Wrongly-Formated-Question,Correctly-Formated-Question "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In which of the following locations, Carcinoid tumor is most common? a)Esophagus b)Stomach c)Small bowel d)Appendix Answer:d, Appendix carcinoid tumour commonly occurs in appendix(45%),ileum(25%),rectum(15%).other sites are(15%)other pas of GIT ,bronchus, and testis SRB,5th,877. "," In which of the following locations, Carcinoid tumor is most common? A. Esophagus B. Stomach C. Small bowel D. Appendix Answer: D. Appendix " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In pyogenic liver abscess commonest route of spread? a-Hematogenous through poal vein. b-Ascending infection through biliary tract c-Hepatic aery d-Local spread Answer:b, Ascending infection through biliary tract "," In pyogenic liver abscess commonest route of spread? A. Hematogenous through poal vein. B. Ascending infection through biliary tract C. Hepatic aery D. Local spread Answer: B. Ascending infection through biliary tract " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Urine osmolality in Diabetes insipidus is? A)<150 mmol/L B)<300 mmol/L C)<600 mmol/L D)<900 mmol/L Answer:A, <150 mmol/L "," Urine osmolality in Diabetes insipidus is? A. <150 mmol/L B. <300 mmol/L C. <600 mmol/L D. <900 mmol/L Answer: A. <150 mmol/L " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which statements below suggest a possible cardiac concern and warrants further investigation by the pediatric nurse? Select all that apply a. The mother of a 6 month old states that her son falls asleep half-way through his bottle b. A 10 year old reports that he cannot keep up with his friends when running a race c. A 15 year old states she starts to wheeze when she goes near the cat d. A 2 year old who is not walking, using 3 word sentences, and is 5% on the growth chart for height and weight Answer: a, b,d "," Which statements below suggest a possible cardiac concern and warrants further investigation by the pediatric nurse? Select all that apply A. The mother of a 6 month old states that her son falls asleep half-way through his bottle B. A 10 year old reports that he cannot keep up with his friends when running a race C. A 15 year old states she starts to wheeze when she goes near the cat D. A 2 year old who is not walking, using 3 word sentences, and is 5% on the growth chart for height and weight Answer: A. The mother of a 6 month old states that her son falls asleep half-way through his bottle, B. A 10 year old reports that he cannot keep up with his friends when running a race, D. A 2 year old who is not walking, using 3 word sentences, and is 5% on the growth chart for height and weight " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Gastric irritation is least with following NSA1D: (PGI June 2008)? a-Diclofenac b-Acetaminophen c-Ibuprofen d-Naproxen Answer:b, Acetaminophen "," Gastric irritation is least with following NSA1D: (PGI June 2008)? A. Diclofenac B. Acetaminophen C. Ibuprofen D. Naproxen Answer: B. Acetaminophen " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The ratio of ICF volume to Extracellular fluid volume reaches adult values at the age of? 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years Answer: A.1 year "," The ratio of ICF volume to Extracellular fluid volume reaches adult values at the age of? A. 1 year B. 2 years C. 3 years D. 4 years Answer: A. 1 year " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Nasal septum is formed except by? A)Perpendicular plate of ethmoid B)Vomer C)Nasal bone D)Lateral cailage Answer:D- Lateral cailage The bony pa is formed by: 1.Vomer 2.Perpendicular plate of ethmoid 3.Nasal spine of frontal bone 4.Rostrum of sphenoid 5.Nasal crest of nasal, palatine and maxillary bones. NOTES: The cailaginous pa is formed by; 1.Septal cailage 2.Septal process of inferior nasal cailages The cuticular pa is formed by; 1.Fibrofatty tissue Ref.BDC volume3,Sixth edition pg 240 "," Nasal septum is formed except by? A. Perpendicular plate of ethmoid B. Vomer C. Nasal bone D. Lateral cailage Answer: D. Lateral cailage " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All are synonyms for PM staining seen in dependant pas of the body during postmoem, except: PGI 13? a-Cadaveric lividity b-Suggilation c-Livor mois d-Algor mois Answer:d, Algor mois "," All are synonyms for PM staining seen in dependant pas of the body during postmoem, except: PGI 13? A. Cadaveric lividity B. Suggilation C. Livor mois D. Algor mois Answer: D. Algor mois " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Use of this instrument during examination of the ear provides all except? -Magnification -In suctioning of middle ear secretions -Assessing Tympanic Membrane Movement -Removal of Foreign body Answer: d "," Use of this instrument during examination of the ear provides all except? A. Magnification B. In suctioning of middle ear secretions C. Assessing Tympanic Membrane Movement D. Removal of Foreign body Answer: D. Removal of Foreign body " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Nucleosomes are? a,DNA+RNA bDNA+Histones,c.RNA+Histones,d. DNA+RNA+Histones Answer: b, DNA+Histones "," Nucleosomes are? A. DNA+RNA B. DNA+Histones C. RNA+Histones D. DNA+RNA+Histones Answer: B. DNA+Histones " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Normal turnover rate of epidermis? -2 weeks -4 weeks -6 weeks -8 weeks Answer: D: 8 weeks "," Normal turnover rate of epidermis? A. 2 weeks B. 4 weeks C. 6 weeks D. 8 weeks Answer: D. 8 weeks " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is an adrenergic drug preferred for arresting labour? 1 Ritodrine 2 Isoprenaline 3 Salbutamol 4 Terbutaline Answer:1- Ritodrine "," Which of the following is an adrenergic drug preferred for arresting labour? A. Ritodrine B. Isoprenaline C. Salbutamol D. Terbutaline Answer: A. Ritodrine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Good pasture's syndrome is characterized by all of the following, except? A)Glomerulonephritis B)Leucocytoclastic Vasculitis C)Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage D)Presence of antibodies to Basement Membrane Answer:B, Leucocytoclastic Vasculitis "," Good pasture's syndrome is characterized by all of the following, except? A. Glomerulonephritis B. Leucocytoclastic Vasculitis C. Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage D. Presence of antibodies to Basement Membrane Answer: B. Leucocytoclastic Vasculitis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Sho structured primi gravida has height less then? A.140 cm B.145 cm C.150 cm D.135 cm Answer:A. 140 cm "," Sho structured primi gravida has height less then? A. 140 cm B. 145 cm C. 150 cm D. 135 cm Answer: A. 140 cm " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: For each extra-articular manifestation of RA, select the most likely diagnosis.Associated with increased frequency of infections.? a-Felty syndrome b-rheumatoid vasculitis c-episcleritis d-Sjogren syndrome Answer:a, Felty syndrome "," For each extra-articular manifestation of RA, select the most likely diagnosis.Associated with increased frequency of infections.? A. Felty syndrome B. rheumatoid vasculitis C. episcleritis D. Sjogren syndrome Answer: A. Felty syndrome " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Pathological feature of pyogenic granuloma? -Epitheloid cells -Cavernous hemangioma -Granulation tissue -Giant cells Answer: c: Granulation tissue "," Pathological feature of pyogenic granuloma? A. Epitheloid cells B. Cavernous hemangioma C. Granulation tissue D. Giant cells Answer: C. Granulation tissue " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -The most prominent toxic effect associated with acetaminophen use is? -Respiratory alkalosis -Haemorrhage -Hepatic necrosis -Gastric Ulceration Answer: C Hepatic necrosis "," The most prominent toxic effect associated with acetaminophen use is? A. Respiratory alkalosis B. Haemorrhage C. Hepatic necrosis D. Gastric Ulceration Answer: C. Hepatic necrosis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: SAFE strategy use in? a,Inclusion conjunctivitis bOphthalmia neonatorum,c.Trachoma,d. Haemorrhagic conjunctivitis Answer: c, Trachoma "," SAFE strategy use in? A. Inclusion conjunctivitis B. Ophthalmia neonatorum C. Trachoma D. Haemorrhagic conjunctivitis Answer: C. Trachoma " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which is the most common site of metastatic disease? Lung bone Liver Brain Answer: C.Liver "," Which is the most common site of metastatic disease? A. Lung B. bone C. Liver D. Brain Answer: C. Liver " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: CSF is stored at:Kerala 11? a)4degC b)-20degC c)Room temperature d)-70degC Answer:a, 4degC Ans. 4degC "," CSF is stored at:Kerala 11? A. 4degC B. -20degC C. Room temperature D. -70degC Answer: A. 4degC " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: With which of the following receptors theophylline has an antagonistic interaction ? A.Histamine receptors B.Bradykinin receptors C.Adenosine receptors D.Imidazoline receptors Answer:C. Adenosine receptors "," With which of the following receptors theophylline has an antagonistic interaction ? A. Histamine receptors B. Bradykinin receptors C. Adenosine receptors D. Imidazoline receptors Answer: C. Adenosine receptors " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which intervention(s) should the nurse use when interacting with a client with Alzheimer's disease? (Select all that apply). Select all that apply Adhere to strict time limits for activities. Give all instructions at the start of the activity. Encourage verbal and nonverbal communication. Speak to the client in a loud and clear voice. Maintain a calm demeanor during all interactions. Answer: Encourage verbal and nonverbal communication. Maintain a calm demeanor during all interactions. Alzheimer's causes the client to experience cognitive deficits and memory impairment, so frequent communication and a calm affect should be maintained with the client. "," Which intervention(s) should the nurse use when interacting with a client with Alzheimer's disease? (Select all that apply). Select all that apply A. Adhere to strict time limits for activities. B. Give all instructions at the start of the activity. C. Encourage verbal and nonverbal communication. D. Speak to the client in a loud and clear voice. e. Maintain a calm demeanor during all interactions. Answer: C. Encourage verbal and nonverbal communication, E. Maintain a calm demeanor during all interactions " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The following statements are true regarding Chlamydia except? Erthromycin is effective for therapy of Chamydial infections Their cell wall lacks a peptidoglycan layer They can grow in cell free culture media They are obligate intracellular bacteria Answer: c "," The following statements are true regarding Chlamydia except? A. Erthromycin is effective for therapy of Chamydial infections B. Their cell wall lacks a peptidoglycan layer C. They can grow in cell free culture media D. They are obligate intracellular bacteria Answer: C. They can grow in cell free culture media " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The number of ATPs generated in krebs cycleare ? A)12 B)24 C)15 D)30 Answer:B- 24 Ans. is 'b' > b' i.e., 24 One turn of the TCA cycle, staing with acetyl CoA produces 10 ATPs. When the staing molecule is pyruvate, the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate, the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate yields 2.5 ATPs and therefore, 12.5 ATPs are produced when staing compound is pyruvate. Since, two molecules of pyruvate enter the TCA cycle when glucose is metabolized (glycolysis produces 2 molecules of pyruvate), the number of ATPs is doubled. Therefore, 25 ATP molecules, per glucose molecule, are produced when pyruvate enters the TCA cycle.Note : Previously calculations were made assuming that NADH produces 3 ATPs and FADH generates 2 ATPs. This will amount a net generation of 30 ATP molecules in TCA per molecule glucose and total 38 molecules from staing. Recent experiments show that these values are overestimates and NADH produces 2.5 ATPs and FADH produces 1.5 ATPs. Therefore, net generation during TCA is 25 ATPs and complete oxidation of glucose through glycolysis plus citric acid cycle yield a net 32 ATPs.Energy yield (number of ATP generated) per molecule of glucose when it is completely oxidized through glycolysis plus citric acid cycle, under aerobic conditions, is as follows :- Method ofNo of ATPsNo of ATPsPathwayStepEnzymeSource ATP formationgained perglucose(new calculation)As per oldcalculationGlycolysis1Hexokinase MinusMinus 1Do3Phosphofructokinase MinusMinus 1Do5Glyceraldehyde-3-p DHNADH Respiratory chain2.5 x 2 = 53 x 2 = 6Do61,3-BPGkinase ATPSubstrate level1 x 2 -- 21 x 2 = 2Do9Pyruvate kinaseATP Substrate level1 x 2 = 21 x 2 = 2Pyruvate to?PyruvateNADH Respiratory chain2.5x2= 53x2= 6Acetyl CoA Dehydrogenase TCA cycle3Isocitrate DHNADH Respiratory chain2.5x2= 53 x 2= 6Do4Alpha keto glutarate DHNADH Respiratory chain2.5x2= 53x2= 6Do5Succinate thiokinaseGTP Substrate level1 x 2 = 21 x 2 = 2Do6Succicinate DHFADH2Respiratory chain1.5x2= 32 x 2= 4Do8Malate DHNADH Respiratory chain2.5x2= 53 x 2= 6Net generation in glycolytic pathway 9 minus 2= 7 10 minus 2= 8Generation in pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction 5 * 6Generation in citric acid cycle 20 * 24Net generation of ATP from one glucose mole 32 * 38 "," The number of ATPs generated in krebs cycleare ? A. 12 B. 24 C. 15 D. 30 Answer: B. 24 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Naglers reaction is shown by? A.Clostridium tetani B.Clostridium botulinum C.Clostridium perfringens D.Clostridium septicum Answer:C. Clostridium perfringens Nagler's reaction - when Clostridium perfringens is grown in media containing 6 % agar, 5% Fildes peptic digest of sheep blood and 20% human serum, with antitoxin spread on one half of plate, colonies in the other half without antitoxin will be surrounded by a zone of opacity. No opacity around the colonies on the half of plate with antitoxin, this is due to the specific neutralization of the alpha-toxin. This specific lecithinase effect, known as the Nagler's reaction. Reference: Textbook of Microbiology; Anathanarayan and paniker's; 10th edition; Page no: 263 "," Naglers reaction is shown by? A. Clostridium tetani B. Clostridium botulinum C. Clostridium perfringens D. Clostridium septicum Answer: C. Clostridium perfringens " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Cardiac anomaly associted with TOF False is? -Cyanotic heart disease -RVH -ASD -VSD Answer: c: ASD "," Cardiac anomaly associted with TOF False is? A. Cyanotic heart disease B. RVH C. ASD D. VSD Answer: C. ASD " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Symptomatic treatment is not required in withdrawal of? A.Cannabis B.Morphine C.Alcohol D.Cocaine Answer:A. Cannabis "," Symptomatic treatment is not required in withdrawal of? A. Cannabis B. Morphine C. Alcohol D. Cocaine Answer: A. Cannabis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Burst supression pattern on EEG is typically seen in? A.Anoxic encephalopathy B.Absence seizures C.SSPE D.Herpes simplex encephalitis Answer:A. Anoxic encephalopathy "," Burst supression pattern on EEG is typically seen in? A. Anoxic encephalopathy B. Absence seizures C. SSPE D. Herpes simplex encephalitis Answer: A. Anoxic encephalopathy " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Abnormal vascular patterns seen with colposcopy in case of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia are all except? A.Punctation B.Mosaicism C.Satellite lesions D.Atypical vessels Answer:C. Satellite lesions Abnormal vascular pattern include punctation, mosaicism and atypical vessels. "," Abnormal vascular patterns seen with colposcopy in case of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia are all except? A. Punctation B. Mosaicism C. Satellite lesions D. Atypical vessels Answer: C. Satellite lesions " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The radiograph of a 32 year old patient is shown below. The patient is asymptomatic and the lesion revealed in the radiograph is an accidental finding. The most likely diagnosis is? A.Stafne’s bone cavity B.Radicular Cyst C.Dentigerous cyst D.Lateral periodontal cyst Answer:A. Stafne’s bone cavity Radiological signs: The lesion presents as a chance radiographic finding. It is a round or an ovoid (<3 cm) uniform radiolucency with a well-defined, usually corticated, margin. Stafne’s bone cavity is non-expansile and is found below the mandibular canal just anterior to the angle of the mandible. The location of Stafne’s bone cavity distinguishes it from odontogenic lesions, whose origin is within the alveolar bone. "," The radiograph of a 32 year old patient is shown below. The patient is asymptomatic and the lesion revealed in the radiograph is an accidental finding. The most likely diagnosis is? A. Stafne’s bone cavity B. Radicular Cyst C. Dentigerous cyst D. Lateral periodontal cyst Answer: A. Stafne’s bone cavity " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All are impoant mechanisms in the formation of lithogenic bile? Increased biliary secretion of cholesterol Increased activity of HMG CoA reductase Clofibrate Low calorie and cholesterol rich diet Answer: D, Low calorie and cholesterol rich diet "," All are impoant mechanisms in the formation of lithogenic bile? A. Increased biliary secretion of cholesterol B. Increased activity of HMG CoA reductase C. Clofibrate D. Low calorie and cholesterol rich diet Answer: D. Low calorie and cholesterol rich diet " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Maternal mortality is maximum in which period –? 1 Antepartum 2 Peripartum 3 Postpartum 4 Answer: Peripartum Maternal death mostly occur from the third trimester to the first week after birth. Studies show that mortality risks for mothers are particularly elevated in the first two days after birth. "," Maternal mortality is maximum in which period –? A. Antepartum B. Peripartum C. Postpartum D. Answer: B. Peripartum " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Which of the following is an amino neurotransmitter? -Acetylcholine -GABA -Lignocaine -Epinephrine Answer: b: GABA "," Which of the following is an amino neurotransmitter? A. Acetylcholine B. GABA C. Lignocaine D. Epinephrine Answer: B. GABA " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Magic syndrome is seen in? A.Behcet disease B.Aphthous major C.Herpetiform D.Bloom syndrome Answer:A. Behcet disease "," Magic syndrome is seen in? A. Behcet disease B. Aphthous major C. Herpetiform D. Bloom syndrome Answer: A. Behcet disease " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Mrs A is hesitant about having children because her two sisters had sons who had died from kinky hair disease. Her mother's brother also died of the same condition. What is the mode of inheritance of kinky hair disease which is running in this family? -X-linked recessive -X-linked dominant -Autosomal recessive -Autosomal dominant Answer: a: X-linked recessive "," Mrs A is hesitant about having children because her two sisters had sons who had died from kinky hair disease. Her mother's brother also died of the same condition. What is the mode of inheritance of kinky hair disease which is running in this family? A. X-linked recessive B. X-linked dominant C. Autosomal recessive D. Autosomal dominant Answer: A. X-linked recessive " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Zero order kinetics is seen in all except? A)High dose salicylates B)Phenytoin C)Ethanol D)Methotrexate Answer:D, Methotrexate "," Zero order kinetics is seen in all except? A. High dose salicylates B. Phenytoin C. Ethanol D. Methotrexate Answer: D. Methotrexate " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All of the following cephalosporins have good activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa EXCEPT? Cefadroxil Cefepime Cefoperazone Ceftazidime Answer: A.Cefadroxil "," All of the following cephalosporins have good activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa EXCEPT? A. Cefadroxil B. Cefepime C. Cefoperazone D. Ceftazidime Answer: A. Cefadroxil " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Failure to initiate and maintain spontaneous respiration following birth is clinically k/a –? 1 Birth asphyxia 2 RDS–Respiratory distress syndrome 3 Respiratory failure 4 Pulmonary oedema Answer: RDS–Respiratory distress syndrome "," Failure to initiate and maintain spontaneous respiration following birth is clinically k/a –? A. Birth asphyxia B. RDS–Respiratory distress syndrome C. Respiratory failure D. Pulmonary oedema Answer: B. RDS–Respiratory distress syndrome " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Hot air oven cannot be used for sterilising? Liquid paraffin Instruments Culture media Needles Answer: C, Culture media "," Hot air oven cannot be used for sterilising? A. Liquid paraffin B. Instruments C. Culture media D. Needles Answer: C. Culture media " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Children born to mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus are likely to have one of the following anomalies? 1 Atrial septal defect 2 Tetralogy of Fallot 3 Transposition of great vessels 4 Complete heart block Answer:4 - Complete heart block d. Complete heart block(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2171-2174, Ghai 8/e p 457-461)Congenital complete AV blockIt is presumed to be caused by autoimmune injury of fetal conduction system by maternally derived anti-SSA/Ro, anti-SSB/ La antibodies in a mother with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or Sjogren syndromeAutoimmune disease accounts for 60-70% of all cases of congenital complete heart block "," Children born to mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus are likely to have one of the following anomalies? A. Atrial septal defect B. Tetralogy of Fallot C. Transposition of great vessels D. Complete heart block Answer: D. Complete heart block " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Charcot's triad include? Fever, pain, jaundice Fever, vomiting, jaundice Fever, Jaundice, Abd, distension Fever, chills, jaundice Answer: a "," Charcot's triad include? A. Fever, pain, jaundice B. Fever, vomiting, jaundice C. Fever, Jaundice, Abd, distension D. Fever, chills, jaundice Answer: A. Fever, pain, jaundice " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Budding reproduction in tissue is seen in? A.Cryptococcus, candida B.Candida, rhizopus C.Rhizopus, mucor D.Histoplasma, candida Answer:A. Cryptococcus, candida "," Budding reproduction in tissue is seen in? A. Cryptococcus, candida B. Candida, rhizopus C. Rhizopus, mucor D. Histoplasma, candida Answer: A. Cryptococcus, candida " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -In which of the following condition serum ascites-to-albumin gradient is > 1.1? -Nephrotic syndrome -Pancreatitis -Peritoneal carcinomatosis -Budd chiari syndrome Answer: D: Budd chiari syndrome "," In which of the following condition serum ascites-to-albumin gradient is > 1.1? A. Nephrotic syndrome B. Pancreatitis C. Peritoneal carcinomatosis D. Budd chiari syndrome Answer: D. Budd chiari syndrome " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which component transfers four protons? A)NADH-Q Oxidoreductase B)Cytochrome -C oxidase C)Cytochrome C - Q oxidoredictase D)Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Answer:A- NADH-Q Oxidoreductase A i.e. NADH-Q Oxidoreductase; C i.e. Cytochrome C-Q oxidoreductase "," Which component transfers four protons? A. NADH-Q Oxidoreductase B. Cytochrome -C oxidase C. Cytochrome C - Q oxidoredictase D. Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Answer: A. NADH-Q Oxidoreductase " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Rigor mois not seen in: AIIMS 13? 1 Fetus < 7 months of age 2 Full term fetus 3 Elderly 4 Anemic person Answer:1- Fetus < 7 months of age "," Rigor mois not seen in: AIIMS 13? A. Fetus < 7 months of age B. Full term fetus C. Elderly D. Anemic person Answer: A. Fetus < 7 months of age " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Role of egg lecithin in propofol formulation is? A.Acts as emulsifying agent B.Acts as preservative C.Acts as carrier vehicle D.Acts as antibacterial Answer:A. Acts as emulsifying agent "," Role of egg lecithin in propofol formulation is? A. Acts as emulsifying agent B. Acts as preservative C. Acts as carrier vehicle D. Acts as antibacterial Answer: A. Acts as emulsifying agent " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: True regarding lag phase is? A.Time taken to adpt in the new environment B.Growth occurs exponentially C.The plateau in lag phase is due to cell death D.It is the 2nd phase in bacterial growth curve Answer:A. Time taken to adpt in the new environment Lag phase: Immediately following the seeding of a culture medium, there is no appreciable number, though there may be an increase in the size of the cells. This initial period is the time required for the adaptation to the new environment, during which the necessary enzymes and metabolic intermediates are built up in adequate quantities for multiplication to proceed. The duration of the lag phase varies with the species, sizes of the inoculation, nature of the culture media and the environmental factors such as temperature REF:Ananthanarayan & Panicker's Textbook of Microbiology 8th edition pg no: 24 "," True regarding lag phase is? A. Time taken to adpt in the new environment B. Growth occurs exponentially C. The plateau in lag phase is due to cell death D. It is the 2nd phase in bacterial growth curve Answer: A. Time taken to adpt in the new environment " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The first permanent tooth to appear is? 1st molar Lateral incisor Upper canine 1st premolar Answer: A, 1st molar "," The first permanent tooth to appear is? A. 1st molar B. Lateral incisor C. Upper canine D. 1st premolar Answer: A. 1st molar " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -The maxillary nerve arises from the trigeminal ganglion in the middle cranial fossa. It passes forward in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus and leaves the skull through which of the following foramen to enter the pterygopalatine fossa? -Foramen ovale -Foramen spinosum -Foramen rotundum -Foramen lacerum Answer: c: Foramen rotundum "," The maxillary nerve arises from the trigeminal ganglion in the middle cranial fossa. It passes forward in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus and leaves the skull through which of the following foramen to enter the pterygopalatine fossa? A. Foramen ovale B. Foramen spinosum C. Foramen rotundum D. Foramen lacerum Answer: C. Foramen rotundum " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: For TOF management in antenatal period includes ? A.Balloon valvotomy B.Open hea surgery C.Karyotyping D.Aspirin Answer:C. Karyotyping Ans. is 'c' i.e., KaryotypingTOF has been associated with untreated maternal diabetes, phenylketonuria, and intake of retinoic acid.Associated chromosomal anomalies occur in 30% cases and include trisomies 21, 18, 13 and 22q11 microdeletion, especially in pulmonary atresia and absent pulmonary valve syndrome (APVS).There is also a high association with extra - cardiac anomalies in paicular, abdominal and thoracic abnormalities.When a TOF is diagnosed during fetal life, karyotyping and targeted morphologic ultrasound examination should be offered.Isolated TOF - Good prognosis in TOF with pulmonary stenosis (>90% survival after surgery).However, other forms of TOF such as pulmonary atresia and absent pulmonary valve syndrome do not have a good prognosis (moderate prognosis for pulmonary atresia and bad prognosis for APVS). "," For TOF management in antenatal period includes ? A. Balloon valvotomy B. Open hea surgery C. Karyotyping D. Aspirin Answer: C. Karyotyping " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Main source of energy derived from? A)Fat B)Glycogen C)Lactate D)Ketone Answer:B, Glycogen "," Main source of energy derived from? A. Fat B. Glycogen C. Lactate D. Ketone Answer: B. Glycogen " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: For RNA, which blotting technique is used? A)Western blot B)Northern blot C)Southernblod D) Answer:B, Northern blot "," For RNA, which blotting technique is used? A. Western blot B. Northern blot C. Southernblod D. Answer: B. Northern blot " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Intolerance to loud sound, nerve affected is? 5th nerve 7th nerve 10th nerve Answer: b "," Intolerance to loud sound, nerve affected is? A. 5th nerve B. 7th nerve C. 10th nerve D. Answer: B. 7th nerve " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 16 year old boy does not attend school because of the fear of being harmed by school mates. He thinks that his classmates laugh at him and talk about him. He is even scared of going out of the market. He is most likely suffering from? a-Anxiety disorder b-Manic depressive psychosis (bipolar disorder) c-Adjustment reaction d-Schizophrenia Answer:d, Schizophrenia "," A 16 year old boy does not attend school because of the fear of being harmed by school mates. He thinks that his classmates laugh at him and talk about him. He is even scared of going out of the market. He is most likely suffering from? A. Anxiety disorder B. Manic depressive psychosis (bipolar disorder) C. Adjustment reaction D. Schizophrenia Answer: D. Schizophrenia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Mesencephalo-oculo-facial-angiomatosis is seen in? -KTW Syndrome -NF-1 & 2 -Sturge-Weber syndrome -Wyburn-Mason syndrome Answer: d "," Mesencephalo-oculo-facial-angiomatosis is seen in? A. KTW Syndrome B. NF-1 & 2 C. Sturge-Weber syndrome D. Wyburn-Mason syndrome Answer: D. Wyburn-Mason syndrome " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: An obese 50-year-old woman undergoes a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In the recovery room she is found to be hypotensive and tachycardic. Her arterial blood gases reveal a pH of 7.29, partial pressure of oxygen of 60 kPa, and partial pressure of CO2 of 54 kPa. The most likely cause of this woman's problem is? 1 Acute pulmonary embolism 2 CO2 absorption from induced pneumoperitoneum 3 Alveolar hypoventilation 4 Pulmonary edema Answer:3 - Alveolar hypoventilation Because of the ease with which carbon dioxide diffuses across the alveolar membranes, the PaCO2 is a highly reliable indicator of alveolar ventilation. In this postoperative patient with respiratory acidosis and hypoxemia, the hypercarbia is diagnostic of alveolar hypoventilation. Acute hypoxemia can occur with pulmonary embolism, pulmonary edema, and significant atelectasis, but in all those situations the CO2 partial pressures should be normal or reduced as the patient hyperventilates to improve oxygenation. The absorption of gas from the peritoneal cavity may affect transiently the PaCO2 , but should have no effect on oxygenation. "," An obese 50-year-old woman undergoes a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In the recovery room she is found to be hypotensive and tachycardic. Her arterial blood gases reveal a pH of 7.29, partial pressure of oxygen of 60 kPa, and partial pressure of CO2 of 54 kPa. The most likely cause of this woman's problem is? A. Acute pulmonary embolism B. CO2 absorption from induced pneumoperitoneum C. Alveolar hypoventilation D. Pulmonary edema Answer: C. Alveolar hypoventilation " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: National program for prevention and control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular disease and stroke (NPCDCS), true is? A)Separate centre for stroke, DM, cancer B)Implementation in some 5 states over 10 districts C)District hospital has specialised facilities D)Subcentre has facility for diagnosis and treatment Answer:C- District hospital has specialised facilities Ans. is 'c' i.e., District hospital has specialised facilities Sational program for prevention and control of cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and stroke (NPCDCS1 Introduction Single centre fi- cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke. 100 districts in 21 states being covered in 1 1 th live year plan. 20,000 subcentres and 700 community health centres (CHCs) covered. o Activities as sub-centres Health promotion for behaviour and lifestyle change. Oppounistic screening of BP. blood glucose (strip method) in age > 30 years. Referral to CHC of cases of DM, HT. o Activities at CHCs : Diagnosis and management at NCD clinic. Home visits by nurse for bedridden cases. Referral to district hospital for complicated cases. o Activities as District hospital : Health promotion Screening of population > 30 years. Diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease. Home-based palliative care for chronic, debilitating progressive patients. Specialized facilities. Urban health check-up shceme JOr diabetes and high BP : Screen urban slum population. Screen population > 30 years and pregnant females. Cancer control in NPCDCS : Regional cancer control scheme : Regional cancer centres to act as referral centres for complicated cases. Oncology wing development scheme. Decentralized NGO scheme : IEC activities and early cancer detection. lEC at central level. Research and mining. "," National program for prevention and control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular disease and stroke (NPCDCS), true is? A. Separate centre for stroke, DM, cancer B. Implementation in some 5 states over 10 districts C. District hospital has specialised facilities D. Subcentre has facility for diagnosis and treatment Answer: C. District hospital has specialised facilities " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 24-year-old medical student was bitten at the base of her thumb by her dog. The wound became infected and the infection spread into the radial bursa. The tendon(s) of which muscle will most likely be affected? Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor pollicis longus Flexor carpi radialis Answer: C, Flexor pollicis longus "," A 24-year-old medical student was bitten at the base of her thumb by her dog. The wound became infected and the infection spread into the radial bursa. The tendon(s) of which muscle will most likely be affected? A. Flexor digitorum profundus B. Flexor digitorum superficialis C. Flexor pollicis longus D. Flexor carpi radialis Answer: C. Flexor pollicis longus " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which muscle is responsible for unlocking of knee? A)Popliteus B)Quadriceps femoris C)Semitendinosus D)Semimembranosus Answer:A- Popliteus Ans. A PopliteusRef: BDC, vol II pg. 155* Quadriceps femoris is the main and only extensor of knee.* It produces locking action as a result of medial rotation of the femur during the last stage of extension.* To reverse this lock popliteus muscle comes into action and does so by the lateral rotation of femurRemember: Lock is: Quadriceps femoris muscle and, Key is popliteus muscle.Muscles producing movements at the knee jointMovementPrincipal musclesA. Flexion * Biceps femoris* Semitendinosus* SemimembranosusB. ExtensionQuadriceps femorisC. Medial rotation of flexed leg* Popliteus* Semimembranosus* SemitendinosusD. Lateral rotation of flexed leg * Biceps femorisExtra Mile* Quadriceps femoris incudes: Rectus femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastis Medialis, Vastus Intermedius.* Rectus femoris is also known as ""kicking muscle"" "," Which muscle is responsible for unlocking of knee? A. Popliteus B. Quadriceps femoris C. Semitendinosus D. Semimembranosus Answer: A. Popliteus " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 6 years child has foreign body in trachea .Best initial management is? a-Heimlich's maneuver b-Cardiac massage c-Intubation d-Oxygen mask with IPPV Answer:a, Heimlich's maneuver "," A 6 years child has foreign body in trachea .Best initial management is? A. Heimlich's maneuver B. Cardiac massage C. Intubation D. Oxygen mask with IPPV Answer: A. Heimlich's maneuver " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which information will the nurse consider when deciding what nursing actions to delegate to a licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/LVN) who is working on a medical-surgical unit? (Select all that apply.) a. Institutional policies b. Stability of the patient c. State nurse practice act d. LPN/LVN teaching abilities e. Experience of the LPN/LVN Answer: a, b, c, e Rationale: The nurse should assess the experience of LPN/LVNs when delegating. In addition, state nurse practice acts and institutional policies must be considered. In general, LPN/LVN scope of practice includes caring for patients who are stable, while registered nurses should provide most of the care for unstable patients. Since LPN/LVN scope of practice does not include patient education, this will not be part of the delegation process. "," Which information will the nurse consider when deciding what nursing actions to delegate to a licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/LVN) who is working on a medical-surgical unit? (Select all that apply.) A. Institutional policies B. Stability of the patient C. State nurse practice act D. LPN/LVN teaching abilities E. Experience of the LPN/LVN Answer: A. Institutional policies B. Stability of the patient C. State nurse practice act E. Experience of the LPN/LVN " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Epiphyseal enlargement occurs in? -Paget's disease -Sheurmann's disease -Epiphyseal dysplasia -Hemophilia Answer: D Hemophilia "," Epiphyseal enlargement occurs in? A. Paget's disease B. Sheurmann's disease C. Epiphyseal dysplasia D. Hemophilia Answer: D. Hemophilia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most common tumor to extend from intracranial to orbit is –? 1 Astrocytoma 2 Pituitary adenoma 3 Craniopharyngioma 4 Sphenoidal wing meningioma Answer:4 - Sphenoidal wing meningioma ""Meningiomas are the most common intracranial tumor to extend to the orbit"".......... Ophthalmic oncology Meningiomas commonly arise from the dura of sphenoid wing, i.e. sphenoid wing meningioma. "," Most common tumor to extend from intracranial to orbit is –? A. Astrocytoma B. Pituitary adenoma C. Craniopharyngioma D. Sphenoidal wing meningioma Answer: D. Sphenoidal wing meningioma " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: An elderly woman suffering from schizophrenia is on antipsychotic medication. She developed purposeless involuntary facial and limb movements, constant chewing and puffing of cheeks. Which of the following drugs is least likely to be involved in this side effect? Haloperidol Clozapine Fluphenazine Loxapine Answer: b "," An elderly woman suffering from schizophrenia is on antipsychotic medication. She developed purposeless involuntary facial and limb movements, constant chewing and puffing of cheeks. Which of the following drugs is least likely to be involved in this side effect? A. Haloperidol B. Clozapine C. Fluphenazine D. Loxapine Answer: B. Clozapine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Advantage of brachytherapy – a) Non-invasiveb) Less radiation hazard to normal tissuec) Max.radiation to diseased tissued) Can be given in all malignanciese) Doesn't require trained personnel? a-a b-c c-ac d-bc Answer:d, bc "," Advantage of brachytherapy – a) Non-invasiveb) Less radiation hazard to normal tissuec) Max.radiation to diseased tissued) Can be given in all malignanciese) Doesn't require trained personnel? A. a B. c C. ac D. bc Answer: D. bc " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Complex polysaccharides are converted to glucose and absorbed by the help of? -Na+k+ATPase -Sucrase -Enterokinase -Carboxypeptidase Answer: B Sucrase "," Complex polysaccharides are converted to glucose and absorbed by the help of? A. Na+k+ATPase B. Sucrase C. Enterokinase D. Carboxypeptidase Answer: B. Sucrase " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All of the following are true for retinopathy of prematurity except? a-Occurs in premature infants due to late crying b-Due to hypoxia there occurs neovascularization followed by fibroproliferation c-End result is bilateral blindness d-Blindness can be prevented by early diagnosis and ablation of vascular premature retina with cryotherapy or photocoagulation Answer:a, Occurs in premature infants due to late crying "," All of the following are true for retinopathy of prematurity except? A. Occurs in premature infants due to late crying B. Due to hypoxia there occurs neovascularization followed by fibroproliferation C. End result is bilateral blindness D. Blindness can be prevented by early diagnosis and ablation of vascular premature retina with cryotherapy or photocoagulation Answer: A. Occurs in premature infants due to late crying " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The Triat in which the parents are clinically normal and only siblings are affected but males and females are affected in equal propoions is? A)AD B)AR C)XLD D)XLR Answer:B, AR "," The Triat in which the parents are clinically normal and only siblings are affected but males and females are affected in equal propoions is? A. AD B. AR C. XLD D. XLR Answer: B. AR " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: True about malignant hypehermia? It is genetic, hypometabolic muscle disease It is genetic, hypermetabolic muscle disease It is preoperative complication It is inherited in Autosomal recessive form Answer: B.It is genetic, hypermetabolic muscle disease "," True about malignant hypehermia? A. It is genetic, hypometabolic muscle disease B. It is genetic, hypermetabolic muscle disease C. It is preoperative complication D. It is inherited in Autosomal recessive form Answer: B. It is genetic, hypermetabolic muscle disease " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -All are tumor markers of HCC except? -Neurotensin -AFP -CA - 19-9 -PIVKA-2 Answer: C: CA - 19-9 "," All are tumor markers of HCC except? A. Neurotensin B. AFP C. CA - 19-9 D. PIVKA-2 Answer: C. CA - 19-9 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Anion gap is increased in all except: September 2009? -Ureterostomy -Ethylene glycol -Methylene glycol -Diabetic ketoacidosis Answer: A: Ureterostomy "," Anion gap is increased in all except: September 2009? A. Ureterostomy B. Ethylene glycol C. Methylene glycol D. Diabetic ketoacidosis Answer: A. Ureterostomy " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Asherman syndrome is due to? -Overdose drugs -Postaboion curettage -Speticemia -Contraceptal pills Answer: B: Postaboion curettage "," Asherman syndrome is due to? A. Overdose drugs B. Postaboion curettage C. Speticemia D. Contraceptal pills Answer: B. Postaboion curettage " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is associated with cough? 1 Lisinopril 2 Propranolol 3 Verapamil 4 Sodium nitroprusside Answer: Lisinopril Ans: a (Lisinopril) Ref: KDT, 6th ed, p. 484* Cough is a side effect of ACE-1.* Bradykinin and substance P seem to be responsible for the cough. Thromboxane antagonism, aspirin, and iron supplementation reduce cough induced by ACE inhibitors. Once ACE inhibitors are stopped, the cough disappears, usually within 4 days.Important points on ACE inhibitorsEnalapril, fosinopril, perindopril, and ramipril are prodrags.Captopril & lisinopril does not require hydrolysis to become active ACE inhibitorEnalapril is converted in the body into enalaprilat. Enalaprilat differs from captopril in that it is an analog of a tripeptide rather than a dipeptide.Adverse effects of ACE inhibitors are cough; hypotension; hyperkalaemia; acute renal failure in patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis, stenosis of the artery to a single remaining kidney, heart failure, or volume depletion owing to diarrhea or diuretics; teratogenicity; skin rash; proteinuria, angioedema and dysguesia. "," Which of the following is associated with cough? A. Lisinopril B. Propranolol C. Verapamil D. Sodium nitroprusside Answer: A. Lisinopril " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -A 35 years old man presented with dry cough and rusty coloured sputum; He has history of eating in chinese restraunt very often with consumption of crabs often; What is the probable causative agent in this condition? -Diphyllobothrium latum -Pneumocystis jirovecii -Paragonimus westermani -Strongyloides stercoralis Answer: C: Paragonimus westermani "," A 35 years old man presented with dry cough and rusty coloured sputum; He has history of eating in chinese restraunt very often with consumption of crabs often; What is the probable causative agent in this condition? A. Diphyllobothrium latum B. Pneumocystis jirovecii C. Paragonimus westermani D. Strongyloides stercoralis Answer: C. Paragonimus westermani " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A nurse is caring for a client who requires 7 L of oxygen to maintain oxygen saturation. Which of the following oxygen delivery devices should the nurse expect to use? A. Nasal cannula B. Nonrebreather mask C. Partial rebreathe mask D. Simple face mask Answer: D "," A nurse is caring for a client who requires 7 L of oxygen to maintain oxygen saturation. Which of the following oxygen delivery devices should the nurse expect to use? A. Nasal cannula B. Nonrebreather mask C. Partial rebreathe mask D. Simple face mask Answer: D. Simple face mask " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Ifa Panchayat is dissolved, elections are to be held within? A.1 month B.3 months C.6 months D.1 year Answer:C. 6 months Ans. is 'c' i.e., 6 months "," Ifa Panchayat is dissolved, elections are to be held within? A. 1 month B. 3 months C. 6 months D. 1 year Answer: C. 6 months " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The mesentery of small intestine, along its attachment to the posterior abdominal wall, crosses all of the following structures except? Left gonadal vessels Third pa of duodenum. Aoa Right ureter. Answer: A, Left gonadal vessels "," The mesentery of small intestine, along its attachment to the posterior abdominal wall, crosses all of the following structures except? A. Left gonadal vessels B. Third pa of duodenum. C. Aoa D. Right ureter. Answer: A. Left gonadal vessels " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following statement is/are true about Obstructive lung disease ? 1 mMRC dyspnea scale ,grade 2 includes shoness of breath when hurrying up inclines 2 Decreased FEV1/FVC ,TLC is increased 3 Normal PEFR and decreased in Lung volume 4 Roflumilast is introduced in management of COPD in Group C Answer: Decreased FEV1/FVC ,TLC is increased Acute asthma and Emphysema- TLC | due to air trapping Myasthenia gravis- TLC | RV| Obstructive Restrictive | in airflow | Lung volume - Expiratory -Inspiratory COPD Asthma Bronchiectasis ILD Scoliosis NM causes FEV1-| FVC- Normal or | TLC - Normal or | | PEFR Normal | | |PEFR Management of COPD Group A Low Risk, low symptom Bronchodilator Group B Low Risk, High symptom LABA/LAMA, if failed- LAMA+LABA Group C High Risk, Low symptom LAMA+LABA or LABA+ICS Group D High Risk, High symptom LAMA+LABA+ICS | symptoms persists Phosphodiesterase inhibitor (Roflumilast) or Macrolides mMRC DYSPNOEA SCALE (for COPD patients) Grade Impact 1 Incline (Breathlessness on going upstairs) 2 Slow walk than peers (Breathlessness on walking in straight surface) 3 Stops (Keeps on stops walking in between) 4 Too breathless to go out of his house GOLD (Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease) classification "," Which of the following statement is/are true about Obstructive lung disease ? A. mMRC dyspnea scale ,grade 2 includes shoness of breath when hurrying up inclines B. Decreased FEV1/FVC ,TLC is increased C. Normal PEFR and decreased in Lung volume D. Roflumilast is introduced in management of COPD in Group C Answer: B. Decreased FEV1/FVC ,TLC is increased " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The minimal current amplitude of indefinite durationrequired for the depolarization threshold of the cell membranes is? Threshold Rheobase Chronaxie Refractory period Answer: B.Rheobase "," The minimal current amplitude of indefinite durationrequired for the depolarization threshold of the cell membranes is? A. Threshold B. Rheobase C. Chronaxie D. Refractory period Answer: B. Rheobase " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Devic's disease is associated with? 1 Aquaporin 0 2 Aquaporin 1 3 Aquaporin 2 4 Aquaporin 4 Answer:4 - Aquaporin 4 (D) Aquaporin 4 # NEUROMYELITIS OPTICA (NMO) or Devic's disease or Devic's syndrome, is a heterogeneous condition consisting of recurrent and simultaneous inflammation and demyelination of the optic nerve (optic neuritis) and the spinal cord (myelitis).> Currently at least two different causes are proposed based on the presence of autoantibodies against AQP4.> Autoimmune reactions against aquaporin 4 produce Devic's disease Mutations in the aquaporin-2 gene cause hereditary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in humans. Mice homozygous for inactivating mutations in the aquaporin-0 gene develop congenital cataracts.> A small number of people have been identified with severe or total deficiency in aquaporin-1. Interestingly, they are generally healthy, but exhibit a defect in the ability to concentrate solutes in the urine and to conserve water when deprived of drinking water. "," Devic's disease is associated with? A. Aquaporin 0 B. Aquaporin 1 C. Aquaporin 2 D. Aquaporin 4 Answer: D. Aquaporin 4 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Metrorrhagia is? a-Heavy menstrual bleeding b-Intermenstrual bleeding c-Break through bleeding d-Post coital bleeding Answer:b, Intermenstrual bleeding "," Metrorrhagia is? A. Heavy menstrual bleeding B. Intermenstrual bleeding C. Break through bleeding D. Post coital bleeding Answer: B. Intermenstrual bleeding " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Hereditary spherocytosis is characterized by: March 2004? A)Anemia B)Splenomegaly C)Jaundice D)All of the above Answer:D- All of the above Ans. D i.e. All of the above "," Hereditary spherocytosis is characterized by: March 2004? A. Anemia B. Splenomegaly C. Jaundice D. All of the above Answer: D. All of the above " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Fish tank granuloma is seen in? A)Mfortuitum B)Mkansasi C)Mmarinum D)M leprosy Answer:C- Mmarinum Ans. is 'c' i.e., M. Marinum o Fish tank granulomaalso called ' swimming pool granuiomaf is caused by M. marinum.Principal types of opportunist mycobacterial disease in man and the usual causative agents.DiseasesUsual causative agentLymphadenopathyM. avium complexM. scrofulaceumSkin lesionPost-trauma abscessSwimming pool granulomaBuruli ulcerM. chelonaeM.fortuitumM. terraeM.marinumM. ulceransPulmonary' diseaseM. avium complexM. kansasiiM.xenopiM.malmoenseDisseminated diseaseAIDS-relatedM, avium complexM.genevenseM.avium complexM. chelonae "," Fish tank granuloma is seen in? A. Mfortuitum B. Mkansasi C. Mmarinum D. M leprosy Answer: C. Mmarinum " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Gastrosplenic ligament is derived from? a)Splenic artery b)Splenic vein c)Dorsal mesogastrium d)Ventral mesogastrium Answer:c, Dorsal mesogastrium ANSWER: (C) Dorsal mesogastriumREF: Langman's Medical Embryology 9th edition 293The gastrosplenic ligament (ligamentum gastrosplenicum or gastrolienal ligament) is part of the greater omentum. Embryonically the gastrosplenic ligament is derived from the dorsal mesogastrium. The gastrosplenic ligament is made of peritoneum that connects the greater curvature of stomach with the hilum of the spleen. Contains: Short gastric vessels and left Gastro-Epiploic vessels "," Gastrosplenic ligament is derived from? A. Splenic artery B. Splenic vein C. Dorsal mesogastrium D. Ventral mesogastrium Answer: C. Dorsal mesogastrium " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Niacin is synthesized from? -Phenylalanine -Tryptophan -Tyrosine -Methionine Answer: B Tryptophan "," Niacin is synthesized from? A. Phenylalanine B. Tryptophan C. Tyrosine D. Methionine Answer: B. Tryptophan " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Axis is the name for? 1 IV cervical vertebra 2 III cervical vertebra 3 II cervical vertebra 4 I cervical vertebra Answer:3- II cervical vertebra "," Axis is the name for? A. IV cervical vertebra B. III cervical vertebra C. II cervical vertebra D. I cervical vertebra Answer: C. II cervical vertebra " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Monozygotic twins do not have same? 1 Fingerprints 2 Genetic make up 3 Facial appearance 4 Stature Answer:1 - Fingerprints Ans. is ""a' i.e., Fingerprints o Monozygotic twins are a result of the division of the single fertilized egg into two embryos. Thus, they have exactly identical DNA, except for the generally undetectable micromutations that begin as soon as the cell starts dividing.o Fingerprints of the identical twins start their development from the same DNA so they show considerable genetic similarity.o However identical twins are situated in different parts of the womb during development, so each fetus encounters slightly different intrauterine forces than their siblings.o As a result fingerprints of the identical twins have different microdetails which can be used for identification purposes. "," Monozygotic twins do not have same? A. Fingerprints B. Genetic make up C. Facial appearance D. Stature Answer: A. Fingerprints " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following may be seen in second degree Hea block (select three options)? A.Change in QRS complex morphology B.Atrial rate more than ventricular rate C.Prolonged conduction time D.All of the above Answer:D. All of the above "," Which of the following may be seen in second degree Hea block (select three options)? A. Change in QRS complex morphology B. Atrial rate more than ventricular rate C. Prolonged conduction time D. All of the above Answer: D. All of the above " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Mrs Shikha, 50-years-old woman is diagnosed with cervical cancer. Which lymph node group would be the first involved in metastatic spread of this disease beyond the cervix and uterus? NOT RELATED -anatomy? a - Common iliac nodes b - Parametrial nodes c - External iliac node d - Paracervical or ureteral nodes Answer: Paracervical or ureteral nodes "," Mrs Shikha, 50-years-old woman is diagnosed with cervical cancer. Which lymph node group would be the first involved in metastatic spread of this disease beyond the cervix and uterus? NOT RELATED -anatomy? A. Common iliac nodes B. Parametrial nodes C. External iliac node D. Paracervical or ureteral nodes Answer: D. Paracervical or ureteral nodes " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: renal papillary necrosis is caused by ? alcohol cocaine heroin morphine Answer: a "," renal papillary necrosis is caused by ? A. alcohol B. cocaine C. heroin D. morphine Answer: A. alcohol " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: After an incised wound ,new collagen fibrils are seen along with a thick layer of growing epithelium.The approximate age of the wound is? A)4-5days B)About 1week C)12-24hrs D)24-48 hrs Answer:A- 4-5days Ref Robbins 9/e p106 Incised wound for the formation of collagen and new tissue, thick layer of epithelial ,and granulation tissue formation along with new blood vessels requires atleast 4_5 days "," After an incised wound ,new collagen fibrils are seen along with a thick layer of growing epithelium.The approximate age of the wound is? A. 4-5days B. About 1week C. 12-24hrs D. 24-48 hrs Answer: A. 4-5days " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Stapes develops from? a-1st arch b-2nd arch c-3rd arch d-4th arch Answer:b, 2nd arch "," Stapes develops from? A. 1st arch B. 2nd arch C. 3rd arch D. 4th arch Answer: B. 2nd arch " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -LH surge occurs at? -At the time of ovulation -5-6 days before ovulation -24-36 hours before ovulation -24 - 72 hours after ovulation Answer: c: 24-36 hours before ovulation "," LH surge occurs at? A. At the time of ovulation B. 5-6 days before ovulation C. 24-36 hours before ovulation D. 24 - 72 hours after ovulation Answer: C. 24-36 hours before ovulation " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A multipara with 34 weeks pregnancy tachycardia, fever, hepatospleenomegaly, pallor has? Malaria Iron deficiency anaemia Physiological anaemia Megaloblastic anaemia Answer: a "," A multipara with 34 weeks pregnancy tachycardia, fever, hepatospleenomegaly, pallor has? A. Malaria B. Iron deficiency anaemia C. Physiological anaemia D. Megaloblastic anaemia Answer: A. Malaria " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Sacrococcygeal teratoma is associated with? Meningocele Cardiac detects Hepatic cysts Cystic adenoid malformation Answer: a "," Sacrococcygeal teratoma is associated with? A. Meningocele B. Cardiac detects C. Hepatic cysts D. Cystic adenoid malformation Answer: A. Meningocele " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: 27-year-old white man presents to his family doctor complaining of being tired all the time and having a slight fever for the past two weeks. He recently returned from a trip to Las Vegas, where he indulged in some of the infamous nightlife. His physical exam is unremarkable except for a macular rash over his trunk and on the palms of his hands. There are no lesions or ulcers on the penis. What organism is causing this man's illness? 1 Chlamydia trachomatis 2 Neisseria gonorrhea 3 Treponema pallidum 4 Borrelia burgdorferi Answer:3- Treponema pallidum "," 27-year-old white man presents to his family doctor complaining of being tired all the time and having a slight fever for the past two weeks. He recently returned from a trip to Las Vegas, where he indulged in some of the infamous nightlife. His physical exam is unremarkable except for a macular rash over his trunk and on the palms of his hands. There are no lesions or ulcers on the penis. What organism is causing this man's illness? A. Chlamydia trachomatis B. Neisseria gonorrhea C. Treponema pallidum D. Borrelia burgdorferi Answer: C. Treponema pallidum " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Best prognostic indicator for head injured patients: AIIMS 10? -GCS -CT findings -Age of the patient -History Answer: A GCS "," Best prognostic indicator for head injured patients: AIIMS 10? A. GCS B. CT findings C. Age of the patient D. History Answer: A. GCS " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Heparin is the commonly used anticoagulant in cardiac surgery. All of the following are true about heparin except? A)Weakest acid found in living things B)Most commercial preparations of heparin now utilize pig intestinal slimes C)Act via Antithrombin activation D)Produce thrombocytopenia Answer:A, Weakest acid found in living things "," Heparin is the commonly used anticoagulant in cardiac surgery. All of the following are true about heparin except? A. Weakest acid found in living things B. Most commercial preparations of heparin now utilize pig intestinal slimes C. Act via Antithrombin activation D. Produce thrombocytopenia Answer: A. Weakest acid found in living things " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Boundary of the Koch's triangle is not formed by? -Tricuspid valve ring -Coronary sinus -Tendon of todaro -Limbus fossa ovalis Answer: d: Limbus fossa ovalis "," Boundary of the Koch's triangle is not formed by? A. Tricuspid valve ring B. Coronary sinus C. Tendon of todaro D. Limbus fossa ovalis Answer: D. Limbus fossa ovalis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Prevalence is a? A.Rate B.Ratio C.Propoion D.None of the above Answer:C. Propoion Tools of measurement in epidemics: - Rate = x 1000/ 10000/ 100000 ; a is pa of b - Ratio = a/b ; a is not a pa of b - Propoion = x 100 = % ; a is pa of b Prevalence = No. of all current cases of a disease at a time /Estimated total population at that time X 100 Hence, Prevalence is a propoion (Prevalence is NOT a Ratio): Numerator is a pa of denominator & is always expressed in percentage. Incidence is rate. "," Prevalence is a? A. Rate B. Ratio C. Propoion D. None of the above Answer: C. Propoion " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Folie a deux is? 1 OCD 2 Shared delusion disorder 3 Hysteria 4 Neurasthenia Answer: Shared delusion disorder Shared psychotic disorder or folie a deux, the characteristic feature is the transmission of delusions from ""inducer"" (primary patient), who is the ""originally"" ill patient and suffers from a psychotic disorder to another person who may share the inducer's delusions in entirety or in pa. the person who receives the delusion is usually financially dependent on the inducer person the person who receives the delusion is intellectually less normal and tend to beleive everything that the inducer person tells. both the person who induces and receives the delusion live in close proximity they live in social isolation with less contact with the outside world as they remain together delusion system perpetutes. treament of choice for such patients is seperation of the receiver of delusion from the inducer and the symptom of delusion reduces. Depending on whether the delusions are shared among two, three, four, five and even twelve people, it is called as folie a deux, folie a trios, folie a quatre, folie a cinq and folie a douze. Shared psychotic disorder is mostly observed among people who live in close proximity and in close relationships. Reference: Kaplon and sadock, 11 th edition, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 390 "," Folie a deux is? A. OCD B. Shared delusion disorder C. Hysteria D. Neurasthenia Answer: B. Shared delusion disorder " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In Pediatric advanced life support, intraosseous access for drug/fluid administration is recommended for pediatric age of –? a,< 1 year age b< 5 years age,c.< 6 years age,d. Any age Answer: c, < 6 years age "," In Pediatric advanced life support, intraosseous access for drug/fluid administration is recommended for pediatric age of –? A. < 1 year age B. < 5 years age C. < 6 years age D. Any age Answer: C. < 6 years age " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: During cardiac imaging the phase of minimum motion of hea is? A)Late systole B)Mid systole C)Late diastole D)Mid diastole Answer:D, Mid diastole "," During cardiac imaging the phase of minimum motion of hea is? A. Late systole B. Mid systole C. Late diastole D. Mid diastole Answer: D. Mid diastole " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which among the following drug is not used in the treatment of Tetralogy of Fallot? β blocker α agonists Calcium channel blockers Morphine Answer: C.Calcium channel blockers "," Which among the following drug is not used in the treatment of Tetralogy of Fallot? A. β blocker B. α agonists C. Calcium channel blockers D. Morphine Answer: C. Calcium channel blockers " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Eleven years after undergoing right modified radical mastectomy, a 61-year-old woman develops raised red and purple nodules over the right arm. What is the most likely diagnosis? Lymphangitis Lymphedema Lymphangiosarcoma Hyperkeratosis Answer: C.Lymphangiosarcoma "," Eleven years after undergoing right modified radical mastectomy, a 61-year-old woman develops raised red and purple nodules over the right arm. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Lymphangitis B. Lymphedema C. Lymphangiosarcoma D. Hyperkeratosis Answer: C. Lymphangiosarcoma " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: New born term baby born by vaginal delivers' had respiratory' distress, grunt, with scaphoid abdomen -Most probable diagnosis is? a)HMD b)Diphragmatic hernia c)Pneumothorax d)Meconium aspiration syndrome Answer:b, Diphragmatic hernia Ans. is 'b' i.e., Diaphragmatic hernia o Diaphragmatic Hernia is defined as a communication between abdominal & thoracic cavities with or without abdominalContents in thorax.MC Bochdalek type.More common on left (85%)30% of CDH have associated anomalesCardiac anomalis is MC anomalis.In cardiac (Hypoplastic left heart syndrome most common).o X ray showing multiple gas locales within the lower left chest, the majority of the rest of the left lung opacified. The left hemidiaphragm can not be seen. The mediastinum and the heart are deviated to the contralateral right side. "," New born term baby born by vaginal delivers' had respiratory' distress, grunt, with scaphoid abdomen -Most probable diagnosis is? A. HMD B. Diphragmatic hernia C. Pneumothorax D. Meconium aspiration syndrome Answer: B. Diphragmatic hernia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) intiative was taken to prevent morbidity and moality from all of the following except? 1 Malaria 2 Malnutrition 3 Otitis Media 4 Neonatal tetanus Answer:4- Neonatal tetanus "," Integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) intiative was taken to prevent morbidity and moality from all of the following except? A. Malaria B. Malnutrition C. Otitis Media D. Neonatal tetanus Answer: D. Neonatal tetanus " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Congestive hea failure in an infant is characterized by all except? A.Pedal edema B.Tachypnea C.Sweating D.Poor weight gain Answer:A. Pedal edema "," Congestive hea failure in an infant is characterized by all except? A. Pedal edema B. Tachypnea C. Sweating D. Poor weight gain Answer: A. Pedal edema " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Congenital syndrome associated with lymphoproliferative malignancy- a) Bloom syndrome b) Fanconi's anemia c) Turner syndrome d) Chediak Higashi syndrome e) Ataxia telangiectasia? ab bd ca de Answer: D, de "," Congenital syndrome associated with lymphoproliferative malignancy- a) Bloom syndrome b) Fanconi's anemia c) Turner syndrome d) Chediak Higashi syndrome e) Ataxia telangiectasia? A. ab B. bd C. ca D. de Answer: D. de " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All are true about streptococcus Except? A)M-protein is responsible for production of mucoid colonies B)M-protein is responsible for virulence C)Mucoid colonies are virulent D)Classified based on their haemolytic propeies. Answer:A- M-protein is responsible for production of mucoid colonies Mucoid colonies are due to the production of the capsule of hyaluronic acid not due to M-protein. Growth characteristic of Strep. pyogenes: On blood agar, virulent stains form matt or mucoid colonies while avirulent from glossy colonies. M, T, R are proteins found on the outer pa of the cell wall and forms the basis of Griffith classification. M protein - acts as virulence factor and antibody against it is protective. T and R protein - No relation to virulence Ref : 208 "," All are true about streptococcus Except? A. M-protein is responsible for production of mucoid colonies B. M-protein is responsible for virulence C. Mucoid colonies are virulent D. Classified based on their haemolytic propeies. Answer: A. M-protein is responsible for production of mucoid colonies " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Palpable purpura is seen in –? PAN ITP TTP DIC Answer: A.PAN "," Palpable purpura is seen in –? A. PAN B. ITP C. TTP D. DIC Answer: A. PAN " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -A 10-year-old male child with sho stature presented to the pediatric OPD with complaints of frequent headaches over the past 6 months along with slowly progressive loss of vision of the right eye. Lately the child has also staed having trouble in walking along with frequent mood changes and excessive thirst. MRI brain showed a tumour in the sellar region which was resected. HPE examination showed reticular epithelial cells that have appearances reminiscent of the enamel pulp of developing teeth along with calcifications and wet keratin nodules. The gene involved in causing the above condition is also involved in causing which other condition:? -Hepatocellular carcinoma -Melanoma -Neuroblastoma -CML Answer: A Hepatocellular carcinoma "," A 10-year-old male child with sho stature presented to the pediatric OPD with complaints of frequent headaches over the past 6 months along with slowly progressive loss of vision of the right eye. Lately the child has also staed having trouble in walking along with frequent mood changes and excessive thirst. MRI brain showed a tumour in the sellar region which was resected. HPE examination showed reticular epithelial cells that have appearances reminiscent of the enamel pulp of developing teeth along with calcifications and wet keratin nodules. The gene involved in causing the above condition is also involved in causing which other condition:? A. Hepatocellular carcinoma B. Melanoma C. Neuroblastoma D. CML Answer: A. Hepatocellular carcinoma " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Two or more parallel vertical surfaces of abutment teeth shaped to direct the prosthesis during placement and removal, are known as? A.Orientation plane B.Parallel block out C.Survey lines D.Guiding planes Answer:D. Guiding planes "," Two or more parallel vertical surfaces of abutment teeth shaped to direct the prosthesis during placement and removal, are known as? A. Orientation plane B. Parallel block out C. Survey lines D. Guiding planes Answer: D. Guiding planes " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Splenectomy is most useful in? -Thrombocytopenia -Hereditary spherocytosis -H.S. purpura -Sickle cell anemia Answer: b: Hereditary spherocytosis "," Splenectomy is most useful in? A. Thrombocytopenia B. Hereditary spherocytosis C. H.S. purpura D. Sickle cell anemia Answer: B. Hereditary spherocytosis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Growth hormone has its effect on growth through? A.Directly B.IG1-1 C.Thyroxine D.Intranuclear receptors Answer:B. IG1-1 Ans. is 'b' i.e., IGI-1GH has two major functions :-i) Growth of skeletal system :- The growth is mediated by somatomedins (IGF). Increased deposition of cailage (including chondroitin sulfate) and bone with increased proliferation of chondrocytes and osteocytes.ii) Metabolic effects :- Most of the metabolic effects are due to direct action of GH. These include gluconeogenesis, decreased peripheral utilization of glucose (decreased uptake), lipolysis and anabolic effect on proteins. "," Growth hormone has its effect on growth through? A. Directly B. IG1-1 C. Thyroxine D. Intranuclear receptors Answer: B. IG1-1 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The normal range of total serum bilirubin is? a,0.2-1.2 mg/100 ml b1.5-1.8 mg/100 ml,c.2.0-4.0 mg/100 ml,d. Above 7.0 mg/100 ml Answer: a, 0.2-1.2 mg/100 ml "," The normal range of total serum bilirubin is? A. 0.2-1.2 mg/100 ml B. 1.5-1.8 mg/100 ml C. 2.0-4.0 mg/100 ml D. Above 7.0 mg/100 ml Answer: A. 0.2-1.2 mg/100 ml " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Not a branch of external carotid aery:? 1 Superior thyroid 2 Ophthalmic 3 Lingual 4 Ascending pharyngeal Answer: Ophthalmic Branch of ECA: - Superior thyroid aery Lingual aery Facial aery Anteriorly Ascending pharyngeal aery medially Occipital aery Posteriorly Posterior auricular aery Superficial temporal aery Maxillary aery Terminal aery Branches of ICA Ophthalmic aery Anterior choroidal aery Anterior cerebral Middle cerebral Posterior communication aery. "," Not a branch of external carotid aery:? A. Superior thyroid B. Ophthalmic C. Lingual D. Ascending pharyngeal Answer: B. Ophthalmic " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is false about mucocele of gallbladder? Complication of gallstones Treatment is early cholecystectomy Obstruction at neck of gallbladder Gallbladder is never palpable Answer: d "," Which of the following is false about mucocele of gallbladder? A. Complication of gallstones B. Treatment is early cholecystectomy C. Obstruction at neck of gallbladder D. Gallbladder is never palpable Answer: D. Gallbladder is never palpable " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All are clinical features of chalcosis except? a)Kayser - Fleischer ring b)Sun - flower cataract c)Deposition of golden plaques at the posterior pole d)Dalen- fuch's nodules. Answer:d, Dalen- fuch's nodules. Dalen - fuch's nodules are formed due to proliferation of the pigment epithelium ----- sympathetic ophthalmitis. "," All are clinical features of chalcosis except? A. Kayser - Fleischer ring B. Sun - flower cataract C. Deposition of golden plaques at the posterior pole D. Dalen- fuch's nodules. Answer: D. Dalen- fuch's nodules. " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Bullet that leaves a visible mark in its flight so that person can see the path is? -Tandem bullet -Tracer bullet -Dum-dum bullet -Incendiary bullet Answer: b "," Bullet that leaves a visible mark in its flight so that person can see the path is? A. Tandem bullet B. Tracer bullet C. Dum-dum bullet D. Incendiary bullet Answer: B. Tracer bullet " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Familial adenomatous polyposis is characterized by all except? A)Autosomal recessive transmission B)More than 100 polyps in colorectal area C)Polyps seen in duodenum D)Extra-intestinal manifestations are present Answer:A- Autosomal recessive transmission Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) Is a rare, inherited condition caused by a defect in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene - located in 5q 21 chromosome. FAP is autosomal dominant- >50% chance of inheritance in family members Has > 100 adenomatous polyps 100% RISK of malignancy Polyp formation - by 15 yrs. 100% develop malignancy - by 40 yrs. TOC: Total proctocolectomy + ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (TPC + IPAA) M/C/C of death after TPC = Peri-ampullary Ca (polyps in duodenum - periampullary region) Two variants of FAP Gardner's syndrome Osteoma (mandible) Congenital hyperophy of the retinal pigmented epithelium (CHRPE) lesions Sebaceous cysts Benign lymphoid polyposis of ileum Desmoid tumors Supernumerary teeth Turcot's syndrome: Brain tumors Medulloblastoma - m/c associated with FAP Glioblastoma multiforme - m/c associated with HNPCC "," Familial adenomatous polyposis is characterized by all except? A. Autosomal recessive transmission B. More than 100 polyps in colorectal area C. Polyps seen in duodenum D. Extra-intestinal manifestations are present Answer: A. Autosomal recessive transmission " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Length of umbilical cord is? A)40-50 cms B)60- 120 cms C)30-100 cms D)25-40 cms Answer:C, 30-100 cms "," Length of umbilical cord is? A. 40-50 cms B. 60- 120 cms C. 30-100 cms D. 25-40 cms Answer: C. 30-100 cms " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Lipids are transferred from intestine to liver by? Chylomicrons VLDL HDL LDL Answer: A, Chylomicrons "," Lipids are transferred from intestine to liver by? A. Chylomicrons B. VLDL C. HDL D. LDL Answer: A. Chylomicrons " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Acute appendicitis is best diagnosed by? a)History b)Physical examination c)X-ray abdomen d)Ba meal Answer:b, Physical examination "," Acute appendicitis is best diagnosed by? A. History B. Physical examination C. X-ray abdomen D. Ba meal Answer: B. Physical examination " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Bakers cyst is a type of? a-Pulsion diveiculum of knee joint b-Retention cyst c-Bursitis d-Benign tumor Answer:a, Pulsion diveiculum of knee joint "," Bakers cyst is a type of? A. Pulsion diveiculum of knee joint B. Retention cyst C. Bursitis D. Benign tumor Answer: A. Pulsion diveiculum of knee joint " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Macrophage is? -Monocytes -Eosinophils -Neutrophils -Lymphocytes Answer: A: Monocytes "," Macrophage is? A. Monocytes B. Eosinophils C. Neutrophils D. Lymphocytes Answer: A. Monocytes " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 49-year-old female taking ibuprofen for increasing joint pain in her hands presents with increasing pain in her midsternal area. Gastroscopy reveals multiple, scattered, punctate hemorrhagic areas in her gastric mucosa. Biopsies from one of these hemorrhagic lesions reveal mucosal erosions with edema and hemorrhage. No mucosal ulceration is seen.? A)Active chronic gastritis B)Acute gastritis C)Autoimmune gastritis D)Chronic gastritis Answer:B- Acute gastritis Gastritis is a nonspecific term that describes any inflammation of the gastric mucosa. Acute gastritis refers to the clinical situation of gastric mucosal erosions (not mucosal ulcers). Acute gastritis is also known as hemorrhagic gastritis or acute erosive gastritis. Acute gastritis is associated with the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and coicosteroids, and also with alcohol, chemotherapy, ischemia, shock, and even severe stress. Two types of stress ulcers are Curling's ulcers, seen in patients with severe burns, and Cushing's ulcers, seen in patients with intracranial lesions. Grossly acute gastritis appears as multiple, scattered, punctate (less than 1 cm) hemorrhagic areas in the gastric mucosa. This is helpful in differentiating acute gastritis from peptic ulcers, which tend to be solitary and larger. Microscopically the gastric mucosa from a patient with acute gastritis is likely to reveal mucosal erosions, scattered neutrophils, edema, and possibly hemorrhage. Acute gastritis. Erosion and complete effacement of the epithelium is observed. The residual glands, on the left, display regenerative changes with basophilic epithelium. Reference: Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9edition "," A 49-year-old female taking ibuprofen for increasing joint pain in her hands presents with increasing pain in her midsternal area. Gastroscopy reveals multiple, scattered, punctate hemorrhagic areas in her gastric mucosa. Biopsies from one of these hemorrhagic lesions reveal mucosal erosions with edema and hemorrhage. No mucosal ulceration is seen.? A. Active chronic gastritis B. Acute gastritis C. Autoimmune gastritis D. Chronic gastritis Answer: B. Acute gastritis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: One of the following is an agglutination test in the diagnosis of typhoid? a,Wide test bEleks test,c.Mantoux test,d. Wasserman test Answer: a, Wide test "," One of the following is an agglutination test in the diagnosis of typhoid? A. Wide test B. Eleks test C. Mantoux test D. Wasserman test Answer: A. Wide test " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -The posterior cord of the Brachial plexus contains all except? -Long thoracic nerve of Bell -Axillary -Radial -Upper subscapular Answer: A: Long thoracic nerve of Bell "," The posterior cord of the Brachial plexus contains all except? A. Long thoracic nerve of Bell B. Axillary C. Radial D. Upper subscapular Answer: A. Long thoracic nerve of Bell " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Time taken for capacitation of sperms is? -2-4 hours -4-6 hours -6-8 hours -8-10 hours Answer: c: 6-8 hours "," Time taken for capacitation of sperms is? A. 2-4 hours B. 4-6 hours C. 6-8 hours D. 8-10 hours Answer: C. 6-8 hours " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Demography deals with all except? a,Mortality bFertility,c.Morbidity,d. Marriage Answer: c, Morbidity "," Demography deals with all except? A. Mortality B. Fertility C. Morbidity D. Marriage Answer: C. Morbidity " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Reverse Coarctation is seen in? A)Giant cell arteritis B)Takayasu arteritis C)Polyarteritis nodosa D)Microscopic polyangitis Answer:B, Takayasu arteritis "," Reverse Coarctation is seen in? A. Giant cell arteritis B. Takayasu arteritis C. Polyarteritis nodosa D. Microscopic polyangitis Answer: B. Takayasu arteritis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Hypercalcemia is most commonly associated in which of the following cancers? 1 Renal cell cancer 2 Carcinoma stomach 3 Squamous cell carcinoma of lung 4 Hepatocellular carcinoma Answer: Squamous cell carcinoma of lung The most common neoplasm associated with hypercalcemia is squamous cell carcinoma. Other tumors often associated with paraneoplastic hypercalcemia are carcinomas of the lung, kidney, breast and ovary. Paraneoplastic hypercalcemia is caused by parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHRP) secreted by these tumours. PTHRP increases bone resorp-tion and renal calcium uptake, while inhibiting renal phosphate transpo, effects that raise serum calcium levels. "," Hypercalcemia is most commonly associated in which of the following cancers? A. Renal cell cancer B. Carcinoma stomach C. Squamous cell carcinoma of lung D. Hepatocellular carcinoma Answer: C. Squamous cell carcinoma of lung " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Calorie requirement per day of a child weighing 15 kg would be? 1150 kcal 1250 kcal 1450 kcal 1550 kcal Answer: B, 1250 kcal "," Calorie requirement per day of a child weighing 15 kg would be? A. 1150 kcal B. 1250 kcal C. 1450 kcal D. 1550 kcal Answer: B. 1250 kcal " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following about phenytoin is true ? a - It follows zero order kinetics b - Not an hepatic enzyme inducer c - It is excreted unchanged in urine d - It is not teratogenic Answer: It follows zero order kinetics "," Which of the following about phenytoin is true ? A. It follows zero order kinetics B. Not an hepatic enzyme inducer C. It is excreted unchanged in urine D. It is not teratogenic Answer: A. It follows zero order kinetics " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -All cause viral hepatitis except? -Measles -EBV -Rhinovirus -Reovirus Answer: c "," All cause viral hepatitis except? A. Measles B. EBV C. Rhinovirus D. Reovirus Answer: C. Rhinovirus " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is freely filtered by kidney across glomerular capillariesa) Albumin (across glomerular capillaries)b) Globulinc) Creatinined) HCO3 e) Glucose? A.cde B.acd C.bde D.ade Answer:A. cde "," Which of the following is freely filtered by kidney across glomerular capillariesa) Albumin (across glomerular capillaries)b) Globulinc) Creatinined) HCO3 e) Glucose? A. cde B. acd C. bde D. ade Answer: A. cde " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 70-year-old man comes to casualty with urinary retention and back pain. Which investigation should be performed? a - Serum acid phosphatase b - Serum Calcium c - Serum alkaline phosphatase d - Serum electrophoresis Answer: Serum acid phosphatase "," A 70-year-old man comes to casualty with urinary retention and back pain. Which investigation should be performed? A. Serum acid phosphatase B. Serum Calcium C. Serum alkaline phosphatase D. Serum electrophoresis Answer: A. Serum acid phosphatase " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Following death of a person, what happens to potassium level in the vitreous.? A.Potassium level falls B.Potassium level increases C.Remains unchanged D.It depends on cause of death Answer:B. Potassium level increases "," Following death of a person, what happens to potassium level in the vitreous.? A. Potassium level falls B. Potassium level increases C. Remains unchanged D. It depends on cause of death Answer: B. Potassium level increases " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All of the following statements about neuromuscular blockage produced by succinylcholine are true, except? a-No fade on Train of four stimulation b-Fade on tetanic stimulation c-No post tetanic facilitation d-Train of four ratio > 0.4 Answer:b, Fade on tetanic stimulation "," All of the following statements about neuromuscular blockage produced by succinylcholine are true, except? A. No fade on Train of four stimulation B. Fade on tetanic stimulation C. No post tetanic facilitation D. Train of four ratio > 0.4 Answer: B. Fade on tetanic stimulation " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Persistent and inappropriate repetition of response beyond the point of relevance is called? a,Thought insertion bThought block,c.Perseveration,d. Neologism Answer: c, Perseveration "," Persistent and inappropriate repetition of response beyond the point of relevance is called? A. Thought insertion B. Thought block C. Perseveration D. Neologism Answer: C. Perseveration " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following results in increase in secretion of ADH? A)Hypervolemia B)Hypeension C)Hypovolemia D)Decrease osmolarity Answer:C, Hypovolemia "," Which of the following results in increase in secretion of ADH? A. Hypervolemia B. Hypeension C. Hypovolemia D. Decrease osmolarity Answer: C. Hypovolemia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -NARP syndrome is seen in? -A. Mitochondrial diseases -B. Glycogen storage diseases -C. Lysosomal storage diseases -D. Lipid storage diseases Answer: A A. Mitochondrial diseases "," NARP syndrome is seen in? A. A. Mitochondrial diseases B. B. Glycogen storage diseases C. C. Lysosomal storage diseases D. D. Lipid storage diseases Answer: A. A. Mitochondrial diseases " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which is True about dobutamine? 1 Dobutamine decreases peripheral resistance 2 Acts on D1 and D2 receptors 3 Decrease kidney circulation 4 Has no effect on coronary circulation Answer: Dobutamine decreases peripheral resistance Ref: HL Sharma 3rd ed pg no: 177 Dobutamine is a derivative of dopamine and is a selective beta1 agonist. It causes an increase in the force of contraction without a significant increase in hea rate. It also produces some vasodilatation by stimulating the beta 2 receptors. It doesn't decrease kidney circulation. "," Which is True about dobutamine? A. Dobutamine decreases peripheral resistance B. Acts on D1 and D2 receptors C. Decrease kidney circulation D. Has no effect on coronary circulation Answer: A. Dobutamine decreases peripheral resistance " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Biochemical analytes measured in the triple test are all the following Except? a)hCG b)AFP c)Unconjugated estriol d)Inhibin A Answer:d, Inhibin A Second-Trimester ScreeningPregnancies with fetal Down syndrome are characterized by lower maternal serum AFP levels--approximately 0.7 MoM, higher hCG levels--approximately 2.0 MoM, and lower unconjugated estriol levels--approximately 0.8 MoM. This triple test can detect 61 to 70 percent of Down syndrome.Levels of all three markers are decreased in the setting of trisomy 18.Ref: William&;s Obstetrics; 24th edition; Chapter 14 "," Biochemical analytes measured in the triple test are all the following Except? A. hCG B. AFP C. Unconjugated estriol D. Inhibin A Answer: D. Inhibin A " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All of the following are aerial supply of sternocileidomastoid muscle, except? Posterior auricular aery Occipital aery Thyrocervical trunk Superior thyroid aery Answer: A.Posterior auricular aery "," All of the following are aerial supply of sternocileidomastoid muscle, except? A. Posterior auricular aery B. Occipital aery C. Thyrocervical trunk D. Superior thyroid aery Answer: A. Posterior auricular aery " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which is the cause of hemolysis in G6-PD deficiency? 1 Hemoglobin defect 2 Oxidative stress 3 Membrane defect 4 Vitamin B12 deficiency Answer:2 - Oxidative stress Ans. is 'b' i.e., Oxidative stress * Normally RBCs are protected from oxidant injury by reduced glutathione. Reduced glutathione is generated from oxidized glutathione and the reducing equivalent for this reaction is provided by NADPH. This NADPH is generated in HMP shunt by enzyme Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, while oxidizing glucose-6-phosphate.* If G6PD is deficient, NADPH production will be reduced that results in increased susceptibility of RBC to oxidative damage because of unavailability of reduced glutathione. So, whenever there is oxidant stress, e.g. by drugs, infection or foods, hemolysis occurs. G6PD deficiency causes episodic intravascular and extravascular hemolysis. "," Which is the cause of hemolysis in G6-PD deficiency? A. Hemoglobin defect B. Oxidative stress C. Membrane defect D. Vitamin B12 deficiency Answer: B. Oxidative stress " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Characteristics of Remifentanyl – a) Metabolised by plasma esteraseb) Short half lifec) More potent than Alfentanyld) Dose reduced in hepatic and renal diseasee) Duration of action more than Alfentanyl? A.ab B.bc C.abc D.bcd Answer:C. abc Remifentanil is the shortest acting opioid due to its metabolism by plasma esterase → dose adjustment is not needed in liver or kidney disease. It is more potent than alfentanil : Order of potency is Sufentanil > Fentanyl = Remifentanil > Alfentanil. "," Characteristics of Remifentanyl – a) Metabolised by plasma esteraseb) Short half lifec) More potent than Alfentanyld) Dose reduced in hepatic and renal diseasee) Duration of action more than Alfentanyl? A. ab B. bc C. abc D. bcd Answer: C. abc " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: SLE like reaction is caused by? a-Hydralazine b-Rifampicin c-Paracetamol d-Furosemide Answer:a, Hydralazine "," SLE like reaction is caused by? A. Hydralazine B. Rifampicin C. Paracetamol D. Furosemide Answer: A. Hydralazine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Gene involved in Cowden syndrome is? A.P53 B.PTEN C.RB D.Ras Answer:B. PTEN "," Gene involved in Cowden syndrome is? A. P53 B. PTEN C. RB D. Ras Answer: B. PTEN " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A child is admitted with scarlet fever. What clinical findings should the nurse expect? (select all that apply) A. White strawberry tongue progressing to a red strawberry tongue B. Viral agent C. Koplik spots D. Red maculopapular rash spreading cephalocaudal E. Abrupt fever , headache, chills and malaise Answer: A,D,E "," A child is admitted with scarlet fever. What clinical findings should the nurse expect? (select all that apply) A. White strawberry tongue progressing to a red strawberry tongue B. Viral agent C. Koplik spots D. Red maculopapular rash spreading cephalocaudal E. Abrupt fever , headache, chills and malaise Answer: A. White strawberry tongue progressing to a red strawberry tongue, D. Red maculopapular rash spreading cephalocaudal, E. Abrupt fever , headache, chills and malaise " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Cicatrial Alopecia is seen in? A)Tenia Capitis B)Psoriasis C)DLE D)Alopecia Aereta Answer:C, DLE "," Cicatrial Alopecia is seen in? A. Tenia Capitis B. Psoriasis C. DLE D. Alopecia Aereta Answer: C. DLE " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Head of sperm is derived from? Golgi Body. Nucleus Mitochondria. Centromere Answer: B, Nucleus "," Head of sperm is derived from? A. Golgi Body. B. Nucleus C. Mitochondria. D. Centromere Answer: B. Nucleus " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Which disease doesn't require chemoprophylaxis? -Measles -Conjunctivitis -Cholera -Malaria Answer: A Measles "," Which disease doesn't require chemoprophylaxis? A. Measles B. Conjunctivitis C. Cholera D. Malaria Answer: A. Measles " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Child with mild squint. Intrauterine, bih history, developmental history till date all normal. Corneal reflex normal. All other eye parameters normal except exaggerated epicanthal fold. Diagnosis ? A)Pseudostrabismus B)Accomodative squint C)Exophoria D)Esophoria Answer:A- Pseudostrabismus Ans. is 'a' i.e., Pseudostrabismus Epicantnic fold causes Pseudoesotropia (Pseudostrabismus). "," Child with mild squint. Intrauterine, bih history, developmental history till date all normal. Corneal reflex normal. All other eye parameters normal except exaggerated epicanthal fold. Diagnosis ? A. Pseudostrabismus B. Accomodative squint C. Exophoria D. Esophoria Answer: A. Pseudostrabismus " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -All of the following activities of Junior Red cross except –? -Military hospital worker -Village uplift -Prevent epidemic work -Any of the above Answer: A Military hospital worker "," All of the following activities of Junior Red cross except –? A. Military hospital worker B. Village uplift C. Prevent epidemic work D. Any of the above Answer: A. Military hospital worker " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: 3-year-old child comes in ER with Hv'o vomiting, loose watery motion for 3 days, on examination, the child was drowsy, sunken eye. Hypothermia and skin pinch take time to revert back, diagnosis? a)No dehydration b)Mild dehydration c)Some dehydration d)Severe dehydration Answer:d, Severe dehydration on  A child with severe dehydration will have at least two of the following four signs: sensorium is abnormally sleepy or lethargic, sunken eyes, drinking poorly or not at all, and a very slow skin pinch. A child with some signs of dehydraon will have two of the following: restlessness or irritability, sunken eyes, drinking eagerly or slow skin pinch. A child with either one or none of these signs is classified as having no signs of death "," 3-year-old child comes in ER with Hv'o vomiting, loose watery motion for 3 days, on examination, the child was drowsy, sunken eye. Hypothermia and skin pinch take time to revert back, diagnosis? A. No dehydration B. Mild dehydration C. Some dehydration D. Severe dehydration Answer: D. Severe dehydration " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The most important action of Secretin is to? 1 neutralize the acid from the stomach 2 increase secretion of bicarbonates by pancreas 3 decrease gastric secretion 4 cause contraction of pyloric sphincter Answer: increase secretion of bicarbonates by pancreas Main Action of Secretin: Secretin increases the secretion of bicarbonate by the duct cells of the pancreas and biliary tract. It thus causes the secretion of a watery, alkaline pancreatic juice (with high content of bicarbonate). Its action on pancreatic duct cells is mediated via cAMP. Secretin causes alkaline pancreatic juice to flood into the duodenum, neutralizing the acid from the stomach and thus inhibiting further secretion of the hormone - feedback control. Other actions: Inhibits gastric juice secretion. Inhibits gastric motility. Causes contraction of pyloric sphincter. Augments the potency of action of cholecystokinin on pancreatic secretion. "," The most important action of Secretin is to? A. neutralize the acid from the stomach B. increase secretion of bicarbonates by pancreas C. decrease gastric secretion D. cause contraction of pyloric sphincter Answer: B. increase secretion of bicarbonates by pancreas " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Function of external oblique muscle? a - Anterior flexion of veebral column b - Active expiration c - Closure of inguinal ring d - All of the above Answer: All of the above "," Function of external oblique muscle? A. Anterior flexion of veebral column B. Active expiration C. Closure of inguinal ring D. All of the above Answer: D. All of the above " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -All the following are cyanotic hea disease except? -TOF -PDA -Tricuspid atresia -Eisenmenger's complex Answer: B PDA "," All the following are cyanotic hea disease except? A. TOF B. PDA C. Tricuspid atresia D. Eisenmenger's complex Answer: B. PDA " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Apoptotic bodies are? Clumped chromatin bodies Pyknotic nucleus without organelles Cell membrane bound with organelles No nucleus with organelles Answer: c "," Apoptotic bodies are? A. Clumped chromatin bodies B. Pyknotic nucleus without organelles C. Cell membrane bound with organelles D. No nucleus with organelles Answer: C. Cell membrane bound with organelles " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 40-year-old man presents with 5 days of productive cough and fever. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is isolated from a pulmonary abscess. CBC shows an acute effect characterized by marked leukocytosis (50,000/mL) and the differential count reveals shift to left in granulocytes. Which of the following terms best describes these hematologic findings? a)Leukemoid reaction b)Leukopenia c)Myeloid metaplasia d)Neutrophilia Answer:a, Leukemoid reaction Circulating levels of leukocytes and their precursors may occasionally reach very high levels (>50,000 WBC/mL). These extreme elevations are sometimes called leukemoid reactions because they are similar to the white cell counts observed in leukemia, from which they must be distinguished. The leukocytosis occurs initially because of accelerated release of granulocytes from the bone marrow (caused by cytokines, including TNF and IL-1) There is a rise in the number of both mature and immature neutrophils in the blood, referred to as a shift to the left. In contrast to bacterial infections, viral infections (including infectious mononucleosis) are characterized by lymphocytosis Parasitic infestations and ceain allergic reactions cause eosinophilia, an increase in the number of circulating eosinophils. Leukopenia is defined as an absolute decrease in the circulating WBC count. "," A 40-year-old man presents with 5 days of productive cough and fever. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is isolated from a pulmonary abscess. CBC shows an acute effect characterized by marked leukocytosis (50,000/mL) and the differential count reveals shift to left in granulocytes. Which of the following terms best describes these hematologic findings? A. Leukemoid reaction B. Leukopenia C. Myeloid metaplasia D. Neutrophilia Answer: A. Leukemoid reaction " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Platelets transfusion must be completed in how many hours after entering the bag? -1 hour -2 hour -3 hour -4 hour Answer: d: 4 hour "," Platelets transfusion must be completed in how many hours after entering the bag? A. 1 hour B. 2 hour C. 3 hour D. 4 hour Answer: D. 4 hour " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All of the following are seen in deep vein thrombosis except? 1 Pain 2 Discolouration 3 Swelling 4 Claudication Answer:4- Claudication "," All of the following are seen in deep vein thrombosis except? A. Pain B. Discolouration C. Swelling D. Claudication Answer: D. Claudication " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: which is not a radiographic finding of CHF? a - Kerley B lines b - Kerley A lines c - Cardiomegaly d - Oligemia Answer: Oligemia "," which is not a radiographic finding of CHF? A. Kerley B lines B. Kerley A lines C. Cardiomegaly D. Oligemia Answer: D. Oligemia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Case fatality rate describes? Communicability of infection History of disease Virulence of organism Contribution of a disease among all deaths Answer: C.Virulence of organism "," Case fatality rate describes? A. Communicability of infection B. History of disease C. Virulence of organism D. Contribution of a disease among all deaths Answer: C. Virulence of organism " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most common nerve involved in supracondylar fracture of humerus is? a,Radial nerve bUlnar nerve,c.Median nerve,d. Anterior interosseus Nerve Answer: d, Anterior interosseus Nerve "," Most common nerve involved in supracondylar fracture of humerus is? A. Radial nerve B. Ulnar nerve C. Median nerve D. Anterior interosseus Nerve Answer: D. Anterior interosseus Nerve " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Gamma Rays Are used in which Diagnostic Modality ? a,Fluoroscopy bCT Scan,c.MRI,d. Bone scan Answer: d, Bone scan "," Gamma Rays Are used in which Diagnostic Modality ? A. Fluoroscopy B. CT Scan C. MRI D. Bone scan Answer: D. Bone scan " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The most sensitive method for detecting cervical Chlamydia trachomatis infection is? A.Direct fluorescent antibody test B.Enzyme immunoassay C.Polymerase chain reaction D.Culture on irradiated McConkey cells Answer:C. Polymerase chain reaction "," The most sensitive method for detecting cervical Chlamydia trachomatis infection is? A. Direct fluorescent antibody test B. Enzyme immunoassay C. Polymerase chain reaction D. Culture on irradiated McConkey cells Answer: C. Polymerase chain reaction " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is a good prognostic factor in ALL? a-High WBC count b-Male sex c-Age < 2 years d-Hyperdiploidy Answer:d, Hyperdiploidy "," Which of the following is a good prognostic factor in ALL? A. High WBC count B. Male sex C. Age < 2 years D. Hyperdiploidy Answer: D. Hyperdiploidy " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Primordial prevention is done to prevent development of ? -Disease -Risk factors -Impairment -Disability Answer: b "," Primordial prevention is done to prevent development of ? A. Disease B. Risk factors C. Impairment D. Disability Answer: B. Risk factors " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: More than 90% patients of CREST syndrome with the limited cutaneous form of this disorder make which of the following autoantibodies? a)Anti-centromere b)Anti-DNA topoisomerase l c)Anti-double-stranded DNA d)Anti-Golgi Answer:a, Anti-centromere All forms of scleroderma are thought to have a strong autoimmune component, and glucocoicoids and azathioprine are used to suppress the inflammatory complications of scleroderma. (Other drugs that can be used in therapy include penicillamine, which inhibits collagen cross-linking, NSAIDS for pain, and ACE inhibitors to protect the kidney if hypeension or renal damage occurs). The anti-centromere antibody is quite specific for CREST syndrome (96% of cases), and is only seen in a minority of patients with diffuse scleroderma (mainly those with Raynaud's phenomenon) and rarely in systemic lupus erythematosus and mixed connective tissue disease.Also know:Anti-DNA topoisomerase I , also called anti-Scl-70 occurs commonly (64-75%) in diffuse scleroderma, but only rarely in CREST syndrome.Anti-double-stranded DNA is fairly specific for systemic lupus erythematosus, although it only occurs in 50-60% of lupus cases.Anti-Golgi antibodies are seen most often in systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjogren syndrome. Ref: Hellmann D.B., Imboden Jr. J.B. (2013). Chapter 20. Musculoskeletal & Immunologic Disorders. In M.A. Papadakis, S.J. McPhee, M.W. Rabow (Eds),CURRENT Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2013. "," More than 90% patients of CREST syndrome with the limited cutaneous form of this disorder make which of the following autoantibodies? A. Anti-centromere B. Anti-DNA topoisomerase l C. Anti-double-stranded DNA D. Anti-Golgi Answer: A. Anti-centromere " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is ceain in which of the following situations? a-Abnormal oral glucose tolerance in a 24-yrs-old woman who has been dieting b-Successive fasting plasma glucose concentrations of 8, 9, and 8.5 mmol/L in an asymptomatic, otherwise healthy businesswoman c-A serum glucose level >7.8 mmol/L in a woman in her twenty-fifth week of gestation after a 50-g oral glucose load d-Persistent asymptomatic glycosuria in a 30-yrs-old woman Answer:b, Successive fasting plasma glucose concentrations of 8, 9, and 8.5 mmol/L in an asymptomatic, otherwise healthy businesswoman "," The diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is ceain in which of the following situations? A. Abnormal oral glucose tolerance in a 24-yrs-old woman who has been dieting B. Successive fasting plasma glucose concentrations of 8, 9, and 8.5 mmol/L in an asymptomatic, otherwise healthy businesswoman C. A serum glucose level >7.8 mmol/L in a woman in her twenty-fifth week of gestation after a 50-g oral glucose load D. Persistent asymptomatic glycosuria in a 30-yrs-old woman Answer: B. Successive fasting plasma glucose concentrations of 8, 9, and 8.5 mmol/L in an asymptomatic, otherwise healthy businesswoman " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: True about leimyosarcoma breast? a,Axillary lymph mode dissection is mandatory bWell encapsulated,c.Follow up not required,d. Mastectomy is mainstay treatment Answer: b, Well encapsulated "," True about leimyosarcoma breast? A. Axillary lymph mode dissection is mandatory B. Well encapsulated C. Follow up not required D. Mastectomy is mainstay treatment Answer: B. Well encapsulated " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is true statement regarding human eye? A.Cornea cut off wavelength upto 400 nm B.Normal eye medium will permit wavelength of 400- 700 nm C.Even after cataract surgery UV rays are not penetrated D.Lens will not reflect light Answer:B. Normal eye medium will permit wavelength of 400- 700 nm Ans. b (normal rye medium will permit wavelength of 400- 700 ntn) Ref: yanoff 3rd ed p 383, internet sitesCornea and lens act as special filters absorbing the more energetic wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum that can damage the retina. Cornea absorbs wavelength below 295nm where as lens absorbs strongly in the long U V B (300 - 315) and most of the UV A (315 - 400) wave-lengths. Eye light transmittance is relatively high in the 400nm-700nm range. "," Which of the following is true statement regarding human eye? A. Cornea cut off wavelength upto 400 nm B. Normal eye medium will permit wavelength of 400- 700 nm C. Even after cataract surgery UV rays are not penetrated D. Lens will not reflect light Answer: B. Normal eye medium will permit wavelength of 400- 700 nm " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Infants of diabetic mothers are likely to have the following cardiac anomaly? Coarctation of aorta Fallot's tetralogy Ebstein's anomaly Transposition of great arteries Answer: d "," Infants of diabetic mothers are likely to have the following cardiac anomaly? A. Coarctation of aorta B. Fallot's tetralogy C. Ebstein's anomaly D. Transposition of great arteries Answer: D. Transposition of great arteries " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Repeat upper GI endoscopy in a patient with a gastric ulcer is performed after how many weeks of PPI therapy to assess the healing of the ulcer and confirm absence of malignancy? 2 weeks 4 weeks 6 weeks 12 weeks Answer: C, 6 weeks "," Repeat upper GI endoscopy in a patient with a gastric ulcer is performed after how many weeks of PPI therapy to assess the healing of the ulcer and confirm absence of malignancy? A. 2 weeks B. 4 weeks C. 6 weeks D. 12 weeks Answer: C. 6 weeks " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Best anaesthetic agent for out patient anasthesia is? Fentanyl Morphine Alfentanyl Penthidine Answer: C, Alfentanyl "," Best anaesthetic agent for out patient anasthesia is? A. Fentanyl B. Morphine C. Alfentanyl D. Penthidine Answer: C. Alfentanyl " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Pimozide belongs to class of? A)Thiothixanthene B)Phenothiazine C)Butyrophenone D)Diphenyl butyl piperidine Answer:D- Diphenyl butyl piperidine Thioxanthenes are flupenthioxol. Butyrophenones are haloperidol, trifluperidol , penfluridol. Phenothiazines are Chlorpromazine, triflupromazine , thioridazine, flufenazine. Promazine belongs to the group of other of other hetero cyclics that is diphenyl butyl piperidine. Ref: KD Tripathi 8th ed. "," Pimozide belongs to class of? A. Thiothixanthene B. Phenothiazine C. Butyrophenone D. Diphenyl butyl piperidine Answer: D. Diphenyl butyl piperidine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Cells occurring in greatest number in pulp are? -Cementoblasts -Fibroblasts -Osteoblasts -Ameloblasts Answer: b "," Cells occurring in greatest number in pulp are? A. Cementoblasts B. Fibroblasts C. Osteoblasts D. Ameloblasts Answer: B. Fibroblasts " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The post mortem report in case of death in police custody should be recorded as? A)Tape recording B)Video recording C)Photographic recording D)All Answer:B, Video recording "," The post mortem report in case of death in police custody should be recorded as? A. Tape recording B. Video recording C. Photographic recording D. All Answer: B. Video recording " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A patient with cervix cancer is missed by a screening test and later diagnosed with advanced disease. This time interval is called ? a-Lead time b-Screening time c-Serial interval d-Generation time Answer:a, Lead time "," A patient with cervix cancer is missed by a screening test and later diagnosed with advanced disease. This time interval is called ? A. Lead time B. Screening time C. Serial interval D. Generation time Answer: A. Lead time " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Quinine given to a patient of falciparum malaria caused sweating and palpitation, the likely cause is? A)Cinchonism B)Hyperglycemia C)Hypoglycemia D)Hypokalemia Answer:C, Hypoglycemia "," Quinine given to a patient of falciparum malaria caused sweating and palpitation, the likely cause is? A. Cinchonism B. Hyperglycemia C. Hypoglycemia D. Hypokalemia Answer: C. Hypoglycemia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Silicosis caused by ? A.Gold B.Coal C.CO D.Silica Answer:D. Silica "," Silicosis caused by ? A. Gold B. Coal C. CO D. Silica Answer: D. Silica " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Secondary retention for a removable partial denture is provided by? A.The indirect retainer B.The direct retainer C.Intimate contact between the denture bases and the underlying tissues D.Direct and indirect retainers Answer:C. Intimate contact between the denture bases and the underlying tissues "," Secondary retention for a removable partial denture is provided by? A. The indirect retainer B. The direct retainer C. Intimate contact between the denture bases and the underlying tissues D. Direct and indirect retainers Answer: C. Intimate contact between the denture bases and the underlying tissues " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The best laboratory test to use in the diagnosis of Lupus vulgaris in the oral cavity is? a - Bacterial smear b - Blood studies c - Biopsy d - Blood chemistry Answer: Biopsy "," The best laboratory test to use in the diagnosis of Lupus vulgaris in the oral cavity is? A. Bacterial smear B. Blood studies C. Biopsy D. Blood chemistry Answer: C. Biopsy " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Statuary rape is? A.Less than 15 years B.Less than 16 years C.Less than 18 years D.Less than 20 years Answer:C. Less than 18 years "," Statuary rape is? A. Less than 15 years B. Less than 16 years C. Less than 18 years D. Less than 20 years Answer: C. Less than 18 years " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The drug that inhibits uterine contractility and cause pulmonary edema is? Ritodrine Nifedipine lndomethacin Atosiban Answer: a "," The drug that inhibits uterine contractility and cause pulmonary edema is? A. Ritodrine B. Nifedipine C. lndomethacin D. Atosiban Answer: A. Ritodrine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A patient presents with erythematous scaly lesions on extensor aspect of elbows and knee. The clinical diagnosis is got by? 1 Auspitz sign 2 KOH smear 3 Tzanck smear 4 Skin biopsy Answer:1- Auspitz sign "," A patient presents with erythematous scaly lesions on extensor aspect of elbows and knee. The clinical diagnosis is got by? A. Auspitz sign B. KOH smear C. Tzanck smear D. Skin biopsy Answer: A. Auspitz sign " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All are true regarding fetal BBC's except –? 1 Elevated 2,3 DPG 2 Decreased carbonic anhydrase activity 3 Decreased life span 4 High RBC volume Answer:1- Elevated 2,3 DPG "," All are true regarding fetal BBC's except –? A. Elevated 2,3 DPG B. Decreased carbonic anhydrase activity C. Decreased life span D. High RBC volume Answer: A. Elevated 2,3 DPG " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Humans become infected by M.tuberculosis commonly by? Ingestion Contact Inhalation Inoculation Answer: c "," Humans become infected by M.tuberculosis commonly by? A. Ingestion B. Contact C. Inhalation D. Inoculation Answer: C. Inhalation " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 41 year old man presented with swelling over parotid area. He has only mild pain. Which is the commonest tumor of the parotid? Pleomorphic adenoma Monomorphic adenoma Wahin's tumor Adenocarcinoma Answer: a "," A 41 year old man presented with swelling over parotid area. He has only mild pain. Which is the commonest tumor of the parotid? A. Pleomorphic adenoma B. Monomorphic adenoma C. Wahin's tumor D. Adenocarcinoma Answer: A. Pleomorphic adenoma " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: OCP protects against all EXCEPT: September2012? a-Hepatic adenoma b-Fibroadenoma breast c-Carcinoma ovary d-Uterine malignancy Answer:a, Hepatic adenoma "," OCP protects against all EXCEPT: September2012? A. Hepatic adenoma B. Fibroadenoma breast C. Carcinoma ovary D. Uterine malignancy Answer: A. Hepatic adenoma " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Aldosterone acts at? 1 Collecting duct 2 Glomerulus 3 Proximal convoluted tubule 4 Loop of Henle Answer: Collecting duct Ans. A Collecting ductRef: Ganong, 23rd ed. pg. 648* Aldosterone is secreted from adrenal cortex.* Action of aldosterone is localized to distal tubule are collecting duct.* Mechanism: Stimulates Na+K+ ATPase at basolateral end which generate gradient for movement of sodium ion from apical membrane causing an increase in sodium: reabsorption. "," Aldosterone acts at? A. Collecting duct B. Glomerulus C. Proximal convoluted tubule D. Loop of Henle Answer: A. Collecting duct " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: An alcoholic is brought to the casualty, 3 days after he quit alcohol, with the complaints of irrelevant talking. On examination, he is found to be disoriented to time, place and person. He also has visual illusions and hallucinations. There is no history of head injury. The most probable diagnosis is? Schizophrenia Delirium tremens Dementia praecox Korsakoff psychosis Answer: B, Delirium tremens "," An alcoholic is brought to the casualty, 3 days after he quit alcohol, with the complaints of irrelevant talking. On examination, he is found to be disoriented to time, place and person. He also has visual illusions and hallucinations. There is no history of head injury. The most probable diagnosis is? A. Schizophrenia B. Delirium tremens C. Dementia praecox D. Korsakoff psychosis Answer: B. Delirium tremens " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -What is irregular astigmatism? -Perpendicular principal meridians -Non perpendicular principal meridians -Any of the above -None of the above Answer: B Non perpendicular principal meridians "," What is irregular astigmatism? A. Perpendicular principal meridians B. Non perpendicular principal meridians C. Any of the above D. None of the above Answer: B. Non perpendicular principal meridians " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Which of the following is indicated by the term 'mittelschmerz'? -Fern pattern of cervical mucus -Peritoneal irritation from corpus hemorrhagicum -Rise of body temperature due to effect of progesterone -LH surge before ovulation Answer: B Peritoneal irritation from corpus hemorrhagicum "," Which of the following is indicated by the term 'mittelschmerz'? A. Fern pattern of cervical mucus B. Peritoneal irritation from corpus hemorrhagicum C. Rise of body temperature due to effect of progesterone D. LH surge before ovulation Answer: B. Peritoneal irritation from corpus hemorrhagicum " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: ""Candle-wax spots"" in the retina are present in? A.Sarcoidosis B.Toxoplasmosis C.Syphilis D.Tuberculosis Answer:A. Sarcoidosis "," ""Candle-wax spots"" in the retina are present in? A. Sarcoidosis B. Toxoplasmosis C. Syphilis D. Tuberculosis Answer: A. Sarcoidosis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A tumor has the following characteristic retrobulbar location within the muscle cone, well defined capsule, presents with slowly progressive proptosis, easily resectable, occurs most commonly in the 2nd to 4th decade. Most likely diagnosis is? a)Capillary hemangioma b)Cavernous hemangioma c)Lymhangioma d)Hemangiopericytome Answer:b, Cavernous hemangioma Ref: Clinical ophthalmology 5th/e p.670 *Cavernous hemangioma is the most common benign, intraconal tumor in adults. *Hemangiopericytoma is also retrobulbar intraconal lesion found in adults but is a rare tumor. Moreover owing to its tendency to invade the adjacent tissues, its margins are less distinct than cavernous hemangioma. *Rest 2 options i.e. Dermoid and Capillary hemangioma are primarily extraconal lesions. "," A tumor has the following characteristic retrobulbar location within the muscle cone, well defined capsule, presents with slowly progressive proptosis, easily resectable, occurs most commonly in the 2nd to 4th decade. Most likely diagnosis is? A. Capillary hemangioma B. Cavernous hemangioma C. Lymhangioma D. Hemangiopericytome Answer: B. Cavernous hemangioma " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 7-day-old premature infant born at 26 weeks of gestation now has a grossly bloody stool, abdominal distention, and increasing oxygen requirements. choose the best initial diagnostic step in the evaluation of the patient's apparent GI hemorrhage.? Abdominal series Fiberoptic endoscopy Apt test Routine stool culture Answer: A, Abdominal series "," A 7-day-old premature infant born at 26 weeks of gestation now has a grossly bloody stool, abdominal distention, and increasing oxygen requirements. choose the best initial diagnostic step in the evaluation of the patient's apparent GI hemorrhage.? A. Abdominal series B. Fiberoptic endoscopy C. Apt test D. Routine stool culture Answer: A. Abdominal series " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most common type of mesentric cyst is? a)Entergenous cyst b)Chelolymphalic cyst c)O mental cyst d)Urogenital cyst Answer:b, Chelolymphalic cyst Chelolymphalic cyst : It is commonest type of mesentric cyst. It has congenital misplaced lymphatic tissue. "," Most common type of mesentric cyst is? A. Entergenous cyst B. Chelolymphalic cyst C. O mental cyst D. Urogenital cyst Answer: B. Chelolymphalic cyst " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which laser is used in the management of after cataracts? a - Argon b - Krypton c - Nd-YAG d - Excimer Answer: Nd-YAG "," Which laser is used in the management of after cataracts? A. Argon B. Krypton C. Nd-YAG D. Excimer Answer: C. Nd-YAG " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Acute Gouty ahritis is seen early in treatment following? A)Probenecid B)Allopurinol C)Rasburicase D)All of the above Answer:D, All of the above "," Acute Gouty ahritis is seen early in treatment following? A. Probenecid B. Allopurinol C. Rasburicase D. All of the above Answer: D. All of the above " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is not recommended in the treatment of Chronic Low Back Pain? NSAIDs Bed Rest for 3 months Exercises Epidural steroid Injection Answer: b "," Which of the following is not recommended in the treatment of Chronic Low Back Pain? A. NSAIDs B. Bed Rest for 3 months C. Exercises D. Epidural steroid Injection Answer: B. Bed Rest for 3 months " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: According to Spetzler-Main criteria, how much score is given for a 5 cm nidus with AV malformation? A)3 B)4 C)2 D)5 Answer:C, 2 "," According to Spetzler-Main criteria, how much score is given for a 5 cm nidus with AV malformation? A. 3 B. 4 C. 2 D. 5 Answer: C. 2 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -All of the following are carcinogenic except? -H. pylori -Hepatitis B virus -E.B. virus -Campylobacter Answer: d "," All of the following are carcinogenic except? A. H. pylori B. Hepatitis B virus C. E.B. virus D. Campylobacter Answer: D. Campylobacter " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is the Nysten's law? a-Cadaveric rigidity does not appear in hot humid conditions b-Cadaveric rigidity appears faster in older and the young than in middle age c-Cadaveric rigidity occurs in men earlier than in woman d-Cadaveric rigidity affects successively the masticatory muscles, those of the face and the neck, those of the trunk and arms and finally those of lower limbs rruk Answer:d, Cadaveric rigidity affects successively the masticatory muscles, those of the face and the neck, those of the trunk and arms and finally those of lower limbs rruk "," Which of the following is the Nysten's law? A. Cadaveric rigidity does not appear in hot humid conditions B. Cadaveric rigidity appears faster in older and the young than in middle age C. Cadaveric rigidity occurs in men earlier than in woman D. Cadaveric rigidity affects successively the masticatory muscles, those of the face and the neck, those of the trunk and arms and finally those of lower limbs rruk Answer: D. Cadaveric rigidity affects successively the masticatory muscles, those of the face and the neck, those of the trunk and arms and finally those of lower limbs rruk " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All the following are the risk factors for cervical cancer except? a-Young age at first intercourse b-Multiple sexual paners c-Low parity d-Low socioeconomic status Answer:c, Low parity "," All the following are the risk factors for cervical cancer except? A. Young age at first intercourse B. Multiple sexual paners C. Low parity D. Low socioeconomic status Answer: C. Low parity " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Recommended daily dietary requirment of folate (folic acid) in children ? a)80-120 mg b)200 mg c)400 mg d)600 mg Answer:a, 80-120 mg Ans. is 'a' i.e., 80-120 mg Recommended daily allowances of folic acid are:- Healthy adults - 200 micro gm.