math is all about problem solving. one of the best ways to help children learn math is to present them with a problem in which they have to devise their own strategies to find the solution ( s ). there is usually more than 1 way to solve math problems and children need the opportunity to discover shortcuts and their own algorithms to determine the appropriate solution, they should also justify their solution ( s ). the following math word problems are specific for children in the sixth grade and are divided into the main math cagegories : number concepts, patterns and algebra, geometry and measurement, data management and probability. children should be involved in problem solving activities every day. problems for second grade students should be read to them. students should also be able to describe why their solutions work or how they know it ' s the right solution. my favorite question to children is ' how do you know '. when they have to explain how they arrived at their answer, you immediately know the learning that has taken place. patterns and algebra kelly ' s classroom organized an e - pal club. 11 people joined the club. each of of them sent an email to each of the members of the club. how many emails were actually sent? how do you know? ticket sales for the bake sale were underway. four people bought tickets on the first day of sales, twice as many people bought tickets on the second day and each day afterwards twice as many people bought tickets. how many tickets were sold after 16 days? data management and probability pet parade : mr. james has 14 cats, dogs and guinea pigs. what are all the combinations he could have? how many different types of pizza can you make with the following toppings : pepperoni, tomatoes, bacon, onions and green peppers? show your answer. sam bought 8 ball caps, one for each of her eight friends, for $ 8. 95 each. the cashier charged her an additional $ 12. 07 in sales tax. she left the store with a measely $ 6. 28. how much money did sam start with? geometry and measurement. watch your favorite television show from beginning to end. time each of the commercials and determine the percentage of commercial time for the entire show. now determine the percentage of time the actual show is. what is the fraction of commercials? two squares are beside each other. one square has 6 times the lenght of the other square, how many times greater is the area of the larger square? how do you know?


playing with equations to solve problems date : 09 / 16 / 2003 at 10 : 48 : 13 from : mara subject : to state the geometric property of an equation i need to give the geometric property common to all lines in the family x - ky = 1 i know that the answer is that all lines in this family have an x - intercept at x = 1 but i am totally clueless about showing why this is the case. at first i thought that using the double - intercept equation ( x / a ) + ( y / b ) = 1 would work but i couldn ' t get it in the correct form. then i tried to solve for x and y and got x = 1 + ky and y = ( - 1 / k ) + ( - x / k ) but now i do not know what to do with this. so i was wondering if you knew how to go about solving this? date : 09 / 16 / 2003 at 12 : 28 : 52 from : doctor peterson subject : re : to state the geometric property of an equation hi, mara. i don ' t think there is any method you can use to solve this sort of problem without a lot of thinking and testing. let ' s see how i personally would approach it ( as well as i can construct it, considering that i know the answer already! ). then i ' ll look at some alternative approaches you might take. we have x - ky = 1 and we want to know what property all these lines have in common. probably, since this is an open - ended question and i don ' t expect it to be straightforward, i would start by just " playing " with the equation, getting a feel for how it works by trying a few special cases. i might take k = 0, 1, and - 1 and graph those three lines, x = 1 x - y = 1 x + y = 1 i would find that they all intersect at ( 1, 0 ), and my answer would be that all the lines seem to contain that point. ( in a sense this is a more purely " geometric " property than the x - intercept, since it does not refer to the coordinates. ) then i would want to prove that this is true for all k, to make sure i hadn ' t fooled myself by choosing three cases that happened to intersect. thinking of this as a point shared by all lines in the family, i would prove it by simply substituting x = 1, y = 0 in the general equation : x - ky = 1 1


myself by choosing three cases that happened to intersect. thinking of this as a point shared by all lines in the family, i would prove it by simply substituting x = 1, y = 0 in the general equation : x - ky = 1 1 - k * 0 = 1 is true for all k so ( 1, 0 ) is indeed on all the lines, not just the three i tried. or, i might think of it as a common x - intercept, as you said ; then i would do what you suggested and put the equation into two - intercept form x / a + y / b = 1 that ' s easy ; all it takes is to interpret - ky as y divided by - 1 / k : x / 1 + y / ( - 1 / k ) = 1 so the x - intercept is 1 for all these lines, and the y - intercept is - 1 / k. so my approach is to experiment ( the more adult word for " play "! ) and make a conjecture ( the more adult word for " guess " ), and then prove that conjecture. now, is there any other way you might approach this? if you were really smart ( and i might possibly have done this if i were faced with the equation afresh ), you could just see that the equation looks like the two - intercept form, and gone directly to the proof. if you could do that, fine ; but you can ' t depend on such insight! you might instead just go through each form of the equation, starting probably with slope - intercept, and see whether any important feature ( such as the slope or y - intercept ) is constant. when that failed, it would be hard to move on to the point - slope or two - point form, because you would have to choose the point ( s ), and there is no obvious basis for that choice. so you would probably next try the two - intercept form ( which many studuents never see, so you ' re lucky ). your approach came close. when you solved for x, you just had to look and see that the x - intercept ( the constant in that form ) is always 1. but since that form, the slope - x - intercept form, is little - known, it ' s not surprising that you did not know what to do with it. but i really think that my approach is the most reasonable hope to find the answer quickly. if you have any further questions, feel free to write back. - doctor peterson, the math forum


the physics help forum not working today, at least not from my isp, so this goes here. it ' s basically a math deal anyway : the formula to calculate the force of a point of mass, let ' s call them planets, that results from its being gravitationally attracted by another point of mass is newton ' s : where is the force of the planet that results from the gravitational attraction exerted upon it by the other planet, is newton ' s gravity constant, and are the respecive masses of the planets, and d is the distance between them. for simplicity ' s sake let ' s say all the planets considered are of the same mass, so we can write instead of. now, if i ' m not mistaken, the formula for calculating the force of a planet resulting from the gravitational attraction of more than two planets is : where is the force on the jth planet resulting from the gravitational attraction of the other planets, and is the distance between the jth planet and the kth planet. my question is " where is the vector addition? " that is, when considering the force on one planet that results from the gravitational attraction of many other planets, we have to take into account not only the distance of the other planets from planet j but also their position with respect to it ( right? ). take for example the simple case of three planets in the same plane. planet j is at the origin. planet k is one unit to the right of j on the x axis, while planet l is one unit up the y axis. if the masses all equal 1, then, by the formula above, the force on planet j would be : but is a function of both the distance and the position, right? so we must consider not only the gravitational forces individually exerted upon j by k and l, but also the angle at which these forces are exerted. that is, we must add the vectors. to add vectors you just plug in the x value and y value sums of the added vectors into pythagoras ' formula. the force on planet j should therefore be : ( where is the angle subtended by a line drawn from planet j to planet x. i. e. and ) so, what am i missing here? i am fully aware that i, and not newton, am missing something here. someone please help point this out for me.


the doping - drug epo has an impact in the brain sportsmen and women dope with the blood hormone epo to enhance their performance. researchers from the university of zurich now discovered by animal testing that epo has a performance - enhancing effect in the brain shortly after injection and not only after days by improving oxygen transport in blood. as epo also increases motivation, it could be useful in treating depression. the well - known blood hormone epo is not only used for medicinal purposes ; some athletes misuse it for doping. it boosts the number of red blood cells, thereby increasing the transport of oxygen to the muscles. this leads to improvements in performance, which can especially give endurance athletes such as cyclists or marathon runners the edge. epo has immediate impact on exercise performance in a recently published study, max gassmann, a veterinary physiologist from the university of zurich, proved that epo also drastically increases motivation in the brain as soon as it has been injected, without the number of red blood cells increasing. gassmann ' s team tested exercise performance of differently treated mice, studying genetically modified mice that produce human epo solely in the brain and mice that the researchers had injected with epo and the hormone reached the brain thus by blood. both mouse groups exhibited an increased performance on the treadmill compared to the untreated control animals. " we assume that epo in the brain triggers a motivation boost to increase physical performance, " explains professor gassmann. he and his team are now testing the performance - enhancing effect of epo on volunteers. epo probably has an impact on people ' s moods, too. it might thus be used in patients who suffer from depression. the latest experiments conducted by a german - danish research group reveal that epo can also alleviate the condition of patients suffering from schizophrenia by improving their mental performance. provided by university of zurich - biker ' s warning! erythropoietin hits blood vessels to raise blood pressure in the brain dec 10, 2011 | not rated yet | 0 - a new way to boost red blood cell numbers jan 10, 2008 | not rated yet | 0 - new discovery leaves blood - doping athletes scratching their heads sep 20, 2007 | not rated yet | 0 - memory enhanced by sports - cheat drug sep 09, 2008 | not rated yet | 0 - epo doping helps combat cerebral malaria apr 21, 2011 | not rated yet | 0 - motion perception revisited : high phi effect challenges established motion perception assumptions apr 23, 2013 | 3 / 5 ( 2


