login to read world pork production is back on track to set new records for its annual volume after a period of pauses in growth. on figures from the food and agriculture organization ( fao ) of the united nations, the quantity of pork produced globally reached around 106. 5 million metric tons in 2009 and seems likely to total between 108. 5 - 109 million tons this year. see in our accompanying figure 1 how these estimates and forecasts fit with the pattern seen since 1990. the peak output in any year had been 103. 5 million tons in 2005, before the new high recorded in 2009. but see also figure 2, extracted from a bulletin by the foreign agricultural service of the united states department of agriculture ( usda ). it confirms the contrasting trends that are being observed between annual production in china, as the world ’ s largest single pork - producing country, and all other producers globally. our data analysis last year had blamed the turmoil then occurring in world economies as complicating any attempt to forecast the outlook for meat. to prove the point since then, even the estimates of recent production have needed to be revised. we already knew that global output in 2006 and 2007 had been over - estimated. it now seems that a total of 280 million metric tons of all meats was produced worldwide in 2008 and that this increased slightly in 2009, to about 281. 5 million tons. this would mean pork accounted for 37. 8 % of last year ’ s all - meats total ( up from almost 37. 3 % the year before ), compared with 32. 6 % for poultry meat ( down marginally from 32. 8 % ) and 22. 8 % for beef / ruminant ( down from a previous 23. 2 % ). in 2007, on fao data, approximately 36 % of world meat output had been in the form of pork, compared with nearly 33 % for poultry and nearly 24 % for beef. the pattern of production country by country for the 20 largest national producers of pork is shown in table 1, taken from our database. as usual, it compares the position of each country on the lists for 2009 and 2000. worth noting, however, are the positional changes that have occurred since the 2008 list. russia moves up because of its expanded output, for example, while denmark and italy swap places and korea has moved to a lower position. after the cost difficulties presented to producers everywhere by the record - high feed grain prices of 2007, the question for pork since 2008 has been whether the demand for the meat


example, while denmark and italy swap places and korea has moved to a lower position. after the cost difficulties presented to producers everywhere by the record - high feed grain prices of 2007, the question for pork since 2008 has been whether the demand for the meat from consumers would be affected severely by the widespread economic crisis and by the mis - naming of a variant h1n1 influenza virus, suggesting that it was transmitted by pigs. in particular, any significant alteration in sales would be reflected in the trade between countries. table 1 - - - recently updated on the strength of new fao figures - - - could give part of the answer, where it suggests that imports / exports of pork did indeed slow last year. however, it also spotlights swings in output for the various world regions. table 2 : changes in regional production and trade the asia - pacific area is shown to have produced 6 % more pork in 2009 than in 2008. europe recorded virtually a standstill year by producing only 0. 7 % less than previously. in north america there was also a reduction, but of 1. 4 % - - - the same rate of cutback recorded for africa. but latin america ’ s production was down by almost 9. 1 %. although exports of pork apparently fell back in 2009, a graph compiled by the food and agriculture research institute ( fapri ) in the us ( figure 3 ) makes clear that this was a correction in line with longer - term trends. fapri ’ s graph also advises that a more normal pattern of world trade will return this year while the volume of pork produced globally continues to rise. figure 4 has been extracted from the same source as a reminder of who are the major exporters of the meat. on this analysis, therefore, the european union has exported more pork in the past five years than any other country or trading bloc. a view from within the european union has been given by a european commission document in which recent changes to the size of the eu - 27 pig sector were described as a continuation of structural adjustments at an accelerated pace. producers had relatively low feed costs last year, it added, but the average price at €1. 41 ( us $ 1. 74 ) per kilogram carcase weight was 1. 2 euros less than in 2008. prices struggled to be stronger because of an upset in trade flows in and out of the union, it said. exporting pork became more difficult not only due to a removal of export refunds that had helped sales rise by 34 % in 2008, but also because


to be stronger because of an upset in trade flows in and out of the union, it said. exporting pork became more difficult not only due to a removal of export refunds that had helped sales rise by 34 % in 2008, but also because of currency devaluations in several countries including russia, and enhanced competition from north america in trying to sell to japan. the overall result was a 19 % reduction for eu exports to non - member countries in 2009. this contraction especially concerned shipments to japan ( lower by 21 % ), to korea ( down by 18 % ) and to hong kong ( reduced by 11 % ). according to fapri, the outlook is for the european union to lose market share in the pork export business in the coming years. the institute said a period of decline is in prospect for europe ’ s export sales, commenting that “ the long - term competitiveness of the eu is not very promising, given its strict animal welfare and environmental regulations ”. the suggested winners in terms of export market share are named as brazil and the usa. it projects, by the year 2019, a gain of 13. 2 percentage points for the us share and of 4. 4 points for percentage held by brazil. however, canada ’ s share is seen as decreasing by 6. 4 percentage points. new employee will develop, manage marketing of foodservice equipment, products willardsen to be replaced by president of cargill salt growth can be achieved during times of weak consumer demand the study analyzes the costs and benefits of surgical castration alternatives through the whole eu pig meat chain. the industry and the food supply chain need to educate consumers on the welfare standards already in place. - - - thank you for your patience - - - - if you have any issues logging in or any other need feel free to contact us.


interface with computers using gestures of the human body, typically hand movements. in gesture recognition technology, a camera reads the movements of the human body and communicates the data to a computer that uses the gestures as input to control devices or applications. for example, a person clapping his hands together in front of a camera can produce the sound of cymbals being crashed together when the gesture is fed through a computer. one way gesture recognition is being used is to help the physically impaired to interact with computers, such as interpreting sign language. the technology also has the potential to change the way users interact with computers by eliminating input devices such as joysticks, mice and keyboards and allowing the unencumbered body to give signals to the computer through gestures such as finger pointing. unlike haptic interfaces, gesture recognition does not require the user to wear any special equipment or attach any devices to the body. the gestures of the body are read by a camera instead of sensors attached to a device such as a data glove. in addition to hand and body movement, gesture recognition technology also can be used to read facial and speech expressions ( i. e., lip reading ), and eye movements. featured partners sponsored - increase worker productivity, enhance data security, and enjoy greater energy savings. find out how. download the “ ultimate desktop simplicity kit ” now. » - find out which 10 hardware additions will help you maintain excellent service and outstanding security for you and your customers. » - server virtualization is growing in popularity, but the technology for securing it lags. to protect your virtual network. » - before you implement a private cloud, find out what you need to know about automated delivery, virtual sprawl, and more. »


quintana roo, officially free and sovereign state of quintana roo, is one of the 31 states which, with the federal district, comprise the 32 federal entities of mexico. it is divided in 10 municipalities and its capital city is chetumal. it is located in southeastern mexico, on the eastern part of the yucatan peninsula. it is bordered by the states of yucatan to the northwest and campeche to the west. to the north, quintana roo borders the gulf of mexico and to the south, belize. it also claims territory which gives it a small border with guatemala in the southwest of the state, although this disputed area is also claimed by campeche. quintana roo is home of the world famous city of cancun, the islands of cozumel and isla mujeres, the towns of bacalar, playa del carmen and akumal, as well as the ancient maya ruins of chacchoben, coba, kohunlich, muyil, tulum, xel - ha, and xcaret. the sian ka ' an biosphere reserve is also in the state. the state officially covers an area of, but since 1997 there is a boundary dispute with the states of yucatan and campeche over an area of approximately. the statewide population is expanding at a rapid rate due to the construction of hotels and the demand for workers. many immigrants come from yucatan, campeche, tabasco, and veracruz. the state is frequently hit by severe hurricanes due to its exposed location, the most recent and severe being hurricane dean in 2007, making landfall with sustained winds of 280 km / h ( 175 mph ), with gusts up to 320 km / h ( 200 mph ). the area that makes up modern quintana roo was long part of yucatan, sharing its history. with the caste war of yucatan starting in the 1840s, all non - natives were driven from the region and the independent maya nation of chan santa cruz was centered on what is now the town of felipe carrillo puerto. quintana roo was made a territory of mexico by decree of president porfirio diaz on november 24, 1902. it was named after an early patriot of the mexican republic, andres quintana roo. the mexican army succeeded in defeating most of the maya population of the region during the 1910s, and in 1915 the area was again declared to be legally part of the state of yucatan. quintana roo was granted statehood within the united mexican


presentation a – “ the activity badge game ” ( for use with cub scouts & parents ) presentation a – “ the activity badge game ” ( for use with : cub scouts & parents ) for this presentation you will need three clipboards, paper, pens and / or markers as well as a timer. the unit friends of scouting coordinator, or another adult leader in the unit, should make a brief introduction and then turn the podium or microphone over to the presenter. good morning / afternoon / evening, my name is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. i am a volunteer with the local boy scout program, just like the leaders are here in your pack / troop / crew. i am here this evening to talk briefly to the parents here about friends of scouting, your opportunity to invest in the future of scouting in our community. now before we get started i am going to need some help from the leaders and parents here, what i am going to need is three teams. ( select teams – quickly! ) i am going to ask a question and you will be given a set amount of time to list as many answers to that question as possible, each correct answer will equal one point, the team with the most points will win the round. the team with the most winning rounds will be the champions. question # 1 : badges and recognition pins have been part of the scouting program from its earliest days. in webelos scouts can earn activity badges ( pins ) – name as many of those badges as possible. question # 2 : in boy scouts, scouts can earn merit badges – name as many of those as possible. question # 3 : list as many outings as you can remember where your scout earned some kind of badge or recognition. ( after each question, ask them to read their lists, add up points each round has a winner, after three rounds clap for the winning team and then ask them to sit. ) you listed activity badges and merit badges such as : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. earning those badges are a lot of fun aren ’ t they? now i ’ d like the scouts to cover your ears. ( in sort of a forced whisper ) but not only are they fun, but the badges also teach them things. we teach them to obey their parents, their teachers and the rules. we teach them to play nice with others especially with brothers and sisters. we teach them that their family is important and that they are important to their family. we teach them that homework


