“ if god is all - powerful and all - good, it would have created a universe in the same way it created heaven : with free will for all, no suffering and no evil. but evil and suffering exist. therefore god does not exist, is not all - powerful or is not benevolent ( good ). a theodicy is an attempt to explain why a good god would have created evil and suffering. the most popular defence is that it is so humans could have free will. however the entire universe and the natural world is filled with suffering, violence and destruction so any humanity - centric explanation does not seem to work. ” the most common theodicy is the free will theodicy1. this is that god created evil so that we could then choose between good and evil, and make moral choices. if all choices result in good, there would be no moral choices. if love is acceptable, it must be chosen over hate and therefore evil and suffering result when we make morally poor choices. however this classical theodicy does not hold up, for many reasons. although many believers adhere to the free will theodicy, it is not preached in the holy books of the main monotheistic religions. see : monotheism and free will : the christian bible and the quran both teach strict determinism - that god decides all of our fates, and our own choices and decisions cannot change god ' s plan for everyone. prominent historical christian theologians who have rejected the free will theodicy include st augustine, martin luther and john calvin2. the arguments on this page are thousands of years old, but, many continue to believe in the simplicity of the free will theodicy, so, it does no harm to state the arguments against it again. the fact that there is both free will and no evil in heaven tells us that evil and suffering are not a requirement of free will. if there is no reason for suffering in heaven, then, god should instantly put everyone in heaven, where we would all continue to have free will, but also not suffer. “ earthquakes, volcanoes, floods and disease affect human beings indiscriminately and result from geological factors not from free will. unborn babies lay amongst the victims. animals and humans alike suffer as a result of natural evil. these disasters have been prevalent for all of earth ' s history so have nothing to do with human agency. not only that, but the entire universe is steeped in large - scale destruction and violence as part of the very design of


of natural evil. these disasters have been prevalent for all of earth ' s history so have nothing to do with human agency. not only that, but the entire universe is steeped in large - scale destruction and violence as part of the very design of the physical world. none of this indicates that there is a ' good ' design behind it all, and it especially indicates that there is no good god. ” god not only created the possibility of suffering, pain and sin, but it appears that it made us with a strong inclination towards it. life being " unfair " is a symptom of pain or suffering, of inadequacy or feelings or even sinful emotions such as greed. god created these emotions, we do not choose to accept them, they are inherent in our nature. god could have created us so that we do not feel these emotions, that they simply don ' t exist. it would eliminate a lot of evil, and would not take away our free will - we ' d just have a different range of emotions that we didn ' t choose to have. the fact that god has created our nature and instincts to be geared towards sin and imperfection means that it wants us to choose evil over good. it has created evil, and created us so that we will mostly " choose " it. god sometimes creates people with ( for example ) genetic diseases that predispose them to paranoid schizophrenia, violent crime, sexual abuse and amorality and other inherited personality defects. other people are born with a predisposition to calmness, subordination and pacifism. both types of person have free will. god could easily create the majority of humanity so that our personality is much better and kinder in general and not just in outstanding individuals. it seems that the actual quantity and evil and suffering could be much less, and free will would still exist. suffering is not required for free will. when someone commits a crime or otherwise causes suffering, why does the victim suffer? the victim has not chosen evil, they are merely the unfortunate victims of someone else ' s choice. if justice or morality exist, and come from god, then only those acts that are evil should be punished. when someone is a victim, god itself should put the crime right, and avoid the innocent suffering. the person responsible for the evil may still suffer punishment or retribution, but why does the victim need to suffer? if suffering and evil are the result of free will, then, why is it that much suffering is caused by outside agencies? this transmission


