how their coaster is akin to the millenium force while all other coasters are more like the woodstock express. the students love to show off their coasters, and it seems the people being shown enjoy the experience as well. assessment is massively important. however, this post is already long. the exciting conclusion of this post will feature the assessment piece in : part 2 : pipe insulation roller coaster assessment. the pipe insulation roller coaster series - pipe insulation roller coasters and rolling friction - pipe insulation roller coasters - pipe insulation roller coaster assessment - the first day we played with pipe insulation in class i had students use some marble - sized steel balls. unfortunately because the steel balls are so much heavier and the pipe insulation is spongy and flexible, there was just too much friction. when we switched to marbles the next day everything worked like a charm. ( back ) - most groups typically use more than one roll of duct tape. my first couple years i bought the colored duct tape and gave each group a different color. that was a nice touch, but also a bit more expensive than using the standard silver. whatever you decide, i highly recommend avoiding the cut - rate duct tape. the cheap stuff just didn ' t stick as well which caused students to waste a lot of time fixing places where the duct tape fell and in the end used a lot more duct tape. ( back ) - i had an arrangement with our school ' s kitchen manager to set broken down boxes aside for me for a few weeks before we started the project. if that ' s not an option, i ' ve also found if you talk to a manager of a local grocery store they ' re usually more than willing to donate boxes. ( back ) - i made it a requirement for groups to start by building a cardboard rectangle with the maximum dimensions. this served two functions : ( 1 ) it made it easy for the groups to see what space they had to work with, and ( 2 ) it allows the roller coasters to be moved around a little by sliding them across the floor. ( back ) - originally i wanted students to keep g - forces below 10. very quickly it became apparent that under 10g ' s was overly restrictive and i upped it to 30g ' s. that ' s not really safe for living creatures, but it would certainly make it more " exciting. " ( back )


guest post by henry b. perry henry perry, m. d., ph. d., mph, is a senior associate in the department of international health at johns hopkins university ’ s bloomberg school of public health in baltimore, md. during the past half - century, there has been a growing recognition that community - based workers can make an important contribution to the health of communities, especially in resource - constrained settings. these workers are known by many names, but most commonly community health workers ( chws ). with initial training of usually 6 weeks or less, they can effectively provide different types of services from community mobilization to health education to preventive screening to family planning education to identifying persons with symptoms of leprosy or tuberculosis to diagnosis and treatment of life - threatening childhood illness, and many more. these persons may work as volunteers or for modest incentives or salaries. based on early projects that utilized chws effectively in a number of developing countries, the seminal international conference on primary health care — sponsored by the world health organization and unicef in 1978 and attended by high - level representatives of almost every country in the world — recognized that in many settings where facilities and highly trained health workers are scarce, chws can become an important part of a primary health care system. the declaration of alma ata, adopted at the conference, called for basic health services — promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative — to be provided by “ health workers, including physicians, nurses, midwives, auxiliaries and community workers [ italics added ] as applicable, as well as traditional practitioners as needed, suitably trained socially and technically to work as a health team and to respond to the expressed health needs of the community. ” the declaration also recognized the importance of providing health services “ as close as possible to where people live and work. ” a rapidly growing number of studies demonstrate that chws make it possible to expand access and improve coverage of essential services, particularly in remote and poorly served populations, thereby improving equity. chws have been shown to play critical roles in interventions to - reduce child mortality, including distribution of vitamin a capsules and other critical micronutrients - promote water and sanitation education ( hand washing, point - of - use water treatment and safe water storage, latrine construction and promotion of latrine use ) - distribute mosquito nets and assist communities in draining stagnant water to eliminate breeding grounds for mosquitoes - diagnose and treat childhood pneumonia, diarrhea, malaria, newborn sepsis and severe malnutrition


of latrine use ) - distribute mosquito nets and assist communities in draining stagnant water to eliminate breeding grounds for mosquitoes - diagnose and treat childhood pneumonia, diarrhea, malaria, newborn sepsis and severe malnutrition - promote healthy behaviors such as appropriate breastfeeding ( exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of life and continued breastfeeding until at least one year of age ) - provide hygiene and cleanliness education - ensure appropriate care of newborns - promote and facilitate immunizations for mothers and children. many countries can benefit by scaling up integrated community case management of pneumonia, diarrhea, malaria and newborn sepsis and promotion of healthy behaviors that can save the lives of millions of children who are dying from preventable causes. chws are one of the essential ingredients for making this possible — along with political commitment, professional leadership, long - term sustainable training, support and supervision from the health system and reliable logistical support of basic medicines and supplies. a strong commitment by the world community to these activities, which are some of the most cost - effective approaches to promoting global equity in health, is a moral imperative for today and tomorrow. james grant, the renowned executive director of unicef from 1980 to 1995 and champion of what is often referred to as the first child survival revolution, repeatedly reminded us that “ morality must march with capacity. ” we now know that chws can have the capacity to make a difference between life and death for millions of children. the moral imperative for the world community is to ensure that health systems and underserved communities support chws in attaining this capacity. berman, p. a., d. r. gwatkin, et al. ( 1987 ). “ community - based health workers : head start or false start towards health for all? ” soc sci med 25 ( 5 ) : 443 - 459. haines, a., d. sanders, et al. ( 2007 ). “ achieving child survival goals : potential contribution of community health workers. ” lancet 369 ( 9579 ) : 2121 - 2131. lassi, z. s., b. a. haider, et al. ( 2010 ). “ community - based intervention packages for reducing maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality and improving neonatal outcomes. ” cochrane database syst rev 11 : cd007754. newell, k. w., ed. ( 1975 ). health by the people. geneva, switzerland, world health organization.


the garo community is one of the major tribes in bangladesh. according to the history books, the garo tribe entered bangladesh in the first century. they were refugees from mongolia and came to this region through tibet. the garo have stayed in bangladesh for thousands of years. initially, they followed a religion called sonatoni ; during the british rule in this subcontinent they came to christ. today, nearly 100 percent of the garo tribe practices christianity, though a few still believe in sonatoni. garos have their own language, achick, which is completely different from the local language, bengali. achik has several accents / branches such as habeng, attong, etc. the garo tribe also has its own culture. their dress, food habits and celebration styles can be easily distinguished from the bengalis and other tribes. the people from the garo tribe have different features than the original inhabitants of bangladesh ( bengali people ). they are a little shorter and have fair skin. their eyes and nose are similar to their ancestors from mongolia. compared to the other tribal groups, the garo tribe is little advanced in education and social activities. the first garo church ( garo baptist convention ) was established in 1910. many missionaries and evangelists from europe and north america worked among the garo people over the decades. being a part of a developing country, the garo community also suffers from poverty. many garo families are deprived of education. garos in the villages and in remote places suffer from lack of clean water and sanitation. there are many villages like gobindopur and nalchapra, which greatly need hospitals and medical facilities. the people from the garo community have to go to the local pharmacy for minor diseases or injuries. for major problems, they have to take the patient to the town, which is about 35 kilometers away. the garo have only one high school ( sixth through 10th grade ) with a capacity of only 300 children. this government school has only nine teachers. there are also two primary schools in those villages with limited capacity and facilities. the houses of the garo people are made of bamboo walls and straw or tin roofs. some houses have mud walls with a roof of straw and plastic sheets. house are typically 7 feet wide and 14 feet long. the garo build their own houses. usually they have free spaces in front of their houses. they keep cows, chicken and ducks as pets. garo families usually have an average of two to three children. thirty percent


wide and 14 feet long. the garo build their own houses. usually they have free spaces in front of their houses. they keep cows, chicken and ducks as pets. garo families usually have an average of two to three children. thirty percent of the garo people have completed high school. however, the remaining 70 percent have not ; the poor families can ’ t afford to send their children to school. the government of bangladesh has ensured that all children can attend primary school. but many children from the garo community drop out after the primary level. the educated people from the garo community work in nongovernmental and other corporate organizations. the poorer garo people earn their keep by working as day laborers, usually in the crop fields for nine or 10 hours daily. available transportation in garo villages is cycle or rickshaw, especially for long distances. but since most peope can ’ t afford the rickshaw fare, they walk. cycle - vans are used to carry goods. in the garo culture, both male and female have to work for the family. the interesting part is that the garo ladies get ownership of the properties from the family, a tradition completely opposite of the bengali people. the garo festivals are very colorful and full of music and dancing. christmas and easter are the two major religious festivals. their biggest cultural festival is called wangala. wangala is the festival when the garo thank god for the new crops. it takes place just after the harvesting period. the garo prepare pitha ( homemade pies ), sweets and other food to celebrate this occasion. at the celebration, garo girls wear their traditional dress and sprinkle puffed rice and dry rice with their hands. the traditional dress of the garo ladies is called dokbanda, a combination of a long skirt and blouse. the gents wear regular shirts, trousers and lungi ( bangladeshi skirt for men ). the favorite dishes of the garo are pork, snails, eel and little tortoises. they use a special substance called khari to make the food more tasteful. they prepare the khari at home. compassion - assisted child development centers that serve the garo people include : bd - 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 411 and 412.


