commercial tracking software often secretly records where users go on the internet. if businesses don ' t set their own clear, simple privacy standards, government may need to step in with a ' do not track ' option. the ease and speed with which people can share information over the internet is perhaps the marvel of this era. the way they live and work is changing rapidly, posing new opportunities and new hazards. one area undergoing massive change is personal privacy. fluid exchanges of information mean that more knowledge about people ’ s lives can be shared than they realize or desire. facebook and google are two web giants that have recently faced criticism for playing fast and loose with information about their users. a significant number of apps – small software applications that users download onto their iphones or other smart phones – have been shown to be surreptitiously collecting information on their users, such as the person ’ s location or their list of contacts. meanwhile, the united arab emirates and saudi arabia say they will curtail the use of blackberry phones for the opposite reason – their texts and e - mails are encrypted and difficult to intercept and decipher. the uae claims this privacy feature is a threat to its national security. the development of computerized data banks – such as those storing credit - card information, medical records, or store “ loyalty card ” buying habits – continues to erode personal privacy. page 1 of 4


see also the browse high school calculus stars indicate particularly interesting answers or good places to begin browsing. selected answers to common questions : maximizing the volume of a box. maximizing the volume of a cylinder. volume of a tank. what is a derivative? - deriving simpson ' s rule [ 06 / 07 / 1998 ] can you show me a derivation of simpson ' s rule? - deriving the area of a sphere [ 10 / 21 / 2003 ] i know the area of a sphere is 4phi ( r ^ 2 ), but i ' m wondering how to derive that formula. i know it should be done in cylindrical coordinates, and i ' m thinking that the arc of a circle is defined as rd ( theta ) and it ' s multiplied with rd ( phi ) to get ( r ^ 2 ) d ( theta ) d ( phi ). could you please help explain this? - deriving the gamma function [ 12 / 15 / 2000 ] how can you prove that sqrt ( pi ) / 2 = ( 1 / 2 )!, and what is a fractional factorial like that equal to? - deriving the integral for the surface area of a sphere [ 06 / 28 / 2001 ] i need to find the cost per square foot of steel that makes up a tank, so i need a way to derive the surface area of part of a sphere with a given - deriving the quotient rule [ 9 / 5 / 1995 ] how do i prove this derivation : ( f / g ) ' = fg ' - fg ' / g ^ 2? - deriving trig functions ; taylor series [ 05 / 01 / 2001 ] how would i find, from first principles - no tables, no calculator - for example, 32 degrees? if i use a formula, how is it derived? - descartes ' method for tangents [ 09 / 02 / 1998 ] can you help me find the equation of the tangent of y ^ 2 = 2x using - design a more efficient soda can [ 4 / 23 / 1995 ] the problem is to design a more efficient soda can that holds the regular 12 oz. of liquid. the can needs to have the least possible surface area. - determining tangent to an ellipse, minimizing area [ 02 / 20 / 1998 ] find the equation of the tangent to the ellipse that forms, with the coordinate axes, the triangle of smallest possible area. - determining the length of a coil of ribbon [ 08 / 31 /


is disintegrating at time ' t ' days after it was first observed to have mass 10 grams and : ( dm / dt ) = - km ( where k is a positive constant ). find the time, in days, for the substance to reduce to 1 gram in mass, given that its half life is 8 days. - differentiating under the integral sign [ 01 / 11 / 2001 ] can you give me an example of the integration method called " differentiating under the integral sign "? - differentiating y with respect to... y? [ 11 / 05 / 2010 ] a student familiar with differentiation struggles to take the derivative of a function with respect to the self - same variable. doctor ali puts the student back on track with a - differentiating y = x ^ x [ 11 / 3 / 1994 ] please could you differentiate y = x ^ x ( that ' s x to the power of x )? - differentiation problem [ 11 / 15 / 1997 ] a light shines from the top of a pole 50 ft. high. a ball is dropped from the same height at a point 30 ft. away from the light... - distance from a point to a plane [ 03 / 31 / 1998 ] can you show me the proof of the formula for the distance between a point and a plane? - distance to the sun [ 04 / 16 / 1999 ] find the distance from earth to the sun when t = 90 days... - does f have a local extrema at x = 0? [ 07 / 10 / 2003 ] f ( x ) = ( x ^ 3 ) / 6 + ( x ^ 2 ) / 2 + cosx - 1. does f have a local extremum at x - domain, asymptotes, intercepts of a function [ 04 / 01 / 2003 ] what is the domain of this function? what asymptotes does it have? what are the x and y intercepts? etc... - domain / range of a function [ 01 / 22 / 1997 ] how do you find the domain and range of the function f ( x ) = 2x ^ 2 - 3x + 1? ( both with and without calculus. ) - dominant terms [ 03 / 25 / 1998 ] what are dominant terms, and how do you obtain their values? - donkey grazing half a field [ 08 / 08 / 1997 ] a donkey is attached by a rope to a point on the perimeter of a circular field. how long should


/ 1998 ] what are dominant terms, and how do you obtain their values? - donkey grazing half a field [ 08 / 08 / 1997 ] a donkey is attached by a rope to a point on the perimeter of a circular field. how long should the rope be so that the donkey can graze exactly half the field? - double integration in polar coordinates [ 03 / 27 / 2003 ] evaluate double integral x - y / x * 2 + y * 2 over x * 2 + y * 2 equal to or less - e as a series and a limit [ 03 / 30 / 1998 ] why does e = 1 + 1 / 2! + 1 / 3! + 1 / 4! +... and lim ( 1 + 1 / n ) ^ n, as n - - - an easy definition of calculus [ 9 / 4 / 1995 ] what is calculus? - e ^ ( e ^ x ) = 2 [ 01 / 28 / 2002 ] i have been trying to solve e ^ ( e ^ x ) = 2. help! - an ellipse or a circle? - parametric equations [ 12 / 05 / 1998 ] is this parametric equation elliptical or a circle?... and how do i compute the slopes at points 0, pi / 4, pi / 2, 3pi / 2, and 2pi? - an elliptic integral [ 01 / 05 / 2003 ] - epsilon / delta definition of limits [ 08 / 26 / 1999 ] can you explain how to use the epsilon / delta definition of limits? - epsilon - delta proofs [ 09 / 28 / 2004 ] an explanation of the thinking behind two epsilon - delta proofs, one from a calculus textbook and one from an answer in our archives.


previously known as manic - depressive disease, bipolar disorder is a relatively common mental health condition manifested in its classic form by alternating periods of mania — extreme high energy — and deep depression. in the " up " or manic phase, people may sleep little, talk fast, develop grand and unworkable plans, and sometimes behave bizarrely — for example, giving away all their money overnight. in the " down " phase, they may contemplate suicide. in many people with this disorder, the " down " phase predominates, and for that reason, the diagnosis may be missed. other, more subtle versions of the condition also exist. bipolar disorder is dangerous unless treated, leading to a high rate of suicide and injury. the mineral has been shown to dramatically improve symptoms of mania and reduce the rate of suicide. various antiseizure medications also appear to help against mania. proposed natural treatments for bipolar disorder : there are no natural treatments that can substitute for medications in the treatment of bipolar disorder. however, some might help enhance the effectiveness of standard treatment. study, 30 people with bipolar disorder took either capsules or placebo for 4 months, in addition to their regular medications. those taking fish oil had longer symptom - free periods than those taking placebo. the researchers used five different standardized tests to measure symptoms, examining levels of depression, mania, and overall progress. the people taking fish oil proved emotionally healthier than those taking placebo on all but one of these tests. another study found that ethyl - epa ( a modified form of a constituent of fish oil ) was helpful along with standard treatment for the depressed phase of bipolar disorder. however, ethyl - epa does not appear to offer benefits for rapid cycling bipolar disorder. researchers pooling the results of 10 randomized trials involving 329 patients found that omega - 3 fatty acids ( found in fish oil ) improved depressive symptoms in patient with either bipolar disorder or major depression compared to placebo. in a subsequent systematic review, researchers pooled the results of 5 trials involving 291 patients with bipolar disorder only and found that those in the omega - 3 group experienced a modest improvement in their symptoms of depression ( but not of mania ) compared to placebo. the same researchers who conducted the fish oil study have also experimented with for bipolar disorder. flaxseed oil contains alpha - linoleic acid ( ala ), an omega - 3 fatty acid related to the fatty acids in fish oil. in the researchers ' informal observations of 22 people with bipolar disorder, all but


hybrid vehicles keep getting bigger : first there were tiny experimental cars, then hybrid suvs began to appear on the road. and now some of delta ’ s next - generation boeing 737 aircraft ( like the one pictured above ) will be equipped with wheeltug hybrid motors for taxiing on the ground. these motors will improve efficiency and safety while planes maneuver around the tarmac, reducing fuel use and maintenance requirements. a substantial amount of a typical airliner ’ s fuel usage and engine wear occurs while the plane is still on the ground. its jet engines are used to propel it to and from runways, and it requires towing vehicles for precise positioning at the gate. using the wheeltug system, however, an aircraft can propel itself forward or backward via a pair of chorus meshcon electric motors that drive the front wheels. electric power comes from the plane ’ s existing auxiliary power unit, which is a much smaller gas - powered unit and requires much less fuel than the primary engines. the wheeltug system requires no modifications to the airframe aside from additional wiring, and the joystick steering control doesn ’ t interfere with existing cockpit designs. the manufacturer estimates that a wheeltug - equipped 737 aircraft could save nearly 100, 000 gallons of fuel per year, while avoiding the safety and maintenance concerns of jet engine use on the ground. and as airports become busier and more crowded, the system could speed turn - around times by eliminating the need for tug vehicles to position planes at their gates. ( via wheeltug plc )


