the rest of the united states is now well underway and is scheduled to be completed by 2013. the system ’ s 794 ground stations should be substantially operational by 2014. the faa expects most users will equip their aircraft during the five - year period between 2015 and the 2020 deadline. the expected cost to equip an aircraft with a compliant system is evolving because most avionics manufacturers are currently working to modify and / or re - qualify their products to meet the latest published specifications. for ga aircraft already equipped with a waas gps and a garmin mode s transponder, the upgrade to ads - b out is a relatively painless and inexpensive transponder upgrade. most other ga aircraft owners will need to spend at least $ 6, 000 to meet the minimum ads - b out requirements. the fully - installed cost for some ga aircraft will be much higher ( perhaps $ 20, 000 ) when the cost of a new waas gps navigator and / or a new multi - function display is factored in. the cost to equip part 25 business and commercial aircraft will likely be much greater ( perhaps $ 150, 000 ) due to much higher equipment and certification costs. typical modifications will include new ( or upgraded ) mode s transponders and a modified traffic collision avoidance system. some aircraft will also require a new fms and many will require significant wiring modifications. ads - b is also being adopted by a variety of countries around the world as the new standard for aircraft surveillance. canadian operators who choose not to equip, because they don ’ t fly to the united states or within other ads - b airspace, may still be affected by the new u. s. regulations. when it comes time to sell their aircraft, they may find that its value is diminished because it can ’ t fly within the united states. the u. s. ads - b equipage requirement is real ; the deadline is approaching, and it ’ s time for everyone to start paying attention. daryl macintosh is founder and president of maxcraft avionics. located at the pitt meadows airport, about 35 kilometres east of vancouver, maxcraft is one of the largest full - service avionics shops in canada, and provides professional avionics services to operators of all types of private and commercial aircraft, including piston, turboprops, jets and helicopters. he can be reached at firstname. lastname @ example. org. did you know? trans - canada air lines ( later to become air canada ) first had flight attendants in


biodiversity loss has been identified as one of the great challenges of our time. the potential demise of one - fourth or more of the eartha€™s species before the end of this century represents an irreversible loss of nature and may significantly undermine the sustainable use of naturea€™s services. the continuing expansion of populations and economies and the urgent need to improve human well - being also place increasing pressures on biological diversity. the need for new understanding and novel approaches to the management of wildlands and protected areas has never been greater. scientists and practitioners within the field of conservation biology need specialized knowledge of their sub - discipline - - forest management, endangered species policy or wildlife ecology, for example. they also need the integrative perspective of a broadly educated scholar - practitioner who is equipped to understand interactions between natural systems and human influences. this field of study combines basic knowledge from the ecological sciences and other disciplines to drive environmental problem solving. a€œthere is a pressing need for a fundamental reconciliation between the conservation of natural resources and their utilization to meet human needs for food, water, shelter and recreation, a€ says professor bobbi s. low, coordinator of the conservation biology field of study. what you will study the curriculum in conservation biology focuses on issues related to resource conservation and ecosystem management and creates an interdisciplinary learning environment that includes ecosystem science, social science, policy, environmental design and quantitative analysis. coursework examines the past and present causes of species extinction and biodiversity loss, as well as the biological principles central to species conservation and sustainable ecosystem management. as a student, you will develop quantitative and analytical skills in biometrics, economics and computer applications and gain first - hand experience through internships with government agencies and private organizations. you also will learn practical applications, ranging from the design and identification of preserves to the effective management of developed landscapes and the recovery of degraded ecosystems in developed and developing countries. your curriculum will educate and train you to become a scientist and practitioner within the field of conservation biology, where you will learn to incorporate the recognition that sustainability depends as much on managing people as on managing ecosystems. launching your career the conservation biology field of study was developed to address the complex mix of issues related to the conservation of biodiversity and the management of ecosystems. this field of study can lead to a governmental career as a fish and wildlife biologist, remote - sensing specialist, environmental manager or wetlands ecologist. private - sector occupational options include environmental biologist or fisheries biologist. in addition, graduates also may consider working in the nonprofit sector, where ecologists


- the enterprise - the recorder they ’ re tiny. minuscule. full grown, they ’ re no bigger than a sesame seed. but they can cause grief of such proportions that physicians are often left confounded. they are deer ticks, ixodes scapularis. they transmit a scourge called lyme disease, a debilitating affliction that shares symptoms with so many other maladies it ’ s difficult to diagnose. tests for the disease often turn up negative for as long as a year before registering positive. there is no vaccine. antibiotics help, but only if the victim is placed on medications early. otherwise, it ’ s a long, painful ride. sufferers become familiar with drugs like doxycycline ( for adults ), amoxicillin ( for children ), erythromycin ( for pregnant women ) and ceftriaxone, with treatment lasting 10 to 28 days. in later stages, the bacteria spread throughout the body and might cross the blood - brain barrier, making the infection more difficult to treat. late - diagnosed lyme is treated with oral or intravenous antibiotics, frequently ceftriaxone for a minimum of four weeks. minocycline also is used for its ability to cross the blood - brain barrier. left untreated, lyme disease can cause chronic joint inflammation ( lyme arthritis ), particularly of the knee ; neurological symptoms, such as facial palsy and neuropathy ; cognitive defects, such as impaired memory ; and heart rhythm irregularities. other symptoms include chronic fatigue and severe headaches. borrelia bacteria belong to a phylum of bacteria called spirochetes that have flagella tiny filaments that enable them to move around, according to information on the university of california, berkeley website. these tick - spawned microbes invade healthy cells and organs and can transform into two alternative structures inside the body. it ’ s little wonder treatment is as frustrating for physicians as for the patients. to contract lyme disease, the victim must be bitten by an infected deer tick. the bacteria enter the skin through the bite and eventually make their way into the bloodstream. before bacteria can be transmitted, a deer tick must take a blood meal, which can take more than 48 hours of feeding. only ticks that are attached and feeding can transmit the bacteria. an attached tick that has a swollen appearance may indicate that enough time has elapsed to transmit bacteria. removing the tick as soon as possible might prevent infection.


48 hours of feeding. only ticks that are attached and feeding can transmit the bacteria. an attached tick that has a swollen appearance may indicate that enough time has elapsed to transmit bacteria. removing the tick as soon as possible might prevent infection. while deer ticks are the primary carriers of the disease, many disagree on an assertion that all ticks might carry some form of lyme. bull ’ s - eyethe centers for disease control and prevention in atlanta features photos on its website of the dreaded “ bull ’ s - eye, ” which forms around a tick bite. yet, in myriad cases, victims report they never see the red circle around the bite. “ i never got a rash, ” said carole koller of port republic, who had her run - in with the disease five years ago. koller has only found freedom from her symptoms in the past few months. she and her husband, doug poole, just had moved to calvert when she contracted the disease. she has horses and was clearing brush along a fence line. “ i ’ d heard about lyme, but i didn ’ t take it seriously, ” koller said. “ i had lots of ticks. i was always pulling ticks off and there were a couple of them i didn ’ t get. they were tiny little things. i got an itchy red spot that didn ’ t go away. ” within two months, koller was experiencing chronic fatigue and joint pain. “ i attributed it to how hard we were working, ” she said. “ at the time, we were going seven days a week. ” she then started getting headaches that lasted “ all day, every day. ” koller went to a doctor, who prescribed antibiotics. “ i ’ m sorry now i wasn ’ t more proactive, ” she said. “ the doctor didn ’ t think it was that big of a deal. he told me my chances of getting lyme disease were one in a thousand. ” koller persisted in telling the doctor she needed to be tested, and, as in many cases, the test came back negative. by august of the first year, the headaches had gone away, but she began experiencing numbness in her hands. “ i thought i was losing my mind, ” she said. “ i started thinking, ‘ maybe this is what happens to people in their 40s who have alzheimer ’ s in their 80s. ’ ” koller was tested for everything from multiple sclerosis to lupus to fibromyal


she said. “ i started thinking, ‘ maybe this is what happens to people in their 40s who have alzheimer ’ s in their 80s. ’ ” koller was tested for everything from multiple sclerosis to lupus to fibromyalgia. “ by then i ’ d been tested again and the doctor said, ‘ i ’ m so sorry. you have lyme, ’ ” she recalled. “ i told him, ‘ i ’ m just glad you found out what it was. ’ ” her physician initially prescribed doxycycline for three weeks. she took it for five months. “ i had gotten to that point where pain was just shooting out of my extremities, ” koller said. “ i ’ d had six or seven different blood tests. i took antibiotics for three weeks. they weren ’ t doing any good. i had pain under my fingernails, pain in my fingers, shooting pain all day long in different places. as a follow - up, i went to see dr. [ paul v. ] pomilla at calvert internal medicine group. he put me on doxy for 60 days. everything would initially work, but then the symptoms would come back. it wasn ’ t going away. ” doctors put a picc line port in her arm and she began receiving antibiotics through an iv every day, followed by blood tests every week. doctors had her start chronicling where the pain was in her system every day. “ it would change every day, ” she said. “ after a while it all runs together. you get so used to being in pain. ” finally, after 14 months and a plethora of treatments, she got to where she was “ pretty good. ” but after eight or nine months, the symptoms all came back. “ but never like that first summer, ” she noted. koller said her medications cost as much as $ 1, 800 a month. while her insurance paid for much of it, costs associated with her treatment spiraled. “ i don ’ t know how people who don ’ t have insurance would ever be able to afford it, ” she said. koller said infectious disease doctors in the region are overwhelmed by the volume of lyme cases they are facing. “ one doctor i know of in st. mary ’ s is full up, ” she said. “ they can ’ t take any more patients. ” the top 10 you don ’ t want to be in maryland ranks fourth in the top 10 states for number of lyme