using the congressional serial set for genealogical research by jeffery hartley ( this article appeared in the spring 2009 issue of prologue. it has been excerpted and reprinted here with the permission of the author. the historical documents section in genealogybank includes over 243, 000 reports from the us serial set and the american state papers ). click here to search the american state papers and us congressional serial set in genealogybank. com genealogists use whatever sources are available to them in pursuit of their family history : diaries, family bibles, census records, passenger arrival records, and other federal records. one set of materials that is often overlooked, however, is the congressional serial set. this large multivolume resource contains various congressional reports and documents from the beginning of the federal government, and its coverage is wide and varied. women, african americans, native americans, students, soldiers and sailors, pensioners, landowners, and inventors are all represented in some fashion. while a beginning genealogist would not use the serial set to begin a family history, it nevertheless can serve as a valuable tool and resource for someone helping to flesh out an ancestors life, especially where it coincided with the interests of the u. s. federal government. since its inception, the u. s. government has gathered information, held hearings, compiled reports, and published those findings in literally millions of pages, the majority of which have been published by the government printing office ( gpo ). these publications include annual reports of the various executive branch agencies, congressional hearings and documents, registers of employees, and telephone directories. their topics cover a wide range, from the ku klux klan to child labor practices to immigration to western exploration. in 1817, the serial set was begun with the intent of being the official, collective, definitive publication documenting the activities of the federal government. following the destruction of the capitol in 1814 by the british, congress became interested in publishing their records to make them more accessible and less vulnerable to loss. in the early federal period, printing of congressional documents had been haphazard, and the serial set was an effort designed to rectify that situation. although initially there were no regulations concerning what should be included, several laws and regulations were promulgated over the years. the contents, therefore, vary depending on the year in question. in 1831, 14 years after the serial set was begun, the printers gales & seaton proposed that a compilation of the documents from the first congresses be printed. the secretary of the senate and the clerk of the house


on the year in question. in 1831, 14 years after the serial set was begun, the printers gales & seaton proposed that a compilation of the documents from the first congresses be printed. the secretary of the senate and the clerk of the house were to direct the selection of those documents, 6, 278 of which were published in 38 volumes between 1832 and 1861. this collection was known as the american state papers. because it was a retrospective effort, these 38 volumes were arranged chronologically within 10 subject areas : foreign relations, indian affairs, finance, commerce & navigation, military affairs, naval affairs, post office, public lands, claims, and miscellaneous. although not technically a part of the serial set, the volumes were certainly related, and therefore the volumes were designated with a leading zero so that these volumes would be shelved properly, i. e. before the volumes of the serial set. ( 1 ) the congressional serial set itself includes six distinct series : house and senate journals ( until 1953 ), house and senate reports, house and senate documents, senate treaty documents, senate executive reports, and miscellaneous reports. the journals provide information about the daily activities of each chamber. the house and senate reports relate to public and private legislation under consideration during each session. documents generally relate to other investigations or subjects that have come to the attention of congress. nominations for office and military promotion appear in the senate executive reports. miscellaneous reports are just thatwidely varied in subject matter and content. with the possible exception of the treaty documents, any of these can have some relevance for genealogists. the documents and reports in the serial set are numbered sequentially within each congress, no matter what their subject or origin. the documents were then collected into volumes, which were then given a sequential number within the serial set. the set currently stands at over 15, 000 volumes, accounting for more than 325, 000 individual documents and 11 million pages. the serial set amounts to an incredible amount of documentation for the 19th century. agency annual reports, reports on surveys and military expeditions, statistics and other investigations all appear and thoroughly document the activities of the federal government. in 1907, however, the public printing and binding act provided guidelines for what should be included, resulting in many of these types of reports no longer being included as they were also issued separately by the individual agencies. the number of copies was also trimmed. with that stroke, the value of the serial set was lessened, but it nevertheless stands as a valuable genealogical resource for the 19th century. so what is available


they were also issued separately by the individual agencies. the number of copies was also trimmed. with that stroke, the value of the serial set was lessened, but it nevertheless stands as a valuable genealogical resource for the 19th century. so what is available for genealogists? the following examples are just some of the types of reports and information that are available. the serial set contains much information concerning land claims. these claims relate to bounty for service to the government as well as to contested lands once under the jurisdiction of another nation. in house report 78 ( 21 - 2 ), there is a report entitled “ archibald jackson. ” this report, from the house committee on private land claims, in 1831, relates to jackson ’ s claim for the land due to james gammons. gammons, a soldier in the 11th u. s. infantry, died on february 19, 1813, “ in service of the united states. ” the act under which he enlisted provided for an extra three month ’ s pay and 160 acres of land to those who died while in service to the united states. however, gammons was a slave, owned by archibald jackson, who apparently never overtly consented to the enlistment but allowed it to continue. that gammons was eligible for the extra pay and bounty land was not in dispute, but the recipient of that bounty was. jackson had already collected the back pay in 1823 and was petitioning for the land as well. the report provides a decision in favor of jackson, as he was the legal representative of gammons, and as such entitled to all of his property. ( 2 ) land as bounty was one issue, and another was claims for newly annexed land as the country spread west. in 1838, the house of representatives published a report related to senate bill 89 concerning the lands acquired through the treaty with spain in 1819 that ceded east and west florida to the united states. claims to land between the mississippi and the perdido rivers, however, were not a part of that treaty and had been unresolved since the louisiana purchase, which had taken the perdido river as one of its limits. the report provides a background on the claims as well as lists of the claimants, the names of original claimants, the date and nature of the claim, and the amount of the land involved. ( 3 ) other land claims are represented as well. in 1820, the senate ordered a report to be printed from the general land office containing reports of the land commissioners at jackson court


and nature of the claim, and the amount of the land involved. ( 3 ) other land claims are represented as well. in 1820, the senate ordered a report to be printed from the general land office containing reports of the land commissioners at jackson court house. these lands are located in louisiana and include information that would help a genealogist locate their ancestor in this area. included in this report is a table entitled “ a list of actual settlers, in the district east of pearl river, in louisiana, prior to the 3d march, 1819, who have no claims derived from either the french, british, or spanish, governments. ” the information is varied, but a typical entry reads : no. 14, present claimant george b. dameson, original claimant mde. neait pacquet, originally settled 1779, located above white ’ s point, pascag. river, for about 6 years. ( 4 ) among the reports in the serial set for the 19th century are the annual reports to congress from the various executive branch agencies. congress had funded the activities of these organizations and required that each provide a report concerning their annual activities. many of these are printed in the serial set, often twice : the same content with both a house and a senate document number. annual reports in the 19th century were very different from the public relations pieces that they tend to be today. besides providing information about the organization and its activities, many included research reports and other ( almost academic ) papers. in the annual reports of the bureau of ethnology, for instance, one can find dictionaries of native american languages, reports on artifacts, and in one case, even a genealogy for the descendants of a chief. ( 5 ) these reports can often serendipitously include information of interest to the family historian. for instance, the annual report of the solicitor of the treasury would not necessarily be a place to expect to find family information. the 1844 report, however, does have some information that could be useful. for instance, pages 36 and 37 of this report contains a “ tabular list of suits now pending in the courts of the united states, in which the government is a part and interested. ” many on the opposite side of the case were individuals. an example is the case of roswell lee, late a lieutenant in the u. s. army, against whom there has been a judgment for over $ 5, 000 in 1838. lee was sued in a court in massachusetts and in 1844 still owed over $ 4, 000


of roswell lee, late a lieutenant in the u. s. army, against whom there has been a judgment for over $ 5, 000 in 1838. lee was sued in a court in massachusetts and in 1844 still owed over $ 4, 000. in a letter dated may 5, 1840, the district attorney informed the office ( 6 ) that mr. lee is not now a resident of the district of massachusetts, and that whether he ever returns is quite uncertain ; that nothing, however, will be lost by his absence, as the united states have now a judgment against him, which probably will forever remain unsatisfied. another set of annual reports that appear in the serial set are those for the patent office. the annual reports of the commissioner of patents often include an index to the patents that were granted that year, arranged by subject and containing the names of the invention and the patentee and the patent number. the report included a further description of the patent, and often a diagram of it as well. each year ’ s report also included an index by patentee. unfortunately, the numbers of patents granted in later years, as well as their complexity, led to more limited information being included in later reports. the 1910 report, for instance, simply contains an alphabetical list of inventions, with the entries listing the patentee, number, date, and where additional information can be found in the official patent office gazette. ( 7 ) the civil war gave rise to a number of medical enhancements and innovations in battlefield medicine, and the annual report for 1865, published in 1867, contains a reminder of that in the patent awarded to g. b. jewett, of salem, massachusetts, for “ legs, artificial. ” patent 51, 593 was granted december 19, 1865, and the description of the patent on page 990 provides information on the several improvements that jewett had developed. the patent diagram on page 760 illustrated the text. ( 8 ) this annual report relates to a report from may 1866, also published in the serial set that same session of congress, entitled “ artificial limbs furnished to soldiers. ” this report, dated may 1866, came from the secretary of war in response to a congressional inquiry concerning artificial limbs furnished to soldiers at the government ’ s expense. within its 128 pages are a short list of the manufacturers of these limbs, including several owned by members of the jewett family in salem, massachusetts, new york, and washington, d. c., as well as an alphabetical list of soldiers, detailing their


