of settling the account to the next settling day. this may be done by arrangement with the broker, and the transaction is known as " carrying over ". a speculator may purchase at a fixed rate the right to receive or to refuse a certain amount of a certain stock or commodity at a future date. this is called an " option ". if he purchases the right either to sell or to buy, it is a " put and call ", or a " double option ". of course no objection can be raised against such contracts as these when they are entered into by merchants or others with a view to the effective transfer of what is bought and sold. a merchant or manufacturer requires a constant and steady supply of what he deals in so as to be able to conduct his business. effective dealings in " futures " and " options " guarantee the steady supply which is needed, and that at fixed rates settled beforehand. such business methods benefit the dealer and the public as well. they ensure a constant supply of commodities at medium rates. but the speculator does not intend effective transfer. his buying and selling are fictitious ; he only pockets his differences if he wins, and pays them if he loses. his methods give rise to serious moral, economic, and political questions, which have been the subject of much discussion. there is no great moral harm in the practices which have been mentioned if they are considered singly by themselves and in the abstract. without incurring the reproach of great moral obliquity i may buy a thousand dollars ' worth of stock at the current rate from a broker when neither buyer nor seller intends effective transfer of the stock, but merely the payment of differences when the settling day arrives. in essentials the transaction is a bet as to what the price of the stock will be on settling day. and if the buyer and the seller have the free disposal of the money which is staked on the bet, and there is no fraud, unfair dealing, or other evil adjuncts or effects of the transaction, the bet will not be morally wrong. ( see betting ; gambling. ) however, betting and gambling are almost always dangerous pastimes and often morally wrong. just in the same way speculation tends to develop a passion which frequently leads to the ruin of a speculator and his family. the hope of becoming rich quickly and without the drudgery of labour distracts a man from pursuing the path of honest work. the speculator, even if he succeeds, produces nothing ; he reaps the fruit of the to


his family. the hope of becoming rich quickly and without the drudgery of labour distracts a man from pursuing the path of honest work. the speculator, even if he succeeds, produces nothing ; he reaps the fruit of the toil of others, he is a parasite who lives by preying on the community. moreover, in practice, the event on which the bet is laid by one who speculates in futures is seldom left to the operation of natural causes. when large sums of money are at stake the temptation to influence the course of prices becomes almost irresistible ; hence the fierce and frequent contests between " bulls " and " bears " on the exchanges. cliques of one party, interested to bring about a rise in prices, buy the stock in order that the increased demand may produce the effect desired. often the buying is merely fictitious, but this fact is not known to the outside world. the purchases are published, industriously commented upon by the venal financial press, puffs and mendacious reports are inserted in the papers in order to raise the price of the stock and attract moneyed investors. the opposite party adopts the contrary, but equally immoral, tactics. they indulge in real or fictitious sales and do all they can to depreciate the stock in their favour by fair or foul means. great financiers with command of large sums of money can and do influence the markets almost as they please, and the small speculator is usually swallowed up by them. wealthy financiers and gigantic syndicates can often buy or obtain effective control over all the available supply of some stock or commodity and then charge monopoly prices. such " rings ", or " corners ", even when they do not succeed entirely according to the intention of the operator produce widespread inconvenience, hardship, and ruin. the result is that in practice speculation deserves all the evil reputation which attaches to the word. speculation indeed has its defenders and advocates, especially among brokers and jobbers, who claim that it equalizes prices and prevents the fluctuations which would otherwise be inevitable. some affirm that speculative dealings have little appreciable effect on buying and selling for transfer. in volume and number speculative transactions are very much larger than those for effective transfer, but the two are conducted separately and to a great extent between different parties. it is asserted that the speculative market is to a large extent separate and distinct from the real market. these two arguments in favour of speculative dealings mutually destroy each other. if


, but the two are conducted separately and to a great extent between different parties. it is asserted that the speculative market is to a large extent separate and distinct from the real market. these two arguments in favour of speculative dealings mutually destroy each other. if speculative dealings equalize prices, it cannot be true that they have little appreciable effect on the markets. as the result of the speculation depends on the actual market price of the security or commodity in question at the time agreed upon, it cannot be said that speculative transactions are independent of effective buying and selling for transfer. it is patent that the various devices to which " bulls " and " bears " have recourse do produce some effect. the acute and experienced men who devote themselves to speculative business, and who frequently have recourse to the methods described above in order to influence the market in their favour, would be the last people in the world to expend uselessly time, effort, and money. the contention, then, of producers and consumers that speculation has a disastrous effect on real business transactions seems to be well grounded. they maintain that speculators denaturalize prices. these should be regulated, and are naturally regulated, by the varying costs of production and by the mutual interaction of supply and demand ; but the artificial dealings of speculators tend to fix prices without reference to those natural factors. hence, producers and consumers are robbed by clever men, who manipulate the markets in their own interests, produce nothing, perform no useful social service, and are parasites on commerce. in germany the exchange law of june, 1896, forbade gambling in options and futures in agricultural produce, and after a severe struggle with the berlin exchange the government succeeded in maintaining the law. a similar law was passed in austria in january, 1903. america and great britain as yet have no special laws on the matter, though more measures than one have been proposed to congress. the great difficulty of distinguishing between transactions for effective delivery and mere time - bargains, and the ease with which positive laws on the matter could be evaded, have checked the tendency to positive legislation. in england the existing laws against gambling and fraud have been found sufficiently effective to provide a remedy for cases of special importance. antoine in dictionnaire de theologie catholique ( paris, 1905 ), s. v. bourse ( jeux de ) ; brants, les grandes lignes de l ' economie politique ( louvain, 1908 ) ; ecclesiasticai review,


please use this identifier to cite or link to this item : http : / / hdl. handle. net / 1959. 13 / 806880 - older people playing ball : what is the risk of falling and injury? van beurden, eric ; - the university of newcastle. faculty of health, school of medicine and public health - increasing physical activity amongst seniors is important for public health, yet guidance is needed to minimise injury risks. to describe the incidence of falls / injuries in a walking team ball game ( lifeball ) designed for seniors, a prospective cohort study was undertaken amongst community dwelling lifeball participants in australia. players completed a telephone survey soon after commencing lifeball ( 2004 ) and 12 months later ( 2005 ). attendance and incident records were audited for the period. subjects joined a lifeball group with opportunity to play at least once per week. baseline was completed by 284 players aged between 40 and 96 years ( mean 67 years ), with most ( 83. 8 %, 238 / 284 ) female. of 263 followed up, the average attendances was 25, with 19. 3 % attending on fewer than 4 occasions and 14. 3 % attending 52 or more times. most ( 93. 9 % ) reported no injuries requiring medical attention. however, 16 ( 6. 1 % ) had injuries requiring medical attention and their 27 injuries represent an injury rate of 3. 3 per 1000 hours of participation. twenty participants ( 7. 6 % ) had a lifeball fall equating to a fall rate of 2. 8 per 1000 hours of participation. falls in lifeball were not associated with measured predictors ( age, gender, falls history, perceived falls risk or hours played ). incident records showed a trip / stumble involving rushing, walking backwards, or overextending ( all against rules ) as common falling causes. lifeball is not ‘ risk free ’ however due to a lack of comparative data it is difficult to compare injury rate to relevant activities. prevention of injury should concentrate on enforcing safety rules. - journal of science and medicine in sport vol. 12, issue 1, p. 177 - 183 - publisher link - resource type - journal article


gdr germany - federal office for radiation protection19. 06. 2013 | map | | station list | | status report | | information | | faq | | contact | | imprint | the german gamma dose rate ( gdr ) network consists of about 1800 continuously measuring, automatic probes. in order to make data available to the public as soon as possible, the bfs publishes without prior examination of the data. because of the large number of probes it may happen that some data is missing or shows strange signals due to failures or technical problems ( see information ). it should be noted that such error can occur and that individual values may be corrupted at single stations, while the neighboring probes do not show these abnormalities. the time series ( averaged over one hour ) are updated regularly every 6 hours. in the case of an exceptional increase of the gdr, the probes report their status and the measured dose rate immediately. this alerts the bfs on - call team, who check the values within a short reaction time. often heavy rain showers provoke an increase of the gdr due to the fact that the derivatives of naturally occurring radon in the atmosphere are washed out and deposited on the ground. this may lead to short - term increases in the gdr visible in the measurements, which decays very quickly again. in any case, all new data is checked on a daily basis. this check takes place before 10 : 00 in the morning, thus older data is checked. the check ensures that data with technically induced errors are marked by a member of the team on duty. this marked data is not shown in the time series plots. note : averaged ( mean ) values over one hour, partly unvalidated raw data! daily mean values the time series plots represent the gamma dose rate at the station dransfeld : legend for the time series the measured dose rate depends primarily on the level of natural radioactivity in soil ( terrestrial component ) and on the intensity of the cosmic radiation ( cosmic component ). the site - specific threshold is marked as a horizontal line in the time series. if the threshold is exceeded at two adjacent stations in the network, the management centre will be alarmed to clarify the situation. typical progressions of the gamma dose rate are summarized in the information.