. the person responsible for the evil may still suffer punishment or retribution, but why does the victim need to suffer? if suffering and evil are the result of free will, then, why is it that much suffering is caused by outside agencies? this transmission of the effects of one person ' s bad choices to another ' s experience is unnecessary for free will. in a society where there are no victims, punishment would be unnecessary. if our nature was geared towards good, there would be no need for punishment to be used as a terror tactic to reduce crime. that punishment is necessary means that god cannot be all - powerful. it is not an effect of free will that we should suffer the consequences of each other ' s bad choices, it is an effect of a universe operating under a different, amoral sense of justice, and not under the care of an all - powerful, just god. free will is the ability to make choices. this means, we must have options. what these options are is irrelevant. a saint, jesus, muhammad, etc, had free will. these people also did not ( perhaps ) ever commit a sin. nevertheless it is ludicrous to say that because a person does not choose evil that they have no free will. in other words, it is possible for a person never to accept evil, and still have free will. this means that we could have a nature that never wills transgression, and we could still have free will. there are many millions of choices and paths you can take in life, there is no requirement for " cause evil " to be an effect of them. free will still exists without it. if god was good, we would all exist ( as those in heaven do ) in a situation where we all continually have the free will to choose between different good courses of action. evil simply isn ' t required for free will. when a person chooses evil, god could rectify the real life effect of it, and simply let the perpetrator feel its effect. there is no need for evil to manifest outside of a person ' s own choices. evil, in short, could be chosen, but not realized. there is no reason for evil to cause suffering. if we had a choice between doing something good or bad, if we chose bad, why does it cause suffering? why must it? it seems we could chose bad, and for it to have no effect other than to prevent us feeling that we did good. that is enough for free will. a forgiving god would note that


, why does it cause suffering? why must it? it seems we could chose bad, and for it to have no effect other than to prevent us feeling that we did good. that is enough for free will. a forgiving god would note that someone just chose badly, and rectify their mistake and forgive them. no suffering would result. if it means that those who choose badly fail to get to heaven then so be it, but, there is no need for actual suffering to occur. " evil begets evil " is not the fruit of a good god ; bad choices by us needn ' t result in the punishment of pain or suffering for anyone. the lack of separation of evil from its effects shows that god is not interested in preventing evil. some monotheistic religions such as christianity and islam preach that adam and eve were the beginning of mankind rather than our evolutionary predecessors ( which was a whole species rather than two individuals ). in these religions, adam and eve are said to have been created in paradise, but banished for committing the original sin. the original sin is the reason christians say that human beings experience suffering - as a result of adam and eve ' s actions. humankind was created in, and was supposed to exist in, a state of immortal paradise. but as a result of adam and eve ' s original sin, we have all been punished with our earthly existence, completely with suffering, pain and death ( romans 5 : 12, 1 corinthians 15 : 21 ). genesis 3 : 14 - 19 describes some of the punishments in more detail. the reason there is any death at all is because adam and eve disobeyed god. the story in the qur ' an, sura 7 : 24 - 27, tells of when adam and eve are punished and banished from paradise, and must thereafter live on the earth complete with its suffering, pain and death. this however, makes all their children and descendents suffer from the same punishment. this is despite the qur ' anic statement that " none shall bear the burden of another ' s sin " ( 35 : 18 and 53 : 38 ). before augustine coined the phrase original sin it was known simply as ancestral sin. it is a feature of christianity that been much criticized. famed antagonist richard dawkins asks " what kind of ethical philosophy is it that condemns every child, even before it is born, to inherit the sin of a remote ancestor? " 4. is it is really moral to punish someone for someone else ' s actions? all good


asks " what kind of ethical philosophy is it that condemns every child, even before it is born, to inherit the sin of a remote ancestor? " 4. is it is really moral to punish someone for someone else ' s actions? all good parents teach their children that that is not fair and unjust. hence, the story of adam and eve teaches us that god is unjust or at least, not always just, and therefore is not perfectly benevolent. the story teaches us that it is divine will that sometimes the relatives of sinners can be punished for the guilty. the story teaches us that free will is not the cause of the suffering of mankind. we are all born in a world of pain and death because someone - else committed a crime, which was nothing to do with our own free will to choose wrongly. the free will justification for evil does not work. free will does not require the existence of evil or suffering - heaven is a place where there is free will, and no suffering. there is a lot of suffering and evil that is not the result of free will such as from natural disasters, so free will could not actually account for all suffering, only some of it. the question of why god creates additional suffering would still exist. also, the free will of one person can cause suffering for another innocent person, god should not allow the moral choices of one being affect other beings as this goes against accountability, which is the whole point of free will. in short, it seems that the existence of pain and suffering contradicts the existence of a good god. “ to the present day, all theodicies have failed to explain why a good god would create evil, meaning that the existence of evil is simply incompatible with the existence of a good god. after thousands of years of life - consuming passion, weary theologians have not formulated a new answer to the problem of evil for a long time. the violence of the natural world, disease, the major catastrophes and chaotic destruction seen across the universe and the unsuitability of the vastness of reality for life all indicate that god is not concerned with life, and might actually even be evil. failure to answer the problem of evil sheds continual doubt on the very foundations of theistic religions. ” the koran. translation by n. j. dawood. penguin classics edition published by penguin group ltd, london, uk. first published 1956, quotes taken from 1999 edition. the bible ( niv ). the niv is the best translation for accuracy whilst maintaining readability.


