university researchers have quantified the contribution of the heat islands on a global basis for the first time, showing that the contribution to global warming from urban heat islands is very modest compared with what greenhouse gas emissions contribute. the study also ran a simulation for the geoengineering solution of painting roofs white in urban areas to enhance local cooling. the cooling effect does work, but it also marginally increases warming on a global scale. professor jacobson advised it was better to install solar panels to combat global warming rather than paint roofs white. on the urban heat island effect the best study reported " the urban heat island effect is locally large and real, but does not contribute significantly to the average land temperature rise. that ’ s because the urban regions of the earth amount to less than 1 % of the land area ". on temperature sites the best study detailed " about 1 / 3 of temperature sites around the world reported global cooling over the past 70 years ( including much of the united states and northern europe ). but 2 / 3 of the sites show warming. individual temperature histories reported from a single location are frequently noisy and / or unreliable, and it is always necessary to compare and combine many records to understand the true pattern of global warming. " " the large number of sites reporting cooling might help explain some of the skepticism of global warming, ” rohde commented. “ global warming is too slow for humans to feel directly, and if your local weather man tells you that temperatures are the same or cooler than they were a hundred years ago it is easy to believe him. " the research looked in some depth into the allegations by anthony watts that temperature results were skewed in the us due to " poor " station data. the research identified that these stations showed the same pattern of global warming as stations ranked “ ok ”. " absolute temperatures of poor stations may be higher and less accurate, but the overall global warming trend is the same, and the berkeley earth analysis concludes that there is not any undue bias from including poor stations in the survey. " the website explains in depth the methodology of the research and also publishes full datasets which required combining data from different sites and formats and building from scratch a statistical analysis of the data. while the research identifies that the same degree of global warming is ocurring as other well known analyses, it hasn ' t made an independent assessment of how much of the observed warming is due to human actions according to richard muller. scientists from australian and the uk have commented on the release of these papers. several commented that


to the conclusion that anthropogenic drivers are responsible for the late 20th century warming. the best study, assuming its results are similar after peer review, would not change that view. " bob ward, policy and communications director, grantham institute for climate change and the environment at the london school of economics ( lse ), said : " this new study confirms what we already knew. the warming of the land areas of the earth since the 19th century cannot be explained by the impact of cities growing to engulf rural weather stations. so - called ' sceptics ' should now drop their thoroughly discredited claims that the increase in global average temperature could be attributed to the impact of growing cities, which create an urban heat island effect. this claim was always dubious as oceans also show the same level of warming as land areas. " " the warming of the earth is unequivocal and, as every major scientific organisation in the world has pointed out, the overwhelming evidence indicates that this warming is being driven by the unarguable increase in greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. " " more broadly this study also proves once again how false it was for ' sceptics ' to allege that the e - mails hacked from the university of east anglia proved that the climatic research unit ' s land temperature record had been doctored. several independent inquiries, and now this study, have shown that allegation to be entirely untrue. it is now time for an apology from all those, including us presidential hopeful rick perry, who have made false claims that the evidence for global warming has been faked by climate scientists. " concluded bob ward. - berkeley earth summary of findings, 20 october, 2011 - cooling the warming debate - berkeley earth releases global land warming analysis ( pdf ) - australian science media centre, 21 october 2011 - rapid reaction : new data on climate change from the berkeley earth surface temperature ( best ) project – experts respond - image - decadal land - surface average temperature from berkeley earth


stem | news google gives 15, 000 raspberry pi computer boards to uk students the raspberry pi model b computer board the raspberry pi foundation has received a grant from google giving to provide students in the united kingdom with 15, 000 raspberry pi model b computer boards for learning to program. the raspberry pi foundation is a charitable organization in the uk that develops the credit - card sized arm processor - based computer boards. students can connect an sd memory card, keyboard, mouse, and display, and then install linux and learn to program the devices. the raspberry pi foundation, google, and six uk educational partners will work together to identify the students who will receive the raspberry pi devices. the educational partners are coderdojo, code club, computing at school, generating genius, teach first, and ocr. the raspberry pi foundation already offers a free raspberry pi education manual from computing at school, which guides students through the process of learning to program the devices using the scratch and python programming languages, as well as how to use the linux command line interface. as part of the google giving program, ocr will be creating 15, 000 free teaching and learning packs to accompany the devices. " this is a brilliant way for us to find kids all over the country whose aptitude for computing can now be explored properly, " wrote a raspberry pi foundation representative in a blog post. " we believe that access to tools is a fundamental necessity in finding out who you are and what you ' re good at. we want those tools to be within everybody ' s grasp, right from the start. " the raspberry pi devices are available in two models. the grant from google will provide students with the higher - end model b devices, which include 512 mb of ram, two usb ports, and an ethernet port. the model a devices include 256 mb of ram, one usb port, and no eithernet port. further information about the raspberry pi computer boards can be found on the raspberry pi foundation ' s site. leila meyer is a technology writer based in british columbia. she can be reached at firstname. lastname @ example. org.


new feat for colombia ’ s urban innovator : slum escalators medellin, colombia — the upper reaches of a mountainside slum called comuna 13 are so steep that streets give way to staircases. to get home, many residents here used to climb the equivalent of a 28 - story building. but last year, medellin officials installed a $ 7 million outdoor escalator — the first ever designed for a slum. the ride to the top now takes five minutes. “ it ’ s a relief because we no longer have to climb all those steps on foot, ” said jose ivan taborda, 69, who has lived in comuna 13 all his life. “ the escalator is comfortable, especially for older people. ” rising above tin - roofed shanties with laundry hanging from clotheslines, the escalator, which has a bright orange roof, seems a little out of place. many slum residents had never before ridden an escalator so city officials organized field trips to shopping malls so they could practice. but rather than an extravagance, the electric staircase is part of a broader plan to reduce crime and improve living conditions in medellin, the hometown of the late drug kingpin pablo escobar and the former murder capital of the world. while police work is important, a major part of the strategy is to install public transportation and link these systems to newly built parks, libraries and community centers that encourage people to reclaim their neighborhoods from drug - dealing gangs. comuna 13 and other slums were founded by people displaced by colombia ’ s guerrilla war. many relocated to medellin, which sits in a river valley, and built illegal settlements high on the mountaintops overlooking the city center. isolated and ignored by politicians, many slum residents became gunmen for the medellin cartel or joined guerrilla or paramilitary units that later controlled the neighborhoods. “ this displaced population didn ’ t feel like they were part of the city, ” said laura isaza, a consultant for aci medellin, an organization focused on bringing foreign investment to the city. “ these people used to say : ‘ i live in this neighborhood and i don ’ t live in medellin. ’ so, one of our first steps was to try to gain their confidence and to make them feel that they are part of our city. ” one of the main projects integrating medellin is a network of cable cars that opened in 2004. the aerial trams carry people from the mountaintop slums


try to gain their confidence and to make them feel that they are part of our city. ” one of the main projects integrating medellin is a network of cable cars that opened in 2004. the aerial trams carry people from the mountaintop slums to the subway system, giving them access to the rest of the city. unlike exhaust - spewing buses, the system is quiet — and efficient. reaching downtown via cable cars and the subway now takes 45 minutes rather than two - and - a - half hours. the gondolas move 20, 000 people a day. they ’ re so popular they ’ ve inspired similar cable car networks in the mountainside ghettos of rio de janeiro and caracas. while the view high above the slums is impressive, some cable car passengers opt to read during the ride. they can check out books from a handsome new library and community center, designed by bogota architect giancarlo mazzanti, that sits next to one of the cable car stations in the santo domingo slum. several subway stations house smaller libraries carrying everything from self - help manuals to james joyce ’ s “ ulysses. ” “ we are trying to promote reading among the commuters, ” said ana maria rosario, the librarian at one of the subway stations. “ like they say, if you can ’ t bring mohamed to the mountain, bring the mountain to mohamed. ” many of these experiments were cited last month when medellin was named — along with new york and tel aviv — as one of the world ’ s most innovative cities in a competition sponsored by the wall street journal, citi, and the washington - based urban land institute. the winner, which will be chosen by the public through an online poll will be announced in january. medellin was selected for its “ progress and potential ” and was also cited for cutting co2 emissions by 175, 000 tons annually and for reducing crime. although the annual murder rate remains high, it has been cut in half over the last decade and now stands at about 50 homicides per 100, 000 people. that ’ s well below new orleans ’ rate of more than 70, but still over three times that of miami. in lauding the innovation displayed by medellin and the other finalists, anita kramer of the urban land institute said the reforms “ reflect remarkable forward - thinking decisions on the part of municipal leadership. taken together, they provide models for the world. ” but not everyone is convinced. john hernandez, a holistic healer who lives in comuna 13,


land institute said the reforms “ reflect remarkable forward - thinking decisions on the part of municipal leadership. taken together, they provide models for the world. ” but not everyone is convinced. john hernandez, a holistic healer who lives in comuna 13, says the flashy new projects have distracted people ’ s attention from lingering issues. he says gangs still control the city slums where they sell drugs and extort businesses. city officials, he said, “ are sweeping those problems under the rug. ” indeed, when a reporter showed up to visit the escalator, city officials at first hesitated at providing a tour of the area due to recent gang shootouts. but at the same time, there are clear signs of progress. tourists now come to slums to ride the escalator and cable cars. property values in comuna 13 and other barrios are on the rise. what ’ s more, colombian and foreign investors have shown new interest in medellin. over the past five years, hewlett - packard, kimberly clark and unisys have all opened production and research centers in medellin. though much work remains, isaza of aci medellin says she believes the city has turned a corner. “ we still have a pretty difficult city and we are still struggling against violence in our city. ” isaza said. “ but conflict in medellin has changed … we don ’ t have this huge war we had before. this is a conflict that could only be ended through real opportunities for the people. ”


