derecho ' s path. ( see map at left. ) given its toll of damage and disruption — possibly the largest from a derecho in u. s. history — it ’ s tempting to call this event a super derecho. in fact, a group of scientists did just that for another powerful storm not long ago. clark evans, a former ncar postdoctoral researcher now at the university of wisconsin – milwaukee, teamed with morris weisman ( ncar ) and lance bosart ( university at albany, state university of new york ) to study a stupendous event from may 8, 2009, that they dubbed a “ super derecho. ” the storm complex moved from kansas to kentucky, spinning off tornadoes and developing a vortex that resembled a hurricane ’ s warm central core. weisman and evans analyzed the derecho in companion talks at a 2010 meeting of the american meteorological society, and the team now has a paper in the works on the event and how it was depicted by the arw model. some aspects were predicted 24 hours in advance. how similar were the 2009 and 2012 derechos? while the 2009 event showed up in models a full day ahead, the details of the 2012 derecho didn ’ t begin crystallizing until a few hours before it formed. there were a number of other differences as well, including the time of day ( nighttime vs. daytime ), geographic location ( central plains vs. ohio valley and mid - atlantic ), tornadic activity ( there was little to none with the 2012 event ), and the presence of an intense vortex with the 2009 derecho. “ though they both were high - end events responsible for significant damage and are part of the same archetype of meteorological phenomena, the two cases had many aspects that were quite different, ” says evans.


hampshire is set to be at the forefront of energy research in the uk by taking part in an innovative project that uses fuel - producing algae to power a new type of energy plant. hampshire county council is taking part in the launch at the kent science park in sittingbourne on 19 october of ' ecotec 21 ', an anglo - french consortium set up to study combined heat and power ( chp ) technology. the launch will announce collaboration on chp development, bringing together uk and french universities, research institutions, government - funded organisations, energy and facility managers, designers and architects. combined heat and power technology captures the by - product heat created by power plants and uses it for heating or hot water. ecotec 21, co - funded by ' interreg iv a ' under the european cross - border cooperation programme and 50 % match funded by hampshire county council, is a new project that will investigate the potential for chp to reduce heating costs in buildings. the project will look at three experimental biomass power plants, one of which will be built by the university of greenwich. the greenwich plant will investigate how glycerol can be used in a chp engine and will eventually provide some of the heating for the university campus. some algae produce glycerol as a protective by - product when they are kept in very salty water. the glycerol is then harvested for use in the chp engine. glycerol has many advantages over other biomass materials as it is water - soluble, bio - degradable, non - odorous, non - volatile, non - toxic and produces virtually no combustion particulates. councillor mel kendal, executive member for environment and transport said : " because they capture the waste heat that normally goes into the atmosphere, chp plants can reach efficiencies of over 80 % compared with about 50 % efficiency for conventional gas turbines or even less for coal - fired plants. this is an exciting chance to help hampshire reduce its carbon footprint. " with this ' interreg iv a ' funding, we can create our own in - house chp technical ' know - how ' which will benefit hampshire ' s residents and enable us to investigate other energy - efficient processes. "


the presidential election of 1800 effectively relegated the federalist party, including hamilton, to political and popular irrelevance. jefferson, the " sage of monticello, " had risen to the nation ' s highest office and, despite the near - hysterical warnings of federalists against anarchy and " jacobinism, " went on to preside over an unprecedented era of peace and prosperity. the country had entered a new century and had never seemed on such sure footing. in this climate, hamilton soon retired from the political sphere to pursue his private new york law practice. during the election, the federalists, with hamilton leading the charge, had contributed to their own downfall by embroiling themselves in ugly internecine disputes ( which ultimately would result in hamilton ' s duel with burr ). hamilton made known his low opinion of president adams, who, against hamilton ' s strongest wishes, was pursuing a policy of peace with france. on a personal level, hamilton considered the president an unstable, jealous, vacilliating man prone to unseemly outbursts of temper. hamilton ' s plan for the election was to maneuver federalist electors into choosing charles pinckney, a south carolina congressman, and leaving adams to be content with the vice - presidential spot on the ticket. entering into hamilton ' s preference, no doubt, was the fact that pinckney had demonstrated a greater susceptibility to hamilton ' s personal influence than had adams. in october, 1800, in response to a charge by adams that he led a faction of " british partisans, " hamilton distributed to federalist leaders his letter from alexander hamilton concerning the public conduct and character of john adams. here, he presented a variety of dubious evidence purporting to show the president ' s " disgusting egotism, " " ungovernable indiscretion, " and so on. rather than swaying opinion against adams ( the letter, after all, conceded the president ' s patriotism and talent ), hamilton ' s move redounded to his own discredit. moderate federalists rallied behind adams, and even noah webster, a erstwhile admirer of hamilton ' s, was inspired to write, " your ambition, pride and overbearing temper have destined you to be the evil genius of the country! " in contrast to such divisive intraparty politics, the republicans put forth jefferson and aaron burr with relativley little fuss. as the election approached and the federalists saw the writing on the wall, some of them began


country! " in contrast to such divisive intraparty politics, the republicans put forth jefferson and aaron burr with relativley little fuss. as the election approached and the federalists saw the writing on the wall, some of them began to support burr over jefferson, whom they still regarded as embodying the worst kind of dreamy, agrarian populism. but hamilton, partly out of personal dislike for burr and partly out of a desire to keep his party from forming an alliance with any republican, swallowed his pride and endorsed jefferson. if jefferson won, he reasoned, the federalists would be able to survive as a party by concentrating their fire on their traditional bete noire, rather than being absorbed into a more sympathetic burr administration. as it turned out, his reasoning was off the mark. when jefferson, in his inaugural address, declared that " we are all republicans, we are all federalists, " he signalled not only a conciliatory attitude, but the undermining of the federalists that hamilton feared. the jefferson administration effectively appropriated key aspects of the federalist platform, and left the federalists little room in which to form a relevant opposition ideology. once in office, jefferson proved to be a pragmatist who could appreciate the benefits of an energetic central government. he also seemed to have matured in his view of the executive office, saying in 1810 that the people were " looking to the executive to give the proper direction to their affairs, with a confidence as auspicious as it is well founded. " even more significantly, since jefferson recognized the infeasibility of reversing the hamiltonian financial system, his administration simply began to use it effectively. the bank of the united states survived and even thrived, the adminisration aided individual banks with government funds, and business went on much as it had before. politically, jefferson made the smart decision to repeal the excise tax, depriving the government of some funds, but winning public favor in the process. hamilton found himself in the unenviable position of supporting the widely unpopular tax. as the country surged into the new century and as public support for jefferson steadily mounted, the federalists were reduced to harping upon increasingly unpersuasive themes : the rise of demagoguery in the form of a jacobite regime, the dismantling of republican government, the growing threat to virtue and property. the opposition task was a dreary and not very effective one, and many federalists retired from


rise of demagoguery in the form of a jacobite regime, the dismantling of republican government, the growing threat to virtue and property. the opposition task was a dreary and not very effective one, and many federalists retired from politics altogether. hamilton himself, becoming further separated from the mainstream of public opinion and further isolated in his stale critique of jeffersonianism, returned to his law practice in the fall of 1801. in an 1802 letter to his friend and political ally james bayard, a representative from delaware, hamilton spelled out some of the reasons he thought underlay the federalists ' decline. the letter suggests that the republicans ' appeals to reason and enlightened sensibility were self - serving appeals to vanity that would also trump the federalists ' sober emphasis on principle. hamilton wrote : " unluckily... for us, in the competition of the passions of the people, our opponents have great advantages over us ; for the plain reason that the vicious are far more active than the good passions ; and that, to win the former to our side, we must renounce our principles and our objects, and united in corrupting public opinion till it becomes fit for nothing but mischief. yet, unless we can contrive to take hold of, and carry along with us some strong feelings of the mind, we shall in vain calculate upon any substantial or durable results. " hamilton ' s diagnosis, while biased, was largely correct, but the federalists were unable to enact a cure. the image of jefferson remained unassailable during the decades leading up the civil war. in the election of 1828, for instance, both the national republicans, under henry clay, and the jacksonian democrats invoked jefferson ' s memory as the banner under which their respective parties marched. jackson, in his gruff populism, was a natural heir to the jeffersonian legacy. the name of hamilton was on few people ' s lips as jackson vetoed the recharter of the bank of the united states and the maysville road bill, both of which represented the increasingly discredited hamiltonian centralism. a number of historians, however, recognized the implications of the country ' s adoration for jefferson : while northern abolitionists seized upon the declaration of independence for their denunciations of slavery, southerners insisted upon jefferson ' s doctrine of states ' rights to resist any interference in their " peculiar institution. " thirty - two years after jackson ' s election, the country would be plunged into a violent resolution of this conflict