09, 2008 | not rated yet | 0 - epo doping helps combat cerebral malaria apr 21, 2011 | not rated yet | 0 - motion perception revisited : high phi effect challenges established motion perception assumptions apr 23, 2013 | 3 / 5 ( 2 ) | 2 - anything you can do i can do better : neuromolecular foundations of the superiority illusion ( update ) apr 02, 2013 | 4. 5 / 5 ( 11 ) | 5 - the visual system as economist : neural resource allocation in visual adaptation mar 30, 2013 | 5 / 5 ( 2 ) | 9 - separate lives : neuronal and organismal lifespans decoupled mar 27, 2013 | 4. 9 / 5 ( 8 ) | 0 - sizing things up : the evolutionary neurobiology of scale invariance feb 28, 2013 | 4. 8 / 5 ( 10 ) | 14 pressure - volume curve : elastic recoil pressure don ' t make sense may 18, 2013 from pressure - volume curve of the lung and chest wall ( attached photo ), i don ' t understand why would the elastic recoil pressure of the lung is... if you became brain - dead, would you want them to pull the plug? may 17, 2013 i ' d want the rest of me to stay alive. sure it ' s a lousy way to live but it beats being all - the - way dead. maybe if i make it 20 years they ' ll... mri bill question may 15, 2013 dear pfers, the hospital gave us a $ 12k bill for one mri ( head with contrast ). the people i talked to at the hospital tell me that they do not... ratio of hydrogen of oxygen in dessicated animal protein may 13, 2013 as an experiment, for the past few months i ' ve been consuming at least one portion of jell - o or unflavored knox gelatin per day. i ' m 64, in very... alcohol and acetaminophen may 13, 2013 edit : sorry for the typo in the title, can ' t edit i looked around on google quite a bit and it ' s very hard to find precise information on the... marie curie ' s leukemia may 13, 2013 does anyone know what might be the cause of marie curie ' s cancer - more from physics forums - medical sciences more news stories a new report suggests that improved health care and significant reductions in drug costs might be attained by breaking up the age - old relationship between physicians


what might be the cause of marie curie ' s cancer - more from physics forums - medical sciences more news stories a new report suggests that improved health care and significant reductions in drug costs might be attained by breaking up the age - old relationship between physicians and drug company representatives who promote the newest,... medications 17 hours ago | 5 / 5 ( 1 ) | 0 federal health regulators say an experimental insomnia drug from merck can help patients fall asleep, but it also carries worrisome side effects, including daytime drowsiness and suicidal thinking. medications 19 hours ago | not rated yet | 0 ( ap ) — former navy secretary richard j. danzig, who has served as a bio - warfare adviser to the president, the pentagon, and the department of homeland security, urged the government to stockpile an anti - anthrax drug while... medications may 20, 2013 | 5 / 5 ( 1 ) | 0 europe ' s medicines watchdog said friday the benefits of acne drug diane - 35, also widely used as a contraceptive, outweigh the risk of developing blood clots in the veins — when correctly prescribed. medications may 17, 2013 | not rated yet | 0 singapore ' s agency for science, technology and research ( a * star ) and switzerland ' s cytos biotechnology ag today announced that the first healthy volunteer has been dosed in a phase 1 clinical trial with their... medications may 17, 2013 | 5 / 5 ( 1 ) | 1 each day, an average of nine people are killed in the united states and more than 1, 000 injured by drivers doing something other than driving. 7 minutes ago | not rated yet | 0 ( medical xpress ) — we spend about a third of our life asleep, but why we need to do so remains a mystery. in a recent publication, researchers at university of surrey and university college london suggest a new hypothesis,... 2 minutes ago | not rated yet | 0 johns hopkins researchers say they have discovered specific chemical alterations in two genes that, when present during pregnancy, reliably predict whether a woman will develop postpartum depression. 2 hours ago | not rated yet | 0 | a nobel prize - winning scientist tuesday played down " shock - horror scenarios " that a new virus strain will emerge with the potential to kill millions of people. 1 hour ago | 5 / 5 ( 1 ) | 0 ( medical xpress ) — a three - year multinational study has tracked and detailed the progression of huntington ' s disease ( hd )


cancer debate : are tumors fueled by stem cells? how can a cancer come back after it ' s apparently been eradicated? three new studies from american, belgian, british and dutch researchers are bolstering a long - debated idea : that tumors contain their own pool of stem cells that can multiply and keep fueling the cancer, seeding regrowth. if that ' s true, scientists will need to find a way to kill those cells, apart from how they attack the rest of the tumor. stem cells in healthy tissues are known for their ability to produce any kind of cell. the new research deals with a different kind, cancer stem cells. some researchers, but not all, believe they lurk as a persisting feature in tumors. over the past decade, studies have found evidence for them in tumors like breast and colon cancers. but this research has largely depended on transplanting human cancer cells into mice that don ' t have immune systems, an artificial environment that raises questions about the relevance of the results. now, three studies reported online wednesday in the journals nature and science present evidence for cancer stem cells within the original tumors. again, the research relies on mice. that and other factors mean the new findings still won ' t convince everyone that cancer stem cells are key to finding more powerful treatments. but researcher luis parada, of the university of texas southwestern medical center in dallas, believes his team is onto something. he says that for the type of brain tumor his team studied, " we ' ve identified the true enemy. " if his finding applies to other cancers, he said, then even if chemotherapy drastically shrinks a tumor but doesn ' t affect its supply of cancer stem cells, " very little progress has actually been made. " the three studies used labeling techniques to trace the ancestry of cells within mouse tumors. collectively, they give " very strong support " to the cancer stem cell theory, said jeffrey m. rosen, a professor of molecular and cellular biology at baylor college of medicine in houston. he did not participate in the work but supports the theory, which he said is widely accepted. parada ' s team worked with mice genetically primed to develop a certain type of brain tumor. the scientists genetically labeled particular cells in the tumor and then attacked the cancer with the same drug given to human patients. it kills growing tumor cells and temporarily stops the cancer ' s growth. after treatment, when the tumor started growing again in the mice, the researchers showed that the vast majority, if not all, of its new cells had descended


given to human patients. it kills growing tumor cells and temporarily stops the cancer ' s growth. after treatment, when the tumor started growing again in the mice, the researchers showed that the vast majority, if not all, of its new cells had descended from the labeled cells. apparently these were the tumor ' s cancer stem cells, they concluded. parada said his team is now trying to isolate cancer stem cells from mouse brain cancers to study them and perhaps get some leads for developing therapies to eradicate them. he also said that preliminary study of human brain tumors is producing results consistent with what his team found in the mice. parada ' s study appears in nature. in a second nature report, british and belgian researchers found evidence for cancer stem cells in early stage skin tumors in mice. and in the journal science, a dutch group found such evidence in mouse intestinal polyps, which are precursors to colon cancer. scott kern of the sidney kimmel comprehensive cancer center at johns hopkins university in baltimore is skeptical about whether tumors contain cancer stem cells. he said that since the new studies didn ' t involve human tumors, it ' s not clear how relevant they are to people. the two european studies focused largely on lesions that can lead to tumors, he said. and as for parada ' s brain cancer study, he said he believed the results could be explained without relying on the cancer stem cell theory. copyright 2012 the associated press. all rights reserved. this material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed. - study suggests new treatment target for glioblastoma multiforme aug 01, 2012 | not rated yet | 0 - cancer stem cell vaccine in development shows antitumor effect apr 02, 2012 | not rated yet | 0 - herceptin targets breast cancer stem cells jul 09, 2008 | not rated yet | 0 - new role for vascular endothelial growth factor in regulating skin cancer stem cells oct 19, 2011 | not rated yet | 0 - stem cells, potential source of cancer - fighting t cells sep 20, 2011 | not rated yet | 0 - motion perception revisited : high phi effect challenges established motion perception assumptions apr 23, 2013 | 3 / 5 ( 2 ) | 2 - anything you can do i can do better : neuromolecular foundations of the superiority illusion ( update ) apr 02, 2013 | 4. 5 / 5 ( 11 ) | 5 - the visual system as economist : neural resource allocation in visual adaptation mar 30, 2013 | 5 /


better : neuromolecular foundations of the superiority illusion ( update ) apr 02, 2013 | 4. 5 / 5 ( 11 ) | 5 - the visual system as economist : neural resource allocation in visual adaptation mar 30, 2013 | 5 / 5 ( 2 ) | 9 - separate lives : neuronal and organismal lifespans decoupled mar 27, 2013 | 4. 9 / 5 ( 8 ) | 0 - sizing things up : the evolutionary neurobiology of scale invariance feb 28, 2013 | 4. 8 / 5 ( 10 ) | 14 pressure - volume curve : elastic recoil pressure don ' t make sense may 18, 2013 from pressure - volume curve of the lung and chest wall ( attached photo ), i don ' t understand why would the elastic recoil pressure of the lung is... if you became brain - dead, would you want them to pull the plug? may 17, 2013 i ' d want the rest of me to stay alive. sure it ' s a lousy way to live but it beats being all - the - way dead. maybe if i make it 20 years they ' ll... mri bill question may 15, 2013 dear pfers, the hospital gave us a $ 12k bill for one mri ( head with contrast ). the people i talked to at the hospital tell me that they do not... ratio of hydrogen of oxygen in dessicated animal protein may 13, 2013 as an experiment, for the past few months i ' ve been consuming at least one portion of jell - o or unflavored knox gelatin per day. i ' m 64, in very... alcohol and acetaminophen may 13, 2013 edit : sorry for the typo in the title, can ' t edit i looked around on google quite a bit and it ' s very hard to find precise information on the... marie curie ' s leukemia may 13, 2013 does anyone know what might be the cause of marie curie ' s cancer - more from physics forums - medical sciences more news stories older prostate cancer patients with other underlying health conditions should think twice before committing to surgery or radiation therapy for their cancer, according to a multicenter study led by researchers in the ucla... cancer 11 hours ago | not rated yet | 0 | intensity - modulated radiation therapy has become the most commonly used type of radiation in prostate cancer, but research from the university of north carolina suggests that the therapy may not be more effective than older


