february 11, 2011 > low fat doesn ' t have to mean low flavor low fat doesn ' t have to mean low flavor lunch and learn cooking demonstration focuses on heart healthy options in an ideal world, steamed broccoli and that slice of cheesecake in the refrigerator would have the same amount of calories and fat. sadly, in the real world, that ' s just not the case. to stay healthy, we have to watch what we eat, and every day decisions we make regarding our diet can have an enormous impact - on a lot of things... the pounds on the scale, our waistline, how much energy we have, and our heart health. according to data published on the centers for disease control ( cdc ) ' s web site, the most common heart disease in the united states is coronary heart disease, which often appears as a heart attack. in 2010, an estimated 785, 000 americans had a new coronary attack, and about 470, 000 had a recurrent attack. that means every 25 seconds, an american will have a coronary event, and about one every minute will die from one. not surprisingly, heart disease represents the no. 1 cause of death in the united states. for both men and women. and although heart disease is sometimes thought of as a " man ' s disease, " women account for nearly 50 percent of heart disease deaths, the cdc states. when it comes to risk factors for heart disease, there are some things we can ' t change, such as our gender, age and genetics. other things we can. making sustainable lifestyle changes, like eating a low fat diet, has been shown to help lower the risk of heart disease. but changing old habits isn ' t as easy as snapping our fingers, is it? nutrition labels on our favorite foods can be hard to decode - and what about those recipes that call for things like butter, cream cheese and sour cream? are they banished forever? on wednesday, feb. 16, anna mazzei, a registered dietitian and certified diabetes educator at washington hospital, will be whipping up a low fat cooking demonstration at the washington women ' s center to help participants get an idea of how to modify their cooking and eating habits. " national heart month is recognized in february, and one of the things that people love are foods that are typically high in fat, " mazzei says. " the question is : how do we get the same satisfaction without as much fat? " during her demonstration, mazzei says she


and one of the things that people love are foods that are typically high in fat, " mazzei says. " the question is : how do we get the same satisfaction without as much fat? " during her demonstration, mazzei says she won ' t be going for an all or nothing approach because, to be successful, it ' s more about being creative than cutting out anything and everything. " now in the marketplace there are lighter products available, " she says. " you don ' t have to go to nonfat, but probably to lighter products to help cut down some fat and calories. " items that are high in fat - like a slice of cheesecake - also pack in the calories with little nutritional reward in the form of essential vitamins and minerals. whereas a serving of broccoli runs you about 25 calories, the same quantity of cheesecake is more like 250 calories. " i ' m going to look at some of the highest fat items and how to scale them down, " mazzei explains. " we ' re going to do some taste testing and focus on how to take these things and make a satisfying, yet lighter version. " examples of items mazzei is going to sample during the food demonstration include : * fried chicken * chicken nuggets * recipes with butter and cream cheese another great way to improve heart health - and something goes hand in hand with a low fat diet - is exercise. if you missed the evening exercise for your health class at the women ' s center earlier this month, call to find out about the center ' s range of fitness classes, from gentle yoga to the official arthritis foundation ' s official exercise program. if you ' re interested in learning more about how to create a tasty, low - fat diet, join mazzei for her lunch and learn cooking demonstration at the washington women ' s center conference room on wednesday, feb. 16, from noon to 1 p. m. * the washington women ' s center is located at 2500 mowry ave., suite 150. * space is limited to 20 participants. to register, ( 800 ) 963 - 7070 or go online at www. whhs. com / womenscenter for more information about exercise programs and other services at the women ' s center, call ( 510 ) 608 - 1301 or toll - free at ( 866 ) 608 - 1301. learn more about heart health washington hospital physicians dr. jon - cecil walkes, cardiothoracic


here are the basics about the boy scouts of america : boy scouts of america or bsa founded on 8 february 1910, in washington, dc, by chicago publisher william boyce chartered by the us congress in 1916 ( a few other youth programs have congressional charters, including the civil air patrol, girl scouts of the usa, the boys & girls clubs of america, future farmers of america [?? ], and 4 - h [?? ] ) headquarters in irving, texas ( near dallas ) the bsa is the usa ' s only boy scouting organization recognized by the world organization of the scout movement ( many countries have several scouting programs ). the bsa actually provides the scouting program to three countries : the us plus the pacific island nations of the marshall islands and micronesia, which are served by hawaii ' s aloha council. the bsa is divided into about 300 local councils. the bsa and its local councils employ about 4000 full - time professional staff. the bsa is the second largest scouting organization in the world ( the largest is indonesia ). total membership ( from a march 2011 fact sheet on the bsa website, although its information varies slightly from other numbers on the bsa website ) ( 12 / 31 / 2010 ) was 3 630 779 ( 2 588 326 youth and 1 042 453 adults ). this does not include membership in the school - based learning for life subsidiary of the bsa, but does count 666 lone scouts and 43 310 adult council scouters. the bsa has four program divisions, three traditional scouting programs based on grade or age, plus a fourth classroom - based non - traditional subsidiary : cub scouting division ( boys, grades 1 through 5 ) members in grade 1 are called tiger cubs. members in grades 2 and 3 are called cub scouts, and work on wolf rank ( grade 2 ) or bear rank ( grade 3 ). members in grades 4 and 5 are called webelos scouts, and work on the webelos rank and the arrow of light rank. webelos scouts usually graduate into boy scouting in about february of grade 5. the overall cub scouting program is family - centered, adult - run, and offers very little camping or outdoor activities. adult leaders can be male or female, over age 21 ( age 18 - 20 for certain assistant positions ). the leader of the pack is the cubmaster, and each den is led by an adult den leader. the only boy leadership position is denner, rotated monthly among the den members, which consists mostly of helping


- 20 for certain assistant positions ). the leader of the pack is the cubmaster, and each den is led by an adult den leader. the only boy leadership position is denner, rotated monthly among the den members, which consists mostly of helping the den leader and making a den report at the monthly pack meeting. as of 12 / 31 / 2010, cub scout youth membership included 226 211 tiger cubs, 707 868 cub scouts, and 573 522 webelos scouts, for a total of 1 507 601, a one - year loss of 7. 8 %. there are 47 259 packs, with an average size of 32 youth members. and there are 421 405 adult cub scout leaders. boy scouting division ( boys, age about 10 - 1 / 2 until 18 ) two programs — boy scouting and varsity scouting boy scouting is traditional scouting for boys age approximately 10 - 1 / 2 until 18. in addition to the general camping program for all scouts, older scouts in a troop can form a venture patrol to do high adventure activities. note that the troop ' s venture patrol and venturing ( see below ) are completely separate and unrelated programs, despite the confusingly similar names. boy scouts work on 6 ranks : tenderfoot, second class, first class, star, life, eagle. eagle scouts can also earn eagle palms, but these are not ranks. the overall boy scouting program is mostly boy - run with adults providing guidance and training, and is strongly oriented toward a camping and outdoor program. at about age 14, a boy scout can choose to remain in the troop, or transfer to a varsity team, or transfer to a venturing crew. adult troop leaders can be male or female, over age 21 ( age 18 - 20 for assistant scoutmasters ). the adult leader of the troop is the scoutmaster. the boy leader of the troop is the elected senior patrol leader, and each patrol is led by an elected boy patrol leader. as of 12 / 31 / 2010, boy scouting membership included 792 202 youth members and 493 852 adult leaders. there are 40 099 troops, with an average size of 20 youth members. varsity scouting is a separate, optional, non - coed, and little - used program for boys age 14 until 18 ( mostly used by the lds / mormon church ). varsity scouts wear the same uniform as boy scouts ( with slightly different insignia ), and work on the same ranks. varsity scouts typically camp like boy scouts, and often compete in team sports. adult team


mostly used by the lds / mormon church ). varsity scouts wear the same uniform as boy scouts ( with slightly different insignia ), and work on the same ranks. varsity scouts typically camp like boy scouts, and often compete in team sports. adult team leaders can be male or female, over age 21 ( age 18 - 20 for assistant coaches ). the adult leader of the team is the coach. the boy leader of the team is the elected team captain, and each squad is led by an elected squad leader. as of 12 / 31 / 2010, varsity scouting membership included 59 863 youth members and 22 806 adult leaders. there are 8539 teams, with an average size of only 7 youth members. as of 12 / 31 / 2010, overall youth membership in the boy scouting division ( boy scouts + varsity scouts ) totaled 852 065, a one - year loss of 5. 1 %. sea scouting ( formerly sea exploring ) is part of the venturing program. the former career - awareness exporing program is now part of learning for life. male venturers can work on the same ranks as boy scouts ( technically, they must earn the ranks through first class as a member of a boy scout troop ). in addition, all venturers have their own advancement system, culminating with the venturing silver award. and sea scouts have an additional advancement program, culminating with the quartermaster award. bsa ' s venturing division is unusual compared to the equivalent programs in most other countries because high - school - aged young men have the option of being a venturer, or they can remain in a scout troop or join a varsity team. there is no bsa program equivalent to the rover programs available in some countries ( for those over age 21 ). adult leaders can be male or female, over age 21 ( age 18 - 20 for associate advisors ). the adult leader is called the venturing advisor. the key youth leader of a venturing crew is the elected crew president. as of 12 / 31 / 2010, venturing youth membership totaled 227 994, a one - year loss of 11. 4 %. there are 18 856 crews, with an average size of 12 youth members. female youth membership is 31 % of the total. and there are 61 080 adult venturing leaders. two programs — learning for life ( school - based programs ) and exploring ( work - site - based program ) learning for life is a non - traditional, coed, classroom - based character education program, with programs set up by grade