of in st. mary ’ s is full up, ” she said. “ they can ’ t take any more patients. ” the top 10 you don ’ t want to be in maryland ranks fourth in the top 10 states for number of lyme cases per 100, 000 residents, according to information from the centers for disease control for 2010. more than 95 percent of lyme cases come from three distinct geographic regions of the united states, including the northeastern u. s. from maryland to maine, parts of the upper midwest in wisconsin and minnesota, and parts of northern california and southern oregon. since national statistics were first taken in 1982, the number of cases reported annually has risen twenty - five - fold, and the cumulative number of reported cases now exceeds 128, 000. in 1998, 16, 801 cases were reported, with approximately 27 percent of cases from new york, 20 percent from connecticut, 17 percent from pennsylvania, 11 percent from new jersey, 5 percent from rhode island, and 4 percent each from maryland, massachusetts and wisconsin. the highest incidence rates in 1998 were found in connecticut ( 105 per 100, 000 ), followed by rhode island ( 79. 6 ), new york ( 25. 5 ), new jersey ( 24. 0 ), pennsylvania ( 22. 9 ), maryland ( 13. 1 ) and wisconsin ( 12. 8 ). more than 2, 200 cases of lyme disease were reported in maryland in 2007, almost double the number in 2006 and a record for the state. the sharpest increases in recent years occurred in anne arundel, baltimore, carroll and montgomery counties, but lyme remains the top tick - borne disease in southern maryland. in 2008, maryland changed its definition for lyme disease to confirmed and probable cases. this shifted the numbers somewhat. where calvert county, for instance, registered in the top 10 counties in the state prior to 2008, its designation fell to 17th and eventually 15th place overall in the state. charles county cases rose from 44 in 2007 to 67 cases in 2008, then spiked to 82 cases in 2009, but dropped to 33 in 2010. st. mary ’ s county had 21 cases in 2008 but jumped to 67 the following year. in 2010, it registered 30 cases. “ lyme is still a public health concern in southern maryland. i would say we need to be vigilant. people want to be careful and concerned, ” said sharon nazarek, assistant director of nursing for the calvert county health department. a group formed two years ago in southern maryland as a


maryland. i would say we need to be vigilant. people want to be careful and concerned, ” said sharon nazarek, assistant director of nursing for the calvert county health department. a group formed two years ago in southern maryland as a networking avenue for victims of the disease. lyme awareness network member and calvert county resident connie sutton said they haven ’ t had many meetings in the past year because so many members are suffering with the debilitating effects of the disease. “ the lyme awareness network is an offshoot of [ a ] lyme support group that meets at calvert memorial hospital, ” sutton said. “ we wanted to be more active in the community, so we put a grassroots group together and would host lyme awareness events throughout southern maryland. most of us in that group have lyme. we did pull off a few showings of the movie, ‘ under our skin, ’ which is a lyme documentary. we haven ’ t been active in the past year. a lot of people have the disease and it ’ s just so hard for everyone to get together and be healthy. ” round and around “ i ended up having it for five years before i even knew what it was, ” said karen bowling of newburg. “ i went to see the doctor in 2007 for what i thought was a knee injury. the doctor took one look at me and said, ‘ you have lyme disease. ’ i didn ’ t even know what it was. i hadn ’ t heard of it back then. the test she gave me was the western blot test. it came back positive. “ i had been bitten by this tick in 2002.... the reason i know is because i had just started working at the courthouse in st. mary ’ s county. i thought it was a spider bite. it was a big, round red circle with a bite in the middle. i never saw a spider, never saw a tick. i actually went to a doctor about something else and i remember him asking me what it was on the back of my arm. i just said, ‘ oh, a spider bit me. ’ by then it was almost healed. ever since then i ’ ve been back and forth to the doctors. the biggest problem is finding doctors who believe in it. ” bowling realized that if the doctors couldn ’ t help with the disease, she had to get help for her pain. “ i started going to pain management, ” she said. “ they were able to control it. i was


believe in it. ” bowling realized that if the doctors couldn ’ t help with the disease, she had to get help for her pain. “ i started going to pain management, ” she said. “ they were able to control it. i was on morphine two times a day every day. for two years i wasn ’ t coherent. i ’ m on antidepressants now, i believe, from all this crap i ’ ve been through. what really started it all was pain in my shoulder blade area and under my shoulder. that ’ s still hurting me to this day. they ’ ve yet to find out what that is. ” bowling said she lost her job due to the disease. she has been denied disability by social security because they say there ’ s not enough information. “ the strange thing is, lyme disease is in this neighborhood, ” bowling said. “ i have a german shepherd, he has it also. the thing of it is, they have a vaccine for a dog. they don ’ t have one for humans. ” ‘ what chance do we have? ’ kat cecil of callaway knows the effects of lyme disease all too well. arthritis, headaches, fatigue all came to her about five years ago. “ i think i might have had it for a while before i even realized i ’ d been bitten by a tick, ” cecil said. “ i thought i was getting early arthritis and a bunch of other things about five years ago. i had headaches forever. they would last for days. they were so debilitating i would be in bed for days at a time. i rubbed my head so hard my temples were bruised. that ’ s how bad they were. i was so tired, i would get up in the morning and i ’ d be more exhausted than i was when i went to bed. i finally went to my doctor and asked her if she could test me for lyme. she said, ‘ i don ’ t think you have lyme, ’ and i told her i wanted to be tested anyway. the test came back positive. ” she said she slowly recovered but still has memory loss associated with the disease. “ i ’ ve slowly gotten rid of the symptoms, everything except the arthritis and the memory loss — that ’ s the key part of it, ” she said. “ it ’ s not like i haven ’ t been bitten by ticks since. i have horses and a farm.... and of course, we had ticks all through


that ’ s the key part of it, ” she said. “ it ’ s not like i haven ’ t been bitten by ticks since. i have horses and a farm.... and of course, we had ticks all through the winter, because we really didn ’ t have a winter. ” while koller had one horse and one of her dogs that contracted lyme, cecil has managed to keep her animals free of the disease. “ i give them all their shots every year and check them every day, ” she said. “ none of my animals showed symptoms of having it. ” she said she put up a fence to keep out deer, which seems to have helped. she said her cousin, who is a lawyer in anne arundel county, got a severe case. “ at one point they were giving him last rites, ” she said. “ if he, a lawyer, a man who hardly ever goes out in the wild, can get it and get that bad off with it, what chance do the rest of us have? ” prevention is the best medicine the maryland department of health and mental hygiene recommends the following precautions : - wear long pants and long sleeves to help keep ticks off skin. - wear light - colored clothing to spot ticks more easily. - when planning to be in an environment where ticks are often found, use repellent that contains at least 20 percent diethyl - meta - toluamide deet on exposed skin for protection that lasts several hours. parents should apply repellent to children ; the american academy of pediatrics recommends products with up to 30 percent deet for kids. always follow product instructions. - treat clothing and gear, such as boots, pants, socks and tents, with the pesticide permethrin, or look for clothing pretreated with permethrin. - avoid areas with high grass and leaf litter, and walk in the center of trails when hiking. - bathe or shower as soon as possible after coming indoors to wash off and more easily find crawling ticks before they bite. - conduct a full - body tick check using a hand - held or full - length mirror to view all parts of the body upon returning from tick - infested areas. parents should help children check thoroughly for ticks. remove any ticks right away. - remove an attached tick with tweezers by grasping it as close to the skin as possible and pulling firmly and gently straight up and washing the area well with soap and water ; and


last week nasa astronaut suni williams completed 1st triathlon, astronomers observed a huge asteroid vesta covered in hydrogen and private space travel got a big boost. see the top stories of the last week here. < br > first stop : farthest galaxy revealed the earliest known confirmed galaxy has been discovered with the help of cosmic lenses formed out of the warped fabric of space and time, researchers say. [ < a href = http : / / www. space. com / 17671 - farthest - galaxy - discovery - gravitational - lens. html > full story < / a > ] < br > next : warp drive may be more feasible than thought, scientists say faster than light travel may actually be possible using a warp drive to bend space around a starship. new calculations suggest such a vehicle would require less energy than once thought. [ < a href = http : / / www. space. com / 17628 - warp - drive - possible - interstellar - spaceflight. html > full story < / a > ] < br > next : space shuttle endeavour lands in l. a. the last - ever space shuttle to take flight has made its final landing. space shuttle endeavour, mounted atop nasa ' s shuttle carrier aircraft ( sca ), a modified boeing 747 jumbo jet, touched down at los angeles international airport ( lax ) in california friday ( sept. 21 ), after three day, cross - country trip from florida. [ < a href = http : / / www. space. com / 17718 - space - shuttle - endeavour - lands - los - angeles. html > full story < / a > ] < br > next : touchdown! soyuz spacecraft lands safely three astronauts touched down safely on the steppes of kazakhstan tonight, wrapping up their four - month mission to the international space station. [ < a href = http : / / www. space. com / 17627 - touchdown - soyuz - spacecraft - lands - safely - with - russian - us - crew. html > full story < / a > ] < br > next : asteroid vesta covered in hydrogen astronomers studying observations of the huge asteroid vesta by nasa ’ s dawn spacecraft have found that the space rock is a rich source of hydrogen, a new study reveals. [ < a href = http : / / www. space. com / 17680 - giant - asteroid - vesta - hydrogen - dawn - spacecraft. html > full story < / a > ] < br > next : roots of huge solar explosions may lie