memorial a lasting tribute to heroes who saved the world and changed it the world war ii memorial, sober and sunk low in a long frame of elms, rests between the two structures that anchor the mall. the monument to america ' s first great warrior, george washington, towers over it on one side. the statue of america ' s great uniter, abraham lincoln, looks on from the other. in such company, the location and initial look of the new memorial to those who fought in world war ii had its doubters. it would trample on ground consecrated by the civil rights movement, some said. its design smacked of imperialist architecture, others said. the controversy, settled in granite and bronze, came down to this : was world war ii - - the lives lost, the victories gained - - a hinge event of american history, on par with the founding and the civil war? or not? historians say it was : the war transformed america, and, in turn, america transformed the world. " world war ii was the seminal event of the 20th century, " says victor davis hanson, military historian and classicist at the university of california in fresno and author of " carnage and culture, " a study of the military pre - eminence of western civilization. " quite literally, western civilization as we know it hung by a thread - - and was saved by the efforts of americans. " " the totality of it is what made it unique for the american experience, " says edward j. drea, a historian of world war ii who lives in fairfax. " it affected everyone, of every class. " from december 7, 1941, to aug. 6, 1945, america spent 400, 000 lives beating back german dictator adolf hitler ' s march across europe and japanese emperor hirohito ' s advance in the south pacific. sixteen million americans served during the war, fully 10 percent of the population at the time. the movement of so many young men and so much materiel radically reshaped our society. the country literally was in flux, its industrial capacity energized like never before, its agrarian roots fading further from view. the population migrated northward and, drawn by a humming new industry centered on construction of aircraft, to california. global war demanded a rapid acceleration in the technology of weaponry and medicine. mr. drea, who focuses on the south pacific theater in books such as " macarthur ' s ultra : codebreaking and the war against japan, " notes that the war led to wider use of


acceleration in the technology of weaponry and medicine. mr. drea, who focuses on the south pacific theater in books such as " macarthur ' s ultra : codebreaking and the war against japan, " notes that the war led to wider use of malaria suppressants such as quinine and the insecticide ddt, which helped stop typhus epidemics. the united states devoted all its energies to the war, rationing meat, sugar and metals on the home front. a shortage of shellac, used to manufacture phonograph records, stunted the recording of new music. short supplies of rubber and gasoline - - and trains filled with soldiers - - knocked touring musicians off the road. popular bandleader glenn miller sent his own musicians packing to form the army air force band and died in 1944 when a military flight disappeared over the english channel. yankee legend joe dimaggio and movie star jimmy stewart joined the war effort at the height of their careers by serving in the army and army air corps, respectively, and mr. stewart became a decorated pilot. up to 40 percent of the movies hollywood cranked out between 1941 and 1945 propagandized for the war. hum - phrey bogart squared off against the nazis in 1943 ' s " action in the north atlantic " ; cary grant captained a submarine in " destination tokyo " the same year ; and future president ronald reagan teamed with errol flynn in 1942 ' s " desperate journey. " women flocked to jobs in the men ' s absence. teenagers too young to fight also took jobs, setting in motion a new youth culture that would flourish as veterans and their wives created waves of new children for the next 20 years. after vanquishing european fascism and japanese militarism, the postwar nation assumed the leading role in defending the world against the other great poison of the 20th century, the menace of stalin and expansionist soviet communism. " the self - destruction of europe created the conditions for the ascendancy of the u. s. in world affairs, " mr. hanson says, " and, tragically but necessarily, demanded a new responsibility to expend blood and treasure - - immediately after our greatest sacrifice - - to prevent the soviet union from capitalizing on the ruin of europe. " other reverberations were no less significant, from the invention of modern japan to the reconstruction of europe, unprecedented acts of statecraft both. a broad american middle class arose at home, elevated by the gi bill of rights and linked, eventually, by a new interstate highway system


