network for integrated planning and sustainable development strategies - asia & pacific ( sdplannet - ap ) exists to help professionals involved in development planning share innovative approaches for integrating sustainable development into plans, strategies and budgeting processes at national, sub - national and local levels. types of approaches and tools being shared the network focuses on approaches that facilitate forward - looking analysis and adaptive strategy - making and that identify important linkages and trade - offs among economic, social and environmental issues. examples of approaches include, but are not limited to : the use of scenario outlooks for long - term planning ; indicator information systems to measure progress towards improved quality of life and sustainability ; integrated assessment techniques such as sustainability assessment and integrated policy appraisal ; creation and operation of multi - stakeholder councils and advisory groups ; and innovative financing mechanisms such as payment for ecological goods and services. - persons from national governments who are responsible for developing and coordinating national development plans and strategies, including planning and finance departments, as well as environment, natural resources, education, health, and community development - persons from sub - national and local governments, including city officials, who are responsible for developing and coordinating development plans and strategies - persons from organizations who have a mandate and interest in advancing approaches for integrating sustainable development into decision - making - ( not currently conducting ) host bi - monthly internet - based learning events on specific tools and approaches used by network participants and in other countries around the world. - ( currently conducting ) moderate e - mail correspondence among the participants to share new practices and questions posted by the participants. - ( currently conducting online ) share best practices with other similar networks worldwide. - ( currently conducting online ) conduct targeted research on specific tools and approaches of interest to network participants. - ( not currently conducting ) coordinate and host annual conferences featuring tools and approaches for integrating sustainable development into national plans, strategies and budgeting processes. advisory group members › › european environment and sustainable development advisory councils ( eeac ) › › deutsche gesellschaft fur technische zusammenarbeit ( giz ) › › earth council › › economic cooperation organization ( eco ) › › institute for global environmental strategies ( iges ) › › international development research centre ( idrc ) › › international institute for sustainable development ( iisd ) › › organization for economic cooperation and development ( oecd ) › › the pacific islands forum secretariat › › secretariat of the pacific regional environment programme › › un division for sustainable development › › un economic and social commission for asia and the pacific ( unescap ) › › unep regional


pasadena - it ' s a typical friday afternoon in whyville. the beaches are packed with preteens anxiously planning their weekends and snickering about the opposite sex. gaggles of middle schoolers are filling up the local mall, where they part with hard - earned cash to purchase sparkly earrings and tank tops. for those who feel like getting away from the hustle and bustle, there is always the option of teleporting into outer space, or taking a motorboat to the wetlands and conducting algae research with professional oceanographers. the ordinary and extraordinary coexist almost without distinction inside the pasadena - based whyville. net, a virtual community for youths - usually ages 10 - 13 - founded by a former caltech professor and graduates. once the domain of only hard - core gamers and early adopters, the concept of " living " and interacting online is fast reaching the mainstream. millions of users are now registered with a variety of virtual communities worldwide. online, residents form their own digital characters, called avatars, and go about integrating into their chosen online societies. " there are so many places out there, " said jacquelyn ford morie, senior scientist and associate director for creative development at usc ' s institute for creative technologies. " all have their different customs, constraints and social morays based on what we have in everyday life. " but while there ' s been an explosion in the number first online in 1999, the seeds for the project were planted in 1986 by caltech biology professor jim bower. bower, an innovator in the field of education technology, had created a primitive community inside the los angeles county library ' s computer system that allowed children to explore its offerings. by the late 1990s, he had advanced his work with an array of educational projects, and turned his attention toward a way to teach science to children via an informal, social and interactive setting. " we knew that if you wanted to engage kids you have to have a social component. we ' re all fundamentally social, we are a social animal, " he said, adding that, in this setting, learning can be designed to appeal to young people ' s desire to stand out. but while bower saw the virtual community model as the logical direction the internet would take, he had a hard time convincing anyone that it was a worthwhile idea. " we were trying to convince people for a number of years that this makes sense and nobody in corporate america knew what we were talking about. so we did it ourselves,


, he had a hard time convincing anyone that it was a worthwhile idea. " we were trying to convince people for a number of years that this makes sense and nobody in corporate america knew what we were talking about. so we did it ourselves, " he said. bower, two caltech graduates and a graphic designer from the art center college of design resigned to going at it alone and, using much of bower ' s own money, created whyville and its parent company, numedeon. " we really just bootstrapped ourselves. it was really exciting, " said jennifer sun, founding member and president of numedeon. " we were convinced that the internet was going to be for two - way interaction. we thought that was the most interesting thing that the internet could offer this to education. " today, whvyille reports 2. 2 million registered users from around the world and a list of sponsor companies that keeps growing. the concept behind whyville is simple. it ' s a world where kids do much of what adults do - with the idea that they are learning practical skills in the grown - up world at play. while a large amount of time is taken up chatting with friends, they also save money for land and build houses on their plots. here, it ' s common for 10 - year - olds take out bank loans to purchase toyota scions ( they all have whyco scores instead of fico scores ) and everyone works to support the economy, which is based on clam shells. in order earn a " salary, " and make use of most of what ' s available, users must participate in a variety of educational games and activities often sponsored by science organizations ( toyota is currently the only for - profit sponsor on the site ). one of the latest offerings is found at the most popular whyville hangout, the beach. users arrive to find the ocean has turned red, and are instructed to take a water sample and head to the whyville branch of the very real woods hole oceanographic institution, the largest independent oceanographic research institution in the united states. there they examine the sample and identify the culprit as red bloom algae. then they must investigate what ' s causing the algae outbreak and head out to the wetlands to figure out how to quell it. it ' s a complex process. " i don ' t know of any other sites of this kind that tries to attempt this type of science learning, " said yasmin kafai, associate professor of psychological studies in education


quell it. it ' s a complex process. " i don ' t know of any other sites of this kind that tries to attempt this type of science learning, " said yasmin kafai, associate professor of psychological studies in education at ucla who has studied whyville extensively and written a range or research papers on the topic. " i think they are very successful in this respect - constantly innovating. " while whyville was practically flying solo for a while, the times are certainly catching up with them. in 2003, an adult - themed community called second life came online and began growing fast. in late 2006, second life began attracting tons of media coverage, which sent attention back to whyville in the process. with all the buzz surrounding them, numedeon ' s president, sun, said she can ' t help but feel gratified, " to have been so ahead of the curve. " and even with all the new entrants to the game, bower remains convinced his creation is still in a league of its own. " the land has gotten richer and richer, " he said, " but whyville is a lot more deep and a lot more interesting than a lot of virtual worlds out there. " ( 626 ) 578 - 6300 ext. 4494


page : | 1 | frog is very worried as he has an important speech to make at his school assembly. the speech is about breathing and he doesn ' t know a thing about it! he asks his friends for help and they teach him all about the lion breath, the crocodile breath, the humming bee breath and the woodchopper breath. can any of these breathing techniques calm his nerves before the big speech? keywords : anger management, anxiety, child psychology, children, education, emotions, fiction, mainstream education, mental health, movement, yoga learning the chinese arts of tai chi and qigong is a great way for children to relax, have fun, and strengthen body and mind. this easy - to - use teacher training pack provides step - by - step instructions and simple techniques that enable anyone to teach tai chi and qigong to children. keywords : anxiety, chi kung, children, complementary therapies, dance and movement therapy, education, health care, mainstream education, mental health, occupational therapy, pastoral care, qigong, tai chi, taiji jian, taiji quan page : | 1 | singing dragon is an imprint of jessica kingsley publishers. jessica kingsley publishers is a limited company registered in england. registered number : 2073602. vat reg. no : 455 2134 66. © 1996, 2013 jessica kingsley publishers.


the horse chestnut tree, also known as the aesculus hippocastanum, is a large, deciduous hardwood tree that grows in temperate climates. it has large, green leaves with five to seven lobes and white flowers. the seeds of the horse chestnut tree grow in green, spiny cases. when the cases split open, the seeds inside are round, brown and extremely shiny. horse chestnut extract is made from the glossy brown seed of the horse chestnut tree. horse chestnut extract can be found listed as an ingredient in some skin cleansers. the high level of saponins in horse chestnut extract makes it an effective skin purifier. bath oils and infusions sometimes contain horse chestnut extract due to its skin softening properties. horse chestnut extract contains a saponin called escin, which has anti - inflammatory properties. in addition, escin strengthens the walls of the veins and arteries, giving it vasoprotective properties. the condition of capillaries is improved because horse chestnut extract reduces the presence of elastase and hyaluronidase, enzymes that break down protein. horse chestnut extract also thins the blood by impairing the action of platelets. when taken orally, escin has been scientifically proven to be effective in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency, a condition which prevents deoxygenated blood being pumped back to the heart effectively. blood can pool in the lower extremities, leading to swelling of the legs and ankles. leg injuries can trigger this debilitating condition. women tend to be more susceptible to chronic venous insufficiency than men. high levels of escin also make horse chestnut extract an effective treatment for varicose veins and hemorrhoids due to its vasoconstricting properties. both varicose veins and hemorrhoids are caused by enlarged, protruding veins. horse chestnut extract tightens and shrinks enlarged varicose veins and hemorrhoids, making them less visible. horse chestnut extract is also used as a herbal treatment for diarrhea. spider veins are a mild type of varicose veins that are not dangerous, but can make individuals self - conscious about their appearance. horse chestnut extract ’ s capillary constricting and strengthening properties make it a useful ingredient in skin care creams that have been formulated to treat visible spider veins and unsightly red threads. this includes creams designed to improve the condition of the delicate skin under the eyes. eye creams