href = http : / / www. space. com / 17680 - giant - asteroid - vesta - hydrogen - dawn - spacecraft. html > full story < / a > ] < br > next : roots of huge solar explosions may lie in ' coronal cavities ' nasa ’ s fleet of sun - watching spacecraft is investigating the causes of huge solar blasts called coronal mass ejections. [ < a href = http : / / www. space. com / 17704 - solar - storms - causes - coronal - cavities. html > full story < / a > ] < br > next : saturday ' s fall equinox explained the fall equinox occurs saturday, sept. 22. here ’ s what exactly happens as the direct rays of the sun slip south of the equator. [ < a href = http : / / www. space. com / 17710 - fall - equinox - seasons - change - explained. html > full story < / a > ] < br > next : why humans may be the biggest hurdle for interstellar travel the mission to mount a voyage to another star is officially on, with a new organization, the 100 year starship, spearheading the effort to muster the technologies needed within 100 years. [ < a href = http : / / www. space. com / 17703 - interstellar - spaceflight - challenges - humanity. html > full story < / a > ] < br > next : private space travel gets a big boost in california as nasa ' s space shuttle endeavour orbiter flew to its retirement home in sunny california today ( sept. 21 ), gov. edmund g. brown jr. signed legislation to bolster the commercial spaceflight sector in that state. [ < a href = http : / / www. space. com / 17720 - private - spaceflight - liability - california - law. html > full story < / a > ] < br > next : private spacecraft to launch space station cargo on oct. 7 a private space capsule ' s first contracted cargo mission to the international space station is slated to launch oct. 7, nasa officials announced today ( sept. 20 ). [ < a href = http : / / www. space. com / 17706 - spacex - dragon - space - station - cargo - mission. html > full story < / a > ] < br > next : us scientists to use chinese moon lander for space research a cooperative deal has been inked


com / 17706 - spacex - dragon - space - station - cargo - mission. html > full story < / a > ] < br > next : us scientists to use chinese moon lander for space research a cooperative deal has been inked between a u. s. group and china to use that country ’ s moon lander to conduct astronomical imaging from the lunar surface. [ < a href = http : / / www. space. com / 17645 - us - china - moon - lander - astronomy - deal. html > full story < / a > ] < br > next : nasa astronaut completes 1st triathlon in space nasa astronaut suni williams ran, biked and " swam " the nautica malibu triathlon remotely from the international space station in orbit around earth. [ < a href = http : / / www. space. com / 17643 - space - triathlon - astronaut - sunita - williams. html > full story < / a > ] < br > next : newfound alien planet a top contender to host life a new super - earth has been found in the habitable zone of a star only 49 light - years from earth, ranking fifth on the list of best objects of interest for life. [ < a href = http : / / www. space. com / 17684 - alien - planet - gliese - 163c - extraterrestrial - life. html > full story < / a > ] < br >


ask a question hi, what is there a difference between " me gusta " and " me gustan "? what is there a difference between " me gusta " and " me gustan "? is one use of the words for speaking properly and the other for casually speaking? could you give me some examples how the two phrases would be used? gusta is used is a singular conjugation of the verb and requires a subject that matches it in number. gustan is a plural conjugation and requires a subject that matches it in number me gusta el libro me gustan los libros here is a link to the reference article for this topic gustar like verbs your question can be answered by watching lesson 1 : 6 of the learn spanish video series. for now, i will tell you that the difference has nothing to do with being formal or casual. rather, it has to do with the fact that one is singular and one is plural. me gusta means that something is pleasing to you. for example : " me gusta bailar ", which means dancing is pleasing to me. in this case, dancing is singular, so the third person singular conjugation of " gustar " is used. the second example would be " me gustan los animales. " in this example, animals is plural, so the verb " gustar " is conjugated to the third person plural. i know this is a very short explanation and i hope it helps. however, you would be much better off having paralee explain it for you in the video. believe me, she does a much better job. they mean the same thing except one refers to a singular topic and one refers to a plural topic. me gusta la banana. me gustan las frutas. that was the same question i had about 3 days ago.


special olympics rhythmic gymnast sara abbott is used to beating the odds. when she was an infant, doctors said she would never walk or talk ; she was not supposed to live past the age of 30 ; and three years ago, she weighed well over 300 pounds. three years ago sara weighed well over 300 pounds and today, because of the power of sport, at age 37, she is 150 lbs. lighter. abbott has a rare genetic disorder, prader - willi syndrome, which results in intellectual disability, and is frequently associated with insatiable appetite, low metabolism, and subsequent obesity. yet today, at age 37, she is 150 lbs. lighter and took home three gold and two silver medals at the summer 2010 special olympics usa national games in lincoln, ne. abbott and her family credit her physical transformation to the dedication and support of the special olympics minnesota coaching staff and the rigorous training schedule for her ball, ribbon, rope and hoop gymnastic routines. for abbott and others just like her, special olympics is about more than sports – it allows people with intellectual disabilities the opportunity to be more fit, make more friends, and be a special part of a team. in the process, abbott has also become an inspiration to her family and fellow athletes. " i want them to exercise like i did and lose weight and watch what they eat, " abbott said. obesity is a problem for most people with intellectual disabilities. due to a health condition or the medications they take, the lack of opportunities to exercise and other issues, approximately 75 % of adult special olympics athletes are overweight. in response, special olympics issued a call to action during its national games health symposium in july. " we have a lot of work to do, " said special olympics chairman and ceo timothy shriver. " the health condition for people with intellectual disabilities is nothing short of a crisis – one that will not improve on its own. all of us must act. this isn ' t a problem for a few to handle. the solutions will come when everyone is engaged. " in its call to action, special olympics details steps that should be taken by various segments of the population, including the general public, health professionals and elected officials. the organization asks the public to donate their time and push their representatives to support policies that address these concerns. healthcare providers should increase their knowledge of intellectual disability and welcome these patients into their practices. special olympics hopes that if more people join its fight against obesity, more athletes will be able to find the same healthier lifestyle that enabled sara abbott to


in 1985, a high school kid is accidentally transported in a time machine, back to the year 1955. but the actions he takes while he is there create a paradox in the space - time continuum. when he returns to the 1985 reality from which he was originally transported, he discovers that the paradox has altered it. this forces him to travel back to the 1955 reality once again in an attempt to rectify the actions of his own self. he now has two selves traveling on the same 1955 timeline, only one of which is aware of the other. none of the people who live in these two realities are aware of anything that is taking place because they ’ re just characters in a movie. there is no place in this new kind of physics both for the field and matter, for the field is the only reality. albert einstein in traditional physics, the dimensions of a system are referred to as its ‘ degrees of freedom ’. we perceive material objects to be solid because they vibrate very slowly at the atomic level. so solid, three - dimensional matter doesn ’ t have a lot of freedom. but, the fact of the matter is – there is no matter. the material universe is nothing more than a very dense form of energy. everything that exists in this universe, from the most subtle, refined realms of energetic structures, to the densest realms of matter, is aligned in one field of energy. string theory is a developing branch of physics that combines quantum physics and general relativity into a theory of gravity. this theory attempts to describe the natural forces of gravity, matter, electro - magnetics, and weak and strong interactions, all in a mathematically complete system. some physicists believe that this theory is the correct fundamental description of nature. they believe that the building blocks of the universe are not sub - atomic particles, but rather, they are a more fundamental layer of infinitesimally small filaments of vibrating energy. and these ‘ strings of energy ’ vibrate at different frequencies. according to this theory, we are living in a universe that has 11 dimensions, with parallel dimensions, such as sub - space and hyper - space, which exist alongside it. the mathematics involved in this theory point to the existence of dimensions of reality, or consciousness, which are beyond our familiar world. our true role is to create endlessly from the infinite storehouse of possibilities located at the virtual level. deepak chopra in quantum physics, material objects are possibilities from which consciousness can choose. dimensions border one another in the same way that a radio carries many


true role is to create endlessly from the infinite storehouse of possibilities located at the virtual level. deepak chopra in quantum physics, material objects are possibilities from which consciousness can choose. dimensions border one another in the same way that a radio carries many different stations. but we can only experience those dimensions of which we are aware. we can only perceive of the ‘ music ’ that ’ s playing on the ‘ station ’ to which we attune ourselves. and we have been trained to focus on only a very small bandwidth of frequencies. the higher dimensions are outside of our range of perception. so expanding our consciousness is the way by which we will become multi - dimensional beings. god does not exist in only one place. and neither do you. as your light beams in from home, it splits like a prism and divides you into 11 different dimensions. when you are born, all 11 dimensions come in at once. the 12th dimension is your higher self. it remains outside of your physicality, but keeps you connected to home and to the other 11 dimensions. as you have now moved beyond the year 2012, you will now be able to gain information from the perfect parts of you that are missing. every one of your 11 selves will begin to become more whole within itself. this is how you will balance yourself. [ ii ] on december 21 of this year, a new earth grid was launched. this new grid is based on an entirely new frequency range, one that allows the filtration of god ’ s holy energy to be absorbed evenly around the world. and, when the earth acquired a new cosmic position during the current galactic alignment, our brains automatically opened up to this new range of frequencies. space and time are illusions of the third and fourth dimensions. we need only remove the veil to see the reality. but we must also believe that the reality is here to be seen. when everyone awakens to the understanding that they have been playing a multi - dimensional character in a movie, humanity will experience the fifth - dimensional reality in which we are all now living. when the collective human consciousness acknowledges and tunes in to the higher dimensional frequencies of this reality. in the old testament, there was once a collection of over one dozen texts called the apocrypha. derived from the greek word apocryphal, it means ‘ things that are hidden ’. king james of england imposed heavy fines on anyone who printed the old testament without including the apocrypha. so it was included in the original king james version of the bible