we teach them to obey their parents, their teachers and the rules. we teach them to play nice with others especially with brothers and sisters. we teach them that their family is important and that they are important to their family. we teach them that homework can be fun and bring them rewards. okay you can uncover your ears. see what they want to know is that scouting is fun, we want you to know that scouting is important. scouting is not something they do, it ’ s something they are. scouting makes for stronger families, better communities, and more successful lives. scouting teaches life skills. and while life skills isn ’ t one of the 127 merit badges currently offered by the boy scouts of america, but life skills are what young people take away from earning any scout badge! but don ’ t just take my word for it. let me show you what time magazine discovered in a survey they did. the folks at time magazine talked with thousands of scouts and this is what they discovered : for every 100 boys who join scouting : - 1 will save a person ’ s life with the information he learned through scouting - 1 will save his own life with the information he learned through scouting - 2 will become medical professionals - 10 will have their first exposure to organized religion - 2 will become active leaders in their church or synagogue - 10 will discover a career or lifetime hobby from the merit badge program - 2 will join law enforcement - 1 will become a fire fighter - 4 will earn the eagle scout rank - 16 will return to scouting as adult volunteers as you can see from these statistics badges are more than just an important part of the uniform and insignia – each badge exists to encourage scouts to explore areas that interest them and to teach them valuable skills. many times, these experiences lead to careers and lifelong hobbies. this afternoon we are going to ask you to consider making a gift to help support scouting locally. in the westmoreland fayette council we spend about $ 125 per scout, above and beyond registration fees, camp fees and event registration fees, to just to maintain the current program. we want to do more for your children. we want to offer the best scouting experience possible, offering them the chance to earn as many badges as possible. the westmoreland fayette council helps to provide training, professional program support, operates three camps : tenacharison, camp conestoga and camp buck run, provides camporees, activities, operates a store where you can purchase supplies and much more. once a year we ask that you make a pledge of


support, operates three camps : tenacharison, camp conestoga and camp buck run, provides camporees, activities, operates a store where you can purchase supplies and much more. once a year we ask that you make a pledge of financial support for the westmoreland fayette council so that we can continue to deliver and improve the quality activities, opportunities and personal growth that is today ’ s scouting. please pick up the brochure that is in front of you. just follow the directions by printing your name and address, enter the amount you would like to pledge for 2012 and sign the card. you can also chose when you would like to receive your pledge invoice, so there is no need to pay tonight. you can honor your pledge in the form of a check cash or credit card. it is just that easy. i realize that every family has their own unique financial resources and responsibilities. you do not have to participate in order for you child to enjoy all the benefits of scouting. but every dollar allows us to do more for every scout today and for scouts to come in the future. please take a few minutes to complete those forms now. as a way to say thank you for supporting the council everyone who pledges $ 125 or more will get this handsome badge to wear on their uniform ( hold up patch ). additionally, your unit will benefit from your pledge ( pull out unit poster ). if your unit raises _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ amount in pledges this evening, or has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ number of families participant the council will provide free rank advancement to your unit for the next twelve months! ( if key volunteers from the unit made a donation at a kick - off or prior to the start of the meeting, color in the graphs. hold up the graph and show them how close they are ) ( give them a minute to complete pledge cards ) scouting is a proud program with over 100 years of success stories. since we have been talking about badges this afternoon i thought it would be good to mention that periodically we change the design, name, and availability of badges depending on their popularity, shifts in the focus of the program, and changes in society. therefore, even in this every changing world, scouting continues to maintain its relevance! at this time i would like you to pass the envelope that is laying at the end of each table around, feel free to place your pledge cards, any checks and even cash donations into that envelope – we will collect those and i will


new rope bridges helping to save endangered golden langurs in india22 / 11 / 2012 23 : 19 : 46 connecting canopies - ropeways to save the endangered langurs - courtesy of the wildlife trust of of india november 2012 : as humans make an ever increasing indelible mark on the work, wildlife is constricted into smaller and small, and more and more fragmented habitats. in a few places, some allowance is now being made for the needs of wildlife when major obstacles are constructed. wildlife over and under passes are becoming more common on major roads, fish ladders have been around for many years, and ropeways, already in use in africa and australia, have now been installed in a small corner of india to allow endangered golden langurs to cross a large highway. golden langurs - endemic to the indo - bhutan region, have been using ropeways to safely cross a 500 - m stretch of road near chakrasila wildlife sanctuary ( wls ). the stretch of road had claimed numerous golden langurs in the last few years, but since the installation of the ropeways in january this 2012, no death due to accidents on the road has been reported. on the northern boundary of chakrasila, the 500 - m road separates the sanctuary from plantation forests used by the resident langurs as an extension of their habitat. the langurs were compelled to descend on to the ground and cross the road risking accidents, attacks by feral dogs or even poaching. " golden langurs are essentially arboreal and are not agile on ground. what we know is that there were 10 cases of these magnificent animals killed in this stretch since 2005 as per our records. who knows how many cases went undetected, or how many other individuals lost to other causes due to this fragmentation, " said dr bhaskar choudhury of the international fund for animal welfare - wildlife trust of india ( ifaw - wti ). as part of their greater manas conservation project, the bodoland authorities and ifaw - wti initiated a rapid action project ( rap ) in january this year to help save the langurs. ropeways of bamboo and ropes were created and strategically placed between canopies of trees in areas regularly used by the langurs to cross over. these ropeways were placed at a height of 60 m from the ground. " initially, understandably the langurs hesitated to use these bridges. but now they appear to have been habituated and are frequently seen to use them, " said dr panjit bas


dinosaurs dying at the end of the cretaceous period. volcanism is thought to be one of the main causes of the dinosaurs dying out. click on image for full size courtesy of nsf k - t extinction ( why did the dinosaurs go extinct? ) why did the dinosaurs go extinct? no one knows for sure, but there are some explanations that seem to make sense. at the time the dinosaurs and lots of other species died out ( which is sometimes called the k - t extinction ), there were lots of active volcanos on earth. there were also some large asteroids or comets that struck the earth around then. together, volcanos and asteroid impacts may have thrown dust into the atmosphere, blocking sunlight and making it very hard for the dinosaurs to survive. other things might have helped cause the dinosaurs ’ extinction. we know that the atmosphere and the oceans both went through large changes at the end of the cretaceous period, and the earth ' s climate probably changed a lot, too. scientists around the world are still doing research in order to test different theories and try to learn what made the dinosaurs go extinct. shop windows to the universe science store! our online store includes issues of nesta ' s quarterly journal, the earth scientist, full of classroom activities on different topics in earth and space science, as well as books on science education! you might also be interested in : being a scientist is fun. you get to do experiments and think of reasons why things might be happening a certain way. being a scientist is also hard work. after a scientist comes up with a reason why something... more for decades, scientists have known that an enormous space rock crashed into the ocean off the yucatan peninsula more than 65 million years ago, resulting in the the k - pg extinction. we know that more than... more many scientists have thought for years that the dinosaurs went extinct because an asteroid hit earth near mexico in a place called chicxulub and caused big changes in the earth ’ s climate. now, scientists... more the archean is the name of the age which began with the forming earth. this period of earth ' s history lasted a long time, 2. 8 billion years! that is more than half the expected age of the earth! and no... more we all know that today ocean waters are very salty. there aren ' t many sedimentary rocks older than 2. 5 billion years ( see geologic time ) that means that there must have been mostly igneous rocks at the... more this period of


during the week of may 13th, the co2 level at the mauna loa observatory in hawaii topped 400 ppm repeatedly. daily levels of co2 can vary due to weather, and there are seasonal trends as well. the level of atmospheric greenhouse gases continues to increase, now over 120 ppm since the industrial revolution began. for more on the keeling curve, see http : / / keelingcurve. ucsd. edu /. find out more about greenhouse gases and warming. the week of may 19 brings dozens of tornadoes to tornado alley in the states of oklahoma, kansas, iowa, illinois and missouri. on may 20th, a massive tornado struck moore, oklahoma, devastating communities - destroying over 100 homes and hitting two elementary schools and a hospital - with many casualties and deaths. our thoughts are with our friends and colleagues suffering from these storms. for more on the may 20th storms, see the noaa storm prediction center storm report. did you know that individuals donit evolve, but populations do? did you know that the japanese god susanowo was the god of the sea and storms, and that he had a terrible temper? earth and space science concept of the day do you know what this word or phrase means? xdip - slip fault : dip - slip faults are inclined fractures where the blocks have mostly shifted vertically. if the rock mass above an inclined fault moves down, the fault is termed normal, whereas if the rock above the fault moves up, the fault is termed reverse. tiny variations in the isotopic composition of silver in meteorites and earth rocks are helping scientists put together a timetable of how our planet was assembled, beginning 4. 568 billion years ago. results... read more