jersesy, a town which hamilton had founded. significantly, the restoration of hamilton ' s image took place primarily on the plane of academic history. it is important to note that many of the new scholarly histories published during this time were written by new england historians steeped in federalist tradition, who tended to see hamilton as vindicated by the course of american history. the major works included george bancroft ' s history of the united states ( 1834 - 1874 ), john bach mcmaster ' s the history of the united states ( 1883 - 1913 ), and henry adams ' s history of the united states... 1801 - 1817. hamilton ' s son, john c. hamilton, also got into the act with a tome entitled history of the republic of the united states, which argued that the civil war could have been avoided altogether, if only the country had more closely followed the elder hamilton ' s policies. the language of these books, to a modern reader, can seem shockingly biased. mcmaster, for instance, portrayed jefferson as a man " saturated with democracy in its rankest form " who " remained to the last day of his life a servile worshipper of the people. " on the other hand, wrote mcmaster, " of all men who, in the judgement of posterity, are ranked high among the founders of the republic... by far the most brilliant and versatile was hamilton. " beside the histories, a number of biographies and other writings sympathetic to hamilton also appeared during the post - bellum years and gilded age. gertrude atherton, in her romantic novel the conqueror ( 1902 ), wrote that hamilton with his " inherent philosophy, " pursued " measures in whose wisdom he implicitly believed, and which, in every instance, time has vindicated. " similarly, herbert croly, the future founder of the new republic, put a distinctly positive spin on hamiltonianism when he wrote in the promise of american life ( 1909 ) that it " implied a conscious and indefatigable attempt on the part of the national leaders to promote the national welfare. " the momentum of the civil war in the resurrection of hamilton ' s image lasted, with natural variations of intensity, all the way through the 1920s. in 1923, president harding and secretary of the treasury andrew mellon dedicated a statue of hamilton placed in fron of the treasury building, where it stands to this day. the next year saw a successful movement to save hamilton ' s manhattan residence, the grange, which had been steadily deteriorating. later


the treasury andrew mellon dedicated a statue of hamilton placed in fron of the treasury building, where it stands to this day. the next year saw a successful movement to save hamilton ' s manhattan residence, the grange, which had been steadily deteriorating. later in the decade, president coolidge invoked hamilton to praise mellon, who had managed america ' s financical system with " a genius and success unmatched since hamilton. " in retrospect, the praise smacks of irony. the year 1929 would see both the crash of the american economy and the corresponding decline in hamilton ' s image - - a decline that has never been significantly reversed. at first glance, one might expect that the great depression would have elevated hamilton ' s standing in the public consciousness. after all, the new deal involved the greatest expansion of federal power that the country had seen, and the vast majority of americans supported its programs. james m. beck, in a speech to congress in 1934, declared that the roosevelt administration " is realizing beyond any dream of alexander hamilton his ideas as to the nature of our government and what its desired form should be. " yet hamilton ' s star faded precipitously during the 1930s, and here we return to the proposition that administrative successes matter much less than emotional populism in the realm of public opinion. the economic foresight and efficiency of hamilton ' s policies, their direct relevance to the new deal, did not change the popular conception of him as an aristocrat unsympathetic to the plight of the " little guy. " franklin roosevelt, campaigning in 1932, sounded the theme that stirred many americans ' souls during the 1930s, a theme distinctly non - hamiltonian in character. invoking the early struggle between jefferson and hamilton, roosevelt referred to a " a new day " in the nation, " the day of the individual against the system, the day in which individualism was made the great watchword of american life. " this formula clearly favored jefferson ' s rhetorical emphasis on personal liberty and individual virtue over hamilton ' s efforts to construct a potent system of governmental control. although political groups ranging from the communists to the republicans continued to employ jefferson ' s image, roosevelt and the democrats did so most successfully. they presented roosevelt as a champion of the common man in the true jeffersonian tradition. hamilton, on the other hand, was the man who had warned against the potentially dangerous nature of human ambition, and argued that government must be vigilant against the excesses of human nature. in 1943, a


in the true jeffersonian tradition. hamilton, on the other hand, was the man who had warned against the potentially dangerous nature of human ambition, and argued that government must be vigilant against the excesses of human nature. in 1943, a play by sydney kingsley pitted caricatures of jefferson and hamilton against each other. the fictional hamilton boasts, " and when you stir up the mobs, remember - - we who really own america are quite prepared to take it back for ourselves, from your great beast, ' the people '. " the portrait of hamilton that kingsley drew is not entirely deserved, but not entirely off - the - mark, either, and it captured a persistent image of him as a calculating patrician out to protect the interests of wealthy americans. several developments give a sense of how far hamilton had fallen. the hamilton club of chicago went bankrupt. the anniversary of hamilton ' s birth went unobserved, even at the site of his tomb in manhattan ' s trinity church. hamilton grange in manhattan sunk into decrepitude and obscurity. nonetheless, a collection of scholars and conservative republicans still carried the hamiltonian torch and argued that his vision was what had provided the ship of state sufficient ballast to carry it through the turmoil of not only the civil war but of the early twentieth century as well. broadus mitchell, a professor of economics at johns hopkins, and two columbia economists, joseph dorfman and rexford tugwell, all sought to disentangle hamilton ' s reputation from a speciously dichotomous relationship with jefferon ' s. they sought to do justice to both men ' s lives. mitchell, for example, wrote in heritage from hamilton that " the federalists, pitching their case on the need for order and control, were correct at the outset. they were pragmatic and serviceable in the first formative period. " a dispirited hamiltonian revival occurred in 1957, the bicentennial of his birth, but it consisted mainly of another round of academic biographies. there was no memorial erected. a national bicentennial commission tried to whip up interest in hamilton by sending out letters to various publications, libraries, radio stations and such, but garnered little more than statements of support from a variety of organizations including the american bar association, the american dental association and the loyal order of the moose. a signal of the dispassion that hamilton aroused came in a 1956 commemorative speech, in which president eisenhower gave flaccid acknowledgement to hamilton ' s " sincere efforts


association, the american dental association and the loyal order of the moose. a signal of the dispassion that hamilton aroused came in a 1956 commemorative speech, in which president eisenhower gave flaccid acknowledgement to hamilton ' s " sincere efforts and inspiring leadership in the work of the men who laid the foundations, raised the structure, and built the sustaining traditions of the government of the united states. " the last two decades of the 20th century appear unlikely to herald any sort of renewal of interest in or respect for hamilton. a resonant, even dominant theme, of modern political debate was sounded by ronald reagan when he vowed to " get the government off the backs of the people. " the expansion during the 1960s of liberal programs in the spirit of the 1930s appears to be screeching to a half. everyone, including the leadership of the democratic party, agrees on the necessity of " downsizing " government in the 1990s. if this situation indicates on one hand that the united states realized or even surpassed hamilton ' s vision of a strong federal government, it suggests on the other that many americans now want to move in the opposite direction. the concept of states ' rights is heard more and more often. the image of a " bloated federal bureaucracy " represents a bugbear which everyone recognizes. few people invoke hamilton ' s name in praise, if at all. while visual images of jefferson and washington have become nearly ubiquitous, most people would be hard pressed to identify without help the portrait of hamilton that hangs in the capitol building.


india ’ s central statistics office has published their energy statistics 2012 document, a provisional assessment of the state of play for the country. it ’ s interesting, to say the least. they lead off with an energy map of nuclear power generation – and india has 52 plants with 6, 780 mw capacity either up and running or under construction. nuclear power capacity grew 4. 8 % in 2011. when the report covers renewable energy – wind and solar – it concentrates on potential, referring to an estimated wind power potential of 49132 mw ( 55 % ), shp ( small - hydro power ) potential of 15, 385 mw ( 17 % ), biomass power potential of 17, 538 mw ( 20 % ) and 5000 mw ( 6 % ) from bagasse - based cogeneration in sugar mills. that ’ s because actual renewable production is fairly low. india is 10th in the world for solar, but it amounts to about 600 mw installed last year. when it comes to current capacity, “ the total installed capacity of grid interactive renewable power, which was 16817 mw as on 31. 03. 2010 had gone up to 19971 mw as on 31. 03. 2011 indicating growth of 18. 75 % during the period. out of the total installed generation capacity of renewable power as on 31 - 03 - 2011, wind power accounted for about 71 %, followed by small hydro power ( 15. 2 % ) and biomass power ( 13. 3 % ). for electricity generation, the report says, “ the total installed capacity for electricity generation in the country has increased from 16, 271 mw as on 31. 03. 1971 to 206, 526 mw as on 31. 03. 2011, registering a compound annual growth rate ( cagr ) of 6. 4 %. there has been an increase in generating capacity of 18654 mw over the last one year, which is 10 % more than the capacity of last year. ” ( my bold. ) the sad tale of the tape is next – india dreams of nuclear and renewables, but their feet are firmly planted in coal. “ at the end of march 2011, thermal power plants accounted for an overwhelming 64 % of the total installed capacity in the country, with an installed capacity of 131. 2 thousand mw. hydro power plants come next with an installed capacity of 37. 6 thousand mw, accounting for 18. 2 % of the total installed capacity. besides, non - utilities accounted for 15. 9 % ( 32. 9 thousand mw ) of the total installed generation capacity. the