apocryphal, it means ‘ things that are hidden ’. king james of england imposed heavy fines on anyone who printed the old testament without including the apocrypha. so it was included in the original king james version of the bible, which was printed in the year 1611. but 250 years later, the archbishop of canterbury officially removed it from that version. [ ii ] the book of ben sira is a volume of wise proverbs that was discovered in egypt, in 1896. it is part of these apocryphal texts. known also as the book of wisdom and as the wisdom of jesus son of sirach, this book was originally written in the language of hebrew in the second century bc. eventually, it was included in the old testament as the book of ecclesiastes. but, before its recent discovery, no known hebrew version existed. some scholars even doubted its existence. in your exploration of bible truth, see to it that you do not rest satisfied in the yellow clay of a few spiritual discoveries, but press on to the rich blue clay underneath. emmet fox also part of the apocryphal texts is the book of enoch, a massive five - volume manuscript that consists of 108 chapters. where the apocalyptic view of the end of time leaves ‘ the damned ’ on a hellish earth, the book of enoch paints a very different picture. this ancient book describes an aquarian age in which heaven will actually exist on the earth. the greek word apocalypse means ‘ disclosure of something hidden from the majority of mankind in an era dominated by falsehood and misconception. ’ it is interesting to note that the books of jude and hebrews, which have both been retained in the bible, actually quote directly from the book of enoch, which has not. in fact, there are over twenty books that are referred to in the bible, but which have been excluded from it. enoch, the seventh from adam, prophesied about these men : “ ‘ see, the lord is coming with thousands upon thousands of his holy ones. ” jude 1 : 14 during world war ii, the ancient gnostic gospels were discovered in upper egypt. these gospels formed the basis of the teachings of the first jewish christians who, rather than seeking salvation from sin, sought to achieve salvation from the ignorance of which sin is a consequence. since the discovery of these gospels, there have been other ancient scrolls that have been located, the most famous of which were found concealed in caves on the shore of the dead sea,


sought to achieve salvation from the ignorance of which sin is a consequence. since the discovery of these gospels, there have been other ancient scrolls that have been located, the most famous of which were found concealed in caves on the shore of the dead sea, near the ruins of an old essene settlement called qumran. known as the dead sea scrolls, these scrolls consist of roughly 900 texts, twenty - five percent of which is biblical scripture that includes some of the only known copies of first - century biblical documents in existence. portions of the original aramaic version of the book of enoch were discovered at qumran. in fact, with the exception of the book of esther, every single book of the old testament was discovered there. [ iii ] but what is most interesting is that the book of esther is the only book that does not refer to god. the mystery that has been kept hidden for ages and generations, but is now disclosed to the saints. many people believe that god would never have allowed the word to be tampered with or concealed in ways he did not want. and, they ’ re absolutely correct. god has allowed this to take place. if we had known these truths two - thousand years ago, we would have distorted them to such an extent that, now, when we need them the most, we would not recognize them for what they truly are. the judeo - christian scriptures are a scientific treatise on universal nuclear physics, which were written in a universal metaphysical language that discloses, in minute detail, the precise formula for the attainment of unity consciousness. [ iv ]


the first thing that comes in our mind when we see cartoon characters is that they are funny, nice and beautiful. in the last few years cartoon characters became very popular and you can see them almost everywhere. today designers use all their skills, creativeness and of course adobe illustrator to make them look really awesome and attractive to us. so, if you ’ ve got an idea to create your own vector characters, first check our post with 14 new adobe illustrator tutorials! these tutorials will be useful for beginners, intermediate and advance users of adobe illustrator in creating vector characters and we hope it could help to expand your creativity and imagination. follow this step by step illustrator tutorial to create a cute vector monster character. we ’ ll create the character from basic shapes to give a cute and friendly appearance then we ’ ll bring the character to life with gradient colours and a detailed fur effect. follow this step by step adobe illustrator tutorial to create a simple vector penguin character. we ’ ll be using many of illustrator ’ s basic shapes to create the structure of the character, which makes this tutorial great for beginners. we ’ ll then make use of various gradients to really bring the character to life with depth and dimension. follow this step by step illustrator tutorial to create a cute vector mushroom character with a japanese kawaii influence. we ’ ll create the basic structure using illustrator ’ s basic shapes, add variation in the linework to define the character then finish it all off with some vibrant colour fills. looking to learn the basics of adobe illustrator? in this tutorial we ’ ll use various tools and techniques to create a simple vector robot character. with this robot being made of lots of basic shapes it makes for a great tutorial for beginners to get to grips with the illustrator application. follow this step by step illustrator tutorial to create a grumpy internet troll character. we ’ ll start the process with a basic pencil sketch then build up a complete vector character design with linework, colour fills and basic shading to create a funny cartoon mascot. learn how to create a stylized and simple character face in adobe illustrator with ryan quintal. it ’ s all the elipse and pen tool in this one, as we ’ re going to use solid colors, basic shapes, and use illustrator ’ s “ width ” tool to create some beautiful lines. once you ’ re done, you ’ ll have a template that ’ s ready to go for a wide variety of faces for characters and animation. coloring a character sketch can sometimes


when complaints are leveled at most reenactors it ' s not as much how we dress as how we treat our faces. facial hair is suppose to be good enough to make a reenactor look like a citizen of the old west. if you wear a hat or period looking bonnet ( etc. ) to cover your 21st century coiffure we can forgive the hair. women who part their hair down the center ( men part on the side ) and keep it tight, make a complete picture of 19th century style. however, no matter how perfect your clothing, hair, head covering, or look, wearing large modern frames destroys that impression completely. historically most people didn ' t wear eyeglasses or spectacles. they were a sign of old age and weakness. most people lived with their impaired vision unless they could afford spectacles. then they usually bought a ready made pair from an eye glass salesman. in many cases people never knew they were not seeing clearly. when looking for period specs here ' s a simple guide : oval lenses generally start just before 1800 and go into the 1920 ' s. rectangular or oblong lenses are before 1800 to 1890 ' s with octagonal appearing by 1840 to 1890 ' s as well. round glasses where not worn in the " old west! " round lens shapes where from before 1760 up to 1820. these round lenses never came back until about 1910. ( the " temples " make the biggest difference when dating, however! ) bridges between these styles of lenses may differ as well. the most common style of bridge for the old west impression spectacles were the crank design ( 1800 to 1880 ) an upside - down " u " with straight arms connected to the lens frame. although the " k " style and the " x " type, with two pieces of the metal crossing in a long " u " shape ( 1800 to 1900 ), touching at the center may have had about the same era, it hasn ' t shown up as much in the samples viewed. an earlier style is a common upside - down long " u " connecting the frames and is called an arch ( pre 1750 up to 1860 ). styles most commonly available post civil war include the scroll ( 1870 to 1920 ), " w " ( 1895 to present ) and coil spring style 1900 to present ). nose pads did not become common until after 1900 with an exception of the spring pad that began about 1850. temples are the clue to the age of the spectacles in most cases. for our period, and the most common samples surviving is the short


. nose pads did not become common until after 1900 with an exception of the spring pad that began about 1850. temples are the clue to the age of the spectacles in most cases. for our period, and the most common samples surviving is the short lived design of the loop to loop slider ( 1840 to 1880 ). next were the pin & slot slider ( 1790 to after 1870 ). and the long straight temple design 1820 to 1880 ). pre 1850 are the short and straight temples and the hinged at center style. from 1770 to 1900 there was the " turn pin " style. any spectacles that have the wrap around the ear or riding bow style, date after 1890 to present! * the temples aren ' t complete unless they also have a " final " which is the end design. temple finals vary also! two styles in the old west ; small open teardrops ( 1820 to 1890 ) and flat beavertails ( 1770 to 1900 ). the others are : large round open rings ( before 1750 to 1800 ), small round open rings ( 1790 to 1830 ), large open teardrops with wider temples ( 1770 to 1830 ), medium open teardrops 1790 to 1850 ), and small droplets ( 1890 to present ). see previous images. the connecting hinges where the temple connects to the lens frames will be bulkier in early styles. most spectacles made before 1870 were hand crafted and numbers may be found stamped on the edges near the hinge that give the salesman a clue to what eye problem the individual may have. some lenses may even be etched with a number as well. colored glass was used and usually for special reasons. the " d " frame glasses with side lenses that swivel to the front are usually dark blue or black and were made for people riding the trains in the 19th century. shooter ' s specs were amber colored and " frosted " with a clear center. green also seems to be surfacing.. i know you spent hundreds of dollars for those modern eyeglasses and you hate contact lenses, but consider that many of the above eyepieces or their equivalents can be purchased at an antique store for $ 20 to $ 45 each and your prescription added for another $ 65 or so. that ' s still less than what you paid for your 20th century styles. ( prices tend to vary depending on the person making them fit modern perscriptions ) this is not the last word on the subject, only a guide. i found much of my research after looking at many original spectacle