##ricting and strengthening properties make it a useful ingredient in skin care creams that have been formulated to treat visible spider veins and unsightly red threads. this includes creams designed to improve the condition of the delicate skin under the eyes. eye creams containing horse chestnut extract effectively lighten dark circles under the eyes by thickening the skin and strengthening fragile capillaries. horse chestnut extract boosts the condition of the skin by improving the circulation and delivering oxygen - rich blood to the dermal matrix. by inhibiting enzymes elastase and hyaluronidase, horse chestnut extract helps the skin to battle the signs of aging that deplete collagen and elastin from the skin. reduced levels of collagen and elastin are a primary cause of wrinkles and sagging skin that are typical of aging skin. when applied topically as a 2 % gel or balm, the escin in horse chestnut extract is an effective treatment for bruised skin. its anti - inflammatory properties reduce swelling, while the broken capillaries under the skin that cause the blue / black discoloration are strengthened and repaired. external, topical application of horse chestnut extract can be effective in treating sports injuries. horse chestnut extract is often found in products that contain centella asiatica, because these two botanical extracts work together in synergy to provide highly effective results. oral supplements of horse chestnut extract are typically found in capsule and tablet format. the extract tastes bitter and can some people may find it unpalatable in liquid form. care should be taken when consuming horse chestnut extract as it can interfere with certain medication, including anticoagulant and blood thinning drugs, such as warfarin or heparin. it should not be taken by individuals with a blood clotting disorder. as horse chestnut extract can lower blood sugar, it should not be taken by anyone with diabetes. it is possible to overdose on supplements of horse chestnut extract. the leaf, bark, flower, and seed of the horse chestnut tree should not be consumed in their raw state because they contain a toxic substance called esculin. ingestion of esculin can cause stomach upset, vomiting, and diarrhea. if raw horse chestnut leaves, bark, flowers, or seeds are ingested, immediate medical attention should be sought.


| news | education | halal & healthy | parenting | teens | kids | marriage | the quran | glossary | rate this article black history month 11 ideas for learning and teaching during black history month black history month is an excellent opportunity to not only learn about how islam figures in the life and history of africa and muslim africans, but also to share this knowledge with others for the purpose of dawa. here are some tips and ideas of what you, your school, masjid or muslim students ' association can do during black history month 1. attend events held in your community, on campus, at your local library etc. not only will this show a muslim presence. it will also show muslim interest in the topic. too often, muslims are seen as being interested only in " their own " issues. your desire to listen and learn will insha allah, provide you with more knowledge of the topic. you can also provide an islamic perspective there if there is none being presented. 2. read a book about the history of islam among african people in the united states and in africa check out some good ones in our recommend bibliography. 3. arrange to have a speaker knowledgeable of islamic history amongafrican - americans to address your masjid this can actually become two events. one will be a lecture to educate muslims. the second will be a mosque open house, where not only will non - muslims learn about african - american muslim history, but about islam as well, insha allah. it will facilitate direct contact between muslims and non - muslims, which is one of the key ingredients of good dawa. make sure there is plenty of publicity inside and outside the mosque of the event. and refreshments, of course. 4. sponsor events with non - muslim african - american organizations this is a great way for the msa, for instance, to organize an activity with another organization which may have more resources ( i. e. money and contacts ). more importantly though, this is a way to show muslim interest in african history through action ( i. e. trying to arrange an event to educate others about the topic ). give the islamic perspective as much as you can as you work with the non - muslims. 5. arrange for a small group discussion / video showing at your home or msa concerning african - american history and its significance to the development of the ummah in this part of the world deeper roots : muslims in the americas before columbus would be a great video to see here. also be sure there are refreshments for everyone at


concerning african - american history and its significance to the development of the ummah in this part of the world deeper roots : muslims in the americas before columbus would be a great video to see here. also be sure there are refreshments for everyone at the end. print out a couple of one - page articles or dawa pamphlets on the african - american or african muslims that people can take home, with muslim contact names and numbers on the back. 6. make bedtime story night for your kids a story about african or african - american muslims do you read to your kids at night before they go to bed? if so, talk to them a bit about black history month ( if they go to public school, they may already be doing something on the topic in class ) and read a chapter of a book about notable muslim africans or african - americans. 7. have one of the kids do a presentation on one of the sahabah from africa or a more recent muslim african - american personality during a family meeting they ' ll teach everyone, learn something themselves, and know that muslims have their own africans and african - americans to be proud of. 8. have your school or local library include notable muslim african - americans in its display during black history month talk to the librarian. s / he has probably already decided to have a special black history month exhibit during february. but who has s / he decided to include. give some suggestions of muslim africans and african - americans who contributed to the development of the ummah, america and the world. 9. do the above for a museum contact the organizer of the exhibition and suggest a few names of personalities to include. if they ' re clueless even better : give them the information about these muslims. and add a couple of articles or books about islam while you ' re at it. 10. write an article in your school and / or local paper about what black history month means to you as a muslim this can be done on an individual basis, or better yet, designate someone from the msa or the islamic center to do this. you can talk about the rich history of muslim africa, and how muslim african - americans have impacted the u. s. a. today. 11. do a class presentation on a notable muslim african or african - american if this is a general class assignment, you ' ve just found your topic. if not, suggest it to your teacher. if you ' re afraid your classmates will get angry you gave them extra homework, suggest doing this as a special assignment for yourself.


scientific name : rhododendron ferrugineum - common nouns : ferruginous rhododendron, rose laurel of the alps, rosage, rose of the alps. - family : ericacees - kind : rhododendron, of the “ pink ” greek rhodon and dendron “ tree ” - form : bushes from 30 to 120 cm height, marrying the forms of the relief. - sheets : persistent, glabrous on whole board not cilie, of color dark green and luisantes in lower part. - flowers : odorous of beautiful a pink sharp, grouped by 6 to 10 at the end of the branches. - flowering : from june to august. - habitat : rubbles, lawns, wood lights on the acid grounds of the slopes north. - altitude : between 1600 and 2400 mr. - toxicity : yes, contains arbutine, aricoline and of rhodoxanthine. they are considered of average toxicity, but causes vomiting, various digestive disorders, nervous, respiratory and cardiovascular disorders. - protected plant : not see tooflowers of the alps | random links : | | pretty hastens machine | corneria | santiago meson | arthur henry shakespeare lucas | fault lines | vitamine |


adams, d. m., and m. e. hamm. 1992. " portfolio assessment and social studies : collecting, selecting, and reflecting on what is significant. " social education 56 : 103 - 105. baker, e. l. 1990. what probably works in alternative assessment. los angeles, ca : ucla graduate school of education ; national center for research and evaluation, standards, and student testing. calfee, r. c., and p. perfumo. 1993. " student portfolios : opportunities for a revolution in assessment. " journal of reading 36 : 532 - 537. crowley, m. l. 1993. " student mathematics portfolio : more than a display case. " the mathematics teacher 86 : 544 - 547. herman, j. l., p. r. aschbacher and l. winters. 1992. a practical guide to alternative assessment. alexandria, va : association for supervision and curriculum development. herman, j. l., and l. winters. 1994. " portfolio research : a slim collection. " educational leadership 52, 2 : 48 - 55. lewis, a. c. 1992. " no shortcuts for alternative assessment. " research and development review. 7, 4 : 2 - 3. padilla, a. m., h. sung and j. aninao. 1994. stanford foreign language oral skills evaluation matrix ( flosem ). unpublished manuscript, stanford university, school of education. singer, s., ed., 1993. portfolio assessment in foreign language. evansville, in : evansville - vanderburgh school corporation. slater, t. 1994. " portfolios in learning and assessment in physics. " the physics teacher 32 : 370 - 373. thompson, l., ed., 1995. k - 8 foreign language assessment : a bibliography. washington, center for applied linguistics. eric clearinghouse on languages and linguistics. home | organization | map | events and discussions | resources | standards and frameworks


miami followed other cities including san francisco, detroit and washington dc when, in january 1977, it amended its antidiscrimination ordinance to include gays and lesbians. impetus for its passage came from the dade county coalition for the humanistic rights of gays. the coalition had been founded by jack campbell, proprietor of the club baths chain and himself a gay pioneer when he ran for miami city commissioner as the one of first openly gay candidates in the country. the coalition endorsed 49 candidates for local office in 1976, of whom 44 won their races. one of them was ruth shack, who had also been endorsed by singer anita bryant as a favor to her agent, who was shack ’ s husband. as a miami - dade commissioner, shack introduced the pro - gay amendment to miami ’ s existing antidiscrimination ordinance. bryant, who belonged to the conservative northwest baptist church, a congregation that advertised itself as “ bible - believing and soul - winning ” and had campaigned against school desegregation, was chagrined when people from her church approached her, saying, “ i voted for ruth shack because you said to do it, and now look at the resolution she ’ s introduced. ” bryant wrote to the dade county commission that passing the ordinance would mean “ infringing upon my rights as a citizen and mother to teach my children and set examples of god ’ s moral code as stated in the holy scriptures. ” she concluded, “ i urge you with every ounce of my being to vote no. ” go to panel 6


