. several display formats are available to the philologic user. results can be displayed on screen line by line, with the search word highlighted or centered. the user may also browse through the full context of any result, examining many sentences or paragraphs around the target of the search. philologic displays the bibliographic information and page number for each occurrence and can sort the results on screen by date, author name, keywords and other fields. access to the artfl database access to the databases is organized through a consortium of user institutions, in most cases universities and colleges, each of which pay an annual subscription fee. in 2009, this fee is $ 500 ( us ) for phd granting institutions and $ 250 ( us ) for other universities and colleges. all scholars and students at affiliated institutions have access to the database. our subscription information page contains more on database access. both the cnrs and the university of chicago are committed to the future growth of the artfl project. these activities include expansion of the size of the database, correction of texts already in the database, and continued development of access and analysis software. the project has obtained many important texts from other scholars and welcomes new contributions and proposals for collecting more texts. artfl expects to continue improving its research systems and plans to develop new analytical tools as well. we welcome joint projects with other institutions and invite you to contact us to discuss possible collaborations. users at member universities will continue to play an important role in providing direction to the future development of the artfl project. please consult the artfl news page for updates concerning newly available texts and tools. the artfl project is supported by a full - time staff at the university of chicago. we encourage you to contact us with any questions you may have about the project, such as the availability of texts, operation of the system, or the costs of using the database. the artfl project department of romance languages and literatures division of the humanities university of chicago 1115 east 58th street chicago, il 60637 tel : 773 - 702 - 8488 | email : artfl [ at ] artfl [ dot ] uchicago [ dot ] edu


what is an s corporation? an s corporation is a regular corporation that lets you enjoy the limited liability of a corporate shareholder but pay income taxes on the same basis as a sole proprietor or a partner. in a regular corporation ( also known as a c corporation ), the company itself is taxed on business profits. the owners pay individual income tax only on money that they draw from the corporation as salary, bonuses or dividends. by contrast, in an s corporation, all business profits “ pass through ” to the owners, who report them on their personal tax returns ( as in sole proprietorships, partnerships and llcs ). the s corporation itself does not pay any income tax, although a co - owned s corporation must file an informational tax return like a partnership or llc — to tell the irs what each shareholder ’ s portion of the corporate income is. most states follow the federal pattern when taxing s corporations : they don ’ t impose a corporate tax, choosing instead to tax the business ’ s profits on the shareholders ’ personal tax returns. about half a dozen states, however, do tax an s corporation like a regular corporation. the tax division of your state treasury department can tell you how s corporations are taxed in your state. should you elect s corporation status? if your corporation meets certain criteria, such as having only shareholders who are u. s. citizens or residents, you can elect to do business as an s corporation. operating as an s corporation rather than a regular corporation may be wise for several reasons : - an s corporation generally allows you to pass business losses through to your personal income tax return, using it to offset any income that you ( and your spouse, if you ’ re married ) have from other sources. - when you sell your s corporation, your taxable gain on the sale of the business can be less than if you operated the business as a regular corporation. but aside from the benefits, s corporations impose strict requirements. here are the main rules : - each s corporation shareholder must be a u. s. citizen or resident. - s corporation profits and losses may be allocated only in proportion to each shareholder ’ s interest in the business. - an s corporation shareholder may not deduct corporate losses that exceed their “ basis ” in their stock — which equals the amount of their investment in the company plus or minus a few adjustments. - s corporations may not deduct the cost of fringe benefits provided to employee - shareholders who own more than 2 % of the corporation. fortunately, your decision to elect


equals the amount of their investment in the company plus or minus a few adjustments. - s corporations may not deduct the cost of fringe benefits provided to employee - shareholders who own more than 2 % of the corporation. fortunately, your decision to elect to be an s corporation isn ’ t permanent. if you later find there are tax advantages to being a regular corporation, you can drop your s corporation status after a certain amount of time. how to elect s corporation status to be treated as an s corporation, all shareholders must sign and file irs form 2553. shareholders then pay income tax on their share of the corporation ’ s income whether or not they actually receive the money. if the corporation suffers a loss, shareholders can claim their share of that loss. s corporation alternatives you can accomplish the simultaneous goals of limited liability and pass - through taxation by creating a limited liability company ( llc ). because an llc offers its owners the significant advantage of greater flexibility in allocating profits and losses, and because llcs aren ’ t subject to the many restrictions of s corporations, forming an llc is often the better choice. ( to learn more about limited liability companies, see “ llc basics. ” ) consult an expert choosing an ownership structure for your business can be complicated. to find out whether an s corporation, a c corporation or an llc is the best fit for your company, consult a tax lawyer or an experienced accountant who is knowledgeable about the tax advantages and disadvantages of the various types of ownership structures.


by dr. mercola one of the reasons why conventional cancer treatment is such a dismal failure in the united states is because it relies on chemotherapy. chemotherapy drugs are, by their very nature, extremely toxic and typically work against your body ' s natural ability to fight cancer, e. g. destroying host immunity instead of supporting it. one of the biggest drawbacks to chemotherapy is the fact that it destroys healthy cells throughout your body right along with cancer cells, a " side effect " that often leads to accelerated death, not healing. another devastating side effect of chemotherapy is the way it actually supports the more chemo resistant and malignant cell subpopulations within tumors ( e. g. cancer stem cells ), both killing the more benign cells and / or senescent cells within the tumor that keep it slow - growing, or even harmless. as a result, this unleashes a more aggressive, treatment - resistant type of cancer to wreak havoc on the body. a handful of natural compounds have been discovered, however, which exhibit an effect called " selective cytotoxicity. " this means they are able to kill cancer cells while leaving healthy cells and tissue unharmed. this type of cancer treatment is intelligent, targeted and will not result in the death of the patient from " collateral damage " in what is increasingly a failed war not against the cancer being treated, but the patient ' s own irreversibly devastated body. bromelain in pineapples kills cancer cells without harming you one such compound is bromelain, an enzyme that can be extracted from pineapple stems. research published in the journal planta medica found that bromelain was superior to the chemotherapy drug 5 - fluorauracil in treating cancer in an animal study. i researchers stated : " this antitumoral effect [ of bromelain ] was superior to that of 5 - fu [ 5 - fluorouracil ], whose survival index was approximately 263 %, relative to the untreated control. " what makes this impact particularly impressive is that the bromelain worked without causing additional harm to the animals. the chemo drug 5 - fluorauracil, on the other hand, has a relatively unsuccessful and dangerous track record despite being used for nearly 40 years. as written by greenmedinfo : " as a highly toxic, fluoride - bound form of the nucleic acid uracil, a normal component of rna, the drug is supposed to work by tricking more rapidly


nearly 40 years. as written by greenmedinfo : " as a highly toxic, fluoride - bound form of the nucleic acid uracil, a normal component of rna, the drug is supposed to work by tricking more rapidly dividing cells - - which include both cancer and healthy intestinal, hair follicle, and immune cells - - into taking it up, thereby inhibiting ( read : poisoning ) rna replication enzymes and rna synthesis. … when a person dies following conventional cancer treatment it is all too easy to " blame the victim " and simply write that patient ' s cancer off as " chemo - resistant, " or " exceptionally aggressive, " when in fact the non - selective nature of the chemotoxic agent is what ultimately lead to their death. " selective cytotoxicity is indeed a property that is only found among natural compounds ; no chemotherapy drug yet developed is capable of this effect. aside from bromelain, other examples of natural compounds that have been found to kill cancer cells without harming healthy cells include : - vitamin c - - dr. ronald hunninghake carried out a 15 - year research project called recnac ( cancer spelled backwards ). his groundbreaking research in cell cultures showed that vitamin c was selectively cytotoxic against cancer cells. - eggplant extract : solasodine rhamnosyl glycosides ( bec ), which is a fancy name for extracts from plants of the solanaceae family, such as eggplant, tomato, potato, bell peppers, and tobacco, also impact only cancerous cells leaving normal cells alone. eggplant extract cream appears to be particularly useful in treating skin cancer. dr. bill e. cham, a leading researcher in this area, explains : " the mode of action of srgs [ glycoalkaloids solasodine rhamnosy glycosides ( bec ) ] is unlike any current antineoplastic [ anti - tumor ] agent. specific receptors for the srgs present only on cancer cells but not normal cells are the first step of events that lead to apoptosis in cancer cells only, and this may explain why during treatment the cancer cells were being eliminated and normal cells were replacing the killed cancer cells with no scar tissue being formed. " - turmeric ( curcumin extract ) : of all the natural cancer fighters out there, this spice has been the most intensely researched for exhibiting selective cytotoxicity.