there ’ s a song on bob dylan ’ s 1989 album “ unplugged ” named “ dignity, ” which is a lyrical search for honor, worth, and self - respect. ” lookin ’ into the last forgotten years … for dignity. ” the question has been addressed often : why has respect for the office of president of the united states deteriorated? several reasons stand out. media coverage has become bold and intrusive, in the faces of political figures, since advanced technology has become nearly limitless, satiating the public ’ s hunger for scandal. during teddy roosevelt ’ s presidency, in the early 1900s, came the expansion of white house power, a closer, more personal look by u. s. citizens at an activist “ celebrity president, ” the center of national attention. the human nature of an individual who travels and campaigns extensively soon seeps through their very public persona, revealing their faults, weaknesses, and indiscretions. what was the fate of the most hated u. s. president, richard m. nixon? after a five - year, post - watergate exile, he emerged from seclusion as a self - named “ elder statesman. ” in july of 1979 he and wife pat had attempted to purchase a nine - room penthouse in new york city for $ 1 million. the other 34 residents in an uproar, he was turned down flat. “ nixon was in constant danger from a multitude of would - be assassins who wanted the honor of taking him down, ” steven gaines writes in his true chronicle “ the sky ’ s the limit, ” from which i found this account. sacrificing a $ 92, 500 deposit, nixon was turned away from yet another n. y. city condominium by would - be neighbors. the nixons spent several unhappy years in a new york townhouse before pat ’ s death. nixon passed away, in exile from american citizens, in yorba linda, california, in april 1994. early presidents rarely spoke directly to the public. ( president clinton delivered 600 speeches in his first year in office. ) from “ reason, ” a libertarian journal, author gene healy states, “ the modern vision of the presidency couldn ’ t be further from the view of the chief executive ’ s role held by the framers of the constitution. in an age long before distrust of power was condemned as cynicism, the founding fathers designed a presidency of modest authority and limited responsibilities. ” the expansion of white house power was brought about by crisis situations, namely two world wars


of the constitution. in an age long before distrust of power was condemned as cynicism, the founding fathers designed a presidency of modest authority and limited responsibilities. ” the expansion of white house power was brought about by crisis situations, namely two world wars and the great depression, when people panicked, consigning social power to one person. “ by the end of his twelve - year reign, fdr had firmly established the president as a national protector and nurturer. ” in the 21st century, what or who has bestowed george w. bush with so much power? healy answers that question handily. in essence, members of the president ’ s legal team created an alternative version of the national charter, “ in which the president has unlimited power to launch war, wiretap without judicial scrutiny, ” and seize and hold american citizens on american soil for the duration of the war on terror “ without having to answer to a judge. ” ouch! although few in the media noted it, the bush administration was also granted enhanced authority for domestic use of the military. healy notes, “ no president should have the powers president bush has sought and seized in the past seven years. ” power and leadership are not one and the same. was it flimsy leadership, for instance, that led to 42 % of u. s. adults below age 65 to be underinsured or uninsured for health care coverage in 2007? how about the average mortgage debt for a typical u. s. household now at $ 84, 911 ; home equity loans of $ 10, 062 ; and credit card debts averaging $ 8, 565? ( figures from aarp bulletin. ) gene healy ’ s article “ supreme warlord of the earth, ” in october ’ s utne magazine, is very cogent. “ the constitution ’ s architects never conceived of the president as the person in charge of national destiny, ” he concludes. how did we, citizens of the united states of america, get from humble grass root ’ dignity, devotion to god and country, and liberty and justice for all to extravagant and ruthless political campaigns and distrust in our leaders? how much more debt can a nation endure before the walls come tumbling down? ( i wrote this before the stock market debacle. ) that ’ s a circumstance beyond my capacity to comment on. janet burns lives in lewiston. she can be reached at email @ example. com.


american heritage® dictionary of the english language, fourth edition - adj. pollinated by insects. century dictionary and cyclopedia - literally, insect - loving : applied to flowers in which, on account of their structure, fertilization can ordinarily be effected only by the visits of insects. - in phytogeography, parasitic on insects : said of a class of fungi. gnu webster ' s 1913 - adj. ( bot. ) fertilized by the agency of insects ; - - said of plants in which the pollen is carried to the stigma by insects. - adj. of flowering plants ( especially orchids etc ) that are pollinated by insects “ relationship between flowering time and fruit set of the entomophilous alpine shrub, ' ' rhododendron aureum ' ' ( ericaceae ), inhabiting snow patches. ” “ on the other hand, the slender filaments, versatile anthers, powdery pollen, and elongated protogynous style are features of other species indicating anemophily ; while the presence of a degraded corolla shows its ancestors to have been entomophilous. ” “ _ poterium sanguisorba _ is anemophilous ; and _ sanguisorba officinalis _ presumably was so formerly, but has reacquired an entomophilous habit ; the whole tribe poterieae being, in fact, a degraded group which has descended from potentilleae. ” “ mr. allen maintains that " insects are bright where bright flowers exist in numbers, and dull where flowers are rare or inconspicuous ; " and he urges that " we can hardly explain this wide coincidence otherwise than by supposing that a taste for colour is produced through the constant search for food among entomophilous blossoms, and that this taste has reacted upon its possessors through the action of unconscious sexual selection. ” “ gramineae among monocotyledons may be ranked with amentiferae among dicotyledons, as representing orders which have retrograded very far from the entomophilous forms from which they were possibly and probably descended " ( p. 266 ). ” “ _ p. media _, therefore, illustrates, not a primitive entomophilous condition, but a return to it ; just as is the case with _ sanguisorba officinalis _ and _ salix caprea _ ; but these show no


_, therefore, illustrates, not a primitive entomophilous condition, but a return to it ; just as is the case with _ sanguisorba officinalis _ and _ salix caprea _ ; but these show no capacity of restoring the corolla, the attractive features having to be borne by the calyx, which is purplish in sanguisorba, by the pink filaments of plantago, and by the yellow anthers in the sallow willow ” “ the genus plantago, like _ thalictrum minus _, poterium, and others, well illustrate the change from an entomophilous to the anemophilous state. ” these user - created lists contain the word ‘ entomophilous ’. list of words containing the string phil -, - phil -, - phil, or - phile, such as philopatry, bibliophile, and neutrophil. greek : φιλια / φιλος, φιλια - / φιλο - love, loving, love of, fondness for, at... a hodgepodge, jumble, jambalaya, * gallimaufry, circus and tent revival of plant anatomy and morphology terms and phrases - its a big tent, and no tickets are required. a roster of adjectives that infrequently surface in typical conversation and writing. many are dredged from scientific or other technical jargon or sieved from examples of disused archaic forms. words that describe ' shunning ' or ' drawn to ' behavior, mostly of plants and animals. looking for tweets for entomophilous.


american heritage® dictionary of the english language, fourth edition - adj. causing fermentation. - adj. capable of causing or undergoing fermentation. - adj. relating to or of the nature of fermentation. century dictionary and cyclopedia - causing or having power to cause fermentation. - of the nature of, consisting in, or produced by fermentation. - also fermentive. - adj. of, pertaining to, causing or undergoing fermentation gnu webster ' s 1913 - adj. causing, or having power to cause, fermentation ; produced by fermentation ; fermenting. “ flour, when well boiled, though infinitely better than arrowroot, is still only a kind of fermentative paste, that counteracts its own good by after - acidity and flatulence. ” “ it is much easier to conceive from this doctrine of associated or sympathetic motions of distant parts of the system, how it happens, that the variolous infection can be received but once, as before explained ; than by supposing, that a change is effected in the mass of blood by any kind of fermentative process. ” “ they have a rumen hence, ruminant, the first in a series of multiple stomachs that acts as a fermentative vat. ” “ essences can be divided according to these activities : antispasmodic or spasmolytic, stimulatory, hormonal and anti - fermentative. ” “ many people have the personal experience of the anti - putrefactive and anti - fermentative uses of certain essential oil - producing plants such as funnel, coriander and anise, which are especially effective remedies against such complaints as gastritis and colitis. ” “ as for what i am, i ' m a non - fermentative gram negative rod, like my buddy pseudomonas. ” “ you can call me a non - fermentative rod, meaning i don ' t ferment glucose. ” “ the albuminoids or nitrogenous substances are of the nature of white of egg ; and, when in small proportion, are necessary for the due performance of the fermentative process. ” “ the temperature of the must soon begins to rise, and the fermentative agencies break up its glucose into alcohol and carbonic acid gas. ” “ prote


the philippines had suffered under the japanese occupation. a highly effective guerilla campaign controlled sixty percent of the islands, mostly jungle and mountain areas. macarthur had supplied them by submarine, and sent reinforcements and officers. filipinos remained loyal to the united states, partly because of the american guarantee of independence, and also because the japanese had pressed large numbers of filipinos into work details and even put young filipino women into brothels. macarthur returned to the philippines in force on october 20, 1944. he waded in with philippine president sergio osmena, restaging the landing a second time for the newsreel cameras. the us army forces met resistance, but steadily advanced, until the landings at ormoc on december 7, 1944. most of the fighting was at sea during the battle of leyte gulf. ormoc saw the widespread use of kamikazes while the americans ran into fortified positions and heavy artillery. macarthur fought north through the philippines all through the fall of 1944, reaching manila and the main island of luzon in january 1945. the initial landing in lingayen gulf was unopposed, sparing the japanese a prolonged bombardment as they retreated inland. the japanese had a network of caves, pillboxes, and artillery. the defenders hoped to prevent an invasion of the home islands by offering a stiff resistance in the philippines.