(mcg) Pregnancy - 500 mcg Lactation - 300 mcg Children - 80-120 mcg "," Recommended daily dietary requirment of folate (folic acid) in children ? A. 80-120 mg B. 200 mg C. 400 mg D. 600 mg Answer: A. 80-120 mg " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following statements about Kaposi sarcoma is not true? a - The most common site is scalp b - Lesions are dark blue or purple mostly c - They are usually multifocal d - Lymph nodes may be involved Answer: The most common site is scalp "," Which of the following statements about Kaposi sarcoma is not true? A. The most common site is scalp B. Lesions are dark blue or purple mostly C. They are usually multifocal D. Lymph nodes may be involved Answer: A. The most common site is scalp " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Osteoblastic secondaries arises from: March 2003? a-Renal carcinoma b-Thyroid carcinoma c-GIT carcinoma d-Prostate carcinoma Answer:d, Prostate carcinoma "," Osteoblastic secondaries arises from: March 2003? A. Renal carcinoma B. Thyroid carcinoma C. GIT carcinoma D. Prostate carcinoma Answer: D. Prostate carcinoma " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -A child with vesicoureteric reflex of grade 2 comes to OPD. What is the preferred treatment method? -Antibiotics -Observation -Sting operation -Ureteric reimplantation Answer: a "," A child with vesicoureteric reflex of grade 2 comes to OPD. What is the preferred treatment method? A. Antibiotics B. Observation C. Sting operation D. Ureteric reimplantation Answer: A. Antibiotics " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -All are cause of Respiratory distress in newborn and Ipsilateral shift of mediastinum? -Alelectasis -Lung collapse -Pulmonary hypoplasia -Hyaline membrane disease Answer: D: Hyaline membrane disease "," All are cause of Respiratory distress in newborn and Ipsilateral shift of mediastinum? A. Alelectasis B. Lung collapse C. Pulmonary hypoplasia D. Hyaline membrane disease Answer: D. Hyaline membrane disease " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Ortolani's test is done for? A.Congenial dislocation of the knee joints B.Congenital dislocation of the hip joints C.Congenital dislocation of the shoulder joints D.Congenital dislocation of the elbow joints Answer:B. Congenital dislocation of the hip joints B. i.e. (Congenital dislocation of hip joints) (410 - Apley 8th)Important Tests**Ortolani's and Barlow's test Galeazzi test (604 CDT 4th)Congenital dislocation of hip joints** Apprehension testRecurrent dislocation of shoulder joints* Bryant's Call ways Hamilton ruler testHamilton ruler testAnterior dislocation of shoulder joints* **Pivot-shift testAnterior cruciate ligament* Lachman testAnterior cruciate ligament* Drawer testCruciate ligament (Ant & Post)* **Mc-Murray's testMeniscus injury* Appley's grinding testMeniscus injury* **Thomas testHip flexion deformity* ** Ankle joint has LEAST chances for recurrent dislocations "," Ortolani's test is done for? A. Congenial dislocation of the knee joints B. Congenital dislocation of the hip joints C. Congenital dislocation of the shoulder joints D. Congenital dislocation of the elbow joints Answer: B. Congenital dislocation of the hip joints " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is the main enzyme responsible for activation of xenobiotics? A.Cytochrome P-450 B.Glucuronyl transferase C.Glutathione S-transferase D.NADPH cytochrome P-450-reductase Answer:A. Cytochrome P-450 Xenobiotics are compounds which may be accidently ingested or taken as drugs or compounds produced in the body by bacterial metabolism. The cytochrome P-450 enzyme family is involved in the biotransformation reaction of xenobiotics. They are heme containing membrane proteins localized in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of liver. They are so named because they absorb light at wavelength of 450nm, when exposed to carbon monoxide. Ref: Vasudevan Biochemistry, 3rd Edition, Pages 310-2 "," Which of the following is the main enzyme responsible for activation of xenobiotics? A. Cytochrome P-450 B. Glucuronyl transferase C. Glutathione S-transferase D. NADPH cytochrome P-450-reductase Answer: A. Cytochrome P-450 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Arrange the following 4 enzymes of gluconeogenesis in sequence: A. Pyruvate carboxylase B. Glucose - 6 - phosphatase C. Phosphoenol pyruvate carboxy kinase D. Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphatase? A)D-C-A-B B)A-C-D-B C)B-A-D-C D)C-D-B-A Answer:B- A-C-D-B "," Arrange the following 4 enzymes of gluconeogenesis in sequence: A. Pyruvate carboxylase B. Glucose - 6 - phosphatase C. Phosphoenol pyruvate carboxy kinase D. Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphatase? A. D-C-A-B B. A-C-D-B C. B-A-D-C D. C-D-B-A Answer: B. A-C-D-B " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following does not cause Insulin release? a)Rosiglitazone b)Nateglinide c)Glimipiride d)Tobutamide Answer:a, Rosiglitazone Ans. is 'a' i.e., Rosiglitazone o Oral hypoglycemic drugs may be divided into two groups. 1. Group 1 These drugs reduce plasma glucose by stimulating insulin production, therefore called insulin secretogogues. Hypoglycemia is a well known side effect. Examples are: i) Sulfonylureas: first generation (chlorpropamide, tobutamide); second generation (Glimipiride, glyburide, glipizide, gliclazide). ii) Megalitinnide/D-phenylalanine analogues: Nateglinide, Rapaglinide. 2. Group 2 These drugs reduce blood glucose without stimulating insulin production, therefore are insulin nonsecretogogues. These durgs do not cuase hypoglycemia when used alone and can cause hypoglycemia, only when used with other oral hypoglycemics. Examples are: i) Biguanides: Metformin, Phenformin ii) Thiazolidinediones: Rosiglitazone, Pioglitazone, Troglitazone. iii) alpha-glucosidase inhibitors: Acarbose, miglital. "," Which of the following does not cause Insulin release? A. Rosiglitazone B. Nateglinide C. Glimipiride D. Tobutamide Answer: A. Rosiglitazone " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Intrinsic factor of castle is secreted by which of the following cells in gastric glands? a-Chief cells b-Parietal cells c-Enterochromaffin cells d-B cells Answer:b, Parietal cells "," Intrinsic factor of castle is secreted by which of the following cells in gastric glands? A. Chief cells B. Parietal cells C. Enterochromaffin cells D. B cells Answer: B. Parietal cells " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Proposed guideline value for Radioactivity in drinking water is? A)Gross a activity 0.1 Bq/L and Gross b activity 1.0 Bq/L B)Gross a activity 1.0 Bq/L adn Gross b activity 0.1 Bq/L C)Gross a activity 1.0 Bq/L and Gross b activity 10.0 Bq/L D)Gross a activity 10 Bq/L and Gross b activity 1.0 Bq/L Answer:A- Gross a activity 0.1 Bq/L and Gross b activity 1.0 Bq/L Key guidelines aspects of WHO recommended drinking water quality: Colour <15 true colour units (TCU) Turbidity <1 nephlometric turbidity units (NTU) pH: 6.5-8.5 Total dissolved solids (TDS) <500 mg/Litre Zero pathogenic microorganisms Zero infectious viruses Absence of pathogenic protozoa and infective stages of helminthes Fluoride <1.0 ppm (0.5-0.8 ppm: Optimum level) Nitrates <45 mg/Litre Nitrites <3 mg/Litre Gross alpha radiological activity <0.5 Bq/Litre (new guidelines -WHO) Gross Beta radiological activity <1.0 Bq/Litre (new guidelines-WHO) Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno: 762 "," Proposed guideline value for Radioactivity in drinking water is? A. Gross a activity 0.1 Bq/L and Gross b activity 1.0 Bq/L B. Gross a activity 1.0 Bq/L adn Gross b activity 0.1 Bq/L C. Gross a activity 1.0 Bq/L and Gross b activity 10.0 Bq/L D. Gross a activity 10 Bq/L and Gross b activity 1.0 Bq/L Answer: A. Gross a activity 0.1 Bq/L and Gross b activity 1.0 Bq/L " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most common cause of gangrene of foot of 30 years old farmer who is a chronic smoker? Raynaud's disease Myocardial infarction Atherosclerosis Thromboangitis obliterans Answer: D, Thromboangitis obliterans "," Most common cause of gangrene of foot of 30 years old farmer who is a chronic smoker? A. Raynaud's disease B. Myocardial infarction C. Atherosclerosis D. Thromboangitis obliterans Answer: D. Thromboangitis obliterans " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: What is the dosage of retinol palmitate for early stages of xerophthalmia: September 2011? 1 90 mg orally on two successive days 2 100 mg orally on two successive days 3 110 mg orally on two successive days 4 120 mg orally on two successive days Answer: 110 mg orally on two successive days Ans. C: 110 mg orally on two successive days Nearly all of the early stages of xerophthalmia can be reversed by administration of a massive dose (2,00,000 IU or 110 mg of retinol palmitate) orally on 2 successive days Xerophthalmia/ Dry eyes Condition in which the eye fails to produce tears. Xerophthalmia caused by a severe vitamin A deficiency is described by pathologic dryness of the conjunctiva and * cornea. The conjunctiva becomes dry, thick and wrinkled. If untreated, it can lead to corneal ulceration and ultimately to blindness as a result of corneal damage. Xerophthalmia is a term that usually implies a destructive dryness of the conjunctival epithelium due to dietary vitamin A deficiency -- a rare condition in developed countries, but still causing much damage in developing countries. Other forms of dry eye are associated with aging, poor lid closure, scarring from previous injury, or autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid ahritis and SjOgren's syndrome, and these can all cause chronic conjunctivitis. Radioiodine therapy can also induce xerophthalmia, often transiently Xerophthalmia from hypovitaminosis A is specifically due to lack of the hormone-like vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid Treatment can occur in two ways: treating symptoms and treating the deficiency. Treatment of symptoms usually includes use of aificial tears in the form of eye drops, increasing the humidity of the environment with humidifiers, and wearing wrap around glasses when outdoors. Treatment of the deficiency can be accomplished with a Vitamin A or multivitamin supplement or by eating foods rich in Vitamin A. Treatment with supplements and/or diet can be successful until the disease progresses as far as corneal ulceration, at which point only an extreme surgery can offer a chance of returning sight. "," What is the dosage of retinol palmitate for early stages of xerophthalmia: September 2011? A. 90 mg orally on two successive days B. 100 mg orally on two successive days C. 110 mg orally on two successive days D. 120 mg orally on two successive days Answer: C. 110 mg orally on two successive days " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Aminoacyl t-RNA is not require for? Proline Lysine Hydroxy lysine Methionine Answer: c "," Aminoacyl t-RNA is not require for? A. Proline B. Lysine C. Hydroxy lysine D. Methionine Answer: C. Hydroxy lysine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Refsum's syndrome is associated with ? a-Retinitis pigmentosa b-Xerophthalmia c-Chalcosis d-Diabetes retinopathy Answer:a, Retinitis pigmentosa "," Refsum's syndrome is associated with ? A. Retinitis pigmentosa B. Xerophthalmia C. Chalcosis D. Diabetes retinopathy Answer: A. Retinitis pigmentosa " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: False rejection of a true null hypothesis is due to? Type II error Type I error Beta error Error of second kind Answer: B.Type I error "," False rejection of a true null hypothesis is due to? A. Type II error B. Type I error C. Beta error D. Error of second kind Answer: B. Type I error " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Main action of superior rectus? a,Extorsion bIntorsion,c.Elevation,d. Depression Answer: c, Elevation "," Main action of superior rectus? A. Extorsion B. Intorsion C. Elevation D. Depression Answer: C. Elevation " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -An elderly diabetic with excruciating pain in ear, appearance of granulation in meatus, skull base infection with facial paralysis should be treated with? -Penicillin -Ciprofloxacin -2nd generation ciphalosporin -Erythromycin Answer: A Penicillin "," An elderly diabetic with excruciating pain in ear, appearance of granulation in meatus, skull base infection with facial paralysis should be treated with? A. Penicillin B. Ciprofloxacin C. 2nd generation ciphalosporin D. Erythromycin Answer: A. Penicillin " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -The following drug has anxiolytic action with least sedation? -Buspirone -Triazolam -Alprazolam -Chlordiazepoxide Answer: a "," The following drug has anxiolytic action with least sedation? A. Buspirone B. Triazolam C. Alprazolam D. Chlordiazepoxide Answer: A. Buspirone " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Chemotherapeutic drugs can cause? A)Only necrosis B)Only apoptosis C)Both necrosis and apoptosis D)Anoikis Answer:C- Both necrosis and apoptosis Ans. is 'c' i.e., Both necrosis and apoptosis o Injurious stimuli, e.g., radiation, cytotoxic anticancer durgs, heat and hypoxia, can induce apoptosis if the insult is mild, but large doses of same stimuli result in necrotic cell death. "," Chemotherapeutic drugs can cause? A. Only necrosis B. Only apoptosis C. Both necrosis and apoptosis D. Anoikis Answer: C. Both necrosis and apoptosis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: SACD (Subacute combined degeneration of cord) is feature of which vitamin deficiency? 1 Vitamin A 2 Vitamin B6 3 Vitamin B9 4 Vitamin B12 Answer: Vitamin B12 Ans. d (Vitamin B12) (Ref. H - 17th/pg. Table 71-1).Vitamins: Major FunctionsVITAMINFUNCTIONVitamin AA component of visual pigment; Maintenance of specialized epithelia; Maintenance of resistance to infectionVitamin DFacilitates intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus and mineralization of boneVitamin EMajor antioxidant; scavenges free radicalsVitamin KCofactor in hepatic carboxylation of procoagulants--factors II (prothrombin), VII, IX, and X; and protein C and protein S.Vitamin B1 (thiamine)As pyrophosphate, is coenzyme in decarboxylation reactions. Converted to coenzymes flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide, cofactors for many enzymes in intermediary metabolismNiacinIncorporated into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and NAD phosphate, involved in a variety of redox reactionsVitamin B6 (pyridoxine)Derivatives serve as coenzymes in many intermediary reactionsVitamin B12Required for normal folate metabolism and DNA synthesis; Maintenance of myelinization of spinal cord tractsVitamin CServes in many oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions and hydroxylation of collagenFolateEssential for transfer and use of 1-carbon units in DNA synthesisPantothenic acidIncorporated in coenzyme ABiotinCofactor in carboxylation reactionsVitamin B12.introductionStored primarily in the liver. Very large reserve pool (several years). Synthesized only by microorganisms. Found only in animal products.FunctionCofactor for homocysteine methyltransferase (transfers CH3 groups as methylcobalamin) and methyimalonyl-CoA mutase. Abnormal myelin is seen in B12 deficiency, possibly due to | methionine or | methylmalonic acid (from metabolism of accumulated methylmalonyl-CoA).Causes of deficiencyVitamin B12 deficiency is usually caused by malabsorption (sprue, enteritis, Diphyllobothrium latum), lack of intrinsic factor (pernicious anemia, gastric bypass surgery), or absence of terminal ileum (Crohn's disease). Use Schilling test to detect the etiology of the deficiency.Deficiency featuresMacrocytic, megaloblastic anemia; neurologic symptoms (optic neuropathy, subacute combined degeneration, paresthesia); glossitis.PRINCIPAL CLINICAL FINDINGS OF VITAMIN MALNUTRITIONNutrientClinical findingDietary level per day associated with overt deficiency in adultsContributing factors to deficiencyThiamineBeriberi:Neuropathy,Muscle weakness and wasting, Cardiomegaly,Edema,Ophthalmoplegia,Confabulation<0.3 mg/1000 kcalAlcoholism, chronic diuretic use, hyperemesisRiboflavinMagenta tongue,Angular stomatitis,Seborrhea,Cheilosis<0.6 mg-NiacinPellagra:Dermatitis: Pigmented rash with silvery/ varnish-like scales of sun-exposed areas.Bright red beefy tongue.DiarrheaDementiaApathyDisorientationDeath (if untreated)<9.0 niacin equivalentsAlcoholism, vitamin B6 deficiency, riboflavin deficiency, tryptophan deficiencyVitamin B6SeborrheaGlossitisConvulsions (especially in neonates),Neuropathy,Depression,Confusion,Microcytic anemia<0.2 mgAlcoholism, isoniazid (most common cause)FolateMegaloblastic anemia,Atrophic glossitis,Depression, -Homocysteine<100 mg/dAlcoholism, sulfasalazine, pyrimethamine, triamtereneVitamin B12Megaloblastic anemia,SACD:Loss of vibratory and position sense, Abnormal gait,Dementia, impotence,Loss of bladder and bowel control, -homocysteine, -methylmalonic acid.<1.0 mg/dGastric atrophy (pernicious anemia), terminal ileal disease, strict vegetarianism, acid reducing drugs (e.g., H2 blockers)Vitamin CScurvy:petechiae, ecchymosis, coiled hairs, inflamed and bleeding gums, joint effusion, poor wound healing, fatigue, perifollicular hemorrhages, subperiosteal hematoma (Woody leg).<10 mg/dSmoking, alcoholismVitamin AXerophthalmia, night blindness, Bitot's spots,Follicular hyperkeratosis,Impaired embryonic development, Immune dysfunction<300 mg/dFat malabsorption, infection, measles, alcoholism, protein-energy malnutritionVitamin DRickets: skeletal deformation, rachitic rosary, bowed legs; osteomalacia<2.0 mg/dAging, lack of sunlight exposure, fat malabsorption, deeply pigmented skinVitamin EPeripheral neuropathy,Spinocerebellar ataxia,Skeletal muscle atrophy, retinopathyNot described unless underlying contributing factor is presentOccurs only with fat malabsorption, or genetic abnormalities of vitamin E metabolism/transportVitamin KElevated prothrombin time, bleeding<10 mg/dFat malabsorption, liver disease, antibiotic use "," SACD (Subacute combined degeneration of cord) is feature of which vitamin deficiency? A. Vitamin A B. Vitamin B6 C. Vitamin B9 D. Vitamin B12 Answer: D. Vitamin B12 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: After the death of the 78 years old male patient in a hospital , who was suffering from COPD. His relatives entered the hospital with heavy sharp weapons and damaged the hospital propey and stared abusing and beating the doctor as well as his staff, Violence against a medical practitioner is considered as? 1 Non-cognizable and non-bailable offense 2 Non-cognizable and bailable offense 3 Cognizable and bailable offense 4 Cognizable and non-bailable offense Answer: Cognizable and non-bailable offense Medical protection act: The Act, covering doctors affiliated to institutions as well as independent practitioners, outlaws attacks against physicians and damage to their propey. Offenders can get a jail term of up to 3 years and a fine of Rs 50,000. As per the medicare service persons and damage to propey in medicare service institutions (Prevention of violence and damage or loss to propey) Act , Violence against a registered medical practitioner is considered as a cognizable and non-bialable offence. "," After the death of the 78 years old male patient in a hospital , who was suffering from COPD. His relatives entered the hospital with heavy sharp weapons and damaged the hospital propey and stared abusing and beating the doctor as well as his staff, Violence against a medical practitioner is considered as? A. Non-cognizable and non-bailable offense B. Non-cognizable and bailable offense C. Cognizable and bailable offense D. Cognizable and non-bailable offense Answer: D. Cognizable and non-bailable offense " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Compared to the other leukemias, hairy cell leukemia is associated with which of the following infections? Parvovirus D19 Mycoplasma HTLV2 Salmonella Answer: C.HTLV2 "," Compared to the other leukemias, hairy cell leukemia is associated with which of the following infections? A. Parvovirus D19 B. Mycoplasma C. HTLV2 D. Salmonella Answer: C. HTLV2 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Sinus of Morgagni is between? 1 Middle constrictor and inferior constrictor 2 Middle constrictor and superior constrictor 3 Superior constrictor and skull 4 None of the above Answer: Superior constrictor and skull Sinus of Morgagni is a gap between the base of skull and the upper concave border of superior constrictor muscle. Structures passing through that are: Auditory tube, levator palati muscle, ascending palatine artery and palatine branch of the ascending pharyngeal artery. "," Sinus of Morgagni is between? A. Middle constrictor and inferior constrictor B. Middle constrictor and superior constrictor C. Superior constrictor and skull D. None of the above Answer: C. Superior constrictor and skull " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following impart structural durability in a three quarter crown preparation on a mandibular molar? Occlusal shoulder Functional cusp bevel Proximal groove All of the above Answer: D.All of the above "," Which of the following impart structural durability in a three quarter crown preparation on a mandibular molar? A. Occlusal shoulder B. Functional cusp bevel C. Proximal groove D. All of the above Answer: D. All of the above " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following condition is necessary prerequisite for this change? A.Rupture of membranes B.Scanty liquor amnii C.Adequate liquor amnii D.Air inside the uterine cavity Answer:C. Adequate liquor amnii Ans. (C). Adequate liquor amniiThe photograph shows maceration, a sign of intrauterine death.Conditions favoring maceration: Intact membranes; adequate liquor amnii & NO air. "," Which of the following condition is necessary prerequisite for this change? A. Rupture of membranes B. Scanty liquor amnii C. Adequate liquor amnii D. Air inside the uterine cavity Answer: C. Adequate liquor amnii " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Birbeck’s granules in the cytoplasm are seen in? -Langerhans cells -Mast cells -Myelocytes -Thrombocytes Answer: a "," Birbeck’s granules in the cytoplasm are seen in? A. Langerhans cells B. Mast cells C. Myelocytes D. Thrombocytes Answer: A. Langerhans cells " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which is not an aryl phosphate? 1 Parathion 2 TIK-20 3 Malathion 4 Paraoxon Answer: Malathion Organophosphate poisoning is the most common poisoning in India followed by aluminium phosphide. Organophosphorus compounds are classified as 1. Alkyl compounds -- such as tetraethyl pyrophosphate (TEPP), hexa ethyl tetraphosphate (HETP), octa methyl pyrophosphate (OMPA), malathion etc. 2. Aryl compounds -- such as parathion, chlorothion, diazinon (Tik-20), paraoxon etc. REF;THE SYNOPSIS OF FORENSIC MEDICINE:KS NARAYANA REDDY;28th EDITION;PAGE NO 291 "," Which is not an aryl phosphate? A. Parathion B. TIK-20 C. Malathion D. Paraoxon Answer: C. Malathion " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Which of the following is the most common benign neoplasm of liver? -Hepatic adenoma -Cavernous hemangioma -Lipoma -Nodular regenerative hyperplasia Answer: B: Cavernous hemangioma "," Which of the following is the most common benign neoplasm of liver? A. Hepatic adenoma B. Cavernous hemangioma C. Lipoma D. Nodular regenerative hyperplasia Answer: B. Cavernous hemangioma " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The most impoant prognostic factor of Wilms tumor? a-Histopathology b-Ploidy of cells c-Age < 1 y d-Mutation of c 1p gene Answer:a, Histopathology "," The most impoant prognostic factor of Wilms tumor? A. Histopathology B. Ploidy of cells C. Age < 1 y D. Mutation of c 1p gene Answer: A. Histopathology " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Not used for iron poison in: FMGE 09; NEET 13? A)Magnesium hydroxide B)Desferrioxamine C)Gastric lavage D)Penicillamine Answer:D- Penicillamine Ans. Penicillamine "," Not used for iron poison in: FMGE 09; NEET 13? A. Magnesium hydroxide B. Desferrioxamine C. Gastric lavage D. Penicillamine Answer: D. Penicillamine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: What is the average number of fleas of each species per rodent called? a - General Flea index b - Specific Flea index c - Incidence of Fle species d - Flea infestation Rate Answer: Specific Flea index "," What is the average number of fleas of each species per rodent called? A. General Flea index B. Specific Flea index C. Incidence of Fle species D. Flea infestation Rate Answer: B. Specific Flea index " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Characteristic feature of korsakoff psychosis is? a-Disorientation b-Delirium c-Coarse tremor d-Amnesia Answer:d, Amnesia "," Characteristic feature of korsakoff psychosis is? A. Disorientation B. Delirium C. Coarse tremor D. Amnesia Answer: D. Amnesia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Treatment of hydatid cyst? Excision of cyst Percutaneous drainage Conservative management Answer: b "," Treatment of hydatid cyst? A. Excision of cyst B. Percutaneous drainage C. Conservative management D. Answer: B. Percutaneous drainage " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which among the following organisms causes Buruli ulcer? 1 M. Marinum 2 M. Ulcerans 3 M. kansasii 4 M. Smegmatis Answer: M. Ulcerans Ans. B. M. UlceransM. Ulcerans causes Buruli ulcer.* It starts as a nodule or papule which progresses further to form a shallow necrotic ulcer.* Children (5-15 years old) have the highest incidence of Buruli ulcers, with most lesions on the lower extremities.Image: Extensive Buruli ulcer "," Which among the following organisms causes Buruli ulcer? A. M. Marinum B. M. Ulcerans C. M. kansasii D. M. Smegmatis Answer: B. M. Ulcerans " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Which of the following enzyme uses citrate in fatty acid synthesis? -Aconitase -Citrate synthase -Malic enzyme -ATP citrate lyase Answer: b "," Which of the following enzyme uses citrate in fatty acid synthesis? A. Aconitase B. Citrate synthase C. Malic enzyme D. ATP citrate lyase Answer: B. Citrate synthase " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Erythropoietin is inhibited by? Estrogen Progesterone Thyroxine Testosterone Answer: A, Estrogen "," Erythropoietin is inhibited by? A. Estrogen B. Progesterone C. Thyroxine D. Testosterone Answer: A. Estrogen " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Characterstic X Ray finding in ASD is? 1 Enlarged left ventricle 2 Enlarged left atria 3 Pulmonary pletheora 4 PAH Answer:3 - Pulmonary pletheora C i.e. Pulmonary plethora "," Characterstic X Ray finding in ASD is? A. Enlarged left ventricle B. Enlarged left atria C. Pulmonary pletheora D. PAH Answer: C. Pulmonary pletheora " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 40-year old diabetic patient presents with proptosis of one eye and black eschar over palate. The likely organism is? A.Pseudomonas B.Candida C.E. coli D.Mucor Answer:D. Mucor "," A 40-year old diabetic patient presents with proptosis of one eye and black eschar over palate. The likely organism is? A. Pseudomonas B. Candida C. E. coli D. Mucor Answer: D. Mucor " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A nurse is learning about different surgical procedures and their classifications. Which examples below does this include? (Select all that apply.) a. Rhinoplasty: curative b. Liver biopsy: diagnostic c. Arthroscopy: preventative. Ileostomy: palliative. Total shoulder replacement: reconstructive d. Body contouring: cosmetic Answer: B, C, D A cosmetic procedure is designed to improve the client's appearance or self-confidence; a body contouring procedure is an example. A diagnostic procedure is performed to determine the origin and cause of a disorder by taking a tissue sample with the intention of diagnosing (and staging, if applicable) a condition, such as a liver biopsy. A preventative procedure is performed with the intention that a specific condition will not occur. An example of this is a prophylactic bilateral mastectomy in a woman who carries the BRCA 1 or BRCA 2 gene to prevent the development of breast cancer. A palliative procedure is designed to improve quality of life; an example is an ileostomy. A reconstructive operation improves functional ability is an abnormal or damaged structure. A total shoulder replacement would be an example. A curative operation is performed to resolve a health problem by repairing or removing the cause; a gallbladder removal is an example. "," A nurse is learning about different surgical procedures and their classifications. Which examples below does this include? (Select all that apply.) A. Rhinoplasty: curative B. Liver biopsy: diagnostic C. Arthroscopy: preventative. Ileostomy: palliative. Total shoulder replacement: reconstructive D. Body contouring: cosmetic Answer: B. Liver biopsy: diagnostic, C. Arthroscopy: preventative, D. Body contouring: cosmetic " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Shock causes? A.Stagnant hypoxia B.Anemic hypoxia C.Hypoxic hypoxia D.Histotoxic hypoxia Answer:A. Stagnant hypoxia "," Shock causes? A. Stagnant hypoxia B. Anemic hypoxia C. Hypoxic hypoxia D. Histotoxic hypoxia Answer: A. Stagnant hypoxia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A Poly A base sequence would be most likely found at the? a - 5' end of a prokaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA) b - 3' end of a prokaryotic mRNA c - 5' end of a eukaryotic mRNA d - 3' end of a eukaryotic mRNA Answer: 3' end of a eukaryotic mRNA "," A Poly A base sequence would be most likely found at the? A. 5' end of a prokaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA) B. 3' end of a prokaryotic mRNA C. 5' end of a eukaryotic mRNA D. 3' end of a eukaryotic mRNA Answer: D. 3' end of a eukaryotic mRNA " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which type of cattle poisoning occurs due to ingestion of LINSEED plant? a-Aconite b-Atropine c-Pilocarpine d-Hydrocyanic acid Answer:d, Hydrocyanic acid "," Which type of cattle poisoning occurs due to ingestion of LINSEED plant? A. Aconite B. Atropine C. Pilocarpine D. Hydrocyanic acid Answer: D. Hydrocyanic acid " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is true of Wilson's disease all except? a - Autosomal recessive b - Serum ceruloplasmin level < 20 mg/d1 c - Urinary coppor excretion < 100 microgram/c11 d - Zinc acetate is used as maintence therapy Answer: Urinary coppor excretion < 100 microgram/c11 "," Which of the following is true of Wilson's disease all except? A. Autosomal recessive B. Serum ceruloplasmin level < 20 mg/d1 C. Urinary coppor excretion < 100 microgram/c11 D. Zinc acetate is used as maintence therapy Answer: C. Urinary coppor excretion < 100 microgram/c11 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most common pa of larynx involved in TB ? a)Anterior b)Posterior c)Middle d)Anywhere Answer:b, Posterior Ans. is 'b' i.e., Posterior Essential otolaryngology 2""d/e p. 1139] Disease affects the posterior third of larynx more commonly than anterior pa. The pas affected in descending order of frequency are :- i) Interarytenoid fold, ii) Ventricular band, iii) Vocal cords, iv) Epiglottis. "," Most common pa of larynx involved in TB ? A. Anterior B. Posterior C. Middle D. Anywhere Answer: B. Posterior " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Best investigation to see calcification is? a - CT b - MRI c - X-ray d - USG Answer: CT "," Best investigation to see calcification is? A. CT B. MRI C. X-ray D. USG Answer: A. CT " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -The normal time required to culture mycobacterium TB is? -4-8 weeks -2-3 weeks -6-10 weeks -21 days Answer: A: 4-8 weeks "," The normal time required to culture mycobacterium TB is? A. 4-8 weeks B. 2-3 weeks C. 6-10 weeks D. 21 days Answer: A. 4-8 weeks " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The least common type of intussusceptions is? a - Multiple b - Colocolic c - Ileoileal d - Ileoileocolic Answer: Multiple "," The least common type of intussusceptions is? A. Multiple B. Colocolic C. Ileoileal D. Ileoileocolic Answer: A. Multiple " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most common organism causing ventilator associated pneumonia? a)Legionella b)Pneumococcus c)Pseudomonas d)Coagulase negative staphylococcus Answer:c, Pseudomonas "," Most common organism causing ventilator associated pneumonia? A. Legionella B. Pneumococcus C. Pseudomonas D. Coagulase negative staphylococcus Answer: C. Pseudomonas " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Babesiosis is transmitted by? a - Tick b - Mites c - Flea d - Mosquito Answer: Tick "," Babesiosis is transmitted by? A. Tick B. Mites C. Flea D. Mosquito Answer: A. Tick " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following measures sensitivity: September 2011? A)True negatives B)True positives C)False positives D)False negatives Answer:B, True positives "," Which of the following measures sensitivity: September 2011? A. True negatives B. True positives C. False positives D. False negatives Answer: B. True positives " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Coloured urine is not seen in? A.Quinine B.Rifampcin C.Nitrofurantoin D.Pyridium Answer:A. Quinine "," Coloured urine is not seen in? A. Quinine B. Rifampcin C. Nitrofurantoin D. Pyridium Answer: A. Quinine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Most common cause of urethral stricture is? -Trauma -Infection -Congenital -Post endoscopy Answer: A Trauma "," Most common cause of urethral stricture is? A. Trauma B. Infection C. Congenital D. Post endoscopy Answer: A. Trauma " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Fouh ventricle develops from? 1 Telencephalon 2 Mesencephalon 3 Diencephalon 4 Rhombencephalon Answer:4- Rhombencephalon "," Fouh ventricle develops from? A. Telencephalon B. Mesencephalon C. Diencephalon D. Rhombencephalon Answer: D. Rhombencephalon " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Biological value of a protein is related to? a - Nitrogen content b - amino acid content c - Sulphur content d - Energy content Answer: Nitrogen content "," Biological value of a protein is related to? A. Nitrogen content B. amino acid content C. Sulphur content D. Energy content Answer: A. Nitrogen content " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Millenium development goals formulated in 2000 were to be achieved by? 1 2005 2 2015 3 2010 4 2020 Answer:2- 2015 "," Millenium development goals formulated in 2000 were to be achieved by? A. 2005 B. 2015 C. 2010 D. 2020 Answer: B. 2015 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Investigation of choice for intramedullary SOL is? 1 MRI 2 USG 3 CT 4 X-ray Answer: MRI Ans. is 'a' i.e., MRI o Investigation of choice for intramedullary space occupy lesion is MRI. "," Investigation of choice for intramedullary SOL is? A. MRI B. USG C. CT D. X-ray Answer: A. MRI " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A two way process of exchanging or shaping ideas, feeling and information is called as? Education Communication Interview Suggestion Answer: B, Communication "," A two way process of exchanging or shaping ideas, feeling and information is called as? A. Education B. Communication C. Interview D. Suggestion Answer: B. Communication " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Same amino acid is coded by multiple codons d/t following? a,Degeneracy bFrame-shift mutation,c.Transcription,d. Mutation Answer: a, Degeneracy "," Same amino acid is coded by multiple codons d/t following? A. Degeneracy B. Frame-shift mutation C. Transcription D. Mutation Answer: A. Degeneracy " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: True about treatment of nocturnal enuresis? a-lmipramine b-CPZ c-Alprazolam d-Haloperidol Answer:a, lmipramine "," True about treatment of nocturnal enuresis? A. lmipramine B. CPZ C. Alprazolam D. Haloperidol Answer: A. lmipramine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Lymphoid tissues reach their maximum size? a,In early childhood bDuring adolescence,c.At pubey,d. At 20 years of age Answer: c, At pubey "," Lymphoid tissues reach their maximum size? A. In early childhood B. During adolescence C. At pubey D. At 20 years of age Answer: C. At pubey " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is false regarding neonatal resuscitation? a-T - tube delivers free flow oxygen b-Self - inflating bag should not be used without reservoir c-Self - inflating bag can deliver free flow oxygen d-Flow inflating bag delivers free flow oxygen Answer:b, Self - inflating bag should not be used without reservoir "," Which of the following is false regarding neonatal resuscitation? A. T - tube delivers free flow oxygen B. Self - inflating bag should not be used without reservoir C. Self - inflating bag can deliver free flow oxygen D. Flow inflating bag delivers free flow oxygen Answer: B. Self - inflating bag should not be used without reservoir " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Craniotabes is seen in following except –? a-Rickets b-Syphilis c-Osteogenesis imperfecta d-Thalassemia Answer:d, Thalassemia "," Craniotabes is seen in following except –? A. Rickets B. Syphilis C. Osteogenesis imperfecta D. Thalassemia Answer: D. Thalassemia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 44-year-old businessman presents to a physician because of a markedly inflammed and painful right great toe. He states that he just returned from a convention, and had noticed increasing pain in his right foot during his flight back home. Physical examination is remarkable for swelling and erythema of the right great toe as well as small nodules on the patient's external ear. Aspiration of the metatarsal-phalangeal joint of the affected toe demonstrates needle-shaped negatively birefringent crystals. Which of the following agents would provide the most immediate relief for this patient? 1 Allopurinol 2 Aspirin 3 Colchicine 4 Probenecid Answer:3 - Colchicine The patient has gout, which is due to precipitation of monosodium urate crystals in joint spaces (notably the great toe) and soft tissues (causing tophi, which are often found on the external ears). Colchicine reduces the inflammation caused by the urate crystals by inhibiting leukocyte migration and phagocytosis secondary to an effect on microtubule assembly. Allopurinol and its metabolite, oxypurinol, inhibit xanthine oxidase, the enzyme that forms uric acid from hypoxanthine. Therapy with this agent should be begun 1-2 weeks after the acute attack has subsided. Aspirin competes with uric acid for tubular secretion, thereby decreasing urinary urate excretion and raising serum uric acid levels. At high doses (more than 2 gm daily) aspirin is a uricosuric. Probenecid and sulfinpyrazone are uricosuric agents, increasing the urinary excretion of uric acid, hence decreasing serum levels of the substance. Therapy with these agents should be begun 1-2 weeks after the acute attack has subsided. "," A 44-year-old businessman presents to a physician because of a markedly inflammed and painful right great toe. He states that he just returned from a convention, and had noticed increasing pain in his right foot during his flight back home. Physical examination is remarkable for swelling and erythema of the right great toe as well as small nodules on the patient's external ear. Aspiration of the metatarsal-phalangeal joint of the affected toe demonstrates needle-shaped negatively birefringent crystals. Which of the following agents would provide the most immediate relief for this patient? A. Allopurinol B. Aspirin C. Colchicine D. Probenecid Answer: C. Colchicine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is true about calcification of teeth? A)Calcification of primary teeth is almost complete at time of birth B)Calcification of all primary teeth and few permanent teeth complete at birth C)Calcification of all permanent teeth complete at birt D)Calcification of primary teeth starts around birth Answer:A- Calcification of primary teeth is almost complete at time of birth "," Which of the following is true about calcification of teeth? A. Calcification of primary teeth is almost complete at time of birth B. Calcification of all primary teeth and few permanent teeth complete at birth C. Calcification of all permanent teeth complete at birt D. Calcification of primary teeth starts around birth Answer: A. Calcification of primary teeth is almost complete at time of birth " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: 2. Peer victimization is becoming a significant problem for school-age children and adolescents in the United States. Parents should be educated regarding signs that a child is being bullied. These might include: (Select all that apply.) a. The child spends an inordinate amount of time in the nurse's office. b. Belongings frequently go missing or are damaged. c. The child wants to be driven to school. d. School performance improves. e. The child freely talks about his or her day. Answer: a,b,c "," 2. Peer victimization is becoming a significant problem for school-age children and adolescents in the United States. Parents should be educated regarding signs that a child is being bullied. These might include: (Select all that apply.) A. The child spends an inordinate amount of time in the nurse's office. B. Belongings frequently go missing or are damaged. C. The child wants to be driven to school. d. School performance improves. e. The child freely talks about his or her day. Answer: A. The child spends an inordinate amount of time in the nurse's office, B. Belongings frequently go missing or are damaged, C. The child wants to be driven to school " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -In abdominal surgery Lembe sutures refers to ? -Single layer suturing -Sero muscular sutures -All coat intestinal suturing -Skin suturing Answer: b: Sero muscular sutures "," In abdominal surgery Lembe sutures refers to ? A. Single layer suturing B. Sero muscular sutures C. All coat intestinal suturing D. Skin suturing Answer: B. Sero muscular sutures " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Fleeting skin lesions are often present in patients with? a)Viral hepatitis B b)Acute cholangitis c)Viral hepatitis A d)Carcinoma head of pancreas Answer:a, Viral hepatitis B Fleeting skin lesions are often presents in patients with hepatitis B. Ref: Schiff's diseases of liver, Edition -11, Page - 3. "," Fleeting skin lesions are often present in patients with? A. Viral hepatitis B B. Acute cholangitis C. Viral hepatitis A D. Carcinoma head of pancreas Answer: A. Viral hepatitis B " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In humans, effective renal blood flow is ? 425 525 625 725 Answer: c "," In humans, effective renal blood flow is ? A. 425 B. 525 C. 625 D. 725 Answer: C. 625 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Functional unit of Liver is? a - Hepatocytes b - Poal Tracts c - Liver Acinus d - Hepatic Lobule Answer: Liver Acinus "," Functional unit of Liver is? A. Hepatocytes B. Poal Tracts C. Liver Acinus D. Hepatic Lobule Answer: C. Liver Acinus " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Indication for surgery in a case of adrenal incidentaloma? a-Size>5 cm b-Bilateral adrenal metastasis c-Functional tumor d-All of the above Answer:d, All of the above "," Indication for surgery in a case of adrenal incidentaloma? A. Size>5 cm B. Bilateral adrenal metastasis C. Functional tumor D. All of the above Answer: D. All of the above " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A nurse is explaining the sequence of electrical conduction in the heart to a newly license nurse. What should the nurse include as the correct sequence of the transmission of electrical impulses? A. AV node B. SA node C. Purkinje fibers D. Right and left bundle branches E. Bundle of His Answer: B, A, E, D, C "," A nurse is explaining the sequence of electrical conduction in the heart to a newly license nurse. What should the nurse include as the correct sequence of the transmission of electrical impulses? A. AV node B. SA node C. Purkinje fibers D. Right and left bundle branches E. Bundle of His Answer: B. SA node, E. Bundle of His, D. Right and left bundle branches, C. Purkinje fibers " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: What change will be seen in vertebral column in ochronosis? A.Calcification of disc B.Bamboo spine C.Increased disc space D. Answer:A. Calcification of disc Ans. is 'a' i.e., Calcification of discAlkaptonuria# It is due to deficiency of homogentisate oxidase. As a result homogentisic acid (homogentisate) is excreted execessively in urine, There are three important characteristic features in alkaptonuria-Urine becomes dark after being exposed to air. It is due spontaneous oxidation of homogentisate into benzoquinone acetate, which polvmerse to form black-brown pigment alkapton which imparts a characteristic black-brown colour to urine.Alkapton deposition occurs in sclera, ear, nose, cheeks and intervertebral disc space. A condition called ochronosis. There may be calcification of intervertebral discs.Onchronosis arthritis affecting shoulder, hips, knee.# Benedict's test is strongly positive in urine and so is the ferric chloride (FeClyl test. Benedict's reagent gives a greenish brown precipitate with brownish black supematent. Feh ling's reagent (FeClj gives blue green colour. "," What change will be seen in vertebral column in ochronosis? A. Calcification of disc B. Bamboo spine C. Increased disc space D. Answer: A. Calcification of disc " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: H. capsulatum, a dimorphic fungus, is found in soil heavily contaminated with bird droppings. Which of the following statements best describes the presence of the organism in tissue biopsies? A.Yeasts with broad-based bud B.Single-cell yeasts with pseudohyphae C.Arthrospores D.Oval budding yeasts inside macrophages Answer:D. Oval budding yeasts inside macrophages "," H. capsulatum, a dimorphic fungus, is found in soil heavily contaminated with bird droppings. Which of the following statements best describes the presence of the organism in tissue biopsies? A. Yeasts with broad-based bud B. Single-cell yeasts with pseudohyphae C. Arthrospores D. Oval budding yeasts inside macrophages Answer: D. Oval budding yeasts inside macrophages " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -All of the following are true about Roll back malaria except:(AIIMS November 2013, Nov 2012)? -Insecticide treated mosquito nets -Strengthening health system -Development of newer insecticide -Training of health workers Answer: c "," All of the following are true about Roll back malaria except:(AIIMS November 2013, Nov 2012)? A. Insecticide treated mosquito nets B. Strengthening health system C. Development of newer insecticide D. Training of health workers Answer: C. Development of newer insecticide " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most sensitive nerve fiber to hypoxia? A)A B)B C)C D)All are equally sensitive Answer:B- B Question repeated "," Most sensitive nerve fiber to hypoxia? A. A B. B C. C D. All are equally sensitive Answer: B. B " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: If solid line represent the rigid height, then the following diagram with excessive inter arch space is classified in? A.Class - 1 B.Class - 2 C.Class - 3 D.Class - 4 Answer:B. Class - 2 "," If solid line represent the rigid height, then the following diagram with excessive inter arch space is classified in? A. Class - 1 B. Class - 2 C. Class - 3 D. Class - 4 Answer: B. Class - 2 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Lahsal classification is used for? a,Cleft lip and palate bTumor staging,c.Neurological assessment of trauma patient,d. None of the above Answer: a, Cleft lip and palate "," Lahsal classification is used for? A. Cleft lip and palate B. Tumor staging C. Neurological assessment of trauma patient D. None of the above Answer: A. Cleft lip and palate " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Failure of migration of neural crest cells is seen in? a - Albinism b - Congenital megacolon c - Odontomes d - Adrenal tumour Answer: Congenital megacolon "," Failure of migration of neural crest cells is seen in? A. Albinism B. Congenital megacolon C. Odontomes D. Adrenal tumour Answer: B. Congenital megacolon " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All of the following statements are true regarding hyperophy, except? A.Occurs due to synthesis and assembly of additional intracellular components. B.There is an increase in the size of the cells. C.Cells capable of division respond to stress by hyperophy and hyperplasia. D.There is an increase in the number of cells. Answer:D. There is an increase in the number of cells. The increased size of the cells is due to the synthesis and assembly of additional intracellular structural components. Hyperophy refers to an increase in the size of cells, which results in an increase in the size of the affected organ. Cells capable of division may respond to stress by undergoing both hyperplasia and hyperophy. The hyperophied organ has no new cells, just larger cells. "," All of the following statements are true regarding hyperophy, except? A. Occurs due to synthesis and assembly of additional intracellular components. B. There is an increase in the size of the cells. C. Cells capable of division respond to stress by hyperophy and hyperplasia. D. There is an increase in the number of cells. Answer: D. There is an increase in the number of cells. " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Semiclosed circuit system? Needs advanced monitoring Complex More environmental pollution More economical Answer: C, More environmental pollution "," Semiclosed circuit system? A. Needs advanced monitoring B. Complex C. More environmental pollution D. More economical Answer: C. More environmental pollution " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following causes retinal pigmentation? Quinine Chloroquine Mefloquine Atovaquone Answer: B.Chloroquine "," Which of the following causes retinal pigmentation? A. Quinine B. Chloroquine C. Mefloquine D. Atovaquone Answer: B. Chloroquine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -MELD score includes all except? -S. bilirubin -S. creatinine -Prothrombin time -Serum albumin Answer: d "," MELD score includes all except? A. S. bilirubin B. S. creatinine C. Prothrombin time D. Serum albumin Answer: D. Serum albumin " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Chromosome involved in Wilm's tumor is? a-11 b-13 c-18 d-22 Answer:a, 11 "," Chromosome involved in Wilm's tumor is? A. 11 B. 13 C. 18 D. 22 Answer: A. 11 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The advantage of unfilled methyl methacrylate is that? It can be finished smoothly It has a low degree of flow It's non-irritation to pulp It's wear resistant is high Answer: A.It can be finished smoothly "," The advantage of unfilled methyl methacrylate is that? A. It can be finished smoothly B. It has a low degree of flow C. It's non-irritation to pulp D. It's wear resistant is high Answer: A. It can be finished smoothly " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Twin pregnancy, but due to two different men is called: NEET 14? 1 Superfetation 2 Superfecundation 3 Both of the above 4 Answer:2- Superfecundation "," Twin pregnancy, but due to two different men is called: NEET 14? A. Superfetation B. Superfecundation C. Both of the above D. Answer: B. Superfecundation " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 7 year old child with rheumatic heart disease presents with pallor, fever and a palpable spleen. The following investigations would be needed to arrive at a diagnosis except –? Electrocardiogram Echocardiogram Blood culture Urine examination Answer: a "," A 7 year old child with rheumatic heart disease presents with pallor, fever and a palpable spleen. The following investigations would be needed to arrive at a diagnosis except –? A. Electrocardiogram B. Echocardiogram C. Blood culture D. Urine examination Answer: A. Electrocardiogram " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Datura seeds resemble? A)Ricinus communis B)Capsicum C)Opium D) Answer:B, Capsicum "," Datura seeds resemble? A. Ricinus communis B. Capsicum C. Opium D. Answer: B. Capsicum " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The best method of teaching an urban slum about ORS is? 1 Lecture 2 Role play 3 Demonstration 4 Flash card Answer:3 - Demonstration A demonstration is a carefully prepared presentation to show how to perform a skill or procedure.Here a procedure is carried out step by step before an audience or the target group,the demonstrator asceaining that the audience understands how to perform it (refer pgno:864 park 23 rd edition) "," The best method of teaching an urban slum about ORS is? A. Lecture B. Role play C. Demonstration D. Flash card Answer: C. Demonstration " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Magnan's symptom is seen in? Datura Cocaine Opium Cannabis Answer: b "," Magnan's symptom is seen in? A. Datura B. Cocaine C. Opium D. Cannabis Answer: B. Cocaine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: False about obstructive jaundice? A.Unconjugated bilirubin B.Pruritus C.Pale stools D.Icterus Answer:A. Unconjugated bilirubin Obstructive jaundice Most common surgical cause of obstructive jaundice is CBD stones Characterized by dark urine, pale coloured stools, icterus and Pruritus Presence of urobilinogen in urine rules out obstructive jaundice USG is the best test to differentiate medical from surgical jaundice Unconjugated bilirubin is normal Ref: Harrison's 19th edition Pg no : 1998 "," False about obstructive jaundice? A. Unconjugated bilirubin B. Pruritus C. Pale stools D. Icterus Answer: A. Unconjugated bilirubin " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All of the following predominantly involve the white matter EXCEPT? a,Alexander disease bCanavan disease,c.Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis,d. Adrenoleukodystrophy Answer: c, Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis "," All of the following predominantly involve the white matter EXCEPT? A. Alexander disease B. Canavan disease C. Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis D. Adrenoleukodystrophy Answer: C. Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Crossing over, true is;? a)Occurs during diplotene stage b)Between non sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes c)Between sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes d)Between non homologous chromosomes sister chromatids Answer:b, Between non sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between non sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes occuring during pachytene stage of prophase I of meiosis.Recombination of genes in the same chromosome is brought about by crossing over. Ref: PRINCIPLES OF GENETICS, By Eldon John Gardner, Michael J. Simmons, D. Peter Snustad, 8th Edition, Page 163 "," Crossing over, true is;? A. Occurs during diplotene stage B. Between non sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes C. Between sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes D. Between non homologous chromosomes sister chromatids Answer: B. Between non sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Thyroid hormone formation involves many steps. Which of the following amino acid is the precursor for thyroxine? Glycine Tyrosine Phenylalanine Iodine Answer: b "," Thyroid hormone formation involves many steps. Which of the following amino acid is the precursor for thyroxine? A. Glycine B. Tyrosine C. Phenylalanine D. Iodine Answer: B. Tyrosine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Which is the latest antiviral drug for bronchitis due to RSV? -Ribavarin -Acyclovir -Amantadine -Idoxuridine Answer: A Ribavarin "," Which is the latest antiviral drug for bronchitis due to RSV? A. Ribavarin B. Acyclovir C. Amantadine D. Idoxuridine Answer: A. Ribavarin " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: CSF examination in a one day old term male infant with convulsions reveals cell count -- 10 RBCs/HPF, 50 cells; protein -- 70 mg/dl.; sugar -- 30 mg/dl/Blood sugar 40 mg/di The child is likely to be suffering from? 1 Meningitis 2 Intracranial bleed 3 Hypoglycemia 4 None of the above Answer:2- Intracranial bleed "," CSF examination in a one day old term male infant with convulsions reveals cell count -- 10 RBCs/HPF, 50 cells; protein -- 70 mg/dl.; sugar -- 30 mg/dl/Blood sugar 40 mg/di The child is likely to be suffering from? A. Meningitis B. Intracranial bleed C. Hypoglycemia D. None of the above Answer: B. Intracranial bleed " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The type of estrogen found in highest concen- tration in adult female is? 1 Estrone 2 Estriol 3 Estradiol 4 Answer:3- Estradiol "," The type of estrogen found in highest concen- tration in adult female is? A. Estrone B. Estriol C. Estradiol D. Answer: C. Estradiol " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The diameter of Tricuspid orifice is? a)2cm b)2.5cm c)3cm d)4cm Answer:d, 4cm ValveDiameter of OrificePulmonary2.5cmAoic2.5cmMitral3cmTricuspid4cmRef: BD Chaurasia; Volume 1; 6th edition; Table 18.1 "," The diameter of Tricuspid orifice is? A. 2cm B. 2.5cm C. 3cm D. 4cm Answer: D. 4cm " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In a normal healthy person the arterial oxygen is considered satisfactory if SPO2 is more than? a)80 b)85 c)90 d)Any of the above Answer:c, 90 Ans. c (90) (Ref H-17th/l590-91; pg. A-15)In a normal healthy person the arterial oxygen is considered satisfactory if SP02 is more than 90.Arterial O2 tensionPaO212.7 +- 0.7 kPa (95 +- 5 mm Hg)Arterial CO2 tensionPaCO25.3 +- 0.3 kPa (40 +- 2 mm Hg)Arterial O2 saturationSaO20.97 +- 0.02 (97 +- 2%)Arterial blood pHpH7.40 +- 0.02Arterial bicarbonateHCO3-24 + 2 mEq/LBase excessBE0 +- 2 mEq/LDiffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (single breath)DLCO0.42 mL CO/s/mm Hg (25 mL CO/min/mm Hg)Dead space volumeVD2 mL/kg body wtPhysio dead space; dead space-tidal vol ratioVD/VTKnow at rest & exercise(a) Rest < 35% VT(b) Exercise < 20% VTAlveolar-arterial difference for O2P(A -a) O2< 2.7 kPa (20 mm Hg)Educational Point# Alveolar hypoventilation exists by definition when arterial PC02 (PaC02) increases above the normal range of 37-43 mm Hg, but in clinically important hypoventilation syndromes PaC02 is generally in the range of 50-80 mm Hg.# A decrease in the Anion Gap can be due to:- an increase in unmeasured cations;- the addition to the blood of abnormal cations, such as lithium (lithium intoxication) or cationic immunoglobulins (plasma cell dyscrasias);- a reduction in the major plasma anion albumin concentration (nephrotic syndrome); (A fall in serum albumin by 1 g/dL from the normal value decreases the anion gap by 2.5 mEq/L).- a decrease in the effective anionic charge on albumin by acidosis; or- hyperviscosity and severe hyperlipidemia. "," In a normal healthy person the arterial oxygen is considered satisfactory if SPO2 is more than? A. 80 B. 85 C. 90 D. Any of the above Answer: C. 90 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Muscle relaxant used in renal failure? a)Ketamine b)Atracurium c)Pancuronium d)Fentanyl Answer:b, Atracurium As Atracurium and Cis-atracurium are inactivated by Hoffman's elimination, they are the muscle relaxants of choice for both liver and renal failure. "," Muscle relaxant used in renal failure? A. Ketamine B. Atracurium C. Pancuronium D. Fentanyl Answer: B. Atracurium " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is the national level system that provides annual national as well as state level reliable estimates of fertility and mortality? 1 Sample registration system 2 Census 3 Ad-hoc survey 4 Sample registration system Answer: Sample registration system Sample Registration System (SRS) was initiated in 1964–65 (on a pilot basis; full scale from 1969–70) to provide national as well as state level reliable estimates of fertility and mortality • SRS is a dual record system: Field Investigation: continuous enumeration of births and deaths by an enumerator. Independent retrospective survey: every 6 months by an investigator-supervisor. "," Which of the following is the national level system that provides annual national as well as state level reliable estimates of fertility and mortality? A. Sample registration system B. Census C. Ad-hoc survey D. Sample registration system Answer: A. Sample registration system " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Patient came to the OPD with recent onset photphobia within 24 hours and sloughing corneal ulcer. There is greenish ulcer base. Which of the following can be the causative organism? 1 Acanthamoeba 2 Nocardia 3 Pseudomonas 4 Herpes Answer: Pseudomonas Pseudomonas Ulcer Rapid onset & Greenish ulcer base Produce biofilm that cause resistance MC cause of infection in contact lens users Nocardia ulcer resembles fungal ulcer in its characteristics. "," Patient came to the OPD with recent onset photphobia within 24 hours and sloughing corneal ulcer. There is greenish ulcer base. Which of the following can be the causative organism? A. Acanthamoeba B. Nocardia C. Pseudomonas D. Herpes Answer: C. Pseudomonas " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Vallecula sign is seen in? 1 TB laryngitis 2 Vocal nodule 3 Inveed papilloma 4 Acute epiglottitis Answer:4 - Acute epiglottitis Depressing the tongue with a tongue depressor may show red and swollen epiglottis. Indirect laryngoscopy may show oedema and congestion of supraglottic structure. This examination is avoided for fear of precipitating complete obstruction. It is better done in the operation theatre where facilities for intubation are available. Ref: PL Dhingra 7th edition of Ear, Nose and Throat; Pg no 327 "," Vallecula sign is seen in? A. TB laryngitis B. Vocal nodule C. Inveed papilloma D. Acute epiglottitis Answer: D. Acute epiglottitis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Neurocysticercosis is treated by all the following drugs, EXCEPT? a-Albendazole b-Niclosamide c-Flubendazole d-Praziquantel Answer:b, Niclosamide "," Neurocysticercosis is treated by all the following drugs, EXCEPT? A. Albendazole B. Niclosamide C. Flubendazole D. Praziquantel Answer: B. Niclosamide " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In a lady at 32 weeks pregnancy is given an injection of dexamethasone to prevent which of the following in the newborn ? Respiratory Distress Syndrome Neonatal convulsion Neonatal jaundice Cerebral palsy Answer: A, Respiratory Distress Syndrome "," In a lady at 32 weeks pregnancy is given an injection of dexamethasone to prevent which of the following in the newborn ? A. Respiratory Distress Syndrome B. Neonatal convulsion C. Neonatal jaundice D. Cerebral palsy Answer: A. Respiratory Distress Syndrome " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Cryosurgery is used in treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. It is appropriate in all except? 1 Transformation zone lying entirely on ectocervix. 2 Smooth cervical surface without deep crevices. 3 Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia -3. 4 CIN limited to two quadrants of the cervix. Answer: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia -3. Cryosurgery is generally not favoured for treatment of CIN-3 due to higher rates of disease persistence following treatment, and lack of histologic specimen to exclude occult invasive cancer. "," Cryosurgery is used in treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. It is appropriate in all except? A. Transformation zone lying entirely on ectocervix. B. Smooth cervical surface without deep crevices. C. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia -3. D. CIN limited to two quadrants of the cervix. Answer: C. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia -3. " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is not true regarding Chlamydia? Has biphasic life Elementary body is metabolically active Reticulate body undergoes binary fission Once it invades into cell it abates phagolysosomal fusion Answer: B.Elementary body is metabolically active "," Which of the following is not true regarding Chlamydia? A. Has biphasic life B. Elementary body is metabolically active C. Reticulate body undergoes binary fission D. Once it invades into cell it abates phagolysosomal fusion Answer: B. Elementary body is metabolically active " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 9-year-old boy diagnosed as uncomplicated pulmonary tuberculosis. He is put on isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol at home after initial treatment given at hospital. Which is accurate statement for this scenario? a-His 3-year-old sibling should receive INH prophylaxis b-A baseline test of auditory function test is essential before drug treatment is initiated c-Polyahralgia is a potential adverse effect of the drugs the boy is taking d-His mother, who takes care of him, does not need INH prophylaxis Answer:a, His 3-year-old sibling should receive INH prophylaxis "," A 9-year-old boy diagnosed as uncomplicated pulmonary tuberculosis. He is put on isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol at home after initial treatment given at hospital. Which is accurate statement for this scenario? A. His 3-year-old sibling should receive INH prophylaxis B. A baseline test of auditory function test is essential before drug treatment is initiated C. Polyahralgia is a potential adverse effect of the drugs the boy is taking D. His mother, who takes care of him, does not need INH prophylaxis Answer: A. His 3-year-old sibling should receive INH prophylaxis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Telefono is? -Pulling of hair -Beating on soles -Beating on ears -Beating on fingers Answer: c "," Telefono is? A. Pulling of hair B. Beating on soles C. Beating on ears D. Beating on fingers Answer: C. Beating on ears " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Naltrexone is used to maintain abstinence following opioid withdrawal in addicts. It blocks all of the following featues of opioid use, except? -Euphoriant effects of opioids -Craving for opioids -Miosis -Respiratory depression Answer: B Craving for opioids "," Naltrexone is used to maintain abstinence following opioid withdrawal in addicts. It blocks all of the following featues of opioid use, except? A. Euphoriant effects of opioids B. Craving for opioids C. Miosis D. Respiratory depression Answer: B. Craving for opioids " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: ANCA positive vasculitis include all of the following Except? 1 Wegner's granulomatosis 2 Churg strauss syndrome 3 Microscopic PAN 4 Good pasture's syndrome Answer:4- Good pasture's syndrome "," ANCA positive vasculitis include all of the following Except? A. Wegner's granulomatosis B. Churg strauss syndrome C. Microscopic PAN D. Good pasture's syndrome Answer: D. Good pasture's syndrome " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Thiopentone is absolutely contraindicated in? Porphyria Moribund patients Increased intracranial pressure Meningitis Answer: a "," Thiopentone is absolutely contraindicated in? A. Porphyria B. Moribund patients C. Increased intracranial pressure D. Meningitis Answer: A. Porphyria " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Neurofibromatosis 1 criteria include all except? 1 Brain tumor 2 Acoustic neuromas 3 Dysplasia of the sphenoidal and tibial bone 4 Cafe-au-lait spots Answer: Acoustic neuromas In Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), two or more of the following clinical manifestations are present: Six or more Cafe-au-lait macules Axillary and inguinal freckling Two or more iris Lisch nodules Two or more neurofibromas or 1 plexiform neurofibroma A distinctive osseous lesion such as sphenoidal and tibial dysplasia Optic gliomas A 1st degree relative with NF1 Ref: Nelson textbook of pediatrics 21st edition pgno: 3141 "," Neurofibromatosis 1 criteria include all except? A. Brain tumor B. Acoustic neuromas C. Dysplasia of the sphenoidal and tibial bone D. Cafe-au-lait spots Answer: B. Acoustic neuromas " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: True about gastric acid secretion? a-Secretion ,l,ses with secretin b-H2 blockers prevent release c-Total acid output indicates parietal cell mass activity d-All Answer:d, All "," True about gastric acid secretion? A. Secretion ,l,ses with secretin B. H2 blockers prevent release C. Total acid output indicates parietal cell mass activity D. All Answer: D. All " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Iodine RDA is? A)300 microgram B)500 microgram C)150 microgram D)50microgram Answer:C, 150 microgram "," Iodine RDA is? A. 300 microgram B. 500 microgram C. 150 microgram D. 50microgram Answer: C. 150 microgram " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The most common site of puerperal infection is? a,Placental site bCervical laceration,c.Episiotomy wound,d. Vaginal laceration Answer: a, Placental site "," The most common site of puerperal infection is? A. Placental site B. Cervical laceration C. Episiotomy wound D. Vaginal laceration Answer: A. Placental site " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Secondary amyloidosis occurs in ? -Chronic osteomyelitis -Rheumatoid ahritis -Leprosy -All Answer: d: All "," Secondary amyloidosis occurs in ? A. Chronic osteomyelitis B. Rheumatoid ahritis C. Leprosy D. All Answer: D. All " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: I/V contrast is not used in –? 1 HRCT 2 MRI 3 IVP 4 Myelography Answer: Myelography IV contrast agent is given in :- X-ray based investigation (Radiocontrast agent) :- Radiography (simple x-ray), CT-Scan. MRI (MR contrast agents). Ultrasound (USG contrast agents). IVP (intravenous pyelography) as the name suggests, the contrast agent is given intravenously. In myelography, the contrast agent is injected into subarachnoid space. "," I/V contrast is not used in –? A. HRCT B. MRI C. IVP D. Myelography Answer: D. Myelography " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is orexigenic? a-Serotonin b-Ghrelin c-OCX d-GA Answer:b, Ghrelin "," Which of the following is orexigenic? A. Serotonin B. Ghrelin C. OCX D. GA Answer: B. Ghrelin " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Chandu 32 years male presents with abdominal pain and vomitting. He also complain of some psychiatric symptoms & visual hallucination. Most likely diagnosis is? -Hypothyroidism -Hypehyroidism -Hysteria -Intermittent Porphyria Answer: d "," Chandu 32 years male presents with abdominal pain and vomitting. He also complain of some psychiatric symptoms & visual hallucination. Most likely diagnosis is? A. Hypothyroidism B. Hypehyroidism C. Hysteria D. Intermittent Porphyria Answer: D. Intermittent Porphyria " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All of the following are features of Devic's syndrome (neuromyelitis optica), except? A)Separate attacks of acute optic neuritis and myelitis B)Optic neuritis is either unilateral or bilateral C)Brain MRI is typically normal D)It has a fulminant demyelinating process and progress to death in 1-2 year Answer:D- It has a fulminant demyelinating process and progress to death in 1-2 year Devic's disease is a variant of multiple sclerosis. Fulminant demyelinating process is seen with another variant called Marburg's variant. "," All of the following are features of Devic's syndrome (neuromyelitis optica), except? A. Separate attacks of acute optic neuritis and myelitis B. Optic neuritis is either unilateral or bilateral C. Brain MRI is typically normal D. It has a fulminant demyelinating process and progress to death in 1-2 year Answer: D. It has a fulminant demyelinating process and progress to death in 1-2 year " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Mediated by? A.Flocculonodular Lobe B.Vermal portion of Spinocerebel 1 um C.Neocerebellum D.Paravermal region of Spinocerebellum Answer:A. Flocculonodular Lobe "," Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Mediated by? A. Flocculonodular Lobe B. Vermal portion of Spinocerebel 1 um C. Neocerebellum D. Paravermal region of Spinocerebellum Answer: A. Flocculonodular Lobe " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Double arch aoa arises from? Right 6th aoic arch Left 6th aoic arch Right 4th aoic arch Left 4th aoic arch Answer: D.Left 4th aoic arch "," Double arch aoa arises from? A. Right 6th aoic arch B. Left 6th aoic arch C. Right 4th aoic arch D. Left 4th aoic arch Answer: D. Left 4th aoic arch " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In respiratory and GIT infections, which is the most affected immunoglobulin? 1 IgA 2 IgG 3 IgM 4 IgD Answer: IgA IgA Antibody:- IgA is the second most abundant antibody (2nd highest for DHS). It is of two types: Serum IgA: Predominantly in monomeric form. Secretory IgA (SIgA): It is dimeric (valency four); Secretory IgA is responsible for Mucosal /local immunity. IgA also exist in two subclasses/isotypes: IgA1 is mainly found in serum. IgA2 predominates in secretions. IgA (Secretory IgA) is selectively concentrated in secretions and on mucous surfaces forming an antibody paste and is believed to play, an impoant role in local immunity against respiratory and intestinal pathogens. It protects the mucous membranes against microbial pathogens. It serves an impoant effector function at mucous membrane surfaces, which are the main entry sites for most pathogenic organisms. "," In respiratory and GIT infections, which is the most affected immunoglobulin? A. IgA B. IgG C. IgM D. IgD Answer: A. IgA " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -An 85 years old man underwent transurethral resection of prostate. A histological examination of his specimen showed T1a stage of adenocarcinoma: management will be? -Endocrine therapy -Radical surgery -Hormone therapy -No fuher treatment Answer: D No fuher treatment "," An 85 years old man underwent transurethral resection of prostate. A histological examination of his specimen showed T1a stage of adenocarcinoma: management will be? A. Endocrine therapy B. Radical surgery C. Hormone therapy D. No fuher treatment Answer: D. No fuher treatment " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Mobile medical care constitutes all except? 1 Primary health care 2 Secondary health care 3 Teiary health care 4 Near home based Answer:3 - Teiary health care Ref:Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th Ed "," Mobile medical care constitutes all except? A. Primary health care B. Secondary health care C. Teiary health care D. Near home based Answer: C. Teiary health care " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -What is TRUE about Lovastatin? -Inhibits HMG CoA synthetase -Inhibits HMG CoA reductase -Myositis may result from its prolonged use -Decrease synthesis of cholesterol and causes lenticular opacity Answer: B Inhibits HMG CoA reductase "," What is TRUE about Lovastatin? A. Inhibits HMG CoA synthetase B. Inhibits HMG CoA reductase C. Myositis may result from its prolonged use D. Decrease synthesis of cholesterol and causes lenticular opacity Answer: B. Inhibits HMG CoA reductase " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Rescue P.C.I is done for which of the following? A.Persistent chest pain with ST elevation > 60 min after thrombolysis B.Persistent chest pain with ST elevation > 30 min after thrombolysis C.Persistent Chest pain with ST elevation >90 min after thrombolysis D.Pain with ST elevation for >120minutes after thrombolysis Answer:C. Persistent Chest pain with ST elevation >90 min after thrombolysis Option C = Rescue P.C.I. After thrombolysis ST Elevation begin to reduce If ST Elevation persisting in spite of thrombolysis. So it's failure of thrombolysis | within 90 minutes Rescue PCI Types of PCI Primary PCI done for STEMI (Door to device time < 90 minutes). Delayed PCI done for Unstable Angina NSTEMI Rescue PCI Failure of thrombolysis (within 90 minutes). "," Rescue P.C.I is done for which of the following? A. Persistent chest pain with ST elevation > 60 min after thrombolysis B. Persistent chest pain with ST elevation > 30 min after thrombolysis C. Persistent Chest pain with ST elevation >90 min after thrombolysis D. Pain with ST elevation for >120minutes after thrombolysis Answer: C. Persistent Chest pain with ST elevation >90 min after thrombolysis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 30 year old female patient complains of painless hard anterior neck mass. FNAC was inconclusive. Open thyroid biopsy was performed which revealed the fibrous nature of the mass, woody, non tender thyroid, mimicking carcinoma is observed. The diagnosis points towards? De Quervain's thyroiditis Riedel's thyroiditis Hashimoto’s thyroiditis None of the above Answer: b "," A 30 year old female patient complains of painless hard anterior neck mass. FNAC was inconclusive. Open thyroid biopsy was performed which revealed the fibrous nature of the mass, woody, non tender thyroid, mimicking carcinoma is observed. The diagnosis points towards? A. De Quervain's thyroiditis B. Riedel's thyroiditis C. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis D. None of the above Answer: B. Riedel's thyroiditis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Adrenal insufficiency in not associated with? -Hyponatremia -Hyperkalemia -Hypoglycemia -Metabolic alkalosis Answer: d: Metabolic alkalosis "," Adrenal insufficiency in not associated with? A. Hyponatremia B. Hyperkalemia C. Hypoglycemia D. Metabolic alkalosis Answer: D. Metabolic alkalosis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Best method to remove confounding is? -Randomization -Restriction -Stratified randomization -Multivariate analysis Answer: c: Stratified randomization "," Best method to remove confounding is? A. Randomization B. Restriction C. Stratified randomization D. Multivariate analysis Answer: C. Stratified randomization " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Gillette's space is? a,Retropharyngeal space bPeritonsillar space,c.Parapharyngeal space,d. Answer: a, Retropharyngeal space "," Gillette's space is? A. Retropharyngeal space B. Peritonsillar space C. Parapharyngeal space D. Answer: A. Retropharyngeal space " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: What overlies the lateral wall of the mastoid antrum? a-Tegmen tympani b-Mastoid process c-Tympanic plate d-Suprameatal triangle Answer:d, Suprameatal triangle "," What overlies the lateral wall of the mastoid antrum? A. Tegmen tympani B. Mastoid process C. Tympanic plate D. Suprameatal triangle Answer: D. Suprameatal triangle " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Terminal branches of facial nerve are all, EXCEPT? a-Mandibular nerve b-Marginal branch c-Temporal d-Cervical Answer:a, Mandibular nerve "," Terminal branches of facial nerve are all, EXCEPT? A. Mandibular nerve B. Marginal branch C. Temporal D. Cervical Answer: A. Mandibular nerve " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 10-year-old boy presents with increase bilirubin, increased bilirubin in urine and no urobilinogen Diagnosis is? 1 Gilbert syndrome 2 Hemolytic jaundice 3 Viral hepatitis 4 Obstructive jaundice Answer:4- Obstructive jaundice "," A 10-year-old boy presents with increase bilirubin, increased bilirubin in urine and no urobilinogen Diagnosis is? A. Gilbert syndrome B. Hemolytic jaundice C. Viral hepatitis D. Obstructive jaundice Answer: D. Obstructive jaundice " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Not a type of Inguinal hernia? Gibbon's hernia Valpeall's hernia Pantaloon's hernia Sliding hernia Answer: b "," Not a type of Inguinal hernia? A. Gibbon's hernia B. Valpeall's hernia C. Pantaloon's hernia D. Sliding hernia Answer: B. Valpeall's hernia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Not a pa of kangaroo mother care? 1 Skin to skin contact 2 Early discharge 3 Free nutritional supplements 4 Exclusive breast feeding Answer:3- Free nutritional supplements "," Not a pa of kangaroo mother care? A. Skin to skin contact B. Early discharge C. Free nutritional supplements D. Exclusive breast feeding Answer: C. Free nutritional supplements " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Bradycardia is seen with? a - Midazolam b - Epinephrine c - Succinyl choline d - Dopamine Answer: Succinyl choline "," Bradycardia is seen with? A. Midazolam B. Epinephrine C. Succinyl choline D. Dopamine Answer: C. Succinyl choline " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The commonest site of perforation during colonoscopy is? A)Caecum B)Hepatic flexure C)Splenic flexure D)Sigmoid colon Answer:D- Sigmoid colon • Risks of colonoscopy: Perforation and hemorrhage • MC site of bleeding after colonoscopy: Stalk after polypectomy. • MC site of perforation during colonoscopy: Sigmoid colon • Perforation can be caused by excessive air pressure, tearing of the antimesenteric border of the colon from excessive pressure on colonic loops, and at the sites of electrosurgical applications "," The commonest site of perforation during colonoscopy is? A. Caecum B. Hepatic flexure C. Splenic flexure D. Sigmoid colon Answer: D. Sigmoid colon " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: What percentage of Lente Insulin is amorphous? a,70% b30%,c.50%,d. 90% Answer: b, 30% "," What percentage of Lente Insulin is amorphous? A. 70% B. 30% C. 50% D. 90% Answer: B. 30% " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Insulin causes lipogenesis by all except? Increasing acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity Increases the transpo of glucose into the cells Inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase Decreases intracellular cAMP level Answer: C.Inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase "," Insulin causes lipogenesis by all except? A. Increasing acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity B. Increases the transpo of glucose into the cells C. Inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase D. Decreases intracellular cAMP level Answer: C. Inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Concentration of adrenaline used with lidocaine is? a-0.180555556 b-1.430555556 c-1:20000 d-1:200000 Answer:d, 1:200000 "," Concentration of adrenaline used with lidocaine is? A. 0.180555556 B. 1.430555556 C. 1:20000 D. 1:200000 Answer: D. 1:200000 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Which of the following is most characteristic of the brain in patients with Alzheimer’s disease? -Pigmentary degeneration in hippocampus -Demyelination in cerebral cortex -Posterior column degeneration -Neuronal loss in cerebral cortex Answer: d: Neuronal loss in cerebral cortex "," Which of the following is most characteristic of the brain in patients with Alzheimer’s disease? A. Pigmentary degeneration in hippocampus B. Demyelination in cerebral cortex C. Posterior column degeneration D. Neuronal loss in cerebral cortex Answer: D. Neuronal loss in cerebral cortex " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -All are Narcotic drug as per NDPS (National Drug Psychotropic Substances Act) EXCEPT? -Marijuana -Ketamine -Cannabis -Heroine Answer: B: Ketamine "," All are Narcotic drug as per NDPS (National Drug Psychotropic Substances Act) EXCEPT? A. Marijuana B. Ketamine C. Cannabis D. Heroine Answer: B. Ketamine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: An adult female patient presents with asthma symptoms for at least 4 days a week and wakes up at night due to breathlessness approximately 2 -3 days in a month. she is classified to be having.? 1 Severe persistent Asthma 2 Mild persistent Asthma 3 Intermittent Asthma 4 Moderate persistent Asthma Answer: Mild persistent Asthma "," An adult female patient presents with asthma symptoms for at least 4 days a week and wakes up at night due to breathlessness approximately 2 -3 days in a month. she is classified to be having.? A. Severe persistent Asthma B. Mild persistent Asthma C. Intermittent Asthma D. Moderate persistent Asthma Answer: B. Mild persistent Asthma " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following excludes painful stimuli from awareness? Repression Reaction formation Projection Rationalization Answer: a "," Which of the following excludes painful stimuli from awareness? A. Repression B. Reaction formation C. Projection D. Rationalization Answer: A. Repression " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Features of alcohol withdrawl are all EXCEPT: March 2013? a-Epileptic seizure b-Restlessness c-Hallucination d-Hypersomnolence Answer:d, Hypersomnolence "," Features of alcohol withdrawl are all EXCEPT: March 2013? A. Epileptic seizure B. Restlessness C. Hallucination D. Hypersomnolence Answer: D. Hypersomnolence " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: What is the generation time of Mycobacterium leprae? 1 2-5 days 2 7-10 days 3 12-14 days 4 20-25 days Answer:3 - 12-14 days Generation time of bacteria refers to the doubling time. Mycobacterium leprae is the slowest growing human bacterial pathogen, it has a doubling time of 14 days. It grows best at 30 degree C, at a temperature lower than body temperature, therefore it grows preferentially in the skin and superficial nerves. Mycobacterium leprae is transmitted by prolonged contact with patients with lepromatous leprosy, who discharge M. leprae in large numbers in nasal secretions and from skin lesions. 2 forms of leprosy are: Tuberculoid and Lepromatous. In tuberculoid type: CMI response to the organism limits its growth, very few acid-fast bacilli are seen, and granulomas containing giant cells form. In lepromatous leprosy: CMI response to organism is poor, the skin and mucous membrane lesions contain large numbers of organisms, foamy histiocytes rather than granulomas are found, and the lepromin skin test result is negative. Ref: Levinson W. (2012). Chapter 21. Mycobacteria. In W. Levinson (Ed), Review of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, 12e. "," What is the generation time of Mycobacterium leprae? A. 2-5 days B. 7-10 days C. 12-14 days D. 20-25 days Answer: C. 12-14 days " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most common cause of Papillary necrosis is? a)Diabetes Mellitus b)Sickle cell anaemia c)Analgesics d)Pyelonephritis Answer:c, Analgesics Major causes of Papillary Necrosis1. Analgesic nephropathy2. Sickle cell nephropathy3. Diabetes with UTI4. Prolonged NSAID use Reference: Harrison&;s Principles of Internal Medicine; 19th edition; Chapter 340; Tubulointerstitial Diseases of the Kidney "," Most common cause of Papillary necrosis is? A. Diabetes Mellitus B. Sickle cell anaemia C. Analgesics D. Pyelonephritis Answer: C. Analgesics " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Gradient in pulmonary aery wedge pressure and left ventricular end diastolic pressure is seen in? -Aoic regurgitation -Constrictive pericarditis -Left atrial myxoma -Pulmonary thromboembolism Answer: C Left atrial myxoma "," Gradient in pulmonary aery wedge pressure and left ventricular end diastolic pressure is seen in? A. Aoic regurgitation B. Constrictive pericarditis C. Left atrial myxoma D. Pulmonary thromboembolism Answer: C. Left atrial myxoma " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Best prognosis in nerve injury? a - Neuropraxia b - Axonotemesis c - Neurotemesis d - Complete transaction Answer: Neuropraxia "," Best prognosis in nerve injury? A. Neuropraxia B. Axonotemesis C. Neurotemesis D. Complete transaction Answer: A. Neuropraxia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Pancytopenia with cellular marrow is seen in all Except? 1 Megaloblastic anemia 2 Myelodysplasia 3 Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria 4 G6 PD deficiency Answer: G6 PD deficiency Answer is D (G-6PD Deficiency) Glucose - 6 - PD Deficiency is not associated with Pancytopenia and a cellular marrow Myelodysplasias, PNH and Megaloblastic anemia (Vit B12,Folate deficiency) may present with Pancytopenia and a cellular marrow. "," Pancytopenia with cellular marrow is seen in all Except? A. Megaloblastic anemia B. Myelodysplasia C. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria D. G6 PD deficiency Answer: D. G6 PD deficiency " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Pulled elbow means? -Fracture of head of radius -Subluxation of head of radius -Fracture dislocation of elbow -Fracture ulna Answer: B: Subluxation of head of radius "," Pulled elbow means? A. Fracture of head of radius B. Subluxation of head of radius C. Fracture dislocation of elbow D. Fracture ulna Answer: B. Subluxation of head of radius " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Keratocyst has all of the following features except? -It is more common in mandible -May be filled with thin straw coloured fluid -Low recurrence rate -Expansion of bone clinically seen Answer: c "," Keratocyst has all of the following features except? A. It is more common in mandible B. May be filled with thin straw coloured fluid C. Low recurrence rate D. Expansion of bone clinically seen Answer: C. Low recurrence rate " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Decreased basal metabolic rate is seen in? 1 Obesity 2 Hypehyroidism 3 Feeding 4 Exercise Answer: Obesity The remaining options utilise energy. Basal metabolic rate and obesity The basal metabolic rate accounts for about 60 to 75% of the daily calorie expenditure by individuals. It is influenced by several factors. BMR typically declines by 1-2% per decade after age 20, mostly due to loss of fat-free mass, although the variability between individuals is high. Ref guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology 12/e pg843 "," Decreased basal metabolic rate is seen in? A. Obesity B. Hypehyroidism C. Feeding D. Exercise Answer: A. Obesity " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 23-year-old woman presents with a rubbery, freely movable 2-cm mass in the upper outer quadrant of the left breast. A biopsy of this lesion would most likely histologically reveal? a)Large numbers of neutrophils b)A mixture of fibrous tissue and ducts c)Large numbers of plasma cells d)Necrotic fat surrounded by lipid-laden macrophages Answer:b, A mixture of fibrous tissue and ducts The most common benign neoplasm of the breast is fibroadenoma, which typically occurs in the upper outer quadrant of the breast in women between the ages of 20 and 35. These lesions originate from the terminal duct lobular unit and histologically reveal a mixture of fibrous connective tissue and ducts. Clinically, fibroadenomas are rubbery, freely movable, oval nodules that usually measure 2 to 4 cm in diameter. Numerous neutrophils are seen in acute bacterial infection of the breast (acute mastitis), which is usually seen in the postpaum lactating or involuting breast. Dilation of the breast ducts (ectasia) with inspissation of breast secretions is characteristic of mammary duct ectasia, which is common in elderly women. If large numbers of plasma cells are also present, the lesion is called plasma cell mastitis. Fat necrosis of the breast, associated with traumatic injury, is characterized by necrotic fat surrounded by lipid-laden macrophages and a neutrophilic infiltration. Fibroadenoma Reference: Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9edition "," A 23-year-old woman presents with a rubbery, freely movable 2-cm mass in the upper outer quadrant of the left breast. A biopsy of this lesion would most likely histologically reveal? A. Large numbers of neutrophils B. A mixture of fibrous tissue and ducts C. Large numbers of plasma cells D. Necrotic fat surrounded by lipid-laden macrophages Answer: B. A mixture of fibrous tissue and ducts " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The commonest location for the carcinoid tumor is which of the following? a,Small intestine bBronchus,c.Appendix,d. Stomach Answer: a, Small intestine "," The commonest location for the carcinoid tumor is which of the following? A. Small intestine B. Bronchus C. Appendix D. Stomach Answer: A. Small intestine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The retention of dowel in a pin retained crown is increased by? A.Increased length, smooth surface and increased taper. B.Increased length, serrated surface and increased taper. C.Increased length, smooth surface and parallel sides. D.Increased length, serrated surface and parallel sides. Answer:D. Increased length, serrated surface and parallel sides. "," The retention of dowel in a pin retained crown is increased by? A. Increased length, smooth surface and increased taper. B. Increased length, serrated surface and increased taper. C. Increased length, smooth surface and parallel sides. D. Increased length, serrated surface and parallel sides. Answer: D. Increased length, serrated surface and parallel sides. " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 7 year old boy presented with generalized edema.Urine examination revealed marked albuminuria.Serum biochemical examinations showed hypoalbuminaemia with hyperlipidemia.Kidney biopsy was undeaken.On light microscopic examination, the kidney appeared normal.Electron microscopic examination is most likely to reveal? Fusion of foot processes of the glomerular epithelial cells Rarefaction of glomerular basement membrane Deposition of electron dense material in the basement membrane Thin basement membrane Answer: A, Fusion of foot processes of the glomerular epithelial cells "," A 7 year old boy presented with generalized edema.Urine examination revealed marked albuminuria.Serum biochemical examinations showed hypoalbuminaemia with hyperlipidemia.Kidney biopsy was undeaken.On light microscopic examination, the kidney appeared normal.Electron microscopic examination is most likely to reveal? A. Fusion of foot processes of the glomerular epithelial cells B. Rarefaction of glomerular basement membrane C. Deposition of electron dense material in the basement membrane D. Thin basement membrane Answer: A. Fusion of foot processes of the glomerular epithelial cells " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Least commonly seen in conduct disorder seen in girls:? A)Run away from home B)High risk sexual behavior C)Physical aggression D)Emotional bullying Answer:C- Physical aggression Conduct disorder - Persistent pattern of antisocial behavior in which the individual repeatedly breaks social rules and carries out aggressive acts.in conduct disorder they do it deliberately usually characterized by aggression and violation of the rights of others boys with conduct disorder show physical & relationship aggression but In girls relationship aggression is more predominant than physical aggression children with conduct disorder usually have behaviors characterized by aggression to persons or animals, destruction of propey, deceitfulness or theft, and multiple violations of rules, such as truancy from school. "," Least commonly seen in conduct disorder seen in girls:? A. Run away from home B. High risk sexual behavior C. Physical aggression D. Emotional bullying Answer: C. Physical aggression " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Pain relief in chronic pancreatitis can be obtained by destruction of? 1 Celiac ganglia 2 Vagus nerve 3 Anterolateral column of spinal cord 4 None of the above Answer:1 - Celiac ganglia Chronic pancreatitis Pain from the pancreas is carried in sympathetic fibres that traverse the Celiac ganglion, reach the sympathetic chain through the splanchnic nerves, and then ascend to the coex Celiac plexus nerve blocks performed either percutaneously or endoscopically have been employed to abolish this pain with inconsistent results Ref: Sabiston 20th edition Pgno :1534 "," Pain relief in chronic pancreatitis can be obtained by destruction of? A. Celiac ganglia B. Vagus nerve C. Anterolateral column of spinal cord D. None of the above Answer: A. Celiac ganglia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Usually associated with parvovirus B19 infection in those with hereditary spherocytosis? A.Mild to moderate splenomegaly B.Aplastic crisis C.Gallstones D.Hemolytic crisis Answer:B. Aplastic crisis "," Usually associated with parvovirus B19 infection in those with hereditary spherocytosis? A. Mild to moderate splenomegaly B. Aplastic crisis C. Gallstones D. Hemolytic crisis Answer: B. Aplastic crisis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A four-fold increase in the titre obtained in Weil- Felix reaction is diagnostic of? a)Rickettsial infection b)Fungal infection c)Spirochetal infection d)Viral infection Answer:a, Rickettsial infection In weil-felix test, host antibodies to various rickettsial species cause agglutination of Proteus bacteria because they cross-react with bacterial cell surface antigens. Reference: Harrison20th edition pg 1011 "," A four-fold increase in the titre obtained in Weil- Felix reaction is diagnostic of? A. Rickettsial infection B. Fungal infection C. Spirochetal infection D. Viral infection Answer: A. Rickettsial infection " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Initial site of RBC production in fetus? Gestational sac Yolk sac Placeta Fetal bones Answer: B, Yolk sac "," Initial site of RBC production in fetus? A. Gestational sac B. Yolk sac C. Placeta D. Fetal bones Answer: B. Yolk sac " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Glaucoma is caused by? a - Raised intraocular pressure b - Raised intracranial Pressure c - Intraocular infection d - Orbital mass Answer: Raised intraocular pressure "," Glaucoma is caused by? A. Raised intraocular pressure B. Raised intracranial Pressure C. Intraocular infection D. Orbital mass Answer: A. Raised intraocular pressure " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following ultrasound finding has the highest association with aneuploidy? A.Choroid plexus cyst B.Nuchal translucency C.Cystic hygroma D.Single umbilical aery Answer:C. Cystic hygroma "," Which of the following ultrasound finding has the highest association with aneuploidy? A. Choroid plexus cyst B. Nuchal translucency C. Cystic hygroma D. Single umbilical aery Answer: C. Cystic hygroma " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -A three year old child is brought to the emergency depament having just ingested a large overdose of an antihistaminic drug. This drug is a weak base capable of entering most tissues including the brain. On physical examination the hea rate is 100/ minute, blood pressure is 110/60 mm Hg and the respiratory rate is 20/ minute. In this case of poisoning? -Urinary excretion would be accelerated by administration of NH4Cl, an acidifying agent -Urinary excretion would be accelerated by administration of NaHCO 3, an alkalinizing agent -More of the drug would be ionized at blood pH than at stomach pH -Absorption of the drug would be faster from the stomach than from the small intestine. Answer: a "," A three year old child is brought to the emergency depament having just ingested a large overdose of an antihistaminic drug. This drug is a weak base capable of entering most tissues including the brain. On physical examination the hea rate is 100/ minute, blood pressure is 110/60 mm Hg and the respiratory rate is 20/ minute. In this case of poisoning? A. Urinary excretion would be accelerated by administration of NH4Cl, an acidifying agent B. Urinary excretion would be accelerated by administration of NaHCO 3, an alkalinizing agent C. More of the drug would be ionized at blood pH than at stomach pH D. Absorption of the drug would be faster from the stomach than from the small intestine. Answer: A. Urinary excretion would be accelerated by administration of NH4Cl, an acidifying agent " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Ascorbic acid is a potent enhancer of iron absorption because it? -Enhances the absorption of heme iron -Enhances the activity of heme oxygenase -Is a reducing agent, thereby helping to keep iron in the ferrous state -Decreases the production of ferritin by enterocytes Answer: C: Is a reducing agent, thereby helping to keep iron in the ferrous state "," Ascorbic acid is a potent enhancer of iron absorption because it? A. Enhances the absorption of heme iron B. Enhances the activity of heme oxygenase C. Is a reducing agent, thereby helping to keep iron in the ferrous state D. Decreases the production of ferritin by enterocytes Answer: C. Is a reducing agent, thereby helping to keep iron in the ferrous state " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: 4. A nurse teaches parents that team play is important for school-age children. Which abilities can children develop by experiencing team play? (Select all that apply.) a . Achieve personal goals over group goals. b. Learn complex rules. c. Experience competition. d. Learn about division of labor. Answer: b,c,d "," A nurse teaches parents that team play is important for school-age children. Which abilities can children develop by experiencing team play? (Select all that apply.) a . Achieve personal goals over group goals. B. Learn complex rules. C. Experience competition. D. Learn about division of labor. Answer: B. Learn complex rules, C. Experience competition, D. Learn about division of labor " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Oxaloacetate + Acetyl CoA ---> Citrate + CoASH. This reaction is? Reversible Exothermic Can be reversed by catalase Competitive Answer: B.Exothermic "," Oxaloacetate + Acetyl CoA ---> Citrate + CoASH. This reaction is? A. Reversible B. Exothermic C. Can be reversed by catalase D. Competitive Answer: B. Exothermic " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -The dose of radiation for point A for early and locally advancing cervical cancer during brachytherapy according to ABS guidelines is? -70-75Gy- 75-80Gy -75-75Gy- 80-85Gy -80-85Gy- 85-90Gy -85-90Gy- 90-95Gy Answer: C: 80-85Gy- 85-90Gy "," The dose of radiation for point A for early and locally advancing cervical cancer during brachytherapy according to ABS guidelines is? A. 70-75Gy- 75-80Gy B. 75-75Gy- 80-85Gy C. 80-85Gy- 85-90Gy D. 85-90Gy- 90-95Gy Answer: C. 80-85Gy- 85-90Gy " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: . Sulphasalazine is NOT used for the treatment of? A)Crohn's disease B)Rheumatoid ahritis C)Sarcoidosis D)Ulcerative colitis Answer:C- Sarcoidosis Sulhasalazine is not used for treatment of sarcoidosis As a treatment for sarcoidosis, these drugs are most likely to be effective in people who have skin symptoms or a high level of calcium in their blood. Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) and chloroquine (Aralen) are antimalarial drugs that are used to treat sarcoidosis Ref Davidson 23rd edtion pg 981 "," . Sulphasalazine is NOT used for the treatment of? A. Crohn's disease B. Rheumatoid ahritis C. Sarcoidosis D. Ulcerative colitis Answer: C. Sarcoidosis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which is NOT used in treatment of heroin dependence? 1 Disulfiram 2 Buprenorphine 3 Clonidine 4 Lofexidine Answer: Disulfiram Ans. is 'a' i.e., Disulfiram o Heroin is diamorphine and is 3 times more potent than morphine.Treatment of morphine or heroin poisoningo Treatment can be divided into:-A. Treatment of toxicity (overdose)# Overdose is a medical emergency, and is treated with opioid antagonist to reverse the complications (respiratory depression) by antagonizing the action on opioid receptors. Intravenous naloxone is the antagonist of choince for morphine (heroin) poisoning. Oral naltrexone is used for maintenance therapy, once acute poisoning has been treated by iv naloxone. Intravenous nalmefene is another specific antagonist.B. Treatment of dependence# Treatment of dependence include medically supervised withdrawal and detoxification, followed by maintenance therapy.a) Detoxificationo Detoxification process include abrupt withdrawal of opioid followed by management of the emergent withdrawal symptoms, i.e., treatment of withdrawal syndrome. Detoxification can be done by any of the following.1. Substitution of long-acting opioid agonism:- Methadone is the treatment of choice. Because of its agonistic activity on opioid receptors it suppresses withdrawal symptoms. L-alpha-acetyl-methadol/ Levomethyl (LAAM) is the other opioid agonist which was used for this purpose. However it is no longer in use because some patients developed prolonged QT intervals (torsades de points).2. Substitution of partial agonist:- Buprenorphine can be used in place of methadone because of its partial agonistic activity on opioid receptor.3. Substitution by a2 agonists:- Clonidine acts as a sympatholytic agent due to its agonistic action on central presynaptic a2 receptors which reduce nor-adrenergic activity. Therefore, clonidine reduces the adrenergic withdrawal symptoms. Lofexidine another a2 agonist, is an alternative to clonidine.4. Clonidine plus naltrexone:- A more rapid detoxification can occur when clonidine is used along with naltrexone. Naltrexone, when given in opioid dependent patient, causes withdrawal symptoms because of its antagonistic action. These can be treated with clonidine. The addition of short acting Benzodiazepine (lorazepam or oxazepam) and NSAIDs, will help relieve withdrawl symptoms not covered by clonidine. It should be kept in mind that naltrexone should not be used alone for detoxification (to treat withdrawl syptoms) as it precipitates or worsens the withdrawl syndrome.5. Other drugs:- Dextropropoxyphene, diphenoxylateb) M aintenance therapyo Once detoxification phase is over (i.e., withdrawal symptoms have been managed), the patient is maintained on any of the following drugs to prevent relapse by reducing craving and preventing 'kick' or 'euphoria' produced by opioids (morphine or heroin). Drugs used are:-1. Methadone:- Reduces craving and 'kick/euphoria' from morphine or heroin because their opioid receptors are already occupied.2. LAAM and buprenorphine:- Similarly reduce craving.3. Opioid antagonists (naltrexone):- Naltrexone can be used orally to assist in the rehabilitation of exopioid abusers who are fully withdrawn (otherwise it induces an acute withdrawl syndrome). Naltrexone prevents relapse by discouraging substance seeking behavior - If a patient, who is on naltrexone maintenance therapy, takes an opioid, there is no 'kick' or 'euphoria' as opioid receptors are already blocked. Naltrexone can be used with clonidine as in detoxification. "," Which is NOT used in treatment of heroin dependence? A. Disulfiram B. Buprenorphine C. Clonidine D. Lofexidine Answer: A. Disulfiram " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Factor Xa is necessary for conversion of prothrombin to thrombin? a-Only in the extrinsic pathway b-Only in the intrinsic pathway c-As part of both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways d-Only if the normal blood clotting cascade is inhibited Answer:c, As part of both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways "," Factor Xa is necessary for conversion of prothrombin to thrombin? A. Only in the extrinsic pathway B. Only in the intrinsic pathway C. As part of both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways D. Only if the normal blood clotting cascade is inhibited Answer: C. As part of both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Which of the following is not a proinflammatory cytokine? -IL 10 -IL 8 -IL 11 -TNF alpha Answer: a: IL 10 "," Which of the following is not a proinflammatory cytokine? A. IL 10 B. IL 8 C. IL 11 D. TNF alpha Answer: A. IL 10 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Chronic lymphoedema of the limb is predisposed to all of the following except? -Thickening of the skin -Recurrent soft tissue infections -Marjolin' s ulcer -Sarcoma Answer: C: Marjolin' s ulcer "," Chronic lymphoedema of the limb is predisposed to all of the following except? A. Thickening of the skin B. Recurrent soft tissue infections C. Marjolin' s ulcer D. Sarcoma Answer: C. Marjolin' s ulcer " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most common cause of UTI in a neonate is? 1 E.coli 2 S. aureus 3 Enterococcus 4 Anerobes Answer:1- E.coli "," Most common cause of UTI in a neonate is? A. E.coli B. S. aureus C. Enterococcus D. Anerobes Answer: A. E.coli " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following are causes for cholecystitis wxcept? a,Estrogen bOCP,c.Diabetes mellitus,d. Obesity Answer: c, Diabetes mellitus "," Which of the following are causes for cholecystitis wxcept? A. Estrogen B. OCP C. Diabetes mellitus D. Obesity Answer: C. Diabetes mellitus " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is false about cholangiocarcinoma? a - Investigation of choices MRCP b - Staging is done by PET CT c - Diagnosis is done by CECT d - Choledochal cyst is a risk factor. Answer: Staging is done by PET CT "," Which of the following is false about cholangiocarcinoma? A. Investigation of choices MRCP B. Staging is done by PET CT C. Diagnosis is done by CECT D. Choledochal cyst is a risk factor. Answer: B. Staging is done by PET CT " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A female undergone surgery for left breast cancer 3 yrs back now developed blue nodule on same side? 1 Lymphangiosarcoma 2 Recurrence 3 Hemangioma 4 Cellulitis Answer:1- Lymphangiosarcoma "," A female undergone surgery for left breast cancer 3 yrs back now developed blue nodule on same side? A. Lymphangiosarcoma B. Recurrence C. Hemangioma D. Cellulitis Answer: A. Lymphangiosarcoma " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Gp2b3A inhibitors are all except? A.Abciximab B.Eptifibatide C.Tirofiban D.Prasugrel Answer:D. Prasugrel Ans. is 'd' i.e., Prasugrel Glycoproteins lIb / IIIa inhibitorso The platelet glycoprotein mediates platelet aggregation via binding of adhesive proteins such as fibrinogen and Von Willebrand factor.o GP lib / Ilia inhibitors, inhibit platelet aggregation by blocking GPIIb / IlIa.o They are more complete inhibitors than either aspirin or clopidogrel / ticlopidinejj because they inhibit final pathway in platelet aggregation (whether it is mediated by ADP or TXA2), while aspirin blocks only TXA2 pathway and clopidogrel blocks only ADP pathway,o Drugs are -o In addition to inhibiting Gp lib / Ilia receptor, abciximab also inhibits ay(33 receptor (which binds vitronectin) and amb2 (a leukocyte integerin). This action is responsible for anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties of abciximab. "," Gp2b3A inhibitors are all except? A. Abciximab B. Eptifibatide C. Tirofiban D. Prasugrel Answer: D. Prasugrel " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: 2-year-old child presents with sho stature and cafe-au lait spots. Bone marrow aspiration yields a little material and mostly containing fat. What is your diagnosis? Fanconi anemia Dyskeratosis congenita Tuberous sclerosis Osteogenesis imperfecta Answer: a "," 2-year-old child presents with sho stature and cafe-au lait spots. Bone marrow aspiration yields a little material and mostly containing fat. What is your diagnosis? A. Fanconi anemia B. Dyskeratosis congenita C. Tuberous sclerosis D. Osteogenesis imperfecta Answer: A. Fanconi anemia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Epidemic hemorrhagic conjunctivitis is caused by? -HSV -HZV -HIV -Picorna virus Answer: d: Picorna virus "," Epidemic hemorrhagic conjunctivitis is caused by? A. HSV B. HZV C. HIV D. Picorna virus Answer: D. Picorna virus " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Heamorrhagic external otitis media is caused by? a)Influenza b)Proteus c)Streptococcus d)Staphylococcus Answer:a, Influenza Otitis externa haemorrhagica It is characterized by for mation of haemorrhagic bullae on the tympanic membrane and deep meatus. It is probably viral in origin and may be seen in influenza epidemics. The condition causes severe pain in the ear and blood-stained discharge when the bullae rupture. Treatment: with analgesics is directed to give relief from pain. Antibiotics are given for secondary infection of the ear canal, or middle ear if the bulla has ruptured into the middle ear. Ref:- Dhingra; pg num:-52 "," Heamorrhagic external otitis media is caused by? A. Influenza B. Proteus C. Streptococcus D. Staphylococcus Answer: A. Influenza " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: RNA primer is synthesized by? a)Topoisomerase b)Helicase c)DNA primase d)DNA ligase Answer:c, DNA primase Ans. is 'c' i.e., DNA primase ProteinFunctionDNA polymerasesDeoxynucleotide polymerizationHelicasesProcessive unwinding of DNATopoisomerasesRelieve torsional strain that results from helicase-induced unwindingDNA primaseInitiates synthesis of RNA primersSingle-strand binding proteinsPrevent premature reannealling of dsDNADNA ligaseSeals the single strand nick between the nascent chain and Okazaki fragments on lagging strand "," RNA primer is synthesized by? A. Topoisomerase B. Helicase C. DNA primase D. DNA ligase Answer: C. DNA primase " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The process of hardening a cement matrix through hydration with oral fluids to achieve greater mechanical strength is known as? A.Maturation B.Setting C.Hardening D.Mineralization Answer:A. Maturation Maturation (cement)—The process of hardening a cement matrix through hydration with oral fluids to achieve greater mechanical strength. Ref: Phillip’s Science of Dental Materials ed 12 pg 309 "," The process of hardening a cement matrix through hydration with oral fluids to achieve greater mechanical strength is known as? A. Maturation B. Setting C. Hardening D. Mineralization Answer: A. Maturation " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Pseudo pocket is seen in the? a-Base of the pocket lies on cementum b-Gingivitis c-Periodontitis d-Base of the pocket and lies on alveolar bone Answer:b, Gingivitis "," Pseudo pocket is seen in the? A. Base of the pocket lies on cementum B. Gingivitis C. Periodontitis D. Base of the pocket and lies on alveolar bone Answer: B. Gingivitis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Main aim for treatment of TB ? 1 Prevention of complication 2 Prevention of disease transmission 3 Complete clinical cure 4 Complete bacteriological cure Answer: Complete bacteriological cure Ans. is 'd' i.e., Complete bacteriological cure Chemotherapy is indicated in every case of active tuberculosis. The objective of treatment is cure-that is, the elimination of both the fast and slowly multiplying bacilli from the patient's body. The effects of chemotherapy are judged not by the anatomic healing of lesions, but maily by the elimination of bacilli from the patient's sputum. "," Main aim for treatment of TB ? A. Prevention of complication B. Prevention of disease transmission C. Complete clinical cure D. Complete bacteriological cure Answer: D. Complete bacteriological cure " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which among the following is the BEST irrigating fluid during ECCE? A)Ringer lactate B)Normal saline C)Balanced salt solution D)Balanced salt solution + glutathione Answer:D- Balanced salt solution + glutathione BSS plus a balanced salt solution enhanced with bicarbonate, dextrose and glutathione. It is specially used for surgeries requiring prolonged irrigation such as phacoemulsification, pars plana vitrectomy and automated extracapsular cataract extraction. Balanced sterile solution is a sterile physiologically balanced irrigating fluid. It is the most frequently used solution during ophthalmic surgery to keep the cornea from drying out. BSS plus solution causes less corneal edema and endothelial cell damage following vitrectomy. The glutathione protects against depletion of endothelial ATP levels and maintains the integrity of the cell membrane by counteracting endogenous and exogenous oxidative agents. Ref: Surgical Technology for the Surgical Technologist: A Positive Care Approach By Association of Surgical Technologists page 223. Ocular Toxicity of Intraoperatively Used Drugs and Solutions By Rudolph Marie Matheus Antonius Nuijts page 16. Clinical Ophthalmology: Contemporary Perspectives, 9/e By Gupta page 43. "," Which among the following is the BEST irrigating fluid during ECCE? A. Ringer lactate B. Normal saline C. Balanced salt solution D. Balanced salt solution + glutathione Answer: D. Balanced salt solution + glutathione " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Incubation period of gonorrhoea is? a,Less than 24 hrs b1 to 2 days,c.2 to 15 days,d. 12 to 25 days Answer: c, 2 to 15 days "," Incubation period of gonorrhoea is? A. Less than 24 hrs B. 1 to 2 days C. 2 to 15 days D. 12 to 25 days Answer: C. 2 to 15 days " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Position of vocal cord in cadaver is? A.Median B.Paramedian C.Intermediate D.Full Abduction Answer:C. Intermediate The vocal fold of the excised larynx is known to be located at an intermediate position(the so-called cadaver position). "," Position of vocal cord in cadaver is? A. Median B. Paramedian C. Intermediate D. Full Abduction Answer: C. Intermediate " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Maximum urease +ve is produced by? a,H. pylori bP. mirabilis,c.K. rhinomatis,d. Ureaplasma Answer: a, H. pylori "," Maximum urease +ve is produced by? A. H. pylori B. P. mirabilis C. K. rhinomatis D. Ureaplasma Answer: A. H. pylori " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: About biotransformation not true ? A)Active metabolite generation B)Polar to less polar C)Less polar to more polar D)Generate active drug from prodrug Answer:B- Polar to less polar Ans. is 'b' i.e., Polar to less polar "," About biotransformation not true ? A. Active metabolite generation B. Polar to less polar C. Less polar to more polar D. Generate active drug from prodrug Answer: B. Polar to less polar " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: True about celiac disease -a) Villous atrophyb) Crypt hyperplasiac) Infiltration of lymphocytesd) Cryptitise) Superficial layer thinning? a,ab babc,c.acd,d. bcd Answer: b, abc "," True about celiac disease -a) Villous atrophyb) Crypt hyperplasiac) Infiltration of lymphocytesd) Cryptitise) Superficial layer thinning? A. ab B. abc C. acd D. bcd Answer: B. abc " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 47-year-old man suddenly develops high fever and hypotension. He has a generalized erythematous macular rash, and over the next day, develops gangrene of his left leg. Which of the following is the most likely organism? a-Corynebacterium diphtheriae b-Streptococcus group C c-Neisseria gonorrhoeae d-Streptococcus group A Answer:d, Streptococcus group A "," A 47-year-old man suddenly develops high fever and hypotension. He has a generalized erythematous macular rash, and over the next day, develops gangrene of his left leg. Which of the following is the most likely organism? A. Corynebacterium diphtheriae B. Streptococcus group C C. Neisseria gonorrhoeae D. Streptococcus group A Answer: D. Streptococcus group A " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -The cuspal inclines of the maxillary buccal cusps and the mandibular lingual cusps should be grounded if they are in deflective occlusal contact in? -Working position only -Balancing position only -Both working and balancing positions -Central position Answer: A Working position only "," The cuspal inclines of the maxillary buccal cusps and the mandibular lingual cusps should be grounded if they are in deflective occlusal contact in? A. Working position only B. Balancing position only C. Both working and balancing positions D. Central position Answer: A. Working position only " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Agonistic action at which of the following adrenergic receptor result in the reduction of excess secretion? a - Beta 1 receptor b - Beta 2 receptor c - M2 receptor d - Alpha 2 receptor Answer: Alpha 2 receptor "," Agonistic action at which of the following adrenergic receptor result in the reduction of excess secretion? A. Beta 1 receptor B. Beta 2 receptor C. M2 receptor D. Alpha 2 receptor Answer: D. Alpha 2 receptor " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -True about Bater&;s syndrome are all except? -Hyperkalemic alkalosis -Presents in neonate with ototoxicity have Bain gene mutation -Decreased K+ absorption from thick descending loop -Autosomal recessive Answer: A: Hyperkalemic alkalosis "," True about Bater&;s syndrome are all except? A. Hyperkalemic alkalosis B. Presents in neonate with ototoxicity have Bain gene mutation C. Decreased K+ absorption from thick descending loop D. Autosomal recessive Answer: A. Hyperkalemic alkalosis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In sebaceous glands, accumulation of sebum leads to? A)Milia B)Acne C)Epidermoid cyst D)Miliaria Answer:B, Acne "," In sebaceous glands, accumulation of sebum leads to? A. Milia B. Acne C. Epidermoid cyst D. Miliaria Answer: B. Acne " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Schwann cells are derived from? a)Neural crest cells b)Endoderm c)Mesoderm d)Ectoderm Answer:a, Neural crest cells "," Schwann cells are derived from? A. Neural crest cells B. Endoderm C. Mesoderm D. Ectoderm Answer: A. Neural crest cells " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Which drug is used for topical application in respiratory papillomatosis? -Acyclovir -Ranitidine -Cidofovir -Ribavirin Answer: C Cidofovir "," Which drug is used for topical application in respiratory papillomatosis? A. Acyclovir B. Ranitidine C. Cidofovir D. Ribavirin Answer: C. Cidofovir " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 74-year-old woman develops occipital headache, vomiting, and dizziness. She looks unwell, her blood pressure is 180/100 mm Hg, pulse is 70/min, and respirations are 30/min. She is unable to sit or walk because of unsteadiness. Over the next few hours, she develops a decline in her level of consciousness.For the above patient with altered level of consciousness, select the most likely diagnosis.? A)basal ganglia hemorrhage B)cerebellar hemorrhage C)pontine hemorrhage D)lobar intracerebral hemorrhage Answer:B- cerebellar hemorrhage Cerebellar hemorrhage, when mild, may present with only headache, vomiting, and ataxia of gait. Patients may complain of dizziness or vertigo. The eyes may be deviated to the side opposite the hemorrhage. Nystagmus is not common, but an ipsilateral sixth nerve palsy can occur. This is the only type of intracerebral hemorrhage that commonly benefits from surgical intervention. "," A 74-year-old woman develops occipital headache, vomiting, and dizziness. She looks unwell, her blood pressure is 180/100 mm Hg, pulse is 70/min, and respirations are 30/min. She is unable to sit or walk because of unsteadiness. Over the next few hours, she develops a decline in her level of consciousness.For the above patient with altered level of consciousness, select the most likely diagnosis.? A. basal ganglia hemorrhage B. cerebellar hemorrhage C. pontine hemorrhage D. lobar intracerebral hemorrhage Answer: B. cerebellar hemorrhage " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Maximum FiO2 which can be given through a nasal oxygen catheter:? a - 1 b - 0.6 c - 0.2 d - 0.44 Answer: 0.44 "," Maximum FiO2 which can be given through a nasal oxygen catheter:? A. 1 B. 0.6 C. 0.2 D. 0.44 Answer: D. 0.44 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: SSRIs should be carefully used in the young for the management of depression due to increase in? Nihilism ideation Guilt ideation Suicidal ideation Envious ideation Answer: C.Suicidal ideation "," SSRIs should be carefully used in the young for the management of depression due to increase in? A. Nihilism ideation B. Guilt ideation C. Suicidal ideation D. Envious ideation Answer: C. Suicidal ideation " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Diplopia is usually seen in ? Paralytic squint Non-paralytic squint Both of the above None of the above Answer: a "," Diplopia is usually seen in ? A. Paralytic squint B. Non-paralytic squint C. Both of the above D. None of the above Answer: A. Paralytic squint " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -All are feature(s) of Beckwidth-Wide man syndrome except? -Omphalocele -Macrosomia -Hyperglycemia -Visceromegaly Answer: C: Hyperglycemia "," All are feature(s) of Beckwidth-Wide man syndrome except? A. Omphalocele B. Macrosomia C. Hyperglycemia D. Visceromegaly Answer: C. Hyperglycemia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Abnormal mousy/mushy odour of urine is associated with? a-Phenylketonuria b-Tyrosinemia c-Maple syrup urine disease d-Hawkinsuria Answer:a, Phenylketonuria "," Abnormal mousy/mushy odour of urine is associated with? A. Phenylketonuria B. Tyrosinemia C. Maple syrup urine disease D. Hawkinsuria Answer: A. Phenylketonuria " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Surgery for elective hemicolectomy for carcinoma colon is described as? a-Clean b-Clean contaminated c-Dirty d-Contaminated Answer:b, Clean contaminated "," Surgery for elective hemicolectomy for carcinoma colon is described as? A. Clean B. Clean contaminated C. Dirty D. Contaminated Answer: B. Clean contaminated " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Double bubble sign is seen in? a-Ladd's band b-Annular pancreas c-Duodenal atresia d-All of the above Answer:d, All of the above "," Double bubble sign is seen in? A. Ladd's band B. Annular pancreas C. Duodenal atresia D. All of the above Answer: D. All of the above " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Periosteal reaction in a case of acute osteomyelitis can be seen earliest at: March 2012? a - 5 days b - 10 days c - 15 days d - 20 days Answer: 10 days "," Periosteal reaction in a case of acute osteomyelitis can be seen earliest at: March 2012? A. 5 days B. 10 days C. 15 days D. 20 days Answer: B. 10 days " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Thomas splint most troubling is? 1 Ring 2 Side bars 3 Gauze support 4 Traction attachment Answer:1 - Ring (a) Ringbecause it impinges against proximal thigh. "," Thomas splint most troubling is? A. Ring B. Side bars C. Gauze support D. Traction attachment Answer: A. Ring " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Barr body is absent in female having? -46 XX genome -45 X0 genome -47 XXX -All of the above Answer: b: 45 X0 genome "," Barr body is absent in female having? A. 46 XX genome B. 45 X0 genome C. 47 XXX D. All of the above Answer: B. 45 X0 genome " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Iliac crest involvement is common in which condition: March 2007? A)Ankylosing spondylitis B)Rheumatoid ahritis C)Reiter's syndrome D)Osteoahritis Answer:A- Ankylosing spondylitis Ans. A: Ankylosing Spondylitis The basic pathologic lesion of ankylosing spondylitis occurs at the entheses, which are sites of attachment to bone of ligaments, tendons, and joint capsules. Enthesopathy results from inflammation, with subsequent calcification and ossification at and around the entheses. Inflammation with cellular infiltration by lymphocytes, plasma cells, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes is associated with erosion and eburnation of the subligamentous bone. The process usually stas at the sacroiliac joints. Other enthesopathic sites include the iliac crest, ischial tuberosity, greater trochanter, patella, and calcaneum. Ankylosing spondylitis/ AS/ Bechterew's disease/ Bechterew syndrome/ Marie Strumpell disease/Spondyloahritis is a chronic, painful, degenerative inflammatory ahritis primarily affecting spine and sacroiliac joints, causing eventual fusion of the spine. AS is a systemic rheumatic disease and one of the seronegative spondyloahropathies. About 90% of the patients express the HLA-B27 genotype. Men are affected more than women by a ratio in excess of 10:1. Typical signs of progressed AS are the visible formation of syndesmophytes on X-rays and abnormal bone outgrowths similar to osteophytes affecting the spine. Complete fusion results in a complete rigidity of the spine, a condition known as bamboo spine. In 40% of cases, ankylosing spondylitis is associated with iridocyclitis causing eye pain and photophobia. 