dr. gerstenfeld held this lecture on the 8th of november in helsinki finland. the summary of the lecture is republished here with the author ’ s consent. the abuse of holocaust memory 2011 - 2012 summary of lecture in helsinki 8 november 2012 by manfred gerstenfeld the holocaust has become a symbol of absolute evil in western society. this happened gradually over the past decades. it was not the case in say, 1960. yet one might have expected that with the second world war more than 65 years behind us, the mention and memory of it would fade away. indeed, there is in many circles what is termed “ holocaust fatigue. ” these people do not want to hear anything anymore about the holocaust. at the same time, many others increasingly mention and discuss the holocaust. it took 60 years until in 2005 the united nations general assembly named 27 january as international holocaust remembrance day. on this day, every member state of the un has an official obligation to honor the victims of the nazi era and develop educational material about the holocaust. this year the remembrance of the holocaust is devoted to children. 1 why this interest in the holocaust? what are the main reasons for this increasing interest in the holocaust? we can identify some but do not know their relative weight. memorial celebrations take place every year in many places. there are also new monuments still going up and new memorial centers are being inaugurated. one was at drancy the major transit camp in france. there 63, 000 of the 76, 000 deported jews transited before almost all of them were sent to their deaths. yet both memorial days pass and monuments disappear from the public eye most of the time. new historical research is being published about the holocaust. additional documents are also discovered. one example among many was that in october 2012, pictures taken by hitler ’ s personal photographer hugo jaeger, of polish jews in the ghetto of kutno between 1939 and 1940 were released. this was done to mark the official establishment of the warsaw ghetto in october 1940. 2 such research and discoveries are mentioned in the media. thus they also play a role in the increased interest. the increasing central place of the holocaust in european societies is also due to a number of other important developments. one is that european societies have become increasingly secular, which means that their common norms and values have to a large extent broken down. in such an ideological and moral vacuum, one seeks out standards many people more or less agree upon. the holocaust partly fills that function. it plays a role as a defining moment in european history. the holocaust touches upon


to a large extent broken down. in such an ideological and moral vacuum, one seeks out standards many people more or less agree upon. the holocaust partly fills that function. it plays a role as a defining moment in european history. the holocaust touches upon very basic questions which many europeans do not like to ask themselves explicitly. what was it in european culture and in european societies that made the holocaust possible? this leads to a taboo question. have the elements which made the holocaust possible disappeared, or are they to some extent still with us? the first nations which should ask these questions are germany and austria. yet at present they do not seem inclined to do so. the present generation is not responsible for what their ancestors did. however, the holocaust and nazism can not be eliminated from german history. i would like to phrase the question somewhat differently. many of the ancestors of contemporary germans and austrians were nazi enthusiasts. many other germans and austrians went along with the nazis without hesitation. is it at all imaginable that nothing of these attitudes has remained in these countries today? another element of importance for the increasing interest in the holocaust is the growing uncertainty in the world. that requires more and more points of reference for events which take place almost daily. one example which has to be analyzed is the emergence of parties in european countries with many neo - fascist and neo - nazi characteristics. this becomes problematic in particular if these parties enter parliament. while the interest in the holocaust is growing there is simultaneously also a massive increase in the distortion of the history and the memory of the holocaust. to understand the abuse of the holocaust in our days, we have to start looking at it by category. in my book, “ the abuse of holocaust memory, distortions and responses ” i have developed eight categories of distortion. these are : holocaust justification and promotion, holocaust denial, holocaust deflection and whitewashing, de - judaization, holocaust equivalence, holocaust inversion, i. e the portraying of israel and jews as nazis, holocaust trivialization and obliterating holocaust memory the massive ongoing abuse of the holocaust brings us to the question, what can be done about it? there is no single way to fight against the abuse of the holocaust. education is very important. so are memorials, monuments etc. the crucial point however remains not to let abuse of the holocaust enter further in the public debate. it is a task for everybody to react when israel is called a nazi state and to call on governments to bring the iranian leaders grand ayatollah khamenei and


gluten free facts what is gluten? gluten is the protein found in wheat, barley, rye and related wheat species such as spelt and kamut. it helps baked goods keep their form and chewy texture and is also added to other food items more and more, both for consistency and taste purposes. helpful hint : buckwheat, contrary to its name, is not actually wheat and does not contain gluten. what foods contain gluten? the obvious foods that contain gluten include foods made from a flour base. wheat, barley, and rye based breads, cookies, pastries, and bagels all contain gluten. however, hidden sources of gluten are abundant in many packaged goods from soy sauce to spice mixes, to breath mints. more and more companies are voluntarily labeling their products as gluten free and some even go through a gluten free certification process. here is a short list of foods that can have hidden gluten : - luncheon meat - blue cheese - gravy and gravy powder - baked beans - self basting turkeys - seasoning mixes - instant coffee - brown rice syrup - potato chips - soy sauce - hot chocolate - salad dressings - curry powder - white pepper - malt vinegar - breath mints - oats ( while naturally gluten free, there is a risk of contamination through harvesting, milling, and processing ; udi ’ s only uses certified gluten free oats ) ( 1 ) ( 2 ) for a full list of unsafe ingredients, click here : who should eat a gluten free diet? some people must eat a gluten free diet because they ’ ve been diagnosed with celiac disease or gluten sensitivity, in which the only cure is a gluten free diet. others eat gluten free because they suspect gluten is causing them undesirable symptoms that they wish to avoid. still others have learned that gluten can cause inflammation and therefore they seek to eliminate it from their diet. no matter what your situation, a gluten free lifestyle may be of benefit to you. who can get celiac disease or have a gluten sensitivity? the short answer is : anyone. some are more predisposed to have this disease or intolerance than others, especially if a family member has been diagnosed. it has been noted that northern european countries, specifically nordic countries, as well as italy and ireland have a higher rate of


some are more predisposed to have this disease or intolerance than others, especially if a family member has been diagnosed. it has been noted that northern european countries, specifically nordic countries, as well as italy and ireland have a higher rate of celiac disease, and approximately 1 out of every 133 americans have celiac disease. ( 7 ) what is celiac disease? celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder where gluten triggers the immune system to attack the lining of the small intestine. over time, celiac disease can cause malabsorption, leading to a wide range of health problems such as iron and mineral deficiencies, osteoporosis, liver disease, infertility, neurological disorders, and even some forms of cancer. ( 3, 4 ) for more information, click here : celiac disease and diabetes about 1 % of the total population has celiac disease. it is more common in people with type 1 diabetes. an estimated 10 % of people with type 1 diabetes also have celiac disease. for more information, click here : what is gluten anyway and where is it? by danna korn, living gluten free for dummies, 2nd edition gluten has a couple of definitions ; one is technically correct but not commonly used, and the other is commonly used but not technically correct. here ’ s the common definition : gluten is a mixture of proteins in wheat, rye, and barley. oats don ’ t have gluten, but may be contaminated, so they ’ re forbidden on a strict gluten - free diet, too. you can find lots of information about what you can and can ’ t eat on a gluten - free diet at www. celiac. com or other websites. but you need to have a general idea of what kinds of food have gluten in them so you know what to avoid. foods with flour in them ( white or wheat ) are the most common culprits when you ’ re avoiding gluten. the following are obvious gluten - glomming foods : - cookies, cakes, and most other baked goods but along with these culprits come not - so - obvious suspects too, like licorice, many ( read ‘ most ’ ) cereals, and natural flavorings. when you ’ re gluten - free, you get used to reading labels, calling manufacturers, and digging a little deeper to know for sure what you can


breaking the cycle of poverty more than one - third of the 242 counties in the southeastern persistent poverty region are located in georgia. spanning from athens - clarke county to miller to troup, these counties are defined by statistics that boggle the mind, especially against the backdrop of georgia ' s economic strength over the past decade : - 20. 9 percent of the total population and 27. 4 percent of children live below poverty level ( defined as an income of $ 17, 650 for a family of four ) ; - 29. 5 percent of residents age 25 and above do not have a high school diploma ; - the unemployment rate is 7. 1 percent, 40 percent higher than other georgia counties ; - the rate of low birth - weight babies is 25 percent higher than the national rate. " the data confirmed what i already knew about the region, but it was still startling to see the unevenness of growth and development, " said art dunning, vice president for public service and outreach at uga. " this is an economic issue, pure and simple. " " what was a complete surprise to me was the disparity between rural georgia and metropolitan georgia, " said jim ledbetter, director of the carl vinson institute of government at uga, which conducted the study. " these problems have persisted for decades. we need both a body of knowledge and a set of programs built over the years to address these issues. " u. s. senator zell miller secured $ 250, 000 in federal funding to help start the data collection on poverty in georgia and other southern states. macon businessman benjy griffith matched that with a $ 250, 000 gift to the uga foundation in support of the study. the year - long study, completed in december 2002, paints a stark picture of a region not only separated from the economic boom that metro atlanta has enjoyed, but of a region which also threatens to draw the rest of georgia into the cycle of poverty. " i ' ve seen this problem up close, " said griffith, whose timberland and real estate business stretches from georgia to texas. " i believe uga research can help develop a plan to address poverty in this state. somebody has to do something. " " we need a population which can fully participate in the 21st century and a community infrastructure which supports that population, " said ledbetter, looking ahead to the next phase of the study. " then we can craft a set of policies and programs to address these issues. " " this is not an issue of historical or social


elementary matrices generate the general linear group okay, so we can use elementary row operations to put any matrix into its ( unique ) reduced row echelon form. as we stated last time, this consists of building up a basis for the image of the transformation the matrix describes by walking through a basis for the domain space and either adding a new, independent basis vector or writing the image of a domain basis vector in terms of the existing image basis vectors. so let ’ s say we ’ ve got a transformation in. given a basis, we get an invertible matrix ( which we ’ ll also call ). then we can use elementary row operations to put this matrix into its reduced row echelon form. but now every basis vector gets sent to a vector that ’ s linearly independent of all the others, or else the transformation wouldn ’ t be invertible! that is, the reduced row echelon form of the matrix must be the identity matrix. but remember that every one of our elementary row operations is the result of multiplying on the left by an elementary matrix. so we can take the matrices corresponding to the list of all the elementary row operations and write which tells us that applying all these elementary row operations one after another leads us to the identity matrix. but this means that the product of all the elementary matrices on the right is. and since we can also apply this to the transformation, we can find a list of elementary matrices whose product is. that is, any invertible linear transformation can be written as the product of a finite list of elementary matrices, and thus the elementary matrices generate the general linear group.