the german aircraft industry excelled in producing efficient aircraft for high altitude reconnaissance duties and pioneered the use of aircraft specifically designed for the ground attack role. the albatros c. xii was a german military reconnaissance aircraft which saw service during the late period of world war i. it differed markedly from previous albatros c - type aircraft by adopting an elliptical - section fuselage similar to that of the albatros d. v. the c. xii also featured a tailplane of reduced area, but it retained the wings of the earlier albatros c. x. the aircraft was powered by a single 260 hp ( 190 kw ) mercedes d. iva, inline water - cooled engine. the aircraft ' s armament consisted of : a single 0. 312 in ( 7. 92 mm ) " spandau " lmg 08 / 15 machine gun, fixed downward, and a single trainable 0. 312 in ( 7. 92 mm ) parabellum mg14 machine gun in the observer ' s cockpit the albatros c. xii was a sleek aircraft with clean lines. despite the aerodynamic advantages of the design, there was no significant increase in performance achieved over the c. x. examples remained in service until the end of the war. the albatros c. xv was a german military reconnaissance aircraft developed during world war i. it was essentially a refinement of the c. xii put into production in 1918. the war ended before any examples became operational, however some found their way into civilian hands and flew as transport aircraft in peacetime under the factory designation l 47. others saw service with the air forces of russia, turkey, and latvia. the halberstadt cl. iv was one of the most effective ground attack aircraft of world war i, relying on its good maneuverability to avoid ground fire. it appeared on the western front towards the end of the german offensives in 1918. karl thies, chief designer of the halberstadter flugzeugwerke, g. m. b. h., designed the cl. iv as a replacement for the cl. ii, which was very successful in harassing allied troops. purpose of an improved version was to create a superior ground attack aircraft. the new cl. iv featured a shorter, strengthened fuselage and a horizontal stabilizer of greater span and higher aspect ratio than that of the cl. ii. these changes, along with a one - piece, horn - balanced elevator, gave the cl. iv much greater maneuverability than the cl. ii. after tests were


stabilizer of greater span and higher aspect ratio than that of the cl. ii. these changes, along with a one - piece, horn - balanced elevator, gave the cl. iv much greater maneuverability than the cl. ii. after tests were completed of the prototype in april 1918, at least 450 were ordered from halberstadt, and an additional 250 aircraft from a subcontractor, lfg ( roland ). as with the cl. ii, the cl. iv was powered by a single 160 hp ( 120 kw ), 6 cylinder in - line, watercooled mercedes aircraft engine. the aircraft was armed with a fixed forward - firing 0. 312 in ( 7. 92 mm ) lmg 08 / 15 “ spandau ” synchronized machine gun, and a single trainable 0. 312 in ( 7. 92 mm ) “ parabellum ” mg14 machine gun, on a ring mount in the observer ' s cockpit. the halberstadt c. v was a german single - engined photo - reconnaissance biplane designed by karl theis. the c. v was built by halberstadter flugzeugwerke g. m. b. h. the first flight was in march of 1918, it proved very manoeuverable and superior to other type aircraft in its class. the c. v entered service in late 1918 where it saw limited service with the luftstreitkrafte during the final months of the war. the c. v was developed as a refinement of the halberstadt c. iii. the aircraft was fitted with a more powerful supercharged 160 kw ( 220 hp ) benz bz. iv engine modified for high altitude flying by raising the compression in the cylinders. armament consisted of a foreward firing 0. 312 in ( 7. 92 mm ) lmg 08 / 15 machine gun operated by the pilot, and a trainable parabellum machine gun operated by the observer. it could also carry up to 110 pounds ( 50kgs ) of bombs. initially a 250mm camera was mounted in the observer ' s cockpit floor. an electrical generator driven by the engine powered heated flying suits worn by the crew, and radio equipment. the design was not without a problematic safety issue. take offs and especially landings could be dangerous due to the c. v ' s very short fuselage length and a lack of structural strength in the undercarriage struts. because of the short fuselage, the aircraft had a tendency to bounce when landing damaging the undercarriage


especially landings could be dangerous due to the c. v ' s very short fuselage length and a lack of structural strength in the undercarriage struts. because of the short fuselage, the aircraft had a tendency to bounce when landing damaging the undercarriage which could collapse and in some cases flip the aircraft over. in spite of this flaw the pilots who flew the aircraft, liked it very much. they were willing to trade off the risky landings for the c. v ' s excellent flight characteristics and the protection provided by the deep fuselage sides. the design provided a good visibility an field of fire for the observer mounted parabellum machine gun. late in the war one halberstadt c. v was captured in estonia. the aircraft was modified for use as a float plane and operated by the estonian air force in 1919. a single c. v ( s / no. 3471 / 18 ) survives at the musee royal de l ' armee et d ' histoire militaire in brussels, belgium. the junkers cl. i was a ground - attack monoplaine aircraft developed in germany during world war i. its construction was undertaken by junkers under the designation j 8. as proof of hugo junkers ' belief in the monoplane, after his firm had been required by the idflieg to submit a biplane ( the j 4 ) as its entry in a competition to select a ground - attack aircraft. the j 8 design took the j 7 fighter as its starting point, but had a longer fuselage to accommodate a tail gunner, and larger wings. the prototype flew in late 1917 and was followed over the next few months by three more development aircraft. the idflieg was sufficiently impressed to want to order the type, but had misgivings about junkers ' ability to manufacture the aircraft in quantity and considered asking linke - hoffmann to produce the type under licence. finally, however, junkers was allowed to undertake the manufacture as part of a joint venture with fokker, producing a slightly modified version of the j 8 design as the j 10. like the other junkers designs of the period, the aircraft featured a metal framework that was skinned with corrugated duralumin sheets. 47 examples were delivered before the armistice, including three built as floatplanes under the designation cls. i ( factory designation j 11 ). after the war, one or two cl. is were converted for commercial service by enclosing the rear cockpit under a canopy. lvg c. vi was a german two - seat reconnaissance and artillery spotting


i ( factory designation j 11 ). after the war, one or two cl. is were converted for commercial service by enclosing the rear cockpit under a canopy. lvg c. vi was a german two - seat reconnaissance and artillery spotting aircraft used during world war i. the aircraft was designed by willy sabersky - mussigbrodt and developed by luft - verkehrs - gesellschaft ( lvg ) in 1917. the c. vi was a further development of the c. v, which sabersky - mussigbrodt had made for his former employer dfw. it was lighter, smaller and aerodynamically refined, although its fuselage seemed more bulky. it was a biplane of mixed, mostly wooden construction. it featured a semi - monocoque fuselage, plywood covered. rectangular wings of wooden and metal construction, canvas covered. upper wing of slightly greater span, shifted some 25 cm ( 10 in ) towards front. vertical fin plywood covered, rudder and elevators of metal frame canvas covered, stabilizers ( tailplanes ) of wooden frame canvas covered. straight uncovered engine in the fuselage nose, with a chimney - like exhaust pipe. two - blade benz wooden propeller, 2. 88 m ( 9. 45 ft ) diameter. flat water radiator in central section of upper wing. fixed conventional landing gear, with a straight common axle and a rear skid. aircraft were equipped with a radio ( morse send only ) ; transmissions were by means of an antenna which could be lowered below the aircraft when needed. the crew had parachutes and heated flying suits. a total of 1, 100 aircraft of the type were manufactured. most lvg c. vis were used by the german military aviation in last operations of world war i, mostly on western front, for close reconnaissance and observation. after the war, deutsche luft - reederei ( dlr ) used several c. vis to provide mail and passenger transport service. the polish air force used several aircraft during polish - soviet war ( the first was left by the germans, another was completed from parts in 1920, and several were bought abroad ). suomen ilmailuliikenne oy purchased two c. vis from a swedish airline in 1923. the company went bankrupt in 1922, but would be a predecessor to aero o / y, in turn a predecessor of finnair. the finnish air force purchased two aircraft. one was destroyed in a spin in santahamina in 1923. the other was used until the end of 1924


architecture in ancient china for most visitors to china, sightseeing means a daily encounter with chinese architecture of one type or another ranging from temples through gardens, mausoleum, pagodas, imperial palaces to residential houses. the forbidden city in beijing best exemplifies the elements of palace architecture. imposing buildings, like the three great halls of harmony, stand well - spaced along the central axis. facing south and rising from a terrace, these buildings represent the supreme power and authority emperors enjoyed during the feudalistic dynasties. the living accormdations of the imperial dfamily are found at the back of the city. clustered around the great halls at a distance are numerous smaller buildillgs where the more influential eunuches and concubines were locked in struggle for power and influence. to the south of the forbidden city is the temple of heaven, an exquisite example of what foreigners might call religious architecture, for it was here that the emperor would go twice a year to carry out ritual ceremonies of sacrifice, expressing gratitude to heaven for the previous harvest and praying for the next harvest. constructed without the use of a single nail, the round 39 - meter - high hall of prayer for good harvests has a three - tier roof, whose tiles are painted deop blue, symbolizing the colour of heaven. the roof is supported by 28 pillars, of which the four most massive ones represent the four seasons. the double ring consisting of two circles of twelve pillars represent the 12 months, plus the traditional divisions of the chinese day, each comprising of two hours. visitors who see chinese buildings will invariably notice the extensive use of timber as a building material in addition to bricks and tiles. that is because timber was not only easily available and transportable but also was very practical. heavy posts are capable of carrying the roof while the wood could be carved for decoration and embellishment. after all, who would fail to be impressed by the highly elaborate decorations and embellishments in those buildings? pagdas are as much a part of chinese scenery as churches are in england. tall or low, massive or slender, pagodas dot china ' s landscape as evidence of buddhist influence on and merge with chinese culture. the oldest existing pagoda, also built of wood, is located in yingxian county in north shanxi. that the 67. l3 meter - high pagoda should have survived all the vicissitudes of life for more than 900 years, including some strong earthquakes, was a miracle. because it is out of the way, most visitors do