the killed cancer cells with no scar tissue being formed. " - turmeric ( curcumin extract ) : of all the natural cancer fighters out there, this spice has been the most intensely researched for exhibiting selective cytotoxicity. ii remarkably, in a 2011 study published in the journal of nutritional biochemistry, rats administered curcumin, the primary polyphenol in turmeric, saw a decrease in experimentally - induced brain tumors in 9 out of 11 treated, while noting that the curcumin did not affect the viability of brain cells " suggesting that curcumin selectively targets the transformed [ cancerous ] cells. " how enzymes might help treat cancer bromelain is a proteolytic enzyme ( an enzyme that digests proteins ). in the planta medica study, it was injected directly into the abdominal cavity. getting enzymes from your digestive tract into your bloodstream isn ' t as easy as it would seem, as enzymes are very susceptible to denaturing and must be helped to survive the highly acidic environment in your stomach. they are often given an " enteric coating " to help them survive the journey through your digestive tract. and then, there is the matter of absorption. for nearly 100 years, medical dogma insisted that enzymes taken orally were too large to pass through the digestive tract wall. however, there is now a good deal of research that they can indeed pass through your intestine intactiii and into your bloodstream and lymphatic system, where they can deliver their services to the rest of your body... one of the mysteries of medical science. now that we know this is possible, systemic oral enzymes have been used to treat problems ranging from sports injuries to arthritis to heart disease and cancer, particularly in european countries. but most of the research has been published in non - english language journals. is cancer the result of diminished pancreatic enzymes? this systemic use of enzymes is just now taking off in the united states, but the use of enzymes to treat cancer has its roots all the way back to 1911 with john beard ' s the enzyme treatment of cancer and its scientific basis. beard believed cancer was a result of diminished pancreatic enzymes, impairing your immune response. a study in 1999iv suggests he may have been right on target. ten patients with inoperable pancreatic cancer were treated with large doses of oral pancreatic enzymes ( along with detoxification and an organic diet ), and


response. a study in 1999iv suggests he may have been right on target. ten patients with inoperable pancreatic cancer were treated with large doses of oral pancreatic enzymes ( along with detoxification and an organic diet ), and their survival rates were 3 to 4 times higher than patients receiving conventional treatment. proteolytic enzymes can be helpful in treating cancer because they help restore balance to your immune system. dr. nick gonzalez in new york city, ny has also done a lot of work on enzymes in cancer treatment and has written a book on the subject. v some of the ways proteolytic enzymes can be helpful in the fight against cancer are : vi - boosting cytokines, particularly interferon and tumor necrosis factor, which are very important warriors in destroying cancer cells. - decreasing inflammation. - dissolving fibrin : cancer cells hide under a cloak of fibrin to escape detection. once the cancer cells are " uncloaked, " they can be spotted and attacked by your immune system. it is also thought that fibrin makes cancer cells " stick together, " which increases the chance for metastases. - german studies have shown that systemic enzymes increase the potency of macrophages and killer cells 12 - fold. fortunately, you get ( or should be getting ) many enzymes from the foods you consume — particularly, raw foods. these directly help with your digestive process. the more raw foods you eat, the lower the burden on your body to produce the enzymes it needs, not only for digestion, but for practically everything. whatever enzymes are not used up in digestion are then available to help with other important physiological processes. this is one of the reasons why it is so important to eat a diet rich in fresh, organic, raw foods. you may even want to try juicing some of your vegetables, and the core of your pineapple, as a way of getting more nutrients — and enzymes — into your body. in the event you use enzymes in supplement form, it is crucial that, in order for enzymes to be used systemically, they must be consumed on an empty stomach. otherwise, your body will use them for digesting your food, instead of being absorbed into the blood and doing their work there. looking for an alternative to chemo for cancer treatment? dr. gonzalez is on the front lines and actively engaged in helping people by coaching them with natural alternatives instead of toxic drugs and radiation for cancer. i would personally not hesitate to


african pink jacaranda ( jesse durko, courtesy ) this monthly feature spotlights a plant well - suited for south florida gardens. stereospermum kunthianum, the african pink jacaranda, produces lots of pink trumpet - shaped blooms from february to april. the bright blooms cover the tree particularly heavily after extended drought periods. they are carried in large pendulous panicles and appear before the new foliage emerges. individual blooms are 1 1 / 4 to 2 inches wide and 1 1 / 4 inches long. the lower corolla lip is streaked with red markings, standing out against the overall pink coloration. the foliage is pinnate with an average of four pairs of leaflets and terminal leaflet. the overall leaf averages 10 inches in length with leaflets about 3 1 / 4 inches long and 1 1 / 4 inches wide. leaves are green above and yellow - green below with prominent veins. the pink jacaranda varies considerably in size depending on where it grows. trees growing in moist locations can attain 40 feet in height, whereas trees in very dry rocky areas may only reach 10 - 15 feet. the dark gray bark sometimes peels like a sycamore, which is ornamental. sandy well - drained soil and sun are preferred for best growth. sources : jesse durko ' s nursery, 5151 sw 70th ave. ( viele road ), davie, 954 - 792 - 2297 ; wonder gardens at sears, university drive and broward boulevard, plantation, 954 - 7370 - 2872 ; dynaserv nursery, 990 s. flamingo road, davie, 954 - 472 - 4422 ; delray garden center, 3827 w. atlantic ave., delray beach, 561 - 243 - 6869. african pink jacaranda scientific name : stereospermum kunthianum origin : mozambique, zimbabwe growth rate : moderate nutritional requirements : low soil requirements : sandy, well - drained salt tolerance : low - medium drought tolerance : high light requirements : full sun pest problems : none so far


padraic colum ( 18811972 ). the golden fleece and the heroes who lived before achilles. 1921. part ii. the return to greece chapter v. medea comes to circe they sailed up the river ister until they came to the eridanus, that river across which no bird can fly. leaving the eridanus they entered the rhodanus, a river that rises in the extreme north, where night herself has her habitation. and voyaging up this river they came to the stormy lakes. a mist lay upon the lakes night and day ; voyaging through them the argonauts at last brought out their ship upon the sea of ausonia. it was zetes and calais, the sons of the north wind, who brought the argo safely along this dangerous course. and to zetes and calais iris, the messenger of the gods, appeared and revealed to them where circes island lay. deep blue water was all around that island, and on its height a marble house was to be seen. but a strange haze covered everything as with a veil. as the argonauts came near they saw what looked to them like great dragonflies ; they came down to the shore, and then the heroes saw that they were maidens in gleaming dresses. the argonauts would have drawn the ship close and would have sprung upon the island only that medea cried out to them. she showed them the beasts that whimpered around the maidens, and then, as the argonauts looked upon them, they saw that these were not beasts of the wild. there was something strange and fearful about them ; the heroes gazed upon them with troubled eyes. they brought the ship near, but they stayed upon their benches, holding the oars in their hands. medea sprang to the island ; she spoke to the maidens so that they shrank away ; then the beasts came and whimpered around her. forbear to land here, o argonauts, medea cried, for this is the island where men are changed into beasts. she called to jason to come ; only jason would she have come upon the island. they went swiftly toward the marble house, and the beasts followed them, looking up at jason and medea with pitiful human eyes. they went into the marble house of circe, and as suppliants they seated themselves at the hearth. circe stood at her loom, weaving her many - colored threads. swiftly she turned


and medea with pitiful human eyes. they went into the marble house of circe, and as suppliants they seated themselves at the hearth. circe stood at her loom, weaving her many - colored threads. swiftly she turned to the suppliants ; she looked for something strange in them, for just before they came the walls of her house dripped with blood and the flame ran over and into her pot, burning up all the magic herbs she was brewing. she went toward where they sat, medea with her face hidden by her hands, and jason, with his head bent, holding with its point in the ground the sword with which he had slain the son of æetes. when medea took her hands away from before her face, circe knew that, like herself, this maiden was of the race of helios. medea spoke to her, telling her first of the voyage of the heroes and of their toils ; telling her then of how she had given help to jason against the will of æetes, her father ; telling her then, fearfully, of the slaying of apsyrtus. she covered her face with her robe as she spoke of it. and then she told circe she had come, warned by the judgment of zeus, to ask of circe, the daughter of helios, to purify her from the stain of her brothers blood. like all the children of helios, circe had eyes that were wide and full of life, but she had stony lipslips that were heavy and moveless. bright golden hair hung smoothly along each of her sides. first she held a cup to them that was filled with pure water, and jason and medea drank from that cup. then circe stayed by the hearth ; she burnt cakes in the flame, and all the while she prayed to zeus to be gentle with these suppliants. she brought both to the seashore. there she washed medeas body and her garments with the spray of the sea. medea pleaded with circe to tell her of the life she foresaw for her, but circe would not speak of it. she told medea that one day she would meet a woman who knew nothing about enchantments but who had much human wisdom. she was to ask of her what she was to do in her life or what she was to leave undone. and whatever this woman out of her wisdom told her, that medea was


storytelling in the classroom storytelling is not the same as reading aloud because it requires greater interaction between the teller and the listener. therefore, storytelling is a great tool for improving children ' s communication skills, as well as developing language skills, comprehension, and self - awareness. ( reading and communication skills ) to help students use storytelling to foster creativity and to develop social skills and language skills — speaking, listening, and comprehension print out selected building blocks character cards, know - kit cards, character bios, and abc coloring book pages. if you ' re going to use the optional activity for older students, gather a variety of at least 10 to 12 everyday items ( pencil, spoon, umbrella, pair of shoes, tape, etc. ). - gather the students in a large group. choose a building blocks character picture and introduce him or her as a new student in the class. tell the students some important things to know about their new friend based on the character cards and biography. we will use ali rabbit for our example. ali rabbit is 5 years old. he lives with his mom, dad, grandparents, and great grandpa. he has six brothers and sisters. the oldest is aged 17 and the youngest is 5. his favorite sport is soccer. he likes to play on the computer and make music. his good friend is thurgood turtle. - now, start a story about ali rabbit ' s first day in your classroom. include specific places and people in the story — the bus driver, the media specialist, etc. model good storytelling practices for the students to remind them to speak clearly and loudly and to express feelings as they tell the story. is ali excited, frightened, or shy about his first day at a new school? - then, pass the picture of ali to a student and have him or her add to the story. continue passing the picture around the class until ali ' s first day at school is complete. you may need to ask questions to prompt the children ’ s imaginations. - next, divide the class into small groups. select several know - kit cards and / or abc coloring book pages that show ali rabbit. for example : ali asleep on the soccer field, ali playing the keyboard, ali crying when someone took away his keyboard, ali eating peanut butter and apples, ali at his fifth birthday party, or ali with his friends. - let the group talk about the pictures as they put them into a sequence and begin to make up a story that goes with the pictures. depending on the age of your students, you may have


his fifth birthday party, or ali with his friends. - let the group talk about the pictures as they put them into a sequence and begin to make up a story that goes with the pictures. depending on the age of your students, you may have to help them decide on the sequence of the pictures they will use. - have each group come to the front of the class with their pictures and share their story. have others in the class participate by asking questions about the story or the characters. - finally, mix up all the pictures and distribute them around the class. start a story based on the picture you hold. then, call on a child to add to your story, using the character in the picture he or she holds. go around the room and call on students to add to the class story. - have the students talk about the different stories and tell what they liked best. was it more fun to have planned a story with their small group or to mix and match stories as a whole group? why? optional : for older students place all the everyday items you ’ ve gathered into a big box. be sure not to let the students see what ' s in the box. then, tell the students that they ' re going to tell a story using the props in the box. pass out one prop to the first student and have him or her start the story. then, in the middle of the story, pass out another prop to a different student, which is the cue to jump into the story. continue this until all the props are given out. the stories should make everyone laugh with the mismatched items and complicated storyline. you can start again using the same props, but in a different order. or, you can have students find their own props to tell an add - on group story. please note — to view documents in pdf format, you must have adobe ’ s free acrobat reader software. if you do not already have this software installed on your computer, please download it from adobe ' s web site.