4.1 AS is also associated with ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, psoriasis, and Reiter's disease Other complications are aoic regurgitation, Achilles tendinitis, AV node block and amyloidosis & restrictive lung disease. A clinical examination and X-ray studies of the spine, which show characteristic spinal changes and sacroiliitis, are the major diagnostic tools. The Schober's test is a useful clinical measure of flexion of the lumbar spine performed during examination. "," Iliac crest involvement is common in which condition: March 2007? A. Ankylosing spondylitis B. Rheumatoid ahritis C. Reiter's syndrome D. Osteoahritis Answer: A. Ankylosing spondylitis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The typical bone marrow finding in ITP is:March 2004? 1 Absent megakaryocytes 2 Foam cells 3 Increased megakaryocytes 4 Fragmented megakaryocytes Answer: Increased megakaryocytes Ans. C i.e. Increased megakaryocytesDiagnosis of ITPDespite the destruction of platelets by splenic macrophages, the spleen is normally not enlarged.In fact, an enlarged spleen should lead to a search for other possible causes for the thrombocytopenia.Bleeding time is usually prolonged in ITP patients.Normal bleeding time does not exclude a platelet disorder.Bone marrow examination may be performed on patients over the age of 60 and those who do not respond to treatment, or when the diagnosis is in doubt.On examination of the marrow, an increase in the production of megakaryocytes may be observed and may help in establishing a diagnosis of ITP.An analysis for anti-platelet antibodies is a matter of clinician's preference "," The typical bone marrow finding in ITP is:March 2004? A. Absent megakaryocytes B. Foam cells C. Increased megakaryocytes D. Fragmented megakaryocytes Answer: C. Increased megakaryocytes " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The relationship of mean height of two group of children is best studied by? a-Student's test b-Linear regression c-Chi-square test d-Test of propoions Answer:a, Student's test "," The relationship of mean height of two group of children is best studied by? A. Student's test B. Linear regression C. Chi-square test D. Test of propoions Answer: A. Student's test " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Bitemporal hemianopic field defect is characteristic of? 1 Glaucoma 2 Optic neuritis 3 Pituitary tumor 4 Retinal detachment Answer:3 - Pituitary tumor Ans. is 'c' i.e. Pituitary tumour Bitemporal hemianopia results due to central (sagittal) lesion of the optic chiasma, common causes of which are tumors of the pituitary gland, craniopharyngioma, suprasellar meningioma, glioma of third ventricle, chiasmal arachnoiditis, third ventricular dilatation.Sites of lesion of visual path and corresponding field defects. Site of lesionField defect1. Optic nerveIpsilateral blindness2. Proximal part of ONIpsilateral blindness with contralateral hemianopia or superior quadrantanopia3. Central lesion of chiasmaBitemporal hemianopia4. Optic tractHomonymous hemianopia5. Temporal lobeQuadrantic homonymous defect6. Optic radiationHomonymous hemianopia7. Anteriorly in occipital cortexContralateral temporal crescentic field defect8. Occipital lobeHomonymous hemianopia (usually sparing the macula) "," Bitemporal hemianopic field defect is characteristic of? A. Glaucoma B. Optic neuritis C. Pituitary tumor D. Retinal detachment Answer: C. Pituitary tumor " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Preimplantataion genetic diagnosis is used for? a - Fetal gender determination b - Single gene mutation analysis c - HLA typing d - Karyotyping Answer: Single gene mutation analysis "," Preimplantataion genetic diagnosis is used for? A. Fetal gender determination B. Single gene mutation analysis C. HLA typing D. Karyotyping Answer: B. Single gene mutation analysis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 6-year-old child has an accident and had elbow, after 4 years presented with tingling and numbness in the ulnar side of finger, fracture is? 1 supra condylar humerus 2 lateral condylar humerus 3 olecranon 4 dislocation of elbow Answer:2- lateral condylar humerus "," A 6-year-old child has an accident and had elbow, after 4 years presented with tingling and numbness in the ulnar side of finger, fracture is? A. supra condylar humerus B. lateral condylar humerus C. olecranon D. dislocation of elbow Answer: B. lateral condylar humerus " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All are true about Cancer breast, except? A.Affected sibling is a risk factor B.Paget's disease of nipple is intraductal type of CA C.Common in aged nulliparous D.Increased incidence with prolonged breast feeding Answer:D. Increased incidence with prolonged breast feeding Ans. (d) Increased incidence with prolonged breast feeding* Paget's Disease is a superficial manifest of an underlying Intra ductal carcinoma breast "," All are true about Cancer breast, except? A. Affected sibling is a risk factor B. Paget's disease of nipple is intraductal type of CA C. Common in aged nulliparous D. Increased incidence with prolonged breast feeding Answer: D. Increased incidence with prolonged breast feeding " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The braggs peak is found in? a,Proton beam bMicrowave,c.UV Rays,d. Infrared Answer: a, Proton beam "," The braggs peak is found in? A. Proton beam B. Microwave C. UV Rays D. Infrared Answer: A. Proton beam " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The concetration of potassium in microgram in ORS is? a-30 meq b-20 meq c-90 meq d-60 meq Answer:b, 20 meq "," The concetration of potassium in microgram in ORS is? A. 30 meq B. 20 meq C. 90 meq D. 60 meq Answer: B. 20 meq " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Normal waist hip ratio of a female is below? A.0.7 B.0.8 C.0.9 D.1 Answer:B. 0.8 WHO CUT-OFF POINTS OF WHR Indicator CUT-OFF points Risk of metabolic complications Waist circumference >94 cm (M) >80 cm (W) Increased Hip cirrcumference >102 cm (M) >88 cm (W) Substantially increased Waist-Hip ratio >= 0.95(M) >= 0.80(W) Substantially increased Ref: Park 23rd edition Pgno : 400 WC & WHR, WHO Consultation 2008 "," Normal waist hip ratio of a female is below? A. 0.7 B. 0.8 C. 0.9 D. 1 Answer: B. 0.8 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Best statistical data diagram to depict incidence change over a period of tissue is? Pie char Histogram Scatter diagram Line diagram Answer: D.Line diagram "," Best statistical data diagram to depict incidence change over a period of tissue is? A. Pie char B. Histogram C. Scatter diagram D. Line diagram Answer: D. Line diagram " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In a patient of liver disease, which maneuvers, may lead to the development of hyperammonemia? Protein restriction The use of neomycin The use of loop diuretics A branched-chain amino acid-enriched protein mixture Answer: C, The use of loop diuretics "," In a patient of liver disease, which maneuvers, may lead to the development of hyperammonemia? A. Protein restriction B. The use of neomycin C. The use of loop diuretics D. A branched-chain amino acid-enriched protein mixture Answer: C. The use of loop diuretics " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Causative agent of Favus is? A)Tinea schoenleinii B)Tinea rubrum C)Malassezia furfur D)Epidermophyton floccosum Answer:A, Tinea schoenleinii "," Causative agent of Favus is? A. Tinea schoenleinii B. Tinea rubrum C. Malassezia furfur D. Epidermophyton floccosum Answer: A. Tinea schoenleinii " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A school nurse has a number of students with erythema infectiosum (Fifth Disease) in the grade school. She wants to send a letter home with the children to educate the parents about the disease. She would be correct in stating the following (select all that apply) A.It is caused by a virus (B19 human parvovirus) B.The reaction should last for 24-48 hrs C.Isolate the child if sx present D.Symptoms include slapped face appearance, maculopapular red spotted rash which is symmetrical and lacey appearance E.Offer aspirin for fever Answer: A,D "," A school nurse has a number of students with erythema infectiosum (Fifth Disease) in the grade school. She wants to send a letter home with the children to educate the parents about the disease. She would be correct in stating the following (select all that apply) A.It is caused by a virus (B19 human parvovirus) B.The reaction should last for 24-48 hrs C.Isolate the child if sx present D.Symptoms include slapped face appearance, maculopapular red spotted rash which is symmetrical and lacey appearance E.Offer aspirin for fever Answer: A. It is caused by a virus (B19 human parvovirus), D. Symptoms include slapped face appearance, maculopapular red spotted rash which is symmetrical and lacey appearance " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Lobar pneumonia is caused predominantly by? a,Klebsiella pneumoniae bStaphylococcus pyogenes,c.Haemophilus influenzae,d. Streptococcus pneumoniae Answer: d, Streptococcus pneumoniae "," Lobar pneumonia is caused predominantly by? A. Klebsiella pneumoniae B. Staphylococcus pyogenes C. Haemophilus influenzae D. Streptococcus pneumoniae Answer: D. Streptococcus pneumoniae " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 63 year old man presents with a triad of angina, syncope and congestive hea failure. Which of the following valvular hea lesion can be suspected? A.antral stenosis B.Tricuspid regurgitation C.Aoic stenosis D.Aoic regurgitation Answer:C. Aoic stenosis "," A 63 year old man presents with a triad of angina, syncope and congestive hea failure. Which of the following valvular hea lesion can be suspected? A. antral stenosis B. Tricuspid regurgitation C. Aoic stenosis D. Aoic regurgitation Answer: C. Aoic stenosis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: True statement regarding specific death rates? A.Specific for age and sex B.Identify particular group or groups ""at risk"" for preventive action C.Find out cause or disease specific D.All of the above Answer:D. All of the above (A1I of the above) (54- Park 20th)Specific death rates - may be (a) cause or disease specific e.g. TB, cancer, accidents (b) Related to specific groups e.g. age specific, sex specific, age and sex specific etc.* Rates can also be made specific for many others variables such as income, religion, race, housing etc.* Specific death rates can help us to identify particular groups or groups ""at risk"" for preventive action. They permit comparisons between different causes within the same populations* Specific death rates are obtained mainly in countries in which a satisfactory civil registration system operates and in which a high proportion of death is certified medically. "," True statement regarding specific death rates? A. Specific for age and sex B. Identify particular group or groups ""at risk"" for preventive action C. Find out cause or disease specific D. All of the above Answer: D. All of the above " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 48-year-old man complains of recurrent episodes of sudden-onset dizziness. He notices an abrupt onset of a ""spinning"" sensation when sitting up or lying down in bed. The symptoms last for 30 seconds and then resolve completely. He has no hearing change or other neurologic symptoms, and his physical examination is completely normal. A Dix-Hallpike maneuver reproduces his symptoms. Which of the following is the most likely mechanism for his vertigo symptoms? basilar migraine brain stem ischemic events benign cerebellar tumors calcium debris (calcium carbonate crystals) in the semicircular canals Answer: D.calcium debris (calcium carbonate crystals) in the semicircular canals "," A 48-year-old man complains of recurrent episodes of sudden-onset dizziness. He notices an abrupt onset of a ""spinning"" sensation when sitting up or lying down in bed. The symptoms last for 30 seconds and then resolve completely. He has no hearing change or other neurologic symptoms, and his physical examination is completely normal. A Dix-Hallpike maneuver reproduces his symptoms. Which of the following is the most likely mechanism for his vertigo symptoms? A. basilar migraine B. brain stem ischemic events C. benign cerebellar tumors D. calcium debris (calcium carbonate crystals) in the semicircular canals Answer: D. calcium debris (calcium carbonate crystals) in the semicircular canals " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In which of the following condition local excision in rectal carcinoma can not be done? Within 10 cm of the dentate line Lesion 2.7 cm Involvement of <30% bowel circumference T1 and T2 cancer with lymph node involvement Answer: d "," In which of the following condition local excision in rectal carcinoma can not be done? A. Within 10 cm of the dentate line B. Lesion 2.7 cm C. Involvement of <30% bowel circumference D. T1 and T2 cancer with lymph node involvement Answer: D. T1 and T2 cancer with lymph node involvement " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most specific enzyme for mi is? a - Cpk-MM b - Cpk-MB c - Cpk-BB d - LDH Answer: Cpk-MB "," Most specific enzyme for mi is? A. Cpk-MM B. Cpk-MB C. Cpk-BB D. LDH Answer: B. Cpk-MB " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Relining of complete denture is not indicated when? A.Denture contains broken teeth B.There is excessive resorption of the ridge C.Vertical dimension is excessively reduced and has to be changed D.Centric relation does not coincide with centric occlusion Answer:C. Vertical dimension is excessively reduced and has to be changed "," Relining of complete denture is not indicated when? A. Denture contains broken teeth B. There is excessive resorption of the ridge C. Vertical dimension is excessively reduced and has to be changed D. Centric relation does not coincide with centric occlusion Answer: C. Vertical dimension is excessively reduced and has to be changed " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Menke's Kinky hair syndrome is due to defect in? Ca transporter Cu transporter Zn transporter Se transporter Answer: B.Cu transporter "," Menke's Kinky hair syndrome is due to defect in? A. Ca transporter B. Cu transporter C. Zn transporter D. Se transporter Answer: B. Cu transporter " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Maternal moality rate is? a-Maternal deaths / 100000 live bihs b-Maternal death /100 live bihs c-Maternal death /1000 bihs d-Maternal death /1000 live bihs Answer:a, Maternal deaths / 100000 live bihs "," Maternal moality rate is? A. Maternal deaths / 100000 live bihs B. Maternal death /100 live bihs C. Maternal death /1000 bihs D. Maternal death /1000 live bihs Answer: A. Maternal deaths / 100000 live bihs " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -A non diabetic, non hypertensive patient has some extra beats in pulse. Doctor informed that is benign and no intervention required. But patient is worried that it is a serious cardiac disorder and is still going for repeated investigation & going from doctor to doctor. This is a type of? -Conversion disorder -Hypochondriosis -Somatization -Depression Answer: B: Hypochondriosis "," A non diabetic, non hypertensive patient has some extra beats in pulse. Doctor informed that is benign and no intervention required. But patient is worried that it is a serious cardiac disorder and is still going for repeated investigation & going from doctor to doctor. This is a type of? A. Conversion disorder B. Hypochondriosis C. Somatization D. Depression Answer: B. Hypochondriosis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A client has received several doses of midazolam. The nurse assesses the client to be difficult to arouse with respirations of 6 breaths/min. What actions by the nurse are most important? (Select all that apply.) a. Administer oxygen per protocol. b. Obtain one dose of flumazenil. c. Obtain naloxone, 0.04 mg for IV push. d. Ensure suction is working e. Transfer the client to intensive care. f. Monitor client every 10 to 15 minutes for the next 2 hours. Answer: A, D, E Midazolam is a benzodiazepine and its reversal agent is flumazenil. Naloxone is for opioid reversal. The nurse would apply oxygen as prescribed or by policy and obtain several doses at once because the drug can be given every 2 to 3 minutes if needed. Flumazenil can cause vomiting, so the nurse ensures suction equipment is present and working. Since flumazenil is metabolized more quickly than the midazolam, the client must be monitored every 10 to 15 minutes for the next 2 hours. The client may or may not need to be transferred. "," A client has received several doses of midazolam. The nurse assesses the client to be difficult to arouse with respirations of 6 breaths/min. What actions by the nurse are most important? (Select all that apply.) A. Administer oxygen per protocol. B. Obtain one dose of flumazenil. C. Obtain naloxone, 0.04 mg for IV push. D. Ensure suction is working E. Transfer the client to intensive care. F. Monitor client every 10 to 15 minutes for the next 2 hours. Answer: A. Administer oxygen per protocol, D. Ensure suction is working, E. Transfer the client to intensive care " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Vitamin K is ivolved in the posttranslational modification? A)Glutamate B)Aspartate C)Leucine D)Lysine Answer:A, Glutamate "," Vitamin K is ivolved in the posttranslational modification? A. Glutamate B. Aspartate C. Leucine D. Lysine Answer: A. Glutamate " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which is the only living pa of Hydatid cyst? Adventitia Germinal epithelium Laminated membrane Parenchyma of the organ Answer: b "," Which is the only living pa of Hydatid cyst? A. Adventitia B. Germinal epithelium C. Laminated membrane D. Parenchyma of the organ Answer: B. Germinal epithelium " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Postponing paying attention of conscious impulse or conflict is a mature defence mechanism known as? A)Sublimation B)Suppression C)Humor D)Anticipation Answer:B- Suppression Suppression is pushing of unwanted feelings into unconscious which has reached conscious awareness. "," Postponing paying attention of conscious impulse or conflict is a mature defence mechanism known as? A. Sublimation B. Suppression C. Humor D. Anticipation Answer: B. Suppression " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Which of the following has to be present for diagnosis of major depressive disorder? -Loss of interest or pleasure -Recurrent suicidal tendency -Insomnia -Indecisiveness Answer: A: Loss of interest or pleasure "," Which of the following has to be present for diagnosis of major depressive disorder? A. Loss of interest or pleasure B. Recurrent suicidal tendency C. Insomnia D. Indecisiveness Answer: A. Loss of interest or pleasure " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: True about Caspases is? A)Involved in apoptosis B)Cause necrosis C)Involved in pain pathway D)Are cytokines inhibitor Answer:A, Involved in apoptosis "," True about Caspases is? A. Involved in apoptosis B. Cause necrosis C. Involved in pain pathway D. Are cytokines inhibitor Answer: A. Involved in apoptosis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Function of peroxisomes is? -Generate hydrogen peroxide -Degrade hydrogen peroxide -Both - Answer: C Both "," Function of peroxisomes is? A. Generate hydrogen peroxide B. Degrade hydrogen peroxide C. Both D. Answer: C. Both " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which body pa is represented superiorly and medially within the postcentral gyrus? Upper limb Lower limb Abdomen Genitalia Answer: b "," Which body pa is represented superiorly and medially within the postcentral gyrus? A. Upper limb B. Lower limb C. Abdomen D. Genitalia Answer: B. Lower limb " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The nurse is administering medications to a patient. Which actions by the nurse during this process are consistent with promoting safe delivery of care? (Select all that apply.) a. Throws away a medication that is not labeled b. Uses a hand sanitizer before preparing a medication c. Identifies the patient by the room number on the door d. Checks lab test results before administering a diuretic e. Gives the patient a list of current medications upon discharge Answer: a, b, d, e Rationale: National Patient Safety Goals have been established to promote safe delivery of care. The nurse should use at least two reliable ways to identify the patient such as asking the patient's full name and date of birth before medication administration. Other actions that improve patient safety include performing hand hygiene, disposing of unlabeled medications, completing appropriate assessments before administering medications, and giving a list of the current medicines to the patient and caregiver before discharge. "," The nurse is administering medications to a patient. Which actions by the nurse during this process are consistent with promoting safe delivery of care? (Select all that apply.) A. Throws away a medication that is not labeled B. Uses a hand sanitizer before preparing a medication C. Identifies the patient by the room number on the door D. Checks lab test results before administering a diuretic E. Gives the patient a list of current medications upon discharge Answer: a, b, d, e A. Throws away a medication that is not labeled B. Uses a hand sanitizer before preparing a medication D. Checks lab test results before administering a diuretic E. Gives the patient a list of current medications upon discharge " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Drug used to prolong action of LA in Hypeensive pts? Clonidine Felypressin Dexmeditomidate Noradrenalin Answer: B, Felypressin "," Drug used to prolong action of LA in Hypeensive pts? A. Clonidine B. Felypressin C. Dexmeditomidate D. Noradrenalin Answer: B. Felypressin " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 33-yr old man presented with a slowly progressive swelling in the middle 113d of his right tibia. X-rays examination revealed multiple sharply demarcated radiolucent lesions separated by areas of dense and sclerotic bone. Microscopic examination of a biopsy specimen revealed island of epithelial cells in a fibrous stroma. Which of the following is the most probable diagnosis? Adamantinoma Osteofibrous dysplasia Osteosarcoma Fibrous coical defect Answer: A, Adamantinoma "," A 33-yr old man presented with a slowly progressive swelling in the middle 113d of his right tibia. X-rays examination revealed multiple sharply demarcated radiolucent lesions separated by areas of dense and sclerotic bone. Microscopic examination of a biopsy specimen revealed island of epithelial cells in a fibrous stroma. Which of the following is the most probable diagnosis? A. Adamantinoma B. Osteofibrous dysplasia C. Osteosarcoma D. Fibrous coical defect Answer: A. Adamantinoma " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Headache, apathy and deteriorating level of consciousness occurring weeks after head injury suggests;? A.Chronic subdral haematoma. B.Pontine hemorrhage C.Continuing cerebral. D.Depressed skull fracture. Answer:A. Chronic subdral haematoma. "," Headache, apathy and deteriorating level of consciousness occurring weeks after head injury suggests;? A. Chronic subdral haematoma. B. Pontine hemorrhage C. Continuing cerebral. D. Depressed skull fracture. Answer: A. Chronic subdral haematoma. " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Features of vernal keratoconjunctivitis are – a) Papillary hypertrophyb) Follicular hypertrophyc) Herbert's pitsd) Tantra\'s Spote) Ciliary congestion? a,b bc,c.ac,d. ad Answer: d, ad "," Features of vernal keratoconjunctivitis are – a) Papillary hypertrophyb) Follicular hypertrophyc) Herbert's pitsd) Tantra\'s Spote) Ciliary congestion? A. b B. c C. ac D. ad Answer: D. ad " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: DNA dependent RNA synthesis is inhibited by? A)Rifampicin B)Ethambutol C)Colchicine D)Chloromycetin Answer:A- Rifampicin Rifampicin "," DNA dependent RNA synthesis is inhibited by? A. Rifampicin B. Ethambutol C. Colchicine D. Chloromycetin Answer: A. Rifampicin " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Superior suprarenal aery originates from? a)Abdominal aoa b)Renal aery c)Inferior phrenic aery d)Splenic aery Answer:c, Inferior phrenic aery Inferior phrenic aery "," Superior suprarenal aery originates from? A. Abdominal aoa B. Renal aery C. Inferior phrenic aery D. Splenic aery Answer: C. Inferior phrenic aery " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The principal characteristics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder are all of the following except one. Which one is the exception? 1 Inattention 2 Mental retardation 3 Hyperactivity 4 Impulsivity Answer:2 - Mental retardation Inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity are the key behaviors of ADHD. Some people with ADHD only have problems with one of the behaviors, while others have both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity. Most children have the combined type of ADHD. In preschool, the most common ADHD symptom is hyperactivity. It is normal to have some inattention, unfocused motor activity, and impulsivity, but for people with ADHD, these behaviors: Are more severe Occur more often Interfere with or reduce the quality of how they function socially, at school, or in a job. "," The principal characteristics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder are all of the following except one. Which one is the exception? A. Inattention B. Mental retardation C. Hyperactivity D. Impulsivity Answer: B. Mental retardation " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -During a hysterectomy and an oophorectomy, the uterine and ovarian vessels must be ligated. These vessels can be found in which ligaments? -Broad and ovarian -Broad and suspensory -Round and ovarian -Round and suspensory Answer: B Broad and suspensory "," During a hysterectomy and an oophorectomy, the uterine and ovarian vessels must be ligated. These vessels can be found in which ligaments? A. Broad and ovarian B. Broad and suspensory C. Round and ovarian D. Round and suspensory Answer: B. Broad and suspensory " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -First to recover from post-operative ileus? -Small intestine -Stomach -Colon - Answer: A Small intestine "," First to recover from post-operative ileus? A. Small intestine B. Stomach C. Colon D. Answer: A. Small intestine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Following poisoning retards putrefaction: NEET 13? A)Aluminium phosphide B)Lead C)Arsenic D)Copper Answer:C- Arsenic Ans. Arsenic "," Following poisoning retards putrefaction: NEET 13? A. Aluminium phosphide B. Lead C. Arsenic D. Copper Answer: C. Arsenic " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is used in exocytosis? a-Ca b-Mg c-Na d-K Answer:a, Ca "," Which of the following is used in exocytosis? A. Ca B. Mg C. Na D. K Answer: A. Ca " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: During extraction of the upper first molar, the mesio buccal root is missing and is suspected to have been pushed into the maxillary sinus. The best position for the patient immediately after the incident is? A.To position the patient upright B.To position the patients in a semi inclined posture to visualize the perforation C.Trendelenberg position D.Reverse trendelenberg position Answer:A. To position the patient upright "," During extraction of the upper first molar, the mesio buccal root is missing and is suspected to have been pushed into the maxillary sinus. The best position for the patient immediately after the incident is? A. To position the patient upright B. To position the patients in a semi inclined posture to visualize the perforation C. Trendelenberg position D. Reverse trendelenberg position Answer: A. To position the patient upright " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Least conduction velocity is seen in? A)AV node B)Purkinje fibers C)Bundle of His D)Ventricular myocardial fibres Answer:A- AV node "," Least conduction velocity is seen in? A. AV node B. Purkinje fibers C. Bundle of His D. Ventricular myocardial fibres Answer: A. AV node " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Testicular artery usually arises from? A.Abdominal aorta below renal artery B.Renal artery C.Internal iliac artery D.Ext iliac artery Answer:A. Abdominal aorta below renal artery Ans) a (Abdominal aorta ....) Ref Chaurasia vol 2 pg 186Testicular artery is a branch of abdominal aorta given off at the level of vertebrae L2.Venous drainageVeins emerging from the testis forms pampiniform plexus. Plexus condenses into 4 veins at the superficial inguinal ring & into 2 veins at the deep inguinal ring.Ultimately one vein is formed which drains into IVC (on right side) or left renal vein (on left side). "," Testicular artery usually arises from? A. Abdominal aorta below renal artery B. Renal artery C. Internal iliac artery D. Ext iliac artery Answer: A. Abdominal aorta below renal artery " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 15 year is diagnosed with coarctation of the aorta, which of the following would be expected assessment (select all that apply) a. BP 172/98 in left arm b. BP 84/96 Right arm c. Headache d. +3 pulses in both arms e. +3 pulses in both legs Answer: a,c,d "," A 15 year is diagnosed with coarctation of the aorta, which of the following would be expected assessment (select all that apply) A. BP 172/98 in left arm B. BP 84/96 Right arm C. Headache D. +3 pulses in both arms E. +3 pulses in both legs Answer: A. BP 172/98 in left arm, C. Headache, D. +3 pulses in both arms " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: ARDS true? A)Type 2 respiratory failure B)Lung compliance decreased C)Increase in diffusion capacity D)none Answer:B, Lung compliance decreased "," ARDS true? A. Type 2 respiratory failure B. Lung compliance decreased C. Increase in diffusion capacity D. none Answer: B. Lung compliance decreased " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is not false about annual risk of TB? A.ARI of 1% = 75 new cases B.Current ARI in India is 1.7% C.It is represents new cases of TB D.It is assessed by tuberculin conversion in previously non-vaccinated children Answer:D. It is assessed by tuberculin conversion in previously non-vaccinated children Incidence of TB infection (Annual infection rate, Annual risk of Infection ARI) : Percentage of population under study who will be newly infected (not diseased or cases) with TB among Non-infected in 1 year. Expresses attacking force of TB in community In developing countries 1% ARI corresponds to: 50 SS +ve cases per 100,000 general population Tuberculin conversion index is the ""best indicator for evaluation of TB problem and its trend"" in the community. Current ARI in India : 1.5% Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 190-191 "," Which of the following is not false about annual risk of TB? A. ARI of 1% = 75 new cases B. Current ARI in India is 1.7% C. It is represents new cases of TB D. It is assessed by tuberculin conversion in previously non-vaccinated children Answer: D. It is assessed by tuberculin conversion in previously non-vaccinated children " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All of the following benzodiazepines can be used in the elderly and those with liver disease EXCEPT? a,Lorazepam bOxazepam,c.Triazolam,d. Diazepam Answer: d, Diazepam "," All of the following benzodiazepines can be used in the elderly and those with liver disease EXCEPT? A. Lorazepam B. Oxazepam C. Triazolam D. Diazepam Answer: D. Diazepam " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -The commonest site of surgical uretero-vaginal fistula is? -Below infudibulopelvic ligament -Below uterine aery in the mackenrodts ligament -Vaginal angle -Above uterine aery Answer: B: Below uterine aery in the mackenrodts ligament "," The commonest site of surgical uretero-vaginal fistula is? A. Below infudibulopelvic ligament B. Below uterine aery in the mackenrodts ligament C. Vaginal angle D. Above uterine aery Answer: B. Below uterine aery in the mackenrodts ligament " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: EMLA constituent is –? 1 Lidocaine + Cocaine 2 Lidocaine + Prilocaine 3 Lidocaine + Bupivacaine 4 Bupivacaine + Prilocaine Answer:2- Lidocaine + Prilocaine "," EMLA constituent is –? A. Lidocaine + Cocaine B. Lidocaine + Prilocaine C. Lidocaine + Bupivacaine D. Bupivacaine + Prilocaine Answer: B. Lidocaine + Prilocaine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Effort during normal respiration is done due to? -Lung elasticity -Respiratory air passages -Alveolar air spaces -Creating negative pleural pressure Answer: a: Lung elasticity "," Effort during normal respiration is done due to? A. Lung elasticity B. Respiratory air passages C. Alveolar air spaces D. Creating negative pleural pressure Answer: A. Lung elasticity " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most common type of hypospadias is: September 2011? a)Glandular b)Penile c)Coronal d)Perineal Answer:a, Glandular Ans. A: Glandular Glandular hypospadias is common and does not usually require treatment Hypospadias: The external meatus opens on the underside of the penis or the perineum, and the inferior aspect of the prepuce is poorly developed (hooded prepuce) Meatal stenosis occurs Bifid scrotum 6 - 10 months of age is the best time for surgery "," Most common type of hypospadias is: September 2011? A. Glandular B. Penile C. Coronal D. Perineal Answer: A. Glandular " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The following drugs have significant drug interactions with digoxin except? A.Cholestyramine B.Thiazide diuretics C.Quinidine D.Amlodipine Answer:D. Amlodipine Ref:KDT 6/e p499 Cholestyramine inhibits itestinal absorption of digoxin. Thiazides result in hypokalemia and thus make precipitate digitalis toxicity by pharmacodynamic interaction. Quinidine and verampil reduces the exceion of digoxin and does make precipitate toxicity (pharmacokinetic interaction) "," The following drugs have significant drug interactions with digoxin except? A. Cholestyramine B. Thiazide diuretics C. Quinidine D. Amlodipine Answer: D. Amlodipine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which soft tissue sarcoma commonly gives to bone secondaries: (PGI June 2008)? 1 Fibrosarcoma 2 Liposarcoma 3 Osteosarcoma 4 Neurofibroma Answer: Osteosarcoma Ans. C (Osteosarcoma) ""Any cancer can spread to bone ,but in adults more than 75% of skeletal metastases originate from cancers of the prostate,breast,kidney & lung. In children, metastases to bone originate from Neuroblastoma, Wilm's tumor, Osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma & Rhabdomyosarcoma""- Robbins7th/1303Sarcoma Metastasizing through lymhatics (causing L.N involvement) LymhosarcomaQ RhabdomyosarcomaQ AngiosarcomaQ Clear cell sarcomaQ Epithelial sarcoma M aligna nt fibrous histiocytomaQ Synovial cell sarcomaQ "," Which soft tissue sarcoma commonly gives to bone secondaries: (PGI June 2008)? A. Fibrosarcoma B. Liposarcoma C. Osteosarcoma D. Neurofibroma Answer: C. Osteosarcoma " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Culture media used for leptospira? 1 MYPA agar 2 BYCE agar 3 EMJH Medium 4 Skirrow's medium Answer: EMJH Medium Culture media for leptospira is EMJH media, Korthof's, Stuart's and fletcher's media. "," Culture media used for leptospira? A. MYPA agar B. BYCE agar C. EMJH Medium D. Skirrow's medium Answer: C. EMJH Medium " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Laser Endometrial ablation is done in abnormal uterine bleeding in all cases except? Women not preferring surgery Small uterine fibroids Women preferring reproductive function Failed medical treatment Answer: C.Women preferring reproductive function "," Laser Endometrial ablation is done in abnormal uterine bleeding in all cases except? A. Women not preferring surgery B. Small uterine fibroids C. Women preferring reproductive function D. Failed medical treatment Answer: C. Women preferring reproductive function " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Inferior angle of scapula is at the level of? -T4 -T5 -T6 -T7 Answer: d: T7 "," Inferior angle of scapula is at the level of? A. T4 B. T5 C. T6 D. T7 Answer: D. T7 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following endocrine tumors is most commonly seen in MEN I ? a)Insulinoma b)Gastrinoma c)Glucagonoma d)Somatotrophinoma Answer:b, Gastrinoma In MEN 1 : * Gastrinoma (>50%) * Insulinoma (10-30%) * Glucagonoma (<3%) * Somatotrophinoma (25%) Reference : page 2336 Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 19th edition "," Which of the following endocrine tumors is most commonly seen in MEN I ? A. Insulinoma B. Gastrinoma C. Glucagonoma D. Somatotrophinoma Answer: B. Gastrinoma " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Lines of Blaschko&;s are along? A)Lymphatics B)Nervs C)Developmental D)Blood vessels Answer:C- Developmental Blaschko&;s lines, are lines of normal cell development in the skin. These lines are invisible under normal conditions. "," Lines of Blaschko&;s are along? A. Lymphatics B. Nervs C. Developmental D. Blood vessels Answer: C. Developmental " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -A patient on t/t for psychiatric disorder takes overdose of a drug, develops bradycardia, hypotension, decreased sweating and salivation. The likely drug is? -Amitryptilline -Lithium -Selegiline -Amphetamine Answer: a "," A patient on t/t for psychiatric disorder takes overdose of a drug, develops bradycardia, hypotension, decreased sweating and salivation. The likely drug is? A. Amitryptilline B. Lithium C. Selegiline D. Amphetamine Answer: A. Amitryptilline " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following cause Teratogenecity? Vit. C Vit. E Vit. A Vit. D Answer: C.Vit. A "," Which of the following cause Teratogenecity? A. Vit. C B. Vit. E C. Vit. A D. Vit. D Answer: C. Vit. A " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most useful for sex determination is: Kerala 08? a-Skull b-Femur c-Pelvis d-Tibia Answer:c, Pelvis "," Most useful for sex determination is: Kerala 08? A. Skull B. Femur C. Pelvis D. Tibia Answer: C. Pelvis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: How much Potassium is present in the Ringer Lactate solution? 1 1 mEq/L 2 4 mEq/L 3 2 mEq/L 4 6 mEq/L Answer:2 - 4 mEq/L Ans. is 'b' i.e., 4 mEq/L SolutionVolumebNa+K+Ca2+Mg2+Cl-hco3 (as la- ctate)Dext rose(g/L)mOsm/LExtracellular fluid--14245310327 280-310Lactated ringer's--13043--10928--2730.9% NaCl--154------154----3080.45% NaCl--77------77----154D5W--------------50252D5/0.45% NaCl--77------77--50406D5LR--13043--10928505253% NaCl--513------513----1,0267.5% NaCl--1,283------1,283----2,5676% hetastarch500154------154---- .31010% dextran-405000/154deg------0/154deg----3006% dextran-705000/154deg------0/154deg----3005% albumin250, 500130-160<2.5----130-160----33025% albumin20,50,100130-160<2.5----130-160----330Plasma protein fraction250, 500145 145 300 "," How much Potassium is present in the Ringer Lactate solution? A. 1 mEq/L B. 4 mEq/L C. 2 mEq/L D. 6 mEq/L Answer: B. 4 mEq/L " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: True regarding amaurosis fugax are all except? Transient, recurrent episodes of visual loss Binocular lesion Embolus from carotid aery is commonest cause Ocular examination may be normal Answer: B, Binocular lesion "," True regarding amaurosis fugax are all except? A. Transient, recurrent episodes of visual loss B. Binocular lesion C. Embolus from carotid aery is commonest cause D. Ocular examination may be normal Answer: B. Binocular lesion " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Signal from Baroreceptors goes to? a-Caudal ventrolateral medulla b-Rostral dorsolateral medulla c-Nucleus of tractus solitarius d-None of the above Answer:c, Nucleus of tractus solitarius "," Signal from Baroreceptors goes to? A. Caudal ventrolateral medulla B. Rostral dorsolateral medulla C. Nucleus of tractus solitarius D. None of the above Answer: C. Nucleus of tractus solitarius " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Lower lobe fibrosis is seen in? -Silicosis -Sarcoidosis -Cystic Fibrosis -Asbestosis Answer: D Asbestosis "," Lower lobe fibrosis is seen in? A. Silicosis B. Sarcoidosis C. Cystic Fibrosis D. Asbestosis Answer: D. Asbestosis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A young lady with symptoms of hypehyroidism with elevated T4 and TSH levels. On examination, patient was not experiencing Tachycardia or excessive sweating.Fuher examination reveals bitemporal hemianopia. Next step of management? A.Sta beta blockers immediately B.Conservative management sufficient C.Sta antithyroid drugs and wait for symptoms to resolve. D.Sta antithyroid drugs and do urgent MRI Answer:D. Sta antithyroid drugs and do urgent MRI "," A young lady with symptoms of hypehyroidism with elevated T4 and TSH levels. On examination, patient was not experiencing Tachycardia or excessive sweating.Fuher examination reveals bitemporal hemianopia. Next step of management? A. Sta beta blockers immediately B. Conservative management sufficient C. Sta antithyroid drugs and wait for symptoms to resolve. D. Sta antithyroid drugs and do urgent MRI Answer: D. Sta antithyroid drugs and do urgent MRI " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most definitive diagnosis of sinusitis is by? a - X- ray PNS b - Proof puncture c - Sinuscopy d - Transillumination test Answer: Sinuscopy "," Most definitive diagnosis of sinusitis is by? A. X- ray PNS B. Proof puncture C. Sinuscopy D. Transillumination test Answer: C. Sinuscopy " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Mooning is a form of? -Exhibitionism -Transvestism -Voyeurism -Eonism Answer: a "," Mooning is a form of? A. Exhibitionism B. Transvestism C. Voyeurism D. Eonism Answer: A. Exhibitionism " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is a characteristic radiological finding in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis –? a,Gas in the portal system bGas in the intestinal wall,c.Pneumoperitonium,d. Air fluid levels Answer: b, Gas in the intestinal wall "," Which of the following is a characteristic radiological finding in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis –? A. Gas in the portal system B. Gas in the intestinal wall C. Pneumoperitonium D. Air fluid levels Answer: B. Gas in the intestinal wall " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All the following are seen in Hyperparathyroidism except? A)Subperiosteal erosion of bone B)Loss of lamina dura C)Calvarial thickening D)Pepper - pot skull Answer:C- Calvarial thickening Calvarial thickening is a feature of Hypoparathyroidism. "," All the following are seen in Hyperparathyroidism except? A. Subperiosteal erosion of bone B. Loss of lamina dura C. Calvarial thickening D. Pepper - pot skull Answer: C. Calvarial thickening " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Macrosomia is a? A)Large size baby B)Big mouth C)Large head D)Large tongue Answer:A, Large size baby "," Macrosomia is a? A. Large size baby B. Big mouth C. Large head D. Large tongue Answer: A. Large size baby " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Normal value of ankle branchial index is? 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 Answer: B, 1 "," Normal value of ankle branchial index is? A. 0.8 B. 1 C. 1.2 D. 1.4 Answer: B. 1 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Resting membrane potential of nerve is equal to equilibrium potential of? Na+ Cl- K+ HCO3- Answer: B.Cl- "," Resting membrane potential of nerve is equal to equilibrium potential of? A. Na+ B. Cl- C. K+ D. HCO3- Answer: B. Cl- " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Ketamine can be given by all of following routes except? A)IV B)IM C)SC D)Nasally Answer:C- SC Ketamine has been administered intravenously, orally , rectally, intramuscularly and epidural route and very rare intranasal but not subcutaneous "," Ketamine can be given by all of following routes except? A. IV B. IM C. SC D. Nasally Answer: C. SC " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Finger print bureau was first established in the following country? A)India B)England C)USA D)France Answer:A, India "," Finger print bureau was first established in the following country? A. India B. England C. USA D. France Answer: A. India " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Incomplete closure of palpebral apeure is called: March 2004? a-Lagophthalmos b-Chalazion c-Entropion d-Ectropion Answer:a, Lagophthalmos "," Incomplete closure of palpebral apeure is called: March 2004? A. Lagophthalmos B. Chalazion C. Entropion D. Ectropion Answer: A. Lagophthalmos " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Late metabolic acidosis is seen in? A)Term infant given formula feed B)Preterm baby getting cow milk C)Long term breast feeding D)None of the above Answer:B- Preterm baby getting cow milk Ans. is 'b' i.e., Preterm baby getting cow milk Late metabolic acidosis (LMA) o Late metabolic acidosis is a special type of acidosis in apparently healthy premature infant. o This hyperchloremic acidosis appeares during second and third week of life, and resolves spontaneously within a couple of weeks. Definition ""An acidosis occuring after second day of life, in which base excess values are lower than -5meq/L on two consecutive estimations done at least 24 hours apa"". Etiology o Prematurity is the most impoant single predisposing factor in the development of LMA. o The incidence varies considerably depending upon the gestational maturity and protein content of feeding formula. o In preterm neonates fed on a modified cow's milk the risk of developing LMA is very high. "," Late metabolic acidosis is seen in? A. Term infant given formula feed B. Preterm baby getting cow milk C. Long term breast feeding D. None of the above Answer: B. Preterm baby getting cow milk " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A dense persistent nephrogram may be seen in all of the following except? a)Acute ureteral obstruction b)Systemic hypeension c)Severe hydronephrosis d)Dehydration Answer:b, Systemic hypeension B i.e. Systemic hypeension "," A dense persistent nephrogram may be seen in all of the following except? A. Acute ureteral obstruction B. Systemic hypeension C. Severe hydronephrosis D. Dehydration Answer: B. Systemic hypeension " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -The most potent drugs to reduce plasma cholesterol level are? -Plant sterols -Fibrates -Anion exchange resins -Statins Answer: D Statins "," The most potent drugs to reduce plasma cholesterol level are? A. Plant sterols B. Fibrates C. Anion exchange resins D. Statins Answer: D. Statins " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Adder Head"" appearance is found in? A.X-ray B.USG C.IVP D.CT Answer:C. IVP VP "," Adder Head"" appearance is found in? A. X-ray B. USG C. IVP D. CT Answer: C. IVP " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Deformity in transient synovitis of Hip ? a-Abduction b-Flexion c-External rotation d-All of the above Answer:d, All of the above "," Deformity in transient synovitis of Hip ? A. Abduction B. Flexion C. External rotation D. All of the above Answer: D. All of the above " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Clinical features of infectious mononucleosis? a-Glandular involvement b-Febrile c-Palatine petechiae d-All of the above Answer:d, All of the above "," Clinical features of infectious mononucleosis? A. Glandular involvement B. Febrile C. Palatine petechiae D. All of the above Answer: D. All of the above " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: True about peripheral nerve injury in upper limb-a) Radial nerve injury cause anaesthesia over anatomical snuff boxb) Median nerve injury cause wrist dropc) Ulnar nerve injury cause claw handd) Index finger anesthesia is caused by median nerve injurye) Thumb anaesthesia is caused by ulnar nerve injury? abc ad acd bde Answer: C, acd "," True about peripheral nerve injury in upper limb-a) Radial nerve injury cause anaesthesia over anatomical snuff boxb) Median nerve injury cause wrist dropc) Ulnar nerve injury cause claw handd) Index finger anesthesia is caused by median nerve injurye) Thumb anaesthesia is caused by ulnar nerve injury? A. abc B. ad C. acd D. bde Answer: C. acd " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 4-month-old infant has undergone surgical treatment for meningomyeloencephalocele. At bih, an operation was carried out in the posterior cranial fossa to paially replace brain cerebellar contents to an intracranial position. In investigations for progressive hydrocephalus, it is noted that there is herniation of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum, and a diagnosis of Arnold-Chiari syndrome is established. This syndrome may also include which of the following? 1 Fusion of the frontal lobes 2 Fusion of the temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes 3 Abnormal elongation of the medulla and lower cranial nerves 4 Paial or complete absence of the pituitary gland Answer:3- Abnormal elongation of the medulla and lower cranial nerves "," A 4-month-old infant has undergone surgical treatment for meningomyeloencephalocele. At bih, an operation was carried out in the posterior cranial fossa to paially replace brain cerebellar contents to an intracranial position. In investigations for progressive hydrocephalus, it is noted that there is herniation of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum, and a diagnosis of Arnold-Chiari syndrome is established. This syndrome may also include which of the following? A. Fusion of the frontal lobes B. Fusion of the temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes C. Abnormal elongation of the medulla and lower cranial nerves D. Paial or complete absence of the pituitary gland Answer: C. Abnormal elongation of the medulla and lower cranial nerves " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 40-year old male presents with history of vomiting of blood 2 hours ago. The volume of vomitus was estimated to be 500 ml. His BP was 90/58 mm Hg and pulse was 110/min. On abdominal examination, the spleen was palpable 5 cm below the costal margin. The most likely cause of the bleeding is? Portal hypertension Gastric ulcer Duodenal ulcer Drug-induced mucosal erosion Answer: A.Portal hypertension "," A 40-year old male presents with history of vomiting of blood 2 hours ago. The volume of vomitus was estimated to be 500 ml. His BP was 90/58 mm Hg and pulse was 110/min. On abdominal examination, the spleen was palpable 5 cm below the costal margin. The most likely cause of the bleeding is? A. Portal hypertension B. Gastric ulcer C. Duodenal ulcer D. Drug-induced mucosal erosion Answer: A. Portal hypertension " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All are true about popliteus except? Flexes the knee Unlocks the knee . Inserted on medial meniscus Intracapsular Answer: C, Inserted on medial meniscus "," All are true about popliteus except? A. Flexes the knee B. Unlocks the knee . C. Inserted on medial meniscus D. Intracapsular Answer: C. Inserted on medial meniscus " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Blood stained sputum may be the only symptom in? A)Bronchiectasis B)Carcinoma bronchus C)Adenoma bronchus D)Pulmonary T.B. Answer:C- Adenoma bronchus Ans. is 'c' i.e., Adenoma bronchus "," Blood stained sputum may be the only symptom in? A. Bronchiectasis B. Carcinoma bronchus C. Adenoma bronchus D. Pulmonary T.B. Answer: C. Adenoma bronchus " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Strength of topical ophthalmic preparations of tobramycin is : September 2009? -3 mg/ ml -8 mg/ ml -10 mg/ml -13 mg/ml Answer: A 3 mg/ ml "," Strength of topical ophthalmic preparations of tobramycin is : September 2009? A. 3 mg/ ml B. 8 mg/ ml C. 10 mg/ml D. 13 mg/ml Answer: A. 3 mg/ ml " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: MHC restriction is a pa of all except aEUR'? A)Antiviral cytotoxic T cell B)Antibacterial helper T cell/cytotoxic cells C)Allograft rejection D)Autoimmune disorder Answer:D, Autoimmune disorder "," MHC restriction is a pa of all except aEUR'? A. Antiviral cytotoxic T cell B. Antibacterial helper T cell/cytotoxic cells C. Allograft rejection D. Autoimmune disorder Answer: D. Autoimmune disorder " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Delayed pubey is when primary amenorrhea is seen without development of secondary sexual characters beyond the age of? 12 years 14 years 16 years 18 years Answer: c "," Delayed pubey is when primary amenorrhea is seen without development of secondary sexual characters beyond the age of? A. 12 years B. 14 years C. 16 years D. 18 years Answer: C. 16 years " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Anakinra is a? -IL - 1 antagonist -IL - 2 antagonist -IL - 6 antagonist -IL - 10 antagonist Answer: a "," Anakinra is a? A. IL - 1 antagonist B. IL - 2 antagonist C. IL - 6 antagonist D. IL - 10 antagonist Answer: A. IL - 1 antagonist " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A tracheostomised patient, with poex tracheostomy tube, in the ward, developed sudden complete blockage of the tube. Which of the following is best next step in the management? A)Immediate removal of the tracheostomy tube B)Suction of tube with sodium bicarbonate C)Suction of tube with saline D)Jet ventilation Answer:A- Immediate removal of the tracheostomy tube Immediate removal of the tracheostomy tube is best next step in the management in the above case -Suction of tube with sodium bicarbonate is done to avoid the blockage. -Suction of the tube with saline can't be used when there's a complete obstruction. - Jet ventilation is done below the level of larynx, when we're operating on the larynx. "," A tracheostomised patient, with poex tracheostomy tube, in the ward, developed sudden complete blockage of the tube. Which of the following is best next step in the management? A. Immediate removal of the tracheostomy tube B. Suction of tube with sodium bicarbonate C. Suction of tube with saline D. Jet ventilation Answer: A. Immediate removal of the tracheostomy tube " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In psychoanalytic terms, obsessive-compulsive disorder is fixed at? 1 Oedipal stage 2 Genital stage 3 Oral stage 4 Anal stage Answer:4 - Anal stage OCD results from a regression from the oedipal phase to anal phase of psychosexual development, i.e. In OCD fixation occurs in anal stage (Note - Regression is reversion from higher level of development to lower level of development). "," In psychoanalytic terms, obsessive-compulsive disorder is fixed at? A. Oedipal stage B. Genital stage C. Oral stage D. Anal stage Answer: D. Anal stage " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: During Sx for meningioma, the left paracentral lobule was injured. It would lead to paresis of? A.Rt. Leg and perineus B.Left face C.Right face D.Right shoulder & trunk Answer:A. Rt. Leg and perineus Ans. is 'a' i.e Rt. Leg and perineum Paracentral lobule:On the medial surface of cerebral hemisphere, the U shaped gyrus around the end of the central sulcus is the paracentral lobule.Motor cortex is located in the precentral gyrus on the superolateral surface of the hemisphere and in the anterior part of the paracentral lobule.Stimulation in this area results in movements in the opposite half of the body.The body is represented upside down in this area.A look at the motor homunculus in Ganong will show that the leg and perineum are represented in the paracentral lobule. "," During Sx for meningioma, the left paracentral lobule was injured. It would lead to paresis of? A. Rt. Leg and perineus B. Left face C. Right face D. Right shoulder & trunk Answer: A. Rt. Leg and perineus " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Drug causing malignant hyperthermia:(Asked twice in the exam)? A.Cisatracurium B.Suxamethonium C.Propofol D.Thiopentone Answer:B. Suxamethonium Ans. b. SuxamethoniumSuxamethonium is the drug most commonly responsible for causing malignant hyperthermia.'Drugs causing malignant hyperthermia are- succinylcholine (most common cause), halothane (MC inhalational agent), iso/des/sevo/methoxy- fluranes, lignocaine, TCA, MAO inhibitors and phenothiazines.''Thiopentone and pancuronium are protective drugs for malignant hyperthermia, as these raise the triggering threshold.''In malignant hyperthermia susceptible patients, safe anesthetics are N2O, Non-depolarizing muscle relaxants (atracurium), opiates, tranquilizers, etomidate, barbiturates (thiopentone) and propofol.'Malignant Hyperthermia* Autosomal dominant genetic disorder of skeletal muscle* Occurs in susceptible individuals due to exposure to some triggering agents, typically Suxamethonium or volatile agents, which cause an abnormal increase in intracellular calcium.* It is caused by dysregulation of excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle.Triggering Agents:* Succinylcholine (most common cause)* Halothane (MC inhalational agent)* Halogenated Anesthesia:- Fluranes: Isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane. methoxy-flurane- Ether- Cyclopropane* Lignocaine* TCA* MAO inhibitors* PhenothiazinesClinical Features:* Rise in end tidal CO2 (1st sign)* Masseter muscle rigidity (MMR) and tachycardia are earliest sign* Hypermetabolic features, metabolic acidosis, fever, hyperthermia* Sympathetic over activity: Tachycardia, arrhythmia, unstable BP. initial hypertension* Muscle damage: Masseter muscle spasm, generalized rigidity, hyperkalemiaTretment:* Triggering agent must be stopped and hyperventilate with 100% oxygen* The mainstay of therapy is immediate administration of IV dantrolene.* Dantrolene is the only drug effective in reversing the symptoms and preventing the episode. "," Drug causing malignant hyperthermia:(Asked twice in the exam)? A. Cisatracurium B. Suxamethonium C. Propofol D. Thiopentone Answer: B. Suxamethonium " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: B cell prolymphocytic leukemia patients differ from those with B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia in? 1 Presenting at a younger age 2 Having a lower total leucocyte count 3 Having prominent lymphadenopathy 4 Having a shorter survival Answer:4- Having a shorter survival "," B cell prolymphocytic leukemia patients differ from those with B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia in? A. Presenting at a younger age B. Having a lower total leucocyte count C. Having prominent lymphadenopathy D. Having a shorter survival Answer: D. Having a shorter survival " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is not a feature of consolidation? Increased vocal resonance Dull Percussion note Bronchial Breath sounds Tracheal shift to side of consolidation Answer: d "," Which of the following is not a feature of consolidation? A. Increased vocal resonance B. Dull Percussion note C. Bronchial Breath sounds D. Tracheal shift to side of consolidation Answer: D. Tracheal shift to side of consolidation " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Metoprolol is preferred over Propranolol as it: September 2010? A)Is more potent in blocking beta-1 receptors B)Is more potent in blocking beta-2 receptors C)Is more effective in suppressing essential tremors D)Impairs exercise capacity Answer:A- Is more potent in blocking beta-1 receptors Ans. A: Is more potent in blocking beta-1 receptors Metoprolol is cardioselective beta blocker, more potent in blocking beta-1 than beta-2 adrenergic receptors. "," Metoprolol is preferred over Propranolol as it: September 2010? A. Is more potent in blocking beta-1 receptors B. Is more potent in blocking beta-2 receptors C. Is more effective in suppressing essential tremors D. Impairs exercise capacity Answer: A. Is more potent in blocking beta-1 receptors " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Which of the following is a difference between herpangina and primary herpetic stomatitis? -It is preceded by prodromal symptoms -It is unilateral in nature -Ulcers relationship seen on the anterior faucial pillars -Viral etiology Answer: c: Ulcers relationship seen on the anterior faucial pillars "," Which of the following is a difference between herpangina and primary herpetic stomatitis? A. It is preceded by prodromal symptoms B. It is unilateral in nature C. Ulcers relationship seen on the anterior faucial pillars D. Viral etiology Answer: C. Ulcers relationship seen on the anterior faucial pillars " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Fatal period in sulphuric acid poisoning is? a-2-4 hours b-6-10 hoursd c-12-16 hours d-8-14 hours Answer:c, 12-16 hours "," Fatal period in sulphuric acid poisoning is? A. 2-4 hours B. 6-10 hoursd C. 12-16 hours D. 8-14 hours Answer: C. 12-16 hours " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Most common radiation induced cancer? -Thyroid Carcinoma -Breast Carcinoma -Leukemia -Sarcomas Answer: c: Leukemia "," Most common radiation induced cancer? A. Thyroid Carcinoma B. Breast Carcinoma C. Leukemia D. Sarcomas Answer: C. Leukemia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Primary complex in which of the following sites suggest congenital tuberculosis? a-Lungs b-Liver c-Lymph nodes d-Skin Answer:b, Liver "," Primary complex in which of the following sites suggest congenital tuberculosis? A. Lungs B. Liver C. Lymph nodes D. Skin Answer: B. Liver " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is not a component of transpo system? A.Receptor activation B.Selective gate C.Non-selective channel D.Energy coupling system Answer:A. Receptor activation "," Which of the following is not a component of transpo system? A. Receptor activation B. Selective gate C. Non-selective channel D. Energy coupling system Answer: A. Receptor activation " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Swan neck deformity? Flexion at PIP and DIP joint Extention at PIP and DIP joint Flexion at PIP and Extention at DIP joint Extention at PIP and Flexion at DIP joint Answer: d "," Swan neck deformity? A. Flexion at PIP and DIP joint B. Extention at PIP and DIP joint C. Flexion at PIP and Extention at DIP joint D. Extention at PIP and Flexion at DIP joint Answer: D. Extention at PIP and Flexion at DIP joint " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 14-year-old girl presents with quadriparesis, facial palsy, winging of scapula and ptosis. There is h/o similar illness in father and brother but less severe. Her CPK level is also raised (500IU/L). She is probably suffering from? A.Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy B.Becker muscular dystrophy C.Limb-girdle dystrophy D.Scapulofaciohumeral dystrophy Answer:D. Scapulofaciohumeral dystrophy Facial muscle involvement is not seen with Becker and Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy Emery Dreifuss and Becker are XLR disease so can't be present in a girl child. Hence by exclusion the diagnosis is Dx: Scapulo-Faciohumeraldystrophy. Facio-Scapulo-humeral dystrophy Autosomal dominant inheritance and has an onset in childhood or young adulthood. Facial weakness is the initial manifestation-->inability to smile, whistle or fully close the eyes. Weakness of the shoulder girdles-->makes arm elevation difficult. Scapular winging becomes apparent with attempts at abduction and forward movement of the arms. The serum CK level may be normal or mildly elevated. No specific treatment is available, ankle-foot ohoses are helpful for foot-drop. "," A 14-year-old girl presents with quadriparesis, facial palsy, winging of scapula and ptosis. There is h/o similar illness in father and brother but less severe. Her CPK level is also raised (500IU/L). She is probably suffering from? A. Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy B. Becker muscular dystrophy C. Limb-girdle dystrophy D. Scapulofaciohumeral dystrophy Answer: D. Scapulofaciohumeral dystrophy " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Orange-skin cornea results due to? -Chalcosis -Siderosis -Ammonia burn -Mustard gas Answer: D Mustard gas "," Orange-skin cornea results due to? A. Chalcosis B. Siderosis C. Ammonia burn D. Mustard gas Answer: D. Mustard gas " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Healing of a wound which simply restores the continuity of the diseased marginal gingiva is known as? Regeneration new attachment Repair reattachment Answer: C, Repair "," Healing of a wound which simply restores the continuity of the diseased marginal gingiva is known as? A. Regeneration B. new attachment C. Repair D. reattachment Answer: C. Repair " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 38-year-old woman complains to her physician of chronic pelvic pain that is much worse during her menstrual periods. Pelvic examination demonstrates an enlarged uterus with multiple palpable masses. Ultrasound shows that a large number of ball-like masses up to 6 cm diameter are present in the uterus. Most cases of this type of tumor are found at which of the following sites? Intramurally in the cervix of the uterus Intramurally in the fundus or body of the uterus Submucosally in the cervix of the uterus Submucosally in the fundus or body of the uterus Answer: b "," A 38-year-old woman complains to her physician of chronic pelvic pain that is much worse during her menstrual periods. Pelvic examination demonstrates an enlarged uterus with multiple palpable masses. Ultrasound shows that a large number of ball-like masses up to 6 cm diameter are present in the uterus. Most cases of this type of tumor are found at which of the following sites? A. Intramurally in the cervix of the uterus B. Intramurally in the fundus or body of the uterus C. Submucosally in the cervix of the uterus D. Submucosally in the fundus or body of the uterus Answer: B. Intramurally in the fundus or body of the uterus " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Hobnail pattern is seen in which type of RCC? -Clear cell -Papillary -Chromophobe -Collecting duct Answer: D: Collecting duct "," Hobnail pattern is seen in which type of RCC? A. Clear cell B. Papillary C. Chromophobe D. Collecting duct Answer: D. Collecting duct " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Low bih weight baby is defined as baby weighing: September 2006? 1 1000 gm 2 1500 gm 3 2000 gm 4 2500 gm Answer:4- 2500 gm "," Low bih weight baby is defined as baby weighing: September 2006? A. 1000 gm B. 1500 gm C. 2000 gm D. 2500 gm Answer: D. 2500 gm " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 9-month-old girl is brought with PR bleed, vomiting, mass in right lumbar region with masked liver dullness. She is in shock like condition. Management should include all of the following EXCEPT? Barium enema IV fluid Give O2 Nasogastric tube Answer: a "," A 9-month-old girl is brought with PR bleed, vomiting, mass in right lumbar region with masked liver dullness. She is in shock like condition. Management should include all of the following EXCEPT? A. Barium enema B. IV fluid C. Give O2 D. Nasogastric tube Answer: A. Barium enema " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following has strongest association with osteosarcoma? a-Wilms tumor b-Retinoblastoma c-Rhabdomyosarcoma d-Ewings tumor Answer:b, Retinoblastoma "," Which of the following has strongest association with osteosarcoma? A. Wilms tumor B. Retinoblastoma C. Rhabdomyosarcoma D. Ewings tumor Answer: B. Retinoblastoma " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Cluster testing is used in the detection of? STD Diabetes Measles Cancer Answer: a "," Cluster testing is used in the detection of? A. STD B. Diabetes C. Measles D. Cancer Answer: A. STD " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Platelet transfusion is not indicated in? a-Dilutional Thrombocytopenia b-Immunogenic Thrombocytopenia c-Aplastic Anemia d-DIC Answer:b, Immunogenic Thrombocytopenia "," Platelet transfusion is not indicated in? A. Dilutional Thrombocytopenia B. Immunogenic Thrombocytopenia C. Aplastic Anemia D. DIC Answer: B. Immunogenic Thrombocytopenia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Lalita, a female pt. presents with pigmentation of the lips and oral mucosa and intestinal polyps. Her sister also gives the same history. Most probable diagnosis is? a-Carcinoid tumor b-Melanoma c-Villous adenoma d-Peutz-Jegher syndrome Answer:d, Peutz-Jegher syndrome "," Lalita, a female pt. presents with pigmentation of the lips and oral mucosa and intestinal polyps. Her sister also gives the same history. Most probable diagnosis is? A. Carcinoid tumor B. Melanoma C. Villous adenoma D. Peutz-Jegher syndrome Answer: D. Peutz-Jegher syndrome " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: What is the best example(s) of the role of the nurse as a communicator? Select all that apply. A)Calling a health care provider about a client's blood pressure B)Telling a friend about something that happened to a client that day C)Informing the physical therapist that the client's therapy was discontinued D)Discussing laboratory values with a client E)Telling a client one's blood pressure Answer: D, E "," What is the best example(s) of the role of the nurse as a communicator? Select all that apply. A. Calling a health care provider about a client's blood pressure B. Telling a friend about something that happened to a client that day C. Informing the physical therapist that the client's therapy was discontinued D. Discussing laboratory values with a client E. Telling a client one's blood pressure Answer: D. Discussing laboratory values with a client, E. Telling a client one's blood pressure " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: High spinal anaesthesia is characterized by? a,Hypertension, tachycardia bHypertension, bradycardia,c.Hypotension, tachycardia,d. Hypotension, bradycardia Answer: d, Hypotension, bradycardia "," High spinal anaesthesia is characterized by? A. Hypertension, tachycardia B. Hypertension, bradycardia C. Hypotension, tachycardia D. Hypotension, bradycardia Answer: D. Hypotension, bradycardia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Patient with fixed dilated pupil, with iris atrophy and secondary glaucoma after penetrating keratoplasty is suggestive of? 1 Benedict's syndrome 2 Posner-Shlossman syndrome 3 Kaufmann's syndrome 4 Urrets Zavalia syndrome Answer:4- Urrets Zavalia syndrome "," Patient with fixed dilated pupil, with iris atrophy and secondary glaucoma after penetrating keratoplasty is suggestive of? A. Benedict's syndrome B. Posner-Shlossman syndrome C. Kaufmann's syndrome D. Urrets Zavalia syndrome Answer: D. Urrets Zavalia syndrome " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease features include? A)Can be diagnosed intrauterine B)Proceeds to renal failure till children reaches school going age C)Can be palpated abdominally D)Hypertension doesn't develop until late stages of the disease Answer:A- Can be diagnosed intrauterine Ans. A. Can be diagnosed intrauterineExplanationClinical features of ARPKD (Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease) are:Classic ARPKD is generally diagnosed in utero or within the neonatal period and characterized by greatly enlarged echogenic kidneys in diseased fetuses. (Option a)Reduced fetal urine production may contribute to oligohydramnios and pulmonary hypoplasia.About 30% of affected neonates die shortly after birth due to respiratory insufficiency. Close to 60% of mortality occurs within the first month of life.In the classic group, most patients are bom with renal insufficiency and ESRD (End stage renal disease). (Option b)However, infants often have a transient improvement in their GFR; death from renal insufficiency at this stage is rare.Some patients are diagnosed after the neonatal stage and form the older group. Morbidity and mortality in this group often involve systemic hypertension, progressive renal insufficiency, and liver manifestations.The hallmarks of ARPKD liver disease are biliary dysgenesis due to a primary ductal plate malformation with associated periportal fibrosis, namely congenital hepatic fibrosis (CHF) and dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts (Caroli's disease). CHF and Caroli's disease can then lead to portal hypertension exhibiting hepatosplenomegaly, variceal bleeding, and cholangitis.Some patients with the diagnosis of ARPKD at 1 year of age with nephromegaly exhibit slowly declining renal function over 20 years with only minimally enlarged kidneys at ESRD (Option c and e) and markedly atrophic kidneys following renal transplantation.The slow progression of renal disease is likely due to increasing fibrosis rather than the development of cysts.Systemic hypertension is common in all ARPKD patients, even those with normal renal function. (option d) "," Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease features include? A. Can be diagnosed intrauterine B. Proceeds to renal failure till children reaches school going age C. Can be palpated abdominally D. Hypertension doesn't develop until late stages of the disease Answer: A. Can be diagnosed intrauterine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Trendlenburg's test done for varicose veins is for detection of? A)Perforator in competency B)Deep veins patency C)Saphenofemoral incompetency D)Site of perforators Answer:C- Saphenofemoral incompetency Ans: C (Saphenofemoral incompetency) Ref : 74 A Manual on Clinical Surgery S. DasExplanation:Clinical Examination of Varicose VeinsBrodie-Trendelenherg TestDone to determine the incompetency of Saphenofemoral valve.Patient is placed in recumbent position.Limbs are raised to empty the veins. Veins are milked proximally for further emptying.Saphenofemoral junction is compressed either with the thumb of the examiner/toumiquet and the patient is asked to stand up quickly.There are two variants of this test.The first method is to assess saphenofemoral incompetency. The pressure is released and if the column of blood fills up quickly from above downwards it indicates saphenofemoral incompetency.The second method is to assess the perforators. Here, the pressure is maintained for one minute. Gradual filling of the veins during this period indicates incompetent perforators allowing reflux of blood from deep veins to superficial veins.Positive Brodie--Trendelenberg test i~ an indication for surgery.Tests to Assess Saphenofemoral IncompetencyBrodie -Trendelenberg testMorrisey's cough impulse testTests to Assess Deep VeinsPerthe's testModified Perthe's testTests to Assess PerforatorsMultiple tourniquet testPratt's testFegan's testBrodie-Trendelenberg testTest to Assess V alves in Superficial VeinSchwartz testNote:Even though Brodie-Trendelenberg test is used to assess both saphenofemoral incompetency and incompetent perforators its primary purpose is to assess saphenofemoral incompetency. "," Trendlenburg's test done for varicose veins is for detection of? A. Perforator in competency B. Deep veins patency C. Saphenofemoral incompetency D. Site of perforators Answer: C. Saphenofemoral incompetency " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 20 years female has hepatosplenomegaly, fever, pallor and generalized lymphadenopathy. Lab test useful for diagnosis is/are -a) ESRb) Electrophoresisc) Parasite detection in aspirated) ELISAe) Routine haemogram? a-acd b-ace c-cde d-ade Answer:b, ace "," A 20 years female has hepatosplenomegaly, fever, pallor and generalized lymphadenopathy. Lab test useful for diagnosis is/are -a) ESRb) Electrophoresisc) Parasite detection in aspirated) ELISAe) Routine haemogram? A. acd B. ace C. cde D. ade Answer: B. ace " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Local anaesthetics? a - Block the release of neurotransmitters b - Block the influx of sodium into the cell c - Increase the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters d - Inhibit the efflux of sodium from neurons Answer: Block the influx of sodium into the cell "," Local anaesthetics? A. Block the release of neurotransmitters B. Block the influx of sodium into the cell C. Increase the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters D. Inhibit the efflux of sodium from neurons Answer: B. Block the influx of sodium into the cell " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 12-year-old boy reported with a class II and div 1 malocclusion with proclined upper incisor and deep bite. Intraoral examination revealed a bilaterally symmetrical face, convex profile, potentially competent Lips with normal incisor display during rest and smile. Cephalometric finding showed that the patient had a horizontal growth direction with CVMI stage III, increased overjet and normal lower incisor inclination What would be the appliance of choice for this patient? a-Twin block b-Activator c-Bioator d-Supermarionator Answer:a, Twin block "," A 12-year-old boy reported with a class II and div 1 malocclusion with proclined upper incisor and deep bite. Intraoral examination revealed a bilaterally symmetrical face, convex profile, potentially competent Lips with normal incisor display during rest and smile. Cephalometric finding showed that the patient had a horizontal growth direction with CVMI stage III, increased overjet and normal lower incisor inclination What would be the appliance of choice for this patient? A. Twin block B. Activator C. Bioator D. Supermarionator Answer: A. Twin block " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All of the following structure lies outside the cavernous sinus except? A.Sphenoidal air sinus B.Internal carotid aery C.Foramen lacerum D.Maxillary nerve Answer:D. Maxillary nerve structures outside the sinus: 1. Superiorly: optic tract, optic chiasma, olfactory tract, internal carotid aery and anterior perforated substance. 2.inferiorly: foramen lacerum and the junction of the body and greater wing of the sphenoid bone 3.medically: hypophysis cerebri and sphenoidal air sinus 4.laterally: temporal lobe with uncus 5.below laterally: mandibular nerve 6.anteriorly: superior orbital fissure and apex of the orbit 7.posteriorly: apex of the petrous temporal and the crus cerebri of the midbrain Ref BDC volume 3:sixth edition pg 193 "," All of the following structure lies outside the cavernous sinus except? A. Sphenoidal air sinus B. Internal carotid aery C. Foramen lacerum D. Maxillary nerve Answer: D. Maxillary nerve " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -All of the following passes through lesser sciatic foramen, except ? -Pudendal nerve -Internal pudendal vessels -Nerve to obturator internus -Inferior gluteal vessels Answer: d "," All of the following passes through lesser sciatic foramen, except ? A. Pudendal nerve B. Internal pudendal vessels C. Nerve to obturator internus D. Inferior gluteal vessels Answer: D. Inferior gluteal vessels " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: TYNDALLISATION is a type of? A)intermittent sterilization B)pasteurisation C)boiling D)autoclaving Answer:A- intermittent sterilization "," TYNDALLISATION is a type of? A. intermittent sterilization B. pasteurisation C. boiling D. autoclaving Answer: A. intermittent sterilization " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Which is the most common lymphoma in adults? -Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) -Hodgkin lymphoma -Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) -Follicular lymphoma Answer: c "," Which is the most common lymphoma in adults? A. Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) B. Hodgkin lymphoma C. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) D. Follicular lymphoma Answer: C. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Which of the following is a K+ channel opener ? -Nifedipine -Minoxidil -Enalapril -Atenolol Answer: b: Minoxidil "," Which of the following is a K+ channel opener ? A. Nifedipine B. Minoxidil C. Enalapril D. Atenolol Answer: B. Minoxidil " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following agents is likely to cause cerebral calcification and hydrocephalus in a newborn whose mother has history of taking spiramycin but was not compliant with therapy? Rubella Toxoplasmosis CMV Herpes Answer: B.Toxoplasmosis "," Which of the following agents is likely to cause cerebral calcification and hydrocephalus in a newborn whose mother has history of taking spiramycin but was not compliant with therapy? A. Rubella B. Toxoplasmosis C. CMV D. Herpes Answer: B. Toxoplasmosis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All the following are congenital cysts except? External angular dermoid cyst Sebaceous cyst Branchial cyst Thyroglossal cyst Answer: B, Sebaceous cyst "," All the following are congenital cysts except? A. External angular dermoid cyst B. Sebaceous cyst C. Branchial cyst D. Thyroglossal cyst Answer: B. Sebaceous cyst " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following statements about cutaneous shunt~vessels is true? 1 Perform nutritive function 2 Have role in thermoregulation 3 Not under the control of autonomic nervous system 4 These vessels are evenly distributed throughout the skin Answer: Have role in thermoregulation These are low resistance connection between the aerioles and veins bypassing the capillariesAbundantly innervated by sympathetic nerve fibresEspecially found in skin of fingers, toes and earlobes where they are involved in the thermoregulationRef: Medical Physiology Indu Khurana 2015 edition page No: 237 "," Which of the following statements about cutaneous shunt~vessels is true? A. Perform nutritive function B. Have role in thermoregulation C. Not under the control of autonomic nervous system D. These vessels are evenly distributed throughout the skin Answer: B. Have role in thermoregulation " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: R-factor in bacteria is transferred by? a-Transduction b-Transformation c-Conjugation d-Vertical transmission Answer:c, Conjugation "," R-factor in bacteria is transferred by? A. Transduction B. Transformation C. Conjugation D. Vertical transmission Answer: C. Conjugation " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most common cranial nerve involved in ophthalmoplegic migraine is? a-II nerve b-III nerve c-V nerve d-VI nerve Answer:b, III nerve "," Most common cranial nerve involved in ophthalmoplegic migraine is? A. II nerve B. III nerve C. V nerve D. VI nerve Answer: B. III nerve " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Dietary changes advocated by WHO for prevention of heart diseases included all of the following except? Reduction in fat intake to 20-30 percent of caloric intake A decrease in complex carbohydrateconsumption Consumption of saturated fats be limited to less than 10% of total energy intake Reduction of cholesterol to below 100mg per 1000kcl per day Answer: B.A decrease in complex carbohydrateconsumption "," Dietary changes advocated by WHO for prevention of heart diseases included all of the following except? A. Reduction in fat intake to 20-30 percent of caloric intake B. A decrease in complex carbohydrateconsumption C. Consumption of saturated fats be limited to less than 10% of total energy intake D. Reduction of cholesterol to below 100mg per 1000kcl per day Answer: B. A decrease in complex carbohydrateconsumption " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is not seen in Tuberous sclerosis ? Shagreen patch Adenoma sebacecum McCollon Plaques Depigmented nevi Answer: c "," Which of the following is not seen in Tuberous sclerosis ? A. Shagreen patch B. Adenoma sebacecum C. McCollon Plaques D. Depigmented nevi Answer: C. McCollon Plaques " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A Dentin 'Primer'? A.Etches the dentin B.It increases the surface energy & wets the dentin surface C.Removes the smear layer D.Conditions the dentin Answer:B. It increases the surface energy & wets the dentin surface "," A Dentin 'Primer'? A. Etches the dentin B. It increases the surface energy & wets the dentin surface C. Removes the smear layer D. Conditions the dentin Answer: B. It increases the surface energy & wets the dentin surface " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The study for correlation of genetic disease to consanguinity? a - Case Contral Study b - Cohort study c - Cross-sectional study d - Case report Answer: Case Contral Study "," The study for correlation of genetic disease to consanguinity? A. Case Contral Study B. Cohort study C. Cross-sectional study D. Case report Answer: A. Case Contral Study " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Arrange the following subtypes of schizophrenia, in order of prognosis, with the best prognosis first and the worst prognosis last, 1. Paranoid schizophrenia2. Catatonic schizophrenia3. Simple schizophrenia4. Disorganised schizophrenia? a-4-2-1-3 b-2-1-3-4 c-2-1-4-3 d-1-2-4-3 Answer:c, 2-1-4-3 "," Arrange the following subtypes of schizophrenia, in order of prognosis, with the best prognosis first and the worst prognosis last, 1. Paranoid schizophrenia2. Catatonic schizophrenia3. Simple schizophrenia4. Disorganised schizophrenia? A. 4-2-1-3 B. 2-1-3-4 C. 2-1-4-3 D. 1-2-4-3 Answer: C. 2-1-4-3 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Bacteriostatic antitubercular drug among the following is? a)Isoniazid b)Rifampicin c)Streptomycin d)Ethambutol Answer:d, Ethambutol "," Bacteriostatic antitubercular drug among the following is? A. Isoniazid B. Rifampicin C. Streptomycin D. Ethambutol Answer: D. Ethambutol " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -All of the following are true about Nizatidine except? -It is a H2 blocker used in peptic ulcer disease -It has 100% Bioavailability -It also enhances gastric emptying -It can also lead to tachycardia Answer: d "," All of the following are true about Nizatidine except? A. It is a H2 blocker used in peptic ulcer disease B. It has 100% Bioavailability C. It also enhances gastric emptying D. It can also lead to tachycardia Answer: D. It can also lead to tachycardia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Daily maintenance fluid for a child weighing 24 kg is? a-1000 mL/day b-800 mL/day c-1540 mL/day d-1580 mL/day Answer:d, 1580 mL/day "," Daily maintenance fluid for a child weighing 24 kg is? A. 1000 mL/day B. 800 mL/day C. 1540 mL/day D. 1580 mL/day Answer: D. 1580 mL/day " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Congenital hydrocele is best treated by? A.Eversion of sac B.Excision of sac C.Lord's procedure D.Herniotomy Answer:D. Herniotomy "," Congenital hydrocele is best treated by? A. Eversion of sac B. Excision of sac C. Lord's procedure D. Herniotomy Answer: D. Herniotomy " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Causes of epistaxis are all except? -Allergic rhinitis -Foreign body -Tumour -Hypeension Answer: a: Allergic rhinitis "," Causes of epistaxis are all except? A. Allergic rhinitis B. Foreign body C. Tumour D. Hypeension Answer: A. Allergic rhinitis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Negative nitrogen balance is the characteristic feature of which phase of convalescence after surgery? 1 Catabolic phase 2 Anabolic phase 3 Fat gain phase 4 Tuning point phase Answer:1- Catabolic phase "," Negative nitrogen balance is the characteristic feature of which phase of convalescence after surgery? A. Catabolic phase B. Anabolic phase C. Fat gain phase D. Tuning point phase Answer: A. Catabolic phase " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Panthothenic acid is coenzyme of which of the following reaction (s)? A)Dehydrogenation B)Oxidation C)Decarboxylation D)Acetylation Answer:D, Acetylation "," Panthothenic acid is coenzyme of which of the following reaction (s)? A. Dehydrogenation B. Oxidation C. Decarboxylation D. Acetylation Answer: D. Acetylation " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Regarding vaginal candidiasis which one of the following is false? A.Cottage cheese like secretions are seen B.Intense pruritus C.Most common in non-pregnant women D.Buds and hyphae seen in KOH preparation Answer:C. Most common in non-pregnant women Ans. C. Most common in non-pregnant womenCandidiasis is caused by Candida albinism which thrives in an acidic medium with an abundant supply of carbohydrates. It is found commonly in pregnancy, and in patients on oral contraceptives, antibiotics and. corticosteroids. It is also seen in patients with diabetes. It causes a profuse discharge and intense pruritus with soreness of vagina and dysuria. Vagina and vulva are edematous and excoriated and the white patches of cheesy material on the vagina and vulva can be easily identified. A 10%KOH smear shows the buds and hyphae of the Candida organism. Nystatin or ketoconazole vaginal tablets used for one week are curative when used along with a cream of the same medication for External use. "," Regarding vaginal candidiasis which one of the following is false? A. Cottage cheese like secretions are seen B. Intense pruritus C. Most common in non-pregnant women D. Buds and hyphae seen in KOH preparation Answer: C. Most common in non-pregnant women " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is not a part of fatty acid synthase Complex? a - Ketoacyl reductase b - Enoyl reductase c - Acetyl-CoA carboxylase d - Ketoacyl synthase Answer: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase "," Which of the following is not a part of fatty acid synthase Complex? A. Ketoacyl reductase B. Enoyl reductase C. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase D. Ketoacyl synthase Answer: C. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The earliest manifestation of increased intracranial pressure following head injury is? Ipsilateral pupillary dilatation Contralateral pupillary dilation Altered mental status Hemiparesis Answer: C, Altered mental status "," The earliest manifestation of increased intracranial pressure following head injury is? A. Ipsilateral pupillary dilatation B. Contralateral pupillary dilation C. Altered mental status D. Hemiparesis Answer: C. Altered mental status " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 12-year-old girl presents to the casualty with symptoms of fever, shoness of breath, and cough. A chest X-ray reveals complete consolidation of the lower lobe of the left lung. Cultures of the lower lobe of the left lung would most likely reveal which organism? A.Streptococcus pneumoniae B.Staphylococcus aureus C.Klebsiella pneumoniae D.Pseudomonas aeruginosa Answer:A. Streptococcus pneumoniae The history and findings are consistent with a lobar pneumonia. The most common etiologic agent of lobar pneumonia is Streptococcus pneumoniae. ESSENTIALS OF DIAGNOSIS Productive cough, fever, rigors, dyspnea, early pleuritic chest pain Consolidating lobar pneumonia on chest radiograph Lancet-shaped gram-positive diplococci on Gram stain of sputum Ref: Papadakis MA, McPhee SJ, ""Pneumonia, Pneumococcal."" Quick Medical Diagnosis & Treatment "," A 12-year-old girl presents to the casualty with symptoms of fever, shoness of breath, and cough. A chest X-ray reveals complete consolidation of the lower lobe of the left lung. Cultures of the lower lobe of the left lung would most likely reveal which organism? A. Streptococcus pneumoniae B. Staphylococcus aureus C. Klebsiella pneumoniae D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Answer: A. Streptococcus pneumoniae " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Vocal cord palsy is not associated with? A)Vertebral secondaries B)Left atrial enlargement C)Bronchogenic carcinoma D)secondaries in mediastinum Answer:A, Vertebral secondaries "," Vocal cord palsy is not associated with? A. Vertebral secondaries B. Left atrial enlargement C. Bronchogenic carcinoma D. secondaries in mediastinum Answer: A. Vertebral secondaries " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 41 year old patient presented with chronic diarrhoea for 3 months. A d-xylose absorption test was ordered to look for? 1 Carbohydrate malabsorption due to mucosa] disease 2 Carbohydrate malabsorption due to chronic pancreatitis 3 Fat malabsorption due to mucosal disease 4 Fat malabsorption due to chronic pancreatitis Answer: Carbohydrate malabsorption due to mucosa] disease Ans is A (Carbohydrate malabsorption due to mucosal disease) `The urinary D-xylose test for carbohydrate absorption provides an assessment of proximal small intestine mucosal function.' Urinary D-xylose test: Principle D-xylose is a `pentose. that is completely absorbed almost exclusively in the proximal small intestine and excreted subsequently in the urine. The level of excreted D-xylose in urine is estimated. Any decrease in its level in urine means abnormality in carbohydrate absorption in proximal intestine. Procedure & interpretation 25g D-xylose is given and urine is collected for 5 hrs. An excretion of < 4.5e primarily reflects the presence of duodenal /jejuna) mucosal disease. "," A 41 year old patient presented with chronic diarrhoea for 3 months. A d-xylose absorption test was ordered to look for? A. Carbohydrate malabsorption due to mucosa] disease B. Carbohydrate malabsorption due to chronic pancreatitis C. Fat malabsorption due to mucosal disease D. Fat malabsorption due to chronic pancreatitis Answer: A. Carbohydrate malabsorption due to mucosa] disease " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Pradhan mantra swasthya suraksha yojana was launched in? A)2003 B)2006 C)2007 D)2008 Answer:B, 2006 "," Pradhan mantra swasthya suraksha yojana was launched in? A. 2003 B. 2006 C. 2007 D. 2008 Answer: B. 2006 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Fracture of the hyoid bone results from all except? -Throttling -Hanging -Choking -Ligature strangulation Answer: C Choking "," Fracture of the hyoid bone results from all except? A. Throttling B. Hanging C. Choking D. Ligature strangulation Answer: C. Choking " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All of the following statements about Heparin are true, except? a-Causes Alopecia b-Non Teratogenic c-Releases Lipoprotein Lipase d-Causes Hypokalemia Answer:d, Causes Hypokalemia "," All of the following statements about Heparin are true, except? A. Causes Alopecia B. Non Teratogenic C. Releases Lipoprotein Lipase D. Causes Hypokalemia Answer: D. Causes Hypokalemia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In embalmingr solution is given through ? Veins Aeries Lymphatics none of above Answer: B, Aeries "," In embalmingr solution is given through ? A. Veins B. Aeries C. Lymphatics D. none of above Answer: B. Aeries " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Which aery does not contribute to little's area? -Anterior ethmoidal aery -Septalbrach of facial aery -Sphenopalatine aery -Posterior ethmoidal aery Answer: D: Posterior ethmoidal aery "," Which aery does not contribute to little's area? A. Anterior ethmoidal aery B. Septalbrach of facial aery C. Sphenopalatine aery D. Posterior ethmoidal aery Answer: D. Posterior ethmoidal aery " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: True about Bochdalek hernia is? Seen on right side Anterior position Differential diagnosis for pleuropericardial cyst All Answer: c "," True about Bochdalek hernia is? A. Seen on right side B. Anterior position C. Differential diagnosis for pleuropericardial cyst D. All Answer: C. Differential diagnosis for pleuropericardial cyst " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: EBV causes all EXCEPT? A)Nasopharyngeal carcinoma B)Burkitt s lymphoma C)Verrucous lymphoma D)Hodgkin's lymphoma Answer:C, Verrucous lymphoma "," EBV causes all EXCEPT? A. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma B. Burkitt s lymphoma C. Verrucous lymphoma D. Hodgkin's lymphoma Answer: C. Verrucous lymphoma " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Reed sternberg cells are found in? 1 Hodkin's disease 2 Sickle cell anaemia 3 Thalassemia 4 CML Answer:1- Hodkin's disease "," Reed sternberg cells are found in? A. Hodkin's disease B. Sickle cell anaemia C. Thalassemia D. CML Answer: A. Hodkin's disease " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following vitamin reduces the risk of insulin resistance, obesity, and the metabolic syndrome? A.Vitamin A B.Vitamin C C.Vitamin D D.Vitamin B12 Answer:C. Vitamin D Higher Intakes of Vitamin D May Be Beneficial There is evidence that Vitamin D intake considerably higher than that required to maintain calcium homeostasis reduce the risk of insulin resistance, obesity, and the metabolic syndrome, as well as various cancers. There is growing evidence that higher vitamin D status is protective against various cancers, including prostate and colorectal cancer, and also against prediabetes and the metabolic syndrome. Desirable levels of intake may be considerably higher than current reference intakes, and ceainly could not be met from unfoified foods. While increased sunlight exposure would meet the need, it carries the risk of developing skin cancer. Reference: Harper; 30th edition; Page no: 552, 553 "," Which of the following vitamin reduces the risk of insulin resistance, obesity, and the metabolic syndrome? A. Vitamin A B. Vitamin C C. Vitamin D D. Vitamin B12 Answer: C. Vitamin D " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The use of kinematic face bow is contraindicated in the edentulous patients because? A)It has to be used on the mandibular ridge B)Recording base may be unstable on the edentulous mandible C)Movement of bases may lead to inaccuracy in recording hinge axis D)All of the above Answer:D, All of the above "," The use of kinematic face bow is contraindicated in the edentulous patients because? A. It has to be used on the mandibular ridge B. Recording base may be unstable on the edentulous mandible C. Movement of bases may lead to inaccuracy in recording hinge axis D. All of the above Answer: D. All of the above " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The placenta secretes a hormone that is utilized in the early detection of pregnancy. This hormone is? a)Endothelial growth factor (EGF) b)Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) c)Human chorionic somatotropin (HCS) d)Relaxin Answer:b, Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) The synthesis and secretion of hCG begins about day 6 of pregnancy, presumably from the trophoblast cells. Pregnancy tests utilize the measurement of hCG for detection of the embryo. Endothelial growth factor (EGF) is synthesized by the cytotrophoblast cells in the early placenta, then is synthesized by the syncytiotrophoblast cells later (6-8 week old placenta). EGF maintains the trophoblast. Relaxin is synthesized by decidual cells at the time of paurition and acts to ""soften"" the cervix and pelvic ligaments. IGF act similarly to EGF by stimulating differentiation of the cytotrophoblast cells. HCS is synthesized by syncytiotrophoblast cells and will promote general growth. It is essential in the stimulation of mammary duct proliferation in development of the breast during pregnancy. Ref: Barrett K.E., Barman S.M., Boitano S., Brooks H.L. (2012). Chapter 22. Reproductive Development & Function of the Female Reproductive System. In K.E. Barrett, S.M. Barman, S. Boitano, H.L. Brooks (Eds), Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology, 24e. "," The placenta secretes a hormone that is utilized in the early detection of pregnancy. This hormone is? A. Endothelial growth factor (EGF) B. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) C. Human chorionic somatotropin (HCS) D. Relaxin Answer: B. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Hyperglycemia is seen in all except? 1 Cirrhosis 2 Myotonic dystrophy 3 Lipodystrophy 4 Sarcoma Answer: Sarcoma In cirrhosis, blood sugar is elevated, due to reduced uptake of sugar by liver. In myotonic dystrophy and lipodystrophy, there is tissue insensitivity to insulin leading to hyperglycemia. Sarcoma especially large retroperitoneal sarcomas secrete IGF-2 and lead to hypoglycaemia. "," Hyperglycemia is seen in all except? A. Cirrhosis B. Myotonic dystrophy C. Lipodystrophy D. Sarcoma Answer: D. Sarcoma " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Distribution of functional renal tissue is seen by –? a,DMSA bDTPA,c.MAG3 – Tc99,d. 1123 iodocholesterol Answer: a, DMSA "," Distribution of functional renal tissue is seen by –? A. DMSA B. DTPA C. MAG3 – Tc99 D. 1123 iodocholesterol Answer: A. DMSA " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Other than cataract, which one among the following is the highest prevalent cause of blindness in the world? -Corneal opacity -Diabetic retinopathy -Glaucoma -Trachoma Answer: c: Glaucoma "," Other than cataract, which one among the following is the highest prevalent cause of blindness in the world? A. Corneal opacity B. Diabetic retinopathy C. Glaucoma D. Trachoma Answer: C. Glaucoma " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Highest cholesterol content is seen in? a,LDL bVLDL,c.Chylomicrons,d. IDL Answer: a, LDL "," Highest cholesterol content is seen in? A. LDL B. VLDL C. Chylomicrons D. IDL Answer: A. LDL " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Best indicator for nutritional status for a child is? a - Mid arm circumference b - Head circumference c - Rate of increase of height and weight d - Chest circumference Answer: Rate of increase of height and weight "," Best indicator for nutritional status for a child is? A. Mid arm circumference B. Head circumference C. Rate of increase of height and weight D. Chest circumference Answer: C. Rate of increase of height and weight " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All are risk factors of squamous cell carcinoma except? 1 Ultraviolet radiation 2 Tar 3 Tobacco 4 HPV 18 Answer: HPV 18 Ultraviolet radiation, chronic inflammation, and chemical carcinogens (arsenicals, tar) and infection with HPV 5 and 16.There is also evidence that current and previous tobacco use doubles the relative risk of SCC.Ref: Bailey and Love, 27e, page: 606 "," All are risk factors of squamous cell carcinoma except? A. Ultraviolet radiation B. Tar C. Tobacco D. HPV 18 Answer: D. HPV 18 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 16-year-old female presents with primary amenorrhea and raised FSH. On examination, her height was 58 inches. What would be the histopathological finding in the ovary? Absence of oocytes in the ovaries (streak ovaries) Mucinous cystadenoma Psamomma bodies Hemorrhagic Corpus Leuteum Answer: A, Absence of oocytes in the ovaries (streak ovaries) "," A 16-year-old female presents with primary amenorrhea and raised FSH. On examination, her height was 58 inches. What would be the histopathological finding in the ovary? A. Absence of oocytes in the ovaries (streak ovaries) B. Mucinous cystadenoma C. Psamomma bodies D. Hemorrhagic Corpus Leuteum Answer: A. Absence of oocytes in the ovaries (streak ovaries) " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Size of uterus in inches? -5x4x2 -4x3x1 -3x2x1 -4x2x1 Answer: c: 3x2x1 "," Size of uterus in inches? A. 5x4x2 B. 4x3x1 C. 3x2x1 D. 4x2x1 Answer: C. 3x2x1 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All of the following are seen in GH deficiency except? a-Hyperglycemia b-Stunting c-Delayed bone age d-High pitched voice Answer:a, Hyperglycemia "," All of the following are seen in GH deficiency except? A. Hyperglycemia B. Stunting C. Delayed bone age D. High pitched voice Answer: A. Hyperglycemia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following muscle is not a hybrid muscle? A.Pectoralis major B.Extensor digitorum C.Flexor digitorum profundus D.Brachialis Answer:B. Extensor digitorum Extensor digitorum Hybrid muscles are the muscles having more than one nerve supply Pctoralis major: lateral & medial pectoral nerves Brachialis: additional proprioceptive fibres from radial nerve, in addition to its muscular nerve, musculocutaneous nerve. Extensor digitorum is supplied by the posterior interosseous nerve only. "," Which of the following muscle is not a hybrid muscle? A. Pectoralis major B. Extensor digitorum C. Flexor digitorum profundus D. Brachialis Answer: B. Extensor digitorum " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -In starvation activities of all of the following enzyme is increased except ? -Pyruvate carboxylase -Pyruvate kinase -PEP carboxykinase -Glucose 6 phosphatase Answer: B Pyruvate kinase "," In starvation activities of all of the following enzyme is increased except ? A. Pyruvate carboxylase B. Pyruvate kinase C. PEP carboxykinase D. Glucose 6 phosphatase Answer: B. Pyruvate kinase " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -The Halstead Retain battery involves all except? -Finger oscillation -Constructional praxis -Rhythm -Actual performance Answer: b "," The Halstead Retain battery involves all except? A. Finger oscillation B. Constructional praxis C. Rhythm D. Actual performance Answer: B. Constructional praxis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Rett's syndrome occurs due to deficiency of ? A)Niacin B)Biotin C)Carotene D)Vit D Answer:B, Biotin "," Rett's syndrome occurs due to deficiency of ? A. Niacin B. Biotin C. Carotene D. Vit D Answer: B. Biotin " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Cross examination of the prosecution witness is done by? a-Public prosecutor b-Defence counsel c-Judge d- Answer:b, Defence counsel "," Cross examination of the prosecution witness is done by? A. Public prosecutor B. Defence counsel C. Judge D. Answer: B. Defence counsel " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Which of the following factor determines the destructive power of bullet after firing? -Weight of bullet -Shape of bullet -Size of bullet -Velocity of bullet Answer: d "," Which of the following factor determines the destructive power of bullet after firing? A. Weight of bullet B. Shape of bullet C. Size of bullet D. Velocity of bullet Answer: D. Velocity of bullet " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Pain sensations from the ethmoidal sinus are carried by? 1 Frontal Nerve 2 Lacrimal Nerve 3 Nasocilliary Nerve 4 Infra orbital Nerve Answer: Nasocilliary Nerve As discussed in preceeding text, nasociliary nerve–branch of opthalmic division of trigeminal nerve carries pain sensation from ethmoid sinus. "," Pain sensations from the ethmoidal sinus are carried by? A. Frontal Nerve B. Lacrimal Nerve C. Nasocilliary Nerve D. Infra orbital Nerve Answer: C. Nasocilliary Nerve " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Metformin is NOT effective in lowering of blood sugar level in which of the following patients? a-Non diabetics b-Obese diabetics c-Type 2 diabetics d-Diabetics not responding to sulfonylureas Answer:a, Non diabetics "," Metformin is NOT effective in lowering of blood sugar level in which of the following patients? A. Non diabetics B. Obese diabetics C. Type 2 diabetics D. Diabetics not responding to sulfonylureas Answer: A. Non diabetics " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most common widespread zoonotic disease in the world is? A)Rabies B)Leptospirosis C)Brucella D)Anthrax Answer:B- Leptospirosis