project part i : definition this week ’ s scenario : you are an employee of cereals incorporated, a large manufacturer of breakfast food products. your supervisor, madison county, approaches you because she knows you recently took a course on gamification, which she has heard will revolutionize marketing. she tells you that cereals inc. is about to release a new line of ready - to - eat breakfast pastries, and she wants to know whether to use gamification as part of the marketing strategy. the breakfast pastries will be aimed at the 18 - 35 age bracket. surveys show members of this demographic often skip breakfast because they don ’ t want to eat the typical cereals of their youth, and they are too active to cook their own breakfasts. market research indicates that the pastries are likely to appeal more to women than men by a 65 % - 35 % ratio. cereals inc. has a 35 % share of the overall breakfast food market, but only a 10 % share of the fragmented ready - to - eat segment. provide as many reasons as you can why gamification could be a useful technique to apply to the situation your manager has presented to you. explain why these reasons address the specific scenario provided. at this stage, focus on the problem rather than the solution. in other words, describe the goals of the project, not the particular game elements or other techniques you plan to use. we strongly encourage you to watch this week ’ s lecture segments before attempting this assignment. in this paper i will show how cereals inc. can use gamification to : a ) increase the overall market and its market share in the ready - to - eat breakfast pastries segment. b ) identify customers ’ needs. the theoretical framework is based on nicole lazzaro ’ s altered states in why we play games : four keys to more emotion without story, hereafter mentioned as “ fourkeys ” and the “ dynamics ” aspect in the pyramid of gamification elements. hereafter mentioned as “ thepyramid ”. please note that i sometime use the word player as a synonym for customers. 1. how gamification can increase the market / market share by forming customers habit. in this case the demographic target group often skips breakfast. by associating eating breakfast pastries with the right emotion one might increase the number of times the player eats breakfast and thereby increases the overall market and cereals inc. market share. one aspect of fourkeys regarding emotions is that many “ players treasure the enjoyment


probability and statistics : combinations word problems submit your word problem : many students learning probability and statistics find combinations difficult. they feel overwhelmed with combinations homework, tests and projects. and it is not always easy to find combinations tutor who is both good and affordable. now finding combinations help is easy. for your combinations homework, combinations tests, combinations projects, and combinations tutoring needs, tulyn is a one - stop solution. you can master hundreds of math topics by using tulyn. at tulyn, we have over 2000 math video tutorial clips including combinations videos, combinations practice word problems, combinations questions and answers, and combinations worksheets our combinations videos replace text - based tutorials and give you better step - by - step explanations of combinations. watch each video repeatedly until you understand how to approach combinations problems and how to solve them. - hundreds of video tutorials on combinations make it easy for you to better understand the concept. how to do better on combinations : tulyn makes combinations easy. probability and statistics : combinations wordproblems a mall has 12 clothing stores a mall has 12 clothing stores, 9 shoe stores and 5 electrical stores. in how many ways can a person shopping at this mall go to 5 clothing... a jar of marbles contains 6 yellow and 8 red marbles a jar of marbles contains 6 yellow and 8 red marbles. three marbles are selected at random. a ) how many different groups of three marbles are possible? b ) how many groups of three marbles will contain only red... john wants to paint four rooms john wants to paint four rooms in his house, each a different color and he may choose from seven different colors of... steve and joe were discussing steve and joe were discussing how many different five - card combinations of standard playing cards have exactly two...


light glowing from a " super - earth " planet beyond our solar system has been detected by nasa ’ s spitzer telescope. until now, scientists have never been able to detect infrared light emanating from 55 cancri e, a super - hot extrasolar planet twice the size and eight times the mass of our own. 55 cancri e is one of five exoplanets orbiting a bright star named 55 cancri in a solar system lying in the constellation of cancer ( the crab ). previously, spitzer and other telescopes were able to study the planet by observing how the light from 55 cancri changed as the planet passed in front of the star. in the new study, spitzer instead measured how much infrared light came from the planet itself – revealing some of the planet ’ s major features. at 41 - light years from earth, the giant planet is considered uninhabitable. the giant planet is tidally locked, so one side always faces the star. the telescope found that the sun - facing side is extremely hot, indicating the planet probably does not have a substantial atmosphere to carry the sun ' s heat to the unlit side. [ related content : amazing nasa footage shows how the earth looks from space ] on its sun - facing side, the surface has a temperature of 1, 727 celsius – or 3, 140 degrees fahrenheit – that ’ s hot enough to melt silver or aluminium. the new findings are consistent with a previous theory that 55 cancri e is a water world : a rocky core surrounded by a layer of water in a " supercritical " state where it is both liquid and gas, and topped by a blanket of steam. bill danchi, spitzer programme scientist at nasa, said : “ spitzer has amazed us yet again. the spacecraft is pioneering the study of atmospheres of distant planets and paving the way for nasa ' s upcoming james webb space telescope to apply a similar technique on potentially habitable planets. ” michael werner, who also works on the spitzer project, added : “ when we conceived of spitzer more than 40 years ago, exoplanets hadn ' t even been discovered. because spitzer was built very well, it ' s been able to adapt to this new field and make historic advances such as this. ” the planet was first discovered in 2004 and the new findings are published in the current issue of astrophysical journal letters.


places - franklin, “ canaday - i - o ” the major recurring theme in these folksongs from maine and maritime canada is the flow of cultural products and people within the area of new hampshire, maine, and eastern canada. but while this cultural and demographic exchange helped define the region, it did not mean there was no rivalry or animosity between states, provinces, or nations. within the woods song - making tradition was a subset of satirical songs that ranged from poking fun at individuals and places to utterly scandalizing them, and this was very much alive in the northeastern united states and eastern canada. in some labor traditions, this type of song served as a form of protest, but among lumbermen this was not usually the case. what purpose did they serve? some scholars suggest they served as a means of control over bosses, preventing them from being hard - driving skinflints. the argument suggests that as a boss, if someone “ songed ” you, then other men would know not to go to work for you and business would collapse. yet, so many satirical songs were written that if this were the case, then no one would have been able to find men willing to work in the woods. it was more likely that this was primarily a way of blowing off steam after a hard day, week, or winter in the woods. “ canaday - i - o ” is thus an interesting case in point, as it takes this latter point to its extreme. the song did not merely mock an individual or a single lumber outfit ; rather, it attacked the entire canadian lumbering industry. scholars generally attribute the song to ephraim braley, a maine woodsman, and point to 1854 as its probable date of origin. of course, canada was not yet an independent nation, and the song cites “ three rivers ” ( or, trois - rivieres, quebec ) as the launching point for the woods crew, thus the song may be more specifically criticizing quebec alone and not all of canada. “ canaday - i - o ” was based on an english sea song called “ canada - i - o, ” and ultimately an even older love song called “ caledonia. ” from maine, the song carried westward, morphing into complaints about woods work in pennsylvania and michigan, and eventually a gripe song about skinning buffalo called “ the buffalo skinners, ” which was found in texas. in this song, a “ preacher of the gospel ” convinces some mainers to travel to quebec for a winter. this was


, and eventually a gripe song about skinning buffalo called “ the buffalo skinners, ” which was found in texas. in this song, a “ preacher of the gospel ” convinces some mainers to travel to quebec for a winter. this was not, however, a man of the cloth recruiting loggers. according to fannie hardy eckstorm, this was a slang term for an agent who hired men to work in the woods. the version of the song heard here is slightly shorter than versions collected elsewhere, such as the one printed in eckstorm and smyth ’ s minstrelsy of maine. these forgotten verses do not change the story, they just make the winter in canada seem slightly less disastrous. come all ye jolly lumbermen, and listen to my song, but do not get discouraged, the length it is not long, concerning of some lumbermen, who did agree to go and spend one pleasant winter up in canaday - i - o. it happened late one season in the fall of fifty - three, that a preacher of the gospel one morning came to me ; says he : “ my jolly fellow, how would you like to go and spend one pleasant winter up in canaday - i - o? ” to him i quickly made reply, and unto him did say : “ in going out to canaday depends upon the pay. if you will pay good wages, my passage to and fro, then i think i ’ ll go along with you to canaday - i - o. ” “ yes, we will pay good wages, and will pay your passage out, provided you sign papers that you will stay the route ; but if you do get homesick, and swear that home you ’ ll go, we never can your passage pay from canaday - i - o. ” it was by his gift of flattery he enlisted quite a train, some twenty - five or thirty, both well and able men ; we had a pleasant journey o ’ er the road we had to go ‘ til we landed at three rivers, up in canaday - i - o. but there our joys were ended, and our sorrows did begin ; fields, phillips, and norcross they then came marching in ; they scattered us all directions, some where i do not know, among those jabbering frenchmen up in canaday - i - o. after we had suffered there some eight or ten long weeks we arrived at headquarters, up among the lakes ; we thought we ’ d find a paradise, at