| we seem to form our picture of reality based on a pattern matching algorithm. it doesn ' t really matter if you consider that a function of neurology or as a deeper metaphysical principle, the result it about the same. if " enough " pieces of a reality are assembled and they are recognizable and familiar to us, we assume that the remaining details are probably also in place and that we ' re dealing with a " real " reality. it is perfectly possible to fool people into accepting a scenario as reality that really isn ' t, if you put enough familiar elements into place. most candid camera episodes are built on that kind of principle. an environment is set up so that it looks like you ' ve been hired for a new job, and there ' s a real office and other employees and everything. and then a surprise element is thrown in, like the arrival of a stripping telegram, or the need to handle some impossible problem, like your desk falling apart. and the " employee " accepts it as real, because everything else looked right. or how about experiments that were done where a comedian managed to get up in front of a medical convention and give a speech in complete giberish without anybody noticing. because he looked right, and sounded right, and even though the attendees where highly educated m. d. s they were also used to not having to understand all the details of what everybody was saying, and they were used to displaying a certain respect towards their peers. the emperor ' s new clothes. we ' re all trying to act normal, unwilling to admit we don ' t understand everything. conversely, we can also create an invisible reality, if it is constructed of elements that are so unfamiliar and unexpected that we just can ' t see it. a stage magician is usually quite adept at that. you don ' t see what he ' s really doing because you ' re not attuned to the patterns he ' s using. it is said that when captain cook ' s ship first approached the island of tahiti in the south pacific, the inhabitants could literally not see it coming. even when cook and his crew got out and pointed out their ship to the tahitians, and explained how they arrived, the natives couldn ' t see the ship at first. because it was totally unfamiliar and they didn ' t have any belief that included the possibility that somebody could arrive from the ocean in a large sailing vessel. in our modern society we tend to walk around believing that we ' re very rational and observant and we ' ve


unfamiliar and they didn ' t have any belief that included the possibility that somebody could arrive from the ocean in a large sailing vessel. in our modern society we tend to walk around believing that we ' re very rational and observant and we ' ve got a pretty good grip on what is reality. science tends to create that picture. but yet, science, however useful it is, is just a systematic way of agreeing on what a certain reality is, and how to get predictable results with it, and it tends to stay within the boundaries of those codified agreements, often ignoring anything that doesn ' t fit. science only very cautiously and gradually will expand that area. if you master these principles, and you have sufficient resources at your disposal, it is entirely possible to both create fake realities that large numbers of people will accept as the truth, as well as to create realities that are invisible to the general population. think for example of a black project that has access to sufficiently advanced principles and technologies that have been kept out of the public knowledge, out of scientific text books, and out out of the educational system. say, teleportation or time travel. you don ' t even have to worry much about leaks, because they will pretty much be self - healing. if somebody puts out a story about secret time travel experiments, it is very easy to ridicule them, and you don ' t even have to do it yourself, as there will be plenty of respectable scientists and good citizens who ' ll stand up and say that it of course is impossible and complete nonsense. somebody could even write a book with all the details and you could pick it up in the ufo section of your local bookstore, but it wouldn ' t sink into the public awareness as anything real. you can keep very big things very secret if you just make sure that enough of the components and participants are far enough removed from what is normal and expected, and the facts are generally so hard to get to, and so hard to piece together, that the whole thing becomes invisible to most people. single secrets hidden by known people can fairly easily be discovered. but complex secrets, put together from many individually incredible elements, those are much harder to bring to the light. conversely, you can make fake stories appear very real and accepted if you just make sure that you provide enough components of normal reality. like, pictures, sound, stories, information, and lots of it, and repetitive delivery of it. and that the people presenting it look like the right kind of people to do so


you just make sure that you provide enough components of normal reality. like, pictures, sound, stories, information, and lots of it, and repetitive delivery of it. and that the people presenting it look like the right kind of people to do so. reporters, scientists, government officials, etc. i ' m not really even talking about conspiracy theory particularly. a bigger view than that. conspiracies are usually imagined as something the known and accepted players are doing when you aren ' t looking. like, does george bush and tom brokaw and kenneth lay and everybody else you see on the news have secret meetings where they plan out how they ' ll fool everybody? well, maybe they do, but that ' s probably not where it is really at. whatever specific things they do will quite likely come to light sooner or later and would be too hard to hide. what matters is not what they did, but what reality we end up accepting, and which realities we ' ll ignore. the real secret stuff would probably be going on in places you don ' t even know to look at, and would be done by people you ' ve never heard of. and the people you are looking at on the news are quite likely thinking they ' re just doing the best they can with what ' s available to them. because they probably live in a manufactured reality as well. [ patterns | 2003 - 10 - 22 05 : 15 | | permalink ] more >


##meter - peak surfaces showed a 15 - percent decrease in the production of a protein ( vegf ) upon which endothelial breast - cancer cells depend, compared to an implant surface with no surface modification. the 23 - nanometer surface showed greater reduction in vegf concentration when compared to the 300 - nanometer and 400 - nanometer - modified implants as well. while it is unclear why the 23 - nanoneter surface appears to work best at deterring breast - cancer cells, webster thinks it may have to do something with the stiffness of malignant breast cells. when they come into contact with the bumpy surface, they are unable to fully wrap themselves around the rounded contours, depriving them of the ability to ingest the life - sustaining nutrients that permeate the surface. he likened the peak - covered surface to a bed - of - nails to cancer cells. the researchers hypothesize that even smaller surface peaks would work better at repelling cancer cells. somewhat to their surprise, webster and zhang found that that the 23 - nanometer semispherical surface yielded 15 percent more healthy endothelial breast cells compared to normal surface after one day of lab tests. this work is detailed in a paper titled, " poly - lactic - glycolic acid surface nanotopographies selectively decrease breast adenocarcinoma cell functions. " an abstract of this paper is available at the journal ' s website.


subsequent smaller folds would include the assumptions associated with the theory. the finished object might resemble a silhouette of two people connected to one another, alluding to the ongoing nurse and client interaction required for deliberative care to effectively take place. dynamic nurse - patient relationship know the theorist distinguish the theory “ nurse, can you give me my morphine, ” cried out mrs. so. “ can you tell how painful it is using the 0 ‐ 10 pain scale, where 0 being not painful and 10 being severely painful? ” replied the nurse. “ ummm... i think it ’ s about 7. can i have my morphine now? ” “ mrs. so, i think something is bothering you besides your pain. am i correct? ” mrs. so cried and said, “ i can ’ t help it. i ’ m so worried about my 3 boys. i ’ m not sure how they are or who ’ s been taking care of them. they ’ re still so young to be left alone. my husband is in yemen right now and he won ’ t be back until next month. ” “ why don ’ t we make a phone call to your house so you could check out on your boys? ” mrs. so phoned his sons. “ thank you nurse. i don ’ t think i still need that morphine. my boys are fine. our neighbour, mrs. yee, she ’ s watching over my boys right now. ” the focus of orlando ’ s paradigm hubs the context of a dynamic nurse - patient phenomenon constructively realized through highlighting the key concepts such as : patient behavior, nurse reaction, nurse action. 1. the nursing process is set in motion by the patient behavior. all patient behavior, verbal ( a patient ’ s use of language ) or non - verbal ( includes physiological symptoms, motor activity, and nonverbal communication ), no matter how insignificant, must be considered an expression of a need for help and needs to be validated. if a patient ’ s behavior does not effectively assessed by the nurse then a major problem in giving care would rise leading to a nurse - patient relationship failure. overtime. the more it is difficult to establish rapport to the patient once behavior is not determined. communicating effectively is vital to achieve patient ’ s cooperation in achieving health. remember : when a patient has a need for help that cannot be resolved without the help of another, helplessness results 2. the patient behavior stimulates a nurse reaction. in this part, the beginning of the nurse -


s cooperation in achieving health. remember : when a patient has a need for help that cannot be resolved without the help of another, helplessness results 2. the patient behavior stimulates a nurse reaction. in this part, the beginning of the nurse - patient relationship takes place. it is important to correctly evaluate the behavior of the patient using the nurse reactions steps to achieve positive feedback response from the patient. the steps are as follows : the nurse perceives behavior through any of the senses - > the perception leads to automatic thought - > the thought produces an automatic feeling - > the nurse shares reactions with the patient to ascertain whether perceptions are accurate or inaccurate - > the nurse consciously deliberates about personal reactions and patient input in order to produce professional deliberative actions based on mindful assessment rather than automatic reactions. remember : exploration with the patient helps validate the patient ’ s behavior. 3. critically considering one or two ways in implementing nurse action. when providing care, nursing action can be done either automatic or deliberative. automatic reactions stem from nursing behaviors that are performed to satisfy a directive other than the patient ’ s need for help. for example, the nurse who gives a sleeping pill to a patient every evening because it is ordered by the physician, without first discussing the need for the medication with the patient, is engaging in automatic, non - deliberative behavior. this is because the reason for giving the pill has more to do with following medical orders ( automatically ) than with the patient ’ s immediate expressed need for help. deliberative reaction is a “ disciplined professional response ” it can be argued that all nursing actions are meant to help the client and should be considered deliberative. however, correct identification of actions from the nurse ’ s assessment should be determined to achieve reciprocal help between nurse and patient ’ s health. the following criterias should be considered. - deliberative actions result from the correct identification of patient needs by validation of the nurses ’ s reaction to patient behavior. - the nurse explores the meaning of the action with the patient and its relevance to meeting his need. - the nurse validates the action ’ s effectiveness immediately after compelling it. - the nurse is free of stimuli unrelated to the patient ’ s need ( when action is taken ). remember : for an action to have been truly deliberative, it must undergo reflective evaluation to determine if the action helped the client by addressing the need as determined by the nurse and the client in the immediate situation. learn more about the theorymetaparadigm concepts