pages are a short list of the manufacturers of these limbs, including several owned by members of the jewett family in salem, massachusetts, new york, and washington, d. c., as well as an alphabetical list of soldiers, detailing their rank, regiment and state, residence, limb, cost, date, and manufacturer. constantine elsner, a private in b company of the 20th massachusetts living in boston, received a leg made by g. b. jewett at a cost of $ 75 on april 8, 1865. 9 this may have been an older version of the one that jewett would have patented later in the year, or it may have been an early model of that one. either way, a researcher would have some idea not only of what elsner ’ s military career was like, but also some sense of what elements of life for him would be like after the war. congress also was interested in the activities of organizations that were granted congressional charters. many of the charters included the requirement that an annual report be supplied to congress, and these were then ordered to be printed in the serial set. one such organization is the daughters of the american revolution ( dar ). as one would expect, the dar annual reports contain a great deal of genealogical and family history information. the 18th annual report is no exception. among other things, it includes, in appendix a, a list of the graves of almost 3, 000 revolutionary war soldiers. the list includes not just a name and location, but other narrative information as well : abston, john. born jan. 2, 1757 ; died 1856. son of joshua abston, captain of virginia militia ; served two years in war of the american revolution. enlisted from pittsylvania county, va. ; was in capt. john ellis ’ company under col. washington. the evening before the battle of kings mountain, col. washington, who was in command of the starving americans at this point, sent soldiers out to forage for food. at a late hour a steer was driven into camp, killed, and made into a stew. the almost famished soldiers ate the stew, without bread, and slept the sleep of the just. much strengthened by their repast and rest, the next morning they made the gallant charge that won the battle of kings mountain, one of the decisive battles of the american revolution. washington found one of the steer ’ s horns and gave it to abston, a personal friend, who carried it as a powder horn the rest of the war. (


the battle of kings mountain, one of the decisive battles of the american revolution. washington found one of the steer ’ s horns and gave it to abston, a personal friend, who carried it as a powder horn the rest of the war. ( 10 ) another organization whose annual reports appear is the columbia institution for the deaf and dumb, which later became gallaudet university. these reports, found in the annual reports of the secretary of the interior, contain much of what one would expect : lists of faculty and students, enrollment statistics, and other narrative. while that information can help to provide information about one ’ s ancestor ’ s time there, there are other parts of the narrative that include information one would not expect to find. for instance, the 10th annual report for 1867 has a section entitled “ the health of the institution. ” it concerns not the fiscal viability of the institution but rather the occurrences of illness and other calamities. one student from maryland, john a. unglebower, was seized with gastric fever and died : “ he was a boy of exemplary character, whose early death is mourned by all who knew him. ” two other students drowned that year, and the circumstances of their deaths recounted, with the hope that “ they were not unprepared to meet the sudden and unexpected summons. ” ( 11 ) both the faculty and the student body contributed their memorials to these two students in the report. other organizations represented in the serial set are the boy scouts and girl scouts of america, veterans of world war i of the united states, proceedings of the national encampment, united spanish war veterans, the american historical association, and the national convention of disabled american veterans. lists of pensioners the history of pensions provided by the federal government is beyond the scope of this article. however, the serial set is a source of information about who was on the rolls at various times. for instance, an 1818 letter from the secretary of war was published containing a list of the persons who had been added to the pension list since may 28, 1813. the list provides information on the likes of susanna coyle, certificate of pension no. 9, heiress of deceased soldier william coyle, alias coil, a private who received pay of four dollars per month. ( 12 ) sundry lists of pensions appeared in 1850, related to the regulation of navy, privateer, and navy hospital funds. the report included four lists : those placed in the invalid list who were injured while in the line of duty ; those drawing pensions


12 ) sundry lists of pensions appeared in 1850, related to the regulation of navy, privateer, and navy hospital funds. the report included four lists : those placed in the invalid list who were injured while in the line of duty ; those drawing pensions from wounds received while serving on private armed vessels ; widows drawing pensions from their husbands who were engineers, firemen, and coal - heavers ; and orphan children of officers, seamen, and marines pensioned under the act of august 11, 1848. ( 13 ) one of the most widely consulted lists is that for 1883, “ list of pensioners on the roll, january 1, 1883 ” ( senate executive document 84 [ 47 - 2 ] ). this five - volume title, arranged by state and then county of residence, provides a list of each pensioner ’ s name, his post office, the monthly amount received, the date of the original allowance, the reason for the pension, and the certificate number. an example is the case of eli g. biddle, who served in the 54th massachusetts. biddle can be found on page 439 of volume 5 of the “ list, ” and a researcher can learn several things without even having seen his pension file : his middle name is george, he was living in boston in 1883, and he was receiving four dollars each month after having suffered a gunshot wound in the right shoulder. his pension certificate number is also provided 99, 053 and with that one could easily order the appropriate records from the national archives. the serial set serves as a source of military registers and other lists of government personnel as well. both army and navy registers appear after 1896. the army registers for 1848 – 1860 and the navy registers for 1848 – 1863 are transcripts of the lists that appeared the preceding january and include pay and allowances, with corrections to that earlier edition for deaths and resignations. the official register, or “ blue book, ” a biannual register of the employees of the federal government, appears for 10 years, from 1883 to 1893. if one ’ s ancestors were employees at this time, their current location and position, place from which they were appointed, date of appointment, and annual compensation can be gleaned from this source. the serial set often provides unexpected finds, and the area of registers is no exception. there is a great deal of material on the civil war, from the 130 volumes of the official records of the war of the rebellion to other investigations and the aforementioned registers and lists of pensions. there are not, however


area of registers is no exception. there is a great deal of material on the civil war, from the 130 volumes of the official records of the war of the rebellion to other investigations and the aforementioned registers and lists of pensions. there are not, however, large amounts of compiled unit histories. one exception, however, is the report from the adjutant general of arkansas. shortly after the civil war, the adjutant general offices of the various union states prepared reports detailing the activities of the men from their states. the same was done in arkansas, but the state legislature there, “ under disloyal control, ” declined to publish the report. senator henry wilson of massachusetts, chairman of the senate committee on military affairs, brought it to the committee in 1867, and it was ordered to be printed in the serial set so that the loyal activities of these 10, 000 men would be recognized. ( 14 ) the report includes brief histories of each unit as well as a roster of the unit and rank, enlistment date, and other notes on each soldier. accessing information in the serial set the indexing for the serial set has long been troublesome to researchers. various attempts have been made to provide subject access, with varying degrees of success. many of the indexes in the volumes themselves are primarily title indexes to the reports from that congress and session. the checklist of united states public documents, 1789 – 1909, does provide information about what reports listed therein do appear in the serial set, but the researcher has to know the name of the issuing agency in order to access that information. the document index provides some subject indexing by congress, and other efforts such as those by john ames and benjamin poore can also be used, but none index the tables and contents of many of the reports that have been discussed in this article. ( 15 ) the best comprehensive print index is the congressional information service ’ s ( cis ) u. s. serial set index, produced in conjunction with their microfilming of the volumes through 1969 beginning in the mid - 1970s. in this index, a two - volume subject index covers groups of congresses, with a third volume providing an index to individual names for relief actions, as well as a complete numerical list in each report / document category. the index, however, does not index the contents of the documents. for instance, although the title given for the archibald jackson land claim includes james gammons ’ s name, the latter does not appear in the index to private relief actions. in addition, users must often


does not index the contents of the documents. for instance, although the title given for the archibald jackson land claim includes james gammons ’ s name, the latter does not appear in the index to private relief actions. in addition, users must often be creative in the terms applied in order to be sure that they have exhausted all possibilities. in the mid - 1990s cis released these indexes on cd - rom, which makes them somewhat easier to use, although the contents are essentially the same. the indexing problems have been rectified by the digitization of the serial set. at least two private companies, lexisnexis and readex, have digitized it and made it full - text searchable. [ the serial set and american state papers are available in genealogybank. click here to search them online ] this article can only hint at some of the genealogical possibilities that can be found in the congressional serial set. it has not touched on the land survey, railroad, western exploration, or lighthouse keeper ’ s reports or many of the private relief petitions and claims. nonetheless, the reports and documents in the serial set provide a tremendous and varied amount of information for researchers interested in family history. jeffery hartley is chief librarian for the archives library information center ( alic ). a graduate of dickinson college and the university of maryland ’ s college of library and information services, he joined the national archives and records administration in 1990. 1 for a more complete description of the american state papers, and their genealogical relevance, see chris naylor, “ those elusive early americans : public lands and claims in the american state papers, 1789 – 1837, ” prologue : quarterly of the national archives and records administration 37 ( summer 2005 ) : 54 – 61. 2 h. rept. 78 ( 21 - 2 ), 1831, “ archibald jackson ” ( serial 210 ). 3 h. rept. 818 ( 25 - 2 ), 1838, “ land claims between perdido and mississippi ” serial 335. 4 s. doc. 3 ( 16 - 2 ), 1820, “ reports of the land commissioners at jackson court house ” ( serial 42 ). 5 h. misc. doc. 32 ( 48 - 2 ), 1882, “ 3rd annual report of the bureau of ethnology ” ( serial 2317 ). 6 h. doc. 35 ( 28 - 1 ), 1844, “ annual report of solicitor of the treasury ” ( serial 441 ), p. 37. 7 h. doc. 1348 ( 61 -