from uncyclopedia, the content - free encyclopedia heliocentrism is a theory which has become an established dogma in 21st century privately - funded science, despite having been abandoned in the 20th century, according to conservapedia. heliocentrism is the concept that a giant magnet is located in the center of the earth, and the planets and the universe revolve around it, attracted by the magnetic energy. heliocentrism is criticized for ignoring the everyday observations of mountain climbers and airplane travellers. it has been characterized by sarah palin as " a lie perpetrated by scientists to diminish the glory of america " and pushed onto the good, god - fearing people by ignorant pagan - types suffering from gross moral turpitude. edit proponents of heliocentrism the most ardent supporters of heliocentrism are found in us academia, despite or perhaps because of how the theory is being used to diminish the central role of the usa and its establishment at the center of the universe. among those scientists that support it, the overwhelming majority also support the theories of evolution, climate change, nuclear fusion, ley line energy production, spacial time distortion, and extra - dimensional astral travel as well as using more tax dollars to fund their own research. notable believers in heliocentrism include charles darwin, lenin, al gore and ellen degeneres. edit evidence of heliocentrism heliocentrism is widely considered as being in accordance with the teaching of the holy book, which is commonly accepted as scientific evidence. firm proofs of heliocentrism include : - he has fixed the earth firm, immovable. ( 1 chronicles 16 : 30 ) - thou didst fix the earth on its foundation so that it never can be shaken. ( psalm 104 : 5 ) - who made the earth and fashioned it, and himself fixed it fast … ( isaiah 45 : 18 ) - the sun also ariseth, and the sun goeth down, and hasteth to his place where he arose. ( ecclesiastes 1 : 5 ) as a reliable scientific theory, heliocentrism has surprisingly been approved by school boards in kansas.


coral reefs aren ' t just pretty, they ' re also vital to marine species and island communities. but they ' re also facing threats from warming seas. nbc ' s anne thompson reports. more than half of 82 species of coral being evaluated for inclusion under the endangered species act " more likely than not " would go extinct by 2100 if climate policies and technologies remain the same, federal scientists concluded. the experts cited " anthropogenic, " or manmade, releases of carbon dioxide as a key driver of warming seas and oceans absorbing more co2, in turn making waters more acidic. " the combined direct and indirect effects of rising temperature, including increased incidence of disease and ocean acidification, both resulting primarily from anthropogenic increases in atmospheric co2, are likely to represent the greatest risks of extinction to all or most of the candidate coral species over the next century, " the experts concluded in a report released friday by the national marine fisheries service. the report was part of a process to determine which species, if any, merit protection. the center for biological diversity in 2009 had petitioned for the review of 82 species it considered in jeopardy. of the 82 species, all of which are in u. s. waters, 46 are " more likely than not " to face extinction by 2100, while 10 are " likely, " the report stated. the authors did note that the limited science of corals meant that " the overall uncertainty was high. " the fisheries service will next seek public comment as it considers the petition for listing. the center for biological diversity, which in 2006 petitioned and got protection for staghorn and elkhorn corals, said conditions have only worsened for corals. " coral reefs are home to 25 percent of marine life and play a vital function in ocean ecosystems, " the center said in a statement. " since the 1990s, coral growth has grown sluggish in some areas due to ocean acidification, and mass bleaching events are increasingly frequent. " more content from msnbc. com and nbc news : - baseball - sized hail, 40 tornadoes reported as dangerous storms slam midwest - nra official accuses media of sensationalizing trayvon martin story - reports : secret service personnel accused of hiring prostitutes - american nazi party gets its first lobbyist - judge in zimmerman case cites possible conflict of interest


courtesy iona knapp iona knapp, right, has been diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment, a potential precursor to alzheimer ' s disease. like 1 in 7 people with alzheimer ' s or other dementias, the 65 - year - old lake monticello, va., woman lives alone. her daughter, sharon mullen, lives 90 minutes away, in manassas. iona knapp ’ s father died of alzheimer ’ s disease and her late mother suffered from dementia. now, the 65 - year - old lake monticello, va., woman has been diagnosed herself with mild cognitive impairment, or mci, and she fears their fate soon may be her own. the trouble is, knapp lives by herself, which would make her one of 5. 4 million people in the u. s. living with alzheimer ’ s disease and other dementias - - and one of 800, 000 americans doing it alone, according to a new report issued thursday by the alzheimer ’ s association. the report, “ 2012 alzheimer ’ s disease facts and figures, ” estimates that one in seven people with alzheimer ' s or dementia lives alone, and that up to half of those people have no identifiable caregiver. most are older women with milder impairment. “ that ’ s a huge issue, ” said dr. kenneth langa, professor of medicine at the university of michigan, and an expert on the economics and demographics of alzheimer ’ s disease. as the baby boom generation ages, more and more people diagnosed with alzheimer ’ s will be living alone, sometimes because they choose to do so, but also because a spouse has died, or because they have few or no children living nearby, said langa, who wasn ’ t involved in the new report. the analysis finds that alzheimer ’ s costs the country about $ 200 billion per year in medicare, medicaid, and personal out - of - pocket expenses. as enormous as that cost is, it takes 15. 2 million unpaid caregivers, usually family members, to keep it from rising even higher. the personal impact on living alone with alzheimer ’ s, dementia, or even mci like knapp ’ s, can be dramatic compared to living with a caregiver. patients who live alone have a much higher risk of wandering off, suffering bad falls, missing medication and doctor appointments, and exacerbating other medical conditions like heart disease or diabetes. ultimately that ’ s not only harmful to those people, but it ratchets up costs, too. as kn


wandering off, suffering bad falls, missing medication and doctor appointments, and exacerbating other medical conditions like heart disease or diabetes. ultimately that ’ s not only harmful to those people, but it ratchets up costs, too. as knapp herself discovered when she served as an unpaid caregiver to her mother, living alone has a host of practical costs and dangers. when she accompanied her mother to the bank one day, “ the teller said, ‘ your mother is way overdrawn. she has no money, ’ ” knapp recalled. “ i looked back over the past two years of records, and found my mother had bankrupted herself. ” now, she said, “ i imagine my own future. i meet with my attorney on friday. i want to talk to him about all kinds of things i can put in place so my older daughter can step in and take over financially. ” such advanced planning is critical for anybody with alzheimer ’ s, but especially for those who live alone, said angela geiger, chief strategy officer for the alzheimer ’ s association. legal and logistical considerations like advanced directives, power of attorney designations, and answers about who will be part of the care team must be addressed. none of these decisions is pleasant, geiger explained, but they must be addressed. “ you really want to say, ‘ here are the two or three triggers for me. i ’ d like to go to assisted living as soon as possible, ’ or, ‘ do i want to stay in my house as long as possible? ' ' who pays my bills? ’ ” while knapp wrestles with those decisions, she ’ s trying to adapt so she can continue to live by herself, independently, for as long as possible. but it ’ s a challenge. she writes reminders on a white board. she programs appointments into her smart phone. such tactics aren ’ t foolproof, though : this week, she missed a doctor ’ s appointment. knapp is considering the purchase of an alarm button she can wear to alert emergency services in case she finds herself injured or lost. she ’ s also thinking of selling her house, and moving into senior housing close to her daughter, sharon mullen, whose family lives in manassas, va. transportation will be available there, she hopes, because she ’ s already growing worried about her own driving. “ there are times now, when i ’ ll be, like, ‘ where am i going? ’ ” the alzheimer ’ s association has created an online


with over 58 % of the energy consumed in the home going to heating water and heating and cooling the rooms, you can make drastic changes in the amount of energy consumed and the money you pay for it just by making modifications to the way you control the temperature in your home. solar water heaters : your water heater is a constant energy waster and largely goes unnoticed when considering ways to conserve energy. current energy tax credits and solar rebates make converting to a solar water heating system extremely affordable. read more » solar electric : the heating and cooling system is by far the biggest user of energy in any home. photovoltaic pv systems not only can reduce or eliminate your energy costs, they can actually generate enough energy to sell back to the power grid through the utilities. read more » the greatest user of energy in commercial buildings is heating and cooling the work spaces and the water. computer facilities not only consume great amounts of energy, they also require a considerable expense in energy to keep cool. in the meantime, the sun is contributing to the consumption of energy instead of being used as solar energy to generate it. commercial solar panels have the capacity to reduce energy consumption in commercial buildings to less than half, simply by changing the way we heat and cool the work spaces. that savings goes directly towards the bottom line — the company ' s profits. read more » commercial solar water heating is the ideal compliment to solar electric systems. according to the us dept. of energy " the energy tied up in water heating can be a significant component of the building ' s total energy consumption. for example, in the lodging industry, 42 percent of energy use goes for water heating. other commercial buildings with heavy hot water demand include restaurants, commercial laundries, buildings with industrial processes, dormitories or other high - density housing facilities. " read more » with the growth in government comes the growth in government buildings. not only is government a large - scale consumer of energy in its administration, elements of government are also responsible for meeting all demand for energy, nationwide. what source we use to generate that electricity is of great concern to us all. in utah, electrical rates have increased 11 times in the past 7 years. add that to the growth within the state and we are rapidly growing toward the unaffordable consumption of power for us all. electrical generation using fossil fuels have risen four - fold in the past 15 years, but has never dropped significantly. much of our dependence on generating electricity in this way is on foreign oil. clearly, dependence on energy