not know, among those jabbering frenchmen up in canaday - i - o. after we had suffered there some eight or ten long weeks we arrived at headquarters, up among the lakes ; we thought we ’ d find a paradise, at least they told us so, god grant there may is no worse a hell than canaday - i - o! to describe what we have suffered here is beyond the art of man, but to give a fair description i will do the best i can ; our food the dogs would snarl at, our beds were on the snow, we suffered worse than murderers up in canaday - i - o. but now our lumbering is over and we are returning home, to greet our wives and sweethearts and never more to roam, to greet our friends and neighbors ; we tell them not to go to that gosh darn forsaken place called canaday - i - o. sources : for “ canaday - i - o ” see eckstorm, fannie hardy and mary winslow smyth. minstrelsy of maine : folk - songs and ballads of the woods and the coast. boston and new york : houghton mifflin company, 1927, 21 - 25 ; gray, ronald palmer. songs and ballads of the maine lumberjacks with other songs from maine. cambridge : harvard university press, 1924, 37 - 40 ; linscott, eloise hubbard. folk songs of old new england. new york : macmillan co., 1939, 181 - 83 ; fowke, edith. lumbering songs from the northern woods. austin : university of texas press, 1970, 28 - 29 ; & fowke, edith fulton and richard johnston. folk songs of canada. waterloo, ontario : waterloo music company, 1954, 68 - 69. for “ canada - i - o ” see leach, macedward. folk ballads and songs of the lower labrador coast. ottawa : national museum of canada, 1965, 230 - 31 ; huntington, e. g. sam henry ’ s songs of the people. revised, with additions and indexes by lani herrmann. athens : university of georgia press, 1990, 333 - 34. also see laws. g. malcolm. native american balladry. philadelphia : the american folklore society, 1964, 155 ( c17 ) ; & discussion in ives, edward d. larry gorman : the man who made the songs. fredericton, nb : goose lane editions, 1993, 170, 181.


the intergovernmental panel on climate change ( ipcc ) has a well established role in the convention process in communicating scientific information to the convention through its regular assessment reports and its wide range of special reports and technical papers. although it does not carry out its own research, it plays a key role in assessing the information from worldwide climate research in peer - reviewed literature, journals, books and other sources. it also has an important function in identifying priority needs for further research activities. research on climate and issues connected with climate change is carried out nationally, regionally and internationally. internationally, climate - related research is coordinated by a variety of international programmes and organizations ; some of the major ones being the international council for science ( icsu ), the world climate research programme ( wcrp ), the international geosphere – biosphere programme ( igbp ), the international human dimensions programme on global environmental change ( ihdp ), diversitas. in addition, a number of regional networks promote and support climate - relevant research activities, including activities to enhance research capacity in the regions, such as the inter - american institute for global change research ( iai ) and the asia - pacific network for global change research ( apn ). the unfccc secretariat works in close collaboration with a variety of international and regional research programmes and organizations active in climate change - related research and facilitates dialogue and communication on the research needs and priorities expressed by parties of the convention to the scientific community. in addition, parties regularly report on their national and cooperative research activities and their contributions to climate science, as well as emerging research needs and priorities, in their


some say the custom of bobbing for apples dates all the way back to pre - christian ireland and the pagan festival of samhain, though there ' s little documentary evidence to support this. apple bobbing also been popularly associated with pomona, the ancient roman goddess of fruits, trees, and gardens in whose honor a festival was supposedly held each year on november first. but that, too, stands on shaky historical ground, apparently, as some question whether such a festival ever actually existed. we can say with more certainty that the game of apple bobbing goes back at least a few hundred years, that it originated in the british isles ( ireland and scotland in particular ), and that it originally had something to do with fortune telling. british author w. h. davenport adams, who attributed belief in the prognosticative power of apples to " old celtic fairy lore, " described the game as follows in his 1902 book, curiosities of superstition : [ the apples ] are thrown into a tub of water, and you endeavour to catch one in your mouth as they bob round and round in provoking fashion. when you have caught one, you peel it carefully, and pass the long strip of peel thrice, sunwise, round your head ; after which you throw it over your shoulder, and it falls to the ground in the shape of the initial letter of your true love ' s name. other halloween divination games traditionally played in various parts of great britain included " snap apple " similar to bobbing for apples except the fruit is hung from the ceiling on strings and naming nutshells after prospective love interests and placing them near a fire to see which would burn steadily indicating true love and which would crack or pop and fly off the hearth revealing a passing fancy. accordingly, halloween used to be known as " snap - apple night " or " nutcrack night " in places where these customs were observed. • traditional halloween divination games from ireland - startpage. ie • halloween : an american holiday, an american history - by lesley pratt bannatyne


geocaching isn ’ t just for science class or the serious geography geek! a cache is simply a hiding place, and caching is hiding something like a treasure. nature is full of treasures waiting to be explored. a popular movement called “ geocaching ” gets folks outside with their gps units to find treasures hidden by other geocachers. if you haven ’ t tried it yet, it ’ s great fun! ( www. geocaching. com ) folks are geocaching all over the world! many educators are taking that idea to the classroom to do campus investigations. now you might expect that it ’ s the science teacher out looking at nature, but surprise your students in english language arts class with an outdoors writing assignment! realizing that not all classrooms are created equally, here are some low - tech options as well as the spiffy high - tech ones. either have students locate specific cached items or let them explore the landscape for surprises. anyway you do it, get creative and allow the students to explore their creativity. 1. create a map of your site with destinations. use a hand - drawn map with destinations or use a tool like sketch - a - map ( http : / / edgis. org / sketch ) to create your map for students. 2. students can create a poem or story based on the destinations on the map. nature is an excellent way to pull more adjectives out of a student. i used a similar activity with my students in my book, reading, writing and thinking around the globe : geospatial technologies for english language arts classroom and beyond ( www. barbareeduke. com ) where students create topographic and geographic definitions for words. visualizing vocabulary can help cement those words into a student ’ s personal dictionary. 1. using your school ’ s or a set of loaner gps units ( www. gisetc. com ). set up waypoints with caches. perhaps the students find words, phrases or starters for writing assignments. they could take photos and return to the classroom with real experiences. don ’ t think that you have to have green spaces and trees to make this work. urban explorations could be quite powerful as well! perhaps tell the stories of graffiti or buildings changing over time. 2. perhaps you decide to pair the gps units with cameras ( a reason for kids to use those cell phones ) to create a photo essay. just ask national geographic if photos have a story to tell ( http : / / photography. nationalgeographic. com / photography


decide to pair the gps units with cameras ( a reason for kids to use those cell phones ) to create a photo essay. just ask national geographic if photos have a story to tell ( http : / / photography. nationalgeographic. com / photography /? source = navphohome )! 3. another option is to use a smart phone application. i have a gps app on my iphone ( motionx gps ) that integrates a picture and text with my waypoint. i can email this waypoint with the photo and text attached, and then view it in a virtual globe application like arcgis explorer ( http : / / www. esri. com / arcgisexplorer ) or google earth ( http : / / earth. google. com ), another educational reason for kids to use that cell phone at school. because applications like arcgis explorer are equipped with a simple presentation creator, as a next step, you could combine all the stories and photos for a class - wide virtual tour. 4. for the more adventurous, you might like to check out a project called “ confluencing ” ( www. confluence. org ). this calls for a gps unit and some planning. check out some of my adventures with my friend, dr. joseph kerski. ( http : / / www. confluence. org / confluence. php? visitid = 14853 ). the post - adventure writing is the star here. you could take this same approach with your geocaching explorations as well, a detailed story of who, what, where, when, why and how is great practice for all those persuasive writing assignments! the moral of the story here is : expand the borders of your classroom. think beyond the text book and computer screen. engage students with outdoor spatial experiences and watch their writing transform!


the united states ’ national pow / mia recognition day is observed across the nation on the third friday of september each year. americans take this time to remember prisoners of war ( pow ) and recognize those who are still missing in action ( mia ). many veterans organizations commemorate this day by setting an extra space at an empty table and saying a few words of remembrance. known as the “ pow / mia table ceremony ”, it reminds us that we can “ never forget ” the soldiers of america who have not come home : - as you entered the dining area this evening, you may have noticed a small table in the place of honor near our head table. it is set for one. the military caste is filled with symbolism. this table is our way of symbolizing the fact that the members of our profession of arms are missing from our midst. they are commonly called, pow / mia. we call them brothers. they are unable to be with us this evening and so we remember them because of their incarceration. - this table set for one is small, symbolizing the frailty of one prisoner alone against his oppressors. remember! - the tablecloth is white, symbolizing the purity of their intentions to respond to their country ’ s call to arms. remember! - the single rose displayed in a vase reminds us of the families and loved ones of our comrades - in - arms who kept the faith awaiting their return. remember! - the red ribbon tied so prominently on the vase is reminiscent of the red ribbon worn upon the lapel and breasts of thousands who bear witness to their unyielding determination to demand a proper accounting of our missing. remember! - a slice of lemon is on the bread plate to remind us of their bitter fate. remember! - there is salt upon the bread plate symbolic of families ’ tears as they wait. remember! - the glass is inverted, they cannot toast with us this night. remember! - the chair, the chair is empty, they are not here. remember! ” the national league of families ’ pow / mia flag symbolizes the united states ’ resolve to never forget pows or those who served their country in conflicts and are still missing. newt heisley designed the flag. the flag ’ s design features a silhouette of a young man, which is based on mr heisley ’ s son, who was medically discharged from the military. as mr heisley looked at his returning son ’ s gaunt features, he imagined what life was for those behind barbed wire fences on foreign