next with an installed capacity of 37. 6 thousand mw, accounting for 18. 2 % of the total installed capacity. besides, non - utilities accounted for 15. 9 % ( 32. 9 thousand mw ) of the total installed generation capacity. the share of nuclear energy was only 2. 31 % ( 4. 78 mw ). ” what the report didn ’ t cover india is the 5th largest energy consumer in the world and its people wish mightily that it ranked higher. their energy consumption in 2009 was 21. 7 quads, not nearly enough for their huge ( and growing ) population. their per capita energy consumption is on a par with swaziland. india imports about 75 % of its oil. in fact, one - third of all india ’ s imports consist of oil. that is expected to rise to 80 %, as energy consumption rises. india ’ s need to import gas is not as bad, but it is also rising – from 25 % of their needs to half by 2015, according to the financial times. oh – by the way. that link to india importing 75 % of its oil? the title of the article is “ india ’ s energy consumption set to double by 2031. ” so i ’ m not the only one … and coal? readers will remember that i am concerned about coal powering the rise of the developing world. well, india has a lot of coal to burn – ” coal production in the country during the year 2010 - 11 was 533 million tonnes ( mts ) as compared to 532 mts during 2009 - 10, registering a growth of 0. 12 %. considering the trend of production from 1970 - 71 to 2010 - 11, it is observed that coal production in india was about 73 mts during 1970 - 71, which increased to 533 mts during 2010 - 11, with a cagr of 5 %. ” and india has more where that came from – ” india has a good reserve of coal and lignite. as on 31. 03. 11 the estimated reserves of coal was around 286 billion tones, an addition of 9 billion over the last year, ” according to india ’ s energy statistics 2012. their reserves actually grew 3 %, primarily because india ’ s bureaucracy and corruption make it very hard to get coal out of the ground. but that ’ s okay, i guess. because india ’ s imports of coal grew by 31 % this year … and just to cheer you all up, “ india ’ s coal imports are likely to touch a who


lesson 2 : the pieces shogi is played with 8 types of pieces. each player gets 20 pieces, for a total of 40 pieces in the game. like xiangqi ( chinese chess ), shogi pieces are flat with their names written on them in chinese characters. each player gets the following pieces : 2 silver generals 2 gold generals?? ( fuhyou ) – foot soldier the pawn moves one square forwards, and captures the same way. it cannot move any other way under any circumstances, and there is no capturing en passant?? ( kyousha ) – incense chariot the lance moves any amount of squares forward, and must stop when it reaches the end of the board, a piece of the same player, or when it captures a piece.?? ( keima ) – cassia horse the knight can move to the square 2 squares forward and one square to the side, like the chess knight, but it can only move forwards. it can also leap over other pieces.?? ( ginshou ) – silver general the silver general can move one square diagonally in any direction and one square forwards.?? ( kinshou ) – gold general a gold general can move to any adjacent square except diagonally backwards.?? ( kakugyou ) – angle mover the bishop can move any amount of squares diagonally until it meets the end of the board, a piece of the same player, or captures a piece.?? ( hisha ) – flying chariot the rook can move any amount of squares forwards, backwards, and sideways until it meets the end of the board, a piece of the same player, or captures a piece.?? ( oushou ) – king general?? ( gyokushou ) – jewel general the king can move to any adjacent square. the difference between the king general and the jewel general is that the superior uses the king general and the inferior player uses the jewel general. examples of this are when a title holder plays against the challenger in a professional title match, a higher ranked player plays a lower ranked player in a tournament, a father plays his son, etc.


a history of innovation, a path to the future march 1994 visual c + + strategy the microsoft visual c + + development system family of products meets the need of developers to develop sophisticated windows - based applications quickly. it also protects existing investments in the microsoft foundation class library ( mfc ) and the windows api and establishes a clear path to developing 32 - bit applications for windows that run on multiple software and hardware platforms. with the visual c + + development system family of products, microsoft ’ s strategy is to provide the shortest path for developers to access the full power of windows, the smallest and fastest executables, and the safest investment for the future. these fundamental principles have guided the development of visual c + + and will continue to do so in the future. in order to deliver on these promises, we have chosen to focus our development efforts as follows : c + + is the language we will focus on for the long term. we will implement new features in the language as standards emerge. however, in order to reduce the complexity that c + + brings with its power, we will implement a subset of the language in our class library and minimise the work involved in creating windows - based applications in c + +. we believe that the greatest gains in productivity can be achieved through the use of a well - written class library. a key element of visual c + + is the mfc architecture, which not only provides the fundamentals for developing windows - based applications but also provides significant amounts of reusable code that developers can use in their applications. in addition, we have designed the visual c + + development environment so that developers can easily exploit the full power of mfc. improvements in the development environment and build throughput provide the next level of productivity gains. visual programming tools, integration and task orientation are the key areas of focus for achieving this objective with visual c + +. microsoft continues to lead the industry in c and c + + optimisations to help create the smallest and fastest executables possible. we have tuned mfc so that developers incur very little overhead in developing applications using c + + and mfc compared to using c and the windows sdk. tools are provided for all the platforms supported by the windows family. mfc and the tool set support all the latest features of the windows operating system so that developers can take advantage of these features in their applications. it is essential to preserve customers ’ knowledge base and their investments in code into the future. for that reason, the mfc architecture is


support all the latest features of the windows operating system so that developers can take advantage of these features in their applications. it is essential to preserve customers ’ knowledge base and their investments in code into the future. for that reason, the mfc architecture is built around the windows api to utilise existing knowledge. existing applications based on c and the windows api can be migrated to c + + and mfc. once developers invest in mfc, their investment is completely protected from version to version and platform to platform. visual c + + 1. 0 : the move to c + + research into developer needs defined the major design goals of microsoft visual c + + 1. 0. research showed that while 70 % of developers wanted to move to c + +, only 15 % were actually using it because of the difficulty in learning and using the language. furthermore, developers didn ’ t want to learn an entirely new api or throw away their existing source code. thus visual c + + was created to provide the shortest path to c + + programs for windows. to ease migration to c + +, microsoft introduced the innovative wizard technology along with a new, more powerful version of mfc. mfc version 2. 0 included and application architecture and features that further simplified application development, while providing full backward compatibility with version 1. 0. wizards were added to make it easier to exploit the full power of mfc. wizards make it possible to generate fully featured applications for windows without writing thousands of lines of tedious implementation code. an integrated editor, compiler, debugger and source browser make the edit - build - debug cycle as short as possible. an integrated visual resource editor makes it possible to develop user interfaces rapidly. in addition, visual c + + 1. 0 continued to focus on providing the smallest and fastest executables of any commercially available compiler. because it combined industry - leading performance with breakthroughs in ease of use, visual c + + 1. 0 became the shortest path to developing c + + applications for windows. microsoft foundation classes mfc 1. 0 was first introduced in 1992 with microsoft + 7. 0. mfc 2. 0 in visual c + + 1. 0 followed in february 1993. mfc 2. 0 built on the windows - specific foundation established in 1992 by adding sophisticated architectural elements such as document / view architecture, high - level application - specific features such as mdi support, tool bars, status bars, true device - independent output including print preview, and object linking and embedding ( ole )


by adding sophisticated architectural elements such as document / view architecture, high - level application - specific features such as mdi support, tool bars, status bars, true device - independent output including print preview, and object linking and embedding ( ole ) support. in short, designing mfc to handle the standard interface chores and platform issues eliminated much of the tedious details facing c + + application developers. most importantly, mfc 1. 0 was upward - compatible with mfc 2. 0. mfc 1. 0 programs merely had to be recompiled to gain all of the new benefits of mfc 2. 0. investments in code were preserved without sacrificing innovation. to ensure compatibility, we implemented mfc 1. 0 and mfc 2. 0 using a practical subset of c + + that exploited the language ’ s strengths without relying on unusual or compiler - specific features. as a result, the framework is portable between different vendors ’ tools and compilers. mfc was written to solve real application problems of professional developers. it is tuned for both speed and size, to produce professional, industrial - strength c + + code for windows with copious diagnostic support. mfc has been licensed to other leading c + + tools vendors including blue sky, metaware, symantic and watcom, affirming it as the premier c + + application framework for windows. now, with version 2. 5, mfc demonstrates its leadership by adding support for ole version 2. 0 and open database connectivity ( odbc ) while maintaining source - code compatibility with mfc 2. 0. the mfc library has been available for the win32 api since august 1993 and later versions will soon support other platforms, further demonstrating its portability. a year after visual c + + 1. 0 was released, 81 % of developers are using c + +, with 30 % already having completed several c + + projects. visual c + + and mfc have helped make the move to c + + a reality. microsoft visual c + + 1. 0, 32 - bit edition : the move to 32 - bits because developers needed tools to create 32 - bit applications for windows, in august 1993 microsoft introduced visual c + +, 32 - bit edition. this was the first integrated 32 - bit development environment for professional c + + programmers for windows that was hosted on the windows nt operating system and that targeted both windows ( via the win32s api ) and windows nt ( via win32 ). to ease developers ’ learning curves