the oxygen content of oxy - water is 5 to 7 times higher than that of regular bottled water and up to 10 times higher than that of some tap water. the oxy - water people do not use only use less than perfect reverse osmosis membranes or mere filters to create their base water, they use steam distillation. not only does distillation remove everything but the water from the water, but it removes any vibrational " memories " as well. i often discuss water as possessing the proven quality of " memory. " filters and reverse osmosis membranes cannot erase the structural memories that the japanese scientists are photographing in water crystals, but distillation can blank water back to it ' s pure unrecorded and unadulterated state. why distilled water? from the oxy water web site : " the distillation process removes every kind of bacteria, virus, parasite, pathogen, pesticide, herbicide, heavy metal, and inorganic material, and prepares water to accept and retain the maximum amount of oxygen possible. when ingested, water attracts and dissolves toxins and inorganic mineral deposits stored in our joints, organs, arteries, and nerve tracts, pulling them into our blood to be carried to our excretory organs for discharge. distilled water is an excellent natural solvent. you should know that the human body cannot absorb inorganic materials available in plain tap or spring water : these minerals need to be converted first to an organic state for human assimilation. this is achieved only after they pass through plants, not water. simply put, we need the purest water possible to carry what the body ' s cells need plenty of... oxygen. a recent study concluded each hemoglobin molecule in the blood requires 40 molecules of water to transport efficiently one molecule of oxygen to the cells. an inadequate amount of water can cause the hemoglobin molecule to actually repel oxygen. [ and 80 % of all americans are estimated to be clinically dehydrated. ] pure ( distilled ) water " wets " the hemoglobin molecules, allowing them to more effectively pick up and transport oxygen throughout the body. the tiredness many people feel after eating is a result of oxygen being consumed during the digestive process, which diminishes the oxygen available to the rest of the body. " it seems as though some questions have arisen regarding the ability of the human body to absorb oxygen in water. the oxygen in the oxy - water is absorbed instantly


journal for the theory of social behaviour 42 ( 3 ) : 260 - 282 ( 2012 ) | abstract | | in this article, i demonstrate fundamental weaknesses in the ability of critical understandings of race to produce reliable knowledge of how social actors use social comparisons as a way to align self with ingroup. i trace these weaknesses to two sources : the first is relying on social status as an explanation for race - based assessments, ingroup motivations, and social constructions of otherness. this is opposed to leaning on assessments grounded in social psychological research that links properties of human cognition to the development and maintenance of social identities. the second weakness is an open support for activist research that is often situated in radical multiculturalism. because critical race scholars openly side with racial minorities ’ interests, they tend to establish incomplete assessments of social behaviors and social constructs linked to racial identities in order to maintain their stated political allegiances. to demonstrate these and other weaknesses, i draw upon the theoretical insights of social identity theory which is used to reassess bell and hartmann ' s ( 2007 ) critical race analysis of diversity dialogue in american society | | keywords | | no keywords specified ( fix it ) | | through your library | | configure | similar books and articles joshua glasgow ( 2009 ). a theory of race. routledge. ron mallon & daniel kelly ( 2012 ). making race out of nothing : psychologically constrained social roles. in harold kincaid ( ed. ), the oxford handbook of philosophy of social science. oxford university press. ron mallon ( 2004 ). passing, traveling and reality : social constructionism and the metaphysics of race. nous 38 ( 4 ) : 644 – 673. amanda e. lewis ( 2004 ). what group? " studying whites and whiteness in the era of " color - blindness. sociological theory 22 ( 4 ) : 623 - 646. ronald r. sundstrom ( 2003 ). race and place : social space in the production of human kinds. philosophy and geography 6 ( 1 ) : 83 – 95. joshua glasgow, julie l. shulman & enrique g. covarrubias ( 2009 ). the ordinary conception of race in the united states and its relation to racial attitudes : a new approach. journal of cognition and culture 9 ( 1 ) : 15 - 38. zeus leonardo ( 2011 ). after the glow : race ambivalence and other educational prognoses. educational philosophy and theory 43 ( 6 ) : 675 - 698. michael


cognition and culture 9 ( 1 ) : 15 - 38. zeus leonardo ( 2011 ). after the glow : race ambivalence and other educational prognoses. educational philosophy and theory 43 ( 6 ) : 675 - 698. michael root ( 2001 ). the problem of race in medicine. philosophy of the social sciences 31 ( 1 ) : 20 - 39. robin o. andreasen ( 2000 ). race : biological reality or social construct? philosophy of science 67 ( 3 ) : 666. douglas mcknight & prentice chandler ( 2012 ). the complicated conversation of class and race in social and curricular analysis : an examination of pierre bourdieu ' s interpretative framework in relation to race. educational philosophy and theory 44 ( 5 - 6 ) : 74 - 97. ron sundstrom ( 2002 ). race as a human kind. philosophy and social criticism 28 ( 1 ) : 91 - 115. michael j. monahan ( 2010 ). liberalism and the challenge of race. social theory and practice 36 ( 4 ) : 689 - 704. added to index2012 - 03 - 16 total downloads5 ( # 161, 910 of 556, 803 ) recent downloads ( 6 months ) 1 ( # 64, 847 of 556, 803 ) how can i increase my downloads?


these processes range from complex information processing, through goal pursuit and emotions, to cognitive control and self - regulation. this collection of 20 original chapters by leading researchers examines the cognitive unconscious from... does the unconscious exist? cultural critic antony easthope answers with a witty, lucid, informed " yes " and draws out its implications for the way we live, how we enjoy art, and how we think about people in society and history. drawing on the writings of freud and lacan, he argues that the study of the unconscious is a way of analyzing meanings across culture as an effect of desire. easthope tests for unconscious significance in an amazing variety of examples, including jokes, (... ) tampax advertisements, hamlet, hitchcock ' s psycho, the life and death of princess di, terminator 2, bob geldof ' s autobiography, and the film titanic. ( shrink ) this book attempts to answer the question : how much of what we do is the result of conscious and deliberate decisions and how much originates in unconscious, unthought out, automatic directives? the answer is that far more than what we might imagine falls into the second category. we tend to assume responsibility for our unconsciously determined thoughts and actions, and even though we do not know why we think and act the way we do, we make up reasons for it, (... ) which we truly believe. each one of us is really two people in the same body, who in many respects, function quite independently of each other, and yet somehow manage to get along with things, while the other, the outer brain, serves as the spokesperson for both of them. the inner brain is the source of our objectives and generates the emotions that keep us on track in our attainment of them. this book explores the strange relationship between these two parts of us across a spectrum of mental processes including, memory, language, problem - solving, dreams, delusions and hallucinations, and more complex pursuits sucs as the arts, humor and religion. ( shrink ) machine generated contents note : introduction : the historiography of the unconscious ; part i. the subject before the unconscious : 1. a general science of the i : fichte and the crisis of self - identification ; 2. natural autonomy : schelling and the divisions of freedom ; part ii. the romantic unconscious : 3. divining the individual : towards a metaphysics of the unconscious ; 4. the historical unconscious ; 5. post - idealism and the romantic psyche


autonomy : schelling and the divisions of freedom ; part ii. the romantic unconscious : 3. divining the individual : towards a metaphysics of the unconscious ; 4. the historical unconscious ; 5. post - idealism and the romantic psyche ; part iii. the psychoanalytic unconscious : 6. freud : the geist in the machine ; 7. the liberal unconscious ; conclusion. alasdair macintyre argues that freud ' s conception of the unconscious is complicated by his tendency to use the term in two different ways. macintyre shows how freud uses the term " unconscious " both as a straightforward description of psychological phenomena, and as an evaluative notion to explain the links between childhood events and adult behavior. this clarification helps to shed light on the many misunderstandings of psychoanalysis, and to separate out what is and what is not of lasting value in freud ' s account (... ) of the unconscious. this new edition includes a substantial new preface by the author, in which he discusses repression, determinism, transference, and " practical rationality, " and offers a rare comparison of aristotle and lacan on the concept of desire. macintyre takes the opportunity to reflect both on the reviews and criticisms of the first edition and also on his own philosophical stance. ( shrink ) the heart of judgment explores the nature, historical significance, and contemporary relevance of practical wisdom. primarily a work in moral and political thought, it also relies extensively on the latest research in cognitive neuroscience to confirm and extend our understanding of the faculty of judgment. ever since the ancient greeks first discussed practical wisdom, the faculty of judgment has been an important topic for philosophers and political theorists. it remains one of the virtues most demanded of our public officials. the (... ) greater the liberties and responsibilities accorded to citizens in democratic regimes, the more the health and welfare of society rest upon their exercise of good judgment. while giving full credit to the roles played by reason and deliberation in good judgment, the book underlines the central importance of intuition, emotion, and worldly experience. ( shrink ) over the past two decades, a new picture of the unconscious has emerged from a variety of disciplines that are broadly part of cognitive science. according to this picture, unconscious processes seem to be capable of doing many things that were thought to require intention, deliberation, and conscious awareness. moreover, they accomplish these things without the conflict and drama of the psychoanalytic unconscious. these processes range from complex information processing,


processes seem to be capable of doing many things that were thought to require intention, deliberation, and conscious awareness. moreover, they accomplish these things without the conflict and drama of the psychoanalytic unconscious. these processes range from complex information processing, through goal pursuit and emotions, to cognitive control and self - regulation. this (... ) collection of 20 original chapters by leading researchers examines the unconscious from social, cognitive, and neuroscientific viewpoints, presenting some of the most important developments at the heart of this new picture of the unconscious. the new unconscious will be an important resource on the unconscious for researchers in psychology, cognitive science and neuroscience. ( shrink ) eric rayner, a psychoanalyst in private practice, has written the first clear introduction to matte - blanco ' s key concepts for psychotherapists and psychoanalysts. while matte - blanco ' s theories on the structure of the unconscious and the way in which it operates are generally recognized to be the most original since those of freud, many people find his use of terminology from mathematics and logic difficult to understand. in this book, rayner sets out the central ideas and then shows, with examples, how they relate to (... ) clinical practice. he also describes how the ideas are related to those of people in other disciplines - - mathematics, logic, psychology ( specifically piaget ), and anthropology, among others. drawing on the work of a group of people who have been inspired by matte - blanco ' s thinking to extend their own ideas and test them out in the consulting room, this book reveals the significance of matte - blanco ' s thought for future research. ( shrink ) the sections on schelling, eschenmayer, and schopenhauer in chapters vi and ix appear in the 1992 schopenhauer jahrbuch as “ from the world - soul to the will : the natural philosophy of schelling, eschenmayer, and schopenhauer ”. what if you could, like a diamond forged through heat and pressure, transform every painful, scary, and stressful experience in your life into one that is meaningful, courageous, and inspiring? what if you were provided with the tools that allow you to tap and manifest the true power that exists within you - - the power to shine? are you ready to discover your path to peace? in this fascinating book, dr. darren weissman shares ancient spiritual wisdom fused with a modern - day understanding of (... ) the