as we hold our children a little closer, we wonder how such a tragedy could have possibly unfolded in a quiet new england town. as our hearts ache for those parents who have lost children, and those children who have lost brothers, sisters, parents and teachers, we wonder why. i wonder how they will go on, living with grief, or in fear, as their lives have been changed forever. nothing can bring back their loss, or ease the pain that hundreds of families will endure from a senseless tragedy in newtown, conn. why does violence continue to be breaking news? could it be that we have desensitized our children by allowing them to play video games with guns and weapons that clear a room full of cartoon warriors? do those games normalize violence and killing with a powerful adrenalin rush? children learn what they live. have we allowed violent movies and tv to seep into our everyday lives? many children are permitted to watch movies that are well beyond their understanding. television needs to be monitored, as much of it is completely inappropriate for those who are learning as they watch. have we become too busy or just careless? have we all become desensitized to violence? how can we protect our children? experts across the country are weighing in and recommending how to talk to children about traumatic circumstances. common themes suggest that we provide information, emotional security, stability and love. i believe that every child needs each of those supports every single day, not just when tragedy unfolds. it is always important to tell children the truth so they learn trust, believe what we say, and come to us often with their questions. as parents, we want them to learn that they can rely on us for the answers. however, it is not necessary, or even recommended, to offer more information than is asked. children ask what they need to know. provide a clear, simple answer in one or two sentences, and then stop. wait for your child to process that information. your brief answer may be enough. if your child asks another question, give another brief, one sentence answer. on any given day children ask what they want to know. don ’ t tell them more than they can understand or process. children develop a sense of emotional security when they know what to expect. waking up each day to normal routine is always in a child ’ s best interest, because emotional and functional learning occurs more readily when a child is comfortable. with a consistent, routine environment children are better able to maintain healthy emotional self -


to expect. waking up each day to normal routine is always in a child ’ s best interest, because emotional and functional learning occurs more readily when a child is comfortable. with a consistent, routine environment children are better able to maintain healthy emotional self - control, and when distressed can often self - regulate more easily. in the face of tragedy, there is very little that is normal, but whenever possible be consistent with routines that directly affect your child. always provide routine comfort at bedtime with time for prayers and stories. increase family time experts suggest that families spend more time together when tragedy occurs. family time includes sharing meals, going for walks or reading together. it is your physical presence that provides comfort and emotional security. family time provides the foundation for children to develop the social skills they need to be successful. turn off the tv and find time every day to play a board game, piece together a puzzle, look through family albums, or bake a family recipe together. make family night part of your weekly routine to instill and reinforce the values you hold true. communicate your love, understanding and support with unexpected hugs or a gentle loving touch. take time to sit and rock together. express your love, with and without words. be there for your child. eliminate access to violent games, tv and movies. teach with thought, and wrap your child in love and hugs every day. diana boggia, m. ed., is a parenting coach who lives in stark county ohio. she is author of “ parenting with a purpose. ” send your child - rearing questions to familymatters @ cantonrep. com or the repository, c / o family matters, 500 market ave. s, canton, oh 44702. find parenting resources at her website, www. yourperfectchild. com. by diana boggia, ghns stuttgart daily leader - stuttgart, ar by diana boggia, ghns posted dec. 18, 2012 @ 1 : 55 pm » events calendar connect with stuttgart daily leader - stuttgart, ar


source : between the lions : " spicy hot colors & yesterday i had the blues " in this video segment from between the lions, tammy lionette ( cleo ) sings about the two sounds made by the letter " c. " words that appear on screen include : cry, certainly, card, crate, celebrate, call, cell, city, cycle, december, clear, nicely, crack, circus, camp, center, cramp, circles, crying, can, concede, cope, can ’ t, and conceive. the letter " c " is in a different color and is colored regardless of where it appears in the word. this video segment provides a resource for phonemic awareness, phonics, letter knowledge awareness, and phonological awareness. academic standards correlations on teachers ' domain use the achievement standards network ( asn ) database of state and national standards, provided to nsdl projects courtesy of jes & co. we assign reference terms to each statement within a standards document and to each media resource, and correlations are based upon matches of these terms for a given grade band. if a particular standards document of interest to you is not displayed yet, it most likely has not yet been processed by asn or by teachers ' domain. we will be adding social studies and arts correlations over the coming year, and also will be increasing the specificity of alignment.


it was the favourite fruit of founder steve jobs. he was three months late in filing a name for the business, and he threatened to call his company apple computers if the other colleagues didn ’ t suggest a better name by 5 o ” clock. it is not an acronym as popularly believed. it is short for san francisco. this name was formed by using comp, for computer, and paq to denote a small integral object. the name was derived from the founder ’ ’ s name dr. michael cowpland. it stands for cowpland research laboratory. the name started as a joke boasting about the amount of information the search - engine would be able to search. it was originally named ” googol ”, a word for the number represented by 1 followed by 100 zeros. after founders – stanford graduate students sergey brin and larry page presented their project to an angel investor, they received a cheque made out to ” google ”. founder jack smith got the idea of accessing e - mail via the web from a computer anywhere in the world. when sabeer bhatia came up with the business plan for the mail service, he tried all kinds of names ending in ” mail ” and finally settled for hotmail as it included the letters “ html ” – the programming language used to write web pages. it was initially referred to as hotmail with selective uppercasing. bill hewlett and dave packard tossed a coin to decide whether the company they founded would be called hewlett - packard or packard - hewlett. bob noyce and gordon moore wanted to name their new company ” moore noyce ” but that was already trademarked by a hotel chain so they had to settle for an acronym of integrated electronics. mitch kapor got the name for his company from ” the lotus position ” or ” padmasana ”. kapor used to be a teacher of transcendental meditation of maharishi mahesh yogi. coined by bill gates to represent the company that was devoted to microcomputer software. originally christened micro - soft, the ” - ” was removed later on. founder paul galvin came up with this name when his company started manufacturing radios for cars. the popular radio company at the time was called victrola. larry ellison and bob oats were working on a consulting project for the cia ( central intelligence agency ). the code name for the project was called oracle ( the cia saw this as the system to give answers to all questions or something such ).


. larry ellison and bob oats were working on a consulting project for the cia ( central intelligence agency ). the code name for the project was called oracle ( the cia saw this as the system to give answers to all questions or something such ). the project was designed to help use the newly written sql code by ibm. the project eventually was terminated but larry and bob decided to finish what they started and bring it to the world. they kept the name oracle and created the rdbms engine. later they kept the same name for the company. it originated from the latin word ‘ ’ sonus ” meaning sound, and ‘ ’ sonny ” a slang used by americans to refer to a bright youngster. founded by 4 stanford university buddies, sun is the acronym for stanford university network. andreas bechtolsheim built a microcomputer ; vinod khosla recruited him and scott mcnealy to manufacture computers based on it, and bill joy to develop a unix - based os for the computer. the word was invented by jonathan swift and used in his book ” gulliver ’ ’ s travels ”. it represents a person who is repulsive in appearance and action and is barely human. yahoo! founders jerry yang and david filo selected the name because they considered themselves yahoos.


living snow fence utilization is one of the most sustainable engineering actions dots can do along highway corridors. living snow fences are designed plantings of trees and / or shrubs and native grasses along highways, roads and ditches that create a vegetative buffer that traps and controls blowing and drifting snow. these strategically placed fences have been shown to be cost effective in reducing highway maintenance associated with blowing and drifting snow conditions. this is not a new concept. as early as 1905 railroad companies planted trees as barriers to control blowing snow along rights of way. by 1915, the great northern railway company had planted over a million trees. in north dakota over 96, 000 trees and shrubs were established. this action reduced snow drifting, line closure and helped maintain an expected level of service along the rail line. many highway road system designs do not take into account the potential of using living snow fences. it is possible that dot and / or consulting designers do not understand the long term cost benefits of these snow fences and are not taking a big picture look at the long term highway maintenance operations and costs, when planning for wintertime conditions. many dots use wooden slat fencing in areas with large open areas and fetches that are expensive to purchase, install and maintain. the maintenance of snow fences was estimated to be $ 3 per mile per year, compared to $ 185 per mile per year for a 4 foot slat fence ( usda, 1994 ). in minnesota, benefit / cost ratios range from 9 : 1 to 46 : 1 in favor of living snow fences ( university of minnesota, 2002 ). why is the implementation of living snow fences such a great sustainable transportation action for highway dots? the living snow fence concept really incorporates all the components associated with sustainable actions such as environmental condition improvements, consideration of financial resources and cooperation with the local landowners / community. the following summarizes the main advantages of living snow fencing and why dots should consider increasing their use along highway corridors : - the service life of living snow fences is 50 - 75 years in comparison to the 20 - 25 year life of a slat fence. - living mature trees can capture up to 12 times more snow than slat fences. - living snow fences can be installed to address tree mitigation from highway construction projects - trees and shrubs sequester carbon that can reduce a dots overall carbon footprint - wildlife habitat is enhanced - maintenance plowing activities and the potential of road closures are reduced - reduced soil erosion along the right of way - reduced amount of snow plowing thus minimizing fuel consumption and costs,