32 - bit development environment for professional c + + programmers for windows that was hosted on the windows nt operating system and that targeted both windows ( via the win32s api ) and windows nt ( via win32 ). to ease developers ’ learning curves, this product has the same tool set and class library as visual c + + 1. 0, but on 32 bits. it is the safest investment in c + + development tools because it provides an easy migration path from previous 16 - bit microsoft c + + products. mfc applications need only be recompiled to become fully functional 32 - bit windows - based applications. because developers can write applications from a single source - code base that will run on windows 3. 1 and windows nt, the 32 - bit edition increases their productivity and allows them to take advantage of the performance benefits of 32 - bit programming on both platforms. windows nt is the host for the 32 - bit compiler because it is the most robust development platform choice. in addition, the true 32 - bit platform enables the development of powerful 32 - bit applications. we exploited its pre - emptive multitasking and multithreading capabilities to enable seamless background compilation and simultaneous multiple project builds. to aid debugging we added in the 32 - bit edition a memory window on the current contents, support for structured exception - handling to help in locating errors, and support for threads, allowing developers to analyse and view window messages, relationships between windows, processes and threads as well as their details. books online technology revolutionised the presentation and usefulness of product documentation. new optimisations for the i486 and pentium processors helped ensure the smallest and fastest 32 - bit executables. visual c + +, 32 - bit edition is proven technology : microsoft used it to build windows nt itself. visual c + + 1. 5 : the move to ole 2. 0 in april 1993, microsoft released ole 2. 0 – a breakthrough for component - based software development. ole 2. 0 provides a standard means of defining what an object is and how objects can interact. with ole 2. 0, developers from different companies can write objects that interact with one another without relying on the specifics of how those objects work. with ole 2. 0 developers can use entire applications as components, which makes application integration and combining information from multiple applications easier. hundreds of companies have announced support for ole 2. 0, and corporations and independent software vendors ( isvs ) are already using it to develop sophisticated applications for their


use entire applications as components, which makes application integration and combining information from multiple applications easier. hundreds of companies have announced support for ole 2. 0, and corporations and independent software vendors ( isvs ) are already using it to develop sophisticated applications for their end users. visual c + + 1. 5 makes ole 2. 0 easy microsoft research shows that although more than 75 % of developers would like to develop applications for ole 2. 0, less than 10 % of them had started development before visual c + + 1. 5 was available. this was because native ole 2. 0 development can be difficult. however, visual c + + 1. 5 and mfc 2. 5 make ole 2. 0 development easy. using appwizard, developers can create an ole 2. 0 client, server or container ( even with ole automation ) in seconds. because appwizard creates default code to deal with all ole messages and requests, developers need only write code for the functionality that they want to support, thus significantly reducing the amount of time it takes to get started with ole 2. 0 applications. appwizard, c1asswizard and mfc 2. 5 support full ole 2. 0 functionality, including toolbar and menu negotiation, visual editing, drag and drop, in - place activation, all structure and storage mechanisms, incremental read / write, component object model, and synchronous function completion. more than 19, 000 lines of c + + code are provided in the mfc 2. 5 library to support ole 2. 0 development - code that developers don ’ t have to write. enabling database development incorporating support for database access in windows - based applications can be difficult, yet it is increasingly important. mfc makes it easy. odbc classes and wizards allow full odbc support for accessing local or remote databases to be built into windows - based applications with just a mouse click. odbc drivers are available today for a diverse set of database formats and implementations. plans of leading edge developers for windows in order to better understand developers ’ needs for the future, we surveyed more than 5, 000 developers who attended the win32 professional developer ’ s conference in december 1993. we asked developers specifically what their plans were for 1994. the key results are shown in figure 1 : | more than 80 % are using mfc | | more than 50 % are targeting win32 - based applications | | more than 50 % are using win32 as a host platform | | more than 20 % are targeting win32 -


figure 1 : | more than 80 % are using mfc | | more than 50 % are targeting win32 - based applications | | more than 50 % are using win32 as a host platform | | more than 20 % are targeting win32 - based risc and macintosh platforms | | more than 60 % are targeting ole 2. 0 more than 90 % are using high - performance hardware ( intel 486 20mb ram, cd - rom ) | figure 1 - developer plans for 1994 new issues for developers in 1994 the survey indicated a very strong interest in the development community in targeting win32 and ole 2. 0 - based applications using mfc. developers also want the flexibility to target other software and hardware platforms as they become more popular. they would like to do this through a single source - code base that is developed using a single tools set and class library. finally, developers have the necessary hardware to host a win32 - based platform such as windows nt and exploit the advanced capabilities that windows nt provides. key challenges for visual c + + tools from the perspective of development tools, these goals presented us with four challenges : provide tools that developers can use to create leading - edge applications for windows that exploit the latest systems features, such as ole 2. 0, while enabling them to use their code investment in the future. provide a clear and easy migration path to the 32 - bit future of windows through guaranteed upward compatibility. provide a consistent tool set and class library that enable developers to easily target multiple platforms through a single code base. provide tools that allow developers to exploit advances in host operating system platforms to increase productivity. for example, support background builds on a multitasking operating system such as windows nt. microsoft ’ s answer : visual c + + everywhere the visual c + + 2. 0 family of products provides a consistent tool set and class library ( mfc ) that enables the development of win32 - based applications that target a wide range of platforms including windows, windows nt ( inte1 - and risc - based ), microsoft windows “ chicago ” ( the next major release of microsoft windows ), and the macintosh. the visual c + + 2. 0 family utilises microsoft ’ s systems strategy to provide the win32 api along with key systems features such as ole 2. 0 and odbc on all these platforms. developers need only learn one tool set and api ( mfc and win32 ) to develop and support win32 - based applications that are portable and compatible across a range of leading platforms. developers will be


0 and odbc on all these platforms. developers need only learn one tool set and api ( mfc and win32 ) to develop and support win32 - based applications that are portable and compatible across a range of leading platforms. developers will be able to continue maintaining their 16 - bit applications for windows using visual c + + 1. 5. in addition, we will work with developers licensed to provide the windows api on unix platforms to make sure that developers can easily port their mfc applications using these platforms as well. the visual c + + 2. 0 family the visual c + + 2. 0 family consists of the following products : visual c + + 2. 0 intel edition. this product hosts on a win32 - and intel - based platforms ( windows nt or windows “ chicago ” ) and enables developers to target win32 - and intel - based applications that run on windows ( through win32s ), windows nt, and windows “ chicago ”. visual c + + 2. 0 risc editions. these products host on a win32 - and risc - based platform and target the same platform. the tool set is identical to the intel - based tool set described above. the first version will be available for the mips platform followed by the digital alpha axp and other risc platforms supported by windows nt. visual c + + 2. 0, cross - development edition for macintosh. this product is an add - on to the visual c + + 2. 0, intel edition and enables developers to target the macintosh through a core win32 code base. when this product is installed on top of the visual c + + 2. 0, intel edition, developers will gain new options to target the maointosh. all development, compilation and linking are performed on the windows nt - based machine. debugging is performed across a network or serial connection to a macintosh using the integrated debugger in the visual c + + development environment. the table in figure 2 illustrates the visual c + + 2. 0 product family : visual c + + 2. 0 : continue the innovation in addition to the multiplatform support, visual c + + will continue to provide the shortest path to developing applications that exploit the full power of the windows family. visual c + + 2. 0 continues the leadership established by visual c + + 1. 5 by making it easy to develop 32 - bit ole 2. 0 and odbc applications through innovative wizards technology and a 32 - bit compatible version of mfc. in addition, all


0 continues the leadership established by visual c + + 1. 5 by making it easy to develop 32 - bit ole 2. 0 and odbc applications through innovative wizards technology and a 32 - bit compatible version of mfc. in addition, all versions of visual c + + 2. 0 exploit the power of windows nt as the host development environment. visual c + + 2. 0 provides a completely redesigned and integrated environment ( ide ) that makes application development even easier than with previous versions of visual c + +. everything is truly integrated, so there is no longer a separate app studio application for resource editing, for example. the ide includes all the latest innovations found in the latest microsoft applications such as customisable toolbars and dockable windows. powerful project - management capabilities make it possible to manage complex development projects. developers will also gain a dramatic boost in productivity through a new incremental linker that is aimed at producing 10 - second links so developers can get from edit to exe very quickly. the browser can now be updated on demand rather than on every build, and it supports navigation of both definitions and references. finally, c + + templates and exception handling have been added to the c + + compiler, enabling developers to benefit from the latest c + + language features. we have continued our leadership in c - based optimisations to turn our focus on new c + + optimisation. our goal with the new optimisation technology, called opt + +, is to eliminate most, if not all, of the additional overhead that comes with using c + + rather than c. this technology along with highly tuned versions of mfc will enable developers to deliver applications built using c + and mfc that have very little performance overhead compared to that of comparable programs built using c and the sdk. maximum compatibility and portability visual c + + 2. 0 once again demonstrates our commitment to preserving developers ’ investments in mfc. visual c + + does this in a number of ways : version to version. mfc 3. 0 is completely upward compatible with previous versions of mfc. new features provided with mfc 3. 0 can easily be incorporated with little additional work. 16 - to 32 - bit conversion. 16 - bit windows - based applications written using mfc 2. 5 included in visual c + + 1. 5 need only be recompiled with mfc 3. 0 to convert them to 32 - bit applications. intel to risc. applications written to mfc 3. 0


written using mfc 2. 5 included in visual c + + 1. 5 need only be recompiled with mfc 3. 0 to convert them to 32 - bit applications. intel to risc. applications written to mfc 3. 0 are 100 % source - code compatible across all win32 platforms. they only need to be recompiled with the processor - specific visual c + + compilers to produce executable files for different target platforms. win32 to macintosh applications. as above, most mfg 3. 0 applications can simply be recompiled with the visual c + + 68k cross - compiler to produce executable files for the macintosh. applications written directly to the win32 api can achieve 80 % or greater compatibility, depending on the apis used by the application. visual c + + portability : riscbased multiplatform editions risc editions of visual c + + are identical to the intel - based visual c + + product. they also exploit the fact that windows nt is the same on all hardware platforms. this means that developers who use visual c + + can use the same tools, regardless of which platform they are targeting. also, features of the visual c + language - for example, c + + templates or exception handling - are implemented in the same manner on all platforms. the same apis, win32 and mfc, are implemented identically across all supported platforms. a developer ’ s knowledge and code base can be used across all risc platforms. to provide true targeting for windows nt, 21 development system must support all windows nt - compatible hardware platforms. microsoft is working closely with all licensees of windows nt and is already shipping versions of the microsoft c / c + + development tools for mips and alpha axp through the win - 32 sdk program. microsoft has licensed the compiler to several licensees of windows nt and is actively integrating the compiler with each chip makers ’ back - end optimising code generators. visual c + + 2. 0 has also been designed to be completely portable across various win32 - based hardware platforms. microsoft is working with licensees of windows nt to port the entire visual c + + development environment, including mfc, to all windows nt - compatible hardware platforms. the result is a compatible language implementation, integrated tool set, system api and c + + application framework across the entire family of windows - compatible hardware. developers will be able to use their existing source code, makefiles and development experience with visual c +