action to have been truly deliberative, it must undergo reflective evaluation to determine if the action helped the client by addressing the need as determined by the nurse and the client in the immediate situation. learn more about the theorymetaparadigm concepts human / person an individual in need. unique individual behaving verbally or nonverbally. assumption is that individuals are at times able to meet their own needs and at other times unable to do so. health assumption is that being without emotional or physical discomfort and having a sense of well - being contribute to a healthy state. she further assumed that freedom from mental or physical discomfort and feelings of adequacy and well being contribute to health. she also noted that repeated experiences of having been helped undoubtedly culminate over periods of time in greater degrees of improvement environment orlando assumes it as a nursing situation that occurs when there is a nurse - patient contact and that both nurse and patient perceive, think, feel and act in the immediate situation. any aspect of the environment, even though its designed for therapeutic and helpful purposes, can cause the patient to become distressed. she stressed out that when a nurse observes a patient behavior, it should be perceived as a signal of distress. nursing a distinct profession " providing direct assistance to individuals in whatever setting they are found for he purpose of avoiding, relieving, diminishing, or curing the individual ' s sense of helplessness " ( orlando, 1972, p. 22 ). professional nursing is conceptualized as finding out and meeting the client ’ s immediate need for help. cite the applications of the theory in nursing research in nursing education - in a veterans administration ( va ) ambulatory psychiatric practice in providence, rishea, mcbride, gavin, and bauer ( 1987 ) used ’ s theoretical model with patients having a bipolar disorder. their research results indicate that there were : higher patient retention, reduction of emergency services, decreased hospital stay, and increased satisfaction. they recommended its use throughout the va system. currently orlando ’ s model is being used in a multi - million dollar research study of patients with a bipolar disorder at 12 sites in the va system ( mcbride, telephone interview, july, 2000 ). mcbride and colleagues continue its use in practice and research at the orlando veteran administration hospitalin. providence, ri - in a pilot study, potter and bockenhauer ( 2000 ) found positive results after implementing ’ s theory. these included : positive, patient - centered outcomes, a model for staff to use to approach patients, and a decrease


providence, ri - in a pilot study, potter and bockenhauer ( 2000 ) found positive results after implementing ’ s theory. these included : positive, patient - centered outcomes, a model for staff to use to approach patients, and a decrease in patient ’ s immediate distress. the study provides variable measurements that might be used in other research studies. orlando in nursing practice ' s theory has a continuing influence on nursing education. through e - mail communication it was found that the orlando midwestern state universi tyin wichita falls, texas, is using ' s theory for teaching entering nursing students. according to greene ( e - mail communication, june, 2000 ) she became aware, when taking a doctoral course about nursing theories, that it was orlando theory used by its school. orlando - through networking the author found that for over 10 years south dakota state university in brookings, sd has been using haggerty ’ s ( 1985 ) description of the communication based on orlando ’ s theory for entering nursing students as well as re - enforcing it in their junior year ( e - mail communication, ( j. fjelland, june, 2000 ). joyce fjelland, ms, rn. after working with schmieding at boston city hospital, lois haggerty used orlando ’ s theory in her teaching of students and in conducting a research study of students ’ responses to distressed patients at boston collegein. chestnut hill, massachusetts from an icu nurse : “ patients have an initial ability to communicate their need for help ”. consider a case of an immediate post coronary artery bypass graft ( cabg ) patient. once relieved from the effects of anesthetic sedation, though intubated, you would realize his excruciating retort from the sternotomy incisional pain through implicit cues. morphine sulfate 1 to 2 mg to be given via slow iv push every 1 to 2 hours or ketorolac 15 mg iv every 6 hours is the typical pro re nata ( prn ) order of a cardiac intensivist to relieve the client from pain. automatic response of a nurse is to calm the client and encourage relaxation through deep breathing while splinting the chest with a pillow. being deliberate in your actions include knowing the pharmacokinetics of an ordered drug in relation to the client ’ s physiologic standing. if the creatinine level were elevated, would you administer ketorolac? if the client is on respiratory precaution, would you administer mor


of an ordered drug in relation to the client ’ s physiologic standing. if the creatinine level were elevated, would you administer ketorolac? if the client is on respiratory precaution, would you administer morphine? you would ask yourself, what other alternatives do i have to ease my client from pain? “ the client ’ s behavior is meaningful ”. if such “ need ” would be fittingly dealt with, the intervention is thriving. “ when patient ’ s needs are not met, they become distressed. ” analyze the theory a relative of a patient at the emergency room went to the nurse ’ s station and began complaining in a loud shouting voice that their patient being a charity case is not being given the same quality of care as that of the other patients who are under private consultants. he claimed that their patient who was hyperventilating and was complanining of difficulty of breathing due to neurocirculatory astheinia was just forced to sit in the cubicle, while the rich - looking patient was a gomey. how will you handle this kind of situation and avoid conflict? how can ’ s dynamic nurse - patient interaction theory be utilized in this type of situation? orlando this group blog is submitted to ms. sheila bonito, fic, in partial fulfillment of the requirements in n207. manager : aux lizares editor : maria mae juanich katrina anne limos ginno paulo maglaya diana jasmin lee acknowledgmentwe would like to acknowledge the following people : ma ’ am shiela bonito, for coming up with this group work which really challenged not only our knowledge, understanding and creativity but also our ability to stay connected despite the distance, ms. aux lizares, for diligently sorting out the articles, ms. maria mae juanich, for organizing the articles into a working blog, and for ms. katrina anne limos, mr. gino paulo maglaya, and ms. diana jasmin lee, for tirelessly contributing their thoughts, ideas, and resources. without all of you, this blog would have never been possible. thank you very much!!! let us learn together. have we done justice to ida j. orlando in presenting her theory this way? we would like to invite you to share with us your thoughts, feelings, comments or reactions on our blog entitled, “ understanding ida jean orlando - pelletier ’ sdynamic nurse - patient relationship. ” thank you for your participation


this way? we would like to invite you to share with us your thoughts, feelings, comments or reactions on our blog entitled, “ understanding ida jean orlando - pelletier ’ sdynamic nurse - patient relationship. ” thank you for your participation! regards, i. j. ( 1972 ). the discipline and teaching of nursing process : an evaluative study. : g. p. putnam. new york george, j. b. ( 2002 ). nursing process discipline : ida jean orlando. in george, j. b. ( ed. ). nursing theories : the base for professional nursing practice ( 5th ed. ). : prentice hall, pp. 189 - 208. upper saddle river, new jersey ( 2002 ). ida jean orlando ( pelletier ) : nursing process theory. in tomey, a. m., & alligood, m. r.. nurse theorists and their work ( 5th ed. ). st. louis : mosby, pp. 399 - 417. schmieding, n. j. orlando, i. j. ( 1961 ). the dynamic nurse - patient relationship, function, process and principles. new york : g. p. putnam. ] haggerty, l. a. ( 1985 ). a theoretical model for developing students ’ communication skills. journal of nursing education, 24 ( 7 ), 296 - 298. haggerty, l. a. ( 1987 ). an analysis of senior nursing students ’ immediate responses to distressed patients.. journal of advanced nursing, 12, 451 - 461. nancy m. shea, linda mcbride, christopher gavin, and mark bauer bauer, m. s. ( 2001 ). the collaborative practice model for bipolar disorder - design and implementation in a multisite randomized controlled trial. bipolar disorders 3 ( 5 ), 233 - 244. bauer, m. s., & mcbride, l. ( 2002 ). structured group psychotherapy for bipolar disorder ( 2nd ed ). new york : springer publishing co. shea, n. m., mcbride, l. gavin, c., & bauer, m. ( 1997 ). the effects of ambulatory collaboration practice model on process and outcome of care for bipolar disorder. journal of the american psychiatric nurses association 3 ( 2 ), 49 - 57. mertie. l. potter, nd, arnp, cs and barbara jo bockenhauer, ms, rnc potter, m. l. & bockenhauer, b.