no less significant, from the invention of modern japan to the reconstruction of europe, unprecedented acts of statecraft both. a broad american middle class arose at home, elevated by the gi bill of rights and linked, eventually, by a new interstate highway system and the commercial airline industry. american gis helped saved the world, and those who survived came home still young men, in their early 20s. they were just getting started. in the 59 postwar years during which the mall had no world war ii memorial, modern america itself was their legacy. the good war british prime minister winston churchill famously said he " slept the sleep of the saved " after the japanese bombed pearl harbor. a reluctant america, with all its potential industrial might and manpower, finally would tip the balance in the allies ' favor. yet arnold krammer, a history professor at texas a & m university, says it was no sure thing. after world war i, america, isolationist in outlook, dramatically scaled back its standing army and produced little in the way of new weaponry. " we were unprepared, " mr. krammer says. " the american military had 183, 000 men and 488 machine guns in 1940. " mr. drea says, " it wasn ' t inevitable ; no one knew what would happen. " the number of american conscripts would bloom to 8 million, culled from what mr. krammer calls, in a slightly irreverent tweaking of nbc news anchor tom brokaw ' s tribute book, " the bored generation. " " they were coming out of the great depression, " mr. krammer says. " here was an opportunity for excitement. it was a chance for most boys to see what the rest of the world looked like. we were, after all, quite a rural country, no matter how many people lived in big cities. " " we were still boys ; that ' s the crazy thing, " says m. d. elevitch, 79, a native of duluth, minn., who fought in the 94th division under gen. george s. patton. a volume of his correspondence, " dog tags yapping : the wwii letters of a combat gi, " was published last month. " i was totally innocent, inhibited, " mr. elevitch recalls. still, he adds, in words that might epitomize the mood of the country, " we knew right from the beginning what we needed to do. " peter kuznick


innocent, inhibited, " mr. elevitch recalls. still, he adds, in words that might epitomize the mood of the country, " we knew right from the beginning what we needed to do. " peter kuznick, a historian of the 20th century at american university, actively opposed the vietnam war and remains a fierce critic of nuclear weapons. world war ii, he says, is nonetheless unimpeachable. " if there ' s ever been a war in history in which one can identify good guys and bad guys, it ' s world war ii, " mr. kuznick says. mr. drea adds : " there was never a direct [ foreign ] threat to the survival of the republic before. at pearl harbor, there sure seemed to be one. " japan ' s surprise attack on the pacific fleet at pearl harbor mobilized a " sleeping giant, " in adm. isoroku yamamoto ' s prophetic phrase. " it felt to people at the time that this was a great war, " mr. kuznick says. " it had to be won, and they were willing to sacrifice. " ' a giant step ' the approximately 400, 000 u. s. troops killed in world war ii are second only to the 620, 000 of the civil war, in which, of course, there was no foreign enemy. mr. elevitch was wounded by mortar fragments, his lungs taking in blood, and he underwent an emergency operation in a tent on a german battlefield. like many other veterans, he did not speak of his experiences for decades. he broke his silence with a short story, " the finger, " published in 1989 and inspired by the sight of a disembodied digit. reticent and scarred by battle, the soldiers came home feeling purposeful, at the least with a hopeful drive to " go on with our lives, " mr. elevitch says. " we had a sense of confidence if we survived. " " in some communities, " president franklin d. roosevelt said in a 1942 " fireside chat " heard on radio, " employers dislike to employ women. in others they are reluctant to hire negroes.... we can no longer afford to indulge such prejudices and practices. " practically and morally, the war forced a re - examination of the treatment of blacks in america. actor ossie davis, 86, who served as a surgical technician in the army medical corps in liberia, remembers segregated accommodations at the