paid for your 20th century styles. ( prices tend to vary depending on the person making them fit modern perscriptions ) this is not the last word on the subject, only a guide. i found much of my research after looking at many original spectacles owned by jim miller, william dunniway and other friends as well as listening to their " expertise " and research from the books listed below. in regard to wrap around temples on spectacles, i refer you to u. s. patent # 139, 909 by g. w. meigs of hartford, ct. he received a patent on wrap - around temples on june 17, 1873. he notes in the patent description that these temples were previously made only in europe by trained craftsmen who hand forged each temple from spring steel and then hand - shaped the hinge connection with files. meigs method used spring steel wire with the hinge connection ( and ball on the other end ) added separately. all single wire wrap - around temples i have examined appear to have been made using this method. i have all u. s. patent information on spectacles and eyeglasses for 1873 and earlier, and wrap - around temples do not appear in any of the other drawings. nor do they appear in any trade catalogues prior to this date. i have verified this information with dr. william rosenthal, author and spectacle consultant to the smithsonian and owner of the world ' s largest collection of spectacles, and with jeff handley, curator of the american academy of ophalmology museum of opthalmology in san francisco, home of the largest museum collection in this country. alan has been visiting museums in preparation for his book on spectacles ( a brief mention of his project and an article about spectacles appeared in the march 1998 issue of art and antiques magazine. )


what is compression? compression is the reduction in size of data by converting it to a format that requires fewer bits. most often compression is used to minimize storage space ( on a hard drive, for example ) or for reducing transmitted data over a network. salary compression it was the consensus of the committee that specific recommendations for salary increases could only be made after fundamental issues were addressed : 1 ) what is salary compression? using a compression gauge these simple devices can tell you a great deal about the health of your engine. in fact, when used properly and interpreted correctly, a compression tester will reveal just about all you could want to know about your vehicle. an oracle white paper. october 2011. advanced compression with oracle database 11g 3 why compression? • raw media file sizes tend to be large - audio • sample - based, with relatively high sampling rates - audio example : • 172. 266 kb / sec = > 44, 100 hz sampling rate, 16 bit samples, stereo - motion video / still images • stores each image ( e. g., frame ) in its color space ( e. g... dct - based video quality evaluation - - - final project for ee392j feng xiao winter 2000 abstract lossy compression methods make the widespread distribution of digital video possible at the cost of introduction of artifacts. contents iv literature number : bpra065 list of figures figure 1 : a copy machine that makes three reduced copies of the input image [ y ]..... 2 figure 2 : the first three copies generated on the copying machine figure 1. techniques for managing large data sets : compression, indexing and summarization table compression in oracle. database 10g release 2. an oracle white paper may 2005 ajr : 189, november 2007 1175 ajr 2007 ; 189 : 1175 - 1178 0361 - 803x / 07 / 1895 - 1175 © american roentgen ray society choy et al. mri of thoracolumbar spine musculoskeletal imaging • technical innovation axial compression frame for mri of thoracolumbar spine daniel s. j. choy 1 gian paolo tassi 2 richard...


topics - topics - cape fear museum cape fear museum cape fear museum the cape fear museum of history and science is the oldest history museum in the state. founded in 1898, its first collections included confederate relics and grew to collections of images and artifacts that shaped the history, science and cultures of southeastern north carolina. the museum, which began with one room staffed by volunteers, is accredited by the american association of museums and has more than 50, 000 objects. it was founded by a group of wilmington women who wanted to preserve memories of the civil war. collections include objects relating to cultures of the lower cape fear region, which is defined as a 50 - mile radius around wilmington, including all of new hanover, brunswick and pender counties and parts of columbus, bladen, sampson, duplin and onslow counties. photographs to household items and industrial tools are housed in the museum, and special exhibits are both rotating and ongoing. the michael jordan discovery gallery is an ongoing exhibit that encourages youth to explore nature and the environment. a maritime pavilion, another ongoing exhibit, showcases watercraft people have used in the area. hours : winter : winter : closed monday. open 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. tuesday to saturday and 1 - 5 p. m. sunday. summer ( memorial day through labor day ) : open 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. monday to saturday and 1 - 5 p. m. sunday. admission : $ 7 for adults, $ 6 for seniors, college students and military personnel, $ 4 for youth ages 3 to 17 and free for children under 3. the first sunday of each month is free for new hanover county residents, and admission is always free for cape fear museum members. recent articles about cape fear museum published may 4, 2013 the museum wants to give free admission to all children younger than 5. published march 29, 2013 it ' s clear that the political philosophy is different in raleigh. what ' s not clear is that this shift toward “ smaller government ” will benefit north carolina. published march 25, 2013 it ' s nothing personal against the n. c. biotechnology center, said mccrory ' s budget director, art pope. published march 1, 2013 on sunday, march 3, participating attractions ( see list below ) open to new hanover county residents free of charge. published february 21, 2013 cape fear museum associates is hosting vintage and vine, an epicurean evening published february 15, 2013 the event will feature an array of hors d ' oeuvres and desserts from chefs


skeletal : bone and cartilage ucla faculty studying stem cell and musculoskeletal disease seek to discover better ways to regenerate bone and cartilage. our multidisciplinary team has expertise in reconstructive surgery, musculoskeletal, developmental, and stem cell biology, molecular pathology, material and clinical science, and bioengineering. together, they identified a key growth factor ( nell1 ) that helps “ jumpstart ” the body ’ s own stem cells to repair lost or damaged bone and cartilage tissues. this discovery could have significant implications for treating trauma patients with significant musculoskeletal injuries and can also be used to treat or “ reactivate ” stem cells in aged populations with osteoporotic bone loss or cartilage loss from “ wear and tear ” and osteoarthritis. our faculty have successfully combined nell1 with specially engineered scaffolds to activate stem cells in order to regenerate bone in long bone models like the arms and legs, the spine, and parts of the skull in non - human animals. nell1 also dramatically promotes healing in joint cartilage models. currently, work is being conducted to identify and develop ways to deliver nell 1 to injured joints in a minimally invasive way. remarkably, nell1 also significantly harnessed mesenchymal or connective tissue stem cells in bone marrow to form new bone in osteoporotic models. since most clinical osteoporosis therapies work to prevent bone loss rather than build new bone like nell1, the broad stem cell research center is sponsoring work to develop the promising application of nell1 to activate bone forming stem cells in osteoporosis patients. in addition, using unique stem cell isolation protocols, the ucla team was the first group to efficiently isolate significant numbers of perivascular or specialized blood vessel stem cells from routine cosmetic liposuction material. this finding opens the door for easily obtaining large numbers of purified stem cells for both immediate and future use. our faculty discovered that combining nell1 with perivascular stem cells increases stem cell survival and markedly enhances musculoskeletal tissue repair. this finding paves the way for efficiently isolating a patient ’ s own stem cells from liposuction and then reapplying those cells with nell1 to maximally “ jumpstart ” the reparative process after injury.


eto gitarama project : make a difference ( mad ) project er : education rwanda in the summers of 2004, 2005 & 2006, a group of youth and adults traveled to gatenga, rwanda in africa on a service project that involved working directly with several villages to primarily address three main issues : - the training of teachers in the development of moral / educational programs for children, teaching them about unity and peace and how to work with children to apply these and other virtues in their daily lives. - working with village elders in the development of agricultural co - ops to assist in the production of food for purposes of more adequately feeding their families and also for providing a means for making a living. - teaching mothers and a few interested fathers about health and nutrition and how to provide inexpensive balanced meals for their families and steps to take to prevent disease. in one village where the group was stationed there is an elementary school with over 800 students. each small classroom is crowded to overflowing with at least 60 children. this school is very poor and lacking everything thatwe, in this society consider essential and required as our basic right for the promotion of learning. for example, the school lacks enough desks so there is not enough room for all the children to sit down. many have to stand up throughout their classes. we are in the process of raising funds for this school and the first priority request from the director of the school is for student desks. other financial needs include the building of latrines. currently the school ’ s latrines are inadequate - only four latrines for the use of 863 students! other needs include pens for writing. many students lack pens and must wait to borrow a friend ’ s pen after the friend has finished using it. books are another need. the school has no library books or room for housing them. many children come from poor families and do not eat all day. the director would like to be able to eventually establish a lunch program. some help for this latter project might come from the un world food program, but there would still be a need for salaries for cooks to prepare the meal. as you can see there are many needs. we hope that you will be able to help improve the learning and living environments for these children. our first project is buying desks. the school uses bench style desks where three children sit on each bench. the principal of the school tells us that they will need 105 more benches to replace those that are old and to add those that are lacking. each bench costs about $


learn about and because it can probably fit 5 pages. my bibliography is on the ending of the report, my teacher helped me with it because i didn ' t know how to do it. cancer is the name for tumors that are malignant. malignant tumors do not respond to body mechanisms that limit growing. malignant tumors show a not normal cell structure the same functional specialized cells. also cancer cells growing in laboratory tissue culture do not stop growing when they touch each other on a glass or other solid surface but grow in masses several layers deep they are said to lack loss of contact inhibition accounts for two other characteristics of cancer cells invasiveness of surrounding tissues and metastasis spreading via the lymph system or blood to other tissues and organs. cells are typically controlled by growth factors competence factors that stimulate cells to enter the beginning phase of cell replication and progression factors that insure completion of the replication cycle. the unrestricted growth rates of cells are due to the activation and lack of inhibition of oncogenes. they are cancer causing genes. cancer tissue that grows without limits competes with normal tissue for nutrients kills the normal cells by nutritional deprivation. cancerous tissue also causes secondary effects with the symptoms of a malignant growth caused by the pressure of the growing tumor against surrounding tissue or the metastasis of cancer cells and their invasion of other organs. cancers are graded as to degree of malignancy on a scale of one through four the distinction between even benign and malignant neoplasms is obscure. all organs and tissues are susceptible to cancer. a lot of human cancers may be caused or at least triggered by various chemical agents. alkylating agents are thought to have a... [ continues ] cite this essay ( 1999, 10 ). cancer. studymode. com. retrieved 10, 1999, from http : / / www. studymode. com / essays / cancer - 19933. html " cancer " studymode. com. 10 1999. 10 1999 < http : / / www. studymode. com / essays / cancer - 19933. html >. " cancer. " studymode. com. 10, 1999. accessed 10, 1999. http : / / www. studymode. com / essays / cancer - 19933. html.