is concept attainment? attainment is an indirect instructional strategy that uses a structured inquiry process. it is based on the work of jerome bruner. in concept attainment, students figure out the attributes of a group or category that has already been formed by the teacher. to do so, students compare and contrast examples that contain the attributes of the concept with examples that do not contain those attributes. they then separate them into two groups. concept attainment, then, is the search for and identification of attributes that can be used to distinguish examples of a given group or category from non - examples. is its purpose? attainment is designed to clarify ideas and to introduce aspects of content. it engages students into formulating a concept through the use of illustrations, word cards or specimens called examples. students who catch onto the idea before others are able to resolve the concept and then are invited to suggest their own examples, while other students are still trying to form the concept. for this reason, concept attainment is well suited to classroom use because all thinking abilities can be challenged throughout the activity. with experience, children become skilled at identifying relationships in the word cards or specimens. with carefully chosen examples, it is possible to use concept attainment to teach almost any concept in all subjects. make connections between what students know and what they will how to examine a concept from a number of perspectives how to sort out relevant information their knowledge of a concept by classifying more than one example of that concept go beyond merely associating a key term with a definition concept is learned more thoroughly and retention is improved do i do it? of concept attainment : and define a concept positive and negative examples the process to the students the examples and list the attributes a concept definition the process with the class the teacher chooses a concept to developed. ( i. e. math facts that by making list of both positive " yes " and negative " no " examples : the examples are put onto sheets of paper or examples : ( positive examples contain attributes of the concept to be taught ) i. e. 5 + 5, 11 - 1, 10x1, 3 + 4 + 4, 12 - 2, 15 - 5, ( 4x2 ) + 2, examples : ( for examples choose facts that do not have 10 as the answer ) i. e. 6 + 6, 3 + 3, 12 - 4, 3x3, 4x4, 16 - 5, 6x2, 3 + 4 + 6, 2 + ( 2x3 ), one area


answer ) i. e. 6 + 6, 3 + 3, 12 - 4, 3x3, 4x4, 16 - 5, 6x2, 3 + 4 + 6, 2 + ( 2x3 ), one area of the chalkboard for the positive examples and one area for negative examples. a chart could be set up at the front of the room with two columns - one marked yes and the other marked the first card by saying, " this is a yes. " place it under the appropriate column. i. e. 5 + 5 is a yes the next card and say, " this is a no. " place it under the no column. i. e. 6 + 6 is a no this process until there are three examples under each column. the class to look at the three examples under the yes column and discuss how they are alike. ( i. e. 5 + 5, 11 - 1, 2x5 ) ask " what do they have in common? " the next tree examples under each column, ask the students to decide if the examples go under yes or no. this point, there are 6 examples under each column. several students will have identified the concept but it is important that they not tell it out loud to the class. they can however show that they have caught on by giving an example of their own for each column. at this point, the examples are student - generated. ask the class if anyone else has the concept in mind. students who have not yet defined the concept are still busy trying to see the similarities of the yes examples. place at least three more examples under each column that are student - generated. the process with the class. once most students have caught on, they can define the concept. once they have pointed out that everything under the yes column has an answer of 10, then print a new heading at the top of the column ( 10 facts ). the print a new heading for the no column ( not 10 facts ). can i adapt it? activity can be done on the chalkboard, chart paper or overhead projector to a large or small group. it also works well as one - on - one work. rather than starting with the teacher ' s concept, use a student ' s concept. concept attainment can be used to introduce or conclude a unit of study. on the concept attainment model all of the positive examples to the students at once and have them determine the essential attributes. all of the positive and negative examples to the students without


in heterosexual conflicts but females supported each other irrespective of preferences for genital rubbing. the frequency of genital rubbing did not vary in dependence of the degree of genital swelling and the solicitation of genital rubbing was not asymmetric in dependence of the relative degree of swelling of the two partners. the degree of tumescence did not influence the frequency of received or overall aggression for a female. although most female dyads were involved in same - sex conflicts, genital rubbing was observed in less than half of the dyads after the conflict. no increase of gg rubbing occurred 15 minutes after a conflict compared to 15 minutes before. high - ranking females took the male position during genital rubbing significantly more often than low ranking ones. the direction of initiation of genital rubbing was not influenced by social status. the data do no support the hypothesis that genial rubbing serves to form or maintain alliances, to reduce competition among females or to reconcile former opponents. however, genital rubbing may be a display of social status or may serve to reduce tension. finally, the correlation of physiological parameters and social status in female bonobos was studied. i investigated whether females differ in their excretion pattern of the glucocorticoid 11 - ketoetiocholanolone ( doa ) in dependence of their social status. based on displacements, females were categorised to either high or low social status. during the feeding experiments carried out on one group, high social status transferred in access to monopolisable food, the low ranking female was not successful in monopolising the food item. however, female social status was not reflected in the faecal excretion pattern of glucocorticoid metabolites in any of the three groups analysed. in two groups the high - ranking individuals had higher levels of idoa than low - ranking individuals, in the other group it was vice versa. the fourth group did not allow this investigation as the high ranking individual was pregnant and pregnancy was found to result in elevated glucocorticoid levels. the results indicate that also in bonobo females, high social status translates into better access to monopolizable resources. status dependent differences in cortisol excretion may not exist in bonobos or may become obvious only during periods of social instability. alternatively, social status may not influence adrenocortical function but other physiological parameters of the so - called stress axes. taken together, this study provides an interdisciplinary view on bono


( physorg. com ) - - ' fossil viruses ' preserved inside the dna of mammals and insects suggest that all viruses, including relatives of hiv and ebola, could potentially be stowaways transmitted from generation to generation for millions of years, according to new research. a team from oxford university and the aaron diamond aids research center built on earlier work at oxford that discovered the fossilised remains of an ancient hiv - like virus in the genomes of animals including sloths, lemurs and rabbits. the teams new research, reported in this weeks plos genetics, shows that many more different types of viruses are endogenous capable of being transmitted from generation to generation with fossil viruses turning up in the genomes of creatures as different as mosquitoes, wallabies, and humans. many of these viruses, such as the ancestors of ebola, are far more ancient and spread across many more animal groups than anyone ever suspected, said dr aris katzourakis of oxford universitys department of zoology, an author of the report. weve demonstrated that viruses have been integrating within animal genomes for at least 100 million years. weve also shown that, in some cases, viral genes have been domesticated by their hosts, and put to use by the hosts for their own purposes, demonstrating that captured viral sequences may have played a larger than expected role in animal evolution. understanding the historical conflict between viruses and animal immune systems could lead to new approaches to combating existing viruses such as hiv and ebola. it could also help scientists to decide which viruses that cross species are likely to cause dangerous pandemics in the future. these viruses represent the tip of the iceberg of endogenous viral diversity, said dr katzourakis. we have discovered a large and diverse set of virus sequences preserved in animal genomes, which together include representatives of all known viral groups. this demonstrates a potential for endogenisation for any virus, and illustrates that viral fossil records may be uncovered for many elusive viral groups. explore further : new formula invented for microscope viewing, substitutes for federally controlled drug


( phys. org ) — controlling " mixing " between acceptor and donor layers, or domains, in polymer - based solar cells could increase their efficiency, according to a team of researchers that included physicists from north carolina state university. their findings shed light on the inner workings of these solar cells, and could lead to further improvements in efficiency. polymer - based solar cells consist of two domains, known as the acceptor and the donor layers. excitons, the energy particles created by solar cells, must be able to travel quickly to the interface of the donor and acceptor domains in order to be harnessed as an energy source. researchers had believed that keeping the donor and acceptor layers as pure as possible was the best way to ensure that the excitons could travel unimpeded, so that solar cells could capture the maximum amount of energy. nc state physicist harald ade and his group worked with teams of scientists from the united kingdom, australia and china to examine the physical structure and improve the production of polymer - based solar cells. in findings published in two separate papers appearing this month online in advanced energy materials and advanced materials, the researchers show that some mixing of the two domains may not be a bad thing. in fact, if the morphology, or structure, of the mixed domains is small, the solar cell can still be quite efficient. according to ade, " we had previously found that the domains in these solar cells weren ' t pure. so we looked at how additives affected the production of these cells. when you manufacture the cell, the relative rate of evaporation of the solvents and additives determines how the active layer forms and the donor and acceptor mix. ideally, you want the solvent to evaporate slowly enough so that the materials have time to separate – otherwise the layers ' gum up ' and lower the cell ' s efficiency. we utilized an additive that slowed evaporation. this controlled the mixing and domain size of the active layer, and the portions that mixed were small. " the efficiency of those mixed layers was excellent, leading to speculation that perhaps some mixing of the donor and acceptor isn ' t a problem, as long as the domains are small. " we ' re looking for the perfect mix here, both in terms of the solvents and additives we might use in order to manufacture polymer - based solar cells, and in terms of the physical mixing of the domains and how that may affect efficiency, " ade says. explore further : femtosecond '


the solvents and additives we might use in order to manufacture polymer - based solar cells, and in terms of the physical mixing of the domains and how that may affect efficiency, " ade says. explore further : femtosecond ' snapshots ' reveal a dramatic bond tightening in photo - excited gold complexes more information : " from binary to ternary solvent : morphology fine - tuning of d / a blend in pdpp3t - based polymer solar cells ", advanced materials, 2012. in the past decade, great success has been achieved in bulk hetero - junction ( bhj ) polymer solar cells ( pscs ) in which donor / acceptor ( d / a ) bi - continuous interpenetrating networks can be formed and in some recent reports, power conversion efficiency ( pce ) even approach 8 %. in addition to the intrinsic properties of active layer materials, such as band gaps and molecular energy levels, morphological properties of the d / a blends including crystallinity of polymers, domain size, materials miscibility, hierarchical structures, and molecular orientation, are also of great importance for photovoltaic performance of the devices. therefore, several strategies including slow growth, solvent annealing, thermal annealing, selection of solvent or mixed solvent have been applied to modify or control of the morphology of the d / a blends. among these, binary solvent mixtures have been successfully used in morphology control. for example, the dichlorobenzene ( dcb ) or chlorobenzene ( cb ) / 1, 8 - diiodooctane ( dio ) binary solvent system has been widely applied in psc device fabrication process. by mixing a few volume percent of dio with the host solvent ( dcb or cb ), efficiencies of many kinds of polymers can be improved dramatically. besides dio, other solvents, like 1, 8 - octanedithiol ( ot ), n - methyl - 2 - pyrrolidone ( nmp ), 1 - chloronaphthalene ( cn ), chloroform ( cf ), can also be used. according to these works, it can be concluded that crystallinity, as well as domain size in the blends can be tuned effectively by using binary solvent mixtures, and thus binary solvent mixtures play a very important role in high performance pscs.