best known for : catalan painter joan miro combined abstract art with surrealist fantasy to create his lithographs, murals, tapestries, and sculptures for public spaces. born to the families of a goldsmith and a cabinet - maker, he grew up in the barri gotic neighborhood of barcelona. his father was miquel miro adzerias and his mother was dolores ferra. he began drawing classes at the age of seven at a private school at carrer del regomir 13, a medieval mansion. in 1907 he enrolled at the fine art academy at la llotja, to the dismay of his father. he studied at the cercle artistic de sant lluc and he had his first solo show in 1918 at the dalmau gallery, where his work was ridiculed and defaced. inspired by cubist and surrealist exhibitions from abroad, miro was drawn towards the arts community that was gathering in montparnasse and in 1920 moved to paris, but continued to spend his summers in catalonia. he said, “ the painting rises from the brushstrokes as a poem rises from the words. the meaning comes later. ” after overcoming a serious bout of typhoid fever in 1911, miro decided to devote his life entirely to painting by attending the school of art taught by francesc gali. he studied at la lonja school of fine arts in barcelona, and in 1918 set up his first individual exhibition in the dalmau galleries, in the same city. his works before 1920 ( the date of his first trip to paris ) reflect the influence of different trends, like the pure and brilliant colors used in fauvism, shapes taken from cubism, influences from folkloric catalan art and roman frescos from the churches. his trip to paris introduced him to and developed his trend of surrealist painting. in 1921, he showed his first individual exhibition in paris, at la licorne gallery. in 1928, he exhibited with a group of surrealists in the pierre gallery, also in paris, although miro was always to maintain his independent qualities with respect to groups and ideologies. from 1929 - 1930, miro began to take interest in the object as such, in the form of collages. this was a practice which was to lead to his making of surrealist sculptures. his tormented monsters appeared during this decade, which gave way to the consolidation of his plastic vocabulary. he also experimented with many other artistic forms, such as engraving, lithography


was a practice which was to lead to his making of surrealist sculptures. his tormented monsters appeared during this decade, which gave way to the consolidation of his plastic vocabulary. he also experimented with many other artistic forms, such as engraving, lithography, water colors, pastels, and painting over copper. what is particularly highlighted from this period, are the two ceramic murals which he made for the unesco building in paris ( the wall of the moon and the wall of the sun, 1957 - 59 ). joan miro unesco mural - “ the moon and the sun ” it was at the end of the 60´s when his final period was marked and which lasted until his death. during this time, he concentrated more and more on monumental and public works. he was characterized by the body language and freshness with which he carried out his canvasses, as well as the special attention he paid to material and the stamp he received from informalism. he concentrated his interest on the symbol, not giving too much importance to the representing theme, but to the way the symbol emerged as the piece of work. miro had a very eccentric style that is the embodiment of his unique approach to his artwork. in 1976 the joan miro foundation centre of contemporary art study was officially opened in the city of barcelona and in 1979, four years before his death, he was named doctor honoris causa by the university of barcelona. he said, “ for me an object is something living. this cigarette or this box of matches contains a secret life much more intense than that of certain human beings. “


our constitution offers us " life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, " but we can ' t pursue anything if we are unhealthy. yet, health disparities in the united states are a fact of life. african americans have shorter lives than whites for three reasons. one has to do with income and poverty. poor people [ 27 percent of african americans are poor, compared to about 10 percent of whites ] have less money and less access, often having to make a choice between medical treatment, food to eat, prescription drugs and rent. the second barrier to health equality is proximity and access. in other words, african americans are more likely to be located a distance from hospitals. there are fewer hospitals and clinics in the ' hood than in wealthier areas. and some preventative clinics ( such as a diabetes clinic in harlem ) have been eliminated because of money. another barrier to health access is simply attitudes. those health providers who have racial and other attitudes choose to treat patients differently. according to a study by the institutes of medicine ( iom ), an african american or latino man who goes to an emergency room with a broken bone is less likely to get painkillers than a white man. part of this year ' s presidential debate revolves around the issue of health care. mitt romney, the architect of massachusetts health care system that resembles the obama health plan, is now jogging ( at least that ' s healthy ) away from himself, rejecting plans he once championed. or is he? recently, he said he would preserve some aspects of obamacare, not others. i am sure you have been asked to name three people, living or dead you ' d like to dine with. i ' d like to dine with mitt romney and the truth – at the same time. those who understand health care challenges understand that the world won ' t be the way it was and our health care system needs to be revised. president obama, offering the first tweak in the social insurance contract in 80 years, has done so by passing health care legislation that pushes the envelope. it ' s not enough, but it is better than it has ever been. still, the system will be strained by the aging baby boomers, and challenged by the need to offer patient education and preventative services to prevent costly interventions. the uncoupling of employment and health insurance allows more people the opportunity to deal with their health. thus, the health care industry will be pushed to absorb people who are newly empowered to deal with their health.


##ative services to prevent costly interventions. the uncoupling of employment and health insurance allows more people the opportunity to deal with their health. thus, the health care industry will be pushed to absorb people who are newly empowered to deal with their health. too many folks ignore their health because they have few options. i spent last weekend in the mississippi delta : in cleveland, mound bayou and ruleville. i traveled there with members of the sojourner truth statue committee, under the direction of pat reid - merritt, the richard stockton university distinguished professor who led the national committee. we had the pleasure of offering a statue of fannie lou hamer to the ruleville community in the peaceful garden where fannie lou hamer and her husband " pap " are buried. there are so many reasons that the moment was moving, especially the presence of hundreds of children who joined the celebration. fannie lou hamer, an international treasure, a tribute to audacity, a woman who endured a brutal beating because she exercised her right to register and vote, died at 60 from untreated breast cancer. this woman climbed every mountain, cleared every hurdle, stood down the biggest and the baddest in the majority community and in her own. still, she did not have access to the health care that might have saved her life. she could stare down the democratic national committee on national television, but she could not stare down the breast cancer that killed her because she neither had the dollars nor the access to treatment. fannie lou hamer died in 1977 at the age 60. imagine what we might be as a community had she been able to live to 80, or to 90. she might have been able to shape and influence our movements, offer advice and influence, keep the democratic party accountable, and perhaps explore independent politics and the ways republicans might be engaged in the struggle for freedom. we don ' t know what she would have done, but we know that she died too early. that ' s why i believe that health care is a civil right. if we have the right to a life with liberty and the pursuit of happiness, we have the right to be healthy enough to pursue happiness. the fight for the presidency is partly a fight for the pursuit of health and happiness. which candidate supports the 47 percent in this fight? julianne malveaux is a washington, d. c. - based economist and writer. she is president emerita of bennett college for women in greensboro, n. c.


“ eau canada ” brings together 28 of canada ’ s top water experts to debate canada ’ s most critical water issues, and to map out solutions. the diverse range of contributors – geographers, environmental lawyers, former government officials, aquatic scientists, economists, and political scientists – reflects the broad range of issues involved in water management debates. contributors argue that weak governance is at the heart of canada ’ s water problems. the first three sections of the book provide background on canadian water uses ( and abuses ), identify key weaknesses in canadian water governance, and explore controversial debates over jurisdiction, transboundary waters, water exports, and water privatization. solutions for more sustainable water management are mapped out in the final sections of the book, including a cross - canada consensus on water policy, water conservation and pricing, and an engagement with the implications of new legal frameworks on indigenous people ’ s water rights. the book is targeted at a broad audience with the objective of promoting informed debate about some of the most controversial and pressing water issues facing canadians. it will be of relevance to academics and students of geography, politics, economics, environmental studies, engineering, and canadian studies. it will also be of particular interest to water supply managers, environmental and water policy analysts, government officials, community groups, and politicians from across canada.