the value chain analysis describes the activities the organization performs and links them to the organization ’ s competitive position. value chain analysis describes the activities within and around an organization, and relates them on analysis of the competitive strength of the organization. therefore, it evaluates which value each particular activity adds to the organization ’ s products or services ( recklies 2001 ). value chain analysis can be used to describe the activities within and around the organization, and relate them to the competitive strength of the firm ( its ability to provide value for money products and services ). thus, the approach rests upon the need to identify separate organizational activities and assess their value added. the importance of organized activities and systems becomes clear. the various resources ( people, machinery, information, etc. ) must be deployed into activities, routines and systems that produce the necessary value. the ability to perform particular activities and manage the linkages between activities is the key source of competitive advantage ( lowson 2002 ). activities that add value are divided into two categories. these are primary and support. primary activities are primarily concerned with the creation or delivery of a product or service. they can be grouped into five main areas : inbound logistics ( receiving, storing and distributing the inputs to an organization ) operations ( transforming inputs into outputs ) outbound logistics ( storing and distribution and delivery of product and service combinations ) marketing and sales ( means by which consumers are made aware of an can purchase products and services ) service ( activities that enhance the value of a product or service ) each primary activity is linked to support activities, which help to improve their effectiveness or efficiency. procurement ( the... [ continues ] cite this essay ( 2010, 08 ). value chain analysis. studymode. com. retrieved 08, 2010, from http : / / www. studymode. com / essays / value - chain - analysis - 382277. html " value chain analysis " studymode. com. 08 2010. 08 2010 < http : / / www. studymode. com / essays / value - chain - analysis - 382277. html >. " value chain analysis. " studymode. com. 08, 2010. accessed 08, 2010. http : / / www. studymode. com / essays / value - chain - analysis - 382277. html.


obesity means having too much body fat. it is not the same as being overweight, which means weighing too much. a person may be overweight from extra muscle, bone, or water, as well as from having too much fat. both terms mean that a person ' s weight is higher than what is thought to be healthy for his or her height. morbid obesity ; fat - obese causes, incidence, and risk factors : taking in more calories than you burn can lead to obesity because the body stores unused calories as fat. obesity can be caused by : - eating more food than your body can use - drinking too much alcohol - not getting enough exercise many obese people who lose large amounts of weight and gain it back think it is their fault. they blame themselves for not having the willpower to keep the weight off. many people regain more weight than they lost. today, we know that biology is a big reason why some people cannot keep the weight off. some people who live in the same place and eat the same foods become obese, while others do not. our bodies have a complex system to help keep our weight at a healthy level. in some people, this system does not work normally. the way we eat when we are children can affect the way we eat as adults. the way we eat over many years becomes a habit, affecting what we eat, when we eat, and how much we eat. we are surrounded by things that make it easy to overeat and hard to stay active. - many people do not have time to plan and make healthy meals. - more people today work desk jobs compared to more active jobs in the past. - people with less free time have less time to exercise. the term " eating disorder " means a group of medical conditions that have an unhealthy focus on eating, dieting, losing or gaining weight, and body image. a person may be obese, follow an unhealthy diet, and have an eating disorder all at the same time. sometimes, medical problems or treatments cause weight gain, including : - underactive thyroid gland ( hypothyroidism ) - medicines such as birth control pills, antidepressants, and antipsychotics other things that can cause weight gain are : - quitting smoking. most people who quit smoking gain 4 - 10 pounds in the first 6 months after quitting. some people gain as much as 25 - 30 pounds. - stress, anxiety, feeling sad, or not sleeping well -


are : - quitting smoking. most people who quit smoking gain 4 - 10 pounds in the first 6 months after quitting. some people gain as much as 25 - 30 pounds. - stress, anxiety, feeling sad, or not sleeping well - for women : - menopause - - women may gain 12 - 15 pounds during menopause - not losing the weight they gained during pregnancy signs and tests : the health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask questions about your medical history, eating habits, and exercise routine. the two most common ways to assess your weight and measure health risks related to your weight are : body mass index ( bmi ) - waist circumference ( your waist measurement in inches ) bmi is calculated using height and weight. you and your health care provider can use your bmi to estimate how much body fat you have. your waist measurement is another way to estimate how much body fat you have. extra weight around your middle or stomach area increases your risk for type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and stroke. people with " apple - shaped " bodies ( meaning their waist is bigger than their hips ) also have an increased risk for these diseases. skin fold measurements may be taken to check your body fat percentage. blood tests may be done to look for thyroid or hormone problems that could lead to weight gain. however, these tests are usually normal. changing your lifestyle an active lifestyle and plenty of exercise, along with healthy eating, is the safest way to lose weight. even modest weight loss can improve your health. you will need a lot of support from family and friends. when dieting, your main goal should be to learn new, healthy ways of eating and make them a part of your daily routine. many people find it hard to change their eating habits and behaviors. you may have practiced some habits for so long that you may not even know they are unhealthy, or you do them without thinking. you need to be motivated to make lifestyle changes. make the behavior change part of your life over the long term. know that it takes time to make and keep a change in your lifestyle. work with your health care provider and dietitian to set realistic, safe daily calorie counts that help you lose weight while staying healthy. remember that if you drop pounds slowly and steadily, you are more likely to keep them off. your dietitian can teach you about : - healthy food choices - healthy snacks - how to read nutrition labels - new ways to prepare food - portion sizes -


that if you drop pounds slowly and steadily, you are more likely to keep them off. your dietitian can teach you about : - healthy food choices - healthy snacks - how to read nutrition labels - new ways to prepare food - portion sizes - sweetened drinks extreme diets ( fewer than 1, 100 calories per day ) are not thought to be safe or to work very well. these types of diets often do not contain enough vitamins and minerals. most people who lose weight this way return to overeating and become obese again. learn new ways to manage stress, rather than snacking. examples may be meditation, yoga, or exercise. if you are depressed or stressed a lot, talk to your health care provider. medications and herbal remedies you may see ads for supplements and herbal remedies that claim they will help you lose weight. many of these claims are not true. some of these supplements can have serious side effects. talk to your health care provider before using them. you can discuss weight loss drugs with your doctor. most people lose between 5 and 10 pounds by taking these drugs. most people also regain the weight when they stop taking the medicine, unless they have made lasting lifestyle changes. bariatric surgery can reduce the risk of disease in people with severe obesity. these risks include : - heart disease - high blood pressure - some cancers surgery may help people who have been very obese for 5 years or more and have not lost weight from other treatments, such as diet, exercise, or medicine. surgery alone is not the answer for weight loss. it can train you to eat less, but you still have to do much of the work. you must be committed to diet and exercise after surgery. talk to your doctor to learn if this is a good option for you. weight - loss surgeries include : many people find it easier to follow a diet and exercise program if they join a group of people with similar problems. obesity is a major health threat. the extra weight puts added stress on every part of your body and creates many risks to your health. dale ks, mcauley ka, taylor rw, williams sm, farmer vl, hansen p, et al. determining optimal approaches for weight maintenance : a randomized controlled trial. cmaj. 2009 ; 180 : e39 - e46. jensen md. obesity. in : goldman l, schafer ai, eds. cecil medicine. 24th ed. philadelphia, pa : saunders elsevier ; 2011 : chap 227. sc


##aj. 2009 ; 180 : e39 - e46. jensen md. obesity. in : goldman l, schafer ai, eds. cecil medicine. 24th ed. philadelphia, pa : saunders elsevier ; 2011 : chap 227. schauer pr, kashyap sr, wolski k, et al. bariatric surgery versus intensive medical therapy in obese patietns with diabetes. n engl j med. 2012 : epub march 26. seagle hm, strain gw, makris a, reeves rs ; american dietetic association. position of the american dietetic association : weight management. j am diet assoc. 2009 ; 109 : 330 - 346. united states department of agriculture. dietary guidelines for americans, 2010. accessed april 21, 2012. wadden ta, volger s, sarwer db, et al. a two year randomized trial of obesity treatment in primary care practice. n engl j med. 2011 ; 365 : 1969 - 1979 | review date : 5 / 12 / 2012 | reviewed by : david c. dugdale, iii, md, professor of medicine, division of general medicine, department of medicine, university of washington school of medicine ; and linda j. vorvick, md, medical director and director of didactic curriculum, medex northwest division of physician assistant studies, department of family medicine, uw medicine, school of medicine, university of washington. also reviewed by david zieve, md, mha, medical director, a. d. a. m. health solutions, ebix, inc. the information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. a licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. call 911 for all medical emergencies. links to other sites are provided for information only - - they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. © 1997 - a. d. a. m., inc. any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.