as a sleep researcher for select comfort, i often witness poor sleep strategies that result in a diminished quality of life. insufficient or in adequate sleep not only affects how we look and feel, it also has far more dire consequences. research firmly links poor sleep with many cardiovascular and metabolic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and obesity. it ’ s linked to accidents in the workplace, on the road and at home, and negatively impacts our memory, problem - solving capacity and mood. as a former high school math teacher ( and father of two extremely active daughters in the third and sixth grades ), i deeply appreciate the teaching profession and its influence on our children. not many lines of work are more demanding than those in education, and quality sleep plays a critical role in virtually every function of a teacher ’ s day. deficiencies in sleep can show up in many places : lack of stamina. sleep has many functions, but fundamentally it ’ s designed to provide us with about sixteen hours of sustained, alert wakefulness. from the second we wake in the morning “ pressure ” begins to build to go back to sleep. if you didn ’ t start the day with a good 7. 5 to 8 hours of quality sleep, you begin the day with a sleep debt that will reveal itself early in the afternoon. that insuppressible urge to yawn or feeling of nodding off right after lunch is a tell - tale sign of inadequate sleep. many suppress it with caffeine — but that introduces a classic vicious circle. caffeine has a half - life of up to seven hours. half the caffeine you consume mid - afternoon will still be affecting you at bed time, diminishing the quality of your sleep creating even more sleep debt as you begin the next day. diminished immunity. excellent research clearly shows that the amount and quality of your sleep directly affects your susceptibility to respiratory illnesses, including the common cold. a study at carnegie mellon revealed that those sleeping less than 7 hours per night were nearly three times more likely to catch the cold when exposed to the common cold virus than those sleeping eight hours a night. furthermore, poor sleepers — defined as those actually in bed for eight hours but awake for 38 minutes or more ( due to trouble falling asleep, tossing and turning, getting up during the night, etc. ) — were five and a half times more likely to catch the cold compared to sound sleepers. another study at the university of chicago found that the effectiveness of the flu vaccination is delayed if you are in


up during the night, etc. ) — were five and a half times more likely to catch the cold compared to sound sleepers. another study at the university of chicago found that the effectiveness of the flu vaccination is delayed if you are inoculated when sleep deprived. accidents. safety in our schools and outside our schools depends on lots of high - quality sleep. our physical reaction times and speed of thought are dulled when sleep deprived, similar to the effects of alcohol. in fact a well - publicized study found that when we are awake for about 17 – 19 consecutive hours, our impairment is equivalent to having a blood alcohol concentration ( bac ) of. 07 ( almost legally drunk in most states. ) several consecutive nights of insufficient sleep can produce the same effects. countless times during the day we rely on a high level of vigilance and reaction speed to prevent accidents from happening. inefficiency. great teachers are creative, solve problems on the fly, can handle multiple tasks simultaneously and exude a caring attitude towards the students ; but only if they are well - rested. the areas of the brain responsible for these cognitive roles all require generous amounts of high - quality sleep to function properly. when we are even slightly sleep deprived, our ability to multi - task takes a hit, as does our creativity, problem solving and mood. the later segments of a good night ’ s sleep are dominated by rapid eye movement ( rem ) sleep. as it turns out, that stage of sleep is critical for our higher order mental functioning. trying to “ get by ” on six hours of sleep wreaks havoc on the amount of rem sleep we typically get — so don ’ t skimp! weight gain. sixty percent of our nation is overweight with nearly 30 percent being obese — and it affects health care costs, productivity and overall well - being. more than a dozen studies have confirmed that our nation ’ s weight problem is tied to insufficient sleep. when we ’ re sleepy, we aren ’ t as active during the day and we tend to put off our exercise regimen. there also is evidence that we simply burn fewer calories during the day when sleep deprived. on the metabolic level, the hormones that regulate our appetite are disrupted when we sleep less than we should. the signal for hunger is artificially higher than normal and the signal for satiety is lower — we ’ re always hungry and never satisfied. when we ’ re tired, our brains compensate by consuming unnecessary calories that quickly turn into unwanted pounds.


the signal for hunger is artificially higher than normal and the signal for satiety is lower — we ’ re always hungry and never satisfied. when we ’ re tired, our brains compensate by consuming unnecessary calories that quickly turn into unwanted pounds. research also confirms that when sleep deprived, we tend to abandon our dietary choices, gravitating from healthier foods to those with more sugars and starches. many of your students are sleep deprived and may not understand or appreciate its importance. we talk a lot about diet and the role of exercise with our children, but often overlook sleep. as teachers and parents, we can start by setting a good example! in fact, select comfort, the maker of the sleep number bed, is helping teachers get a better night ’ s sleep. please read sleep number helps teachers make the grade. evelyn, a grade - school teacher in omaha, ne, understands the importance of sleep as it relates to her students and said, “ as teacher of a lively group of 10 year - olds, my day can only be described as hectic and demanding! a quality night ’ s sleep is a must, and i find the sleep number bed to be the perfect solution to getting a good night ’ s rest. it enables me to function at my best and give my students the education they deserve. their energy level is high and so is mine! ”


- dysbarism is a collective term for all illnesses resulting from changes in ambient pressure that occur at a rate exceeding the capacity of the person to adapt safely. conditions such as decompression sickness ( the bends ), arterial gas embolism ( age ), and barotrauma may result. - decompression illness is a term that refers to both decompression sickness and age. - diagnosis of dysbarism can usually be made on history and examination alone. - gas coming out of solution and forming bubbles is the prime cause of decompression sickness, whereas gas contraction and expansion causes barotrauma. - any body tissue can be affected, resulting in a wide variety of clinical presentations. any new symptom with a close temporal relation to diving should be presumed due to dysbarism until shown to be otherwise. - the unpredictability of ultimate outcome at the onset of any decompression illness requires each case to be managed as a medical emergency. - recompression is the mainstay of treatment for decompression illness. early administration improves outcome. - oxygen administration plays a key role in all cases of decompression illness, both as emergency treatment and during recompression. otras enfermedades relacionadas - near drowning - migraine headache in adults - assessment of coma - overview of acute coronary syndrome - pulmonary embolism - overview of seizure disorder - multiple sclerosis - guillain - barre syndrome - transverse myelitis - overview of pneumonia - acute asthma exacerbation in adults - otitis media - otitis externa - acute sinusitis - assessment of dizziness - assessment of psychosis - non - diabetic hypoglycaemia - bacterial meningitis - assessment of cranial nerve mononeuropathy actualizado por ultima vez : oct 23, 2012


using energy2d to simulate trombe wallsfebruary 26th, 2013 by charles xie a trombe wall is a sun - facing wall separated from the outdoors by glass and an air space. it consists a solar absorber ( such as a dark surface ) and two vents for air in the house to circulate through the space and carry the solar heat to warm the house up. in a way, a trombe wall is like a machine that uses air as a convey belt of thermal energy harvested from the sun. trombe walls are very simple and easy to make and are sometimes used in passive solar green buildings. hiding sophisticated power of computational fluid dynamics behind a simple graphical user interface, our energy2d software can easily simulate how a trombe wall works. the two images in this blog post show screenshots of a trombe wall simulation and its closeup version. you can play the simulation on this page and download the models there. if you open the models using energy2d, you should be able to see how easy it is to tweak the models and create realistic heat flow simulations. solar chimneys operate based on similar principles. energy2d should be able to simulate solar chimneys as well. perhaps this would be a good challenge to you. ( i will post a solar chimney simulation later if i figure out how to do it. )