power that exists within you - - the power to shine? are you ready to discover your path to peace? in this fascinating book, dr. darren weissman shares ancient spiritual wisdom fused with a modern - day understanding of (... ) the mind ' s relationship to biology and behavior that has implications not only for your health, but for the well - being of the entire planet. you ' ll learn how to use the lifeline technique o - - a philosophy and technology for awakening your infinite potential for healing and wholeness - - and share the experiences of scores of people whose lives have been forever changed as a result. conscious visionaries pronounced more than 40 years ago that the road to peace is paved with the power of love. dr. weissman ' s book provides the steps you can use to learn to walk that path, and it will help you understand why it is your moral imperative to choose love over fear. ( shrink ) beginning with emerson and the transcendentalists, americans have tended to view the unconscious as the psychological faculty through which individuals might come to experience a higher spiritual realm. on the whole, american psychologists see the unconscious as a symbol of harmony, restoration and revitalization, imbuing it with the capacity to restore peace between the individual and an immanent spiritual power. americans and the unconscious studies the symbolic dimensions of american psychology, tracing the historical development of the concept of the unconscious (... ) from its early formulations in nineteenth - century theology through its elaboration by the major schools of contemporary academic psychology. in the process, it provides portraits of william james, early american " freudians " and the " neo - freudians, " new psychology, and humanistic psychologies. fuller draws attention to the ways in which the concept of the unconscious - - while originating in the world of scientific discourse - - symbolizes philosophical and religious interpretations of human nature, and shows how the " american unconscious " helps locate the development of psychological ideas within the broader contexts of american religious and intellectual history. ( shrink ) ever since the publication of his first book, the spectrum of consciousness, written when he was twenty - three, ken wilber has been identified as the most comprehensive philosophical thinker of our times. this introductory sampler, designed to acquaint newcomers with his work, contains brief passages from his most popular books, ranging over a variety of topics, including levels of consciousness, mystical experience, meditation practice, death, the perennial philosophy, and wilber ' s integral approach to reality, integrating


nonword discrimination task and a subsequent recognition task and analyzed the data by means of process - dissociation procedures. in line with our expectations, subjects of both groups showed more false signal detection to threat than to neutral stimuli as indicated by an enhanced response bias, whereas indices of discriminative sensitivity did not show this effect. in addition, patients with panic disorder showed a generally enhanced response bias in comparison to healthy controls. they also seemed to have processed the stimuli less elaborately and less differentially. results are consistent with the assumption that subconscious threat detection can lead to misrepresentations of stimulus significance and that pathological anxiety is characterized by a hyperactive preattentive alarm system that is insufficiently controlled by higher cognitive processes. ( shrink ) puccetti argues that dennett ' s views on split brains are defective. first, we criticise puccetti ' s argument. then we distinguish persons, minds, consciousnesses, selves and personalities. then we introduce the concepts of part - persons and part - consciousnesses, and apply them to clarifying the situation. finally, we criticise dennett for some contribution to the confusion. a much - cited definition of placebo is from shapiro and shapiro ( 1997 ) : " any therapy ( or that component of any therapy ) that is intentionally or knowingly used for its nonspecific, psychological, or psychophysiological, therapeutic effect, or that is used for a presumed specific therapeutic effect on a patient, symptom, or illness but is without specific activity for the condition being treated " ( p. 41 ). what nonspecific means and how it relates to the psyche has been written about extensively yet inconclusively. in the end, the (... ) term nonspecific doesn ' t say anything about the crux of the matter. talking about placebo, one first has to distinguish between " placebo effect proper " and " perceived placebo effect. " the.. ( shrink ) whenever we analyze the issue of spiritual activities, we can never lay aside of the macro - background of “ spirit service to life ”. spirit is ” software ” of life. it is essentially to carry out determination of self life and a nervous system which make the information processing and feedback between self life and outside world. it has reasonable structure system and systematical work mechanism. the basic structure system of the spirit of human beings is like this : self is the core and leading (... ) of spirit running, which has properties


between self life and outside world. it has reasonable structure system and systematical work mechanism. the basic structure system of the spirit of human beings is like this : self is the core and leading (... ) of spirit running, which has properties in three aspects which are will, needs and motility. these properties formed a unity. will mainly shows theessential property of self, which is in the domination and core position. needs mainly shows the main part of life requesting and demanding for objective outside, which is in the conditional and secondary position. if we put the needs in the key position, it will blaspheme the meaning of life and lose the value of life. motility is a centralized reflection of life activity, which could be a means for the implementation of self will and acquisition of self needs. in the tangible world, it is displayed as colorful life activity. in the intangible spiritual world, it is displayed as the information processing ability and information feedback ability of self life. motility has four different levels : emotion, subconsciousness, consciousness, cognition. correspondingly, the development of spirit could also be divided as four levels. in each level, self, activity, requested development degree, property characteristics and main content have certain of differences. in structure system of spirit, there is a correlation among each part and each element, which will interact with own characteristics to form an organic whole. in fact, it is an essential sublimation of tangible body and an intangible life existed with information form. the following figure shows the relationship of each element : [ * electronic editor ' s note : figure in pdf of article * ] this structure system of spirit, which isn ’ t a simple frame but an abstract mechanism of spirit running, is life active system of informatization. this system and mechanism make the changeable spiritual activity clear and orderly, and make the abundant and various life activities systematic and vivid. this system ’ s self isdeveloping, whose development still comply with the law of life development, symbolizing the development and extension of vitality. this development could be considered as continuance of life progress. in the low - grade life, it is mainly displayed as biological stress stage of promoting the favorable and avoiding the unfavorable as well as blind and instinctive affective response stage ; in the highgrade animals, it is gradually displayed certain of psychological activity ability and study cognition ability. in human beings, it is gradually displayed awake of consciousness and mature of reason, making human beings to control


blind and instinctive affective response stage ; in the highgrade animals, it is gradually displayed certain of psychological activity ability and study cognition ability. in human beings, it is gradually displayed awake of consciousness and mature of reason, making human beings to control themselves and change all things to become the soul of the world. through this structure system and running mechanism, we could get a systematical explanation for theessence of emotion, mystery of psychological activity, process of consciousness awake, occurrence mechanism of dream. meantime, we put forth that human beings must experience the second awakerational awake to become the true society human when human beings become the humans with souls after consciousness awake. ( shrink ) the author attempts to answer the question, how it is possible that many scholars - including those representing prestigious universities and research institutes - are ready to consider creationists critique of the origin - of - life theories as " valuable ", " scientifically useful ", " cogent ", and " clarifying our thinking ". the answer seems to be simple : the same metascientific assumptions, which constitute a basis of antievolutionistic argumentation, still live in the philosophical consciousness ( or subconsciousness ) of a lot of scientists. among these assumptions is he thesis (... ) that order does not arise from disorder and the principle of the uniformity of nature. ( shrink ) abstract : how it is that one ' s own thoughts can seem to be someone else ' s? after noting some common missteps of other approaches to this puzzle, i develop a novel cognitive solution, drawing on and critiquing theories that understand inserted thoughts and auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia as stemming from mismatches between predicted and actual sensory feedback. considerable attention is paid to forging links between the first - person phenomenology of thought insertion and the posits ( e. g. efference copy, corollary discharge ) of current cognitive (... ) theories. i show how deficits in the subconscious mechanisms regulating inner speech may lead to a ' fractured phenomenology ' responsible for schizophrenic patients ' reports of inserted thoughts and auditory verbal hallucinations. supporting work on virtual environments is discussed, and lessons concerning the fixity of delusional belief are drawn. ( shrink ) let me begin with what may seem a very minor point, but one which i think reveals something about how many philosophers today conceive of their subject. during the past few decades, there has been an increasing