reduce a dots overall carbon footprint - wildlife habitat is enhanced - maintenance plowing activities and the potential of road closures are reduced - reduced soil erosion along the right of way - reduced amount of snow plowing thus minimizing fuel consumption and costs, and green house gas emissions - increased vegetation provides enhanced aesthetic features along the highway corridor - maintenance free when trees are established the challenges to living snow fences are that they require more space than the wooden slat fencing, plantings need to be protected from livestock and wildlife and it takes 5 - 7 years to provide effective snow control and up to 20 years for trees to reach full maturity. there may be site conditions such as shallow soils, arid climate and soil ph issues that may challenge plant establishment. the design and implementation of living snow fences requires acceptance and cooperation of stakeholders. generally for large open areas living snow fences need to be 150 - 200 feet away from the road surface which many times requires planting off the dot right of way. coordination with the following stakeholders may make the planning process more complex : 1 ) the local landowner, 2 ) county commissioners, 3 ) resource conservation districts, 4 ) state and federal forest services, 5 ) land management agencies and 6 ) local environmental organizations. cooperation among stakeholder is critical to the success of the living snow fencing in regards to the following : - site access - tree plantings - irrigation water - fencing from livestock or wildlife - weed maintenance - erosion control the minnesota department of transportation initiated a living snow fence partnership program with the us department of agriculture, minnesota association of soil and water conservation districts and the natural resource conservation service. the intent of the program is to efficiently manage blowing and drifting snow on minnesota roadways to reduce accidents and save lives. the living snow fence partnership program is very proactive in establishing work groups, raising public awareness, cost sharing among stakeholders and defining specific program roles and responsibilities for all stakeholders. living snow fences can be a win / win for both the dot and landowner by increasing the number of planted trees to sequester carbon, improving soil stability, improve aesthetics, and wildlife habitat improvements. there needs to be more emphasis on using living snow fences along highway systems. it makes economic and environmental management sense for many dots to implement living snow fence programs. dot ’ s environmental, maintenance and engineering professionals need to work together and review potential construction sites for implementing living snow fencing especially during the design - nepa phase of the project. it is possible to directly specify the use of living snow fences in the nepa document that must be incorporated into the final design.


over the years, archaeologist randall white of new york university and his colleagues have discovered various artistic items of southern france ’ s abri castanet, a shallow cave in the vexere valley, including ornamental snail shells and engraved limestones. but the researchers were unable to date the art due to a lack of organic matter. so when, in 2007, the team discovered a large block of limestone with paintings of what look like a female ’ s vulva that had fallen from the cave ceiling in an area with numerous animal bones, suggesting they dated to around the same time period, they sent the samples to the university of oxford for radiocarbon dating. the results came back dating the bones to somewhere between 36, 000 and 37, 000 years ago, making them as old, or older, than the paintings of lions and other animals in southern france ' s chauvet cave, which have been noted as the oldest known cave art since their discovery in 1994. the researchers, who published their findings yesterday ( may 14 ) in the proceedings of the national academy of sciences, suggest that this date likely also applies to the other vulva - like art previously found in the cave. “ the fact that the most recognizable image on the newly discovered surface falls broadly within the range of ovoid forms traditionally interpreted as vulva leads us to suppose that the above dates apply to other such images from castanet, many of which were located within a few meters of the engraving described here, ” they wrote. the images also differ greatly from the drawings at chauvet, such as the fact that they are displayed in the areas of the cave used for sleeping and eating, as opposed to deeper areas beyond the prehistoric humans ’ living space, suggesting regional differences in artistic traditions. “ the vulvar tradition in the vezere valley seems to constitute a distinct regional variant within a mosaic of graphic and plastic expression across europe in the early aurignacian, ” the authors wrote.


features of constitution1 | is there a constitution? | | yes | | does the constitution provide for freedom of religion? | | yes | | last amended | | not amended | | source | | kosovo constitution ( constitutional commission ) | | translation | | source is an english translation | | current as of | | may 11, 2011 | constitution excerpts ( clauses that reference religion ) 2 article 8 : secular state the republic of kosovo is a secular state and is neutral in matters of religious beliefs. article 9 : cultural and religious heritage the republic of kosovo ensures the preservation and protection of its cultural and religious heritage. article 24 : equality before the law 1. all are equal before the law. everyone enjoys the right to equal legal protection without discrimination. 2. no one shall be discriminated against on grounds of race, color, gender, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, relation to any community, property, economic and social condition, sexual orientation, birth, disability or other personal status. 3. principles of equal legal protection shall not prevent the imposition of measures necessary to protect and advance the rights of individuals and groups who are in unequal positions. such measures shall be applied only until the purposes for which they are imposed have been fulfilled. article 38 : freedom of belief, conscience and religion 1. freedom of belief, conscience and religion is guaranteed. 2. freedom of belief, conscience and religion includes the right to accept and manifest religion, the right to express personal beliefs and the right to accept or refuse membership in a religious community or group. 3. no one shall be required to practice or be prevented from practicing religion nor shall anyone be required to make his / her opinions and beliefs public. 4. freedom of manifesting religion, beliefs and conscience may be limited by law if it is necessary to protect public safety and order or the health or rights of other persons. article 39 : religious denominations1. the republic of kosovo ensures and protects religious autonomy and religious monuments within its territory. 2. religious denominations are free to independently regulate their internal organization, religious activities and religious ceremonies. 3. religious denominations have the right to establish religious schools and charity institutions in accordance with this constitution and the law. article 40 : freedom of expression 1. freedom of expression is guaranteed. freedom of expression includes the right to express oneself, to disseminate and receive information, opinions and other messages without impediment. 2. the freedom of expression can be limited by law in cases when it is necessary to prevent encouragement or provocation


of expression includes the right to express oneself, to disseminate and receive information, opinions and other messages without impediment. 2. the freedom of expression can be limited by law in cases when it is necessary to prevent encouragement or provocation of violence and hostility on grounds of race, nationality, ethnicity or religion. article 42 : freedom of media 1. freedom and pluralism of media is guaranteed. 2. censorship is forbidden. no one shall prevent the dissemination of information or ideas through media, except if it is necessary to prevent encouragement or provocation of violence and hostility on grounds of race, nationality, ethnicity or religion. 3. everyone has the right to correct untrue, incomplete and inaccurate published information, if it violates her / his rights and interests in accordance with the law. article 44 : freedom of association 1. the freedom of association is guaranteed. the freedom of association includes the right of everyone to establish an organization without obtaining any permission, to be or not to be a member of any organization and to participate in the activities of an organization. 2. the freedom to establish trade unions and to organize with the intent to protect interests is guaranteed. this right may be limited by law for specific categories of employees. 3. organizations or activities that infringe on the constitutional order, violate human rights and freedoms or encourage racial, national, ethnic or religious hatred may be prohibited by a decision of a competent court. article 57 : general principles 1. inhabitants belonging to the same national or ethnic, linguistic, or religious group traditionally present on the territory of the republic of kosovo ( communities ) shall have specific rights as set forth in this constitution in addition to the human rights and fundamental freedoms provided in chapter ii of this constitution. article 58 : responsibilities of the state … 3. the republic of kosovo shall take all necessary measures to protect persons who may be subject to threats or acts of discrimination, hostility or violence as a result of their national, ethnic, cultural, linguistic or religious identity. … 5. the republic of kosovo shall promote the preservation of the cultural and religious heritage of all communities as an integral part of the heritage of kosovo. the republic of kosovo shall have a special duty to ensure an effective protection of the entirety of sites and monuments of cultural and religious significance to the communities. article 59 : rights of communities and their members members of communities shall have the right, individually or in community, to : ( 1 ) express, maintain and develop their culture and preserve the essential elements of their identity, namely their religion, language, traditions and


59 : rights of communities and their members members of communities shall have the right, individually or in community, to : ( 1 ) express, maintain and develop their culture and preserve the essential elements of their identity, namely their religion, language, traditions and culture ; … ( 12 ) enjoy unhindered contacts among themselves within the republic of kosovo and establish and maintain free and peaceful contacts with persons in any state, in particular those with whom they share an ethnic, cultural, linguistic or religious identity, or a common cultural heritage, in accordance with the law and international standards ; article 81 : legislation of vital interest 1. the following laws shall require for their adoption, amendment or repeal both the majority of the assembly deputies present and voting and the majority of the assembly deputies present and voting holding seats reserved or guaranteed for representatives of communities that are not in the majority : … ( 6 ) laws on religious freedom or on agreements with religious communities ; 1. data under the " features of constitution " heading are drawn from coding of the u. s. state department ' s 2008 international religious freedom reports conducted by researchers at the association of religion data archives. the article by brian grim and roger finke describes the coding of the international religious freedom reports. a dataset with these and the other international measures highlighted on the country pages can be downloaded from this website. used with permission. 2. the constitutional excerpts shown above are reproduced from the websites given in the " source " field ; the links to these websites were active as of may 2011. where the constitutional text shown on these websites was provided in a language other than english, this text was translated to english by arda staff with assistance from web - based translation utilities such as google translate and yahoo! babel fish. constitutional text was converted to american english where applicable. constitutional clauses were judged to contain religious content based largely on the standards used in the construction of the religion and state constitutions dataset collected by jonathan fox. emphases were added to the text by arda staff to highlight religious content in articles that also contain content that does not pertain to matters of religion. the data on this page were correct to the best of the knowledge of the arda as of the date listed in the " current as of " field shown above. please contact us at firstname. lastname @ example. org if you are aware of any incorrect information provided on this page.