Leptospirosis is the most wide zoonotic disease in the world. Reference:Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine,K.Park,23rd edition,page no:291. <\p> "," Most common widespread zoonotic disease in the world is? A. Rabies B. Leptospirosis C. Brucella D. Anthrax Answer: B. Leptospirosis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In Chronic Viral Hepatitis? 1 Hepatitis A virus infection is a common cause inchildren 2 Morphological classification into Chronic ActiveHepatitis and Chronic Persistent Hepatitis areimpoant 3 Fatty change is pathognomic of Hepatitis C virusinfection 4 Grading refers to the extent of necrosis andinflammations Answer:4 - Grading refers to the extent of necrosis andinflammations . Grading refers to the extent of necrosis andinflammations "," In Chronic Viral Hepatitis? A. Hepatitis A virus infection is a common cause inchildren B. Morphological classification into Chronic ActiveHepatitis and Chronic Persistent Hepatitis areimpoant C. Fatty change is pathognomic of Hepatitis C virusinfection D. Grading refers to the extent of necrosis andinflammations Answer: D. Grading refers to the extent of necrosis andinflammations " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: One of the following is used for sex chromatin testing? Barr body Testosterone receptors Hormone levels Phenotypic features Answer: A, Barr body "," One of the following is used for sex chromatin testing? A. Barr body B. Testosterone receptors C. Hormone levels D. Phenotypic features Answer: A. Barr body " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 6hours old snake bite patient comes to emergency with mild local edema at the injury site. On examination no abnormalities detected and lab repos are normal. Most appropriate management is? A.Incision and suction B.Wait and watch C.Local subcutaneous antisnake venom D.Intravenous antisnake venom Answer:B. Wait and watch All patients with a history of snake bite should be observed for 8-12 h after the bite, if the skin is broken and the offending snake cannot be positively identified as non-poisonous. Ref: Krishnan vij ; 5th ed; Page no: 484 "," A 6hours old snake bite patient comes to emergency with mild local edema at the injury site. On examination no abnormalities detected and lab repos are normal. Most appropriate management is? A. Incision and suction B. Wait and watch C. Local subcutaneous antisnake venom D. Intravenous antisnake venom Answer: B. Wait and watch " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The nursing process includes step(s)? Select all that apply. A)Evaluate B)Implement C)Assess D)Prescribe E)Plan Answer: A, B, C, E "," The nursing process includes step(s)? Select all that apply. A. Evaluate B. Implement C. Assess D. Prescrib E. Plan Answer: A. Evaluate B. Implement C. Assess E. Plan " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Spinal anaesthesia in an adult is given at this level? T12-L1 L1-L2 L3-L4 L5-S1 Answer: C, L3-L4 "," Spinal anaesthesia in an adult is given at this level? A. T12-L1 B. L1-L2 C. L3-L4 D. L5-S1 Answer: C. L3-L4 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following ""oncogenic viruses"" is so far not shown to be (oncogenic) in man? Hepatitis B virus Epstein - Barr virus Herpes simplex Type 2 Adenovirus Answer: D.Adenovirus "," Which of the following ""oncogenic viruses"" is so far not shown to be (oncogenic) in man? A. Hepatitis B virus B. Epstein - Barr virus C. Herpes simplex Type 2 D. Adenovirus Answer: D. Adenovirus " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is measured by the device, Bellow's spirometer? A.TLC B.RV C.Closing volume D.ERV Answer:D. ERV The spirometer is a simple device for measuring gas volumes. The frequently used water spirometer, rolling seal spirometer and bellows spirometer. The last two are not water-filled and are more poable. The VT, IRV, ERV, IC, and VC can all be measured with a spirometer (as can the forced expiratory volume in 1 second , forced vital capacity , and forced expiratory flow ). The RV, the FRC, and the TLC, however, cannot be determined with a spirometer because the subject cannot exhale all the gas in the lungs. The lung volumes not measurable with spirometry can be determined by the nitrogen-washout technique, by the helium-dilution technique, and by body plethysmography. The FRC is usually determined, and RV (which is equal to FRC minus ERV) and the TLC (which is equal to VC plus RV) are then calculated from volumes obtained by spirometry. Ref: Levitzky M.G. (2007). Chapter 3. Alveolar Ventilation. In M.G. Levitzky (Ed), Pulmonary Physiology, 7e. "," Which of the following is measured by the device, Bellow's spirometer? A. TLC B. RV C. Closing volume D. ERV Answer: D. ERV " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Caloric test is done for? Semicircular canal Macula Saccule Cochlea Answer: a "," Caloric test is done for? A. Semicircular canal B. Macula C. Saccule D. Cochlea Answer: A. Semicircular canal " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Fomepizole acts as antidote for? a,Methanol poisoning bCannabis poisoning,c.Lead poisoning,d. Cadmium Poisoning Answer: a, Methanol poisoning "," Fomepizole acts as antidote for? A. Methanol poisoning B. Cannabis poisoning C. Lead poisoning D. Cadmium Poisoning Answer: A. Methanol poisoning " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Stroma of cornea is developed from? a,Neural ectoderm bSurface ectoderm,c.Mesoderm,d. Neural crest Answer: c, Mesoderm "," Stroma of cornea is developed from? A. Neural ectoderm B. Surface ectoderm C. Mesoderm D. Neural crest Answer: C. Mesoderm " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Right-sided vocal cord palsy seen in? Larynx carcinoma Aortic aneurysm Mediastinal lymphadenopathy Vocal nodule Answer: A, Larynx carcinoma "," Right-sided vocal cord palsy seen in? A. Larynx carcinoma B. Aortic aneurysm C. Mediastinal lymphadenopathy D. Vocal nodule Answer: A. Larynx carcinoma " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -An eleven year old boy is having tinea capitis on his scalp. The most appropriate line of treatment is –? -Oral griseofulvin therapy -Topical griseofulvin therapy -Shaving of the scalp -Selenium sulphide shampoo Answer: A Oral griseofulvin therapy "," An eleven year old boy is having tinea capitis on his scalp. The most appropriate line of treatment is –? A. Oral griseofulvin therapy B. Topical griseofulvin therapy C. Shaving of the scalp D. Selenium sulphide shampoo Answer: A. Oral griseofulvin therapy " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following disease with bird, ahropod and human chain? A.Malaria B.Japanese encephalitis C.Paragonimus D.Plague Answer:B. Japanese encephalitis Agent factors :- * Caused by group B arbovirus (flavivirus) * The main reservoirs are Ardeid birds and pigs * Pigs are amplifiers of the virus and they do not manifest ove symptoms but circulates the virus Host factors :- * Most common in the age group of <15 years of age * Man - incidental dead end host * Affects other animals also and horse is the only animal which does not shows symptoms of encephalitis Vector:- * Transmitted by culex tritaeniorrhynchus - most impoant vector, others are C.Vishnuii and c. Gelidus * Incubation period is 5-15 days * Case fatality rate - 20-40% Ref:- K Park, 24th ed; pg num:- 302-303 "," Which of the following disease with bird, ahropod and human chain? A. Malaria B. Japanese encephalitis C. Paragonimus D. Plague Answer: B. Japanese encephalitis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Following are more common in multipara women than primipara woman, EXCEPT? a-Anemia b-Placenta pre c-PIH d-None of the above Answer:c, PIH "," Following are more common in multipara women than primipara woman, EXCEPT? A. Anemia B. Placenta pre C. PIH D. None of the above Answer: C. PIH " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: After delivery, a 28 year old pre ecclamptic primigra has a soft uterus with moderate-to-heavy bleeding. There is no laceration and there is PPH diagnosed due to uterine atony. Which of the following is the best management option? A)0.2-mg intramuscular (IM) ergonovine (Methergine) B)20 units of IV oxytocin C)10 units of oral oxytocin D)250 mg prostaglandin F2-alpha orally Answer:B- 20 units of IV oxytocin Ergot derivatives should not be given in patients with hypeension since this is classically known to increase blood pressure. A high BP may provoke a post paum ecclampsia Oxytocin is not orally effective . Prostaglandin F2-alpha is given IM. "," After delivery, a 28 year old pre ecclamptic primigra has a soft uterus with moderate-to-heavy bleeding. There is no laceration and there is PPH diagnosed due to uterine atony. Which of the following is the best management option? A. 0.2-mg intramuscular (IM) ergonovine (Methergine) B. 20 units of IV oxytocin C. 10 units of oral oxytocin D. 250 mg prostaglandin F2-alpha orally Answer: B. 20 units of IV oxytocin " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most common cause of central precocious pubey in girls? Exogenous estrogen Idiopathic CNS tumor Hypothyroidism Answer: b "," Most common cause of central precocious pubey in girls? A. Exogenous estrogen B. Idiopathic C. CNS tumor D. Hypothyroidism Answer: B. Idiopathic " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is the most common site of secondaries in a case of choriocarcinoma? Vagina Urethra Lung Brain Answer: C, Lung "," Which of the following is the most common site of secondaries in a case of choriocarcinoma? A. Vagina B. Urethra C. Lung D. Brain Answer: C. Lung " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All of the following are functions of CD 4 helper cells, except? 1 Immunogenic memory 2 Produce immnoglobulins 3 Activate macrophages 4 Activate cytotoxic cells Answer: Produce immnoglobulins CD4 T cells are helper T cells. They stimulate B cells to produce antibodies, release of cytokines and are responsible for memory. They do not directly produce any antibody by their own. Basic Pathology, Robbins. Page no.:101 "," All of the following are functions of CD 4 helper cells, except? A. Immunogenic memory B. Produce immnoglobulins C. Activate macrophages D. Activate cytotoxic cells Answer: B. Produce immnoglobulins " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The internal pudendal aery arises from which of the following aeries? a-External iliac aery b-Inferior vesical aery c-Internal iliac aery d-Inferior epigastric aery Answer:c, Internal iliac aery "," The internal pudendal aery arises from which of the following aeries? A. External iliac aery B. Inferior vesical aery C. Internal iliac aery D. Inferior epigastric aery Answer: C. Internal iliac aery " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Middle aged female with mass in sella turcica hormone increased is? A)Prolactin B)Thyroxine C)Extrogen D)ADH Answer:A- Prolactin The sella turcica is a saddle shaped depression of the sphenoid bone. It forms the caudal border of the pituitary gland. Sella turcica is an anatomically complex area with a number of different potential pathologies especially neoplastic process. Pathologies of sella turcica can lead to important clinical presentations such as hormonal imbalances from pathologies affecting the pituitary gland and neurological symptoms from the mass effect. Sella turcica is critically located as several structures pass close to it due to compression of the adjacent structures. Important anatomical structures related to sella Optic chiasm Pituiatry gland Internal carotids​ Gavernous sinus and cranial nerves Sphenoid sinuses "," Middle aged female with mass in sella turcica hormone increased is? A. Prolactin B. Thyroxine C. Extrogen D. ADH Answer: A. Prolactin " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The alveoli are filled with exudate. The air is displaced, converting the lung into a solid organ. This description suggests? a)Chronic bronchitis b)Bronchial asthma c)Bronchiectasis d)Lobar pneumonia Answer:d, Lobar pneumonia • ‘Bacterial invasion of the lung parenchyma causes the alveoli to be filled with an inflammatory exudate, thus causing consolidation (“solidification”) of the pulmonary tissue’…..Robbins definition of pneumonia "," The alveoli are filled with exudate. The air is displaced, converting the lung into a solid organ. This description suggests? A. Chronic bronchitis B. Bronchial asthma C. Bronchiectasis D. Lobar pneumonia Answer: D. Lobar pneumonia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Perception of uterine contraction is known as? a,Chadwik sign bGoodell sign,c.Palmer sign,d. Hegar sign Answer: c, Palmer sign "," Perception of uterine contraction is known as? A. Chadwik sign B. Goodell sign C. Palmer sign D. Hegar sign Answer: C. Palmer sign " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Widened anion gap is caused by all EXCEPT? Lactic acidosis Diarrhea Diabetic keto-acidosis Methanol poisoning Answer: B, Diarrhea "," Widened anion gap is caused by all EXCEPT? A. Lactic acidosis B. Diarrhea C. Diabetic keto-acidosis D. Methanol poisoning Answer: B. Diarrhea " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: About chi-square test, true is? 1 Less no. of samples are associated with less error 2 <0.001 is statistically significant 3 Categories of data used in test need not be mutually exclusive and discrete 4 Tests correlation and regression Answer:2 - <0.001 is statistically significant "," About chi-square test, true is? A. Less no. of samples are associated with less error B. <0.001 is statistically significant C. Categories of data used in test need not be mutually exclusive and discrete D. Tests correlation and regression Answer: B. <0.001 is statistically significant " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most permissible capillaries are seen in? Kidney Liver Brain Skin Answer: B, Liver "," Most permissible capillaries are seen in? A. Kidney B. Liver C. Brain D. Skin Answer: B. Liver " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of these pathologies is the most common benign tumour of the parotid gland? Mumps TB Heerfordt syndrome Pleomorphic adenoma Answer: d "," Which of these pathologies is the most common benign tumour of the parotid gland? A. Mumps B. TB C. Heerfordt syndrome D. Pleomorphic adenoma Answer: D. Pleomorphic adenoma " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Of the following permanent teeth, which is least likely to have two roots? Maxillary canine Mandibular canine Maxillary first premolar Mandibular first premolar Answer: a "," Of the following permanent teeth, which is least likely to have two roots? A. Maxillary canine B. Mandibular canine C. Maxillary first premolar D. Mandibular first premolar Answer: A. Maxillary canine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Zona Pellucida disappears by:? A)Before ferilisation B)During feilization C)5th day after feilization D)7th day after feilization Answer:C, 5th day after feilization "," Zona Pellucida disappears by:? A. Before ferilisation B. During feilization C. 5th day after feilization D. 7th day after feilization Answer: C. 5th day after feilization " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: What is monitored in a patient of Pre eclamsia ? A)Uric acid B)Platlet count C)LFT D)All of the above Answer:D- All of the above Ans. is 'd' i.e. All of the abov Investigations in a case of Pre eclampsia* URINE for proteins/albumin. 24 hours urine protein* CBC: There is hemoconcentration so HB values are false elevated. Low platlets indicate HELLP syndrome* Sr uric acid: It is a biochemical marker of preeclampsia. Raised levels (>4.5 mg/dl) indicate renal involvement and also correlate with severity of preeclampsia, volume contraction and fetal jeopardy.* LFT: SGOT, SGPT, Bilirubin* RFT: Sr creatinine* Coagulation profile may be required in severe cases:i) BTii) CTiii) PT, APTTiv) Fibrinogen levelsv) FDP "," What is monitored in a patient of Pre eclamsia ? A. Uric acid B. Platlet count C. LFT D. All of the above Answer: D. All of the above " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Pain-sensitive intracranial structure is? A)Piamater B)Pial vassels C)Duramater D)Brain matter Answer:C- Duramater C i.e.Duramater "," Pain-sensitive intracranial structure is? A. Piamater B. Pial vassels C. Duramater D. Brain matter Answer: C. Duramater " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A patient with leukemia on chemotherapy develops acute right lower abdominal pain associated with anemia, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. Which of following is the clinical diagnosis? Appendicitis Leukemic colitis Perforation peritonitis Neutropenic colitis Answer: D.Neutropenic colitis "," A patient with leukemia on chemotherapy develops acute right lower abdominal pain associated with anemia, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. Which of following is the clinical diagnosis? A. Appendicitis B. Leukemic colitis C. Perforation peritonitis D. Neutropenic colitis Answer: D. Neutropenic colitis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Linear enamel caries is called as? a,Odontoclasia. bOccult caries,c.Fluoride bomb,d. None of the above Answer: a, Odontoclasia. "," Linear enamel caries is called as? A. Odontoclasia. B. Occult caries C. Fluoride bomb D. None of the above Answer: A. Odontoclasia. " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most common type of TAPVC? a,Supracardiac bCardiac,c.Infracardiac,d. Mixed Answer: a, Supracardiac "," Most common type of TAPVC? A. Supracardiac B. Cardiac C. Infracardiac D. Mixed Answer: A. Supracardiac " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Apex national institute of ophthalmology is? a - Advance eye care PGI Chandigarh b - RIO c - Dr. R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences , Delhi d - Shankara Netralaya , Chennai Answer: Dr. R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences , Delhi "," Apex national institute of ophthalmology is? A. Advance eye care PGI Chandigarh B. RIO C. Dr. R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences , Delhi D. Shankara Netralaya , Chennai Answer: C. Dr. R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences , Delhi " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Active moiety of CoA is? Acetyl group Pantothenic acid Thiol of beta alanine Thiol of pantothenic acid Answer: D, Thiol of pantothenic acid "," Active moiety of CoA is? A. Acetyl group B. Pantothenic acid C. Thiol of beta alanine D. Thiol of pantothenic acid Answer: D. Thiol of pantothenic acid " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -‘Accompanied MDT’ in NLEP implies? -A patient will be given MDT only in the presence of a MDT provider -Any responsible person from family or village can collect MDT, if patient is unable to come -MDT should be accompanied with Steroids/ Clofazimine to help fight Reversal reactions -MDT prescription should be accompanied by all the precautions to be observed by the patient Answer: b: Any responsible person from family or village can collect MDT, if patient is unable to come "," ‘Accompanied MDT’ in NLEP implies? A. A patient will be given MDT only in the presence of a MDT provider B. Any responsible person from family or village can collect MDT, if patient is unable to come C. MDT should be accompanied with Steroids/ Clofazimine to help fight Reversal reactions D. MDT prescription should be accompanied by all the precautions to be observed by the patient Answer: B. Any responsible person from family or village can collect MDT, if patient is unable to come " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Emporiatrics deals with the health of the following group of people? Farmers Travellers Industrial workers Mine workers Answer: B.Travellers "," Emporiatrics deals with the health of the following group of people? A. Farmers B. Travellers C. Industrial workers D. Mine workers Answer: B. Travellers " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which among the following is TRUE about confounding factor? a - It is found equally between study and the control groups b - It is itself a risk factor for the disease c - Confounding can be eliminated by selecting a small group d - It is associated with either the exposure or the disease Answer: It is itself a risk factor for the disease "," Which among the following is TRUE about confounding factor? A. It is found equally between study and the control groups B. It is itself a risk factor for the disease C. Confounding can be eliminated by selecting a small group D. It is associated with either the exposure or the disease Answer: B. It is itself a risk factor for the disease " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: What is the characteristic of a lacerated wound over bony surface due to blunt trauma without excessive skin crushing? Irregular margins Regular sharp margins Tearing Flaying Answer: B.Regular sharp margins "," What is the characteristic of a lacerated wound over bony surface due to blunt trauma without excessive skin crushing? A. Irregular margins B. Regular sharp margins C. Tearing D. Flaying Answer: B. Regular sharp margins " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Characteristic visual field defect in optic chiasma lesion? 1 Homonymous hemianopia 2 Bitemporal hemianopia 3 Upper quadrantanopia 4 Lower quadrantanopia Answer:2- Bitemporal hemianopia "," Characteristic visual field defect in optic chiasma lesion? A. Homonymous hemianopia B. Bitemporal hemianopia C. Upper quadrantanopia D. Lower quadrantanopia Answer: B. Bitemporal hemianopia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 40-year-old man presents with a 2-week history of recur- rent oral ulcers, genital ulcers, intermittent arthritic pain of the knees, and abdominal pain. Physical examination reveals shallow ulcerations of the mucosa of the glans penis, as well as oral aphthous ulcers and conjunctivitis. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? A)Behyet disease B)Genital herpes C)Gonorrhea D)Polyarteritis nodosa Answer:A- Behyet disease Behget disease is a systemic vasculitis characterized by oral aphthous ulcers, genital ulceration, and ocular inflammation, with occasional involvement of the nervous, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular systems. The mucocutaneous lesions show a non-specific vasculitis of arterioles, capillaries, and venules. The cause of the necrotizing inflammation of small blood vessels is not known, but an association with specific HLA subtypes suggests an immune basis. Herpes (choice B) does not present with arthritis.Diagnosis: Behqet disease "," A 40-year-old man presents with a 2-week history of recur- rent oral ulcers, genital ulcers, intermittent arthritic pain of the knees, and abdominal pain. Physical examination reveals shallow ulcerations of the mucosa of the glans penis, as well as oral aphthous ulcers and conjunctivitis. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? A. Behyet disease B. Genital herpes C. Gonorrhea D. Polyarteritis nodosa Answer: A. Behyet disease " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -All pencillins act by: September 2007? -Inhibiting protein synthesis -Inhibiting cell wall synthesis -Antifolate -Inhibitis DNA gyrase Answer: B Inhibiting cell wall synthesis "," All pencillins act by: September 2007? A. Inhibiting protein synthesis B. Inhibiting cell wall synthesis C. Antifolate D. Inhibitis DNA gyrase Answer: B. Inhibiting cell wall synthesis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Neuro lathyrism results due to? A)Aflatoxin B)Pyruvic acid C)BOAA D)Sanguinarine Answer:C- BOAA "," Neuro lathyrism results due to? A. Aflatoxin B. Pyruvic acid C. BOAA D. Sanguinarine Answer: C. BOAA " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Ulnar nerve supplies all except? -Adductor pollicis -Abductor digiti minimi -Interossei -1st & 2nd lumbricals Answer: D 1st & 2nd lumbricals "," Ulnar nerve supplies all except? A. Adductor pollicis B. Abductor digiti minimi C. Interossei D. 1st & 2nd lumbricals Answer: D. 1st & 2nd lumbricals " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Osmotic fragility is increased in ? Sickle cell anaemia Thalassemia Hereditary spherocytosis Chronic lead poisoning Answer: c "," Osmotic fragility is increased in ? A. Sickle cell anaemia B. Thalassemia C. Hereditary spherocytosis D. Chronic lead poisoning Answer: C. Hereditary spherocytosis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most cases of paraneoplastic syndrome are associated with which type of lung carcinoma? a,Small Cell Ca bBronchogenic Ca,c.Bronchoalveolar Ca,d. Adeno Ca Answer: a, Small Cell Ca "," Most cases of paraneoplastic syndrome are associated with which type of lung carcinoma? A. Small Cell Ca B. Bronchogenic Ca C. Bronchoalveolar Ca D. Adeno Ca Answer: A. Small Cell Ca " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 28 year old female teacher is found to have a prolonged bleeding time and normal platelet count. She had a bleeding of ""easy bleeding"" with frequent bleeding of the gums, epistaxis, cutaneous bleeding and menorrhagia, further testing revealed a deficiency of Von willebrand factor. Which of the following thrombogenic processes involving platelets is most directly impaired? A.Adhesion B.Aggregation C.Formation of fibrinogen bridges D.Conformational change with activation of phospholipid surface Answer:A. Adhesion Disruption of the endothelium exposes subendothelial Von willebrand factor (VWF) and collagen, which promotes platelet adherence and activation. Deficiency of Von willebrand factor (VWF) causes ↓ Platelet adhesion (↑ BT) ↓ Intrinsic pathway activity (↑ aPTT) "," A 28 year old female teacher is found to have a prolonged bleeding time and normal platelet count. She had a bleeding of ""easy bleeding"" with frequent bleeding of the gums, epistaxis, cutaneous bleeding and menorrhagia, further testing revealed a deficiency of Von willebrand factor. Which of the following thrombogenic processes involving platelets is most directly impaired? A. Adhesion B. Aggregation C. Formation of fibrinogen bridges D. Conformational change with activation of phospholipid surface Answer: A. Adhesion " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The nurse notes that the client often sighs and says in a monotone voice, ""I'm never going to get over this."" When encouraged to participate in care, the client says, ""I don't have the energy."" The nurse believes these cues are suggestive of which nursing diagnoses? Select all that apply. A. Hopelessness B. Powerlessness C. Interrupted sleep pattern D. Disturbed self esteem E. Self care deficit Answer: A. Hopelessness B. Powerlessness Rationale: Rationale: A nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about a response to an actual or potential health problem. This client is manifesting symptoms of both hopelessness and powerlessness. Although the client does report symptoms compatible with fatigue, there is no direct data is given that indicates the client has interrupted sleep patterns (option 3), disturbed self esteem (option 4), or self care deficit (option 5). "," The nurse notes that the client often sighs and says in a monotone voice, ""I'm never going to get over this."" When encouraged to participate in care, the client says, ""I don't have the energy."" The nurse believes these cues are suggestive of which nursing diagnoses? Select all that apply. A. Hopelessness B. Powerlessness C. Interrupted sleep pattern D. Disturbed self esteem E. Self care deficit Answer: A. Hopelessness, B. Powerlessness " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In Familial hypercholesterolemia there is deficiency of? A.LDL receptor B.Apoprotein A C.Apo protein C D.Lipoprotein lipase Answer:A. LDL receptor LDL receptors  Familial hypercholesterolemia (type IIa) is due to deficiency of functional LDL receptors as a result of different types of mutations. "," In Familial hypercholesterolemia there is deficiency of? A. LDL receptor B. Apoprotein A C. Apo protein C D. Lipoprotein lipase Answer: A. LDL receptor " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Renal threshold for serum glucose level? a-100 mg/dl b-200 mg/dl c-300 mg/dl d-400 mg/dl Answer:b, 200 mg/dl "," Renal threshold for serum glucose level? A. 100 mg/dl B. 200 mg/dl C. 300 mg/dl D. 400 mg/dl Answer: B. 200 mg/dl " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Supraventricular crest lies between? A.Pulmonary orifice and atrioventricular orifice B.Atrioventricular orifice and fossa ovalis C.SVC and right atrium D.Right an dleft coronary artery Answer:A. Pulmonary orifice and atrioventricular orifice "," Supraventricular crest lies between? A. Pulmonary orifice and atrioventricular orifice B. Atrioventricular orifice and fossa ovalis C. SVC and right atrium D. Right an dleft coronary artery Answer: A. Pulmonary orifice and atrioventricular orifice " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Lambda is meeting point of? 1 Coronal and sagittal suture 2 Coronal and lambdoid suture 3 Sagittal and lambdoid suture 4 None of the above Answer:3- Sagittal and lambdoid suture "," Lambda is meeting point of? A. Coronal and sagittal suture B. Coronal and lambdoid suture C. Sagittal and lambdoid suture D. None of the above Answer: C. Sagittal and lambdoid suture " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Dose of vitamin A prophytaxis given in age group 16 years? -2000 iu -20000 iu -200000 iu -100000 iu Answer: c "," Dose of vitamin A prophytaxis given in age group 16 years? A. 2000 iu B. 20000 iu C. 200000 iu D. 100000 iu Answer: C. 200000 iu " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All are true statement about tracheostomy and larynx in children except? a-Omega shaped epiglottis b-Laryngeal cailages are soft and collapsable c-Larynx is high in children d-Trachea can be easily palpated Answer:d, Trachea can be easily palpated "," All are true statement about tracheostomy and larynx in children except? A. Omega shaped epiglottis B. Laryngeal cailages are soft and collapsable C. Larynx is high in children D. Trachea can be easily palpated Answer: D. Trachea can be easily palpated " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Schizophrenia is treated by? A.Anti depressants B.Anti psychotics C.Anti epileptics D.Mood stabilizers Answer:B. Anti psychotics "," Schizophrenia is treated by? A. Anti depressants B. Anti psychotics C. Anti epileptics D. Mood stabilizers Answer: B. Anti psychotics " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Bedside test for mental status? a - MMSE b - GCS c - MMPI d - WAIS Answer: MMSE "," Bedside test for mental status? A. MMSE B. GCS C. MMPI D. WAIS Answer: A. MMSE " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Disease highly transmitted during incubation period is? 1 Peussis 2 Cholera 3 Measles 4 Brucellosis Answer:1- Peussis "," Disease highly transmitted during incubation period is? A. Peussis B. Cholera C. Measles D. Brucellosis Answer: A. Peussis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All of the following are causes of congenital blindness Except? A.Toxoplasmosis B.Congenital rubella C.Vitamin A deficiency D.Cataract Answer:C. Vitamin A deficiency Causes of congenital blindness:ToxoplasmosisCongenital cataractsGenetic diseaseCongenital rubellaCongenital glaucomaUsher syndrome(Refer: Nelson's Textbook of Pediatrics, SAE, 1st edition, pg no. 318 - 319) "," All of the following are causes of congenital blindness Except? A. Toxoplasmosis B. Congenital rubella C. Vitamin A deficiency D. Cataract Answer: C. Vitamin A deficiency " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Positive dipstick for RBC with red color urine and red supernatant and clear sediment with positive dipstick? Porphyria Hematuria Hemolysis Rhabdomyolysis Answer: D, Rhabdomyolysis "," Positive dipstick for RBC with red color urine and red supernatant and clear sediment with positive dipstick? A. Porphyria B. Hematuria C. Hemolysis D. Rhabdomyolysis Answer: D. Rhabdomyolysis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Alcohol dependence is seen which of the following phase? a)Oral b)Phallic c)Anal d)Latency Answer:a, Oral Ans. is 'a' i.e. Oral PhasePsychiatric disorders resulting from fixation of regression to this phase* Oral phase (Birth 1 Vx year)* Alcohol dependence or drug dependence* Severe mood disorder* Dependent personality traits and disorders* Schizophrenia* Ana! phase* Obsessive compulsive traits* Obsessive compulsive disorder* Phallic (oedipal) Phase (3-5 years)* Oedipus complex is the primary cause of hysteria and other neurotic symptoms* Latency phase (5-12 years)* Neurotic disorders* Genital phase (12 years onward)* Neurotic disorders "," Alcohol dependence is seen which of the following phase? A. Oral B. Phallic C. Anal D. Latency Answer: A. Oral " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Phenylketonuria caused by deficiency of? -Tyrosine transaminase -Tyrosine hydroxylase -Phenylalanine hydroxylase -Phenylketonuria hydroxylase Answer: c "," Phenylketonuria caused by deficiency of? A. Tyrosine transaminase B. Tyrosine hydroxylase C. Phenylalanine hydroxylase D. Phenylketonuria hydroxylase Answer: C. Phenylalanine hydroxylase " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Half–life of lithium is? -8 hours -16 hours -24 hours -36 hours Answer: C 24 hours "," Half–life of lithium is? A. 8 hours B. 16 hours C. 24 hours D. 36 hours Answer: C. 24 hours " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Regarding spring catarrh, all of the following are true, except? Cobblestone appearance of conjunctiva Common in spring months Limbus conjunctival thickening Sodium cromoglycate is a form of therapy Answer: c "," Regarding spring catarrh, all of the following are true, except? A. Cobblestone appearance of conjunctiva B. Common in spring months C. Limbus conjunctival thickening D. Sodium cromoglycate is a form of therapy Answer: C. Limbus conjunctival thickening " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Oxidative deamination is catalyzed by ? -Glutaminase -Glutamine synthase -Glutamate dehydrogenase -None of the above Answer: C Glutamate dehydrogenase "," Oxidative deamination is catalyzed by ? A. Glutaminase B. Glutamine synthase C. Glutamate dehydrogenase D. None of the above Answer: C. Glutamate dehydrogenase " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Bloom Richardson grading? a)Carcinoma breast b)Carcinoma lung c)Carcinoma prostate d)Cercinoma ovary Answer:a, Carcinoma breast Ans. is 'a' i.e., Carcinoma breasto Bloom Richardson Grading and its variants are used to grade breast cancers. "," Bloom Richardson grading? A. Carcinoma breast B. Carcinoma lung C. Carcinoma prostate D. Cercinoma ovary Answer: A. Carcinoma breast " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Hypersecretory glaucoma is seen in –? A.Epidemic dropsy B.Marfan's syndrome C.Hypertension D.Diabetes Answer:A. Epidemic dropsy ""In epidemic dropsy, glaucoma is wide angle glaucoma, with normal chamber and angle. Outflow is within normal limits. The queous shows raised level of histamin, prostaglandin and protein suggesting that glaucoma is hypersecretory"". _ Mukherjee "," Hypersecretory glaucoma is seen in –? A. Epidemic dropsy B. Marfan's syndrome C. Hypertension D. Diabetes Answer: A. Epidemic dropsy " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Botulinum toxin is used for the treatment of: DNB 08? a,Blepharospasm bRisus sardonicus,c.Strabismus,d. All Answer: d, All "," Botulinum toxin is used for the treatment of: DNB 08? A. Blepharospasm B. Risus sardonicus C. Strabismus D. All Answer: D. All " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 2-week-old baby is irritable and feeding poorly. On physical examination, the infant is irritable, diaphoretic, tachypneic and tachycardic. There is circumoral cyanosis, which is not alleted by nasal oxygen. A systolic thrill and holosystolic murmur are heard along the left sternal border. An echocardiogram reveals a hea defect in which the aoa and pulmonary aery form a single vessel that overrides a ventricular septal defect. What is the appropriate diagnosis? a)Atrial septal defect b)Coarctation of aoa, preductal c)Patent ductus aeriosus d)Truncus aeriosus Answer:d, Truncus aeriosus Truncus aeriosus refers to a common trunk for the origin of the aoa, pulmonary aeries and coronary aeries. It results from absent or incomplete paitioning of the truncus aeriosus by the spiral septum during development. Most infants with persistent truncus aeriosus have torrential pulmonary blood flow, which leads to hea failure. None of the other choices are distinguished by a single vessel that carries blood from the hea. "," A 2-week-old baby is irritable and feeding poorly. On physical examination, the infant is irritable, diaphoretic, tachypneic and tachycardic. There is circumoral cyanosis, which is not alleted by nasal oxygen. A systolic thrill and holosystolic murmur are heard along the left sternal border. An echocardiogram reveals a hea defect in which the aoa and pulmonary aery form a single vessel that overrides a ventricular septal defect. What is the appropriate diagnosis? A. Atrial septal defect B. Coarctation of aoa, preductal C. Patent ductus aeriosus D. Truncus aeriosus Answer: D. Truncus aeriosus " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: High false positive cases in a community signify that disease has? A.High prevalence & Low incidence B.High incidence & Low prevalence C.Low prevalence & Low incidence D.High incidence & High prevalence Answer:B. High incidence & Low prevalence "," High false positive cases in a community signify that disease has? A. High prevalence & Low incidence B. High incidence & Low prevalence C. Low prevalence & Low incidence D. High incidence & High prevalence Answer: B. High incidence & Low prevalence " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Type of cataract in chalcosis is? a-Sunflower cataract b-Blue dot Cataract c-Snowflake cataract d-Polychromatic lustre Answer:a, Sunflower cataract "," Type of cataract in chalcosis is? A. Sunflower cataract B. Blue dot Cataract C. Snowflake cataract D. Polychromatic lustre Answer: A. Sunflower cataract " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Grievous hurt is defined under? a - 320IPC b - 318 IPC c - 321 IPC d - 375 IPC Answer: 320IPC "," Grievous hurt is defined under? A. 320IPC B. 318 IPC C. 321 IPC D. 375 IPC Answer: A. 320IPC " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In carcinoma cheek what is the best drug for single drug chemotherapy? a,Cyclophosphamide bVincristine,c.Danorubicin,d. Cisplatin Answer: d, Cisplatin "," In carcinoma cheek what is the best drug for single drug chemotherapy? A. Cyclophosphamide B. Vincristine C. Danorubicin D. Cisplatin Answer: D. Cisplatin " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -HSV 2 causes? -Genital herpes -Genital warts -Herpes zoster -Genital ulcer Answer: A: Genital herpes "," HSV 2 causes? A. Genital herpes B. Genital warts C. Herpes zoster D. Genital ulcer Answer: A. Genital herpes " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which bacteria acts by inhibiting protein synthesis? A)Pseudomonas B)Staphylococcus C)Streptococcus D)Klebsiella Answer:A, Pseudomonas "," Which bacteria acts by inhibiting protein synthesis? A. Pseudomonas B. Staphylococcus C. Streptococcus D. Klebsiella Answer: A. Pseudomonas " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Sedimentation coefficient of Ig E is? A)7S B)8S C)11S D)20 S Answer:B- 8S Ans : b 8S Ref: Ananthanarayanan 8th editionSvedberg unit - a sedimentation constant of 1 x 1013sec. Sedimentation unit is studied by ultracentrifugation - for diversity of antibody moleculeIgG -7IgA -7IgM -19Ig D -7IgE -8 "," Sedimentation coefficient of Ig E is? A. 7S B. 8S C. 11S D. 20 S Answer: B. 8S " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Collagen biosynthesis occurs inside the? 1 Chondroblasts 2 Odontoblasts 3 Osteoblasts 4 Fibroblasts Answer:4 - Fibroblasts "," Collagen biosynthesis occurs inside the? A. Chondroblasts B. Odontoblasts C. Osteoblasts D. Fibroblasts Answer: D. Fibroblasts " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Carotid artery stenosis screening invivo choice is? A)USG B)CT C)MRI D)Doppler Answer:D- Doppler Ans. is 'd' i.e., Doppler o Color doppler ultrasonography is the screening method of choice (not simple USG : option a is incorrect),o Carotid angiography is the investigation of choice for diagnosis,o MRI is the investigation of choice for demyelinating disorder, e.g. multiple sclerosis.Investigations in nervous systemo Investigation of choice for white matter disease - MRI (CT is second choice),o Investigation of choice of acoustic neuroma - GD enhanced MRIo Best investigation for all brain tumors - Contrast enhanced MRIo Investigation of choice for meningeal carcinomatosis - Contrast (gadolinium) enhanced MRI.o Investigation of choice for posterior fossa tumor - MRIo Investigation of choice for para meningeal rhabdomyosarcoma - MRIo Investigation of choice for nasopharyngeal angiofibroma - Contrast enhanced CT.o Investigation of choice for hydrocephalus in older patients and for low pressure hydrocephalus - MRI.o Investigation of choice for acute (<48hrs) subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) - Non-Contrast CT scan,o Investivation of choice to know the etiology of SAH - Four vessels digital substruction angiography.o Hallmark of SAH - Blood in CSF on lumbar puncture,o Investigation of choice for chronic SAH - MRI.o Primary procedure of choice for evaluating intracranial complications of acute head injury - CT scan,o Best modality for assessing fractures of the skull base, calvarium and facial bone - CT scan,o Investigation of choice for demyelinating disorders MRI.o Investigation of choice for AV malformation and aneurysm - Angiography (MRI angiography or CT angiography),o Investigation of choice for Craniospinal infection - MRIo Investigation of choice for all intrinsic spinal cord lesions; all causes of cord compression - MRI.o Procedure of choice for emergent evaluation of acute intracerebral hemorrhage - CT scan,o Investigation of choice for myelopathy - MRI.o Shape of epidural hematomas on imaging - Biconvex, hyperdense or mixed density.o Shape of acute subdural hematoma on imaging - Crescent-shaped, hyperdense or mixed density ,o Chronic subdural hematoma on imaging - Hypodense.o Most sensitive test for ischaemic stroke - Diffusion weighted (DW) MRI. "," Carotid artery stenosis screening invivo choice is? A. USG B. CT C. MRI D. Doppler Answer: D. Doppler " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A person's X-ray chest showing homogenous opacity on right side with shifting of mediastinum on opposite side. Most probable diagnosis is/are? Collapse Pleural effusion Pneumothorax Consolidation Answer: b "," A person's X-ray chest showing homogenous opacity on right side with shifting of mediastinum on opposite side. Most probable diagnosis is/are? A. Collapse B. Pleural effusion C. Pneumothorax D. Consolidation Answer: B. Pleural effusion " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Pyrogens act on which site of brain ? 1 Basal ganglia 2 Limbic system 3 Thalamus 4 Hypothalamus Answer:4- Hypothalamus "," Pyrogens act on which site of brain ? A. Basal ganglia B. Limbic system C. Thalamus D. Hypothalamus Answer: D. Hypothalamus " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Phenol red thread test is used for dry eye. This test? 1 Requires topical anaesthetic agent 2 Volume of tears isn't measured as it changes color on contact with tears 3 If the color changes to blue, it depicts surface mucin deficiency 4 Requiras pH meter for reading result Answer:2 - Volume of tears isn't measured as it changes color on contact with tears *Phenol red dye test measures the production of tears without topical anesthesia, as the dye changes its color to red on contact with tears. It doesn't require pH meter for reading the result. Ref: Ophthalmology Yanoff and Duker 4th/e p.277 "," Phenol red thread test is used for dry eye. This test? A. Requires topical anaesthetic agent B. Volume of tears isn't measured as it changes color on contact with tears C. If the color changes to blue, it depicts surface mucin deficiency D. Requiras pH meter for reading result Answer: B. Volume of tears isn't measured as it changes color on contact with tears " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Maternal disomy of chromosome 15 is seen in? Prader - Willi syndrome Klinefelter's syndrome Angelman syndrome Turner's syndrome Answer: A, Prader - Willi syndrome "," Maternal disomy of chromosome 15 is seen in? A. Prader - Willi syndrome B. Klinefelter's syndrome C. Angelman syndrome D. Turner's syndrome Answer: A. Prader - Willi syndrome " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: DOC for listeria meningitis? a-Ampicillin b-Cefotaxime c-Cefotriaxone d-Ciprofloxacin Answer:a, Ampicillin "," DOC for listeria meningitis? A. Ampicillin B. Cefotaxime C. Cefotriaxone D. Ciprofloxacin Answer: A. Ampicillin " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which is the most common cause of thrombocytopenia in an ICU patient? 1 Sepsis 2 Bone marrow failure 3 ITP 4 Drug induced Answer:1- Sepsis "," Which is the most common cause of thrombocytopenia in an ICU patient? A. Sepsis B. Bone marrow failure C. ITP D. Drug induced Answer: A. Sepsis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A labourer involved with repair-work of sewers was admitted with fever, jaundice and renal failure. The most appropriate test to diagnose the infection in this patient is? A.Weil Felix test B.Paul Bunnell test C.Microscopic agglutination test D.Microimmunofluorescence test Answer:C. Microscopic agglutination test "," A labourer involved with repair-work of sewers was admitted with fever, jaundice and renal failure. The most appropriate test to diagnose the infection in this patient is? A. Weil Felix test B. Paul Bunnell test C. Microscopic agglutination test D. Microimmunofluorescence test Answer: C. Microscopic agglutination test " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: 1-a hydroxylation in Vitamin-D metabolism takes place in? A)Skin B)Liver C)Kidney D)Blood Answer:C, Kidney "," 1-a hydroxylation in Vitamin-D metabolism takes place in? A. Skin B. Liver C. Kidney D. Blood Answer: C. Kidney " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Incised wound which is not a feature ? a)Length is the greatest dimention b)Width is more than the thickness of the blade c)Margins are inveed d)Hesitation cuts are seen in suicidal attempt Answer:c, Margins are inveed Ans. is 'c' i.e., Margins are inveed Margins are eveed, clear, and clean cut. "," Incised wound which is not a feature ? A. Length is the greatest dimention B. Width is more than the thickness of the blade C. Margins are inveed D. Hesitation cuts are seen in suicidal attempt Answer: C. Margins are inveed " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All of the following can be involved in an injury to the head of the fibula, EXCEPT? a)Anterior tibial nerve b)Common peroneal nerve c)Superficial peroneal nerve d)Tibial nerve Answer:d, Tibial nerve The common peroneal nerve is extremely vulnerable to injury as it winds around the neck of the fibula. At this site, it is exposed to direct trauma or is involved in fractures of the upper pa of the fibula. While passing behind the head of the fibula, it winds laterally around the neck of the bone, pierces peroneus longus muscle, and divides into two terminal branches: the superficial peroneal nerve and deep peroneal nerve (anterior tibial nerve). Injury to common peroneal nerve causes foot drop.Ref: Clinical Anatomy By Regions By Richard S. Snell, 9th edition, Page 485. "," All of the following can be involved in an injury to the head of the fibula, EXCEPT? A. Anterior tibial nerve B. Common peroneal nerve C. Superficial peroneal nerve D. Tibial nerve Answer: D. Tibial nerve " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Microvesicular fatty liver is caused by? a-DM b-Valproate c-Starvation d-IBD Answer:b, Valproate "," Microvesicular fatty liver is caused by? A. DM B. Valproate C. Starvation D. IBD Answer: B. Valproate " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 28 year old female nearing her date of delivery has been admitted following regular contractions. The resident doctor did an examination documents that the head is at +1 station.Where is the exact position of head? High up in the FALSE pelvis Just above ischial spine Just below ischial spine At the perineum Answer: C, Just below ischial spine "," A 28 year old female nearing her date of delivery has been admitted following regular contractions. The resident doctor did an examination documents that the head is at +1 station.Where is the exact position of head? A. High up in the FALSE pelvis B. Just above ischial spine C. Just below ischial spine D. At the perineum Answer: C. Just below ischial spine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Angular vein infection causes thrombosis in? Cavernous sinus Suprasaggital sinus Transverse sinus Inferior petrosal sinus Answer: A, Cavernous sinus "," Angular vein infection causes thrombosis in? A. Cavernous sinus B. Suprasaggital sinus C. Transverse sinus D. Inferior petrosal sinus Answer: A. Cavernous sinus " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Contraindications of circlage operation are all except? a - Leaking membranes b - Features of amnionitis c - History of vaginal bleeding d - Pregnancy beyond 14 weeks Answer: Pregnancy beyond 14 weeks "," Contraindications of circlage operation are all except? A. Leaking membranes B. Features of amnionitis C. History of vaginal bleeding D. Pregnancy beyond 14 weeks Answer: D. Pregnancy beyond 14 weeks " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The nurse has administered a dose of epinephrine to a 12-month-old infant. For which adverse reactions of epinephrine should the nurse monitor? (Select all that apply.) a. Nausea b. Tremors c. Irritability d. Bradycardia e. Hypotension Answer: A - Nausea B - Tremors C - Irritability Epinephrine increases activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Adverse effects include nausea, tremors, and irritability. Tachycardia would occur, not bradycardia, and hypertension, not hypotension, would occur "," The nurse has administered a dose of epinephrine to a 12-month-old infant. For which adverse reactions of epinephrine should the nurse monitor? (Select all that apply.) A. Nausea B. Tremors C. Irritability D. Bradycardia E. Hypotension Answer: A. Nausea, B. Tremors, C. Irritability " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The number of times an individual swallows per day while awake? 600 800 700 900 Answer: A.600 "," The number of times an individual swallows per day while awake? A. 600 B. 800 C. 700 D. 900 Answer: A. 600 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Ethmoidal polyp is ? Due to infection Single Recurrent Occurs in children Answer: c "," Ethmoidal polyp is ? A. Due to infection B. Single C. Recurrent D. Occurs in children Answer: C. Recurrent " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Starvation and diabetes mellitus can lead on to ketoacidosis which of the following features is in our of ketoacidosis due to diabetes mellitus.? A)Increase in glucagon/insulin ratio, increased CAMP and increased blood glucose B)Decreased insulin, increased free fatty acid which is equivalent to blood glucose C)Decreased insulin, increased free fatty acid which is not equivalent to blood glucose D)Elevated insulin and free fatty acid, equivalent to blood glucose Answer:A, Increase in glucagon/insulin ratio, increased CAMP and increased blood glucose "," Starvation and diabetes mellitus can lead on to ketoacidosis which of the following features is in our of ketoacidosis due to diabetes mellitus.? A. Increase in glucagon/insulin ratio, increased CAMP and increased blood glucose B. Decreased insulin, increased free fatty acid which is equivalent to blood glucose C. Decreased insulin, increased free fatty acid which is not equivalent to blood glucose D. Elevated insulin and free fatty acid, equivalent to blood glucose Answer: A. Increase in glucagon/insulin ratio, increased CAMP and increased blood glucose " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In which case cystometric study is indicated? A)Neurogenic bladder B)Stress incontinence C)Fistula D)Urge incontinence Answer:A- Neurogenic bladder Cystometric studies are urodynamic studies in which the pressure changes in the bladder is simultaneously measured with bladder filling and during micturition. It helps in accurate assessment of detrusor and sphincter activity especially if a neurogenic abnormality is suspected. Though it is also used in stress incontinence but the aim here is to rule out any neurogenic cause. "," In which case cystometric study is indicated? A. Neurogenic bladder B. Stress incontinence C. Fistula D. Urge incontinence Answer: A. Neurogenic bladder " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The nurse is preparing to feed a 10-month-old child diagnosed with failure to thrive (FTT). Which actions should the nurse plan to implement? (Select all that apply.) a. Be persistent. b. Introduce new foods slowly. c. Provide a stimulating atmosphere. d. Maintain a calm, even temperament. e. Feed the infant only when signs of hunger are exhibited. Answer: A - Be persistent. B - Introduce new foods slowly. D - Maintain a calm, even temperament. Feeding strategies for children with FTT should include persistence; introducing new foods slowly; and maintaining a calm, even temperament. The environment should be unstimulating, and a structured routine should be developed with regard to feeding, not just when the infant shows signs of hunger "," The nurse is preparing to feed a 10-month-old child diagnosed with failure to thrive (FTT). Which actions should the nurse plan to implement? (Select all that apply.) A. Be persistent. B. Introduce new foods slowly. C. Provide a stimulating atmosphere. D. Maintain a calm, even temperament. e. Feed the infant only when signs of hunger are exhibited. Answer: A. Be persistent, B. Introduce new foods slowly, D. Maintain a calm, even temperament " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Generalised thickening of cortical and cancellous bones is seen in? A.Osteopetrosis B.Pagets disease C.Osteogenesis imperfecta D.Infantile hyperostosis Answer:D. Infantile hyperostosis "," Generalised thickening of cortical and cancellous bones is seen in? A. Osteopetrosis B. Pagets disease C. Osteogenesis imperfecta D. Infantile hyperostosis Answer: D. Infantile hyperostosis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: An adult male sustained accidental burns and died 1 hour later. Which of the following enzymes will be increased in the burn area? a)ATPase b)Aminopeptidase c)Acid phosphatase d)Alkaline phosphatase Answer:a, ATPase Answer: a) ATPase (KS NARAYAN REDDY 33rd ED P-327)In antemortem burns, skin adjacent to the burnt area will show increase in the following enzymes after certain time intervalEnzymeAge of wounds (hour)ATPases1Esterases1Aminopeptidases2Acid phosphatase4Alkaline phosphatase8 "," An adult male sustained accidental burns and died 1 hour later. Which of the following enzymes will be increased in the burn area? A. ATPase B. Aminopeptidase C. Acid phosphatase D. Alkaline phosphatase Answer: A. ATPase " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following vitamin enhances intestinal absorption of calcium? A.Vitamin D B.Vitamin K C.Vitamin B1 D.Vitamin B2 Answer:A. Vitamin D "," Which of the following vitamin enhances intestinal absorption of calcium? A. Vitamin D B. Vitamin K C. Vitamin B1 D. Vitamin B2 Answer: A. Vitamin D " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The nurse is conducting a community education class on the 2011 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report on the role of nursing in transforming health care. Which statements made by the nurse correlate with the IOM recommendations for transforming nursing education? Select all that apply. A)Baccalaureate-trained nurses do not need further academic training. B)Nurses should follow health care provider' lead for changing the health care system. C)""Nurses are no longer the handmaidens of health care providers and should be full partners in redesigning health care."" D)The infrastructure for data collection related to nursing is in place. E)""Education should be transformed to ensure a seamless academic transition."" Answer: C, E "," The nurse is conducting a community education class on the 2011 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report on the role of nursing in transforming health care. Which statements made by the nurse correlate with the IOM recommendations for transforming nursing education? Select all that apply. A. Baccalaureate-trained nurses do not need further academic training. B. Nurses should follow health care provider' lead for changing the health care system. C. ""Nurses are no longer the handmaidens of health care providers and should be full partners in redesigning health care."" D. The infrastructure for data collection related to nursing is in place. E. ""Education should be transformed to ensure a seamless academic transition."" Answer: C. ""Nurses are no longer the handmaidens of health care providers and should be full partners in redesigning health care."" E. ""Education should be transformed to ensure a seamless academic transition."" " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Tonic neck relfex is lost in lesion of? a)Cerebral coex b)Midbrain c)Medulla d)Spinal cord Answer:c, Medulla Ans. is 'c' i.e., Medulla "," Tonic neck relfex is lost in lesion of? A. Cerebral coex B. Midbrain C. Medulla D. Spinal cord Answer: C. Medulla " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Staphylococcus aureus does not cause which of the following skin infection? A.Ecthyma gangrenosum B.Bullous impetigo C.Botryomycosis D.Cellulitis Answer:A. Ecthyma gangrenosum "," Staphylococcus aureus does not cause which of the following skin infection? A. Ecthyma gangrenosum B. Bullous impetigo C. Botryomycosis D. Cellulitis Answer: A. Ecthyma gangrenosum " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Drug that may induce nail pigmentation - melanonychia? -Retinoids -Carbamazepine -Tetracyclines -Zidovudine Answer: d: Zidovudine "," Drug that may induce nail pigmentation - melanonychia? A. Retinoids B. Carbamazepine C. Tetracyclines D. Zidovudine Answer: D. Zidovudine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Determination of Pulp vitality by pulse oximeter based on? A.Beer's law. B.Pascal's law. C.Doppler law. D.Poisslues law. Answer:A. Beer's law. Pulse oxymetry- Based on Beer Lambert law Utilization of a probe that transmits red (640 mm) and infrared light Photo detector as a receptor site Different absorption ability of light by oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobin leads to changes in the amount of light differently absorbed by the vascular bed before reaching the photo detector. "," Determination of Pulp vitality by pulse oximeter based on? A. Beer's law. B. Pascal's law. C. Doppler law. D. Poisslues law. Answer: A. Beer's law. " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All of the following are globular proteins except? 1 Prolamines 2 Albumin 3 Globulin 4 Myosin Answer:4- Myosin "," All of the following are globular proteins except? A. Prolamines B. Albumin C. Globulin D. Myosin Answer: D. Myosin " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Caudate lobe of liver is ? a,I bIII,c.IV,d. VI Answer: b, III "," Caudate lobe of liver is ? A. I B. III C. IV D. VI Answer: B. III " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -A 95-year-old woman touches a pot of boiling water. Within 2 hours, she has marked erythema of the skin of the fingers of her hand, and small blisters appear on the finger pads. This has led to which one of the following inflammatory responses? -Fibrinous inflammation -Granulomatous inflammation -Purulent inflammation -Serous inflammation Answer: D: Serous inflammation "," A 95-year-old woman touches a pot of boiling water. Within 2 hours, she has marked erythema of the skin of the fingers of her hand, and small blisters appear on the finger pads. This has led to which one of the following inflammatory responses? A. Fibrinous inflammation B. Granulomatous inflammation C. Purulent inflammation D. Serous inflammation Answer: D. Serous inflammation " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Causing hu by means of poison, etc with an intent to commit an offence is punishable under? -Sec. 328 IPC -Sec.326 A IPC -Sec.327 IPC -Sec. 329 IPC Answer: A: Sec. 328 IPC "," Causing hu by means of poison, etc with an intent to commit an offence is punishable under? A. Sec. 328 IPC B. Sec.326 A IPC C. Sec.327 IPC D. Sec. 329 IPC Answer: A. Sec. 328 IPC " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which arm of tRNA binds it to vibosomal surface? a - DHU arm b - Pseudouridine arm c - Acceptor arm d - Anticodon arm Answer: Pseudouridine arm "," Which arm of tRNA binds it to vibosomal surface? A. DHU arm B. Pseudouridine arm C. Acceptor arm D. Anticodon arm Answer: B. Pseudouridine arm " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Inclusion body conjunctivitis true is all except? A)Self limiting B)Present only in infants C)Occurs while passage from bih canal D)Caused by chlamydia Answer:B, Present only in infants "," Inclusion body conjunctivitis true is all except? A. Self limiting B. Present only in infants C. Occurs while passage from bih canal D. Caused by chlamydia Answer: B. Present only in infants " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Drugs known to cause Steven Johnson syndrome include the following except? a - Cephalosporins b - Ibuprofen c - Carbamazepine d - Paracetamol Answer: Paracetamol "," Drugs known to cause Steven Johnson syndrome include the following except? A. Cephalosporins B. Ibuprofen C. Carbamazepine D. Paracetamol Answer: D. Paracetamol " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Which of the following metabolic abnormality is seen in multiple myeloma? -Hyponatremia -Hypokalemia -Hypercalcemia -Hyperphosphatemia Answer: C Hypercalcemia "," Which of the following metabolic abnormality is seen in multiple myeloma? A. Hyponatremia B. Hypokalemia C. Hypercalcemia D. Hyperphosphatemia Answer: C. Hypercalcemia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -The testis descends the inguinal canal during...month.? -5th -6th -7th -8th Answer: c "," The testis descends the inguinal canal during...month.? A. 5th B. 6th C. 7th D. 8th Answer: C. 7th " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A young male presents with ear discharge since three years; recently developed swelling in the neck below and behind the angle of mandible, toicollis; on the examination, the external auditory canal was filled with granulation tissue. What is the diagnosis? 1 Luc's abscess 2 Citelli's abscess 3 Bezold's abscess 4 Parapharyngeal abscess Answer:3- Bezold's abscess "," A young male presents with ear discharge since three years; recently developed swelling in the neck below and behind the angle of mandible, toicollis; on the examination, the external auditory canal was filled with granulation tissue. What is the diagnosis? A. Luc's abscess B. Citelli's abscess C. Bezold's abscess D. Parapharyngeal abscess Answer: C. Bezold's abscess " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Intravascular heamolysis occurs in? Hereditory spherocytosis Antoimmune haemolytic anemia Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria Thalassemia Answer: C, Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria "," Intravascular heamolysis occurs in? A. Hereditory spherocytosis B. Antoimmune haemolytic anemia C. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria D. Thalassemia Answer: C. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In children with classical galactosemia all are true except? a-E. coli neonatal sepsis is common b-Elimination of galactose in diet will not reverse cataract c-Galactose conves to galactitol which is toxic to brain d-Children with Duae variant of galactosemia are asymptomatic Answer:b, Elimination of galactose in diet will not reverse cataract "," In children with classical galactosemia all are true except? A. E. coli neonatal sepsis is common B. Elimination of galactose in diet will not reverse cataract C. Galactose conves to galactitol which is toxic to brain D. Children with Duae variant of galactosemia are asymptomatic Answer: B. Elimination of galactose in diet will not reverse cataract " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All are the features of rheumatoid ahitis except? a,Osteosclerosis of joint bSoft tissue swelling,c.Narrowing of joint space,d. Periaicular osteoporosis Answer: a, Osteosclerosis of joint "," All are the features of rheumatoid ahitis except? A. Osteosclerosis of joint B. Soft tissue swelling C. Narrowing of joint space D. Periaicular osteoporosis Answer: A. Osteosclerosis of joint " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All are true about type 1 schizophrenia except? Acute illness Good prognosis Negative symptoms Intellect maintained Answer: C.Negative symptoms "," All are true about type 1 schizophrenia except? A. Acute illness B. Good prognosis C. Negative symptoms D. Intellect maintained Answer: C. Negative symptoms " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Galactokinesis means? a-Sustaining lactation b-Secretion of milk c-Ejection of milk d-Synthesis of milk Answer:c, Ejection of milk "," Galactokinesis means? A. Sustaining lactation B. Secretion of milk C. Ejection of milk D. Synthesis of milk Answer: C. Ejection of milk " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which one of the following device conves radioactive emissions to light for detection? A)Geiger counter B)Photographic film C)Scintillation counter D)Radiotracer Answer:C, Scintillation counter "," Which one of the following device conves radioactive emissions to light for detection? A. Geiger counter B. Photographic film C. Scintillation counter D. Radiotracer Answer: C. Scintillation counter " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The Efferent fibers bundle of the substantia nigra transmits dopamine to one of the following areas? Thalamus Corpus striatum Tegmentum of pons Tectum of midbrain Answer: B, Corpus striatum "," The Efferent fibers bundle of the substantia nigra transmits dopamine to one of the following areas? A. Thalamus B. Corpus striatum C. Tegmentum of pons D. Tectum of midbrain Answer: B. Corpus striatum " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In a young female of reproductive age an absolute contraindication for prescribing oral contraceptive pills is? A)Diabetes B)Hypertension C)Obesity D)Impaired liver function Answer:D- Impaired liver function Ans-D i.e., Impaired liver function Repeat Q No 173 (Nov. 2004)Absolute contraindications include:A personal h/O thromboembolic venous, arterial or cardiac disease or severe or multiple risk factor for these. Transient cerebral ischaemic attacks without a headache.Infective hepatitis, until 3 months after liver function tests has become normal, and another liver disease including disturbances of hepatic excretion e.g. cholestatic jaundice, Dubin Johnson and Rotor syndromes.A migraine, if there is a typical aura, focal features or if it is severe and lasts > 72 hours despite t/t or is treated with an ergot derivative.Carcinoma of the breast or the genital tractOther conditions including SLE, porphyria, following the evacuation of a hydatidiform mole (until urine and plasma gonadotropin concentrations are normal), undiagnosed vaginal bleeding.Relative contraindications of OCP'sThe family history of venous thromboembolism, arterial disease or a known prethrombotic condition e.g. Factor V Leiden (pretreatment coagulation investigation is advised).Diabetes mellitus which may be precipitated or become more difficult to control (avoid if there are diabetic complications).Hypertension (avoid if B.P. exceeds 160/100)Smoking > 40 Cigarettes per day (15 Cigarettes/day enhances the risk of circulatory disease and constitutes an absolute contraindication for women over 35 years.Long-term immobility (e.g. due to Leg plaster, confinement to bed.Breastfeeding (until weaning or for 6 months after birth).Obesity "," In a young female of reproductive age an absolute contraindication for prescribing oral contraceptive pills is? A. Diabetes B. Hypertension C. Obesity D. Impaired liver function Answer: D. Impaired liver function " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Normal axial length of the eye? -18mm -20 mm -24mm -28 mm Answer: C: 24mm "," Normal axial length of the eye? A. 18mm B. 20 mm C. 24mm D. 28 mm Answer: C. 24mm " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In measuring Vickers hardness no. which of the following is used? 1 Spherical indenter 2 Steel ball indentation 3 Rhomboid shaped indenter 4 136-degree diamond pyramid Answer:4- 136-degree diamond pyramid "," In measuring Vickers hardness no. which of the following is used? A. Spherical indenter B. Steel ball indentation C. Rhomboid shaped indenter D. 136-degree diamond pyramid Answer: D. 136-degree diamond pyramid " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Drug of choice for Falciparum Malaria is:? A)Chloroquine B)Mefloquine C)ACT D)Proguanil Answer:C- ACT DOC for Falciparum Malaria - ACT.( Aemisinin based Combination therapy ) In Noh Eastern states:- ACT-AL co-formulated tablet of Aemether-20 mg / Lumefantrine - 120 mg. Primaquine 0.75 mg/ kg Body weight on day 2. 2. In Other States:- ACT-SP -Aesunate 50 mg tablet for 3 days and Sulphadoxine (500mg) - Pyremethamine (25mg) tablets for 1 Day. Primaquine tablets should be given on Day 2. "," Drug of choice for Falciparum Malaria is:? A. Chloroquine B. Mefloquine C. ACT D. Proguanil Answer: C. ACT " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following nerves are affected after spinal anaesthetic block –? A)Motor and sensory only B)Sensory and autonomic nerve only C)Sensory nerves only D)Sensory, autonomic and motor nerves Answer:D, Sensory, autonomic and motor nerves "," Which of the following nerves are affected after spinal anaesthetic block –? A. Motor and sensory only B. Sensory and autonomic nerve only C. Sensory nerves only D. Sensory, autonomic and motor nerves Answer: D. Sensory, autonomic and motor nerves " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: As compared to permanent tooth, root formation in primary tooth? 1 Take less time 2 Take more time 3 Same time 4 Is complete when tooth erupts in oral cavity Answer:1- Take less time "," As compared to permanent tooth, root formation in primary tooth? A. Take less time B. Take more time C. Same time D. Is complete when tooth erupts in oral cavity Answer: A. Take less time " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Factor V Leiden is caused due to a mutation that results in a substitution at position 506 glutamine to which of the following? A)Alanine B)Arginine C)Glycine D)Glutamine Answer:B- Arginine Mutation in factor V (called the Leiden mutation, after the city in the Netherlands where it was discovered) causes recurrent DVTs. The mutation results in a glutamine to arginine substitution at position 506 that renders factor V resistant to cleavage by protein C. As a result, an impoant antithrombotic counter-regulatory pathway is lost Ref: Robbins 8th edition Chapter 4. "," Factor V Leiden is caused due to a mutation that results in a substitution at position 506 glutamine to which of the following? A. Alanine B. Arginine C. Glycine D. Glutamine Answer: B. Arginine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Patient diagnosed as squamous cell intraepithelial lesion which of the following has the highest risk for progression to carcinoma;? A)Low grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia B)High grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia C)Squamous intraepithelial associated with HPV 16 D)Squamous intraepithelial neoplasia associated with HIV Answer:B- High grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion have a propensity to progress and become invasive, therefore need investigations and treatment Ref: Shaw Gynecology 17 e pg 410. "," Patient diagnosed as squamous cell intraepithelial lesion which of the following has the highest risk for progression to carcinoma;? A. Low grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia B. High grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia C. Squamous intraepithelial associated with HPV 16 D. Squamous intraepithelial neoplasia associated with HIV Answer: B. High grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Platelet aggregation is blocked by aspirin due to its action on? 1 Prostacyclin 2 PGF 2 alpha 3 Thromboxane A2 4 Phospholipase C Answer:3 - Thromboxane A2 Ans. c. Thromboxane A2 (Ref: Goodman Gilman 12/e p868; Katzung 12/e p638; KDT 7/e p195, 6/e p186, 609)Aspirin causes several different effects in the body, mainly the reduction of inflammation, analgesia, the prevention of clotting, and the reduction of fever. Much of this is believed to be due to decreased production of prostaglandins and TXA2.""In platelets, the major cyclooxygenase product is TxA2 (thromboxane A 2), a labile inducer of platelet aggregation and a potent vasoconstrictor. Aspirin blocks production of TxA2 by acetylating a serine residue near the active site of platelet cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), the enzyme that produces the cyclic endoperoxide precursor of TxA2. Because platelets do not synthesize new proteins, the action of aspirin on platelet COX-1 is permanent, lasting for the life of the platelet (7-10 days). Thus. repeated doses of aspirin produce a cumulative effect on platelet function. ""-- Goodman Gilman 12/e p868Drugs affecting Thromboxane A2COX inhibitors like aspirin decreases the synthesis of TXA2QDaltroban & Sultroban are TXA2 receptor antagonistsQDazoxihen inhibits the enzyme thromboxane synthetaseQAspirinAspirin is now rarely used as an anti-inflammatory medication and used for its anti-platelet effectsQ (doses of 81-325 mg once daily).Mechanisms of Action:In platelets, the major cyclooxygenase product is TxA2, a labile inducer of platelet aggregation & a potent vasoconstrictorQ.Aspirin blocks production of TxA2 by acetylating a serine residue near active site of platelet cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), enzyme that produces cyclic endoperoxide precursor of TxA2Q.Because platelets do not synthesize new proteins, the action of aspirin on platelet COX-1 is permanent, lasting for the life of the platelet (7-10 days)Q.Clinical UsesAspirin decreases the incidence of transient ischemic attacks, unstable angina, coronary artery thrombosis with myocardial infarction & thrombosis after coronary artery bypass graftingQ.Epidemiologic studies suggest that long-term use of aspirin at low- dosage is associated with a lower Incidence of colon cancer, possibly- related to its COX-Inhibiting effectsQ.Adverse EffectsGastric upset (intolerance) and gastric & duodenal ulcersQ.Hepatotoxicity, asthma, rashes, GI bleeding & renal toxicity rarely if ever occur at antithrombotic doses.Antiplatelet action of aspirin contraindicates its use by patients with hemophiliaQ. "," Platelet aggregation is blocked by aspirin due to its action on? A. Prostacyclin B. PGF 2 alpha C. Thromboxane A2 D. Phospholipase C Answer: C. Thromboxane A2 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which is true of typhoid? 1 Female carriers are less common 2 Male carriers though less are more dangerous 3 Gall bladder usually not involved in carrier state 4 Tetracycline is the DOC for carriers Answer:2- Male carriers though less are more dangerous "," Which is true of typhoid? A. Female carriers are less common B. Male carriers though less are more dangerous C. Gall bladder usually not involved in carrier state D. Tetracycline is the DOC for carriers Answer: B. Male carriers though less are more dangerous " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -What is the most common malignancy affecting spleen? -Angiosarcoma -Hamaoma -Secondaries -Lymphoma Answer: D Lymphoma "," What is the most common malignancy affecting spleen? A. Angiosarcoma B. Hamaoma C. Secondaries D. Lymphoma Answer: D. Lymphoma " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: True about primary peritonitis? A)Mostly monobacterial B)It is chemical peritonitis proceeds secondary peritonitis C)Needs peritoneal lavage D)Occurs with Cirrhosis of liver Answer:D, Occurs with Cirrhosis of liver "," True about primary peritonitis? A. Mostly monobacterial B. It is chemical peritonitis proceeds secondary peritonitis C. Needs peritoneal lavage D. Occurs with Cirrhosis of liver Answer: D. Occurs with Cirrhosis of liver " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most common cause of hirsutism in a teenage girl? a)Ovarian disease b)Pheochromocytoma c)Obesity d)Adrenogenital syndrome Answer:a, Ovarian disease As explained earlier PCOD is the most common cause of hirsutism. PCOD most common affects teenage girls (15–25 years). Therefore, In teenage girls most common cause of hirsutism is PCOD. "," Most common cause of hirsutism in a teenage girl? A. Ovarian disease B. Pheochromocytoma C. Obesity D. Adrenogenital syndrome Answer: A. Ovarian disease " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: What is an ideal method to prevent aspiration pneumonia? a-Cuffed endotracheal tube b-Inhalational anaesthesia c-Increased intra abdominal pressure d-Full stomach Answer:a, Cuffed endotracheal tube "," What is an ideal method to prevent aspiration pneumonia? A. Cuffed endotracheal tube B. Inhalational anaesthesia C. Increased intra abdominal pressure D. Full stomach Answer: A. Cuffed endotracheal tube " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: 62 year old patient underwent radical mastectomy 10 years back. She has long standing lymphedema. Now the biopsy shows angiosarcoma. This is known as? Stewart treves syndrome Monodors disease Zuskas disease Tietz syndrome Answer: A.Stewart treves syndrome "," 62 year old patient underwent radical mastectomy 10 years back. She has long standing lymphedema. Now the biopsy shows angiosarcoma. This is known as? A. Stewart treves syndrome B. Monodors disease C. Zuskas disease D. Tietz syndrome Answer: A. Stewart treves syndrome " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All of the following are true about Asthma, Except? A)Charcol Leydin crystals may be seen in sputum B)Reversible Airflow obstruction is a characteristic feature C)Large airways are involved D)Small airways are not involved Answer:D- Small airways are not involved Answer is D (Small airways are not involved): Asthma involves both large and small airways but alveoli are not involved Charcot Leyden crystals may be seen in sputum: Pathology by woolf lsr (1998)/434 Sputum from Asthmatics show ceain characteristic features, including charcot leydencrystas The microscopically identifiable features described in sputum are three 'C's Charcot Leyden crystals - Derived from granules of eosnophils andfbund only in Asthma Curshmann spirals - Curiously twisted casts of airways : Whorls of shed epethelium Creola bodies - Clumps of cells or isolated metaplastic cells Reversible Airflow obstruction is a charachteristic feature (Davidsons 18th/55, 326) Reversible Bronchoconstriction is the hallmark of Asthma The charachteristic feature of Asthma is Intermittent and Reversible airflow obstruction. Narrowing of airways is usually reversible, but in some patients with chronic asthma there may be an element of irreversible airflow obstruction Asthma involves both large and small airways Asthma involves Large and small airways hut not alveoli - 'Allergic Diseases: Diagnosis Treatment' 3rd/ 120 The large and small airways are both involved in Asthma -'Childhood Asthma: Diagnosis, Treatment & Management' r/15 Intermittent Asthma responds better to bronchodilator therapy than persistant Asthma Bronchodilators are effective drugs for the treatment of acute exacerbations or intermittent episodes of Asthma but they are not sufficient to control asthma in patients with persistant symptoms (persistant asthma) Bronchodilators are not sufficient to control Asthma in patients with persistant symptoms' "," All of the following are true about Asthma, Except? A. Charcol Leydin crystals may be seen in sputum B. Reversible Airflow obstruction is a characteristic feature C. Large airways are involved D. Small airways are not involved Answer: D. Small airways are not involved " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -All of the following are direct causes of maternal moality except? -APH -PPH -Hea disease -Eclampsia Answer: c "," All of the following are direct causes of maternal moality except? A. APH B. PPH C. Hea disease D. Eclampsia Answer: C. Hea disease " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which one of the following phenomena is closely associated with slow wave sleep? Dreaming Atonia Sleep walking Irregular hea rate Answer: c "," Which one of the following phenomena is closely associated with slow wave sleep? A. Dreaming B. Atonia C. Sleep walking D. Irregular hea rate Answer: C. Sleep walking " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Digoxin toxicity may result from the concurrent administration of digoxin with all of the following drugs EXCEPT? -Quinidine -Hydrochlorothiazide -Triamterene -Furosemide Answer: C Triamterene "," Digoxin toxicity may result from the concurrent administration of digoxin with all of the following drugs EXCEPT? A. Quinidine B. Hydrochlorothiazide C. Triamterene D. Furosemide Answer: C. Triamterene " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Which is the principal virulence factor in Clostridium tetani? -Tetanolysin -Tetanospasmin -Tetanotactin -Immobility factor Answer: b: Tetanospasmin "," Which is the principal virulence factor in Clostridium tetani? A. Tetanolysin B. Tetanospasmin C. Tetanotactin D. Immobility factor Answer: B. Tetanospasmin " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Umbilical cord usually separates in newborns on? Day 1 Day 2-3 Day 7-10 After 1 month Answer: c "," Umbilical cord usually separates in newborns on? A. Day 1 B. Day 2-3 C. Day 7-10 D. After 1 month Answer: C. Day 7-10 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which statement best describes the cranial fossa? A.The middle cranial fossa contains the cribriform plate. B.The anterior cranial fossa contains the pituitary gland. C.The middle cranial fossa is floored by the sphenoid and temporal bones. D.The internal acoustic meatus lies in the middle cranial fossa. Answer:C. The middle cranial fossa is floored by the sphenoid and temporal bones. "," Which statement best describes the cranial fossa? A. The middle cranial fossa contains the cribriform plate. B. The anterior cranial fossa contains the pituitary gland. C. The middle cranial fossa is floored by the sphenoid and temporal bones. D. The internal acoustic meatus lies in the middle cranial fossa. Answer: C. The middle cranial fossa is floored by the sphenoid and temporal bones. " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Sixth cranial nerve palsy causes of left eye causes? 1 Accomodation paresis in left gaze 2 Ptosis of left eye 3 Adduction weakness of left eye 4 Diplopia in left gaze Answer:4- Diplopia in left gaze "," Sixth cranial nerve palsy causes of left eye causes? A. Accomodation paresis in left gaze B. Ptosis of left eye C. Adduction weakness of left eye D. Diplopia in left gaze Answer: D. Diplopia in left gaze " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Krukenberg tumor is associated mostly with which cancer? -Stomach -Breast -Liver -Pancreas Answer: a "," Krukenberg tumor is associated mostly with which cancer? A. Stomach B. Breast C. Liver D. Pancreas Answer: A. Stomach " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which test is used to compare kapian-meier survival curve? T-test Chi-square test Log rank test Whitneys test Answer: c "," Which test is used to compare kapian-meier survival curve? A. T-test B. Chi-square test C. Log rank test D. Whitneys test Answer: C. Log rank test " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Which of the following is an absolute indication for surgery in cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia? -Bilateral hydroureteronephrosis -Nocturnal frequency -Recurrent urinary tract infection -Voiding bladder pressures > 50 cm of water Answer: c "," Which of the following is an absolute indication for surgery in cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia? A. Bilateral hydroureteronephrosis B. Nocturnal frequency C. Recurrent urinary tract infection D. Voiding bladder pressures > 50 cm of water Answer: C. Recurrent urinary tract infection " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Following endaerectomy on the right common carotid, a patient is found to be blind in the right eye. It is appears that a small thrombus embolized during surgery and lodged in the aery supplying the optic nerve. Which aery would be blocked? A.Central aery of the retina B.Infraorbital aery C.Lacrimal aery D.Nasociliary aretry Answer:A. Central aery of the retina The central aery of the retina is a branch of the ophthalmic aery. It is the sole blood supply to the retina; it has no significant collateral circulation and blockage of this vessel leads to blindness. The branches of this aery are what you view during a fundoscopic exam. Note: The infraorbital aery is a branch of the maxillary aery. It comes through the infraorbital foramen, inferior to the eye. It supplies the maxillary sinus, the maxillary incisors, canine and premolar teeth, and the skin of the cheek below the orbit. The supraorbital aery is another branch of the maxillary aery. It comes through the supraorbital foramen and supplies blood to the muscles, skin and fascia of the forehead. The lacrimal aery is a branch of the ophthalmic aery that supplies the lacrimal gland. The nasociliary aery doesn't exist, but there is a nasociliary nerve that travels with the ophthalmic aery. Ref: Moon D.A., Foreman K.B., Albeine K.H. (2011). Chapter 18. Orbit. In D.A. Moon, K.B. Foreman, K.H. Albeine (Eds), The Big Picture: Gross Anatomy. "," Following endaerectomy on the right common carotid, a patient is found to be blind in the right eye. It is appears that a small thrombus embolized during surgery and lodged in the aery supplying the optic nerve. Which aery would be blocked? A. Central aery of the retina B. Infraorbital aery C. Lacrimal aery D. Nasociliary aretry Answer: A. Central aery of the retina " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Granules of Eleidin are present in which of the following layer? A)Stratum corneum B)Stratum lucidum C)Stratum spinosum D)Stratum basale Answer:B, Stratum lucidum "," Granules of Eleidin are present in which of the following layer? A. Stratum corneum B. Stratum lucidum C. Stratum spinosum D. Stratum basale Answer: B. Stratum lucidum " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Ulceration of the vulva is commonly seen in all except? a)Bacterial vaginosis b)Syphilis c)Chancroid d)Behcet's disease Answer:a, Bacterial vaginosis Ans. is a, i.e. Bacterial vaginosisRef: Dutta Gynae 6th/ed, p262Vulval ulcersVulval ulcers are predominantly due to sexually transmitted diseases. Rarely, it may be due to non-specific causes.Malignant ulcer is also rare. The various etiological factors related to vulval ulcers are given in the below Table.Ulcers of the VulvaSTD relatedIdiopathicTuberculosisMalignancySystemic disease related or dermatoses* Syphilis* Herpes genitalis* Chancroid* Granuloma inguinale* Lymphogran-uloma venereumBehget's diseaseAphthous ulcersLipschutz ulcersTubercularPrimay* Squamous cell carcinoma* Malignant melanoma* Basal cell carcinomaSecondary* Leukemia* Choriocarcinoma* Lupus erythematosus* Crohn's disease* Lichen planus* Lichen sclerosus* Sjogren's syndromeNote: Lipschutz ulcer: The lesion affects mainly the labia minora and introitus. In acute state, there may be constitutional upset with lymphadenopathy. The causative agent may be Epstein-Barr virus. Treatment is with antiseptic lotions and ointment. "," Ulceration of the vulva is commonly seen in all except? A. Bacterial vaginosis B. Syphilis C. Chancroid D. Behcet's disease Answer: A. Bacterial vaginosis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: When providing patient-centered care, which action is the nurse's role in the planning phase of the nursing process? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. Prioritizing the nursing diagnoses Clustering related assessment data Obtaining subjective and objective data Preparing a list of nursing interventions Determining short- and long-term goals Answer: a. Prioritizing the nursing diagnoses d. Preparing a list of nursing interventions e. Determining short- and long-term goals "," When providing patient-centered care, which action is the nurse's role in the planning phase of the nursing process? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. Prioritizing the nursing diagnoses B. Clustering related assessment data C. Obtaining subjective and objective data D. Preparing a list of nursing interventions E. Determining short- and long-term goals Answer: a. Prioritizing the nursing diagnoses D. Preparing a list of nursing interventions E. Determining short- and long-term goals " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: To feel comfoable and cool in a factory the conrrected effective temperature ( in degree Farenheit) should be? A.Less tha 69 B.Between 69 and 76 C.Between 77 and 80 D.Between 81 and 82 Answer:B. Between 69 and 76 "," To feel comfoable and cool in a factory the conrrected effective temperature ( in degree Farenheit) should be? A. Less tha 69 B. Between 69 and 76 C. Between 77 and 80 D. Between 81 and 82 Answer: B. Between 69 and 76 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -DIC is seen most commonly seen in which ANIL type? -M2 -M3 -M4 -M5 Answer: B: M3 "," DIC is seen most commonly seen in which ANIL type? A. M2 B. M3 C. M4 D. M5 Answer: B. M3 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: What is the pressure of inspiration? A.Intrapleuarl B.Transpulmonary C.Trans chest wall D.Alveolar pressure Answer:A. Intrapleuarl Ans: a (Intrapleural) Ref: Ganong,22nd ed,p. 6651The main pressure in lung related to inspiration is intrapleural pressure.Intrapleural pressure.The pressure in the intrapleural space between the lungs and chest wall is intrapleural pressure.Intrapleural pressure changes from -2.5 to -6 mmHg during inspiration. During strong inspiratory effort it may reach up to -30 mmHg.Transpulmonary pressureIt is the difference between alveolar pressure and intrapleural pressure. It is the measure of elastic forces in the lungs.Alveolar pressure or intrapulmonary pressureIt is the pressure inside the lung alveoli. When no air flows the alveolar pressure is considered to be equal to the atmospheric pressure, i.e., 0 cm of water.During inspiration it decreases to -1 cm of water.During expiration it increases to+1 cm of water. "," What is the pressure of inspiration? A. Intrapleuarl B. Transpulmonary C. Trans chest wall D. Alveolar pressure Answer: A. Intrapleuarl " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Bidextrous grip is seen at what age? a)4 months b)5 months c)6 months d)7 months Answer:a, 4 months Ans. A. 4 monthsFINE MOTOR MILESTONES: AgeMilestone4 monthsBidextrous reach6 monthsUnidextrous reach9 monthsImmature pincer grasp12monthsMature pincer grasp15monthsImitates scribbling, tower of 2 blocks18monthsScribbles, tower of 3 blocks2 yearsTower of 6 blocks, veical & circular stroke3 yearsTower of 9 blocks, copies circle4 yearsCopies cross, bridge with blocks5 yearsCopies triangle "," Bidextrous grip is seen at what age? A. 4 months B. 5 months C. 6 months D. 7 months Answer: A. 4 months " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: False about stagardt's disease? a - Autosomal dominant b - No family history c - Beaten bronze appearance fundus d - ERG and EOG both are normal Answer: Autosomal dominant "," False about stagardt's disease? A. Autosomal dominant B. No family history C. Beaten bronze appearance fundus D. ERG and EOG both are normal Answer: A. Autosomal dominant " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: 5-year-old male brought to casualty by his mother because of episode of sudden vomiting. He has been behaving strangely according to mother. Laboratory findings showed microcytic hypochromic anemia with the above finding. The most probable poisoning is? 1 Chronic arsenic poisoning 2 Chronic lead poisoning 3 Chronic mercury poisoning 4 Chronic copper poisoning Answer:2- Chronic lead poisoning "," 5-year-old male brought to casualty by his mother because of episode of sudden vomiting. He has been behaving strangely according to mother. Laboratory findings showed microcytic hypochromic anemia with the above finding. The most probable poisoning is? A. Chronic arsenic poisoning B. Chronic lead poisoning C. Chronic mercury poisoning D. Chronic copper poisoning Answer: B. Chronic lead poisoning " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: This condition is best treated by? Intra-keloidal injection of triamcinolone Wide excision and grafting Wide excision and suturing ( Deep X-ray therapy Answer: a "," This condition is best treated by? A. Intra-keloidal injection of triamcinolone B. Wide excision and grafting C. Wide excision and suturing ( D. Deep X-ray therapy Answer: A. Intra-keloidal injection of triamcinolone " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Organisms that has not been cultured successfully so far is? A.Leptospira B.Treponema pallidum C.Bordetella D.Staphylococcus Answer:B. Treponema pallidum "," Organisms that has not been cultured successfully so far is? A. Leptospira B. Treponema pallidum C. Bordetella D. Staphylococcus Answer: B. Treponema pallidum " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Decreased motility of fallopian tube is seen in? Churg- strauss syndrome Kartagener s syndrome Noonan syndrome Turner syndrome Answer: B, Kartagener s syndrome "," Decreased motility of fallopian tube is seen in? A. Churg- strauss syndrome B. Kartagener s syndrome C. Noonan syndrome D. Turner syndrome Answer: B. Kartagener s syndrome " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Human development index includes? A.Crude death rate B.Life expectancy at one year C.Life expectancy at bih D.All Answer:C. Life expectancy at bih "," Human development index includes? A. Crude death rate B. Life expectancy at one year C. Life expectancy at bih D. All Answer: C. Life expectancy at bih " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Compared to follicular Ca, papillary Ca of thyroid have :a) More male preponderanceb) Bilateralityc) Local recurrence commond) Increased mortalitye) Increased lymph node metastasis.? 1 ab 2 bce 3 acd 4 ace Answer: bce "," Compared to follicular Ca, papillary Ca of thyroid have :a) More male preponderanceb) Bilateralityc) Local recurrence commond) Increased mortalitye) Increased lymph node metastasis.? A. ab B. bce C. acd D. ace Answer: B. bce " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A man coming from a mountain whose wife died 6 months prior says that his wife appeared to him and asked him to join her. The diagnosis is? Normal grief Grief psychosis Bereavement reaction Supernatural phenomenon Answer: b "," A man coming from a mountain whose wife died 6 months prior says that his wife appeared to him and asked him to join her. The diagnosis is? A. Normal grief B. Grief psychosis C. Bereavement reaction D. Supernatural phenomenon Answer: B. Grief psychosis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All of the following side effects are produced by Cisplatin except? 1 Ototoxicity 2 Nephrotoxicity 3 Coasting effect 4 Pulmonary fibrosis Answer:4- Pulmonary fibrosis "," All of the following side effects are produced by Cisplatin except? A. Ototoxicity B. Nephrotoxicity C. Coasting effect D. Pulmonary fibrosis Answer: D. Pulmonary fibrosis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All of the following are true regarding diuretics except:? 1 Spironolactone is a potassium sparing drug 2 Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic 3 Thiazides act by inhibiting sodium-potassium chloride co-transpo 4 Acetazolamide inhibits carbonic anhydrase enzyme Answer:3 - Thiazides act by inhibiting sodium-potassium chloride co-transpo Name Site of action Example Mechanism Loop diuretics Thick ascending limb of Loop of Henle Furosemide Torsemide Na-K-2Cl sympoer inhibition Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors PCT Acetazolamide Dorzolamide Brinzolamide Carbonic anhydrase inhibition Thiazides DCT Hydrochlohiazide Chlohalidone Na-Cl sympoer inhibition Osmotic diuretics Non-specific Mannitol By osmotic effect Epithelial sodium channel blockers Collecting duct Amiloride Triamterene eNa channel blockade Aldosterone antagonists Collecting duct Spironolactone Epleronone Antagonism of aldosterone receptors "," All of the following are true regarding diuretics except:? A. Spironolactone is a potassium sparing drug B. Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic C. Thiazides act by inhibiting sodium-potassium chloride co-transpo D. Acetazolamide inhibits carbonic anhydrase enzyme Answer: C. Thiazides act by inhibiting sodium-potassium chloride co-transpo " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: What is the most likely diagnosis in this 50-year-old woman? Metastasis Onychomycosis Psoriasis Thromboangiitis obliterans Answer: A, Metastasis "," What is the most likely diagnosis in this 50-year-old woman? A. Metastasis B. Onychomycosis C. Psoriasis D. Thromboangiitis obliterans Answer: A. Metastasis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Therapeutic blood range of theophylline in microgram per L is? a-0-5 b-10-May c-15-May d-20-May Answer:d, 20-May "," Therapeutic blood range of theophylline in microgram per L is? A. 0-5 B. 10-May C. 15-May D. 20-May Answer: D. 20-May " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -The patient with least risk of pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents during induction of anesthesia is:? -Markedly obese and NPO for eight hours -Fed coffee four hours before elective surgery -Scheduled for elective cesarean delivery and NPO for 20 hours -NPO for four hours after a full meal Answer: a "," The patient with least risk of pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents during induction of anesthesia is:? A. Markedly obese and NPO for eight hours B. Fed coffee four hours before elective surgery C. Scheduled for elective cesarean delivery and NPO for 20 hours D. NPO for four hours after a full meal Answer: A. Markedly obese and NPO for eight hours " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 24 yr-old female has flaccid bullae over the skin and oral erosions. Histopathology shows intraepidermal blister with acantholytic cells. Diagnosis is? Pemphigoid Erythema multiforme Pemphigus vulgaris Dermatitis herpetiformis Answer: C, Pemphigus vulgaris "," A 24 yr-old female has flaccid bullae over the skin and oral erosions. Histopathology shows intraepidermal blister with acantholytic cells. Diagnosis is? A. Pemphigoid B. Erythema multiforme C. Pemphigus vulgaris D. Dermatitis herpetiformis Answer: C. Pemphigus vulgaris " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which is the first organ to be affected in left ventricular failure? 1 Lungs 2 Liver 3 Kidney 4 Brain Answer: Lungs Ans. (a) LungsRef: Robbin's pathology 9th ed. /529-30* In left ventricular failure, the pooling of blood in lungs will result and will lead to development of pulmonary edema which causes hypoxia and findings of dysnea, orthopnea, pink frothy sputum and death. Hence lungs are immediately affected following LVF.* Subsequently due to low BP the kidneys shall be affected and in severe LVF brain perfusion shall also be affected. "," Which is the first organ to be affected in left ventricular failure? A. Lungs B. Liver C. Kidney D. Brain Answer: A. Lungs " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -A person had injury to right upper limb he is not able to extend fingers but able to extend wrist and elbow. Nerve injured is? -Radial -Median -Ulnar -Posterior interosseus Answer: d "," A person had injury to right upper limb he is not able to extend fingers but able to extend wrist and elbow. Nerve injured is? A. Radial B. Median C. Ulnar D. Posterior interosseus Answer: D. Posterior interosseus " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Venous drainage of upper pa of uterus and placenta is through? 1 Ovarian vein 2 Uterine vein 3 Internal iliac vein 4 Answer:1- Ovarian vein "," Venous drainage of upper pa of uterus and placenta is through? A. Ovarian vein B. Uterine vein C. Internal iliac vein D. Answer: A. Ovarian vein " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is non-competitive inhibitor of intestinal alkaline phosphatase? a)L-Alanine b)L-Tyrosine c)L-Tryptophan d)L-Phenylalanine Answer:d, L-Phenylalanine Ans. d (L-Phenylalanine) (Ref. Biochemistry by Vasudevan, 4th ed., 57; 5th ed., 55-56)ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE# The pH optimum for the enzyme reaction is between 9 and 10.# It is activated by magnesium and manganese.# Zinc is a constituent ion of ALR# It is produced by osteoblasts of bone, and is associated with the calcification process.# It is localised in cell membranes (ecto-enzyme), and is associated with transport mechanisms in liver, kidney and intestinal mucosa.# For estimation, sodium phenyl phosphate is used as the substrate, pH is adjusted to 9.9, serum sample is added as the source of ALP and incubated.# Normal serum value of ALP is 40-125 U/L.# Raised Levels:Mild increasepregnancy.Moderate (2-3 times) increaseIn infective hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis or hepatocellular carcinoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, congestive cardiac failure or ulcerative colitis.Very high levels of ALP (10-12 times)In extrahepatic obstruction (obstructive jaundice) or cholestasis.Drastically high levels of ALP (10-25 times)Bone diseases where osteoblastic activity is enhanced such as Paget's disease, rickets, osteomalacia, osteoblastoma, metastatic carcinoma of bone, and hyperparathyroidism.Iso-enzymes of Alkaline Phosphatase# Alpha-1 ALP moves in alpha-1 position, it is synthesized by epithelial cells of biliary canaliculi. It is about 10% of total activity and is increased in obstructive jaundice and to some extent in metastatic carcinoma of liver.# Alpha-2 heat labile ALP is stable at 56degC; but loses its activity when kept at 65degC for 30 minutes. It is produced by hepatic cells. Therefore, exaggerated alpha-2 band suggests hepatitis. This liver iso-enzyme forms about 25% of total ALP.# Alpha-2 heat stable ALP will not be destroyed at 65degC, but is inhibited by phenylalanine. It is of placental origin, which is found in blood in normal pregnancy. An iso-enzyme closely resembling the placental form is characteristically seen in circulation in about 15% cases of carcinoma of lung, liver and gut and named as Regan iso-enzyme (after the first patient in whom it was detected) or carcinoplacental iso-enzyme. Chronic heavy smoking also increases Regan iso-enzyme level in blood. Normal level is only 1% of the total ALP.# Pre-beta ALP is of bone origin and elevated levels are seen in bone diseases. This is most heat labile (destroyed at 56degC, 10 min). Wheat germ lectin will precipitate bone isoenzyme. This constitutes about 50% of normal ALP activity.# Gamma-ALP is inhibited by phenylalanine and originates from intestinal cells. It is increased in ulcerative colitis. About 10% of plasma ALP are of intestinal variety.# Leucocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) is significantly decreased in chronic myeloid leukemia. It is increased in lymphomas and leukemoid reactions.ALANINE AMINO TRANSFERASE (ALT)# It is also called as serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT).# The enzyme needs pyridoxal phosphate as co-enzyme.# Normal serum level of AL T for male is 13^4-0 U/L and for female is 10-28 U/L.# Very high values (100 to 1000 U/L) are seen in acute hepatitis, either toxic or viral in origin.# Both ALT and AST levels are increased in liver disease, but ALT > AST.# Moderate increase (25 to 100 U/L) may be seen in chronic liver diseases such as cirrhosis, Hepatoma.# A sudden fall in ALT level in cases of hepatitis is very bad prognostic sign.NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATASE# It is also known as 5' nucleotidase.# It is a marker enzyme for plasma membranes and is seen as an ecto-enzyme (enzyme present on the cell membrane).# Serum samples contain both ALP and NTP.# These are distinguished by Nickel ions which inhibit NTP but not ALP.- Normal NTP level in serum is 2-10 IU/L. It is moderately increased in hepatitis and highly elevated in biliary obstruction.# Unlike ALP, the level is unrelated with osteoblastic activity and therefore unaffected by bone disease.GAMMA GLUTAMYL TRANSFERASE (GGT)# The old name was gamma glutamyl transpeptidase.# It can transfer gamma glutamyl residues to substrate.# In the body it is used in the synthesis of glutathione.# It is seen in liver, kidney, pancreas, intestinal cells and prostate gland. "," Which of the following is non-competitive inhibitor of intestinal alkaline phosphatase? A. L-Alanine B. L-Tyrosine C. L-Tryptophan D. L-Phenylalanine Answer: D. L-Phenylalanine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: One of the constituents of the commonly used metered dose inhalers in bronchial asthma which is an air pollutant & dangerous to earth's stratosphere is? A.Flurocarbons B.Salbutamol C.Ozone D.Oxygen Answer:A. Flurocarbons "," One of the constituents of the commonly used metered dose inhalers in bronchial asthma which is an air pollutant & dangerous to earth's stratosphere is? A. Flurocarbons B. Salbutamol C. Ozone D. Oxygen Answer: A. Flurocarbons " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Treatment of Choice in Sleep Apnea Syndrome? a)Continuous positive pressure ventilation. b)Sedatives. c)Antidepressants. d)Antiepileptics Answer:a, Continuous positive pressure ventilation. (A) Continuous positive pressure ventilation# Sleep apnea: Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing during sleep. Each episode, called an apnea, lasts long enough so that one or more breaths are missed, and such episodes occur repeatedly throughout sleep.> The standard definition of any apneic event includes a minimum 10 second interval between breaths, with either a neurological arousal (a 3-second or greater shift in EEG frequency, measured at C3, C4, O1, or O2), a blood oxygen desaturation of 3-4deg/: or greater, or both arousal and desaturation. Sleep apnea is diagnosed with an overnight sleep test called a polysomnogram, or a ""Sleep Study"".> Treatment: The most common treatment and arguably the most consistently effective treatment for sleep apnea is the use of a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device, which 'splints' the patient's airway open during sleep by means of a flow of pressurized air into the throat. However the CPAP machine only assists inhaling whereas a BiPAP machine assists with both inhaling and exhaling, and is used in more severe cases. Medications like Acetazolamide lower blood pH and encourage respiration. Low doses of oxygen are also used as a treatment for hypoxia but are discouraged due to side effects. "," Treatment of Choice in Sleep Apnea Syndrome? A. Continuous positive pressure ventilation. B. Sedatives. C. Antidepressants. D. Antiepileptics Answer: A. Continuous positive pressure ventilation. " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A patient has ecchymosis and petechiae all over the body with no hepato-splenomegaly. All are true except? Increased megakaryocytes in bone narrow Bleeding into the joints Decreased platelet in blood Disease resolves itself in 80% of Patients in 2-6 Answer: b "," A patient has ecchymosis and petechiae all over the body with no hepato-splenomegaly. All are true except? A. Increased megakaryocytes in bone narrow B. Bleeding into the joints C. Decreased platelet in blood D. Disease resolves itself in 80% of Patients in 2-6 Answer: B. Bleeding into the joints " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In Steiner's analysis, SNA demonstrates? A)Position of mandible in relation to cranial base B)Position of maxilla in relation to cranial base C)Maxillo-mandibular relationship D)None of the above Answer:B- Position of maxilla in relation to cranial base Relating the Maxilla to the Skull: The angle SNA is formed by joining the lines S-N and N-A . The mean reading for this angle is 82°. Steiners analysis demonstrates the position of maxilla and mandible in relation to the cranial base.  If the angular reading is more than 82°, it would indicate a relative forward positioning or protrusion of the maxilla. Conversely, should the reading be less than 82°, it would indicate a relative backward or recessive location of the maxilla. "," In Steiner's analysis, SNA demonstrates? A. Position of mandible in relation to cranial base B. Position of maxilla in relation to cranial base C. Maxillo-mandibular relationship D. None of the above Answer: B. Position of maxilla in relation to cranial base " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Prostaglandin was discovered from? -Tear -Saliva -Seminal fluid -Blood Answer: c: Seminal fluid "," Prostaglandin was discovered from? A. Tear B. Saliva C. Seminal fluid D. Blood Answer: C. Seminal fluid " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is having a 90% associated with HLA B27? 1 Ankylosing spondylitis 2 Rheumatoid ahritis 3 Psoriasis 4 Reiter's syndrome Answer:1- Ankylosing spondylitis "," Which of the following is having a 90% associated with HLA B27? A. Ankylosing spondylitis B. Rheumatoid ahritis C. Psoriasis D. Reiter's syndrome Answer: A. Ankylosing spondylitis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Small cuff size will lead to? a-Falsely increased BP b-Falsely low BP c-No effect on BP d-Fluctuating BP Answer:a, Falsely increased BP "," Small cuff size will lead to? A. Falsely increased BP B. Falsely low BP C. No effect on BP D. Fluctuating BP Answer: A. Falsely increased BP " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The nurse is planning care for an infant with eczema. Which interventions should the nurse include in the care plan? (Select all that apply.) a. Avoid giving the infant a bubble bath. b. Avoid the use of a humidifier in the infant's room. c. Avoid overdressing the infant. d. Avoid the use of topical steroids on the infant's skin. e. Avoid wet compresses on the infant's most affected areas. Answer: A - Avoid giving the infant a bubble bath. C - Avoid overdressing the infant. Guidelines for care of an infant with eczema include avoiding a bubble bath and harsh soaps and avoiding overdressing the infant to prevent perspiration, which can cause a flare-up. The care plan should include using a humidifier in the infant's room, topical steroids, and wet compresses on the most affected areas. "," The nurse is planning care for an infant with eczema. Which interventions should the nurse include in the care plan? (Select all that apply.) a. Avoid giving the infant a bubble bath. B. Avoid the use of a humidifier in the infant's room. C. Avoid overdressing the infant. D. Avoid the use of topical steroids on the infant's skin. E. Avoid wet compresses on the infant's most affected areas. Answer: A. Avoid giving the infant a bubble bath, C. Avoid overdressing the infant " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The nurse is teaching parents about foods that are hyperallergenic. Which foods should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.) a. Peanuts b. Bananas c. Potatoes d. Egg noodles e. Tomato juice Answer: A - Peanuts D - Egg noodles E - Tomato juice Hyperallergenic foods include peanuts, egg noodles, and tomato juice. Bananas and potatoes are not hyperallergenic "," The nurse is teaching parents about foods that are hyperallergenic. Which foods should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.) A. Peanuts B. Bananas c. Potatoes D. Egg noodles E. Tomato juice Answer: A. Peanuts, D. Egg noodles, E. Tomato juice " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Height of child acquire 100 cm in? -2.5 year -3.5 year -4.5 year -5.5 year Answer: c: 4.5 year "," Height of child acquire 100 cm in? A. 2.5 year B. 3.5 year C. 4.5 year D. 5.5 year Answer: C. 4.5 year " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 7 years old boy presented with painful boggy swelling of scalp, multiple sinuses with purulent discharge, easily pluckable hairs and lymph nodes enlarged in occipital region. Which one of the following would be most helpful for diagnostic evaluation? A)Bacterial culture B)Biopsy C)KOH mount D)Patch test Answer:C- KOH mount Ans. c. KOH mount "," A 7 years old boy presented with painful boggy swelling of scalp, multiple sinuses with purulent discharge, easily pluckable hairs and lymph nodes enlarged in occipital region. Which one of the following would be most helpful for diagnostic evaluation? A. Bacterial culture B. Biopsy C. KOH mount D. Patch test Answer: C. KOH mount " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -30 out of 50 smokers and 10 out of 50 non smokers develop lung cancer. What is odd's Ratio? -4 -2.8 -6 -7 Answer: c: 6 "," 30 out of 50 smokers and 10 out of 50 non smokers develop lung cancer. What is odd's Ratio? A. 4 B. 2.8 C. 6 D. 7 Answer: C. 6 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: . When the confidence level of a testis increased which of the following will happen? 1 No effect on significance 2 Previously insignificant value becomes significant 3 Previously significant value becomes insignificant 4 No change in hypothesis Answer:2 - Previously insignificant value becomes significant "," . When the confidence level of a testis increased which of the following will happen? A. No effect on significance B. Previously insignificant value becomes significant C. Previously significant value becomes insignificant D. No change in hypothesis Answer: B. Previously insignificant value becomes significant " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Hydatidiform - mole, characterized histologically by? a-Hyaline membrane degeneration b-Hydropic degeneration of the villous stroma c-Non proliferation of cytotrophoblasts d-Non proliferation of syncytiotrophoblasts Answer:b, Hydropic degeneration of the villous stroma "," Hydatidiform - mole, characterized histologically by? A. Hyaline membrane degeneration B. Hydropic degeneration of the villous stroma C. Non proliferation of cytotrophoblasts D. Non proliferation of syncytiotrophoblasts Answer: B. Hydropic degeneration of the villous stroma " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Post traumatic stress disorder is differentiated from other anxiety disorders by which of the following symptoms? A)Nightmares B)Re-living of past adverse event C)Hypervigilance D)Avoidance Answer:B- Re-living of past adverse event This question is not about the diagnostic features of PTSD. This is about the differential diagnosis. PTSD is an anxiety disorder and it shares symptoms with other disorders. Impoant features in distinguishing the condition are given below. Differential diagnosis: Point 1: Etiologically significant trauma should be present for a diagnosis of PTSD. E.g. A traumatic event in the past. Point 2: 'Intentionality' or 'aboutness' is an impoant factor for PTSD. Nightmares, flashbacks or reliving experiences should be related to the past event. PTSD concerns memory - Intrusion of past stressors into the present. Point 3: Avoid a 'stimulus' or 'activity' that provokes the memory of the past event. In the above question, only reliving experience is mentioned as connected to the past experiences. Hence, that is the answer for this question. All other symptoms can be see in other anxiety disorders. Ref: Kaplan & Sadock's, Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 9th Edition, Page 2659 "," Post traumatic stress disorder is differentiated from other anxiety disorders by which of the following symptoms? A. Nightmares B. Re-living of past adverse event C. Hypervigilance D. Avoidance Answer: B. Re-living of past adverse event " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is/are sign of fracture ? Abnormal mobility Crepitus Failure to transmit movement proximally All of above Answer: D.All of above "," Which of the following is/are sign of fracture ? A. Abnormal mobility B. Crepitus C. Failure to transmit movement proximally D. All of above Answer: D. All of above " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 27-year female wearing high heels stumbled and sustained inversion injury at ankle. Which ligament is most likely to be injured in the given case? A.A B.B C.C D.D Answer:A. A "," A 27-year female wearing high heels stumbled and sustained inversion injury at ankle. Which ligament is most likely to be injured in the given case? A. A B. B C. C D. D Answer: A. A " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Which amino acid migrates fastest on paper chromatography on methylcellulose medium? -Aspartic acid -Valine -Lysine -Glycine Answer: B Valine "," Which amino acid migrates fastest on paper chromatography on methylcellulose medium? A. Aspartic acid B. Valine C. Lysine D. Glycine Answer: B. Valine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which action would the nurse implement when a goal is not met when providing care for a patient? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. 1-Reassess the patient. 2-Revise the care plan. 3-Repeat the entire nursing process. 4-Refer the patient for specialized care. 5-Discontinue the care plan for the patient. Answer: 1-Reassess the patient. 2-Revise the care plan. 3-Repeat the entire nursing process. "," Which action would the nurse implement when a goal is not met when providing care for a patient? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. Reassess the patient. B. Revise the care plan. C. Repeat the entire nursing process. D. Refer the patient for specialized care. e. Discontinue the care plan for the patient. Answer: a. Reassess the patient. B. Revise the care plan. C. Repeat the entire nursing process. " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -False about osteoahritis is ? -Involves synol joints -Progressive softening of the aicular cailage -It is an inflammatory ahritis -Marginal osteophytes are produced Answer: C It is an inflammatory ahritis "," False about osteoahritis is ? A. Involves synol joints B. Progressive softening of the aicular cailage C. It is an inflammatory ahritis D. Marginal osteophytes are produced Answer: C. It is an inflammatory ahritis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Calculate the deficit for a 60 kg person,with Hb - 5 g/dl add 1000 mg for iron stores.? a)1500 b)2500 c)3500 d)4000 Answer:b, 2500 Iron deficit = Bodyweight(kg) x 2.3 x (15 - Hb) + 1000       = 60 x 2.3 x (15 - 5) + 1000       = 2380 (close to 2500) "," Calculate the deficit for a 60 kg person,with Hb - 5 g/dl add 1000 mg for iron stores.? A. 1500 B. 2500 C. 3500 D. 4000 Answer: B. 2500 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A dental floss is applied to the distal bow of a clamp, its function is? To facilitate the removal of the clamp To prevent aspiration of clamp To anchor the dam as cervically as possible To stabilize the clamp Answer: B, To prevent aspiration of clamp "," A dental floss is applied to the distal bow of a clamp, its function is? A. To facilitate the removal of the clamp B. To prevent aspiration of clamp C. To anchor the dam as cervically as possible D. To stabilize the clamp Answer: B. To prevent aspiration of clamp " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Glucose transpo occur with the help of following ion in absorption in gut region? 1 Na+ 2 K+ 3 Ca+ 4 CI- Answer:1 - Na+ Glucose is absorbed into the epithelial cells lining the mucous membrane of the small intestine from their brush border surface by an active transpo mechanism Sodium co-transpo mechanism. Binding of glucose & Na+ to carrier protein: The carrier protein in cell membrane has 2 binding sites, one for sodium & another for glucose.It is called sodium-dependent glucose transpoer-I. The conformational change in the carrier protein occurs only when the binding sites are occupied by the sodium & glucose present in the gut lumen forming the sodium- glucose - carrier complex. Ref: Medical Physiology, Indu Khurana "," Glucose transpo occur with the help of following ion in absorption in gut region? A. Na+ B. K+ C. Ca+ D. CI- Answer: A. Na+ " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Thickness of oxygen inhibition layer in composite curing is? a-1-50 micrometer b-15-150 micrometer c-50-500 micrometer d-1000-2000 micrometer Answer:c, 50-500 micrometer "," Thickness of oxygen inhibition layer in composite curing is? A. 1-50 micrometer B. 15-150 micrometer C. 50-500 micrometer D. 1000-2000 micrometer Answer: C. 50-500 micrometer " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Features of neurogenic shock are? A)↑Peripheral resistance ↓ cardiac output B)↑ Venous return ↑ cardiac output C)↓Peripheral resistence↓cardiac output D)Venoconstriction ↓cardiac output Answer:C- ↓Peripheral resistence↓cardiac output "," Features of neurogenic shock are? A. ↑Peripheral resistance ↓ cardiac output B. ↑ Venous return ↑ cardiac output C. ↓Peripheral resistence↓cardiac output D. Venoconstriction ↓cardiac output Answer: C. ↓Peripheral resistence↓cardiac output " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A six year old male baby presents to a hospital with recurrent gross hematuria for 2 years. There is no h/o burning micturition or pyuria. Urine routine examination demonstrated no pus cells and urine culture was sterile. Serum C3 levels were normal. What is the most probable diagnosis? a-Wilm's tumour b-IgA nephropathy c-Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis d-Urinaiy tract infection Answer:a, Wilm's tumour "," A six year old male baby presents to a hospital with recurrent gross hematuria for 2 years. There is no h/o burning micturition or pyuria. Urine routine examination demonstrated no pus cells and urine culture was sterile. Serum C3 levels were normal. What is the most probable diagnosis? A. Wilm's tumour B. IgA nephropathy C. Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis D. Urinaiy tract infection Answer: A. Wilm's tumour " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is a first-generation Cephalosporin used for surgical prophylaxis? a-Ceftriaxone b-Cefoxitin c-Cefazolin d-Cefepime Answer:c, Cefazolin "," Which of the following is a first-generation Cephalosporin used for surgical prophylaxis? A. Ceftriaxone B. Cefoxitin C. Cefazolin D. Cefepime Answer: C. Cefazolin " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -The medicolegal impoance of postmoem lividity is all except - (UP 07)? -Cause of death elsewhere -Time since death -Manner of death -Position of the body at the death Answer: C: Manner of death "," The medicolegal impoance of postmoem lividity is all except - (UP 07)? A. Cause of death elsewhere B. Time since death C. Manner of death D. Position of the body at the death Answer: C. Manner of death " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Intermediate host for hydatid disease? Man Dog Cat Foxes Answer: a "," Intermediate host for hydatid disease? A. Man B. Dog C. Cat D. Foxes Answer: A. Man " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is NOT associated with elevation of prostatic specific antigen? a-Acute prostatitis b-BPH c-Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasm d-Prostatic needle biopsy Answer:c, Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasm "," Which of the following is NOT associated with elevation of prostatic specific antigen? A. Acute prostatitis B. BPH C. Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasm D. Prostatic needle biopsy Answer: C. Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasm " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The nurse is teaching parents about potential causes of colic in infancy. Which should the nurse include in the teaching session? (Select all that apply.) a. Overeating b. Understimulation c. Frequent burping d. Parental smoking e. Swallowing excessive air Answer: A - Overeating D - Parental smoking E - Swallowing excessive air Potential causes of colic include too rapid feeding, overeating, swallowing excessive air, improper feeding technique (especially in positioning and burping), emotional stress or tension between the parent and child, parental smoking, and overstimulation "," The nurse is teaching parents about potential causes of colic in infancy. Which should the nurse include in the teaching session? (Select all that apply.) A. Overeating B. Understimulation C. Frequent burping D. Parental smoking E. Swallowing excessive air Answer: A. Overeating, D. Parental smoking, E. Swallowing excessive air " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In a 24 year old man weight of the upper limb is transmitted to the axial skeleton by? A.Coracoacromial ligament B.Coracoclavicular ligament C.Costoclavicular ligament D.Coracohumeral ligament Answer:B. Coracoclavicular ligament "," In a 24 year old man weight of the upper limb is transmitted to the axial skeleton by? A. Coracoacromial ligament B. Coracoclavicular ligament C. Costoclavicular ligament D. Coracohumeral ligament Answer: B. Coracoclavicular ligament " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All of the following features are seen in the viral pneumonia except? a - Presence of interstitial inflammation b - Predominance of alveolar exudate c - Bronchiolitis d - Multinucleate giant cells in the bronchiolar wall Answer: Predominance of alveolar exudate "," All of the following features are seen in the viral pneumonia except? A. Presence of interstitial inflammation B. Predominance of alveolar exudate C. Bronchiolitis D. Multinucleate giant cells in the bronchiolar wall Answer: B. Predominance of alveolar exudate " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which action by the nurse indicates evidence-based practice in the nursing process? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. Choosing nursing interventions on the basis of tradition Incorporating the best nursing practices by developing skill sets Focusing the plan of care on the primary health care provider's prescription Communicating the plan-of-care information in the shift change report Integrating the evidence-based care plan into the electronic health record Answer: Incorporating the best nursing practices by developing skill sets, Communicating the plan-of-care information in the shift change report, Integrating the evidence-based care plan into the electronic health record "," Which action by the nurse indicates evidence-based practice in the nursing process? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. Choosing nursing interventions on the basis of tradition B. Incorporating the best nursing practices by developing skill sets C. Focusing the plan of care on the primary health care provider's prescription D. Communicating the plan-of-care information in the shift change report E. Integrating the evidence-based care plan into the electronic health record Answer: b. Incorporating the best nursing practices by developing skill sets D. Communicating the plan-of-care information in the shift change report E. Integrating the evidence-based care plan into the electronic health record " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following events is involved in cleavage of the zygote during week 1 of development? A)A series of meiotic divisions forming blastomeres B)Production of highly differentiated blastomeres C)An increased cytoplasmic content of blastomeres D)A decrease in size of blastomeres Answer:D- A decrease in size of blastomeres Cleavage is a series of mitotic divisions by which the large amount of zygote cytoplasm is successively paitioned among the newly formed blastomeres. Although the number of blastomeres increases during cleavage, the size of individual blastomeres decreases until they resemble adult cells in size. "," Which of the following events is involved in cleavage of the zygote during week 1 of development? A. A series of meiotic divisions forming blastomeres B. Production of highly differentiated blastomeres C. An increased cytoplasmic content of blastomeres D. A decrease in size of blastomeres Answer: D. A decrease in size of blastomeres " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Antoni A & Antoni B Pattern's are seen in? a)Schwannoma b)Neurofibroma c)Meningioma d)Teratoma Answer:a, Schwannoma Schwannoma *Distinctive histologic patterns seen within the peripheral nerve sheath tumor Schwan noma include the Antoni A and Antoni B regions oThese are the classic microscopic appearances of a schwannoma, which is benign. oNote the more cellular ""Antoni A"" pattern on the left with palisading nuclei surrounding pink areas (Verocay bodies). On the right is the ""Antoni B"" pattern with a looser stroma, fewer cells, and myxoid change. oNotice the whirly swirly pattern and how the cell nuclei are closely bunched together ... almost as if they're forming a fence (Verocay bodies). oSchwannomas are benign spindle cell tumors that occur along the edges of peripheral nerves.They can usually be removed without damaging the nerve itself. "," Antoni A & Antoni B Pattern's are seen in? A. Schwannoma B. Neurofibroma C. Meningioma D. Teratoma Answer: A. Schwannoma " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which signs may be seen in a child with ventricular septal defect (select all that apply) a. 95th percent on growth chart b. 10 percent for weight on growth chart c. Increase length in time to finish a bottle Answer: b,c "," Which signs may be seen in a child with ventricular septal defect (select all that apply) A. 95th percent on growth chart B. 10 percent for weight on growth chart C. Increase length in time to finish a bottle Answer: B. 10 percent for weight on growth chart, C. Increase length in time to finish a bottle " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -A person with eyes closed & mind wondering will have the following wave in? -a-waves -b-waves -d-waves -t-waves Answer: A a-waves "," A person with eyes closed & mind wondering will have the following wave in? A. a-waves B. b-waves C. d-waves D. t-waves Answer: A. a-waves " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following bacterial meningitis is associated with sudural effusion? A.H. influenza B.Neisseria meningitits C.Streptococcus pneumonia D.Enterococcus Answer:A. H. influenza Chronic Subdural Empyema It may be primary infection of subdural space from sinusitis focus causing suppuration and pus formation. It can be complication of the chronic subdural haematoma. It is due to secondary bacterial infection of collected clot/fluid. Infection is from sinusitis scalp (common)/through earlier trauma wound/haematogenous. Commonly Gram positive organisms cause empyema like streptococci (viridans/milleri) but other virulent organisms like Gram negative bacteria (H.influenzae) occasionally can cause. There is coical venous thrombophlebitis and coical infarction. Headache, fever, meningism and convulsions are the features. MRI is ideal than CT to diagnose. Treatment: Antibiotics, craniotomy and drainage; anticonvulsants, ICU care, proper monitoring, regular follow up. Condition has got 10% moality. Ref: SRB's Manual of Surgery 5th edition Pgno : 1097 "," Which of the following bacterial meningitis is associated with sudural effusion? A. H. influenza B. Neisseria meningitits C. Streptococcus pneumonia D. Enterococcus Answer: A. H. influenza " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Hyoid bone fracture most common occurs in ? A)Manual strangulation B)Hanging C)Smothering D)Traumatic asphyxia Answer:A- Manual strangulation Ans. is 'a' i.e., Manual strangulation As manual strangulation (throttling) is among the most violent form of asphyxia, hyoid fracture and other injury to neck structures is more common. "," Hyoid bone fracture most common occurs in ? A. Manual strangulation B. Hanging C. Smothering D. Traumatic asphyxia Answer: A. Manual strangulation " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: 1. Which demonstrates the school-age child's developing logic in the stage of concrete operations? (Select all that apply.) a. The school-age child is able to recognize that he can be a son, brother, or nephew at the same time. b. The school-age child understands the principles of adding, subtracting, and reversibility. c. The school-age child understands the principles of adding, subtracting, and reversibility. d. The school-age child has thinking that is characterized by egocentrism and animism Answer: a,b,c "," Which demonstrates the school-age child's developing logic in the stage of concrete operations? (Select all that apply.) A. The school-age child is able to recognize that he can be a son, brother, or nephew at the same time. B. The school-age child understands the principles of adding, subtracting, and reversibility. C. The school-age child understands the principles of adding, subtracting, and reversibility. D. The school-age child has thinking that is characterized by egocentrism and animism Answer: A. The school-age child is able to recognize that he can be a son, brother, or nephew at the same time, B. The school-age child understands the principles of adding, subtracting, and reversibility, C. The school-age child understands the principles of adding, subtracting, and reversibility " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A patient with cushinoid features presents with hemoptysis; he shows no response to dexamethasone suppression test; most likely diagnosis here is? A.Adrenal hyperplasia B.Adrenal adenoma C.Ca lung with ectopic ACTH production D.Pituitary microadenoma Answer:C. Ca lung with ectopic ACTH production "," A patient with cushinoid features presents with hemoptysis; he shows no response to dexamethasone suppression test; most likely diagnosis here is? A. Adrenal hyperplasia B. Adrenal adenoma C. Ca lung with ectopic ACTH production D. Pituitary microadenoma Answer: C. Ca lung with ectopic ACTH production " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 19 year old female presents with pain in the neck for 5 days. She is not able to wear tie for her job because of neck pain. H/O fatigue and lethargy for 10 days. She had flu like symptoms 20 days ago which resolved spontaneously. BP 110/80 mmHg, Pulse 48/min. Extremities are cold and dry. Neck is very tender. ECG normal. TSH is elevated. ESR 30 mm/hr. Next appropriate step? A.Atropine injection B.Levothyroxine administration C.Aspirin D.Increase iodine intake in food Answer:C. Aspirin "," A 19 year old female presents with pain in the neck for 5 days. She is not able to wear tie for her job because of neck pain. H/O fatigue and lethargy for 10 days. She had flu like symptoms 20 days ago which resolved spontaneously. BP 110/80 mmHg, Pulse 48/min. Extremities are cold and dry. Neck is very tender. ECG normal. TSH is elevated. ESR 30 mm/hr. Next appropriate step? A. Atropine injection B. Levothyroxine administration C. Aspirin D. Increase iodine intake in food Answer: C. Aspirin " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All of the following could include the mechanism or function of oxigenases, EXCEPT? A.Incorporate 2 atoms of oxygen B.Incorporate 1 atom of oxygen C.Required for hydroxylation of steroids D.Required for carboxylation of drugs Answer:D. Required for carboxylation of drugs Carboxylation is a function of carboxylase enzymes which belong to the class of 'Ligases'. It is not a function of oxygenase enzymes. Monoxygenases incorporate one atom of oxygen and play an impoant role in hydroxylation of steroids. Dioxygenases incorporate 2 atoms of oxygen into the substrate. Ref: Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry 27th Edition, Page 96, 97; Enzyme Assays: High-Throughput Screening, Genetic Selection and Fingerprinting edited by Jean-Louis Reymond, 2006, Page 85. "," All of the following could include the mechanism or function of oxigenases, EXCEPT? A. Incorporate 2 atoms of oxygen B. Incorporate 1 atom of oxygen C. Required for hydroxylation of steroids D. Required for carboxylation of drugs Answer: D. Required for carboxylation of drugs " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All of the following are true about OPSI (Overwhelming Postsplenectomy Infection), Except? Maximum risk is within 1 year of splenectomy Begins with mild appearing prodrome May present with septic shock Usually does not respond to antibiotic treatment Answer: a "," All of the following are true about OPSI (Overwhelming Postsplenectomy Infection), Except? A. Maximum risk is within 1 year of splenectomy B. Begins with mild appearing prodrome C. May present with septic shock D. Usually does not respond to antibiotic treatment Answer: A. Maximum risk is within 1 year of splenectomy " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Increased serum amylase in pleural effusion is seen in? 1 Rheumatoid arthritis 2 Tuberculosis 3 Malignancy 4 Pulmonary embolism Answer:3- Malignancy "," Increased serum amylase in pleural effusion is seen in? A. Rheumatoid arthritis B. Tuberculosis C. Malignancy D. Pulmonary embolism Answer: C. Malignancy " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Manifestation of Acute Dissection include all of the following, Except? a - Pericardial effusion b - AR c - MR d - AMI Answer: MR "," Manifestation of Acute Dissection include all of the following, Except? A. Pericardial effusion B. AR C. MR D. AMI Answer: C. MR " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Hypomimia is ? A.Decreased ability to copy B.Decreased execution C.Deficit of expression by gesture D.Deficit of fluent speech Answer:C. Deficit of expression by gesture Ans. C. Deficit of expression by gestureHypomimiaHypomimia or amimia is a deficit or absence of expression by gesture or mimicry.This is usually most obvious as a lack of facial expressive mobility (mask - like facies).This is a feature of frontal subcoical disease. "," Hypomimia is ? A. Decreased ability to copy B. Decreased execution C. Deficit of expression by gesture D. Deficit of fluent speech Answer: C. Deficit of expression by gesture " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In volume cycled ventilation the inspiratory' flow rate is set at? 1 140-160 L/min 2 110-130L/min 3 60-100 L/min 4 30-50L/mm Answer: 60-100 L/min In volume cycled ventilation the inspiratory flow rate is usually set at 60-100 U/min to allow greater expiration time for each breath. Use of high inspiratory flow rate can minimize end inspiratory lung volume and intrinsic PEEP, but it can cause higher peak airway pressures. Volume cycled assist control mode of ventilation is the most commonly used mode of ventilation. Volume targeted modes deliver a preset volume unless a specified circuit pressure limit is exceeded. Its major advantages are capacity to deliver unvarying tidal volumes, flexibility of flow and volume adjustments, and power to ventilate difficult patients. Disadvantages of this type of ventilation are: Unless the airway is well sealed volume cycled modes cannot ventilate effectively and consistently. After the flow rate and profile are set the inflation time of machine is set and remains unresponsive to patients native cycling rythm and flow demands. Ref: Respiratory Emergencies By Stephan Kamholtz, page 413. Critical Care Medicine: The Essentials By John J. Marini, page 134. "," In volume cycled ventilation the inspiratory' flow rate is set at? A. 140-160 L/min B. 110-130L/min C. 60-100 L/min D. 30-50L/mm Answer: C. 60-100 L/min " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All of the following are killed vaccines, EXCEPT? a - Salk b - Hepatitis B vaccine c - 17-D Vaccine d - HDCV Answer: 17-D Vaccine "," All of the following are killed vaccines, EXCEPT? A. Salk B. Hepatitis B vaccine C. 17-D Vaccine D. HDCV Answer: C. 17-D Vaccine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The content of base pair A in the DNA is 15%, what could be the amount of G in DNA according to Chargaff's base pair rule? a,15% b85%,c.35%,d. 70% Answer: c, 35% "," The content of base pair A in the DNA is 15%, what could be the amount of G in DNA according to Chargaff's base pair rule? A. 15% B. 85% C. 35% D. 70% Answer: C. 35% " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 60 yr old chronic smoker presents with painless gross hematuria of 1 day duration. Investigation of choice to know the cause of hematuria? A.USG B.X-ray KUB C.Urine routine D.Urine microscopy for malignant cytology cells Answer:D. Urine microscopy for malignant cytology cells Urine microscopy for malignant cytology ""Painless haematuria is by far the most common symptom of bladder cancer and should be regarded as indicative of a bladder carcinoma until proven otherwise."" Bailey & Love 25/e p1336 (24/e p1363) Cigarette smoking is the main etiological factor and accounts ,for about 50% of bladder cancers Among the given options 'urine microscopy' is the best choice for investigating a pt. with high suspicion for bladder ca. This is not a good screening test but a positive result is highly specific. The best investigation would be cystoscopy & biopsy. Investigations for bladder cancer 1. Urinary cytology - Exfoliated cells from both normal and neoplastic urothelium can be readily identified in voided urine. Examination of cytological specimens can detect the malignant cells either at the time of initial presentation or during follow-up. Cytological examination may be especially useful in screening high-risk population and assessing the response to treatment. 