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research finds novel airborne germ - killing oral spray effective in fighting colds and flu university hospitals case medical center clinical researchers will present findings about a one - two punch to prevent colds and flu in san francisco at the interscience conference on antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy ( icaac ) on september 9, 2012. the research team is presenting data in two poster presentations that a new oral antiseptic spray is effective in killing 99. 9 percent of infectious airborne germs. findings from these two presentations led to the development of halo oral antiseptic, a first - of - its kind germ - fighting spray which is currently on store shelves. " respiratory tract disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world, " says frank esper, md, infectious disease expert at uh rainbow babies & children ' s hospital and lead author of one of the studies. " yet there has been limited progress in the prevention of respiratory virus infections. halo is unique in that it offers protection from airborne germs such as influenza and rhinovirus. " dr. esper and a team of researchers used glycerine and xanthan gum as a microbial barrier combined with cetylpyridinium chloride ( cpc ) as a broad - spectrum anti - infective agent to fight respiratory illnesses. to test this, clinical strains of 2009 pandemic h1n1 were used as a prototype virus to demonstrate halo ' s anti - infective activity in cell culture assays. " the glycerine and xanthan gum prevent the germs from entering a person ' s system and the cpc kills the germs once they ' re trapped there, " explains dr. esper, who is also associate professor at case western reserve university school of medicine. dr. esper will present his findings that halo will have clear benefit to aid against infection and reduce disease from epidemic, sporadic or pandemic respiratory viral infections, particularly helping people at risk for severe respiratory illness including immune - compromised individuals with chronic lung disease, and military personnel. another study on halo will be presented by mahmoud ghannoum, phd, of uh case medical center, showing halo ' s effectiveness against disease - causing pathogenic germs. the presentation asserts that respiratory and / or systemic infections through airborne and manually transmitted pathogenic microbes often enter the system through the mouth, making halo, an oral spray that targets these pathogens, an effective way to prevent infections. additionally, preliminary data from the


asserts that respiratory and / or systemic infections through airborne and manually transmitted pathogenic microbes often enter the system through the mouth, making halo, an oral spray that targets these pathogens, an effective way to prevent infections. additionally, preliminary data from the researchers found that halo completely kills all 11 clinical strains of whooping cough ( bordetella pertussis ) against which the spray was tested. the results showed that when a person used three sprays of halo, it destroyed airborne germs breathed in for up to six hours, even when people were eating and drinking. the concept of coating the back of the oral cavity to prevent germs from entering and then providing sustained antiseptic action to kill airborne germs was developed by a cleveland company, oasis consumer healthcare. " exposure to airborne germs is inevitable – especially in crowded environments and when traveling, " said dr. ghannoum, who is also the director of the center for medical mycology at case western reserve university school of medicine. " unlike other products that support the immune system or protect from germs on surfaces or hands, halo is the first and only product of its kind to offer protection from airborne germs. " provided by university hospitals case medical center - new study finds resistant organisms at core of soft contact lens corneal infections jan 28, 2008 | not rated yet | 0 - give dirty mouths a brush apr 13, 2010 | not rated yet | 0 - sharing musical instruments means sharing germs may 12, 2011 | not rated yet | 0 - new aids - like disease in asians, not contagious aug 22, 2012 | not rated yet | 0 - bus, tram passengers warned to keep germs to themselves jan 18, 2011 | not rated yet | 0 - motion perception revisited : high phi effect challenges established motion perception assumptions apr 23, 2013 | 3 / 5 ( 2 ) | 2 - anything you can do i can do better : neuromolecular foundations of the superiority illusion ( update ) apr 02, 2013 | 4. 5 / 5 ( 11 ) | 5 - the visual system as economist : neural resource allocation in visual adaptation mar 30, 2013 | 5 / 5 ( 2 ) | 9 - separate lives : neuronal and organismal lifespans decoupled mar 27, 2013 | 4. 9 / 5 ( 8 ) | 0 - sizing things up : the evolutionary neurobiology of scale invariance feb 28, 2013 | 4. 8 / 5 ( 10 ) | 14 classical


decoupled mar 27, 2013 | 4. 9 / 5 ( 8 ) | 0 - sizing things up : the evolutionary neurobiology of scale invariance feb 28, 2013 | 4. 8 / 5 ( 10 ) | 14 classical and quantum mechanics via lie algebras apr 15, 2011 i ' d like to open a discussion thread for version 2 of the draft of my book ' ' classical and quantum mechanics via lie algebras ' ', available online at http : / / lanl. arxiv. org / abs / 0810. 1019, and for the... - more from physics forums - independent research more news stories no new human cases of the h7n9 virus have been recorded in china for a week, national health authorities said, for the first time since the outbreak began in march. diseases, conditions, syndromes 33 minutes ago | not rated yet | 0 a nobel prize - winning scientist tuesday played down " shock - horror scenarios " that a new virus strain will emerge with the potential to kill millions of people. diseases, conditions, syndromes 51 minutes ago | 5 / 5 ( 1 ) | 0 bacteria resistant to the antibiotic colistin are also commonly resistant to antimicrobial substances made by the human body, according to a study in mbio, the online open - access journal of the american society for microb... diseases, conditions, syndromes 5 hours ago | 5 / 5 ( 1 ) | 0 ( ap ) — federal investigators probing the hantavirus outbreak blamed for three deaths at yosemite national park recommend that design changes to tent cabins and other lodging run by private concessionaires first be reviewed... diseases, conditions, syndromes 11 hours ago | not rated yet | 0 a new diagnostic test for a worm infection that can lead to severe enlargement and deformities of the legs and genitals is far more sensitive than the currently used test, according to results of a field... diseases, conditions, syndromes 12 hours ago | not rated yet | 0 | ( medical xpress ) — a three - year multinational study has tracked and detailed the progression of huntington ' s disease ( hd ), predicting clinical decline in people carrying the hd gene more than 10 years before... 44 seconds ago | not rated yet | 0 1 hour ago | not rated yet | 0 | ( medical xpress ) — a research team, led by jeremy barr, a biology post - doctoral fellow, unveils a new


news tagged with renewable energy related topics : energy, wind turbines, electricity, solar panels, fossil fuels renewable energy is energy generated from natural resources — such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat — which are renewable ( naturally replenished ). in 2006, about 18 % of global final energy consumption came from renewables, with 13 % coming from traditional biomass, such as wood - burning. hydroelectricity was the next largest renewable source, providing 3 % of global energy consumption and 15 % of global electricity generation. wind power is growing at the rate of 30 percent annually, with a worldwide installed capacity of 121, 000 megawatts ( mw ) in 2008, and is widely used in european countries and the united states. the annual manufacturing output of the photovoltaics industry reached 6, 900 mw in 2008, and photovoltaic ( pv ) power stations are popular in germany and spain. solar thermal power stations operate in the usa and spain, and the largest of these is the 354 mw segs power plant in the mojave desert. the world ' s largest geothermal power installation is the geysers in california, with a rated capacity of 750 mw. brazil has one of the largest renewable energy programs in the world, involving production of ethanol fuel from sugar cane, and ethanol now provides 18 percent of the country ' s automotive fuel. ethanol fuel is also widely available in the usa. while most renewable energy projects and production is large - scale, renewable technologies are also suited to small off - grid applications, sometimes in rural and remote areas, where energy is often crucial in human development. kenya has the world ' s highest household solar ownership rate with roughly 30, 000 small ( 20 – 100 watt ) solar power systems sold per year. some renewable energy technologies are criticised for being intermittent or unsightly, yet the renewable energy market continues to grow. climate change concerns coupled with high oil prices, peak oil and increasing government support are driving increasing renewable energy legislation, incentives and commercialization. new government spending, regulation, and policies should help the industry weather the 2009 economic crisis better than many other sectors. this text uses material from wikipedia and is available under the gnu free documentation license.


breast cancer represents one of the most common cancers among women in the united states. data indicates that more than 180, 000 american women received a diagnosis of breast cancer in 2009. the various risk factors include : the female gender, heredity, genetic factors, aging and idiopathic causes. what you should know about breast cancer the short answer to what you should know about breast cancer is that it ’ s a malignant tumor in the breast tissue. with non - invasive breast cancer, the tumor stays localized and does not spread ( metastasize ) from its origin of growth. experts refer to this as “ carcinoma in situ ”. the tumor occurs in and remains confined to the ducts ( ductal carcinoma in situ ) or confined to the lobules ( lobular carcinoma in situ ). “ duct ” and “ lobules ” refer to the milk duct and the milk producing glands, respectively, in the mammary glands. most breast cancers start in the ducts and spread to other tissues. lobular carcinoma doesn ’ t meet the criteria of a true cancer by itself, but is a marker for many other types of cancer – both invasive and non - invasive. an invasive tumor spreads beyond its area of origin and can have three different stages of invasiveness – localized, regional and distant stages. as the names suggest localized types include those which remain localized to the breast tissues, the regional stage refers to the spread of the tumor to the tissues surrounding the breast ( e. g. – lymph nodes ) and the distant tumors are those that spread away from the breast to other tissues and organs. needless to mention, patients with distant tumors are not easily managed. about breast cancer stages doctors base breast cancer stages on the tumor size, nodal status ( involvement of lymph nodes ) and degree of spread ( metastasis ) tumors are grouped into 5 stages – 0 to iv. stage zero means the carcinoma cells confined to the duct or lobule and has not spread elsewhere. this is the foremost stage of breast cancer. in stage i the tumor is very small – less than or equal to 2 cm in diameter and is confined to an area in the breast, not spread to the lymph nodes or surrounding tissues. in stage ii, the tumor grows to 1 - 2 inches in diameter and cancer cells appear at the lymph nodes. sometimes the tumor is even bigger than 5cms, but the lymph nodes remain unaffected. in stage iii,