shanxi. that the 67. l3 meter - high pagoda should have survived all the vicissitudes of life for more than 900 years, including some strong earthquakes, was a miracle. because it is out of the way, most visitors do not see this pagoda. more frequently visited pagodas are the great wild goose pagoda in xi ' an, the pagoda of six harmonies in hangzhou, and the forest of pagodas near shaolin monastery in henan, central china, to name just a few. what is it that gives china ' s building unmistakable chinese characteristics? it is the ombination of the massive, often curved roof, the predominant use of timber, the terrace, the corbel construction, and the dazzlingly colourful decoration. the roofs of chinese temples and palaces lend an air of weightlessness to the generally large and massive buildings. the eaves, of ten slightly upturned, seem to let the entire roof float above the building as if carried on invisible columns. another way of achieving this illusion of floating is the double roof. here the roof is constructed in two stages and the low wall separating the two suggests a small additional storey. a practical funciton of uptumed roof gutters is to ensure enough light inside the building while making it easy to carry off rain - water. additionally, the roofs of palaces are covered with glazed tiles. as the emperor ' s colour was yellow, those of the impe rial palace are in yellow. the temple of heaven, on the other hand, is appropriately covered ln blue tiles, the colour of the sky. buildings in china, be they temples or palaccs or pagodas, rise invariably from a terrace. that is as it should br, for the wooden frame, however flexible it is, has to be protected from any ingress of water. oid texts, however, point to a symbolic cosmlogical meaning when they state " the heaven covers and the earth carries ". the terrace in these terms represents the earth and the roof the heaven. thus we come to the recurrent theme of ancient chinese philosophy, which is a complete harmony between man and nature. no discussion of traditional chinese buildings can be completed without a mention of the corbel construction. developed by chinese craftsmen over the centuries, it is the ultimate form or style of chinese architecture that is the pride of the chinese nation and the admiration of foreigners. while posts and beams satisfy structural requirements and are often built without the benefit of glue or nails, corhels and brackets are art


the heaviest known insects are the goliath beetles of equatorial africa. one fully grown male was found to weigh 3. 5 ounces. ( almost as much as a handful of quarters ) the heaviest human in medical history was jon brower minnoch, who weighted 392 lbs. in 1963, 700 lbs. in 1966, and 975 lbs. in 1976. after being admitted to a hospital in 1978 from heart and respiratory failure, a doctor estimated that jon weighted over 1300 pounds. when he died in 1978, he weighed more than 798 pounds. the larva of the polyphemus moth consumes an amount equivalent to 86, 000 times it own birth weight in the first 56 days of life. in human terms, this would be like a 7 pound baby taking in 301 tons of nourishment. that is a lot of baby food! highest g force the click beetle averages 400g when " jack - knifing " into the air to escape predators. one specimen that jumbed to a height of 11. 75 inches was calculated to have endured a peak brain deceleration of 2300g by the end of the movement. a recorded human example is that of david purley, a race car driver who survived a deceleration from 108 mph to 0 in 26 inches in england in 1977. his g force was estimated to 179. 8g. he suffered 29 fractures, 3 dislocations, and 6 heart stoppages! female mosquitoes hold the record in this category. they need a lot of protein in order to lay eggs. they obtain this protein by drinking the blood of reptiles, birds, or mammals. sometimes a mosquito will triple her body weight with just one meal of blood. for a 100 pound human to imitate this feat, he would have to consume 36 gallons of liquid at one sitting. the fastest moving insects are certain large tropical cockroaches. the record is 3. 36 mph, or 50 body lengths per second. tiger beetles are also quite fast, as they scurry after their prey. they can often be seen zipping across a road, their bright metallic colors flashing in the sun. the fastest human ever recorded was carl lewis, who ran 100 meters in 9. 86 seconds in 1991 in tokyo, japan. the champion jumper among insects is the common flea. in one experiment, a flea performed a long jump of 13 inches, and a high jump of 7. 75 inches. if a human could jump like a flea, we would be able to


japan. the champion jumper among insects is the common flea. in one experiment, a flea performed a long jump of 13 inches, and a high jump of 7. 75 inches. if a human could jump like a flea, we would be able to jump 853 feet, which would be like jumping from street level to the 70th floor of the empire state building. the champion human high jumper is javier sotomayor of cuba, who jumped 8 ft. 0 in. in san juan, puerto rico. the ant may be tiny, but for his size he is one of the " giants " of the insect world. with his strong jaws he is able to carry 50 times his own weight. that would be like a human trying to carry a baby elephant. among human strongmen, the record is held by leonid taranenko of russia, who lifted a whopping 1, 047 pounds in australia in 1988. the monarch butterfly is capable of flying 2, 000 miles from canada to mexico and parts of california. millions migrate every autumn, often stopping in the same rest spots each year. in early spring and summer, returning females travel north in relays, new generations replacing old, laying their eggs along the way. in comparison, the longest human - powered flight ever documented was when kanellos kanellopoulos averaged 18. 5 mph in his 112 foot wingspan machine from crete to the island of santorini, greece, flying 74 miles. other interesting tid - bits loudest insect - the loudest of all insects is the male cicada. at 7, 400 pulses per minute, its tymbal organs produce a sound detectable over a quarter of a mile away. best stunt flyer - large dragonflies are not only super fast flyers, they are also masters of maneuverability! many kinds of dragonflies can hover, fly backward, turn around quickly in mid - air, and land in an instant. longest insect - the longest insect in the world is the tropical walking stick. females have been measured at 13 inches in body length. it looks just like a slender twig, which is how it blends in with its surroundings. fastest flyer - modern experiments have established that the highest maintainable air speed of any insect, including the deer bot - fly, hawkmoths, and horseflies is 24 mph, rising to a maximum of 36 mph for short bursts by some large dragon flies. official state insects and butterflies of the united states many states have adopted official state insects and / or butterflies in recent years. they have done


and horseflies is 24 mph, rising to a maximum of 36 mph for short bursts by some large dragon flies. official state insects and butterflies of the united states many states have adopted official state insects and / or butterflies in recent years. they have done this to remind citizens of the vital role that insects play in our lives. as of december 31, 1995, 34 states have officially designates state insects and / or butterflies, and this information is summarized below. you will find an alphabetic list of the states that have official state insects and / or butterflies ( along with the name of the insect ), as well as a list of insects ( and the states that have adopted them s their official symbols ). state insects and butterflies listed by states alabama monarch butterfly arkansas honey bee california california dogface butterfly colorado colorado hairstreak butterfly connecticut european praying mantis delaware convergent ladybird beetle florida giant swallowtail butterfly georgia honey bee ( insect ) ; tiger swallowtail ( butterfly ) illinois monarch butterfly iowa ladybug kansas honey bee kentucky viceroy butterfly louisiana honey bee maine honey bee maryland baltimore checkerspot butterfly massachusetts ladybug mississippi honey bee ( insect ) ; spicebush swallowtail ( butterfly ) missouri honey bee nebraska honey bee new hampshire ladybug new jersey honey bee new mexico tarantula hawk wasp new york nine - spotted ladybird beetle north carolina honey bee ohio ladybug ( insect ) ; tiger swallowtail ( butterfly ) oregon oregon swallowtail butterfly pennsylvania firefly south carolina carolina mantis south dakota honey bee tennessee ladybug and firefly utah honey bee vermont monarch butterfly virginia tiger swallowtail butterfly wisconsin honey bee wyoming western swallowtail butterfly state insects and butterflies listed by species baltimore checkerspot butterfly maryland california dogface butterfly california carolina mantis south carolina colorado hairstreak butterfly colorado european praying mantis connecticut firefly tennessee and pennsylvania honey bee arkansas, georgia, kansas, louisiana, maine, missouri, nebraska, new jersey, north carolina, south dakota, utah and wisconsin ladybird beetles / ladybugs delaware ( convergent ), iowa, massachusetts, new york ( nine - spotted ). and ohio swallowtail butterflies florida ( giant ), georgia ( tiger ), mississippi ( spicebush ), ohio ( tiger ), oregon ( oregon ), virginia ( tiger ), and wyoming ( western ) tarantula hawk wasp new mexico viceroy butterfly kentucky is your state on the list? if not, you might want to help initiate a campaign to have a representative insect and / or butterfly designated as one of your official state symbols. the first step is


tarantula hawk wasp new mexico viceroy butterfly kentucky is your state on the list? if not, you might want to help initiate a campaign to have a representative insect and / or butterfly designated as one of your official state symbols. the first step is to collect " nominations " from friends, family, and classmates. have them think of an insect and / or butterfly that would make a good symbol for your state. after a while you should have a list of possible candidates and an idea of how popular each nominee is. now comes the hard part - selecting one candidate to present to state legislators. perhaps you might narrow the field to two or three of the most popular nominees and have a run off " election. " once you have the possibilities narrowed down to a single candidate you will need to begin building a rationale for designating your insect candidate as the official state insect ( or butterfly ). why is your insect candidate the best choice? how does it fit into your state ' s history or culture? how popular is the choice ( collect signatures on a petition ). all of this information will be useful to you when you go looking for a legislative sponsor or sponsors to help you introduce a commemorative bill into the house and senate ( start with the representative for your district first ). the commemorative bill will most likely go to a committee first, at which time you ( and others will have an opportunity to speak for or against the bill ), but if you are persistent and well prepared you might be responsible for your state adopting an official state insect or butterfly! the amazing animal quiz introduction - insects and their relatives ( arthropods ) are some of the most amazing animals that inhabit our world, yet most of us rarely give them credit for their incredible abilities. the " amazing animal quiz " can help you and your students " tune in " to the incredible world of arthropods and open their eyes and minds to learning more about them. hopefully after students complete this exercise they will have a better appreciation for the amazing abilities of arthropods. getting started - this quiz is really quite simple and makes a great introduction to a unit on insects and other arthropods. before starting, have students number a piece of paper from 1 - 25 down the left - hand side. tell the students that you are going to read a series of statement that describe animal activities ( don ' t bias them by mentioning insects or arthropods at this time ) and that you want them to right down the name of any one animal that they can think of