of the citadel, or the ideal city, constitutes a spatial deportment. throughout history the two myths have continually molded the built (... ) environment and thought, but the myth of the ideal city – from plato to descartes to modernity – came to dominate city - form and ensuing aspects of contemplation. this relationship seems to have shifted during the twentieth century. intellectual dispositions have begun to be largely nurtured by an incongruous city - form emerging from the gap between the incessant promise for an automated, well - functioning city, on the one hand, and looming alienation, coupled with the factual, malfunctioning city, on the other hand. urban decay, a persisting and time - bound urban event that is a byproduct of this configuration, suggests the ascent of the garden myth in post - modern city - form. ( shrink ) how do business leaders make ethical decisions? given the significant and wide - spread impact of business people ’ s decisions on multiple constituents ( e. g., customers, employees, shareholders, competitors, and suppliers ), how they make decisions matters. unethical decisions harm the decision makers themselves as well as others, whereas ethical decisions have the opposite effect. based on data from a study on strategic decision making by 16 effective chief executive officers ( and three not - so - effective ones as contrast ), i propose a model for ethical decision making in (... ) business in which reasoning ( conscious processing ) and intuition ( subconscious processing ) interact through forming, recalling, and applying moral principles necessary for long - term success in business. following the ceos in the study, i employ a relatively new theory, rational egoism, as the substantive content of the model and argue it to be consistent with the requirements of long - term business success. besides explaining the processes of forming and applying principles ( integration by essentials and spiraling ), i briefly describe rational egoism and illustrate the model with a contemporary moral dilemma of downsizing. i conclude with implications for further research and ethical decision making in business. ( shrink ) what type of artificial systems will claim to be conscious and will claim to experience qualia? the ability to comment upon physical states of a brain - like dynamical system coupled with its environment seems to be sufficient to make claims. the flow of internal states in such system, guided and limited by associative memory, is similar to the stream of consciousness. minimal requirements for an artificial system that will claim to be


coupled with its environment seems to be sufficient to make claims. the flow of internal states in such system, guided and limited by associative memory, is similar to the stream of consciousness. minimal requirements for an artificial system that will claim to be conscious were given in form of specific architecture named articon. (... ) nonverbal discrimination of the working memory states of the articon gives it the ability to experience different qualities of internal states. analysis of the inner state flows of such a system during typical behavioral process shows that qualia are inseparable from perception and action. the role of consciousness in learning of skills, when conscious information processing is replaced by subconscious, is elucidated. arguments confirming that phenomenal experience is a result of cognitive processes are presented. possible philosophical objections based on the chinese room and other arguments are discussed, but they are insufficient to refute claims articon ’ s claims. conditions for genuine understanding that go beyond the turing test are presented. articons may fulfill such conditions and in principle the structure of their experiences may be arbitrarily close to human. ( shrink ) this paper speculates upon the reasons for peter drucker ' s ongoing and vigorous denial of the relevance of business ethics. it contemplates whether drucker consciously, or even perhaps subconsciously, associates the aims of business ethics with the aims of those associated with the arbeitsfreude movement in germany prior to the outbreak of the second world war. if this is the case the paper questions whether drucker ' s distaste for some of the more notorious outcomes of that movement in germany are reflected in (... ) his hostility to business ethics. drucker ' s reflections regarding the social responsibilities of business are discussed, as are the limitations which he imposes upon such corporate social responsibility. drucker ' s distinction between societal ethics and individual ethics are also discussed. ( shrink ) this paper evaluates the claim that it is possible to use nature ’ s variation in conjunction with retention and selection on the one hand, and the absence of ultimate groundedness of hypotheses generated by the human mind as it knows on the other hand, to discard the ascription of ultimate certainty to the rationality of human conjectures in the cognitive realm. this leads to an evaluation of the further assumption that successful hypotheses with specific applications, in other words heuristics, seem to (... ) have a firm footing because they were useful in another


of defences used by an oil refinery and its parent company during an oil spill incident. a hypothetical model of defences built on swajkowski ’ s four responses to accusations of organisational misconduct – refusals, excuses, justifications and concessions – is tested through this case. on the basis of empirical findings it is obvious that (... ) defences delay, impede and interrupt the mitigation and recovery actions of incidents. it is not possible to break the defence behaviour of individuals because it is a built - in psychological mechanism in all humans serving a valuable purpose of dosing the pain of injury. however, it is possible to separate individual and organisational behaviour so that automatic organisational procedures mitigate, recover and, ultimately, prevent incidents. the organisational psychological task of crisis management is to mitigate the organisation ’ s ego defences, recover from its emotional turmoil and prevent further traumas by making its ego stronger and more flexible. the argument of this paper is that in practice organisational defences act as bumpers against becoming too conscious of the gap between the corporate rhetoric and reality, as subconscious breaks against too fast change demands, and as batteries in their preconscious effort to prepare for the change. organisational refusals act as bumpers, excuses as breaks and justifications as batteries, while concessions imply that a change towards a more responsible corporation is taking place. ( shrink ) there is a kinship between owen flanagan ' s the really hard problem and william james ' s the varieties of religious experience that not only can help us to understand flanagan ' s book but also can help scholars, particularly scholars of religion, to be attentive to an important development in the realm of the " spiritual but not religious. " specifically, flanagan ' s book continues a tradition in philosophy, exemplified by james, that addresses questions of religious or spiritual meaning in terms accessible to a broad audience outside (... ) the context of organized religions. both james and flanagan are concerned to refute the popular perception that the sciences of the mind pose a threat to meaning and particularly to meaningful processes of human growth and transformation. where james used the subconscious to bridge between science and religion and persuade his readers of the reality of the more, flanagan uses a scientifically grounded understanding of transcendence to enchant his readers into believing in less. although i think that flanagan ' s attempt to link the psychological and sociocultural levels of analysis via the concept of transcendence is scientifically premature, his attempt at a naturalistic spirituality raises questions of definition that scholars of religion


into believing in less. although i think that flanagan ' s attempt to link the psychological and sociocultural levels of analysis via the concept of transcendence is scientifically premature, his attempt at a naturalistic spirituality raises questions of definition that scholars of religion need to take seriously. ( shrink ) in this article, i discuss the manner in which dieter henrich ’ s theory of subjectivity has emerged from the fundamental questions of german idealism, and in what manner and to what extent this theory effects a reinstatement of metaphysics. in so doing, i shall argue that henrich ’ s position represents a viable refutation of the attempt of the physicalist explanation of the world to prove the concept of the subject to be superfluous. henrich ’ s metaphysics of subjectivity is primarily focused on the ‘ ultimate (... ) questions ’ which also compose “ the deep levels of our subjectivity ” and concern the factors that should promote stability in our emotional, moral and intellectual life. i argue with henrich that the indisputable facticity of our conscious life is worthy of our special consideration and interpretation, explanation and clarification, just as the deeper meaning ( the individual and collective subconscious structure ) hidden beneath the layers of apparent comprehensibility calls for urgent investigation. such interpretation and elucidation of life ’ s meaning has a tripartite character : first, it consists of clarification of the totality of human experience together with the realities playing a part in it ; second, it builds on the process by which the contents of experience are cognized, and the knowledge thereof which results ; thirdly, it embraces the transcendental precondition enabling each and every one of us to consciously lead our lives — for life, in a human sense, does not merely happen to one. henrich ’ s metaphysical foundation of subjectivity is compared with kolak ‘ s position, according to which individual consciousness is not insular, but integrated into the totality of overall unity that some have called “ the universal self ”, “ the noumenal self ”. ( shrink ) there are a number of reasons to be interested in building humanoid robots. they include ( 1 ) since almost all human artifacts have been designed to easy for humans to interact with, humanoid robots provide backward compatibility with the existing human constructed world, ( 2 ) humanoid robots provide a natural form for humans to operate through telepresence since they have the same kinematic design as humans themselves, ( 3 ) by


interact with, humanoid robots provide backward compatibility with the existing human constructed world, ( 2 ) humanoid robots provide a natural form for humans to operate through telepresence since they have the same kinematic design as humans themselves, ( 3 ) by building humanoid robots that model humans directly they will be a useful tool in (... ) understanding how humans develop and operate as they provide a platform for experimenting with different hypotheses about humans and ( 4 ) humanoid robots, given su cient abilities, will present a natural interface to people and people will be able to use their instinctive and culturally developed subconscious techniques for communicating with other people to communicate with humanoid robots. in this paper we take reason ( 4 ) seriously, and examine some of the technologies that are necessary to make this hope a reality. ( shrink ) abstract if the question of the humanity of “ the other “ may become a question, and not be reinscribed into western colonizing patterns of thought, then its issuing must concern a limit ( always arising beyond western thought ), a delimitation of existence that is risked and put at risk without recourse to the project or operation of that colonizing thought that situates it. ideas of subjectivity, agency, and power - knowledge potential for progress, as well as rationalist instrumental thought used to recognize those peoples (... ) and cultures excluded and oppressed under the western modern tradition, must be put into question by the very agents claiming recognition, as well as the epistemic structures that sustain these concepts and the dispositions and subconscious expectations constituted by the colonizing practices of bodies and imaginaries that project the very horizons of one ' s existence. ( shrink ) we commonly identify something seriously defective in a human life that is lived in ignorance of important but unpalatable truths. at the same time, some degree of misapprehension of reality may be necessary for individual health and success. morally speaking, it is unclear just how insistent we should be about seeking the truth. robert sparrow has considered such issues in discussing the manufacture and marketing of robot ‘ pets ’, such as sony ’ s doglike ‘ aibo ’ toy and whatever more advanced devices may supersede (... ) it. though it is not his only concern, sparrow particularly criticizes such robot pets for their illusory appearance of being living things. he fears that some individuals will subconsciously buy into the illusion, and come to sentimentalize interactions that fail to constitute genuine relationships. in replying


when experiencing alpha decay, atoms shed alpha particles made of 2 protons and 2 neutrons. why can ' t we have other types of particles made of more or less protons? the reason why alpha particles heavily dominate as the proton - neutron mix most likely to be emitted from most ( not all! ) radioactive components is the extreme stability of this particular combination. that same stability is also why helium dominates after hydrogen as the most common element in the universe, and why other higher elements had to be forged in the hearts and shells of supernovas in order to come into existence at all. here ' s one way to think of it : you could in principle pop off something like helium - 3 from an unstable nucleus - that ' s two protons and one neutron - and very likely give a net reduction in nuclear stress. but what would happen is this : the moment the trio started to depart, a neutron would come screaming in saying look how much better it would be if i joined you!! and the neutron would be correct : the total reduction in energy obtained by forming a helium - 4 nucleus instead of helium - 3 would in almost any instance be so superior that any self - respecting ( and energy - respecting ) nucleus would just have to go along with the idea. now all of what i just said can ( and in the right circumstances should ) be said far more precisely in terms of issues such as tunneling probabilities, but it would not really change the message much : helium - 4 nuclei pop off preferentially because they are so hugely stable that it just makes sense from a stability viewpoint for them to do so. the next most likely candidates are isolated neutrons and protons, incidentally. other mixed versions are rare until you get up into the fission range, in which case the whole nucleus is so unstable that it can rip apart in very creative ways ( as aptly noted by the earlier comment ). $ \ alpha $ particles are really $ he ^ 4 _ 2 $ nucleus i. e made up of 2 neutron and 2 protons. as you can see in this graph, $ he ^ 4 _ 2 $ ion has a high binding energy per nucleon, i. e. it is highly stable among all the neighboring nuclei. this makes them easy to sustain their existence and makes it easier for the nuclei to emit them in radioactive decay thus making the resultant nuclei much more stable than if a $ he _ 2 ^ 3 $ would have escaped.