for the past several years, it ’ s not been an uncommon sight in anytown, usa, to drive down the street and see home after home for sale after going through foreclosure. they are the still - lingering hangover from the housing crash that began in 2007. though the true cause of what burst america ’ s housing bubble is still debated, two of the culprits — housing finance giants fannie mae and freddie mac — are still going strong even though both essentially failed in 2008 and are under government control. economists and politicians alike are now pondering whether we need fannie mae and freddie mac at all and what would happen if they were eliminated altogether. for several years prior to 2007, home prices went through the roof, but then they crashed through the basement. since then, more than 2. 3 million homeowners have faced foreclosure — an 81 percent increase over 2007. this all, of course, contributed to the great recession we ’ re still rebuilding from today. “ easy credit ” is pointed to as the corrosive acid that ate away at the housing market ’ s foundation, and federal government - sponsored mortgage finance giants — the federal national mortgage association ( fannie mae ) and the federal home loan mortgage corporation ( freddie mac ) — were there to supply it and help other lenders to do so. consistent with policies dating back to the carter and clinton administrations, fannie mae and freddie mac made it easier for low and moderate income americans to obtain mortgages and purchase homes. in a new paper from the heritage foundation, a housing market without fannie mae and freddie mac : effect on home prices, nahid anaraki reports that this “ fueled an excessive expansion of credit in the housing sector, shifted the demand for real estate to the right, and caused home prices to overshoot their underlying market equilibriums. ” in other words, fannie mae and freddie mac ’ s intervention in the housing market helped to fuel the boom - to - bust housing bubble by subsidizing interest rates and enabling reduced down payment requirements on single - family homes, thus unnaturally boosting demand and causing prices to go up. the trouble with all this, heritage reports, is that though fannie mae and freddie mac have made it easier for a family to buy a home, in the long run their actions have a detrimental effect on the economy, as america has witnessed. so what would happen if fannie mae and freddie mac were phased out? would the absence of their ability to offer lower interest loans


to buy a home, in the long run their actions have a detrimental effect on the economy, as america has witnessed. so what would happen if fannie mae and freddie mac were phased out? would the absence of their ability to offer lower interest loans and smaller down payments impact the cost of homes in america? anaraki ’ s analysis shows that it would not. in fact, interest rates and changes in down payment requirements have little influence on housing prices. instead, fundamentals – such as household assets, personal income, the s & p index, and the effective tax rate – play substantial roles in shaping home prices. as such, she advises, it ’ s time for washington to get out of the business altogether : the federal government should avoid offering any subsidy in the form of lower interest rates or lower down payments because it adversely affects both the housing market and the economy over the long term. although such a policy may boost the demand side in the short term, it risks inflating another housing bubble in the medium or long term. eliminating fannie mae and freddie mac, in fact, will help more americans afford homeownership. since these institutions increase demand — thereby increasing home prices — it becomes increasingly difficult for lower - income americans to afford to purchase homes without subsidized interest rates. if fannie mae and freddie mac are eliminated, interest rates may slightly go up initially, but anaraki finds that “ higher interest rates will lead to lower median home prices, which in turn will increase the ability of low - income groups to purchase a house. ” what ’ s more, competition among housing lenders would increase, leading to lower interest rates in the medium to long term. owning your own home is the american dream, but suffering a foreclosure and winding up on the streets is the american nightmare. in pursuit of encouraging the former, the federal government helped produce the latter. government intervention by way of fannie mae and freddie mac may have given more americans the keys to their own homes, but they bought homes they could not afford and in a marketplace that could not be sustained. as heritage showed in an earlier paper, fannie mae and freddie mac can be phased out without disrupting the housing recovery. a better way forward is to phase out fannie mae and freddie mac and let the home market find a healthy and sustainable equilibrium. - one in seven americans — 45 million people — received food stamps in 2011, according to the congressional budget office. that ’ s a 70 % increase from 2007 that is only


as oil reaches a new record of $ 143 per barrel today, i think it ’ s safe to say that energy – and possible alternatives to fossil fuels – are topics on everyone ’ s mind. before the development of fossil - fuel based energy technology, wind - power wasn ’ t an alternate form of energy – it was just the way things were done. julian lamborn, master docent for the wiess energy hall, has been kind enough to share the history of wind technology as well as share his case for developing wind energy today, in this two - part post. shakespeare had it right when he penned : “ blow, blow thou winter wind, thou art not so unkind. ” the winds of the world today bring with them the promise of low cost, renewable and sustainable electricity which will help feed the world ’ s insatiable demand for energy. one perk of using wind energy is it has a low atmospheric pollution potential. in 2007, the globally installed capacity of electricity generation from wind increased by some 26. 6 % over 2006. | photo credit : joshmcconnell | the global capacity of wind - generated electricity is currently equivalent to some 1. 3 % of the world ’ s electricity needs with germany producing the most wind power. in fact, germany has 22, 247 megawatts of installed wind generating capacity which meets between 5 % and 7 % of the country ’ s electricity needs. here in the usa ( which, at 16, 818 mw, is second only to germany in installed, wind - generating capacity ) about 1 % of our electricity needs are met by wind generation and in texas particularly, this number rises to 3 %. texas is also the state that uses the most wind energy. | photo credit :. martin. | it ’ s all very well talking about a megawatt of wind generated power, but what can it actually do for you in your home? in very round numbers, one megawatt of wind generating capacity typically will satisfy the electricity needs of 350 households in an industrial society, or roughly 1, 000 people per year. although wind generators are placed in windy areas and designed to run optimally at wind speeds between 25 and 35 mph, wind does not blow all the time. in the usa wind generators work at about 30. 5 % of their capacity. but, of course, this is the modern story. | photo credit : wouter de bruijn the first windmills were developed to automate the tasks of grain - grinding and water - pumping. the earliest - known


% of their capacity. but, of course, this is the modern story. | photo credit : wouter de bruijn the first windmills were developed to automate the tasks of grain - grinding and water - pumping. the earliest - known design is the vertical axis system developed in persia about 500 - 900 c. e. ( although there is some suggestion that king hammurabi of babylon in c 1760 b. c. e used wind driven scoops to move water for irrigation ). the first known documented design of a persian windmill is one with vertical sails made of bundles of reeds or wood which were attached to the central vertical shaft by horizontal struts. windmills as we know them today from paintings by the dutch masters first appeared in the late middle ages, although it took another 500 or so years for the highly efficient mills of the dutch to be fully developed. however, by the late 19th century, all the technology was in place to allow the design of the first power - generating wind - mill. this first use of a large windmill to generate electricity was a system built in cleveland, ohio, in 1888, by charles f. brush. compared to today ’ s behemoths producing up to 3. 6 mw or more, bush ’ s machine was a lightweight producing just 12 kw! the modern wind powered generating devices, such as those near abilene, typically each produce 1. 5 to 2 mw of power at around the same 4. 5 cent cost per kilowatt - hour as electricity from coal but without the co - production of greenhouse gases.


when the father of welsh poet dylan thomas was dying, it inspired thomas to write one of his most famous works, “ do not go gentle into that good night. ” the poem encourages thomas ’ s father, and its readers, to fight for their lives when they approach death. the constant refrain in the poem is “ rage, rage against the dying of the light, ” meaning that one should defy death as much as possible. similarly, in the opening stanza, thomas states, “ old age should burn and rave at close of day ” ( 2 ), continuing his theme of staying strong, as well as the metaphor of nighttime as death. thomas isn ’ t necessarily negative in his attitude toward death. he writes, “ … wise men at their end know dark is right ” ( 4 ). by this he means that smart people realize that death is the next logical step, and they acknowledge that it must happen. the rest of the poem offers examples of people who come to realize their misconceptions about life, and how this makes them reluctant to die. one of these instances is, “ grave men, near death, who see with blinding sight / blind eyes could blaze like meteors and be gay, / rage, rage against the dying of the light ” ( 13 - 15 ). “ grave, ” or sad, men, that are dying are finally able to see with astounding clarity ( “ blinding sight ” ) how even people in unfortunate situations are capable of being happy. even people with “ blind eyes ” can “ be gay. ” in these stanzas thomas conveys the notion that our regrets in life tend to make us feel that we are not ready for death. the last stanza of the poem is a direct plea from thomas to his father : “ and you, my father, there on the sad height, / curse, bless, me now with your fierce tears … ” ( 16 - 17 ). thomas refers to his father ’ s near - death state as “ the sad height ” ; it is an achievement to have made it through to the end of our lives, but it is obviously bittersweet. dylan thomas ’ s appeals to his father to “ curse ” and “ bless ” him with his “ fierce tears, ” mean that although thomas will be saddened by his father ’ s death, he wants his father to make him appreciate life. the tears have to be “ fierce ” in order to display how passionate his father was about life. the poet then entreats his father to follow the


nasa ’ s solar dynamics observatory has had virtually unbroken coverage of the sun ’ s rise toward solar maximum, the peak of solar activity in its regular 11 - year cycle. this video shows those three years of the sun at a pace of two images per day. these noteworthy events appear at the following times in the video : 00 : 30 ; 24 partial eclipse by the moon 00 : 31 ; 16 roll maneuver 01 : 11 ; 02 august 9, 2011 x6. 9 flare, currently the largest of this solar cycle video description : the sun unleashed a medium - sized solar flare that is visually spectacular. the large cloud of particles mushroomed up and fell back down looking as if it covered an area of almost half the solar surface. two nasa spacecrafts observed this event from three different view - points. image description : at the end of august, a filament from the sun suddenly erupted into space. the filament had been held up for days by the sun ’ s ever changing magnetic field and the timing of the eruption was unexpected. learn more about the eruption. image from the solar dynamics observatory at nasa ’ s goddard space flight center image description : should you put sunscreen on infants? not usually. the best approach is to keep infants under 6 months out of the sun, especially between 10 : 00 am and 2 : 00 pm. but when you are outside together, here are some of the most important ways to protect your infant from the harmful rays of the sun : an umbrella and brimmed hat for shade, a cooler for liquids, a bottle for hydration, and clothing for covering the skin. image description : these images show a solar flare as observed on january 23. you can see the sun ’ s surface brighten as gas was superheated and magnetically supercharged. in the far right image, there is a stream of solar material flowing into space, likely solar protons and a coronal mass ejection. solar flares and coronal mass ejections are not a danger to humans on earth. the planet ’ s magnetic field and atmosphere deflect and absorb the energy. sun storms can pose some risks to astronauts, and upset science, military, and communications satellites.