result is a compatible language implementation, integrated tool set, system api and c + + application framework across the entire family of windows - compatible hardware. developers will be able to use their existing source code, makefiles and development experience with visual c + +. they will benefit from the ease of use of the visual g + + development system and from the high performance of the chip makers ’ optimised native - code generators. the application architecture is depicted in figure 3. | figure 3 - the application architecture | visual c + + portability : macintosh cross - development edition the cross - development tool set is an add - on to the intel - based visual c + + 2. 0 development environment tailored for targeting the 68k - based family of macintosh computers, and in the future, power macintosh versions of the same tools. the product provides all the tools necessary for developing and debugging native applications for the macintosh. these include an optimising c / c + + cross - compiler, linker, resource compiler, remote debugger and profiler. the tool set also includes a macintosh version of mfc 3. 0 and a win32 portability library. these tools are all integrated into the visual c + + 2. 0 development environment. the architecture of macintosh applications generated by visual c + + is shown in figure 4. | figure 4 - macintosh application architecture | the application source code can be written in c or c + + and can be from a single source - code base that supports both windows and the macintosh. the win32 portability libraries for the macintosh simplify the porting of an application written to the win32 api and / or to the macintosh foundation class library. these libraries generate appropriate macintosh system 7 instructions from calls to the win32 api. as depicted in the figure, developers can also program directly to the system 7 api to take advantage of platform - specific features. the resulting application, however, incorporates the native look and feel of a macintosh application. rigorous performance - tuning of the win32 portability library ensures there will be very little performance penalty for the ported application. in fact, microsoft uses this technology for its macintosh application developments, such as excel and foxpro for the macintosh. ole custom controls microsoft recently announced the ole custom control architecture, which merges the popular microsoft visual basic custom control architecture with the open, standard architecture of ole. ole custom controls make component - based development a reality by allowing developers to easily utilise existing bodies of functional code encapsulated as ole controls. an ole


the popular microsoft visual basic custom control architecture with the open, standard architecture of ole. ole custom controls make component - based development a reality by allowing developers to easily utilise existing bodies of functional code encapsulated as ole controls. an ole control is a custom control, implemented as an ole 2. 0 compound document object with visual editing support. an ole control has additional capabilities beyond those of ordinary ole objects, such as the ability to fire events. ole controls will be supported in the future by all microsoft development tools, including applications through visual basic, applications edition. most ole 2. 0 objects require a substantial amount of implementation effort. fortunately, an ole control deveioper ’ s kit ( cdk ) - along with visual c + + - provides most of the required implementation, so developers only have to fill in details that are specific to the ole control. the cdk includes both 16 - and 32 - bit mfc extensions to support controls, a controlwizard for creating an initial custom control project, c1asswizard extensions, a test container to verify the ole control, full online documentation, and sample code. microsoft visual c + + and the ole cdk make component - based software development a reality. visual c + + 2. 0 for intel and mips and the cross - development system for the macintosh 68k are scheduled to be made available in the first half of 1994. a future version of this tool set will target other windows nt - and risc - based platforms and the power macintosh platform. the ole cdk will be available in the same time frame as visual c + + 2. 0 for intel. the visual c + + development environment and the microsoft foundation class library will continue to evolve to support microsoft windows operating systems in the years ahead. overload journal # 5 - sep 1994 + programming topics | browse in : | | all > topics > programming ( 488 ) any of these categories - all of these categories


description - this national monument was the first designated site established in utah by the national park service. it preserves and protects the terrain surrounding owachomo, sipapu and kachina natural bridges. this site lies in the desert of southeastern utah far from any supplies and services. it has limited facilities, but water is available on site. - the biggest attraction at natural bridges national monument is the natural beauty of the desert terrain in which it lies. there are few developed facilities at this park. a small visitor center lies along state road 275. it contains a sales area with books, maps, posters and postcards and an exhibit area which explains the geology, natural and cultural history of the region. an audiovisual program is periodically shown throughout each day at the visitor center and rangers are available to answer questions. water is available at this site as are restrooms. a 13 - site campground is maintained by the park service near the visitor center. it is open on a first come, first served basis. individuals should arrive early to reserve a campsite. other facilities within the park include a nine - mile scenic drive and several overlooks. short trails lead to each bridge and horsecollar ruin. a longer loop trail leads to a viewpoint of each bridge. bikes are permitted on the scenic drive, but not on trails in the monument. recreation - visitors to natural bridges can enjoy hiking, camping, viewing exhibits, photography and scenic driving. the scenic loop drive along the rim of white canyon is open year - round. overlooks of each bridge are accessible for individuals using wheelchairs. informal interpretive programs may be given on the patio of the visitor center during peak season. climate - southeastern utah is the high desert. summer highs reach 85 to 95 degrees f, with lows near 50 to 60 degrees. thunderstorms often occur during summer afternoons. during autumn highs reach 60 to 75 degrees f, with lows dipping to 40 to 50 degrees. this time of year is mild and snow can be expected late in the season. winter highs usually reach 40 to 50 degrees f during the day with lows near 0 to 30 degrees at night and snow likely. spring is a pleasant time to visit the desert with highs ranging from 50 to 70 degrees f and lows dipping to 20 - 40 degrees. snow is possible anytime until may. most of the precipitation in this area falls in the spring. winter snows also can contribute significantly to precipitation amounts. this preserve lies in the southeastern corner of utah east of lake powell. the site is accessible from bland


think like a philosopher : psychosomatics and the luo vessels by nicholas sieben, lac the philosopher was given great respect within classical chinese culture. the dao de jing has many passages extolling the virtues of the " philosopher king. " the same was true within medicine. it is not enough to look at things in their literal sense : the nei jing asks a bit more from us than that. much of the classical texts are written in code, using philosophical metaphor to present their wisdom. my teacher jeffrey yuen has called chinese medicine " applied chinese philosophy, " advising that we ' d benefit as acupuncturists by learning chinese philosophy. every teaching we received from yuen was rooted in philosophy relating to that particular tradition. to illuminate the mysteries of the chinese medical classics, we must try to understand and think like the philosophers who wrote them. acupuncture is popularly seen to address physical problems. the notion that acupuncture also affects the mind and emotions is confusing to some ; enticing to others. an acupuncturist works on the external tissues of the body, exciting the " jing luo " ( channels and collaterals ), which travel along the body ' s external muscles. the jing luo have resonance with the internal organs, which control physical as well as mental - emotional function. physiology of the mind ( and emotions ) is usually discussed in classical chinese medicine in relation to blood, and explored through study of the primary channels, especially those relating to blood : the heart / pericardium, spleen / stomach and liver ; pathology can be explored through the " collaterals, " mainly the luo vessels. luo vessels are conduits of ying qi. they relate to the interior of the body. as collaterals, the luo vessels are created as needed to take on pathology from the primary channels. they are pathological channels representing a disturbance to the normal physiological flow of qi and blood. the luo are a major arena where battle between internal pathogenic factors and the body ' s physiology is played out. internal pathogenic factors are mainly considered to be the seven emotions within classical medicine. the " collaterals, " or so - called " secondary channels of acupuncture " can be seen as detailed explorations into the pathological process. when the primary channels become overwhelmed by a pathogenic factor, coming from the exterior or interior of the body, they rely on support from the collaterals so as to maintain daily physiological function.


be seen as detailed explorations into the pathological process. when the primary channels become overwhelmed by a pathogenic factor, coming from the exterior or interior of the body, they rely on support from the collaterals so as to maintain daily physiological function. the luo do not treat the pathogenic factors they inherit, but hold them in a state of latency as " fullness. " when the luo reach saturation, they " empty " back into the primary channel, or deeper into the source. to study pathology of the mind and emotions, the luo vessels are paramount. it can be confusing however, when studying the luo, to see most classical symptoms associated with them are somatic. the only " psychological " luo vessel symptom mentioned in chapter 10 of the ling shu is " mania, " associated with the stomach luo. even the heart and pericardium ' s luo symptoms sound very physical : " chest / heart pain, " " loss of voice, " " stiffness of the neck. " commentators, such as yuen, have said the somatic language used to describe luo vessel pathology is the result of confucian politeness, keeping discussion of the emotions within the family. it is historically considered inappropriate to speak of such things in the clinical setting. people expressed psychological pain through somatic language. " heart pain " expresses a sense of heartache, betrayal or disappointment ; " neck stiffness " : the stubbornness or inability to see new options. thinking like a philosopher, it ' s not difficult to see connection between the somatic and psychological within classical discussion of the luo vessels ; descriptions in ling shu chapter 10 are subtly illustrative and evocative. let ' s examine the small intestine luo vessel from this point of view. the symptom of " fullness " of the small intestine luo is described as " looseness of the elbow joint. " commentators have said this is somatic language for difficulty handling situations in life. the elbow represents the ability to grasp a situation and manipulate it. the channel travels through the elbow into the shoulder, where it terminates. progression of this luo vessel shows inhibition in ability to manipulate situations becoming difficulty reaching out and grasping, represented by movement of pathology from the elbow into the muscles of the shoulder. small intestine follows the pericardium in the luo vessel progression, as presented by chapter 10 of the ling shu : lung, heart, pericardium, small intest