. in stage ii, the tumor grows to 1 - 2 inches in diameter and cancer cells appear at the lymph nodes. sometimes the tumor is even bigger than 5cms, but the lymph nodes remain unaffected. in stage iii, the tumor grows more than 5 cm and spreads to the lymph nodes and sometimes even to multiple lymph nodes, skin and chest wall. stage iv is the last one and in this case the cancer spreads to somewhere else in the body. diagnostic tests for breast cancer a biopsy of the tumor determines the type of cancer. this enables the doctors to freeze on the treatment methods and also to figure out how quickly the cancer might grow. the hormone receptor status and her2 status of the patient is also of prime importance to the doctors, because female hormones estrogen and progesterone play a vital role in the development of some cancer types. “ er + ” and “ pr + ” are, respectively, estrogen receptor positive and progesterone receptor positive tumors. hormonal therapy has been found to be beneficial in patients with such tumors. her2 status also influences the mode of treatment. therapy and treatment of breast cancer the most widely used breast cancer treatment methods include mastectomy and lumpectomy procedures. the former refers to the removal of the entire affected breast through surgery and the latter refers to the removal of only the tumor and some surrounding tissues believed to contain the roots of the tumor. as is the case with most cancer types, the cancer cells in breast cancer are too tiny for detection and doctors cannot rule out the chances that some cells will remain in the body, even after a successful surgery. the leftover cells can cause recurrence. to rule out recurrence adjuvant therapies are advised. such therapies include : - hormonal therapy - targeted biological therapy in chemotherapy, the oncology health care team will administer a chemical to the patient ( usually intravenously, but sometimes orally ) to disrupt communication and growth of the cancerous cells. hormonal therapy involves dosing the patient with a drug that works to bring down the estrogen levels or reduce its action. experts believe estrogen promotes growth in some tumors. in targeted biological therapy, doctors inject the body with monoclonal antibodies trained to recognize and destroy certain proteins and cells ( the cancerous cells ) through phagocytosis ( mechanism of destruction through immune system ). how to cope with breast cancer it ’ s important that breast cancer patients get rid of the


the oregon trail opened the way west for intrepid settlers and enterprising miners. once it was well established and the roads were cleared and expanded, once towns had grown up along the route and locations in the rockies and further west were settled, it was only natural that a new method of transportation would take over : stagecoaches. the technology behind stagecoaches wasn ’ t new. carriages were the primary form of mass transportation in the pre - locomotive age. what made stagecoaches different from regular carriages were their size and the way they were supported on the wheel frame. rather than relying on springs, which jostled a rider up and down, stagecoaches made use of thoroughbraces, leather straps that supported the body of the stagecoach and gave it more of a rocking motion. stagecoaches could generally fit nine passengers inside and six outside. inside, as you can probably guess, meant that passengers traveled inside the body of the coach. they would ride on three benches, two facing forward and the foremost one facing backwards, three riders to a bench. as you can imagine, it was a tight squeeze. passengers in the first two benches would often have to wedge their knees between one another to make room. they would carry their baggage and often have mail under their feet. but if that wasn ’ t bad enough, the six passengers riding outside of the carriage would be just as cramped and exposed to the elements. but what passengers lost in comfort, they made up for in speed. the most common type of stagecoach was the concord stagecoach, manufactured in concord, new hampshire. these stagecoaches rarely broke down. they were drawn by a team of six horses and could cut through the new roadways of the west much faster than any wagon train ever could. this is part of the reason that almost all stagecoaches carried mail as well as passengers. more than just mail, in fact. it was common for stagecoaches to carry gold and cash being transported on behalf of one bank or another. this, of course, meant that there was a real danger of robberies along the road. the first major stagecoach robbery in california took place in 1852 when reelfoot williams and his gang robbed a nevada city coach. the gang had set up a network of informants to monitor when stages were coming and what money and passengers they were carrying. they carried off the heist, setting a precedent that many would follow. for that reason, and because of the very real threat of attacks by native americans, passengers were advised to carry guns and knives with them and drivers were well


they were carrying. they carried off the heist, setting a precedent that many would follow. for that reason, and because of the very real threat of attacks by native americans, passengers were advised to carry guns and knives with them and drivers were well armed. so, you might ask yourself. who was in charge of all these stagecoaches? you probably already know the answer without knowing it. there were several stagecoach companies in the east that had been in operation even before the 19th century. but one of the biggest and most successful companies developed in the 1830s as a service to deliver packages between boston, new york, and philadelphia. adams & company gradually moved west as steamships replaced overland routes for fast transportation between the major eastern cities. adams & company did well in california after the gold rush, until mismanagement and the emergence of a serious competitor changed everything. that competitor was a little company started by two men, henry wells and william g. fargo. the company that wells and fargo started offered more than just stagecoach service. it offered banking and mail services as well. in fact, by the time the 1850s rolled around, wells fargo was widely known to be faster and more reliable about delivering the mail than the u. s. postal service. then came the panic of 1855. the california banking system, puffed up on speculation of continued profits from the gold rush, collapsed. many businesses, including adams & company, folded. but wells fargo managed to hold on. not only did it hold on, it emerged as one of the only viable options in stagecoach transportation. since wells fargo pretty much had a monopoly on stagecoach transportation in the west after 1855, they could make the rules. and some of those rules were : abstinence from liquor is requested, but if you must drink share the bottle. to do otherwise makes you appear selfish and unneighborly. if ladies are present, gentlemen are urged to forego smoking cigars and pipes as the odor of same is repugnant to the gentler sex. chewing tobacco is permitted, but spit with the wind, not against it. gentlemen must refrain from the use of rough language in the presence of ladies and children. buffalo robes are provided for your comfort in cold weather. hogging robes will not be tolerated and the offender will be made to ride with the driver. don ’ t snore loudly while sleeping or use your fellow passenger ’ s shoulder for a pillow ; he or she may not understand and friction may result. firearms may be kept on your person for use in emergencies


a machine for turning, that is, for shaping articles of wood, metal, or other material, by causing them to revolve while acted upon by a cutting tool. basically, a machine that fashions work by making the work turn on an axis. the cutting is done by a tool that is not rotating. on wood lathes the wood usually turns between the headstock and the tailstock. the turner holds the tool by hand and moves it to cut various shapes on the wood. on metal lathes the work ( whatever material is being fashioned ) turns and the tool is held rigid whilst the operator moves the tool using hand wheels. lathes are very versatile, come in a myriad of styles, and many contradict the above definitions. wood can be cut in any metal lathe and soft metals can usually be cut on wood lathes. a machine that is used for working metals and plastics by rotating about the horizontal axis against a tool that shapes it. a machine that spins timber, this makes it unique as all other power tools move whilst the timber remains static. a lathes is a machine which holds a piece of wood or metal between two centers and turns it so the work can be shaped by hand - held " turning chisels. " foot operated or hand cranked. a machine designed to center a piece of wood on an axis : as it turns, the woodturner can cut into the wood to create symmetrical objects. a machine that hold a piece of metal or wood and turns it rapidly against a cutting tool for shaping finally, he used a lathe to shape the wooden bowl. a machine on which logs are peeled to yield veneer for plywood. machine tool for shaping metal or wood ; the workpiece turns about a horizontal axis against a fixed tool a common tool used in machining a machine for changing the shape of a piece of wood, metal, etc a machine for use in working metal or wood which holds the material and rotates it against a tool that shapes it a machine in which a piece of wood is rotated around a fixed axis while being shaped by a fixed tool a machine that cuts away small amounts of the comm to restore it to a trued state a machine that holds the wood on a rapidly spinning axis a machine that rotates a piece of wood to create a uniform circular design when the wood is cut with a chisel a machine that turns metal, wood, etc a machine tool for shaping metal or other material a machine tool, specifically designed to help in the a machine tool that generates


of wood to create a uniform circular design when the wood is cut with a chisel a machine that turns metal, wood, etc a machine tool for shaping metal or other material a machine tool, specifically designed to help in the a machine tool that generates circular sections by rotating the job around an axis and cutting it with a tool a machine tool that removes unwanted material from a cylindrical work piece by rotating it against a cutting tool a machine tool used to produce mechanical parts with cylindrical features a machine used for shaping parts a machine used for turning wood, metal and other materials by rotating the article against tools which cut it to shape a machine used to turn rounded objects a marvelous tool an ancient tool that was used by the egyptians, greeks, romans, and other ancient and medieval peoples an object created by revolving a spline curve, which determines the contour of the shape, around an axis a power tool that spins the wheel around and slowly shapes it until all the sides are the same a tool for making round things a tool used to create objects with cylindrical symmetry such as table legs a very easy to make primitive tool a machine for shaping a piece of wood, metal, etc. by holding and turning it rapidly against the edge of the cutting tool. a tool, usually free standing, for turning a piece while tools are held against it. typically several feet long and about a foot wide. different lathes are used for wood or metal ( or glass ) pieces. a lathe commonly has a headstock that grips the piece and has gears and a motor drive for turning the piece and a tailstock that guides the other end of long pieces. most lathes allow working a piece held only at the headstock, as for making bowl shaped pieces. the tailstock is normally mounted on rails ( the bed ) so it can be moved accurately to different distances while remaining centered on the headstock. a wood lathe will have a tool rest to help guide the handheld tools along the piece while a metal lathe will have a solid tool holder with screw adjustments to withstand the increased force. glass lathes are used to join medium and large diameter tubing for scientific glass work, keeping two tubes aligned as heat is applied all around the joint. rev. 2003 - 02 - 27 a lathe is used for turning materials like wood and bone when they are being worked. a machine tool by which work is rotated on a horizontal axis and shaped or cut by a fixed tool. a machine which derives its usefulness by rotating stock against which tooling may be brought to bear. springs


and bone when they are being worked. a machine tool by which work is rotated on a horizontal axis and shaped or cut by a fixed tool. a machine which derives its usefulness by rotating stock against which tooling may be brought to bear. springs are often wound on a lathe. power tool, which is used to turn wood or metal objects so that cutting tools may shape it while it, rotates. machine for shaping turned parts by the application of cutting edges against the revolving wood. a lathe is a machine tool which spins a block of material to perform various operations such as cutting, sanding, knurling, drilling, or deformation with tools that are applied to the workpiece to create an object which has symmetry about an axis of rotation. in 3 d computer graphics, a lathed object is a 3d model whose vertex geometry is produced by rotating the points of a spline or other point set around a fixed axis. the lathing may be partial ; the amount of rotation is not necessarily a full 360 degrees. the point set providing the initial source data can be thought of as a cross section through the object. a metal lathe is generic description for a rigid machine tool designed to remove material from a workpiece, through the action of a cutting tool. they were originally designed to machine metals however with the advent of plastics and other materials, and with their inherent versatility, they are used in a wide range of applications, and a broad range of materials.