you are going to read a series of statement that describe animal activities ( don ' t bias them by mentioning insects or arthropods at this time ) and that you want them to right down the name of any one animal that they can think of that fits the description you have given. name an animal that... -... raids the garbage -... is cold blooded -... hides from other animals by using camouflage -... changes shape as it grows -... is poisonous and covered with scales -... lives in the ground -... is capable of flying -... attacks and devours ( eats ) other animals -... migrates long distances -... gathers and stores food -... sings to attract a mate -... hibernates as an adult -... eats wood -... lives longer than 40 years -... is striped -... lives on another animal -... spends part of its life cycle in the water -... drinks nectar from flowers -... lays eggs -... has big back legs and is a good hopper -... catches their prey with traps -... is active mostly at night -... is brightly colored -... is covered with hairs -... gives off a foul odor scoring the quiz. after administering the quiz, have the students score themselves in the following manner : 1 point for each mammal named, 3 points for each bird, reptile, amphibian, or fish names, and 5 points for each arthropod ( insect, spider, etc. ) names. as you can see in this exercise you get more points when you answer with arthropod names. a few of the possible arthropod ( insect / spider ) answers are : - fly / maggot, carrion beetle - any insect or other arthropod - walkingstick, underwing moth, crab spider - any insect or other arthropod - monarch butterfly - ant, yellowjacket, white grub / beetle - fly, bee, wasp, ant, moth, butterfly, beetle, bug, grasshopper, dragonfly, mayfly, caddisfly, in fact most adult insects. - praying mantis, ladybird beetle, aphidlion, wolf spider, tarantula, centipede - monarch butterfly, painted lady butterfly, green darner dragonfly, leaf


- fireflies aren ' t the only light - producing insects. some click beetles, springtails, and gnats also light up. - there is a fly in california called the petroleum fly that lives and breeds in petroleum. - the largest animal in antarctica that lives strictly on land is a wingless fly less than 1 / 4 of an inch ( 6 mm ) long. - the color a head louse will be as an adult can depend on the color of the person ' s hair is living in. for example, a louse living in blond hair would most likely be alight color ; one living in black hair would be dark. - a cockroach can live nine days without its head. - fleas can jump 200 times the length of their bodies. - some queen termites live as long as 50 years. - the atlas moth of india is one of the world ' s largest insects. it measures 12 inches ( 30 cm ) from wingtip to wingtip. - a tiny insect called a biting midge can beat its wings 1000 times a second. - how many flowers must honey bees tap to make one pound of honey? - two million - how far does a hive of bees fly to bring you one pound of honey? - over 55, 000 miles - how much honey does the average worker honey bee make in her lifetime? - 1 / 12 teaspoon - how fast does a honey bee fly? - about 15 miles per hour - how much honey would it take to fuel a bee ' s flight around the world? - about one ounce - why are honey bees sometimes called " white man ' s flies? " - north american natives called honey bees this because they were brought to north america by european colonists. - what is mead? - honey wine - how long have bees been producing honey from flowering plants? - 10 - 20 million years - what scotch liqueur is made with honey? - how many sides does each honeycomb cell have? - what is the u. s. per capita consumption of honey? - what state is known as the beehive state? - how many wings does a honey bee have? - how many beekeepers are in the united states? - an estimated 211, 600 - how many honey - producing colonies of bees are there in the united states? - the usda estimates that there are approximately 3 million honey producing colonies. this estimate is based on beekeepers who manage five or more colonies. - hall of fame trivia bugs - how many flowers does a honey bee


annual report to congress fy 2004 | ms word ( 417 kb ) | overview of ocr compliance and enforcement program the office for civil rights ( ocr ) in the u. s. department of education ( ed ) is responsible for enforcing five federal civil rights laws that prohibit discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, disability and age by recipients of federal financial assistance. these laws are : - title vi of the civil rights act of 1964 ( prohibiting discrimination based on race, color and national origin ) ; - title ix of the education amendments of 1972 ( prohibiting sex discrimination ) ; - section 504 of the rehabilitation act of 1973 ( prohibiting disability discrimination ) ; - the age discrimination act of 1975 ( prohibiting age discrimination ) ; and - title ii of the americans with disabilities act of 1990 ( prohibiting disability discrimination by public entities, e. g., public elementary and secondary school systems, postsecondary schools, and vocational education programs, whether or not they receive federal financial assistance ). in addition, ocr enforces the boy scouts of america equal access act. this law addresses equal access for the boy scouts of america and other designated youth groups to meet in public schools that receive federal funds from the department of education. these civil rights laws represent a national commitment to end discrimination in education programs. since most educational institutions receive some type of federal financial assistance, these laws apply throughout the nation. coverage of these civil rights laws extends to : - 14, 559 school districts ; 1 - 4, 168 colleges and universities ; 2 - 5, 059 institutions conferring certificates below the associate degree level, such as training schools for truck drivers and cosmetologists ; 3 and - thousands of other entities, such as libraries, museums, and vocational rehabilitation agencies. consequently, these civil rights laws protect millions of students attending or seeking to attend our educational institutions. in certain situations, the laws also protect persons who are employed or seeking employment at educational institutions. overall, these laws protect : - nearly 54. 5 million students attending elementary and secondary schools ; 4 and - nearly 16. 5 million students attending colleges and universities. 5 enforcing these laws is critical to carrying out the mission of the u. s. department of education — ensuring equal access to education and promoting educational excellence throughout the nation. in fy 2004, ocr ' s budget was $ 88, 305, 000, with full - time equivalent ( fte ) staff of 655. see figure 1 on historical funding and fte. figure 1 : u. s


most active stories on air staff and wpm interns shots - health blog tue august 9, 2011 test a mother ' s blood to learn her baby ' s sex early on boy or girl? expectant parents are often dying to know. some mothers are even trying to influence it with their diet. but the tests used to determine a baby ' s sex before birth leave a lot to be desired. blood tests that look for fetal dna in a mother ' s blood would be a big improvement, according to a new study. but those tests aren ' t yet licensed for use in the united states, even though they ' re available in europe. so parents who want an early peek into their baby ' s sex are stuck with dubious tests sold on the web. consider the story of baby gender mentor, a blood test for prenatal sex testing sold online in 2005. the company, acu - gen biolab, marketed the test as " 99. 9 percent accurate " in detecting a fetus ' s sex as early as 5 weeks in. but then, as npr ' s nell greenfieldboyce reported, angry mothers started calling acu - gen, saying the baby they delivered – though adorable – was not the sex predicted. needless to say, baby gender mentor isn ' t available anymore. as a result of the baby gender mentor kerfuffle, diana bianchi, a professor of reproductive genetics at tufts medical center in boston, decided to try to find out if looking for fetal dna in a mother ' s blood could be a more reliable early gender test. she figured some parents might be interested in alternatives to ultrasound and the other, invasive tests that are typically used. ultrasounds are not at all accurate before 12 weeks ' gestation, and amniocentesis and chorionic villi sampling, which require removing small amounts of fluid and other cells from the womb, can cause miscarriage. but bianchi knew from research by herself and others that dna from a fetus passes through the placenta into a mother ' s bloodstream, making it much more accessible. the easiest way to find baby dna is by looking for the male y chromosome, which women don ' t have. bianchi and her colleagues looked at studies of maternal blood to determine fetal sex, and found they were 75 percent accurate as soon as 7 weeks after conception. at 20 weeks, they were 99 percent accurate. the results were published today in the journal of the american medical association. but what about simple dipstick test, the kind that


and found they were 75 percent accurate as soon as 7 weeks after conception. at 20 weeks, they were 99 percent accurate. the results were published today in the journal of the american medical association. but what about simple dipstick test, the kind that ' s used to test a woman ' s urine for pregnancy? the doctors also tested those tests sold online, and found them " worse than flipping a coin, " bianchi told shots. bianchi says she sees real benefit in having maternal blood tests available for the couples she counsels, who often are facing very difficult issues with genetic disorders. for instance, only boys inherit hemophilia, so if a son could be identified early on, parents could move ahead with further testing. doctors can ' t get the test done through labs in the u. s. because they haven ' t been approved by the food and drug administration, but she says companies who sell the tests in europe have been good about working with her and her patients. despite all the obvious benefits, the development of a simpler, faster test does raise bioethical questions. but bianchi doesn ' t think that selling fetal dna blood tests in the united states will increase the number of parents choosing to abort a child if it ' s not the sex they want. " those same people can get an ultrasound now, " she says.