##ology ” ( serial 2317 ). 6 h. doc. 35 ( 28 - 1 ), 1844, “ annual report of solicitor of the treasury ” ( serial 441 ), p. 37. 7 h. doc. 1348 ( 61 - 3 ), 1911, “ annual report of the commissioner of patents for the year 1910 ″ ( serial 6020 ). 8 h. exec. doc. 62 ( 39 - 1 ), 1867, “ annual report of the commissioner of patents for the year 1865 ″ ( serial 1257 - 1259 ). 9 h. exec. doc. 108 ( 39 - 1 ), 1866, “ artificial limbs furnished to soldiers ” ( serial 1263 ). 10 s. doc. 392 ( 64 - 1 ), 1916, “ eighteenth report of the national society of the daughters of the american revolution, october 11, 1914, to october 11, 1915 ″ ( serial 6924 ), p. 155. 11 h. exec. doc. 1 ( 40 - 2 ), “ tenth annual report of the columbia institution for the deaf and dumb ” ( serial 1326 ), pp. 429 – 430. 12 h. doc. 35 ( 15 - 1 ), 1818 ( serial 6 ), p. 17. 13 see h. ex. doc. 10 ( 31 - 2 ), 1850, “ sundry lists of pensioners ” ( serial 597 ). 14 see s. misc. doc 53 ( 39 - 2 ), 1867, “ report of the adjutant general for the state of arkansas, for the period of the late rebellion, and to november 1, 1866 ″ ( serial 1278 ). 15 a good discussion of how some of these indexes work can be found in mary lardgaard, “ beginner ’ s guide to indexes to the nineteenth century u. s. serial set, ” government publications review 2 ( 1975 ) : 303 – 311.


it is obvious that some people are more successful in different intellectual domains than others. gardner ' s multiple intelligences suggests eight different domains of intellectual skill people can identify with. the domains consist of the following, in which people can score any level in all categories : linguistic, logico - mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily - kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal and naturalistic. although his model is impossible to falsify, this idea is important because it serves as a good starting point in which scientists can begin distinguishing what qualifies as an " intelligence " versus a talent. however, it is possible that talents and intelligence are actually the same, when intelligence is defined among gardner ' s approach. it is impossible to say einstein had a talent in math yet didn ' t identify with that intelligence. a causation approach seems to be inapplicable because research points towards intelligence being considerably stable, while talents can be improved... yet those talents remain in the same realm as its partnering intelligence. this article talks about how there is a controversy on the misuse of his idea into new teaching methods. however, who said that just because someone is intelligent in music means that they will all of a sudden learn geography classes significantly better based on singing the information? they would simply just excel in the musical part of tasks, further concluding their continued talent / intelligence. as suggested in the text, i prefer to conclude i have an intelligence in humor, but one could beg to differ. overall, i now wonder if someones iq could actually be the degree in which every arguable intelligence is taken into consideration, then somehow calculated. the wais test seems to imply there are different areas of intelligence, so why not add them all...? oh, how psychology is incredibly ambiguous. multiple intelligences : possibly interchangeable with talent? trackback url : http : / / blog. lib. umn. edu / cgi - bin / mt - tb. cgi / 168052


reflecting on the story of the internal revenue service targeting groups with names that included tea party, patriot or any other name that marks a group as pro constitutional, pro freedom or pro bill of rights, leads us to consider the history of the irs. why would you even approach the irs for blessing? your group is, itself considered to be an enemy of the fed to which the irs owes allegiance. any way they can, the irs will cause opposition to its perceived enemy. did the american army ask the enemy governments to finance them for wwi or wwii? the federal income tax was created in 1913 with the ratification of the 16th amendment to the constitution. before that time the fed ran on “ tariffs. ” using only tariffs was wise, it kept the government constrained to its constitutional duties. there were some high tariffs, which did cause some anger and resulted in the “ tariff of abominations, ” but even that was not so high as to stifle the free enterprise system. and the fed had plenty of money to run what is properly within its scope. in arguments during the consideration of the 16th amendment ( 1909 ), representative samuel mccall ( mass. ) stated “ …. leads me to believe that the chief purpose of the tax is not financial, but social. it is not primarily to raise money for the state, but to regulate the citizen and to regenerate the moral nature of man. the individual citizen will be called on to lay bare the inner - most recesses of his soul in affidavits, and with the aid of the federal inspector, who will supervise his books and papers and business secrets, he may be made to be good, according the notions of virtue at the moment prevailing in washington. ” continue reading →


“ in nine months, a group of children left alone with a computer in any language will reach the same standard as an office secretary in the west. ” ~ dr. sugata mitra one fine day on 26 january 1999, the chief scientist at niit and his team plan to dig a hole in their office wall adjacent to the delhi slum area. they install a freely accessible computer and observe the rest. this computer created instant ripples and the inferences were revolutionary. the slum children not only learn basic computer skills but teach other children as well. this experiment known as the hole in the wall is the discovery of professor sugata mitra. he also coined the concept of minimally invasive education ; a pedagogy under which children driven by curiosity and peer support teach themselves and others. professor sugata mitra had always been fascinated with the idea of unsupervised learning and computers and when finally he put it into practice, it won him another award. on tuesday, february 26. dr. mitra was given the ted award 2013 which grants him $ 1 million to set up his own learning laboratory based on this concept. dr. mitra plans to set up learning spaces that would be totally automated and controlled from the cloud. the supervisor will not be a teacher or a computer expert but only a safety and health supervisor. probably set up in india, these learning spaces would take the hole in the wall experiment to the implementation stage. dr. mitra has been the chief scientist at niit and is currently professor of educational technology at newcastle university, uk. dr. mitra is a winner of “ man of peace award ” from together for peace foundation, usa, and “ social innovation award ” from institute of social inventions, uk. he has also been given the “ dewang mehta award ” by the government of india in recognition for his work related to hole - in - the - wall. according to dr. mitra, the learners of the new age need two things. a broadband connection and a teacher to stand back. he says, “ the victorians were great engineers. they engineered a [ schooling ] system that was so robust that it ’ s still with us today, continuously producing identical people for a machine that no longer exists. ” we were fortunate enough to have prof. mitra with us in one of the wiziq conversations. you can revisit his works and words anytime. professor mitra was self - taught and has a firm belief that others can do the same through technology and


hpv virus is linked to 25, 000 cancers over five years. the human wart virus known as hpv caused 25, 000 cases of cancer in the united states between 1998 and 2003, including not only cervical cancer but also anal and mouth cancers, the u. s. centers for disease control and prevention reported on monday. the study suggests the need for screening of both men and women to be expanded for human papillomavirus, or hpv, said another team of researchers, who did a similar study. hpv includes about 100 different viruses, and they are the leading cause of cervical cancer. the viruses, transmitted sexually and by skin - to - skin contact, can also cause anal and penile cancers, as well as cancers of the mouth and throat. hpv also causes common warts. both merck and co. and glaxosmithkline make vaccines against some of the strains of hpv most strongly linked with cervical cancer, but not all. the vaccines are recommended for girls and young women who have not yet become sexual activity. ” currently available hpv vaccines have the potential to reduce the rates of hpv - associated cancers, like oral and anal cancers, that are currently on the rise and for which there is no effective or widely applied screening programs, ” the cdc ’ s dr. mona saraiya, who led the study, said in a statement. “ this gives us baseline data to measure the impact of hpv vaccine and cervical cancer screening programs in reducing the incidence of cervical cancer and other hpv - associated cancers …. ” sleep is seen as the newest obesity fighter. consistently getting a good night ’ s sleep may help protect children from becoming overweight adults, a study published monday suggests. researchers found that among more than 1, 000 people followed from birth to age 32, those who got too little sleep as children were more likely than their well - rested counterparts to become obese adults, reuters news reports. the link between sleep deprivation during childhood and obesity risk later in life held up even when the researchers figured in things like the impact of a child ’ s weight or tv habits, and adulthood exercise level. all of this supports the idea that early sleep habits have a direct effect on weight in the long term, according to dr. robert john hancox, the study ’ s senior author. “ although we cannot prove that this is a cause - and - effect relationship, ” he told reuters health, “ this study provides strong evidence that it probably is. ” eating more fish can help


mississippians know the strength of longleaf pines. these native trees braved hurricane katrina 48 percent better than their loblolly cousins. even so, the ancient longleaf pine forests of the south are a threatened ecosystem. these forests once dominated the region, spanning 90 million acres. now, they cover just 3 million acres. as longleaf habitat disappears, so do many important and endangered species, like the gopher tortoise, which rely on it. the gopher tortoise is considered a keystone species in longleaf pine habitat, with more than 300 different vertebrate and invertebrate species relying on burrows dug by the reptiles for their homes. longleaf pine forests are home to at least 122 endangered or threatened plant and animal species. in addition, they can contain as many as 300 different species of groundcover plants per acre, and about 60 percent of the amphibian and reptile species found in the southeast. usda ’ s natural resources conservation service ( nrcs ) wants to restore longleaf forests to their former glory with the help of landowners like orby wright of purvis, miss. the healthy forests reserve program ( hfrp ) offered by nrcs allows wright to manage his tall stands of longleaf pines and the blanket of legumes and forbs across the understory of his quail hollow ranch. hfrp is one of several programs in the tool chest of the longleaf pine initiative, a nine - state effort to bolster longleaf pine forests. forbs are clovers, sunflowers, milkweed and other common wildflowers typical of the mississippi forest floor. both forbs and legumes provide sustenance and cover for a wide range of wildlife. wright purchased about 2, 000 acres four years ago from a pecan company. the land boasts longleaf pines of different ages — some are decades old, while others are just saplings. with the help of nrcs, wright has planted new longleaf pines while taking care of his older, taller trees. a healthy longleaf pine ecosystem requires occasional fires. many years ago, wildfires frequented the longleaf landscape, creating food for wildlife and providing other benefits. to help maintain this rugged habitat, wright has installed fire lanes and carries out prescribed burns, all with nrcs ’ assistance. so far, nrcs programs have helped restore 1, 641 acres of longleaf pines in mississippi and assisted in prescribed burns on 1, 812 acres. in lamar county, where wright lives, 669