venerated from the early centuries of christianity, saint christopher — whose name means " christ - bearer " — was honored as the protector of travelers. according to " the golden legend, " christopher ferried a small child across a river. as he did so, the child ' s weight grew increasingly heavy. when christopher complained that it seemed as if he had carried the weight of the world, the child replied, " wonder not, christopher, for not only has thou borne the whole world upon thy shoulders, but him who created the world. for i am christ thy king. " in this imposing statuette - reliquary, christopher strides through the water, twisting as he turns to look at the christ child, who holds an orb in reference to his dominion. the small leaves sprouting from the top of christopher ' s staff are a harbinger of the miracle promised by christ — that if the saint, upon his return home, planted the staff in the ground, it would bear leaves and fruit in the morning. the hallmarks stamped on the hem of the saint ' s cloak and on the statue ' s base indicate that this piece was made by a goldsmith in toulouse. the reliquary, excellently preserved, reveals a masterful treatment of the material. the soft, rich folds of the saint ' s cloak belie their metal substance. the ungilded surfaces of the faces are framed by the crisp design of the hair. the engraving of the short curls of the christ child, the hair and flowing beard of the saint, and the fish in the turbulent water are accented by the juxtaposition of large areas of silver with bright flashes of gilding. a now - lost relic of the saint was placed in the small box covered with crystal on the statue ' s base, through which the relic could be seen.


halloween blackout of ' 57 spurs creation of portable pacemakerby lorna benson, minnesota public radio fifty years ago a massive halloween blackout disrupted power across a highly populated section of minnesota and western wisconsin. people from st. cloud to faribault, the twin cities and eau claire had no electricity for up to three hours. for most, the outage was simply inconvenient. but for a few young heart patients connected to pacemakers it was life - threatening. the blackout did spur the creation the first portable, battery - powered pacemaker. minneapolis, minn. — at the university of minnesota hospital 50 years ago, surgeons had recently started using pacemakers to help children recover from heart surgery. the devices plugged into a wall socket, so when the power went out in patients ' rooms, their pacemakers stopped working too. it ' s hard to piece together exactly what it was like at the hospital during the blackout. but what can be gleaned from old newspaper accounts paints a frenzied picture, according to historian jack norton. " they had police officers pull up to the side of the surgery suites and simply turn on their headlights to provide light for the surgeons, " says norton. " they scrambled to try and keep blood cold by grabbing ice from various coolers to stick in the blood refrigerator. " norton dug up dozens of newspaper stories about the blackout while doing research for medtronic. he says the articles show that the university hospital had no reason to suspect it was vulnerable to a power failure because it was connected to two different power plants. " they thought if one of them went down, the other would provide them with electricity, " says norton. but this was a rolling blackout that took down plants all across the power grid. no one anticipated that happening, norton says. " it ' s a nightmare scenario and there ' s a certain amount of irony that it happens on halloween, that this nightmare in critical care happens on the day when we all know it ' s famed for scary happenings. " probably the scariest place to be that morning was the children ' s cardiac recovery unit. a number of young kids were connected to pacemakers after undergoing heart surgery. when the power went off, doctors scrambled to find drugs to keep their patients hearts pumping. still, one child didn ' t survive the three hour ordeal. the trauma of that event rattled pioneering university of minnesota heart surgeon c. walter lillehei. the next day in the hospital hallway lillehei flagged down earl bakken, an electrical engineer who


, one child didn ' t survive the three hour ordeal. the trauma of that event rattled pioneering university of minnesota heart surgeon c. walter lillehei. the next day in the hospital hallway lillehei flagged down earl bakken, an electrical engineer who spent a lot of his time collaborating with university surgeons on new medical devices. bakken had just started medtronic a few years earlier and was still running the company out of his garage. bakken says lillehei was clearly troubled about the blackout. " we got together and talked about it and said we have to have some way to back these pacemakers up when there ' s a power failure, " bakken said in a recent interview. lillehei asked bakken if he could create a portable pacemaker that ran on a battery. " so we talked about well how do we do that? how do we get the battery backup?, " says bakken. " and i said, ' well, we ' ll take a six volt automobile battery and then use an inverter to convert the six volts to 115 volts to run the pacemaker. ' " bakken and a his employees built the device. bakken says it would have worked fine, but the car battery produced more power than he needed for his pacemaker. so he started looking for alternatives. then he remembered an article he had read in his popular electronics magazine. it was about a new circuit for a metronome. " a metronome has the same rates as heart rates, " says bakken. the metronome circuit also had the advantage of being much smaller. bakken ' s invention fit in a box about the size of a small paperback book, which meant the pacemaker could be placed in the bed with the patient, rather than on a medical cart next to the bed. bakken took his new invention to the university of minnesota and tested it out on a laboratory dog that had been given an artificial heart block. " and i said, ' okay now. this seems to work, so i ' ll go back to my garage and make a pacemaker we can use on humans, ' " says bakken. but he never got the chance. when bakken returned to the hospital the next day, he saw his invention being used in the recovery room. " there was a child in there with this pacemaker connected to him... what a great feeling that is to see here ' s something we made with our own hands keeping this child alive. " still bakken wasn


in the recovery room. " there was a child in there with this pacemaker connected to him... what a great feeling that is to see here ' s something we made with our own hands keeping this child alive. " still bakken wasn ' t convinced his portable pacemaker was really ready for human use. he sought out lillehei and asked him why he didn ' t wait for the human version of the machine. " and he said well as long as this battery operated pacemaker was available he wasn ' t going to risk losing another child to a power failure. " bakken says it was probably inevitable that a portable pacemaker would have been invented in the 1950 ' s even if he hadn ' t created the device. surgeons at the time were making remarkable advances in treating heart conditions. he says the halloween blackout simply highlighted the urgency in developing new medical technologies as fast as possible. it ' s a trend that continues today. modern pacemakers have advanced considerably in the past 50 years. they ' re still battery operated. but they ' re much smaller. they fit in the palm of your hand. and they ' re no longer a piece of excess body baggage. they are implanted directly into a patient ' s chest, making it much easier for patients to lead normal lives. - morning edition, 10 / 31 / 2007, 7 : 20 a. m.


due : monday may 13, 2013 as we have discussed in class, elijah is surrounded by an aura of mystery : we know nothing of his parentage ; his tribe of origin and birthplace are unknown ( though he is identified as a “ resident of gilead ” ) ; we are ignorant about his early life and call to prophecy ; he travels widely, performs miracles, and of greatest importance, defies a conventional death, ascending to heaven in a fiery chariot instead. approximately four centuries after elijah ’ s strange prophetic career came to a close, the prophet malachi believed he would return to earth to fulfill another divine mission : “ behold, i will send the prophet elijah to you before the coming of the awesome, fearful day of the lord. he shall reconcile parents with children, and children with their parents, so that, when i come, i do not strike the whole land with utter destruction ” ( malachi 3 : 23 - 24 ). later on in rabbinic literature and folk legends, elijah would take on a mythical role as the prophet who wanders the world generation after generation, protecting the weak and disadvantaged, humbling the arrogant who persecute the powerless. capable of any disguise, he travels unrecognized through crowds of people, mysteriously appearing when needed and then just as mysteriously disappearing, revealing his identity on rare occasions only. it is fair to say that elijah has captured the religious imagination of jews as few other figures have. the final project for 8th grade tanakh will focus on elijah ’ s larger - than - life role in jewish literature and liturgy. choose one of the following. please note the final project is in lieu of a final exam, and will count significantly toward your grade — along with other factors like participation, conduct, effort and attendance. here are your choices : 1. draw 3 - 4 pictures about elijah, each telling a different story. you may wish to draw upon the biblical texts or folk stories we have studied ( listed below ) in creating your images. at least one of your pictures should place the prophet in a modern context. if elijah came back today where would he go and whom would he visit? what would he look like? each of your pictures should be accompanied by a paragraph or two explaining the setting and the reasons for depicting the prophet as you have. 2. create a folktale about elijah. while drawing upon the biblical texts and folk stories we studied in class for inspiration, your literary effort should be creative, and not a simple retelling of a traditional story. i would encourage