air massan extensive body of the atmosphere whose physical properties, particularly temperature and humidity, exhibit only small and continuous differences in the horizontal. it may extend over an area of several million square kilometres and over a depth of several kilometres. backing windcounter - clockwise change of wind direction, in either hemisphere. beaufort scalewind force scale, original based on the state of the sea, expressed in numbers from 0 to 12. fetchdistance along a large water surface trajectory over which a wind of almost uniform direction and speed blows. fogsuspension of very small, usually microscopic water droplets in the air, generally reducing the horizontal visibility at the earth ' s surface to less than 1 km. frontthe interface or transition zone between air masses of different densities ( temperature and humidity ). gale force windwind with a speed between 34 and 47 knots. beaufort scale wind force 8 or 9. gustsudden, brief increase of the wind speed over its mean value. hazesuspension in the atmosphere of extremely small, dry particles which are invisible to the naked eye but numerous enough to give the sky an opalescent appearance. highregion of the atmosphere where the pressures are high relative to those in the surrounding region at the same level. hurricanename given to a warm core tropical cyclone with maximum surface winds of 118 km / h ( 64 knots ) or greater in the north atlantic, the caribbean, the gulf of mexico and in the eastern north pacific ocean. knotunit of speed equal to one nautical mile per hour. ( 1. 852 km / h ) land breezewind of coastal regions, blowing at night from the land towards a large water surface as a result of the nocturnal cooling of the land surface. line squallsquall which occurs in a line. lowregion of the atmosphere in which the pressures are lower then those of the surrounding regions at the same level. mistsuspension in the air of microscopic water droplets which reduce the visibility at the earth ' s surface. pressureforce per unit area exerted by the atmosphere on any surface by virtue of its weight ; it is equivalent to the weight of a vertical column of air extending above a surface of unit area to the outer limit of the atmosphere. ridgeregion of the atmosphere in which the pressure is high relative to the surrounding region at the same level. sea breezewind in coastal regions, blowing by day from a large water surface towards the land as a result of diurnal heating of the land surface. sea fogfog which forms in the lower part of a moist


region at the same level. sea breezewind in coastal regions, blowing by day from a large water surface towards the land as a result of diurnal heating of the land surface. sea fogfog which forms in the lower part of a moist air mass moving over a colder surface ( water ). sea statelocal state of agitation of the sea due to the combined effects of wind and swell. squallatmospheric phenomenon characterizes by an abrupt and large increase of wind speed with a duration of the order of minutes which diminishes suddenly. it is often accompanied by showers or thundershowers. storm force windwind with a wind speed between 48 and 63 knots. beaufort scale wind force 10 or 11. storm surgethe difference between the actual water level under influence of a meteorological disturbance ( storm tide ) and the level which would have been attained in the absence of the meteorological disturbance ( i. e. astronomical tide ). swellany system of water waves which has left its generating area. thunderstormsudden electrical discharge manifested by a flash of light and a sharp or rumbling sound. thunderstorms are associated with convective clouds and are, more often, accompanied by precipitation in the form of rain showers, hail, occasionally snow, snow pellets, or ice pellets. tropical cyclonegeneric term for a non - frontal synoptic scale cyclone originating over tropical or sub - tropical waters with organized convection and definite cyclonic surface wind circulation. tropical depressionwind speed up to 33 knots. tropical disturbancelight surface winds with indications of cyclonic circulation. tropical stormmaximum wind speed of 34 to 47 knots. troughan elongated area of relatively low atmospheric pressure. veeringclockwise change of wind direction, in either hemisphere. visibilitygreatest distance at which a black object of suitable dimensions can be seen and recognized against the horizon sky during daylight or could be seen and recognized during the night if the general illumination were raised to the normal daylight level. waterspouta phenomenon consisting of an often violent whirlwind revealed by the presence of a cloud column or inverted cloud cone ( funnel cloud ), protruding from the base of a cumulonimbus, and of a bush composed of water droplets raised from the surface of the sea. its behaviour is characterized by a tendency to dissipate upon reaching shore. wave heightvertical distance between the trough and crest of a wave. wave periodstime between the passage of two successive wave crests past a fixed point.


gospel of mark the gospel according to mark, also known as the gospel of mark, is one of the four canonical gospels. it was most likely the earliest of the four to be written. scholars typically estimate it was written between 70ce and 90ce, by an unknown author. in mark 9 : 1, jesus says to his followers : - " verily i say unto you, that there be some of them that stand here, which shall not taste of death, till they have seen the kingdom of god come with power. " 17 and when he was gone forth into the way, there came one running, and kneeled to him, and asked him, good master, what shall i do that i may inherit eternal life? 18 and jesus said unto him, why callest thou me good? there is none good but one, that is, god. significance of mark mark is quite significant in understanding the other gospels in the biblical corpus because it is said that mark " strung the pearls " i. e. was the first to bring together sayings, teachings and stories of jesus to create a gospel. the significance of this is that mark is thus extremely significant with regards to understanding matthew, luke and john. for example, mark was written in 70 ad whereas matthew was written in 80 - 85 ad. there are thus 2 prevalent theories for as to where the gospel story comes from in matthew. first is the 2 source theory which states that the gospel of matthew is derived from mark and another source, q. second is the 4 source theory which states that the gospel of matthew is derived from things unique to matthew, things from the gospel of luke, mark, and this other source q. in both of these suggestions the gospel of mark is a predominant figure with regards to understanding matthew. this holds true with the other two gospels, although john is a little more intricate ( cf. the perrin suggestion ). - r. h. gundry, mark : a commentary on his apology for the cross ( grand rapids : wm. b. eerdmans, 1993 ) - v. taylor, the formation of the gospel tradition ( london : macmillan & co., 1953 ) - d. m. smith, john among the gospels ( minneapolis : augsburg / fortress, 1992 )


short - limbed toad with rough skin - covered with warts, prominent parallel parotid glands and ( usually ) a bright yellow stripe centrally down the back ( b159, b160, b161 ). - male : to about 2. 5 inches ; female : slightly larger ( b161 ). - normally 7 - 8cm, occasionally to 10cm, females larger than males ( b159 ). head : parallel parotid glands ( b159 ). eye : greenish yellow ( b160, b161 ) ; legs : relatively short, toes no more than half webbed ( b159, b160 ). skin : warty ( b159, b161 ). - dorsal : : grey / olive green, / brownish with darker markings ( brown / green / red warts ) and yellowish stripe central from snout caudally to end of body. - abdomen : whitish, with dark green spotting. - bluish / mauve ( b161 ). - vocal sac under chin, inflated when calling ( b161 ). - three inner fingers of forelimbs have grasping pads ( b161 ). - paired tubercles under longest hind toe ( b159 ). tadpole : similar to those of common toads, darker than those of frogs and smaller than similar - age frog tadpoles or common toad tadpoles ( b161 ). similar species :. differentiated from bufo bufo - common toad by smaller size, parallel parotid glands and yellow stripe down centre of back ( b159 ). | range and habitat and central europe eastwards to western russia. ( b159 ). britain : scattered, local distribution, including south - west ireland ( b159, b161 ). - in north of range ( including britain ) found in sandy areas. - in remainder of range, wider variety of habitats. - up to 200m in iberia. - remain near pond. much of time is spent in crannies, or in burrows in soft sand. - active swimmers. - walk on land, and run, are also able to hop. - poor swimmer. - burrow in soft soil / sand. - mainly nocturnal. - in summer spend daytime in burrows, emerge at night to feed. - head - down, hindquarters - up posture when alarmed. ( b159, b160, b161 ). - crows, magpies, herons - rats, hedgehogs, stoats and weasels


feed. - head - down, hindquarters - up posture when alarmed. ( b159, b160, b161 ). - crows, magpies, herons - rats, hedgehogs, stoats and weasels - some natrix natrix - grass snake. skin shedding : - - longevity : more than 15 years ( b160 ). place : in shallow water, sometimes in puddles near a pond rather than in the pond itself ( b160, b161 ). timing : late march to beginning of august but usually late april to june in britain ( b160 ) ; mid - april to as late as july ( b161 ) courtship : male clasps female, gripping axillae ( b160 ). eggs : 3, 000 - 4, 000 laid in strings ; initially in two rows, later in a single row ( b160, b161 ). tadpole development : rapid. tadpole free of egg by about a week after spawning. develop into toadlets by six to eight weeks. may leave water by early june ( b160, b161 ) - late october to late february or early march. - in burrows or under large stones b161 adults : beetles, other insects, worms, spiders, woodlice, small tadpoles : initially algae on leaves and stems of plants, later animal food : dead fish, fledglings, tadpoles ( b161 ). feeding : catch prey on the move ( b160 ). organisations ( uk contacts ) :


so write it offline in an editor ( e. g., notepad ) and paste it in your little post box, viz. : from wikipedia, the free encyclopedia this article is about the general notion of determinism in philosophy. for other uses, see determinism ( disambiguation ). not to be confused with fatalism, predeterminism, or predictability. determinism is a metaphysical philosophical position stating that for everything that happens there are conditions such that, given those conditions, nothing else could happen. " there are many determinisms, depending upon what pre - conditions are considered to be determinative of an event. " determinism throughout the history of philosophy has sprung from diverse considerations, some of which overlap. some forms of determinism can be tested empirically with ideas stemming from physics and the philosophy of physics. the opposite of determinism is some kind of indeterminism ( otherwise called nondeterminism ). determinism is often contrasted with free will. determinism often is taken to mean simply causal determinism, that is, basing determinism upon the idea of cause - and - effect. it is the concept that events within a given paradigm are bound by causality in such a way that any state ( of an object or event ) is completely determined by prior states. this meaning can be distinguished from other varieties of determinism mentioned below. the introduction of " cause - and - effect " introduces unnecessary complications related to what is meant by a ' cause ' and how the presence of a ' cause ' might be established, the interpretation of which varies from one physical theory to another. these complications are avoided by a more general formulation based upon connections between ' events ' supplied by a theory : " a theory is deterministic if, and only if, given its state variables for some initial period, the theory logically determines a unique set of values for those variables for any other period. " — ernest nagel, alternative descriptions of physical state p. 292 this quote replaces the idea of ' cause - and - effect ' with that of ' logical implication ' according to one or another theory that connects events. in addition, an ' event ' is related by the theory itself to formalized states described using the parameters defined by that theory. thus, the details of interpretation are placed where they belong, fitted to the context in which the chosen theory applies. other debates often concern the scope of determined systems, with some maintaining that