newton ' s first law states that an object will keep doing what it is doing if left alone, in other words - the natural state of an object is static - unchanging - motion. newton ' s second law clarifies the first. acceleration, or any change in motion, is an unnatural state for an arbitrary object left to its laurels, however it is a state that clearly exists all around us. newton defines the " thing " that forces an object to change its state of being - a force. in this most rigorous sense, a force is defined to be that which causes a change in motion. the observation of a change in momentum necessitates that there is some force driving that change, so in this sense the two are equivalent ( there is an equals sign there after all ) - wherever you see a ( net ) force you will see an acceleration, wherever you see an acceleration you will find a force responsible for it. however, going back to the first law, acceleration is a change in the ( kinetic ) state of an object, an objects natural tendency is to statically maintain its state. the observation of an unnatural state of being would logically imply that there is a cause. intuitively it seems unnatural that accelerations would happen spontaneously and that the universe will invent a force just to balance the books if you will.


defects combine to make perfect devices jun 26, 2002 faulty components are usually rejected in the manufacture of computers and other high - tech devices. however, damien challet and neil johnson of oxford university say that this need not be the case. they have used statistical physics to show that the errors from defective electronic components or other imperfect objects can be combined to create near perfect devices ( d challet and n johnson 2002 phys. rev. lett. 89 028701 ). most computers are built to withstand the faults that develop in some of their components over the course of the computer ’ s lifetime, although these components initially contain no defects. however, many emerging nano - and microscale technologies will be inherently susceptible to defects. for example, no two quantum dots manufactured by self - assembly will be identical. each will contain a time - independent systematic defect compared to the original design. historically, sailors have had to cope with a similar problem – the inaccuracy in their clocks. to get round this they often took the average time of several clocks so that the errors in their clocks would more or less cancel out. similarly, challet and johnson consider a set of n components, each with a certain systematic error – for example the difference between the actual and registered current in a nanoscale transistor at a given applied voltage. they calculated the effect of combining the components and found that the best way to minimize the error is to select a well - chosen subset of the n components. they worked out that the optimum size of this subset for large numbers of devices should equal n / 2. on this basis, the researchers say that it should be possible to generate a continuous output of useful devices using only defective components. to find the optimum subset from each batch of defective devices, all of the defects can be measured individually and the minimum calculated with a computer. alternatively, components can be combined through trial and error until the aggregate error is minimized. once the optimum subset has been selected, fresh components can be added to replenish the original batch and the cycle started over again. challet and johnson point out that this process and the wiring together of the components will add to the overall cost of making the device. but they believe that these extra costs are likely to be outweighed by the fact that defective components can be produced cheaply en masse. hewlett packard, for example, has already built a supercomputer – known as teramac – from partially defective conventional components using adaptive wiring. “


individual differences | methods | statistics | clinical | educational | industrial | professional items | world psychology | " social style " is the behavior that one exhibits when interacting with others. being aware of your own social style helps a person develop relationships, particularly at work. " social styles " is the name of a particular psychometric instrument that helps people to better understand and work with others through appreciation of their basic decision making and control needs. originally, social styles was determined by having respondents say " yes " or " no " to 150 adjectives measuring three scales : assertiveness, responsiveness, and versatility. assertiveness : the effort a person makes to influence the thinking and actions of others. or - the measure of whether a person appears to ask or tell in interactions with others. responsiveness : the extent to which a person reacts readily to influence or stimulation with a display of feelings. versatility : a type of social endorsement based, in part, on the extent to which others see the individual as competent, adaptable, and behaving appropriately. versatility measures the extent to which a person appears to be working to make relationships mutually productive. the first two trace back to robert r. blake and jane mouton ' s managerial grid model. the two social style scales revealed that by combining the two dimensions, assertiveness and responsiveness, four patters of behavior, or " social styles ", can be identified. driving : ( tell assertive + control responsive ) these individuals are seen as strong willed and more emotionally controlled. expressive : ( tell assertive + emote responsive ) these individuals are described as outgoing and more dramatic. amiable : ( ask assertive + emote responsive ) these individuals are seen as easy going and supportive. analytical : ( ask assertive + control responsive ) these individuals are described as serious and more exacting. in 1964 dr. david w merrill and roger reid began research to create a model that could predict the success in selling and management careers. what the partners ended up discovering was that people ' s behaviors and actions are consistent. the original social style model was worked on by dr. james w. taylor, who at the time was a staff psychologist at martin corporation ( later martin marietta ) in denver. dr. merrill obtained the rights to use the social styles modeltm ( whose rights are now owned by the tracom group, a workplace performance company specializing in interpersonal skills training and performance consulting, formerly a division of reed business information, whose parent company is reed elsevier ). new


methods | statistics | clinical | educational | industrial | professional items | world psychology | a word is a unit of language that carries meaning and consists of one or more morphemes which are linked more or less tightly together. typically a word will consist of a root or stem and zero or more affixes. words can be combined to create phrases, clauses and sentences. a word consisting of two or more stems joined together is called a compound. difficulty in defining the term edit the precise definition of what a word is depends on which language the definition is for, and the dividing line between words and phrases is not always clear. in most writing systems, a word is usually marked out in the text by interword separation such as spaces or word dividers used in some languages such as amharic. in other languages such as chinese and japanese, and in many ancient languages such as sanskrit, word boundaries are not shown. even in writing systems that use interword separation, word boundaries are not always clear ; for example, even though ice cream is written like two words, it is a single compound because it cannot be separated by another morpheme or rephrased like iced cream or cream of ice. likewise, a proper noun is a word, however long it is. a space may not be even the main morpheme boundary in a word ; the word new yorker is a compound of new york and - er, not of new and yorker. in english, many common words have historically progressed from being written as two separate words ( e. g. to day ) to hyphenated ( to - day ) to a single word ( today ), a process which is still ongoing, as in the common spelling of all right as alright. words in different classes of languages edit in synthetic languages, a single word stem ( for example, love ) may have a number of different forms ( for example, loves, loving, and loved ). however, these are not usually considered to be different words, but different forms of the same word. in these languages, words may be considered to be constructed from a number of morphemes ( such as love and - s ). in polysynthetic languages, the number of morphemes per word can become so large that the word performs the same grammatical role as a phrase or clause in less synthetic languages ( for example, in yupik, angyaghllangyugtuq means " he wants to acquire a big boat " ). these large - construction words are


word performs the same grammatical role as a phrase or clause in less synthetic languages ( for example, in yupik, angyaghllangyugtuq means " he wants to acquire a big boat " ). these large - construction words are still single words, because they contain only one content word ; the other morphemes are grammatical bound morphemes, which cannot stand alone. matters seem easier for analytic languages. for these languages, a word usually consists of only a root morpheme, which is often single - syllable. however, it is common even in those languages to combine roots into a compound stem. complexity of word boundaries in speech edit in spoken language, the distinction of individual words is even more complex : short words are often run together, and long words are often broken up. spoken french has some of the features of a polysynthetic language : je ne le sais pas ( " i do not know it " ) tends towards / ʒənələsepa /. as the majority of the world ' s languages are not written, the scientific determination of word boundaries becomes important. determining word boundaries edit there are five ways to determine where the word boundaries of spoken language should be placed : - potential pause - a speaker is told to repeat a given sentence slowly, allowing for pauses. the speaker will tend to insert pauses at the word boundaries. however, this method is not foolproof : the speaker could easily break up polysyllabic words. - a speaker is told to say a sentence out loud, and then is told to say the sentence again with extra words added to it. thus, i have lived in this village for ten years might become i and my family have lived in this little village for about ten or so years. these extra words will tend to be added in the word boundaries of the original sentence. however, some languages have infixes, which are put inside a word. similarly, some have separable affixes ; in the german sentence " ich komme gut zu hause an, " the verb ankommen is separated. - minimal free forms - this concept was proposed by leonard bloomfield. words are thought of as the smallest meaningful unit of speech that can stand by themselves. this correlates phonemes ( units of sound ) to lexemes ( units of meaning ). however, some written words are not minimal free forms, as they make no sense by themselves ( for example, the and of ). - phonetic boundaries - some languages have