you have. 2. create a folktale about elijah. while drawing upon the biblical texts and folk stories we studied in class for inspiration, your literary effort should be creative, and not a simple retelling of a traditional story. i would encourage you to read elie wiesel ’ s powerful short story, an evening guest ( copies will be available from cassie vichozsky as of 4 / 22, and will also be distributed at our next class ), which places elijah in a small hungarian town in 1944 as a messenger sent to warn jews about the nazi death camps — it ’ s a great example of taking the traditional picture of elijah... and then turning it inside out in a very compelling way. your folktale should be no shorter than 3 pages ( typed, double - spaced, 12 - font type ). 3. research references to elijah in the siddur and on religious occasions. at what ceremonies and celebrations do we invoke his name? where in our liturgy does he appear? when and how did elijah become connected with these particular rituals / prayers? why do we mention his name at these specific times / places? your research paper should be 4 pages at a minimum ( typed, double - spaced, 12 - font type ). 4. elijah has also captured the religious imagination of christians and muslims. research how elijah is depicted in christian and muslim scripture and compare / contrast this with the ways in which judaism describes his role. what are the similarities and differences in the jewish understanding of the prophet elijah and the way the other abrahamic faiths view him? your research paper should be 4 pages at a minimum ( typed, double - spaced, 12 - font type ). we have studied the following sources about elijah : first kings, chapters 17, 18 & 19 ; second kings, chapter 2 ; folk stories about elijah ( handout distributed in class from peninah schram ’ s jewish stories one generation tells another ). first kings, chapter 21 ; malachi, chapter 3 ; elie wiesel ’ s short story, an evening guest ( available from cassie as of 4 / 22 ).


the predator. the reaper. the gorgon stare. the dennymite. today ’ s high tech uavs have the lure of hollywood to thank for their existence. one of the first drones was built by an english wwi pilot who hopped the pond to pursue his acting dream. in between small roles alongside greta garbo and frank sinatra, reginald denny turned his remote control airplane hobby into a military contract. his first rp - 1, designed for military target practice, would become the us military ’ s first mass - produced unmanned aerial vehicle. “ he pitched basically a radio controlled airplane to fly as a target, ” says tony chong, the in - house historian at northrop grumman, which purchased denny ’ s company in 1952. “ a lot of people knew how to fly radio controlled planes back then. it wasn ’ t a big leap to teach military personnel how to use them. ” reginald denny, oq - 3 launch, 1940. denny ( not to be confused with the l. a. riot ’ s reginald denny ) named his company radioplane and modified the design of his target drone, selling 53 rp - 4s to the us army in 1940. during world war ii, the company manufactured 15, 000 drones for the us army from its factory at the van nuys airport in los angeles. the navy also got in on the action, calling their drones the tdd - 1 : “ target drone denny 1 ”. it wasn ’ t until the late 1940s that radioplane started developing the technology to pre - program plane routes. the next step was fully autonomous systems, which were around as early as the mid - 70s. but before drones would become a strange sign of our robot future, denny ’ s acting career would take off – he became a character actor, and appeared in hitchcock ’ s rebecca. and he and his enterprise might also take credit for helping to launch the career of the most famous actress ever. denny, believing there was real ‘ morale ’ potential on his factory floor, urged the captain of the army ’ s pr hollywood division ( ronald reagan, natch ) to send over a photographer. and that ’ s where he found a young woman named norma jeane working the assembly line. marilyn monroe had been discovered. how ’ s that for morale?


after the british pyrrhic ( costly ) victory at bunker hill in 1775, british general william howe decided a lethal blow needed to be delivered to the patriot cause. howe proposed to launch an attack on new york city using tens thousands of troops. he began mobilizing the massive fleet in halifax, nova scotia. meanwhile, american commander - in - chief george washington had ordered general charles lee to prepare for the defense of the city. that june, howe and 9, 000 troops set sail for new york. howe ’ s army was to be met in the city by additional regiments of german and british troops. reinforcements from halifax led by howe ’ s brother would follow them. howe ’ s initial fleet arrived in new york harbor and began landing troops on staten island. on april 27, 1776, british forces engaged the americans at the battle of brooklyn heights ( also called the battle of long island ). howe ’ s army successfully outflanked washington ’ s, eventually causing the patriots, after some resistance, to withdraw to manhattan under the cover of darkness, thereby avoiding a potentially costly siege at the hands of the british. after failed peace negotiations, the british army next struck at lower manhattan, where 12, 000 british troops quickly overtook the city. most of the continental army had retreated to defensible positions at harlem heights and then to white plains, well north of the city, but some soldiers remained at fort washington in manhattan. howe ’ s army chased washington and the continental army into positions north of white plains before returning to manhattan. in manhattan, howe set his sights on fort washington, the last patriot stronghold in manhattan. in the furious, three - pronged attacked, british forces easily took the fort, capturing nearly 3, 000 american prisoners and at least 34 cannons in the process. most of the prisoners were taken to squalid british prison ships where all but 800 or so died of disease or starvation. general washington, now at fort lee, directly across the hudson river from fort washington, witnessed the events that happened. following the fall of fort washington, british forces ferried up the hudson river in barges toward fort lee. washington ordered the evacuation of the fort ’ s 2, 000 soldiers across the hackensack river at new bridge landing. washington would lead his army clear across the delaware river into pennsylvania. following the events in and around new york city, the outlook was bleak for the continental army. morale in the army was extremely low, enlistments were ending, and desertions were commonplace. even general washington admitted his army ’


- position your mouse pointer over the image. - click the right mouse button. - select the " save picture as " or the " save image as " menu item. - enter the directory and name of the file to create. need a world file? click the " world file " link located above the image on the right to obtain the geographic reference coordinates of the above image. use your browser ' s file. saveas menu option to save the world file to the same directory where you saved the image. make sure world file extension is it takes a few moments to construct a single image from the image tiles you were viewing. the repeating " your image is being constructed... " message will be replaced with your image. please be patient. once the image is displayed, use your web browser ' s save picture or save image function to copy your image to a location on your computer system. on microsoft internet explorer, you can save the image by clicking on the image with the right mouse button. a pop - up menu will be displayed. click the " save picture as " menu item. on firefox, right - click on the image and select the " save image as " menu item. the web browser will display a " save picture as " window. there will be " file name : " field on the bottom of the save as window. change the name of the file to your liking and click the save button. windows users, you should make sure you end your filename with the. jpg. all images downloaded from microsoft msr maps are in the jpeg image


michigan gov. rick snyder announced on twitter ( @ onetoughnerd ) that he has signed michigan ' s right to work laws. this makes michigan the 24th state to protect workers from being forced to join a union. earlier this year, indiana became the 23rd state to do so. " i have signed the freedom to work bills into law. " - gov rick snyder — rick snyder ( @ onetoughnerd ) december 11, 2012 often misunderstood, " right to work " is actually a simple and very limited policy. it prevents union contracts from making payment of union dues a condition of employment. that ' s all. unions can exist, but can ' t force people to give them money. that is, unions must convince workers that the union does something or provides something worth paying for. what anti - trust laws do to business, right - to - work laws do to unions : these laws prevent monopolies in order to protect consumers and workers. one reason monopolies are disfavored was on display today on the michigan capitol lawn. as lord acton said, power corrupts, but it is absolute power that tends to corrupt absolutely. when a union is granted a monopoly, that power is eventually reinterpreted as a " right, " and then as an entitlement. defense of union power becomes an ends that justifies almost any means. and so in michigan today, supporters of right to work were brutally assaulted and their property vandalized and destroyed.


the jersey breed originated over 600 years ago on the island of jersey, located in the english channel between france and england. today, outstanding herds of jerseys can be found from denmark to new zealand, from canada to south america, and from south africa to japan. the first jerseys to be registered by the american jersey cattle association were imported to the united states in 1850, but cattle from jersey island had been imported to this country much earlier. today, there are almost 400, 000 jersey cows in the united states and they are an important part of the dairy industry in all 50 states. california has the most jersey cows, followed by wisconsin, oregon, pennsylvania, and ohio. jersey calves weigh about 55 pounds at birth. mature jersey females usually weigh about 950 pounds and males about 1, 500 pounds. jerseys reach maturity the earliest of all dairy breeds and are efficient reproducers. they also have the longest productive life, or longevity in the milking herd, of any dairy breed. jerseys are more tolerant of heat than the larger breeds, and are adapted to a wide range of climatic and geographical conditions. jersey milk has a rich, smooth flavor because it naturally contains higher percentages of protein, calcium, and other important nutrients than milk from other dairy breeds ( for the latest milk test results, click here ). the extra protein is the reason jersey milk yields the greatest amount of cheddar cheese : 12. 35 pounds of cheese from 100 pounds of milk. this compares to the yield of average milk produced in the united states of 10. 04 pounds of cheese. the jersey is the most efficient dairy producer in the world, producing more pounds of milk per pound of body weight than any other breed. an average jersey in the united states produces 16 times her bodyweight in milk each year, or about twice her body weight in cheddar cheese. the jersey production champion produced over 40 times her body weight in one year : 49, 250 lbs. of milk containing 1, 645 lbs. of protein. that is equal to 70, 752 half - pint servings of milk, enough milk for an entire year ' s lunches in a school of 400 students. the american jersey cattle association was organized in 1868 to improve and promote the breed of jersey cattle in the united states. it is located at 6486 east main street in reynoldsburg, ohio 43068. for more information, subscribe to the jersey journal or log onto the ajca ' s website at www. usjersey. com. jersey breeders in your area may be found