latest illnesses point to raw milk ' s popularity washington – an outbreak of bacterial infections on the east coast illustrates the popularity of raw, unpasteurized milk despite strong warnings from public health officials about the potential danger. even presidential candidate ron paul has joined the cause of consumers looking to buy unprocessed " real foods " straight from the farm, saying government shouldn ' t deny them that choice. an outbreak of a campylobacter bacterial infection on the east coast is a reminder of the potential hazards, however. raw milk from a dairy in pennsylvania is now linked to 38 illnesses in four states, and the farm has temporarily suspended sales. consumers who want unpasteurized milk have to work to find it. it ' s against federal law to transport it across state lines and most states don ' t allow it to be sold in stores off the farm. twenty states prohibit raw milk sales altogether. the government says the milk is unsafe because of the pathogens cows may encounter on the farm. the centers for disease control and prevention points out that raw milk killed many people — especially young children — before the onset of pasteurization, which heats milk to high temperatures to kill disease - causing germs. the cdc says pasteurized milk is rich in proteins, carbohydrates and other nutrients, and that heat only slightly decreases thiamine, vitamin b12, and vitamin c. while the government contends that milk is only a minor source of those nutrients anyway, raw milk advocates say that ' s proof that pasteurization makes milk less wholesome and pure. the government doesn ' t keep records of raw milk consumption or sales but it ' s clear that the product is riding the coattails of a larger food movement that encourages less processing and more " real food. " raw milk goes a step further than organic milk free of growth hormones. organic milk, too, has enjoyed a sales boost in recent years. " we are pushing for consumer choice and freedom and a variety of dairy options for people, " says kimberly hartke of the weston a. price foundation, an activist group that advocates " restoring nutrient - dense foods to the human diet. " price was a dentist who studied global nutrition around the turn of the 20th century. advocates say far more illnesses are caused each year by leafy greens, deli meats and other products produced in much larger quantities than raw milk. " to outlaw or ban any natural food because it could possibly make you sick is an extreme position, because there is no safe food, " hart


by leafy greens, deli meats and other products produced in much larger quantities than raw milk. " to outlaw or ban any natural food because it could possibly make you sick is an extreme position, because there is no safe food, " hartke says. that ' s a position that presidential contender paul, a doctor, understands. he appears to have acknowledged the potential risks of raw milk when he said last summer that " what i ' m doing in politics is not exactly the medical opinion. " still, he said, " as long as you don ' t force other people, and as long as you don ' t defraud people, you ought to have a choice. " supporters of raw milk are passionate, and the issue has become one of the most animated food debates. raw milk consumers and price foundation representatives have held protests in washington to fight food and drug administration crackdowns on some farms that sell raw milk. the fact that there ' s even a debate infuriates many in the public health community. " the intensity with which raw milk supporters believe in this product is almost unheard of, certainly for a food, " says sarah klein, an attorney for the center for science in the public interest. " it ' s like snake oil. " klein says advocates often mislead consumers by describing bucolic settings and happy cows. " these are still animals, they defecate inches from where the milk is produced, " she says. " they stand in it, they swat their tails through it. that ' s all very natural. it ' s just a matter of course that raw milk is contaminated. " the owner of the pennsylvania dairy, family cow farm in chambersburg, posted a message on the farm ' s website last week saying that several customers had called them to say they had been experiencing " acute diarrhea, fever and stomach cramps. " owner edwin shank said in the posting that the farm ' s testing had shown samples to be negative for campylobacter and speculated that the illnesses may be from another cause. but the pennsylvania health department has linked the outbreak to the farm, and a spokeswoman for the maryland ' s health department says an unopened bottle from the farm tested positive. for campylobacter? what is it, anyway? raw milk sales are illegal in maryland, but the state has four illnesses from the outbreak. those sickened presumably drove to pennsylvania and brought the milk back for their own consumption, said maria said of the maryland department


the iep team recommends services in the least restrictive environment ( lre ) appropriate to your child ' s needs. this means that the iep team, of which you are a member, must consider how special education services can be provided to your child that will allow him or her to be educated with children who do not have disabilities, to the maximum extent appropriate. the iep team will first consider whether your child ' s needs may be met in a general education class with supports, aids and services provided to your child. if it is determined that your child cannot participate in general education classes, even with appropriate supplementary aids and services, special education teacher support services, related services or in a collaborative team teaching / integrated co - teaching class, other settings such as special classes or special schools will be considered. keep in mind that your child should be provided the opportunity to participate in extracurricular and nonacademic activities ( e. g., physical education, recess, after - school activities ) with non - disabled children, unless his or her disability makes such participation inappropriate. also, your child should be educated in the school that he or she would attend if not disabled, unless the iep requires that other arrangements are made. our goal is to educate children with disabilities in their zoned schools alongside their more typically developing peers whenever possible. read more » individualized educational programs often combine services to achieve the right balance. educators agree that students usually do better when they get the supports they need in the context of classroom work ( instead of being " pulled out " ). more and more, you will find that specialists come into the classroom and collaborate with teachers, aides, and other adults to support students. some children will qualify for additional services such as paraprofessional services, assistive technology devices and services, adapted physical education, etc


soap may hold a dirty little secret in the form of a chemical called triclosan. used in antiseptic hand soaps, shaving gel, toothpaste, deodorant and other hygiene products, a new study has found the chemical can weaken muscle contraction. when researchers at the university of california at davis exposed the individual muscle fibers of fish and mice to triclosan, they found it impaired the normal contraction mechanism. both skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle no longer operated normally, and this was true when the mice and fish were tested themselves, or their muscle fibers were examined individually in a test tube. mice showed up to a 25 percent reduction in heart function measured within 20 minutes of exposure to the chemical, as well as an 18 percent reduction in grip strength - - yes, mice have grip strength - - for up to 60 minutes after exposure. fish that swam in triclosan - tainted water for seven days performed worse on swimming tests than those that did not. while the evidence for toxicity is largely based on animal studies, some experts have said that it might affect humans too. " this is an interesting and potentially concerning finding, said dr. philip j. landrigan, dean of global health in the department of preventive medicine at the mount sinai school of medicine in new york city. " many synthetic chemicals now known to be toxic to humans were first recognized as toxic in animal studies. " landrigan said that exposure in the womb is of particular worry. " early development is a time of particular vulnerability to toxic chemicals. minute exposures at the wrong moment in embryonic or fetal development can have devastating effects. the great complexity of early human development creates windows of vulnerability, periods of heightened sensitivity to toxic chemicals that exist only in early life and have no counterpart in adulthood, " he said. adding to the potential worry, previous studies have found that triclosan may alter hormone regulation in laboratory animals, or cause antibiotic resistance. not all experts believe the chemical is a problem because in it remains bound to blood proteins, which should in theory diminish its impact on humans. and manufacturers are adamant that there is no real proof triclosan is dangerous for humans. they ' re also quick to point out several recent studies that demonstrated its effectiveness in rd killing germs. but some consumer groups and members of congress have called for a ban on antiseptic soap products. " if we adopted the precautionary principle, then we should remove it from consumer products. however, the united


rd killing germs. but some consumer groups and members of congress have called for a ban on antiseptic soap products. " if we adopted the precautionary principle, then we should remove it from consumer products. however, the united states chemical policy is included the toxic substances control act and calls only for voluntary testing of chemicals ; therefore, the burden of proof of health effects falls on researchers, consumers and the chemical industry, " said dr. adam spanier, an assistant professor of pediatrics and public health sciences at the penn state university hershey medical center. both the food and drug administration and the environmental protection agency are currently reviewing the chemical ' s safety, but the fda said it didn ' t have sufficient evidence for a ban. " if studies continue to demonstrate adverse health effects of triclosan, then the fda should call for its removal from consumer products, " spanier said. originally developed as a pesticide, tricolsan has also been added to common household items such as bedding, clothing, toys and trash bags, and has been for more than 40 years. trace amounts of the chemical have been detected in waterways, as well as a wide variety of living organisms. in tests on humans it shows up in urine, blood, even breast milk. it is so prevalent that a survey by the u. s. centers for disease control and prevention found the chemical present in the urine of 75 percent of americans over the age of 5. this latest study was published in the proceedings of the national academy of science.


what is apprenticeship? apprenticeship is a training program that combines on - the - job training, work experience and technical training in a trade. from day one, apprentices earn a salary for their time on the job. an apprenticeship training program lasts one to four years depending on the trade. are you interested in becoming an apprentice? check out these resources : - apprenticeship in alberta — this tip sheet introduces apprenticeship and includes tips on choosing a trade, finding an employer and applying to an apprenticeship program. - trade secrets — this alberta apprenticeship and industry training website offers information about training, certification, scholarships, financial assistance and more as well as resources for employers, employees and apprentices. - registered apprenticeship program ( rap ) for high school students — this program allows high school students to earn credits toward an apprenticeship program and a high school diploma at the same time. for apprentices and journeypersons are you a journeyperson who wants to move from alberta to another province or country or from another province or country to alberta? if so, you ’ ll want to know about these programs : red seal program this interprovincial standards program makes it easier for skilled workers to move and work across canada. apprenticeship and labour mobility this multi - level initiative helps ensure that qualified, skilled canadian workers can practise their respective trades across canada.