to formalized states described using the parameters defined by that theory. thus, the details of interpretation are placed where they belong, fitted to the context in which the chosen theory applies. other debates often concern the scope of determined systems, with some maintaining that the entire universe ( or multiverse ) is a single determinate system and others identifying other more limited determinate systems. for example, using the definition of physical determinism above, the limitations of a theory to some particular domain of experience also limits the associated definition of ' determinism ' to that same domain. there are numerous historical debates involving many philosophical positions and varieties of determinism. they include debates concerning determinism and free will, technically denoted as compatibilistic ( allowing the two to coexist ) and incompatibilistic ( denying their coexistence is a possibility ). determinism should not be confused with self - determination of human actions by reasons, motives, and desires. determinism rarely requires that perfect prediction be practically possible – merely predictable in theory. many philosophical theories of determinism frame themselves with the idea that reality follows a sort of predetermined path causal determinism is " the idea that every event is necessitated by antecedent events and conditions together with the laws of nature ". however, causal determinism is a broad enough term to consider that " one ' s deliberations, choices, and actions will often be necessary links in the causal chain that brings something about. in other words, even though our deliberations, choices, and actions are themselves determined like everything else, it is still the case, according to causal determinism, that the occurrence or existence of yet other things depends upon our deliberating, choosing and acting in a certain way ". causal determinism proposes that there is an unbroken chain of prior occurrences stretching back to the origin of the universe. the relation between events may not be specified, nor the origin of that universe. causal determinists believe that there is nothing uncaused or self - caused. historical determinism ( a sort of path dependence ) can also be synonymous with causal determinism. nomological determinism ( sometimes called ' scientific ' determinism, although that is a misnomer ) is the most common form of causal determinism. it is the notion that the past and the present dictate the future entirely and necessarily by rigid natural laws, that every occurrence results inevitably from prior events. quantum mechanics and


misnomer ) is the most common form of causal determinism. it is the notion that the past and the present dictate the future entirely and necessarily by rigid natural laws, that every occurrence results inevitably from prior events. quantum mechanics and various interpretations thereof pose a serious challenge to this view. nomological determinism is sometimes illustrated by the thought experiment of laplace ' s demon. physical determinism holds holds that all physical events occur as described by physical laws. depending upon definitions, there is some room here for the view that not everything in the universe must be tied to some physical state, but that view is not usually emphasized by adherents of physical determinism because of the widely accepted scientific view that the operation of all physical systems ( often unnecessarily taken to mean everything ) can be explained entirely in physical terms, the assumed causal closure of physics. necessitarianism is very related to the causal determinism described above. it is a metaphysical principle that denies all mere possibility ; there is exactly one way for the world to be. leucippus claimed there were no uncaused events, and that everything occurs for a reason and by necessity. predeterminism is the idea that all events are determined in advance. the concept of predeterminism is often argued by invoking causal determinism, implying that there is an unbroken chain of prior occurrences stretching back to the origin of the universe. in the case of predeterminism, this chain of events has been pre - established, and human actions cannot interfere with the outcomes of this pre - established chain. predeterminism can be used to mean such pre - established causal determinism, in which case it is categorised as a specific type of determinism. it can also be used interchangeably with causal determinism - in the context of its capacity to determine future events. despite this, predeterminism is often considered as independent of causal determinism. the term predeterminism is also frequently used in the context of biology and hereditary, in which case it represents a form of biological determinism. fatalism is normally distinguished from " determinism ". fatalism is the idea that everything is fated to happen, so that humans have no control over their future. fate has arbitrary power, and need not follow any causal or otherwise deterministic laws. types of fatalism include hard theological determinism and the idea of predestination


fated to happen, so that humans have no control over their future. fate has arbitrary power, and need not follow any causal or otherwise deterministic laws. types of fatalism include hard theological determinism and the idea of predestination, where there is a god who determines all that humans will do. this may be accomplished either by knowing their actions in advance, via some form of omniscience or by decreeing their actions in advance. theological determinism is a form of determinism which states that all events that happen are pre - ordained, or predestined to happen, by a monotheistic deity, or that they are destined to occur given its omniscience. two forms of theological determinism exist, here referenced as strong and weak theological determinism. the first one, strong theological determinism, is based on the concept of a creator deity dictating all events in history : " everything that happens has been predestined to happen by an omniscient, omnipotent divinity ". the second form, weak theological determinism, is based on the concept of divine foreknowledge - " because god ' s omniscience is perfect, what god knows about the future will inevitably happen, which means, consequently, that the future is already fixed ". there exist slight variations on the above categorisation. some claim that theological determinism requires predestination of all events and outcomes by the divinity ( i. e. they do not classify the weaker version as ' theological determinism ' unless libertarian free will is assumed to be denied as a consequence ), or that the weaker version does not constitute ' theological determinism ' at all. with respect to free will, " theological determinism is the thesis that god exists and has infallible knowledge of all true propositions including propositions about our future actions ", more minimal criteria designed to encapsulate all forms of theological determinism. theological determinism can also be seen as a form of causal determinism, in which the antecedent conditions are the nature and will of god. logical determinism or determinateness is the notion that all propositions, whether about the past, present, or future, are either true or false. note that one can support causal determinism without necessarily supporting logical determinism and vice versa ( depending on one ' s views on the nature of time, but also randomness


the past, present, or future, are either true or false. note that one can support causal determinism without necessarily supporting logical determinism and vice versa ( depending on one ' s views on the nature of time, but also randomness ). the problem of free will is especially salient now with logical determinism : how can choices be free, given that propositions about the future already have a truth value in the present ( i. e. it is already determined as either true or false )? this is referred to as the problem of future contingents. adequate determinism focuses on the fact that, even without a full understanding of microscopic physics, we can predict the distribution of 1000 coin tosses often synonymous with logical determinism are the ideas behind spatio - temporal determinism or eternalism : the view of special relativity. j. j. c. smart, a proponent of this view, uses the term " tenselessness " to describe the simultaneous existence of past, present, and future. in physics, the " block universe " of hermann minkowski and albert einstein assumes that time is a fourth dimension ( like the three spatial dimensions ). in other words, all the other parts of time are real, like the city blocks up and down a street, although the order in which they appear depends on the driver ( see rietdijk – putnam argument ). adequate determinism is the idea that quantum indeterminacy can be ignored for most macroscopic events. this is because of quantum decoherence. random quantum events " average out " in the limit of large numbers of particles ( where the laws of quantum mechanics asymptotically approach the laws of classical mechanics ). stephen hawking explains a similar idea : he says that the microscopic world of quantum mechanics is one of determined probabilities. that is, quantum effects rarely alter the predictions of classical mechanics, which are quite accurate ( albeit still not perfectly certain ) at larger scales. something as large as an animal cell, then, would be " adequately determined " ( even in light of quantum indeterminacy ). nature and nurture interact in humans. a scientist looking at a sculpture after some time does not ask whether we are seeing the effects of the starting materials or environmental influences. although some of the above forms of determinism concern human behaviors and cognition, others frame themselves as an answer to the nature or nurture debate. they will suggest that one factor will entirely determine behavior. as scientific understanding has grown, however


influences. although some of the above forms of determinism concern human behaviors and cognition, others frame themselves as an answer to the nature or nurture debate. they will suggest that one factor will entirely determine behavior. as scientific understanding has grown, however, the strongest versions of these theories have been widely rejected as a single cause fallacy. in other words, the modern deterministic theories attempt to explain how the interaction of both nature and nurture is entirely predictable. the concept of heritability has been helpful to make this distinction. biological determinism, sometimes called genetic determinism, is the idea that each of our behaviors, beliefs, and desires are fixed by our genetic nature. behaviorism is the idea that all behavior can be traced to specific causes — either environmental or reflexive. this nurture - focused determinism was developed by john b. watson and b. f. skinner. cultural determinism or social determinism is the nurture - focused theory that it is the culture in which we are raised that determines who we are. environmental determinism is also known as climatic or geographical determinism. it holds the view that the physical environment, rather than social conditions, determines culture. supporters often also support behavioral determinism. key proponents of this notion have included ellen churchill semple, ellsworth huntington, thomas griffith taylor and possibly jared diamond, although his status as an environmental determinist is debated. a technological determinist might suggest that technology like the mobile phone is the greatest factor shaping human civilization. other ' deterministic ' theories actually seek only to highlight the importance of a particular factor in predicting the future. these theories often use the factor as a sort of guide or constraint on the future. they need not suppose that complete knowledge of that one factor would allow us to make perfect predictions. psychological determinism can mean that humans must act according to reason, but it can also be synonymous with some sort of psychological egoism. the latter is the view that humans will always act according to their perceived best interest. linguistic determinism claims that our language determines ( at least limits ) the things we can think and say and thus know. the sapir – whorf hypothesis argues that individuals experience the world based on the grammatical structures they habitually use. economic determinism is the theory which attributes primacy to the economic structure over politics in the development of human history. it is associated with the dialectical materialism of karl marx. technological determinism is a reductionist theory