| mon march 24, 1969 02 : 32pm ( pst ) | this report supersedes any earlier report of this event this event has been reviewed by a seismologist mon march 24, 1969 02 : 32pm ( pst ) mon march 24, 1969 22 : 32 ( gmt ) 30. 1 km ( 18. 7 mi ) ene ( 67. azimuth ) from hanford - 300, wa 31. 7 km ( 19. 7 mi ) sse ( 151. azimuth ) from othello, wa 33. 5 km ( 20. 8 mi ) ne ( 46. azimuth ) from hanford - 400, wa | depth : | | 7. 34 km ( 4. 48 miles ) | | horizontal uncertainty : | | 26. 219 km | | depth uncertainty : | | 25. 22 km | | azimuthal gap : | | 257. 0 deg | | number of phases : | | 7 | depth within the earth where an earthquake rupture initiated. pnsn reports depths relative to sea level, so the elevation of the ground above sea level at the location of the epicenter must be added to estimate the depth beneath the earth ' s surface. a measure of how well network seismic stations surround the earthquake. measured from the epicenter ( in degrees ), the largest azimuthal gap between azimuthally adjacent stations. the smaller this number, the more reliable the calculated horizontal position of the earthquake. number of phases how well the given earthquake location predicts the observed phase arrivals ( in seconds ). smaller misfits mean more precise locations. the best locations have rms misfits smaller than 0. 1 seconds. number of p first motions a p first motion is the direction in which the ground moves at the seismometer when the first p wave arrives. we distinguish between upward and downward first motions. this is the number of observations that were used to obtain the fault plane solution. orientation of first possible fault plane the strike is the angle between the north direction and the direction of the fault trace on the surface, while keeping the dipping fault plane to your right. the dip is the steepness of the fault plane measured as an angle between the fault plane and the surface. for example, 0 degrees is a horizontal fault and 90 degrees is a vertical fault. rake is the angle, measure in the fault plane, between the strike and the direction in which the material above the fault moved relative to the material on the bottom of the fault


, 0 degrees is a horizontal fault and 90 degrees is a vertical fault. rake is the angle, measure in the fault plane, between the strike and the direction in which the material above the fault moved relative to the material on the bottom of the fault ( slip direction ). orientation of second possible fault plane the orientation of the two possible fault planes is the best solution we can find to match the observed first motions at the seismometers using a grid search method. the uncertainty of the strike, dip, and rake indicate the number of degrees by which those values can vary and still match the observations satisfactorily. code, or name, to designate a particular seismic station network code indicates the organization responsible for a particular station, the pnsn consists of uw = university of washington, uo = university of oregon, and cc = cascade volcano observatory the quality of an observed p arrival polarity indicates how well you can tell whether it is up or down and can range from 0 ( poor ) to 1 ( good ). the channel name allows one to distinguish between data from different kinds of sensors. the first character indicates the sample rate of the data, examples are e = 100hz, b = 40 or 50hz, h = 80 or 100 hz. the second character indicates whether the channel is a high ( h ) gain or low ( l ) gain velocity channel or a strong - motion acceleration channel ( n ). the third character indicates the direction of motion measured, z = up / down, e = east / west, n = north / south. polarity means the direction of motion, in this context it means whether it is up ( u ) or down ( d ).


supplement forms / alternate names : - potassium chloride - potassium bicarbonate - chelated potassium ( potassium aspartate, potassium citrate ) principal proposed uses potassium is a mineral found in many foods and supplements. but you will never see pure potassium in a healthfood store or pharmacy — it is a highly reactive metal that bursts into flames when exposed to water! the potassium you eat, or take as a supplement, is composed of potassium atoms bound to other nonmetallic substances — less exciting, perhaps, but chemically stable. potassium is one of the major electrolytes in your body, along with sodium and chloride. potassium and sodium work together like a molecular seesaw : when the level of one goes up, the other goes down. all together, these three dissolved minerals play an intimate chemical role in every function of your body. the most common use of potassium supplements is to make up for potassium depletion caused by diuretic drugs. these medications are often used to help regulate blood pressure, but by depleting the body of potassium, they may inadvertently make blood pressure harder to control. potassium is an essential mineral that we get from many common foods. true potassium deficiencies are rare except in cases of prolonged vomiting or diarrhea, or with the use of diuretic drugs. however, in one sense, potassium deficiency is common, at least when compared to the amount of sodium we receive in our diets. it is probably healthy to take in at least five times as much potassium as sodium ( and perhaps 50 to 100 times as much ). but the standard american diet contains twice as much sodium as potassium. therefore, taking extra potassium may be a good idea in order to balance the sodium we consume to such excess. bananas, orange juice, potatoes, avocados, lima beans, cantaloupes, peaches, tomatoes, flounder, salmon, and cod all contain more than 300 mg of potassium per serving. other good sources include chicken, meat, and various other fruits, vegetables, and fish. potassium pills can cause injury to the esophagus if they get stuck on the way down, so make sure to take them with plenty of water. interactions you should know about if you are taking : - loop diuretics or thiazide diuretics : you may need more potassium. - ace inhibitors ( eg, captopril, lisinopril, enalapril ), potassium - sparing diuretics ( eg, triamter


kiew, ruth ( 1978 ) floristic components of the ground flora of a tropical lowland rain forest at gunung mulu national park, sarawak. pertanika, 1 ( 2 ). pp. 112 - 119. the floristic components of the ground layer at the gunung mulu national park, sarawak, are described. these components are associated with microhabitats. the microhabitats of the riverine system include the shallow stream, rocky banks and banks of larger rivers, and those of the shaded forest include permanently wet areas, rocky litter - free slopes, steep litter covered slopes, surfaces of logs, roots or rocks and the flat well - drained alluvial forest. possible causes of the uneven distribution of the ground layer species of the flat well - drained alluvial forest are discussed. the species composition of this alluvial forest is compared with other published reports from the danum valley, sabah and pasoh forest reserve malaya, and with some other lowland forest types such as kerangas and peat swamp forest in sarawak. the phenomenon of iridescence and variegation of leaves is briefly noted. | keyword : | | floristic components, ground layer, lowland rainforest, microhabitat, distribution of tropical herbaceous plants, variegated foliage. | | faculty or institute : | | faculty of environmental studies | | deposited by : | | nur izyan mohd zaki | | deposited on : | | 09 nov 2009 02 : 45 | | last modified : | | 27 may 2013 06 : 58 | repository staff only : item control page document download statistics this item has been downloaded for since 09 nov 2009 02 : 45.


today is the first official digital archives day. all day, archivists and conservators working in digital archives of all kinds will be sharing their work under the # digitalarchivesday hashtag, and blogging at dayofdigitalarchives. blogspot. com i wanted to take a moment today to briefly talk about an innovation in digital imaging and computing that has become a frustation to many artists that have been experimenting with the web since the early years : anti - aliasing. put simply, anti - aliasing is a method of image processing that uses interpolation, to construct " new data points within the range of a discrete set of known data points. " this is a function of digital signal processing that has many many important applications, from helping typefaces look good on screen, to making images not look odd when scaled down. the use of anti - aliasing that we are talking about here though, is quite specific : the display of resized digital images and video in web browsers. to illustrate how anti - aliasing has affected an era of web content, we will look at cory arcangel ' s " data diaries. " data diaries on turbulence. org in 2002, when arcangel created " data diaries, " if one were set the size of an image or video embedded in a web page larger than it ' s actual size, the browser would use nearest neighbor interpolation to display the image. in other words – if one were to embed a 50 x 50 px image or video as 100 x 100 px, each pixel would appear to double in size. this default form of nearest neighbor interpolation was exploited to aesthetic ends by many early net artists, including cory. when cory made data diaries, he rendered the original videos at the dimension of 50 x 25 px - so tiny! he embedded these videos at dimensions of 500 x 266 px...