##mes ( units of sound ) to lexemes ( units of meaning ). however, some written words are not minimal free forms, as they make no sense by themselves ( for example, the and of ). - phonetic boundaries - some languages have particular rules of pronunciation that make it easy to spot where a word boundary should be. for example, in a language that regularly stresses the last syllable of a word ( like hebrew ), a word boundary is likely to fall after each stressed syllable. another example can be seen in a language that has vowel harmony ( like turkish ) : the vowels within a given word share the same quality, so a word boundary is likely to occur whenever the vowel quality changes. however, not all languages have such convenient phonetic rules, and even those that do present the occasional exceptions. - semantic units - much like the abovementioned minimal free forms, this method breaks down a sentence into its smallest semantic units. however, language often contains words that have little semantic value ( and often play a more grammatical role ), or semantic units that are compound words. in practice, linguists apply a mixture of all these methods to determine the word boundaries of any given sentence. even with the careful application of these methods, the exact definition of a word is often still elusive. - function word - lexical access - lexical decision - morphology ( language ) - nonsense word - word recognition - word meaning | this page uses creative commons licensed content from wikipedia ( view authors ). |


• setfree [ dropcon, options ] builds a freesystem object containing the mathematical equations required to find equilibrium conditions of the current model. the dropcon argument is used to specify the constraint ( s ) that are dropped to make the system underconstrained. • the format of dropcon is identical to that used by the constraints function. • the freesystem object is solved with solvefree. • the following options can be given : • if initialguess or initialcondition is unspecified, setfree uses the current model initial guesses, as obtained from lastsolve. • initialcondition can also be specified in solvefree. • if solution - > static is given, the model must have some nonzero applied loads for a static equilibrium position to exist. • if solution - > kinematic is given, the model must have velocity - dependent loads applied, or no equilibrium velocity can exist. • if solution - > dynamic is given, the model must have nonzero masses applied to at least one moving body with setbodies. • see also : setcouple. load the modeler2d package and define a simple model. here we build a freesystem object that can be used to simulate the underconstrained motion of the help model when the constraint that controls the rotation of the crank has been removed. before calling setfree, a velocity solution is generated with solvemech so that initial conditions for the location and velocity of each body will be available. because the help model has only one body with nonzero mass and one applied load ( the link body has a 10 - unit mass and a 10 - unit applied load in the x direction ), the instantaneous free acceleration is somewhat predictable. the x acceleration of the link body, x3dd, is equal to 1. 0. here we integrate the free acceleration of the help model with respect to time for four seconds. here is a plot of the x position of the link. the link is initially decelerating until its x coordinate reaches a local minimum, and then it accelerates the other way.


commit themselves to a set of promises that they called the " sixteen decisions. " these are commitments to improve the welfare of the borrowers and their families above and beyond the loans. they agreed to send their children to school, they decided to maintain discipline, to create unity, to act with courage, and to work hard in all their endeavors. they agreed to keep their families small, to send their children to school, to plant as many seedlings as possible, even to eat vegetables. these are some of the resolutions created by the women, not imposed by the bank. these aspirations were critical to their lives. listening to them, you see what a difference women make. a typical initial loan is something like thirty - five dollars. the night before a woman is going to accept that money from the bank, she will be tossing and turning to decide whether she is really ready for it. she is scared that maybe something terrible will happen to her. and finally in the morning her friends will come over and they will try to persuade her : " let ’ s go through with it. if you don ’ t go, we can ’ t. we can ’ t always worry. it was not easy coming to this point. let ’ s go. " and finally, with their encouragement, she will come to the bank. when she holds that money, it is such a huge amount in her hands, it is like holding the hope and treasure that she never dreamt she would achieve. she will tremble, tears will roll down her cheeks, and she won ’ t believe we would trust her with such a large sum. and she promises that she will pay back this money, because the money is the symbol of the trust put in her and she does not want to betray that trust. and then she struggles to pay that first loan, that first installment, which is due the following week, and the second installment, which is payable the following week, and this goes on for fifty weeks in sequence, and every time that she repays another installment she is braver! and when she finishes her fiftieth installment, the last one, and she has now paid in full, she can say, " i did it! " she wants to celebrate. it ’ s not just a monetary transaction that has been completed, it is nothing less than a transformation of that person. in the beginning of it all, she was trembling, she was tossing and turning, she felt she was nobody and she really did not exist. now she is a woman


that has been completed, it is nothing less than a transformation of that person. in the beginning of it all, she was trembling, she was tossing and turning, she felt she was nobody and she really did not exist. now she is a woman who feels like she is somebody. now she can almost stand up and challenge the whole world, shouting, " i can do it, i can make it on my own. " so it ’ s a process of transformation and finding self - worth, self - esteem. proving that she can take care of herself. you see, if you only look at the lending program of grameen, you have missed most of its impact. grameen is involved in a process of transformation. the sixteen decisions is an example : we found that grameen children attend school in record numbers because their mothers really take that commitment seriously. and now many of the children are continuing in colleges, universities, going on to medical schools, and so on. it is really striking to see young boys and girls go on to higher levels of education. the program has been so successful that we now foresee a big wave of students needing loans, so we recently came up with another loan product to finance higher education for all grameen children in professional schools. now they don ’ t have to worry about whether their parents will be able to pay for their higher education when tuition is so expensive. a recent study in bangladesh showed that children in grameen families are healthier than non - grameen children. scientific american did a study of population growth in bangladesh showing that the average number of children per family twenty years back was seven, but now it has been reduced to three. what happened? why did it happen? scientific american has spurred controversy by claiming the change is due to our program. as women become empowered, they look at themselves and at what they can do. they are making economic progress and alongside that, making decisions about their personal lives and how many children they choose to have. and of course article 16, decision 1, says that we should keep our families small. so this is an important part of the equation. at the population summit in cairo all the sessions spoke of the grameen model, because the adoption of family planning practices of women in our program is twice as high as the national average. now, we are not a population program, but this is a beneficial side effect. there are other side effects. starting seven years back we encouraged grameen borrowers to participate in the political process by voting. their first reaction was


the national average. now, we are not a population program, but this is a beneficial side effect. there are other side effects. starting seven years back we encouraged grameen borrowers to participate in the political process by voting. their first reaction was negative. they said, " the candidates are all devils, so why should we vote for them? " it was very depressing that people looked at their electoral process in that way. so we replied, " okay, yes, they are all devils, but if you don ’ t go and vote, the worst devil will get elected. so go sit down in your centers, discuss who could be the worst, what could happen if he gets elected, and if you find this prospect terrible, then you have an opportunity to choose among all the devils, the least evil. " people immediately got excited, and we had almost 100 percent participation in that first election. it was very well organized. all the grameen families met the morning of the elections, and went to the voting place together, so the politicians would take note of their large numbers, so that they were taken seriously. in the next elections we organized grameen families to vote themselves and also to bring their friends and neighbors to vote, particularly the women. the result was that in the 1996 election in bangladesh voter participation was 73 percent, the highest percentage ever. and what shocked everybody was that across the board more women voted than men. in fact, women waited for hours, because when the voting arrangements were made, the authorities had expected only half the number to show up. the outcome changed the political landscape. in the previous parliament, the fundamentalist religious party had seventeen seats ; in the 1996 election, their number was reduced to three, because women found nothing interesting in the fundamentalist party ’ s program. so that was very empowering, very empowering indeed. then, in last year ’ s local elections, we were shocked to see that many grameen members themselves got elected. so i went around and talked to those people, and asked why they chose to run for office. they said, " you told us to select the least of the devils, and we tried, but it was such an ugly job that we got fed up, and we started looking at each other, thinking, ‘ why are we looking for the least devil, when we are good people here? why don ’ t we run ourselves? " and that started the snowball effect which ended with more than four thousand grameen members elected into local office. that


, ‘ why are we looking for the least devil, when we are good people here? why don ’ t we run ourselves? " and that started the snowball effect which ended with more than four thousand grameen members elected into local office. that ’ s amazing. and the way they talk is completely different. i never heard women in bangladesh talking like this. they are challenging the government. they say, " the government can ’ t tell us how to vote. we made commitments to our electorate. " this is the kind of thing that happens. so in health care, in political participation, in the relationship between mother and child and between husband and wife, there are transformations of society. now you can open up, you can do things, you can discover your own talent and ability and look at the world in a very different way than you looked at before. because grameen offers a chance to become part of an institution, with some financial support to do your own thing. our customers are in a kind of business relationship, but one that makes such a difference to their lives. of course there is resistance. the first resistance came from the husbands who felt insulted, humiliated, threatened that their wives were given a loan and they were not. the tension within the family structure sometimes led to violence against the women. so we paused for a while and then came up with an idea. we started meeting with the husbands and explaining the program in a way where they could see it would be beneficial to their family. and we made sure to meet with husbands and wives together so everyone understood what was expected. so that reduced a lot of initial resistance by the husbands. neighborhood men also raised objections, and cloaked the fact that they felt threatened by women ’ s empowerment in religious trappings. we carefully examined whether our program was in some way antireligious. but they were hiding behind religion instead of admitting that they felt bypassed. it was the male ego speaking in religious terms. our best counterargument was just to give it time. it soon became clear that our borrowers were still attending to their religious duties, at the same time earning money and becoming confident. women started confronting the religious people. they said, " you think taking money from grameen bank is a bad idea? okay, we won ’ t take any more — if you give the money yourself. we don ’ t care who gives it to us, but without money we cannot do anything. " and of course the religious advocates said, " no, no, we can