2. Cystourethroscopy and tumor resection - The diagnosis and initial staging of bladder cancer is made by cystoscopy and transurethral resection. 3.Imaging (IVP, CT, MRI) - Although various imaging techniques can detect bladder cancer, its presence is confirmed by cystoscopy & biopsy. - Therefore imaging modalities are used to image the upper urinary tract and, when infiltrating bladder tumors are detected to assess the depth of muscle wall infiltration and the presence of local & distant metastasis. - Intravenous urography remains one of the most common imaging tests for the evaluation of hematuria. However, intravenous pyelography is increasingly being replaced by computed tomography (CT) urography, which is more accurate, for evaluation of the entire abdominal cavity, renal parenchyma, and ureters in patients with hematuria. Bladder tumors may be recognized as pedunculated, radiolucent filling defects projecting into the lumen; nonpapillary, infiltrating tumors may result in fixation or flattening of the bladder wall. 4. Urinary tumor markers - - Several new tests have been developed in order to overcome the shocomings of urinary cytology such as the low sensitivity for low-grade superficial tumors and inter-observer variability. - Commercially available tests include, the BTA test, the BTA stat test, the BTA TRAK assay determination of urinary nuclear matrix protein (NMP22), Immunocyt and UroVysion . - These tests can detect cancer specific proteins in urine (BTA/NMP22) or augment cytology by identifying cell surface or cytogenetic markers in the nucleus. Other tests under investigation include identification of the Lewis X antigen on exfoliated urothelial cells, and the determination of telomerase activity in exfoliated cells. - These tests have been demonstrated to enhance detection of bladder cancer when used either individually or in combination with cytology. They have been used to detect both new index tumors as well as recurrent tumors. "," A 60 yr old chronic smoker presents with painless gross hematuria of 1 day duration. Investigation of choice to know the cause of hematuria? A. USG B. X-ray KUB C. Urine routine D. Urine microscopy for malignant cytology cells Answer: D. Urine microscopy for malignant cytology cells " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Lowest most level of integration of stretch reflex is at? 1 Cerebral cortex 2 Lower Medulla 3 Spinal cord 4 All of the above Answer: Spinal cord "," Lowest most level of integration of stretch reflex is at? A. Cerebral cortex B. Lower Medulla C. Spinal cord D. All of the above Answer: C. Spinal cord " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Shape of birbeck granules is? 1 Tennis racket 2 Hockey stick 3 Bat 4 Ball Answer:1- Tennis racket "," Shape of birbeck granules is? A. Tennis racket B. Hockey stick C. Bat D. Ball Answer: A. Tennis racket " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A nurse is caring for a client who requires 7 L of oxygen to maintain oxygen saturation. Which of the following oxygen delivery devices should the nurse expect to use? A. Nasal cannula B. Nonrebreather mask C. Partial rebreathe mask D. Simple face mask Answer: C "," A nurse is caring for a client who requires 7 L of oxygen to maintain oxygen saturation. Which of the following oxygen delivery devices should the nurse expect to use? A. Nasal cannula B. Nonrebreather mask C. Partial rebreathe mask D. Simple face mask Answer: C. Partial rebreathe mask " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The specific name of the anomaly shown in the following radiograph is? a,Dens in dente bDilated odontome,c.Dens invaginatus,d. Ghost tooth Answer: b, Dilated odontome "," The specific name of the anomaly shown in the following radiograph is? A. Dens in dente B. Dilated odontome C. Dens invaginatus D. Ghost tooth Answer: B. Dilated odontome " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 7 year old male patient presents to the clinic for routine dental examination and has history of frequent snacking and sugary beverages. Intraoral examination shows multiple pit and fissure caries and subsurface enamel porosity manifesting as milky white opacity. Tactile probing should not be used in this case because of all of the following EXCEPT? a)Insertion of the explorer into the suspected lesion inevitably disrupts the surface layer covering very early lesions, thereby eliminating the possibility for remineralization of the decalcified area b)Probing of lesions and suspected lesions results in the transport of cariogenic bacteria from one area to another c)Frank lesions requiring restoration are generally apparent visually without the need for probing. d)It may induce spontaneous bleeding Answer:d, It may induce spontaneous bleeding Traditionally, dentists have relied upon a visual-tactile radiographic  procedure  for  the detection  of  dental caries. This procedure involves the visual identification of demineralized  areas  (typically  white  spots)  or  suspicious pits or fissures and the use of the dental explorer to determine the  presence of a  loss of continuity  or breaks in the enamel and to assess the softness or resilience of the enamel. Caries lesions located on interproximal tooth surfaces  have  generally  been  detected  with  the  use  of  bitewing radiographs. These procedures have been used routinely in virtually every dental office in the United States for the past 50 years. Tactile probing with an explorer is no longer used for caries detection in most European countries, and this protocol has now been adopted by many U.S. dental schools. The primary concerns that led to the discontinuation of the probing procedure were as follows: 1. The  insertion  of  the  explorer  into  the  suspected lesion inevitably disrupts the surface layer covering very early lesions, thereby eliminating the possibility for remineralization of the decalcified area;  2. The probing of lesions and suspected lesions results in the transport of  cariogenic  bacteria  from  one area  to another;  and   3. Frank lesions requiring restoration are generally apparent visually  without  the  need  for  probing. "," A 7 year old male patient presents to the clinic for routine dental examination and has history of frequent snacking and sugary beverages. Intraoral examination shows multiple pit and fissure caries and subsurface enamel porosity manifesting as milky white opacity. Tactile probing should not be used in this case because of all of the following EXCEPT? A. Insertion of the explorer into the suspected lesion inevitably disrupts the surface layer covering very early lesions, thereby eliminating the possibility for remineralization of the decalcified area B. Probing of lesions and suspected lesions results in the transport of cariogenic bacteria from one area to another C. Frank lesions requiring restoration are generally apparent visually without the need for probing. D. It may induce spontaneous bleeding Answer: D. It may induce spontaneous bleeding " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Best disinfectant of cholera stool is? A.Bleaching powder B.Cresol C.Phenol D.Lime Answer:B. Cresol "," Best disinfectant of cholera stool is? A. Bleaching powder B. Cresol C. Phenol D. Lime Answer: B. Cresol " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Complications of therapy with radioactive iodine includes? a-Thyroid malignancy b-Hypothyroidism c-Leukemia d-All Answer:b, Hypothyroidism "," Complications of therapy with radioactive iodine includes? A. Thyroid malignancy B. Hypothyroidism C. Leukemia D. All Answer: B. Hypothyroidism " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Protrusion of tongue not possible in damage of ? -Styloglossus -Hyoglossus -Palatoglossus -Genioglossus Answer: D Genioglossus "," Protrusion of tongue not possible in damage of ? A. Styloglossus B. Hyoglossus C. Palatoglossus D. Genioglossus Answer: D. Genioglossus " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Hand signs of liver cell failure are all except? -Palmar erythema -Clubbing -Dupuytren's contracture -Splinter hemorrhages Answer: D Splinter hemorrhages "," Hand signs of liver cell failure are all except? A. Palmar erythema B. Clubbing C. Dupuytren's contracture D. Splinter hemorrhages Answer: D. Splinter hemorrhages " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: index finger infection spreads to? a)Thenar space b)Mid palmar space c)Hypothenar space d)Flexion space Answer:a, Thenar space Ans. is 'a' i.e., Thenar space o Thenar space communicates w'ith the index finger while the mid palmar space communicates with the middle, ring and little fingers.o Thus infection of index finger leads to thenar space infection while the infection of middle, ring or little finger leads to mid palmar space infection.FeaturesMidpalmar spaceThenar space1. ShapeTriangular.Triangular2. SituationUnder the inner half of the hollow of the palm.Under the outer half of the hollow of the3. ExtentProximalDistalDistal margin of the flexor retinaculum.Distal palmar crease.Distal margin of the flexor retinaculum.Proximal transverse palmar crease.4, CommunicationsProximalDistalForearm space.Fascial sheaths of the 3rd and 4th lumbricals; occasionally 2nd.Fascial sheath of th first lumbrical, occasionally 2nd.5. BoundariesAnteriorPosteriori) Flexor tendons of 3rd, 4th. and 5th fingersii) 2nd, 3rd and 4th lumbricalsiii) Palmar aponeurosisFascia covering interossei and metacarpals.Intermediate palmar septumi) Short muscles of thumb.ii) Flexor tendons of the index finger.iii) First Lumbricalsiv) Palmar aponeurosis.Transverse head of adductor pollicis.Laterali) Tendon of flexor pollicis longus with radial bursa.ii) Lateral palmar septum.Intermediate palmar septum.MedialMedial palmar septum6. DrainageIncision in either the 3rd or 4th web space.Incision in the first web. posteriorly. "," index finger infection spreads to? A. Thenar space B. Mid palmar space C. Hypothenar space D. Flexion space Answer: A. Thenar space " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Membranous urethral rupture causes collection of blood in? -Ischiorectal fossa -Deep perineal pouch -Superficial inguinal region -Pelvic diaphragm Answer: B Deep perineal pouch "," Membranous urethral rupture causes collection of blood in? A. Ischiorectal fossa B. Deep perineal pouch C. Superficial inguinal region D. Pelvic diaphragm Answer: B. Deep perineal pouch " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which is not echogenic while doing ultrasonography? a-Bile b-Gas c-Bone d-Gall stones Answer:a, Bile "," Which is not echogenic while doing ultrasonography? A. Bile B. Gas C. Bone D. Gall stones Answer: A. Bile " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Calcification of interveebral disc is seen in? -Gout -Rheumatoid ahritis -Alkaptonuria -Psoriasis Answer: C: Alkaptonuria "," Calcification of interveebral disc is seen in? A. Gout B. Rheumatoid ahritis C. Alkaptonuria D. Psoriasis Answer: C. Alkaptonuria " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is not a CT feature ofAdrenal adenoma –? Low attenuation Homogenous density and well defined borders Enhances rapidly, contrast stays in it for a relatively longer time and washes out late Calcification is rare Answer: c "," Which of the following is not a CT feature ofAdrenal adenoma –? A. Low attenuation B. Homogenous density and well defined borders C. Enhances rapidly, contrast stays in it for a relatively longer time and washes out late D. Calcification is rare Answer: C. Enhances rapidly, contrast stays in it for a relatively longer time and washes out late " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Pulse oximetry is being used to monitor a client's oxygen saturation. Which client risk factor(s) should the nurse consider as variable(s) that affect this measurement? (Select all that apply.) Select all that apply Smoking. Jaundice. Hypotension. Ambient oxygen. Antibiotic therapy. Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Answer: : Smoking, Jaundice, Hypotension, Type 1 diabetes mellitus. The measurement of oxygen saturation using a pulse oximeter is influenced by a variety of client risk factors, such as smoking, which causes vasoconstriction and reduces peripheral blood flow; jaundice, which interferes with the oximeter's ability to process reflected light; hypotension, which decreases peripheral blood flow and arterial pulsations necessary to calculate oxygen saturation; and Type 1 diabetes mellitus, which causes peripheral vascular disease that can reduce pulse volume. "," Pulse oximetry is being used to monitor a client's oxygen saturation. Which client risk factor(s) should the nurse consider as variable(s) that affect this measurement? (Select all that apply.) Select all that apply A.Smoking. B.Jaundice. C.Hypotension. D.Ambient oxygen. e.Antibiotic therapy. F.Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Answer: B. Jaundice, C. Hypotension " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: ""La-facies sympathique"" is a condition seen in cases of? Hanging Strangulation Myocardial insufficiency Railway accidents Answer: a "," ""La-facies sympathique"" is a condition seen in cases of? A. Hanging B. Strangulation C. Myocardial insufficiency D. Railway accidents Answer: A. Hanging " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Lymph vessel which drain the posterior 1/3 rd of the tongue? A.Basal vessel. B.Marginal vessel. C.Central vessel. D.Lateral vessel. Answer:A. Basal vessel. "," Lymph vessel which drain the posterior 1/3 rd of the tongue? A. Basal vessel. B. Marginal vessel. C. Central vessel. D. Lateral vessel. Answer: A. Basal vessel. " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The nerve impulse which leads to initiation of smooth muscle contraction? a-Cause opening of the calcium channel which leads to increase in Ca+2 contraction b-Cause both plasma membrane and T - tubules to undergo depolarisation c-Inhibits Na+ entry in sarcomere d-Is initiated by binding of acetylcholine to receptors in sarcoplasmic reticulum Answer:a, Cause opening of the calcium channel which leads to increase in Ca+2 contraction "," The nerve impulse which leads to initiation of smooth muscle contraction? A. Cause opening of the calcium channel which leads to increase in Ca+2 contraction B. Cause both plasma membrane and T - tubules to undergo depolarisation C. Inhibits Na+ entry in sarcomere D. Is initiated by binding of acetylcholine to receptors in sarcoplasmic reticulum Answer: A. Cause opening of the calcium channel which leads to increase in Ca+2 contraction " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Bacterial pyogenic parotitis affecting the parotid gland is most common after: March 2008? A.Uveo-parotid fever B.Mumps C.Debilitation after major surgery D.After administration of iodine Answer:C. Debilitation after major surgery "," Bacterial pyogenic parotitis affecting the parotid gland is most common after: March 2008? A. Uveo-parotid fever B. Mumps C. Debilitation after major surgery D. After administration of iodine Answer: C. Debilitation after major surgery " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: 21st tooth erupts at:? 1 6 years 2 8 years 3 10 years 4 12 years Answer:1 - 6 years Eruption is defined as the superior pa of crown of the tooth appearing level with the surface of the alveolar bone.Temporary dentition: total 20 number of teeth, stas at 6 months till 2 years.Permanent dentition: total 32 number of teeth, stas at 6 years completed by 17 - 25 years.1st to erupt is molar 1 (M1) and last to erupt is molar 3 (M3).21st teeth refers to 1st permanent tooth, which erupts at 6 years. "," 21st tooth erupts at:? A. 6 years B. 8 years C. 10 years D. 12 years Answer: A. 6 years " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following aminoglycosides has the highest nephrotoxicity? A)Paromomycin B)Streptomycin C)Amikacin D)Neomycin Answer:D- Neomycin "," Which of the following aminoglycosides has the highest nephrotoxicity? A. Paromomycin B. Streptomycin C. Amikacin D. Neomycin Answer: D. Neomycin " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most common cause of spontaneous sub-arachnoid haemorrhage is? 1 Trauma 2 Hypertension 3 Berry aneurysm rupture 4 Raised intracranial tension Answer:3- Berry aneurysm rupture "," Most common cause of spontaneous sub-arachnoid haemorrhage is? A. Trauma B. Hypertension C. Berry aneurysm rupture D. Raised intracranial tension Answer: C. Berry aneurysm rupture " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Apical transportation is also known as? 1 Curing 2 Zipping 3 Ledging 4 Apical perforation Answer:2- Zipping "," Apical transportation is also known as? A. Curing B. Zipping C. Ledging D. Apical perforation Answer: B. Zipping " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Elaboration of inactivating enzymes are the impoant mechanism of drug resistance among all of these antibiotics except? a - Quinolone b - Pencillin c - Chloramphenicol d - Aminoglycoside Answer: Quinolone "," Elaboration of inactivating enzymes are the impoant mechanism of drug resistance among all of these antibiotics except? A. Quinolone B. Pencillin C. Chloramphenicol D. Aminoglycoside Answer: A. Quinolone " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Which of the following is NOT TRUE about post - traumatic stress disorder? -The onset of illness may occur many months after the traumatic event -Individual debriefing and early counselling are most effective method of treatment -Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing is effective -There is high risk of alcohol abuse in patients suffering from this disorder Answer: b "," Which of the following is NOT TRUE about post - traumatic stress disorder? A. The onset of illness may occur many months after the traumatic event B. Individual debriefing and early counselling are most effective method of treatment C. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing is effective D. There is high risk of alcohol abuse in patients suffering from this disorder Answer: B. Individual debriefing and early counselling are most effective method of treatment " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Of the various modalities used in the treatment of re-threatening effects of hyperkalemia which one of the following as the most rapid onset of action ? A.Hemodialysis B.Sodium bicarbonate infusion C.Insulin and glucose infusion D.Intravenous calcium gluconate Answer:A. Hemodialysis "," Of the various modalities used in the treatment of re-threatening effects of hyperkalemia which one of the following as the most rapid onset of action ? A. Hemodialysis B. Sodium bicarbonate infusion C. Insulin and glucose infusion D. Intravenous calcium gluconate Answer: A. Hemodialysis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The nurse is performing care for a client in the end stage of cancer. How can the nurse best facilitate the client and family's ability to cope? Select all that apply. A)Refer the client and family to hospice services. B)Encourage the family to leave and let the nurse take over care. C)Assist the client with activities of daily living (ADLs). D)Assist the client and family with the preparation for end-of-life. E)Inform the family that there is nothing they can do for their loved one. Answer: A, C, D "," The nurse is performing care for a client in the end stage of cancer. How can the nurse best facilitate the client and family's ability to cope? Select all that apply. A. Refer the client and family to hospice services. B. Encourage the family to leave and let the nurse take over care. C. Assist the client with activities of daily living (ADLs). D. Assist the client and family with the preparation for end-of-life. E. Inform the family that there is nothing they can do for their loved one. Answer: A. Refer the client and family to hospice services. C. Assist the client with activities of daily living (ADLs). D. Assist the client and family with the preparation for end-of-life. " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Position of limb in posterior dislocation of hip? A.Flexion, abduction & external rotation B.Flexion, adduction & internal rotation C.Flexion, adduction & external rotation D.Flexion, abduction & internal rotation Answer:B. Flexion, adduction & internal rotation Ans. is 'b' i.e., Flexion, adduction & internal rotation Hip conditionDeformitySynovitisArthritisPosterior dislocationAnterior dislocationFemoral neck fractureIntertrochantric fractureFlexion, abduction, external rotation, apparent lengtheningFlexion, adduction, internal rotation, true shorteningFlexion, adduction, internal rotation, apparent & true shorteningFlexion, abduction, external rotation, true lengtheningExternal rotation, later adduction & flexionMarked external rotation, later adduction & flexion "," Position of limb in posterior dislocation of hip? A. Flexion, abduction & external rotation B. Flexion, adduction & internal rotation C. Flexion, adduction & external rotation D. Flexion, abduction & internal rotation Answer: B. Flexion, adduction & internal rotation " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Earliest lesion seen in atherosclerosis is? A.Fatty streaks B.Intimal thickening C.Fibrinoid necrosis D.Plaque Answer:A. Fatty streaks "," Earliest lesion seen in atherosclerosis is? A. Fatty streaks B. Intimal thickening C. Fibrinoid necrosis D. Plaque Answer: A. Fatty streaks " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A nursing student is reviewing information about primary immunodeficiencies. The student demonstrates understanding of the material by identifying which immunodeficiencies as affecting only males? Select all that apply. A)X-linked agammaglobulinemia B)Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome C)Selective IgA deficiency D)X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome E)IgG subclass deficiency F)Severe combined immune deficiency Answer: A,B,D "," A nursing student is reviewing information about primary immunodeficiencies. The student demonstrates understanding of the material by identifying which immunodeficiencies as affecting only males? Select all that apply. A. X-linked agammaglobulinemia B. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome C. Selective IgA deficiency D. X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome E. IgG subclass deficiency F. Severe combined immune deficiency Answer: A. X-linked agammaglobulinemia, B. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, D. X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Sacro-Iliac joint involvement is common in which condition? a)Ankylosing spondylitis b)Rheumatoid arthritis c)Reiter's syndrome d)Osteoarthritis Answer:a, Ankylosing spondylitis (A) Ankylosing spondylitis # ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS (AS, from Greek ankylos, crooked; spondylos, vertebrae; -itis, inflammation), previously known as Bekhterev's disease, Bekhterev syndrome, and Marie-Strumpell disease, is a chronic inflammatory disease of the axial skeleton with variable involvement of peripheral joints and nonarticular structures. AS is a form of spondyloarthritis, a chronic, inflammatory arthritis where immune mechanisms are thought to have a key role. It mainly affects joints in the spine and the sacroiliac joint in the pelvis, and can cause eventual fusion of the spine.> The typical patient is a young male, aged 20-40; however, the condition also presents in females.> The condition is known to be hereditary. Symptoms of the disease first appear, on average, at age 23 years. These first symptoms are typically chronic pain and stiffness in the middle part of the spine or sometimes the entire spine, often with pain referred to one or other buttock or the back of thigh from the sacroiliac joint. "," Sacro-Iliac joint involvement is common in which condition? A. Ankylosing spondylitis B. Rheumatoid arthritis C. Reiter's syndrome D. Osteoarthritis Answer: A. Ankylosing spondylitis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Scrub typhus is transmitted by: September 2004? A.Louse B.Tick C.Mite D.Milk Answer:C. Mite Ans. C i.e. Mite "," Scrub typhus is transmitted by: September 2004? A. Louse B. Tick C. Mite D. Milk Answer: C. Mite " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Ixabepilone is used in? Melanoma Breast carcinoma Oat cell carcinoma Small cell carcinoma lung Answer: B, Breast carcinoma "," Ixabepilone is used in? A. Melanoma B. Breast carcinoma C. Oat cell carcinoma D. Small cell carcinoma lung Answer: B. Breast carcinoma " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -A 70 - year old male presents with a C/O fatigue & jaundice. There is no H/O alcohol or liver disease. The liver and spleen are nonpalpable. He has a normocytic, normochromic anemia. The first step in evaluation of this patient is? -CT scan of the abdomen -Hepatitis profile -LFT -Abdominal ultrasound Answer: C: LFT "," A 70 - year old male presents with a C/O fatigue & jaundice. There is no H/O alcohol or liver disease. The liver and spleen are nonpalpable. He has a normocytic, normochromic anemia. The first step in evaluation of this patient is? A. CT scan of the abdomen B. Hepatitis profile C. LFT D. Abdominal ultrasound Answer: C. LFT " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 50 year old female patient complains of difficulty in swallowing. Patient gives h/o multiple diagnostic CT-scans of the head and neck region. This patient may be predominantly susceptible to which of the following? A.Medullary thyroid carcinoma B.Follicular thyroid carcinoma C.Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma D.Papillary thyroid carcinoma Answer:D. Papillary thyroid carcinoma "," A 50 year old female patient complains of difficulty in swallowing. Patient gives h/o multiple diagnostic CT-scans of the head and neck region. This patient may be predominantly susceptible to which of the following? A. Medullary thyroid carcinoma B. Follicular thyroid carcinoma C. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma D. Papillary thyroid carcinoma Answer: D. Papillary thyroid carcinoma " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: An Isograft indicates transfer of tissues between? A.Unrelated donors B.Related donors C.Monozygotic twins D.From the same individual Answer:C. Monozygotic twins "," An Isograft indicates transfer of tissues between? A. Unrelated donors B. Related donors C. Monozygotic twins D. From the same individual Answer: C. Monozygotic twins " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following does not belong to dystrophin-glycoprotein complex? 1 Perlecan 2 Dystrophin 3 Dystroglycan 4 Sarcoglycan Answer: Perlecan Perlecan is a large extracellular matrix proteoglycan that plays a crucial role in tissue development and organogenesis. Dystrophin-glycoprotein complex The dystrophin-glycoprotein complex provides a structural link between the cytoskeleton of the muscle cell and the extracellular matrix, which appears to stabilize the sarcolemma, adds strength to the muscle by providing a scaffolding for the fibrils and prevents contraction-induced injury(rupture). Organisation of DG complex Dystrophin connects F-actin to the transmembrane protein b-dystroglycan smaller proteins called syntrophins. This b-dystroglycan, in turn connects to the merosin subunit of laminin 211 in the extracellular matrix a-dystroglycan The dytroglycans are also associated with a complex of four transmembrane glycoproteins, a-,b-,g- and d- sarcoglycan and sarcospan. Ref: Ganong's Review of Medical physiology 25th edition Pgno: 103 "," Which of the following does not belong to dystrophin-glycoprotein complex? A. Perlecan B. Dystrophin C. Dystroglycan D. Sarcoglycan Answer: A. Perlecan " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Rigor moritis devolops ..... after death? a - 1/2-1 hrs b - 1-2 hrs c - 3-6 hrs d - 12 hrs Answer: 1-2 hrs "," Rigor moritis devolops ..... after death? A. 1/2-1 hrs B. 1-2 hrs C. 3-6 hrs D. 12 hrs Answer: B. 1-2 hrs " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is a newly emerging food poisoning organism? A.Salmonella typhimurium B.Enterococcus C.Diphtheria D.Pseudomonas Answer:A. Salmonella typhimurium Ans: a (Salmonella typhimurium) Ref: Ananathanarayan,7th ed, p. 303Of the above given, S. typhimurium causes food poisoningSalmonella gastroenteritisS. typhimurium is the most common cause of food poisoning due to salmonella species.Incubation period--6-24 hrsFood poisoning is never caused by S. typhi. Source of transmission: poultry, meat, milk and milk products.C/F-nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal cramps, fever.Blood culture is usually negativeNoteS. aureus is the most common cause of food poisoning in the westIP and clinical features of various bacteria causing food poisoiningIncubation period Organism responsible 1- hrs S. aureus-nausea, vomiting, diarrheaB. cereus-nausea, vomiting 8-16 hrs C. perfringes-abdominal cramps, diarrhoea (vomiting rare)B. cereus-abdominal cramps, diarrhoea, vomiting > 16 hrs Vibrio cholera-watery diarrhoeaETEC-watery diarrhoeaEHEC-bloody diarrhoeaSalmonella species-inflammatory diarrhoeaCamphylobacter jej uni-inflammatory diarrhoeaShigella species- dysentryV. parahaemolyticus-dysentry "," Which of the following is a newly emerging food poisoning organism? A. Salmonella typhimurium B. Enterococcus C. Diphtheria D. Pseudomonas Answer: A. Salmonella typhimurium " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: For a positively skewed curve which measure of central tendency is largest? A.Mean B.Mode C.Median D.All are equal Answer:A. Mean A distribution is negatively skewed, or skewed to the left, if the scores fall toward the higher side of the scale and there are very few low scores. In positively skewed distributions, the mean is usually greater than the median, which is always greater than the mode. Ref : "," For a positively skewed curve which measure of central tendency is largest? A. Mean B. Mode C. Median D. All are equal Answer: A. Mean " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Which is true regarding ovary? -Mesovarium contains ovarian vessels -Ovarian ligament connects ovaries to uterus -Ovarian fossa is related to ilioinguinal -Suspensory ligament of ovary connects ovaries to uterus Answer: B: Ovarian ligament connects ovaries to uterus "," Which is true regarding ovary? A. Mesovarium contains ovarian vessels B. Ovarian ligament connects ovaries to uterus C. Ovarian fossa is related to ilioinguinal D. Suspensory ligament of ovary connects ovaries to uterus Answer: B. Ovarian ligament connects ovaries to uterus " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The mesial surface of the crown is almost parallel to long axis and the root of a? a)Maxillary 1st premolar b)Mandibular 2nd Premolar c)Maxillary canine d)Mandibular canine Answer:d, Mandibular canine "," The mesial surface of the crown is almost parallel to long axis and the root of a? A. Maxillary 1st premolar B. Mandibular 2nd Premolar C. Maxillary canine D. Mandibular canine Answer: D. Mandibular canine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -A patient presents with Hb of 8 gm%, WBC count of 2000/mm3 and platlet count of 60000/mm3. What is your likely diagnosis ? -Thalassemia -Sickle cell anemia -Aplastic anemia -Anemia of chronic disease Answer: C: Aplastic anemia "," A patient presents with Hb of 8 gm%, WBC count of 2000/mm3 and platlet count of 60000/mm3. What is your likely diagnosis ? A. Thalassemia B. Sickle cell anemia C. Aplastic anemia D. Anemia of chronic disease Answer: C. Aplastic anemia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In case of hypothyroidism which investigation is most informative and most commonly used? 1 Serum TSH level 2 Serum T3 and T4 level 3 Serum calcitonin assay 4 Serum TRH assay Answer:1 - Serum TSH level TSH* Most informative among thyroid function test parameters because of ultra-sensitivity* Can detect subclinical hypothyroidism & subclinical hypehyroidism* Hypothyroidism - TSH |* Hypehyroidism - TSH | "," In case of hypothyroidism which investigation is most informative and most commonly used? A. Serum TSH level B. Serum T3 and T4 level C. Serum calcitonin assay D. Serum TRH assay Answer: A. Serum TSH level " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Potter syndrome is not assoiated with? A.Bilateral renal agenesis B.Bilateral multicystic kidney disease C.oligohydromnios D.Polyhydromnios Answer:A. Bilateral renal agenesis Since there is b/l kidney agenesis or cystic disease there is no urine production leading to oligohydromnios "," Potter syndrome is not assoiated with? A. Bilateral renal agenesis B. Bilateral multicystic kidney disease C. oligohydromnios D. Polyhydromnios Answer: A. Bilateral renal agenesis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In pontaic fever, which antigen is seen in urine? A.Lipopolysaccharide-1 B.Lipopolysaccharide-2 C.Lipopolysaccharide-4 D.Lipopolysaccharide-6 Answer:A. Lipopolysaccharide-1 "," In pontaic fever, which antigen is seen in urine? A. Lipopolysaccharide-1 B. Lipopolysaccharide-2 C. Lipopolysaccharide-4 D. Lipopolysaccharide-6 Answer: A. Lipopolysaccharide-1 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 55 year old man, a chronic smoker is brought to emergency with history of polyuria, polydipsia, nausea and altered sensorium for last two days. He had been diagnosed as having squamous cell carcinoma of lung two months prior to this. On examination, he was lethargic and confused. An ECG was normal except for a narrowed QT interval. Which one of the following is the most likely metabolic abnormality ? A)Hypematremia B)Hypercalcemia C)Hypokalemia D)Hyponatremia Answer:B, Hypercalcemia "," A 55 year old man, a chronic smoker is brought to emergency with history of polyuria, polydipsia, nausea and altered sensorium for last two days. He had been diagnosed as having squamous cell carcinoma of lung two months prior to this. On examination, he was lethargic and confused. An ECG was normal except for a narrowed QT interval. Which one of the following is the most likely metabolic abnormality ? A. Hypematremia B. Hypercalcemia C. Hypokalemia D. Hyponatremia Answer: B. Hypercalcemia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is a disadvantage of topically applied sodium fluoride solution? Need to prepare a fresh solution for each patient Taste is not well accepted by patients Patient must make four visits to the dentist within a relatively short period of time The solution should be allowed to dry for 5 minutes Answer: C, Patient must make four visits to the dentist within a relatively short period of time "," Which of the following is a disadvantage of topically applied sodium fluoride solution? A. Need to prepare a fresh solution for each patient B. Taste is not well accepted by patients C. Patient must make four visits to the dentist within a relatively short period of time D. The solution should be allowed to dry for 5 minutes Answer: C. Patient must make four visits to the dentist within a relatively short period of time " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All of the following heart sounds occur shortly after S2 except? a - Opening snap b - Pericardial knock c - Ejection click d - Tumor plop Answer: Ejection click "," All of the following heart sounds occur shortly after S2 except? A. Opening snap B. Pericardial knock C. Ejection click D. Tumor plop Answer: C. Ejection click " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Which of the following reflex is NOT prominent in child at bih? -Moro's reflex -Glabellar tap -Crossed extensor reflex -Tonic neck reflex Answer: D Tonic neck reflex "," Which of the following reflex is NOT prominent in child at bih? A. Moro's reflex B. Glabellar tap C. Crossed extensor reflex D. Tonic neck reflex Answer: D. Tonic neck reflex " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: 25 year old patient Suspected to have a pneumoperitoneum. Patient is unable to stand. Best x-ray view is? A.Left lateral decubitus view B.Right lateral decubitus view C.Supine D.Prone Answer:A. Left lateral decubitus view Left lateral decubitus view demonstrates the air between dense shadow of liver and the abdominal wall. "," 25 year old patient Suspected to have a pneumoperitoneum. Patient is unable to stand. Best x-ray view is? A. Left lateral decubitus view B. Right lateral decubitus view C. Supine D. Prone Answer: A. Left lateral decubitus view " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Antidepressant drug that can be used in nocturnal enuresis is? Imipramine Fluvoxamine Phenelzine Bupropion Answer: A.Imipramine "," Antidepressant drug that can be used in nocturnal enuresis is? A. Imipramine B. Fluvoxamine C. Phenelzine D. Bupropion Answer: A. Imipramine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 40 year old female patient complains of excessive bleeding and drowsiness. Patient gives a history of road traffic accident 5 hours ago and had a lacerated wound on lower back region. General physical examination reveals- Blood pressure-80/60mmHg. Juglar venous pressure- low. Pulsus paradoxus- present. Cardiac output- Increased. The patient is in which type of shock? a-Neurogenic b-Obstructive c-Distributive d-Hypovolemic Answer:c, Distributive "," A 40 year old female patient complains of excessive bleeding and drowsiness. Patient gives a history of road traffic accident 5 hours ago and had a lacerated wound on lower back region. General physical examination reveals- Blood pressure-80/60mmHg. Juglar venous pressure- low. Pulsus paradoxus- present. Cardiac output- Increased. The patient is in which type of shock? A. Neurogenic B. Obstructive C. Distributive D. Hypovolemic Answer: C. Distributive " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Pentamidine therapy causes all, EXCEPT ? Upper lobe infiltrates Cavitation Extrathoracic manifestation Answer: d "," Pentamidine therapy causes all, EXCEPT ? A. Upper lobe infiltrates B. Cavitation C. Extrathoracic manifestation D. Answer: D. " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Pearsonian measure of skewness? A.Mode - Mean/ SD B.Mean - Mode/ SD C.SD/Mode - mean D.Mean - Mode/ SD Answer:B. Mean - Mode/ SD Ans. is b' i.e., Mean-Mode Measures of Skewness o There are following measures of skewness 1. Karl pearson's measure The formula for measuring skewness is divided into a) absolute measure Skewness = Mean - Mode b) relative measure The relative measure is known as the Coefficient of Skewness and is more frequently used than the absolute measure of skewness. Fuher, when a comparison between two or more distributions is involved, it is the relative measure of Skewness which is used. "," Pearsonian measure of skewness? A. Mode - Mean/ SD B. Mean - Mode/ SD C. SD/Mode - mean D. Mean - Mode/ SD Answer: B. Mean - Mode/ SD " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of these following statements is wrong about Tacrolimus? A)It is one of the macrolide antibiotic B)It can be safely administered with any nephrotoxic drug C)Glucose intolerance is a well known side effect D)It is used as prophylaxis for transplant rejection Answer:B, It can be safely administered with any nephrotoxic drug "," Which of these following statements is wrong about Tacrolimus? A. It is one of the macrolide antibiotic B. It can be safely administered with any nephrotoxic drug C. Glucose intolerance is a well known side effect D. It is used as prophylaxis for transplant rejection Answer: B. It can be safely administered with any nephrotoxic drug " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following statements are True/False? 1. Hirsutism, which is defined as androgen-dependent excessive male pattern hair growth, affects approximately 25% of women. 2. Virilization refers to a condition in which androgen levels are sufficiently high to cause additional signs and symptoms. 3. Frequently, patients with growth hormone excess (i.e., acromegaly) present with hirsutism. 4. A simple and commonly used method to grade hair growth is the modified scale of Ferriman and Gallwey. 5. Scores above 8 suggest excess androgen-mediated hair growth.? A.1, 2, 3 True & 4, 5 false B.1, 3, 5 True & 2, 4 false C.2, 4, 5 True & 1, 3 false D.1, 2, 3, 4 True & 5 false Answer:C. 2, 4, 5 True & 1, 3 false Here statement 1 & 3 are wrong. It is actually a direct pick from harrison, an impoant topic for entrance examinations hirsutism is seen in 10% of woman. Acromegaly rarely causes hirsutism. Ref: Harrisons Principles of Medicine, 18th Edition, Pages 380-382 "," Which of the following statements are True/False? 1. Hirsutism, which is defined as androgen-dependent excessive male pattern hair growth, affects approximately 25% of women. 2. Virilization refers to a condition in which androgen levels are sufficiently high to cause additional signs and symptoms. 3. Frequently, patients with growth hormone excess (i.e., acromegaly) present with hirsutism. 4. A simple and commonly used method to grade hair growth is the modified scale of Ferriman and Gallwey. 5. Scores above 8 suggest excess androgen-mediated hair growth.? A. 1, 2, 3 True & 4, 5 false B. 1, 3, 5 True & 2, 4 false C. 2, 4, 5 True & 1, 3 false D. 1, 2, 3, 4 True & 5 false Answer: C. 2, 4, 5 True & 1, 3 false " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The disease process that best accounts for this problem? Ethylene glycol poisoning Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Congestive hea failure Vomiting Answer: D, Vomiting "," The disease process that best accounts for this problem? A. Ethylene glycol poisoning B. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease C. Congestive hea failure D. Vomiting Answer: D. Vomiting " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All statements are true except remifentanil is true except? 1 Useful for sho painful procedures 2 Metabolized by plasma esterases 3 Equipotent as fentanyl 4 Long acting anesthetic Answer:4- Long acting anesthetic "," All statements are true except remifentanil is true except? A. Useful for sho painful procedures B. Metabolized by plasma esterases C. Equipotent as fentanyl D. Long acting anesthetic Answer: D. Long acting anesthetic " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Abdominal ultra-sonography in a 3 year old boy show a solid circumscribed hypoechnoic renal mass. Most likely diagnosis is? 1 Wilm's tumor 2 Renal cell carcinoma 3 Mesoblastic nephroma 4 Oncocytoma Answer: Wilm's tumor Amongst the given options only Wilms tumor is common at 3 years of age :-  Wilm's tumor                  → young children (mean 3 years) Mesoblastic nephroma     → < 1 year Renal cell carcinoma        → > 40 years Oncocytoma                    → 25-95 years (mean 65) "," Abdominal ultra-sonography in a 3 year old boy show a solid circumscribed hypoechnoic renal mass. Most likely diagnosis is? A. Wilm's tumor B. Renal cell carcinoma C. Mesoblastic nephroma D. Oncocytoma Answer: A. Wilm's tumor " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Spatial relationship of every atom in a molecule is known as? a,Conformation bConfiguration,c.Both of the above,d. None of the above Answer: a, Conformation "," Spatial relationship of every atom in a molecule is known as? A. Conformation B. Configuration C. Both of the above D. None of the above Answer: A. Conformation " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Hypocalcemia with hyperphosphatemia are seen in.? -CRF -Pseudobypoparathyoidsm -Vit-D deficiency -Vit-D deficiency Answer: a: CRF "," Hypocalcemia with hyperphosphatemia are seen in.? A. CRF B. Pseudobypoparathyoidsm C. Vit-D deficiency D. Vit-D deficiency Answer: A. CRF " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Plunging ranula refers to a mucocoele that has penetrated which muscle? -Sternohyoid -Stylohyoid -Omohyoid -Mylohyoid Answer: d: Mylohyoid "," Plunging ranula refers to a mucocoele that has penetrated which muscle? A. Sternohyoid B. Stylohyoid C. Omohyoid D. Mylohyoid Answer: D. Mylohyoid " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 1-year-old boy presents with a delay in motor development. Progressive muscle weakness and blindness ensue, and the patient dies within a year. The brain at autopsy shows swollen neurons that contain numerous lysosomes filled with lipid. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? a-AL amyloidosis b-Hurler syndrome c-Phenylketonuria d-Tay-Sachs disease Answer:d, Tay-Sachs disease "," A 1-year-old boy presents with a delay in motor development. Progressive muscle weakness and blindness ensue, and the patient dies within a year. The brain at autopsy shows swollen neurons that contain numerous lysosomes filled with lipid. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? A. AL amyloidosis B. Hurler syndrome C. Phenylketonuria D. Tay-Sachs disease Answer: D. Tay-Sachs disease " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is not a feature Eustachian tube in children? 1 Wider and shoer shoer 2 Flaccid due to less elastin content 3 Ostmann's pad of fat is more in volume 4 Isthmus is straight in children Answer:3 - Ostmann's pad of fat is more in volume The Eustachian tube in children is shoer (16-18mm), wider and more horizontal. It is also less taut due to lack of elastin. The above differences make the infant more prone for retrograde reflux of nasopharyngeal secretions and milk while feeding in supine position. Differences between Infant & adult ET INFANT ET ADULT ET Length 16-18 mm 36 mm Angle with horizontal 100 (more horizontal) Normalizes at 7yrs 450 Isthmus Straight Angulated Width Wider bony pa Narrow Cailage Flaccid Rigid Elastin at roof Less dense Very dense Ostmann's pad of fat Less in volume More in volume "," Which of the following is not a feature Eustachian tube in children? A. Wider and shoer shoer B. Flaccid due to less elastin content C. Ostmann's pad of fat is more in volume D. Isthmus is straight in children Answer: C. Ostmann's pad of fat is more in volume " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Progesterone production in the ovary is primarily by? A)Stroma B)Corpora albicans C)Corpora lutea D)Mature follicles Answer:C, Corpora lutea "," Progesterone production in the ovary is primarily by? A. Stroma B. Corpora albicans C. Corpora lutea D. Mature follicles Answer: C. Corpora lutea " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Endolymphatic duct drains into? A.Subdural space B.External space C.Subarachnoid space D.Succulus Answer:A. Subdural space "," Endolymphatic duct drains into? A. Subdural space B. External space C. Subarachnoid space D. Succulus Answer: A. Subdural space " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Most common post splenectomy infection is? -Pneumococcus -Meningococcus -Staphy lococcus -Corynebacterium Answer: A Pneumococcus "," Most common post splenectomy infection is? A. Pneumococcus B. Meningococcus C. Staphy lococcus D. Corynebacterium Answer: A. Pneumococcus " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Calcium silicate based material is? A.MTA B.Geristore C.Dieket D.Retroplast Answer:A. MTA "," Calcium silicate based material is? A. MTA B. Geristore C. Dieket D. Retroplast Answer: A. MTA " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Extremely low birth weight? 1 <1000 2 <1500 3 <2500 4 <2800 Answer:1- <1000 "," Extremely low birth weight? A. <1000 B. <1500 C. <2500 D. <2800 Answer: A. <1000 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Splenomegaly may be a feature of: March 2013? A.Megaloblastic anemia B.Sickle cell anemia C.Thalassemia D.G6PD deficiency Answer:B. Sickle cell anemia Ans. B i.e. Sickle cell anemia Splenomegaly Splenomegaly refers strictly to spleen enlargement, and is distinct from hyperspineism , which connotes overactive function by a spleen of any size. Splenomegaly and hypersplenism should not be confused. Each may be found separately, or they may coexist. Clinically if a spleen is palpable, it means it is enlarged as it has to undergo enlargement by at least two folds to become palpable. However, the tip of the spleen may be palpable in a newborn baby up to 3 months of age Early sickle cell anemia may present with splenomegaly "," Splenomegaly may be a feature of: March 2013? A. Megaloblastic anemia B. Sickle cell anemia C. Thalassemia D. G6PD deficiency Answer: B. Sickle cell anemia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Thyroxine is synthesized from which amino acid? -Arginine -Lysine -Methionine -Tyrosine Answer: D: Tyrosine "," Thyroxine is synthesized from which amino acid? A. Arginine B. Lysine C. Methionine D. Tyrosine Answer: D. Tyrosine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Drug NOT used in pulmonary hypeension is? a-Calcium channel blocker b-Endothelin receptor antagonist c-Alpha blocker d-Prostacyclin Answer:c, Alpha blocker "," Drug NOT used in pulmonary hypeension is? A. Calcium channel blocker B. Endothelin receptor antagonist C. Alpha blocker D. Prostacyclin Answer: C. Alpha blocker " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Mediastinal lymph node calcification is seen in which one of the following? A.Metastatic neoplasm B.Lymphoma C.Sarcoidosis D.Bronchiectasis Answer:C. Sarcoidosis "," Mediastinal lymph node calcification is seen in which one of the following? A. Metastatic neoplasm B. Lymphoma C. Sarcoidosis D. Bronchiectasis Answer: C. Sarcoidosis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Fistula formation due to the below etiology occurs within? a,24 hours b48 hours,c.5 days,d. 2 weeks Answer: c, 5 days "," Fistula formation due to the below etiology occurs within? A. 24 hours B. 48 hours C. 5 days D. 2 weeks Answer: C. 5 days " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All are True about Acute Osteomyelitis except? A.Common in children B.Severe pain C.Involves Epiphyseal plate D.Treatment involves 6 weeks of Antibiotics Answer:C. Involves Epiphyseal plate "," All are True about Acute Osteomyelitis except? A. Common in children B. Severe pain C. Involves Epiphyseal plate D. Treatment involves 6 weeks of Antibiotics Answer: C. Involves Epiphyseal plate " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Nursing is recognized increasingly as a profession based on which defining criteria? Select all that apply. A. Well-defined body of general knowledge B. Interventions dependent upon the medical practice C. Recognized authority by a professional group D. Regulation by the medical industry E. Code of ethicsF. Ongoing research Answer: Code of ethics. Ongoing research.,Well-defined body of general knowledge, Recognized authority by a professional group "," Nursing is recognized increasingly as a profession based on which defining criteria? Select all that apply. A. Well-defined body of general knowledge B. Interventions dependent upon the medical practice C. Recognized authority by a professional group D. Regulation by the medical industry E. Code of ethicsF. Ongoing research Answer: E. Code of ethics. Ongoing research. A. Well-defined body of general knowledge C. Recognized authority by a professional group " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Web of causation of disease, which statement is most appropriate? -Mostly applicable for common diseases -Requires complete understanding of all factors associated with causation of disease -Epidemiological ratio -Helps to suggest ways to interrupt the risk of transmission Answer: D Helps to suggest ways to interrupt the risk of transmission "," Web of causation of disease, which statement is most appropriate? A. Mostly applicable for common diseases B. Requires complete understanding of all factors associated with causation of disease C. Epidemiological ratio D. Helps to suggest ways to interrupt the risk of transmission Answer: D. Helps to suggest ways to interrupt the risk of transmission " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -What is seen in the X-ray of femur below? -Sunburst calcification -Onion peel effect -Codmann triangle -Bone marrow invasion Answer: c: Codmann triangle "," What is seen in the X-ray of femur below? A. Sunburst calcification B. Onion peel effect C. Codmann triangle D. Bone marrow invasion Answer: C. Codmann triangle " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All of the following are required more during lactation as compared to pregnancy, except ? A)Iron B)Vitamin A C)Niacin D)Energy Answer:A, Iron "," All of the following are required more during lactation as compared to pregnancy, except ? A. Iron B. Vitamin A C. Niacin D. Energy Answer: A. Iron " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A man is stuck with lathi on the lateral aspect of the head of the fibula. Which of the following can occur as a result of nerve injury? a-Loss of sensation of lateral foot b-Loss of sensation of adjacent sides of 1st & 2nd toe c-Inversion inability d-Loss of dorsiflexion Answer:d, Loss of dorsiflexion "," A man is stuck with lathi on the lateral aspect of the head of the fibula. Which of the following can occur as a result of nerve injury? A. Loss of sensation of lateral foot B. Loss of sensation of adjacent sides of 1st & 2nd toe C. Inversion inability D. Loss of dorsiflexion Answer: D. Loss of dorsiflexion " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is not a function of liver ? Production of albumin Detoxification of ammonia Production of vitamin K Metabolism of drugs Answer: c "," Which of the following is not a function of liver ? A. Production of albumin B. Detoxification of ammonia C. Production of vitamin K D. Metabolism of drugs Answer: C. Production of vitamin K " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Dogs are responsible for transmission of all the following except? Hydatid disease Toxoplasmosis Kala-azar Toxocara canis Answer: B, Toxoplasmosis "," Dogs are responsible for transmission of all the following except? A. Hydatid disease B. Toxoplasmosis C. Kala-azar D. Toxocara canis Answer: B. Toxoplasmosis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The nurse is administering an oral antihistamine at bedtime to a child with atopic dermatitis (eczema). Which antihistamine should the nurse expect to be prescribed at bedtime? a. Cetirizine (Zyrtec) b. Loratadine (Claritin) c. Fexofenadine (Allegra) d. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) Answer: D. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) Oral antihistamine drugs such as hydroxyzine or diphenhydramine usually relieve moderate or severe pruritus. Nonsedating antihistamines such as cetirizine (Zyrtec), loratadine (Claritin), or fexofenadine (Allegra) may be preferred for daytime pruritus relief. Because pruritus increases at night, a mildly sedating antihistamine such as Benadryl is prescribed "," The nurse is administering an oral antihistamine at bedtime to a child with atopic dermatitis (eczema). Which antihistamine should the nurse expect to be prescribed at bedtime? A. Cetirizine (Zyrtec) B. Loratadine (Claritin) C. Fexofenadine (Allegra) D. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) Answer: D. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 65yr old male with his of Diabetes and HTN presents Ito OPD with complaints of diplopia and squint on examination secondary detion is seen to be more than primary detion Which of the following is the most probable diagnosis? Paralytic squint Incomitant squint Restrictive squint Pseudo squint Answer: A, Paralytic squint "," A 65yr old male with his of Diabetes and HTN presents Ito OPD with complaints of diplopia and squint on examination secondary detion is seen to be more than primary detion Which of the following is the most probable diagnosis? A. Paralytic squint B. Incomitant squint C. Restrictive squint D. Pseudo squint Answer: A. Paralytic squint " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most commonly used tuning fork in ear examination is? 1 128 Hz 2 256 Hz 3 512 Hz 4 1024 Hz Answer:3- 512 Hz "," Most commonly used tuning fork in ear examination is? A. 128 Hz B. 256 Hz C. 512 Hz D. 1024 Hz Answer: C. 512 Hz " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Superior vena cava is derived from? A.Aortic arch B.Pharyngeal arch C.Cardinal vein D.Vitelline vein Answer:C. Cardinal vein Ans. C Cardinal veinRef; hangman's essesntial medical Embroyology pg. 57# During early embryonic development (through 4th week), paired cardinal veins drain the body. Anterior cardinal veins drain the head and upper limb buds, while posterior cardinal veins drain the body. Both the anterior and posterior veins on each side unite at the common cardinal veins that flow into the sinus venosus and ultimately into the common atrium (Image).# Anterior cardinal veins are retained. An anastomosis between the two forms the left brachiocephalic vein, and anterior segments from both form the jugular system for the head and neck (Image).# Most of the posterior segment on the left disappears except for that forming the left superior intercostal vein, whereas the right posterior segment forms the superior vena cava.Extra mileDefects of SVC Development* Double inferior vena cava occurs when the left supracardinal vein persists, thereby forming an additional inferior vena cava below the level of the kidneys.* Left superior vena cava occurs when the left anterior cardinal vein persists, forming a superior vena cava on the left side. The right anterior cardinal vein abnormally regresses.* Double superior vena cava occurs when the left anterior cardinal vein persists, forming a superior vena cava on the left side. The right anterior cardinal vein also forms a superior vena cava on the right side. "," Superior vena cava is derived from? A. Aortic arch B. Pharyngeal arch C. Cardinal vein D. Vitelline vein Answer: C. Cardinal vein " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -The RPR test uses VDRL antigen containing fine? -Carbon paicles -Iodine paicles -Silver ions -Sodium ions Answer: A: Carbon paicles "," The RPR test uses VDRL antigen containing fine? A. Carbon paicles B. Iodine paicles C. Silver ions D. Sodium ions Answer: A. Carbon paicles " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: 70 year old man has abdominal pain with mass inabdomen. Angiography reveals aneurysm of aoa. Mostlikely cause is? a-Trauma b-Atherosclerosis c-Syphilis d-Congenital Answer:b, Atherosclerosis "," 70 year old man has abdominal pain with mass inabdomen. Angiography reveals aneurysm of aoa. Mostlikely cause is? A. Trauma B. Atherosclerosis C. Syphilis D. Congenital Answer: B. Atherosclerosis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Watershed zone of large intestine ? -Cecum -Ascending colon -Rectosigmoid -Transverse colon Answer: C Rectosigmoid "," Watershed zone of large intestine ? A. Cecum B. Ascending colon C. Rectosigmoid D. Transverse colon Answer: C. Rectosigmoid " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Folic acid metabolism is inhibited by : a) Sulfonamides b) Methotrexate c) Nitrous oxide d) Trimethoprim e) 5–Flucytosine? 1 acd 2 abd 3 bde 4 ace Answer:2- abd "," Folic acid metabolism is inhibited by : a) Sulfonamides b) Methotrexate c) Nitrous oxide d) Trimethoprim e) 5–Flucytosine? A. acd B. abd C. bde D. ace Answer: B. abd " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Drug of choice for ADHD is? a-Methylphenidate b-Modafinil c-Amitriptyline d-Adrenaline Answer:a, Methylphenidate "," Drug of choice for ADHD is? A. Methylphenidate B. Modafinil C. Amitriptyline D. Adrenaline Answer: A. Methylphenidate " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Feature of osteoahritis is? 1 Heberden node 2 Increased ESR 3 Onycholysis 4 Z deformity Answer:1- Heberden node "," Feature of osteoahritis is? A. Heberden node B. Increased ESR C. Onycholysis D. Z deformity Answer: A. Heberden node " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A patient presents with diarrhoea. analysis of stool on wet mount shows mobile protozoa without RBCs and pus cells. The diagnosis is? Balantidium coil Giardiasis Trichomonas hominis Entamoeba histolytica Answer: b "," A patient presents with diarrhoea. analysis of stool on wet mount shows mobile protozoa without RBCs and pus cells. The diagnosis is? A. Balantidium coil B. Giardiasis C. Trichomonas hominis D. Entamoeba histolytica Answer: B. Giardiasis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Mad Cow Disease has been highly publicized in Great Britain. This disease, which is similar to scrapie, is caused by? -A prion -A virus -Rickettsiae -An autoimmune reaction Answer: A: A prion "," Mad Cow Disease has been highly publicized in Great Britain. This disease, which is similar to scrapie, is caused by? A. A prion B. A virus C. Rickettsiae D. An autoimmune reaction Answer: A. A prion " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Which of the following opioid can be given intranasally? -Tramadol -Pethidine -Butorphanol -Buprenorphine Answer: C Butorphanol "," Which of the following opioid can be given intranasally? A. Tramadol B. Pethidine C. Butorphanol D. Buprenorphine Answer: C. Butorphanol " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) has an increased risk of all the following except? A)Endometrium B)Ovary C)Stomach D)Pancreas Answer:D, Pancreas "," Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) has an increased risk of all the following except? A. Endometrium B. Ovary C. Stomach D. Pancreas Answer: D. Pancreas " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 43-year-old man presents with signs and symptoms of peritonitis in the right lower quadrant. The clinical impression and supportive data suggest acute appendicitis. At exploration, however, a tumor is found; frozen section suggests carcinoid features. For each tumor described, choose the most appropriate surgical procedure. A 2. 5-cm tumor at the base of the appendix (SELECT 1 PROCEDURE)? a,Appendectomy bSegmental ileal resection,c.Cecectomy,d. Right hemicolectomy Answer: d, Right hemicolectomy "," A 43-year-old man presents with signs and symptoms of peritonitis in the right lower quadrant. The clinical impression and supportive data suggest acute appendicitis. At exploration, however, a tumor is found; frozen section suggests carcinoid features. For each tumor described, choose the most appropriate surgical procedure. A 2. 5-cm tumor at the base of the appendix (SELECT 1 PROCEDURE)? A. Appendectomy B. Segmental ileal resection C. Cecectomy D. Right hemicolectomy Answer: D. Right hemicolectomy " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The earliest manifestation of increased intrcranial pressure following head injury is? Ipsilateral pupillary dilatation Contralateral pupillary dilatation Altered mental status Hemiparesis Answer: c "," The earliest manifestation of increased intrcranial pressure following head injury is? A. Ipsilateral pupillary dilatation B. Contralateral pupillary dilatation C. Altered mental status D. Hemiparesis Answer: C. Altered mental status " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All of the following are features of Lymph node histology except? A.Subcapsular sinus present B.Both Efferent and Afferent are present C.Coex and Medulla are present D.Red pulp and White pulp are present Answer:D. Red pulp and White pulp are present Red pulp and White pulp are present in spleenHistologically, a lymph node is subdivided into three regions: coex, paracoex, and medulla. All three regions have a rich supply of sinusoids, enlarged endothelially lined spaces through which lymph percolates.The afferent lymph vessels pierce the capsule on the convex surface of the node and empty their lymph into the subcapsular sinus. This sinus is continuous with the coical sinuses and delivers the lymph into the medullary sinuses, eventually to enter the efferent lymphatic vessels.Reference: Krishna Garg Histology; 5th edition; Page no: 92 "," All of the following are features of Lymph node histology except? A. Subcapsular sinus present B. Both Efferent and Afferent are present C. Coex and Medulla are present D. Red pulp and White pulp are present Answer: D. Red pulp and White pulp are present " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Duhamel procedure is done for? a-Hirschsprung's disease b-HPSS c-Meckels diverticulum d-Volvulus Answer:a, Hirschsprung's disease "," Duhamel procedure is done for? A. Hirschsprung's disease B. HPSS C. Meckels diverticulum D. Volvulus Answer: A. Hirschsprung's disease " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most common cause of death in primary amyloidosis is? Respiratory failure Cardiac failure Renal failure Septicemia Answer: b "," Most common cause of death in primary amyloidosis is? A. Respiratory failure B. Cardiac failure C. Renal failure D. Septicemia Answer: B. Cardiac failure " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A child with three days history of upper respiratory tract infection presents with stridor, which decreases on lying down postion. What is the most probable diagnosis? a - Acute Epiglottitis b - Laryngotracheobronchitis c - Foreign body aspiration d - Retropharyngeal abscess Answer: Laryngotracheobronchitis "," A child with three days history of upper respiratory tract infection presents with stridor, which decreases on lying down postion. What is the most probable diagnosis? A. Acute Epiglottitis B. Laryngotracheobronchitis C. Foreign body aspiration D. Retropharyngeal abscess Answer: B. Laryngotracheobronchitis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which example helps explain the process of nursing assessment? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a. Recording body temperature 2 hours after administering antipyretic medication b. Asking the patient about the hygiene and the sanitation in his community c. Identifying the signs of respiratory distress in a hospitalized patient d. Asking the patient to demonstrate the technique of self-breast examination after teaching the technique e. Teaching the patient about the lifestyle changes required to reduce the risks of having coronary artery disease Answer: a. Recording body temperature 2 hours after administering antipyretic medication b. Asking the patient about the hygiene and the sanitation in his community c. Identifying the signs of respiratory distress in a hospitalized patient "," Which example helps explain the process of nursing assessment? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. Recording body temperature 2 hours after administering antipyretic medication B. Asking the patient about the hygiene and the sanitation in his community C. Identifying the signs of respiratory distress in a hospitalized patient D. Asking the patient to demonstrate the technique of self-breast examination after teaching the technique E. Teaching the patient about the lifestyle changes required to reduce the risks of having coronary artery disease Answer: B. Asking the patient about the hygiene and the sanitation in his community, C. Identifying the signs of respiratory distress in a hospitalized patient " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Garlicky odour in the gastric contents seen in which non metallic poisoning? a - Sulphur b - Phosphorus c - Iodine d - Chlorine Answer: Phosphorus "," Garlicky odour in the gastric contents seen in which non metallic poisoning? A. Sulphur B. Phosphorus C. Iodine D. Chlorine Answer: B. Phosphorus " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All of the following are anti-Pseudomonal drugs except:? a,Piperacillin bCefoperazone,c.Ceftazidime,d. Cefadroxil Answer: d, Cefadroxil "," All of the following are anti-Pseudomonal drugs except:? A. Piperacillin B. Cefoperazone C. Ceftazidime D. Cefadroxil Answer: D. Cefadroxil " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: An athelete presented with red coloured urine after 2 days of history of severe exeion. The most probable cause is? A.Hemoglobinuria B.Hemosiderinuria C.Hematuria D.Myoglobinuria Answer:D. Myoglobinuria "," An athelete presented with red coloured urine after 2 days of history of severe exeion. The most probable cause is? A. Hemoglobinuria B. Hemosiderinuria C. Hematuria D. Myoglobinuria Answer: D. Myoglobinuria " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: One standard detion in normal standard curev includes value? A.50% B.68% C.95% D.100% Answer:B. 68% Ref:Parks 23rd edition pg 849. 1SD : confidence limit = 68% 2SD : confidence limit = 95% 3SD : confidence limit = 99.7% "," One standard detion in normal standard curev includes value? A. 50% B. 68% C. 95% D. 100% Answer: B. 68% " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Initial ECG change in Hyperkalemia is? 1 Tall tented T waves 2 PR prolongation 3 qRS widening 4 ST segment depression Answer:1- Tall tented T waves "," Initial ECG change in Hyperkalemia is? A. Tall tented T waves B. PR prolongation C. qRS widening D. ST segment depression Answer: A. Tall tented T waves " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Opening of mouth is caused by? A)Lateral pterygoid B)Medial pterygoid C)Temporalis D)Masseter Answer:A- Lateral pterygoid Ans. A Lateral pterygoidRef: Grays, 41st ed. pg. 507-508* The primary function of the lateral pterygoid muscle is to pull the head of the condyle out of the mandibular fossa along the articular eminence to protrude the mandible.* The effort of the lateral pterygoid muscles acts in helping lower the mandible and open the jaw whereas unilteral action of a lateral pterygoid produces contralateral excursion (a form of mastication), usually performed in concert with the medial pterygoids.* Unlike the other three muscles of mastication, the lateral pterygoid is the only muscle of mastication that assists in depressing the mandible i.e. opening the jaw. At the beginning of this action it is assisted by the digastric, mylohyoid and geniohyoid muscles. "," Opening of mouth is caused by? A. Lateral pterygoid B. Medial pterygoid C. Temporalis D. Masseter Answer: A. Lateral pterygoid " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Index measuring deprivation in basic dimensions of human development? -Human povey index -Human development index -Physical quality of life index -Development deprivation index Answer: a "," Index measuring deprivation in basic dimensions of human development? A. Human povey index B. Human development index C. Physical quality of life index D. Development deprivation index Answer: A. Human povey index " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All of the following provisions are included in the Primary health care according to the Alma Ata declaration except? Adequate supply of safe drinking water Nutrition Provision of free medicines Basic sanitation Answer: C, Provision of free medicines "," All of the following provisions are included in the Primary health care according to the Alma Ata declaration except? A. Adequate supply of safe drinking water B. Nutrition C. Provision of free medicines D. Basic sanitation Answer: C. Provision of free medicines " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Intracardiac defibrillator (ICD) is useful in which of the following ? Person with Brugada Person with Arrhythmogenic RV dysplasia Person after acute MI with CAD All of the above Answer: D.All of the above "," Intracardiac defibrillator (ICD) is useful in which of the following ? A. Person with Brugada B. Person with Arrhythmogenic RV dysplasia C. Person after acute MI with CAD D. All of the above Answer: D. All of the above " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -A child with jaundice being given food intravenously. Which of the following can occur out of it –? -Infection -Hyperglycemia -Metabolic acidosis -All of these Answer: D: All of these "," A child with jaundice being given food intravenously. Which of the following can occur out of it –? A. Infection B. Hyperglycemia C. Metabolic acidosis D. All of these Answer: D. All of these " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Schistosomiasis is an example of? Meta-zoonoses Cyclo-zoonoses Direct-zoonoses Sporo-zoonoses Answer: a "," Schistosomiasis is an example of? A. Meta-zoonoses B. Cyclo-zoonoses C. Direct-zoonoses D. Sporo-zoonoses Answer: A. Meta-zoonoses " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The nurse is teaching parents strategies to manage their child's refusal to go to sleep. Which should the nurse include in the teaching session? (Select all that apply.) a. Keep bedtime early. b. Enforce consistent limits. c. Use a reward system with the child. d. Have a consistent before bedtime routine. Answer: B - Enforce consistent limits. C - Use a reward system with the child. D - Have a consistent before bedtime routine. Strategies to manage a child's refusal to go to sleep include enforcement of consistent limits, using a reward system, and having a consistent before bedtime routine. An evaluation of whether the hour of sleep is too early should be considered because an early bedtime could cause the child to resist sleep if not tired "," The nurse is teaching parents strategies to manage their child's refusal to go to sleep. Which should the nurse include in the teaching session? (Select all that apply.) A. Keep bedtime early. B. Enforce consistent limits. C. Use a reward system with the child. d. Have a consistent before bedtime routine. Answer: B. Enforce consistent limits, C. Use a reward system with the child, D. Have a consistent before bedtime routine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Not a B cell marker? A)CD 19 B)CD 20 C)CD 134 D)CD 10 Answer:C, CD 134 "," Not a B cell marker? A. CD 19 B. CD 20 C. CD 134 D. CD 10 Answer: C. CD 134 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The number of line angles in a permanent maxillary central incisor is? a-Two b-Four c-Six d-Eight Answer:c, Six "," The number of line angles in a permanent maxillary central incisor is? A. Two B. Four C. Six D. Eight Answer: C. Six " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis is caused by ? A.Enterovirus 70 B.Adenovirus C.Poliovirus D.Hepadnavirus Answer:A. Enterovirus 70 "," Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis is caused by ? A. Enterovirus 70 B. Adenovirus C. Poliovirus D. Hepadnavirus Answer: A. Enterovirus 70 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 70 kg athlete is taken for surgery, due to unavailability of vecuronium, succinylcholine is given repeatedly (>640mg). He now is unable to take breath and his lower limbs are paralyzed. What will be cause? 1 Phase II block 2 Succinylcholine causes muscle paralysis due to fasciculation 3 Hidden muscle dystrophy 4 Pseudo cholinesterase deficiency Answer: Phase II block Prolonged apnea due to repeated dosing with succinylcholine is due to it entering phase 2 block. Phase I depolarizing block is preceded by muscle fasciculation. During paial neuromuscular block, phase I depolarizing block is characterised by: No fade during repetitive stimulation (tetanic or TOF) No post tetanic facilitation (potentiation) Rapid hydrolysis by butyrylcholinesterase (plasma cholinesterase) terminates phase I depolarizing blockade of succinylcholine. Phase II block resembles non depolarizing block, is characterised by: Fade during repetitive stimulation (tetanic or TOF) Post tetanic facilitation (potentiation) Phase II block can be antagonized by administering a cholinesterase inhibitor like neostigmine. "," A 70 kg athlete is taken for surgery, due to unavailability of vecuronium, succinylcholine is given repeatedly (>640mg). He now is unable to take breath and his lower limbs are paralyzed. What will be cause? A. Phase II block B. Succinylcholine causes muscle paralysis due to fasciculation C. Hidden muscle dystrophy D. Pseudo cholinesterase deficiency Answer: A. Phase II block " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following clinical situations is associated with an increase in predominantly conjugated (""direct"") bilirubin? A)Physiologic jaundice of the neonate B)Kernicterus Following Rhesus Incompatibility C)Gilbe's Syndrome D)Pancreatic head tumor Answer:D, Pancreatic head tumor "," Which of the following clinical situations is associated with an increase in predominantly conjugated (""direct"") bilirubin? A. Physiologic jaundice of the neonate B. Kernicterus Following Rhesus Incompatibility C. Gilbe's Syndrome D. Pancreatic head tumor Answer: D. Pancreatic head tumor " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A female, Lalita, aged 26 yrs accidentally takes 100 tablets of paracetamol. What is the treatment of choice? 1 Lavage with charcoal 2 Dialysis 3 Alkaline diuresis 4 Acetylcysteine Answer: Acetylcysteine Ans. is 'd' i.e Acetylcysteine ""In cases of moderate to severe poisoning N acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) should be given orally. It is most effective when given within 16-24 hours of overdosage. It prevents hepatic damage"". - Parikh "," A female, Lalita, aged 26 yrs accidentally takes 100 tablets of paracetamol. What is the treatment of choice? A. Lavage with charcoal B. Dialysis C. Alkaline diuresis D. Acetylcysteine Answer: D. Acetylcysteine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Diplopia is not a presenting feature in? 1 Manifest squint 2 Paralytic squint 3 Latent squint 4 Anisometropia Answer: Latent squint C i.e. Latent squint Hetrophoria or latent strabismus is a condition in which there is a tendency to misalignment of the visual axis, which is corrected by the fusional capacity. Often latent squints give no trouble until the demand of near vision increase the strain. No symptoms arise, perhaps, until after reading or writing for an hour or two when the letter seems to run together'. There diplopia, which is often not appreciated as actual double vision, causes blurring of the print. With effo, blurring is overcome, but eventually this becomes impossible, headache supervenes & the work has to be abandoned. Anisometropia presents with - imperfect binocular vision, amblyopia, squint & diplopia (Basak p-68). "," Diplopia is not a presenting feature in? A. Manifest squint B. Paralytic squint C. Latent squint D. Anisometropia Answer: C. Latent squint " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Disulfiram-like reaction is caused by: Kerala 11? a,Acamprostate bMetronidazole,c.Tetracycline,d. Digitalis Answer: b, Metronidazole "," Disulfiram-like reaction is caused by: Kerala 11? A. Acamprostate B. Metronidazole C. Tetracycline D. Digitalis Answer: B. Metronidazole " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Ovicidal drug for scabies is –? a,BHC bDDT,c.HHC,d. Permethrin Answer: d, Permethrin "," Ovicidal drug for scabies is –? A. BHC B. DDT C. HHC D. Permethrin Answer: D. Permethrin " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Congenital hepatic fibrosis is a characteristic feature of? A)Multicystic renal dysplasia B)ARPKD C)Familial juvenile nephronophthisis D)Medullary sponge kidney Answer:B, ARPKD "," Congenital hepatic fibrosis is a characteristic feature of? A. Multicystic renal dysplasia B. ARPKD C. Familial juvenile nephronophthisis D. Medullary sponge kidney Answer: B. ARPKD " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: After postmoem body is handed over to? The authority who has conducted inquest in that paicular case Police station near by Coroner Chief magistrate Answer: A, The authority who has conducted inquest in that paicular case "," After postmoem body is handed over to? A. The authority who has conducted inquest in that paicular case B. Police station near by C. Coroner D. Chief magistrate Answer: A. The authority who has conducted inquest in that paicular case " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Initiation of nerve impulse occurs at the axon hillock because? 1 It has a lower threshold than the rest of axon 2 It is unmyelinated 3 Neurotransmitter release occurs here 4 None of the above Answer: It has a lower threshold than the rest of axon A i.e. It has lower threshold than rest of axonAxon hillock is the initial segment of neuron, nerve impulses begin in this initial segment of axon because it has lowest threshold potential.QAxon hillock:- This is a thickened area of cell body from which originates the long fibrous axon.AP is generated in this segment because the membrane at the axon hillock has grater concentration of voltage gated Na+ channels and therefore the threshold for excitation is lower than the rest of neuronsQ "," Initiation of nerve impulse occurs at the axon hillock because? A. It has a lower threshold than the rest of axon B. It is unmyelinated C. Neurotransmitter release occurs here D. None of the above Answer: A. It has a lower threshold than the rest of axon " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In a subclan aery block at outer border of 1st rib, all of the following aeries help in maintaining the circulation to upper limb, EXCEPT? a)Subscapular aery b)Superior thoracic aery c)Thyrocervical trunk d)Suprascapular aery Answer:b, Superior thoracic aery A rich anastomosis exists around the scapula between branches of subclan aery (first pa) and the axillary aery (third pa). This anastomosis provides a collateral circulation through which blood can flow to the limb when the distal pa of subclan aery or the proximal pa of axillary aery is blocked. Scapular anastomoses occur between the following branches of proximal subclan and distal axillary aery: Branches of Subclan aery: Thyrocervical trunk, Suprascapular and Deep branch of transverse cervical.Branches of Axillary aery: Subscapular, Posterior circumflex humeral and Thoracoacromial aeires. "," In a subclan aery block at outer border of 1st rib, all of the following aeries help in maintaining the circulation to upper limb, EXCEPT? A. Subscapular aery B. Superior thoracic aery C. Thyrocervical trunk D. Suprascapular aery Answer: B. Superior thoracic aery " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following statement regarding Septic tank is true ? a-The minimum capacity of a septic tank should be at least 100 gallons b-A capacity of 20-30 gallons or 2 & half to 5 c.ft. per person is recommended for household septic tanks c-The length of septic tank is usually equal to its breadth. d-There should be a minimum air space of 3 cm between level of liquid in the tank & under-surface of the cover Answer:b, A capacity of 20-30 gallons or 2 & half to 5 c.ft. per person is recommended for household septic tanks "," Which of the following statement regarding Septic tank is true ? A. The minimum capacity of a septic tank should be at least 100 gallons B. A capacity of 20-30 gallons or 2 & half to 5 c.ft. per person is recommended for household septic tanks C. The length of septic tank is usually equal to its breadth. D. There should be a minimum air space of 3 cm between level of liquid in the tank & under-surface of the cover Answer: B. A capacity of 20-30 gallons or 2 & half to 5 c.ft. per person is recommended for household septic tanks " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: An infant with respiratory distress was intubated. The fastest and accurate method to confirm intubation? Capnography Clinically by auscultation Chest radiography Airway pressure measurement Answer: A, Capnography "," An infant with respiratory distress was intubated. The fastest and accurate method to confirm intubation? A. Capnography B. Clinically by auscultation C. Chest radiography D. Airway pressure measurement Answer: A. Capnography " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Rotameters? a - Depend on laminar low for their accuracy b - Will only function when upright c - Are constant pressure drop-constant orifice devices d - Are not accurate below 1L/min Answer: Will only function when upright "," Rotameters? A. Depend on laminar low for their accuracy B. Will only function when upright C. Are constant pressure drop-constant orifice devices D. Are not accurate below 1L/min Answer: B. Will only function when upright " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most common cause for acute infantile gastroenteritis is? a-Adenovirus b-E coli c-Norwalk virus d-Rota virus Answer:d, Rota virus "," Most common cause for acute infantile gastroenteritis is? A. Adenovirus B. E coli C. Norwalk virus D. Rota virus Answer: D. Rota virus " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: For Status epilepticus, treatment of choice is: September 2012? a)Ethosuximide b)Sodium valproate c)Lamotrigine d)Lorazepam Answer:d, Lorazepam Ans. D i.e. Lorazepam "," For Status epilepticus, treatment of choice is: September 2012? A. Ethosuximide B. Sodium valproate C. Lamotrigine D. Lorazepam Answer: D. Lorazepam " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: . Gall stones? a-Are about twice as common in men as in women b-There is an increased incidence of stones in diabetics c-About 80-90% of gall stones are radio-opaque d-Are usually more than 50 mm in diameter Answer:b, There is an increased incidence of stones in diabetics "," . Gall stones? A. Are about twice as common in men as in women B. There is an increased incidence of stones in diabetics C. About 80-90% of gall stones are radio-opaque D. Are usually more than 50 mm in diameter Answer: B. There is an increased incidence of stones in diabetics " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Population covered by a PHC in hilly region is –? -20000 -30000 -40000 -25000 Answer: a "," Population covered by a PHC in hilly region is –? A. 20000 B. 30000 C. 40000 D. 25000 Answer: A. 20000 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: After overnight fasting, levels of glucose transpoers reduced in? Brain cells RBCs Adipocytes Hepatocytes Answer: C.Adipocytes "," After overnight fasting, levels of glucose transpoers reduced in? A. Brain cells B. RBCs C. Adipocytes D. Hepatocytes Answer: C. Adipocytes " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Electron microscopy finding indicating irreversible cell injury is? Dilation of ER Dissociation of ribosomes from rough ER Flocculent densities in the mitochondria Intact cell membrane Answer: c "," Electron microscopy finding indicating irreversible cell injury is? A. Dilation of ER B. Dissociation of ribosomes from rough ER C. Flocculent densities in the mitochondria D. Intact cell membrane Answer: C. Flocculent densities in the mitochondria " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Tardy ulnar nerve palsy occur as a delayed sequele of? 1 Supracondylar fracture of humerus 2 Posterior dislocation of elbow 3 Fracture of lateral condyle of humerus in children 4 Fracture of Olecranon Answer:3 - Fracture of lateral condyle of humerus in children C i.e. Fracture lateral condyle humerus "," Tardy ulnar nerve palsy occur as a delayed sequele of? A. Supracondylar fracture of humerus B. Posterior dislocation of elbow C. Fracture of lateral condyle of humerus in children D. Fracture of Olecranon Answer: C. Fracture of lateral condyle of humerus in children " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following nerve is involved in Frey's syndrome? A)Trigeminal B)Mandibular C)Ariculo temporal D)Lingual Answer:C- Ariculo temporal Syndrome (Gustatory Sweating) aka auriculotemporal syndrome: Frey's syndrome arises as a complication of parotid surgery usually manifesting several months after the operation. lt is characterised by sweating and flushing of the preauricular skin during mastication causing nuisance to the person or social embarrassment. It is the result of damage to auriculotemporal nerve and aberrant innervation of sweat glands by parasympathetic secretomotor fibres which were destined for the parotid. Now instead of causing salivary secretion from the parotid, they cause secretion from the sweat glands. The condition can be treated by tympanic neurectomy which intercepts these parasympathetic fibres at the level of middle ear. Some people like to place a sheet of fascia lata between the skin and the underlying fat to prevent secretomotor fibres reaching the sweat glands. Generally, no treatment other than reassurance is required in most of these patients. Also known as Crocodile tears (gustatory lacrimation): There is unilateral lacrimation with mastication. This is due to faulty regeneration of parasympathetic fibres which now supply lacrimal gland instead of the salivary glands. It can be treated by section of greater superficial petrosal nerve or tympanic neurectomy. "," Which of the following nerve is involved in Frey's syndrome? A. Trigeminal B. Mandibular C. Ariculo temporal D. Lingual Answer: C. Ariculo temporal " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In a family, the father has widely spaced eyes, increased facial hair and deafness. One of the three children has deafness with similar facial features. The mother is normal. Which one of the following is most likely pattern of inheritance in this case? a-Autosomal dominant b-Autosomal recessive c-X-linked dominant d-X-linked recessive Answer:a, Autosomal dominant "," In a family, the father has widely spaced eyes, increased facial hair and deafness. One of the three children has deafness with similar facial features. The mother is normal. Which one of the following is most likely pattern of inheritance in this case? A. Autosomal dominant B. Autosomal recessive C. X-linked dominant D. X-linked recessive Answer: A. Autosomal dominant " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -A 64-year-old lady Kamla complains of severe unilateral headache on the right side and blindness for 2 days. On examination, there is a thick cord-like structure on the lateral side of the head. The ESR is 80 mm / hr. in the first hour. The most likely diagnosis is? -Temporal arteritis -A migraine -Cluster headache -Sinusitis Answer: A Temporal arteritis "," A 64-year-old lady Kamla complains of severe unilateral headache on the right side and blindness for 2 days. On examination, there is a thick cord-like structure on the lateral side of the head. The ESR is 80 mm / hr. in the first hour. The most likely diagnosis is? A. Temporal arteritis B. A migraine C. Cluster headache D. Sinusitis Answer: A. Temporal arteritis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most serious complication seen in other eye after traumatic injury to one eye: March 2005, September 2008? A)Subconjunctival hemorrhage B)Corneal edema C)Sympathetic ophthalmia D)Sudden loss of vision Answer:C- Sympathetic ophthalmia Ans. C: Sympathetic ophthalmia Sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) is a condition in which serious inflammation attacks the sound eye after injury (including intraocular surgeries) to the other. It is the most dreaded complication of unilateral severe eye injury, as it can leave the patient completely blind. Symptoms may develop from days to several years after a penetrating eye injury. Sympathetic ophthalmia is thought to be an autoimmune inflammatory response toward ocular antigens, specifically a delayed hypersensitivity to melanin-containing structures from the outer segments of the photoreceptor layer of the retina. It is thought that Louis Braille, who injured his left eye as a child, lost vision in his right eye due to SO Floating spots and loss of accommodation are among the earliest symptoms. The disease may progress to severe iridocyclitis with pain and photophobia. Commonly the eye remains relatively painless while the inflammatory disease spreads through the uvea. The retina, however, usually remains uninvolved. Papilledema, secondary glaucoma, vitiligo and poliosis of the eyelashes may accompany SO. Diagnosis is clinical, seeking a history of eye injury. An impoant differential diagnosis is Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (VKH), which is thought to have the same pathogenesis, without a history of surgery or penetrating eye injury. Definitive prevention of SO requires prompt (within the first 7 to 10 days following injury) enucleation of the injured eye. Evisceration--the removal of the contents of the globe while leaving the sclera and extraocular muscles intact--is easier to perform, offers long-term orbital stability, and is more aesthetically pleasing. But evisceration may lead to a higher incidence of SO compared to enucleation. Immunosuppressive therapy is the mainstay of treatment for SO. When initiated promptly following injury, it is effective in controlling the inflammation and improving the prognosis. "," Most serious complication seen in other eye after traumatic injury to one eye: March 2005, September 2008? A. Subconjunctival hemorrhage B. Corneal edema C. Sympathetic ophthalmia D. Sudden loss of vision Answer: C. Sympathetic ophthalmia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Cataract blindness is? 1 Preventable 2 Curable 3 Avoidable 4 Curable and avoidable Answer: Curable Ans. Curable "," Cataract blindness is? A. Preventable B. Curable C. Avoidable D. Curable and avoidable Answer: B. Curable " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: An 18 year old male patient presented to the clinic with pain and swelling in the lower jaw. Intraoral examination revealed localized gingival bleeding in the right posterior region. On palpation, pulsations can be appreciated. Lesions are also appreciated on the frontal bone on a radiograph. Which condition is present in this patient? a - Vascular malformation b - Cherubism c - Eosinophilic granuloma d - Brown tumor Answer: Vascular malformation "," An 18 year old male patient presented to the clinic with pain and swelling in the lower jaw. Intraoral examination revealed localized gingival bleeding in the right posterior region. On palpation, pulsations can be appreciated. Lesions are also appreciated on the frontal bone on a radiograph. Which condition is present in this patient? A. Vascular malformation B. Cherubism C. Eosinophilic granuloma D. Brown tumor Answer: A. Vascular malformation " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: 65-year-old man presents with anaemia and posterior column dysfunction, the likely cause is? a-B1-deficit b-B12-deficit c-SSPE d-Multiple selerosis Answer:b, B12-deficit "," 65-year-old man presents with anaemia and posterior column dysfunction, the likely cause is? A. B1-deficit B. B12-deficit C. SSPE D. Multiple selerosis Answer: B. B12-deficit " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All are true about peritoneal folds except? 1 Median umbilical fold is obliterated to become urachus in adults 2 Medial umbilical fold is peritoneal fold on medial umbilical ligament 3 Medial umbilical fold covers allantois 4 Lateral umbilical fold produced by inferior epigastric vessels Answer:3 - Medial umbilical fold covers allantois Urachus fistula is a remnant of allantoic diveiculum. It is a diveiculum of hind gut and connects umbilicus to urinary bladder. The lumen of allantoic duct-is obliterated at the time of bih. Median Umblical Ligament is the remanant of urachus. It covers allantois. Urine keeps on dribbling in urachal fistula Figure showing Urachal fistula "," All are true about peritoneal folds except? A. Median umbilical fold is obliterated to become urachus in adults B. Medial umbilical fold is peritoneal fold on medial umbilical ligament C. Medial umbilical fold covers allantois D. Lateral umbilical fold produced by inferior epigastric vessels Answer: C. Medial umbilical fold covers allantois " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Actinomycetoma is caused by? 1 Actinomyces 2 Nocardias 3 Streptomyces 4 All Answer: All Ans. is 'a' i.e., Actinomyces; 'b' i.e., Nocardia; 'c' i.e., Streptomyces "," Actinomycetoma is caused by? A. Actinomyces B. Nocardias C. Streptomyces D. All Answer: D. All " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -The commonest cause of limp in a child of seven years is? -T.B. hip -C.D.H -Perthe's disease -Slipped upper femoral epiphysis Answer: C Perthe's disease "," The commonest cause of limp in a child of seven years is? A. T.B. hip B. C.D.H C. Perthe's disease D. Slipped upper femoral epiphysis Answer: C. Perthe's disease " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The number of deaths prevented as a result of paicular health programme is best evaluated by? a,Cost accounting bCost benefit analysis,c.Cost effective analysis,d. None of the above Answer: c, Cost effective analysis "," The number of deaths prevented as a result of paicular health programme is best evaluated by? A. Cost accounting B. Cost benefit analysis C. Cost effective analysis D. None of the above Answer: C. Cost effective analysis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Fatty acid present in breast milk which is important for growth and CNS development is? -Docosahexaenoic acid -Palmitic acid -Linoleic acid -Linolenic acid Answer: A Docosahexaenoic acid "," Fatty acid present in breast milk which is important for growth and CNS development is? A. Docosahexaenoic acid B. Palmitic acid C. Linoleic acid D. Linolenic acid Answer: A. Docosahexaenoic acid " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -A 55-year-old woman was found to have Ca cervix, FIGO stage 2-3, locally advanced. What would be the management?? -Surgery plus chemotherapy -radiotherapy plus chemotherapy -Chemotherapy -Radiotherapy plus HPV vaccine Answer: B radiotherapy plus chemotherapy "," A 55-year-old woman was found to have Ca cervix, FIGO stage 2-3, locally advanced. What would be the management?? A. Surgery plus chemotherapy B. radiotherapy plus chemotherapy C. Chemotherapy D. Radiotherapy plus HPV vaccine Answer: B. radiotherapy plus chemotherapy " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Barr body is seen in? a,Turners syndrome bKlinefelters syndromeTesticular feminisation,c.Tesiicular leminisation syndrome,d. 46 XY Answer: b, Klinefelters syndromeTesticular feminisation "," Barr body is seen in? A. Turners syndrome B. Klinefelters syndromeTesticular feminisation C. Tesiicular leminisation syndrome D. 46 XY Answer: B. Klinefelters syndromeTesticular feminisation " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Features of histocytosis are all except? a,Antigen processing cells bCD1a marker present,c.CD127 marker,d. Osteolytic lesions Answer: c, CD127 marker "," Features of histocytosis are all except? A. Antigen processing cells B. CD1a marker present C. CD127 marker D. Osteolytic lesions Answer: C. CD127 marker " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Glossodynia is? 1 Pain in the tongue 2 Burning of the tongue 3 Swelling of the tongue 4 White patch on tongue Answer: Pain in the tongue "," Glossodynia is? A. Pain in the tongue B. Burning of the tongue C. Swelling of the tongue D. White patch on tongue Answer: A. Pain in the tongue " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Hyper viscosity is seen in? A.Cryoglobulinemia B.Multiple myeloma C.MGUS D.Lymphoma Answer:A. Cryoglobulinemia Ref William hematology 6/e p1268 The term cryoglobulinemia refers to the presence in the serum of proteins that precipitate at temperatures below 37 degrees C and redissolve on rewarming. ... The elective treatment for hyperviscosity syndrome, whether associated with monoclonal, mixed, or polyclonalcryoglobulinemia, is plasma exchange. "," Hyper viscosity is seen in? A. Cryoglobulinemia B. Multiple myeloma C. MGUS D. Lymphoma Answer: A. Cryoglobulinemia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All of the following are true about BCG vaccine except.? a - WHO recommends Danish 1331 strain of M.bovis b - Given intradermally c - Normal saline is a diluent d - Site of injection should be cleaned with spirit Answer: Site of injection should be cleaned with spirit "," All of the following are true about BCG vaccine except.? A. WHO recommends Danish 1331 strain of M.bovis B. Given intradermally C. Normal saline is a diluent D. Site of injection should be cleaned with spirit Answer: D. Site of injection should be cleaned with spirit " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Hepatitis A virus shedding in faeces is? One week before the symptoms appear Two weeks after the symptoms appear One week before the symptoms and one week thereafter Two weeks before the symptoms and two week thereafter Answer: D, Two weeks before the symptoms and two week thereafter "," Hepatitis A virus shedding in faeces is? A. One week before the symptoms appear B. Two weeks after the symptoms appear C. One week before the symptoms and one week thereafter D. Two weeks before the symptoms and two week thereafter Answer: D. Two weeks before the symptoms and two week thereafter " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: If a drug is active against the pre-erythrocytic stage of the malarial parasite it will be useful as a? a-Suppressive prophylactic b-Causal prophylactic c-Clinical curative d-Radical curative Answer:b, Causal prophylactic "," If a drug is active against the pre-erythrocytic stage of the malarial parasite it will be useful as a? A. Suppressive prophylactic B. Causal prophylactic C. Clinical curative D. Radical curative Answer: B. Causal prophylactic " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -According to WHO guideline, all are indications for hospital admission in Pneumonia except? -Convulsions -Persistent vomiting -Chest indrawing -Severe malnutrition Answer: C Chest indrawing "," According to WHO guideline, all are indications for hospital admission in Pneumonia except? A. Convulsions B. Persistent vomiting C. Chest indrawing D. Severe malnutrition Answer: C. Chest indrawing " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: 3. A nurse is planning care for a 7-year-old child hospitalized with osteomyelitis. Which activities should the nurse plan to bring from the playroom for the child? (Select all that apply.) a. Paper and some paints b. Board games c. Jack-in-the-box d. Stuffed animals e. Computer games Answer: a,b,e "," A nurse is planning care for a 7-year-old child hospitalized with osteomyelitis. Which activities should the nurse plan to bring from the playroom for the child? (Select all that apply.) A. Paper and some paints B. Board games C. Jack-in-the-box D. Stuffed animals E. Computer games Answer: A. Paper and some paints, B. Board games, E. Computer games " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Atherosclerosis initiation by fibroblast plaque is mediated by injury to ? A.Smooth muscle B.Media C.Adventitia D.Endothelium Answer:D. Endothelium Ans. is 'd' i.e., Endothelium The most acceptable hypothesis for the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is ""the response to injury hypothesis"". According to this hypothesis, atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory response of the aerial wall initiated by injury to endothelium. Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis Following stages occurs in the pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis: Endothelial injury Earliest stages of the development of atherosclerosis are mediated by the inflammatory cascade. Inflammation mediated injury to endothelium is the cornestone in the development of atherosclerosis. After injury, endothelium is activated and there is increased expression of adhesion molecule-VCAM-1 and there is increased permeability to endothelium. TNF is the major cytokine to induce this expression. Migration of leukocytes When VCAM-1 is expressed on endothelium, leukocytes adhere to the endothelium. Leukocytes than cross the endothelial barrier and begin to accumulate in subendothelial intimal space. Macrophages engulf LDL cholesterol and form foam cells - formation of earliest lesion, i.e. fatty streak. Macrophages also form oxygen free radicals that cause oxidation of LDL to yield oxidized LDL (modified LDL). Smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation Inflammatory cells in subendothelial intimal space secrete cytokines, mainly PDGF, TGF-ct and FGF which cause migration of smooth muscle cells from media to subendothelial intimal space as well as their proliferation. Maturation of plaque Smooth muscle cells synthesize extracellular matrix (especially collegen) and conve a fatty streak into a mature fibrofatty atheroma, and contribute to the progressive growth of atherosclerotic lesions. "," Atherosclerosis initiation by fibroblast plaque is mediated by injury to ? A. Smooth muscle B. Media C. Adventitia D. Endothelium Answer: D. Endothelium " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Insulin stimulated glucose entry in seen in? Cardiac muscles Smooth muscles Brain Intestines Answer: a "," Insulin stimulated glucose entry in seen in? A. Cardiac muscles B. Smooth muscles C. Brain D. Intestines Answer: A. Cardiac muscles " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Patient with persistent diarrhea & hypotension. Diagnosis? 1 VIPoma 2 ACTHoma 3 GRFoma 4 Glucagnoma Answer: VIPoma Ans. is 'a' i.e., VIPoma Pancreatic Neuroendocrine TumorsTumourBiologicaly active peptide secretedTumour locationMalignant percentageMain symptoms and signsGastrinoma (non b cell tumour)GastrinDuodenum (70%) Pancreas (25%) other sites (5%)60-90o Pain (79-J 00%)o Diarrhoea (30-73%)o GERD (30-35%)o Peptic ulcerInsulinoma (b cell tumour)InsulinPancreas > 99% (Insulinomas are distributed equally on head body and tail of pancrease)< 10o Symptoms of hypoglycemiao Symptoms releive on administration of glucoseVIPOMA (Verner-Morrison syndrome, pancreatic cholera (WDHA)Vasoactive intestinal peptidePancreas 90%40-70o Watery diarrhoea (90-100%)o Hypokalemia (80-100%)o Hypochlorhydriao Dehydration (83%)GlucagonomaGlucagonPancreas 100% (usually occurs singly in pancreatic tail)50-80%o Dermatitis (migratory necrolytic erythema) 67-90%o Glucose intolerance (40-90%)o Weight loss (66 to 96%)o .Anemia(33-85%)o Diarrhoea (15-29%)o Thromboembolism "," Patient with persistent diarrhea & hypotension. Diagnosis? A. VIPoma B. ACTHoma C. GRFoma D. Glucagnoma Answer: A. VIPoma " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Not a indication for admission in pneumonia ? Fever of 390 c Cyanosis Chest retracion Not feeding well Answer: A, Fever of 390 c "," Not a indication for admission in pneumonia ? A. Fever of 390 c B. Cyanosis C. Chest retracion D. Not feeding well Answer: A. Fever of 390 c " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: When the patient fails to understand normal speech but can understand shouted or amplified speech the hearing loss is termed as? a - Mild hearing loss b - Moderate hearing loss c - Severe hearing loss d - Profound hearing loss Answer: Severe hearing loss "," When the patient fails to understand normal speech but can understand shouted or amplified speech the hearing loss is termed as? A. Mild hearing loss B. Moderate hearing loss C. Severe hearing loss D. Profound hearing loss Answer: C. Severe hearing loss " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Pain felt between great toe and 2nd toe is due to involvement of which nerve root? a)L5 b)S2 c)S1 d)S3 Answer:a, L5 First web space of foot is supplied by deep peroneal nerve (L5) "," Pain felt between great toe and 2nd toe is due to involvement of which nerve root? A. L5 B. S2 C. S1 D. S3 Answer: A. L5 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Accumulation of homogentisic acid causes? a,Ochronosis bTyrosinemia,c.Albinism,d. Tyrosinosis Answer: a, Ochronosis "," Accumulation of homogentisic acid causes? A. Ochronosis B. Tyrosinemia C. Albinism D. Tyrosinosis Answer: A. Ochronosis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All the teeth in patient’s mouth are similarly affected as shown in the radiograph. What is the most likely anomaly? A)Type 1 dentinal dysplasia B)Type 2 dentinal dysplasia C)Taurodontism D)Amelogenesis imperfecta Answer:B- Type 2 dentinal dysplasia Dentinal dysplasia Dentinal dysplasia is an inherited condition affecting both dentitions. It is divided into two types: Type I (radicular dentinal dysplasia) and Type II (coronal dentinal dysplasia). It occurs less frequently than dentinogenesis imperfecta. Clinical features Type I is the more frequent type. Teeth erupt normally with no obvious abnormality but rapidly develop mobility resulting from limited root support. In type II, the deciduous teeth are similar to those in dentinogenesis imperfecta, whereas the permanent teeth appear normal. Radiological signs In Type I, all the teeth, except the canines, have extremely short roots. The roots are conical or blunted. There is pulpal obliteration and the inferior aspects of the crown exhibit linear crescent-shaped radiolucent lines. Periapical radiolucencies are commonly seen associated with non-carious teeth in Type I dentinal dysplasia. In Type II dentinal dysplasia, obliteration of the pulp occurs post eruption in the deciduous dentition. In the permanent dentition, there is alteration in the configuration of the pulp resulting in enlarged pulp chambers extending well down into the root. The pulp contains multiple calcifications. Ref: Interpreting Dental Radiographs by Keith Horner, Jon Rout and Vivian E Rushton "," All the teeth in patient’s mouth are similarly affected as shown in the radiograph. What is the most likely anomaly? A. Type 1 dentinal dysplasia B. Type 2 dentinal dysplasia C. Taurodontism D. Amelogenesis imperfecta Answer: B. Type 2 dentinal dysplasia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following drug is used in scabies as single oral dose agent: March 2011? A)Permethrin B)Retinoids C)Ivermectin D)Co-trimoxazole Answer:C, Ivermectin "," Which of the following drug is used in scabies as single oral dose agent: March 2011? A. Permethrin B. Retinoids C. Ivermectin D. Co-trimoxazole Answer: C. Ivermectin " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: ""Inflation of lungs induces fuher inflation"" this is explained by? 1 Hering-Breuer inflation reflex 2 Hering-Breuer deflation reflex 3 Head's paradoxical reflex 4 J-reflex Answer:3 - Head's paradoxical reflex Head's paradoxical reflex is paradoxical to Hering- Breuer inflation reflex This reflex might be the cause for inflation of the lungs in the newborn when the newborn takes the first breath "," ""Inflation of lungs induces fuher inflation"" this is explained by? A. Hering-Breuer inflation reflex B. Hering-Breuer deflation reflex C. Head's paradoxical reflex D. J-reflex Answer: C. Head's paradoxical reflex " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Volume of infarcted area in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) can be detected by -a) ECHOb) ECGc) Levels of CPKMBd) Thallium scan? 1 b 2 c 3 ac 4 ad Answer: ad "," Volume of infarcted area in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) can be detected by -a) ECHOb) ECGc) Levels of CPKMBd) Thallium scan? A. b B. c C. ac D. ad Answer: D. ad " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most common movemnet force involved in fractures of the spine is which of the following? a - Flexion b - Extension c - C Rotation d - Compression Answer: Flexion "," Most common movemnet force involved in fractures of the spine is which of the following? A. Flexion B. Extension C. C Rotation D. Compression Answer: A. Flexion " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Effective for common gram-negative anaerobes ? Aztreonam Doxycycline Vancomycin Tobramycin Answer: A, Aztreonam "," Effective for common gram-negative anaerobes ? A. Aztreonam B. Doxycycline C. Vancomycin D. Tobramycin Answer: A. Aztreonam " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Bence jones proteinuria is derived from? A)Alpha globulins B)Light chain globulins C)Gamma globulins D)Delta globulins Answer:B, Light chain globulins "," Bence jones proteinuria is derived from? A. Alpha globulins B. Light chain globulins C. Gamma globulins D. Delta globulins Answer: B. Light chain globulins " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most common site for contact ulcer in larynx is? Arytenoids Corniculate Anterior 1/3 rd of vocal cord Cricoid Answer: A, Arytenoids "," Most common site for contact ulcer in larynx is? A. Arytenoids B. Corniculate C. Anterior 1/3 rd of vocal cord D. Cricoid Answer: A. Arytenoids " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Which ocular muscle does NOT arises from apex of orbit? -Superior rectus -Inferior rectus -Superior oblique -Inferior oblique Answer: D Inferior oblique "," Which ocular muscle does NOT arises from apex of orbit? A. Superior rectus B. Inferior rectus C. Superior oblique D. Inferior oblique Answer: D. Inferior oblique " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Functional unit of muscle? a-Sarcomere b-Actin c-Myosin d-Troponin Answer:a, Sarcomere "," Functional unit of muscle? A. Sarcomere B. Actin C. Myosin D. Troponin Answer: A. Sarcomere " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Botulinum affects all of the following, EXCEPT? A.Neuromuscular junction B.Preganglionic junction C.Post ganglionic nerves D.CNS Answer:D. CNS Diplopia, dysphagia, dysahria, dry mouth, vomiting, thirst, constipation are the clinical features associated with botulinum toxin. Patients experience minimal or no CNS effects and usually there's no significant alteration in their mental status. Ingested, inhaled or formed botulinum toxin travels through the vascular system and affects neuromuscular junction, pre ganglionic junction and post ganglionic nerves. Ref: Textbook of Microbiology, Ananthanarayan and Paniker, 7th Edition, Chapter 28, Page 263 & 264 ; Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine, 16th Edition, Page 843. "," Botulinum affects all of the following, EXCEPT? A. Neuromuscular junction B. Preganglionic junction C. Post ganglionic nerves D. CNS Answer: D. CNS " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: ACE inhibitor contraindicated in which of the following condition? Bilateral renal artery stenosis Chronic kidney disease Post myocardial infarction Diabetes mellitus Answer: a "," ACE inhibitor contraindicated in which of the following condition? A. Bilateral renal artery stenosis B. Chronic kidney disease C. Post myocardial infarction D. Diabetes mellitus Answer: A. Bilateral renal artery stenosis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: 2. A nurse wants to incorporate psychosocial theories into nursing practice. Which elements will the nurse include? (Select all that apply.) a. Physiological needs of the patient b. Psychological needs of the patient c. Sociocultural needs of the patient d. Cognitive needs of the patient e. Spiritual needs of the patient Answer: ABCE When nursing incorporates psychosocial theories into nursing practice, the nurse strives to meet the physiological, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual needs of patients. Cognitive needs of the patient are included in educational theories "," A nurse wants to incorporate psychosocial theories into nursing practice. Which elements will the nurse include? (Select all that apply.) A. Physiological needs of the patient B. Psychological needs of the patient C. Sociocultural needs of the patient D. Cognitive needs of the patient e. Spiritual needs of the patient Answer: A. Physiological needs of the patient B. Psychological needs of the patient C. Sociocultural needs of the patient e. Spiritual needs of the patient " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Features of shock? a-Decreased GFR b-Increased renin c-Decreased rennin d-Decreased Coisol Answer:a, Decreased GFR "," Features of shock? A. Decreased GFR B. Increased renin C. Decreased rennin D. Decreased Coisol Answer: A. Decreased GFR " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Treatment of choice in traumatic facial nerve injury is? A.Facial sling B.Facial nerve repair C.Conservative management D.Systemic corticosteroids Answer:B. Facial nerve repair (b) Facial nerve repair(Ref. Scott Brown, 6th ed., 1404)Since generally following trauma the facial nerve injury occurs as sudden onset. Facial decompression should be the best option. "," Treatment of choice in traumatic facial nerve injury is? A. Facial sling B. Facial nerve repair C. Conservative management D. Systemic corticosteroids Answer: B. Facial nerve repair " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In the inflammatory process the prostaglandins E1and E2 causes? Vasodilation Increased gastric output Decreased body temperature Vaso constriction Answer: A.Vasodilation "," In the inflammatory process the prostaglandins E1and E2 causes? A. Vasodilation B. Increased gastric output C. Decreased body temperature D. Vaso constriction Answer: A. Vasodilation " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All of the followings are responsible for Right shifting of O2 saturation curve; except? a - Hypoxia b - Hypocapnia c - Increase temp d - Increased 2,3 DPG Answer: Hypocapnia "," All of the followings are responsible for Right shifting of O2 saturation curve; except? A. Hypoxia B. Hypocapnia C. Increase temp D. Increased 2,3 DPG Answer: B. Hypocapnia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Malaria causing nephrotic syndrome? P. vivax P. Falciparum P. malariae P. Ovale Answer: c "," Malaria causing nephrotic syndrome? A. P. vivax B. P. Falciparum C. P. malariae D. P. Ovale Answer: C. P. malariae " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Direct standardization is used to compare the moality rates between two countries. This is done because of the difference in? 1 Cause of death 2 Numerators 3 Age distributions 4 Denominators Answer:3- Age distributions "," Direct standardization is used to compare the moality rates between two countries. This is done because of the difference in? A. Cause of death B. Numerators C. Age distributions D. Denominators Answer: C. Age distributions " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: 25 years old female has palatal ulcer and skin blister most likely diagnosis is –? Pemphigus vulgaris Pemphigus foliaceous Dermatitis herpetiformis Pemphigoid Answer: a "," 25 years old female has palatal ulcer and skin blister most likely diagnosis is –? A. Pemphigus vulgaris B. Pemphigus foliaceous C. Dermatitis herpetiformis D. Pemphigoid Answer: A. Pemphigus vulgaris " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Episodes of depression in major depressive disorder tend to? Increase in frequency with age Decrease in length with age Last for about 9 months when treated Have a rapid onset Answer: a "," Episodes of depression in major depressive disorder tend to? A. Increase in frequency with age B. Decrease in length with age C. Last for about 9 months when treated D. Have a rapid onset Answer: A. Increase in frequency with age " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most sensitive and specific test for diagnosis of iron deficiency is? Serum iron levels Serum ferritin levels Serum transferrin receptor population Transferrin saturation Answer: B.Serum ferritin levels "," Most sensitive and specific test for diagnosis of iron deficiency is? A. Serum iron levels B. Serum ferritin levels C. Serum transferrin receptor population D. Transferrin saturation Answer: B. Serum ferritin levels " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 34-year-old female has a history of intermittent episodes of severe abdominal pain. She has had multiple abdominal surgeries and exploratory procedures with no abnormal findings. Her urine appears dark during an attack and gets even darker if exposed to sunlight. The attacks seem to peak after she takes erythromycin, because of her penicillin allergy. This patient most likely has difficulty in synthesizing which one of the following? a)Heme b)Creatine phosphate c)Cysteine d)Thymine Answer:a, Heme The patient has acute intermittent porphyria, which is a defect in one of the early steps leading to heme synthesis. The buildup of the intermediate that cannot continue along the pathway leads to the dark urine, and it turns darker when ultraviolet (UV) light interacts with the conjugated double bonds in the molecule. Erythromycin is metabolized through an induced P450 system, which requires increased heme synthesis. This leads to metabolite buildup to the level where the abdominal pain appears. The defect in heme synthesis does not affect creatine phosphate, cysteine, thymine, or methionine levels. "," A 34-year-old female has a history of intermittent episodes of severe abdominal pain. She has had multiple abdominal surgeries and exploratory procedures with no abnormal findings. Her urine appears dark during an attack and gets even darker if exposed to sunlight. The attacks seem to peak after she takes erythromycin, because of her penicillin allergy. This patient most likely has difficulty in synthesizing which one of the following? A. Heme B. Creatine phosphate C. Cysteine D. Thymine Answer: A. Heme " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: 'Patterned' abrasion is variety of? A)Linear abrasion B)Pressure abrasion C)Sliding abrasion D)Superficial bruise Answer:B- Pressure abrasion Ans. is 'b' ie pressure abrasion (Ref: Parikh; 6/e, p4.3).An abrasion is a superficial injury involving only the superficial layers of the skin (epidermis only), caused by friction and / or pressure between the skin and some rough object or surface. It bleeds very slightly, heals rapidly in a few days and leaves no scar.They can be classified into 3 types, depending on the manner they are created.ScratchIs a linear injury produced by a sharp object, such as pin, thorn or finger nail.Graze (Sliding, scraping or grinding abrasion).Is produced when a broad surface of skin slides against a rough surface.It is also known as brush or friction burn because it is caused by the frictional force and resembles a burn after dryingIt is commonly found in road traffic accidents.Imprint, Pressure or contact abrasion.Is produced as a result of direct impact or pressure of or contact with some object at right angles to the skin surface.The cuticle is crushed, and the object marks a reproduction of its shape and pattern on the to the skin, therefore it is known as patterned abrasion.Example are ligature marks in hanging and strangulation, nail and thumbs marks in throttling, teeth marks in biting, radiator, grill or tyre mask in vehicular accidents. "," 'Patterned' abrasion is variety of? A. Linear abrasion B. Pressure abrasion C. Sliding abrasion D. Superficial bruise Answer: B. Pressure abrasion " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Drug of choice for pregnant female suspected of having a baby with congenital adrenal hyperplasia? Dexamethasone Betamethasone Hydrocoisone Prednisolone Answer: a "," Drug of choice for pregnant female suspected of having a baby with congenital adrenal hyperplasia? A. Dexamethasone B. Betamethasone C. Hydrocoisone D. Prednisolone Answer: A. Dexamethasone " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which step of the nursing process would involve revision of the nursing care plan? 1. Planning 2. Evaluation 3. Assessment 4. Implementation Answer: 2. Evaluation "," Which step of the nursing process would involve revision of the nursing care plan? A. Planning B. Evaluation C. Assessment D. Implementation Answer: b. Evaluation " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Thermoregulatory response activated by cold is? Cutaneous vasodilatation Anorexia Increased voluntary activity Increased respiration Answer: c "," Thermoregulatory response activated by cold is? A. Cutaneous vasodilatation B. Anorexia C. Increased voluntary activity D. Increased respiration Answer: C. Increased voluntary activity " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Leukoplakia appears white due to? Cornified layer which imbibes water. Thick epithelium Underlying connective tissue All of the above Answer: A, Cornified layer which imbibes water. "," Leukoplakia appears white due to? A. Cornified layer which imbibes water. B. Thick epithelium C. Underlying connective tissue D. All of the above Answer: A. Cornified layer which imbibes water. " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Wernicke&;s encephalopathy involves? 