learn how to protect yourself, identify and manage sexually transmitted diseases that can managed yet not be cured. among this group are herpes, hpv and hiv. listen in to sex educator amy levine from cherry tv as she provides all you need to know to stay safe. hi! welcome to cherry tv ' s fresh advice. my name is amy levine. today, we ' re talking about viral sexually transmitted diseases, stds that can be treated but not cured. the centers for disease control and prevention estimates that one in four americans have an std. so it ' s important to be aware and understand that any new partner you hook up with, could potentially be infected. viral stds are caused by a virus, meaning there are treatments to make the disease manageable, but no cure. common viral infections include herpes, hpv and hiv, all of which i will talk about today. here are the basics. first is herpes. it ' s estimated that one in five people have genital herpes. this std is transmitted to direct skin to skin contact with an infected area, whether or not symptoms are present during sex. females and males are both at risk. if there are signs, they can look like a nick, cut, rash, blister, or sore, on or around the genital area or anus. there could be one or there could be more. these can be caused by the two types of herpes, 1 and 2. herpes 1 is often on the mouth and known as cold sores that can also be transmitted through kissing. a herpes infection can feel like the flu. when you ' re infected with the virus, it ' s possible to have no visible signs when it ' s latent in your body. however, once it becomes active, the outbreaks can occur more frequently with or without the symptoms. when someone has herpes they can take daily suppressive therapy, medication that can lower the chance of passing it on to sex partners, or when someone has an outbreak, they can take medicine to make the outbreak subside faster. a lot of people have herpes, so the stigma has lessened over the years. well, it can be a nuisance, it ' s doesn ' t lead to serious health problems. the next is hpv. this std is the most common. some estimate that 80 % of sexually active people will get hpv at some points in their lives. it ' s spread through vaginal and / or anal sex with an infected


. the next is hpv. this std is the most common. some estimate that 80 % of sexually active people will get hpv at some points in their lives. it ' s spread through vaginal and / or anal sex with an infected partner. there are many types of hpv, but most people who have genital hpv, don ' t even know they have it, since there are often no symptoms, plus it often goes away by itself without causing any sort of detectable health problem. however, if you have it, you can transmit it. when symptoms occur, they are usually in the form of flat or raised warts on or around the female and male genitals, anus and the woman cervix. some warts can grow in size and need to removed by a health practitioner. some strains of hpv don ' t cause warts, because cell changes. the cervix is the most common area it affects. if undetected, in some cases, this type of hpv infection can lead to cervical cancer. gardasil is a vaccine that prevents some of the most common kinds of hpv infection. it can protect against the two types that cause cervical cancer and two types that cause genital warts. this vaccine is highly recommended for all females, 11 - 26 years old, and is most effective in those who have not been infected with these types of hpv. women can be tested by a healthcare provider for the presence of the hpv virus, but men can ' t. they often never know they have it yet pass it on to their partner. last, we have hiv and aids. hiv is sexually transmitted through blood, vaginal and seminal fluids during vaginal, anal and / or oral sex. the virus can be present in pre - ejaculate and menstrual fluid, but not saliva. many people have hiv, but experience no symptoms for years. so they don ' t even know they ' re infected. when symptoms do occur, they are often mistaken for the flu. hiv can lead to aids, which is usually fatal. aids damages the immune system making one susceptible to all kinds of infections. while many people have died of aids, some people live for decades with hiv. at this point, there is no vaccine. other viral stds include hepatitis b and molluscum contagiosum. you can find out more about them as well as testing and treatment options for all stds through the resources listed at the end.


this point, there is no vaccine. other viral stds include hepatitis b and molluscum contagiosum. you can find out more about them as well as testing and treatment options for all stds through the resources listed at the end. to protect yourself and your partner from stds, there are three things to keep in mind. first, use condom from the start of sexual encounters involving vaginal, anal and / or oral sex, dental dams on a woman. it ' s the only sure - fire way to reduce your risk. second, if you or your partner have contracted a viral std, it ' s important that this information is disclosed before you become intimate. being honest isn ' t always easy, but it ' s the right thing to do. third, it ' s important that you and your partner, both know it ' s normal for each of you. so if symptoms are present you know and can get checked out by your doctor or by going to a clinic like planned parenthood, right away. for more information, visit the following websites. www. cdcnpin. org / stdawareness / www. ashastd. org thanks for watching. i am amy levine with cherry tv ' s fresh advice on cherrytv. com. check out our archives for more great sex information.


laura formed as a slightly unusual sub - tropical storm in the northern mid - atlantic on september 29, 2008. subtropical storms are hybrids of tropical storm systems and extratropical storms, forming in cooler waters farther north ( or south ) of the usual hurricane formation regions. laura formed quite far north, well away from major land masses. as of september 30, the national hurricane center predicted that the storm could hit scotland by october 4. with peak sustained winds of around 95 kilometers per hour ( 55 miles per hour ), laura was a powerful storm, but not hurricane strength. it was unlikely that the storm would ever become a hurricane, but forecasters expected the storm to remain near its september 30 strength for several days. this data visualization was made with observations from the quikscat satellite taken on september 30, 2008, at 5 : 39 a. m. local time ( 7 : 39 utc ). it shows laura as a tight ball of circular winds around a calmer core. the image depicts wind speed in color and wind direction with small barbs. white barbs point to areas of heavy rain. quikscat measurements of the wind strength of laura and other cyclones ( the generic term for typhoons, hurricanes, and similar storms ) can be slower than actual wind speeds. quikscat ’ s scatterometer sends pulses of microwave energy through the atmosphere to the ocean surface and measures the energy that bounces back from the wind - roughened surface. the energy of the microwave pulses changes depending on wind speed and direction. to relate the radar signal to actual wind speed, scientists compare measurements taken from buoys and other ground stations to data the satellite acquired at the same time and place. because the high wind speeds generated by cyclones are rare, scientists do not have corresponding ground information to know how to translate data from the satellite for wind speeds above 50 knots ( about 93 km / hr or 58 mph ). peak winds in laura measured in other ways are near this extreme limit, so values from quikscat may not be reliable near the core of the storm system. also, the unusually heavy rain found in a cyclone distorts the microwave pulses in a number of ways, making a conversion to exact wind speed difficult. instead, the scatterometer provides a nice picture of the relative wind speeds within the storm and shows wind direction.


the savage islands, or ilhas selvagens in portuguese, are a small archipelago in the eastern north atlantic ocean between the archipelago of madeira to the north and the canary islands to the south. like these other island groups, the savage islands are thought to have been produced by volcanism related to a mantle plume or “ hot spot. ” typically, volcanoes are fueled by magma being generated where tectonic plates are colliding or being pulled apart. the active volcanoes remain at the plate boundaries, even as the plates shift. mantle plumes, in contrast, are relatively fixed regions of upwelling magma that can feed volcanoes on an overlying tectonic plate. when a tectonic plate passes over the mantle plume, active volcanoes form, but they become dormant as they are carried away from the hot spot on the moving tectonic plate. over geologic time, this creates a line of older, extinct volcanoes, seamounts, and islands extending from the active volcanoes that are currently over the plume. these two astronaut photographs illustrate the northern ( top ) and southern ( bottom ) savage islands. the two views were taken 13 seconds apart from the international space station ; the geographic center points of the images are separated by about 15 kilometers. selvagem grande, with an approximate area of 4 square kilometers, is the largest of the islands. the smaller and more irregularly - shaped ilheus do norte, ilheu de fora, and selvagem pequena are visible at the center of the lower image. spain and portugal both claim sovereignty over the savage islands. all of the islands of the archipelago are ringed by bright white breaking waves along the fringing beaches. reefs that surround the savage islands make it very difficult to land boats there, and there is no permanent settlement on the islands. the islands serve as nesting sites for several species of seabird including petrels and shearwaters, and they are included on the tentative list of additional unesco world heritage sites.


can you imagine living back in the day of fred flintstone? where cars were powered by feet instead of gasoline, and traveling by air consisted of climbing on top of the next available pterodactyl instead of sitting comfortably inside of an airplane. and instead of the ever present email we have today, the flintstones had to chisel out their notes in stone, which never took more than a few seconds, and then a bird that needed to make a living would grip the stone in its beak and fly it to the proper recipient. birds must have been smarter back then and their beaks stronger than they are today. thank goodness technology has evolved and we don ' t have to worry about chiseling out a business report or family newsletter anymore. today we just go to the nearest computer, open up the word processing software and type away. within a brief period of time we have a nice - looking, completely legible piece of information that we can print out or for faster service, we can email a document anywhere in the world and it shows up in minutes. we have definitely come a long way since the fred flintstone days. so how did word processors evolve? wikipedia states that ibm invented the term " word processing " in the 1960s. by 1971 it was officially recognized by the new york times as a " buzz word. " however, back then word processors were much different than they are in today ' s modern society. when the term was first used it referred to typing on semi - automatic typewriters and using dictating machines. information was typed and then stored on magnetic tape or cards that could later be used for corrections and additional copies. however, if you were typing a form letter each one still had to be inserted into the typewriter to change in the variable data such as names and dates. later a calculator and word processors were interfaced to come up with an even more modern word processing system. each time the enter key was pressed the typed data would be stored on a cassette tape. the information could later be viewed and edited. after realizing what a breakthrough this had become, innovations continued. the next idea was to add a screen. no more printing out page after page to review corrected information and text. this was definitely something that would help companies and individuals alike in their scribing needs. secretaries became worried that they would lose their jobs because they would have no place in the office workforce. however, just the opposite came true. faster and more efficient typing on word processors meant more could be done in a