pathology from the elbow into the muscles of the shoulder. small intestine follows the pericardium in the luo vessel progression, as presented by chapter 10 of the ling shu : lung, heart, pericardium, small intestine, large intestine, ect. by the stage of the pericardium luo, the body has failed to release a pathogenic factor from the chest via the lung ' s ability to diffuse and let go and the heart ' s ability to articulate and expel the problem through use of the tongue. the problem becomes stuck in the chest, creating a sensation of " chest pain : " a sign of fullness of the pericardium luo. as the vessel progresses into " emptiness, " the neck tightens to prevent heat stagnation from reaching the brain. the small intestine luo shows progression from a growing state of helplessness coming from the pericardium luo. the person has lost ability to see new options to their problem, as represented by the stiff neck. the small intestine tries to use its yang qi to open the chest, becoming deficient from the struggle. incidentally, the small intestine is the first luo to show symptoms of consumption and degeneration. einstein has a famous quote : " doing the same thing over and over, expecting a different result, is the definition of insanity. " emptiness of the pericardium luo, in which a person can only see a situation in one way, can lead to doing the same thing over and over trying to get something to change. overuse or " lao " will eventually lead to consumption of qi and degeneration, a term known as " wei atrophy syndrome. " the stage of progression represented by the small intestine luo suggests this scenario can eventually lead to autointoxication through weakening of the bowels. psychologically, fullness of the small intestine luo is described as the inability to accept feedback, manifesting in a defensive demeanor. all criticism is taken as an attack. the world begins to be perceived as a toxic place where the person feels they must always defend themselves. this state progresses into a sense of insecurity as the vessel empties. " pebbly stools " : the symptom associated with emptiness of the small intestine luo shows impact on the bowels, damaging the ability to separate the pure from the turbid. the second emptiness sympt


problem to the bladder to be expelled. metal is no longer giving birth to water ; instead the reverse is occurring, going against the generation cycle of the five elements. fullness of the lung ' s luo is described as " heat in the palms, " representing hyperactive sensuality : the constant need for contact and stimulation ; a seemingly excess symptom relating to the stage of psycho - social development governed by the lungs. the large intestine primary channel becomes involved during the teething process of a child, when the world begins to become something to " masticate. " discrimination and association begins with the large intestine. the stomach channel follows, providing the capacity for primal feelings of like and dislike. if food is not good, the child will vomit it back up. there is not yet a mental process involved at this stage, but one of pure feeling. the spleen, which comes next in the progression, provides the mental component, through the yi. the grouping of these four channels has been called " the survival stage " of development by yuen. if these criteria are not met, one cannot progress into the further stages of " interaction " and " differentiation. " without adequate respiration and digestion, life cannot be sustained. the same is true for the psycho - social. one must be able to make contact and discriminate one thing from another, especially in terms of harmful or safe, to be able to interact and ultimately differentiate within the more advanced level relating to perception and major life choices. the luo vessel becomes activated when there is a disturbance within one of the primary channels. luo vessel symptoms indicate trauma relating to blood. they can be formed during a person ' s developmental process, pathologically influencing demeanor, perception and behavior as the person grows into adulthood. some of us never learned how to deal with the word " no. " we became rebellious whenever we were not allowed to do something, showing a disturbance within the psycho - social development of the heart primary channel. luo vessels manifest in rebellious qi. we have already established symptoms need not be physical. within this model, the luo vessel progression follows that of the primary channels, as they are pathological outgrowths of psycho - social development. the " heart pain " of being told " no " can cause inability to handle feedback, which leads to a sense of overreaction within our minds, a hyper - vigilant " fight or flight " demeanor, which can ultimately progress into obsessive - compulsive behavior.


no " can cause inability to handle feedback, which leads to a sense of overreaction within our minds, a hyper - vigilant " fight or flight " demeanor, which can ultimately progress into obsessive - compulsive behavior. the psycho - behavioral progression described here is that of a disturbance to the heart, manifesting through its luo, and progressing to the small intestine, bladder and kidney luo vessels, respectively. this person could be treated through working with the affected luo vessels : to expel the blood stasis disturbing normal psycho - social development. once the blood stasis is resolved, the primary channel is given the opportunity to build itself back, restoring natural function. much of the language within the classics is codified. it must be read with a philosophical, three - dimensional point of view mirroring the three levels of energetics. what may seem simple and straightforward often has deeper meaning, illustrated through the somatic language of the channel systems of acupuncture. the wonderful thing about chinese medicine is that it is an art as well as a science ; built upon philosophy. there have been thousands of commentators to the classics throughout history ; some very popular, whose way of seeing the world have inspired others. this has given rise to numerous traditions. each of us must make the medicine our own, honoring ourselves as philosophers and commentators who create our own style based on the way we see the world. only then does chinese medicine remain a living system, imbued with shen : like the blood. click here for more information about nicholas sieben, lac.


thank you. this is very helpful. to be safe, i ' ll probably go with batteries, or buy some separate 9 v wall warts for the arduinos. i expect we will be using the arduinos for other projects, so it might be good to have separate power supplies for them. next design question : displaying data. in my prototype i have the arduino connected to my computer, so i just send the rotation speed to the serial monitor where a student could read it. but the computers in my classroom are old. they are 10 year old imacs running os 9. 2, which is not really supported by the arduino software. here are the options i ' m considering : 1 ) finding a way to make these old imacs work with arduino. i found one link about how to do this online, but it isn ' t really enough info for me, and i ' m not sure it is an easy fix. 2 ) i have access to a set of old pc laptops, but these are running windows 2000, which also does not appear to support arduino without a fair amount of fiddling : http : / / arduino. cc / playground / main / unowin2k 3 ) buying an lcd display for each setup would probably work, but i ' d rather find a cheaper alternative, since i have to build 8 to 10 of these. 4 ) a four - digit 7 segment display would be sufficient. reading about these, i think i would also need a shift register chip. ( might i need four of these, one for each digit? ) or i could use a led driver chip, but these seem to be more expensive. and if i go with led displays, i think i would need extra transistors to provide the necessary current for all the segments in the four digits. so the cost here starts to add up, since i will be building 10 of these setups. 5 ) another very elegant solution, in lieu of connecting directly to computers, would be to connect to students ' ti calculators. the calculators have a link port built into them, and i have extra link cables in my lab. i found someone on youtube who is able to do this ( http : / / www. youtube. com / watch? v = cmnoghkqdqk & nr = 1 ), but i ' m going to need to learn some z80 assembly language programming to interface the ti calculator to


science fair project encyclopedia in general, a nun is a female ascetic who chooses to voluntarily leave the world and live her life in prayer and contemplation in a monastery or convent. the term " nun " is applicable to roman catholics, eastern orthodox christians, anglicans, lutherans, and buddhists, for example. the male equivalent of a nun is a monk. in roman catholicism a nun is the term for a female monastic regular, equivalent to that of a male monk. in the catholic tradition, there are a number of different orders of nuns each with its own charism or special devotion. in general, when a person enters a convent she has a trial period ( noviciate ) that lasts a number of years. upon completion of this period she may take her vows. in the various branches of the benedictine tradition ( benedictines, cistercian and trappists ) nuns usually take formal vows of stability ( that is, to remain a member of a single monastic community ), obedience ( to an abbess or prioress ), and " conversion of life " ( which includes the ideas of poverty and chastity ) while in other groups like the " poor clares " ( a franciscan order ) and cloistered dominicans the three - fold vows of chastity, poverty and obedience are used. nuns observe " papal enclosure " rules and their monasteries typically have walls and grilles separating the nuns from the outside world. the nuns rarely leave, though they may have visitors in specially built parlors that allow them to meet with outsiders. they are usually self - sufficient, earning money by selling jams or candies or baked goods by mail order, or by making liturgical items ( vestments, candles, bread for holy communion ). they sometimes undertake contemplative ministries – that is, a monastery of nuns is often associated with prayer for some particular good : supporting the missions of another order by prayer ( the maryknoll order has both missionary sisters and cloistered nuns ; and the sisters of daughters of saint paul are supported in their media ministry by the nuns of daughters of divine wisdom ), prayer for a diocese, etc. technically, a convent is the home of a community of sisters – or, indeed, of priests and brothers, though this term is rarely used in the u. s. the term " monastery " is usually used by communities within the benedictine family, and convent ( when referring to a cloister ) of certain other orders. a nun who is elected to head her monastery is


is rarely used in the u. s. the term " monastery " is usually used by communities within the benedictine family, and convent ( when referring to a cloister ) of certain other orders. a nun who is elected to head her monastery is termed an abbess if the monastery is an abbey, a prioress if it is a priory, or more generically may be referred to as the mother superior. the distinction between abbey and priory has to do with the terms used by a particular order or by the level of independence of the monastery. roman catholic nun or sister? " nun " is not to be confused with " religious sister ". though commonly called nuns in informal conversation, women belonging to orders like the sisters of charity, franciscans or dominicans are religious sisters, not nuns. nuns and sisters are distinguished by the type of vows they take ( solemn vow vs. simple vow ) and the focus of their good works. the type of vow that one must take to become a member of a religious community is decided by the roman curia upon the approval that community. the religious community of a nun is referred to as a " religious order " while the religious community of a sister is referred to as an " institute " or " congregation ". nun and sister are mutually exclusive religious paths. to be a nun, one must a ) live in a cloistered community or monastery ; b ) have taken the solemn vows of poverty, chastity and obedience ( as opposed to the perpetual simple vows of poverty, chastity and obedience taken by sisters ) ; and c ) recite the liturgy of hours, divine office, or other prayers together with her community. nuns are restricted from leaving the cloister, though some may engage in limited teaching or other vocational work depending on the strictness of enforcement. visitors are not allowed into the monastary to freely associate with nuns. in essence, the work of a nun is within the confines of her monastary, while the work of a sister is in the greater world. both sisters and nuns are addressed as " sister. " eastern orthodox christian in the eastern orthodox church there is no distinction between a monastery for men and a monastery for women. in the greek language both domiciles are called monasteries and the ascetics who live there are monastics. in english, however, it is acceptable to use the terms " nun ", " convent ", and " abbess " simply for clarity and convenience. orthodox monastics do not have " orders " as in the catholic church.