1 Mammillary body 2 Thalamus 3 Frontal lobe 4 Arcuate fasciculus Answer: Mammillary body Wernicke's encephalopathy : The neuropathological lesions are symmetrical and paraventricular, involving the mammillary bodies, the thalamus, the hypothalamus, the midbrain, the pons, the medulla, the fornix, and the cerebellum. Ref: Synopsis of Psychiatry, 11th edition, page 632. "," Wernicke&;s encephalopathy involves? A. Mammillary body B. Thalamus C. Frontal lobe D. Arcuate fasciculus Answer: A. Mammillary body " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Stomach is derived from ? A.Foregut B.Midgut C.Hindgut D.Allantois Answer:A. Foregut Foregut "," Stomach is derived from ? A. Foregut B. Midgut C. Hindgut D. Allantois Answer: A. Foregut " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -In ARDS, all are seen except? -Dilated bronchioles -Edema -Fibrosis -Alveolar damage Answer: a "," In ARDS, all are seen except? A. Dilated bronchioles B. Edema C. Fibrosis D. Alveolar damage Answer: A. Dilated bronchioles " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Ocular manifestation in giant cell arteritis? Arteritic AION Nonarteritic AION Papilledema Horners Syndrome Answer: a "," Ocular manifestation in giant cell arteritis? A. Arteritic AION B. Nonarteritic AION C. Papilledema D. Horners Syndrome Answer: A. Arteritic AION " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A term born 6-month-old, lethargic blonde infant, presented with multiple episodes of vomiting, poor feeding, convulsions and severe psychomotor retardation. O/E: - Microcephaly with prominent maxillae and widely spaced teeth Blue iris Seborrheic or eczematoid rash Spasticity, hyperreflexia, and tremor Musty odour of urine MRI brain All of the following statements are true about the disease except:? 1 May be caused due to the deficiency of cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin BH4 2 Tandem mass spectrometry is useful in the diagnosis. 3 The complications can't be prevented by restricting the use of the involved amino acid in diet. 4 Pegvaliase can be given in adults suffering from this. Answer: The complications can't be prevented by restricting the use of the involved amino acid in diet. This is a case of Phenylketonuria. Autosomal recessive Deficiency of Phenylalanine hydroxylase May also be due to deficiency of cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin BH4 Leads to hyperphenylalaninemia - Impairs brain development Normal at bih Becomes symptomatic later on in life Present with seizures, hypopigmentation of skin and hair, mental retardation. Complications can be avoided by restricting phenylalanine intake in diet. Diagnosed by: - Guthrie test Tandem mass spectrometry- measure amino acid Immunoassays MRI image shows affected periventricular/ parieto-occipital white matter (due to hypomyelination). Pegvaliase can be given in adults. "," A term born 6-month-old, lethargic blonde infant, presented with multiple episodes of vomiting, poor feeding, convulsions and severe psychomotor retardation. O/E: - Microcephaly with prominent maxillae and widely spaced teeth Blue iris Seborrheic or eczematoid rash Spasticity, hyperreflexia, and tremor Musty odour of urine MRI brain All of the following statements are true about the disease except:? A. May be caused due to the deficiency of cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin BH4 B. Tandem mass spectrometry is useful in the diagnosis. C. The complications can't be prevented by restricting the use of the involved amino acid in diet. D. Pegvaliase can be given in adults suffering from this. Answer: C. The complications can't be prevented by restricting the use of the involved amino acid in diet. " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A patient on lithium therapy was found to be hypeensive also. Which of the following antihypeensive drugs is contraindicated in a patient on lithium therapy in order to prevent toxicity? a)Clonidine b)Beta blockers c)Calcium channel blockers d)Diuretics Answer:d, Diuretics Diuretics (thiazide, furosemide) by causing Na+ loss promote proximal tubular reabsorption of Na+ as well as Li+ --plasma levels of lithium rise. ref : KD Tripati 8th ed. "," A patient on lithium therapy was found to be hypeensive also. Which of the following antihypeensive drugs is contraindicated in a patient on lithium therapy in order to prevent toxicity? A. Clonidine B. Beta blockers C. Calcium channel blockers D. Diuretics Answer: D. Diuretics " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Ptosis is due to? 1 3rd CN palsy 2 4th CN palsy 3 5th CN palsy 4 6th CN palsy Answer: 3rd CN palsy Ans. (a) 3rd CN palsy (oculomotor)Ref.:BDC 6th ed. Vol-III/361-62* Ptosis is drooping of eyelid.* Eyelid is comprised of 4 muscles:Muscles, their innervation and functionMuscleCN innervationFunction* LPSIIIOpens the eyelid* Muller's muscleT1 (NOT a CN; sympathetic nerve)Opens eyelid when LPS tired* FrontalisVIICloses the eyelid* Orbicularis oculiVIICloses the eyelid* CN III palsy leads to drooping of eyelid (Ptosis).* CN VII palsy may also cause ptosis.Also Know*All the extraocular muscles are supplied by CN III except lateral rectus and superior oblique.* Lateral rectus supplied by- CN VI* Superior oblique supplied by- CN IVRemember- LR6; So4 "," Ptosis is due to? A. 3rd CN palsy B. 4th CN palsy C. 5th CN palsy D. 6th CN palsy Answer: A. 3rd CN palsy " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: An expansion alliance made with an expansion screw is an example of? 1 Simple anchorage 2 Reciprocal anchorage 3 Multiple anchorage 4 Reinforced anchorage Answer:2- Reciprocal anchorage "," An expansion alliance made with an expansion screw is an example of? A. Simple anchorage B. Reciprocal anchorage C. Multiple anchorage D. Reinforced anchorage Answer: B. Reciprocal anchorage " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: High anticholinergic propey is present in the following antihistaminic agent? 1 Astemizole 2 Diphenhydramine 3 Terfenadine 4 Fexofenadine Answer:2 - Diphenhydramine "," High anticholinergic propey is present in the following antihistaminic agent? A. Astemizole B. Diphenhydramine C. Terfenadine D. Fexofenadine Answer: B. Diphenhydramine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Treatment of solitary rectal ulcer are A/E:a) Laxativesb) Rectopexyc) Bandingd) Sclerosant injectione) Enema? a-cd b-bc c-bd d-ac Answer:a, cd "," Treatment of solitary rectal ulcer are A/E:a) Laxativesb) Rectopexyc) Bandingd) Sclerosant injectione) Enema? A. cd B. bc C. bd D. ac Answer: A. cd " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Pott's spine is commonest at which spine? a-Thoracolumbar b-Sacral c-Cervical d-Lumbosacral Answer:a, Thoracolumbar "," Pott's spine is commonest at which spine? A. Thoracolumbar B. Sacral C. Cervical D. Lumbosacral Answer: A. Thoracolumbar " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Bilateral destruction of auditory cortex in man causes? a-Almost total deafness b-Hearing defect for higher frequency sounds c-Deficiency in interpretation of sounds d-Inability for the orientation of sounds Answer:c, Deficiency in interpretation of sounds "," Bilateral destruction of auditory cortex in man causes? A. Almost total deafness B. Hearing defect for higher frequency sounds C. Deficiency in interpretation of sounds D. Inability for the orientation of sounds Answer: C. Deficiency in interpretation of sounds " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In a patient with a type of familial dyslipidemias he presented with palmar Xanthomas and he ias at increased risk of atherosclerosis and CAD.In Lipid profile there was elevation of triacylglycerols and cholesterol.And the IDL and chylomicrons were elevated.What is the pathophysiology of the condition? A.LDL deficiency B.VLDL overproduction C.Apo C-2 deficiency D.Apo E deficiency Answer:D. Apo E deficiency "," In a patient with a type of familial dyslipidemias he presented with palmar Xanthomas and he ias at increased risk of atherosclerosis and CAD.In Lipid profile there was elevation of triacylglycerols and cholesterol.And the IDL and chylomicrons were elevated.What is the pathophysiology of the condition? A. LDL deficiency B. VLDL overproduction C. Apo C-2 deficiency D. Apo E deficiency Answer: D. Apo E deficiency " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Hypotension in acute spinal injury is due to? a-Loss of sympathetic tone b-Loss of parasympathetic tone c-Orthostatic hypotension d-Vasovagal attack Answer:a, Loss of sympathetic tone "," Hypotension in acute spinal injury is due to? A. Loss of sympathetic tone B. Loss of parasympathetic tone C. Orthostatic hypotension D. Vasovagal attack Answer: A. Loss of sympathetic tone " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Treatment of Non-union of # shaft femur? -Open reduction with external fixation -Excision of the bone -Bone grafting with internal fixation with K-Nail -All of the following Answer: c: Bone grafting with internal fixation with K-Nail "," Treatment of Non-union of # shaft femur? A. Open reduction with external fixation B. Excision of the bone C. Bone grafting with internal fixation with K-Nail D. All of the following Answer: C. Bone grafting with internal fixation with K-Nail " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Concerning contraction of the diaphragm? The nerves that are responsible emerge from the spinal cord at the level of the lower thorax It tends to flatten the diaphragm It reduces the lateral distance between the lower rib margins It causes the anterior abdominal wall to move in Answer: b "," Concerning contraction of the diaphragm? A. The nerves that are responsible emerge from the spinal cord at the level of the lower thorax B. It tends to flatten the diaphragm C. It reduces the lateral distance between the lower rib margins D. It causes the anterior abdominal wall to move in Answer: B. It tends to flatten the diaphragm " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -When patient is on isotretinoin therapy, monitoring of which of the following is done? -Liver function test -Lipid profile -Renal function tests -CBC Answer: B Lipid profile "," When patient is on isotretinoin therapy, monitoring of which of the following is done? A. Liver function test B. Lipid profile C. Renal function tests D. CBC Answer: B. Lipid profile " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -All are hepatotoxic except? -Halothane -Chlorform -Methoxyflurane -Isoflurane Answer: d: Isoflurane "," All are hepatotoxic except? A. Halothane B. Chlorform C. Methoxyflurane D. Isoflurane Answer: D. Isoflurane " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Lamina densa of the basal lamina beneath the epithelium is composed of? 1 Type I Collagen 2 Type II Collagen 3 Type III Collagen 4 Type IV Collagen Answer: Type IV Collagen "," Lamina densa of the basal lamina beneath the epithelium is composed of? A. Type I Collagen B. Type II Collagen C. Type III Collagen D. Type IV Collagen Answer: D. Type IV Collagen " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 55-year-old man with recent onset of atrial fibrillation presents with a cold, pulseless left lower extremity. He complains of left leg paresthesia and is unable to dorsiflex his toes. Following a successful popliteal embolectomy, with restoration of palpable pedal pulses, the patient is still unable to dorsi- flex his toes. The next step in management should be? Electromyography (EMG) Measurement of anterior compartment pressure Elevation of the left leg Immediate fasciotomy Answer: d "," A 55-year-old man with recent onset of atrial fibrillation presents with a cold, pulseless left lower extremity. He complains of left leg paresthesia and is unable to dorsiflex his toes. Following a successful popliteal embolectomy, with restoration of palpable pedal pulses, the patient is still unable to dorsi- flex his toes. The next step in management should be? A. Electromyography (EMG) B. Measurement of anterior compartment pressure C. Elevation of the left leg D. Immediate fasciotomy Answer: D. Immediate fasciotomy " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A patient was diagnosed with schizophrenia and was staed on haloperidol 5mg. On 3rd day he presented with uprolling of eyes. A complete neurological examination revealed no spasticity or any other abnormalities except uprolling of eyeballs. Visual acuity was found to be normal. What is your likely diagnosis? 1 Seizure 2 Acute dystonia 3 Malingering 4 Akathesia Answer:2- Acute dystonia "," A patient was diagnosed with schizophrenia and was staed on haloperidol 5mg. On 3rd day he presented with uprolling of eyes. A complete neurological examination revealed no spasticity or any other abnormalities except uprolling of eyeballs. Visual acuity was found to be normal. What is your likely diagnosis? A. Seizure B. Acute dystonia C. Malingering D. Akathesia Answer: B. Acute dystonia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Glucose sympo occurs with? A.Na+ B.Ca++ C.K+ D.Cl- Answer:A. Na+ A i.e. Na+ "," Glucose sympo occurs with? A. Na+ B. Ca++ C. K+ D. Cl- Answer: A. Na+ " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Vitamin K dependent coagulation factors include? -II and III -IX and X -III and V -VIII and XII Answer: B: IX and X "," Vitamin K dependent coagulation factors include? A. II and III B. IX and X C. III and V D. VIII and XII Answer: B. IX and X " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: According to WHO, membranous glomerulonephritis seen in SLE, is? a)Class II b)Class III c)Class IV d)Class V Answer:d, Class V Ans. is 'd' i.e., Class V "," According to WHO, membranous glomerulonephritis seen in SLE, is? A. Class II B. Class III C. Class IV D. Class V Answer: D. Class V " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Forceps delivery is done in all except? Mentoposterior Deep transverse arrest After coming head Maternal heart disease Answer: a "," Forceps delivery is done in all except? A. Mentoposterior B. Deep transverse arrest C. After coming head D. Maternal heart disease Answer: A. Mentoposterior " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All of the following causes coloured halos except? Corneal edema Retinal degeneration Foreign body Steroids Answer: b "," All of the following causes coloured halos except? A. Corneal edema B. Retinal degeneration C. Foreign body D. Steroids Answer: B. Retinal degeneration " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 35-year-old man with duodenal stump leak after partial gastrectomy is receiving central parenteral nutrition containing the standard D25W, 4.25% amino acid solution. Which is TRUE of essential fatty acid deficiency seen after hyperalimentation? 1 It occurs if soybean oil is given only once weekly. 2 It is usually noted at the end of the first week. 3 It causes dry scaly skin with loss of hair. 4 It is accompanied by hypercholesterolemia. Answer: It causes dry scaly skin with loss of hair. Essential fatty acid deficiency usually occurs if hyperalimentation is extended for more than 1 month and when soybean oil is not administered at least twice a week. There is a decrease in linolenic, linoleic, and arachidonic acids and an increase in oleic and palmitoleic acid. In addition to the skin changes, there may be poor wound healing, increased susceptibility to infection, lethargy, and thrombocytopenia. It is characterized by a triene-to-tetraene ratio >0.4. "," A 35-year-old man with duodenal stump leak after partial gastrectomy is receiving central parenteral nutrition containing the standard D25W, 4.25% amino acid solution. Which is TRUE of essential fatty acid deficiency seen after hyperalimentation? A. It occurs if soybean oil is given only once weekly. B. It is usually noted at the end of the first week. C. It causes dry scaly skin with loss of hair. D. It is accompanied by hypercholesterolemia. Answer: C. It causes dry scaly skin with loss of hair. " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which is true regarding Savage syndrome? 1 Receptor defect to gonadotrophic hormones 2 Sho stature 3 Ovaries do not contain follicles 4 FSH is normal Answer: Receptor defect to gonadotrophic hormones In Savage syndrome, there is receptor defect to gonadotrophic hormones. The clinical features resemble autoimmune disease. Height is normal. The ovaries contain follicles. FSH is raised. Ref: Shaw's Textbook of Gynaecology, 18th edition, p286 "," Which is true regarding Savage syndrome? A. Receptor defect to gonadotrophic hormones B. Sho stature C. Ovaries do not contain follicles D. FSH is normal Answer: A. Receptor defect to gonadotrophic hormones " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Treatment of acute asthma include all except? 1 Prednisolone 2 Salbutamol 3 Salmeterol 4 Ipratropium bromide Answer:3- Salmeterol "," Treatment of acute asthma include all except? A. Prednisolone B. Salbutamol C. Salmeterol D. Ipratropium bromide Answer: C. Salmeterol " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Commonest site for colonic diverticula is? Ascending colon Sigmoid colon Transverse colon Descending colon Answer: b "," Commonest site for colonic diverticula is? A. Ascending colon B. Sigmoid colon C. Transverse colon D. Descending colon Answer: B. Sigmoid colon " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -All are seen in vitamin C deficiency except? -Swollen bleeding gums -Delayed wound healing -Anemia -Infeility Answer: d "," All are seen in vitamin C deficiency except? A. Swollen bleeding gums B. Delayed wound healing C. Anemia D. Infeility Answer: D. Infeility " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Meniere's disease is characterized by all except? -Conductive deafness -Sensorineural deafness -Vertigo -Tinnitus Answer: A Conductive deafness "," Meniere's disease is characterized by all except? A. Conductive deafness B. Sensorineural deafness C. Vertigo D. Tinnitus Answer: A. Conductive deafness " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which is not ketogenic? 1 Leucine 2 Lysine 3 Methionine 4 Tryptophan Answer: Methionine Ans. is 'c >d' i.e., Methionine > TryptophanLeucine and lysine are purely ketogenic.Trypotophan is not purely ketogenic, but it is ketogenic along with glucogenic. Methionine is purely glucogenic. "," Which is not ketogenic? A. Leucine B. Lysine C. Methionine D. Tryptophan Answer: C. Methionine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: An upper motor neuron (UMN) lesion involving cranial nerve VII would most likely produce? a,Contralateral weakness of the lower half of the face with sparing of the upper half of the face bDecreased gag (pharyngeal) reflex with decreased taste sensation from the posterior one-third of the tongue,c.Hemianesthesia of the face with flaccid paralysis of the muscles of mastication,d. Ipsilateral anosmia with primary amenorrhea in females Answer: a, Contralateral weakness of the lower half of the face with sparing of the upper half of the face "," An upper motor neuron (UMN) lesion involving cranial nerve VII would most likely produce? A. Contralateral weakness of the lower half of the face with sparing of the upper half of the face B. Decreased gag (pharyngeal) reflex with decreased taste sensation from the posterior one-third of the tongue C. Hemianesthesia of the face with flaccid paralysis of the muscles of mastication D. Ipsilateral anosmia with primary amenorrhea in females Answer: A. Contralateral weakness of the lower half of the face with sparing of the upper half of the face " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Investigation of choice for esophageal rupture is? a - Dynamic MRI b - Rigid esophagoscopy c - Barium contrast swallow d - Water soluble low molecular weight contrast swallow Answer: Water soluble low molecular weight contrast swallow "," Investigation of choice for esophageal rupture is? A. Dynamic MRI B. Rigid esophagoscopy C. Barium contrast swallow D. Water soluble low molecular weight contrast swallow Answer: D. Water soluble low molecular weight contrast swallow " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Ferruginous bodies are seen in? a-Silicosis b-Bysinosis c-Asbestosis d-Baggassosis Answer:c, Asbestosis "," Ferruginous bodies are seen in? A. Silicosis B. Bysinosis C. Asbestosis D. Baggassosis Answer: C. Asbestosis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Contraception with increased risk of actinomycosis? a-OCPs b-Condom c-IUCD d-Vaginal Answer:c, IUCD "," Contraception with increased risk of actinomycosis? A. OCPs B. Condom C. IUCD D. Vaginal Answer: C. IUCD " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Vinyl chloride has been implicated in? A)Angiosarcoma of liver B)Angiofibroma of nose C)Hepatomas D)Bladder cancer Answer:A, Angiosarcoma of liver "," Vinyl chloride has been implicated in? A. Angiosarcoma of liver B. Angiofibroma of nose C. Hepatomas D. Bladder cancer Answer: A. Angiosarcoma of liver " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: ""Castration anxiety"" is seen in which phase of Sigmond Freud's psychosexual stages of development? A.Oral B.Anal C.Phallic D.Genital Answer:C. Phallic "," ""Castration anxiety"" is seen in which phase of Sigmond Freud's psychosexual stages of development? A. Oral B. Anal C. Phallic D. Genital Answer: C. Phallic " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The pharmakokinetic change occurring in geriatric patient is due to? A.Gastric absorption B.Liver metabolism C.Renal clearance D.Hypersensitivity Answer:C. Renal clearance One of the most impoant pharmacokinetic changes associated with aging is decreased renal elimination of drugs. After age 40, creatinine clearance decreases an average of 8 mL/min/1.73 m2/decade; however, the age-related decrease varies substantially from person to person. Serum creatinine levels often remain within normal limits despite a decrease in GFR because older adults generally have less muscle mass and are generally less physically active than younger adults and thus produce less creatinine. Maintenance of normal serum creatinine levels can mislead clinicians who assume those levels reflect normal kidney function. Decreases in tubular function with age parallel those in glomerular function. Refer katzung 11/e p1039 "," The pharmakokinetic change occurring in geriatric patient is due to? A. Gastric absorption B. Liver metabolism C. Renal clearance D. Hypersensitivity Answer: C. Renal clearance " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: If hemoglobin status of a population with mean value is 10.3 gm % with SD 2 gm%, then 5% population will be below what value of Hb? A)6.67 B)7.35 C)9 D)8.6 Answer:B, 7.35 "," If hemoglobin status of a population with mean value is 10.3 gm % with SD 2 gm%, then 5% population will be below what value of Hb? A. 6.67 B. 7.35 C. 9 D. 8.6 Answer: B. 7.35 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Antidepressant drug used in nocturnal enuresis is? A)Imipramine B)Fluoxetine C)Trazodone D)Seraline Answer:A, Imipramine "," Antidepressant drug used in nocturnal enuresis is? A. Imipramine B. Fluoxetine C. Trazodone D. Seraline Answer: A. Imipramine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Savita is 32 weeks pregnant presents in causality and diagnosed as a case of APH. Vitals are unstable with BP 80/60 which of the following is next step in M/n? A.Careful observation B.Blood transfusion C.Medical induction of labour D.Immediate cesarean section Answer:B. Blood transfusion Ans. is b i.e. Blood transfusion "," Savita is 32 weeks pregnant presents in causality and diagnosed as a case of APH. Vitals are unstable with BP 80/60 which of the following is next step in M/n? A. Careful observation B. Blood transfusion C. Medical induction of labour D. Immediate cesarean section Answer: B. Blood transfusion " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Father of modern toxicology? 1 Paracelsus 2 Galton 3 Orfila 4 Guftason Answer:3- Orfila "," Father of modern toxicology? A. Paracelsus B. Galton C. Orfila D. Guftason Answer: C. Orfila " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The most common mechanical failure for metal-ceramic restorations is? a,Debonding of the porcelain from the metal. bShrinkage of the porcelain at mouth temperature.,c.Debonding of the PFM from the tooth.,d. None of the above Answer: a, Debonding of the porcelain from the metal. "," The most common mechanical failure for metal-ceramic restorations is? A. Debonding of the porcelain from the metal. B. Shrinkage of the porcelain at mouth temperature. C. Debonding of the PFM from the tooth. D. None of the above Answer: A. Debonding of the porcelain from the metal. " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -All are associated with EBV except? -Infectious mononucleosis -Nasopharyngeal carcinoma -Oral hairy leukoplakia -Epidermodysplasi Answer: d "," All are associated with EBV except? A. Infectious mononucleosis B. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma C. Oral hairy leukoplakia D. Epidermodysplasi Answer: D. Epidermodysplasi " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Powders of dental plaster and dental stone differ mainly in? -Solubility -Shelf life -Chemical formula -Particle porosity Answer: D: Particle porosity "," Powders of dental plaster and dental stone differ mainly in? A. Solubility B. Shelf life C. Chemical formula D. Particle porosity Answer: D. Particle porosity " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A mutation that results in a value replacement for glutamic acid at position 6 of the B chain of hemoglobin 5 hinders normal hemoglobin function and results in sickle-cell anemia when the patient is homozygous for this mutation. This is an example of which of the following types of mutation? a-Deletion b-Frameshift c-Inseion d-Missense Answer:d, Missense "," A mutation that results in a value replacement for glutamic acid at position 6 of the B chain of hemoglobin 5 hinders normal hemoglobin function and results in sickle-cell anemia when the patient is homozygous for this mutation. This is an example of which of the following types of mutation? A. Deletion B. Frameshift C. Inseion D. Missense Answer: D. Missense " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which technique would the student nurse use to develop critical thinking skills and bring theory into practice? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a. Concept mapping b. Reflective journaling c. Meeting with patients d. Discussing with colleagues e. Memorizing clinically relevant facts Answer: : a. Concept Mapping b. Reflective Journaling c. Meeting with Patients d. Discussing with colleagues. "," Which technique would the student nurse use to develop critical thinking skills and bring theory into practice? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. Concept mapping B. Reflective journaling C. Meeting with patients D. Discussing with colleagues E. Memorizing clinically relevant facts Answer: B. Reflective journaling, C. Meeting with patients, D. Discussing with colleagues " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Tumor suppressor gene p53 prevents carcinoma by? a - DNA repair b - Cell cycle arrest c - Apoptosis induction d - All of the above Answer: All of the above "," Tumor suppressor gene p53 prevents carcinoma by? A. DNA repair B. Cell cycle arrest C. Apoptosis induction D. All of the above Answer: D. All of the above " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Most important in diagnosing Acute Hepatitis B is? -IgG Anti-HBc -Anti HBs -IgM Anti-HBc -HBsAg Answer: C IgM Anti-HBc "," Most important in diagnosing Acute Hepatitis B is? A. IgG Anti-HBc B. Anti HBs C. IgM Anti-HBc D. HBsAg Answer: C. IgM Anti-HBc " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All is true regarding case fatality rate except ? Represents killing power of disease Closely related to viruleance Very useful for chronic diseases May vary in different epidemic for same disease Answer: C, Very useful for chronic diseases "," All is true regarding case fatality rate except ? A. Represents killing power of disease B. Closely related to viruleance C. Very useful for chronic diseases D. May vary in different epidemic for same disease Answer: C. Very useful for chronic diseases " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following drugs can be administered by subcutaneous route? A.Albuterol B.Metaproterenol C.Terbutaline D.Pirbuterol Answer:C. Terbutaline "," Which of the following drugs can be administered by subcutaneous route? A. Albuterol B. Metaproterenol C. Terbutaline D. Pirbuterol Answer: C. Terbutaline " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The functional health pattern assessment data states: ""Eats three meals a day and is of normal weight for height."" The nurse should draw which of the following conclusions about this data? Select all that apply. A. Client has an actual health problem B. Client has a wellness diagnosis C. Collaborative health problem needs to be written D. Possible nursing diagnosis exists E. Specific questions about the diet should be asked next Answer: B. Client has a wellness diagnosis E. Specific questions about the diet should be asked next Rationale: The description indicates a healthy pattern of nutrition for the client. A wellness diagnosis might be stated as: ""Potential for enhanced nutrition."" An actual health problem is a client problem that is currently present. The nurse should also do a diet assessment to determine the quality of the food eaten during meals. These actions by the nurse are within the scope of independent nursing practice and are not collaborative in nature. "," The functional health pattern assessment data states: ""Eats three meals a day and is of normal weight for height."" The nurse should draw which of the following conclusions about this data? Select all that apply. A. Client has an actual health problem B. Client has a wellness diagnosis C. Collaborative health problem needs to be written D. Possible nursing diagnosis exists E. Specific questions about the diet should be asked next Answer: B. Client has a wellness diagnosis E. Specific questions about the diet should be asked next " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of these following is an example of a leading question? How did you get cuts on T shi Cause of injury Whether it is caused by knife Size of incised wound Answer: C, Whether it is caused by knife "," Which of these following is an example of a leading question? A. How did you get cuts on T shi B. Cause of injury C. Whether it is caused by knife D. Size of incised wound Answer: C. Whether it is caused by knife " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The tendon of Sartorius, gracilis, and semi-tendinosus muscles forms a Pes Anserinus at the neck of tibia. Similar kind of structure is also seen in? a-Parotid b-Submandibular c-Cheek d-TMJ Answer:a, Parotid "," The tendon of Sartorius, gracilis, and semi-tendinosus muscles forms a Pes Anserinus at the neck of tibia. Similar kind of structure is also seen in? A. Parotid B. Submandibular C. Cheek D. TMJ Answer: A. Parotid " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: At what level of b-hCG is it that normal pregnancy can be earliest detected by TVS (transvaginal USG)? 500 IU/mL 1000 IU/mL 1500 IU/mL 2000 IU/mL Answer: B, 1000 IU/mL "," At what level of b-hCG is it that normal pregnancy can be earliest detected by TVS (transvaginal USG)? A. 500 IU/mL B. 1000 IU/mL C. 1500 IU/mL D. 2000 IU/mL Answer: B. 1000 IU/mL " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -30 Yr old man which is most likely organism causing infection of epididymis? -E.coli -Gonococci -Chlamydia -Ureaplasma ureolyticum Answer: C Chlamydia "," 30 Yr old man which is most likely organism causing infection of epididymis? A. E.coli B. Gonococci C. Chlamydia D. Ureaplasma ureolyticum Answer: C. Chlamydia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Conjunctiva epithelium is? 1 Pseudostratified 2 Stratified columnar 3 Stratified non keratinized squamous 4 Transitional Answer: Stratified non keratinized squamous C i.e. Stratified non keratinized epithelium Conjunctival epithelium is stratified non keratinized squamous epitheliumQ. Conjunctiva has palpebral (marginal, tarsal, orbital), bulbar & fornix pas. Marginal palpebral conjunctiva has transitional zone (not epithelium) covered with stratified epithelium with characteristics of both skin & conjunctiva. "," Conjunctiva epithelium is? A. Pseudostratified B. Stratified columnar C. Stratified non keratinized squamous D. Transitional Answer: C. Stratified non keratinized squamous " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Recommended level of fluoride in drinking water? -0.2-0.5 mg/L -0.5-0.8 mg/L -0.8-1.2 mg/L -1.2-2.0 mg/L Answer: B: 0.5-0.8 mg/L "," Recommended level of fluoride in drinking water? A. 0.2-0.5 mg/L B. 0.5-0.8 mg/L C. 0.8-1.2 mg/L D. 1.2-2.0 mg/L Answer: B. 0.5-0.8 mg/L " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following induction agent produce cardiac stability? a-Ketamine b-Etomidate c-Propofol d-Midazolam Answer:b, Etomidate "," Which of the following induction agent produce cardiac stability? A. Ketamine B. Etomidate C. Propofol D. Midazolam Answer: B. Etomidate " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following muscle acts as unlocker of knee? A.Gracilis B.Popliteus C.Saorius D.Biceps femoris Answer:B. Popliteus "," Which of the following muscle acts as unlocker of knee? A. Gracilis B. Popliteus C. Saorius D. Biceps femoris Answer: B. Popliteus " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The term that best describes the nuclear dissolution is? 1 Pyknosis 2 Karyorrhexis 3 Karyolysis 4 None of the above Answer: Karyolysis Pyknosis is condensation of nucleus. Karyorrhexis is fragmentation of nucleus. Karyolysis is dissolution of nucleus. "," The term that best describes the nuclear dissolution is? A. Pyknosis B. Karyorrhexis C. Karyolysis D. None of the above Answer: C. Karyolysis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Splenunculi are commonly seen in? A)Hilum of spleen B)Tail of spleen C)Mesocolon D)Splenic ligaments Answer:A, Hilum of spleen "," Splenunculi are commonly seen in? A. Hilum of spleen B. Tail of spleen C. Mesocolon D. Splenic ligaments Answer: A. Hilum of spleen " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 28 year old labourer, 3 yrs back presented with penile ulcer which was not treated. Later he presented with neurological symptoms for which he got treated. Which is the test to monitor response to treatment? a-VDRL b-FTA ABS c-TPI d-RPR Answer:a, VDRL "," A 28 year old labourer, 3 yrs back presented with penile ulcer which was not treated. Later he presented with neurological symptoms for which he got treated. Which is the test to monitor response to treatment? A. VDRL B. FTA ABS C. TPI D. RPR Answer: A. VDRL " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: True about the statement is: When null hypothesis is rejected when it is true? a-Type I alpha error b-Type II beta error c-Gamma error d-All of the above Answer:a, Type I alpha error "," True about the statement is: When null hypothesis is rejected when it is true? A. Type I alpha error B. Type II beta error C. Gamma error D. All of the above Answer: A. Type I alpha error " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In a patient of cholangitis, surgical intervention was performed. In post-operative period, on 10th day this investigation was performed. What is the name of this investigation? ERCP MRCP T-tube cholangiogram PTC Answer: C, T-tube cholangiogram "," In a patient of cholangitis, surgical intervention was performed. In post-operative period, on 10th day this investigation was performed. What is the name of this investigation? A. ERCP B. MRCP C. T-tube cholangiogram D. PTC Answer: C. T-tube cholangiogram " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All of the swelling moves with deglutition except: March 2012? a-Thyroglossal cyst b-Thyroid swelling c-Branchial cyst d-Tuberculous lymph nodes Answer:c, Branchial cyst "," All of the swelling moves with deglutition except: March 2012? A. Thyroglossal cyst B. Thyroid swelling C. Branchial cyst D. Tuberculous lymph nodes Answer: C. Branchial cyst " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Oesophageal motility disorder are best diagnosed by? A)Barium studies B)Endoscopy C)24 hour pH monitoring D)Manometry Answer:B, Endoscopy "," Oesophageal motility disorder are best diagnosed by? A. Barium studies B. Endoscopy C. 24 hour pH monitoring D. Manometry Answer: B. Endoscopy " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Day care anesthesia is best achieved with? 1 Enflurane 2 Isoflurane 3 Propofol 4 Methoxyflurane Answer:3- Propofol "," Day care anesthesia is best achieved with? A. Enflurane B. Isoflurane C. Propofol D. Methoxyflurane Answer: C. Propofol " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Gingival sulcus is V shaped and it barely permits the entrance of a? a - Periodontal hoe b - Periodontal curette c - Periodontal probe d - Periodontal sickle Answer: Periodontal probe "," Gingival sulcus is V shaped and it barely permits the entrance of a? A. Periodontal hoe B. Periodontal curette C. Periodontal probe D. Periodontal sickle Answer: C. Periodontal probe " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Egg on side appearance of heart is seen in the radiograph of? -TAPVC -TGA -ASD -VSD Answer: B TGA "," Egg on side appearance of heart is seen in the radiograph of? A. TAPVC B. TGA C. ASD D. VSD Answer: B. TGA " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: You are conducting a survey in your village and the person you are interviewing is a 32 year old post graduate working as a clerk. His total family income is 20,000 Rs per month. According to Kuppuswamy's socio economic status scale, he belongs to? a-Upper socioeconomic class b-Upper socioeconomic class c-Lower middle socioeconomic class d-Upper lower socioeconomic class Answer:b, Upper socioeconomic class "," You are conducting a survey in your village and the person you are interviewing is a 32 year old post graduate working as a clerk. His total family income is 20,000 Rs per month. According to Kuppuswamy's socio economic status scale, he belongs to? A. Upper socioeconomic class B. Upper socioeconomic class C. Lower middle socioeconomic class D. Upper lower socioeconomic class Answer: B. Upper socioeconomic class " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Pre-exposure prophylaxis for rabies is given on days? A.0, 3, 7, 14, 28, 90 B.0, 3, 7, 28, 90 C.0, 3 D.0, 7, 28 Answer:D. 0, 7, 28 New recommended regimen/Schedule (New guidelines( Type of prophylaxis Regimen Post exposure Intramuscular Essen Regimen (1-1-1-1-1) Day 0,3,7,14,28 Post exposure intradermal Updated Thai Red Cross Regimen (2-2-2-0-2) Day 0,3,7,28 Post exposure in vaccinated individuals Day 0,3 Pre-exposure prophylaxis Day 0,7,21/28 Minimum potency: 2.5 IU per IM dose Zagreb regimen of rabies Vaccine (Intramuscular Post-exposure) : 1. 4-dose abbreted multisite regimen 2-0-1-0-1 (2 doses on Day 0,1 dose on Day 7, 1 dose on day 21 Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 297-298 "," Pre-exposure prophylaxis for rabies is given on days? A. 0, 3, 7, 14, 28, 90 B. 0, 3, 7, 28, 90 C. 0, 3 D. 0, 7, 28 Answer: D. 0, 7, 28 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Measures involved in sentinel surveillance includes all of the following except.? A)Identifying missing cases in notification of diseases B)Identifying new cases of infection C)Identifying old and new cases D)Identifying cases free of disability Answer:D, Identifying cases free of disability "," Measures involved in sentinel surveillance includes all of the following except.? A. Identifying missing cases in notification of diseases B. Identifying new cases of infection C. Identifying old and new cases D. Identifying cases free of disability Answer: D. Identifying cases free of disability " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The best marker to diagnose thyroid related order is? T3 T4 TSH Thyroglobulin Answer: C, TSH "," The best marker to diagnose thyroid related order is? A. T3 B. T4 C. TSH D. Thyroglobulin Answer: C. TSH " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Daclizumab acts through ? 1 cGMP activation 2 Adenylcyclase inhibition 3 IL 2 receptor blocker 4 IL10 receptor blocker Answer: IL 2 receptor blocker Ans. is 'c' i.e., IL 2 receptor blocker Monoclonal antibodies (daclizumab and basiliximab) that block the interleukin 2 receptor and are used in prevention of graft rejection as immunosuppresant. "," Daclizumab acts through ? A. cGMP activation B. Adenylcyclase inhibition C. IL 2 receptor blocker D. IL10 receptor blocker Answer: C. IL 2 receptor blocker " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Features of mycotic aneurysm are all except? a-Bacterial endocarditis is common etiology b-Commonly it is fusiform aneurysm c-Aorta and visceral vessels affected commonly d-Multilobed aneurysm with narrow neck Answer:b, Commonly it is fusiform aneurysm "," Features of mycotic aneurysm are all except? A. Bacterial endocarditis is common etiology B. Commonly it is fusiform aneurysm C. Aorta and visceral vessels affected commonly D. Multilobed aneurysm with narrow neck Answer: B. Commonly it is fusiform aneurysm " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A young patient presented with sudden painless loss of vision with systolic murmur over chest, ocular examination reveals - cherry red spot in macula with clear AC, with perception of light, diagnosis? Central retinal aery occlusion Central retinal vein occlusion Macular choroiditis with infective endocarditis Central serous retinopathy Answer: A.Central retinal aery occlusion "," A young patient presented with sudden painless loss of vision with systolic murmur over chest, ocular examination reveals - cherry red spot in macula with clear AC, with perception of light, diagnosis? A. Central retinal aery occlusion B. Central retinal vein occlusion C. Macular choroiditis with infective endocarditis D. Central serous retinopathy Answer: A. Central retinal aery occlusion " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following agents is most commonly associated with recurrent meningitis due to CSF leaks? A.Meningococci B.Pneumococci C.Hemophilus Influenza D.E. Coli Answer:B. Pneumococci Intracranial CSF leaks cause bacterial meningitis, about 80% are caused by S. Pneumoniae. Other causative organisms are meningococcus, Hemophilus species and S.aurues. Ref: Clinical Pediatric Neurology By Ronald B. David, Page 217 "," Which of the following agents is most commonly associated with recurrent meningitis due to CSF leaks? A. Meningococci B. Pneumococci C. Hemophilus Influenza D. E. Coli Answer: B. Pneumococci " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A patient presents with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and presence of urobilinogen in urine. Which amongst the following is the least likely diagnosis? a - Hemolytic jaundice b - Crigler Najjar syndrome c - Gilbert's syndrome d - Dubin Johnson syndrome Answer: Dubin Johnson syndrome "," A patient presents with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and presence of urobilinogen in urine. Which amongst the following is the least likely diagnosis? A. Hemolytic jaundice B. Crigler Najjar syndrome C. Gilbert's syndrome D. Dubin Johnson syndrome Answer: D. Dubin Johnson syndrome " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Granular deposit of IgA at dermoepidermal junction is seen in? -Pemphigus vulgaris -Bullous pemphigoid -Dermatitis herpatiformis -Pemphigus foliaceous Answer: c: Dermatitis herpatiformis "," Granular deposit of IgA at dermoepidermal junction is seen in? A. Pemphigus vulgaris B. Bullous pemphigoid C. Dermatitis herpatiformis D. Pemphigus foliaceous Answer: C. Dermatitis herpatiformis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Radical retroperitoneal lymphnode dissection is indicated for all the following testicular tumours except? Choriocarcinoma Teratoma Teratocarcinoma Seminoma Answer: D, Seminoma "," Radical retroperitoneal lymphnode dissection is indicated for all the following testicular tumours except? A. Choriocarcinoma B. Teratoma C. Teratocarcinoma D. Seminoma Answer: D. Seminoma " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Tripod fracture is the name given for? a-Zygomatic fracture b-Maxillary fracture c-Mandibularfracture d-Temporal fracture Answer:a, Zygomatic fracture "," Tripod fracture is the name given for? A. Zygomatic fracture B. Maxillary fracture C. Mandibularfracture D. Temporal fracture Answer: A. Zygomatic fracture " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Ramachandran is on the surgical ward with non-seminomatous tumor of testis and more than 4 retroperitoneal lymph nodes involved. You are the resident who is making a decision about fuher management. The treatment include all of the following, except? a)Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection (RPLND) b)Inguinal orchiectomy c)Chemotherapy d)Radiotherapy Answer:d, Radiotherapy Inguinal orchiectomy with high ligation of the cord at the internal ring is the initial management of testicular tumour. Multi Agent chemotherapy and followed by surgical resection is one modality of treatment. Ref: Bailey & Love, 25th Edition, Page 1269. "," Ramachandran is on the surgical ward with non-seminomatous tumor of testis and more than 4 retroperitoneal lymph nodes involved. You are the resident who is making a decision about fuher management. The treatment include all of the following, except? A. Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection (RPLND) B. Inguinal orchiectomy C. Chemotherapy D. Radiotherapy Answer: D. Radiotherapy " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Which of the following nerves has the best prognosis for repair after injury? -Ulnar -Radial -Median -Lateral popliteal Answer: b "," Which of the following nerves has the best prognosis for repair after injury? A. Ulnar B. Radial C. Median D. Lateral popliteal Answer: B. Radial " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Why do nurses need to care for their own health needs? Select all that apply. To deemphasize the importance of care provided by health care providers A)To allow them to give effective nursing care to others B)To enable them to practice more efficiently C)To make them look more appealing to the public D)To help them serve as role models for clients Answer: A, B, D "," Why do nurses need to care for their own health needs? Select all that apply. To deemphasize the importance of care provided by health care providers A. To allow them to give effective nursing care to others B. To enable them to practice more efficiently C. To make them look more appealing to the public D. To help them serve as role models for clients Answer: A. To allow them to give effective nursing care to others, B. To enable them to practice more efficiently, D. To help them serve as role models for clients " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Five days after an uneventful cholecystectomy, an asymptomatic middle-aged woman is found to have a serum sodium level of 125 mEq/L. Which of the following is the most appropriate management strategy for this patient? A)Administration of hypeonic saline solution B)Restriction of free water C)Plasma ultrafiltration D)Hemodialysis Answer:B, Restriction of free water "," Five days after an uneventful cholecystectomy, an asymptomatic middle-aged woman is found to have a serum sodium level of 125 mEq/L. Which of the following is the most appropriate management strategy for this patient? A. Administration of hypeonic saline solution B. Restriction of free water C. Plasma ultrafiltration D. Hemodialysis Answer: B. Restriction of free water " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Bicipital aponeurosis lies over which structure in cubital fossa:? A)Median cubital vein B)Radial nerve C)Brachial aery D)Anterior interosseous aery Answer:C- Brachial aery Bicipital aponeurosis lies superficial to the brachial aery and median nerve. -lies deep to superficial veins. -provides protection for the deeper structures during venepuncture at cubital fossa. -routinely released to decompress the median nerve "," Bicipital aponeurosis lies over which structure in cubital fossa:? A. Median cubital vein B. Radial nerve C. Brachial aery D. Anterior interosseous aery Answer: C. Brachial aery " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Risk factor prevention at which level? 1 Primordial 2 Primary 3 Secondary 4 Tertiary Answer:1- Primordial "," Risk factor prevention at which level? A. Primordial B. Primary C. Secondary D. Tertiary Answer: A. Primordial " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A clinical study involves patients diagnosed with carcinoma whose tumor stage is T4N1M1. The patients' survival rate 5 years from the time of diagnosis is less than 50%, regardless of therapy. Which of the following clinical findings is most likely to be characteristic of this group of patients? Cachexia Cardiac murmur Icterus Loss of sensation Answer: a "," A clinical study involves patients diagnosed with carcinoma whose tumor stage is T4N1M1. The patients' survival rate 5 years from the time of diagnosis is less than 50%, regardless of therapy. Which of the following clinical findings is most likely to be characteristic of this group of patients? A. Cachexia B. Cardiac murmur C. Icterus D. Loss of sensation Answer: A. Cachexia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 70 year old male chronic smoker is diagnosed of having cancer of the urinary bladder. It is confined to the trigone and extention is upto the submucosa. The management would be? a,Complete Transurethral resction bComplete Transurethral resection with intravesical chemotherapy,c.Palliative Radiotherapy,d. Radical Cystectomy Answer: b, Complete Transurethral resection with intravesical chemotherapy "," A 70 year old male chronic smoker is diagnosed of having cancer of the urinary bladder. It is confined to the trigone and extention is upto the submucosa. The management would be? A. Complete Transurethral resction B. Complete Transurethral resection with intravesical chemotherapy C. Palliative Radiotherapy D. Radical Cystectomy Answer: B. Complete Transurethral resection with intravesical chemotherapy " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The current Global strategy for malaria control is called –? a-Modified plan of operation b-Malaria Eradication Programme c-Malaria Control Programme d-Roll back Malaria Answer:d, Roll back Malaria "," The current Global strategy for malaria control is called –? A. Modified plan of operation B. Malaria Eradication Programme C. Malaria Control Programme D. Roll back Malaria Answer: D. Roll back Malaria " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: False about Immunoglobulins is? a,Y shaped heterodimer composed of four polypeptide chains bAll four H and L chains are bound to each by disulfide bonds,c.Antibody contains two types of light chain and one type of heavy chain,d. There are 5 classes of H chains and two classes of light chains Answer: c, Antibody contains two types of light chain and one type of heavy chain "," False about Immunoglobulins is? A. Y shaped heterodimer composed of four polypeptide chains B. All four H and L chains are bound to each by disulfide bonds C. Antibody contains two types of light chain and one type of heavy chain D. There are 5 classes of H chains and two classes of light chains Answer: C. Antibody contains two types of light chain and one type of heavy chain " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Interstitial keratitis is commonly seen in: March 2005? Fungal keratitis Congenital syphilis Phlyctenular keratitis Trachoma Answer: B, Congenital syphilis "," Interstitial keratitis is commonly seen in: March 2005? A. Fungal keratitis B. Congenital syphilis C. Phlyctenular keratitis D. Trachoma Answer: B. Congenital syphilis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Post coital test showing non motile sperms in the cervical smear and Motile sperms from the posterior fornix suggests? a-Faulty coital practice b-Immunological defect c-Hypospadias d-Azoospermia Answer:a, Faulty coital practice "," Post coital test showing non motile sperms in the cervical smear and Motile sperms from the posterior fornix suggests? A. Faulty coital practice B. Immunological defect C. Hypospadias D. Azoospermia Answer: A. Faulty coital practice " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Dobutamine differs from dopamine in that? a - It has good blood-brain barrier penetrability b - It causes pronounced tachycardia c - It does not activate adrenergic b receptors d - It does not activate peripheral dopaminergic receptors Answer: It does not activate peripheral dopaminergic receptors "," Dobutamine differs from dopamine in that? A. It has good blood-brain barrier penetrability B. It causes pronounced tachycardia C. It does not activate adrenergic b receptors D. It does not activate peripheral dopaminergic receptors Answer: D. It does not activate peripheral dopaminergic receptors " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following hormonal activity is expected immediately prior to Ovulation? A.LH surge B.FSH surge C.Progestrone surge D.Estrogen surge Answer:A. LH surge Ovulation occurs due to the effect of increased concentration of LH. In the pre-ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle, the ovarian follicle will undergo a series of transformations called cumulus expansion, which is stimulated by FSH. This is followed by LH surge. "," Which of the following hormonal activity is expected immediately prior to Ovulation? A. LH surge B. FSH surge C. Progestrone surge D. Estrogen surge Answer: A. LH surge " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Blow out fracture of orbit commonly produces? 1 Deviation of septum 2 Retinal haemorrhage 3 Fracture of nasal bones 4 Fracture of floor of orbit Answer: Fracture of floor of orbit (D) Fracture of floor of orbit # Blow out fracture of orbit; Intraorbital haemorrhages, proptosis, paralysis of extrinsic muscles and fracture of the floor of the orbit are not infrequent following a blunt injury to the orbital region> Proptosis develops due to reactive oedema and intra-orbital haemorrhage.> Partial or complete ophthalmoplegia occurs as a result of injury to the muscles or due to profuse orbital oedema.> In the fracture of the floor of orbit, the eyeball is depressed into the maxillary antrum & the inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles are entrapped causing diplopia.> There occurs limitation of upward gaze, and downward gaze may also be reduced because of the pinched inferior rectus muscle in between the chips of the broken bone> A positive forced duction test, downwards and inwards displacement of the globe and radiological evidence virtually confirm the diagnosis of blowout fracture with incarcerated orbital tissue.> The fracture of the base of skull implicates optic foramen and may cause optic atrophy or pulsating exophthalmos.> The fracture of the optic canal is characterised by a wound at the lateral part of the eyebrow, loss of direct homolateral pupillary reaction and hemianopic field defects.> The patient may suffer from epistaxis and varying periods of unconsciousness.> The pallor of the optic disc may be noticed 2-3 weeks after the injury. Serial radiological tomograms taken at one minute intervals may confirm the diagnosis. "," Blow out fracture of orbit commonly produces? A. Deviation of septum B. Retinal haemorrhage C. Fracture of nasal bones D. Fracture of floor of orbit Answer: D. Fracture of floor of orbit " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Treatable causes of dementia are -a) Alzheimer's ds.b) Hypothyroidismc) Multi-infarct dementia d) SDH (subdural h'ge) e) Hydrocephalus? -abc -ade -bde -bce Answer: C: bde "," Treatable causes of dementia are -a) Alzheimer's ds.b) Hypothyroidismc) Multi-infarct dementia d) SDH (subdural h'ge) e) Hydrocephalus? A. abc B. ade C. bde D. bce Answer: C. bde " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Primary health care was proposed in 1978 at? A.Alma ata B.New York C.Geneva D.Delhi Answer:A. Alma ata "," Primary health care was proposed in 1978 at? A. Alma ata B. New York C. Geneva D. Delhi Answer: A. Alma ata " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Posterior relations of the head of the pancreas include all of the following, except? A)First pa of the duodenum B)Common bile duct C)Inferior vena cava D)Aoa Answer:A- First pa of the duodenum The posterior relations of the head of the pancreas include the common bile duct, inferior vena cava and the right and left renal veins terminating into it. The first pa of the duodenum is an anterior relation of the head of the pancreas.Ref: Clinical Anatomy, By Richard S. Snell, 6th edition, Page 230; Clinical Anatomy (A Problem Solving Approach), By Neeta V Kulkarni, 2nd edition, Page 689. "," Posterior relations of the head of the pancreas include all of the following, except? A. First pa of the duodenum B. Common bile duct C. Inferior vena cava D. Aoa Answer: A. First pa of the duodenum " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Length of naso lacrimal duct is? 10 mm 11 mm 12 mm 9 mm Answer: C, 12 mm "," Length of naso lacrimal duct is? A. 10 mm B. 11 mm C. 12 mm D. 9 mm Answer: C. 12 mm " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: True about diabetic nephropathy? 1 Microalbuminiuria is not an indicator of long term cardiovascular morbidity. 2 Strict glycemic control cannot prevent microalbuminuria 3 b-islet cell\/pancreatic transplantation can improve the proteinuria in early stage. 4 Angiotensin receptor blockers have no additive advantage over other drugs except B.P. control. Answer:3- b-islet cell\/pancreatic transplantation can improve the proteinuria in early stage. "," True about diabetic nephropathy? A. Microalbuminiuria is not an indicator of long term cardiovascular morbidity. B. Strict glycemic control cannot prevent microalbuminuria C. b-islet cell\/pancreatic transplantation can improve the proteinuria in early stage. D. Angiotensin receptor blockers have no additive advantage over other drugs except B.P. control. Answer: C. b-islet cell\/pancreatic transplantation can improve the proteinuria in early stage. " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A preterm baby is born with synchronised upper chest movement, minimal nasal flare, expiratory grunting heard by the stethoscope, but has no chest or xiphoid retractions. The Silverman score is? a)1 b)2 c)3 d)4 Answer:b, 2 The Silverman Anderson retraction score of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS): Upper chest Lower chest Xiphoid retraction Nares dilatation Expiratory grunt Grade 0 Synchronised No retraction None None None Grade 1 Lag on inspiration Just visible Just visible Minimal By stethoscope Grade 2 See-saw Marked Marked Marked Without stethoscope Mild RDS: Score 1-3 Moderate RDS: 4-7 Severe RDS: 7-10 Ref: Advances in Pediatrics by Dutta By Jaypee Brothers, Medical Publishers, 2007, Page 89. "," A preterm baby is born with synchronised upper chest movement, minimal nasal flare, expiratory grunting heard by the stethoscope, but has no chest or xiphoid retractions. The Silverman score is? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Answer: B. 2 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following predisposes to placenta previa? 1 Primigravida 2 Singleton pregnancy 3 Diabetesmellitus 4 Past cesarean pregnancy Answer:4 - Past cesarean pregnancy Ans: D "," Which of the following predisposes to placenta previa? A. Primigravida B. Singleton pregnancy C. Diabetesmellitus D. Past cesarean pregnancy Answer: D. Past cesarean pregnancy " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 70 - year- old man was administered penicilline intravenously. Within 5 minutes, he developed genralised urticaria, swelling of lips, hypotension and bronchospasm. The first choice of treatment is to administer? a-chlorphenitramine inj. b-Epinephrine inj. c-High dose hydrocortisone tablet d-nebulised salbutamol Answer:b, Epinephrine inj. "," A 70 - year- old man was administered penicilline intravenously. Within 5 minutes, he developed genralised urticaria, swelling of lips, hypotension and bronchospasm. The first choice of treatment is to administer? A. chlorphenitramine inj. B. Epinephrine inj. C. High dose hydrocortisone tablet D. nebulised salbutamol Answer: B. Epinephrine inj. " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is not a component of APACHE score? a,Serum potassium bSerum calcium,c.Serum sodium,d. Creatinine Answer: b, Serum calcium "," Which of the following is not a component of APACHE score? A. Serum potassium B. Serum calcium C. Serum sodium D. Creatinine Answer: B. Serum calcium " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Thin filament consists of all except? a-Actin b-Troponin c-Myosin d-Tropomyosin Answer:c, Myosin "," Thin filament consists of all except? A. Actin B. Troponin C. Myosin D. Tropomyosin Answer: C. Myosin " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Von Langenbeck repair is used for treatment of? Cleft lip Cleft palate Septal detion Saddle nose Answer: b "," Von Langenbeck repair is used for treatment of? A. Cleft lip B. Cleft palate C. Septal detion D. Saddle nose Answer: B. Cleft palate " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following statements regarding live vaccines is false? Two live vaccines cannot be administered simultaneously Booster doses are not required when live vaccines are administered Single dose gives life long immunity Live vaccine contains both major and minor antigens Answer: a "," Which of the following statements regarding live vaccines is false? A. Two live vaccines cannot be administered simultaneously B. Booster doses are not required when live vaccines are administered C. Single dose gives life long immunity D. Live vaccine contains both major and minor antigens Answer: A. Two live vaccines cannot be administered simultaneously " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -DOC of GTCS in pregnancy? -Lamotrigine -CBZ -Levetiracetam -Valproate Answer: A Lamotrigine "," DOC of GTCS in pregnancy? A. Lamotrigine B. CBZ C. Levetiracetam D. Valproate Answer: A. Lamotrigine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Pediculus humanus can transmitt? Sleeping sickness Plague Chaga's disease Relapsing fever Answer: C.Chaga's disease "," Pediculus humanus can transmitt? A. Sleeping sickness B. Plague C. Chaga's disease D. Relapsing fever Answer: C. Chaga's disease " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: HIV can? a)Cross blood brain barrier b)RNA virus c)Inhibited by 0.3% H2O2 d)Thermostable Answer:a, Cross blood brain barrier it can cross blood brain barrier and cause cns infection REF:ANANTHANARAYANAN TEXT BOOK OF MICROBIOLOGY 9EDITION PGNO.576 "," HIV can? A. Cross blood brain barrier B. RNA virus C. Inhibited by 0.3% H2O2 D. Thermostable Answer: A. Cross blood brain barrier " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A postanesthesia care unit (PACU) nurse is assessing a postoperative client with a nasogastric (NG) tube. What laboratory values would warrant intervention by the nurse? (Select all that apply.) a. Blood glucose: 120 mg/dL (6.7 mmol/L) b. Hemoglobin: 7.8 mg/dL (78 mmol/L) c. pH: 7.68 d. Potassium: 2.9 mEq/L (2.9 mmol/L) e. Sodium: 142 mEq/L (142 mmol/L) Answer: B, C, D Fluid and electrolyte balance are assessed carefully in the postoperative client because many imbalances can occur. The low hemoglobin may be from blood loss in surgery. The higher pH level indicates alkalosis, possibly from losses through the NG tube. The potassium is very low. The blood glucose is within normal limits for a postsurgical client who has been fasting. The sodium level is normal. "," A postanesthesia care unit (PACU) nurse is assessing a postoperative client with a nasogastric (NG) tube. What laboratory values would warrant intervention by the nurse? (Select all that apply.) A. Blood glucose: 120 mg/dL (6.7 mmol/L) B. Hemoglobin: 7.8 mg/dL (78 mmol/L) C. pH: 7.68 D. Potassium: 2.9 mEq/L (2.9 mmol/L) e. Sodium: 142 mEq/L (142 mmol/L) Answer: B. Hemoglobin: 7, C. pH: 7, D. Potassium: 2 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All will predispose to atherosclerosis, except? A)Homocystinemia B)Fibrinogen C)Calcium D)Lipoprotein A Answer:C- Calcium Elevated plasma levels of  homocysteine are associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis, thrombosis and hypertension. Lipoprotein A inhibits fibrinolysis, therefore predisposes to atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis (Greek  athere-mush)  is a complex disease characterized by thickening or hardening of arteries due to the accumulation of lipids (particularly cholesterol, free, and esterified), collagen, fibrous tissue, proteoglycans, calcium deposits, etc. in the inner arterial wall.  Satyanarayana, Ed 3, Pg No 152 "," All will predispose to atherosclerosis, except? A. Homocystinemia B. Fibrinogen C. Calcium D. Lipoprotein A Answer: C. Calcium " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Treatment in post operative shivering? -Pethidine -Piritramide -Methadone -Pentazocine Answer: a "," Treatment in post operative shivering? A. Pethidine B. Piritramide C. Methadone D. Pentazocine Answer: A. Pethidine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Anaesthetic agent with vasoconstrictor is contraindicated in ? -Digital block -Spinal block -Epidural block -Regional anaesthesia Answer: a "," Anaesthetic agent with vasoconstrictor is contraindicated in ? A. Digital block B. Spinal block C. Epidural block D. Regional anaesthesia Answer: A. Digital block " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Women with PCOS and Hirsutism, management is? a,Ethinyl estradiol bEthinyl estradiol + Cyproterone Acetate,c.Levonorgestrel,d. Ethinyl estradiol + Levonorgestrel Answer: b, Ethinyl estradiol + Cyproterone Acetate "," Women with PCOS and Hirsutism, management is? A. Ethinyl estradiol B. Ethinyl estradiol + Cyproterone Acetate C. Levonorgestrel D. Ethinyl estradiol + Levonorgestrel Answer: B. Ethinyl estradiol + Cyproterone Acetate " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following drugs is antipseudomonal penicillin? A)Cephalexin B)Dicloxacillin C)Piperacillin D)Cloxacillin Answer:C- Piperacillin "," Which of the following drugs is antipseudomonal penicillin? A. Cephalexin B. Dicloxacillin C. Piperacillin D. Cloxacillin Answer: C. Piperacillin " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following drug acts against Pseudomonas? A)Piperacillin B)Methicillin C)Nafcillin D)Cloxacillin Answer:A, Piperacillin "," Which of the following drug acts against Pseudomonas? A. Piperacillin B. Methicillin C. Nafcillin D. Cloxacillin Answer: A. Piperacillin " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: During autopsy for virology study which agent is used for storing tissue: NEET 14? A)Sodium chloride B)Alcohol C)Rectified spirit D)50% glycerine Answer:D, 50% glycerine "," During autopsy for virology study which agent is used for storing tissue: NEET 14? A. Sodium chloride B. Alcohol C. Rectified spirit D. 50% glycerine Answer: D. 50% glycerine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Ligament teres is a remnant of ? A.Ductus aeriosus B.Umbilical aery C.Umbilical vein D.Ductus venosus Answer:C. Umbilical vein "," Ligament teres is a remnant of ? A. Ductus aeriosus B. Umbilical aery C. Umbilical vein D. Ductus venosus Answer: C. Umbilical vein " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Ethanol is given in methyl alcohol poisoning because? 1 It inhibit alcohol dehydrogenase 2 It inhibit aldehyde synthetase 3 It binds 100 times stronger than methanol 4 Answer: It inhibit alcohol dehydrogenase Ethanol is preferentially metabolised by alcohol dehydrogenase over methanol.At a concenteration 100mg/DL in blood it saturates alcohol dehydrogenase over methanol &retads methanol metabolism. This reduces formation of formaldehyde & formic acid. Ref KD Tripathi 8th ed. "," Ethanol is given in methyl alcohol poisoning because? A. It inhibit alcohol dehydrogenase B. It inhibit aldehyde synthetase C. It binds 100 times stronger than methanol D. Answer: A. It inhibit alcohol dehydrogenase " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Die is commonly seen in? MlAML M2AML M3AML M4AML Answer: c "," Die is commonly seen in? A. MlAML B. M2AML C. M3AML D. M4AML Answer: C. M3AML " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Why fetal cells continue to divide but terminally differentiated adult cells do not divide? -There are many cyclin inhibitors which prevent cell to enter into S phase in adult -Phosphatase absent in fetal cells -Proteinase is absent in fetus -Absence of CD kinase Answer: A: There are many cyclin inhibitors which prevent cell to enter into S phase in adult "," Why fetal cells continue to divide but terminally differentiated adult cells do not divide? A. There are many cyclin inhibitors which prevent cell to enter into S phase in adult B. Phosphatase absent in fetal cells C. Proteinase is absent in fetus D. Absence of CD kinase Answer: A. There are many cyclin inhibitors which prevent cell to enter into S phase in adult " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 35 year old male presents to the urologist for an infeility evaluation. A biopsy of his testis is performed to check sperm production and maturation. A microscopic section reveals only a few germ cells near the basal lamina in the seminiferous tubule. Which of the following cells is the germ cell closest to the basal lamina in the seminiferous tubule? 1 Primary spermatocyte 2 Secondary spermatocyte 3 Spermatid 4 Spermatogonia Answer:4 - Spermatogonia Maturation of germ cells (spermatogenesis) within the seminiferous tubules occurs in a concentric pattern with the less mature spermatogonia near the basal lamina and the mature forms near the tubule center. Spermatogonia are 2N cells and mature into larger primary spermatocytes (4N) . These mature into secondary spermatocytes (2N) , and finally into spermatids (1N) . Spermatids undergo spermatogenesis to become mature spermatozoa . Acrosomes form from the Golgi apparatus and a flagellum forms from microtubules. Unneeded organelles are shed. The seminiferous tubules of a reproductive-age male should exhibit all stages of maturation, with mature flagellated sperm in their centers. "," A 35 year old male presents to the urologist for an infeility evaluation. A biopsy of his testis is performed to check sperm production and maturation. A microscopic section reveals only a few germ cells near the basal lamina in the seminiferous tubule. Which of the following cells is the germ cell closest to the basal lamina in the seminiferous tubule? A. Primary spermatocyte B. Secondary spermatocyte C. Spermatid D. Spermatogonia Answer: D. Spermatogonia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following anti-hypertensive is contraindicated in pregnancy? Beta blockers ACE inhibitors Methyldopa Ca channel blockers Answer: B.ACE inhibitors "," Which of the following anti-hypertensive is contraindicated in pregnancy? A. Beta blockers B. ACE inhibitors C. Methyldopa D. Ca channel blockers Answer: B. ACE inhibitors " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Risk factors associated with post-operative nausea and vomiting following strabismus surgery are all except? A.Age < 3years B.Duration of anesthesia > 30 mins C.Personal or family history of post - op nausea and vomiting D.Personal or family history of motion sickness Answer:A. Age < 3years Ans. is 'a' i.e., Age < 3 years Post operative nausea and vomiting (PONY) following strabismus surgery It can cause post - op wound dehiscence, hematoma, orbital hemorrhage and aspiration. 30 % of all procedures are associated with PONV. Major risk factors are: Age > 3years Duration of anesthesia > 30 mins Personal or family history of post - op nausea and vomiting Personal or family history of motion sickness Medical management of PONV includes: dimenhydrinate, metoclopramide, droperidol, dexamethasone, ondansatron "," Risk factors associated with post-operative nausea and vomiting following strabismus surgery are all except? A. Age < 3years B. Duration of anesthesia > 30 mins C. Personal or family history of post - op nausea and vomiting D. Personal or family history of motion sickness Answer: A. Age < 3years " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Mechanism of action of ciprofloxacin in gram negative bacteria:? 1 Inhibition of mycolic acid 2 Inhibition of topoisomerase IV 3 Inhibition of DNA gyrase 4 Inhibition of helicase Answer:3 - Inhibition of DNA gyrase MECHANISM OF FLUOROQUINOLONES (FQ) In gram negative bacteria, FQ inhibit DNA gyrase by binding to its A subunit and interfere with cutting and resealing function. In gram positive bacteria, FQ inhibit similar enzyme DNA topoisomerase IV. "," Mechanism of action of ciprofloxacin in gram negative bacteria:? A. Inhibition of mycolic acid B. Inhibition of topoisomerase IV C. Inhibition of DNA gyrase D. Inhibition of helicase Answer: C. Inhibition of DNA gyrase " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Gateway of tears is? 1 Rathke pouch 2 Sinus of morgagni 3 Killians dehiscence 4 Pharyngeal bursa Answer:3- Killians dehiscence "," Gateway of tears is? A. Rathke pouch B. Sinus of morgagni C. Killians dehiscence D. Pharyngeal bursa Answer: C. Killians dehiscence " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Pro - inflammatory cytokine is? 1 IL-1 2 IL-3 3 IL-6 4 IL-10 Answer:1- IL-1 "," Pro - inflammatory cytokine is? A. IL-1 B. IL-3 C. IL-6 D. IL-10 Answer: A. IL-1 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: What is not true regarding venous ulcer? a,It is managed by stripping superficial saphenous venous system bIt may be associated with Klippel Trenaunay syndrome,c.It is found in elderly males,d. Biopsy is required for long standing ulcer Answer: c, It is found in elderly males "," What is not true regarding venous ulcer? A. It is managed by stripping superficial saphenous venous system B. It may be associated with Klippel Trenaunay syndrome C. It is found in elderly males D. Biopsy is required for long standing ulcer Answer: C. It is found in elderly males " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -The principle that is the spinal cord dorsal roots are sensory and the ventral roots are motor is known as? -Laplace's law -Bell-Magendle's law -Frank-Starling's law -Weber-Fechner's law Answer: b "," The principle that is the spinal cord dorsal roots are sensory and the ventral roots are motor is known as? A. Laplace's law B. Bell-Magendle's law C. Frank-Starling's law D. Weber-Fechner's law Answer: B. Bell-Magendle's law " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Position of wrist in cast of colle's fracture is? a-Palmar detion & pronation b-Palmar detion & supination c-Dorsal detion & pronation d-Dorsal detion & supination Answer:a, Palmar detion & pronation "," Position of wrist in cast of colle's fracture is? A. Palmar detion & pronation B. Palmar detion & supination C. Dorsal detion & pronation D. Dorsal detion & supination Answer: A. Palmar detion & pronation " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Loeffler&;s syndrome occurs in all except? Toxocara Stongyloides Ascaris Giardia Answer: D, Giardia "," Loeffler&;s syndrome occurs in all except? A. Toxocara B. Stongyloides C. Ascaris D. Giardia Answer: D. Giardia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Macewan's sign is seen in? 1 Cyanide poisoning 2 Alcoholism 3 Lead 4 Arsenic poison Answer:2 - Alcoholism Alcoholism "," Macewan's sign is seen in? A. Cyanide poisoning B. Alcoholism C. Lead D. Arsenic poison Answer: B. Alcoholism " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Causes of thickened gallbladder wall on ultrasound examination are all except? A.Postprandial state B.Cholecystitis C.Congestive cardiac failure D.Kawasaki disease Answer:D. Kawasaki disease Ans: D (Kawasaki disease) Ref: Manual of Emergency Critical Care Ultrasound Vicke E Noble. 2nd ed. Pg 156Explanation:Kawasaki disease is associated with hydrops of gallbladder.Gallbladder Wall Thickening A gallbladder wall that is thickened is a sign of inflammation. This is a non-specific finding, and many other pathologic processes, as well as a postprandial gallbladder, can give you falsely elevated measurements.It is important to measure the wall of the anterior gallbladder surface because of the acoustic enhancement artifact mentioned.Because sound waves travel through a fluid-filled structure, no attenuation occurs. Thus, when those sound weaves hit the back of the gallbladder, they will be so strong that they will obscure an accurate picture of the wall thickness.For gallbladder wall thickness, greater than 3 mm is abnormal.Differential for Thickened Gallbladder WallPostprandialRenal failureAscitesHepatitisHypoalbuminemiaHIV/AIDSAdenomyomatosisMultiple myelomaCholecystitisCongestive heart failure "," Causes of thickened gallbladder wall on ultrasound examination are all except? A. Postprandial state B. Cholecystitis C. Congestive cardiac failure D. Kawasaki disease Answer: D. Kawasaki disease " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Not true about post-transcriptional modification of RNA? 1 5' Capping 2 Addition of poly A tail 3 Removal of introns 4 Glycosylation Answer:4- Glycosylation "," Not true about post-transcriptional modification of RNA? A. 5' Capping B. Addition of poly A tail C. Removal of introns D. Glycosylation Answer: D. Glycosylation " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Zinc phosphide is? a,Rodenticide bInsecticide,c.Larvicide,d. All Answer: a, Rodenticide "," Zinc phosphide is? A. Rodenticide B. Insecticide C. Larvicide D. All Answer: A. Rodenticide " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Excess of avidin causes deficiency of? Folate Choline Vitamin B12 Biotin Answer: D.Biotin "," Excess of avidin causes deficiency of? A. Folate B. Choline C. Vitamin B12 D. Biotin Answer: D. Biotin " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Aerosolized ribavirin is used in the treatment of bronchiolitis with –? a - RSV b - H.influenza c - Pneumococcus d - Streptococcus Answer: RSV "," Aerosolized ribavirin is used in the treatment of bronchiolitis with –? A. RSV B. H.influenza C. Pneumococcus D. Streptococcus Answer: A. RSV " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Thalidomide can be used in all of the followingconditions except? a)Behcet syndrome b)HIV associated peripheral neuropathy c)HIV associated mouth ulcers d)Erythema nodosum leprosum Answer:b, HIV associated peripheral neuropathy HIV associated peripheral neuropathy "," Thalidomide can be used in all of the followingconditions except? A. Behcet syndrome B. HIV associated peripheral neuropathy C. HIV associated mouth ulcers D. Erythema nodosum leprosum Answer: B. HIV associated peripheral neuropathy " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 33-year-old man has never been vaccinated for hepatitis B. Serologic tests reveal negative hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and positive antibody to surface antigen. Which of the following conditions does this serologic pattern best fit with? a-previous hepatitis B infection b-chronic active hepatitis c-acute hepatitis B infection d-poor prognosis Answer:a, previous hepatitis B infection "," A 33-year-old man has never been vaccinated for hepatitis B. Serologic tests reveal negative hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and positive antibody to surface antigen. Which of the following conditions does this serologic pattern best fit with? A. previous hepatitis B infection B. chronic active hepatitis C. acute hepatitis B infection D. poor prognosis Answer: A. previous hepatitis B infection " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Pyoderma-gangrenosum is most commonly associated with? Ulcerative colitis Crohns disease Amoebic colitis Ischemic colitis Answer: a "," Pyoderma-gangrenosum is most commonly associated with? A. Ulcerative colitis B. Crohns disease C. Amoebic colitis D. Ischemic colitis Answer: A. Ulcerative colitis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Which of the following is the most common cause of meningoencephalitis in children? -Mumps -Arbovirus -HSV -Enterovirus Answer: d "," Which of the following is the most common cause of meningoencephalitis in children? A. Mumps B. Arbovirus C. HSV D. Enterovirus Answer: D. Enterovirus " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Rickets in infant present as all except? -Cranitabes -Widened Fontanel -Rachitic Rosary -Bow legs Answer: d: Bow legs "," Rickets in infant present as all except? A. Cranitabes B. Widened Fontanel C. Rachitic Rosary D. Bow legs Answer: D. Bow legs " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which drug is not used to prevent contrast nephropathy? Fenoldopam N-acetylcysteine Infusion of Hair normal saline Hemodialysis Answer: a "," Which drug is not used to prevent contrast nephropathy? A. Fenoldopam B. N-acetylcysteine C. Infusion of Hair normal saline D. Hemodialysis Answer: A. Fenoldopam " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: S100 is a marker used in the diagnosis of all Except? a)Melanoma b)Schwannoma c)Histiocytoma d)Basal cell cancer Answer:d, Basal cell cancer Acidic protein, 100% Soluble in ammonium sulfate at neutral pH (derivation of name) S100 protein family is multigenic group of nonubiquitous cytoplasmic EF-hand Ca2+-binding proteins, sharing significant structural similarities at both genomic and protein levels; S100 protein family has 24 known human members each coded by a separate gene; at least 19 on chromosome 1q21 Helps regulate cell contraction, motility, growth, differentiation, cell cycle progression, transcription and secretion Structurally similar to calmodulin "," S100 is a marker used in the diagnosis of all Except? A. Melanoma B. Schwannoma C. Histiocytoma D. Basal cell cancer Answer: D. Basal cell cancer " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which among the following is FALSE about congenital toxoplasmosis? a)IgA is better than IgM in detection b)Diagnosed by detection of IgM in cord blood c)IgG is diagnostic d)Not recalled Answer:c, IgG is diagnostic Negative IgM with positive IgG indicates past infection. The presence of IgM antibody (which does not cross placenta) in the infant's circulation will diagnose congenital toxoplasmosis. The double sandwich IgA-ELISA is more sensitive than the IgM-ELISA for detecting congenital infection in the fetus and newborn. The methods used to detect IgM are 1)Double sandwich IgM ELISA 2)IgM immunosorbent assay. Ref: Kim K., Kasper L.H. (2012). Chapter 214. Toxoplasma Infections. In D.L. Longo, A.S. Fauci, D.L. Kasper, S.L. Hauser, J.L. Jameson, J. Loscalzo (Eds), Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18e. "," Which among the following is FALSE about congenital toxoplasmosis? A. IgA is better than IgM in detection B. Diagnosed by detection of IgM in cord blood C. IgG is diagnostic D. Not recalled Answer: C. IgG is diagnostic " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Cribriform hymen is seen? Post paum Septate hymen Sieve hymen Virgin Answer: d "," Cribriform hymen is seen? A. Post paum B. Septate hymen C. Sieve hymen D. Virgin Answer: D. Virgin " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Hostile witness is covered under IPC section? 1 191 2 192 3 193 4 194 Answer:1- 191 "," Hostile witness is covered under IPC section? A. 191 B. 192 C. 193 D. 194 Answer: A. 191 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: True about neuropraxia? a - Prolongatinon of conduction velocity b - Good prognosis c - Both d - Answer: Both "," True about neuropraxia? A. Prolongatinon of conduction velocity B. Good prognosis C. Both D. Answer: C. Both " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Marfans Syndrome affecting eyes, skeletal system, and the cardiovascular system is caued by the mutation in the gene? a)Fibrillin 1 b)Fibrillin 2 c)Fibulin d)Elastin Answer:a, Fibrillin 1 Marfan Syndrome Is Caused by Mutations in the Gene for Fibrillin-1. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. It affects the eyes (eg, causing dislocation of the lens, known as ectopia lentis), the skeletal system (most patients are tall and exhibit long digits and hyperextensibility of the joints), and the cardiovascular system (eg, causing weakness of the aoic media, leading to dilation of the ascending aoa). Abraham Lincoln may have had this condition. Most cases are caused by mutations in the gene (on chromosome 15) for fibrillin-1.Mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene have also been identified as the cause of acromicric dysplasia and geleophysic dysplasia, which are characterized by sho stature, skin thickening, and stiff joints. Congenital contractural arachnodactyly is associated with a mutation in the gene for fibrillin-2.Ref: Harper&;s Biochemistry; 30th edition; Chapter 50; The Extracellular Matrix "," Marfans Syndrome affecting eyes, skeletal system, and the cardiovascular system is caued by the mutation in the gene? A. Fibrillin 1 B. Fibrillin 2 C. Fibulin D. Elastin Answer: A. Fibrillin 1 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Prognostic stage groups in carcinoma breast include all except? a-Tumour size b-Grade c-HER-2 status d-Age Answer:d, Age "," Prognostic stage groups in carcinoma breast include all except? A. Tumour size B. Grade C. HER-2 status D. Age Answer: D. Age " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -In Breslau's second life test, organ tested is? -Brain -Hea -Lung -Stomach and Intestine Answer: D Stomach and Intestine "," In Breslau's second life test, organ tested is? A. Brain B. Hea C. Lung D. Stomach and Intestine Answer: D. Stomach and Intestine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which laxative acts by opening of Chloride channels ? Docusate Anthraquinone Lubiprostone Bisacodyl Answer: C, Lubiprostone "," Which laxative acts by opening of Chloride channels ? A. Docusate B. Anthraquinone C. Lubiprostone D. Bisacodyl Answer: C. Lubiprostone " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Nipple retraction in Ca breast due to infiltration of? Suspensory ligaments Lactiferous ducts Lymphatics Pectoralis fascia Answer: b "," Nipple retraction in Ca breast due to infiltration of? A. Suspensory ligaments B. Lactiferous ducts C. Lymphatics D. Pectoralis fascia Answer: B. Lactiferous ducts " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Amplification of DNA uses the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Cation used in PCR is? a - Calcium b - Lithium c - Magnesium d - Sodium Answer: Magnesium "," Amplification of DNA uses the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Cation used in PCR is? A. Calcium B. Lithium C. Magnesium D. Sodium Answer: C. Magnesium " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Best indicator of antemoum drowning is? A.Froth in mouth and nostrils B.Cutis anserina C.Washerman's hand D.Water in nose Answer:A. Froth in mouth and nostrils A i.e. Fine froth in mouth & nostril "," Best indicator of antemoum drowning is? A. Froth in mouth and nostrils B. Cutis anserina C. Washerman's hand D. Water in nose Answer: A. Froth in mouth and nostrils " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Following are adverse effects of Clofazimine except? a-Skin staining b-Icthyosis c-Diarrhoea d-Gastritis Answer:d, Gastritis "," Following are adverse effects of Clofazimine except? A. Skin staining B. Icthyosis C. Diarrhoea D. Gastritis Answer: D. Gastritis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: If the maxillary right second molar is treated successfully the distal furcation involvement can best be kept plaque free by using? a,Dental Floss bPerio aid,c.Stimudent,d. Rubber tip stimulator Answer: b, Perio aid "," If the maxillary right second molar is treated successfully the distal furcation involvement can best be kept plaque free by using? A. Dental Floss B. Perio aid C. Stimudent D. Rubber tip stimulator Answer: B. Perio aid " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: NREM sleep is associated with:? 1 Basal forebrain area 2 Dorsal raphe nucleus 3 Medulla 4 All of the above Answer:4- All of the above "," NREM sleep is associated with:? A. Basal forebrain area B. Dorsal raphe nucleus C. Medulla D. All of the above Answer: D. All of the above " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Benefits of LNG lUCD are all except? a - Management of menorrhagia b - Contraceptive effect c - Hormone replacement therapy after menopause d - stage 2 endometrial cancer Answer: stage 2 endometrial cancer "," Benefits of LNG lUCD are all except? A. Management of menorrhagia B. Contraceptive effect C. Hormone replacement therapy after menopause D. stage 2 endometrial cancer Answer: D. stage 2 endometrial cancer " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: True of case control studies? A.It proceeds from cause to effect B.Odds ratio can be calculated C.Incidence can be calculated D.Needs many patients Answer:B. Odds ratio can be calculated "," True of case control studies? A. It proceeds from cause to effect B. Odds ratio can be calculated C. Incidence can be calculated D. Needs many patients Answer: B. Odds ratio can be calculated " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is the most common cause of emergency depament visit related to LSD and its related substances? a-Bad trip b-Flashbacks c-Synaesthesia d-Papillary dilatation Answer:a, Bad trip "," Which of the following is the most common cause of emergency depament visit related to LSD and its related substances? A. Bad trip B. Flashbacks C. Synaesthesia D. Papillary dilatation Answer: A. Bad trip " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All except one are features of Thromboangitis obliterans? Initimal hyperplasia Panarteritis Vasospasmitis Arterial thickening Answer: D, Arterial thickening "," All except one are features of Thromboangitis obliterans? A. Initimal hyperplasia B. Panarteritis C. Vasospasmitis D. Arterial thickening Answer: D. Arterial thickening " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Mammalian Mitochondria are involved in all of the following Except? a-Fatty acid synthesis b-DNA synthesis c-Fatty acid oxidation (b-oxidation) d-Protein synthesis Answer:d, Protein synthesis "," Mammalian Mitochondria are involved in all of the following Except? A. Fatty acid synthesis B. DNA synthesis C. Fatty acid oxidation (b-oxidation) D. Protein synthesis Answer: D. Protein synthesis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In emergency, which aery can be safely ligated ? A)Internal iliac B)Popliteal C)Renal aeryInternal carotid D)All Answer:A- Internal iliac Ans. is 'a' i.e. Internal iliac "," In emergency, which aery can be safely ligated ? A. Internal iliac B. Popliteal C. Renal aeryInternal carotid D. All Answer: A. Internal iliac " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following statements about Total Infra–Venous Anaesthesia (TIVA) is true –? A.Causes More Renal Toxicity B.Reduces Cerebral Metabolic Rate C.Risk of Malignant Hyperthermia is high D.Inhibits Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasconstriction Answer:B. Reduces Cerebral Metabolic Rate "," Which of the following statements about Total Infra–Venous Anaesthesia (TIVA) is true –? A. Causes More Renal Toxicity B. Reduces Cerebral Metabolic Rate C. Risk of Malignant Hyperthermia is high D. Inhibits Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasconstriction Answer: B. Reduces Cerebral Metabolic Rate " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In amyloidosis of the tongue, the amyloid is deposited primarily in the? a-Stromal connective tissue b-Cells of the surface epithelium c-Nuclei of the striated muscle cells d-Cytoplasm of the striated muscle cells Answer:a, Stromal connective tissue "," In amyloidosis of the tongue, the amyloid is deposited primarily in the? A. Stromal connective tissue B. Cells of the surface epithelium C. Nuclei of the striated muscle cells D. Cytoplasm of the striated muscle cells Answer: A. Stromal connective tissue " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Haascheiben cells in epidermis are responsible for? 1 Touch 2 Temperature 3 Pressure 4 Proprioception Answer: Touch Ans. is 'a' i.e., Touch "," Haascheiben cells in epidermis are responsible for? A. Touch B. Temperature C. Pressure D. Proprioception Answer: A. Touch " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Preferred fluoroquinolone against m. leprae is? a - Ofloxacin b - Pefloxacin c - Ciprofloxacin d - Moxifloxacin Answer: Ofloxacin "," Preferred fluoroquinolone against m. leprae is? A. Ofloxacin B. Pefloxacin C. Ciprofloxacin D. Moxifloxacin Answer: A. Ofloxacin " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A viral infection causes damage to both hippocampi in a patient. This damage would cause the patient to exhibit functional deficits in? a - Recalling an old declarative memory b - Recalling an old procedural memory c - Forming a new sho-term memory d - Forming a new long-term memory Answer: Forming a new long-term memory "," A viral infection causes damage to both hippocampi in a patient. This damage would cause the patient to exhibit functional deficits in? A. Recalling an old declarative memory B. Recalling an old procedural memory C. Forming a new sho-term memory D. Forming a new long-term memory Answer: D. Forming a new long-term memory " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A nurse is caring for a patient with PDA which of the following findings are consistent with his diagnosis (Select all that apply) a. Weak peripheral pulse b. Machine like murmur c. Widening pulse pressure Answer: b,c "," A nurse is caring for a patient with PDA which of the following findings are consistent with his diagnosis (Select all that apply) A. Weak peripheral pulse B. Machine like murmur C. Widening pulse pressure Answer: B. Machine like murmur, C. Widening pulse pressure " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Which drugs are used for prenatal therapy of congenital adrenal hyperplasia? -Hydrocoisone -Prednisolone -Fludrocoisone -Dexamethasone Answer: D Dexamethasone "," Which drugs are used for prenatal therapy of congenital adrenal hyperplasia? A. Hydrocoisone B. Prednisolone C. Fludrocoisone D. Dexamethasone Answer: D. Dexamethasone " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Coical representation of body in the cerebrum is? a,Horizontal bVeical,c.Tandem,d. Oblique Answer: b, Veical "," Coical representation of body in the cerebrum is? A. Horizontal B. Veical C. Tandem D. Oblique Answer: B. Veical " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Medium used for antibiotic sensitivity? 1 CLED agar 2 choclolate agar 3 Mueller-Hinton agar 4 Salt milk agar Answer:3 - Mueller-Hinton agar Antibiotic sensitivity testing Antibiotic sensitivity testing is carried out to determine appropriate antibiotic to be used for a paicular strain isolated from clinical specimens. Antibiotic testing can be carried out by two broad methods a) Disc diffusion tests b) Dilution tests REF : ananthanarayana 10th ed "," Medium used for antibiotic sensitivity? A. CLED agar B. choclolate agar C. Mueller-Hinton agar D. Salt milk agar Answer: C. Mueller-Hinton agar " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A nineteen year old female with short stature, wide spread nipples and primary amenorrhoea most likely has karyotype of –? a - 47, XX + 18 b - 46XXXY c - 47, XXY d - 45 XO Answer: 45 XO "," A nineteen year old female with short stature, wide spread nipples and primary amenorrhoea most likely has karyotype of –? A. 47, XX + 18 B. 46XXXY C. 47, XXY D. 45 XO Answer: D. 45 XO " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Bad trip is seen with which of the following drugs? a-Cannabis b-LSD c- d-Both Answer:b, LSD "," Bad trip is seen with which of the following drugs? A. Cannabis B. LSD C. D. Both Answer: B. LSD " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Sputum positive patient who should be quarantined? Pregnant women Old people Children above 6 years Children below 6 years Answer: d "," Sputum positive patient who should be quarantined? A. Pregnant women B. Old people C. Children above 6 years D. Children below 6 years Answer: D. Children below 6 years " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Treatment of choice for Aniseikonia? Ohoptic exercise Spectacles Surgery Contact lens Answer: D.Contact lens "," Treatment of choice for Aniseikonia? A. Ohoptic exercise B. Spectacles C. Surgery D. Contact lens Answer: D. Contact lens " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 12-month-old infant has been diagnosed with failure to thrive (FTT). Which assessment findings does the nurse expect to be documented with this infant? (Select all that apply.) a. Fear of strangers b. Minimal smiling c. Avoidance of eye contact d. Meeting developmental milestones e. Wide-eyed gaze and continual scan of the environment Answer: B - Minimal smiling C - Avoidance of eye contact E - Wide-eyed gaze and continual scan of the environment Signs and symptoms of FTT include minimal smiling, avoidance of eye contact, and a wide-eyed gaze and continual scan of the environment (""radar gaze""). There is no fear of strangers, and there are developmental delays, including social, motor, adaptive, and language. "," A 12-month-old infant has been diagnosed with failure to thrive (FTT). Which assessment findings does the nurse expect to be documented with this infant? (Select all that apply.) A. Fear of strangers B. Minimal smiling C. Avoidance of eye contact D. Meeting developmental milestones E. Wide-eyed gaze and continual scan of the environment Answer: B. Minimal smiling, C. Avoidance of eye contact, E. Wide-eyed gaze and continual scan of the environment " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 3 year old child presents with a history of repeated sinopulmonary infections caused by encapsulated organisms. Which of the following is most likely to be deficient in this case? 1 IgG4 2 IgG3 3 IgG2 4 IgG1 Answer:3 - IgG2 Deficiency of IgG2 results in recurrent sinopulmonary infections with encapsulated organisms. Deficiency of IgG1 - Bacterial infections (Diptheria, tetanus) Deficiency of IgG3 - Viral infections Deficiency of IgG4 - Parasitic infections IgG is the only maternal immunoglobulin that is normally transpoed across the placenta and provides natural passive immunity to the newborn. Maximum placental transfer - IgG1 Minimum placental transfer - IgG2 Reference: Ananthanarayan and Paniker&;s Textbook of Microbiology Tenth edition "," A 3 year old child presents with a history of repeated sinopulmonary infections caused by encapsulated organisms. Which of the following is most likely to be deficient in this case? A. IgG4 B. IgG3 C. IgG2 D. IgG1 Answer: C. IgG2 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most common type of breast carcinoma is: September 2010? a,Lobular bSarcoma,c.Ductal,d. Granuloma Answer: c, Ductal "," Most common type of breast carcinoma is: September 2010? A. Lobular B. Sarcoma C. Ductal D. Granuloma Answer: C. Ductal " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Tonsillar fossa is bounded anteriorly by? A.Pharyngobasilar fascia B.Palatopharyngeal fold C.Buccopharyngeal fascia D.Palatoglossal fold Answer:D. Palatoglossal fold "," Tonsillar fossa is bounded anteriorly by? A. Pharyngobasilar fascia B. Palatopharyngeal fold C. Buccopharyngeal fascia D. Palatoglossal fold Answer: D. Palatoglossal fold " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -A three years old boy presents with poor urinary stream. Most likely cause is? -Stricture urethra -Neurogenic bladder -Urethral calculus -Posterior urethral valve Answer: D: Posterior urethral valve "," A three years old boy presents with poor urinary stream. Most likely cause is? A. Stricture urethra B. Neurogenic bladder C. Urethral calculus D. Posterior urethral valve Answer: D. Posterior urethral valve " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Hassal's corpuscles are seen in? Thymus Thyroid Parathyroid Spleen Answer: A, Thymus "," Hassal's corpuscles are seen in? A. Thymus B. Thyroid C. Parathyroid D. Spleen Answer: A. Thymus " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Drug of choice for Treponema Pallidum is? A)Penicillin G B)Tetracycline C)Azithromycin D)Doxycycline Answer:A, Penicillin G "," Drug of choice for Treponema Pallidum is? A. Penicillin G B. Tetracycline C. Azithromycin D. Doxycycline Answer: A. Penicillin G " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: During intraoperative period following capnograph waveform is seen. What does it signify.? 1 Return of spontaneous ventilation 2 Airway obstruction 3 Hyperventilation 4 Oesophageal intubation Answer:1 - Return of spontaneous ventilation Above ETCO2 curve depictsSpontaneous effos It signifies return of spontaneous ventilation and the patient is coming out of the anaesthesia The cleft is K/ACURARE CLEFT Repeat a dose of neuromuscular blocker if you want to maintain the muscle paralysis ??""Malignant hypehermia:Progressive rise in ETCO2 ??""Bronchospasm:Shark fin appearance ??""Esophageal intubation: "," During intraoperative period following capnograph waveform is seen. What does it signify.? A. Return of spontaneous ventilation B. Airway obstruction C. Hyperventilation D. Oesophageal intubation Answer: A. Return of spontaneous ventilation " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Foramen of Morgagni refers to an opening in? 1 The brain 2 The lesser omentum 3 The skull 4 The diaphragm Answer:4- The diaphragm "," Foramen of Morgagni refers to an opening in? A. The brain B. The lesser omentum C. The skull D. The diaphragm Answer: D. The diaphragm " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Infidelity & jealousy involving spouse is the thought content of which disorder? a - Capgras syndrome b - Othello syndrome c - Hypochondrial paranomia d - Declerambault's syndrome Answer: Othello syndrome "," Infidelity & jealousy involving spouse is the thought content of which disorder? A. Capgras syndrome B. Othello syndrome C. Hypochondrial paranomia D. Declerambault's syndrome Answer: B. Othello syndrome " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Branches of celiac trunk are all except? Splenic artery Left gastric artery Hepatic artery Inferior phrenic artery Answer: D, Inferior phrenic artery "," Branches of celiac trunk are all except? A. Splenic artery B. Left gastric artery C. Hepatic artery D. Inferior phrenic artery Answer: D. Inferior phrenic artery " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In RDS all of the following statements are true except? A)Usually occurs in infants born before 34 weeks of gestation B)Is more common in babies born to diabetic mothers C)Leads to cyanosis D)Is treated by administering 100% oxygen Answer:D- Is treated by administering 100% oxygen Administration of 100% oxygen may increase the O2 load on fetal lung tissue. Hence, it is not given . Reference: GHAI Essential pediatrics, 8th edition "," In RDS all of the following statements are true except? A. Usually occurs in infants born before 34 weeks of gestation B. Is more common in babies born to diabetic mothers C. Leads to cyanosis D. Is treated by administering 100% oxygen Answer: D. Is treated by administering 100% oxygen " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -A 20 year female presents with a ovarian mass 6x 6 x 6cm in size. Ultrasonography reveals solid structures in the mass. Her serum biomarkers such as AFP. fO-hCG and CA 125 are normal, however, her serum alkaline phosphatase was found to be elevated. The most likely diagnosis is? -Dysgerminoma -Endodermal sinus tumor -Malignant teratoma -Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma Answer: A Dysgerminoma "," A 20 year female presents with a ovarian mass 6x 6 x 6cm in size. Ultrasonography reveals solid structures in the mass. Her serum biomarkers such as AFP. fO-hCG and CA 125 are normal, however, her serum alkaline phosphatase was found to be elevated. The most likely diagnosis is? A. Dysgerminoma B. Endodermal sinus tumor C. Malignant teratoma D. Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma Answer: A. Dysgerminoma " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Best IOL is –? Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Iris supported Angle supported Answer: B.Posterior chamber "," Best IOL is –? A. Anterior chamber B. Posterior chamber C. Iris supported D. Angle supported Answer: B. Posterior chamber " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Spore forming anaerobic gram positive bacilli ? A)Bacillus Anthracis B)Clostridia C)Corynebacterium D)Peptostreptococcus Answer:B- Clostridia Ans. is 'b' i.e., Clostridia There are two medically impoant spore forming bacteria. Both of them are 'gram positive' `bacilli' :-Aerobic : BacillusAnaerobic (obligate anaerobes) : Clostridia. "," Spore forming anaerobic gram positive bacilli ? A. Bacillus Anthracis B. Clostridia C. Corynebacterium D. Peptostreptococcus Answer: B. Clostridia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Fever associated with infection? A.Accelerates bacterial and viral replication B.Left shifts the oxygen dissociation curve C.Is due to interleukin-1 released from CD4 T-helper cells D.Increase oxygen release to tissue Answer:D. Increase oxygen release to tissue Fever right shifts the oxygen dissociation curve, which allows for a greater release of oxygen to the tissue, making oxygen easily available to neutrophils and monocytes for use in the oxygen-dependent myeloperoxidase system of bactericidal killing. Having more oxygen available to tissue also enhances wound healing. In addition, fever interferes with bacterial and viral replication by providing a hostile environment for incubation. Fever is produced by the release of interleukin-I from macrophages. Interleukin-I, in turn, stimulates the hypothalamus to synthesize prostaglandins, which interact with the thermoregulatory center to produce fever. "," Fever associated with infection? A. Accelerates bacterial and viral replication B. Left shifts the oxygen dissociation curve C. Is due to interleukin-1 released from CD4 T-helper cells D. Increase oxygen release to tissue Answer: D. Increase oxygen release to tissue " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: At the level of Arch of aoa, the relationship of left vagus nerve and left phrenic nerve? Phrenic nerve anterior, vagus nerve posterior Phrenic nerve posterior, vagus nerve anterior Both in same plane anteroposteriorly Variable in relationship Answer: a "," At the level of Arch of aoa, the relationship of left vagus nerve and left phrenic nerve? A. Phrenic nerve anterior, vagus nerve posterior B. Phrenic nerve posterior, vagus nerve anterior C. Both in same plane anteroposteriorly D. Variable in relationship Answer: A. Phrenic nerve anterior, vagus nerve posterior " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: AML transformation common in - a) Aplastic anemia b) MDS c) Megakaryocytic thrombocytopenia d) None? ab bc d ca Answer: a "," AML transformation common in - a) Aplastic anemia b) MDS c) Megakaryocytic thrombocytopenia d) None? A. ab B. bc C. d D. ca Answer: A. ab " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which among the following NOT a pharmacological action of opioids? a)Cough suppression b)Anti-emesis c)Miosis d)Truncal rigidity Answer:b, Anti-emesis "," Which among the following NOT a pharmacological action of opioids? A. Cough suppression B. Anti-emesis C. Miosis D. Truncal rigidity Answer: B. Anti-emesis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A mom calls the triage nurse that her son was playing in the woods where there is a lot of poison ivy. Nurse is correct in giving the following instructions... (select all that apply) A. Immediately take a cool shower and do not use any harsh detergents B. If contaminated the rash will appear in 1 week C. Wash clothes and shoes that he was playing in. D. Apply Bactroban antibiotic cream to the lesions Answer: A,C "," A mom calls the triage nurse that her son was playing in the woods where there is a lot of poison ivy. Nurse is correct in giving the following instructions... (select all that apply) A. Immediately take a cool shower and do not use any harsh detergents B. If contaminated the rash will appear in 1 week C. Wash clothes and shoes that he was playing in. D. Apply Bactroban antibiotic cream to the lesions Answer: A. Immediately take a cool shower and do not use any harsh detergents, C. Wash clothes and shoes that he was playing in " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -During diastole, arterial pressure is maintained by? -Elastic recoil of aorta -Musculature of arteries -Constriction of capillaries -Contraction of left ventricle Answer: A: Elastic recoil of aorta "," During diastole, arterial pressure is maintained by? A. Elastic recoil of aorta B. Musculature of arteries C. Constriction of capillaries D. Contraction of left ventricle Answer: A. Elastic recoil of aorta " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Terminal axillary draining lymph nodes? a-Anterior b-Posterior c-Scapular d-Apical Answer:d, Apical "," Terminal axillary draining lymph nodes? A. Anterior B. Posterior C. Scapular D. Apical Answer: D. Apical " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: P wave is absent in? a - Atrial fibrillation b - Atrial asystole c - Ventricular fibrillation d - Ventricular tachycardia Answer: Atrial fibrillation "," P wave is absent in? A. Atrial fibrillation B. Atrial asystole C. Ventricular fibrillation D. Ventricular tachycardia Answer: A. Atrial fibrillation " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -30 years old lady presented with acute pain abdomen, constipation and vomiting suspecting acute intestinal obstruction. The investigation of choice for the patient is? -Ba enema -X-ray abdomen erect posture -USG -CT scan Answer: B X-ray abdomen erect posture "," 30 years old lady presented with acute pain abdomen, constipation and vomiting suspecting acute intestinal obstruction. The investigation of choice for the patient is? A. Ba enema B. X-ray abdomen erect posture C. USG D. CT scan Answer: B. X-ray abdomen erect posture " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Uveitis is associated most commonly with? 1 Rheumatoid arthritis 2 Systemic JRA 3 Pauciarticular JRA 4 Poly articular JRA Answer:3- Pauciarticular JRA "," Uveitis is associated most commonly with? A. Rheumatoid arthritis B. Systemic JRA C. Pauciarticular JRA D. Poly articular JRA Answer: C. Pauciarticular JRA " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following tests is best for differentiating ACTH secreting pituitary tumour from Ectopic ACTH production? 24 hour Urinary free coisol Overnight dexamethasone suppression test Low dose dexamethasone suppression test High dose dexamethasone suppression test Answer: d "," Which of the following tests is best for differentiating ACTH secreting pituitary tumour from Ectopic ACTH production? A. 24 hour Urinary free coisol B. Overnight dexamethasone suppression test C. Low dose dexamethasone suppression test D. High dose dexamethasone suppression test Answer: D. High dose dexamethasone suppression test " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Beta 2 agonist used in rescue therapy in acute respiratory conditions are all except? A)Formoterol B)Salbutamol C)Bambuterol D)Ketotifen Answer:D, Ketotifen "," Beta 2 agonist used in rescue therapy in acute respiratory conditions are all except? A. Formoterol B. Salbutamol C. Bambuterol D. Ketotifen Answer: D. Ketotifen " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Glycosylated hemoglobin in a normal pregnant lady should be less than? 1 4.50% 2 5.50% 3 6.50% 4 7.50% Answer: 6.50% The cut off for glycosylated hemoglobin in a pregnant lady is less than 6.5 %. "," Glycosylated hemoglobin in a normal pregnant lady should be less than? A. 4.50% B. 5.50% C. 6.50% D. 7.50% Answer: C. 6.50% " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Cause of exudative retinal detachment are? a-Scleritis b-Toxaemia of pregnancy c-Central serous retinopathy d-All Answer:d, All "," Cause of exudative retinal detachment are? A. Scleritis B. Toxaemia of pregnancy C. Central serous retinopathy D. All Answer: D. All " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is a feature of papillon lefevre syndrome? A)destructive periodontitis B)palmar-plantar keratosis C)calcification of dura D)all the above Answer:D, all the above "," Which of the following is a feature of papillon lefevre syndrome? A. destructive periodontitis B. palmar-plantar keratosis C. calcification of dura D. all the above Answer: D. all the above " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All of the following structures passes through the Alcock canal, EXCEPT? a)Internal pudendal vein b)Internal pudendal nerve c)Internal pudendal aery d)Obturator internus muscle Answer:d, Obturator internus muscle Alcock canal or pudendal canal stas from the lesser sciatic notch and runs forward on the medial surface of the ischial tuberosity up to the pubic arch where it is continuous with the deep perineal pouch. Contents of the pudendal canal are:Pudendal nervePudendal aery and veinWithin the canal pudendal nerve give rise to following branches:Perineal nerveDorsal nerve of penis or clitorisRef: Hoffman B.L., Schorge J.O., Schaffer J.I., Halvorson L.M., Bradshaw K.D., Cunningham F.G., Calver L.E. (2012). Chapter 38. Anatomy. "," All of the following structures passes through the Alcock canal, EXCEPT? A. Internal pudendal vein B. Internal pudendal nerve C. Internal pudendal aery D. Obturator internus muscle Answer: D. Obturator internus muscle " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Kunkel's test is done to demonstrate presence of ................. in blood.? A)Lead B)CuSO4 C)CO D)Dhatura Answer:C- CO Carbon monoxide (CO) "," Kunkel's test is done to demonstrate presence of ................. in blood.? A. Lead B. CuSO4 C. CO D. Dhatura Answer: C. CO " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A nurse learns older adults are at higher risk for complications after surgery. What reasons for this does the nurse understand? (Select all that apply.) a. Decreased cardiac output b. Decreased oxygenation c. Frequent nocturia d. Mobility alterations e. Inability to adapt to changes f. Slower reaction times Answer: A, B, C, D, F Older adults have many age-related physiologic changes that put them at higher risk of falling and other complications after surgery. Some of these include decreased cardiac output, decreased oxygenation of tissues, nocturia, mobility alterations, and slower reaction times. They also have a decreased ability to adapt to new surroundings, but that is not the same as being unable to adapt. "," A nurse learns older adults are at higher risk for complications after surgery. What reasons for this does the nurse understand? (Select all that apply.) A. Decreased cardiac output B. Decreased oxygenation C. Frequent nocturia D. Mobility alterations E. Inability to adapt to changes F. Slower reaction times Answer: A. Decreased cardiac output, B. Decreased oxygenation, C. Frequent nocturia, D. Mobility alterations, F. Slower reaction times " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 26 year old female patients presents to emegency with history of consuming hair dye paraphenylenediamine . What shall be the expected outcome in such patient ? a-Blindness b-Nerve pathology c-Dermatitis d-Rhabdomyolysis Answer:d, Rhabdomyolysis "," A 26 year old female patients presents to emegency with history of consuming hair dye paraphenylenediamine . What shall be the expected outcome in such patient ? A. Blindness B. Nerve pathology C. Dermatitis D. Rhabdomyolysis Answer: D. Rhabdomyolysis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The nurse would do which of the following activities during the diagnosing phase of the nursing process? Select all that apply. A. Collect and organize client information B. Analyze data C. Identify problems, risk, and client strengths D. Develop nursing diagnoses E. Develop client goals Answer: B. Analyze data C. Identify problems, risk, and client strengths D. Develop nursing diagnoses Rationale: The diagnosing phase of the nursing process involves data analysis, which leads to identification of problems, risks, and strengths and the development of nursing diagnoses. Collecting and organizing client data is done in the assessment phase of the nursing process. Goal setting occurs during the planning phase. "," The nurse would do which of the following activities during the diagnosing phase of the nursing process? Select all that apply. A. Collect and organize client information B. Analyze data C. Identify problems, risk, and client strengths D. Develop nursing diagnoses E. Develop client goals Answer: B. Analyze data C. Identify problems, risk, and client strengths D. Develop nursing diagnoses " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The advantage of using a tooth positioner as a retainer is? 1 Final setting of occlusion 2 Used in uncooperative patients 3 Esthetics 4 Gingival margin inflamed during orthodontic treatment Answer: Gingival margin inflamed during orthodontic treatment The use of a tooth positioner rather than final settling archwires has two advantages:  It allows the fixed appliance to be removed somewhat more quickly than otherwise would have been the case (i.e., some finishing that could have been done with the final archwires can be left to the positioner) It serves not only to reposition the teeth but also to massage the gingiva, which is almost always at least slightly inflamed and swollen after comprehensive orthodontic treatment. The gingival stimulation provided by a positioner is an excellent way to promote a rapid return to normal gingival contours. As a general rule, a tooth positioner in a cooperative patient will produce any changes it is capable of within 2-3 weeks. Final (post-treatment) records and retainer impressions can be taken 2 or 3 weeks after the positioner is placed. Beyond that time, if the positioner is continued, it is serving as a retainer rather than a finishing device-and positioners, as a rule, are not good retainers. Contemporary orthodontics- proffit 4th edition page 614 "," The advantage of using a tooth positioner as a retainer is? A. Final setting of occlusion B. Used in uncooperative patients C. Esthetics D. Gingival margin inflamed during orthodontic treatment Answer: D. Gingival margin inflamed during orthodontic treatment " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Predominant bacteria found in two days old plaque? a - Streptococci b - Bacteroides c - Spirocheates d - Actinomyces Answer: Streptococci "," Predominant bacteria found in two days old plaque? A. Streptococci B. Bacteroides C. Spirocheates D. Actinomyces Answer: A. Streptococci " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Commonest site of liquifactive necrosis is? Brain Kidney Liver Spleen Answer: A, Brain "," Commonest site of liquifactive necrosis is? A. Brain B. Kidney C. Liver D. Spleen Answer: A. Brain " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Dispropoionately increased blood urea levels compared to serum creatinine (urea creatinine ratio 20:1) can be seen in the following except? A)Prerenal failure B)CCF C)Intrinsic renal failure D)Hypovolemia Answer:C, Intrinsic renal failure "," Dispropoionately increased blood urea levels compared to serum creatinine (urea creatinine ratio 20:1) can be seen in the following except? A. Prerenal failure B. CCF C. Intrinsic renal failure D. Hypovolemia Answer: C. Intrinsic renal failure " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following test is used to estimate the amount of fetal maternal hemorrhage? 