faqs : japan nuclear concerns what is the current risk of radiation - related health problems in japan for those residing near the reactor in comparison to those in other parts of japan? - during the early phase of the nuclear emergency radiation - related health were dependant on exposure, which is turn were due to several things, including : the amount and type of radiation released from the reactor ; weather conditions, such as wind and rain ; a person ’ s proximity to the plant ; and the amount of time spent in irradiated areas. - the government of japan ’ s early actions in response to events at the fukushima daiichi nuclear power plant were in line with the existing recommendations for radiation exposure. the government has evacuated individuals who were living within a 20 - kilometre radius around the fukushima daiichi plant. those living between 20 km and 30 km from the plant were asked to evacuate voluntarily. in general, people living farther away of the site of the event are at lower risk than those who live nearby. - in light of evolving new information on levels of environmental radioactivity in the 20 - 30 km zone and some surrounding areas beyond the 30km zone, the government of japan established new planned evacuation zones from which residents were relocated to temporary housing based on the estimated cumulative doses they may receive in the 1 year following the accident. - in addition, an emergency evacuation preparedness zone was also identified in which residents were asked to prepare their affairs in case they were asked to evacuate. these zones also follow administrative boundaries and extend beyond the 30 km radius. is there a risk of radioactive exposure from food contamination? - yes, there is a risk of exposure as a result of contamination in food. - however, contaminated food would have to be consumed over prolonged periods to represent a risk to human health. - the radioactive iodine and caesium in concentrations above the japanese regulatory limits have been detected in some food commodities as a result of food monitoring - japanese authorities have advised residents to avoid these food and have implemented measures to prevent their sale and distribution. are there health risks to people living outside of japan from radiation emitted into the atmosphere from damaged japanese nuclear power plants? thus far, there are no health risks to people living in other countries from radioactive material released into the atmosphere from the japanese nuclear power plants. radiation levels measured to date in other countries are far below the level of background radiation that most people are exposed to in every day circumstances. radiation levels have been monitored by the preparatory commission for the comprehensive nuclear - test - ban treaty organization ( ctbto )


the maldives has set itself a tough target to be the world ’ s first unesco biosphere reserve nation and it aims to win the accolade by 2017. the indian ocean nation has put together an implementation plan to run between 2013 and 2017 that will see more than half of the nations island atolls implementing the ‘ biosphere approach ’ management plan. once over half the islands come nder the new plan it will trigger the ability for the nation to apply to the united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization ( unesco ) to have the entire country and its exclusive economic zone classed as a biosphere reserve. the whole country of maldives will be a unesco biosphere reserve by 2017 – where public support for conservation of the country ’ s remarkable environment secures a vibrant green economy and a good quality of life for all maldivians. “ the whole country of maldives will be a unesco biosphere reserve by 2017 – where public support for conservation of the country ’ s remarkable environment secures a vibrant green economy and a good quality of life for all maldivians, ” said dr mariyam shakeela, minister of environment and energy, republic of maldives. the implementation plan, maldives as a biosphere reserve : an implementation plan 2013 - 2017, sets a road - map for 2013 to 2017, after which the plan will be updated based on progress and lessons learned. the plan will be implemented by and for different atolls in a stepwise fashion, based on their readiness to adopt the “ biosphere approach ”. the plan was endorsed by the cabinet of ministers in january 2013, showing the commitment from all stakeholders to this plan. the president of the maldives signalled intentions in june 2012, at the un conference on sustainable development, rio + 20 meeting in rio de janeiro, brazil, to significantly ramp up efforts to protect the marine environment. the president outlined plans to implement a de - centralised system for environmental management and sustainable development, and was inspired by the success achieved in designating baa atoll as the first unesco biosphere reserve in maldives. become a ‘ nation biosphere reserve ’ will also lead to the maldives becoming a champion of the aichi targets. these targets form the basis of an internationally agreed strategy to address the loss of global biodiversity. there are 20 targets that signatory nations have agreed to meet by the year 2020, convention on biological diversity ( cbd ) executive secretary braulio ferreira de souza dias said : “ this pledge from the maldives is extraordinary in size and potential impact. we should expect that it will be an inspiration to


key : " s : " = show synset ( semantic ) relations, " w : " = show word ( lexical ) relations display options for sense : ( gloss ) " an example sentence " - s : ( v ) compel, oblige, obligate ( force somebody to do something ) " we compel all students to fill out this form " - direct troponym / full troponym - s : ( v ) force, thrust ( impose urgently, importunately, or inexorably ) " she forced her diet fads on him " - s : ( v ) stick, sting ( saddle with something disagreeable or disadvantageous ) " they stuck me with the dinner bill " ; " i was stung with a huge tax bill " - s : ( v ) walk ( make walk ) " he walks the horse up the mountain " ; " walk the dog twice a day " - s : ( v ) parade, exhibit, march ( walk ostentatiously ) " she parades her new husband around town " - s : ( v ) march ( cause to march or go at a marching pace ) " they marched the mules into the desert " - s : ( v ) coerce, hale, squeeze, pressure, force ( to cause to do through pressure or necessity, by physical, moral or intellectual means ) " she forced him to take a job in the city " ; " he squeezed her for information " - s : ( v ) turn up the heat, turn up the pressure ( apply great or increased pressure ) " the democrats turned up the heat on their candidate to concede the election " - s : ( v ) drive ( to compel or force or urge relentlessly or exert coercive pressure on, or motivate strongly ) " she is driven by her passion " - s : ( v ) bludgeon ( overcome or coerce as if by using a heavy club ) " the teacher bludgeoned the students into learning the math formulas " - s : ( v ) steamroller, steamroll ( bring to a specified state by overwhelming force or pressure ) " the senator steamrollered the bill to defeat " - s : ( v ) squeeze for ( squeeze someone for money, information, etc. ) - s : ( v ) dragoon, sandbag, railroad ( compel by coercion, threats, or crude means ) " they sandbagged him to make dinner for everyone " - s : ( v ) terrorize


etc. ) - s : ( v ) dragoon, sandbag, railroad ( compel by coercion, threats, or crude means ) " they sandbagged him to make dinner for everyone " - s : ( v ) terrorize, terrorise ( coerce by violence or with threats ) - s : ( v ) bring oneself ( cause to undertake a certain action, usually used in the negative ) " he could not bring himself to call his parents " - s : ( v ) clamor ( compel someone to do something by insistent clamoring ) " they clamored the mayor into building a new park " - s : ( v ) condemn ( compel or force into a particular state or activity ) " his devotion to his sick wife condemned him to a lonely existence " - s : ( v ) shame ( compel through a sense of shame ) " she shamed him into making amends " - s : ( v ) enforce, implement, apply ( ensure observance of laws and rules ) " apply the rules to everyone " - s : ( v ) run, execute ( carry out a process or program, as on a computer or a machine ) " run the dishwasher " ; " run a new program on the mac " ; " the computer executed the instruction " - s : ( v ) execute ( carry out the legalities of ) " execute a will or a deed " - s : ( v ) give ( execute and deliver ) " give bond " - s : ( v ) enforce, impose, constrain ( compel to behave in a certain way ) " social relations impose courtesy " ; " duty constrains one to act often contrary to one ' s desires or inclinations " - direct hypernym / inherited hypernym / sister term - s : ( v ) induce, stimulate, cause, have, get, make ( cause to do ; cause to act in a specified manner ) " the ads induced me to buy a vcr " ; " my children finally got me to buy a computer " ; " my wife made me buy a new sofa " - derivationally related form - w : ( n ) compulsion [ related to : compel ] ( using force to cause something to occur ) " though pressed into rugby under compulsion i began to enjoy the game " ; " they didn ' t have to use coercion " - w : ( n ) obligation [ related to : oblige, obligate ] ( the social force that binds


| direct imaging of asymmetric magnetization reversal | the phenomenon of exchange bias has transformed how data is read on magnetic hard disks and created an explosion in their information storage density. however, it remains poorly understood, and even the fundamental mechanism of magnetic reversal for exchange - biased systems in changing magnetic fields is unclear. by using x - ray photoemission electron microscopy at the als to directly image the magnetic structure of an exchange - biased film, a team from the university of washington and the stanford synchrotron radiation laboratory has identified separate magnetic - reversal mechanisms in the two branches of a hysteresis loop. this advance in fundamental understanding will provide new insights for developing the next generation of information storage and sensing devices where exchange bias is expected to play a critical role. there are two basic energies involved in the manipulation and control of the magnetic properties of materials. exchange controls magnetic order, and anisotropy controls magnetic orientation. a soft ferromagnet such as iron has a large exchange parameter but a small anisotropy, making ferromagnetic order stable at higher temperatures but with an unpredictable orientation of the magnetization, especially in structures of nanoscale dimensions. on the other hand, many antiferromagnets have weak exchange interactions ( low ordering or neel temperatures ) but large anisotropies that result in very stable orientations. exchange bias arises when a thin ferromagnetic film is grown on an antiferromagnet and the resulting heterostructure is cooled in a magnetic field through the neel temperature of the antiferromagnet. as a result of exchange coupling between the layers, the ferromagnet both retains a stable order and gains a higher anisotropy at room temperature. moreover, the unidirectional character of the anisotropy results in a shifted hysteresis loop that is now centered on a non - zero magnetic field. this exchange bias makes the ferromagnet an excellent magnetic reference layer in modern nanolayer magnetic devices because it is very difficult to demagnetize it. more than fifty years of research has provided varying insight into the exchange - bias phenomenon but not yet a comprehensive description of all its salient features. to gain more insight, the washington – stanford team resorted to x - ray photoemission electron microscopy ( peem ) imaging of high - quality single - crystal ferromagnetic iron epitaxially grown on antiferromagnetic mnpd ( all on an mg