millennial themes : age, education, services december 01, 1999 the bureau of labor statistics recently released its work force projections for the period 1998 - 2008. some of the themes that may be important to watch unfolding over the next several years include : - the continuing aging of the labor force. the median age of workers is projected to rise to nearly 41 years. at that level, the median age of the labor force will just exceed the previous high of 40. 5 years reached in 1962. - the growing importance of education. occupations that require at least an associate degree will account for 40 percent of all job growth out to 2008, compared to a one - quarter share of all jobs that existed in 1998. - the dominance of the service - producing sector as a source of employment growth. in the projection period — 1998 to 2008 — the service sector will account for more than 90 percent of job growth. projections of the labor force and the industrial and occupational composition of employment are a product of the employment projections program. to find out more, see articles from the november 1999 issue of monthly labor review. bureau of labor statistics, u. s. department of labor, the editor ' s desk, millennial themes : age, education, services on the internet at http : / / www. bls. gov / opub / ted / 1999 / nov / wk5 / art03. htm ( visited may 21, 2013 ). spotlight on statistics : productivity this edition of spotlight on statistics examines labor productivity trends from 2000 through 2010 for selected industries and sectors within the nonfarm business sector of the u. s. economy. read more »


combined gas law the combined gas law combines charles law, boyle s law and gay lussac s law. the combined gas law states that a gas pressure x volume x temperature = constant. alright. in class you should have learned about the three different gas laws. the first one being boyle ' s law and it talks about the relationship between pressure and volume of a particular gas. the next one should be charles law which talks about the volume and temperature of a particular gas. and the last one should be gay lussac ' s law which talks about the relationship between pressure and temperature of a particular gas. okay. but what happens when you have pressure, volume and temperature all changing? well, we ' re actually going to combine these gas laws to form one giant gas law called the combined gas law. okay. if you notice then these three gas laws the pressure and volume are always in the numerator. so we ' re going to keep them on the numerator. p1v1. and notice the temperature is in the denominator over t1. so all these things are just squished into one and then p2v2 over t2. okay. so this is what we ' re going to call the combined gas law. so let ' s actually get an example and do one together. alright, so i have a problem up here that says a gas at 110 kilo pascals and 33 celsius fills a flexible container with an initial volume of two litres, okay? if the temperature is raised to 80 degrees celsius and the pressure is raised to 440 kilo pascals, what is the new volume? okay. so notice we have three variables. we ' re talking about pressure, temperature and volume. okay, so now we ' re going to employ this combined gas law dealing with all three of these variables. so we ' re going to look at our first, our first number 110 kilo pascals and that ' s going to, that is the unit of pressure. so we know that ' s p1. our p1 is 110 kilo pascals, at 30 degree celsius. i don ' t like things with celsius so i ' m going to change this to kelvin. so i ' m going to add 273 to that which makes it 303 kelvin. that ' s our temperature. and my initial volume is two litres so i ' m going to say v1 = 2 litres. okay then i continue reading. if the temperature is raised at 80


to add 273 to that which makes it 303 kelvin. that ' s our temperature. and my initial volume is two litres so i ' m going to say v1 = 2 litres. okay then i continue reading. if the temperature is raised at 80 degree celsius, again we want it in kelvin, so we ' re going to add 273 making it to 353. so our t2 is 353 kelvin and the pressure increased to 440 kilo pascals, the pressure p2 is equal to 440 kilo pascals which i ' m very happy that i kept it in kilo pascals that i kept it in kilo pascals. i ' ve got to make sure these units are the same because pressure can be measured in several different units. i ' m going to make sure all units are the same. and what is the new volume? so our v2 is our variable, what we ' re trying to find. okay. so let ' s basically plug all these variable in into our combined gas law to figure out what the new volume would be. okay. so i ' m going to erase this and say our pressure one is 110 kilo pascals. our volume one is two litres. our temperature one is 303 kelvin. our pressure two is 440 kilo pascals. we don ' t know our volume so we ' re just going to say v2 over 353 kelvin. okay. when i ' m looking for a variable i ' m going to cross multiply these guys. so i ' m going to say 353 times 110 times 2 and that should give me seven, 77660, if you put that in a calculator. so i just cross multiply these guys. and i cross multiply these guys 303 times 440 times v2 gives me 133320v2. okay, so then i want to get my, i want to isolate my variable, so i ' m going to divide 133320. 133320. and i find that my new volume is 0. 58. 0. 58 metres. and that is how you do the combined gas law.


disease outbreaks, such as cholera, are commonly thought to happen after earthquakes and other natural disasters, but studies have found no evidence to support this. and the persistence of this belief may be hurting relief efforts. the devastating earthquake in haiti in january 2010 was followed by a deadly cholera outbreak. many saw this as an inevitable outcome of the disaster, as poor sanitary conditions combined with numerous dead bodies and survivors housed in cramped quarters to produce an incubator for deadly diseases. “ it ’ s what all of us worried about when we arrived in haiti just hours after the quake, ” said nbc ' s brian williams, according to popular science. “ beyond the death toll, the inevitable spread of disease. ” however, a forensic analysis of the outbreak has shown that it had very little to do with either the earthquake or the conditions in haiti afterwards. the spread of the disease was traced back to a small military base, that was built years before, and its faulty sanitation system that allowed human fecal matter to pollute the nearby river. analysis of the strain of vibrio cholerae that swept through the haitian population showed that it was identical to the one that was infecting people in nepal, where some of the soldiers at the base were stationed before they joined the haiti relief efforts. [ more geekquinox : man maps out stunning earth - like mars ] the problem with the belief in the ' inevitability ' of the outbreak, according to what journalist and author jonathan m. katz wrote in his popsci article, is " most journalists and responders shrugged off cholera as a natural product of the disaster. the attitude made epidemiologists and aid workers less likely to seek out the source of what was in fact a particular infection not only new to haiti, but the entire hemisphere. " " and it has since continued to provide cover for the united nations as advocates press for reparations, and public health experts try to reform the peacekeeping system to prevent such a catastrophic error from happening again. " he added. " conditioned to look for a problem that wasn ’ t there, responders ignored the greatest public health threat of all : themselves. "


water, united states, north america, government, membranes quenching a desert community ' s thirst desalination facilities create sustainable water supply for el paso in the arid southwestern united states, el paso water utilities was challenged by limited freshwater resources. to create a sustainable drinking water supply, the utility formed a unique partnership with fort bliss army base, and implemented the 27. 5 - million - gallon - per - day ( mgd ) kay bailey hutchison desalination facilities — north america ’ s largest desalination plant. north america ’ s largest desalination system applies reverse osmosis membranes to treat brackish groundwater and uses deep - well injection for inland disposal of concentrate — delivering reliable, economical drinking water to a growing desert community. the $ 87 million, state - of - the - art project taps brackish groundwater beneath the desert floor. we uniquely applied and refined reverse osmosis membranes — a proven technology for coastal desalination — for this inland application. fueled by solar energy, deep - well injection safely deposits 3 - mgd of concentrate more than 3, 500 feet below ground with no adverse environmental impacts. supported by this new drinking water supply, the army increased personnel and operations at fort bliss, supporting military readiness and benefiting the local economy. this flagship project demonstrates a holistic water supply approach — integrating fresh groundwater, brackish groundwater and surface water to maximize limited supplies. it will serve as a model and center of learning for other communities that are looking for sustainable options to meet their long - term water needs.


previous | next | title although the process of forming national constitutions in european states began more than two centuries ago, the actual texts of eu member state constitutions all date from the present century, with the single, obvious exception of the british constitution. the venerable british texts merit an obligatory nod of tribute to that paradoxical cradle of the constitutional state. a few european constitutional texts are the cumulative result of successive reforms of texts originally drafted in the nineteenth century or earlier, and are found in those societies that managed to avoid the dramatic upheavals which punctuate the histories of other european states. the majority of the constitutions were promulgated after the second world war, following governmental ruptures of varying intensity and duration. a final group of texts have their origin in the inter - war period and were drafted concurrent to the creation, or re - creation, of their corresponding states. the " reformed " texts often contain some structural traces of their origins in the preservation of the monarchy, or in the use of traditional formulae. however, the depth of the changes that were carried out makes it virtually impossible to establish clear distinctions, based upon constitutional content, between these and the newer texts. even those differences arising from the opposition of monarchy and republic are difficult to delineate clearly, in part due to the anomaly presented by spain. the spanish constitution is a new constitution, but it is also monarchical. in addition, the opposition in spain to the constitutional order is no longer of political importance. the king of spain is reputed to have stated long before his coronation that " my aspiration is to be king of a spanish republic " - a sentiment that acknowledged the reality that european monarchies are nothing more than republics with crowns. this set of cases includes belgium, denmark, luxembourg, the netherlands, and sweden. the swedish instrument of government, the oldest written constitution in europe, dates from 1720. prolonged and serious ruptures occurred in germany, spain, greece, italy, and portugal. in france the rupture brought about by the vichy regime was shorter and concluded with the constitution of 1946. a new and clear break occurred in 1958 when political circumstances surrounding the army revolt in algeria led to the replacement of the 1946 constitution. included here are the cases of austria, finland, and ireland. these constitutions have a number of distinctive characteristics which are not considered here. in the case of belgium, the extent of the constitutional reform affected the very contour of the state. previous | next | title top of the page