there are monastics. in english, however, it is acceptable to use the terms " nun ", " convent ", and " abbess " simply for clarity and convenience. orthodox monastics do not have " orders " as in the catholic church. orthodox monks and nuns lead identical spiritual lives. there may be slight differences in the way a monastery functions internally but these are simply style differences ( gr. typica ) dependant on the abbess or abbot. the abbess is the spiritual leader of the convent and her authority is absolute ( no priest, bishop, or even patriarch can override an abbess within the walls of her monastery ). there has always been fair equality between men and women in the orthodox church. abbots and abbesses rank in authority equal to bishops in many ways and were included in ecumenical councils. abbesses hear confessions and dispense blessings on their charges though they still require the services of a presbyter ( i. e., a priest ) in order to celebrate the divine liturgy and other priestly functions. there have been, however, cases where nuns have functioned as deaconesses ; though the last one to serve in that position was in the 19th century. there are a number of different levels that the nun passes through in her profession. when one enters a monastery the first three to five years are spent as a " novice ". novices may or may not dress in the black inner robe ( isorassa ), this being dependent on the abbess ’ wishes. the isorassa is the first part of the monastic " habit " of which there is only one style for orthodox monastics ( this is true in general, there have been a few slight regional variations over the centuries ). orthodox monastics, in general have little or no contact with the outside world, especially family. the pious family whose child decides to enter the monastic profession understands that their child will become " dead to the world " and therefore be unavailable. if a novice chooses to leave during the novitiate period no penalty is incurred. when the abbess deems the novice ready, the novice is asked to join the monastery. if she accepts she is " tonsured " in a formal service, she is given the outer robe ( exorassa ) and veil to wear, and because she is now dead to the world she receives a new name. nuns consider themselves part of a sisterhood, however, tonsured nuns are usually called " mother ". the next level for monastics takes place some years after the first tonsure when the abbess


now dead to the world she receives a new name. nuns consider themselves part of a sisterhood, however, tonsured nuns are usually called " mother ". the next level for monastics takes place some years after the first tonsure when the abbess feels the nun has reached a level of discipline, dedication, and humility. once again, in a formal service the nun is elevated to the " schema " which is signified by additions to her " habit " of certain symbolic pieces. in addition, the abbess increases the nun ’ s prayer rule, she is allowed a more strict personal ascetic practice, and she is given more responsibility. the final stage, called " megaloschemos " or " great schema " is reached by nuns whose abbess feels they have reached a high level of excellence. in some monastic traditions the great schema is only given to monks and nuns on their death bed, while in others they may be elevated after as little as 25 years of service. denominations that are directly descended from the roman catholic church, such as the lutherans, anglicans, and even calvinists continue to have small monastic communities. in some anglican orders, there are nuns who have been ordained as priests. nuns also appear in buddhist traditions. while monks and nuns are celibate, it is not unusual for both to exist within the same monastery. there are many variations to the style of " habit " worn by these monastics, however, most, male and female, shave their head. other uses of the word nun - in biology, nun is a genus of the hillstream loach, a type of small freshwater fish. - in egyptian mythology, nun is an alternate spelling for nu, the name by which ancient egyptians called both the mysterious underworld from where life was renewed and the primordeal god residing there. the name translates as " abyss ". - nun is also the fourteenth letter of the hebrew alphabet. - nun and nunnery were also elizabethan era slang for prostitutes and brothels. - nun is also the name of the father of joshua, the right - hand man and successor of moses. - a nun buoy is a type of buoy. - sister wendy beckett - the sound of music - the singing nun - sisters of the third order of st. francis - poor clare nuns in rockford, illinois the contents of this article is licensed from www. wikipedia. org under the gnu free documentation license. click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details


current computer graphics are fairly well known and understood. but how did we get here? the evolution of computer graphics is intertwined with textual display, and it is difficult to consider the two separately. an old saying has it that a picture is worth a thousand words. the exact quantification of the value of imagery versus text appears to vary somewhat with subject matter, and is probably better left to psychologists and social scientists. but there is little question of the kernel of truth in the saying, and it has been a driver of computer architecture for many years. computer graphics are taken for granted today. but it has been a long and painful struggle, with hardware rarely keeping up with the demand for better images. in english, there are a relatively small number of characters which comprise text. the same is not true of images : graphics are computationally intensive. they always seem to take as much speed and memory as there are available. but the demand was high enough that early computer graphics could be fairly crude and still be in demand. from blinking lights to plotters getting computers to type text was, in comparison, a simple process. even in the early days of computing, there were existing devices which could translate a simple binary pattern into text. the military, for example, had used teletype machines for many years. programming a computer to output the pattern that outputs the code for a textual character on a teletype machine is relatively simple. early computers used mostly flashing lights, with punched cards or paper tape for input and output. when there is only room for a few hundred instructions, you take input and output in its simplest form. but sometimes the available technology drives applications, and sometimes, the need to do something becomes a driver of seeking new technology. the potential for getting a computer to produce a picture of the data wasn ’ t missed. it would be more valuable if the picture were produced rapidly enough for the user to interact, but even producing an image of some sort that represented the computer contents or calculations in the recent past had its merits. ibm was offering an output printer on its 701 model in 1952. it also offered a primitive graphics solution ( the model 740 “ cathode ray tube output recorder ” ) in 1954. the 740 demonstrates just how big the demand for graphics was, and how minimal a capability was considered meaningful. the 740 was a cathode ray tube to which a camera could be attached. digital - to - analog converters drove the cathode ray tube, slowly drawing lines, based on the digital outputs of the


minimal a capability was considered meaningful. the 740 was a cathode ray tube to which a camera could be attached. digital - to - analog converters drove the cathode ray tube, slowly drawing lines, based on the digital outputs of the computer. this method gradually came to be known as “ vector graphics, ” to distinguish it from other technologies. lines were plotted one point at a time. ibm justifiably bragged ( at the time ) that points were plotted at a rate of 8, 000 per second, with a display accuracy of a given point of only 3 %, but with good repeatability. you couldn ’ t reliably scale the resulting image, but the image would have at least conceptual value. typically, the camera shutter was opened when the drawing started, and closed when it finished. at that time, the film could be developed, and the image could be viewed later the same day. needless to say, this tech wasn ' t suitable for playing video games. of course, one could maintain a simpler image on the display simply by repeating the drawing instructions at a fairly high rate. but this used most or all of the cpu time, and limited the detail which could be drawn. the 740 had a sister display, the 780, which had a long - persistence phosphor ( 20 seconds ). while not as precise, when paralleled with the 740, it allowed the operator to verify that the image being produced was indeed the one desired. when you have to wait several hours for the film image to be developed, that ’ s a good idea. but there is another way to get an image with a slow computer, and one that will yield an image to the users much sooner : a plotter. gene seid and robert morton, two of the founders of calcomp, developed the idea in 1953, but lack of funding kept the device off the market until 1959. the idea is simple : drive a pen on two axes. that takes a pair of stepping motors, and something to put the pen down at the start of a line, and lift it again at the end. software can calculate when the pen should be stepped in either axis to draw straight lines between two points, curved lines, or whatever. in time, fairly sophisticated software packages were developed which isolated the users from the plotter, and allowed them to describe the image in more human - friendly terms such as “ m = 1, plot y = mx + b for x = 1 to 6, ” and so on


billy the kid : a short and violent life by robert m. utley university of nebraska press, 302 pages, $ 22. 95 while momaday ` s ` ` the ancient child ` ` presents the umpteenth fictive portrait of billy the kid, readers interested in a more authentic account of the renegade ` s life will not be disappointed by robert m. utley ` s careful study. utley demonstrates that the kid was very much a media creation even before pat garrett killed him on july 14, 1881. eastern newspaper reporters were already on hot pursuit of the colorful outlaw ` s trail. garrett and ash upson ` s ` ` the authentic life of billy the kid, the noted desperado of the southwest, whose deeds of daring and blood have made his name a terror in new mexico, arizona & northern mexico, ` ` published less than a year after the kid ` s death, assured his fame. thereafter, myth took over. utley describes billy as a ` ` hero and anti - hero, ` ` whose career did not live up to his reputation. the kid certainly did not kill 21 men ( one for each year of his life ) as is generally believed. the exact number may have been as few as four. ( in shoot - outs, it was often difficult to determine who shot whom. ) moreover, utley illustrates beyond any doubt that billy was very much concerned with going straight. billy ` s appeal has continued largely because of the american fascination with the ` ` twin specters of corruption and violence. ` ` reading this first - rate account of the celebrated outlaw ` s life, one cannot help concluding that if billy the kid were alive today, he ` d be very much at home.