– stanford team resorted to x - ray photoemission electron microscopy ( peem ) imaging of high - quality single - crystal ferromagnetic iron epitaxially grown on antiferromagnetic mnpd ( all on an mgo substrate ), samples that had been previously well - characterized magnetically and structurally. at an iron absorption resonance, absorption of circularly polarized x rays at als beamline 184. 108. 40. 206 is sensitive to the angle between the magnetization within a ferromagnetic domain and the polarization vector. with the peem - 2 microscope, this x - ray magnetic circular dichroism ( xmcd ) effect allows an exact determination of the direction of the local domain magnetization at the surface of ferromagnets with a spatial resolution of 50 nm or less. by means of xmcd measurements taken at points in hysteresis loops with the applied field in different crystallographic directions of the iron ferromagnet, the team has accumulated the first direct imaging evidence for an asymmetry in the magnetic - reversal mechanism in exchange - biased systems, evidence that until now has only been inferred indirectly by measurements such as neutron scattering. normally, magnetic reversal in ferromagnets occurs either by coherent rotation of magnetic moments in the domain or by nucleation and growth of reverse domains. generally, the mechanism is determined by the material microstructure and is symmetric with respect to the applied field, i. e., it is the same in both branches of the hysteresis loop. however, the team found that in exchanged - biased ferromagnetic iron, the magnetization reversal occurs by moment rotation for decreasing fields, while it proceeds by domain nucleation and growth for increasing fields. the observed domains are also consistent with the crystallography of the bilayers and favor a configuration that minimizes the overall magnetostatic energy of the ferromagnetic layer. research conducted by p. blomqvist and k. m. krishnan ( university of washington ) and h. ohldag ( stanford synchrotron radiation laboratory ). research funding : u. s. department of energy, office of basic energy sciences ( bes ). operation of the als is supported by bes. publication about this research : p. blomqvist, k. m. krishnan, and h. ohldag, " direct imaging of asymmetric magnetization reversal in exchange - biased


app descriptiondownload this application and watch all episodes of ramanand sagar ' s mahabharata ( hindi ) with english subtitles. this is a series of tv shows that have left an incredible impression in hearts and minds of viewers world wide. the mahabharata is the longest sanskrit epic ever written, mahabharata has a collection of more than 74, 000 verses, divided into 18 books. the mahabharata story is much revered in india and basically among the hindus. the mahabharata contains the bhagawad gita, the famous gospel of duty that was taught to the great warrior, arjuna by lord krishna. the mahabharata dwells on the aspect of the important goals of a human being in his mortal life. the epic aims at making people realize the relation between the individual and the society and how they both are inter dependent on each other. read on further a summary of mahabharata, the greatest epic ever. the epic revolves around the struggle for the throne of the kingdom of hastinapura. the struggle is between two branches of the same family, the kauravas and pandavas. the kauravas were collectively the hundred sons of the blind king dhritarashtra and the pandavas were the five sons of pandu, who died of a curse. the five brothers named yudhisthira ( eldest son ), arjuna, bheema, nakula and sahdeva were always obedient and dutiful, which made them the most loved in the kingdom. each of the pandavas had a special virtue in them that made them stand apart from the rest of the world. this made the kauravas hate them and they planned many devious ways to get rid of them. as time went by, the pandavas got married and shared a common wife named draupadi. the kauravas got even more enraged and challenged the pandavas to a game of gamble. the pandavas lost and were banished from the kingdom for an exile of 12 years. there was a condition that if they were recognized by the end of 12 years, they would have to begin from scratch. one of the most important and dramatic character in this epic is lord krishna. he was the sole advisor, guide and true friend of the pandavas and helped them in each and every difficulty in their exile. he is said to be the incarnation of god, who came to earth in human form to relieve the world of evil people and restore faith in his devotees. during the great


of the pandavas and helped them in each and every difficulty in their exile. he is said to be the incarnation of god, who came to earth in human form to relieve the world of evil people and restore faith in his devotees. during the great battle of kurukshetra fought between the kauravas and the pandavas, lord krishna took upon himself the duty of driving arjuna ' s chariot. he imparted the valuable and practical lessons of the bhagawad gita, a text of the conversation between lord krishna and arjuna, where lord krishna shows arjuna a glimpse of his majestic divine form. the pandavas won the battle and ruled over hastinapura for a number of years. it is said that dhritarashtra and his wife retired into the forest to lead a stress - free life of an ascetic and krishna left after around thirty six years after the battle took place. when the pandavas realized that it was time to leave this earth, they all set out on a journey towards the north on foot. it is said that the gates of heaven opened on the northern horizon. one by one they dropped dead, until yudhisthira finally reached the gates of heaven to be united once again with his brothers and wife. february 15, 2013 initial release


alternate names : sexual abuse, sexual assault rape is the physical act of attacking another person and forcing that person to have sex. it is the illegal sexual penetration of any body opening. rape can happen to men, women, and children. it is often violent, although sometimes the threat is only implied. rape can also occur without the victim knowing about it. this can happen if the victim is unconscious, intoxicated, or high on drugs. male rapists usually have an extreme hatred for women. they may feel inadequate and have problems with sexual performance. at least half the time, the rapist knows the victim and works or lives near the victim. most rapes are planned ahead of time by the attacker. more than half of sexual assaults involve a weapon. what is the information for this topic? following are some safety measures to help prevent rape when you are at home or in your car : don ' t let a stranger into the house without proper identification. don ' t list a first name on a mailbox or in a phone book. have the key ready before reaching the door of a car or house. keep a light on at all entrances. keep doors and windows locked. look in the car before entering. make arrangements with a neighbor for assistance in emergency situations. set the house lights to go on and off with a timer. other safety measures you can take to help prevent rape are as follows : appear strong and confident. avoid isolated and secluded areas. don ' t walk or jog alone at night. look for unusual behavior in those around you. scream loudly if attacked. sit in lighted areas and near other people such as the driver when using public transportation. when someone has been raped, the rape should immediately be reported to the police. the victim should be taken to a medical facility and examined. the person should not bathe before this examination, as evidence might be destroyed. additionally, clothing or samples of clothing might be collected by the police as evidence. during this exam, a healthcare provider will take the following steps : check for bruises, bite marks, and other trauma remove pubic hair samples take swabs from the anus and mouth take swabs from the vaginal area if the victim is a female test for pregnancy if the victim is a female, and provide emergency contraception as needed test for sexually transmitted diseases and provide treatment as needed the provider will treat all cuts and wounds. but often the emotional wounds are more severe than the physical wounds. it is very important that the victim get counseling and therapy. a local


news : news archives science translational medicine : high - speed test can diagnose genetic disorders in newborns new whole - genome sequencing technology can diagnose genetic disorders in newborn babies in intensive care units in just a few days, according a new study appearing in the 3 october issue of the journal science translational medicine. the technique ’ s main revolutionary feature is speed — a 50 - hour turnaround time for genetic results compared to the few weeks needed using current methods. the genetic test could potentially shorten the time it takes to get a diagnosis, jumpstart any available treatments, and lessen the time to genetic counseling for anxious parents. “ these programs help us answer the question of what genes we should be looking at, what parts of the genome are relevant to the symptoms that a patient has, and what should we look at in more detail, ” said neil miller, director of informatics at the center for pediatric genomic medicine at children ’ s mercy hospital, during a 2 october teleconference with reporters. in genetic diseases for which treatments exist, rapid diagnosis is critical for neonatal interventions. [ image © 2012 sarah maxey photography ] called ssaga, the technology allows any physician to order a complex genomic test with a few clicks. using dna extracted from a drop of the baby ’ s blood, computers analyze the child ’ s genome and map it to a set of nearly 7500 disease - related genes and genetic diseases, many of which may not familiar to the ordering physician. doctors then press buttons to enter data that represent the disease features they are seeing in a patient, and the system then looks for changes in the baby ’ s dna code that explain his or her illness. the whole process is performed in roughly two days and is ideal for use in neonatal intensive care units. the researchers were able to make a definitive diagnosis in three out of the four babies they tested with the new technique. such rapid diagnosis can make a dramatic difference to a baby ’ s health. there are about 500 genetic diseases for which treatments are available. for example, phenylketonuria, or pku, is a genetic disease that affects newborns and leads to intellectual disability and seizures. yet early diagnosis and subsequent treatment ( a diet lacking the amino acid phenylalanine ) allows children to have a normal mental development and lifespan. “ importantly, [ the technique ] also allows us to have accurate genetic counseling regarding the risk for parents to have another affected baby and make informative decisions about their reproductive future, ” said carol


cowie, daniel b. the following data is extracted from a standard history of kansas and kansans. daniel b. cowie. in an article on other pages of this publication will be found some account of the salt industry in kansas and some mention of the more prominent mines and companies. one of the most striking figures in the development of the salt industry in kansas was the late james cowie, sr., and the above named is a son of that salt pioneer and is now general superintendent of the independent salt company at kanopolis. the cowie family are scotch people, and in scotland they were also identified with mining. the grandfather of daniel was george cowie, who spent his life in scotland and was a successful coal contractor. james cowie, sr., was born in stirlingshire, scotland, in 1839. he grew up and married there and from an early age was a coal miner. prior to his coming to america he was general manager for one of the largest coal companies in scotland, having supervision over ten diffierent coal properties. on coming to the united states in 1884 he entered the employ of the h. c. frick coal company at connellsville, pennsylvania. james cowie, sr., came to kanopolis, kansas, in 1889. the credit is given him for originating the salt mining industry of kansas and he was known in the press and to the general public as the " salt king. " as manager of the royal salt company he put in the first salt mine in kansas just east of the city limits of kanopolis. he managed that company until 1905 and then organized the crystal salt company, of which he was manager and part owner. he bought from the kanopolis townsite the salt rights underneath the town. the crystal mine is just outside the limits of kanopolis but its tunnels and underground work are partly beneath the town itself. at the time of his death james cowie, sr., was managing director of the crystal salt company and also owned between 5, 000 and 6, 000 town lots in kanopolis. previously he was owner of about forty buildings in the town but had sold this part of his real estate. as an american citizen james cowie, sr., was a republican, was an active presbyterian, and served a number of terms as mayor of kanopolis and well justified the honors bestowed upon him by efficient service in the administration of municipal affairs. james cowie, sr., married elizabeth barrowman. she was born in scotland in 1842