- autonomy and freedom from bureaucratic rules - choice for parents, so they can choose to leave schools that fail them and go to schools that they think will do better - a willingness to take risks - a willingness to close or replace innovations and charters that fail here ' s what i think is the key passage : how much risk and failure are we willing to tolerate to create much better schools for students who don ’ t have them today? or, put another way, if i told you there was a way to create 10 outstanding networks of schools for students who lack decent educational options now but that the cost of doing this would be the creation of four lousy networks of schools, would you take the deal? critics of charter schools say this choice is a false one and that we should instead focus on improving existing schools. but their argument ignores the immediacy of educational failure. we ’ re talking about communities where public schools are not failing just a little but where the catastrophe of broken lives unfolds every school year, places where less than half of high schoolers graduate and where fewer than one in ten students finish college by their mid - 20s. and let ’ s not forget, despite all the noise about turning around persistently failing schools, that successful turnarounds are like snow leopards — more mythical than actually observed. charter proponents also disagree with the lose - some - to - win - some premise. their main argument against it is that bad charters can be shut down. it ’ s true that this does happen — government officials have refused to renew some charters — but it ’ s proving to be more difficult in practice than in theory. there is an old saw in education that closing a school is like moving a cemetery : you get very little help from the inside. charter parents and teachers often resist school closures just like their counterparts in the traditional system, and today there are not enough effective — read strong — charter school authorizers around the country. and i agree with that completely. if we want to achieve great success, the only way to figure out what works better is to try new approaches, and some of those approaches will not succeed - - may even be worse than already exists. but the difference is the choice that parents have. leaving just the monopoly system without real variety and choice for parents shackles students to a school and a system that has been mediocre or worse for decades. when charters fail, there are no shackles, and parents can freely leave to greener pastures. however, utah also faces the same con


for parents shackles students to a school and a system that has been mediocre or worse for decades. when charters fail, there are no shackles, and parents can freely leave to greener pastures. however, utah also faces the same conundrum from the study noted above, namely that parents and school officials often resist the closure of a charter just like the same groups do at traditional schools. that makes it politically difficult to pull the closing trigger, and it ' s never actually happened in utah. i ' m a free - market guy who generally believes that if parents are satisfied enough to stay a a school, even if the bureaucracy or the government doesn ' t like it, we should give deference to what parents are choosing as the best option for their kid, even if the system thinks they shouldn ' t. finding the balance between parental choice and public accountability is a tricky balance. so, i suggest that utah needs the following : - expansion of charter schools, particularly successful charter schools, so that parents ' choices are not limited by mile - long waiting lists ; - school districts that embrace innovation, relying less on boundaries, and that really empower schools to innovate and achieve - - along with the inherent risks that come with allowing parents to choose to leave ; - a realistic mechanism to close or replace failing schools, both traditional and charter, including making it easier to convert a traditional school to a charter ( the state charter board has made progress in this area, but i believe they also need an enrollment trigger ) ; - real freedom in schools to allow for the variety that gives families real choices, including freedom in whom they hire, what they teach ( let a school decide that more time teaching reading is more important than teaching how to use laundry detergent ), and how they spend money ; - no fear to try something and fail.


epilepsy phenome / genome project ( epgp ) the purpose of this study is to collect detailed information about the characteristics and genetics of a large number of individuals with epilepsy. | study design : | | observational model : case control time perspective : prospective | official title : | | epilepsy phenome / genome project : a phenotype / genotype analysis of epilepsy | - epgp will recruit persons with specific forms of epilepsy. dna will be isolated from participants ' blood and genetic variants associated with common forms of epilepsy will be identified. [ time frame : over 4. 5 years ] [ designated as safety issue : no ] biospecimen retention : samples with dna | study start date : | | november 2007 | | estimated study completion date : | | december 2013 | | estimated primary completion date : | | december 2012 ( final data collection date for primary outcome measure ) | individuals with epilepsy epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders and is a major public health concern. approximately 30 percent of people with epilepsy have medically intractable epilepsy, and the medical and social consequences of the disorder are enormous. treatments developed for epilepsy have largely been experimental rather than based on knowledge of basic mechanisms because the mechanisms are poorly understood. the epilepsy phenome / genome project ( epgp ) is a large - scale, international, multi - institutional, collaborative research project aimed at advancing the understanding of the genetic basis of the most common forms of epilepsy. the overall goal of epgp is to collect detailed, high quality phenotypic ( i. e., characteristics of individuals, from the molecular level to the whole person ) information on persons with epilepsy and to compare the phenotypic information with genomic information. epgp will provide a resource that may lead to many discoveries related to the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy, including the eventual development of new therapies based on a better understanding of causes of the disorder. show 25 study locations | principal investigator : | | daniel lowenstein, md | | university of california, san francisco, department of neurology | | principal investigator : | | ruben kuzniecky, md | | new york university, comprehensive epilepsy center |


cybercrime costs $ 388 billion dollars in annual losses globally and it affected almost 7 in 10 adults last year. this week norton is released the results of the norton cybercrime report 2011, a study on the impact of cybercrime that included a survey of over 12, 000 adults in 24 countries. this provides an important and accurate picture of the scope of cybercrime globally and the results are shocking! every day of the past year, over 1 million online adults in 24 countries experienced cybercrime. this can also be broken down to 50, 000 victims per hour, 820 victims per minute, or 14 victims every second. in just the last 12 months 44 % of people have been a victim of cybercrime while only 15 % have been a victim of physical crime in the same period. i regularly meet with law enforcement who are fighting cybercrime. the above statistics clearly illustrate the biggest challenge faced by law enforcement — the enormous scope of the problem. with so many victims in many different countries, police can successfully stop one cybercriminal but still be left with thousands of more cases. the police do a great job trying to stop cybercrime but the problem requires significantly more resources than are currently being devoted to stop it. only 21 % of people in the norton study reported the cybercrime to law enforcement. this also creates a significant problem for police and prosecutors. some prosecutors will only accept cases that exceed a certain amount of victims or high level of damages. us law allows federal prosecutors to combine multiple victims into a common case if the crime is linked. this is critical in many cybercrime cases where there may be a small number of victims who have lost a relatively small amount individually. however, failure to report cybercrime prevents law enforcement from effectively addressing the problem. finally, the key message of this report is one of hope. despite the really frightening statistics on the scale of cybercrime, cybercrime is still largely a preventable crime. globally the three most common reported forms of cybercrime were viruses, online scams, and phishing attacks. all of these crimes are largely preventable by following good security practices and using updated security software. i have worked with crime victims in some capacity for over a decade now. nobody wants to be a victim. the police are trying to help but it is an extremely rare cybercrime case in which a victim actually recovers their lost money. time dealing with cybercrime is also lost forever. it is far better to use good security software and


expanding community resources : a collaborative effort - chapter 7. teaching and learning basic invasion - game tactics in 4th grade : a descriptive study from situated and constraints theoretical perspectives. rovegno, inez ; nevett, michael ; brock, sheri ; babiarz, matthew / / journal of teaching in physical education ; jul2001, vol. 20 issue 4, p370 focuses on the description of invasion - game tactics using theoretical perspective. implication of the content, instruction and learning ; recognition of the qualitative data ; identification of the high - ability and low - ability group. - the learning revolution : perched at the millennium. o ' banion, terry / / community college week ; 01 / 12 / 98, vol. 10 issue 12, p4 opinion. comments on the shift which has emerged in education in the united states, focusing on that change in community colleges. what this shift emerged initially as ; how some observers characterized this shift ; need for overhauling the architecture of education. - feedback. kelley, susan ; jones, barbara ; gordon, brian / / community college week ; 07 / 27 / 98, vol. 10 issue 26, p5 presents several feedback from educators on the learning revolution. problems with student learning ; measurement of the effectiveness of teaching ; support for and conversation about learning colleges. - what ' s your learning style? / / current health 1 ; oct96 1 of 2, vol. 20 issue 2, p23 describes a variety of learning styles. visual learning ; aural learning ; cooperative learning ; highlights of a teacher - students discussion on learning styles. - the notebook. white, elizabeth ross / / christian science monitor ; 6 / 16 / 98, vol. 90 issue 140, pb2 offers news briefs related to learning. gorp. com, a web site that provides outdoor recreation information ; details on the children ' s scholarship fund ; maine college of art exchange program with hanoi fine arts college in vietnam ; ministers to teach religion in a public high school in buena... - alignment and gategory learning. lassaline, mary e. ; murphy, gregory l. / / journal of experimental psychology. learning, memory & cognition ; jan1998, vol. 24 issue 1, p144 presents information on a series of studies which shows that alignment is involved in category learning. details on the experiments ; results of the experiments ; discussion on the experiments. - dynamic changes in hypermnesia across early and late tests ; a relation / item - specific account.


a series of studies which shows that alignment is involved in category learning. details on the experiments ; results of the experiments ; discussion on the experiments. - dynamic changes in hypermnesia across early and late tests ; a relation / item - specific account. mcdaniel, mark a. ; moore, brent a. ; whiteman, howard l. / / journal of experimental psychology. learning, memory & cognition ; jan1998, vol. 24 issue 1, p173 presents information on experiments which tested predictions derived from r. r. hunt, and m. a. mcdaniel ' s relational / item - specific account of hypermnesia. methodology of the experiments ; results of the experiments ; discussion on the experiments. - influences of temporal organization on sequence learning and transfer : comments on stadler ( 1995 ).. dominey, peter ford / / journal of experimental psychology. learning, memory & cognition ; jan1998, vol. 24 issue 1, p234 investigates the hypothesis that both the serial order of events and their temporal organization influence the internal representation of a sequence and thus influence its learnability. methodology of the investigation ; results of the investigation ; discussion on the investigation. - helping your child learn. / / humpty dumpty ' s magazine ; dec96, vol. 44 issue 8, p34 suggests techniques to encourage learning in children. promotion of reading by setting up a home library ; telling of family stories ; meeting with teachers.