in july 2006, andy carvin, host of the pbs blog learning. now, examined the attitude of teachers toward using wikipedia in the classroom. he asked : “ are educators hostile to wikipedia? ”. the answers ranged from one high school teacher who told andy “ most colleagues had never seen wikipedia, never intended to go there, and some had already warned their students that they were not to use wikipedia for class projects ” to another teacher who objected “ i use wikipedia all the time as a quick way to get a first pass on a subject i ’ m not familiar with, and i don ’ t see any reason why students shouldn ’ t be taught to use it the same way. ” most of the participants were arguing about whether their students should use wikipedia as a source of information, not whether the students should contribute to it. carvin had already pointed out in 2005 that asking students to actively contribute to wikipedia might be a model worth exploring. now, he stated : “ it may be just a matter of time before we see highly organized educational activities, with teams of students from around the world working together to improve the quality of content on wikipedia. ” - the past year the past year has shown that those educational activities that andy carvin was envisioning in 2005 can be an effective means of improving wikipedia ’ s quality. building on the experiences of teachers like jon beasley - murray ( was introducing wikipedia to the classroom an act of madness leading only to mayhem if not murder? ) and others, the wikimedia foundation started an experimental pilot project ( the public policy initiative ) to explore the challenges and opportunities of student - based wikipedia - editing on a larger scale. more than 800 students from 22 u. s. universities contributed about 5, 600 pages of high quality content to the english wikipedia. articles written by those students improved by an average of 140 percent. moreover, our pilot project sparked a high level of interest from media and teachers around the world. over the initial 12 months of the pilot project, we have built a strong knowledge base about running a class - based program as well as the tools needed to implement it ( training handbooks, brochures on how to start editing, how - to videos, sample syllabi, etc. ) we have also recruited and trained wikipedia ambassadors, whose role is to teach students about the basics of wikipedia and to support them with their first edits. we are now at a point to make these investments pay off. - the global education program and the year ahead beginning in 2011, we will


, whose role is to teach students about the basics of wikipedia and to support them with their first edits. we are now at a point to make these investments pay off. - the global education program and the year ahead beginning in 2011, we will expand wikipedia editing in university classrooms to institutions around the world. that ’ s what we call the “ global education program ”. it will support the wikimedia foundation ’ s strategic goal to grow, strengthen, and increase the wikipedia editor community. it will also improve wikipedia ’ s quality and increase wikipedia ’ s credibility within academia. our priorities for expansion in year one will be india and brazil, and we will also start activities in a couple of other countries. whereas the public policy initiative had a narrow topical focus, the new global education program will encourage teachers from all disciplines to engage their students in wikipedia editing. what are the big challenges we are going to tackle in year one? - scalability. based on the current growth, we are planning to have more than 10, 000 students enrolled in our program by 2013. that means that we will need a much larger number of wikipedia campus and online ambassadors to support teachers and students. therefore, we are planning to move the ambassador training online and explore new models of letting volunteers take ownership of the program. - standards and guidelines. for a global volunteer - driven program like ours, it will be important that all participants have a shared understanding of what the goals are and how we are planning to achieve these goals. that ’ s where standards and guidelines come into play. the education systems and the culture of education varies from country to country, and we aim at being as flexible as possible in the implementation of our model. at the same time, we need to make sure that the quality of our support for teachers and students meets the same standards globally. - communication. at the wikipedia in higher education summit last month, we have seen how powerful it can be when participants of our program share their experiences and learnings with each other. our goal for the next year will be to give volunteers a stronger voice in storytelling and also to develop tools that enable participants to share their materials and best practices more effectively. for me, the year ahead is the next step toward the vision that andy carvin outlined in 2005. wikipedia belongs in higher education. and it ’ s not a matter of time anymore that students from around the world will work together to improve the quality of content on wikipedia. the future of wikipedia in education is now. global education program director


over 4 billion years ago the young and barren earth was being buffeted by meteor strikes, and that violent bombardment could have created the first amino acids that then gave rise to the origin of life on the planet, a new study suggests. the hellish temperatures and pressures generated when an extraterrestrial object strikes earth at speeds of several kilometers per second are enough to shatter and vaporize rock …. yet part of such an immense burst of energy can trigger chemical reactions that generate complex organic substances from basic inorganic ingredients, says takeshi kakegawa [ science news ]. previously, researchers have suggested that organic molecules may have been created elsewhere in the universe and were brought to earth by meteors. but the new study, in which researchers simulated the impact of meteorites in the primordial ocean, argues that the organic molecules could have been synthesized from the inorganic molecules already present on the planet when the meteorites crashed into the ocean. other researchers have suggested similar processes for the creation of organic molecules on earth, including lightning strikes or chemical reactions surrounding hot, volcanic vents in the deep sea. in the study, published in nature geoscience [ subscription required ], the researchers fired meteorite - like balls of iron and carbon into a mixture of water and ammonia, meant to resemble the oceans billions of years ago. in the experiment, the researchers found that the iron and carbon were heated by the impact and reacted with hydrogen and nitrogen to form biomolecules, including fatty acids, amines and the amino acid glycine [ cosmos online ]. amines are the building blocks for more complex amino acids, and fatty acids are found in cell membranes. while experts describe the results as plausible, the research hasn ’ t won over everyone. “ it ’ s neat to show that you could harness the energy of impacts to create organic bonds, ” says jennifer blank, an astrobiologist at the seti institute in mountain view, calif. but she fears that theories of life ’ s origin may never move beyond the hypothetical. “ as someone in the general field, one of the frustrations, of course, is that we ’ re never going to know the answer, ” she says. “ but as another mechanism for contributing to the inventory of organic compounds, this is cool ” [ scientific american ]. 80beats : new results from a 1953 experiment offer hints to the origin of life 80beats : the earth ’ s oldest diamonds may show evidence of earliest life discover : life ’ s fifth element came from meteors


hiv becomes a chronic disease chronic disease often calls up bad images for people because it means living with the disease for a long time. but … there was a time when cancer wasn ’ t chronic disease because people got sick and died pretty quickly. the same goes for hiv. when it was first discovered in the early 80s people quickly transitioned to aids and died shortly after diagnosis. now science and medicine have advanced so far, that hiv and aids are both more like chronic diseases. they ’ ve even come close to what could be considered a vaccine – a discovery so important researchers released it before the rest of the study was finished. the cdc celebrated world hiv day this week by releasing a new issue of vital signs. we ’ re also keeping up with the times and changing how we handle hiv & aids. the folks who work in hiv / aids prevention are moving into our bureau of tobacco and chronic disease. this makes so much sense – a lot of the messaging is the same. people need to learn to control the symptoms, reduce the stressors ( like tobacco use or high blood pressure ), exercise, eat well and get regular health screenings. we ’ ll continue with our surveillance efforts in our bureau of epidemiology and disease control. leave a reply you must be logged in to post a comment.


douglass jacobs, an associate professor of forestry and natural resources, found that american chestnuts grow much faster and larger than other hardwood species, allowing them to sequester more carbon than other trees over the same period. and since american chestnut trees are more often used for high - quality hardwood products such as furniture, they hold the carbon longer than wood used for paper or other low - grade materials. " maintaining or increasing forest cover has been identified as an important way to slow climate change, " said jacobs, whose paper was published in the june issue of the journal forest ecology and management. " the american chestnut is an incredibly fast - growing tree. generally the faster a tree grows, the more carbon it is able to sequester. and when these trees are harvested and processed, the carbon can be stored in the hardwood products for decades, maybe longer. " at the beginning of the last century, the chestnut blight, caused by a fungus, rapidly spread throughout the american chestnut ' s natural range, which extended from southern new england and new york southwest to alabama. about 50 years ago, the species was nearly gone. new efforts to hybridize remaining american chestnuts with blight - resistant chinese chestnuts have resulted in a species that is about 94 percent american chestnut with the protection found in the chinese species. jacobs said those new trees could be ready to plant in the next decade, either in existing forests or former agricultural fields that are being returned to forested land. " we ' re really quite close to having a blight - resistant hybrid that can be reintroduced into eastern forests, " jacobs said. " but because american chestnut has been absent from our forests for so long now, we really don ' t know much about the species at all. " … douglass jacobs examines a young hybrid of the american chestnut. he expects the trees could be reintroduced in the next decade. ( purdue university file photo / nicole jacobs )


this is the day that … lyman beecher was born in connecticut, in 1775. he has been described as “ the father of more brains than any other man in america ”, a reference to his 13 children. these included the famous preacher, henry ward beecher, and the author of uncle tom ’ s cabin, harriet beecher stowe. as a matter of fact, “ all his sons were well known as preachers ” ( concise universal biography, page 222 ). but rev. lyman beecher was a giant among giants himself. he was educated at yale in the days when it was barely above a secondary school in its facilities. the students were of dubious character at times. beecher was appalled by the example of his peers, but found his ideal in timothy dwight, the new president of yale. it was dwight who stirred yale into a religious fervor that led to many revivals in the next twenty - five years. lyman graduated in 1797 and spent the next year in yale divinity school under the tutelage of dwight as his mentor. ordained to the presbyterian ministry in 1797, he pastored three large churches ( litchfield, connecticut ; boston ; and cincinatti ), was well known as a revivalist, an educator and a social reformer. he brought revival but also controversy. his preaching on temperance was just one of the themes that offended his parishioners at times. he was one of the founders of the american bible society and president of lane theological seminary in cincinatti. initially he opposed charles finney ’ s new revival techniques and theology, but a few years later he admitted his worth and even invited finney to hold meetings in boston. lyman beecher found himself in ‘ hot water ’ with his presbyterian brethren who had little time for the famous revivalist. after all, finney taught “ man was able to repent in response to god ’ s grace ” ( dictionary of american biography, page 38 ). as a result beecher was actually tried for heresy … but acquitted. he was already one of america ’ s best known preachers by the age of 50, when he moved to boston, seeking better payment for his skills and status. his next move, to cincinatti, was motivated by his concern to sure up protestant preaching where the catholics and unitarians had already made inroads. his years there were controversial. he used his presidency of lane theological seminary to train ministers to win the west for protestantism. an inveterate opponent of roman catholicism and unitarianism