below is an extract from the introduction to my book - hope this provides the explanation you ' re looking for : " each word ending is presented on a separate page with the following key principles to help the reader to remember whether the word ending is masculine or feminine. 1. each word ending is written in blue for masculine words and pink for feminine words. 2. each page has a tab with the word ending ( blue for masculine words, pink for feminine words ) so that it can be used like an address book. 3. for masculine words, the page background and tab are blue. for feminine words, they are pink. 4. each word is accompanied by a memorable drawing of a common item, to connect the word and its ending with either masculine or feminine. " strangely enough, yesterday evening, quite independently, i was thinking about creating flashcards too! i use them frequently with my french students who are learning english - for most people, used appropriately they are an excellent learning method! best wishes - hilary thank you hilary! simple and effective! i ' m trying something now - translating book reviews and just selecting two or three common words or phrases to put on flash cards - rather than * every * new word i ' m not sure about or don ' t know. not so overwhelming that way ( read : staying clear of having a method grind to a ( temporary ) stop ). have you ever seen the segment on france 2 ' s " en toutes lettres " in which the contestants and celebrity participants have to determine if words are masculine or feminine? you guessed it - they have a heck of a time, too! ( they have to answer 9 in a row correctly, or the next participant has to start from scratch. ) the show is great for vocabulary. merci encore, michael sounds like a good idea! i tend to try and learn / teach about 10 things on flashcards at a time - more than that can become overwhelming! mind you, one of my students is determined to learn the 300 + most common english verbs, so she ' s got about 40 flashcards, but we work through them five at a time. no tv at the moment michael, waiting until i can afford to buy and install a satellite dish, necessary here to receive any tv apparently. have tv, orange box, but no satellite dish. they say patience is a virtue : - ). so, no, not seen " en toutes lettres " but understand the difficulty many french people have, even having learned them from the year dot


niemann - pick disease is a group of diseases passed down through families ( inherited ) in which fatty substances called lipids collect in the cells of the spleen, liver, and brain. there are four most commonly recognized forms of the disease : types a, b, c, and d. types a and b are also called type i. types c and d are also known as type ii. each type involves different organs. it may or may not involve your nervous system and breathing. each one can cause different symptoms and may occur at different times throughout life. causes, incidence, and risk factors niemann - pick disease types a and b occur when cells in the body do not have an enzyme called acid sphingomyelinase ( asm ). this substance helps break down ( metabolize ) a fatty substance called sphingomyelin, which is found in every cell in the body. if asm is missing or does not work properly, sphingomyelin builds up inside cells. this kills your cells and makes it hard for organs to work properly. type a occurs in all races and ethnicities. it is more common in the ashkenazi ( eastern european ) jew population. type c occurs when the body cannot properly break down cholesterol and other fats ( lipids ). this leads to too much cholesterol in the liver and spleen and too much of other lipids in the brain. type c is most common among puerto ricans of spanish descent. type d involves a defect that interferes with how cholesterole moves between brain cells. it is a variant of type c. this type has only been seen in french canadian people in yarmouth county, nova scotia. symptoms vary. other health conditions may cause similar symptoms. the early stages of the disease may only cause a few symptoms. you may never have all symptoms. type a usually begins in the first few months of life. symptoms may include : abdominal ( belly area ) swelling within 3 - 6 months cherry red spot in the eye loss of early motor skills ( gets worse over time ) type b symptoms are usually milder. they occur in late childhood or the teenage years. abdominal swelling may occur in young children. there is almost no brain and nervous system involvement, such as loss of motor skills. some patients may have repeated respiratory infections. type c usually affects school - aged children. however, it may occur any time between early infancy to adulthood. symptoms may include : a blood or bone marrow test can be done to diagnose types a


. some patients may have repeated respiratory infections. type c usually affects school - aged children. however, it may occur any time between early infancy to adulthood. symptoms may include : a blood or bone marrow test can be done to diagnose types a and b. the test can tell who has the disease, but does not show if you are a carrier. dna tests can be done to diagnose carriers of types a and b. a skin biopsy is usually done to diagnose types c and d. the health care provider watches how the skin cells grow, move, and store cholesterol. dna tests may also be done to look for the two genes that cause this type at this time, there is no effective treatment for type a. bone marrow transplants have been done on a few patients with type b with encouraging results. researchers continue to study possible treatments, including enzyme replacement and gene therapy. there is no specific treatment for type d. a new medicine called miglustat is available for the nervous system symptoms of type c. a healthy, low - cholesterol diet is recommended. however, research does not show that these methods stop the disease from getting worse or change how cells break down cholesterol. however, medicines are available to control or relieve many symptoms, such as cataplexy and seizures. for more information, visit the national niemann - pick disease foundation website : www. nnpdf. org type a niemann - pick is a severe disease. it usually leads to death by age 2 or 3. those with type b may live into late childhood or adulthood. a child who shows signs of type c before age 1 may not live to school age. those who show show symptoms after entering school may live into their mid - to - late teens. some may live into their 20s. mcgovern mm, desnick rj. lipidoses ( lysosomal storage diseases ). in : kliegman rm, stanton bf, st. geme jw iii, schor nf, behrman re, eds. nelson textbook of pediatrics. 19th ed. philadelphia, pa : saunders elsevier ; 2011 : chap80. 4. np - c guidelines working group, wraith je, baumgartner mr, bembi b, et al. recommendations on the diagnosis and management of niemann - pick disease type c. mol genet metab. 2009 ; 98 : 152 - 165. david c. dugdale, iii, md, professor of


the spunky and popular dora the explorer takes kids on an exotic adventure with the leapfrog explorer learning game dora the explorer. travel far and wide and learn about the cultures, food, clothing, terrain and native wildlife of egypt, china, australia and peru. along the way, little learners ages 4 to 7 can work on some spanish vocabulary basics like numbers and colors. the content of this leapfrog book focuses on foreign language, social studies, multi - cultural understanding and map skills, but this robust learning experience feels more like fun than anything. works with leappad explorer learning tablets and leapster explorer game systems. leapfrog device sold separately. - bring faraway places to life with dora the explorer as you learn about the cultures, animals and landscapes of 4 different countries and expand your spanish vocabulary - travel the world and learn about the cultures of egypt, china, australia and peru - learn about local animals, food, clothing, landscapes and more - teaches spanish vocabulary, social studies and culture plus map skills - manufacturer ' s suggested age : 4 years and up - educational focus : letters and numbers - number of activities : 8. 0 - includes : game cartridges - learning platform : leap frog leappad2, leap frog leappad, leapster explorer - interacts with : electronic learning system - material : plastic - dimensions : 1. 25 " l x 1. 77 " w x 0. 46 " t - product weight : 0. 21 lb. - battery : no battery used - june 11, 2010


do you do some type of daily editing or daily oral language review? could your students use more practice solving word problems? why not save precious teaching time and practice them at the same time! this 194 page packet includes daily editing problems for 38 weeks ( 190 school days!!! ) common themes ( apples, penguins, seuss, etc. ) and books ( frog and toad, tacky, etc. ) are included. the first half of the packet includes punctuation and capitalization errors only with the suggestion to circle sight words. the second half of the packet does add spelling errors to increase difficulty. what a wonderful product! can ' t wait to use it with my students : ) february 3, 2013 killing two birds with one stone love it editing and then maths!! has made my group time more focussed thanks!! and given me time!! january 21, 2013 thank you! great resource! january 15, 2013 we do these together - very helpful. january 15, 2013 wonderful! i already notice how my students understand end marks as well as when and where a sentence starts! january 6, 2013 these are wonderful and very thorough. they are a little tough for my students but overall very good! december 31, 2012 i really love this idea. i was making my own last year and decided to go with the pre - made. i couldn ' t get it to work in our classroom this year... but i think it was more the specific dynamics of our classroom this year and not the product. : ) december 10, 2012 these are fantastic... but i knew theywould be cuz you ' re awesome!! thanks for all your creative hard work!! : ) december 9, 2012 awesome - i appreciate all the effort you put into this huge resource ask jennifer bates a question. they will receive an automated email and will return to answer you as soon as possible. please login to ask your question. questions and answers : just wanted to share something with you. i purchased this unit a few months ago and i can ' t tell you how much i have loved it! the kiddos have loved it, too. i have used them each morning for morning work. it helps me see several things... phonics rules application, computation, reading comprehension, and visualization reading strategy. we just finished standardized testing and i truly think that this daily exercise made such a difference for some of them... thanks so much! thank you so much for sharing that! you just


, computation, reading comprehension, and visualization reading strategy. we just finished standardized testing and i truly think that this daily exercise made such a difference for some of them... thanks so much! thank you so much for sharing that! you just made my day. : - ) would you mind if i quoted you on my blog? april 22, 2012 i would really like to purchase this unit but i noticed you have a bunch of the same questions on one sheet. i would love to have a " teacher copy " that has one copy of each question so that it isn ' t that many pages. i could make myself a mini book. am i making sense? ( haha ) would you be able to do that? : ) i ' m sorry, i don ' t have it in that format. i made it this way so it would be easier to copy and distribute daily. only 4 fit on a page anyway. i just hand myself out a copy and paste it in every morning just like the kids do and it works great. hope you can make it work. march 5, 2012 thanks for responding so quickly to my request for a second set of these. yes, a set written at the second grade level would be perfect for my teaching situation. i could use the original set with my first graders & the second grade set for my 2nd graders. perfect! thanks again! yes, it is still on sale. i just tried it and it said $ 12. i clicked on the title and it opened the detailed screen. did you do it that way? november 25, 2011 hey, i purchased your daily editing word problems. i would like a single copy of each day instead of 4 of the same on each page. i am using the board to write the problem instead of having the class have their own copy. thanks so much. i love your blog. thank you for all the great ideas. this is my first year in grade 1 after teaching 2nd for 8 years. i ' m not sure what 20 % you are referring to. i am not having a sale right now. august 30, 2011 i love this file! i teach second grade and think the problems might be too easy for my students. if i buy the file, would you be able to email me the word version of it so i can change the numbers to make the math problems more difficult? if not, i understand... just thought i ' d ask.