douglas cardinal describes his creative process as inspired by nature. from youtube. accepted by the school of architecture at the university of british columbia in 1952, he studied there for 3 years. but it was the university of texas school of architecture at austin that provided the intellectually open, yet rigorous, training he needed to develop the complex, undulating architecture for which he is now internationally acclaimed. he graduated with honours in 1963. like many of the renowned western canadian architects developing during the 1950s, douglas cardinal sought to interpret the teachings of european modernism by investigating a regional modification of the international style. he was particularly drawn to the modernity of architects such as hans poelzig and erich mendelsohn, and his mature work harmonizes an attraction to italian and spanish baroque buildings with the expressionist arm of european modern architecture that reached its ascendancy in germany just after the first world war. cardinal was to synthesize his direct experience of architecture in western canada ( prairie expressionism in particular ) and the neo - baroque of mexican church architecture, which he would encounter during his travels in the late 1950s, with his formal training in architecture and the history of architecture. this knowledge was conflated with his experience of the terrain of western canada, in particular the plains and the badlands of alberta, in the development of the curvilinear massing that is a signatory feature of his buildings. in cardinal ' s architecture, principles of seamless unity, sustainability, community, green buildings and ecological design are interwoven with his strong sense for nature. the resulting designs are typified in award - winning projects such as st mary ' s church in red deer, alta ( 1965 - 68 ). his desire to integrate his architecture with these principles brought on experimentation with computer - aided drafting and design systems ( cadd ). it was during the construction of st mary ' s that the cardinal firm began using cadd. by 1981 he was identified as a world pioneer and leader of cadd, and his firm was selected by the federal government as a demonstration site to test and advance canadian cadd technology. douglas cardinal ' s principal public buildings include grande prairie regional college in grande prairie, alta ( 1972 - 76 ), the alberta government services building at ponoka ( 1977 ) and the st albert civic and cultural centre at st albert, alta ( 1983 ), as well as numerous schools, all of which continued the curving wall exterior adapted to ever - increasing complex functional programs. throughout the 1990s cardinal undertook a leadership role by providing architectural definition


st albert civic and cultural centre at st albert, alta ( 1983 ), as well as numerous schools, all of which continued the curving wall exterior adapted to ever - increasing complex functional programs. throughout the 1990s cardinal undertook a leadership role by providing architectural definition to the aims and aspirations of amerindian communities. these projects included, among others, the saskatchewan federated indian college master plan and concept design for expansion, regina, sask ( 1990 ) ; the institute of american indian arts master plan, sante fe, new mexico ( 1993 ) ; kainai multi - purpose cultural resource centre, blood indian reserve, alberta ( 1996 ) ; and a master plan and design of principal public buildings for the cree village of ouje - bougoumou in northern quebec ( 1990 ), which earned a united nation ' s award of excellence for its environmentally sensitive concepts and was celebrated at expo2000 in hanover, germany. cardinal ' s first project outside alberta and the northwest territories brought prairie expressionism to central canada through the design for the canadian museum of civilization ( cmc ) in hull, quebec, inaugurated in 1989. acknowledged internationally as a technologically complex building that reframed museum architecture, the cmc is a culturally significant building that was designed to accommodate a shifting perspective on amerindian history and national culture at the end of the 20th century. in 1993 cardinal was awarded the commission for the national museum of the american indian on the smithsonian institution mall in washington, dc, which resulted in an outstanding design, finished after cardinal ' s exclusion from the project and surrounded by controversy. renovation of the grotski residence by douglas cardinal contributed to its designation as a municipal historic site. the designation recognizes cardinal ' s " organic design aesthetic, " one theme among urban post - war development in edmonton. other accomplishments include the design of the cree cultural institute ( 2011 ) in quebec and the meno - ya - win health centre ( 2010 ) in northern ontario. his works include several masterplans, a student centre at the university of saskatchewan, a stadium in regina and prefabricated / modular housing. cardinal has also designed a gallery to house the permanent collection of the great canadian artist alex janvier in cold lake, alta. these projects show how cardinal ' s material palette has become much more varied, revealing his willingness to continually explore. in 1990 douglas cardinal was awarded the order of canada, in 1992 the canada council molson prize for the arts and in 1995 the national aboriginal achievement award. in 1999 he was awarded the gold medal of the royal architectural institute


his willingness to continually explore. in 1990 douglas cardinal was awarded the order of canada, in 1992 the canada council molson prize for the arts and in 1995 the national aboriginal achievement award. in 1999 he was awarded the gold medal of the royal architectural institute of canada, the highest architectural honour bestowed upon an individual in canada. he was awarded the governor general ' s award for visual and media arts in 2001 and in 2002 he received the golden jubilee medal in honour of her majesty the queen ' s 50th anniversary. by the year 2011 he had been granted 12 honorary doctorates in recognition of his significant contribution to excellence in architecture, by every major canadian university. douglas cardinal ' s office is located in ottawa. the douglas cardinal collection of drawings and models is archived at carleton university, beginning with his work in 1984. other material is in the university of calgary archives. author joan acland revised : branka baic trevor boddy, the architecture of douglas cardinal ( 1989 ) ; university of calgary, the douglas cardinal architectural drawings : an inventory of the collection at the canadian architectural archives, university of calgary library ( 1997 ). links to other sites canadian aboriginal writing and arts challenge the website for the canadian aboriginal writing and arts challenge, which features canada ' s largest essay writing competition for aboriginal youth ( ages 14 - 29 ) and a companion program for those who prefer to work through painting, drawing and photography. see their guidelines, teacher resources, profiles of winners, and more. from the historica - dominion institute. written in stone this multimedia tour of the canadian museum of civilization features extensive commentary about the design, development, and construction of this landmark building in gatineau, quebec. a great resource for students interested in architecture. take a virtual tour of the new ouje - bougoumou community facilities. features stunning architectural designs by renowned canadian architect douglas j. cardinal. douglas j. cardinal architect ltd view illustrations of architectural projects designed by douglas j. cardinal architect ltd. renowned for “ living organic ” building designs, such as the acclaimed canadian museum of civilization.


deer and carenlarge photo while autumn brings the glorious color display of leaves along the highway, it ’ s also the start of fall breeding season for deer. that means motorists need to exercise extra caution during the months of october through december to watch out for deer on the highway and reduce the risk of a deer - vehicle crash. besides damage to the vehicle, any collision with a deer can result in injuries or deaths, particularly if the vehicle strikes another vehicle, leaves the roadway or rolls over. how to avoid a close encounter with a white - tail deer there are some common sense tips to follow that can help you avoid hitting a deer with your car. - slow down after sundown and before sunrise. dawn and dusk are the times to slow down in deer - populated areas. you may be on the way to or from work and otherwise preoccupied, but this is not the time to become lax at the wheel. stay alert. - be extra cautious on two - lane roads. if you ’ re traveling along two - lane roads or in an area with deer signs posted, be extra vigilant as deer are likely to appear out of nowhere and be directly in your path at any time. in areas with a heavy deer population, keep alert not only during the fall rut season but year - round as well. - be on the look - out for stragglers after one deer has crossed the road. just because you ’ ve seen a deer ahead of you cross the road, this doesn ’ t mean you should let your guard down and resume higher speed. deer frequently travel in groups and in single file. sometimes, after one deer has crossed, other deer use that as a signal to also cross, and they do so blindly, just following the deer ahead. deer waiting on the sides to cross may be startled by an approaching vehicle, darting out from any direction without warning. - if you see deer on the side of the road, slow down. fall is the time when bucks may begin chasing does. other times, they may pursue with their heads to the ground nosing a scent trail. and deer will travel up to 40 miles or more during the fall season, up considerably from their normal four to five miles on average. that means drivers need to be always looking out for deer during the october through december timeframe. how to minimize injury in a deer - vehicle crash you can ’ t avoid deer - vehicle collisions in all situations. but there are some things that conservation officers, law enforcement and safety experts advise you can do to


during the october through december timeframe. how to minimize injury in a deer - vehicle crash you can ’ t avoid deer - vehicle collisions in all situations. but there are some things that conservation officers, law enforcement and safety experts advise you can do to help minimize injuries to you and your passengers. - always wear your seat belts. the single - most important safety precaution you can take is to make sure that you and all your vehicle ’ s passengers wear their seat belts. make sure child safety seats are properly secured and children firmly restrained with safety belts. - don ’ t swerve. since most injuries and deaths occur when motorists swerve to avoid hitting a deer on the road, it ’ s important to stay in your lane and maintain control of the car. if you swerve to avoid a deer, this could send your vehicle skidding into another vehicle or cause it to roll over or leave the roadway. when a driver fails to recognize and react to a skid, they are more likely to lose control of their vehicle. - brake firmly and hold onto the steering wheel with both hands. regardless of how you feel about hitting an animal, in this case, a large deer, it is in your best interest to maintain control of your vehicle before, during and after a crash.