iowa state university ’ s veterinary diagnostic laboratory ( vdl ) at ames closely monitors the incidence of animal diseases, including those caused by swine influenza viruses ( siv ). the vdl uses state - of - the - art molecular diagnostic technology to diagnose siv, track seasonal trends for prevalence and monitor which siv strains or subtypes are most prevalent. this helps veterinarians and producers understand herd health status and appropriate vaccine or control measures. the emergence of the h1n1 influenza a virus that sickened people has led isu swine veterinarian and virologist k. j. yoon and his team of molecular diagnosticians to analyze a bank of siv viruses from case submissions from october 2008 to april 2009. the goal is to determine if the h1n1 flu virus is in the iowa swine population. so far, screening of samples has not detected the novel h1n1 virus in the domestic hog population. “ each day we are learning more about this novel influenza virus, ” yoon says. “ we are particularly learning about its genetic makeup. this virus was originally coined the name ‘ swine flu ’ as it contains viral components that have been previously identified in influenza viruses causing disease in pigs. however, this novel h1n1 virus has been reportedly spreading primarily from direct human - to - human contact, which is more similar to how emerging strains of ‘ seasonal influenza ’ are commonly transmitted. it is also important to understand that influenza virus is transmitted by direct exposure to respiratory secretions, and is not a foodborne illness or food safety concern. ” diagnostic testing for the hybrid flu virus at the vdl is done by gene sequence analysis which takes up to seven days. isu researchers are currently developing a high throughput polymerase chain reaction diagnostic test that will differentiate human, swine and avian viruses usually within 24 hours. “ we have an excellent team of applied veterinary diagnosticians and researchers working diligently to serve the emerging needs of our stakeholders helping safeguard both animal and human health, ” says rodger main, dvm, director of isu ’ s veterinary diagnostic laboratory operations.


a mask carved from a human skull, the nose and tongue skewered by ceremonial daggers. this artifact, on display at the field ’ s exclusive and expansive new exhibit, “ the aztec world, ” exemplifies the most shocking aspects of the mesoamerican tribe that, in just 200 years, shaped the foundations of modern - day mexico. caricaturized in the popular media as brutal and blood - thirsty, the aztecs were in actuality a deeply complex, sophisticated society fascinated with dyads : male and female, light and darkness, life and death. this assemblage of nearly 300 artifacts has been collected in collaboration with ten mexican museums. the exhibit explores the stark and shocking duality of the aztecs : an empire that embraced life through technical and artistic achievements, and death through ritual human sacrifice. museum guests can view wares from the great aztec market, which dwarfed its european counterparts, as well as large stone statues excavated from the “ house of eagles ” and the templo mayor in mexico city. another artifact — a large, rabbit - shaped drinking vessel for the alcoholic pulque — exemplifies a little - known aspect of aztec culture : a charming and whimsical sense of humor. the aztecs saw a rabbit ’ s silhouette in the face of the moon, thereby associating rabbits with a popular nighttime activity : drunkenness. ( laura hawbaker ) “ the aztec world ” runs at the field museum, 1400 south lake shore, through april 19, 2009. leave a reply you must be logged in to post a comment.


by vaudine england bbc news, hong kong a study by doctors in hong kong has concluded that epilepsy can be induced by the chinese tile game of mahjong. the study said the syndrome affects more men than women the findings, published in the hong kong medical journal, were based on 23 cases of people who suffered mahjong - induced seizures. the report ' s four authors, from hong kong ' s queen mary hospital, said the best prevention - and cure - was to avoid playing mahjong. the study led the doctors to define mahjong epilepsy as a unique syndrome. epileptic seizures can be provoked by a wide variety of triggers, but one cause increasingly evident to researchers is the playing - or even watching - of mahjong. this chinese tile game, played by four people round a table, can involve gambling and quickly becomes compulsive. the game, which is intensely social and sometimes played in crowded mahjong parlours, involves the rapid movement of tiles in marathon sessions. the doctors conclude that the syndrome affects far more men than women ; that their average age is 54 ; and that it can hit sufferers anywhere between one to 11 hours into a mahjong game. they say the attacks were not just caused by sleep deprivation or gambling stress. mahjong is cognitively demanding, drawing on memory, fast calculations, concentration, reasoning and sequencing. the distinctive design of mahjong tiles, and the sound of the tiles crashing onto the table, may contribute to the syndrome. the propensity of chinese people to play mahjong also deserves further study, the doctors say. what is certain though, is that the only sure way to avoid mahjong epilepsy, is to avoid mahjong, which for many people is easier said than done.


assessing the effectiveness of a model program they developed, dartmouth medical school researchers dr. w. carl cooley, adjunct associate professor in pediatrics, and jeanne mcallister, research associate in pediatrics, review the experience of four practices in vermont and new hampshire who used their program to identify and implement changes to improve the care they deliver to children with special health care needs. the concept of community - based " medical homes " places where care is managed through coordination of clinicians, educators, therapists, healthcare professionals, and caregivers has been advocated by national health policy makers and the american academy of pediatrics as the best model for providing systematic yet individualized care to children with complex conditions and multiple needs. still, the changes required for a practice to become an effective medical home can be difficult to make. " introducing change into a busy pediatric practice is like trying to repair a bicycle while riding it, " the authors write. " even the most motivated practice finds change difficult to implement. many primary care providers believe that implementing the medical home concept is the right thing to do but question how they can do so and remain solvent. " to make the process easier, the authors developed a medical home improvement tool kit that allows practices to look at key functions of the medical home, assess their own operation, and identify the steps and strategies they will follow to become a medical ho contact : andy nordhoff dartmouth medical school


like the sound of music ‘ s von trapp family hiding in the alps, plants may find refuge from a warming climate in the mountains. research in the swiss alps suggests diverse mountain habitats could act as stepping stones to allow plants to escape into more hospitable hideaways as their usual homes heat up. a large, flat savannah offers little variation in temperature. if the temperature warms up, the whole area warms up. but daniel scherrer and christian korner from the university of basel, switzerland found a broad spectrum of habitats in the central swiss alps after studying an alpine meadow for two seasons. in the rugged mountain landscape, different conditions existed close together. the plants growing in those varied conditions were adapted to the particular set of temperatures of the micro - climates, the scientists found. the research suggests that these plants could start growing in neighboring habitats as the temperature increases. to test this, scherrer and korner used a computer model to simulate what would happen if the temperature went up 3. 6 degrees fahrenheit. they found that only 3 percent of all temperature conditions disappeared. some of the cooler habitats shrank or shifted, but pockets remained. this suggests that plants have the opportunity to shift habitats, instead of just dying off. preserving mountain habitats is even more new important now in light of this research. a diverse alpine meadow could save many different habitats, compared to a single habitat in a grassland of equal size. “ it is known from earlier geological periods that mountains were always important for survival of species during periods of climatic change such as in glacial cycles, because of their ‘ habitat diversity, ’ ” concluded korner. “ mountains are therefore particularly important areas for the conservation of biodiversity in a given region under climatic change and thus deserve particular protection, ” korner said. photo : different habitats exist close together in the alps. wikimedia commons


- it is not possible to clone lonesome george now, but other endangered animals have been successfully cloned. - in the future, cloning and further studying lonesome george might be possible, so scientists are focusing on preserving his tissues now. - biobanks known as " frozen zoos " hold tissues and other remains of certain endangered animals. the recent death of lonesome george, the famed galapagos tortoise believed to be the last representative of his subspecies, has many experts wondering how we should try to save other endangered and at - risk animals. cloning is one option. while cloning methods for reptiles are not as advanced as those for mammals, scientists also say they face other incredible obstacles. " at the most, i could envision one male turtle of this subspecies cloned in future or maybe two males, but where are you going to get a female? " asked martha gomez, a senior scientist with the audubon nature institute, which has one of the world ' s few " frozen zoos. " frozen zoos stockpile biological materials from a wide variety of rare and critically endangered species. the biological material is usually composed of gametes ( sperm and egg cells ), embryos, tissue samples, serum and other items. together, they represent a bank vault of irreplaceable genetic information that can be preserved for possibly hundreds of years or more. in most cases, the materials are stored in holding tanks filled with liquid nitrogen. oliver ryder, director of genetics at the san diego zoo, spoke to discovery news as his team was racing to the galapagos islands to help preserve the tissues of lonesome george. the san diego zoo operates one of the other few frozen zoos. " this is an extremely urgent matter, " ryder said. " we had planned to meet in the galapagos in two weeks to discuss preservation of the tortoises there. it is a bitter irony that lonesome george died before we could even finish setting up the plans. it underscores the importance of preserving such animals. " " we are facing some logistical problems now, but we don ' t want to look back with ' what if ' s, ' " he added. " this may be the only chance we ' ll have to preserve, document and study this tortoise subspecies. " ryder believes discussions of cloning lonesome george are premature at this point. before that takes place, he thinks more must be learned about this particular tortoise ' s physiology and reproduction. studying lonesome george