preaching where the catholics and unitarians had already made inroads. his years there were controversial. he used his presidency of lane theological seminary to train ministers to win the west for protestantism. an inveterate opponent of roman catholicism and unitarianism, it is said that one of his fiery sermons apparently helped incite a mob “ that resulted in the burning of a convent ”. during those years he was charged with acts of heresy, slander and hypocrisy by opposing religious factions. he resigned from lane in 1850 and went to live with his son, henry ward beecher, in brooklyn, where he died on 10 january, 1863, after a long and stormy ministry. this post is based on the work of my late friend donald prout whose love for books and christian history led him to collate a daily christian calendar. i continue to work with don ’ s wife, barbara, to share his life work with the world. i have updated some of these historical posts and will hopefully draw from don ’ s huge files of clippings to continue this series beyond don ’ s original work. more of don ’ s work can be found at www. donaldprout. com. i am indebted to don for awakening in me an interest in church history, which i previously considered to be a little stuffy and of little practical value. i find in the process of updating don ’ s christian diary that i am being constantly refreshed, illuminated or challenged by the lives of those who have gone before.


chapter 5 takes place an estimated 9 years after nebuchadnezzar ’ s death and about 36 years after the previous chapter. belshazzar was nebuchadnezzar ’ s grandson who took control of the kingdom as his father was on extended leave fighting the persians. it appears that daniel had retired from his high place in government. he would have been pretty old at this point, though he also could have lost his position when nebuchadnezzar died. the walls of babylon were 87 feet thick and 100 feet high it was fairly common for the kings to dine with such large numbers of people as you can see in esther 1. in this case though, the invading armies are right outside the city walls. this would seem to be incredible arrogance similar to his grandfather, but herodotus tells us that babylon had two walls surrounding the city with a moat in between. the walls were 87 feet thick and 100 feet high, so conquering babylon was not something that happened easily. at the end of the chapter we find out that this would be the night it was captured. herodotus corroborates the bible and mentions a festival was going on the night the city was conquered. regardless of the city ’ s security, it was a bad decision to get drunk in front of your lords with an invading army outside. even worse to taunt a god by desecrating sacred items collected from a temple. maybe he was doing this to instill a sense of pride to his lords reminding them of past victories, though daniel seems be very specific about his lack of sobriety. the handwriting on the wall has always stood out to me as a bizarre miracle by god ( bizarre by miracle standards that is ). this seems like something you would see in a horror movie. the best interpretation i found of the aramaic writing said it literally translated to “ numbered, numbered, weighed, divided. ” belshazzar was not given a message of repentance but rather a proclamation of impending judgement. it is evident to us that although the king is just informed of his doom, god had been moving the medes and persians in place to execute his plan for some time. extra - biblical writings tell us that the persians blocked the flow of the euphrates and walked on the riverbed to an unguarded portion of the wall where they climbed up without opposition. since so many were gathered at the festival, the babylonians were defeated with relative ease. numbered, numbered, weighed, divided darius the mede is not


warsaw museum to celebrate jewish life in poland warsaw, poland ( ap ) — the box - like glass building rises from soil marked by tragedy in the heart of warsaw ' s former jewish district. at certain angles, its luminous facade reflects the outlines of a dark memorial to those who fought and died in the 1943 warsaw ghetto uprising against the nazis. yet despite reminders of jewish suffering all around, the modern building will soon open as a key remembrance site of a mostly upbeat jewish story, becoming home to the museum of the history of polish jews, a major new museum dedicated to the 1, 000 years of jewish existence in polish lands. " it is a museum of life, " said sigmund rolat, a polish - born holocaust survivor and american benefactor who has helped bring the museum to life. " we are showing 1, 000 years of a magnificent history. " construction of the building is nearly finished and the museum is scheduled to open in 2013 after nearly 20 years of planning. it will be a celebratory moment for those who have struggled to build a home for this story, among them polish - born holocaust survivors with a deep affection for their land of birth : men like rolat, 82, and tad taube, 81, a krakow - born entrepreneur who leads two california - based philanthropies that have given $ 16 million to the project. the museum fulfills a dream of jews from around the world to preserve the rich legacy of their ancestors by creating what will be the first - ever museum of polish jewish history. meanwhile, the polish government, a major partner, also seeks to celebrate both the country ' s jewish past and its own past eras of cultural tolerance and diversity. in doing so, the young democracy hopes to burnish its western credentials and shed a reputation for anti - semitism that has hung over it in recent decades. jewish history was largely ignored in the communist era, and the fact that the museum has risen with the help of the polish government makes it a monument to a new consciousness and wealth. " no doubt it is thanks to democracy in poland that this museum could be created, " said warsaw mayor hanna gronkiewicz - waltz. the project has faced a number of delays, some caused by the global financial crisis that for a time discouraged donations needed to complete the more than $ 100 million project. a public - private initiative that relies heavily on private funding, the museum has also struggled at times to persuade jews abroad to help a project " in a country which they feel has not been particularly friendly to


to complete the more than $ 100 million project. a public - private initiative that relies heavily on private funding, the museum has also struggled at times to persuade jews abroad to help a project " in a country which they feel has not been particularly friendly to jews, " taube said. " this was not a slam dunk, " taube said. " but it got easier as the project rose from the ground. doubts began to be erased. " museum officials say it will open in stages, with educational and cultural programs starting in april to mark the 70th anniversary of the doomed warsaw ghetto uprising. then in december the heart of the museum is scheduled to open : a core exhibition of eight interactive multimedia galleries organized chronologically. using diaries, memoirs, film footage and other original sources, the story will unfold in the voices of those living in the historical moment. with its opening, the museum is expected to join the ranks of world - class jewish history museums like yad vashem in jerusalem and the united states holocaust memorial museum in washington. what will set it apart will be its focus not on tragedy, but on creation, achievement and life. in keeping with that theme, the warsaw museum will devote just one of the eight galleries to the holocaust. visitors, in fact, will not be able to access the holocaust gallery without passing first through at least one other gallery, a reminder of the life that came long before and which still exists today in poland ' s small but growing jewish community. the museum will show that the holocaust — carried out by adolf hitler ' s germany — was never the inevitable result of relations between poland ' s jews and christians, despite periods of conflict. still, museum creators say they will not shy away from showing ugly episodes of polish anti - semitism that led to economic boycotts, persecution and even massacres in the 19th and 20th centuries. the complex message can be expected to challenge stereotypes held by some poles and some jews. poles, many of whom view their nation exclusively as a land of heroism that resisted the nazi occupation, have reacted with defensive outrage in past years when acts of anti - semitic violence during and after the war came to light. it ' s easy to imagine new controversies erupting when the museum opens and the polish public is again confronted with oppression of jews. meanwhile, many jews across the world carry an image of poland that ignores some nuances. some view poland exclusively as a land of suffering for their people, and remembrance trips to poland tend to consist mostly of visits to auschwitz, treblink


jews. meanwhile, many jews across the world carry an image of poland that ignores some nuances. some view poland exclusively as a land of suffering for their people, and remembrance trips to poland tend to consist mostly of visits to auschwitz, treblinka, the warsaw ghetto memorial and other memorials to tragedy. in many cases their forefathers left poland in the worst possible moments, with memories of suffering lingering in families. they will be asked to see that poland, over 1, 000 years of history, was for long eras a land that welcomed jews and where they thrived. " you don ' t live in a place for a thousand years and create a great civilization if it ' s one unmitigated disaster, which of course is one of the perceptions of the history of polish jews, " said barbara kirshenblatt - gimblett, the program director of the core exhibition. " it ' s a perception that was largely created by the cataclysmic events of the holocaust. but we don ' t start with the holocaust, and we don ' t end with the holocaust. " there is much to commemorate. the uninterrupted existence of jews in poland over a millennium brought great achievements to hebrew and yiddish culture, to science and the arts. polish jews also contributed in significant ways to the larger polish culture, with poets like julian tuwim still loved today, studied in schools and remembered in streets names across poland. on the eve of world war ii, the country was home to europe ' s largest jewish community, with 3. 3 million people, or 10 percent of the entire polish population. most were killed in the holocaust. " this museum honors those who died by remembering how they lived — and how they lived for a thousand years, " kirshenblatt - gimblett said. the flourishing of jewish culture and learning had an influence that reached far beyond poland, and the museum will celebrate this legacy too. israel ' s early leaders included polish - born jews like david ben - gurion and menachem begin. poland was also the homeland of many who contributed to american and global culture : albert sabin, who developed a vaccine for polio ; isaac bashevis singer, the nobel - winning writer whose books powerfully evoke the lost yiddish world of his youth ; hollywood pioneers harry warner and samuel goldwyn ; pianist arthur rubinstein and entrepreneurs like max factor and helena rubinstein. the museum ' s central story of long life interrupted by tragedy is also carried in the striking