interpreter for zoom language zoom language is new language developed at depaul university by dr. jia. zoom stands for z - based object oriented modeling notation. it ' s made up of 3 different parts : zoom specification notations zoom - s, zoom design notation zoom - d and zoom implementation language zoom - i. the syntax of zoom - i is closely based on syntax of java language. it adds several extensions to java language such as enumerations, set and list formations, relations and function mappings and more. programming language design is a challenging task. development and testing of first implementation of the language is much easier and flexible done by implementing an interpreter. changes to static or dynamic semantics of a language are more easily done in interpreter than compiler. my project is to implement interpreter for the zoom - i language. the interpreter is going to be gui application with easy development of zoom programs. working on basic statements and expressions of zoom - i langauge. - 5 / 11 / 03 : basic java statements and expressions for primitive types - 5 / 19 / 03 : extended expressions for list declaration and manipulation - 5 / 26 / 03 : extended expressions for set declaration and manipulation - 5 / 31 / 03 : start work on object oriented features - 7 / 31 / 03 : object - oriented features finished - 8 / 01 / 03 : tbd - expected completion : november 2003 - initial presentation - power point slides - david a. watt & deryck f. brown. programming language processors in java. prentice hall, 2000. - alfred v. aho, ravi sethi, jeffrey d. ullman. compilers : principles, techniques and tools. addison - wesley, 1988. - ravi sethi. programming languages, concepts & constructs. addison - wesley, 1996. - randy m. kaplan. constructing language processors for little languages. john wiley & sons, inc., 1994.


information for contributors every scientist knows the power of engaging students in working with real data. working with data derived from observations in the field, experiments, analyses, remote sensing or modeling lies at the core of being a geoscientist and is one of the most exciting things we do. the ability to learn effectively from our own data and that of others is the mark of an accomplished scientist and is a common goal for our students. this session is designed to allow the entire gsa community to come together to share and discuss how we use data to help students learn concepts, think scientifically, and develop their skills in making interpretations and communicating conclusions. we invite contributions from throughout the geosciences involving all kinds of data in the full spectrum of approaches to helping students of all ages learn geoscience. the contributions to this session will be preserved in an on - line searchable collection designed to foster continued sharing and interaction. to make the session and the resulting collection of highest use as we think about teaching and work to adapt and adopt ideas from colleagues, we ask that each contributor - submit an abstract for session 32 that introduces or summarizes the example they wish to present ( deadline july 15 ) description of session 32, view abstracts - complete the submission form ( offline - no longer valid ) which includes uploading a pdf file of their poster ( deadline oct 31 ) - display your poster at the sunday, november 2, 1 : 00 session at gsa guidelines for poster preparation the form must be completed in a single session ( leaving the session erases the data ) at the same time your poster is uploaded. you may find it simplest to review the questions on the form, compose brief answers to them offline and then actually fill out the form in one go once your poster is complete. as guidelines to help make these presentations both comprehensive and useful, we ask that all abstracts and posters address learning goals ; instructional context ; required data, tools and equipment ; and evaluation strategies in addition to providing a description of the activity and its outcomes. you may wish to use the same text in the poster that you develop for the form below. the session will take place on sunday afternoon, november 1 in the poster hall. there are opportunities for several hundred posters. the one paper rule is waived for this session.


the scene : scientist jian chen adjusts optics mounted for an experiment at one of several pulse laser laboratories housed at slac. ( pulse is a joint slac / stanford university laser science institute. ) in this experiment, a small fleck of sample material is held in a special “ diamond anvil cell ” and torqued to pressures up to 12 gigapascals — 120, 000 times greater than atmospheric pressure, similar to conditions deep inside the earth. chen and colleagues then use three separate, highly precise beams of pulsed laser light, bouncing variously through the specialized optics, to measure the behavior of electrons in the material under pressure. experiments of this sort give scientists clues about the nature and dynamics of the atomic world that could aid in developing new materials with exotic properties. the shot : canon 5d mk ii, 17 - 35mm / f2. 8l lens @ 17mm, f / 7. 1. iso 200, 1 / 40 sec exposure. three lights ( all speedlites ), one triggered with a pocket wizard ii, the others with optical slaves : one camera left ( close, with a red gel ), one camera right ( at full power, to cast the hard shadows ), and one camera left ( farther from the camera, with grid, visible in frame ) to illuminate chen. used a tripod and remote trigger for this one. ( all while wearing the same goggles chen is wearing … tough way to shoot! )


geared toward upper - level undergraduates and graduate students, this elementary introduction to classical umbral calculus requires only an acquaintance with the basic notions of algebra and a bit of applied mathematics ( such as differential equations ) to help put the theory in mathematical perspectiv... read more customers who bought this book also bought : our editors also recommend : infinite sequences and series by konrad knopp careful presentation of fundamentals of the theory by one of the finest modern expositors of higher mathematics. covers functions of real and complex variables, arbitrary and null sequences, convergence and divergence, cauchy ' s limit theorem, more. infinitesimal calculus by james m. henle, eugene m. kleinberg introducing calculus at the basic level, this text covers hyperreal numbers and hyperreal line, continuous functions, integral and differential calculus, fundamental theorem, infinite sequences and series, infinite polynomials, more. 1979 edition. introductory discrete mathematics by v. k. balakrishnan this concise, undergraduate - level text focuses on combinatorics, graph theory with applications to some standard network optimization problems, and algorithms. more than 200 exercises, many with complete solutions. 1991 edition. technical calculus with analytic geometry by judith l. gersting well - conceived text with many special features covers functions and graphs, straight lines and conic sections, new coordinate systems, the derivative, much more. many examples, exercises, practice problems, with answers. advanced undergraduate / graduate - level. 1984 edition. geared toward upper - level undergraduates and graduate students, this elementary introduction to classical umbral calculus requires only an acquaintance with the basic notions of algebra and a bit of applied mathematics ( such as differential equations ) to help put the theory in mathematical perspective. subjects include sheffer sequences and operators and their adjoints, with numerous examples of associated and other sequences. related topics encompass the connection constants problem and duplication formulas, the lagrange inversion formula, operational formulas, inverse relations, and binomial convolution. the final chapter offers a glimpse of the newer and less well - established forms of umbral calculus. 1984 edition. unabridged republication of the edition published by academic press, inc., orlando, florida, 1984. this book was printed in the united states of america. dover books are made to last a lifetime. our us book - manufacturing partners produce the highest quality books in the world and they create jobs for our fellow citizens. manufacturing in the united states also ensures that our books are printed


a new survey finds that one in three homeless people in boston are clinically obese, a number that casts in relief the strange reality of food in the 21st century united states. not long ago, malnourishment was embodied by emaciation. now it ’ s far more likely to be hidden in folds of fat. “ this study suggests that obesity may be the new malnutrition of the homeless in the united states, ” wrote the researchers, led by harvard medical school student katherine koh, in an upcoming journal of urban health study. the findings are the latest and most dramatic illustration of what ’ s called the “ hunger - obesity paradox, ” a term coined in 2005 by neurophysiologist lawrence scheier to describe the simultaneous presence of hunger and obesity. around that time, a vernacular sea change occurred, with “ hunger ” and its connotations of starvationreplaced by “ food insecure, ” a term more descriptive of people who might consume enough raw calories but not enough nutrients. the paradox fit with a general modern relationship in the united states between weight and wealth. whereas obesity was once a sign of wealth, it now tracks with poverty. the poorer and less food - secure people are, the more likely they are to be overweight or obese.


hate [ heyt ] show ipa | part of speech : | | verb | | definition : | | dislike very strongly | | synonyms : | | abhor, abominate, allergic to, anathematize, be disgusted with, be hostile to, be loath, be reluctant, be repelled by, be sick of, be sorry, bear a grudge against, can ' t stand, contemn, curse, deprecate, deride, despise, detest, disapprove, disdain, disfavor, disparage, down on, execrate, feel malice to, have an aversion to, have enough of, have no use for, loathe, look down on, nauseate, not care for, object to, recoil from, scorn, shudder at, shun, spit upon, spurn | | notes : | | hate means to ' dislike intensely, loathe ' and despise means ' look down on contemptuously ' | | category : | | 1. social affections | hate, hatred, vials of hate., disaffection, disfavor ; alienation, estrangement, coolness ; enmity ; animosity., umbrage, pique, grudge ; dudgeon, spleen bitterness, bitterness of feeling ; ill blood, bad blood ; acrimony ; malice ; implacability ( revenge )., repugnance ( dislike ) ; demonophobia, gynephobia, negrophobia ; odium, unpopularity ; detestation, antipathy ; object of hatred, object of execration ; abomination, aversion, bete noire ; enemy ; bitter pill ; source of annoyance. hate, detest, abominate, abhor, loathe ; recoil at, shudder at ; shrink from, view with horror, hold in abomination, revolt against, execrate ; scowl ; disrelish ( dislike )., owe a grudge ; bear spleen, bear a grudge, bear malice ( malevolence ) [ more ] ; conceive an aversion to., excite hatred, provoke hatred ; be hateful ; stink in the nostrils ; estrange, alienate, repel, set against, sow dissension, set by the ears, envenom, incense, irritate, rile ; horri