read has also worked on the evolution of bacteria that resist antibiotics. in a provocative paper published last year, he suggested that typically prescribed doses of antibiotics can sometimes favor resistant strains. smaller doses, which allow the immune system to kill resistant bacteria, could prove a better long - term approach. in infectious disease, individual bugs compete within a host, as do individuals in any population of organisms. if a drug or vaccine doesn ' t completely wipe out or prevent infection, the intervention can tip the evolutionary playing field and possibly favor not only bugs that resist that particular drug, but ones that spread faster, or cause more severe symptoms, read said. the malaria findings, published in last week ' s issue of the journal plos biology, are being taken seriously by vaccine researchers. " if there is an effect like this we need to be mindful of it and take steps to minimize this kind of impact, " said patrick duffy, chief of the laboratory of malaria immunology and vaccination at the national institutes of health. the findings don ' t apply to most existing vaccines, such as those used against smallpox, measles, and mumps. those prevent people from ever getting infected, so there ' s no opportunity for the viruses to evolve in immunized people, read said. but the malaria parasite is a more complex organism and no vaccine being tested now can wipe it out. so far, the best scientists can do with vaccines is to stave off infection and ameliorate the symptoms, so that infected children are less likely to die. but vaccinated people still harbor the parasite, and, through mosquitoes, can spread it to others. such imperfect vaccines are referred to as " leaky " because the pathogens can still multiply and evolve inside infected people. other " leaky " vaccines may eventually be used to treat hiv. evolution may also play a role in how other diseases react to vaccines. whooping cough is one of them, read said, since the vaccine can wear off. researchers should also be vigilant about evolution of human papillomavirus ( hpv ), which causes cervical cancer, he said. the current vaccine doesn ' t protect against all strains of the virus and may allow nontargeted strains to become more virulent. " we ' re moving into situations where parasites are evolving in the presence of immunized populations, " he said. " we have to be sure we don ' t create situations where we ' re allowing hotter strains to spread. " while the malaria


" we ' re moving into situations where parasites are evolving in the presence of immunized populations, " he said. " we have to be sure we don ' t create situations where we ' re allowing hotter strains to spread. " while the malaria parasite that infects humans can ' t be given to laboratory mice or rats, these animals can be infected with a different version of the parasite that in nature infects african rodents called thicket rats. for a vaccine in this mouse experiment, read and collaborator victoria barclay chose a protein called ama - 1, which is the key component in several vaccines now in human trials in africa. they allowed the parasite to spread through 10 different immunized mouse hosts. then they let it infect unvaccinated mice. this new malaria parasite made unvaccinated mice much sicker than malaria that hadn ' t evolved in vaccinated hosts. read said they are still trying to figure out the specific mechanism by which the malaria parasites became more aggressive and virulent. it ' s possible, he said, that the immune response prompted by the vaccine knocked out the weakest parasites, leaving the more aggressive, fast - spreading ones to grow without competition. nih ' s duffy said the results will influence how they conduct human vaccine trials now going on in several african countries. in read ' s experiment, it was the unvaccinated mice that got the worst disease down the road. if things play out the way they did for read ' s experimental mice, he said, the vaccines might benefit some people but make the situation more dangerous for those who remain unvaccinated. " we not only need to follow the people who we ' ve given the vaccine to, but other people in the community, " duffy said. researchers are exploring a number of different tactics for vaccine development, duffy said. they ' re targeting the parasite in different stages of its complicated life cycle, including the phase in which it lives inside the mosquito. some of these stages may be less likely than others to allow the parasite to evolve. he and read agree that this new paper should increase awareness of evolution but not fuel irrational fears of vaccines. " vaccines are still our best public health tool, " duffy said. " they are our most cost - effective way to improve public health. " contact faye flam at 215 - 854 - 4977, firstname. lastname @ example. org, or follow on twitter @ fayeflam. read her blog at philly. com / evolution.


it is a depressing commentary on our times that even in the waning years of the 20th century, a majority of the earth ` s nations still feel compelled to imprison, torture and kill citizens who speak out against them. amnesty international, the human rights group that documents mistreatment of political prisoners, has released its annual report. it is another chronicle of human misery, pain and injustice that spares few governments from indictment. no less than 135 nations were accused of abusing human rights in 1987 - - the most since amnesty was founded in 1961. at least 760 political prisoners in 39 countries were executed, but the report said the number probably was much higher because of secret executions. ` ` in at least half the countries of the world, ` ` the report said, ` ` people are locked away for speaking their minds, often after trials that are no more than a sham. in at least a third of the world ` s nations, men, women and even children are tortured. in scores of countries, governments pursue their goals by kidnapping and murdering their own citizens. ` ` while the report singled out the middle east as the region where political imprisonment and torture was most prevalent, it also pointed a finger at the united states for the louisiana execution of a mentally retarded man who had raped and murdered a child. no region was exempt from condemnation. the soviet union, which released 259 political prisoners, received no praise in the report because they had been unjustly arrested in the first place. china, haiti, iraq, iran, south africa and israel came in for special censure. even great britain, which suppressed the findings of a police inquiry into the killing of six unarmed irish guerrillas, was cited by the report. but amnesty international, which received the nobel peace prize in 1977, did find some reason for hope. it noted that more than 1, 000 groups committed to human rights recently have sprung up around the world. it also cited a proliferation of new laws to protect the rights of prisoners. by shining its spotlight of worldwide publicity on human rights abuses by governments, amnesty international serves as a kind of global conscience. that its spotlight is required at all is a sad admission that despite centuries of cultural and technological accomplishments, mankind has not yet progressed far beyond dark - ages barbarism in its treatment of disagreeable people.


[ a. k. a sekmines – seventh sunday after easter in lithuania and in neighboring countries, traditions of pentecost are related with the end of sowing and the start of summer labors. this is a spring gathering and shepherds ' holiday. the most distinctive feature of pentecost is nature worship. the power of nature was attributed to young, green birch trees. it was believed that the birch tree can pass her vitality to the soil, to animals, protect from illness and all evils. on the eve of pentecost, village girls dispersed in fields and woods in search of flowers and greenery that were used to make wreaths. young men picked branches off birch trees, which they placed around doors, gates, inside porches and in living rooms. wreaths and bunches of flowers decorated the entire house. tables were covered with linen tablecloths, garden paths were sprinkled with sand and greens. it was believed that the souls of the dead, while visiting homes on pentecost, rested on birch tree branches. shepherds decorated cows with birch wreaths, to keep them calm and together, be good milkers and to please the mistress of the house so she would be kind and generous throughout the year. the writer, b. buraeas described this tradition of decorating the herds in his writings, saying that on the night before pentecost, shepherds returning home with the herd dressed the animals with birch and marsh marigold wreaths. they even tied birch branches to cattle horns. in some regions women placed a piece of bread in a white linen kerchief, tied it with three double birch branches and tied this kerchief to their apron sash believing this to be a protection from snake bites. whipping with bathing birch - rods in bathhouses was believed to chase all ailments out of the body. on pentecost morning, the master of the house whipped his cows to make them more active while grazing in the fields. when christianity came to lithuania, churches began blessing grasses. then on this holiday, churches were decorated with birch trees and other greenery. people arrived in church carrying bunches of greenery, which were blessed. these blessed greens were set on fire and their smoke was used to incense dying persons, new buildings and storm clouds. it was believed that smoke from pentecost greens had the power to chase away evil spirits, protect buildings and send storm clouds away. wayside crosses and ritual tables were also decorated with pentecost greenery


persons, new buildings and storm clouds. it was believed that smoke from pentecost greens had the power to chase away evil spirits, protect buildings and send storm clouds away. wayside crosses and ritual tables were also decorated with pentecost greenery. j. balys wrote in " lithuanian calendar holidays " how plants are used in charmings. first of all, many wreaths were twined and each one was given a man ' s name. the largest wreath was given the name of the girl who wanted to know the name chosen name. the wreaths are thrown into the well or into the pond in the evening, so as not to be seen by anyone. early in the morning the girl went to see if her wreath was beside the largest wreath. if it was, she would marry him. before pentecost one must twine a large wreath of cornflowers with three branches of rue in it. before evening this wreath is placed on the girl ' s head and fastened to the hair so it would not fall off. he, who in a dream removes this wreath, will be the one too take away her virginity. n. gimbutas in " baltic mythology ", wrote that there was tradition to go to the woods on pentecost. a birch tree was picked out, decorated and taken into the village. about hundred years ago this was an important ritual which involved the entire community. on this holiday there are fire and water glorification rituals. the church on pentecost blessed fire and water. in many regions holy water was sprinkled on grain seeds, so that they would sprout fast and that birds would not peck at the grain. sprinkling with holy water was meant to keep insects away from the crops and keep ponds and rivers safe from drownings. to keep horses well and give them shinny coats, their food was also sprinkled with holy water. after pentecost, according to the folk calendar, it was safe to swim in rivers and lakes, especially if these bodies of water were close to churches, they were blessed by the priests to protect the swimmers from drownings. country folk poured holy water into their wells and ponds for pentecost is one bright day in the shepherds ' year. this day was begun by the blare of the herdsman ' s trumpet before sunrise, awakening the shepherds. that day, every shepherd planned to take his herd out at the earliest and play his small horn. each shepherd made his own small horn for pentec