tragedy of karbala what is ashura? in the month of muharram 61 ah ( approx. 20 october 680 ad ), an event took place in iraq at a place known as karbala on the bank of the river euphrates. it seemed in those days insignificant from the historical point of view. a large army which had been mobilized by the umayyad regime besieged a group of persons numbering less than a hundred and put them under pressure to pay allegiance to the caliph of the time and submit to his authority. the small group resisted and a severe battle took place in which they were all killed. written by h118 tuesday, 03 april 2012 18 : 22 contemporary issuesmuslims for centuries have engaged themselves and the world in pursuit of inner jihad ( inner struggle ). this has been their way of getting closer to their creator, achieving inner peace and getting closer to god ’ s creations. unless we are at peace with ourselves, we can not have peace with the creator and vice versa. written by h118 tuesday, 03 april 2012 18 : 16 terrorists have created an image far from the reality of islam. killing the innocent is strictly forbidden in islam. almighty allah has stated in the holy quran, “ and do not kill the soul which allah has forbidden except for the requirements of justice ; this he has enjoined you with that you may understand … ” [ 6 : 151 ] written by h118 tuesday, 03 april 2012 10 : 21 imam husayn had shown by his acts as well as his various discourses during the seven days of muharram at karbala, that this conflict was much more universal in nature, and that he knew that he was going to live for ever through his martyrdom. yazeed died as uselessly as he lived ; only three years after the battle of karbala took place. while trying to race a baboon, he fell from his horse and broke his neck. as history has recorded, those who were apparent victors at karbala have disappeared without trace. written by h118 tuesday, 03 april 2012 10 : 11 imam jafar al - sadiq ( a. s. ) at the age of 11, imam sadiq ( as ) refuted the theory that the sun, moon and the planets rotated around the earth. he said that the sun, during its course round the earth, passes through the 12 constellations in one year and remains in each constellation for 30 days, so why does it then disappear from sight during


communities far from the southern border are taking extra steps to integrate new hispanic residents. the hispanic population is growing more rapidly than other segments of the u. s. population, according to u. s. census bureau data released in may, so a growing number of local governments are working to integrate latinos into their communities. many cities are establishing liaison offices, improving communication with, helping immigrants learn english, and creating programs and events that help all residents embrace cultural diversity. latinos are not integrating as well as asians, blacks and non - hispanic white immigrants, according to the washington - based migration policy institute ' s report " immigrants in the united states : how well are they integrating into society?, " which was published in may. the report says hispanics ' progress — while occurring — has been slower in the areas of english proficiency, income, education, homeownership in integrated neighborhoods, legal status, voter registration and intermarriage. lack of integration can lead to a general feeling of not belonging and, therefore, a lack of participation in the political process and community activities, according to the washington - based ' ( nlc ). " municipal innovations in immigrant integration " report. the points out that immigrants sometimes become victims of crimes and, if they are undocumented, often fail to report the crimes for fear of being deported. also, because immigrants may not know their tenant and property rights, landlords and others in the industry can take advantage of them. they also might not receive community messages about mental and other health issues and how to be screened and treated for them. having a plan to help immigrants integrate into the community is key to overcoming the hurdles that the hispanic community is facing, says ricardo gambetta, nlc ' s manager of immigrant integration programs. to aid struggling cities, nlc is supporting the creation of new american citizens ' academies in several cities to help new residents who are going through or who have recently completed the naturalization process learn about the local government. nlc also encourages local governments to work with state agencies, provide input to the federal government regarding a nationwide strategy on immigration, create mayoral advisory boards on immigration issues and ensure that any plan includes a strategy across all agencies. cities need to tailor their approaches to integrating hispanic residents based on those residents ' specific needs, gambetta says. " every city is different and unique, " he says. " the issue is complex, and we focus on promoting city engagement. we believe cities are integral in the integration of immigrant communities. "


getting to the bottom of dyscalculia — and of our number sense mathematician brian butterworth is on a crusade to understand the number deficit called dyscalculia — and to help those who have it, reports ewen callaway in the journal nature : “ researchers estimate that as much as 7 % of the population has dyscalculia, which is marked by severe difficulties in dealing with numbers despite otherwise normal intelligence. that combination has attracted neuroscientists such as butterworth, who believe that the disorder illuminates the inner workings of the brain ’ s number sense — the ability to understand and manipulate quantities. this sense is every bit as innate as vision or hearing, yet scientists disagree over its cognitive and neural basis, a debate that dyscalculics may help to settle. for butterworth, scientific curiosity eventually gave way to advocacy. “ i thought, it ’ s not enough to just try to identify the cause, ” he says. in the past decade, he has crusaded to get dyscalculia recognized — by parents, teachers, politicians and anyone who will listen. and he is using his scientific insights into the condition to help dyscalculic children. ‘ what ’ s the point of telling someone they have dyscalculia if you can ’ t help them? ’ he says. by developing treatments for dyscalculia, butterworth hopes to test competing theories about the cognitive basis of numeracy. if, as he believes, dyscalculia is at heart a deficiency of basic number sense and not of memory, attention or language, as others have proposed, then nurturing the roots of number sense should help dyscalculics. ‘ it may be the case that what these kids need is just much more practice than the rest of us, ’ butterworth says. ” ( read more here. ) so interesting that research on dyscalculia may not only help those afflicted with the condition, but also help illuminate how an understanding of numbers and math develops in the human brain in general.


evidence from caves in siberia indicates that a global temperature increase of 1. 5° celsius may cause substantial thawing of a large tract of permanently frozen soil in siberia. the thawing of this soil, known as permafrost, could have serious consequences for further changes in the climate. permafrost regions cover 24 percent of the land surface in the northern hemisphere, and they hold twice as much carbon as is currently present in the atmosphere. as the permafrost thaws, it turns from a carbon sink ( meaning it accumulates and stores carbon ) into a carbon source, releasing substantial amounts of carbon dioxide and methane into the atmosphere. both of these gasses enhance the greenhouse effect. by looking at how permafrost has responded to climate change in the past, we can gain a better understanding of climate change today. a team of international researchers looked at speleothems, such as stalagmites, stalactites, and flowstones. these are mineral deposits that are formed when water from snow or rain seeps into the caves. when conditions are too cold or too dry, speleothem growth ceases, since no water flows through the caves. as a result, speleothems provide a detailed history of periods when liquid water was available as well as an assessment of the relationship between global temperature and permafrost extent. using radioactive dating and data on growth from six siberian caves, the researchers tracked the history of permafrost in siberia for the past 450, 000 years. the caves were located at varying latitudes, ranging from a boundary of continuous permafrost at 60 degrees north to the permafrost - free gobi desert. in the northernmost cave, lenskaya ledyanaya, no speleothem growth has occurred since a particularly warm period around 400, 000 years ago — the growth at that time suggests water was flowing in the area due to a melt in the permafrost. the extensive thawing at that time allows for an assessment of the warming required globally to cause a similar change in the permafrost boundary. global temperatures at that time were only 1. 5°c warmer than today, suggesting that we could be approaching a critical point at which the coldest permafrost regions would begin to thaw. not only will increasing global temperatures cause substantial thawing of permafrost, but it may also create wetter conditions in the gobi dessert, based on data from the southern - most cave


in 1957 the french government initiated the creation of a new dictionary of the french language, the tresor de la langue francaise. in order to provide access to a large body of word samples, it was decided to transcribe an extensive selection of french texts for use with a computer. twenty years later, a corpus totaling some 150 million words had been created, representing a broad range of written french - - from novels and poetry to biology and mathematics - - stretching from the seventeenth to the twentieth centuries. it soon became apparent that this corpus of french texts was an important resource not only for lexicographers, but also for many other types of humanists and social scientists engaged in french studies - on both sides of the atlantic. the result of this realization was american and french research on the treasury of the french language ( artfl ) - - a cooperative project established in 1981 by the centre national de la recherche scientifique and the university of chicago. the artfl project has focused on three objectives over its long history : * to include a variety of texts so as to make the database as versatile as possible ; * to create a system that would be easily accessible to the research community ; * to provide researchers with an easy - to - use but effective tool. at present, artfl ' s main corpus, artfl - frantext, consists of nearly 3, 000 texts, ranging from classic works of french literature to various kinds of non - fiction prose and technical writing. the eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth centuries are about equally represented, with a smaller selection of seventeenth century texts as well as some medieval and renaissance texts. genres include novels, verse, theater, journalism, essays, correspondence, and treatises. subjects include literary criticism, biology, history, economics, and philosophy. in most cases standard scholarly editions were used in converting the text into machine - readable form, and the data contain page references to these editions. the frantext corpus is updated as new high - quality digital texts become available. in addition to frantext, artfl has built hundreds of databases for researchers and students working in specialized disciplines and languages other than french. please see our databases, resources, and collaborations pages for links to these projects. new opportunities for research artfl ' s stable of databases is one of the largest of its kind in the world. the number, variety and historical range of its texts allow researchers to go well beyond the usual narrow focus on single works or single authors. the databases permit both rapid exploration of single texts and inter - textual


of the largest of its kind in the world. the number, variety and historical range of its texts allow researchers to go well beyond the usual narrow focus on single works or single authors. the databases permit both rapid exploration of single texts and inter - textual research of a kind virtually impossible without the aid of a computer. for a description of the latest research developments underway at artfl, please visit our research blog. philologic is a tool for artfl text research which provides a menu driven system featuring a sophisticated help program that can be accessed at any time. philologic does not require any specialized knowledge of computers - - in fact, this system provides an excellent opportunity to become acquainted with the possibilities of computer - assisted research and teaching. the artfl project has written full documentation for philologic, available here. philologic provides several ways for users to select the texts they wish to analyze. users may search a single text, texts by a single author, texts from a particular time period, texts with a particular word in the title, or all the texts in the database. for example, one might wish to work with all the texts of balzac in the database, or all the texts published between 1750 and 1789. a single command will select these texts for further analysis. artfl ' s philologic system supports a number of searching options. a user may search for a single word, a word root, prefix, suffix or a list of words created by the user. for example, one might search for the word liberte in the texts published between 1789 and 1794, or all of the words associated with " artist " - - artiste, artistes, ecrivain, ecrivains, poete, poetes, etc - - in the works of zola. in many cases a researcher will not merely be interested in the occurrences of single words or lists of words, but where words occur in texts. philologic allows the user to search for logical combinations of words and word lists. one might, for example, search for all the occurrences of words associated with " artist " where words beginning with " fem " - - femme, femmes, feministe, etc. - - are found in the same sentence in the works of zola. several display formats are available to the philologic user. results can be displayed on screen line by line, with the search word highlighted or centered. the user may also browse through the full context of any result, examining many sentences or paragraph