puts glory, honour, majesty, as well as courage, under such stress that they often fracture, but are not utterly destroyed. " tolkien personified his feelings about concepts like glory, honour, and courage in the peoples of rohan. rohan is at constant war with the orcs and wild men, and like the dunedain must remain ever alert, guarding against encroaching evil. they believe that death on the battlefield, while sorrowful, is never in vain as long as their acts are remembered. thus the wistful ( and my personal favorite ) bit of tolkien poetry, the lament for eorl the young : where now the horse and the rider? where is the horn that was blowing? where is the helm and the hauberk, and the bright hair flowing? where is the hand on the harpstring, and the red fire glowing? where is the spring and the harvest and the corn growing? they have passed like rain on the mountain, like a wind in the meadow ; the days have gone down in the west behind the hills into shadow. who shall gather the smoke of the dead wood burning, or behold the flowing years from the sea returning? this piece captures tolkien ' s ambivalent feelings about war. the poem on the one hand portrays the magnificence of eorl, resplendent in his war gear and the full flower of his years, using the symbolic language of spring and harvests and growing corn. but the song also mourns his death, asking again and again " where has he gone? " in a question that cannot be answered. eorl ' s passing leaves no trace, like a whisp of smoke. for the living only his memories remain. the riders of rohan remember their dead with songs like these and through the simbelmyne, a small white flower which grows on their graves and tombs. according to the encyclopedia of arda, " simbelmyne is translated as ' evermind ' : a reference to the memories of the dead on whose tombs the flower grew. " tolkien does not take war lightly and the men of rohan, though portrayed in a sympathetic light, are not his ideal. that place is held by faramir, tolkien ' s portrayal of man at his best. faramir sees war with a keen eye, and tells sam and frodo that the high men of numenor, of which he is a descendant, have " fallen " and are becoming like the rohirrim, loving


there are a number of ways of exciting standing waves in ropes and springs using non - commercial vibrators such as loudspeakers, 1 jigsaws, 2 motors, 3 or a simple tuning fork, 4 including the rhythmical shaking of a handheld slinky. we have come up with a very simple and cheap way of exciting stationary waves in a string, which anyone, particularly children, can try at home. it consists of using an electric toothbrush to produce a regular sideways motion that can be easily transmitted to an elastic cord. most suitable for this experiment is the kind of unit that has a metal rod protruding from the front ( see fig. 1, which shows our braun oral - b® ) to which a brush is normally affixed. the ends of the cord are attached to stands. elastic cords that come with some school notebooks work well for this experiment, but a longer cord allows the observation of a larger number of modes. the toothbrush unit is placed near one end of the cord, which is wrapped once around the rod. as the toothbrush vibrates at a fixed frequency, standing waves ( see fig. 2 ) may be tuned by changing the tension of the cord while keeping its length constant. we have found up to five harmonics with a 150 - cm cord. the toothbrush can be connected to a small potentiometer to reduce the dc voltage and hence the frequency of the motor, allowing the tuning of the standing waves with a fixed tension.


the " methane " experiment was proposed during the transcom 2008 meeting in utrecht. the first protocol was discussed during the post - icdc8 transcom meeting in jena, followed by the final protocol in 2010. since then 16 models or model variants have performed the simulations. previous transcom experiments focused on chemically non - reactive species ( sf6, co2, 222rn ). a ch4 intercomparison requires introduction of atmospheric chemistry, which means a significant new model development for the traditional transcom participants. however, to focus on model transport properties, the ch4 chemistry is reduced to offline radical ( oh, o1d, cl ) only, which means the full - chemistry modellers have to scale down chemistry. during discussion at jena, methyl chloroform ( ch3ccl3 ) was included for tracking tropospheric oh abundance in the models, as well as sf6 and 222rn for model transport evaluations. prescribed fluxes are input to a transport model and 20 years of simulation is run with meteorological forcing appropriate for 1988 - 2007. hourly concentrations of all species are output for 280 locations. at 115 locations, species profiles, surface fluxes and meteorological variables are also output. the protocol ( version 7 ). it details the input fluxes, regridding instructions and lists of the output sites and required file formats ( similar to transcom continuous experiment ). instructions are included for accessing the ftp site for downloading input files and uploading model submissions. the model output is freely available for research purposes but please note the " conditions of use ". the data are available in two formats : the original model submissions containing output for all sites. output files can be downloaded from ftp fxp. nies. go. jp ( refer to the protocol files for access information ). in an effort towards ease of access, time series at a subset of surface sites are archived at the wmo world data centre for greenhouse gases ( http : / / gaw. kishou. go. jp / ) publications and presentations patra, p. k., s. houweling, m. krol, p. bousquet, l. bruhwiler, and d. jacob ( 2010 ), protocol for transcom ch4 intercomparison, version 7, april ( available online at transcom. project. asu. edu / pdf / transcom / t4. methane. protocol _ v7. pdf ). patra, p


transcom ch4 intercomparison, version 7, april ( available online at transcom. project. asu. edu / pdf / transcom / t4. methane. protocol _ v7. pdf ). patra, p. k., s. houweling, m. krol, p. bousquet, d. belikov, d. bergmann, h. bian, p. cameron - smith, m. p. chipperfield, k. corbin, a. fortems - cheiney, a. fraser, e. gloor, p. hess, a. ito, s. r. kawa, r. m. law, z. loh, s. maksyutov, l. meng, p. i. palmer, r. g. prinn, m. rigby, r. saito, c. wilson, transcom model simulations of ch4 and related species : linking transport, surface flux and chemical loss with ch4 variability in the troposphere and lower stratosphere, atmos. chem. phys. discuss., submitted, 2011. presentations at the 10th transcom workshop, university of california, berkeley, 2010, ( saturday session ) are available on the transcom - ch4 ftp server at nies. for more information


tri states public radio staff fri september 7, 2012 volcano shoots geyser of water up into space originally published on tue october 9, 2012 10 : 53 am what we have here is a moon — a small one ( slightly wider than the state of arizona ) — circling saturn. if you look closely, you will see a small splay of light at its top, looking like a circular fountain. that ' s because it is a fountain — of sorts. a bunch of volcano - like jets are sending fantastically high geysers of water vapor up into the sky, so high that you can see them in this remarkable print by michael benson, back lit by light bouncing off of saturn. it turns out this moon, called enceladus, is a snowball containing what may be a sea of liquid water, warmed by the squishes and stretches of saturn and other moons that pass nearby ( plus it may have a hot, rocky core. ) all that gravity pushing and pulling on this little ball squeezes the liquid inside so it shoots up through some fissures at the top. nobody knew these fountains were there until the cassini spacecraft flew near enough to enceladus to find them. but now comes the amazing part. water hose in the sky some of that water vapor turns into ice and the crystals fall like snow back onto the moon at a rate of 0. 02 inches a year ; but some ice is thrown so high, it joins a ring around saturn, one of the outer rings, labeled " e. " take a look at this image of the same moon, enceladus — it ' s the dark spot inside the bright flare — getting real close to the e ring. according to sascha kempf of the max planck institute for nuclear physics in heidelberg, this moon is " feeding " water crystals into saturn ' s ring. who knew that a moon could spray ice onto a planetary ring? before these photos were taken, scientists thought teeny meteorites, called micrometeoroids, would slam into saturn ' s moons kicking up dust ( adding to dust from a long exploded moon ) and that ' s how the rings were formed. nobody imagined that the rings would be fed by geysers. but that seems to be what ' s happening to the e ring. according to kempf, the ring will carry those ice nuggets around saturn for an orbit or two, until they meet the moon again and are recaptured. but some crystals just keep circling and circling for 50, maybe


happening to the e ring. according to kempf, the ring will carry those ice nuggets around saturn for an orbit or two, until they meet the moon again and are recaptured. but some crystals just keep circling and circling for 50, maybe 400 years. the e ring is astonishingly thin. its debris is thousands of miles across, but often only 3 meters ( about 9. 3 feet ) high. a giraffe traveling on this ring would poke out like a giant. seeing " true color " michael benson just published his print of water shooting off enceladus from a digital transmission sent by the cassini probe. it appears in his about - to - be published book planetfall : new solar system visions. what cassini saw came back as a batch of digital information — lots of ones and zeroes — which can be turned into black and white images. working from a series of picture fragments that cassini transmits in small batches, michael put them together into a single shot, then chose the hues and levels of light based on what is called " true color, " what a person would see if he happened on the scene. " i believe i was the first to see this sight the way it would appear to an actual visitor, simply by virtue of having logged the time to create the composite image, which is made of 19 raw spacecraft frames, and took several days to composite, " he wrote me. this is the way i like to tour the solar system. find a chair. sit. turn some pages. gaze. wonder. the price isn ' t bad, either.


sept. 19, 2011 – university of utah engineers who built wireless networks that see through walls now are aiming the technology at a new goal : noninvasively measuring the breathing of surgery patients, adults with sleep apnea and babies at risk of sudden infant death syndrome ( sids ). because the technique uses off - the - shelf wireless transceivers similar to those used in home computer networks, “ the cost of this system will be cheaper than existing methods of monitoring breathing, ” says neal patwari, senior author of a study of the new method and an assistant professor of electrical engineering. while he estimates it will be five years until such a product is on the market, patwari says a network of wireless transceivers around a bed can measure breathing rates and alert someone if breathing stops without any tubes or wires connected to the patient. “ we can use this to increase the safety of people who are under sedation after surgery by knowing if they stop breathing, ” he says. “ we also envision a product that parents put around their baby ’ s crib to alert them if the baby stops breathing. it might be useful for babies at risk of sids. ” the american academy of pediatrics says there is “ no evidence that home monitors are effective ” for preventing sids. since 2005, the group has opposed the use of breathing monitors to prevent sids, but has said they “ may be useful in some infants who have had an apparent life - threatening event, ” including some combination of apnea [ abnormal interruptions in breathing ], color change, limpness and choking or gagging. “ the aap recognizes that monitors may be helpful to allow rapid recognition of apnea, airway obstruction, respiratory failure, interruption of supplemental oxygen supply, or failure of mechanical respiratory support, ” the group states. in addition to other possible uses, patwari wants to conduct research with doctors to test his method as an infant - breathing monitor, and, if it proves useful, develop it as a medical device that would need federal approval. he also says it may be useful for adults with sleep apnea, which causes daytime fatigue and impairs a person ’ s performance. sids monitors now on the market include fda - approved medical devices that measure heart rate and respiration and are connected to babies with wires, electrodes and - or belts. other monitors, which are non - medical and over - the - counter versions, detect a lack of sound, or use mattress sensors to detect a lack of movement. patwari