study this tortoise subspecies. " ryder believes discussions of cloning lonesome george are premature at this point. before that takes place, he thinks more must be learned about this particular tortoise ' s physiology and reproduction. studying lonesome george ' s remains may also help to reveal how tortoises often live to advanced ages, information that could one day lead to breakthroughs in extending human lifespans. for cloning, researchers are focusing more on " species where we have detailed knowledge of their reproductive biology, " ryder said. that is one reason why cats, dogs and mice were among the first animals to be cloned. scientists are now working to clone endangered relatives of such animals, in hopes of releasing those individuals into the wild to strengthen natural populations. earlier this year, gomez and her colleagues successfully cloned endangered black - footed cats. an endangered wild ox, called a gaur, and a banteng ( wild cattle ) have also been successfully cloned. work is underway to clone and otherwise increase the population of sumatran rhinos, which presently number only about 200 - 300 in the wild. while one healthy clone is an interesting novelty, clones must also be able to reproduce in order to be fully successful. gomez said that kittens of cloned wild cat parents have died " due to problems with nuclear programing, " but some normal kittens have resulted and continue to thrive. both she and ryder say that there is no international policy calling for cloning and preservation of highly endangered species. instead, isolated facilities and the work of dedicated individuals are responsible for the successes. " the effort needs to be more widespread and organized, " gomez said. through published papers and talks, ryder and his colleagues have repeatedly called for an organized global effort. it would need an " overarching international body " on par with unesco, he believes. " the first step is saving tissue samples, as we ' re in the process of doing for lonesome george, " he said. " but we who are among the forefront would like to train others to establish frozen zoo biobanks in other countries. " " i am confident that one day such an international structure will come together, bringing in other conservation work, such as preserving habitat, " ryder concluded. " it ' s poignant to lose a subspecies like that of lonesome george. people in the future will be looking back at us, wondering why we didn ' t act sooner. "


for national geographic news explosive population growth is driving human evolution to speed up around the world, according to a new study. the pace of change accelerated about 40, 000 years ago and then picked up even more with the advent of agriculture about 10, 000 years ago, the study says. and while humans are evolving quickly around the world, local cultural and environmental factors are shaping evolution differently on different continents. " we ' re evolving away from each other. we ' re getting more and more different, " said henry harpending, an anthropologist at the university of utah in salt lake city who co - authored the study. for example, in europe natural selection has favored genes for pigmentation like light skin, blue eyes, and blond hair. asians also have genes selected for light skin, but they are different from the european ones. " europeans and asians are both bleached africans, but the way they got bleached is different in the two areas, " harpending said. he and colleagues report the finding this week in the journal proceedings of the national academy of sciences. snips of dna the researchers analyzed the dna from 270 people in the international hapmap project, an effort to identify variation in human genes that cause disease and serve as targets for new medicines. the study specifically looked for genetic variations called single nucleotide polymorphisms, or snps ( pronounced " snips " ), which are mutations at a single point on a chromosome. ( see an interactive overview of human genetics. ) " we look for parts of chromosomes that are common in the population but are new, and if they are common but recent, they must have gotten to high frequency by selection, " harpending explained. sources and related web sites


this is outstanding, but how does the cerebrospinal fluid stop the brain receiving harmful pathogens in the same way that the blood would? any answers welcome, i ' m just interested! image courtesy j. iliff and m. nedergaard, aaas green tracer molecules drift through cerebrospinal fluid crowding around a blood vessel. image courtesy j. iliff and m. nedergaard, aaas published august 16, 2012 talk about brainwashing — a newfound plumbing system, identified in mice, likely helps the brain empty its waste, a new study says. because mouse biology is similar to ours, the same findings should apply to people too, experts say. thanks to a blood - brain barrier — a natural wall that protects the brain tissue — the organ never touches blood, thus protecting it from microbes, viruses, and other pathogens. to get nutrients to brain tissue and remove its waste, the brain makes a liquid called cerebrospinal fluid. but exactly how the fluid removes gunk generated by brain cells wasn ' t certain until now. watch a video explaining the newfound plumbing system. experiments in the 1950s and ' 60s hinted that diffusion — the passive method by which, say, food coloring spreads out in a glass of water — moved cerebrospinal fluid around the brain. yet this process is too slow to explain the brain ' s lightning - fast activity and immaculate cleanliness. it turns out that, while studying brain tissue, the researchers in the 1950s and ' 60s unwittingly turned off the plumbing that washes the tissue. " the idea of a cleaning system based on pressure has been around for a long time, but if you open the skull anywhere, like a hydraulic pump, it stops. they thought [ the cleaning system ] didn ' t exist, " said study leader maiken nedergaard, a neuroscientist at the university of rochester medical center. the pump system is " on the order of a thousand times faster than diffusion, " she said. " i ' m surprised that no one had discovered this until now. " brain under pressure nedergaard and her colleagues dubbed the newfound plumbing the glymphatic system, after neural tissue called glial cells, which power the flow of cerebrospinal fluid. glial cells do this by growing their " feet " around vessels and veins that carry blood, forming a sort of pipe around a pipe. tiny pores in this outer pipe then suck nutrient - rich


flow of cerebrospinal fluid. glial cells do this by growing their " feet " around vessels and veins that carry blood, forming a sort of pipe around a pipe. tiny pores in this outer pipe then suck nutrient - rich cerebrospinal fluid from the blood vessels into channels dense with nerve cells, and pores at other locations pump the fluid out. the process simultaneously carries away the brain ' s waste while feeding its cells. nedergaard and her team used a special two - photon microscope, whose infrared light allows a deep, clear look into living brain tissue without harming it. " these microscopes are revolutionizing neuroscience, and they ' ve only become commercially available in the past five or six years, " nedergaard said. studying living mouse brains required opening their skulls. yet unlike in previous experiments, the researchers sealed each hole with a tiny glass plate, keeping the fluid pressure while providing a window for the microscope. fluorescent dyes injected into the mouse brains then allowed the team to record movies of the cerebrospinal fluid moving through brain tissue. " the fact we could look at it and make a movie was very important to showing the flow, " nedergaard said. ( see brain pictures. ) brain study makes scientist ' s " heart sing " clinical neuroscientist bruce ransom, who studies glial cells but was not involved in the study, said the work makes his " heart sing. " " it wasn ' t impossible to imagine that cerebrospinal fluid moves with enough force to be a garbage - disposal system, but that was always speculative, " said ransom, of the university of washington in seattle. " this team, however, has done something very clever to find this system : demonstrate how it works and show it can vigorously wash away waste. " now that the plumbing has been found, study leader nedergaard and her colleagues are exploring its implications. a big one may be in its role in alzheimer ' s disease, which is thought to arise when brain cells are killed by the accumulation of a protein waste called beta - amyloid. " next we need to move beyond mice, " nedergaard said. " we need to see if this same system exists in humans — which i suspect it does. " the study of the brain ' s plumbing system was published in the journal science translational medicine. these six scientists were snubbed for awards or robbed of credit for discoveries … because they were women. sweden needs garbage to maintain its energy


washington, aug 9 ( ians ) the formation in the air of sulphuric acid, which smells like rotten eggs, is significantly impacting our climate and health, says a study. the study led by roy lee mauldin iii, research associate at the university of colorado - boulder ' s atmospheric and oceanic sciences department, charts a previously unknown chemical pathway for the formation of sulphuric acid, which can trigger both increased acid rain and cloud formation as well as harmful respiratory effects on humans. sulphuric acid plays an essential role in the earth ' s atmosphere, from the ecological impacts of acid precipitation to the formation of new aerosol particles, which have significant climatic and health effects. our findings demonstrate a newly observed connection between the biosphere and atmospheric chemistry, mauldin was quoted as saying in the journal nature. more than 90 percent of sulphur dioxide emissions are from fossil fuel combustion at power plants and other industrial facilities, says the us environmental protection agency, according to a university statement. other sulphur sources include volcanoes and even ocean phytoplankton. sulphur dioxide reacts with hydroxide to produce sulphuric acid that can form acid rain, harmful to terrestrial and aquatic life on earth. airborne sulphuric acid particles, which form in a wide variety of sizes, play the main role in the formation of clouds, which can have a cooling effect on the atmosphere, mauldin said. most of the lab experiments for the study were conducted at the leibniz - institute for tropospheric research in leipzig, germany.


glasses - free 3d is something available on just a handful of tvs, which manage it only through complicated hardware, and at no small cost. still, the effect is pretty smooth and no more tiresome for the eyes than glasses - assisted technology, from what we ' ve been able to gather. there is one more accomplishment that tech experts are looking for : holographic television, which offers a different perspective at the action, depending on the angle from which one beholds the tv. researchers from the massachusetts institute of technology ( mit ) claim to have created something of the sort. called tensor display, it uses several layers of liquid crystal displays ( lcds ) with a refresh rate of 360 hz per second. the technique is different from the one used in nintendo ' s 3ds, which has two layers of lcd screens ( the bottom for light and dark bands and the top for the two slightly offset images ). the problem with this old method ( a century old really ) is that the only way so far known for creating multiple perspectives would rely on complicated hardware and algorithms. hundreds of perspectives would have to be produced in order to suit a moving viewer, and that means that too much info has to be displayed at once. every frame of the stereo - 3d video would need the screen to flicker 10 times, each with a different pattern. thus, a convincing stereo - 3d illusion would need a 1, 000 hz refresh rate. mit ' s tensor display lowers that requirement by using a higher number of lcds, although it does bring another problem : the pattern calculation becomes more complex. fortunately, the researcher had a convenient factor to exploit : not all aspects of a scene change with the viewing angle. this reduced the amount of information that needed to be sent to the lcd screens. the end result was a panel that produces stereo - 3d images based on calculations similar to those behind ct, x - ray and computed tomography, of all things ( they produce 3d images of internal organs ). the media lab researchers will demo a tensor display prototype at siggraph 2012 ( 5 - 9 august ), made of three lcd panels. a second model will have two lcds with a sheet of lenses between them ( refract light left and right ), primarily for wider viewing angles ( 50 degrees rather than 20 ). practical and commercial applications should appear soon, or at least sooner than any alternatives. “ holography works, it ’ s beautiful, nothing can touch its quality. the problem, of course, is that holograms don