last updated : feb 17, 2012 fair trade is a sales model that honors each participant in the production and purchase process. it focuses on sustainability and protection of the environment, and is rooted in fair economic practices and interpersonal connections. when you purchase an item labeled as fair trade, you are helping support fair prices, environmental protections, direct trade, fair labor conditions, and local communities. why buy fair trade our modern world economy puts a heavy focus on the bottom line : in the decision between two similar products, price is usually the deciding factor. however, this practice often discriminates against small farmers, craftsmen, and labor cooperatives, since their per - unit production and materials costs are higher than those of mass producers. additionally, major manufacturers may employ unjust business practices, such as low wages or poor worker rights, to maintain low prices for their finished products. fair trade, on the other hand, honors the developing world ' s small businesses and promotes equal rights for workers and producers around the world. additionally, this business model supports social development, helping fund schools and community growth, and directly benefits some of the world ' s poorest communities. fair price & fair labor the international fair trade labeling organization sets the price for all fair trade certified™ products, ensuring that each item is priced justly. by these standards, a fair price adequately covers the cost the production and living wages for workers. a living wage is defined as sufficient to cover medical care, education, food, shelter and cost of living. fair trade companies, farmers and artisans respect their environment and engage in sustainable production. for example, fair trade farmers avoid the use of most agrochemicals by employing natural methods like crop rotation and biological pest control. almost 85 % of fair trade certified™ coffee is produced organically. the conventional supply chain employs many intermediaries – buyers, exporters, and importers, among others. fair trade supports a more direct route, connecting a producer or cooperative to a fair trade distributor, then to the store. this process allows for less profit dilution, and fosters long - term relationships between producers and importers. support local communities without fair trade, artisans, farmers and cooperatives from small, developing communities would not have access to the global market. by purchasing fair trade items produced by these workers, you contribute directly to their local economy. in fact, many fair trade producers invest profits back into their businesses and communities. additionally, all fair trade sales include a " social premium, " which is a set fee paid to the cooperative that


influenza, or “ the flu, ” is a contagious viral infection of the nose, throat, and lungs which occurs most often in the late fall, winter, and early spring. flu is a serious infection which is associated, on average, with more than 200, 000 hospitalizations due to flu related complications and can lead to thousands of deaths every year in the united states. “ no one wants to spread the flu to family, friends, or colleagues. yet many of us admit to tossing our manners aside when we have the flu, ” said anna post, great - great - granddaughter of emily post and co - author of the 18th edition of emily post ’ s etiquette. “ knowing how to politely cancel an event you ’ re hosting or how to avoid shaking your client ’ s hand because you ’ re sick can help avoid a potentially difficult and awkward situation. by following appropriate flu etiquette, we can all play a role in preventing the spread of the flu virus. ” the emily post institute offers the following etiquette tips to manage common situations where the flu virus might be spread from one person to another : 1. share space, not the flu – covering sneezes and coughs is a good habit all year round, especially during flu season. the flu virus can spread up to six feet away from coughing, sneezing, or even just talking. 2. know when to take a sick day – the flu is highly contagious and the people you work with don ’ t want to get sick. knowing the symptoms of flu versus a cold is important so you know when to take a sick day and see a doctor. remember the acronym f. a. c. t. s. to recognize if you might have the flu ( fever, aches, chills, tiredness with sudden onset ). 3. in tight quarters – it ’ s tough to point out someone ’ s behavior mid - flight with hours left to go. however, flu is highly contagious. if there ’ s no other seat available, consider saying, “ i can see you ’ re not feeling well — would you mind covering your mouth when you cough? thanks. ” most people when prompted are eager to show good manners and do the right thing. “ every year, millions of americans get influenza. we are all personally responsible for helping to control its spread, ” says susan j. rehm, md, medical director at the national foundation for infectious diseases ( nfid ). “ the centers for disease control and


in 1996, the phoenix zoo ' s first pair of wolves, chico and rosa, gave birth to 3 pups. the female pup was chosen by the american zoo and aquarium association ' s species survival plan and the mexican wolf recovery team to be paired up with a male wolf and released into the wild. on may 7, 1999 chico and his new mate, eureka, produced one healthy pup that was later sent to another breeding facility. in 2003 eureka was retired to southwest wildlife rehabilitation center where she lives with a retired male. currently the zoo has sonora and morela, both females born in 2001. the related females are held on exhibit in the arizona trail. there are no current plans to breed them. they are part of the ssp and are being housed in a large, naturalistic exhibit meant to properly interpret their current habitat type. other species in the same area representing northeastern arizona are thick billed parrots, bobcats, and a mountain lion. the wolves at the phoenix zoo are managed in a way so that the least amount of interaction as possible is made between them and the animal keepers. this is done to keep the wolves as " wild " as possible, by fostering behaviors and characteristics that will enhance their ability to survive in the wild. wolf awareness week is an interpretive program that is held annually. during this week, lectures, presentations, and stands are set up to increase visitor awareness of wolf issues in general, and of the mexican wolf reintroduction process in particular. - non - invasive research in coordination with the aza ' s reproductive advisory group and the mexican wolf ssp. - coordinated interpretive and research programs in collaboration with southwest wildlife rehabilitation and education foundation, as well as other local and regional ngo ' s and zoos holding wolves in captivity. - review and input into the wolf adaptive management oversight committee of the arizona game and fish department and cooperators during updates and public


record : darwin, c. r. geological diary : port desire. cul - dar34. 29 - 34 transcribed by kees rookmaaker, edited by john van wyhe ( darwin online, http : / / darwin - online. org. uk / ). revision history : transcribed by kees rookmaaker and john van wyhe, corrections by van wyhe and gordon chancellor 1. 2011. rn2 note : this document, part of the largest scientific document composed by darwin during the voyage of the beagle, is written mostly in ink. marginal notes are here integrated into the text. editorial symbols used in the transcription : [ some text ] ' some text ' is an editorial insertion [ some text ] ' some text ' is the conjectured reading of an ambiguous word or passage [ some text ] ' some text ' is a description of a word or passage that cannot be transcribed < > word ( s ) destroyed < some text > ' some text ' is a description of a destroyed word or passage text in small red font is a hyperlink or notes added by the editors. reproduced with the permission of the syndics of cambridge university library and william huxley darwin. n side of river. porphyry. — ascending which you arrive at a dead level plain, much divided & cut up by vallies one side corresponds to the other. — this plain reaches up to the foot of two hills is seen stretching to the west - ward. to the sw. & south of [ river ]. all level forming square pieces of table land. — covered with gravel of porphyry. — endless varieties, & some white quartz. pebbles here the size of r negro but evidently same sort — all water brackish, more or less. v [ bottle ] : is it washing any salt water of old sea? in one valley, which was deep, there was a coating of salt which resembled the salitrales more to the north. — v. specimen. — on the high plain, there are groups of many shells lying thick together, & curiously perfect, considering exposure to weather. — patellae. & mytilus with colour. — ( same as new bay ) not covered with diluvium. — recent sea cause of sterility. — i should imagine gravel 10 20 or 30 feet thick, for beneath this there appears a white. calcareo - sandy clay — clayey sandstone in soft. forming beds. seen in vallies at foot of 2 hills. —


i saw. jan 4th ) are horizontally stratified ; the clay bed is half the thickness of cliff. — the gravel other half & the cliff about ( 80 feet ) or less than quarter the whole range, high plain, where we have seen calc. sandstone. — the organic remains, in the bed & the gypsum in upper part show it to be of same age as great st fe bed. — area greater size. — turritella more numerous. — but yet same general feature. — the calc. sandstone appears to be the same as occurs above oyster beds at r chupat & new bay. — on the — the 2 & 8 [ illeg ] cliffs south west of the ship are curious, they are essentially composed of feldspathic rock, but alternate & pass into each other incessantly. — the common rocks are white hard feldspathic ( 672. 673. 679. ) they generally rest on such as red, hard. porphyry ( 674 ). — which occasionally becomes more crystalline as ( 677 ). — there are no limits to these alternations & passages. another perhaps even more abundant rock a common feldspathic rock 1649, where the universal occurrence of very small rounded pebbles proves the action of water. — this is covered by such ( 674. 647. 1648 red porphyry : jasper porphyry, white [ illeg ] held. rock 1665 1650 ). — the sup more common superior bed is a rock, resembling ferruginous sandstone, but really a soft earthy snow white thick bed with particles of quartz. strikingly resembling calcareous matter. as ( 1651. 1675 ). then the white & red, fine grained, uncrystallized feldspathic rock. — 31 verso [ blank ] the colouring matter of the red varieties, often times tinges the white of a delicate pink sometimes in lines. — at other times, in a horizontal section. in circular patches & parallel bands of white occur in the midst of the red. — v curious drawing on a small scale. — following section will illustrate | dip nw | | dip nnw | | 1 | | rock like 1683. without water lines | | 1683 | | ( like ) | | 2 | | same as 3 but much coarser | | 1668 | | 3 | | ( 1651 ) like mortar | | 1667 | | 4 | | 1674 ( like )