and are connected to babies with wires, electrodes and - or belts. other monitors, which are non - medical and over - the - counter versions, detect a lack of sound, or use mattress sensors to detect a lack of movement. patwari says that with the new method, “ the patient or the baby doesn ’ t have to be connected to tubes or wired to other sensors, so they can be more comfortable while sleeping. if you ’ re wired up, you ’ re going to have more trouble sleeping, which is going to make your recovery in the hospital worse. ” some opposition to sids monitors is based on a fear that parents will depend on monitors instead of following other, more effective medical measures, including always placing babies on their backs to sleep, keeping redundant bedding and soft objects out of the crib, and not having babies share a bed with adults. yet many parents want monitors too. the aap acknowledges “ distribution of home monitors continues to be a substantial industry in the united states. ” new uses for wireless technology wireless technology has become pervasive, from wireless phones to wireless networks linking home computers. in 2009, patwari and then - graduate student joey wilson showed how a couple dozen wireless transceivers – devices that transmit and receive radio signals – could be used to literally see through walls to detect the location of a burglar, people trapped by a fire or hostages held captive inside a building. they formed a university of utah spinoff company, xandem technology llc, which is commercializing the wireless networks for use as motion detectors for burglar alarm systems, to help police locate hostages and even to alert out - of - town, vacationing parents if a crowd of teenagers is partying at their home during their absence. patwari ’ s new study points out pros and cons of adding wireless detection of breathing to the motion - detecting capability. “ a search and rescue team may arrive at a collapsed building and throw transceivers into the rubble, hoping to detect the breathing of anyone still alive inside, ” patwari and colleagues write. “ police or swat teams may deploy a network around a building to determine if people are inside. ” “ on the other hand, the ability to measure breathing from a wireless network has privacy implications, ” they add. “ we have shown previously that a network deployed around external walls of a building can detect and track a person who is moving or changing position. if this system can also detect and monitor a sleeping person ’ s breathing, it would


, ” they add. “ we have shown previously that a network deployed around external walls of a building can detect and track a person who is moving or changing position. if this system can also detect and monitor a sleeping person ’ s breathing, it would have additional utility for eavesdroppers or thieves. ” the study : using wireless transceivers to detect breathing because of efforts to patent the new use of the wireless breathing - detection technology – which has been named breathtaking – patwari is posting his study on the online scientific preprint website arxiv this week before submitting it to a journal for formal publication. patwari conducted the study with wilson ; sai ananthanarayanan, a postdoctoral electrical engineer ; sneha kasera, an associate professor of computer science ; and dwayne westenskow, a professor of anesthesiology and research professor of bioengineering. the research was funded by the national science foundation. in a new study, patwari showed a network of 20 wireless transceivers placed around a hospital bed could reliably detect breathing and estimate breathing rate to within two - fifths of a breath per minute based on 30 seconds of data. this is different than using wireless transmitters to relay measurements from conventional breathing monitors. the motion of the chest and abdomen during breathing impedes the wireless radio signals crisscrossing a bedridden patient, who in the study was patwari himself. each of the 20 transceivers or “ nodes ” can transmit and receive to the other 19, meaning there can be up to 380 measurements ( 20 times 19 ) of radio signal strength within a short period of time ( the transceivers transmit one after the other ). the study was conducted in a clinical room used for research at the university of utah school of medicine ’ s department of anesthesiology. patwari reclined on a hospital bed and listened to a metronome to time his breathing so he inhaled and exhaled 15 times per minute – about the average breathing rate for a resting adult. his breathing was measured two ways : by the experimental wireless network, and by a carbon dioxide monitor connected to his nostrils by tubes. it calculated breathing rate by measuring the amount of carbon dioxide exhaled with each breath. patwari also tested the wireless network with no one in the hospital bed. the study found the wireless network could measure breathing within 0. 4 to 0. 2 breaths per minute, an insignificant error rate given that most breathing monitors round to the nearest breath per minute


also tested the wireless network with no one in the hospital bed. the study found the wireless network could measure breathing within 0. 4 to 0. 2 breaths per minute, an insignificant error rate given that most breathing monitors round to the nearest breath per minute, he says. if a bedridden person or baby moves, the wireless system detects the movement but cannot measure their breathing at the same time. to decide if someone is breathing or not, the wireless system uses a computer algorithm – basically, a set of formulas. patwari says his algorithm squares the amplitude or loudness of the signal on each link between nodes, then averages it over all 380 links. a number larger than 1. 5 indicates breathing has been detected. patwari also measured how many nodes were required to measure breathing accurately. the minimum was 13 nodes or transceivers, while the rate of incorrect breathing measurements fell to zero when 19 nodes were used. the study also showed the height of the nodes around the hospital bed didn ’ t significantly affect breathing measurements. patwari plans more research on whether different or multiple radio frequencies might detect breathing better than the one 2. 4 gigahertz frequency used in the study. he also wants to test whether the system can detect two people breathing at the same rate but not in sync – something that might make it possible to design a system that could detect not only the location of hostages in a building, but the number held together.


resistance mechanisms are employed by bacterial organisms to gain a growth advantage in conditions that impose a tremendous selective pressure, resulting in the materialization of isolates that are resistant to multiple classes of antimicrobials. surveillance systems are commonly used in human medicine to track the frequency and emergence of these strains, and this information is used to implement infection control policies aimed at reducing the number of these organisms. the implementation and sophistication of these monitoring programs in veterinary medicine lags behind the human counterpart. with the increasing prevalence of methicillin - resistant staphyloccus aureus ( mrsa ) in humans, particular emphasis is placed on methicillin - resistant staphylocci ( mrs ) at the osu - vmc. all staphylococcal species isolated during routine microbiological examination are screened for the presence of the meca gene, which defines an isolate as being methicillin - resistant. this gene is carried on the staphylococcal cassette chromosome ( sccmec ), which can be used to help further classify mrs organisms. healthcare - associated methicillin - resistant staphylococcus aureus ( ha - mrsa ) is typically isolated from patients in a healthcare setting, tends to be multidrug resistant, and is usually associated with sccmec types i, ii, or iii. community - associated methicillin - resistant staphylococcus aureus ( ca - mrsa ) is typically isolated from young, healthy individuals with no history of indwelling medical devices, recent visitation to a healthcare facility, or any other risk factors for ha - mrsa. ca - mrsa is usually associated with skin and soft tissue infections, is generally susceptible to multiple antimicrobial classes, contains the panton - valentine leukocidin ( pvl ) gene, and is most often associated with sccmec types iv, v, vi, and vii. additionally, using dna fingerprinting methods, ha - mrsa strains are generally most related to usa types 100, 500, and 800, while ca - mrsa are most related to usa types 300 and 400. bidirectional transmission facilitates the zoonotic potential of these organisms. unlike human medicine, long term veterinary studies are lacking, so little information is available to determine how the prevalence of mrsa and mrsp have changed over time. however, the availability of dna fingerprinting methods such as pfge have facilitated efforts to determine if isolates from separate


viticulture - n. : the cultivation or culture of grapes enology - n. : a science that deals with wine and wine making the v & e department combines the sciences of viticulture and enology in a single research and teaching unit that encompasses all of the scientific disciplines that impact grape growing and winemaking. for over one hundred years the university of california has maintained an active and productive program in research and education in viticulture and enology. the continuing excellence of the department has enabled california growers and vintners to develop practices that have allowed the golden state to achieve its potential and become a premier wine - producing region. uc davis extension short courses the university of california offers many courses to the general public to assist in furthering their educational goal. these courses are offered through the university ' s outreach division uc davis extension. while uc davis extension offers courses for a wide variety of topics, in conjunction with the department of viticulture & enology, they have developed a number of excellent wine making and grape growing classes. within the last few years we have begun to adapt classes so that they may be offered as distance learning courses via the internet. more information on class schedules and requirements can be found on the university extension web site. read more >


| title : | | sticky graphics : creating memorable graphic design using mnemonics and visual hooks | | publisher : | | switzerland : rotovision sa | | issue date : | | 2006 | | additional links : | | http : / / www. wlv. ac. uk / default. aspx? page = 16092 | | abstract : | | the researchers question the ways in which visual factors play a vital role in affecting memory, specifically examining the ways in which the visual language of graphic design plays a vital role in modifying memory. glaser and knight discusses what personal influences and world issues influence memory ( for example family and individual preference ). this research emerges from their interest in mnemonics and the fact that there was a lack of research specifically relating to visual mnemonics within graphic design. the strategies involve interdisciplinary text based research and original research with professionals leading to analysis and synthesis. the book is organized in terms of visual content and its spatial context, the pursuit of emotional response, tactile response and closes with a chapter on metaphor, metonomy and simile. the work is referenced to experienced, professional graphic designers, with examples of visual communication from around the world. the authors collate archive, analyze and present visual examples that demonstrate how visual language can aid memory. glaser ’ s primary focus is on the visual aspects, while knight ’ s is upon linguistic content. | | description : | | glaser and her co - author examine working methodologies, communication strategies, audience comprehension and retention within contemporary visual communication practices. the research focuses on the roles of graphic wit and shock, image, colour and composition, visual figures of speech and the use of materials and processes in the context of creating visual mnemonics. | | appears in collections : | | art, design and creative technology | | files in this item : | there are no files associated with this item. all items in wire are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.