, and we were doing our part to help the guys who were fighting overseas, ' " ms. sewell says. " it seems so strange to people who didn ' t live through it, who can ' t appreciate the enormity of the effort, " mr. drea says of america ' s determination to see world war ii through to victory. americans, by and large, were united in purpose and passion. the nation won great victories in europe and the south pacific. the war generation ' s reward was prosperity : college degrees paid for by the federal government ; higher salaries ; new homes in the suburbs outfitted with modern appliances. events didn ' t stop churning, however. mr. kennedy writes of the year 1948 : " the russians had just exploded their own atomic bomb, and the communists had recently taken power in china. somehow the good war had not settled things to the degree that roosevelt had promised. " today, world war ii seems distant to, and perhaps unappreciated by, the children and grandchildren of the war generation. mr. hanson, the military historian, worries about how the war is taught in schools : with laserlike focus on the use of atomic bombs in hiroshima and nagasaki and the internment of japanese in the united states, to the neglect of climactic battles. " very little actual military history is being taught, " he says, " and, thus, most of our youth know only the social or cultural consequences of the war but almost nothing about the war itself. " a very sad development, given the amazing sacrifices and skill shown by an entire generation of americans. " even after the battles at the bulge ( december 1944 - january 1945 ), where 19, 000 u. s. troops died in the ardennes forest of the german - belgian border, and at the island of okinawa ( april - june 1945 ), where 13, 000 died fighting the japanese - - even after these staggering losses, which came at a time when the country was being told the war was almost over, the american public, already tested by a long depression, didn ' t falter. has the nation lost the energy - - the singleness of purpose, the resolve, the willingness to sacrifice - - that marked the world war ii era? " none of us knows, " mr. hanson says. " we are in year three of the so - called war on terror, so i suppose we shall soon find out. " by john solomon how the government ' s punishing of the exposure of official wrongdoing can


yellow fever vaccine safety cases of viscerotropic disease following yellow fever vaccination were described in the united states and other countries, and current evidence suggests that these cases were a result of vaccine - type virus and not of reversion of the vaccine virus to wild type. unlike the viscerotropic complications of yellow fever vaccination, reported neurotropic cases from the united states have not been fatal. the neurotropic cases presented as gbs ( thought to be immunemediated ), encephalopathy ( thought to be due to active invasion of the central nervous system by the virus ) or acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis ( thought to be caused either by direct invasion of the brain by the virus or by an immune - mediated response to the virus ). all cases of viscerotropic disease to date have been reported in primary vaccinees, starting 2 – 5 days after vaccination. whether this reflects the persistence of pre - existing immunity at the time of revaccination or lower rates of revaccination in the study populations cannot be determined. the rate of reported viscerotropic disease varies in different settings. in particular, a lower rate has been reported in brazil than in the united states. gacvs considered that it would be important to examine the possibility that naturally circulating yellow fever virus in endemic regions may account for some of these differences in risk. the risk of viscerotropic complications of yellow fever vaccine is age - related ; individuals aged 65 years and over who are first recipients of the vaccine are at considerably higher risk than younger subjects ( although the young are not excluded from the risk ). recent evidence from the united states also suggests a higher risk of neurotropic disease in older vaccinees. there needs to be a better estimate of the risk, and prediction of subjects at risk and of factors predisposing to risk of both types of serious complication of the yellow fever vaccine. in communicating such risks, consideration needs to be given to highlighting potential contributing factors, such as age or sensitivity of surveillance systems, to risk estimates based on currently available data. particular care should be taken that the vaccine is received only by those travellers truly at risk for yellow fever exposure. furthermore, care should be taken that routine yellow fever vaccination programmes are not jeopardized by risk – benefit ratios that may be inapplicable to the target populations in endemic countries. a critical and unresolved issue is the