without water lines | | 1683 | | ( like ) | | 2 | | same as 3 but much coarser | | 1668 | | 3 | | ( 1651 ) like mortar | | 1667 | | 4 | | 1674 ( like ) | | 1647 ( like ) | all same dips | 1667 | | 1647. 1648 | | 1672. 1673 | | like | | 1650 | | 1668 | | 1649. like | | 1674 like | coarser variety with pebbles | 1651 | | 1766. 1765 | | east entrance | | ( 1674. 1649 like ) | | 1767 | | 1768 | | clearly junction mark as in f | these rocks are traversed by dykes. of which i found three. 1st had even sides, straight & vertical & composed of the same substance as the surrounding mass, which was ( 1649 ), the central parts. were tinged red. — must be fissure filled up. — the two others were vertical, very tortuous & might be traced for long distance. — it the 2d was composed of rocks such as 1652 & 1672 ; about a foot thick — i could not perceive it altered the rocks. — it cut curious chemical nature all the beds, untill impeached the earthy feldspar, like 1651 & others something like 1683. — 3d & thus [ sand ] in a ne & sw course an e & w course. — the 3d dyke was composed of rock ( 1670 ) with much mica & ran s & n — a small dyke of this nature cut through dyke 2d. — in one or two places there are conglomerate beds beneath such rocks as 1649. — 1672. 1673. 74, always of a dark red colour. — they are composed of pebbles of a size of sand to that of a mans head. — the pebbles are of highly crystalline porphiries such as do not now exist near here. — they have been deposited in rapid current. from the stratification, general dip of beds same as usual. — from this & such specimens as ( 1783 ) with water lines i conclude all these rocks have been formed under water. — if i had only seen a section such as f. i should have thought ( 1677 ) had been melted & poured over the inferior rocks. — more especially as the junction is slightly inducted. — whatever origin of 1679 is it must be the same for all porphiries 1634 - - 39. for where section f is ; the cliffs end & great porphyritic formation


inferior rocks. — more especially as the junction is slightly inducted. — whatever origin of 1679 is it must be the same for all porphiries 1634 - - 39. for where section f is ; the cliffs end & great porphyritic formation begins of which ( 1677 ) present in external form & nature a good type. — yet i cannot think rocks such as 1681. which pass into 1675. & such, 1673.,. 1674. which lie over rocks of aqueous origin such rocks as 1673 passing into. 1649 & pass into each other & alternate without marked change can owe their origins to such different causes as fire & water. section f is interesting, where porphyry 1677 dips into the sea. i thought it belonged to the range of hills behind the fort — it was only at its outcrop. i saw it overlying such rocks as 1678. 1679. ) & other coarser varieties with small pebbles such as ( 1649 ). — the dip is here w n w. — which is unusual & it is the point of a bite or bay & commencement of the tw softer rocks. — the general dip of all the above rocks is nnw. — but not accurately ; the stratification is in plains considerably disturbed. at dip at about 15°. — i noticed here the same fact as at the falklands namely outcrop behind outcrop without anticlinal lines. — [ sketch of anticlinal lines ] gran 1650 1675 white [ illeg ] 1681 1650 1674 red [ illeg ] 1649 1651 mortar & f. b. 1681 i may notice that form of harbor roughly agrees with stratification. creek running to the s. of w & e. — in the east of the fort, where the spaniards have quarried.. — the following rocks are visible. — 1682 — — to 1691. — which tell something like same tale as section f. viz. that porphyry ( 1684 ) ( which is part of same bed with ( 1690 : 1691 ) & which include the principal varieties in the country. lies over rocks of a very earthy nature, sometimes quite soft. & very commonly lined with horizontal or waving ferruginous lines. as in sandstone, evidently formed in water. — these 6 rocks occur without any determinate order & pass into each other. — the passage of porhyry 1684. is certain. the laminated variety 1691. occurs at top


lines. as in sandstone, evidently formed in water. — these 6 rocks occur without any determinate order & pass into each other. — the passage of porhyry 1684. is certain. the laminated variety 1691. occurs at top of bed. — which appears to be its common position. — these beds ( porphyry ) inducted dip to sse at 10° ( or about ). now they rest on s side of great porphyry range. behind the fort. — this range runs about ene & wsw or ne & w. which line continued falls to the south of the cliffs. & therefore their northerly dip is explained by line of violence continued, although no actual hills are produced. the following facts are i think proved by geology of port desire viz that earthy & crystalline porphiries were formed, were covered by conglomerates & other mechanical rock ; that rocks partaking of both character of mechanical & chemical passed into each other & alternated an argument for the wernerians ; that there was a common deposit of white earthy feldspar : & that the dykes are of curious chemical nature, that the conglomerates are formed from the rolling of porphyries rocks now present. that these beds were upheaved by the chain of hills north of the fort. — that this roughly impressed the present form of land. — that in certain places, a great bed of yellowish sandy clay was deposited abounding with large ostreae very generally same fossils. with s josef & st fe contemporaneous. that the upper parts of this bed was purer clay & contained layers of gypsum, that above this there is bed of to earthy sandstone, sometimes generally ( same as in r. chupat near rios calcareous. — that these beds show no sign of violence. — that after this a most enormous alluvial action removed parts of the lower beds & deposited a vast thickness of rounded porphyry & white quartz pebbles. ( if these were two upheavals one took place at this period? ) — that the sea remained or this gave time enough to leave shells which now exist, even with their colours. elevated 247 feet above the sea. — then the land was elevated or sea subsided. — that some this there has been very great alluvial action, more than the present dry climate can account for. even if we put out of the case the great removals & immense vallies in the upper plain, where there are little


. — that some this there has been very great alluvial action, more than the present dry climate can account for. even if we put out of the case the great removals & immense vallies in the upper plain, where there are little traces of water ever running. we may instance the creek, which cuts through hard porphyry rocks, 100 to 200 feet high, nor only a little stream with which deposits mud. — leaving about pinnacles & overhanging crags, as a mark of former. — i saw one of the rude precipitatious side ravines, commencing at once, with a cliff 60 or 70 feet high, as in volcanic country. i think volcanic earthquakes must here have been present, & aided by rapid torrents. — would not old creeks, where is shown to exist in the harbour, when covered by modern beds yet be the lowest part & account for modern vallies coinciding with old ones. & these, leaving one to suppose present causes had effected them. when in such a case of this shells with their colour reducing you to a short period, renders it impossible. [ illeg ] gravel many from [ 2 words illeg ] shells rounded from the beach & mud from [ illeg ] with [ illeg ] bones. [ illeg ] 30 32. 164 in same hours. 4 3 / 4 7 = 10 / 4 7 = 19 / 28 of. 164. =. 111 28 / 3116 ( 111 ) 19 31 16 supposing to conflict or porphyry & modern beds upheave upheaved together ( proposing a foot or two this n. plain ) ( superposition of gravel. — ) ( age of bed. calc. sandstone ) 2. stratification & dip 1. general origin. — age & c & c porphyries up harbor & c great modern bed. ( elevation of plain, height & c sterility salt water vallies & c old system ( gravel above ( oyster & porphyries ) port st. julian nature of gravel [ sketch ] ( change in life from gravel the gravel not very long after the argilla being then not very darker for clay beds from oyster being found higher up. — yet after the deposit of gravel complete change of life. — modern shells inland of pectens julian & where it would appear to be a [ calanote ] over the than species on the right & being replaced by other sorts [ turions ] ( shells from coast ) patella


american journal of physical anthropology doi : 10. 1002 / ajpa. 21350 a mitochondrial revelation of early human migrations to the tibetan plateau before and after the last glacial maximum zhendong qin et al. as the highest plateau surrounded by towering mountain ranges, the tibetan plateau was once considered to be one of the last populated areas of modern humans. however, this view has been tremendously changed by archeological, linguistic, and genetic findings in the past 60 years. nevertheless, the timing and routes of entry of modern humans into the tibetan plateau is still unclear. to make these problems clear, we carried out high - resolution mitochondrial - dna ( mtdna ) analyses on 562 tibeto - burman inhabitants from nine different regions across the plateau. by examining the mtdna haplogroup distributions and their principal components, we demonstrated that maternal diversity on the plateau reflects mostly a northern east asian ancestry. furthermore, phylogeographic analysis of plateau - specific sublineages based on 31 complete mtdna sequences revealed two primary components : pre - last glacial maximum ( lgm ) inhabitants and post - lgm immigrants. also, the analysis of one major pre - lgm sublineage a10 showed a strong signal of post - lgm population expansion ( about 15, 000 years ago ) and greater diversity in the southern part of the tibetan plateau, indicating the southern plateau as a refuge place when climate dramatically changed during lgm.


date : december 2004 creator : habel, agnieszka description : this problem in lieu of thesis is a discussion of two topics : brownian movement and quantum computers. brownian movement is a physical phenomenon in which the particle velocity is constantly undergoing random fluctuations. chapters 2, 3 and 4, describe brownian motion from three different perspectives. the next four chapters are devoted to the subject of quantum computers, which are the signal of a new era of technology and science combined together. in the first chapter i present to a reader the two topics of my problem in lieu of thesis. in the second chapter i explain the idea of brownian motion, its interpretation as a stochastic process and i find its distribution function. the next chapter illustrates the probabilistic picture of brownian motion, where the statistical averages over trajectories are related to the probability distribution function. chapter 4 shows how to derive the langevin equation, introduced in chapter 1, using a hamiltonian picture of a bath with infinite number of harmonic oscillators. the chapter 5 explains how the idea of quantum computers was developed and how step - by - step all the puzzles for the field of quantum computers were created. the next chapter, chapter 6, discus the basic quantum unit of information... contributing partner : unt libraries