mao tse - tung 1893 - 1976 mao tse - tung has departed from the world. for one quarter of a century he helped organize and later led a successful revolutionary struggle, and in the next quarter century he eliminated starvation and brough socialism to the globe ' s largest nation state. he violently opposed forces that advocated a pragmatic rather than revolutionary approach to modernization, yet today, industrial production is 20 times what it was at the end of the revolution in october 1949, when mao announced in peking, " our nation will never again be an insulted nation. we have stood up. " " a revolution is not a dinner party, or writing an essay, or painting a picture, " mao said in his early days of organizing. for 20 years, his army marched across the length and breadth of china, educating and organizing the peasants who were the movement ' s core. in one year his army marched and fought across 7000 miles of rugged, kuomintang dominated terrain, losing 90, 000 of its 100, 000 troops. the kuomintang also killed mao ' s sister and first wife. only after the second world war were the communists able to devastate the u. s. - backed forces of general chiang kai - shek, until eventually and finally china ' s major cities " fell like ripened fruit. " mao ' s achievements in the face of enormous opposition are miraculous, but they were never enough to satisfy the communist party chairman or occasion complacency. even at age 72 he inaugurated a second revolution in china, aimed at " revisionists, " whom mao felt were not true to the goals of socialist revolution. as the personal symbol of china ' s potential for renewed vigor, mao swam against the currents of the yangtze river. when china ' s agricultural production dropped, he went without meat. mao did not expect any chinese citizen to make a sacrifice that he himself could not endure - - he was a leader in the purest sense of the word. and mao proved that leadership is not of necessity the domination by a small elite over the many. day to day decisions in china are now made primarily by councils of workers and peasants. university students and government cadres are sent to the country to perform manual labor and learn from the rural workers. while fighting the kuomintang in the late 1930s mao said that the communist party ' s leaders must be the pupils of the masses as often as their teachers. power did not corrupt the chairman ' s visions. continuous revolution, self - sacrifice, and


have you ever sipped a shrub? not a bush, but a fruit syrup, preserved with vinegar and mixed with water or alcohol to make a tangy, refreshing beverage. an old - fashioned favorite, shrubs have steadily made a comeback, especially on cocktail menus, but they aren ' t solely the province of mixologists. making a shrub syrup at home is a fun way to preserve and play with seasonal fruit, and this template may be followed for practically any fruit you have on hand. in addition to drinks, you can use the brightly flavored syrup in salad dressings, as a glaze for meats, or add a splash to homemade jam. the word " shrub " is derived from the arabic sharbah, which means " a drink. " " sherbet " and " syrup " also come from this arabic root. although drinking vinegars aren ' t so common today, they have a long history stretching back to the babylonians, who added date vinegar to water to make it safe to drink, and the romans, who mixed vinegar and water to make a beverage called posca. colonial - era sailors carried shrubs, rich with vitamin c, aboard their boats to prevent scurvy. shrubs also gained popularity during the temperance movement and many 19th and early 20th century housekeeping manuals contain recipes for them. although there are several different methods for making shrubs, the most common process involves creating a fruit - flavored vinegar and sweetening it with sugar. the acetic acid in vinegar acts as a preserving agent, so shrubs were – and still are – a delicious way to enjoy seasonal fruit juices year - round. i love experimenting with different combinations of fruit and vinegar to make these flavorful syrups. because vinegar is high in acid, it does not support the growth of the bacteria that produces botulism. however, some vinegars may support the growth of other harmful bacteria, so cleanliness and proper storage is important. there are faster, easier shrub instructions out there, but i believe this one to be more reliable in terms of rich flavor and long - term keeping. what you need basic formula : use 2 cups fruit per 1 pint vinegar. sweeten with 1 1 / 2 to 2 cups sugar ( level of sweetness is up to personal preference ). fruit : berries are perhaps the finest fruit for shrubs, but cherries, peaches, plums, pears, and other fruits may be used. they should be ripe and sweet, yet they do not need to be perfect ; this is a great opportunity


berries are perhaps the finest fruit for shrubs, but cherries, peaches, plums, pears, and other fruits may be used. they should be ripe and sweet, yet they do not need to be perfect ; this is a great opportunity to use farmers ' market " seconds " and any fruit that is abundantly in season. fruit should be thoroughly washed and may be peeled, chopped, or lightly crushed to shorten the infusing process. ginger, citrus peel, or even peppercorns may also be added for flavor. vinegar : any vinegar may be used, as long as it is labeled at least 5 % acidity. distilled white vinegar has a clear, sharp flavor ; apple cider vinegar tends to be milder with a fruity flavor ; and wine vinegars, while more expensive, often provide a superior smooth flavor. balsamic vinegar is delicious with cherries and strawberries. sugar : white granulated sugar provides a neutral sweetness ; brown and raw sugars may also be used. clean hands and tools are a must! glass container with a lid or cap ( a quart mason jar works well ) measuring cups ( liquid and dry ) funnels ( useful, but not required ) clean kitchen cloth or paper towel fine cheesecloth or coffee filter 1. sterilize the container : wash the container in hot, soapy water and rinse thoroughly. submerge in a pot of warm water to cover by 1 to 2 inches, bring to a boil, and boil for 10 minutes. for the lid or cap, wash it in hot, soapy water, rinse well, and scald in boiling water. 2. add the fruit : carefully remove the container from the pot using canning jar lifters or tongs. place the fruit in the container. 3. add the vinegar : place the vinegar in a saucepan and heat to just below the boiling point, or at least 190°f. pour the vinegar over the fruit, leaving at least 1 / 4 - inch headspace. wipe the rim with a clean, damp cloth, and cap tightly. 4. let it stand : let the container cool undisturbed and then store it in a cool, dark place such as a cupboard or the refrigerator. let it stand at least 24 hours and up to 4 weeks until the desired flavor is reached. 5. strain it : strain it through a damp cheesecloth or coffee filter one or more times until the vinegar shows no cloudiness. discard the fruit or save it for another purpose


hours and up to 4 weeks until the desired flavor is reached. 5. strain it : strain it through a damp cheesecloth or coffee filter one or more times until the vinegar shows no cloudiness. discard the fruit or save it for another purpose ( it ' s often delicious for use in chutneys ). 6. add the sugar : place the vinegar and sugar in a saucepan. bring to a boil, stirring to dissolve sugar. remove from heat and let cool. pour into a clean, sterilized container ( use the original mason jar or other bottles ; see step 1 for sterilization procedure ) and cap tightly. 7. store : store the shrub syrup in the refrigerator. tightly sealed, it may last for up to 6 months. taste before using to make sure the flavor is still good. discard immediately if it has mold or any signs of fermentation such as bubbling, cloudiness, or sliminess. 8. serve : to serve, mix 1 tablespoon shrub syrup into a glass of still or sparkling water. taste and add more syrup, if desired. shrub syrups may also be used as cocktail mixers, in salad dressings, and more. • process developed by emily ho based on historical recipes and the " flavored vinegars " chapter of so easy to preserve ( cooperative extension, the university of georgia, 2006 ). want more smart tutorials for getting things done around the home? see more how to posts we ' re looking for great examples of your own household intelligence too! submit your own tutorials or ideas here! ( images : emily ho )


the lancet, volume 359, issue 9310, page 908, 16 march 2002 doi : 10. 1016 / s0140 - 6736 ( 02 ) 08016 - 9cite or link using doi hot, cold, and now bubble fusion for almost 50 years now, physicists have been trying to mimic energy - producing mechanisms that the sun uses. it is very difficult to persuade two people who naturally repel each other to come together - and so it is with nuclear fusion. the hydrogen bomb, a fusion device, needs an atom bomb to get it started. huge and very expensive experiments with “ hot ” fusion are still in progress, but a commercially viable machine seems as far away as ever. then, in 1989, came “ cold ” fusion. perhaps deuterium a... this article is made available free of charge, as a service to our users. please login to access the full article, or register if you do not yet have a username and password. already registered? please login new to thelancet. com? thelancet. com is the online home of : - the lancet - the lancet diabetes & endocrinology - the lancet infectious diseases - the lancet neurology - the lancet oncology - the lancet respiratory medicine please register to access selected articles for free, personalize and interact with this site. registration is free, takes no more than two minutes, and offers you many benefits.


indonesia quake a record, risks for aceh grow singapore, april 13 — the powerful undersea earthquake off the indonesian island of sumatra this week was a once in 2, 000 years event, and although it resulted in only a few deaths, it increases the risks of a killer quake in the region, a leading seismologist said. wednesday ’ s 8. 6 magnitude quake and a powerful aftershock were " strike - slip " quakes and the largest of that type recorded, kerry sieh, director of the earth observatory of singapore, told reuters. “ it ’ s a really an exceptionally large and rare event, ” he said. “ besides it being the biggest strike - slip earthquake ever recorded, the aftershock is the second biggest as far as we can tell, ” said sieh, who has studied the seismically active, and deadly, fault zones around sumatra for years. strike - slip quakes involve the horizontal movement of colliding earth plates, and are typically less powerful than those where there is vertical movement. they are also less likely to trigger big tsunamis, or tidal waves. a magnitude 9. 1 quake in roughly the same region on boxing day in 2004 decimated aceh province on sumatra and killed over 230, 000 people in 13 countries around the indian ocean. sumatra, the westernmost island in the sprawling indonesian archipelago, has a history of powerful quakes and tsunamis, most triggered by an offshore zone along its entire length, where the indian - australian tectonic plate is forced under the eurasian plate. this creates a deep ocean trench as one plate slides under the other at a rate of several centimetres a year. in this zone, called the sunda megathrust, stress builds up when the subducting indian - australian plate bends the eurasian plate like a spring board as it moves down into the earth ' s crust. eventually enough stress builds up that the edge of eurasian plate suddenly jolts upward, triggering an earthquake. the sudden uplift of the seafloor and huge pulse of seawater triggers a tsunami. over the centuries, repeated magnitude 8 and 9 quakes have struck along portions of the megathrust zone off the coast of sumatra, flattening towns and killing thousands of people. more quakes brewing wednesday ’ s event was different, sieh said, because it occurred further west from the megathrust zone in a fault that runs north - south. this strike - slip fault involved a sudden horizontal movement of the indian and australian plates along hundreds of kilometres,