, and served a number of terms as mayor of kanopolis and well justified the honors bestowed upon him by efficient service in the administration of municipal affairs. james cowie, sr., married elizabeth barrowman. she was born in scotland in 1842 and died at kanopolis in 1915, while her husband passed away there in 1911. her father, george barrowman, was a prominent coal contractor in scotland, where he died. james cowie and wife had five children. george, the oldest, is manager of the standard salt company at little river, kansas. james cowie, jr., is president of the exchange state bank of kanopolis and is also mine foreman under his brother daniel. daniel is the third in the family. janette married samuel hogsett, a loan and real estate man at kansas city, missouri. elizabeth, the youngest child, is the wife of george p. kelly, of kansas city, missouri. mr. kelly is president of the american salt and coal company of lyons, kansas, and at this writing is installing one of the largest combination rock salt and evaporation salt plants in the united states. the evaporation works are already in operation and the rock salt mines will be completed and in a producing state within six months. daniel b. cowie, son of james cowie, sr., was born at kylswith, stirlingshire, scotland, march 20, 1869, and was fifteen years of age when the family came to the united states. he received his education in the public schools of stirlingshire and for two years taught school in scotland. at the age of eighteen he began working as a miner, and had an intimate experience with that industry in every capacity from tapper boy to general superintendent. under his father he became expert in all branches of salt mining and manufacture. he was general superintendent of the kingman salt company at kingman, kansas, until the plant was burned in 1903, after which he returned to kanopolis and was general superintendent of the crystal salt company and since 1913 had been superintendent of the independent salt company. for 3½ years prior to 1915 mr. cowie was at detroit, michigan, his services being employed to straighten out the tangled affairs of the rock salt plant, wherein was involved an investment of over $ 1, 000, 000. the plant was in the hands of a receiver and the expert ability of mr. cowie was called into service, and he not only put the plant on its feet but developed it so that now it is one


over $ 1, 000, 000. the plant was in the hands of a receiver and the expert ability of mr. cowie was called into service, and he not only put the plant on its feet but developed it so that now it is one of the best salt mine propositions in the united states. mr. cowie lives close to the independent salt company ' s plant and in the superintendent ' s house furnished by the company. he owned six dwelling houses in kanopolis, a farm of eighty acres near the city, and is a stockholder and director in the exchange state bank. his fellow citizens have honored him with the office of mayor two terms and with that of city clerk two terms. for fifteen consecutive years he was a member of the school board and since 1913 had again been on the board and is now treasurer. he is a republican, an elder in the presbyterian church, is past master of kingman lodge, ancient free and accepted masons, a member of the royal arch chapter and the knights templar commandery at kingman, is past noble grand of kingman lodge, independent order of odd fellows, past master workman of kingman lodge, ancient order of united workmen, and charter member of kanopolis camp of the modern woodmen of america. mr. cowie enjoys an ideal home life and had a large and happy family. he first married at uniontown, pennsylvania, in 1891, miss allie matthews. she died in 1897, leaving two daughters : elizabeth, now the wife of william mcvittie, a member of the city fire department of detroit, michigan ; and janette, living at home. in 1900, at emporia, kansas, mr. cowie married miss ruth a. haley, daughter of mr. and mrs. samuel haley. her mother is deceased and her father still lives on a farm near emporia. mr. and mrs. cowie have seven children : anna, born in 1901 ; daniel, jr., born in 1903 ; margaret, born in 1905 ; jane, born in 1907 ; dorothy, born in 1909 ; evelyn, born in 1911 ; and james, born in 1914. source : a standard history of kansas and kansans


students who struggle with reading or school need caring adults to represent them. being an advocate for a student can mean learning new terms, knowing your rights, and insisting that your student gets the help he or she needs to have the best opportunity to succeed. see the articles below to get started and visit our sister website ld online. sort by : date title children who struggle with reading often need extra help. this help usually comes from the school, but some parents choose to look outside the school for professionals who can assess, diagnose, tutor, or provide other education services. the following article provides information on how to find the right person for your child. parents are often the best educational advocates for their children, especially children with a learning disability. the coordinated campaign for learning disabilities ( ccld ) has developed the following tips to help parents champion their child. literacy programs seem to have sprung up everywhere, but how can you tell the good ones from the bad ones? this guide identifies the key elements to consider in evaluating adolescent literacy programs. this is a cautionary tale, not just for people who have no real idea of what a learning disability is and probably suspect the whole thing is an overindulgent scam, but also for any parent of a child struggling mightily through school. this checklist prepared by the pacer center will help parents prepare for and get the most out of individualized education plan ( iep ) meetings with the school staff. " solution shop " is a counseling and study skills program designed to address the academic needs of struggling middle school students. in this program, the school counselor serves the critical role of developing and providing appropriate interventions, which range from individual and group counseling, study skills instruction, parent consultation, behavioral contracts, math and reading tutoring, and teacher meetings. learn to develop the evidence you need to support your belief that your child is not receiving the right help in school. peter and pamela wright, from wrightslaw, tell you how to interpret and chart your child ' s test scores, graph your child ' s progress, and successfully communicate with the educators who make decisions about your child.


atypical pneumonia refers to pneumonia caused by certain bacteria, including legionella pneumophila, mycoplasma pneumoniae, and chlamydophila pneumoniae. it is called “ atypical ” because the symptoms differ from those of pneumonia due to other common bacteria. mycoplasma pneumonia is a type of atypical pneumonia. it is caused by the bacteria m. pneumoniae. it typically affects people younger than age 40. for more information on this type of pneumonia, see : mycoplasma pneumonia pneumonia due to chlamydia - related bacteria occurs year round and accounts for 5 - 15 % of all pneumonias. it is usually mild. pneumonia due to legionella is seen more often in middle - aged and older adults, smokers, and those with chronic illnesses or a weak immune system. it can be more severe. pneumonia due to mycoplasma and chlamydophila bacteria is usually mild. pneumonia due to legionella pneumophila gets worse during the first 4 - 6 days, and then improves over 4 - 5 days. even though symptoms will improve, it may take a while for them to go away completely. the most common symptoms of pneumonia are : cough ( with legionella pneumonia, you may cough up bloody mucus ) fever, which may be mild or high shortness of breath ( may only occur when you climb stairs ) other symptoms include : chest pain that gets worse when you breathe deeply or cough confusion, especially in older people or those with legionella pneumonia loss of appetite, low energy, and fatigue muscle aches and joint stiffness sweating and clammy skin less common symptoms include : diarrhea ( especially with legionella pneumonia ) ear pain ( with mycoplasma pneumonia ) eye pain or soreness ( with mycoplasma pneumonia ) neck lump ( with mycoplasma pneumonia ) rash ( with mycoplasma pneumonia ) sore throat ( with mycoplasma pneumonia ) signs and tests persons with suspected pneumonia should have a complete medical evaluation. it may be hard for your health care provider to tell whether you have pneumonia or bronchitis, so you may need a chest x - ray. depending on the severity of the illness, other tests may be done, including : control your fever with aspirin, nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drugs ( nsaids, such as ibuprofen or naproxen ), or acetaminophen. do not


other tests may be done, including : control your fever with aspirin, nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drugs ( nsaids, such as ibuprofen or naproxen ), or acetaminophen. do not give aspirin to children. do not take cough medicines without first talking to your doctor. cough medicines may make it harder for your body to cough up the extra sputum. drink plenty of fluids to help loosen secretions and bring up phlegm. get a lot of rest. have someone else do household chores. antibiotics are used to treat atypical pneumonia. you may be able to take antibiotics by mouth at home. if you have severe atypical pneumonia, you will likely be admitted to a hospital, where you will be given antibiotics through a vein ( intravenously ), as well as oxygen. antibiotics are used for 2 weeks or more antibiotics used to treat atypical pneumonia include : fluoroquinolones ( such as levofloxacin ) tetracyclines ( such as tetracycline or doxycycline ) most patients with pneumonia due to mycoplasma or chlamydophila do well with the right antibiotics. legionella pneumonia can be severe, leading to problems in patients with kidney failure, diabetes, copd, and a weak immune system. it can lead to death. mandell la, wunderink rg, anzueto a, et al. infectiousd iseases society of america / american thoracic society consensus guidelines on the management of community - acquired pneumonia in adults. clin infect dis. 2007 ; 44 : s27 - s72. torres a, menendez r, wunderink r. pyogenic bacterial pneumonia and lung abscess. in : mason rj, vc broaddus, martin tr, et al, eds. murray and nadel ’ s textbook of respiratory medicine. 5th ed. philadelphia, pa : saunders elsevier ; 2010 : chap 32. david c. dugdale, iii, md, professor of medicine, division of general medicine, department of medicine, university of washington school of medicine. denis hadjiliadis, md, assistant professor of medicine, division of pulmonary, allergy and critical care, university of pennsylvania, philadelphia, pa. also reviewed by david zieve, md, mha, medical director, a. d. a. m. health solutions, ebix, inc.