##oke the lost yiddish world of his youth ; hollywood pioneers harry warner and samuel goldwyn ; pianist arthur rubinstein and entrepreneurs like max factor and helena rubinstein. the museum ' s central story of long life interrupted by tragedy is also carried in the striking architecture of the building, designed by finnish architect rainer mahlamaki. on the outside, it is a square box of glass panels and perforated copper that emits a sea - green hue across a vast park - like square. its lines are simple, sharp. on the inside, visitors enter a soaring hall with undulating sand - colored walls rising in curves. the chasm shape stands as a metaphor for both the parting of the red sea — a reference to the jewish biblical past — and the rupture in history created by the holocaust. to reach the core exhibition, visitors descend a staircase and enter an installation of sounds, light and graphics that evoke a poetic forest, a reference to the primeval forests of poland that the first traveling jewish merchants would have encountered 1, 000 years ago. they will hear the word " po - lin, " which is the hebrew word for " poland " and also means " rest here, " a reminder of how poland became a land where jews did indeed find rest after persecutions and expulsions from spain and the german lands. visitors then leave the space of legend to enter a history that began in the 11th century, passing through periods that held both good and bad.


pruning apple trees can be confusing, but not with the complete garden plant advice pruning guide encyclopaedia cd - rom. each garden plant on the interactive cd - rom is accompanied illustrated pruning advice and written explanation to help you. there are over 20 pruning ilustrations for pruning apple trees alone. the cd is the what, when and how to prune resource. the interactive plant database cd - rom is not only a pruning advice resource. the cd - rom also helps you plan an attractive garden with seasonal colour by suggesting the right plants for your garden conditions. interactive means that you can select to see plants and advice to answer your questions quickly and easily. for example you might be looking for plants to line your path that won ’ t grow too tall. simply select a height, the month you want it to be in leaf or flower, a colour, and if the areas is in shade, partial shade or full sun. click search and the plants to suit your requirements are displayed within seconds. to be creative you can then find other plants to match your colour scheme and to ensure seasonal change and interest. each plant is accompanied with photographs to help with identification plus in - depth planting tips, pests and diseases, and garden styles to inspire your creative ideas.


september 11, 2001 attacks the terrorist attacks of september 11, 2001 occurred when al qaeda, islamic extremists hijacked four transcontinental airliners and used them to strike targets in the united states ; two aircraft destroyed the twin towers of the world trade center in new york city ; the third crashed into a portion of the pentagon in washington, d. c. ; and the fourth aircraft - in which the hijackers are believed to have targeted the white house or the capitol building - crashed into an empty field near shanksville, pennsylvania after passengers fought back to re - take control. the sheer audacity of the attack and the heavy loss of life that resulted from it caused the u. s. government to declare a war on terror with the determination to hunt down terrorists world - wide ; within two months of september 11, afghanistan was completely occupied by coalition forces, driving the ruling islamo - fascist taliban from power and causing the head of al qaeda and the man who personally approved the attacks - osama bin laden - to flee into hiding. all 19 hijackers boarded the planes on the morning of september 11, having carefully chosen flights whose routes would be transcontinental. two planes flew out of boston ' s logan airport, one flew from washington ' s dulles international airport, and the fourth left an airport in newark, new jersey. new york city american airlines flight 11 left logan airport around 8 am, carrying 11 crew and 81 passengers ; its destination was los angeles, california. united airlines flight 175 left logan a few minutes later, carrying 9 crew and 56 passengers, and also on a flight to los angeles. both aircraft were the 767 - 200, manufactured by the boeing company. at 8 : 25 am boston air traffic controllers heard a strange voice from flight 11 : " we have some planes. just stay quiet, and you will be ok. we are returning to the airport. " the plane then headed south toward new york city ; at 8 : 46 am the plane crashed into the north tower of the world trade center between the 93 and 99th floors. sixteen minutes later, at 9 : 03 am, flight 175 crashed into the south tower - at a greater speed and more oblique angle - between the 77th and 85th floors. the impact of the crashes took out any hope of getting to victims and survivors on the affected floors and the floors above ; many people desperate to get away from the smoke and fire jumped. both towers were designed to survive the impact of a 1960s - era jet,


of the crashes took out any hope of getting to victims and survivors on the affected floors and the floors above ; many people desperate to get away from the smoke and fire jumped. both towers were designed to survive the impact of a 1960s - era jet, but the boeing 767 was larger and carried more fuel ; it was determined later that the heat from the burning fuel weakened the central steel structure and supports. at 9 : 59 am the south tower collasped ; the upper floors had lost support in the damaged area and fell - pancake style - to the ground. at 10 : 29 am the north tower fell in a similar manner. the death toll was around 2, 750, including more than 300 firefighters and 100 police officers and other rescue workers. the building at 7 world trade center, commonly abbreviated as wtc7, also collapsed in the attacks. this collapse is frequently cited in various conspiracy theories. american airlines flight 77, a boeing 757 - 200, left dulles at 8 : 20 am, carrying 6 crew and 58 passengers on a flight to los angeles. forty minutes later the aircraft had turned back toward washington ; at 9 : 37 it crashed at high - speed into the west side of the pentagon, killing a total of 184 people. despite being built of reinforced concrete, the aircraft was able to penetrate to the third concentric ring of the building. united airlines flight 93, a boeing 757 - 200, left newark at 8 : 40 am, with a destination of san francisco. unlike the other planes which had four hijackers each, flight 93 had three ; it also had passengers who, through onboard phone calls, learned of the previous hijackings and crashes and determined to wrest control of the aircraft back from the terrorists. turned towards washington, the plane ended up crashing in a field near shanksville, pennsylvania at 10 : 03 am, the only one of the aircraft which failed to reach its target. among the recorded conversations between the passengers and phone operators was the phrase " let ' s roll " by todd beamer, made just before he set down his phone and took action with the other passengers involved ; beamer ' s last phrase would become a rallying cry in the coming war on terrorism. the total loss of life is constantly being reevaluated to account for wrongly reported missing persons and, in some cases, occurrences of fraud. estimates of more than 6, 000 deaths were announced following the attacks. the current estimate is 2, 996 fatalities as a direct result of the attacks. about 500


to account for wrongly reported missing persons and, in some cases, occurrences of fraud. estimates of more than 6, 000 deaths were announced following the attacks. the current estimate is 2, 996 fatalities as a direct result of the attacks. about 500 foreign nationals from over 90 countries are believed to have died in the attack. the department of defense reported the deaths of 125 people at the pentagon. the aftermath of the world trade center towers collapsing created a good deal of confusion and has been the main source of discrepancies in casualty estimates. as of october 29, 2003, new york city reported 2605 deaths in the attacks, not counting the passengers and crew of the planes. as a matter of course, the deaths of the 19 hijackers are not included in these casualty totals. the material costs of the attacks are well in excess of one hundred billion us dollars. factoring in stock market losses, loss of revenue in new york city, loss of jobs, impact on air travel, and heightened security, some estimate the cost approaches two trillion dollars. some estimates of the cost of executing the plan place it in the $ 400, 000 - $ 500, 000 range, making it an extremely " profitable " operation for al - qaeda. suspicion fell on osama bin laden and his islamic extremist al - qaeda organization almost immediately. known to have harbored hatred for the united states since the basing of u. s. fighters and other military personnel in saudi arabia during the first gulf war, bin laden has tried " to kill americans and their allies — civilians and military — is an individual duty for every muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it, ", and often succeeding. in four previous attacks, bin laden ' s operatives - killed 6 in a bomb explosion in the first attack on the world trade center in 1993 ; - killed 19 soldiers in 1996 at a military housing complex in saudi arabia ; - killed more than 200 people in the simultaneous bombings of u. s. embassies in kenya and tanzania ; - killed 17 sailors by putting an explosives - laden boat next to uss cole while that destroyer was refueling in yemen in 2000. his personal fortune, estimated in the hundreds of millions of dollars, has enabled him to finance well - coordinated operations, including the training of the hijackers in close - quarter fighting, commandeering of aircraft, and ironically to bankroll their education in american flight schools. following the attacks there was a strong surge of patriotism in virtually all facets of american


, including the training of the hijackers in close - quarter fighting, commandeering of aircraft, and ironically to bankroll their education in american flight schools. following the attacks there was a strong surge of patriotism in virtually all facets of american society. the government, being aware that the most deadly attack ever on american soil could stir up animosity against the ethnic or religious group of the perpetrators, went out of its way along with the media to separate islam from the actions taken by its more radical adherents, referring to it at multiple times as a " religion of love ". while people of middle eastern decent and adherents of islam were concerned at first, the overall effect of hostility towards these groups was barely noticeable. although there were literally millions of muslims in america out of a total population of 300 million who could have sought out reprisals, in an entire year less than 500 cases of aggression of verbal hostility were reported. muslims responded to the magnanimous treatment they received from americans by seeking to construct an insulting and offensive ground zero mosque. consequences of the attacks on u. s. policy the attacks were a direct or indirect cause of massive changes in united states domestic policy. most notably, the homeland security act of 2002 " established a department of homeland security, as an executive department of the united states ", a cabinet level position. one of the tools implemented by the department is the homeland security advisory system, a color coded advisory system meant to " establish a comprehensive and effective means to disseminate information regarding the risk of terrorist acts to federal, state, and local authorities and to the american people. " another notable result of the attacks was the usa patriot act of 2001 ( uniting and strengthening america by providing appropriate tools required to intercept and obstruct terrorism ). the act was written to expand the authority of law enforcement and the justice system in the pursuit of terrorism suspects. in response to the attacks, the united states declared a war on terror, which comprises united states military action in afghanistan and iraq as well as a significant increase in intelligence gathering and a new outlook on foreign relations. main article : 9 / 11 conspiracy theories many conspiracy theories have sprouted up from the events of september 11, 2001, including the " loose change " movies seen on youtube. these movies have been comprehensively disproven by independent experts. prominent endorsers of such theories include talk show host rosie o ' donnell as well as actor charlie sheen. a third of the american public has bought into the idea of some sort of role by federal officials