point - - similar to the gospel writers ’ point, i suppose - - is that despite how much we say we know about everything, despite how boringly predictable our lives and the world in which we live sometimes seems, i want to suggest that our lives and our world are a little less predictable than we imagine. to the very best of my knowledge, i don ’ t remember any predictions about anything like the arab spring or occupy wall street. i especially don ’ t remember anybody making any predictions about the way all of this would happen. to be fair, some of you may have questions about the way i ’ ve told this story. if bradley manning hadn ’ t been harassed for his sexual orientation, would he have leaked the secret documents? if he hadn ’ t leaked the secret documents, would the revolution in tunisia and the rest of the arab spring still happened? if the arab spring hadn ’ t happened, would the occupy wall street protests have occurred? i don ’ t know the answer to these questions either. here ’ s what i do know though … in ancient greek, there are two words for time - - chronos and kairos. chronos is regular, linear, predictable time. it ’ s the root of the english word “ chronology. ” kairos, though, refers to special time. to use more traditional theological language, it ’ s when the power of the divine breaks into history to bring about something new and totally unexpected. to use less traditional language, it ’ s when the events of the universe, the events of history, the events of life, serendipitously conspire to bring about something totally new and totally unexpected in our lives, often in a totally unexpected way, and sometimes even something good. what i want to suggest for your consideration this morning is that too often, i suspect most of us live our lives according to a chronos mentality rather than living with a kairos mentality. the biblical stories of jesus ’ birth were originally written to inspire us toward a kairos mentality - - but in our 21st century culture these stories are usually not understood too literally, but even among skeptics, the stories have become so familiar to us that they ’ ve lost their power to jar and jolt us out of a chronos mentality. “ that ’ s the way, it was supposed to happen! ” we say when we hear a story about a baby being born in a manger growing up to change the world. many of the events of 2011 seem to


washington, dc — the u. s. department of energy ( doe ) today announced the launch of a website, doepatents, which allows search and retrieval of information from a collection of more than 20, 000 patent records. the database represents a growing collection of patents resulting from r & d supported by doe and demonstrates the department ’ s considerable contribution to scientific progress from the 1940s to the present. “ from helping the blind to see again to identifying hidden weapons through holographic computerized imaging technology, the u. s. department of energy has supported and will continue to support research addressing some of the world ’ s most pressing scientific challenges, ” under secretary for science dr. raymond l. orbach said. “ content within doepatents represents a truly impressive demonstration of doe research and development and technological innovation. ” highlighted at doepatents is a compilation of noteworthy doe innovations from the past few decades. these technologies have improved quality of life and provided national economic, health and environmental benefits. one such invention is the artificial retina, a collaborative research project between doe national laboratories, universities and the private sector aimed at restoring vision to millions of people blinded by retinal disease. another invention is the doe national renewable energy laboratory ’ s pioneering multi - junction solar cell. a cell based on this design set a world efficiency record in converting sunlight to electricity. the doepatents database also includes inventions of nobel laureates associated with doe or its predecessors such as enrico fermi, glenn seaborg and luis alvarez, along with other distinguished scientists. patents consists of bibliographic records, with full text where available via either a pdf file or an html link to the record at the united states patent and trademark office. the doepatents database is updated quarterly with new patent records. the website is updated on a regular basis with news and information about significant and recent inventions. resource links for inventors are included at the site, as well as recent inventions and patent news pages. doepatents was developed by the doe office of scientific and technical information ( osti ) and may be viewed at http : / / www. osti. gov / doepatents /. osti, a part of the doe office of science, accelerates discovery by making research results rapidly available to scientists and to the public. the office of science is the single largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the nation. jeff sherwood, doe, ( 202 ) 586 - 5806 cathey daniels, osti, ( 865 ) 576 - 9539


php is considered an insecure language to develop in not because of secret backdoors put in by the php language developers, but because it was initially developed without security as a major concern and compared to other languages / web frameworks its difficult to develop securely in it. e. g., if you develop a lamp / lapp ( linux + apache + mysql / postgresql + php ) web app, you have to manually code in input / output sanitation to prevent sql injection / xss / csrf, make sure there are no subtle calls to eval user - supplied code ( like in preg _ replace with a ' / e ' ending the regexp argument ), safely deal with file uploads, make sure user passwords are securely hashed ( not plaintext ), authentication cookies are unguessable, secure ( https ) and http - only, etc. most modern web - frameworks simplify many of these issues by doing most of these things in a secure fashion ( or initially doing them insecurely and then getting secure updates ). the risk of there being a secret backdoor in an open - source php is small ; and the risk is present in every piece of software ( windows / linux / apache / nginx / iis / postgresql / oracle ) you use - - both open - source and closed - source. the open - source ones at least have the benefit that many independent eyes look at it all the time and you could examine it if you wanted. also note in principle, even after fully examining the source code and finding no backdoors and fully examining the source code of your compiler ( finding no backdoors ), if you then recompile your compiler ( bootstrap by using some untrusted existing compiler ) and then compile the safe source code with your newly compiled " safe " compiler, your executable code could still have backdoors brought in from using the untrusted existing compiler to compile the new compiler. see ken thompson ' s reflections on trusting trust. ( the way this is defended against in practice is by using many independent and obscure compilers from multiple sources to compile any new compiler and then compare the output ).


the cerebral cortex, a layer of neural tissue surrounding the cerebrum of the mammalian brain, has been known to play various roles in memory, language, thought, attention, and consciousness. up until now, no invertebrate equivalent to the cerebral cortex has been encountered, but detlev arendt, raju tomer, and colleagues may have found an evolutionary counterpart. the obvious answer is hidden in one simple creature – the worm. wait, what? yeah, you heard me. the marine ragworm, found at all water depths, has been shown to possess a tissue resembling that of our mysterious cerebral cortex. arendt and his colleagues used a technique called cellular profiling to determine a molecular footprint for each kind of cell in this particular type of ragworm. by utilizing this technique, they were able to uncover which genes were turned on and off in each cell, providing a means for cellular categorization. surprisingly, mushroom bodies, regions of the ragworm ’ s brain that are thought to control olfactory senses, show a striking similarity to tissue found in our cerebral cortex. this intriguing discovery may provide remarkable insight into the evolutionary basis of what has developed into an incredibly important cerebral structure. read more about this review here, or see the original article in cell.


object pool design pattern object pooling can offer a significant performance boost ; it is most effective in situations where the cost of initializing a class instance is high, the rate of instantiation of a class is high, and the number of instantiations in use at any one time is low. object pools ( otherwise known as resource pools ) are used to manage the object caching. a client with access to a object pool can avoid creating a new objects by simply asking the pool for one that has already been instantiated instead. generally the pool will be a growing pool, i. e. the pool itself will create new objects if the pool is empty, or we can have a pool, which restricts the number of objects created. it is desirable to keep all reusable objects that are not currently in use in the same object pool so that they can be managed by one coherent policy. to achieve this, the reusable pool class is designed to be a singleton class. the object pool lets others “ check out ” objects from its pool, when those objects are no longer needed by their processes, they are returned to the pool in order to be reused. however, we don ’ t want a process to have to wait for a particular object to be released, so the object pool also instantiates new objects as they are required, but must also implement a facility to clean up unused objects periodically. the general idea for the connection pool pattern is that if instances of a class can be reused, you avoid creating instances of the class by reusing them. < strong > reusable < / strong > - instances of classes in this role collaborate with other objects for a limited amount of time, then they are no longer needed for that collaboration. < strong > client < / strong > - instances of classes in this role use reusable objects. < strong > reusablepool < / strong > - instances of classes in this role manage reusable objects for use by client objects. usually, it is desirable to keep all reusable objects that are not currently in use in the same object pool so that they can be managed by one coherent policy. to achieve this, the reusablepool class is designed to be a singleton class. its constructor ( s ) are private, which forces other classes to call its getinstance method to get the one instance of the a client object calls a acquirereusable method when it needs a reusable object. a reusablepool object maintains a collection of reusa


private, which forces other classes to call its getinstance method to get the one instance of the a client object calls a acquirereusable method when it needs a reusable object. a reusablepool object maintains a collection of reusable objects. it uses the collection of reusable objects to contain a pool of reusable objects that are not currently in use. if there are any reusable objects in the pool when the acquirereusable method is called, it removes a reusable object from the pool and returns it. if the pool is empty, then the acquirereusable method creates a reusable object if it can. if the acquirereusable method cannot create a new reusable object, then it waits until a reusable object is returned to the collection. client objects pass a reusable object to a releasereusable method when they are finished with the object. the releasereusable method returns a reusable object to the pool of reusable objects that are not in use. in many applications of the object pool pattern, there are reasons for limiting the total number of reusable objects that may exist. in such cases, the reusablepool object that creates reusable objects is responsible for not creating more than a specified maximum number of reusable objects. if reusablepool objects are responsible for limiting the number of objects they will create, then the reusablepool class will have a method for specifying the maximum number of objects to be created. that method is indicated in the above diagram as setmaxpoolsize. do you like bowling? if you do, you probably know that you should change your shoes when you getting the bowling club. shoe shelf is wonderful example of object pool. once you want to play, you ’ ll get your pair ( aquirereusable ) from it. after the game, you ’ ll return shoes back to the shelf ( objectpoolclass with private array of releasemethods in objectpool class - make sure that your objectpool is singleton rules of thumb - the factory method pattern can be used to encapsulate the creation logic for objects. however, it does not manage them after their creation, the object pool pattern keeps track of the objects it creates. - object pools are usually implemented as singletons. object pool code examples | this work is licensed under a creative commons attribution - noncommercial - no derivative works 3. 0 unported license |