opportunities to prevent the infection are being missed in hospitals across britain, charities said. group b streptococcus ( gbs ) is the most common cause of meningitis in young babies, triggering an estimated 500 cases a year. the infection can be prevented by giving antibiotics to at - risk mothers during delivery. researchers who looked at data from 202 of the 222 neonatal units across britain and the republic of ireland insist that up to 50 per cent of case could be avoided if more mothers were given the drugs. but they found that many women were not even warned about the infection. the warning was made by the charities meningitis research foundation ( mrf ) and group b strep support. many women carry the infection without showing any symptoms. although there are no reliable figures for how many have gbs one in 10 people carry a form of meningitis infection at some point in their lives. “ at risk ” women include those whose temperatures spike during labour, who give birth more than 18 hours after their water breaks or who have had another child who suffered from the infection. babies under 12 months of age are 38 times more likely to contract the infection than older children or adults. dr paul heath, from st george ’ s university of london, who led the team which analysed the figures, warned : “ the early treatment of meningitis in babies appears to vary widely across britain. ” christopher head, chief executive of the mrf, said : “ ( we are ) very concerned by the lack of awareness of gbs infection and the potential inconsistencies in the treatment of the disease. ” the organisation is launching a new research project to improve recognition and treatment of meningitis in young babies. around 1, 000 children under the age of one develop meningitis in britain and the republic of ireland every year.


they show how david joy, of the british embassy in buenos aires, contacted his chilean counterpart raul schmidt to discuss tensions with argentina before filing a restricted memorandum on march 5 1982. chile and argentina had long been in dispute over the possession of picton, lennox and nueva islands in the beagle channel at the southern tip of south america and had come to the brink of war in 1978. according to the documents, as revealed by bbc world ' s spanish language service, mr schmidt told mr joy that argentina ' s sovereignty disputes with chile and britain both stemmed from the country ' s desire to have a naval base further south. " the schmidt thesis is based essentially on the argentine navy ' s need of a strategic port further south than its current and most secure port, puerto belgrano, ( south of the province of buenos aires ), " one document states. " the obvious option ushuaia was not satisfactory from a security point of view because it is under constant chilean surveillance. " therefore the argentines are, according to schmidt, desperate to have some other secure port further south, a goal that could be satisfied by having access to the islands south of beagle or the falklands. in this context, he believes the sovereignty disputes are linked. " on march 15 the report, headed ' a common burden with chile? ', was received and distributed to colin bright, manager of the south american section of the foreign office, and other senior officials. handwritten notes were then added to the documents, suggesting the british were open to the idea of negotiating an agreement for an argentine naval base on the falklands just two weeks before the war began. one scribbled note states : " i think we are agreed that the argentine interest in south atlantic security is part of her wish to gain sovereignty over the islands. but it ' s only a small part. after all, if all they wanted was a naval base we could easily accommodate them. " another in different handwriting comments : " could we easily accommodate the argentines on a naval base? because this is the sort of idea which we should have in mind if negotiations do resume. " argentina long disputed rulings that the islands in the beagle channel were chilean but finally recognised them as such in 1984 following papal


binod p bista foreign policy expert, nepalthe revision issue of indo - nepal treaty of peace and friendship ’, considered unequal by most nepalis, was first raised publicly by prime minister kirti nidhi bista in the year 1969 terming it as obsolete and outdated. the argument put forward for its revision had to do with india not abiding by the related clauses of that treaty ( article ii requires that both governments inform each other of any serious friction or misunderstanding with any neighboring state likely to cause any breach in the friendly relations subsisting between the two countries ” ). letter exchanged with the treaty ( july 1950 - same date as the treaty ) stipulates clearly that the two governments shall consult with each other and devise effective counter - measures ” to deal with the threat from a foreign aggressor. india had taken two unilateral actions during its war with china in 1962 ( along ladakh region ) and with pakistan in 1965 ( disputed region of kashmir ) without informing nepal on both occasions despite the treaty obliging both parties to do so. even later in the year 1971, india ’ s direct involvement against pakistan for bangladesh independence without nepal ’ s knowledge breached the important article of that treaty. almost forty years down the line in 2008, the prime minister - in - waiting puspa kamal dahal, terming indo - nepal 1950 treaty as unequal from a security relation point of view called for scrapping it off. he also called for a revisit and review of several other treaties such as the mahakali treaty of 1996. now a look at the clauses of the 1950 indo - nepal treaty that hurt the sentiments and pride of nepalis who chose to remain independent at the cost of progress and prosperity. the provisions that offend nepali national sensibilities are those giving india a say in nepal ’ s purchase of military equipment from a third country and granting india ‘ first preference ’ for industrial and natural resource projects in nepal. such provisions are clearly inconsistent with nepal ’ s exercise of full sovereignty. also the reciprocity sought by the treaty between a nation of over one billion population ( india ) and a mere 27 million people ( nepal ) in according the same privileges to the nationals of both countries ( articles vi and vii ) poses a serious problem to nepal in spite of a stipulation in the letter exchange for preventing unrestricted competition necessary for some time. the revision or signing of a new treaty with india, for which there are ample takers of this view in india, would not only


to nepal in spite of a stipulation in the letter exchange for preventing unrestricted competition necessary for some time. the revision or signing of a new treaty with india, for which there are ample takers of this view in india, would not only restore full sovereignty to the nepalis but also commence the beginning of a new partnership with nepal ’ s closest friend and neighbor, india. moreover, the 1950 peace and friendship treaty was signed towards the end of rana oligarchy by the last rana prime minister mohan shumshere jb rana which was not even distantly representative of the people, it was natural that the treaty included several clauses that tried to encroach upon nepal ’ s sovereignty. successive governments under democratic polity since 1990 allowed foreign governments ’ resident envoys to travel to any part of the country and offer donations or charities to educational, health and other social agencies without receiving prior approval and accompaniment of the government. that action coupled with the practice of weak government leaders seeking foreign advice and support in petty but internal matters such as resolving political disputes among nationally elected representatives of political parties has largely eroded nepal ’ s sovereign status hard earned by their predecessors at a great cost and sacrifice. increasing intervention in nepal ’ s internal affairs by all foreign actors in the past decade or so has remained a major irritant in nepal ’ s otherwise best relations with foreign countries. there is a need to resolve these unwarranted issues through astute diplomacy and tact. the study of international relations requires that it be viewed as a dynamic concept that is changing over time. the pace of change, however, is contingent on bigger powers, more so with the sole super power of today. the establishment of security council of the united nations with two distinct types of membership, permanent and non - permanent, explains the concept of bigger power and lesser power better. obviously, impact and influence of foreign policies of lesser powers is utterly limited when it comes to exercising it in the international scene. although larger countries in the region such as india and china in asia, brazil and argentina in south america or nigeria and south africa in africa do exert some amount of influence in their areas yet when that regional dispute or conflict takes the shape of an international character, other stronger powers get into action encroaching ( even stunting ) upon their ability to influence the events there. for lesser powers it is even difficult to maintain their neutrality and exercise real independence, much less influence, in vital matters requiring decision at the global level the people of nepal must never forget that the country


learning curve. in the short and mid - term china would pay special attention to improving its relations with developed countries, particularly usa and with its neighboring countries for the modernization program and building a well - off society in an all round way by 2020. china ’ s major foreign policy challenge pertaining to the united states lies in generating responsible strategic policies that in demonstrated performance do not induce strategic uneasiness in the united states or to its allies to which it is committed to in the western pacific. nepal ’ s greatest challenge : it is evident that nepal ’ s immediate neighbors ’ preoccupation in the twenty first century seems to be finding a right strategy to deal with the sole superpower, the us. it is needless to state that they have a larger role and responsibility in securing a peaceful and stable environment in their region. for sustaining their stupendous economic growth, they will be competing against each other for energy and markets under a stable regional environment. this necessitates that both need to cooperate at a certain level. it is all the more essential that smaller neighbors of the asian region like nepal maintained friendly and harmonious relations with both countries as their interest can be easily compromised when these giants find commonality in their larger interest. owing to a transition phase in the formulation of foreign policy measures of both india and china, the situation is extremely volatile and sensitive. any slip up by smaller countries in the region in their relations with these regional powers could extract a heavy price endangering national sovereignty. for countries like nepal, owing to its geopolitical situation ( often considered as a buffer state between its two giant neighbors, india and china ), scope and ability to play an effective role in international relations is greatly restricted. as things are, diplomacy should be the viable option for advancing nepal ’ s relations with its neighbors as well as the rest of the world for safeguarding its national interest including enhancing socio - economic development of the nation. of the four major instruments ( fifth one, namely imperialism and colonialism, has become out of context today and thus not considered for now ) for the promotion of national interests outlined in most textbooks, it is hardly possible for countries like nepal to think ‘ war as an instrument ’ or use ‘ economic instrument ’ or get into ‘ propaganda and political warfare as instruments ’. given the present context, viable option would be to work on ‘ diplomacy ’ as an instrument of national policy before getting into the discussion of the appropriateness of diplomacy for exercising nepal ’ s foreign policy, it might be worthwhile to digress a