tau researchers part of team of international scientists to uncover the " god particle " wednesday, july 25, 2012 higgs boson particle crucial for explaining how the universe was built tel aviv university ' s prof. yaron oz, dean of tau ' s faculty of exact sciences, and prof. aharon levy of tau ' s school of physics and astronomy were among the theoretical and experimental physicists who made the groundbreaking discovery of a particle known as the higgs boson or " god particle, " a key to understanding how the universe was built. the discovery was made at geneva ' s european laboratory for particle physics ( cern ) and announced in early july. first proposed in 1964 by a team of six physicists, including university of edinburgh professor peter higgs, the particle is said to explain the existence of mass. in particle physics, bosons are one of the two fundamental classes of subatomic particles. the higgs boson is the final building block, missing until now from the " standard model, " which describes the structure of matter in the universe. the model is to physicists what the theory of evolution is to biologists. prof. yaron oz albert einstein would have been " very happy " at the discovery, prof. oz noted. the term " god particle " originated with prof. max lederman, an american experimental physicist who won the nobel prize in physics for his work with neutrinos. prof. lederman wrote a book using the term, " by which he meant the mysterious particle that ' s part of everything, " prof. levy says. " particle physics aims at understanding what conditions created the big bang that created the universe, to look backwards as much as possible at that event. " prof. oz congratulated the group of researchers not only on their scientific achievement but also on their ability to put political considerations aside and work together for the good of humanity. calling the huge cern facility " what the un should be, " he said that " everybody is devoted to making the discovery as a team, without any politics or vested interests. i even worked with iranians there, and there was never a harsh word between us. we all just want to understand. it was has already been proven that the nationals of the world can function together harmoniously for joint targets. "


using bone marrow to protect the brain tuesday, september 20, 2011 stem cell technology from tau research begins clinical trial for lou gehrig ' s disease the ability to produce neuroprotectors, proteins that protect the human brain against neurodegenerative disorders such as parkinson ' s and als, is the holy grail of brain research. a technology developed at tel aviv university does just that, and it ' s now out of the lab and in hospitals to begin clinical trials with patients suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ), also known as lou gehrig ' s disease. developed by prof. daniel offen and prof. eldad melamed of tau ' s sackler faculty of medicine and felsenstein medical research center, the technology is now a patent - pending process that takes stem cells from a patient ' s own bone marrow and causes them to differentiate into astrocyte - like cells, which are responsible for the well - being of the brain ' s neurons. the cells release neurotrophic factors, or neuroprotectants, which have been shown to play a key role in reducing the progress of als, a debilitating disease characterized by the progressive degeneration of motor neurons, resulting in paralysis of a patient ' s limbs and organ function. the research has appeared in the journal of stem cells reviews and reports and a number of other publications. trials in jerusalem and boston this stem cell technology, says prof. offen, represents 10 years of development. inspired by advances in embryonic stem cell research and its huge potential — but trying to bypass the ethical and safety issues — prof. offen and his fellow researchers turned to stem cells derived from a patient ' s own bone marrow. after coaxing the cells to differentiate into astrocyte - like cells, whose natural function is to guard the brain ' s neurons and prevent deterioration, the researchers began testing the concept in animal models. " in the mouse model, " prof. offen explains, " we were able to show that the bone marrow derived stem cells prevent degeneration in the brain following injection of selective neurotoxins. " researchers also demonstrated that transplantation of these cells increased the survival rate in the mouse model of als and significantly delayed the progress of motor dysfunction. according to prof. offen, this is a uniquely successful method for differentiating bone marrow stem cells into astrocyte - like cells without manipulating the genetic material of the cell itself. they are the first team of researchers to


progress of motor dysfunction. according to prof. offen, this is a uniquely successful method for differentiating bone marrow stem cells into astrocyte - like cells without manipulating the genetic material of the cell itself. they are the first team of researchers to demonstrate the efficacy of this technology in vivo in various models of neurodegenerative diseases. the technology was licensed to brainstorm cell therapeutics that has developed it into a clinical grade product called nurown™, which is now being used in a clinical trial at jerusalem ' s hadassah medical center. brainstorm cell therapeutics has recently struck an agreement to expand clinical trials to massachusetts general hospital in collaboration with the university of massachusetts medical school. home - grown therapy — and talent the ongoing clinical studies are aimed at evaluating the safety and the efficacy of this treatment, says prof. offen. because the original cells are drawn from the patients themselves, he adds, the body should have no adverse reactions. although the current study targets als, these cells have the potential to treat a broad range of neurodegenerative conditions, including parkinson ' s and huntington ' s diseases. for many conditions, explains prof. offen, the current available treatments only attempt to alleviate the symptoms of these diseases rather than repair existing damage. brainstorm cell therapeutics, the company that is developing the technology, is a spin - off of tau, prof. offen notes. the university has spearheaded the invention involved, and a number of the researchers working within the company graduated from tau. for more news about stem cell research from tel aviv university, click here.


courtesy of purdue extension before farmers go full throttle into the 2012 planting season, they would be wise to inspect what ' s left of their 2011 corn crop for signs of mold, says a purdue university agricultural engineer. richard stroshine said he has heard scattered reports of indiana farmers finding higher - than - normal percentages of moldy, discolored kernels when they ' ve removed corn from storage facilities. elevators and other buyers of corn pay less for mold - contaminated grain, if they buy it at all. corn stored in bins since the fall harvest could be at a heightened threat for mold, stroshine said. the reason? a winter that wasn ' t cold enough for long enough to protect the grain from fungal infection. moldy corn can contain toxins harmful - even fatal - to livestock. much of the corn grown in indiana is used as animal feed. " farmers should constantly be checking their grain for mold growth, " stroshine said. " if they find mold, they ' ve got to get that corn out of the bin as soon as possible so that it doesn ' t spread to other grain in the bin. " a typical winter with air temperatures regularly near or below freezing allows corn to be cooled to temperatures near freezing, inhibiting mold development. that is particularly important when corn is stored at or above 15 percent moisture. this past winter saw many days above 50 degrees fahrenheit, creating conditions more favorable for mold growth. when mold risks are high, farmers should take steps to evenly cool the grain in the bin. a common practice, known as coring, involves taking one or more truckloads of corn from the bin and leveling the crop that remains. the process removes fine material that often accumulates in the center - or core - of the bin, filling air pockets between kernels and restricting air circulation. to ensure even airflow distribution, farmers should maintain a level surface at the top of the bin. without sufficient and uniform air movement in the bin, heat can build up in some areas and promote mold growth. farmers who cored their bins reduced the likelihood of mold problems this spring but still should keep an eye on their leftover crop, stroshine said. those who didn ' t perform coring operations will need to be even more vigilant, he said. bins should be visually inspected and grain temperatures monitored weekly, stroshine said. he recommended running bin fans for 30 minutes before entering the storage facility to conduct an inspection. " aeration will push musty


science fair project encyclopedia institute of bankers the chartered institute of bankers ( cib ) was founded in 1879, as the professional body for members of the banking profession in the united kingdom. it was granted its royal charter in 1988. in 2000 it rebranded itself as the institute of financial services, reflecting the changing needs for professionalism across a wide range of financial services. the cib was, and continues to be, an important aid to the professionalism of bankers. after studying a series of banking related topics and passing exams, and after working for a minimum period within the banking industry, it is possible to be elected to an associate of the chartered institute of bankers. the letters acib continue to demonstrate to others the experience and academic standards of the designee. in the last two decades of the 20th century, the financial services industry underwent significant change. retail banks transformed themselves from transaction oriented deposit taking and lending institutions into deliverers of retail financial services. at the same time, additional complexity was introduced into the less retail forms of banking. new investment products developed. international finance became more complex. derivatives became available to hedge risk, or in some cases to amplify risk. the distinctions between retail banks, investment banks, building societies, insurance companies and other financial services institutions became blurred. institutions complimented their own services with additional ranges of services offered by other institutions. it became possible to satisfy all needs for financial services through one financial institution. the cib needed to respond to changes in the industry. in 1986, its professional exams were linked to and moderated by umist. any student passing the exams required to attain acib status is now awarded a bsc ( hons ) in financial services, underscoring the academic standards achieved by professional bankers. today the cib provides courses leading to qualifications in all areas of the financial services industry, and it has a vision to be a school of finance that is recognised for the excellence and relevance of its range of qualifications. in addition to providing education, the cib also organises regionally based events to enable members to both network and keep abreast of developments within their fields of interest. the contents of this article is licensed from www. wikipedia. org under the gnu free documentation license. click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details