1 Coomb's test 2 Apt test 3 Liley's spectrophotometer 4 Kleihauer betke test Answer: Kleihauer betke test KLEIHAUER BETKE TEST or ACID ELUTION TEST done to measure the amount of feto maternal hemorrhage usually in an Rh negative mother to calculate the dose of anti D required This method is based on the fact that an acid solution (citric acid phosphate buffer, pH 3.5) elutes the adult but not the fetal hemoglobin from the red cells; can detect as little as 0.2 ml of fetal blood diluted in 5 L of maternal blood. More accurate tests are immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Schiller test:- Schiller's iodine solution is applied to the uterine cervix under direct vision. Normal mucosa contains glycogen and stains brown, whereas abnormal areas, such as early CIN, do not take up the stain and appear white/yellow. Liley's spectrophotometer: Spectrophotometric analysis of amniotic fluid at optical density difference at 450 nm wavelength to see detion bulge in Rh hemolytic disease. "," Which of the following test is used to estimate the amount of fetal maternal hemorrhage? A. Coomb's test B. Apt test C. Liley's spectrophotometer D. Kleihauer betke test Answer: D. Kleihauer betke test " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A victim of Tsunami has difficulty in overcoming the experience. She still recollects the happening in dreams and thoughts. The most likely diagnosis is? a)Post traumatic stress disorder b)Conversion disorder c)Panic disorder d)Phobia Answer:a, Post traumatic stress disorder PTSD is characterised by recurrent and intrusive recollections of the stressful event, either in flashbacks (images, thoughts, or perceptions) and/or in dreams. There is an associated sense of re-experiencing of the stressful event. There is marked avoidance of the events or situations that arouse recollections of the stressful event, along with marked symptoms of anxiety and increased arousal. The other impoant clinical features of PTSD include paial amnesia for some aspects of the stressful event, feeling of numbness, and anhedonia (inability to experience pleasure). Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no. 112 "," A victim of Tsunami has difficulty in overcoming the experience. She still recollects the happening in dreams and thoughts. The most likely diagnosis is? A. Post traumatic stress disorder B. Conversion disorder C. Panic disorder D. Phobia Answer: A. Post traumatic stress disorder " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The drug of choice in digitalis induced ventricular arrhythmias is? a-I.V. Lignocaine b-Phenytoin c-Quinidine d-Procainamide Answer:a, I.V. Lignocaine "," The drug of choice in digitalis induced ventricular arrhythmias is? A. I.V. Lignocaine B. Phenytoin C. Quinidine D. Procainamide Answer: A. I.V. Lignocaine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Diffuse specific lesions on intestinal biopsy are seen in -a) Celiac sprueb) Whipples diseasec) Agammaglobulinemia d) Abetalipoproteinemal? 1 abc 2 bcd 3 ac 4 bd Answer:2- bcd "," Diffuse specific lesions on intestinal biopsy are seen in -a) Celiac sprueb) Whipples diseasec) Agammaglobulinemia d) Abetalipoproteinemal? A. abc B. bcd C. ac D. bd Answer: B. bcd " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which disease is associated with the Father of Public Health? Malaria Cholera Tuberculosis Plague Answer: b "," Which disease is associated with the Father of Public Health? A. Malaria B. Cholera C. Tuberculosis D. Plague Answer: B. Cholera " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A patient on amiodarone is diagnosed to have cornea verticillata. What should be management –? A.Stop the drug B.Penetrating keratoplasty C.Lamellar keratoplasty D.Observation Answer:A. Stop the drug "," A patient on amiodarone is diagnosed to have cornea verticillata. What should be management –? A. Stop the drug B. Penetrating keratoplasty C. Lamellar keratoplasty D. Observation Answer: A. Stop the drug " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -The incubation period of mumps is? -1 -2 weeks -2-3 weeks -3-4 weeks -4-5 weeks Answer: B 2-3 weeks "," The incubation period of mumps is? A. 1 -2 weeks B. 2-3 weeks C. 3-4 weeks D. 4-5 weeks Answer: B. 2-3 weeks " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Chronotrophic means: March 2010? 1 Drugs affecting the contractility of hea 2 Drugs affecting hea rate 3 Drugs affecting the myocardial blood flow 4 Drugs affecting diastolic relaxation Answer:2- Drugs affecting hea rate "," Chronotrophic means: March 2010? A. Drugs affecting the contractility of hea B. Drugs affecting hea rate C. Drugs affecting the myocardial blood flow D. Drugs affecting diastolic relaxation Answer: B. Drugs affecting hea rate " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most common anterior mediastinal tumor? a - Thymoma b - Neurofibroma c - Pericardial cyst d - Bronchogenic cyst Answer: Thymoma "," Most common anterior mediastinal tumor? A. Thymoma B. Neurofibroma C. Pericardial cyst D. Bronchogenic cyst Answer: A. Thymoma " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Not characteristic feature of granuloma ? a,Chronic inflammatory infiltrate bEpitheloid cell,c.Giant cell,d. PMN's with fibrinoid necrosis with cellular infiltrates Answer: d, PMN's with fibrinoid necrosis with cellular infiltrates "," Not characteristic feature of granuloma ? A. Chronic inflammatory infiltrate B. Epitheloid cell C. Giant cell D. PMN's with fibrinoid necrosis with cellular infiltrates Answer: D. PMN's with fibrinoid necrosis with cellular infiltrates " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Mad Cow disease (Spongiform disease) occurs due to? a)C J virus b)Arena Virus c)Kuru Virus d)Parvo Virus Answer:a, C J virus Mad cow disease or bovine spongiform encephalopathy i.e. Caused by “prions” “PRIONS” are unconventional transmissible agents, proteinaceous in nature.” Diseases caused by prions are Kuru Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease. Gerstmann Straussler Scheinker Syndrome Fatal Familial Insomnia. Scrapie Of Sheep Transmissible Encephalopathy of Mink. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (Mad Cow Disease) "," Mad Cow disease (Spongiform disease) occurs due to? A. C J virus B. Arena Virus C. Kuru Virus D. Parvo Virus Answer: A. C J virus " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In caloric test, cold water stimulation causes movement of eye? A.Some side B.Opposite side C.Up D.Do\vn Answer:B. Opposite side Ans. is 'b' i.e., Opposite side [Ref: Dhingra 5th/e p. 48}o Each ear is irrigated twice : once with cold water (70C below the body temperature, i. e. 300C) and then with warm water (70C above the body temperature, i.e. 440C).o Cold water provokes nystagmus towards the opposite ear, while warm water provokes nystagmus towardssame ear (COWS Cold - oppsite, Warm - same). "," In caloric test, cold water stimulation causes movement of eye? A. Some side B. Opposite side C. Up D. Do\vn Answer: B. Opposite side " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: a child gets good marks in his exam and his father got a bicycle, he staed to read well, what is the line of therapy? 1 positive reinforcement 2 negative reinforcement 3 omission 4 punishment Answer: positive reinforcement Behavioral therapy is learning given by BF Skinner , according to him all behaviors are learned phenomenon and thus can be unlearned Positive reinforcement a type of reinforcement when a behavior is rewarded there is more chance that the behavior is repeated Negative reinforcement is that when a behavior is done and an aversive response is removed, the behavior is repeated. When I go and meet my girlfriend, she checks my messages and picks up fight (aversive response) suddenly I delete all messages one day and that day there was no fight (no aversive response) then that behavior is repeated (delete all messages before meeting my girlfriend) Extinction is the type of reinforcement where a behavior is done and a rewarding response is removed the chance is that behavior will not be repeated A child likes to play with children( reward) but when the child fights with other children( undesirable behavior) the child will be removed from playing( removing a reward) , then the child stops fighting with other children( reduction of undesirable behaviour) Ref. kaplon and sadock synopsis, 11 th edition, pg no. 845 "," a child gets good marks in his exam and his father got a bicycle, he staed to read well, what is the line of therapy? A. positive reinforcement B. negative reinforcement C. omission D. punishment Answer: A. positive reinforcement " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Abnormal function of epithelial chloride channel protein is the cause of? a - Ehlers Danlos syndrome b - Marfan syndrome c - Cystic fibrosis d - Diabetes insipidus Answer: Cystic fibrosis "," Abnormal function of epithelial chloride channel protein is the cause of? A. Ehlers Danlos syndrome B. Marfan syndrome C. Cystic fibrosis D. Diabetes insipidus Answer: C. Cystic fibrosis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Congenital rubella syndrome - true is A/E? -Microcephaly -VSD -Conduction defect -All Answer: c "," Congenital rubella syndrome - true is A/E? A. Microcephaly B. VSD C. Conduction defect D. All Answer: C. Conduction defect " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Redistribution phenomenon is seen in? a-Halothane b-Ether c-Thiopentone d-All Answer:c, Thiopentone "," Redistribution phenomenon is seen in? A. Halothane B. Ether C. Thiopentone D. All Answer: C. Thiopentone " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Generally, radiotherapy should not be used for treating benign conditions. The only possible exception being? a-Chondromyxoid fibroma b-Extensive pigmented villonodular synovitis c-Benign fibrous histiocytoma d-Desmoplastic fibroma so extensive that it cannot be surgically excise Answer:b, Extensive pigmented villonodular synovitis "," Generally, radiotherapy should not be used for treating benign conditions. The only possible exception being? A. Chondromyxoid fibroma B. Extensive pigmented villonodular synovitis C. Benign fibrous histiocytoma D. Desmoplastic fibroma so extensive that it cannot be surgically excise Answer: B. Extensive pigmented villonodular synovitis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Most common cause of unilateral proptosis is? -Thyrotoxicosis -Retinoblastoma -Intraocular haemorrhage -Raised intracranial tension Answer: A: Thyrotoxicosis "," Most common cause of unilateral proptosis is? A. Thyrotoxicosis B. Retinoblastoma C. Intraocular haemorrhage D. Raised intracranial tension Answer: A. Thyrotoxicosis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All the following can be used to grow human viruses except? a)Continuous cell lines b)Suckling mice c)Embryonated egg d)Enriched media Answer:d, Enriched media The virus needs cellular components for there growth "," All the following can be used to grow human viruses except? A. Continuous cell lines B. Suckling mice C. Embryonated egg D. Enriched media Answer: D. Enriched media " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 7-year-old boy, Manoj underwent successful chemotherapy and cranial radiation for the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia. One month after the completion of therapy, the patient presented with excessive thirst and urination plus hypernatremia. Laboratory testing revealed pituitary diabetes insipidus. To corect these problems, this patient is likely to be treated with? Coicotropin Desmopressin hCG Menotropins Answer: B, Desmopressin "," A 7-year-old boy, Manoj underwent successful chemotherapy and cranial radiation for the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia. One month after the completion of therapy, the patient presented with excessive thirst and urination plus hypernatremia. Laboratory testing revealed pituitary diabetes insipidus. To corect these problems, this patient is likely to be treated with? A. Coicotropin B. Desmopressin C. hCG D. Menotropins Answer: B. Desmopressin " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A nurse recently hired to the preoperative area learns that certain clients are at higher risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Which clients are considered to be at high risk? (Select all that apply.) a. Client with a humerus fracture b. Morbidly obese client c. Client who smokes d. Client with severe heart failure e. Wheelchair-bound client f. 50 years of age or older Answer: B, C, D, E All surgical clients should be assessed for VTE risk. Those considered to be at higher risk include those who are obese; are over 40; have cancer; have decreased mobility, immobility, or a spinal cord injury; have a history of any thrombotic event, varicose veins, or edema; take oral contraceptives or smoke; have decreased cardiac output; have a hip fracture; or are having total hip or knee surgery. "," A nurse recently hired to the preoperative area learns that certain clients are at higher risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Which clients are considered to be at high risk? (Select all that apply.) A. Client with a humerus fracture B. Morbidly obese client C. Client who smokes D. Client with severe heart failure E. Wheelchair-bound client F. 50 years of age or older Answer: B. Morbidly obese client, C. Client who smokes, D. Client with severe heart failure, E. Wheelchair-bound client " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Household insectiside used for malaria? A.Malathion B.Pyrethrum C.Paris green D.Permethrin Answer:A. Malathion Ans. is 'a' i.e., Malathion* Insectisides used for control of malaria are-i) Residual sprapy-# In residual spray, spraying of houses with residual insectisides is done. Residual insectisides remains active over extended periods i.e., they have residual action even after the time of spray.# Commonly used residual insectisides are - Malathion, DDT, Lindane, propoxure (OMS-33).ToxicantDosage in g/m2Average duration of effectiveness (months)DDT1 to 26 to 12Lindane0-53Malathion23OMS-3323ii) Space spray# Space sprays are those where the insecticidal formation is sprayed into the atmosphere in the form of a mist or fog to kill insect. Action is short lived and temporary since there is no residual action.# The most commonly used space spray insecticide is Pyrethrum.# New equipment has been developed to use residual insectiside as space spray by ultra low volume (ULV) technique. Malathions and fenthion are most commonly used. "," Household insectiside used for malaria? A. Malathion B. Pyrethrum C. Paris green D. Permethrin Answer: A. Malathion " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -A 3-year-old male has come for a routine dental check up. Intra-oral examination reveals good oral hygiene and open proximal contacts. During previous dental appointments, he was cooperative. Which radiographic assessment should be done for this patient? -No radiographic assessment. -Bitewing Radiographs -Intraoral periapical radiograph -Occlusal radiographs Answer: A No radiographic assessment. "," A 3-year-old male has come for a routine dental check up. Intra-oral examination reveals good oral hygiene and open proximal contacts. During previous dental appointments, he was cooperative. Which radiographic assessment should be done for this patient? A. No radiographic assessment. B. Bitewing Radiographs C. Intraoral periapical radiograph D. Occlusal radiographs Answer: A. No radiographic assessment. " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Crural index is? -Length of tibia/femur x 100 -Length of radius/humerus x 100 -Length of fibula/tibia x 100 -Length of radius/ulna x 100 Answer: a "," Crural index is? A. Length of tibia/femur x 100 B. Length of radius/humerus x 100 C. Length of fibula/tibia x 100 D. Length of radius/ulna x 100 Answer: A. Length of tibia/femur x 100 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Eating disorder with normal weight is? Anorexia nervosa Bulimia nervosa Binge eating disorder None of the above Answer: B.Bulimia nervosa "," Eating disorder with normal weight is? A. Anorexia nervosa B. Bulimia nervosa C. Binge eating disorder D. None of the above Answer: B. Bulimia nervosa " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is TRUE about branchial cyst? 1 Usually seen along the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle 2 Mostly arises from 2nd branchial system 3 Always present in preschool children 4 Conservatory treatment is indicated Answer: Mostly arises from 2nd branchial system Branchial cleft cysts usually present as a soft cystic mass along the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. These lesions are usually recognized in the second or third decades of life. To prevent recurrent infection and possible carcinoma, they should be completely excised, along with their fistulous tracts. First branchial cleft cysts present high in the neck, sometimes just below the ear. A fistulous connection with the floor of the external auditory canal may be present. Second branchial cleft cysts, which are far more common, may communicate with the tonsillar fossa. Third branchial cleft cysts, which may communicate with the piriform sinus, are rare and present low in the neck. Ref: Lustig L.R., Schindler J.S. (2013). Chapter 8. Ear, Nose, & Throat Disorders. In M.A. Papadakis, S.J. McPhee, M.W. Rabow, T.G. Berger (Eds), CURRENT Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2014. "," Which of the following is TRUE about branchial cyst? A. Usually seen along the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle B. Mostly arises from 2nd branchial system C. Always present in preschool children D. Conservatory treatment is indicated Answer: B. Mostly arises from 2nd branchial system " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Puetz-Jegher syndrome is characterised by? 1 Deafness 2 Multiple supernumerary teeth 3 Multiple intestinal polyps 4 Scleroderma Answer:3 - Multiple intestinal polyps "," Puetz-Jegher syndrome is characterised by? A. Deafness B. Multiple supernumerary teeth C. Multiple intestinal polyps D. Scleroderma Answer: C. Multiple intestinal polyps " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Children can reach for objects by? 4 months 6 months 8 months 10 months Answer: A.4 months "," Children can reach for objects by? A. 4 months B. 6 months C. 8 months D. 10 months Answer: A. 4 months " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Seal finger and whale finger are associated with? A.Listeria B.Erysipelothrix C.Corynebacterium D.Treponema Answer:B. Erysipelothrix "," Seal finger and whale finger are associated with? A. Listeria B. Erysipelothrix C. Corynebacterium D. Treponema Answer: B. Erysipelothrix " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: 16 yr unmarried girl came for vaccination against cervical cancer. Which vaccine to he given? Gardasil Rabivac Biovac Tvac Answer: a "," 16 yr unmarried girl came for vaccination against cervical cancer. Which vaccine to he given? A. Gardasil B. Rabivac C. Biovac D. Tvac Answer: A. Gardasil " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A person working in an abattoir presented with pustule on hand which turned into ulcer. Which of the following will best help in diagnosis? 1 Polychrome methylene blue 2 Carbol fuchsin 3 Acid fast stain 4 Calcofluor white Answer:1 - Polychrome methylene blue Cutaneous anthrax generally occurs on exposed surfaces of the arms or hands. A pruritic papule develops 1-7 days after entry of the organisms and rapidly changes into a necrotic ulcer. The lesion is called a malignant pustule. The anthrax bacillus is Gram positive and nonacid fast. The spores do not stain by ordinary methods. When blood films containing anthrax bacilli are stained with polychrome methylene blue for a few seconds and are examined under microscope, an amorphous purplish material is noticed around the bacilli. This represents the capsular material and is characteristic of the anthrax bacillus. This is called ""McFadyean's reaction"" and is employed for the presumptive diagnosis of anthrax. Ref: Ananthanarayan and Paniker's Textbook of Microbiology By Ananthanarayan And Paniker, 2006, Page 242. "," A person working in an abattoir presented with pustule on hand which turned into ulcer. Which of the following will best help in diagnosis? A. Polychrome methylene blue B. Carbol fuchsin C. Acid fast stain D. Calcofluor white Answer: A. Polychrome methylene blue " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A four-year-old child is diagnosed with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, an X-linked recessive disorder. Genetic anylysis shows that the patient&;s gene for the muscle protein dystrophin contains a mutation in its promoter region. What would be the most likely effect of this mutation? Tailing of dystrophin mRNA will be defective Capping of dystropin mRNA will be defective Termination of dystrophin transcription will be deficient. Initiation of dystrophin transcription will be deficient Answer: D.Initiation of dystrophin transcription will be deficient "," A four-year-old child is diagnosed with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, an X-linked recessive disorder. Genetic anylysis shows that the patient&;s gene for the muscle protein dystrophin contains a mutation in its promoter region. What would be the most likely effect of this mutation? A. Tailing of dystrophin mRNA will be defective B. Capping of dystropin mRNA will be defective C. Termination of dystrophin transcription will be deficient. D. Initiation of dystrophin transcription will be deficient Answer: D. Initiation of dystrophin transcription will be deficient " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Earliest clinical feature of Senile cataract? -Glare -Frequent change of glasses -Coloured halos -Uniocular polyopia Answer: a: Glare "," Earliest clinical feature of Senile cataract? A. Glare B. Frequent change of glasses C. Coloured halos D. Uniocular polyopia Answer: A. Glare " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Child protection scheme is under which ministry? a-Ministry of health and family welfare b-Ministry' of Social welfare c-Ministry' of women and child development d-Ministry of education Answer:c, Ministry' of women and child development "," Child protection scheme is under which ministry? A. Ministry of health and family welfare B. Ministry' of Social welfare C. Ministry' of women and child development D. Ministry of education Answer: C. Ministry' of women and child development " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Antiboiotic Prophylaxis for infective endocarditis is indicated in? A.Isolated secundum ASD B.Mitral valve prolapse without regurgitation C.Prior coronary aery bypass graft D.Coarctation of aoa Answer:D. Coarctation of aoa Answer is D (Coarctation of Aoa) Coarctation of Aoa is a high risk cardiac lesion fior the development of infective endocarditis and an indication fir antibiotic prophyloxis. "," Antiboiotic Prophylaxis for infective endocarditis is indicated in? A. Isolated secundum ASD B. Mitral valve prolapse without regurgitation C. Prior coronary aery bypass graft D. Coarctation of aoa Answer: D. Coarctation of aoa " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Lens develops from? A)Endoderm B)Mesoderm C)Surface ectoderm D)Neuroectoderm Answer:C- Surface ectoderm Ans. c (Surface ectoderm). (Ref. Human Embryology by IB Singh, 6th/352)LENS# LENS develops from surface ectoderm.# Compared to the cornea, it has a much lower converging power of 17 diopters because of the relatively similar refractive indices of aqueous humor, lens, and vitreous body (cornea 42 D).# However, the lens is the only part of the refractive apparatus that is adjustable.# Adjustment to near vision (accommodation) therefore involves only the lens.# In addition, the lens functions as a UV filter for wavelengths between 300 and 400 nm and thus has a protective function for the macula.# Notching of the lens = ""pseudocoloboma"".# Wilson's disease can induce a yellow-green lens discoloration (chalcosis/ sunflower cataract).# Granular gold deposits located under the lens (chrysiasis lends) can occasionally occur after prolonged treatment with gold preparations (e. g. in primary chronic polyarthritis ).# Other medications, e.g., amiodarone or chlorpromazine, are sometimes deposited in the lens.# In patients with cataract, glittering cholesterol crystals are not infrequently found in the lens (so-called Christmas tree/ decoration cataract). "," Lens develops from? A. Endoderm B. Mesoderm C. Surface ectoderm D. Neuroectoderm Answer: C. Surface ectoderm " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Epithelial rests of Malassez are found in? a)Pulp b)Gingiva c)Periodontal Ligament d)Alveolar mucosa Answer:c, Periodontal Ligament "," Epithelial rests of Malassez are found in? A. Pulp B. Gingiva C. Periodontal Ligament D. Alveolar mucosa Answer: C. Periodontal Ligament " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Iron absorption is inhibited by all except? a,Vitamin C bPhytates,c.Caffeine,d. Milk Answer: a, Vitamin C "," Iron absorption is inhibited by all except? A. Vitamin C B. Phytates C. Caffeine D. Milk Answer: A. Vitamin C " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most common site of histiocytosis is? a,Bone bSkin,c.Lung,d. Liver Answer: a, Bone "," Most common site of histiocytosis is? A. Bone B. Skin C. Lung D. Liver Answer: A. Bone " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Curschmann spirals are found in? -Broncitis -Asthma -Bronchiectasis -Lung abscesses Answer: b: Asthma "," Curschmann spirals are found in? A. Broncitis B. Asthma C. Bronchiectasis D. Lung abscesses Answer: B. Asthma " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -True statement regarding sarcoma botryoides:a) Involvement of vaginab) Grape like growth seenc) Common in old aged) Malignant? -abd -bcd -abc -ab Answer: a: abd "," True statement regarding sarcoma botryoides:a) Involvement of vaginab) Grape like growth seenc) Common in old aged) Malignant? A. abd B. bcd C. abc D. ab Answer: A. abd " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Yoke muscle pair is? a)Rt LR and Rt MR b)Rt so and Lt Io c)Rt LR and Lt MR d)All the above Answer:c, Rt LR and Lt MR Right lateral rectus and left medial rectus. Yolk muscles are pair of muscles one from eye which contracts simultaneously during version movement. "," Yoke muscle pair is? A. Rt LR and Rt MR B. Rt so and Lt Io C. Rt LR and Lt MR D. All the above Answer: C. Rt LR and Lt MR " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Mechanism of action of cyanide poisoning:September 2010? Inhibits protein breakdown Inhibits DNA synthesis Inhibits protein syntheisi Blocks Cytochrome enzyme P- 450 Answer: D.Blocks Cytochrome enzyme P- 450 "," Mechanism of action of cyanide poisoning:September 2010? A. Inhibits protein breakdown B. Inhibits DNA synthesis C. Inhibits protein syntheisi D. Blocks Cytochrome enzyme P- 450 Answer: D. Blocks Cytochrome enzyme P- 450 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is true about venous thrombosis? 1 It affects only the deep venous system 2 Most impoant factor for development of deep venous thrombosis is hospital admission 3 Coralline thrombus is platelet aggregate surrounded by white blood cells 4 Lung infarction is a common complication of deep venous thrombosis Answer:2- Most impoant factor for development of deep venous thrombosis is hospital admission "," Which of the following is true about venous thrombosis? A. It affects only the deep venous system B. Most impoant factor for development of deep venous thrombosis is hospital admission C. Coralline thrombus is platelet aggregate surrounded by white blood cells D. Lung infarction is a common complication of deep venous thrombosis Answer: B. Most impoant factor for development of deep venous thrombosis is hospital admission " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following drugs used to treat type II diabetes mellitus causes weight loss? A)Metformin B)Glimepiride C)Repaglinide D)Gliclazide Answer:A, Metformin "," Which of the following drugs used to treat type II diabetes mellitus causes weight loss? A. Metformin B. Glimepiride C. Repaglinide D. Gliclazide Answer: A. Metformin " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: IgA deposits on skin biopsy? A.Henoch Schouleiln puspura B.Giant cell aeritis C.Microscopic polyangitis D.Wegener's granulomatosis Answer:A. Henoch Schouleiln puspura A.i.e. Henosch Schonlein purpura "," IgA deposits on skin biopsy? A. Henoch Schouleiln puspura B. Giant cell aeritis C. Microscopic polyangitis D. Wegener's granulomatosis Answer: A. Henoch Schouleiln puspura " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Bilateral spider leg sign on IVP is suggestive of? Polycystic kidney Hydronephrosis Hypernephroma Renal stones Answer: a "," Bilateral spider leg sign on IVP is suggestive of? A. Polycystic kidney B. Hydronephrosis C. Hypernephroma D. Renal stones Answer: A. Polycystic kidney " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All are true about halothane except? Tachycardia Hepatitis Bronchodilatation Uterine relaxation Answer: a "," All are true about halothane except? A. Tachycardia B. Hepatitis C. Bronchodilatation D. Uterine relaxation Answer: A. Tachycardia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A nurse is caring for several clients in the morning prior to surgery. Which medications taken by the clients require the nurse to consult with the primary health care provider about their administration? (Select all that apply.) a. Insulin b. Omega-3 fatty acids c. Phenytoin d. Metoprolol e. Warfarin f. Prednisone Answer: A, C, D, E, F Although the client will be on NPO status before surgery, the nurse should check with the primary health care provider about allowing the client to take medications prescribed for diabetes, hypertension, cardiac disease, seizure disorders, depression, glaucoma, anticoagulation, or depression and steroids. Metformin is used to treat diabetes; phenytoin is for seizures; metoprolol is for cardiac disease and/or hypertension; and warfarin is an anticoagulant. The omega-3 fatty acids can be held the day of surgery. "," A nurse is caring for several clients in the morning prior to surgery. Which medications taken by the clients require the nurse to consult with the primary health care provider about their administration? (Select all that apply.) A. Insulin B. Omega-3 fatty acids C. Phenytoin D. Metoprolol E. Warfarin F. Prednisone Answer: A. Insulin, C. Phenytoin, D. Metoprolol, E. Warfarin, F. Prednisone " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Isotope (s) used in high dose rate brachytherapy – a) lr192b) Co–60c) Cs–l33d) Ra 226 e) Pd103? 1 ac 2 a 3 ab 4 bc Answer:3- ab "," Isotope (s) used in high dose rate brachytherapy – a) lr192b) Co–60c) Cs–l33d) Ra 226 e) Pd103? A. ac B. a C. ab D. bc Answer: C. ab " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Anita 15-year-old, complains of heavy periods since 2 months. O/E: wt 40 kg and BP 120/80 mmHg. All of the following investigations are indicated, except? TSH Platelet count Bleeding and clotting time Estradiol levels Answer: D.Estradiol levels "," Anita 15-year-old, complains of heavy periods since 2 months. O/E: wt 40 kg and BP 120/80 mmHg. All of the following investigations are indicated, except? A. TSH B. Platelet count C. Bleeding and clotting time D. Estradiol levels Answer: D. Estradiol levels " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Infertility issues with leiomyoma can be addressed by? a)Combined oral contraceptive pills b)DMPA c)GnRH agonist d)Ulipristal Answer:c, GnRH agonist GnRH agonist treatment is approved for treating infertility associated with fibroid uterus. "," Infertility issues with leiomyoma can be addressed by? A. Combined oral contraceptive pills B. DMPA C. GnRH agonist D. Ulipristal Answer: C. GnRH agonist " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The following infection resembles malignancy? a-Echinococcus granulosus b-E. multilocularis c-E.vogeli d-E. oligarthus Answer:b, E. multilocularis "," The following infection resembles malignancy? A. Echinococcus granulosus B. E. multilocularis C. E.vogeli D. E. oligarthus Answer: B. E. multilocularis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: 40 year old male with sputum AFB +ve,complains of Hoarseness of voice and painful swallowing on examination vocal cord shows mamillated adenoids and hyperaemia the most likely diagnosis is? Rinke's edema Epiglottitis TB larynx Cancer of larynx Answer: C.TB larynx "," 40 year old male with sputum AFB +ve,complains of Hoarseness of voice and painful swallowing on examination vocal cord shows mamillated adenoids and hyperaemia the most likely diagnosis is? A. Rinke's edema B. Epiglottitis C. TB larynx D. Cancer of larynx Answer: C. TB larynx " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All of the following cause hyperventilation except? 1 Decreased pH in CSF 2 Decreased plasma HCO3 3 CO poisoning 4 Increased adrenergic levels Answer:3 - CO poisoning Arterial hypoxemia is defined as an arterial P02 (partial pressure of oxygen) less than 80 mmHg, who is breathing room air at sea level. And because the partial pressure of a gas is determined by the soluble fraction of gas and not by the amount carried chemically bound to hemoglobin - the Hb does not determine P02 and hypoxemia does not depend on Hb level. In CO poisoning effective hemoglobin that can carry O2 decreases (because CO occupies Hb binding site) since P02 or arterial blood O2 remains normal, peripheral chemoreceptors are not stimulated and hyperventilation is not seen.  In hypoxia, with the reduction of PO2 cerebral blood flow increases (d/t vaso dilatation)to maintain O2 delivery in the brain. The cerebral cortex can tolerate acute hypoxia for 5-10 min at 28°C, 20 min at 20°C, and 50 min at 50°C. Hypoxic ischemia almost invariably involve hippocampus. The hippocampal CA1 neurons are vulnerable to even brief episodes of hypoxic ischemia. "," All of the following cause hyperventilation except? A. Decreased pH in CSF B. Decreased plasma HCO3 C. CO poisoning D. Increased adrenergic levels Answer: C. CO poisoning " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -All are TRUE about the relation of inguinal canal, EXCEPT? -Internal oblique forms the roof -Inguinal ligament forms the floor -Fascia transversalis forms anterior wall -Interfoveolar ligament forms lateral two third of anterior wall Answer: d: Interfoveolar ligament forms lateral two third of anterior wall "," All are TRUE about the relation of inguinal canal, EXCEPT? A. Internal oblique forms the roof B. Inguinal ligament forms the floor C. Fascia transversalis forms anterior wall D. Interfoveolar ligament forms lateral two third of anterior wall Answer: D. Interfoveolar ligament forms lateral two third of anterior wall " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most common LMN cause of Facial nerve palsy is? 1 Trauma 2 Bell's palsy 3 Infections 4 Vascular causes Answer: Bell's palsy *one of the most common cause of facial weakness is bell's palsy ,a lower motor neuron lesion of the 7th (facial)nerve ,effecting all ages and both sexes *here the lesion is within the facial canal . Ref Harrison20th editionpg 1082-1083 "," Most common LMN cause of Facial nerve palsy is? A. Trauma B. Bell's palsy C. Infections D. Vascular causes Answer: B. Bell's palsy " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Subcapsular orchiectomy is done for? Ca testis Ca prostate Ca penis Ca urethra Answer: B, Ca prostate "," Subcapsular orchiectomy is done for? A. Ca testis B. Ca prostate C. Ca penis D. Ca urethra Answer: B. Ca prostate " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: You are the medical officer in charge of the immunisation programme at a sub-centre and you are informed by the local ASHA worker that one of the children who was immunised has has been dizzy. On fuher investigation it was confirmed that the symptoms were due to anxiety of pain of the injection and not as a result of the vaccine. You would consider the incidence as? A)Vaccine reaction B)Injection reaction C)Programme error D)Coincidental Answer:B- Injection reaction The following are the adverse effect following immunisation: Vaccine reaction - Here the event is caused by the inherent propeies of the vaccine when given correctly. Programme error - In this case the event is as a result of error in preparation, handling or administration of the vaccine. Coincidental - The event after immunisation is not caused by the vaccine but by a chance association. Injection reaction - The anxiety of the pain an injection itself may cause hyperventilation, dizziness etc. This is not a result of the vaccine and is called injection reaction. Ref: Park, 21st Edition, Page 103, 107. "," You are the medical officer in charge of the immunisation programme at a sub-centre and you are informed by the local ASHA worker that one of the children who was immunised has has been dizzy. On fuher investigation it was confirmed that the symptoms were due to anxiety of pain of the injection and not as a result of the vaccine. You would consider the incidence as? A. Vaccine reaction B. Injection reaction C. Programme error D. Coincidental Answer: B. Injection reaction " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All of the following murmurs may be heard in patients with aoic regurgitation except? a - High-pitched decrescendo diastolic murmur. b - Soft, low pitched mid distolic rumbling murmur. c - Mid-systolic ejection flow murmur d - Pansystolic murmur Answer: Pansystolic murmur "," All of the following murmurs may be heard in patients with aoic regurgitation except? A. High-pitched decrescendo diastolic murmur. B. Soft, low pitched mid distolic rumbling murmur. C. Mid-systolic ejection flow murmur D. Pansystolic murmur Answer: D. Pansystolic murmur " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -The type of receptors present on T cells is? -IgG -IgD -CD4 -Prostaglandins Answer: c: CD4 "," The type of receptors present on T cells is? A. IgG B. IgD C. CD4 D. Prostaglandins Answer: C. CD4 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is released from hypothalamus? A.Orexin B.Cortisol releasing hormone C.Neuropeptide D.Ghrelin Answer:B. Cortisol releasing hormone "," Which of the following is released from hypothalamus? A. Orexin B. Cortisol releasing hormone C. Neuropeptide D. Ghrelin Answer: B. Cortisol releasing hormone " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In which way is critical thinking in professional nursing practice advantageous? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a. Confidence in nurses is increased. b. Positive patient outcomes are increased. c. Effective care planning for the patient can be mapped. d. The risk for adverse effects on the patient is reduced. e. The need for interaction with colleagues is decreased. Answer: a. Confidence in nurses is increased. b. Positive patient outcomes are increased. c. Effective care planning for the patient can be mapped. d. The risk for adverse effects on the patient is reduced. "," In which way is critical thinking in professional nursing practice advantageous? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. Confidence in nurses is increased. B. Positive patient outcomes are increased. C. Effective care planning for the patient can be mapped. d. The risk for adverse effects on the patient is reduced. E. The need for interaction with colleagues is decreased. Answer: a. Confidence in nurses is increased. B. Positive patient outcomes are increased. C. Effective care planning for the patient can be mapped. d. The risk for adverse effects on the patient is reduced. " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Antemortem and postmortem wounds could be differentiated by all, except? a,Everted margins bBlood clots in surrounding,c.Swollen edges,d. Sharp edges Answer: d, Sharp edges "," Antemortem and postmortem wounds could be differentiated by all, except? A. Everted margins B. Blood clots in surrounding C. Swollen edges D. Sharp edges Answer: D. Sharp edges " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Enterobius commonly inhabit the: September 2011? A)Duodenum B)Jejunum C)Ileum D)Caecum Answer:D, Caecum "," Enterobius commonly inhabit the: September 2011? A. Duodenum B. Jejunum C. Ileum D. Caecum Answer: D. Caecum " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most common extra pulmonary involvement of TB ? Bone Lymph nodes Pleura Ileocecal Answer: B.Lymph nodes "," Most common extra pulmonary involvement of TB ? A. Bone B. Lymph nodes C. Pleura D. Ileocecal Answer: B. Lymph nodes " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Which cancer is most commonly associated with increased estrogen levels? -Cervix -Ovarian -Breast -GTN Answer: C Breast "," Which cancer is most commonly associated with increased estrogen levels? A. Cervix B. Ovarian C. Breast D. GTN Answer: C. Breast " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of these is the most impoant indication for Strassmans Metroplasty done for a bicornuate uterus? A.Infeility B.Menorrhagia C.Repeated early pregnancy losses D.Associated vaginal atresia Answer:C. Repeated early pregnancy losses "," Which of these is the most impoant indication for Strassmans Metroplasty done for a bicornuate uterus? A. Infeility B. Menorrhagia C. Repeated early pregnancy losses D. Associated vaginal atresia Answer: C. Repeated early pregnancy losses " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: 20. A nurse is using the research process. Place in order the sequence that the nurse will follow. 1. Analyze results. 2. Conduct the study 3. Identify clinical problem. 4. Develop research question. 5. Determine how study will be conducted Answer: 3, 4, 5, 2, 1 "," A nurse is using the research process. Place in order the sequence that the nurse will follow. A. Analyze results. B. Conduct the study C. Identify clinical problem. D. Develop research question. E. Determine how study will be conducted Answer: C. Identify clinical problem. D. Develop research question. E. Determine how study will be conducted B. Conduct the study A. Analyze results. " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: 40 yr old female presented with breast lump of size 4 cm with involvement of skin and mobile palpable axillary LN, FNAC of lesion showed intrductal carcinoma. What is the initial management of for this pt? a-Radiotherapy b-Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy c-Modified radical mastectomy d-Simple mastectomy Answer:b, Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy "," 40 yr old female presented with breast lump of size 4 cm with involvement of skin and mobile palpable axillary LN, FNAC of lesion showed intrductal carcinoma. What is the initial management of for this pt? A. Radiotherapy B. Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy C. Modified radical mastectomy D. Simple mastectomy Answer: B. Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Ramesh 40 yrs male patient presenting with polyuria, pain abdomen, nausea, vomitting, altered sensorium was found to have bronchogenic carcinoma. The electrolyte abnormality seen in him would be? 1 Hypokalemia 2 Hyperkalemia 3 Hypocalcaemia 4 Hypercalcemia Answer:4- Hypercalcemia "," Ramesh 40 yrs male patient presenting with polyuria, pain abdomen, nausea, vomitting, altered sensorium was found to have bronchogenic carcinoma. The electrolyte abnormality seen in him would be? A. Hypokalemia B. Hyperkalemia C. Hypocalcaemia D. Hypercalcemia Answer: D. Hypercalcemia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Provison of PHC was done by? -Bhore Committee -Chadah Committee -Shrivastava Committee -Bajaj Committee Answer: A Bhore Committee "," Provison of PHC was done by? A. Bhore Committee B. Chadah Committee C. Shrivastava Committee D. Bajaj Committee Answer: A. Bhore Committee " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Hypeension is seen with all except? A)Erythropoitin B)Cyclosporine C)NSAID D)Levodopa Answer:D, Levodopa "," Hypeension is seen with all except? A. Erythropoitin B. Cyclosporine C. NSAID D. Levodopa Answer: D. Levodopa " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which is called nerve of Wrisberg? a,Motor root of facial nerve bTympanic branch of glossopharyngeal nerve,c.Sensory root of facial nerve,d. Greater auricular nerve Answer: c, Sensory root of facial nerve "," Which is called nerve of Wrisberg? A. Motor root of facial nerve B. Tympanic branch of glossopharyngeal nerve C. Sensory root of facial nerve D. Greater auricular nerve Answer: C. Sensory root of facial nerve " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: River blindness is caused by? Onchocerca Loa Loa Ascaris B. malayi Answer: A.Onchocerca "," River blindness is caused by? A. Onchocerca B. Loa Loa C. Ascaris D. B. malayi Answer: A. Onchocerca " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Presence of spiral grooves in the barrel of weapon is referred to as? a-Rifling b-Incendiary c-Cocking d-None of the above Answer:a, Rifling "," Presence of spiral grooves in the barrel of weapon is referred to as? A. Rifling B. Incendiary C. Cocking D. None of the above Answer: A. Rifling " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The antimicrobial agent which inhibits the ergosterol biosynthesis is? Ketoconazole Amphotericin B 5-Flucytosine Griseofulvin Answer: A, Ketoconazole "," The antimicrobial agent which inhibits the ergosterol biosynthesis is? A. Ketoconazole B. Amphotericin B C. 5-Flucytosine D. Griseofulvin Answer: A. Ketoconazole " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Hassall&;s corpuscles are present in? a-Thymus b-Lymphnode c-Spleen d-Liver Answer:a, Thymus "," Hassall&;s corpuscles are present in? A. Thymus B. Lymphnode C. Spleen D. Liver Answer: A. Thymus " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All the following features favour ventricular tachycardia as the cause of broad-complex tachycardia, except? Fusion beats Extreme left axis deviation Very broad QRS complexes (> 140 ms) Non response to carotid sinus massage Answer: C, Very broad QRS complexes (> 140 ms) "," All the following features favour ventricular tachycardia as the cause of broad-complex tachycardia, except? A. Fusion beats B. Extreme left axis deviation C. Very broad QRS complexes (> 140 ms) D. Non response to carotid sinus massage Answer: C. Very broad QRS complexes (> 140 ms) " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Once the enamel formation is complete, the tooth will erupt after approximately? One year Two years Three years Four years Answer: c "," Once the enamel formation is complete, the tooth will erupt after approximately? A. One year B. Two years C. Three years D. Four years Answer: C. Three years " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Congo red staining of abdominal fat has confirmed a diagnosis of Amyloidosis in a 28-year-old man. Which is the most common cause of death in primary AL Amylodosis? Respiratory failure Cardiac failure Renal failure Septicemia Answer: b "," Congo red staining of abdominal fat has confirmed a diagnosis of Amyloidosis in a 28-year-old man. Which is the most common cause of death in primary AL Amylodosis? A. Respiratory failure B. Cardiac failure C. Renal failure D. Septicemia Answer: B. Cardiac failure " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Which of the following is an alkaloid? -Morphine -Neostigmine -Emetine -Atropine Answer: B Neostigmine "," Which of the following is an alkaloid? A. Morphine B. Neostigmine C. Emetine D. Atropine Answer: B. Neostigmine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -A 22-year-old African American male wants to know if he has sickle cell trait. He has no previous history of the signs or symptoms of sickle cell anemia. What laboratory method or test can be used to detect the presence of hemoglobin S? -Coombs' test -Osmotic fragility test -Metabisulfite test -Sucrose hemolysis test Answer: c: Metabisulfite test "," A 22-year-old African American male wants to know if he has sickle cell trait. He has no previous history of the signs or symptoms of sickle cell anemia. What laboratory method or test can be used to detect the presence of hemoglobin S? A. Coombs' test B. Osmotic fragility test C. Metabisulfite test D. Sucrose hemolysis test Answer: C. Metabisulfite test " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Single most sensitive tool for evaluating the iron status is? -Haemoglobin concentration -Serum ion concentration -Serum ferritin -Serum transferrin saturation Answer: c "," Single most sensitive tool for evaluating the iron status is? A. Haemoglobin concentration B. Serum ion concentration C. Serum ferritin D. Serum transferrin saturation Answer: C. Serum ferritin " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 25 yr old lady develops brown macular lesions over the bridge of nose and cheeks following exposure to sunlight. What is the most probable diagnosis? Chloasma Photodermatitis SLE Acne rosacea Answer: A, Chloasma "," A 25 yr old lady develops brown macular lesions over the bridge of nose and cheeks following exposure to sunlight. What is the most probable diagnosis? A. Chloasma B. Photodermatitis C. SLE D. Acne rosacea Answer: A. Chloasma " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Osteogenesis imperfecta? a - Is a sex-linked disorder of bones that develop in cartilage b - manifests with blue sclera which are pathognomonic of this disease c - May be associated with deafness d - Has associations with amelogenesis imperfecta Answer: manifests with blue sclera which are pathognomonic of this disease "," Osteogenesis imperfecta? A. Is a sex-linked disorder of bones that develop in cartilage B. manifests with blue sclera which are pathognomonic of this disease C. May be associated with deafness D. Has associations with amelogenesis imperfecta Answer: B. manifests with blue sclera which are pathognomonic of this disease " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Following are fibrous joints? A.Pubic symphysis B.Fronto parietal suture C.Manubrio sternal joint D.Inf. radio ulnar joint Answer:B. Fronto parietal suture B. i.e. Frontoparietal sutureSkull sutures (except sphen-occipital), vomer- sphenoid rostrum schindylesisQ, inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis and dentoalveolar gomphosis (tooth socket) joints are fibrous joints. A Schindylesis is a specialized suture where a rigid bone fits into a groove on a neighbouring element eg a cleft between the alae of vomer, which receives the rostrum of the sphenoid. (i.e. vomer - sphenoidal rostrum junction)Q- Epiphyseo-diaphyseal growth plateQ, costochondral, 1st chondrosternal and sphenoocipital joints are synchondrosis/ syncendrosis or primary cailaginous joints; whereas, symphysis pubis, symphysis menti, sacrococcygeal, interveebral and manubriosternal jointsQ are symphyses or secondary cailaginous joints.Aicular cailage of most (not all) synol joints are lined by hyaline cailage Q. In some synol joints the cavity is paially or completely subdivided into two by an aicular disc, made up of fibrocailage eg. Temporomadibular jt, sternoclavicular jt, menisci of knee joint. More mobile the joint the more commonly it discloates eg shoulder jtQ. MCP Jt. is a condylar - synol joint "," Following are fibrous joints? A. Pubic symphysis B. Fronto parietal suture C. Manubrio sternal joint D. Inf. radio ulnar joint Answer: B. Fronto parietal suture " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Osteoclast has specific receptor for? 1 Parathyroid hormone 2 Calcitonin 3 Thyroxin 4 Vit D3 Answer: Calcitonin Calcitonin receptor is expressed in osteoclasts. Calcitonin inhibits bone resorption by inhibiting osteoclasts; and promotes Ca2+ from blood to be deposited on the bone. This decreases blood Ca2+. PTH is a primary endocrine regulator of bone remodeling in adults. The PTH/PTHrP receptor is expressed on osteoblasts, but not on osteoclasts. "," Osteoclast has specific receptor for? A. Parathyroid hormone B. Calcitonin C. Thyroxin D. Vit D3 Answer: B. Calcitonin " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Depression is not a side effect of? Propanolol Oral contraceptives Reserpine Flupenthixol Answer: d "," Depression is not a side effect of? A. Propanolol B. Oral contraceptives C. Reserpine D. Flupenthixol Answer: D. Flupenthixol " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Risk factor for melanoma are all of the following EXCEPT: March 2013? a - Exposure to UV radiation b - Black people c - First degree relative with melanoma d - Multiple or dysplastic naevi Answer: Black people "," Risk factor for melanoma are all of the following EXCEPT: March 2013? A. Exposure to UV radiation B. Black people C. First degree relative with melanoma D. Multiple or dysplastic naevi Answer: B. Black people " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Dawn phenomenon refers to: March 2013? a,Early morning hyperglycemia bEarly morning hypoglycemia,c.Hypoglycemia followed by hyperglycemia,d. High insulin levels Answer: a, Early morning hyperglycemia "," Dawn phenomenon refers to: March 2013? A. Early morning hyperglycemia B. Early morning hypoglycemia C. Hypoglycemia followed by hyperglycemia D. High insulin levels Answer: A. Early morning hyperglycemia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: True about rash of chickenpox? a - Centripetal b - Deep Seated c - Affectspalm d - Slow to evolute Answer: Centripetal "," True about rash of chickenpox? A. Centripetal B. Deep Seated C. Affectspalm D. Slow to evolute Answer: A. Centripetal " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: PK reactio detects? 1 IgG 2 IgA 3 IgE 4 IgM Answer: IgE The Prausnitz-Kustner test (PK test, Prausnitz-Kustner reaction) is an immunologic test formerly used by physicians to determine if a patient has an allergic reaction to a specific antigen i.e, IgE Ref: Ananthanarayan & Parkers textbook of microbiology 9th edition pg:98 "," PK reactio detects? A. IgG B. IgA C. IgE D. IgM Answer: C. IgE " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Test for diagnosis of pyogenic meningitis is? A.Widal B.CSF PCR C.CSF examination D.PET scan Answer:C. CSF examination ANSWER: (C) CSF examinationREF: Harrison 17th ed chapter 376The diagnosis of bacterial meningitis is made by examination of the CSF. The need to obtain neuroimaging studies (CT or MRI) prior to LP requires clinical judgment.A broad-range PCR can detect small numbers of viable and nonviable organisms in CSF and is expected to be useful for making a diagnosis of bacterial meningitis in patients who have been pretreated with oral or parenteral antibiotics and in whom Gram's stain and CSF culture are negative "," Test for diagnosis of pyogenic meningitis is? A. Widal B. CSF PCR C. CSF examination D. PET scan Answer: C. CSF examination " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following antismoking drugs can lead to suicidal ideation? Baclofen Rimonobant Varenicline Naltrexone Answer: C, Varenicline "," Which of the following antismoking drugs can lead to suicidal ideation? A. Baclofen B. Rimonobant C. Varenicline D. Naltrexone Answer: C. Varenicline " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Oronasal intubation is not indicated in? a,Lefort 1 # bLefort 2 and 3 #,c.Parietal bone #,d. Mandibular # Answer: b, Lefort 2 and 3 # "," Oronasal intubation is not indicated in? A. Lefort 1 # B. Lefort 2 and 3 # C. Parietal bone # D. Mandibular # Answer: B. Lefort 2 and 3 # " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Ulipristal acetate is a/an? a)GnRH agonist b)Androgen antagonist c)Selective estrogen receptor modulator d)Selective progesterone receptor modulator Answer:d, Selective progesterone receptor modulator Ans. is d, i.e. Selective progesterone receptor modulatorRef: Harrison's Principles of Internal medicine 19th/ed, p2391Ulipristal acetate (trade name Ella One in the European Union, Ella in the US for contraception, and Esmya for uterine fibroid) is a selective progesterone receptor modulator (SPRM).PharmacodynamicsAs an SPRM, ulipristal acetate has partial agonistic as well as antagonistic effects on the progesterone receptor. It also binds to the glucocorticoid receptor, but is only a weak anti-glucocorticoid relative to mifepristone, and has no relevant affinity to the estrogen, androgen and mineralocorticoid receptors. Phase II clinical trials suggest that the mechanism might consist of blocking or delaying ovulation and of delaying the maturation of the endometrium.Medical Uses* Emergency contraception: For emergency contraception, a 30mg tablet is used within 120 hours (5 days) after an unprotected intercourse or contraceptive failure. It has been shown to prevent about 60% of expected, pregnancies, and prevents more pregnancies than emergency contraception with levonorgestrel.* Treatment of uterine fibroids: Ulipristal acetate is used for preoperative treatment of moderate to severe symptoms of uterine fibroids in adult women of reproductive age in a daily dose of a 5mg tablet. Treatment of uterine fibroids with ulipristal acetate for 13 weeks effectively controlled excessive bleeding due to uterine fibroids and reduced the size of the fibroids.InteractionsUlipristal acetate is metabolized by CYP3A4 in vitro. Ulipristal acetate is likely to interact with substrates of CYP3A4, like rifampicin, phenytoin, St John's wort, carbamazepine or ritonavir. Therefore, concomitant use with these agents is not recommended. It might also interact with hormonal contraceptives and progestogens such as levonorgestrel and other substrates of the progesterone receptor, as well as with glucocorticoids.Adverse EffectsCommon side effects include abdominal pain and temporary menstrual irregularity or disruption. Headache and nausea were observed under long-term administration (12 weeks), but not after a single dose.ContraindicationsUlipristal acetate should not be taken by women with severe liver diseases because of its CYP-mediated metabolism. It has not been studied in women under the age of 18.Pregnancy: Unlike levonorgestrel, and like mifepristone, ulipristal acetate is embryotoxic in animal studies. Before taking the drug, a pregnancy must be excluded. "," Ulipristal acetate is a/an? A. GnRH agonist B. Androgen antagonist C. Selective estrogen receptor modulator D. Selective progesterone receptor modulator Answer: D. Selective progesterone receptor modulator " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Epinephrine added to a solution of lignocaine for a peripheral nerve block will? 1 Increase risk of convulsions 2 Increase the duration of action of the local anesthetic 3 Both (a) and (b) 4 None of these Answer:2- Increase the duration of action of the local anesthetic "," Epinephrine added to a solution of lignocaine for a peripheral nerve block will? A. Increase risk of convulsions B. Increase the duration of action of the local anesthetic C. Both (a) and (b) D. None of these Answer: B. Increase the duration of action of the local anesthetic " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which is false regarding Gram positive cocci ? Staph. saprophyticus causes UTI in females Micrococci are oxidase positive Most enterococci are sensitive to penicillin Pneumococci are capsulated Answer: c "," Which is false regarding Gram positive cocci ? A. Staph. saprophyticus causes UTI in females B. Micrococci are oxidase positive C. Most enterococci are sensitive to penicillin D. Pneumococci are capsulated Answer: C. Most enterococci are sensitive to penicillin " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -In emergency tracheostomy all of the following structures are damaged, EXCEPT? -Isthmus of the thyroid -Inferior thyroid aery -Thyroid ima aery -Inferior thyroid vein Answer: b: Inferior thyroid aery "," In emergency tracheostomy all of the following structures are damaged, EXCEPT? A. Isthmus of the thyroid B. Inferior thyroid aery C. Thyroid ima aery D. Inferior thyroid vein Answer: B. Inferior thyroid aery " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Following are the causes of sudden loss of vision except ? A.Angle closure glaucoma B.Endophthalmitis C.Central serous retinopathy D.Corneal ulceration Answer:D. Corneal ulceration Ans. is 'd' i.e., Corneal ulceration "," Following are the causes of sudden loss of vision except ? A. Angle closure glaucoma B. Endophthalmitis C. Central serous retinopathy D. Corneal ulceration Answer: D. Corneal ulceration " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Hypopituitarism in the adult is usually due to infarction of the pituitary called as? -Simmonds’ diseases -Hilton's disease -Wilson disease -Addison disease Answer: A: Simmonds’ diseases "," Hypopituitarism in the adult is usually due to infarction of the pituitary called as? A. Simmonds’ diseases B. Hilton's disease C. Wilson disease D. Addison disease Answer: A. Simmonds’ diseases " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Which one of the following describes the flavouring substance asafoetida (Fling)? -Dried leaf extract -Exudate from chopped roots -Pith of stem boiled and dried -Dried and hardened paste of fruit Answer: B: Exudate from chopped roots "," Which one of the following describes the flavouring substance asafoetida (Fling)? A. Dried leaf extract B. Exudate from chopped roots C. Pith of stem boiled and dried D. Dried and hardened paste of fruit Answer: B. Exudate from chopped roots " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Uses of α2 agonists are all EXCEPT? a-To produce sedation b-Glaucoma c-Benign hyperplasia of prostate d-Hypertension Answer:c, Benign hyperplasia of prostate "," Uses of α2 agonists are all EXCEPT? A. To produce sedation B. Glaucoma C. Benign hyperplasia of prostate D. Hypertension Answer: C. Benign hyperplasia of prostate " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Longest acting L.A? a,Bupivacaine bTetracaine,c.Xylocaine,d. Procaine Answer: b, Tetracaine "," Longest acting L.A? A. Bupivacaine B. Tetracaine C. Xylocaine D. Procaine Answer: B. Tetracaine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In metabolic alkalosis, which Is true about excretion in urine? More of NH3 Less of aceto-acetic acid Betahydroxy butyric acid Less ammonia Answer: d "," In metabolic alkalosis, which Is true about excretion in urine? A. More of NH3 B. Less of aceto-acetic acid C. Betahydroxy butyric acid D. Less ammonia Answer: D. Less ammonia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The nurse is reviewing the laboratory test results of a child who is suspected of having systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). What would the nurse identify as supporting this diagnosis? Select all that apply. A)Positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) B)Increased C3 levels C)Thrombocytopenia D)Leukopenia E)Increased hematocrit Answer: A,C,D "," The nurse is reviewing the laboratory test results of a child who is suspected of having systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). What would the nurse identify as supporting this diagnosis? Select all that apply. A. Positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) B. Increased C3 levels C. Thrombocytopenia D. Leukopenia E. Increased hematocrit Answer: A. Positive antinuclear antibody (ANA), C. Thrombocytopenia, D. Leukopenia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Hamartomatous lung tissue is? A.Hypoplasia of lung B.Congenital cyst C.Lobar sequestration D.Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation Answer:D. Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation Ans. (d) Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation(Ref: Robbins 9th/pg 670; 8th/pg 679)Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM): Hamartomatous Q or dysplastic lung tissue, usually confined to one lobe. "," Hamartomatous lung tissue is? A. Hypoplasia of lung B. Congenital cyst C. Lobar sequestration D. Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation Answer: D. Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In rheumatic heart disease, infective endocarditis is detected by echocardiogram and the largest vegetations seen are due to? A)Streptococcus viridans B)Staphylococcus aureus C)Candida albicans D)Salmonella typhi Answer:C, Candida albicans "," In rheumatic heart disease, infective endocarditis is detected by echocardiogram and the largest vegetations seen are due to? A. Streptococcus viridans B. Staphylococcus aureus C. Candida albicans D. Salmonella typhi Answer: C. Candida albicans " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Testosterone production is mainly contributed by? Leydig cells Seolie cells Seminiferous tubules Epididymis Answer: A.Leydig cells "," Testosterone production is mainly contributed by? A. Leydig cells B. Seolie cells C. Seminiferous tubules D. Epididymis Answer: A. Leydig cells " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Blood supply of stomach is/are? A.Left gastric aery B.Sho gastric aery C.Lt gastroepiploic aery D.All Answer:D. All "," Blood supply of stomach is/are? A. Left gastric aery B. Sho gastric aery C. Lt gastroepiploic aery D. All Answer: D. All " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All are true regarding Primary CNS lymphoma except? Radiotherapy and chemotherapy is of no value Occurs in AIDS pt. Commonly occurs in immuno-compromised persons EBV may be a cause / Answer: A, Radiotherapy and chemotherapy is of no value "," All are true regarding Primary CNS lymphoma except? A. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy is of no value B. Occurs in AIDS pt. C. Commonly occurs in immuno-compromised persons D. EBV may be a cause / Answer: A. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy is of no value " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Keratic precipitates are most commonly seen in? 1 Corneal ulcers 2 Uveitis 3 Nuclear cataracts 4 Keratoconus Answer:2- Uveitis "," Keratic precipitates are most commonly seen in? A. Corneal ulcers B. Uveitis C. Nuclear cataracts D. Keratoconus Answer: B. Uveitis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The median of values 2, 5, 7, 10, 10, 13, 25? a,10 b13,c.25,d. 5 Answer: a, 10 "," The median of values 2, 5, 7, 10, 10, 13, 25? A. 10 B. 13 C. 25 D. 5 Answer: A. 10 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: What are risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome? (Select all that apply.) a. Postterm b. Female gender c. Low Apgar scores d. Recent viral illness e. Native American infants Answer: C - Low Apgar scores D - Recent viral illness E - Native American infants Infant risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome include those with low Apgar scores and recent viral illness and Native American infants. Preterm, not postterm, birth and male, not female, gender are other risk factors "," What are risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome? (Select all that apply.) A. Postterm B. Female gender C. Low Apgar scores D. Recent viral illness E. Native American infants Answer: C. Low Apgar scores, D. Recent viral illness, E. Native American infants " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The double decidual sac sign (DDSS) is the best method for ultrasound diagnosis of? 1 Monoamniotic Dichorionic twins 2 Diamniotic dichorionic twins 3 Ectopic pregnancy 4 Normal pregnancy Answer:4 - Normal pregnancy Double decidual sac sign on USG - Intra-uterine sac (Eccentrically placed) Outer layer - Decidua Parietalis Inner layer - Decidua Capsularis Indicates - Intrauterine pregnancy Intradecidual ring sign is the first sign of pregnancy on USG. "," The double decidual sac sign (DDSS) is the best method for ultrasound diagnosis of? A. Monoamniotic Dichorionic twins B. Diamniotic dichorionic twins C. Ectopic pregnancy D. Normal pregnancy Answer: D. Normal pregnancy " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Lactic acid is produced in mouth by? Saccharolytic bacteria in supragingival region Saccharolytic bacteria in subgingival region Non-saccharolytic bacteria in supragingival region Non-saccharolytic bacteria in subgingival region Answer: A, Saccharolytic bacteria in supragingival region "," Lactic acid is produced in mouth by? A. Saccharolytic bacteria in supragingival region B. Saccharolytic bacteria in subgingival region C. Non-saccharolytic bacteria in supragingival region D. Non-saccharolytic bacteria in subgingival region Answer: A. Saccharolytic bacteria in supragingival region " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: PAS positive are all the following except? 1 Glycogen 2 Lipids 3 Fungal cell wall 4 Basement membrane of bacteria Answer:4- Basement membrane of bacteria "," PAS positive are all the following except? A. Glycogen B. Lipids C. Fungal cell wall D. Basement membrane of bacteria Answer: D. Basement membrane of bacteria " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A young girl presents with abdominal pain and a recent change in bowel habit, with passage of mucus in stool. There is no associated blood in stool and symptoms are increased with stress. The most likely diagnosis is? A)Irritable bowel syndrome B)Ulcerative colitis C)Crohn's disease D)Amebiasis Answer:A, Irritable bowel syndrome "," A young girl presents with abdominal pain and a recent change in bowel habit, with passage of mucus in stool. There is no associated blood in stool and symptoms are increased with stress. The most likely diagnosis is? A. Irritable bowel syndrome B. Ulcerative colitis C. Crohn's disease D. Amebiasis Answer: A. Irritable bowel syndrome " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which test is not useful in a patient with history of Syncopal attack? A.Electrophysiological testing B.Tilt Table testing C.PET Scan D.Holter monitoring Answer:C. PET Scan "," Which test is not useful in a patient with history of Syncopal attack? A. Electrophysiological testing B. Tilt Table testing C. PET Scan D. Holter monitoring Answer: C. PET Scan " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -After mandibulectomy, muscle preventing falling back of tongue? -Genioglossus -Hyoglossus -Palatopharyngeus -All of the above Answer: b "," After mandibulectomy, muscle preventing falling back of tongue? A. Genioglossus B. Hyoglossus C. Palatopharyngeus D. All of the above Answer: B. Hyoglossus " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Drug used in cancer chemotherapy induced vomiting is? 1 Aprepitant 2 Dexamethasone 3 Ondansetrin 4 All of the above Answer: All of the above Ondansetron is drug of choice for chemotherapy induced vomiting Dexamethasone,lorazepam and aprepitant are also used for chemotharapy induced vomiting.( ref KDT 7/e p876) "," Drug used in cancer chemotherapy induced vomiting is? A. Aprepitant B. Dexamethasone C. Ondansetrin D. All of the above Answer: D. All of the above " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 7-year-old boy has severe microcytic anemia due to beta-thalassemia major (homozygous). He requires frequent blood transfusions (once every 6 weeks) to prevent the skeletal and developmental complications of thalassemia. Which of the following medications is also indicated in the treatment of patients requiring frequent blood transfusions? a,oral calcium supplements bfresh frozen plasma (FFP),c.desferrioxamine,d. penicillamine Answer: c, desferrioxamine "," A 7-year-old boy has severe microcytic anemia due to beta-thalassemia major (homozygous). He requires frequent blood transfusions (once every 6 weeks) to prevent the skeletal and developmental complications of thalassemia. Which of the following medications is also indicated in the treatment of patients requiring frequent blood transfusions? A. oral calcium supplements B. fresh frozen plasma (FFP) C. desferrioxamine D. penicillamine Answer: C. desferrioxamine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: LSD was introducd by? 1 albe hoffman 2 delay and deniker 3 John F Cade 4 Egaz Moniz Answer: albe hoffman Hallucinogens * ALSO CALLED AS Psychotomimetic/ Psychedelic * FIRST Man made HALLICINOGEN ==================== Albe Hoffman * MECHANISM OF ACTION Lysergic acid diethylamide=======serotonin * Introduced by Albe Hoffmann and he himself experienced its effects * Phencyclidine =======NMDA antagonist * Also known as angel dust * Related to ketamine=== dissociative anesthetic * Has anti-suicidal propey Ref.Kaplon and Sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no.649 "," LSD was introducd by? A. albe hoffman B. delay and deniker C. John F Cade D. Egaz Moniz Answer: A. albe hoffman " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Gradient in pulmonary artery wedge pressure and left venticular end diastolic pressure is seen in? Aortic regurgitation Constrictive pericarditis Left atrial myxoma Pulmonary thromboembolism Answer: C, Left atrial myxoma "," Gradient in pulmonary artery wedge pressure and left venticular end diastolic pressure is seen in? A. Aortic regurgitation B. Constrictive pericarditis C. Left atrial myxoma D. Pulmonary thromboembolism Answer: C. Left atrial myxoma " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Ulcer with undermined edges is seen in? a-Malignant ulcer b-Tubercular ulcer c-Venous ulcer d-Diabetic ulcer Answer:b, Tubercular ulcer "," Ulcer with undermined edges is seen in? A. Malignant ulcer B. Tubercular ulcer C. Venous ulcer D. Diabetic ulcer Answer: B. Tubercular ulcer " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A normally developing 10 months old child should be able to do all of the following except –? A)Stand alone B)Play peak to boo C)Pick up a pellet with thumb and index finger D)Build a tower of 3–4 cubes Answer:D- Build a tower of 3–4 cubes A child starts trying to build a tower of cubes (2 cubes) by the age of 1 year. About other options Child can stand with support by 9 months. Child can play peak-a-boo game by 10 months. Child can pick up a pellet with thumb and index finger (pincer grasp) by 9 months. "," A normally developing 10 months old child should be able to do all of the following except –? A. Stand alone B. Play peak to boo C. Pick up a pellet with thumb and index finger D. Build a tower of 3–4 cubes Answer: D. Build a tower of 3–4 cubes " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The common etiology of periodontitis is? a,Occlusal trauma bSystemic factors,c.Local irritating factors,d. Hormonal defects Answer: c, Local irritating factors "," The common etiology of periodontitis is? A. Occlusal trauma B. Systemic factors C. Local irritating factors D. Hormonal defects Answer: C. Local irritating factors " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Antibodies associated with GTCS in SLE? A.Anti neuronal ab B.Anti-Ro ab C.Anti-Sm ab D. Answer:A. Anti neuronal ab "," Antibodies associated with GTCS in SLE? A. Anti neuronal ab B. Anti-Ro ab C. Anti-Sm ab D. Answer: A. Anti neuronal ab " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -A 60 yr old person presents with a mass located at central bronchus causing distal bronchiectasis and recurrent pneumonia. Which of the following findings is expected from biopsy of the mass? -Abundant osteoid matrix formation -Contains all three germ layers -Spindle cells with abundant stromal matrix -Small round cells and hyperchromatic nuclei with nuclear moulding Answer: d "," A 60 yr old person presents with a mass located at central bronchus causing distal bronchiectasis and recurrent pneumonia. Which of the following findings is expected from biopsy of the mass? A. Abundant osteoid matrix formation B. Contains all three germ layers C. Spindle cells with abundant stromal matrix D. Small round cells and hyperchromatic nuclei with nuclear moulding Answer: D. Small round cells and hyperchromatic nuclei with nuclear moulding " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Useful diagnostic studies in the evaluation of upper-extremity pain include all of the following, EXCEPT? -Cervical spine x-ray -Chest X-ray -Neural conduction studies of the median nerve -Adson's test Answer: D: Adson's test "," Useful diagnostic studies in the evaluation of upper-extremity pain include all of the following, EXCEPT? A. Cervical spine x-ray B. Chest X-ray C. Neural conduction studies of the median nerve D. Adson's test Answer: D. Adson's test " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Last organ to putrefy in females is? A.Liver B.Uterus C.Brain D.Breast Answer:B. Uterus Ans. is 'b' i.e., Uterus Order of putrefactiono Order of appearance of putrefaction from earliest to last is : larynx, trachea > stomach, intestine > spleen, liver > brain, lungs > heart > kidney, bladder > uterus/prostate > bone.o Amongst the soft tissues uterus in female and prostate in malesm are last to undergo putrefaction, as uterus and prostate resist putrefaction. Otherwise bones are last to undergo putrefaction, overall. "," Last organ to putrefy in females is? A. Liver B. Uterus C. Brain D. Breast Answer: B. Uterus " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Reversible loss of polarity with abnormality in size and shape of cells is known as? A)Metaplasia B)Anaplasia C)Dysplasia D)Hyperplasia Answer:C, Dysplasia "," Reversible loss of polarity with abnormality in size and shape of cells is known as? A. Metaplasia B. Anaplasia C. Dysplasia D. Hyperplasia Answer: C. Dysplasia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Triamterene causes? a-Better glucose tolerance b-Muscle cramps c-Decrease in urea level d-Hypokalemia Answer:b, Muscle cramps "," Triamterene causes? A. Better glucose tolerance B. Muscle cramps C. Decrease in urea level D. Hypokalemia Answer: B. Muscle cramps " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All of the following are features of Premature Ventricular Complexes, Except? Wide QRS complex Absent P wave Complete compensatory pause Prolonged PR interval Answer: D.Prolonged PR interval "," All of the following are features of Premature Ventricular Complexes, Except? A. Wide QRS complex B. Absent P wave C. Complete compensatory pause D. Prolonged PR interval Answer: D. Prolonged PR interval " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: NOT included in third stage of labour? Controlled cord traction lM-oxytocin IV methergin Uterine massage Answer: C, IV methergin "," NOT included in third stage of labour? A. Controlled cord traction B. lM-oxytocin C. IV methergin D. Uterine massage Answer: C. IV methergin " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: CAMP acts through? a)Activation of protein kinase b)Activation of adenylate cyclase c)Ca2+ release. d)All Answer:a, Activation of protein kinase A i.e., Activation of protein kinase "," CAMP acts through? A. Activation of protein kinase B. Activation of adenylate cyclase C. Ca2+ release. D. All Answer: A. Activation of protein kinase " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In a UK study, it was found that there were more deaths from asthma than the sale of anti-asthma drugs. This is an example of? 1 Cohort study. 2 Case reference study. 3 Ecological study. 4 Experimental study. Answer: Ecological study. "," In a UK study, it was found that there were more deaths from asthma than the sale of anti-asthma drugs. This is an example of? A. Cohort study. B. Case reference study. C. Ecological study. D. Experimental study. Answer: C. Ecological study. " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A Patient who is on antihypertensive drug develops a dry cough. Which of the following drug might be responsible for the condition? a)Diuretics b)ACE inhibitors c)Calcium channel blockers d)Beta blockers Answer:b, ACE inhibitors The angiotensin-converting enzyme normally helps in conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, which acts as a vasoconstrictor in case of hypovolemia. In addition to that, ACE also helps in the breakdown of bradykinin. When ACE inhibitors (captopril) are given, it inhibits ACE and in addition inhibits the breakdown of bradykinin also, which leads to accumulation of bradykinin level in the body. This increased level of bradykinin presents with a Dry cough, rashes, urticaria and angioedema. "," A Patient who is on antihypertensive drug develops a dry cough. Which of the following drug might be responsible for the condition? A. Diuretics B. ACE inhibitors C. Calcium channel blockers D. Beta blockers Answer: B. ACE inhibitors " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Other than nitrogen and oxygen, which one of the following is the most abundant gas in the eah's atmosphere? Argon Carbon dioxide Hydrogen Methane Answer: A, Argon "," Other than nitrogen and oxygen, which one of the following is the most abundant gas in the eah's atmosphere? A. Argon B. Carbon dioxide C. Hydrogen D. Methane Answer: A. Argon " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Digestion of disaccharides occurs at ? Mouth Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Answer: c "," Digestion of disaccharides occurs at ? A. Mouth B. Stomach C. Small intestine D. Large intestine Answer: C. Small intestine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Foam cells are seen in infection with which virus ? A.Measles B.EBV C.Molluscum contagiosum D.RSV Answer:B. EBV Ans. is 'b' i.e., EBV EBV encephalomyelitis shows :Abnormal white matter with perivascular infiltrates of inflammatory cells and foam cells.Some myelin is replaced by lipid-filled macrophages and hyperplastic astrocytes. "," Foam cells are seen in infection with which virus ? A. Measles B. EBV C. Molluscum contagiosum D. RSV Answer: B. EBV " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Intermediate host for schistosoma haematobium is: March 2013? Cat Dog Rat Fresh water snail Answer: D.Fresh water snail "," Intermediate host for schistosoma haematobium is: March 2013? A. Cat B. Dog C. Rat D. Fresh water snail Answer: D. Fresh water snail " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Hailey - hailey disease is? Benign familial chronic pemphigus Pemphigus acutus Pemphigus Lyell's syndrome Answer: A.Benign familial chronic pemphigus "," Hailey - hailey disease is? A. Benign familial chronic pemphigus B. Pemphigus acutus C. Pemphigus D. Lyell's syndrome Answer: A. Benign familial chronic pemphigus " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is false about Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy? A)Due to major catecholamine discharge B)Lv Contractile dysfunction C)Presents with acute chest pain D)Echo never reverts back to normal Answer:D, Echo never reverts back to normal "," Which of the following is false about Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy? A. Due to major catecholamine discharge B. Lv Contractile dysfunction C. Presents with acute chest pain D. Echo never reverts back to normal Answer: D. Echo never reverts back to normal " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: True about isoenzymes is/are? 1 Different km value 2 Consist of multimeric complex 3 Have different physical properties 4 All of these Answer: All of these Consist of multimeric complex & `e' i.e., Have different physical properties isozymes are the physically distinct forms of the same enzymes that catalyze the same reaction, and differ from each other structurally, electrophoretically and immunologically. They differ in their physical properties because of genetically determined difference in amino acid sequence. They are separated by electrophoresis as they have different electrophoretic mobility. They have different Kin value. Isoenzyme of an oligomeric enzyme process differ in combination of its peptide protomer. "," True about isoenzymes is/are? A. Different km value B. Consist of multimeric complex C. Have different physical properties D. All of these Answer: D. All of these " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The most commonly seen primary orbital tumour in children is? Optic nerve sheath meningioma Retinoblastoma Rhabdomyosarcoma Glioma of optic nerve Answer: C, Rhabdomyosarcoma "," The most commonly seen primary orbital tumour in children is? A. Optic nerve sheath meningioma B. Retinoblastoma C. Rhabdomyosarcoma D. Glioma of optic nerve Answer: C. Rhabdomyosarcoma " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 1 year old child is brought to you with delayed milestones. On examination you note that the child is very fair with hypopigmented hair and blue eye. He has also got eczemas. The child was also very irritable. What is your diagnosis? a-Albinism b-Phenylketonuria c-Alkaptonuria d-Cystinosis Answer:b, Phenylketonuria "," A 1 year old child is brought to you with delayed milestones. On examination you note that the child is very fair with hypopigmented hair and blue eye. He has also got eczemas. The child was also very irritable. What is your diagnosis? A. Albinism B. Phenylketonuria C. Alkaptonuria D. Cystinosis Answer: B. Phenylketonuria " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -A baby is born at 27 weeks of gestation required mechanical ventilation for next 4 weeks & O2 for next 1 week. He maintained at room temperature subsequently. As per new Bronchopulmonary dysplasia definition, he has which of the following –? -Mild BPD -Moderate BPD -Severe BPD -No BPD Answer: C Severe BPD "," A baby is born at 27 weeks of gestation required mechanical ventilation for next 4 weeks & O2 for next 1 week. He maintained at room temperature subsequently. As per new Bronchopulmonary dysplasia definition, he has which of the following –? A. Mild BPD B. Moderate BPD C. Severe BPD D. No BPD Answer: C. Severe BPD " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Mandibular nerve does not supply:? A)Buccinator B)Masseter C)Tensor tympani D)Temporalis Answer:A, Buccinator "," Mandibular nerve does not supply:? A. Buccinator B. Masseter C. Tensor tympani D. Temporalis Answer: A. Buccinator " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Which one of the following is a relatively selective α2 adrenergic blocker with short duration of action ? -Prazosin -Yohimbine -Terazosin -Doxazosin Answer: B Yohimbine "," Which one of the following is a relatively selective α2 adrenergic blocker with short duration of action ? A. Prazosin B. Yohimbine C. Terazosin D. Doxazosin Answer: B. Yohimbine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: An ill 16 days old baby girl is brought to the emergency. On examination pallor and dyspnoea present with a respiratory rate of 85 per minute. Her HR is 200 bpm, hea sounds are distant and a gallop is heard. X-ray showed cardiomegaly. An echocardiogram shows dilated ventricles and dilation of the left atrium. An ECG shows ventricular depolarization complexes that have low voltage. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? A.CHF B.Glycogen storage disease C.Pericarditis D.Aberrant left coronary aery arising from pulmonary aery Answer:A. CHF "," An ill 16 days old baby girl is brought to the emergency. On examination pallor and dyspnoea present with a respiratory rate of 85 per minute. Her HR is 200 bpm, hea sounds are distant and a gallop is heard. X-ray showed cardiomegaly. An echocardiogram shows dilated ventricles and dilation of the left atrium. An ECG shows ventricular depolarization complexes that have low voltage. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? A. CHF B. Glycogen storage disease C. Pericarditis D. Aberrant left coronary aery arising from pulmonary aery Answer: A. CHF " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Risk factor for suicide? Female sex Unmarried Age 30 years Married Answer: b "," Risk factor for suicide? A. Female sex B. Unmarried C. Age 30 years D. Married Answer: B. Unmarried " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 62 year old man has a 25 year history of alcoholism and liver disease. He visits his physician complaining of pain and swelling of his legs. A decrease in which of the following is the most likely cause of the peripheral edema? Capillary hydrostatic pressure Interstitial colloid osmotic pressure Interstitial hydrostatic pressure Plasma colloid osmotic pressure Answer: d "," A 62 year old man has a 25 year history of alcoholism and liver disease. He visits his physician complaining of pain and swelling of his legs. A decrease in which of the following is the most likely cause of the peripheral edema? A. Capillary hydrostatic pressure B. Interstitial colloid osmotic pressure C. Interstitial hydrostatic pressure D. Plasma colloid osmotic pressure Answer: D. Plasma colloid osmotic pressure " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In case control study of buccal carcinoma? a-CA is commoner in zarda pan users than non users b-Zarda pan is a cause of buccal CA c-Zarda pan is associated with buccal CA d-If use of zarda pan is stopped, number of cases will reduce Answer:c, Zarda pan is associated with buccal CA "," In case control study of buccal carcinoma? A. CA is commoner in zarda pan users than non users B. Zarda pan is a cause of buccal CA C. Zarda pan is associated with buccal CA D. If use of zarda pan is stopped, number of cases will reduce Answer: C. Zarda pan is associated with buccal CA " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Delayed union of fracture of a bone follo-wing a surgical treatment may be due to? A.Infection B.Inadequate circulation C.Inadequate mobilization D.All of the above Answer:D. All of the above D i.e. All "," Delayed union of fracture of a bone follo-wing a surgical treatment may be due to? A. Infection B. Inadequate circulation C. Inadequate mobilization D. All of the above Answer: D. All of the above " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A patient present with lower gastrointestinal bleed. Sigmoidoscopy shows ulcers inthe sigmoid. Biopsy from this area shows flask-shaped ulcers. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment? a-Intravenous ceftriaxone b-Intravenous metronidazole c-Intravenous steroids and sulphasalazine d-Hydrocoisone enemas Answer:b, Intravenous metronidazole "," A patient present with lower gastrointestinal bleed. Sigmoidoscopy shows ulcers inthe sigmoid. Biopsy from this area shows flask-shaped ulcers. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment? A. Intravenous ceftriaxone B. Intravenous metronidazole C. Intravenous steroids and sulphasalazine D. Hydrocoisone enemas Answer: B. Intravenous metronidazole " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Which of the following drugs, is used for Smoking Cessation? -Naltrexone -Bupropion -Buprenorphine -Methadone Answer: b: Bupropion "," Which of the following drugs, is used for Smoking Cessation? A. Naltrexone B. Bupropion C. Buprenorphine D. Methadone Answer: B. Bupropion " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Sex worker with discharging ulcer, gram negative diplococci & growth on modified Thayer main media. Diagnosis ? 1 N. gonococci 2 Syphilis 3 LGV 4 Chaneroid Answer:1 - N. gonococci Ans. is 'a' i.e., N. gonococci Information in this question are ? Gram negative diplococci. Growth on modified Thayer-main media. o Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a gram negative diplococci and Thayer-main medium is the selective medium for gonococci. Lab diagnosis of gonorrhea Urethral discharge is the most impoant specimen. Transpo media La It processing is to occur within 6 hrs ---> Stua medium or A mies medium. If processing is to occur > 6 hrs --> JEMBEC or Gono - Pak system (media with self - contained CO2 -generating system). Cluture media In acute cases --> Chocolate agar or Muller - Hinton agar. In chronic cases ---> Selective medium - Thayer main medium. Normally the diagnosis of gonorrhoea is made by isolating the organism in culture. It may not be possible to obtain gonococci in culture from some chronic cases or from patients with metastatic lesions such as ahritis. Serological test may be of value in such instances. In serological tests antibodies to gonococcal pili, LPS and outer membrane proteins are detected. o Various tests are ? Complement fixation text Precipitation Passive agglutination lmmunofluorescence Radioimmunoassay Enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) However, no serological test has been found useful for routine diagnostic procedure.Immunobloting "," Sex worker with discharging ulcer, gram negative diplococci & growth on modified Thayer main media. Diagnosis ? A. N. gonococci B. Syphilis C. LGV D. Chaneroid Answer: A. N. gonococci " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Vaccine administered by following route is? A.Typhoral live B.H1n1 killed C.H1n1 live D.Yellow fever live Answer:C. H1n1 live "," Vaccine administered by following route is? A. Typhoral live B. H1n1 killed C. H1n1 live D. Yellow fever live Answer: C. H1n1 live " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Inheritance of ABO blood group is? 1 X-linked inheritance 2 Recessive inheritance 3 Mitochondria] inheritance 4 Codominance Answer: Codominance Ans. d. Codominance (Ref Robbins 9/e p140; Ganong 23/e p527)Inheritance of ABO blood group is Codominance.""Although Mendelian traits are usually described as dominant or recessive, in some cases both of the alleles of a gene pair contribute to the phenotype--a condition called codominance. Histocompatibility and blood group antigens are good examples of codominant inheritance. ""--Robbins 9/e p140Codominance is a relationship between two versions of a gene, individuals receive one version of a gene, called an allele, from each parent. If the alleles are different, the dominant allele usually will be expressed, while the effect of the other allele, called recessive, is masked. In Codominance, however, neither allele is recessive nor are the phenotypes of both alleles are expressed, e.g., ABO blood group, where in AB blood group both A and B are dominant.""Codominance: When both alleles of a gene pair contribute to the phenotype. E.g., Blood group AB.ABO Blood Group SystemA and B antigens of the ABO blood group system are glycoproteins present on the RBC membrane.H substance is the immediate precursor on which A and B antigens are added.H substance is formed by the addition of fucose to the glycolipid or glycoprotein backbone.The subsequent N-acetyl glucosamine creates the A antigen, while the addition of galactose produces the B antigen.Bombay phenotypeIndividuals with the rare Bombay phenotype (hh) do not express the H antigen (also called the H substance), the antigen, which is present in blood group OQ.As a result of the absence of the H antigen they cannot make either the A antigen or the B antigenQ.These individuals have antibodies not only against A and B antigens but also against the H antigenQ. "," Inheritance of ABO blood group is? A. X-linked inheritance B. Recessive inheritance C. Mitochondria] inheritance D. Codominance Answer: D. Codominance " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Mycosis fungoides which is not true? A.It is the most common form of cutaneous lymphoma. B.Pautriers microabscess. C.Indolent course and easily amenable to treatment. D.Erythroderma seen and spreads to peripheral. Answer:C. Indolent course and easily amenable to treatment. "," Mycosis fungoides which is not true? A. It is the most common form of cutaneous lymphoma. B. Pautriers microabscess. C. Indolent course and easily amenable to treatment. D. Erythroderma seen and spreads to peripheral. Answer: C. Indolent course and easily amenable to treatment. " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Specific poison for succinate dehydrogenase is ? A)Cyanide B)Malonate C)Arsenite D)Fluoride Answer:B- Malonate B i.e. Malonate "," Specific poison for succinate dehydrogenase is ? A. Cyanide B. Malonate C. Arsenite D. Fluoride Answer: B. Malonate " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is a BNP analogue? Eplerenone Nesiritide Levosimendan Coenzyme Q Answer: B, Nesiritide "," Which of the following is a BNP analogue? A. Eplerenone B. Nesiritide C. Levosimendan D. Coenzyme Q Answer: B. Nesiritide " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All are used in the management of head injury patient except? A)Neuromuscular paralysis B)Nor-epinephrine C)Sedation D)Glucocoicoids Answer:D, Glucocoicoids "," All are used in the management of head injury patient except? A. Neuromuscular paralysis B. Nor-epinephrine C. Sedation D. Glucocoicoids Answer: D. Glucocoicoids " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is very difficult to induce antibody? A.Polysaccharide B.Protein C.Antigen D.Effector Answer:A. Polysaccharide An antigen is any substance that causes an immune system to produce antibodies against it. Antigens are usually peptides, polysaccharides or lipids. In general, molecules other than peptides (saccharides and lipids) qualify as antigens but not as immunogens since they cannot elicit an immune response on their own. Ref: Ananthanarayan & Panikers textbook of microbiology 9th edition pg:88 "," Which of the following is very difficult to induce antibody? A. Polysaccharide B. Protein C. Antigen D. Effector Answer: A. Polysaccharide " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which bone do not contributes to the medial wall of the orbit? Ethmoid Lacrimal Frontal Zygoma Answer: d "," Which bone do not contributes to the medial wall of the orbit? A. Ethmoid B. Lacrimal C. Frontal D. Zygoma Answer: D. Zygoma " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 45-year-old woman complains of severe headaches and difficulty in swallowing. Over the past 6 months, she has noticed small, red lesions around her mouth as well as thickening of her skin. The patient has ""stone facies"" on physical examination. Which of the following antigens is the most common and most specific target of autoantibody in patients with this disease? A.C-ANCA (anti-proteinase-3) B.Double-stranded DNA C.P-ANCA (anti-myeloperoxidase) D.Scl-70 (anti-topoisomerase I) Answer:D. Scl-70 (anti-topoisomerase I) "," A 45-year-old woman complains of severe headaches and difficulty in swallowing. Over the past 6 months, she has noticed small, red lesions around her mouth as well as thickening of her skin. The patient has ""stone facies"" on physical examination. Which of the following antigens is the most common and most specific target of autoantibody in patients with this disease? A. C-ANCA (anti-proteinase-3) B. Double-stranded DNA C. P-ANCA (anti-myeloperoxidase) D. Scl-70 (anti-topoisomerase I) Answer: D. Scl-70 (anti-topoisomerase I) " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -All of the following are predominant motor neuropathy except? -Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculo neuropathy -Porphyric neuropathy -Lead intoxication -Arsenic intoxication Answer: D: Arsenic intoxication "," All of the following are predominant motor neuropathy except? A. Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculo neuropathy B. Porphyric neuropathy C. Lead intoxication D. Arsenic intoxication Answer: D. Arsenic intoxication " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Type I RPGN is seen in? a - Cryoglobulinemia b - SLE c - Goodpasture's syndrome d - Wegner's granulomatosis Answer: Goodpasture's syndrome "," Type I RPGN is seen in? A. Cryoglobulinemia B. SLE C. Goodpasture's syndrome D. Wegner's granulomatosis Answer: C. Goodpasture's syndrome " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most aggressive lung CA? A.Squamous cell CA B.Adenocarcinoma C.Small cell lung CA D.Large cell CA Answer:C. Small cell lung CA "," Most aggressive lung CA? A. Squamous cell CA B. Adenocarcinoma C. Small cell lung CA D. Large cell CA Answer: C. Small cell lung CA " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Which of following is the feature of Y chromosome? -Acrocentric -Telocentric -Submetacentric -Metacentric Answer: A: Acrocentric "," Which of following is the feature of Y chromosome? A. Acrocentric B. Telocentric C. Submetacentric D. Metacentric Answer: A. Acrocentric " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Type of laser used for capsulotomy is? CO2 Ruby Nd:YAG Argon Answer: C, Nd:YAG "," Type of laser used for capsulotomy is? A. CO2 B. Ruby C. Nd:YAG D. Argon Answer: C. Nd:YAG " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A collection of information in a table has been arranged as satisfied, very satisfied and dissatisfied. Which of the following will be the right term for such information? Interval data Ratio data Nominal data Ordinal data Answer: D, Ordinal data "," A collection of information in a table has been arranged as satisfied, very satisfied and dissatisfied. Which of the following will be the right term for such information? A. Interval data B. Ratio data C. Nominal data D. Ordinal data Answer: D. Ordinal data " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Genetic material is transferred from one bacteria to another by all except? Transduction Transformation Transfection Conjugation Answer: c "," Genetic material is transferred from one bacteria to another by all except? A. Transduction B. Transformation C. Transfection D. Conjugation Answer: C. Transfection " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Which of the gene is most often implicated in congenital cataract and alpha crystallin mutation? -GLC3A -PAX6 -PITX2 -CRYAA Answer: D CRYAA "," Which of the gene is most often implicated in congenital cataract and alpha crystallin mutation? A. GLC3A B. PAX6 C. PITX2 D. CRYAA Answer: D. CRYAA " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: One of the following is the first enzyme to be released at the site of wound? A)Aminopeptidase B)ATPase C)Acid phosphatase D)Alkaline phosphatase Answer:B, ATPase "," One of the following is the first enzyme to be released at the site of wound? A. Aminopeptidase B. ATPase C. Acid phosphatase D. Alkaline phosphatase Answer: B. ATPase " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which is not Glucogenic ? a,Arginine bHistidine,c.Glycine,d. Lysine Answer: d, Lysine "," Which is not Glucogenic ? A. Arginine B. Histidine C. Glycine D. Lysine Answer: D. Lysine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The capsule of cryptococcus neoformans in a CSF sample is best seen by? a - Gram stain b - India ink preparation c - Giemsa stain d - Methenamine-silver stain Answer: India ink preparation "," The capsule of cryptococcus neoformans in a CSF sample is best seen by? A. Gram stain B. India ink preparation C. Giemsa stain D. Methenamine-silver stain Answer: B. India ink preparation " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: If the prevalene is very low as compared to the incidence for a disease, it implies? a,Disease is very fatal and/or easily curable bDisease is nonfatal,c.Calculation of prevalence and incidence is wrong,d. Nothing can be said, as they are independent Answer: a, Disease is very fatal and/or easily curable "," If the prevalene is very low as compared to the incidence for a disease, it implies? A. Disease is very fatal and/or easily curable B. Disease is nonfatal C. Calculation of prevalence and incidence is wrong D. Nothing can be said, as they are independent Answer: A. Disease is very fatal and/or easily curable " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is the most specific and sensitive screening test for renovascular hypeension? A.HRCT B.CT Angiography C.Captopril enhanced radionucleotide scan D.Doppler ultrasound of renal aeries Answer:B. CT Angiography "," Which of the following is the most specific and sensitive screening test for renovascular hypeension? A. HRCT B. CT Angiography C. Captopril enhanced radionucleotide scan D. Doppler ultrasound of renal aeries Answer: B. CT Angiography " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Persistent vomiting in G.O.O. causes -a) Hyponatremic hyperchloremia occurb) Hypernatremia without ↓ed Cl- alkalosisc) Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosisd) Paradoxical aciduria? a-cd b-bc c-bd d-ac Answer:a, cd "," Persistent vomiting in G.O.O. causes -a) Hyponatremic hyperchloremia occurb) Hypernatremia without ↓ed Cl- alkalosisc) Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosisd) Paradoxical aciduria? A. cd B. bc C. bd D. ac Answer: A. cd " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The community health nurse is reviewing risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. Which children are at high risk for vitamin D deficiency? (Select all that apply.) a. Children with fair pigmentation b. Children who are overweight or obese c. Children who are exclusively bottle fed d. Children with diets low in sources of vitamin D e. Children of families who use milk products not supplemented with vitamin D Answer: B - Children who are overweight or obese D - Children with diets low in sources of vitamin D E - Children of families who use milk products not supplemented with vitamin D Populations at risk for vitamin D deficiency include overweight or obese children, children with diets low in sources of vitamin D, and children of families who use milk products not supplemented with vitamin D. Children with dark, not fair, pigmentation and children who are exclusively breast fed, not bottle fed, are also at risk. "," The community health nurse is reviewing risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. Which children are at high risk for vitamin D deficiency? (Select all that apply.) A. Children with fair pigmentation B. Children who are overweight or obese C. Children who are exclusively bottle fed D. Children with diets low in sources of vitamin D E. Children of families who use milk products not supplemented with vitamin D Answer: B. Children who are overweight or obese, D. Children with diets low in sources of vitamin D, E. Children of families who use milk products not supplemented with vitamin D " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Minimum level of iodine iodized salt reaching the consumer level according to iodine programme should be:? A.5 ppm B.30 ppm C.15 ppm D.20 ppm Answer:C. 15 ppm National Iodine deficiency disorder programme , 1992: - National goitre control programme, 1962 is conveed to NIDDCP, 1992 - Impact indicators: Major indicator - Urinary iodine excretion levels ( generally measured in pregnant women over 24hrs) Others - Neonatal hypothyroidism , Goitre - Level of salt iodinisation: 30 ppm at production level 15 ppm at consumer level - Two-in-one salt: 40mcg iodine + 1mg iron/gm of salt MBI kits- Field Test Kits that allow Iodised salt manufacturers, quality controllers, health inspectors, social workers, NGO activists and even school children to assess the amount of iodine in iodised salt. "," Minimum level of iodine iodized salt reaching the consumer level according to iodine programme should be:? A. 5 ppm B. 30 ppm C. 15 ppm D. 20 ppm Answer: C. 15 ppm " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Dental procedures for which antibiotic of choice for the prophylaxis of endocarditis in adults is (Note: Patient is allergic to penicillin and he is not able to take oral medicine)? a-Clarithromycin 500mg 1 hr. before dental procedures b-Cephalexin 2g 1 hour before dental procedures c-Cefadroxil 2g 1 hour before dental procedures d-Clindamycin 600 mg. 30 min. before dental procedures Answer:d, Clindamycin 600 mg. 30 min. before dental procedures "," Dental procedures for which antibiotic of choice for the prophylaxis of endocarditis in adults is (Note: Patient is allergic to penicillin and he is not able to take oral medicine)? A. Clarithromycin 500mg 1 hr. before dental procedures B. Cephalexin 2g 1 hour before dental procedures C. Cefadroxil 2g 1 hour before dental procedures D. Clindamycin 600 mg. 30 min. before dental procedures Answer: D. Clindamycin 600 mg. 30 min. before dental procedures " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 52 year female pt. presents with symptoms of pheochromocytoma. She also has a thyroid carcinoma. Her thyroid Ca is of which type? Anaplastic Medullary Folliculare Papillary Answer: B, Medullary "," A 52 year female pt. presents with symptoms of pheochromocytoma. She also has a thyroid carcinoma. Her thyroid Ca is of which type? A. Anaplastic B. Medullary C. Folliculare D. Papillary Answer: B. Medullary " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following extraocular muscles does not arise from annulus? 1 Inferior rectus 2 Medial rectus 3 Lateral rectus 4 Superior oblique Answer: Superior oblique The annulus of Zinn, also known as the annular tendon or common tendinous ring, is a ring of fibrous tissue surrounding the optic nerve at its entrance at the apex of the orbit.It can be used to divide the regions of the superior orbital fissure.The aeries surrounding the optic nerve are sometimes called the ""circle of Zinn-Haller"" (CZH).Some sources distinguish between these terms more precisely, with the annulus tendineus communis being the parent structure, divided into two pas:A lower, the ligament or tendon of Zinn, which gives origin to the Rectus inferior, pa of the Rectus internus, and the lower head of origin of the Rectus lateralis.An upper, which gives origin to the Rectus superior, the rest of the Rectus medialis, and the upper head of the Rectus lateralis. This upper band is sometimes termed the superior tendon of Lockwood.The site of origin of the superior oblique muscle is from the lesser wing of sphenoid above the optic canal. "," Which of the following extraocular muscles does not arise from annulus? A. Inferior rectus B. Medial rectus C. Lateral rectus D. Superior oblique Answer: D. Superior oblique " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: What is the pathology of edema in nephrotic syndrome? a,Reduced plasma protein bSodium and water retention,c.Increased venous pressure,d. Hyperlipidemia Answer: b, Sodium and water retention "," What is the pathology of edema in nephrotic syndrome? A. Reduced plasma protein B. Sodium and water retention C. Increased venous pressure D. Hyperlipidemia Answer: B. Sodium and water retention " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -A 68-year-old male is brought to the outpatient by his wife due to increasing forgetfulness. On taking history in details, wife repoed that for around 6 months patient is having trouble in organising the finances and paying bills, something he has done all his life. He has also become withdrawn and has decreased meeting people. The patient also behaved inappropriately with a female neighbour couple of says back, which is much against his usual nature. The patient denies having any problems and seems indifferent to his wife's concern. He has a medical history of hypeension and type 2 diabetes mellitus There is a family history of Alzheimer disease. On MMSE, score came out to be 23. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? -Alzheimer disease -Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease -Dementia with Lewy bodies -Frontotemporal dementia Answer: D Frontotemporal dementia "," A 68-year-old male is brought to the outpatient by his wife due to increasing forgetfulness. On taking history in details, wife repoed that for around 6 months patient is having trouble in organising the finances and paying bills, something he has done all his life. He has also become withdrawn and has decreased meeting people. The patient also behaved inappropriately with a female neighbour couple of says back, which is much against his usual nature. The patient denies having any problems and seems indifferent to his wife's concern. He has a medical history of hypeension and type 2 diabetes mellitus There is a family history of Alzheimer disease. On MMSE, score came out to be 23. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? A. Alzheimer disease B. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease C. Dementia with Lewy bodies D. Frontotemporal dementia Answer: D. Frontotemporal dementia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -True about glycolysis are all except ? -Provide nutrition to cancer cells -Substrate level phosphorylation at pyruvate kinase -Two carbon end product is formed -NADPH is formed by glyceraldhyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Answer: C Two carbon end product is formed "," True about glycolysis are all except ? A. Provide nutrition to cancer cells B. Substrate level phosphorylation at pyruvate kinase C. Two carbon end product is formed D. NADPH is formed by glyceraldhyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Answer: C. Two carbon end product is formed " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Most root canals that have not been instrumented are too narrow to be reached effectively by? -Microbes -Disinfectants -Gutta percha -None of the above Answer: b: Disinfectants "," Most root canals that have not been instrumented are too narrow to be reached effectively by? A. Microbes B. Disinfectants C. Gutta percha D. None of the above Answer: B. Disinfectants " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -who introduced ECT? -manfred bleuler -moerin seligman -lucio bini -freud Answer: c "," who introduced ECT? A. manfred bleuler B. moerin seligman C. lucio bini D. freud Answer: C. lucio bini " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Hepatitis B virus is NOT present in? Milk Sweat Stool Lymph Answer: D, Lymph "," Hepatitis B virus is NOT present in? A. Milk B. Sweat C. Stool D. Lymph Answer: D. Lymph " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Magaldrate is conveed by gastric acid to ? A)Magnesium hydroxide B)Magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate C)Magnesium hydroxide and Aluminium hydroxide D)Calcium carbonate and aluminium hydroxide Answer:C, Magnesium hydroxide and Aluminium hydroxide "," Magaldrate is conveed by gastric acid to ? A. Magnesium hydroxide B. Magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate C. Magnesium hydroxide and Aluminium hydroxide D. Calcium carbonate and aluminium hydroxide Answer: C. Magnesium hydroxide and Aluminium hydroxide " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Baby born prematurely at 29 wks, on examination at 42 weeks with ROP, both eyes shows stage 2 zone 1 `plus' disease, how will you manage the patient ? -Examine the patient after 1 week -Laser photocoagulation of both eyes -Laser photocoagulation of worse eye, follow up of other eye -Vitreoretinal surgery Answer: b: Laser photocoagulation of both eyes "," Baby born prematurely at 29 wks, on examination at 42 weeks with ROP, both eyes shows stage 2 zone 1 `plus' disease, how will you manage the patient ? A. Examine the patient after 1 week B. Laser photocoagulation of both eyes C. Laser photocoagulation of worse eye, follow up of other eye D. Vitreoretinal surgery Answer: B. Laser photocoagulation of both eyes " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In Patey's mastectomy all the following are removed except? 1 Pectoralis major 2 Skin of the breast 3 Pectoralis minor 4 Ductular system of the breast Answer:1- Pectoralis major "," In Patey's mastectomy all the following are removed except? A. Pectoralis major B. Skin of the breast C. Pectoralis minor D. Ductular system of the breast Answer: A. Pectoralis major " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Regarding Fanconi anemia, the wrong statement is? Autosomal dominant Bone marrow show pancytopenia Usually aplastic anemia It is due to defective DNA repair Answer: a "," Regarding Fanconi anemia, the wrong statement is? A. Autosomal dominant B. Bone marrow show pancytopenia C. Usually aplastic anemia D. It is due to defective DNA repair Answer: A. Autosomal dominant " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Capillary refill time in a child with shock is? >1 second >2 seconds >3 seconds >4 seconds Answer: C, >3 seconds "," Capillary refill time in a child with shock is? A. >1 second B. >2 seconds C. >3 seconds D. >4 seconds Answer: C. >3 seconds " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 30-year-old women presents a history of amenorrhoea and impaired vision of six month's duration. Physical examination shows everything except for pale optic discs and diminished visual acuity. The most likely diagnosis is? a,Pituitary adenoma bCraniopharyngioma,c.Hypothalamic glioma,d. Benign intracranial hypertension Answer: a, Pituitary adenoma "," A 30-year-old women presents a history of amenorrhoea and impaired vision of six month's duration. Physical examination shows everything except for pale optic discs and diminished visual acuity. The most likely diagnosis is? A. Pituitary adenoma B. Craniopharyngioma C. Hypothalamic glioma D. Benign intracranial hypertension Answer: A. Pituitary adenoma " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Which of the following types of bronchogenic carcinomas are most likely to develop within a residual area of peripheral scar tissue? -Small-cell carcinoma -Squamous-cell carcinoma -. Large-cell carcinoma -Adenocarcinoma Answer: D Adenocarcinoma "," Which of the following types of bronchogenic carcinomas are most likely to develop within a residual area of peripheral scar tissue? A. Small-cell carcinoma B. Squamous-cell carcinoma C. . Large-cell carcinoma D. Adenocarcinoma Answer: D. Adenocarcinoma " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Serological testing of patient shows HBsAg, IgM Anti-HBc and HBeAg positive . The patient has? a-Chronic hepatitis B with low infectivity b-Acute hepatitis B with high infectivity c-Chronic hepatitis with high in fectivity d-Acute on chronic hepatitis Answer:b, Acute hepatitis B with high infectivity "," Serological testing of patient shows HBsAg, IgM Anti-HBc and HBeAg positive . The patient has? A. Chronic hepatitis B with low infectivity B. Acute hepatitis B with high infectivity C. Chronic hepatitis with high in fectivity D. Acute on chronic hepatitis Answer: B. Acute hepatitis B with high infectivity " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In children below 5 years of age, most common cause of gingivitis is? local irritating factors herpes vitamin deficiency malocclusion Answer: A.local irritating factors "," In children below 5 years of age, most common cause of gingivitis is? A. local irritating factors B. herpes C. vitamin deficiency D. malocclusion Answer: A. local irritating factors " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: According to WHO, what is given to prevent PPH by active management of third stage of labour? IV PGF2 alpha agonist IM oxytocin IV ergometrine Perrectal prostaglandins Answer: b "," According to WHO, what is given to prevent PPH by active management of third stage of labour? A. IV PGF2 alpha agonist B. IM oxytocin C. IV ergometrine D. Perrectal prostaglandins Answer: B. IM oxytocin " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Autopsy of a specimen shows pale infarction. Pale infarct is seen in all of the following organs, EXCEPT? a,Hea bSpleen,c.Lung,d. Kidney Answer: c, Lung "," Autopsy of a specimen shows pale infarction. Pale infarct is seen in all of the following organs, EXCEPT? A. Hea B. Spleen C. Lung D. Kidney Answer: C. Lung " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Platypnea is seen with? A)Hepato-pulmonary syndrome B)Hepato-renal syndrome C)Renal aery stenosis D)Kyphoscoliosis Answer:A- Hepato-pulmonary syndrome Platypnea: Increase dyspnea on sitting position Seen in 1. Atrial myxoma 2. Hepatopulmonary syndrome "," Platypnea is seen with? A. Hepato-pulmonary syndrome B. Hepato-renal syndrome C. Renal aery stenosis D. Kyphoscoliosis Answer: A. Hepato-pulmonary syndrome " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: False about hepatic adenoma? a-Benign lesion b-OCP use c-Older females d-Cold on isotopescan Answer:c, Older females "," False about hepatic adenoma? A. Benign lesion B. OCP use C. Older females D. Cold on isotopescan Answer: C. Older females " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Semicircular canals are stimulated by? -Gravity -Linear acceleration -Rotation -Sound Answer: C: Rotation "," Semicircular canals are stimulated by? A. Gravity B. Linear acceleration C. Rotation D. Sound Answer: C. Rotation " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -All of the following can lead to increased Intra cranial pressure accept? -Meningitis -Subarachnoid Hemorrhage -Subdural hemorrhage -Migraine Answer: D: Migraine "," All of the following can lead to increased Intra cranial pressure accept? A. Meningitis B. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage C. Subdural hemorrhage D. Migraine Answer: D. Migraine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The opercular poion of the cerebral coex that contains Broca's area is which of the following? a-Superior frontal gyrus b-Inferior frontal gyrus c-Cingulate sulcus d-Insula Answer:b, Inferior frontal gyrus "," The opercular poion of the cerebral coex that contains Broca's area is which of the following? A. Superior frontal gyrus B. Inferior frontal gyrus C. Cingulate sulcus D. Insula Answer: B. Inferior frontal gyrus " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Pterygium all are true except? -Arise from any pa of conjunctiva -Can cause astigmatism -Surgery is treatment of choice -UV exposure is risk factor Answer: A Arise from any pa of conjunctiva "," Pterygium all are true except? A. Arise from any pa of conjunctiva B. Can cause astigmatism C. Surgery is treatment of choice D. UV exposure is risk factor Answer: A. Arise from any pa of conjunctiva " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -The gold standard for the definitive diagnosis of the extrahepatic biliary atresia is? -Per operative cholangiography -Hepatobiliary scintigraphy -Alkaline phosphatase level -Liver biopsy Answer: d "," The gold standard for the definitive diagnosis of the extrahepatic biliary atresia is? A. Per operative cholangiography B. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy C. Alkaline phosphatase level D. Liver biopsy Answer: D. Liver biopsy " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: 'Bird beak' appearance on barium swallow is feature of? 1 Achalasia cardia 2 Diffuse esophageal spasm 3 Caustic stricture 4 Carcinoma of the esophagus Answer: Achalasia cardia Ans. A. Achalasia cardia. (Harrison's Medicine, 18th ch. 292; /Fig. 292-5).Achalasia cardia- Megaesophagus/sigmoid esophagus- ""Bird beak"" deformity- Absence of primary peristalsis below level of cricopharyngeus- Hurst phenomenon (temporary transit through cardia when hydrostatic pressure of barium column is above toxic LES pressure)- Vigorous achalasia (numerous tertiary contractions in non-dilated distal esophagus of early achalasia).Hiatus hernia- Epiphrenic bulge- >4 longitudinal coarse thick gastric folds above gastroesophageal junction or in the suprahiatal pouch- A Schatzki or B ring if present, is pathognomonic of a hiatal hernia because it marks the junction between squamous and columnar epithelium and represents the Z line.- Distance between B ring and hiatal margin > 2 cm- Peristalsis causes above hiatus.Schatzki ring (B ring/Lower esophageal mucosal ring, seen as a thin, web-like annular constriction at the esophagogastric junction is associated with a small hiatal hernia.Lye stricture(alkali/caustic strictures) - Long, tight and smooth stricturePeptic stricture- Short and tubular narrowing.Carcinoma oesophagus- Typical annular narrowing with overhang- ing margins and destruction of the mucosa.- 'Rat-tail' esophagus- Shouldering signLeomyoma/GIST- Smooth filling defect with right angles of origin from the esophageal wall (Submucosal smooth lesion)Cytomegalovirus esophagitis- iant ovoid flat ulcers (vasculitis of submucosal vessels)- Gastroesophageal junction with adjacent part of stomach is commonly affected.Herpes esophagitis- Discrete superficial punctate/linear serpentine/stellate/diamond shaped ulcers.Candidial esophagitis- Cobble stone mucosa- 'Shaggy' contour of the esophagus with small diffuse superficial ulcers- Irregular plaque-like filling defectsTertiary esophageal contractions (presbyesophagus, diffuse esophageal spasm, neuromuscular diseases)- ""Corkscrew"" appearance- ""Rosary-bead/Shish kebab"" configuration- ""Yo-Yo"" motion of bariumScleroderma- Esophageal shortening- Sliding hiatus hernia- Hidebound esophagus "," 'Bird beak' appearance on barium swallow is feature of? A. Achalasia cardia B. Diffuse esophageal spasm C. Caustic stricture D. Carcinoma of the esophagus Answer: A. Achalasia cardia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Gastrinoma a/w? a-Diarrhoea b-Constipation c-Achlorhydria d-Multiple superficial gastric ulcers Answer:a, Diarrhoea "," Gastrinoma a/w? A. Diarrhoea B. Constipation C. Achlorhydria D. Multiple superficial gastric ulcers Answer: A. Diarrhoea " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is not a structural element of TMJ? a-Sigmoid notch b-Articular disc c-Capsular ligament d-Joint cavities Answer:a, Sigmoid notch "," Which of the following is not a structural element of TMJ? A. Sigmoid notch B. Articular disc C. Capsular ligament D. Joint cavities Answer: A. Sigmoid notch " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Which of the following anti–cancer drug is NOT 'S'–phase specific ? -Methotrexate -Mercaptopurine -Ifosfamide -Thioguanine Answer: c "," Which of the following anti–cancer drug is NOT 'S'–phase specific ? A. Methotrexate B. Mercaptopurine C. Ifosfamide D. Thioguanine Answer: C. Ifosfamide " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -A key gluconeogenic amino acid is? -Alanine -Serine -Valine -Tyrosine Answer: A Alanine "," A key gluconeogenic amino acid is? A. Alanine B. Serine C. Valine D. Tyrosine Answer: A. Alanine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Alpha la adrenergic blocker giving symptomatic relief in BPH? -Tamsulosin -Prazosin -Oxazocin -Dolazoline Answer: A Tamsulosin "," Alpha la adrenergic blocker giving symptomatic relief in BPH? A. Tamsulosin B. Prazosin C. Oxazocin D. Dolazoline Answer: A. Tamsulosin " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Fatty acid synthase complex contain the following enzymes except? Enoyl reductase Ketoacyl reductase Acetyl: CoA carboxylase Dehydratase Answer: c "," Fatty acid synthase complex contain the following enzymes except? A. Enoyl reductase B. Ketoacyl reductase C. Acetyl: CoA carboxylase D. Dehydratase Answer: C. Acetyl: CoA carboxylase " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In thyroid gland, iodine is transpoed into the lumen of the follicles by? Endocytosis Pendrin protein Antipo Primary active transpo Answer: B.Pendrin protein "," In thyroid gland, iodine is transpoed into the lumen of the follicles by? A. Endocytosis B. Pendrin protein C. Antipo D. Primary active transpo Answer: B. Pendrin protein " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Drug of choice for acute severe asthma is: September 2006? Sho acting beta 2 agonists Long acting beta 2 agonists Oral theophylline Inhaled ipratropium bromide Answer: a "," Drug of choice for acute severe asthma is: September 2006? A. Sho acting beta 2 agonists B. Long acting beta 2 agonists C. Oral theophylline D. Inhaled ipratropium bromide Answer: A. Sho acting beta 2 agonists " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Nephrotic range of proteinuria is? -> 30 mg/m2/hr -> 40 mg/m2/hr -> 2 gm/m2/24hrs -> 4 gm/m2/24hrs Answer: B: > 40 mg/m2/hr "," Nephrotic range of proteinuria is? A. > 30 mg/m2/hr B. > 40 mg/m2/hr C. > 2 gm/m2/24hrs D. > 4 gm/m2/24hrs Answer: B. > 40 mg/m2/hr " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Which of the following is given to prevent methotrexate toxicity? -MESNA -Flumazenil -Fomipezole -Calcium leucovorin Answer: D Calcium leucovorin "," Which of the following is given to prevent methotrexate toxicity? A. MESNA B. Flumazenil C. Fomipezole D. Calcium leucovorin Answer: D. Calcium leucovorin " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Hanging cuain sign seen in? -Pityriasis rosea -Pityriasis Versicolor -Pityriasis rubra pilaris -Pityriasis lichenoides chronica Answer: a: Pityriasis rosea "," Hanging cuain sign seen in? A. Pityriasis rosea B. Pityriasis Versicolor C. Pityriasis rubra pilaris D. Pityriasis lichenoides chronica Answer: A. Pityriasis rosea " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Aicular cailage is made up of? -Type I collagen -Type II collagen -Type III collagen -Type IV collagen Answer: B Type II collagen "," Aicular cailage is made up of? A. Type I collagen B. Type II collagen C. Type III collagen D. Type IV collagen Answer: B. Type II collagen " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most common site of intracranial hemorrhage in hepertensive hemorrhage is? Basal ganglia Brainstem Cerebellum Hippocampus Answer: A.Basal ganglia "," Most common site of intracranial hemorrhage in hepertensive hemorrhage is? A. Basal ganglia B. Brainstem C. Cerebellum D. Hippocampus Answer: A. Basal ganglia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is the best-known metabolic function of the lung? Inactivation of serotonin Conversion of angiotensin–I to angiotensin–II Inactivation of bradykinin Metabolism of basic drugs by cytochrome P–450 system Answer: B, Conversion of angiotensin–I to angiotensin–II "," Which of the following is the best-known metabolic function of the lung? A. Inactivation of serotonin B. Conversion of angiotensin–I to angiotensin–II C. Inactivation of bradykinin D. Metabolism of basic drugs by cytochrome P–450 system Answer: B. Conversion of angiotensin–I to angiotensin–II " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Diagnostic criterion for infective endocarditis includes all EXCEPT? a,Rheumatoid factor bESR,c.Positive blood culture,d. Positive ECG Answer: b, ESR "," Diagnostic criterion for infective endocarditis includes all EXCEPT? A. Rheumatoid factor B. ESR C. Positive blood culture D. Positive ECG Answer: B. ESR " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All true about conus syndrome except? Begins at the level of lower 3 sacral and coccygeal segment Absent knee and ankle jerks Flexor plantar reflex Saddle anaesthesia Answer: B, Absent knee and ankle jerks "," All true about conus syndrome except? A. Begins at the level of lower 3 sacral and coccygeal segment B. Absent knee and ankle jerks C. Flexor plantar reflex D. Saddle anaesthesia Answer: B. Absent knee and ankle jerks " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which is NOT a third generation Cephalosporin? a - Ceftriaxone b - Cefotaxime c - Ceftizoxime d - Cefuroxime Answer: Cefuroxime "," Which is NOT a third generation Cephalosporin? A. Ceftriaxone B. Cefotaxime C. Ceftizoxime D. Cefuroxime Answer: D. Cefuroxime " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Uterine souffle? a-Is a soft blowing murmur synchronous with foetal hea sounds b-Is due to increase in blood flow through the dilated uterine vessels c-Is due to the active foetal movements d-Indicates the underlying foetal distress Answer:b, Is due to increase in blood flow through the dilated uterine vessels "," Uterine souffle? A. Is a soft blowing murmur synchronous with foetal hea sounds B. Is due to increase in blood flow through the dilated uterine vessels C. Is due to the active foetal movements D. Indicates the underlying foetal distress Answer: B. Is due to increase in blood flow through the dilated uterine vessels " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A child has mid-crown fracture in a permanent maxillary central incisor several months ago, the pulp is now necrotic, radiographic examination reveals an incompletely formed root with an open apex. The treatment of choice is? 1 Formocresol pulpotomy 2 Root canal therapy 3 Calcium hydroxide pulpotomy 4 Apexification Answer:4 - Apexification Apexification is the process of inducing the development of the root and the apical closure in an immature pulpless tooth with an open apex. The main aim of apexification is to preserve the Hertwig’s root sheath and apical pulp tissue. Ref: Textbook of endodontics, Nisha Garg and Amit Garg, 3rd edition, pg no:548 "," A child has mid-crown fracture in a permanent maxillary central incisor several months ago, the pulp is now necrotic, radiographic examination reveals an incompletely formed root with an open apex. The treatment of choice is? A. Formocresol pulpotomy B. Root canal therapy C. Calcium hydroxide pulpotomy D. Apexification Answer: D. Apexification " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Complications of obesity is/are: 1. Venous ulcer 2. Pulmonary embolism 3. Pickwickian syndrome 4. Hernias 5. Pulmonary hypeension? 1,2,3 & 4 2,3,4 & 5 1,2,3 & 5 All are true Answer: D, All are true "," Complications of obesity is/are: 1. Venous ulcer 2. Pulmonary embolism 3. Pickwickian syndrome 4. Hernias 5. Pulmonary hypeension? A. 1,2,3 & 4 B. 2,3,4 & 5 C. 1,2,3 & 5 D. All are true Answer: D. All are true " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 59-year-old male is found to have a 3.5-cm mass in the right upper lobe of his lung. A biopsy of this mass is diagnosed as a moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Workup reveals that no bone metastases are present, but laboratory examination reveals that the man's serum calcium levels are 11.5 mg/dL. This patient's paraneoplastic syndrome is most likely the result of ectopic production of? a)Parathyroid hormone b)Calcitonin c)Parathyroid hormone-related peptide d)Calcitonin-related peptide Answer:c, Parathyroid hormone-related peptide Symptoms not caused by either local or metastatic effects of tumors are called paraneoplastic syndromes. Bronchogenic carcinomas are associated with the development of many different types of paraneoplastic syndromes. These syndromes are usually associated with the secretion of ceain substances by the tumor cells. For example, ectopic secretion of ACTH may produce Cushing's syndrome, while ectopic secretion of antidiuretic hormone (syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion) may produce hyponatremia. Hypocalcemia may result from the production of calcitonin, while hypercalcemia may result from the production of parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), which is a normal substance produced locally by many different types of tissue. PTHrP is distinct from parathyroid hormone (PTH) patients with this type of paraneoplastic syndrome have increased calcium levels and decreased PTH levels. As a result of decreased PTH production, all of the parathyroid glands in these patients are atrophic. Other tumors associated with the production of PTHrP include clear cell carcinomas of the kidney, endometrial adenocarcinomas, and transitional carcinomas of the urinary bladder. Lung cancers are also associated with multiple, migratory venous thromboses. This migratory thrombophlebitis is called Trousseau's sign and is more classically associated with carcinoma of the pancreas. Hyperophic osteoahropathy is a syndrome consisting of periosteal new bone formation with or without digital clubbing and joint effusion. It is most commonly found in association with lung carcinoma, but it also occurs with other types of pulmonary disease. Erythrocytosis is associated with increased erythropoietin levels and some tumors, paicularly renal cell carcinomas, hepatocellular carcinomas, and cerebellar hemangioblastomas. It is not paicularly associated with bronchogenic carcinomas. Reference: Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9edition. "," A 59-year-old male is found to have a 3.5-cm mass in the right upper lobe of his lung. A biopsy of this mass is diagnosed as a moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Workup reveals that no bone metastases are present, but laboratory examination reveals that the man's serum calcium levels are 11.5 mg/dL. This patient's paraneoplastic syndrome is most likely the result of ectopic production of? A. Parathyroid hormone B. Calcitonin C. Parathyroid hormone-related peptide D. Calcitonin-related peptide Answer: C. Parathyroid hormone-related peptide " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Acyl carnitine functions in? a-Transport of long chain fatty acid b-Transport of short chain fatty acid c-Transport of NADH d-Transport of FADH Answer:a, Transport of long chain fatty acid "," Acyl carnitine functions in? A. Transport of long chain fatty acid B. Transport of short chain fatty acid C. Transport of NADH D. Transport of FADH Answer: A. Transport of long chain fatty acid " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Confirmatory test for syphilis is-rpt qun? a)FTA-ABS b)VDRL c)PCR d)Culture and sensitivity Answer:a, FTA-ABS rpt qun "," Confirmatory test for syphilis is-rpt qun? A. FTA-ABS B. VDRL C. PCR D. Culture and sensitivity Answer: A. FTA-ABS " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following fuel gases used for soldering, has the highest heat content? 1 Hydrogen 2 Natural gas 3 Acetylene 4 Propane Answer:4- Propane "," Which of the following fuel gases used for soldering, has the highest heat content? A. Hydrogen B. Natural gas C. Acetylene D. Propane Answer: D. Propane " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which poisoning causes 'pink disease'? Arsenic Mercury Copper Lead Answer: b "," Which poisoning causes 'pink disease'? A. Arsenic B. Mercury C. Copper D. Lead Answer: B. Mercury " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The structure damaged in the given condition is responsible for all except? Taste sensation of ant 2/3rd tongue Lacrimal gland secretion Parotid gland secretion Platysma contraction Answer: c "," The structure damaged in the given condition is responsible for all except? A. Taste sensation of ant 2/3rd tongue B. Lacrimal gland secretion C. Parotid gland secretion D. Platysma contraction Answer: C. Parotid gland secretion " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most dangerous paicles causing pneumoconiosis are of size? a)A. 1-5 micron b)B. <1 micron c)C. 5-15 micron d)D. 10-20 micron Answer:a, A. 1-5 micron In pneumoconiosis, the most dangerous paicles range from 1-5 micron in diameter, because they may reach the terminal small airway and settle in there lining notes The solubility and cytotoxicity of paicles ,modify the nature of pulmonary response "," Most dangerous paicles causing pneumoconiosis are of size? A. A. 1-5 micron B. B. <1 micron C. C. 5-15 micron D. D. 10-20 micron Answer: A. A. 1-5 micron " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Drug of choice for OCD is? 1 Clomipramine 2 Fluoxetine 3 Carbamezapine 4 Chlorpromazine Answer:2- Fluoxetine "," Drug of choice for OCD is? A. Clomipramine B. Fluoxetine C. Carbamezapine D. Chlorpromazine Answer: B. Fluoxetine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All are subjective tests for audiometry except? a)Tone decay b)Impedance audiometry c)Speech audiometry d)Pure tone audiometry Answer:b, Impedance audiometry (b) Impedance audiometry(Ref. Scott Brown, 6th ed., Vol 2; 2/12/1)Impedance audiometry is an objective test. It does not require the cooperation of patient.Other objective audiometry tests are; OAEs, Electrocochleography and BERA "," All are subjective tests for audiometry except? A. Tone decay B. Impedance audiometry C. Speech audiometry D. Pure tone audiometry Answer: B. Impedance audiometry " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Loeffler's medium is? Indicator medium Selective medium Enrichment medium Enriched medium Answer: d "," Loeffler's medium is? A. Indicator medium B. Selective medium C. Enrichment medium D. Enriched medium Answer: D. Enriched medium " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Bone marrow finding in myelofibrosis? a-Dry tap (hypocellular) b-Megaloblastic cells c-Microcytic cells d-Thrombocytosis Answer:a, Dry tap (hypocellular) "," Bone marrow finding in myelofibrosis? A. Dry tap (hypocellular) B. Megaloblastic cells C. Microcytic cells D. Thrombocytosis Answer: A. Dry tap (hypocellular) " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is not true of caloric test? Induction of nystagmus by thermal stimulation Normally, cold water induces nystatmus to opposite side and warm water to same side In canal paresis, the test is inconclusive Answer: C, In canal paresis, the test is inconclusive "," Which of the following is not true of caloric test? A. Induction of nystagmus by thermal stimulation B. Normally, cold water induces nystatmus to opposite side and warm water to same side C. In canal paresis, the test is inconclusive D. Answer: C. In canal paresis, the test is inconclusive " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -All of the following are precipitating factor for hepatic encephalopathy in patients with chronic liver disease except? -Hypokalemia -Hyponatremia -Hypoxia -Metabolic acidosis Answer: D: Metabolic acidosis "," All of the following are precipitating factor for hepatic encephalopathy in patients with chronic liver disease except? A. Hypokalemia B. Hyponatremia C. Hypoxia D. Metabolic acidosis Answer: D. Metabolic acidosis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Inhalation of fungal spores can cause primary lung infections. Of the following organisms, which one is most likely to be associated with this mode of transmission? a)C. immitis b)S. schenckii c)C. albicans d)T. tonsurans Answer:a, C. immitis C. albicans and Candida tropicalis are opportunistic fungi, and as part of the normal flora are not transmitted by inhalation. C. immitis is a dimorphic fungus and inhalation of the spores transmits the infection. Sprothrix is also a dimorphic fungus but its portal of entry is cutaneous. Trychophyton is a dermatophyte and one of the causes of athlete's foot. "," Inhalation of fungal spores can cause primary lung infections. Of the following organisms, which one is most likely to be associated with this mode of transmission? A. C. immitis B. S. schenckii C. C. albicans D. T. tonsurans Answer: A. C. immitis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Anterolateral ahroscopy of knee is for? A.To see patellofemoral aiculation B.To see the posterior cruciate ligament C.To see the anterior poion of lateral meniscus D.To see the periphery of the posterior horn of medial meniscus Answer:A. To see patellofemoral aiculation Standard poals in knee ahroscopy Anterolateral poal Almost all the structures within the knee joint can be seen except- posterior cruciate ligament anterior poion of the lateral meniscus periphery of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus in tight knees. Anteromedial poal Additional viewing of lateral compament Posteromedial poal Used for viewing the posteromedial structures For repair or removal of the displaced posterior horn of meniscal tears Superolateral poal Used for diagnostically viewing the dynamics of patella-femoral joint, excision of medial plica. "," Anterolateral ahroscopy of knee is for? A. To see patellofemoral aiculation B. To see the posterior cruciate ligament C. To see the anterior poion of lateral meniscus D. To see the periphery of the posterior horn of medial meniscus Answer: A. To see patellofemoral aiculation " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Stem cells are present where in cornea? 1 Limbus 2 Stroma 3 Epithelium 4 Descmet's membrane Answer:1 - Limbus Answer- A. LimbusLimbal stem cells (also called corneal epithelial stem cells) are stem cells located in the basal epithelial layer of the corneal limbus.Proliferation of limbal stem cells maintains the cornea; for example, replacing cells that are lost tears.Limbal stem cells also prevent the conjunctivalepithelial cells from migrating onto the surface ofthe cornea. "," Stem cells are present where in cornea? A. Limbus B. Stroma C. Epithelium D. Descmet's membrane Answer: A. Limbus " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Essential amino acids are all except? a)Leucine b)Lysine c)Methionine d)Proline Answer:d, Proline 10 amino acid are essential - T - Threonine V -VALINE P- Phenylalanine A- Arginine T- Tryptophan M- Methionine I -Isoleucine L -Leucine L - Lysine 2 amino acid are semi essential -Arginine and histidine can be synthesized by adults and not by growing children "," Essential amino acids are all except? A. Leucine B. Lysine C. Methionine D. Proline Answer: D. Proline " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following does cause epidemic kerato conjuctivitis? Adenovirus Enterovirus Coxsakie virus Herpes virus Answer: a "," Which of the following does cause epidemic kerato conjuctivitis? A. Adenovirus B. Enterovirus C. Coxsakie virus D. Herpes virus Answer: A. Adenovirus " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 52 year old male presents to his physician with a chief complaint of a substantial increase in the size of his breasts over the past few months. Three months ago he was diagnosed with hypeension, and placed on antihypeensive medication. Which of the following medications was most likely prescribed? a-Captopril b-Furosemide c-Hydrochlorothiazide d-Spironolactone Answer:d, Spironolactone "," A 52 year old male presents to his physician with a chief complaint of a substantial increase in the size of his breasts over the past few months. Three months ago he was diagnosed with hypeension, and placed on antihypeensive medication. Which of the following medications was most likely prescribed? A. Captopril B. Furosemide C. Hydrochlorothiazide D. Spironolactone Answer: D. Spironolactone " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Von Gierke&;s occurs due to deficiency of? a - Glucose-6-phosphatase b - Liver Phosphorylase c - Muscle phosphorylase d - Debranching enzyme Answer: Glucose-6-phosphatase "," Von Gierke&;s occurs due to deficiency of? A. Glucose-6-phosphatase B. Liver Phosphorylase C. Muscle phosphorylase D. Debranching enzyme Answer: A. Glucose-6-phosphatase " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Mac Callum plaques in rheumatic hea disease are? a,Left atrium bLeft ventricle,c.Right atrium,d. Right ventricle Answer: a, Left atrium "," Mac Callum plaques in rheumatic hea disease are? A. Left atrium B. Left ventricle C. Right atrium D. Right ventricle Answer: A. Left atrium " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Human metapneumovirus is structurally similar to? -Influenza virus -Respiratory syncytial virus -Measles virus -Rubella virus Answer: B: Respiratory syncytial virus "," Human metapneumovirus is structurally similar to? A. Influenza virus B. Respiratory syncytial virus C. Measles virus D. Rubella virus Answer: B. Respiratory syncytial virus " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Sacrum becomes a single bone at ___ years of age.:? 1 15 2 25 3 30 4 40 Answer: 25 Sacrum The five sacral veebrae are separated by cailage until pubey. Later, fusion of epiphyses takes place and ossification of interveebral discs extend from below upwards. Sacrum becomes single bone at 21-25 years of age. Sometimes, it leaves a gap between S1 and S2, until 32 years called as 'lapsed union'. "," Sacrum becomes a single bone at ___ years of age.:? A. 15 B. 25 C. 30 D. 40 Answer: B. 25 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: NADPH actions in RBC are a/e? a,Produce ATP bStabilizes the membrane,c.Reductive biosynthesis,d. GP6D deficiency causes decreased synthesis of NADPH Answer: a, Produce ATP "," NADPH actions in RBC are a/e? A. Produce ATP B. Stabilizes the membrane C. Reductive biosynthesis D. GP6D deficiency causes decreased synthesis of NADPH Answer: A. Produce ATP " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most common viral cause of Fulminant hepatic failure in pregnancy? 1 HAV 2 HBV 3 HCV 4 HEV Answer:4 - HEV HEV- increases risk of fulminant hepatic failure in pregnancy "," Most common viral cause of Fulminant hepatic failure in pregnancy? A. HAV B. HBV C. HCV D. HEV Answer: D. HEV " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Dimension stability of hydrocollids may be achieved by? A.optimizing w:p B.using cold water C.prolonged manipulation D.using humidor Answer:D. using humidor "," Dimension stability of hydrocollids may be achieved by? A. optimizing w:p B. using cold water C. prolonged manipulation D. using humidor Answer: D. using humidor " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which anaesthetic agent increases intracranial tension among the following? A)Thiopentone B)Propofol C)Lignocaine D)Sevoflurane Answer:D, Sevoflurane "," Which anaesthetic agent increases intracranial tension among the following? A. Thiopentone B. Propofol C. Lignocaine D. Sevoflurane Answer: D. Sevoflurane " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Pancytopenia is most common after? a - Hepatitis b - Infective carditis c - Pyelonephritis d - Meningitis Answer: Hepatitis "," Pancytopenia is most common after? A. Hepatitis B. Infective carditis C. Pyelonephritis D. Meningitis Answer: A. Hepatitis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 25 year male presented with high grade fever, headache, neck stiffness, on examination found to have neck rigidity, kernig's sign positive, csf analysis showed neutrophilic predominance, low glucose and limulus amebocyte lysate assay was positive. Which of the following is the likely pathogen? a - Staphylococcus aureus b - Streptococcus pneumonia c - Neisseria meningitides d - Listeria monocytogenes Answer: Neisseria meningitides "," A 25 year male presented with high grade fever, headache, neck stiffness, on examination found to have neck rigidity, kernig's sign positive, csf analysis showed neutrophilic predominance, low glucose and limulus amebocyte lysate assay was positive. Which of the following is the likely pathogen? A. Staphylococcus aureus B. Streptococcus pneumonia C. Neisseria meningitides D. Listeria monocytogenes Answer: C. Neisseria meningitides " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Reversible cause of dementia is? A)Alzheimer's disease B)Parkinsonism C)Hypothyroidism D)Vascular dementia Answer:C, Hypothyroidism "," Reversible cause of dementia is? A. Alzheimer's disease B. Parkinsonism C. Hypothyroidism D. Vascular dementia Answer: C. Hypothyroidism " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: CO2 is primarily transpoed in the aerial blood as? a-Dissolved CO2. b-Carbonic Acid. c-Carbamino-hemoglobin. d-Bicarbonate Answer:d, Bicarbonate "," CO2 is primarily transpoed in the aerial blood as? A. Dissolved CO2. B. Carbonic Acid. C. Carbamino-hemoglobin. D. Bicarbonate Answer: D. Bicarbonate " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which among the following is it best inotrope drug for use in right hea failure? Dobutamine Digoxin Dopamine Milrinone Answer: D, Milrinone "," Which among the following is it best inotrope drug for use in right hea failure? A. Dobutamine B. Digoxin C. Dopamine D. Milrinone Answer: D. Milrinone " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which joint is commonly involved in osteochondritis dissecans? Ankle joint Knee joint Wrist joint Elbow joint Answer: b "," Which joint is commonly involved in osteochondritis dissecans? A. Ankle joint B. Knee joint C. Wrist joint D. Elbow joint Answer: B. Knee joint " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Subconjunctival cyst is seen in? 1 Toxoplasmosis 2 Cysticercosis 3 Leishmaniasis 4 Chaga's disease Answer:2 - Cysticercosis Ans. is b i.e., Cysticercosis Parasitic cysts occurs in subconjunctival cysticercus, hydatid cyst and filarial cyst. "," Subconjunctival cyst is seen in? A. Toxoplasmosis B. Cysticercosis C. Leishmaniasis D. Chaga's disease Answer: B. Cysticercosis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All are immediate causes of death in burns except? a-Injury b-Suffocation c-Toxemia d-Shock Answer:c, Toxemia "," All are immediate causes of death in burns except? A. Injury B. Suffocation C. Toxemia D. Shock Answer: C. Toxemia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All are common causes of childhood blindness except? Malnutrition Glaucoma Ophthalmia neonatorum Congenital dacryocystitis Answer: D, Congenital dacryocystitis "," All are common causes of childhood blindness except? A. Malnutrition B. Glaucoma C. Ophthalmia neonatorum D. Congenital dacryocystitis Answer: D. Congenital dacryocystitis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Person preoccupied by worries about ill health is? a-Hypochondriac b-Maniac c-Depressed d-Delirium Answer:a, Hypochondriac "," Person preoccupied by worries about ill health is? A. Hypochondriac B. Maniac C. Depressed D. Delirium Answer: A. Hypochondriac " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Malignant pustule occurs in? 1 Melanoma 2 Gas gangrene 3 Ovarian tumour 4 Anthrax Answer: Anthrax "," Malignant pustule occurs in? A. Melanoma B. Gas gangrene C. Ovarian tumour D. Anthrax Answer: D. Anthrax " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Gaucher's disease is inherited as? a,Autosomal recessive bAutosomal dominant,c.X-linked recessive,d. X-linked dominant Answer: a, Autosomal recessive "," Gaucher's disease is inherited as? A. Autosomal recessive B. Autosomal dominant C. X-linked recessive D. X-linked dominant Answer: A. Autosomal recessive " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which category of ICD is associated with schizophrenia? a-F0 b-F1 c-F2 d-F3 Answer:c, F2 "," Which category of ICD is associated with schizophrenia? A. F0 B. F1 C. F2 D. F3 Answer: C. F2 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most common method of anterior capsulotomy in phacoemulsification? a-Can-opener capsulotomy b-Intercapsular capsulotomy c-Capsulorhexis d-Envelop capsulotomy Answer:c, Capsulorhexis "," Most common method of anterior capsulotomy in phacoemulsification? A. Can-opener capsulotomy B. Intercapsular capsulotomy C. Capsulorhexis D. Envelop capsulotomy Answer: C. Capsulorhexis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: What is the most probable poal of entry of Aspergillus? A.Puncture wound B.Blood C.Lungs D.Gastrointestinal tract Answer:C. Lungs Aspergillus species are widely distributed on decaying plants, producing chains of conidia. Aspergillus species unlike Candida species do not form the pa of normal flora of humans. They are ubiquitous in the environment; hence transmission of infection is mostly exogenous. Aspergillus transmission occurs by inhalation of airborne conidia. Risk Factors for invasive aspergillosis are: Glucocoicoid use (the most impoant risk factor) Profound neutropenia or Neutrophil dysfunction Underlying pneumonia or COPD, tuberculosis or sarcoidosis Antitumor necrosis factor therapy. "," What is the most probable poal of entry of Aspergillus? A. Puncture wound B. Blood C. Lungs D. Gastrointestinal tract Answer: C. Lungs " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following causes BOTH superior and inferior rib-notching in a chest radiograph? a - NF-1 b - Blalock Taussig shunt c - SVC occlusion d - Coarctation of aoa Answer: NF-1 "," Which of the following causes BOTH superior and inferior rib-notching in a chest radiograph? A. NF-1 B. Blalock Taussig shunt C. SVC occlusion D. Coarctation of aoa Answer: A. NF-1 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Q fever is caused by? a,Pseudomonas bFrancisella,c.Coxiella burnetii,d. Rickettsia typhi Answer: c, Coxiella burnetii "," Q fever is caused by? A. Pseudomonas B. Francisella C. Coxiella burnetii D. Rickettsia typhi Answer: C. Coxiella burnetii " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Spanish windlass was practices in Spain as a method of execution. It is a type of? A)Bansdola B)Mugging C)Garrotting D)Hanging Answer:C, Garrotting "," Spanish windlass was practices in Spain as a method of execution. It is a type of? A. Bansdola B. Mugging C. Garrotting D. Hanging Answer: C. Garrotting " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Lymphatics of suprarenal gland drain into lymph nodes? a)Internal iliac b)Para-aortic c)Superficial inguinal d)Coeliac Answer:b, Para-aortic Suprarenal glands drain into para-aortic nodes. "," Lymphatics of suprarenal gland drain into lymph nodes? A. Internal iliac B. Para-aortic C. Superficial inguinal D. Coeliac Answer: B. Para-aortic " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 27 year old sexually active male develops a vesiculobullous lesion on the glans soon after within 8hrs taking tablet diclofenac for viral fever. The lesion healed with hyperpigmentation.The most likely dignosis is? 1 Behcet's syndrome 2 herpes genitalis 3 fixed drug erruption 4 pemphigus vulgaris Answer:3- fixed drug erruption "," A 27 year old sexually active male develops a vesiculobullous lesion on the glans soon after within 8hrs taking tablet diclofenac for viral fever. The lesion healed with hyperpigmentation.The most likely dignosis is? A. Behcet's syndrome B. herpes genitalis C. fixed drug erruption D. pemphigus vulgaris Answer: C. fixed drug erruption " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In the stage of Grey hepatization? 1 WBC's fill the alveoli 2 RBC's fill the alveoli 3 Organisms fill the alveoli 4 Accumulation of fibrin Answer:4- Accumulation of fibrin "," In the stage of Grey hepatization? A. WBC's fill the alveoli B. RBC's fill the alveoli C. Organisms fill the alveoli D. Accumulation of fibrin Answer: D. Accumulation of fibrin " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Pawaer burr, appearance on laparoscopy is characteristic of? 1 Endometriosis 2 Endometroid tumour 3 Epithelial ovarian tumour 4 Endometrial cancer Answer: Endometriosis Endometriosis "," Pawaer burr, appearance on laparoscopy is characteristic of? A. Endometriosis B. Endometroid tumour C. Epithelial ovarian tumour D. Endometrial cancer Answer: A. Endometriosis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Increased Ig A levels are seen in? a-Alcoholic hepatitis b-Alcoholic cirrhosis c-Microvescicular fatty change d-Macrovesicular fatty change Answer:b, Alcoholic cirrhosis "," Increased Ig A levels are seen in? A. Alcoholic hepatitis B. Alcoholic cirrhosis C. Microvescicular fatty change D. Macrovesicular fatty change Answer: B. Alcoholic cirrhosis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Investigations in a clinically suspected case of tuberculosis? A.Mantoux (in children) B.Sputum AFB C.Bactec D.All of the above Answer:D. All of the above "," Investigations in a clinically suspected case of tuberculosis? A. Mantoux (in children) B. Sputum AFB C. Bactec D. All of the above Answer: D. All of the above " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The WBC that is considered “second line of defence” is? A.Neutrophil B.Eosinophil C.Basophil D.Monocyte Answer:D. Monocyte Monocyte is considered as the second line of defence.   Phagocytosis by Macrophages. Macrophages are the end-stage product of monocytes that enter the tissues from the blood. When activated by the immune system, they are much more powerful phagocytes than neutrophils, often capable of phagocytizing as many as 100 bacteria. They also have the ability to engulf much larger particles, even whole RBCs or, occasionally, malarial parasites, whereas neutrophils are not capable of phagocytizing particles much larger than bacteria. Also, after digesting particles, macrophages can extrude the residual products and often survive and function for many more months. Reference: GUYTON AND HALL TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY, THIRTEENTH EDITION(INTERNATIONAL EDITION ) page no 458 "," The WBC that is considered “second line of defence” is? A. Neutrophil B. Eosinophil C. Basophil D. Monocyte Answer: D. Monocyte " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Hand over mouth technique was first described by? 1 Dr. Evangeline Jordan 2 Addeston and Gold fried 3 Dr.G.V.Black 4 Dr. Goldman Answer:1- Dr. Evangeline Jordan "," Hand over mouth technique was first described by? A. Dr. Evangeline Jordan B. Addeston and Gold fried C. Dr.G.V.Black D. Dr. Goldman Answer: A. Dr. Evangeline Jordan " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: During the course of any given day of work in the acute care setting, the nurse may need to perform which roles? Select all that apply. A)Statistician B)Financier C)Teacher D)Counselor E)Communicator Answer: C, D, E "," During the course of any given day of work in the acute care setting, the nurse may need to perform which roles? Select all that apply. A. Statistician B. Financier C. Teacher D. Counselor E. Communicator Answer: C. Teacher D. Counselor E. Communicator " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Nucleic acids absorb UV light maximally at the wavelength of? 1 260nm 2 280 nm 3 410 nm 4 320 nm Answer:1 - 260nm Nucleic acids absorb UV light maximally at the wavelength of 260 nm 260/280 ratio of pure DNA/RNA is in the range of 1.8 to 2. Amino acids absorb U.V light (not visible light)- colorless. Aromatic amino acids absorb U.V light at 250-290 nm (maximum absorption is at 280nm) because of conjugated double bonds. "," Nucleic acids absorb UV light maximally at the wavelength of? A. 260nm B. 280 nm C. 410 nm D. 320 nm Answer: A. 260nm " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 2-year-old child had burns on buttocks, both legs, face, neck and singeing of hair. Total surface area burnt: JIPMER 14? A.27% B.37% C.45% D.55% Answer:B. 37% "," A 2-year-old child had burns on buttocks, both legs, face, neck and singeing of hair. Total surface area burnt: JIPMER 14? A. 27% B. 37% C. 45% D. 55% Answer: B. 37% " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Best prognostic factor for head injury is? -A.Glasgow coma scale -B.Age -C.Mode of injury -D.CT Answer: a: A.Glasgow coma scale "," Best prognostic factor for head injury is? A. A.Glasgow coma scale B. B.Age C. C.Mode of injury D. D.CT Answer: A. A.Glasgow coma scale " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All of the following are well recognised predisposing factors for adult respiratory distress syndrome, except? A)Multiple blood transfusions B)Septicemia C)Status asthmaticus D)Toxic gas inhalation Answer:C- Status asthmaticus Status asthmaticus is an example of type 2 respiratory failure while ARDS is type 1 respiratory failure. All other choices lead to cytokines release and damage the alveoli leading to ARDS. "," All of the following are well recognised predisposing factors for adult respiratory distress syndrome, except? A. Multiple blood transfusions B. Septicemia C. Status asthmaticus D. Toxic gas inhalation Answer: C. Status asthmaticus " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which is an uricosuric drug? A)Allopurinol B)Probenecid C)Indomethacin D)Aspirin Answer:B- Probenecid Ans. is 'b' i.e., Probenecid Uricosuric drugs are probenacid, sulfinpyrazone and benzbromarone. "," Which is an uricosuric drug? A. Allopurinol B. Probenecid C. Indomethacin D. Aspirin Answer: B. Probenecid " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following drug crosses placenta? A)Heparin B)Warfarin C)Dicumarol D)Nicoumalone Answer:B, Warfarin "," Which of the following drug crosses placenta? A. Heparin B. Warfarin C. Dicumarol D. Nicoumalone Answer: B. Warfarin " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Intra uterine growth retardation can be caused by all except? Nicotine Alcohol Propranolol Phenothiazine Answer: D, Phenothiazine "," Intra uterine growth retardation can be caused by all except? A. Nicotine B. Alcohol C. Propranolol D. Phenothiazine Answer: D. Phenothiazine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Regarding carcinoma Gallbladder true statement? A)Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common B)Present with jaundice C)Good prognosis D)65% survival after surgery Answer:B, Present with jaundice "," Regarding carcinoma Gallbladder true statement? A. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common B. Present with jaundice C. Good prognosis D. 65% survival after surgery Answer: B. Present with jaundice " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: True about Rotameter –? a-Rotameter reading may not get affected by dirt inside the tube b-Rotameter reading may not get affected by static electricity c-The height to which bobbin rises indicates the flow rate d-A rotameter is a variable pressure flowmeter Answer:c, The height to which bobbin rises indicates the flow rate "," True about Rotameter –? A. Rotameter reading may not get affected by dirt inside the tube B. Rotameter reading may not get affected by static electricity C. The height to which bobbin rises indicates the flow rate D. A rotameter is a variable pressure flowmeter Answer: C. The height to which bobbin rises indicates the flow rate " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Which of the following is true regarding precocious puberty? -Sexual maturity is attained early -Mental function is increased -No reproductive function -Body proportions are enlarged Answer: a: Sexual maturity is attained early "," Which of the following is true regarding precocious puberty? A. Sexual maturity is attained early B. Mental function is increased C. No reproductive function D. Body proportions are enlarged Answer: A. Sexual maturity is attained early " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Cadaveric position of vocal cords ? Midline 1.5 mm from midline 3.5 mm from midline 7.5 mm from midline Answer: c "," Cadaveric position of vocal cords ? A. Midline B. 1.5 mm from midline C. 3.5 mm from midline D. 7.5 mm from midline Answer: C. 3.5 mm from midline " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All of the following can be used to treat alcohol dependence except? 1 Naltrexone 2 Acamprosate 3 Flumazenil 4 Disulfiram Answer:3- Flumazenil "," All of the following can be used to treat alcohol dependence except? A. Naltrexone B. Acamprosate C. Flumazenil D. Disulfiram Answer: C. Flumazenil " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -What is normal range of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) for adequate glycaemic control in diabetic patient? -6% to 8 % -8 % to 10 % -4 % to 6 % -10 % to 12 % Answer: A: 6% to 8 % "," What is normal range of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) for adequate glycaemic control in diabetic patient? A. 6% to 8 % B. 8 % to 10 % C. 4 % to 6 % D. 10 % to 12 % Answer: A. 6% to 8 % " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Nyctalopia is due to deficiency of? a-Vitamin A b-Vitamin B c-Vitamin C d-Vitamin E Answer:a, Vitamin A "," Nyctalopia is due to deficiency of? A. Vitamin A B. Vitamin B C. Vitamin C D. Vitamin E Answer: A. Vitamin A " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All the following malignancies are associated with HIV, except? Kaposi's Ca. Non Hodgkin's lymphoma Astrocytoma Gastric adeno Ca. Answer: c "," All the following malignancies are associated with HIV, except? A. Kaposi's Ca. B. Non Hodgkin's lymphoma C. Astrocytoma D. Gastric adeno Ca. Answer: C. Astrocytoma " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -If GCS score is 8, head injury is classified as? -Mild -Moderate -Severe -Very severe Answer: C Severe "," If GCS score is 8, head injury is classified as? A. Mild B. Moderate C. Severe D. Very severe Answer: C. Severe " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 50 years old lady presented with lump in the left breast, which has developed suddenly in weeks. Perimenstrual symptoms are present. No associated family history. On examination, the lump is well circumscribed, fluctuant, 1.5 cm oval in shape. Most likely diagnosis? a)Breast cyst b)Galactocele c)Fibroadenoma d)Breast cancer Answer:a, Breast cyst Fibroadenoma - it occurs in 2nd to 3rd decade of life Galactocele - it occurs in 3rd to 4th decade of life. Breast cancer - there is no associated family history and lump has developed suddenly hence breast cancer is ruled out. Breast cyst - it occurs in 5th to 6th decade of life. Examination revealed fluctuant lesion which point towards breast cyst. - Often multiple, may be bilateral & can mimic malignancy. Typically present suddenly - Diagnosis can be confirmed by aspiration and / or ultrasound. "," A 50 years old lady presented with lump in the left breast, which has developed suddenly in weeks. Perimenstrual symptoms are present. No associated family history. On examination, the lump is well circumscribed, fluctuant, 1.5 cm oval in shape. Most likely diagnosis? A. Breast cyst B. Galactocele C. Fibroadenoma D. Breast cancer Answer: A. Breast cyst " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which vitamin is supplied from only animal source? A.Vitamin C B.Vitamin B7 C.Vitamin B12 D.Vitamin D Answer:C. Vitamin B12 Ans. (c) Vitamin B12 Ref: Harrison's 19th ed. P 640* Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) is synthesized solely by microorganisms.* In humans, the only source for humans is food of animal origin, e.g., meat, fish, and dairy products.* Vegetables, fruits, and other foods of nonanimal origin doesn't contain Vitamin B12 .* Daily requirements of vitamin Bp is about 1-3 pg. Body stores are of the order of 2-3 mg, sufficient for 3-4 years if supplies are completely cut off. "," Which vitamin is supplied from only animal source? A. Vitamin C B. Vitamin B7 C. Vitamin B12 D. Vitamin D Answer: C. Vitamin B12 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A new perioperative nurse is receiving orientation to the surgical area and learns about the Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP) goals. What major areas do these measures focus on? (Select all that apply.) a. Hemorrhage prevention b. Infection prevention c. Malignant hyperthermia testing d. Stroke recognition e. Thromboembolism prevention f. Correct hair removal Answer: B, E, F The Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP), a set of core compliance measures, was initiated in 2006 to reduce surgical complications. Examples of focus included administration of prophylactic antibiotics to prevent infection, correct hair removal processes, the timing of discontinuation of urinary catheterization after surgery, and venous thromboembolism prophylaxis. These practices are now standard in surgical care. "," A new perioperative nurse is receiving orientation to the surgical area and learns about the Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP) goals. What major areas do these measures focus on? (Select all that apply.) A. Hemorrhage prevention B. Infection prevention C. Malignant hyperthermia testing D. Stroke recognition E. Thromboembolism prevention F. Correct hair removal Answer: B. Infection prevention, E. Thromboembolism prevention, F. Correct hair removal " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 35 yr old pregnant female at 40 weeks gestational age presents with pain and regular uterine contractions every 4-5min . On arrival the patient is in a lot of pain and requesting relief immediately. Her cervix is 5 cm dilated. What is most appropriate method of pain control for this patient? Intramuscular morphine Pudendal block Local block Epidural block Answer: d "," A 35 yr old pregnant female at 40 weeks gestational age presents with pain and regular uterine contractions every 4-5min . On arrival the patient is in a lot of pain and requesting relief immediately. Her cervix is 5 cm dilated. What is most appropriate method of pain control for this patient? A. Intramuscular morphine B. Pudendal block C. Local block D. Epidural block Answer: D. Epidural block " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Hypertrophy means? 1 Increased protein content of the cells 2 Increase in size of cells 3 Increase in number of cells 4 None of the above Answer:2- Increase in size of cells "," Hypertrophy means? A. Increased protein content of the cells B. Increase in size of cells C. Increase in number of cells D. None of the above Answer: B. Increase in size of cells " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In marasmus, which of the following is not seen? a)Edema b)Voracious appetite c)Hepatomegaly not seen d)Child is active Answer:a, Edema Edema is a feature of Kwashiorkor, not seen in marasmus. Kwashiorkor Marasmus Edema Present absent appetite poor Voracious appetite CNS involvement apathy Active child Hepatomegaly seen Not seen Skin and hair changes More common Less common "," In marasmus, which of the following is not seen? A. Edema B. Voracious appetite C. Hepatomegaly not seen D. Child is active Answer: A. Edema " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Gottron papules is seen in ? A)Dermatomyositis B)Scleroderma C)Sarcoidosis D)Behcets syndrome Answer:A- Dermatomyositis Ans. is 'a' i.e., Dermatomyositis "," Gottron papules is seen in ? A. Dermatomyositis B. Scleroderma C. Sarcoidosis D. Behcets syndrome Answer: A. Dermatomyositis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Egg shell calcification is seen in all except –? A.Sarcoidosis B.Silicosis C.Post irradiation lymphoma D.Bronchogenic CA Answer:D. Bronchogenic CA "," Egg shell calcification is seen in all except –? A. Sarcoidosis B. Silicosis C. Post irradiation lymphoma D. Bronchogenic CA Answer: D. Bronchogenic CA " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most common cause of neonatal meningitis? a-Staphylococcus b-E. coli c-H. influenze d-Pneumococcus Answer:b, E. coli "," Most common cause of neonatal meningitis? A. Staphylococcus B. E. coli C. H. influenze D. Pneumococcus Answer: B. E. coli " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Asymmetric tonic neck reflex (ATNR) disappears at ______? A.6 months B.5 months C.9 months D.8 months Answer:A. 6 months "," Asymmetric tonic neck reflex (ATNR) disappears at ______? A. 6 months B. 5 months C. 9 months D. 8 months Answer: A. 6 months " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following statements about mycosis fungoides is not true? a - It is the most common skin lymphoma b - Pautriers micro abscesses are common c - It has a indolent course and good prognosis d - It presents with diffuse erythroderma. Answer: It has a indolent course and good prognosis "," Which of the following statements about mycosis fungoides is not true? A. It is the most common skin lymphoma B. Pautriers micro abscesses are common C. It has a indolent course and good prognosis D. It presents with diffuse erythroderma. Answer: C. It has a indolent course and good prognosis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Growth of oral structures is mainly influenced by factors? 1 Hereditary 2 Environmental 3 Hereditary-influenced by environmental factor 4 None of the above Answer:3- Hereditary-influenced by environmental factor "," Growth of oral structures is mainly influenced by factors? A. Hereditary B. Environmental C. Hereditary-influenced by environmental factor D. None of the above Answer: C. Hereditary-influenced by environmental factor " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All are true about Klumpke's paralysis except? a - Claw hand is never seen b - Intrincsic muscles of hand are paralysed c - Horner's syndrome can be associated d - Involves lower trunk of brachial plexus Answer: Claw hand is never seen "," All are true about Klumpke's paralysis except? A. Claw hand is never seen B. Intrincsic muscles of hand are paralysed C. Horner's syndrome can be associated D. Involves lower trunk of brachial plexus Answer: A. Claw hand is never seen " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A female child with virilization, hypertension with low plasma renin diagnosis is? A)21α hydroxylase deficiency B)11 β hydroxylase deficiency C)3β hydroxylase deficiency D)Conn’s syndrome Answer:B- 11 β hydroxylase deficiency 9] Congenital adrenal hyperplasia represents a group of autosomal recessive inherited, metabolic errors, each characterized by decency or total lack of a particular enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of cortical steroids, Steroidogenesis is then channelled into other pathways leading to increased production of androgens, which accounts for virilization. Simultaneously, the decency of cortisol results in increased secretion of ACTH resulting in adrenal hyperplasia. Following enzymes are implicated in the congenital adrenal hyperplasia 21 α hydroxylase decency (partial or complete) 17 α hydroxylase deficiency 11β hydroxylase deficiency 21 α hydroxylase deficiency • Two forms of this deficiency include - A. Salt-wasting adrenogenital ism B. Simple Virilizing adrenogenital ism A) Salt-wasting syndrome (complete lack) The salt wasting syndrome results from complete lack of 21 hydroxylases. There is no synthesis of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids in the adrenal cortex. Decreased mineralocorticoids causes marked sodium loss in the urine, resulting in hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, acidosis and hypotension. Because of the enzyme block, there is increased formation of 17 - hydroxyprogesterone, which is then shunted into the production of testosterone. This may cause virilism (pseudo-hermaphroditism) in female infants. That is (XX) Female with 21 hydroxylase deficiency develops ovaries, female ductal structures and external male genitalia. But in the male child, the effect of increased testosterone will not be manifested at the time of birth. The complete21 hydroxylase deficiency or salt wasting syndrome usually comes to light only after the birth because in utero the electrolytes and uids can be maintained by maternal kidneys. Males with this disorder comes to clinical attention 5 to 15 days later because of salt losing crisis while females come to attention soon after the birth because of the virilization. B) Simple Virilizing adrenogenital syndrome (Partial deficiency) Occurs in individuals with partial deficiency of 21 hydroxylases Less severe deficiency of mineralocorticoid, is sufficient for salt reabsorption, but the lowered glucocorticoid fails to cause feedback inhibition of ACTH secretion. Thus level of aldosterone is mildly reduced, testosterone is increased and ACTH elevated with resultant adrenal hyperplasia. 11B hydroxylase deficiency-. Rare Leads to decreased cortisol and increased ACTH. This, in turn, leads to the accumulation of DOC (deoxycorticosterone) and 11 deoxycortisol both of which are strong mineralocorticoids. This results in increased sodium retention by the kidneys and hypertension, hypokalemia. Patients also develop virilization due to androgen excess. 17 α hydroxylase deficiency - Patients with deficiency of 17 hydroxylases also have impaired cortisol production, increased ACTH and secondary increased DOC. These patients, however, cannot synthesize normal amount of androgens and estrogens. This is because the gene that codes for 17 α hydroxylase is the same for the enzyme in the adrenal cortex and the gonads and the decency is same in both organs. Because of decreased sex hormones, genotypic females develop primary amenorrhoea and fail to develop secondary sex characteristics while genotypic males will present as pseudohermaphrodite. 3 β hydroxylase deficiency 3-β hydroxylase deficiency is a rare genetic disorder of steroid biosynthesis that results in decreased production of all three groups of adrenal steroids which include mineralocorticoid, glucocorticoid and sex steroids. Decreased mineralocorticoid secretion results in varying degrees of salt wasting in both males and females. Decent androgen production results in ambiguous genitalia in males The usual presentation is a male child with ambiguous genitalia and severe salt wasting. Sometimes it may also occur in females "," A female child with virilization, hypertension with low plasma renin diagnosis is? A. 21α hydroxylase deficiency B. 11 β hydroxylase deficiency C. 3β hydroxylase deficiency D. Conn’s syndrome Answer: B. 11 β hydroxylase deficiency " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Diagnosis of carcinoid tumors is done by? a-5HIAA b-DHEA c-DHEA d-Metanephrines Answer:a, 5HIAA "," Diagnosis of carcinoid tumors is done by? A. 5HIAA B. DHEA C. DHEA D. Metanephrines Answer: A. 5HIAA " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Neostigmine antagonizes non depolarising blockade by all of the following mechanism except? Decreasing the breakdown of acetyl choline at the motor end plate Preventing the K+efflux Increasing the release of acetyl choline at the motor end plate Depolarization at the motor end plate Answer: A, Decreasing the breakdown of acetyl choline at the motor end plate "," Neostigmine antagonizes non depolarising blockade by all of the following mechanism except? A. Decreasing the breakdown of acetyl choline at the motor end plate B. Preventing the K+efflux C. Increasing the release of acetyl choline at the motor end plate D. Depolarization at the motor end plate Answer: A. Decreasing the breakdown of acetyl choline at the motor end plate " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Post operative muscle ache is caused by? A)d-TC B)Suxamethonium C)Gallamine D)Pancuronium Answer:B- Suxamethonium "," Post operative muscle ache is caused by? A. d-TC B. Suxamethonium C. Gallamine D. Pancuronium Answer: B. Suxamethonium " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Acid fast organisms are? Spores Nocardia Legionella Rodococcus Answer: A, Spores "," Acid fast organisms are? A. Spores B. Nocardia C. Legionella D. Rodococcus Answer: A. Spores " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All are true regarding Crohn's disease except? 1 Infertility 2 Risk of Ca 3 Medical treatment includes antibiotics, probiotics and TNF alpha blockers 4 ASCA-negative Answer:4 - ASCA-negative Ref: Harrison s Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th edition, pg 2486 Explanation: Crohn's disease- MC site-terminal ileum with rectal sparing, skip areas + It is transmural, hence more of fistula formation More of systemic symptoms, pain, abdominal mass Toxic megacolon - Perforation Intraabdominal abscess, fallopian tube scarring - infertility Intestinal obstruction, massive hemorrhage, malabsorption, severe perianal disease Cobblestoning on endoscope Response to antibiotics and recurrence after surgery ASCA(anti-saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody)-positive Treatment - Antibiotics, corticosteroids, sulfasalazine, mercaptopurine, azathioprine, methotrexate. cyclosporine, tacrolimus Anti-TNF: Infliximab, adalimumab. certolizumab pegol Anti-integrin: Natalizumab Risk of Ca increases with duration & severity of the disease (See the following table) "," All are true regarding Crohn's disease except? A. Infertility B. Risk of Ca C. Medical treatment includes antibiotics, probiotics and TNF alpha blockers D. ASCA-negative Answer: D. ASCA-negative " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Which of the following changes does not occur in malignant hypeension? -Peticheal Haemorrhages on coical surface -Fibrinoid necrosis of aerioles -Intimal concentric thickening -Hyaline aeriosclerosis Answer: d "," Which of the following changes does not occur in malignant hypeension? A. Peticheal Haemorrhages on coical surface B. Fibrinoid necrosis of aerioles C. Intimal concentric thickening D. Hyaline aeriosclerosis Answer: D. Hyaline aeriosclerosis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All of the following are synonymous codon pair EXCEPT? CAU & CAC AUU & AUC AUG & AUA AAU & AAC Answer: C, AUG & AUA "," All of the following are synonymous codon pair EXCEPT? A. CAU & CAC B. AUU & AUC C. AUG & AUA D. AAU & AAC Answer: C. AUG & AUA " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -What is the mechanism of action of Fluconazole? -Inhibits fungal mitosis -Inhibits lanosterol 14 demethylase -Inhibits squalene epoxidase -Inhibit ß1,3 glucan synthase Answer: B: Inhibits lanosterol 14 demethylase "," What is the mechanism of action of Fluconazole? A. Inhibits fungal mitosis B. Inhibits lanosterol 14 demethylase C. Inhibits squalene epoxidase D. Inhibit ß1,3 glucan synthase Answer: B. Inhibits lanosterol 14 demethylase " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Vitamin B12 intrinsic factor absorption occurs in? A)Duodenum B)Ileum C)Jejunum D)Colon Answer:B, Ileum "," Vitamin B12 intrinsic factor absorption occurs in? A. Duodenum B. Ileum C. Jejunum D. Colon Answer: B. Ileum " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following statements about fluconazole is most accurate? It is highly effective in the treatment of aspergillosis It does not penetrate the blood-brain barrier Its oral bioavailability is less than that of ketoconazole It inhibits demethylation of lanosterol Answer: D.It inhibits demethylation of lanosterol "," Which of the following statements about fluconazole is most accurate? A. It is highly effective in the treatment of aspergillosis B. It does not penetrate the blood-brain barrier C. Its oral bioavailability is less than that of ketoconazole D. It inhibits demethylation of lanosterol Answer: D. It inhibits demethylation of lanosterol " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Commonest etiology of erythema multiforme is? a - Viral b - Bacterial c - Food d - Drugs Answer: Viral "," Commonest etiology of erythema multiforme is? A. Viral B. Bacterial C. Food D. Drugs Answer: A. Viral " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In Profound MR, IQ is? A.50-69 B.35-49 C.20-34 D.< 20 Answer:D. < 20 "," In Profound MR, IQ is? A. 50-69 B. 35-49 C. 20-34 D. < 20 Answer: D. < 20 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 31-year-old woman has new-onset headaches and blood pressure elevation. She also notices that the symptoms come episodically and consist of palpitations, headache, anxiety, and marked blood pressure elevation. She undergoes a workup for secondary causes of hypertension, and is found to have elevated free catecholamines in her urine.For the patient with systemic disease, select the typical cardiovascular involvement? 1 focal myocardial necrosis 2 proximal aortitis 3 endothelial plaques 4 systolic scratchy sound Answer:1 - focal myocardial necrosis Focal myocardial necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration caused by high circulating levels of catecholamines are seen in about 50% of patients who die with pheochromocytoma.Hypertension can further impair left ventricular function. "," A 31-year-old woman has new-onset headaches and blood pressure elevation. She also notices that the symptoms come episodically and consist of palpitations, headache, anxiety, and marked blood pressure elevation. She undergoes a workup for secondary causes of hypertension, and is found to have elevated free catecholamines in her urine.For the patient with systemic disease, select the typical cardiovascular involvement? A. focal myocardial necrosis B. proximal aortitis C. endothelial plaques D. systolic scratchy sound Answer: A. focal myocardial necrosis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Fries test is used in the diagnosis of? A.Gonorrhoea B.Herpes C.Chanchroid D.Granuloma venereum Answer:D. Granuloma venereum "," Fries test is used in the diagnosis of? A. Gonorrhoea B. Herpes C. Chanchroid D. Granuloma venereum Answer: D. Granuloma venereum " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: For exhumation the order should be passed by? A.Chief judicial magistrate B.Executive magistrate C.Police officer D.Session judge Answer:B. Executive magistrate The body is exhumed only when, there is written order from the executive magistrate. "," For exhumation the order should be passed by? A. Chief judicial magistrate B. Executive magistrate C. Police officer D. Session judge Answer: B. Executive magistrate " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A patient repoed with a history of fall on an outstretched hand, complains of pain in the anatomical snuffbox and clinically no deformities visible. The diagnosis is? a,Colles' fracture bLunate dislocation,c.Baon's fracture,d. Scaphoid fracture Answer: d, Scaphoid fracture "," A patient repoed with a history of fall on an outstretched hand, complains of pain in the anatomical snuffbox and clinically no deformities visible. The diagnosis is? A. Colles' fracture B. Lunate dislocation C. Baon's fracture D. Scaphoid fracture Answer: D. Scaphoid fracture " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Shakir's tape is an example of? a-Community paicipation b-Intersectoral coordination c-Equitable distribution d-Appropriate technology Answer:d, Appropriate technology "," Shakir's tape is an example of? A. Community paicipation B. Intersectoral coordination C. Equitable distribution D. Appropriate technology Answer: D. Appropriate technology " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Not a premalignant condition: March 2005? A)Retinitis pigmentosa B)Crohn's disease C)Ulcerative colitis D)Leukoplakia Answer:A, Retinitis pigmentosa "," Not a premalignant condition: March 2005? A. Retinitis pigmentosa B. Crohn's disease C. Ulcerative colitis D. Leukoplakia Answer: A. Retinitis pigmentosa " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Patient on treatment on carbidopa + levodopa for 10 yrs now has weaning off effect. What should be added to restore action? a-Tolcapone b-Amantadine c-Rasagiline d-Benzhexol Answer:a, Tolcapone "," Patient on treatment on carbidopa + levodopa for 10 yrs now has weaning off effect. What should be added to restore action? A. Tolcapone B. Amantadine C. Rasagiline D. Benzhexol Answer: A. Tolcapone " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Which of the following means of contraception is the best method to achieve Net Reproductive Rate (NRR)=1? -IUCD -Condoms -Vasectomy -Oral pills Answer: c: Vasectomy "," Which of the following means of contraception is the best method to achieve Net Reproductive Rate (NRR)=1? A. IUCD B. Condoms C. Vasectomy D. Oral pills Answer: C. Vasectomy " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: For pericardial calcifications, which is the best investigation? 1 MRI 2 Transesophageal echocardiography 3 USG 4 CT scan Answer:4- CT scan "," For pericardial calcifications, which is the best investigation? A. MRI B. Transesophageal echocardiography C. USG D. CT scan Answer: D. CT scan " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Clinical features of rheumatic fever are all except? a)Cardiomegaly b)Joint pains c)ST segment elevation d)Increased PR interval Answer:a, Cardiomegaly Ref: R Alagappan - Manual of Practical Medicine 4th Edition.pg no:146-147 Rheumatic Fever Acute, recurrent, inflammatory disease, mainly of children (aged 5-15 years), typically occurring 1-5 weeks after group A streptococcal infection. Pathophysiology 1. Cross reactivity of host antistreptococcal antibodies to cardiac antigens 2. Microbe initiated autoimmune reactivity. Jones Criteria for Diagnosis of Rheumatic Fever Major Criteria Carditis Pancarditis, seen in 50-60% of patients, develops within the first 2 weeks of rheumatic fever. Pericarditis is evidenced by presence of a pericardial rub, myocarditis by tachycardia, soft S1, presence of S3 and CCF and endocarditis by the presence of Carey-Coombs' murmur (mitral diastolic murmur). Ahritis (60-75%) Flitting and fleeting type of polyahritis involving large joints with no residual deformity is seen in 60-75% of patients and occurs early in rheumatic fever. Jaccod's ahritis: Ulnar detion of 4th and 5th finger with flexion at metacarpophalangeal joints is the only residual deformity seen in rheumatic polyahritis. Subcutaneous Nodules Non-tender nodules are seen over bony prominences like elbows, shin, occiput, spine in 3-5% of patients and occur 3-6 weeks after onset of rheumatic fever. Patients who have subcutaneous nodules almost always have carditis. Erythema Marginatum (< 5% and evanescent) Macular lesions with an erythematous rim and central clearing in a bathing suit distribution are seen in < 5% of patients and occur early in rheumatic fever. Chorea (Sydenham's Chorea) (2-30%) A neurological disorder with rapid, involuntary and purposeless non-repetitive movements with a self limiting course of 2-6 weeks is more common in females and is a late manifestation of rheumatic fever. Minor Criteria Clinical 1. Fever 2. Ahralgia 3. Previous history of rheumatic fever or rheumatic hea disease. Laboratory 1. Acute phase reactants (leucocytosis, raised ESR, C-reactive protein) 2. Prolonged PR interval in ECG (> 0.2 sec). WHO Criteria Jones major and pa of the minor criteria except prior history of rheumatic fever/rheumatic hea disease and C-reactive protein. Essential Criteria Evidence for recent streptococcal infection as evidenced by: 1. Increase in ASO titre a. > 333 Todd units (in children) b. > 250 Todd units (in adults). 2. Positive throat culture for streptococcal infection. 3. Recent history of scarlet fever. Two major (or) one major and two minor criteria, in the presence of essential criteria, is required to diagnose Acute Rheumatic Fever. A Positive Rheumatic Fever history is usually elicited in only 50% of patient with Rheumatic Hea Disease. Valve Involvement in Rheumatic Hea Disease Mitral valve alone 50% Aoic valve alone 15-20% Mitral and Aoic valves together 35-40% Mitral, Aoic and Tricuspid valves 2-3% Pulmonary valve is viually never involved. In RHD, mitral valve is most commonly involved followed by involvement of the aoic valve as the pressure gradient across the mitral valve is the greatest, followed by that across the aoic valve. So, the mitral valve is more susceptible to develop pathological changes than the aoic valve. "," Clinical features of rheumatic fever are all except? A. Cardiomegaly B. Joint pains C. ST segment elevation D. Increased PR interval Answer: A. Cardiomegaly " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -A 22 year old man had a Beef sandwich and Potato salad. He Vomited 2 hours after the meal. What is the probable diagnosis? -S. aureus poisoning -Bacillus cereus poisoning -Clostridial poisonong -Helicobacter pylori poisoning Answer: A S. aureus poisoning "," A 22 year old man had a Beef sandwich and Potato salad. He Vomited 2 hours after the meal. What is the probable diagnosis? A. S. aureus poisoning B. Bacillus cereus poisoning C. Clostridial poisonong D. Helicobacter pylori poisoning Answer: A. S. aureus poisoning " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A child brought to casualty with reports of violent shaking by parents. The most likely injury is? 1 Long bone fracture 2 Ruptured spleen 3 Subdural haematoma 4 Skull bone fracture Answer:3 - Subdural haematoma Violent shaking (by parent) may cause subdural hematoma; whereas ruptured spleen occurs due to compression of abdomen; long bone fracture due to compression, bending, direct blow, pulling and twisting; and skull fractures due to direct blow. Caffey (1974) described the effects of shaking as a major cause of subdural haematoma and intraocular bleeding in battered babies or infantile whiplash syndrome. "," A child brought to casualty with reports of violent shaking by parents. The most likely injury is? A. Long bone fracture B. Ruptured spleen C. Subdural haematoma D. Skull bone fracture Answer: C. Subdural haematoma " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most common cause of Acute Aseptic Meningitis in children is? 1 Arbovirus 2 Respiratory syncytial virus 3 Enterovirus 4 Herpes family Answer:3 - Enterovirus (C) Enterovirus # VIRAL CAUSES INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING: Enteroviruses - coxsackievirus, echovirus, poliovirus. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2) Varicella-zoster virus. Arboviruses, Epstein-Barr virus, HIV, Influenza virus types A and B, Mumps virus.> Many different viruses can cause meningitis.> About 90% of cases of viral meningitis are caused by members of a group of viruses known as Enteroviruses, such as Coxsacki-eviruses and Echoviruses.> These viruses are more common during summer and fall months.>Herpesviruses and the mumps virus can also cause viral meningitis. "," Most common cause of Acute Aseptic Meningitis in children is? A. Arbovirus B. Respiratory syncytial virus C. Enterovirus D. Herpes family Answer: C. Enterovirus " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Which is the anesthetic agent of choice in a case of status asthmaticus? -Ketamine -Thiopentone -Ether -Nitrous Oxide Answer: A Ketamine "," Which is the anesthetic agent of choice in a case of status asthmaticus? A. Ketamine B. Thiopentone C. Ether D. Nitrous Oxide Answer: A. Ketamine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Retinoscopy is done for? a,Examination of Retina bAssessing surface of cornea,c.Refractive errors,d. Examination of vitreous Answer: c, Refractive errors "," Retinoscopy is done for? A. Examination of Retina B. Assessing surface of cornea C. Refractive errors D. Examination of vitreous Answer: C. Refractive errors " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: True about measles is/are a) Incubation period (I.P.) is 10-12 days b) Confunctivitis common c) Rash starts on abdomen d) Koplik spots are seen on fundus examination? 1 ab 2 bc 3 cd 4 bd Answer:1- ab "," True about measles is/are a) Incubation period (I.P.) is 10-12 days b) Confunctivitis common c) Rash starts on abdomen d) Koplik spots are seen on fundus examination? A. ab B. bc C. cd D. bd Answer: A. ab " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Flipped LDH indicating Myocardial Infarction is represented by? A.LDH-1> LDH-2 B.LDH-2 > LDH-1 C.LDH-4 > LDH-5 D.LDH-5 > LDH-4 Answer:A. LDH-1> LDH-2 "," Flipped LDH indicating Myocardial Infarction is represented by? A. LDH-1> LDH-2 B. LDH-2 > LDH-1 C. LDH-4 > LDH-5 D. LDH-5 > LDH-4 Answer: A. LDH-1> LDH-2 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following behaviors by the nurse demonstrates that the nurse is participating in critical thinking? Select all that apply. A. Admitting not knowing how to do a procedure and requesting help B. Using clever and persuasive remarks to support an opinion or position C. Accepting without question the values acquired in nursing school D. Finding a quick and logical answer, even to complex questions E. Gathering three assistants to transfer the client to a stretcher after noting the client weighs 300 lbs. Answer: A. Admitting not knowing how to do a procedure and requesting help E. Gathering three assistants to transfer the client to a stretcher after noting the client weighs 300 lbs. Rationale: Critical thinking in nursing is self-directed, supporting what nurses know and making clear what they do not know. It is important for nurses to recognize when they lack the knowledge they need to provide safe care for a client (option 1). Nurses must also utilize their resources to acquire the support they need to care for a client safely (option 5). Options 2, 3, and 4 do not demonstrate critical thinking. "," Which of the following behaviors by the nurse demonstrates that the nurse is participating in critical thinking? Select all that apply. A. Admitting not knowing how to do a procedure and requesting help B. Using clever and persuasive remarks to support an opinion or position C. Accepting without question the values acquired in nursing school D. Finding a quick and logical answer, even to complex questions E. Gathering three assistants to transfer the client to a stretcher after noting the client weighs 300 lbs. Answer: A. Admitting not knowing how to do a procedure and requesting help E. Gathering three assistants to transfer the client to a stretcher after noting the client weighs 300 lbs. " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Groove sign is seen in? a-Syphilis b-Dermatomyositis c-LGV d-SLE Answer:c, LGV "," Groove sign is seen in? A. Syphilis B. Dermatomyositis C. LGV D. SLE Answer: C. LGV " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Rectal polyp most commonly presents as? a)Obstruction b)Bleeding c)Infection d)Changes into malignancy Answer:b, Bleeding .LOWER GI BLEED- * Bleeding in the GIT below the level of the ligament of Treitz. * Normal faecal blood loss is 1.2 ml/day. A loss more than 10 ml/day is significant.* Angiodysplasia. * Diveicular disease - commonest cause in Western countries. * Tumours of colon or small bowel. * Anorectal diseases--Haemorrhoids, fissure in ano. * Ulcerative colitis * Crohn's disease. * Colorectal polyps; rectal carcinomas. * Intussusception ref:SRB&;s manual of surgery,ed 3,pg no 925. "," Rectal polyp most commonly presents as? A. Obstruction B. Bleeding C. Infection D. Changes into malignancy Answer: B. Bleeding " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -The strength attained by amalgam within 8 hours is? -60% -70% -80% -90% Answer: B: 70% "," The strength attained by amalgam within 8 hours is? A. 60% B. 70% C. 80% D. 90% Answer: B. 70% " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Which of the following is/are true of blunt renal trauma? -Blunt renal trauma and penetrating renal injuries are managed similarly -Blunt renal trauma must be evaluated by contrast studies using either IVP or CT -Blunt renal trauma requires exploration only when the patient exhibits hemodynamic instability -Any kidney fractured by blunt renal trauma must be explored Answer: C: Blunt renal trauma requires exploration only when the patient exhibits hemodynamic instability "," Which of the following is/are true of blunt renal trauma? A. Blunt renal trauma and penetrating renal injuries are managed similarly B. Blunt renal trauma must be evaluated by contrast studies using either IVP or CT C. Blunt renal trauma requires exploration only when the patient exhibits hemodynamic instability D. Any kidney fractured by blunt renal trauma must be explored Answer: C. Blunt renal trauma requires exploration only when the patient exhibits hemodynamic instability " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Excitatory Neurotransmitter in CNS? Acetyl choline Glycine GABA Glutamate Answer: D.Glutamate "," Excitatory Neurotransmitter in CNS? A. Acetyl choline B. Glycine C. GABA D. Glutamate Answer: D. Glutamate " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Vaccination causing intussusception is? -Rotavirus -Parvovirus -Poliovirus -BCG Answer: A Rotavirus "," Vaccination causing intussusception is? A. Rotavirus B. Parvovirus C. Poliovirus D. BCG Answer: A. Rotavirus " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: What is the best method of informing the rural population about Oral rehydration technique: March 2013 (d, f)? A.Chalk and talk/Lecture B.Demonstrations C.Role play D.Flash cards Answer:B. Demonstrations Ans. B i.e. Demonstrations Demonstration involves showing by reason or proof explaining or making clear by use of examples or experiments. Put more simply, demonstration means to clearly show "," What is the best method of informing the rural population about Oral rehydration technique: March 2013 (d, f)? A. Chalk and talk/Lecture B. Demonstrations C. Role play D. Flash cards Answer: B. Demonstrations " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Treatment of Hodgkin&;s disease? -CHOP -MOPP -ABVD - Answer: C ABVD "," Treatment of Hodgkin&;s disease? A. CHOP B. MOPP C. ABVD D. Answer: C. ABVD " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: NOT a cause of granular contracted kidney ? 1 Diabetes mellitus 2 Chronic pyelonephritis 3 Benign nephrosclerosis 4 Chronic glomerulonephritis Answer: Diabetes mellitus Ans. is 'a' i.e., Diabetes mellitusCauses of Granular contracted kidney ?Chronic glomerulonephritis (symmetric)Chronic pyelonephritis (asymmetric) o Benign Nephrosclerosis (Symmetric) Sometimes, Diabetes too can cause granular contracted kidney "," NOT a cause of granular contracted kidney ? A. Diabetes mellitus B. Chronic pyelonephritis C. Benign nephrosclerosis D. Chronic glomerulonephritis Answer: A. Diabetes mellitus " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: What is tuberculoma? a)Granuloma present in the lungs b)Tuberculous periapical granuloma c)Tuberculous lesion of the lymph nodes d)None of the above Answer:b, Tuberculous periapical granuloma Tuberculosis may also involve the bone of the maxilla or mandible. One common mode of entry for the microorganisms is into an area of periapical inflammation by way of the blood stream; an anachoretic effect. It is conceivable also that these microorganisms may enter the periapical tissues by direct immigration through the pulp chamber and root canal of a tooth with an open cavity. The lesion produced is essentially a tuberculous periapical granuloma or tuberculoma. These lesions were usually painful and sometimes involve a considerable amount of bone by relatively rapid extension. Ref: Shafer's textbook of oral pathology 7th edition page 321-322 "," What is tuberculoma? A. Granuloma present in the lungs B. Tuberculous periapical granuloma C. Tuberculous lesion of the lymph nodes D. None of the above Answer: B. Tuberculous periapical granuloma " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Cause of Coxa vera ? -Congenital -Pehe's disease -SCFE -All of the above Answer: A Congenital "," Cause of Coxa vera ? A. Congenital B. Pehe's disease C. SCFE D. All of the above Answer: A. Congenital " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Hyperchloremic acidosis is seen in? a-A b-Diarrhoea c-DKA d-Dehydration Answer:a, A "," Hyperchloremic acidosis is seen in? A. A B. Diarrhoea C. DKA D. Dehydration Answer: A. A " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Under transplantation of humans organs act, the punishment for the doctor involved is? A.< 1 year B.< 2 years C.2-5 years D.> 5 years Answer:C. 2-5 years "," Under transplantation of humans organs act, the punishment for the doctor involved is? A. < 1 year B. < 2 years C. 2-5 years D. > 5 years Answer: C. 2-5 years " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The nurse decides it would be beneficial to the client to allow the client's infant granddaughter to visit before the client's scheduled heart transplant. Before implementing this intervention the nurse should collaborate with which of the following? Select all that apply. A. Client and Family B. Other nursing staff on the unit C. Security department D. Hospital administration E. This is not a collaborative intervention so no collaboration will be needed prior to implementation Answer: A. Client and Family B. Other nursing staff on the unit Rationale: Collaboration with the client and family will encourage a sense of autonomy and active involvement in the healthcare process for the client. In this case collaboration with other nursing staff will ensure the successful implementation of the planned intervention. There is no real need for collaboration with hospital administration or the security department in this situation although the nurse should be aware of her responsibility to collaborate at those levels when the situation demands it. "," The nurse decides it would be beneficial to the client to allow the client's infant granddaughter to visit before the client's scheduled heart transplant. Before implementing this intervention the nurse should collaborate with which of the following? Select all that apply. A. Client and Family B. Other nursing staff on the unit C. Security department D. Hospital administration E. This is not a collaborative intervention so no collaboration will be needed prior to implementation Answer: A. Client and Family, B. Other nursing staff on the unit " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All are causes of white-dot syndrome except? A)Fuch's heterochromic uveitis B)VKH syndrome C)HIV retinopathy D)Sympathetic ophthalmitis Answer:D- Sympathetic ophthalmitis Ans. Sympathetic ophthalmitis "," All are causes of white-dot syndrome except? A. Fuch's heterochromic uveitis B. VKH syndrome C. HIV retinopathy D. Sympathetic ophthalmitis Answer: D. Sympathetic ophthalmitis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Ring sideroblasts, with iron laden occurs in? a-Endoplasmic reticulum b-Nucleus c-Mitochondria d-Nuclear membrane Answer:c, Mitochondria "," Ring sideroblasts, with iron laden occurs in? A. Endoplasmic reticulum B. Nucleus C. Mitochondria D. Nuclear membrane Answer: C. Mitochondria " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most common complication after ERCP is? A)Acute Pancreatitis B)Acute cholangitis C)Acute cholecystitis D)Duodenal perforation Answer:A, Acute Pancreatitis "," Most common complication after ERCP is? A. Acute Pancreatitis B. Acute cholangitis C. Acute cholecystitis D. Duodenal perforation Answer: A. Acute Pancreatitis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Pneumocystic carnii infects? -Human -Monkey -Rat -Cats Answer: c "," Pneumocystic carnii infects? A. Human B. Monkey C. Rat D. Cats Answer: C. Rat " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Increase in pauwel's angle indicate? A.Good prognosis B.Impaction C.More chances of displacement D.Trabecular alignment displacement Answer:C. More chances of displacement Pauwel's classification - depending on angle (Pauwel's angle) formed by the line with the horizontal. More the Pauwell's angle, more unstable is the fracture with poorer prognosis Type I : <30deg Type II : 30-50deg Type III: >50deg(worst prognosis) "," Increase in pauwel's angle indicate? A. Good prognosis B. Impaction C. More chances of displacement D. Trabecular alignment displacement Answer: C. More chances of displacement " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The number 12 in a 3 unit formula 12-6-8 indicates the blade is? a - 12 mm in length b - 1.2 mm in length c - 12 mm in width d - 1.2 mm in width Answer: 1.2 mm in width "," The number 12 in a 3 unit formula 12-6-8 indicates the blade is? A. 12 mm in length B. 1.2 mm in length C. 12 mm in width D. 1.2 mm in width Answer: D. 1.2 mm in width " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A nurse working in the preoperative holding area performs which functions to ensure client safety? (Select all that apply.) a. Allow small sips of plain water. b. Check that consent is on the chart. c. Ensure that the client has an armband on. d. Have the client help mark the surgical site. e. Allow the client to use the toilet before giving sedation. f. Assess the client for fall risks. Answer: B, C, D, E, F Providing for client safety is a priority function of the preoperative nurse. Checking for appropriately completed consent, verifying the client's identity, having the client assist in marking the surgical site if applicable, assessing for fall risk, and allowing the client to use the toilet prior to sedating him or her are just some examples of important safety measures. The preoperative client should be NPO, so water should not be provided unless an oral medication is ordered to be given in pre-op "," A nurse working in the preoperative holding area performs which functions to ensure client safety? (Select all that apply.) A. Allow small sips of plain water. B. Check that consent is on the chart. C. Ensure that the client has an armband on. D. Have the client help mark the surgical site. e. Allow the client to use the toilet before giving sedation. F. Assess the client for fall risks. Answer: B. Check that consent is on the chart, C. Ensure that the client has an armband on, D. Have the client help mark the surgical site, E. Allow the client to use the toilet before giving sedation, F. Assess the client for fall risks " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Investigation of choice in bronchiectasis is? a-Bronchoscopy b-MRI thorax c-HRCT lung d-Chest X-ray Answer:c, HRCT lung "," Investigation of choice in bronchiectasis is? A. Bronchoscopy B. MRI thorax C. HRCT lung D. Chest X-ray Answer: C. HRCT lung " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Exposure to noise above--causes permanent loss of hearing? -85 dB -90 dB -100 dB -160 dB Answer: d: 160 dB "," Exposure to noise above--causes permanent loss of hearing? A. 85 dB B. 90 dB C. 100 dB D. 160 dB Answer: D. 160 dB " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: True about Hodgkin's lymphoma are all except? Often localized to single axial group of lymph nodes Hepatomegaly is always present Contiguous spread of lymph nodes Can be cured by Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy Answer: b "," True about Hodgkin's lymphoma are all except? A. Often localized to single axial group of lymph nodes B. Hepatomegaly is always present C. Contiguous spread of lymph nodes D. Can be cured by Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy Answer: B. Hepatomegaly is always present " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -A mature pincer grasp is attained at ------ months? -8 -10 -12 -18 Answer: c: 12 "," A mature pincer grasp is attained at ------ months? A. 8 B. 10 C. 12 D. 18 Answer: C. 12 " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most common drug induced Extra Pyramidal Syndrome includes? a - Dystonia b - Chorea c - Tardive dyskinesia d - Hemiballismus Answer: Dystonia "," Most common drug induced Extra Pyramidal Syndrome includes? A. Dystonia B. Chorea C. Tardive dyskinesia D. Hemiballismus Answer: A. Dystonia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: What is the treatment of threshold ROP? laser photocoagulation slow reduction in oxygen retinal reattachment antioxidants Answer: a "," What is the treatment of threshold ROP? A. laser photocoagulation B. slow reduction in oxygen C. retinal reattachment D. antioxidants Answer: A. laser photocoagulation " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following does not predispose to leukemia? a,Genetic disorder bAlcohol,c.Smoking,d. Chemical exposure Answer: b, Alcohol "," Which of the following does not predispose to leukemia? A. Genetic disorder B. Alcohol C. Smoking D. Chemical exposure Answer: B. Alcohol " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Alzheimer's disease is associated with: September 2012? a)Delerium b)Delusion c)Dementia d)All of the above Answer:c, Dementia Ans. C i.e. Dementia Alzheimer's dementia Coical (NOT subcoical) dementia, Progressive, Associated with Apo E gene, Neurofibrillary tangles are seen and Donepezil is used in management "," Alzheimer's disease is associated with: September 2012? A. Delerium B. Delusion C. Dementia D. All of the above Answer: C. Dementia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most common cause of U/L mucopurulent rhinorrhea in a child is? Foreign body Adenoids which are blocking the airways Deted nasal septum Inadequately treated acute frontal sinusitis Answer: A.Foreign body "," Most common cause of U/L mucopurulent rhinorrhea in a child is? A. Foreign body B. Adenoids which are blocking the airways C. Deted nasal septum D. Inadequately treated acute frontal sinusitis Answer: A. Foreign body " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Blockade of nerve conduction by a local anaesthetic is characterized by? a-Greater potential to block a resting nerve as compared to a stimulated nerve b-Need to cross the cell membrane to produce the block c-Large myelinated fibers are blocked before small myelinated fibers d-Cause consistant change of resting membrane potential Answer:b, Need to cross the cell membrane to produce the block "," Blockade of nerve conduction by a local anaesthetic is characterized by? A. Greater potential to block a resting nerve as compared to a stimulated nerve B. Need to cross the cell membrane to produce the block C. Large myelinated fibers are blocked before small myelinated fibers D. Cause consistant change of resting membrane potential Answer: B. Need to cross the cell membrane to produce the block " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All are true about precocious puberty except? 1 Secondary sexual characters before the age of 8 years 2 Secondary sexual characters before the age of 6 years 3 Menstruation before the age of 10 years 4 Most common cause is constitutional Answer: Secondary sexual characters before the age of 6 years Ans. is 'b' i.e., Secondary sexual characters before the age of 6 years o Precocious puberty is the appearance of appropriate secondary sexual characters before the age of 8 years and occurrence of menstruation before 10 years of chronological age.o It is divided into the following types:A) Gonadotropin dependent precocious puberty/ Central precocious puberty / True precocious puberty:# Most common cause is constitutional, due to early maturation and activation of the hypothalamic - pituitary - gonadal axis.# Both breast and pubic hair development in girls# Pubic hair development and testicular enlargement in boys# Early developing sexual characteristics are ""isosexual"", meaning they are consistent with the child's gender.# Initial spurt in the height followed by premature closure of epiphysis with the result the ultimate height remains stunted.B) Gonadotropin - independent precocious puberty/ Peripheral precocious puberty/Pseudo - precocious puberty:# Exposure to sex steroid hormones that derive from the gonads, the adrenals or the environment.# Further subclassified as isosexual when sexual characters are consistent with gender, and as contrasexual when inconsistent with gender (virilization in girls, or feminization in boys).# Autonomous functional ovarian follicular cysts are the most common cause of gonadotropin - independent precocious puberty in girls.C) Incomplete precocious puberty':# Children with isolated premature thelarche or premature adrenarche. Both usually represent variants of normal pubertal development, but some will progress to complete precocious puberty that may be gonadotropin - dependent or independent. "," All are true about precocious puberty except? A. Secondary sexual characters before the age of 8 years B. Secondary sexual characters before the age of 6 years C. Menstruation before the age of 10 years D. Most common cause is constitutional Answer: B. Secondary sexual characters before the age of 6 years " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Where does the ""knot"" is put in the neck during judicial hanging? A.The back of the neck B.Under angle of jaw C.Below the chin D.Choice of hangman Answer:B. Under angle of jaw "," Where does the ""knot"" is put in the neck during judicial hanging? A. The back of the neck B. Under angle of jaw C. Below the chin D. Choice of hangman Answer: B. Under angle of jaw " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Regarding HIV which of teh following is nopt true? It is a DNA retrovirus Contains Reverse Transcriptase May infect host CD4 cells other than T lymphocytes Causes a reduction in host CD4 cells at late stage of disease Answer: A.It is a DNA retrovirus "," Regarding HIV which of teh following is nopt true? A. It is a DNA retrovirus B. Contains Reverse Transcriptase C. May infect host CD4 cells other than T lymphocytes D. Causes a reduction in host CD4 cells at late stage of disease Answer: A. It is a DNA retrovirus " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In rectus sheath which branch of aoa make anastmosis with superior epigastric aery? 1 Subclan aery 2 External iliac aery 3 Internal iliac aery 4 External carotid A Answer: External iliac aery The external iliac aeries are two major aeries which bifurcate off the common iliac aeries anterior to the sacroiliac joint of the pelvis. They proceed anterior and inferior along the medial border of the psoas major muscles. They exit the pelvic girdle posterior and inferior to the inguinal ligament about one third laterally from the inseion point of the inguinal ligament on the pubic tubercle at which point they are referred to as the femoral aeries. The external iliac aery is usually the aery used to attach the renal aery to the recipient of a kidney transplant. Ref - BDC vol2 6e pg339 , britannica.com "," In rectus sheath which branch of aoa make anastmosis with superior epigastric aery? A. Subclan aery B. External iliac aery C. Internal iliac aery D. External carotid A Answer: B. External iliac aery " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Neonate triangular cord sign on USG is seen in? a-Galactosemia b-Biliary atresia c-Hepatitis d- Answer:b, Biliary atresia "," Neonate triangular cord sign on USG is seen in? A. Galactosemia B. Biliary atresia C. Hepatitis D. Answer: B. Biliary atresia " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -True about Hematological change in Pregnancy? -Total blood volume increases 40% by term -The hematocrit increases -Red cell volume does not increase until 20 weeks -Hematocrit increases due to an increased RBC volume relative to plasma volume Answer: a: Total blood volume increases 40% by term "," True about Hematological change in Pregnancy? A. Total blood volume increases 40% by term B. The hematocrit increases C. Red cell volume does not increase until 20 weeks D. Hematocrit increases due to an increased RBC volume relative to plasma volume Answer: A. Total blood volume increases 40% by term " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Best way to prevent infection after cataract surgery is? Antibiotics Eye brow shaving Through irrigation None of the above Answer: A, Antibiotics "," Best way to prevent infection after cataract surgery is? A. Antibiotics B. Eye brow shaving C. Through irrigation D. None of the above Answer: A. Antibiotics " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A patient presented with ahritis and purpura. Laboratory examination showed monoclonal and polyclonal cryoglobulins. Histopathology showed deposits of cryoglobulins around the vessels. The patient should be tested for which of the following ? a)HBV b)HCV c)EBV d)Parvovious Answer:b, HCV Hepatitis C This is caused by an RNA flavivirus. Acute symptomatic infection with hepatitis C is rare. Most individuals are unaware of when they became infected and are identified only when they develop chronic liver disease. Eighty per cent of individuals exposed to the virus become chronically infected and late spontaneous viral clearance is rare. There is no active or passive protection against hepatitis C virus (HCV). Hepatitis C infection is usually identified in asymptomatic individuals screened because they have risk factors for infection, such as previous injecting drug use , or have incidentally been found to have abnormal liver blood tests. Although most people remain asymptomatic until progression to cirrhosis occurs, fatigue can complicate chronic infection and is unrelated to the degree of liver damage. Hepatitis C is the most common cause of what used to be known as 'non-A, non-B hepatitis'. If hepatitis C infection is left untreated, progression from chronic hepatitis to cirrhosis occurs over 20-40 years. Risk factors for progression include male gender, immunosuppression (such as co-infection with HIV), prothrombotic states and heavy alcohol misuse. Not everyone with hepatitis C infection will necessarily develop cirrhosis but approximately 20% do so within 20 years. Once cirrhosis has developed, the 5- and 10-year survival rates are 95% and 81%, respectively. One-quaer of people with cirrhosis will develop complications within 10 years and, once complications such as ascites develop, the 5-year survival is around 50%. Once cirrhosis is present, 2-5% per year will develop primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Ref Davidson edition23rd pg877 "," A patient presented with ahritis and purpura. Laboratory examination showed monoclonal and polyclonal cryoglobulins. Histopathology showed deposits of cryoglobulins around the vessels. The patient should be tested for which of the following ? A. HBV B. HCV C. EBV D. Parvovious Answer: B. HCV " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is the most specific test for Rheumatoid ahritis? 1 Anti-ccp antibody 2 Anti Igm antibody 3 Anti IgA antibody 4 Anti IgG antibody Answer:1- Anti-ccp antibody "," Which of the following is the most specific test for Rheumatoid ahritis? A. Anti-ccp antibody B. Anti Igm antibody C. Anti IgA antibody D. Anti IgG antibody Answer: A. Anti-ccp antibody " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The protective bacterium in the normal vagina is? A)Peptostreptococcus B)Lactobacillus C)Gardenella vaginalis D)E. coli Answer:B, Lactobacillus "," The protective bacterium in the normal vagina is? A. Peptostreptococcus B. Lactobacillus C. Gardenella vaginalis D. E. coli Answer: B. Lactobacillus " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Botulism is a disease of ? a,Neural transmission caused by the toxin of the bacterium clostridium botulinum bMuscular transmission caused by the toxin of the bacterium clostridium botulinum,c.Neuromuscular transmission caused by the toxin of the bacterium clostridium botulinum,d. Non neuromuscular transmission caused by the toxin of the bacterium clostridium botulinum Answer: c, Neuromuscular transmission caused by the toxin of the bacterium clostridium botulinum "," Botulism is a disease of ? A. Neural transmission caused by the toxin of the bacterium clostridium botulinum B. Muscular transmission caused by the toxin of the bacterium clostridium botulinum C. Neuromuscular transmission caused by the toxin of the bacterium clostridium botulinum D. Non neuromuscular transmission caused by the toxin of the bacterium clostridium botulinum Answer: C. Neuromuscular transmission caused by the toxin of the bacterium clostridium botulinum " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Alternating RBBB with Left anterior hemiblock is seen in? a - 1' degree hea block b - Complete hea block c - Mobitz type II block d - Bi-fascicular block Answer: Bi-fascicular block "," Alternating RBBB with Left anterior hemiblock is seen in? A. 1' degree hea block B. Complete hea block C. Mobitz type II block D. Bi-fascicular block Answer: D. Bi-fascicular block " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All viruses can be cultured in? a-Chemically defined media as that used for bacteria b-Living systems only c-Agar culture d-Non living systems also Answer:b, Living systems only "," All viruses can be cultured in? A. Chemically defined media as that used for bacteria B. Living systems only C. Agar culture D. Non living systems also Answer: B. Living systems only " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The drug used in petit mal seizures and has a narrow spectrum of antiepileptic activity is? A.Lamotrigine B.Ethosuximide C.Phenytoin D.Primidone Answer:B. Ethosuximide "," The drug used in petit mal seizures and has a narrow spectrum of antiepileptic activity is? A. Lamotrigine B. Ethosuximide C. Phenytoin D. Primidone Answer: B. Ethosuximide " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A nurse orienting to the postoperative area learns which principles about the postoperative period? (Select all that apply.) a. All phases require the client to be in the hospital. b. Phase I care may last for several days in some clients. c. Phase I requires intensive care unit monitoring. d. Phase II ends when the client is stable and awake. e. Vital signs may be taken only once a day in phase III. f. Some clients may be discharged directly after phase I. Answer: C, D, E There are three phases of postoperative care. Phase I is the most intense, with clients coming right from surgery until they are completely awake and hemodynamically stable. This may take hours or days and can occur in the intensive care unit or the postoperative care unit. Some patients achieve this level of recovery in phase I and can be discharged directly to home. Phase II ends when the client is at a pre-surgical level of consciousness and baseline oxygen saturation, and vital signs are stable. Phase III involves the extended-care environment and may continue at home or in an extended-care facility if needed. "," A nurse orienting to the postoperative area learns which principles about the postoperative period? (Select all that apply.) A. All phases require the client to be in the hospital. B. Phase I care may last for several days in some clients. C. Phase I requires intensive care unit monitoring. D. Phase II ends when the client is stable and awake. e. Vital signs may be taken only once a day in phase III. F. Some clients may be discharged directly after phase I. Answer: C. Phase I requires intensive care unit monitoring, D. Phase II ends when the client is stable and awake, E. Vital signs may be taken only once a day in phase III " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Melting temperature of DNA is directly proportional to? -GC Pairing -AT Pairing -Length of DNA -None of the above Answer: A GC Pairing "," Melting temperature of DNA is directly proportional to? A. GC Pairing B. AT Pairing C. Length of DNA D. None of the above Answer: A. GC Pairing " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Storage form of thyroid hormone? A)Tri-iodo tyrosine B)Tri - iodo thyronine C)Thyroglobulin D)Di-iodo tyrosine Answer:C, Thyroglobulin "," Storage form of thyroid hormone? A. Tri-iodo tyrosine B. Tri - iodo thyronine C. Thyroglobulin D. Di-iodo tyrosine Answer: C. Thyroglobulin " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: H. pylori has been implicated in all, except? Gastric ulcer Gastric carcinoma Gastric lymphoma GIST Answer: d "," H. pylori has been implicated in all, except? A. Gastric ulcer B. Gastric carcinoma C. Gastric lymphoma D. GIST Answer: D. GIST " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: True about polio? A.Paralytic polio is most common B.Spastic paralysis seen C.IM injections and increased muscular activity lead to increased paralysis D.Polio drops in pulse polio immunisation given only in <3 years old children Answer:C. IM injections and increased muscular activity lead to increased paralysis "," True about polio? A. Paralytic polio is most common B. Spastic paralysis seen C. IM injections and increased muscular activity lead to increased paralysis D. Polio drops in pulse polio immunisation given only in <3 years old children Answer: C. IM injections and increased muscular activity lead to increased paralysis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is not an action of epinephrine when administered intravenously in a high dose? 1 Increases liver glycogenolysis 2 Causes broachiolar constriction 3 Evokes extrasystoles in the heart 4 Produces restlessness and anxiety Answer: Causes broachiolar constriction "," Which of the following is not an action of epinephrine when administered intravenously in a high dose? A. Increases liver glycogenolysis B. Causes broachiolar constriction C. Evokes extrasystoles in the heart D. Produces restlessness and anxiety Answer: B. Causes broachiolar constriction " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most Common Tumour of Eyelid is? Sebaceeous Ca BCC SCC Malignant melanoma Answer: b "," Most Common Tumour of Eyelid is? A. Sebaceeous Ca B. BCC C. SCC D. Malignant melanoma Answer: B. BCC " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Sign of diabetic ketoacidosis is? A)Loss of sweating B)Depression C)Dehydration D)Absent deep tendon reflexes Answer:C, Dehydration "," Sign of diabetic ketoacidosis is? A. Loss of sweating B. Depression C. Dehydration D. Absent deep tendon reflexes Answer: C. Dehydration " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The most accurate diagnostic test for Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) is? a - Fasting serum gastrin b - Computed tomography (CT) scan c - Endoscopy d - Secretin stimulation test Answer: Secretin stimulation test "," The most accurate diagnostic test for Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) is? A. Fasting serum gastrin B. Computed tomography (CT) scan C. Endoscopy D. Secretin stimulation test Answer: D. Secretin stimulation test " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Cells are most radio-resistant in? -S phase -M phase -G1 phase -G2 phase Answer: A: S phase "," Cells are most radio-resistant in? A. S phase B. M phase C. G1 phase D. G2 phase Answer: A. S phase " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -True statement regarding Prevalence? -Cannot be used to determine the health needs of a community -Independent of incidence -Independent of duration -Measures all cases Answer: d: Measures all cases "," True statement regarding Prevalence? A. Cannot be used to determine the health needs of a community B. Independent of incidence C. Independent of duration D. Measures all cases Answer: D. Measures all cases " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following statement is false about hydrocele? A)Arises due to patent processus vaginalis B)Wait for 5 years for spontaneous closure of congenital hydrocele C)Lord's plication of sac for small hydrocele D)Jaboulay's eversion of sac for medium hydrocele Answer:B- Wait for 5 years for spontaneous closure of congenital hydrocele Treatment of Hydrocele Congenital Hydrocele: Usually spontaneous obliteration by 2 years age. If persists then Herniotomy. Treatment of Vaginal Hydrocele 1. Small hydrocele: Lord's procedure (Plication of sac)Q 2. Medium hydrocele: Jaboulay's procedure (Eversion of sac)Q 3. Large hydrocele: Excision of sacQ "," Which of the following statement is false about hydrocele? A. Arises due to patent processus vaginalis B. Wait for 5 years for spontaneous closure of congenital hydrocele C. Lord's plication of sac for small hydrocele D. Jaboulay's eversion of sac for medium hydrocele Answer: B. Wait for 5 years for spontaneous closure of congenital hydrocele " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Daily water requirement in child weighing 30 kgs, height 123 m and BSA of 1 m2 is? a-1300 m1 b-1700 ml c-2000 ml d-2500 ml Answer:b, 1700 ml "," Daily water requirement in child weighing 30 kgs, height 123 m and BSA of 1 m2 is? A. 1300 m1 B. 1700 ml C. 2000 ml D. 2500 ml Answer: B. 1700 ml " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -A 47-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital with signs of cavernous sinus thrombosis. Radiographic examination reveals a pituitary tumor involving the cavernous sinus, confirming the initial diagnosis. During physical examination it is suspected that the right abducens nerve of the patient has been damaged by the tumor. In which direction will the physician most likely ask the patient to turn her right eye to confirm the abducens nerve damage, assuming she is unable to perform this task? -Inward -Outward -Downward -Down and out Answer: B Outward "," A 47-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital with signs of cavernous sinus thrombosis. Radiographic examination reveals a pituitary tumor involving the cavernous sinus, confirming the initial diagnosis. During physical examination it is suspected that the right abducens nerve of the patient has been damaged by the tumor. In which direction will the physician most likely ask the patient to turn her right eye to confirm the abducens nerve damage, assuming she is unable to perform this task? A. Inward B. Outward C. Downward D. Down and out Answer: B. Outward " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Blood spill disinfection by? Isopropyl alcohol Hypochlorite Formalin Glutaraldehyde Answer: B, Hypochlorite "," Blood spill disinfection by? A. Isopropyl alcohol B. Hypochlorite C. Formalin D. Glutaraldehyde Answer: B. Hypochlorite " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which of the following is the best procedure done for intrapaum fetal monitoring? A.Fetal echocardiography B.Fetal scalp pH C.Continuous electrical fetal hea monitoring D.Physical examination Answer:C. Continuous electrical fetal hea monitoring Electrical Fetal hea monitoring is useful as: (1) Provides accurate information, (2) Helpful in diagnosing fetal distress, (3) Directs about intervention to prevent fetal death or morbidity, (4) It is superior to intermittent monitoring methods. "," Which of the following is the best procedure done for intrapaum fetal monitoring? A. Fetal echocardiography B. Fetal scalp pH C. Continuous electrical fetal hea monitoring D. Physical examination Answer: C. Continuous electrical fetal hea monitoring " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 41-year-old male patient presented with recurrent episodes of bloody diarrhoea for 5 years. Despite regular treatment with adequate doses of sulfasalazine, he has had several exacerbations of his disease and required several weeks of steroids for the control for flares. What should be the next line of treatment for him? Methotrexate Azathioprine Cyclosporine Cyclophosphamide Answer: B, Azathioprine "," A 41-year-old male patient presented with recurrent episodes of bloody diarrhoea for 5 years. Despite regular treatment with adequate doses of sulfasalazine, he has had several exacerbations of his disease and required several weeks of steroids for the control for flares. What should be the next line of treatment for him? A. Methotrexate B. Azathioprine C. Cyclosporine D. Cyclophosphamide Answer: B. Azathioprine " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Tuberculin test denotes? a - Previous or present sensitivity to tubercle proteins b - Patient is resistant to TB c - Person is susceptible to TB d - Protective immune status of individual against TB Answer: Previous or present sensitivity to tubercle proteins "," Tuberculin test denotes? A. Previous or present sensitivity to tubercle proteins B. Patient is resistant to TB C. Person is susceptible to TB D. Protective immune status of individual against TB Answer: A. Previous or present sensitivity to tubercle proteins " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Regarding glutathione which of the following is/are true? 1 It helps in absorption of ceain amino acids 2 It inactivates some enzymes 3 It helps in membrane transpo 4 All Answer:3- It helps in membrane transpo "," Regarding glutathione which of the following is/are true? A. It helps in absorption of ceain amino acids B. It inactivates some enzymes C. It helps in membrane transpo D. All Answer: C. It helps in membrane transpo " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -IPC 193 is for? -Perjury -Punishment for perjury -Issuing false certificate -Causing disappearance of evidence Answer: B Punishment for perjury "," IPC 193 is for? A. Perjury B. Punishment for perjury C. Issuing false certificate D. Causing disappearance of evidence Answer: B. Punishment for perjury " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: The most common cause of renal scaring in a 3 year old child is? A.Trauma B.Tuberculosis C.Vesicoureteral reflux induced pyelonephritis D.Interstitial nephritis Answer:C. Vesicoureteral reflux induced pyelonephritis Chronic pyelonephritis is characterized by renal inflammation and scarring induced by recurrent or persistent renal infection, vesicoureteral reflux, or other causes of urinary tract obstruction. VUR is a congenital condition that results from incompetence of the ureterovesical valve due to a sho intramural segment Ref Harrison20th edition pg 234 "," The most common cause of renal scaring in a 3 year old child is? A. Trauma B. Tuberculosis C. Vesicoureteral reflux induced pyelonephritis D. Interstitial nephritis Answer: C. Vesicoureteral reflux induced pyelonephritis " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Halban's disease is due to? -Persistent corpus luteum -Deficient corpus luteum -Persistent trophoblast -Deficient trophoblast Answer: A: Persistent corpus luteum "," Halban's disease is due to? A. Persistent corpus luteum B. Deficient corpus luteum C. Persistent trophoblast D. Deficient trophoblast Answer: A. Persistent corpus luteum " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In which phase of cell cycle, proof reading occurs? A)G1 B)S C)G2 D)M Answer:B- S EVENTS PHASE of cell cycle Proofreading S phase Most repairs G1 phase Mismatch repair G2 phase "," In which phase of cell cycle, proof reading occurs? A. G1 B. S C. G2 D. M Answer: B. S " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: In acute inflammation the tissue response consists of all except? Vasodilation Exudation Neutrophilic response Granuloma formation Answer: d "," In acute inflammation the tissue response consists of all except? A. Vasodilation B. Exudation C. Neutrophilic response D. Granuloma formation Answer: D. Granuloma formation " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A group of expes discussing a topic in front of the audience without any specific order. This mode of communication is known as: September 2008? A)Panel discussion B)Group discussion C)Team presentation D)Symposium Answer:A, Panel discussion "," A group of expes discussing a topic in front of the audience without any specific order. This mode of communication is known as: September 2008? A. Panel discussion B. Group discussion C. Team presentation D. Symposium Answer: A. Panel discussion " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: According to recent SC judgment, doctor can be charged for medical negligence under 304-A, only if: AIIMS 12? A.He is from corporate hospital B.Negligence is from inadveent error C.Simple negligence D.Gross negligence Answer:D. Gross negligence Ans. Gross negligence "," According to recent SC judgment, doctor can be charged for medical negligence under 304-A, only if: AIIMS 12? A. He is from corporate hospital B. Negligence is from inadveent error C. Simple negligence D. Gross negligence Answer: D. Gross negligence " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: A 3-day-old newborn was born with ectopia cordis. Despite the efforts of doctors at the pediatric intensive care unit the infant died from cardiac failure and hypoxemia. Which of the following embryologic events is most likely responsible for the development of such conditions? a,Faulty development of the sternum and pericardium, secondary to incomplete fusion of the lateral folds bInterruption of third pharyngeal arch development,c.Interruption of fourth pharyngeal arch development,d. Interruption of fifth pharyngeal arch development Answer: a, Faulty development of the sternum and pericardium, secondary to incomplete fusion of the lateral folds "," A 3-day-old newborn was born with ectopia cordis. Despite the efforts of doctors at the pediatric intensive care unit the infant died from cardiac failure and hypoxemia. Which of the following embryologic events is most likely responsible for the development of such conditions? A. Faulty development of the sternum and pericardium, secondary to incomplete fusion of the lateral folds B. Interruption of third pharyngeal arch development C. Interruption of fourth pharyngeal arch development D. Interruption of fifth pharyngeal arch development Answer: A. Faulty development of the sternum and pericardium, secondary to incomplete fusion of the lateral folds " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Submandibular gland is crossed by which nerve? 1 Lingual 2 Hypoglossal 3 Glossopharyngeal 4 Facial nerve Answer:4- Facial nerve "," Submandibular gland is crossed by which nerve? A. Lingual B. Hypoglossal C. Glossopharyngeal D. Facial nerve Answer: D. Facial nerve " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: About lidocaine, all are true except? LA effect Cardiac arrhythmia Ester Acts on mucous membranes Answer: C, Ester "," About lidocaine, all are true except? A. LA effect B. Cardiac arrhythmia C. Ester D. Acts on mucous membranes Answer: C. Ester " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Which is not primary amenorrhea? 1 Sheehan's syndrome 2 Kallmann's syndrome 3 Mayer Rokitansky Koster Hauser syndrome 4 Turner syndrome Answer:1- Sheehan's syndrome "," Which is not primary amenorrhea? A. Sheehan's syndrome B. Kallmann's syndrome C. Mayer Rokitansky Koster Hauser syndrome D. Turner syndrome Answer: A. Sheehan's syndrome " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Most specific test for organophosphorous poisoning is? 1 RBC cholinesterase level 2 Plasma cholinestrase level 3 RBC uroporphyrin level 4 Measurment of serum level of organophosphorous Answer:2- Plasma cholinestrase level "," Most specific test for organophosphorous poisoning is? A. RBC cholinesterase level B. Plasma cholinestrase level C. RBC uroporphyrin level D. Measurment of serum level of organophosphorous Answer: B. Plasma cholinestrase level " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -All are hypercoagulable states, except ? -Protein C resistance -Protein S deficiency -Antiphospholipid antibody - Answer: d "," All are hypercoagulable states, except ? A. Protein C resistance B. Protein S deficiency C. Antiphospholipid antibody D. Answer: D. " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: All are true about pathogenesis of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome, EXCEPT? a - Due to ovarian enlargement and fragility b - Increase in intravascular volume c - Role of VEGF and inflammatory cytokines d - Secondary to infeility treatment Answer: Increase in intravascular volume "," All are true about pathogenesis of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome, EXCEPT? A. Due to ovarian enlargement and fragility B. Increase in intravascular volume C. Role of VEGF and inflammatory cytokines D. Secondary to infeility treatment Answer: B. Increase in intravascular volume " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: -Surgery for periductal mastitis? -Hadfield's operation -Patey's mastectomy -Modified radical mastectomy -None of the above Answer: A: Hadfield's operation "," Surgery for periductal mastitis? A. Hadfield's operation B. Patey's mastectomy C. Modified radical mastectomy D. None of the above Answer: A. Hadfield's operation " "Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format. ### Question: Diabetic neuropathy is a? 1 Distal symmetric sensory polyneuropathy 2 Mononeuritis 3 Autonomic neuropathy 4 All of the above Answer:4- All of the above "," Diabetic neuropathy is a? A. Distal symmetric sensory polyneuropathy B. Mononeuritis C. Autonomic neuropathy D. All of the above Answer: D. All of the above "