- date : january 25, 2011 - in this story : asian tiger reserves can support more than 10, 000 wild tigers — three times the current estimate — if they are managed as large - scale landscapes that protect core breeding sites and benefit local communities, according to the world ’ s leading conservation scientists in a new study published on january 25. this positive news reveals that doubling the number of tigers in the wild is feasible. “ in the midst of a crisis, it ’ s tempting to circle the wagons and only protect a limited number of core protected areas, but we can and should do better, ” said dr. eric dinerstein, chief scientist at wwf and co - author of the study. “ we absolutely need to stop the bleeding, the poaching of tigers and their prey in core breeding areas, but we need to go much further and secure larger tiger landscapes before it is too late. ” wild tiger numbers have declined to as few as 3, 200 today compared to 100, 000 a century ago, due to poaching of tigers and their prey, habitat destruction and human - tiger conflict. “ a landscape - based conservation strategy to double the wild tiger population ” in the current issue of conservation letters provides the first assessment of the political commitment made by all 13 tiger range countries at november ’ s historic tiger summit to double the tiger population across asia by 2022. the study found that the 20 priority tiger conservation landscapes with the highest probability of long - term tiger survival could support more than 10, 500 tigers, including about 3, 400 breeding females. “ tiger conservation is the face of biodiversity conservation and competent sustainable land - use management at the landscape level, ” said study co - author dr. john seidensticker of the smithsonian conservation biology institute. “ by saving the tiger we save all the plants and animals that live under the tiger ’ s umbrella. ” the study also revealed that major infrastructure projects such dams, roads and mines will threaten tiger landscapes in the next decade. however, channeling revenues to communities from wildlife tourism, forest management in corridors and buffer zones, and earning carbon credits will provide new opportunities. read the full study view a map of the 12 best places to double the number of tigers in the wild learn more about wild tigers “ without strong countervailing pressures, short - term economic gains will inevitably trump protection of the critical ecosystems necessary for sustainable development, ” said keshav varma, program director of the global tiger initiative at the world bank. the study calls for mainstreaming wildlife conservation to shift to well


are the cables in your living room creating a jungle? don ' t worry – we ' ll help you untangle things so that digital television makes sense. just pick the category that describes your problem, and we ' ll guide you through it – step - by - step. last updated : thu, 09 jun 2011 > related articles this article addresses faqs about hdtv including : picture quality, picture display, and common terms. hdtv ( high definition tv ) is a tv display technology that provides a higher picture and sound quality than standard tv sets. roughly half of prime time tv programs of the major networks are available in the hdtv format ( 16 : 9 ). the other half are available in the standard - definition format ( 4 : 3 ). the aspect ratio of the content is controlled by the content providers ; example : hbo and showtime. you can access the providers website to see which programming is released in the hdtv format ( 16 : 9 ). - when a standard - definition ( 4 : 3 aspect ratio ) program is viewed on a hdtv ( 16 : 9 aspect ratio ), the hdtv centers the image on the screen with black or gray bars on either side. - when hdtv ( 16 : 9 aspect ratio ) content is displayed on a standard - definition tv ( 4 : 3 aspect ratio ), black bars will appear at the top and bottom of the screen. refer to your tv user guide for directions on removing the bars. if you have a scientific atlanta cable box, use the stretch and zoom hd settings to fill the tv screen area with the image. - a tv is considered to have burn - in when the hdtv colors are not evenly displayed across the screen. - to avoid burn - in, use the stretch and zoom hd settings to fill the tv screen area with the image. in some cases you can substitute gray bars for black bars to minimize burn in. you can also try turning your contrast down to 50 percent or lower. - burn in is usually not covered under warranty, and only affects the following tv displays : - direct - view crt - plasma flat - panel - crt - based rear projection the 4 : 3 aspect ratio is the shape of the standard tv monitor ( square ). the 16 : 9 aspect ratio is the shape of most hdtv monitors ( rectangular ). hdtvs have been manufactured in both 4 : 3 and 16 : 9 aspect ratios. widescreen is a term used for the 16 : 9 aspect ratio which is larger than the standard definition tv screen


shape of most hdtv monitors ( rectangular ). hdtvs have been manufactured in both 4 : 3 and 16 : 9 aspect ratios. widescreen is a term used for the 16 : 9 aspect ratio which is larger than the standard definition tv screen. - 1080p is the shorthand identification for a category of hdtv video modes. the number 1080 represents 1, 080 lines of vertical resolution ( 1, 080 horizontal scan lines ), while the letter p stands for progressive scan ( meaning the image is not interlaced ). the term usually assumes a widescreen aspect ratio of 16 : 9, implying a horizontal resolution of 1920 pixels. - 1080i is a ( hdtv ) video mode. the term usually assumes a widescreen aspect ratio of 16 : 9, implying a horizontal resolution of 1920 pixels and a frame resolution of 1920×1080 or about 2. 07 million pixels. - 720p is the shorthand name for a category of hdtv video modes. the number 720 stands for the 720 horizontal scan lines of display resolution ( also known as 720 pixels of vertical resolution ), while the letter p stands for progressive scan or non - interlaced. - 720 or 1080 lines of resolution from both the channel broadcast and the hdtv monitor ( note : a 480i dvd is not high definition, even though the image quality is considerably higher than a standard definition tv broadcast on a standard definition tv. ) - ability to display 16x9 aspect ratio pictures - y pb pr video component connections from the cable receiver to the hdtv - audio in the dolby digital ( ac - 3 ) format to support " 5. 1 " surround sound most hdtv monitors can display an sdtv ( 480i ) signal. if " sidebars " appear, you can press the settings button on the remote control twice to access the hdtv settings. then select the 480i stretch setting, which will stretch the 4 : 3 program to fill the entire screen area.


a consistent csg model is one which is made up of solid objects with no dangling surfaces. in rayshade, it is quite easy to construct inconsistent models, which will usually appear incorrect in the final images. in rayshade, csg is implemented by maintaining the tree structure of the csg operations. this tree is traversed, and the operators therein applied, on a per - ray basis. it is therefore difficult to verify the consistency of the model ` ` on the fly. ' ' one class of csg problems occur when surfaces of objects being operated upon coincide. for example, when subtracting a box from another box to make a square cup, the result will be wrong if the tops of the two boxes coincide. to correct this, the inner box should be made slightly taller than the outer box. a related problem that must be avoided occurs when two coincident surfaces are assigned different surface properties. it may seem that the union operator is unnecessary, since listing two objects together in an aggregate results in an image that appears to be the same. while the result of such a short - cut may appear the same on the exterior, the interior of the resulting object will contain extraneous surfaces. the following example show this quite clearly. difference box - 2 0 - 3 2 3 3 union / * change to list ; note bad internal surfaces * / sphere 2 1 0 0 sphere 2 - 1 0 0 end end rotate 1 0 0 - 40 rotate 0 0 1 50 the visual evidence of an inconsistent csg object varies depending upon the operator being used. when subtracting a consistent object from and inconsistent one, the resulting object will appear to be the union of the two objects, but the shading will be incorrect. it will appear to be inside - out in places, while correct in other places. the inside - out sections indicate the areas where the problems occur. such problems are often caused by polygons with incorrectly specified normals, or by surfaces that exactly coincide ( which appear as partial ` ` swiss cheese ' ' objects ). the following example illustrates an attempt to subtract a sphere from a pyramid defined using an incorrectly facing triangle. note that the resulting image obviously points to which triangle is reversed. name pyramid list triangle 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 triangle 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 triangle 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 triangle 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 / * wrong order * / end difference object pyramid scale 3 3 3 rotate 0 0 1 45


to use kickstart mode, you must first create a kickstart file, and make it available to the red hat linux installation program. normally this is done by copying the kickstart file to the boot diskette, or making it available on the network. the network - based approach is most commonly used, as most kickstart installations tend to be performed on networked computers. this also makes it easier to install red hat linux on many computers, as the kickstart files can be kept on single server system, and read by the individual computers during the installation. let ' s take a more in - depth look at the locations where kickstart file may be placed. to perform a diskette - based kickstart installation, the kickstart file must be named ks. cfg, and reside in the boot diskette ' s top - level directory. note that the red hat linux boot diskettes are in ms - dos format, making it easy to copy the kickstart file under linux using the mcopy command ( or, if you insist, you can also use windows ). although there ' s no technological requirement for it, most diskette - based kickstart installations install red hat linux from cd - rom. network installations using kickstart are quite common, because system administrators can easily automate the installation of many networked computers quickly and painlessly. in general, the approach most commonly used is for the administrator to have both a bootp / dhcp server and an nfs server on the local network. the bootp / dhcp server is used to give the client system its networking information, while the nfs server serves the actual files used during the installation. often these two servers run on the same physical machine, but there is no requirement for this. to do a network - based kickstart installation, you must have a bootp / dhcp server on your network, and it must include configuration information for the machine you are attempting to install. the bootp / dhcp server will be used to give the client its networking information as well as the location of the kickstart file. if a kickstart file is specified by the bootp / dhcp server, the client system will attempt an nfs mount of the file ' s path, and will copy the specified file to the client, using it as the kickstart file. the exact settings required vary depending on the bootp / dhcp server you use. here ' s an example for the dh


the file ' s path, and will copy the specified file to the client, using it as the kickstart file. the exact settings required vary depending on the bootp / dhcp server you use. here ' s an example for the dhcp server shipped with red hat linux : filename " / usr / new - machine / kickstart / " ; next - server blarg. redhat. com ; note that you should use filename for the kickstart file ' s name ( or the directory in which the kicstart file resides ), and next - server to set the nfs server name. if the filename returned by the bootp / dhcp server ends with a slash ( ` ` / ' ' ), then it is interpreted as a path only. in this case, the client system mounts that path using nfs, and searches for a specially - named file. the filename the client searches for is : the < ip - addr > section of the filename should be replaced with the client ' s ip address in dotted decimal notation. for example, the filename for a computer with an ip address of 10. 10. 0. 1 would be 10. 10. 0. 1 - kickstart. note that if you don ' t specify a server name, then the client system will attempt to use the server that answered the bootp / dhcp request as its nfs server. if you don ' t specify a path or filename, the client system will try to mount / kickstart from the bootp / dhcp server, and will try to find the kickstart file using the same < ip - addr > - kickstart filename as described above.