event was different, sieh said, because it occurred further west from the megathrust zone in a fault that runs north - south. this strike - slip fault involved a sudden horizontal movement of the indian and australian plates along hundreds of kilometres, preliminary data suggest. sieh said the indian plate and australian plate are moving relative to each other horizontally at about 1cm a year. “ if all of that... is taken up on this one fault and if you make some crude calculations about how much slip occurred during this earthquake, say 20m. it means that this earthquake shouldn ' t happen more than once every 2, 000 years. ” wednesday ’ s quake caused few casualties and triggered very small waves, despite its magnitude. but the main problem is that it likely to have increased stress on the plate boundaries near aceh, increasing the risks of another major earthquake in the same area as the 2004 disaster. in addition, research by sieh and colleagues published in 2010 showed that the 2004 aceh quake only relieved about half the stress that has built up over the centuries along a 400 km portion of the megathrust faultline. that makes another major quake in the area a matter of time. adding to concerns, further south along another 700km portion of the megathrust fault under the mentawai islands, sieh and colleagues in a separate 2008 research said so much stress was building up on this section that one or more major quakes were likely within years. the mentawai islands, a popular surfing destination, are a chain of about 70 islands off the western coast of sumatra. they face the city of padang on sumatra, home to about one million people and likely to be in the path of any tsunami that is triggered. “ i am very confident that we are very likely to have within the next few decades to have this great mentawai earthquake that will have a magnitude at least as big as yesterday ’ s, ” said sieh. and when it does, history shows there will be more than one quake within a few years. he said a magnitude 8. 4 quake in 2007 that struck this part of the megathrust relieved only a small portion of the pent - up pressure. the last time it ruptured was a magnitude 9 quake in 1833 and an 8. 4 quake in 1797. “ we ' ve had so many big earthquakes around in sumatra in the past few years that it seems like an awful lot of the faults around there seem ready to go. ” — reuters


posted by rafiq a. tschannen margari hill, stanford university while the presence of islam in west africa dates back to eighth century, the spread of the faith in regions that are now the modern states of senegal, gambia, guinea, burkina faso, niger, mali and nigeria, was in actuality, a gradual and complex process. much of what we know about the early history of west africa comes from medieval accounts written by arab and north african geographers and historians. specialists have used several models to explain why africans converted to islam. some emphasize economic motivations, others highlight the draw of islam ’ s spiritual message, and a number stress the prestige and influence of arabic literacy in facilitating state building. while the motivations of early conversions remain unclear, it is apparent that the early presence of islam in west africa was linked to trade and commerce with north africa. trade between west africa and the mediterranean predated islam, however, north african muslims intensified the trans - saharan trade. north african traders were major actors in introducing islam into west africa. several major trade routes connected africa below the sahara with the mediterranean middle east, such as sijilmasa to awdaghust and ghadames to gao. the sahel, the ecological transition zone between the sahara desert and forest zone, which spans the african continent, was an intense point of contact between north africa and communities south of the sahara. in west africa, the three great medieval empires of ghana, mali, and the songhay developed in sahel. the history of islam in west africa can be explained in three stages, containment, mixing, and reform. in the first stage, african kings contained muslim influence by segregating muslim communities, in the second stage african rulers blended islam with local traditions as the population selectively appropriated islamic practices, and finally in the third stage, african muslims pressed for reforms in an effort to rid their societies of mixed practices and implement shariah. this three - phase framework helps sheds light on the historical development of the medieval empires of ghana, mali, and songhay and the 19th century jihads that led to the establishment of the sokoto caliphate in hausaland and the umarian state in senegambia. containment : ghana and the takrur the early presence of islam was limited to segregated muslim communities linked to the trans - saharan trade. in the 11th century andalusian geographer, al - bakri, reported accounts of arab and north african berber settlements in the region. several factors led to the growth


was limited to segregated muslim communities linked to the trans - saharan trade. in the 11th century andalusian geographer, al - bakri, reported accounts of arab and north african berber settlements in the region. several factors led to the growth of the muslim merchant - scholar class in non - muslim kingdoms. islam facilitated long distance trade by offering useful sets of tools for merchants including contract law, credit, and information networks. muslim merchant - scholars also played an important role in non - muslim kingdoms as advisors and scribes in ghana. they had the crucial skill of written script, which helped in the administration of kingdoms. many muslim were also religious specialists whose amulets were prized by non - muslims. merchant - scholars also played a large role in the spread of islam into the forest zones. these included the jakhanke merchant - scholars in [ name region ], the jula merchants in mali and the ivory coast, and the hausa merchants during the nineteenth century in nigeria, ghana, and guinea basau, ]. muslim communities in the forest zones were minority communities often linked to trading diasporas. many of the traditions in the forest zones still reflect the tradition of al - hajj salim suwari, a late fifteenth - century soninke scholar, who focused on responsibilities of muslims in a non - muslim society. his tradition, known as the suwarian tradition, discouraged proselytizing, believing that god would bring people around to islam in his own ways. this tradition worked for centuries in the forest zone including the present day, where there are vibrant muslim minority communities. read more here : http : / / spice. stanford. edu / docs / the _ spread _ of _ islam _ in _ west _ africa _ containment _ mixing _ and _ reform _ from _ the _ eighth _ to _ the _ twentieth _ century /


the antimatter costs 62. 5 trillion per gram. in the future it is theoretically possible to use antimatter as fuel for spaceships to other planets. the problem is that its production requires extremely expensive technology, and to create just 1 gram, the world would have to work a whole year ( global gdp is 65 trillion dollars ). in physics the ' anti - matter is a conglomeration of antiparticles corresponding to the particles that constitute the ordinary matter... californium costs $ 27 million per gram. why is it needed? an element of californium is so expensive to produce, the isotopes of californium do not have any practical application. in the west it was created only once since its opening in 1950. the californium is a ' chemical element with the symbol cf and the atomic number 98. it is a transuranic element, synthetic, radioactive : californium has very few practical uses and was discovered by bombarding c... the price of diamonds is of 55 000 dollars per gram. the colorless stone can cost more than 11 thousand dollars per carat, but colored diamonds are worth more. why do we need diamonds? the natural diamonds are most often used in the jewelry industry. also, the extreme hardness of diamonds finds its application in ind... materials substances the most expensive substances in the world gold which are the most expensive substances in the world saffron platinum rhodium methamphetamine rhino horn heroin cocaine lsd plutonium taffeit precious metals the most expensive metals gems stone gems precious stones diamonds taaffeite jewels jewelry


the magnitude system works quite well for quantifying the brightness of stars. we know that a 6th magnitude star will be barely visible to the unaided eye from rural areas, yet easily seen in even the smallest of telescopes. the magnitude system doesn ’ t work as well for deep - sky objects. consider the spiral galaxy m33 in triangulum. listed as a 6th magnitude object, it ’ s notoriously difficult to view in telescopes. m33 is elusive because its light is spread over an area four times that of the full moon. defocus a 6th magnitude star until it ’ s that large and you ’ ll get the idea. another reason why m33 is such a demanding target is its location in a star - poor region of the late autumn sky. i usually find it by training my telescope on an area roughly 4 ½ degrees west and slightly north of alpha ( a ) trianguli. you can also trace an imaginary line from the andromeda galaxy ( m31 ) to the star beta ( b ) andromedae, then extend an equal distance beyond ( refer to the accompanying finder chart ). in either case, begin a low power sweep of the area until you encounter a large, faint glow. the key to observing m33 is to use an eyepiece that affords a field of view of at least 1½ to 2 degrees. one of the best views i ’ ve had of m33 was with a 4 - inch f / 4 rft ( the edmund astroscan ) and a magnifying power of 16x. i ’ ve spotted it with 7x50 binoculars, and some observers even report seeing it with the unaided eye. the key, of course, is to conduct a search for m33 from a dark - sky site on a clear, moonless evening. numerous sources credit the discovery of m33 to messier himself ( in 1764 ) ; however evidence exists that the true discoverer may have been the italian astronomer giovanni battista hodiema over a century earlier. m33 is part of the local group of galaxies that includes our milky way and the andromeda galaxy. it ’ s approximately half the size of the milky way and lies about 2. 9 million light - years away.