a digital camera is a type of camera that takes photographs or videos with the use of an electronic image sensor. this device has the capacity to display photographs on the screen several seconds after the image has been recorded. other brands of the cameras can edit the layout, color as well as the entire appearance of the picture. because of the popularity and wide use of the device, it is incorporated in other devices like mobile phones and pdas. to learn about the history of the device, it is best to start with the person behind the development of the digital camera. who invented the digital camera? this device was first created by eastman kodak engineer steven sasson in 1975. the camera used a solid state ccd image sensor chips manufactured by fairchild semiconductor. the device weighed 3. 6 kilograms and it took above 20 seconds to capture an image. this camera was developed as a prototype and it is not intended for mass production. however, this device has the capacity to record black and white pictures. additionally, the first digital camera has a resolution of 10, 000 pixels or 0. 01 megapixels. the first digital camera that was introduced to the public is the fuji ds - 1p, which was launched in 1988. the device has a 16 mb internal memory card and it has a battery. the device was not launched in japan as well as in the united states. the next digital camera that was commercially available is the 1990 dycam model 1. it has a ccd image sensor and it can be connected to a computer or a laptop to transfer and store data. eastman kodak launched the first professional digital camera named as the kodak dcs - 100 in 1991. in order for the product to be used in special events, it featured a 1. 3 megapixel sensor. the device was offered at $ 13, 000. after the release of this model, many companies featured different models of digital cameras. in 1996, kodak launched the first digital camera that has compactflash. additional information and other important details digital cameras have different types. these include the compact cameras, bridge cameras, digital single lens reflex cameras as well as the electronic viewfinder. aside from these, consumers can also purchase digital rangefinders and line scan camera systems. the image resolutions of cameras available in the market today range from 0. 01 to 60. 5. image data storage devices used are compact flash, memory stick, microdrive, secure digital card and floppy disks.


getting to the heart of a healthy diet : alcohol there is no doubt that drinking large amounts of alcohol is bad for your health. but, given the potential health benefits of drinking moderate amounts of alcohol, the american heart association recommends that adults should consider drinking some alcohol. however, it is important that adults who drink should do so only in moderation. women should have no more than one alcoholic drink per day and men should have no more than one to two drinks per day. if you are considering beginning or continuing to drink alcohol, you should : - consult your physician to discuss its benefits and risks given your family history. certain people should not consume any alcohol, such as pregnant women, people with liver disease, or those who are on certain medications. - limit your alcohol intake to one drink a day if you are a woman and one to two drinks a day if you are a man. - periodically review your use of alcohol with your doctor. you may need to change your drinking behavior if you begin to consume too much or experience harmful consequences as a result of drinking alcohol. - never drink alcohol if you are going to be driving or operating machinery. people who drink moderately have heart disease less often than nondrinkers. alcohol appears to increase hdl, the good form of cholesterol. some other ways that researchers believe alcohol may help protect the heart include : - the alcohol or some other substance in alcoholic drinks may prevent platelets in the blood from sticking together. this, in turn, will reduce clot formation and the risk for heart attack or stroke. - flavonoids and other antioxidants in red wine may protect the heart and arteries. however, there are many negative health effects associated with alcohol intake, as well. this is especially true with heavy alcohol consumption. these include : moderation is essential with alcohol because many chronic health problems can develop, or be exacerbated, from alcohol abuse. one drink equals no more than 1 / 2 ounce of pure alcohol. for example : - 12 ounces of beer - 4 ounces of wine — it is important to note that a " glass " of wine usually means 8 - 12 ounces for most people. however the official size of a glass of wine is 4 ounces or 1 / 2 of a cup. measure it once, into your wine glass to see what that amount actually looks like. - 1 - ½ ounces of 80 - proof spirits - 1 ounce of 100 - proof spirits if you choose not to drink, you are not missing out. you


make a levitating motor out of pencils and magnets - 7 : 30 am how often, really, do you get to see something levitate? i did, at ( where else? ) maker faire new york last september. chris connors showed me this project. it consists of a base made out of pencils and 3d - printed connectors, with magnets placed to repel a rotating pencil equipped with its own magnets as well as a mess of magnet wire powered by small solar cells. the mendocino motor floats in its own magnetic field and converts light into electricity and magnetism, which are then converted into the motion of the motor. building and studying this project provides the satisfaction of creating an amazing bit of technology, and the opportunity to explore magnetism, electromagnetism, electric motors, solar power generation, and personal manufacturing. build the base that holds the magnets and provides a bearing point for the motor. then wind the motor coils, and solder them to the solar cells. when the motor is assembled, you ’ ll balance it so it spins freely, and perform any troubleshooting to make it work properly. want to learn more about chris ’ s project? check out the make projects writeup and the thingiverse page where you can download the files to print your own connectors. finally, watch a video of the motor in motion.