water creatures caught stealing dna tiny freshwater organisms that have a sex - free lifestyle, may have survived so well because they steal genes from other creatures, us scientists report. researchers from the harvard university in cambridge, massachusetts, have found genes from bacteria, fungi and even plants incorporated into the dna of bdelloid rotifers - minuscule animals that appear to have given up sex 40 million years ago. their report appears in this week ' s edition of science. sex is used by most life forms as a way of coping with changing circumstances, by allowing organisms to develop useful new genes and ditch harmful, mutated ones. the resilience of bdelloid and their sex - free lifestyle has stumped scientists. the team, headed by professor matthew meselson, looked at the dna of bdelloid rotifers to see how they manage to survive and evolve. it appears they overcome this hurdle by stealing dna from our organisms. " our result shows that genes can enter the genomes of bdelloids in a manner fundamentally different from that which, in other animals, results from the mating of males and females, " says meselson. " we found many genes that appear to have originated in bacteria, fungi, and plants. " the translucent, waterborne creatures, which range in size from 0. 1 to 1 millimetres long, lay eggs, but all their offspring are female. the researchers believe that when bdelloids dry out, they fracture their genetic material and rupture cellular membranes. when they rehydrate, they rebuild their genomes and their membranes, incorporating shreds of genetic material from other bdelloids and unrelated species in their vicinity. " these fascinating animals not only have relaxed the barriers to incorporation of foreign genetic material, but, more surprisingly, they even managed to keep some of these alien genes functional, " report co - author dr irina arkhipova says. according to the researchers, the next step is to determine whether bdelloid genomes also contain homologous genes imported from other bdelloids. meselson and his colleagues also hope to examine whether the animals actually use any of the hundreds of snippets of foreign dna they appear to vacuum up. understanding how the animals acquire and make use of these new genes could have implications for medicine. genetic mutations, which occur constantly in any living organism, underlie cancer, heart disease and various other diseases.


while any kind of dog can attack, some breeds are more prone to attacks than others. in fact, some dogs are more likely than others to kill humans. the centers of disease control estimates that more than 4. 7 million people are bitten by dogs every year. of those, 20 percent require medical attention. in a 15 - year study ( 1979 - 1994 ) a total of 239 deaths were reported as a result of injuries from dog attacks in the united states. through its research, the cdc compiled a list of the dogs most responsible for human fatalities. they are as follows : the study found that most dog - bite - related deaths happened to children. but, according to the cdc there are steps children ( and adults ) can take cut down the risk of a dog attack from family pets as well as dogs they are not familiar with : - don ' t approach an unfamiliar dog. - if an unfamiliar dog approaches you, stay motionless. - don ' t run from a dog or scream. - if a dog knocks you down, roll into a ball and stay still. - avoid looking directly into a dog ' s eyes. - leave a dog alone that is sleeping, eating or taking care of puppies. - let a dog see and sniff you before petting it. - don ' t play with a dog unless there is an adult present. - if a dog bites you, tell an adult immediately. but, the cdc ' s report says most attacks are preventable in three ways : 1. " owner and public education. dog owners, through proper selection, socialization, training, care, and treatment of a dog, can reduce the likelihood of owning a dog that will eventually bite. male and unspayed / unneutered dogs are more likely to bite than are female and spayed / neutered dogs. " 2. " animal control at the community level. animal - control programs should be supported, and laws for regulating dangerous or vicious dogs should be promulgated and enforced vigorously. for example, in this report, 30 % of dog - bite - related deaths resulted from groups of owned dogs that were free roaming off the owner ' s property. " 3. " bite reporting. evaluation of prevention efforts requires improved surveillance for dog bites. dog bites should be reported as required by local or state ordinances, and reports of such incidents should include information about the circumstances of the bite ; ownership, breed, sex, age, spay / neuter status, and history of prior aggression of the animal ; and the


ask a question about ' gypsy breynton ' start a new discussion about ' gypsy breynton ' answer questions from other users is the heroine of an eponymous series of books written by elizabeth stuart phelps elizabeth stuart phelps ward, born mary gray phelps, was an american author and an early advocate of clothing reform for women, urging them to burn their corsets. - biography :.... the books were written in 1866 - 7 for sunday school sunday school is the generic name for many different types of religious education pursued on sundays by various denominations. - england : the first sunday school may have been opened in 1751 in st. mary ' s church, nottingham. another early start was made by hannah ball, a native of high wycombe in... s and so are of an improving nature. gypsy, as the name indicates, is an impetuous tomboy a tomboy is a girl who exhibits characteristics or behaviors considered typical of the gender role of a boy, including the wearing of typically masculine - oriented clothes and engaging in games and activities that are often physical in nature, and which are considered in many cultures to be the... who lives a chaotic life lacking a system. her development and experiences provide the basis for the restrained moralising of the stories. the four books in the series are - gypsy breynton - gypsy ' s cousin joy - gypsy ' s sowing and reaping - gypsy ' s year at the golden crescent


italian food & cuisine history despite the common american misconception, there is no typical approach when it comes to italian cuisine. instead, styles have developed over the centuries on the regional levels resulting in a multitude of customs and techniques. if there were to be a unifying theme in italian cooking, however, it would have to be the utilization of fresh, seasonal ingredients. however, due to the diversity of climate and geography in italy, even the available ingredients themselves are different from area to area. a good example of the regionalism of styles and ingredients can be found in the differences between northern and southern italian cooking. much of southern diet is influenced by its proximity to the mediterranean sea, resulting in its reliance on fresh fish such as tuna and swordfish. in addition, its abundance of seafood has caused the cooking style to be lighter and simpler, highlighting ingredients such as tomatoes and olive oil. this style has even been deemed by the italian government as the “ mediterranean cuisine ”. the northern style however, replaces the southern reliance on fish with beef, pork, and dried beans which are more readily available in the region. in addition, the north uses butter and cream rather than olive oil as it ’ s dominating cooking fat. the result is a tradition that is heavier and heartier than the southern provinces. it is worth mentioning that many of the new trends in italian cuisine seen in america are actually part of this approach. risotto, a savory rice dish which relies on the breakdown of starches to produce its characteristic creaminess, and polenta, a side dish made from corn meal, have long been mainstays of the northern italian diet. despite the popularity of these broader dishes to this country ’ s restaurant scene, most americans still associate italian food with pasta and pizza. and while pasta does play an important role in italian cuisine, it is much more versatile than just spaghetti and meatballs. orzo, for example, is rice - shaped pasta that is seen often prepared as a side dish to beef or veal while gnocchi are potato dumplings often seen tossed in simple sauces that highlight their delicateness. even heartier pastas are often paired with more than just marinara sauce. examples of this are the northern - used bolognese sauce, a meaty blend of tomatoes and cream, and the dramatically different pesto, a light blend of chopped basil, garlic, olive oil, and pine nuts. finally, desserts play an important part of the italian diet. cannolis and tiramisu, both


tomatoes and cream, and the dramatically different pesto, a light blend of chopped basil, garlic, olive oil, and pine nuts. finally, desserts play an important part of the italian diet. cannolis and tiramisu, both of which contain sweetened mascarpone fillings, are the most widely known in america though others have recently gained attention. for example, gelatos are similar to ice cream but differ in that they are served in a semi - frozen state which results in a creamier, smoother texture. for the more health - conscious, a granita might be preferred. because of the absence of milk or cream, the final texture is coarser and more crystalline. on the other end of the dessert spectrum are those made with wine or alcohol. zabaglione is an egg custard often times flavored with marsala or champagne which is often served with strawberries and zaletti, light cornmeal cookies. we hope this overview has helped you to better understand the diversity of italian cuisine. of course, the best learning is accomplished through experience so we encourage you to use our site and find the italian restaurant that has been waiting for you. buon appetito! click here to find italian restaurants in dallas, ga


you had surgery to treat your gastroesophageal reflux disease ( gerd ). gerd is a condition that causes food or liquid to come up from your stomach into your esophagus ( the tube that carries food from your mouth to your stomach ). your surgeon probably repaired a hiatal hernia with stitches. a hiatal hernia develops when the natural opening in your diaphragm is too large. your diaphragm is the muscle layer between your chest and belly. your stomach may bulge through this large hole into your chest. this bulging is called a hiatal hernia. it may make gerd symptoms worse. your surgeon also wrapped the upper part of your stomach around the end of your esophagus to create pressure at the end of your esophagus. this pressure helps prevent stomach acid and food from flowing back up. your surgery was done by making a large incision in your upper belly ( open surgery ) or with a laparoscope ( a thin tube with a tiny camera on the end ). what to expect at home most patients go back to work 2 - 3 weeks after laparoscopic surgery and 4 - 6 weeks after open surgery. you may have a feeling of tightness when you swallow for 6 - 8 weeks. this is from the swelling inside your esophagus. you may also have some bloating. when you get back home, you will be drinking a clear liquid diet for 2 weeks. you will be on a full liquid diet for about 2 weeks after that, and then a soft - food diet after that. on the liquid diet : start off with small amounts of liquid, about 1 cup at a time. sip. do not gulp. drink liquids often during the day after surgery. avoid cold liquids. do not drink carbonated beverages. do not drink through straws ( they can bring air into your stomach ). crush pills, and take them with liquids for the first month after surgery. when you are eating solid foods again, chew well. do not eat cold foods. do not eat foods that clump together, such as rice or bread. eat small amounts of food several times a day instead of 3 big meals. your doctor will give you a prescription for pain medicine. get it filled when you go home so you have it when you need it. take your pain medicine before your pain becomes too severe. if you have gas pains, try walking around to ease them. do not drive, operate any machinery, or drink alcohol