##ly disproven by independent experts. prominent endorsers of such theories include talk show host rosie o ' donnell as well as actor charlie sheen. a third of the american public has bought into the idea of some sort of role by federal officials. this view is much more common among those who get their news solely from the internet and is rare for those who read newspapers or watch the news on regular television. [ citation needed ] - the 9 / 11 commission report - final report on the collapse of the world trade center towers, nist. - september 11 : chronology of terror at cnn. com - federal bureau of investigations penttbom press release - lists of victims at cnn. com - two flags, one god, and no escape - the cross and the towers ( documentary film ) - turkey ' s islamic leader, israel ' s chief rabbi, and al qaida ' s assassination attempt - the internet archive ' s file of abc, cbs, nbc, cnn, fox, and bbc broadcasts for sept 11 - 13, 2001 - television archive of news broadcasts for 9 / 11 - ↑ " new york reduces 9 / 11 death toll by 40 " at cnn. com, phil hirschkorn, 10 / 29 / 03 - ↑ " new york reduces 9 / 11 death toll by 40 " at cnn. com, phil hirschkorn, 10 / 29 / 03 - ↑ the cost of september 11 institute for the analysis of global security - ↑ the 9 / 11 commission report - ↑ - ↑ h. r. 5005 the homeland security act - ↑ dhs laws and regulations department of homeland security - ↑ the usa patriot act library of congress - ↑ lying about 9 / 11? easy as abc, eric alterman, the nation, september 14, 2006 ( october 2, 2006 issue ). - ↑ " debunking the 9 / 11 myths " popular mechanics, mar. 2005 cover story - ↑ third of americans suspect 9 - 11 government conspiracy scrippsnews, hargrove, thomas, 8 / 01 / 06


though the ultimate reason for the air france a330 crash in the south atlantic will likely never be known for sure, the european aviation safety agency ( easa ) has recently issued an urgent airworthiness directive to replace certain thales - manufactured pitot tubes on a330 / a340 airplanes. a pitot tube problem is one of the possible explanations for that air france crash. for those who don ’ t know, a pitot tube is a goofy little thing that sticks out from the aircraft into the air. you can see a great example of one at left. these little guys use pressure measurement to determine airspeed. one of the theories regarding the air france accident is that the pitot tube incorrectly measured airspeed and that triggered all kinds of problems that ultimately led to the accident. now, easa is saying that any a330 / a340 aircraft with the thales pitot tubes need to be changed ( and the faa has followed as well ). there are apparently two different types of thales pitot tubes. the “ aa ” version must be replaced no matter what. the “ ba ” version is ok in one place, but the other two places must have goodrich ones involved. so what exactly is the problem? according to easa : occurrences have been reported on the a330 / a340 family aeroplanes of airspeed indication discrepancies while flying at high altitudes in inclement weather conditions. the thales aa pitots have “ a greater susceptibility to adverse environmental conditions ” than the goodrich ones. the thales ba pitots are better, but “ it has not yet demonstrated the same level of robustness to withstand high - altitude ice crystals as the goodrich... probe. ” while they say that they haven ’ t actually found any safety issue and that this is a precautionary measure, the fact that these all need to be replaced within 4 months certainly makes it seem somewhat rushed. by the way, air france had thales pitot tubes, but they ’ ve already made these changes. delta has also already made the changes to their a330s. both us airways and lufthansa have always had goodrich.


presidential timeline of the twentieth century | collection homecompact list of all itemssearch this collection ' s 32 items | | title : | | presidential timeline of the twentieth century | " the presidential timeline was designed and developed by the learning technology center in the university of texas at austin college of education, in conjunction with the presidential libraries and terra incognita productions. the presidential timeline project was made possible through a grant from the national endowment for the humanities with additional support from the lyndon baines johnson foundation and the university of texas libraries. " - - about the project page. an interactive timeline of presidential history, presenting materials drawn from the presidential libraries. the presidential timeline provides a single point of access to an ever - growing selection of digitized assets from the collections of the twelve presidential libraries of the national archives. these assets include document, photographs, audio recordings and video relating to the events of the president ' lives. civil rights materials cover the integration of central high school in little rock and president johnson ' s activities related to civil rights. the civil rights digital library received support from a national leadership grant for libraries awarded to the university of georgia by the institute of museum and library services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata. | types : | | instructional materials | timelines ( chronologies ) | photographs | government records | | subjects : | | hoover, herbert, 1874 - 1964 | roosevelt, franklin d. ( franklin delano ), 1882 - 1945 | truman, harry s., 1884 - 1972 | eisenhower, dwight d. ( dwight david ), 1890 - 1969 | kennedy, john f. ( john fitzgerald ), 1917 - 1963 | johnson, lyndon b. ( lyndon baines ), 1908 - 1973 | nixon, richard m. ( richard milhous ), 1913 - 1994 | ford, gerald r., 1913 - 2006 | carter, jimmy, 1924 - | reagan, ronald | bush, george, 1924 - | clinton, bill, 1946 - | presidents - - united states | presidents - - united states - - archives | presidential libraries - - united states | civil rights movements - - united states | african americans - - civil rights | school integration - - arkansas - - little rock | segregation in education - - united states | united states | little rock ( ark. ) | pulaski county ( ark. ) | | institution : | | lyndon baines johnson library | | contributors : | | lyndon baines johnson library | terra incognita productions | university of texas libraries | national endowment for the humanities


many portsmouth men served in the parachute regiment during the second world war. the parachute regiment was formed during the second world war, after the germans had used airborne forces to great effect in the invasion of holland and belgium in 1940. although initially britian ’ s airborne forces operated as small raiding parties, by the time it came to invade europe in june 1944 the airborne forces had expanded into 2 full divisions, each of over 10, 000 men. each contained 2 brigades of parachute troops, and there was also an independent parachute battalion in the mediterranean. the parachute regiment had expanded enormously to more than 10 battalions. during the war men could only volunteer for the para ’ s from another unit, not directly from civilian life. they underwent strenuous physical training, and in addition had to complete a number of parachute jumps to obtain their parachute wings and additional pay. naturally, they soon earned a reputation as among britain ’ s toughest troops. the germans nicknamed them ‘ der roten tefuel ’ – the red devils. field marshal montgomery paid the paras perhaps their most timeless tribute when he described them thus : ‘ they are in fact, men apart. every man an emperor ’ more pompey paras are bound to emerge from the records as i carry on analysing the list of war dead, but here are some names and stories from among the first 600 names i have researched. private john byng, 21, was killed in action in tunisia on 11 march 1943, during the invasion of french north africa. he was serving with the 1st battalion of the parachute regiment, and had originally been a member of the duke of cornwall ’ s light infantry. after serving in north africa the paras then went on to italy, where private george bayton, 34 and from southsea, was killed on 8 december 1943, fighting with the 4th battalion. he joined the paras from the east surrey regiment. the regiment suffered heavy losses on d - day and in the subsequent battle of normandy. private ronald kent, 24, and from the 8th battalion, was killed on d - day. he had originally joined the royal artillery. in the heavy fighting after d - day the 6th airborne division was in action right through until august 1944. sergeant frank kempster, 30, was killed on 19 august 1944. he had previously been a member of the duke of cornwall ’ s light infantry. the famous battle at arnhem also saw heavy losses. corporal thomas bedford, age 22 and from paulsgrove, was killed on 18 september 1944, the day that


he had previously been a member of the duke of cornwall ’ s light infantry. the famous battle at arnhem also saw heavy losses. corporal thomas bedford, age 22 and from paulsgrove, was killed on 18 september 1944, the day that the 11th battalion landed at ginkel heath. bedford had previously been in the royal artillery. he was serving in the same battalion as my grandad, private henry miller, also from portsmouth, who interestingly lived in paulsgrove for almost 50 years after the war. finally, the 6th airborne division later saw service in action supporting the crossing of the rhine in march 1945 and subsequently on until ve day. sergeant sidney cornell, 31, was killed on 7 april 1945, just over a month before the end of the war. he is buried at becklingen in germany, not far from the site where the germans surrendered to field marshal montgomery at luneberg heath. although we do not know what unit he had served in prior to the paras, he had been called up after september 1943, and thus was very new to the army. sergeant cornell was awarded the distinguished conduct medal for bravery in action during the battle of normandy, when he was a private and serving as his company runner in the 7th battalion of the parachute regiment. the dcm was second only to the victoria cross for bravery shown by non - officers. the recommendation for his dcm is available to download from the national archives website, and i ’ ll quote from it here : ‘ this soldier was one of the parachutists to land behind the german lines in normandy on the night 5 / 6 june 1944. during the next five weeks he was in almost continuous action of a most trying and difficult nature. cornell was a company runner and has repeatedly carried messages through the most heavy and accurate enemy mortar and machine gun fire. four times wounded in action this soldier has never been evacuated and carries on with his job cheerfully and efficiently. very many acts of gallantry have been performed by members of the battalion but for sustained courage nothing surpasses cornell ’ s effort. his courage and many wounds have made him a well known and admired character throughout not only his own battalion but the whole brigade. space does not permit a record of all his feats as he distinguished himself in practically every action and fighting took place daily. on 18th june 1944 his company carried out a raid on a strong enemy position in the bois de bavent area. the position was stronger than expected and the company was hard pressed and the wireless set destroyed. cornell was sent back