stats articles 2010 why any ol ' diet will work ( if your bmi is high enough ) : a case study in regression toward the mean rebecca goldin, phd, february 10, 2010 understanding regression toward the mean imagine a city where, from year to year, the overall height of the population is stable. there are no sudden growth spurts or frantic attempts by parents to give their children growth hormones, or movements of very short people in or very tall people out of the city limits. now consider the following statistical conundrum : if you measure the tall people in the city, they will tend to have children who are shorter and, similarly, the short people will tend to have children who are taller. other strange things are happening too. though the city ' s school test scores are not improving overall, the children with the worst test scores last year, appear to be doing better this year. what you are witnessing is called " regression toward the mean, " and it means that whenever you measure something more than once in a population, the extremes tend to move more toward the average. consider height : suppose the range of adult heights ( the minimum to maximum heights ) is four feet to seven feet, and stays the same over several generations. if we look at just those who are 7 feet tall, we will find that they have children who are shorter, since if these children grow to be taller than 7 feet, the height range of the population would change. if the range stays the same, the 7 - feet people cannot have children who are taller than themselves! you might ask : but where do we get the new 7 - feet tall people if the tallest people have shorter kids? first, a maximum height individual might have a same - heigh child. second, invariably, some tall people who are not quite at the maximum will have taller children - for example, someone 6 feet 6 inches could have a child who grows to be 7 feet tall. these kids will become the next generation of “ tallest. ” “ height of children ” is an example of a measurement that has some random fluctuation, that has nothing to do with genetics at all. regression toward the mean describes the behavior of such randomness. unfortunately, it can lead to some bias in observational studies, and understanding its effects is an important defense against false conclusions. just as we may be misled about what is happening to our society ’ s height if we only observe the heights of the children of very tall people ( thinking that they are shrinking ) we may be misled


is an important defense against false conclusions. just as we may be misled about what is happening to our society ’ s height if we only observe the heights of the children of very tall people ( thinking that they are shrinking ) we may be misled about social progress and medical success if we do not recognize the phenomenon. how bias sneaks in : an experiment in regressing we can set up an experiment that illustrates the phenomenon without having to wait generations to see the result. take a random group of people and ask them each to flip a coin 100 times and record the result. we would expect to find that many people got close to 50 heads and 50 tails. but we would also find that a few people got many more heads than tails and vice versa. suppose we did the experiment again with just those who got the outlying results. let ’ s call someone a “ head - flipper ” if he / she got at least 60 heads, and we only include head - flippers in our second experiment. we would still expect these people to have, on average, 50 heads and 50 tails in second set of flips. the head - flippers would generally not be head - flippers any longer. as these experiments are independent of each other, we do not expect head - flippers to be particularly likely to flip heads the second time they participate in the experiment. now imagine i have noted the first set of results and decided that what the world needed was a medication that improved one ' s ability to flip tails ( imagine i ' m crazy ). of course, i am only interested in what this medicine does to head - flippers, since they are the ones with the very serious problem of over - flipping heads. what will i find if i give all the head - flippers the medicine and run my test again? amazingly, most of them will no - longer flip at least 60 heads - i will have proven success! of course, the medication is illusory, as this purported increase in tail - flipping is only in comparison to those people who were chosen because they had flipped a lot of heads. we have simply observed regression toward the mean. regression toward the mean is a fundamental notion in statistics, and important to account for in experiments. it can create bias in poorly done observational studies. if the score on the coin flips were replaced by blood pressure measurements, for example, we should expect that people with the highest blood pressure readings are also those whose pressure will go down at the next measurement, whether they are given a


critical the second reading. the situation becomes much clearer when we look at the whole picture. by looking at the whole graph, we see there were five people below the red line, but to the right of the blue line, who had non - critically high blood pressure on the first reading, but above critical on the second. these people whose condition “ worsened ” from one reading to the next will compensate for those who “ improved, ” so that we see an average of no change. the point of a clinical trial is to get rid of the ( random ) bias introduced by regression toward the mean. a randomized clinical trial would compare groups of people with high blood pressure readings, by giving one group the medicine and the other not. it would then observe whether there is more benefit for the group that takes the medicine. alternatively, one could introduce a regimen for everyone without regard to blood pressure levels ( such as an exercise routine ) and see whether the average changes. weight loss and regression toward the mean by the same principle, the heaviest people are in a good position not to be heaviest at the next weigh - in. suppose that in february, 2010, we observe the weight of a population of people whose overall average weight and distribution of weights does not change. at the end of the year, the people with the highest bmi are likely to have decreased their weight while those with the smallest are likely to increase. these changes which are attributed to " regression toward the mean " should be understood to be the changes due to random fluctuations of the weight measurement - - it could be because our weights do fluctuate some without any intervention on our part, or because the scales we use have some random error. if the population as a whole does not have an increased average or change its weight distribution, then as people below the average will tend to put on weight, while those who have a very high bmi will be likely to go down in weight. [ keep in mind that the average bmi may well be over 25, classifying the average person as overweight - regression toward the mean doesn ' t do anything for the average! ] now throw " going on a diet to lose weight " into the picture, something that typically only overweight people do, and this effect should be exaggerated. on average, attempting to lose weight has a positive impact on losing weight. of course there are many aspects of changing bmi levels that are more complicated than we have presented here. in particular, american bmi is not standing still ; it is increasing. and


i see real promise in the making. people are starting to embrace the scholarship of teaching and learning as a critical aspect of our work. while the philosophy may be new to some, it ’ s really just about cultivating a culture where educators and “ students by nature ” can thrive. filed under : uncategorized | leave a comment » posted on february 20, 2012 by ollie dreon innovation is another buzz word you ’ ll hear around the water cooler these days. everyone is promoting innovative teaching practices or trying to promote innovative solutions to the big problems facing schools, education and society. lost in the discussion of innovation, however, is the fact that being innovative requires a great deal of risk taking and possibly some failure. as a culture, we struggle with the idea of failure which limits our desire to take risks and innovate. but perspective is everything. take thomas edison. arguably one of the greatest american innovators of the 19th century, edison tried almost a thousand times to build the incandescent light bulb before eventually getting it right. when asked about failing so many times, edison reportedly replied “ i have not failed 1, 000 times. i have successfully discovered 1, 000 ways to not make a light bulb. ” it ’ s all about perspective. or look at michael wesch. wesch is an associate professor of cultural anthropology at kansas state university and has been an advocate for using technology instructionally to engage students actively in classroom content. wesch has given ted talks and created several technology - based videos that have gone viral. for instance, wesch ’ s vision of students today which describes the digital lives of collegiate students has been watched over 4 million times. he ’ s a world renowned technology leader and educator. last week, the chronicle of higher education featured wesch in an article titled “ a tech - happy professor reboots after hearing his teaching advice isn ’ t working. ” while wesch has been advising colleagues to use twitter and blogs in their teaching, his colleagues have not reported the same level of success as wesch has had. “ it was chaos, ” one of wesch ’ s colleagues said after implementing wesch ’ s strategies. ” it just didn ’ t work. ” but it ’ s all about perspective. innovation requires risk taking and involves educators learning from their efforts. rather than focusing on his colleagues ’ failures and dismissing technology outright, wesch chose to re - examine its use and learn from their mistakes. educators need to have a purpose for integrating technology and focus on establishing relationships with students,


does is done alone at every level in the educational system … for most people, school is the last time ( students ) will be evaluated on individual effort. ” but cultivating collaboration isn ’ t just a curricular challenge. we as educators must be models of collaboration ourselves. we can ’ t just talk the talk. we must walk the walk. we must break free of our respective silos and learn to collaborate with one another. in his book called collaboration, morten hansen identified four barriers to collaboration that institutions may face. these barrier include : - the not invented - here barrier : people are unwilling to reach out to others and reject the ideas from the outisde - the hoarding barrier : people are unwilling to provide help or keep information close at hand because they are competing with one another - the search barrier : people are not able to find what they are looking for because information is spread across the institution - the transfer barrier : people are not able to work with people, especially ones they don ’ t know well. i ’ m sure hansen ’ s barriers will resonate with many readers but they can be overcome. and they need to be overcome. not only to be better educational models for our students, but also so we can be more productive, more creative and more innovative. collaboration is more than a bridge between two ideas. it is the catalyst that spawns a multitude of new ideas. and that needs to be valued, cultivated and celebrated. filed under : collaboration | leave a comment » posted on february 8, 2012 by ollie dreon a few weeks ago, i discussed the new ibooks author app and also outlined some of my concerns with the end user licensing agreement for the application. if you recall, some people were interpreting the eula as apple claiming some ownership of any content that is authored using the ibooks author app, whether it is uploaded onto the ibookstore or not. they compared it to microsoft claiming some ownership of every document written with ms word or any presentation created with powerpoint. enough people expressed their concerns that apple recently modified its eula to clarify their intentions. looking at the revised eula, authors will retain all of their rights for the content of their work but are not able to sell the specific ibooks files anywhere but through the ibookstore. to check out the eula for yourself, visit the app store preview. for an in - depth analysis of the eula language, check out this post from appadvice. filed under : etexts, ipad