the camera never lies, so we ’ ve been altering photographs to suit our needs since the invention of photography itself. is it a painting or a photograph? it is a harbor. ships sit on the beach at low tide. the clouds are puffy and white in the sky. a city can be seen in the background. lovely cliffs rise up behind. edouard baldus, a frenchman, created the image in 1855. it is a photograph, but the clouds have painted on to the print. the image comes to us from the metropolitan museum of art in the way of an exhibit titled " faking it : manipulated photography before photoshop, " on view through january 27th, 2013. the exhibit contains photographs that have been doctored and manipulated from the 1840s all the way up through the 1990s. the inspiration for the show is explained to us thusly : over the past two decades, digital technology has made us all more keenly aware of the malleability of the photographic image, and many lament a loss of faith in the testimony of the camera. what we have gained, however, is a fresh perspective on the history of the medium and its complex relationship to visual truth. through today ' s eyes, we can see that the old adage " the camera never lies " has always been photography ' s supreme fiction. people like to believe this about photography. they like to believe that photographs are a direct testimonial of visual truth, that the camera never lies. when it can be shown, however, that photographs are always lying, that they are always a manipulation of visual truth, it is supposed to be a great revelation. the revelation of fakery in photography thus gives us a " fresh perspective " and reveals to us that there is no reason to " lament a loss of faith in the testimony of the camera " since there was no reason to have any faith in the testimony of the camera in the first place. - " faking it : manipulated photography before photoshop. " through january 27, 2013. the metropolitan museum of art, new york city. let us be clear about another thing : there were no snapshots in early photography. the technology didn ’ t allow for it. there was no immediacy, no illusion about capturing a quick reflection of the world as it really looks. early photography was a laborious process. getting an exposure took a very long time. taking a picture was a tremendously staged process, especially if the photograph was of a person. early portraits are a testimonial to


as it really looks. early photography was a laborious process. getting an exposure took a very long time. taking a picture was a tremendously staged process, especially if the photograph was of a person. early portraits are a testimonial to patience. the sitter had to sit still, presenting him or herself to the camera while the image developed. it was not unlike sitting down to have your portrait painted. photography was simply a way to take a portrait, or capture a landscape, with fewer intermediary steps than were needed in a painting. in this sense, you could say that all photography was born in the attempt to cut out the middleman. the middleman was the painter. a little history is in order here. during the renaissance, as painters were developing techniques to render three - dimensional scenes into the two - dimensional space of paint and canvas, they rediscovered the camera obscura ( known about since ancient times ). a camera obscura is little more than a box with a hole in it. positioned properly, the light from outside comes through the hole and projects an image of whatever is in front of the box. the image shining through the hole can be projected onto a piece of paper or some other surface. painters would sometimes use a camera obscura to figure out how to paint tricky scenes where the lines of perspective were particularly complicated. they would, literally, trace out the image projected from the camera obscura and then paint in the rest of the details. the camera obscura was a tool for mastering two - dimensional space. leonardo de vinci wrote down explanations for how to build and use a camera obscura in the late 15th century. he seems to have understood the usefulness of the camera obscura for projecting an image that could be used as the basis for painting. it is clear that many of the renaissance masters who came after da vinci were aware of the usefulness of the camera obscura as well. in 2001 the contemporary artist david hockney published a book ( secret knowledge : rediscovering the lost techniques of the old masters ) in which he claims that almost all of the great masters of painting after the 15th century used tricks like the camera obscura in order to paint. according to hockney, painters from vermeer to ingres were essentially great at tracing. he admits that the special artistry of these paintings made the final result greater than the sum of its parts. but he thinks that much of their amazing skill at rendering three - dimensional space into


vermeer to ingres were essentially great at tracing. he admits that the special artistry of these paintings made the final result greater than the sum of its parts. but he thinks that much of their amazing skill at rendering three - dimensional space into two - dimensions was done by projecting images and then tracing them. hockney ' s thesis has created no small amount of controversy. whether or not hockney is correct in the extent of his claims doesn ’ t matter very much. painters, certainly from the early renaissance onward, were obsessed with problems of perspective and they were using any means at their disposal — camera obscuras, mirrors, drawing machines, and the like — in order to solve these problems. technological innovations in the early 19th century allowed for the next step. the daguerreotype, for instance, was a technique by which the image projected by a camera obscura could be captured and preserved — thus, the elimination of the middleman. in the past, the image from a camera obscura still had to be painted. a human being had to take that image and make it permanent, capturing it on canvas and filling it out by means of pigment. with the daguerreotype, the image could be taken and presented as such. voila, photography was born. the work that went into " doctoring " early photographs was the same work that had been going on in order to transform the images of the camera obscura into paintings. you could almost say that all paintings, from the mid 15th century until the mid 19th century, were essentially painted photographs. by the late renaissance, painters had transformed themselves into machines for the accurate rendering of perspective and field of vision onto the flat surface of the canvas. the innovation of early photography was to shift the job that the painter was doing out of the hands of a human being and into the hands of a chemical process. the “ paintings ” were now making themselves, by exposing copper plates covered with silver to the light of day. while this process created miraculous images, the images could also be disappointing. the painters of the early 19th century were, after all, tremendously skilled. the images that they could create — of people, landscapes, and historical scenes — were immensely satisfying as visual documentation. they looked real. in many ways, they looked realer than reality. the paintings of the great masters have that intangible dual quality of realism and luminous idealism. it is realism taken to a second order. and these were the visual expectations that early photography had to match


ways, they looked realer than reality. the paintings of the great masters have that intangible dual quality of realism and luminous idealism. it is realism taken to a second order. and these were the visual expectations that early photography had to match. the comment that " the camera never lies " ( probably first uttered in the mid to late 19th century ) is thus not to be understood as a positive statement about the inherent truth of photography — it is a complaint. a woman looking at a photographic portrait of herself would say, " this doesn ' t look very good. is that even me? " the photographer would reply, " well, the camera never lies. " the comment was a photographer ' s excuse, an explanation as to why the camera produces an unsatisfying document. essentially, people were complaining that photographs tended to look worse than paintings. those early portraits could be so lifeless. it is difficult, after all, to sit down for a photograph and to hold one expression for minutes or even hours without that expression becoming wooden. the painter could fix this by bringing life back into the face with his painterly skill. the chemicals of the photographic process had no such flexibility. and so, in early photography, painters were often called in to fix the results, in order to give photographs the look of the painted scenes. there ' s a photo in the metropolitan museum exhibit of a young girl with her hand on her shoulder. it is a daguerreotype from about 1850. the daguerreotype has more or less been turned back into a painting. it has been colored in and many of the lines, especially of the woman ' s dress, have been softened up with painterly techniques. there is fakery here, if you want to call it that. but the fakery is not about making the photograph into something truer to life — it is about making the photograph truer to painting. and that is the fascinating thing that can be seen in all the wonderful early photographs at the metropolitan museum exhibit. we see this happening with the landscapes as well as the portraits. the exhibit includes a photograph of cape horn, columbia river, oregon done by carleton e. watkins in 1867. the scene shows a cliff by the side of the lake with a cloudy sky shot through with light above and to the right of the photograph. in fact, as a print of the original picture shows, the photograph displayed by watkins is a blend of two exposures. watkins was not able to get an exposure of both the clouds and of the cliff


above and to the right of the photograph. in fact, as a print of the original picture shows, the photograph displayed by watkins is a blend of two exposures. watkins was not able to get an exposure of both the clouds and of the cliff in the same shot. so, he took two different shots and put them together. the interesting thing is that the two unblended photographs are perfectly satisfying on their own. there are plenty of times in real life when we observe a scene in nature and cannot see the sky due to the brightness of the sun. our eyes can have the same problem of overexposure that affects a camera obscura or a photograph. watkins ' original photo of the landscape with its overexposed sky is only dissatisfying if you compare it to a landscape painting from the same era, with its perfect rendering of both land and sky. watkins wasn ' t worrying about truth or lies in photography when he took that picture of the columbia river ; he was worrying about thomas cole ' s 1836 painting view from mount holyoke, or something like it. watkins was trying to make his photograph live up to the compositional standards of the great landscape painters of his time. the great struggle for photography in those early days was thus to figure out whether photography was simply an extension of painting, a cutting out of the middleman, or whether it was something genuinely new, with its own set of rules and suppositions and formal challenges. the photographs collected in the exhibit at the metropolitan museum of art are a beautiful and moving testimony to that struggle. reality, as is so often the case, has nothing to do with it. • 14 november 2012 morgan meis is a founding member of flux factory, an arts collective in new york. he has written for the believer, harper ’ s, and the virginia quarterly review. morgan is also an editor at 3 quarks daily, and a winner of a creative capital | warhol foundation arts writers grant. a book of morgan ' s selected essays can be found here. he can be reached at firstname. lastname @ example. org. photographs courtesy of the metropolitan museum of art.


interesting research that could have ms implications. calcium is spark of life, kiss of death for nerve cells march 1, 2007 - - oregon health & science university research shows how calcium regulates the recharging of high - frequency auditory nerve cells after they ' ve fired a burst of signals, and it may have implications for neurological disorders. the study by scientists at ohsu ' s vollum institute and the university of arkansas for medical sciences, which appears in the current issue of the journal nature neuroscience, shows that calcium ions play a greater role in keeping in check the brain ' s most powerful circuits, such as those used for processing sound signals, than previously thought. a better understanding of that role could someday help prevent the death of neurons behind some diseases of the brain and spinal cord, such as stroke and multiple sclerosis, the scientists say. the research, led by postdoctoral fellow jun hee kim, ph. d., and her advisor, henrique von gersdorff, ph. d., both scientists at the vollum institute, found that calcium tempers the activity of a high - throughput sodium pump, located in the plasma membrane covering nerve endings, that controls how quickly and accurately a nerve cell continues firing after an initial burst of spiking activity. " what ' s happening in the brain is you have all these action potentials ( spikes ) that are firing - the action potential is the way you transmit information quickly from neuron to neuron - and when you have an action potential, you have an explosive influx of sodium ions into the cell, " von gersdorff said. " as a result, the cell is depolarized and it needs to be quickly repolarized. " to repolarize a cell so it can continue firing, and do so accurately and at high - input frequencies, the sodium pump ejects three positively charged sodium ions and imports two positively charged potassium ions. the net result is one positive charged is expelled from the cell, causing a hyperpolarization of the cell ' s membrane potential. quick repolarization of the nerve cell is essential. mature auditory nerve cells fire at frequencies that are 10 to 100 times higher than most high - frequency cells in the brain - 1 kilohertz, or 1, 000 hertz. most brain synapses, the space between nerve cells through which impulses are transmitted and received, begin failing beyond 10 hertz. " in the last few years, we have been studying high - frequency firing cells in the auditory part of the brain