a new study demonstrates a link between homophobia and repressed homosexual desire. the study, according to science daily, is the first to document the roles that parenting and sexual orientation play in the development of anti - gay prejudice. conducted by a research team from the university of rochester, the university of essex, england, and the university of california in santa barbara, the research is set to be published the april issue of the “ journal of personality and social psychology. ” through a series of psychological studies, the researchers found that people with an unacknowledged same - sex attraction who grew up with parents who strongly denounced such desires were more likely to support anti - gay policies and to have self - reported homophobic attitudes, discriminatory bias and hostility towards gays. “ individuals who identify as straight but in psychological tests show a strong attraction to the same sex may be threatened by gays and lesbians because homosexuals remind them of similar tendencies within themselves, ” said netta weinstein, the study ’ s lead author and a lecturer at the university of esse. “ in many cases these are people who are at war with themselves and they are turning this internal conflict outward, ” said co - author richard ryan, professor of psychology at the university of rochester. he helped direct the research. “ this study shows that if you are feeling that kind of visceral reaction to an out - group, ask yourself, ‘ why? ’ ’ ryan said. “ those intense emotions should serve as a call to self - reflection. ” the authors say their findings may help to explain the personal dynamics behind some bullying and hate crimes directed at gays and lesbians. people in denial about their sexual orientation may lash out because gay targets bring their internal conflict to the forefront, the authors write. wisconsin ’ s leading anti - gay group, wisconsin family action, is led by a stereotypically masculine - acting woman who has never married and has lived for many years with another never - married woman. the two, julaine appling and diane westphal, own a home together in watertown. the primary focus of wfa is to prevent same - sex couples from achieving legal recognition. the researchers looked at higher - profile cases of such hypocrisy, including the ted haggard scandal, and suggested that “ these people may often themselves be victims of repression and experience exaggerated feelings of threat. ”


learn something new every day more info... by email process costing is a management accounting cost allocation method used by companies that produce copious amounts of homogenous or extremely similar consumer goods. examples of these types of companies include food manufacturers, bottling companies, printing companies, and other similar businesses. companies use process costing to allocate the business costs related to each process of production, because allocating costs to each individual good is too difficult and time consuming. under cost allocation methods, management accountants determine the cost of operating each individual function used in the production process. the total process cost is divided by the number of items produced during each specific function. the dollar amount resulting from this calculation is allocated to each good produced by the process. the costs included in each process costing production system relate to the amount of direct materials used to produce goods, direct labor of employees running the process, and the amount of manufacturing overhead used in the production process. manufacturing overhead often includes indirect materials, indirect labor, and the utilities used to run the production equipment. each individual process has business costs allocated as goods enter into the production process. the costs are tracked until the goods leave the process and move through the production system. while production systems usually depend on the type of goods a company produces, similar production processes may be involved in these types of systems. for example, in magazine production, production processes include printing, cutting, and stapling. each process usually adds costs to the goods produced in a process costing system. process costing reports three types of inventories on a company ’ s financial statements : raw materials, work in process, and finished goods. raw materials represent any economic resources or business inputs that have yet to be used in the production system. a work in process is a detailed breakout of goods that have been going through the production system but are not yet finished. work - in - process inventories are valued by the number of processes the goods have gone through and the costs associated with producing the goods up to that point. production companies may have various levels of work - in - process inventories that are listed on their balance sheet. finished goods inventories are all goods produced that are available for sale to consumers. this inventories number also includes goods waiting to be moved to distributors or wholesalers.


it came closer... closer... and then it started heading away. but you may not have noticed at all. an asteroid passed relatively close to earth around 2 : 24 p. m. et friday. as scientists had been predicting all week, it did not hit. a different and unrelated small asteroid entered the atmosphere over russia on friday, hours before the much larger asteroid ' s fly - by, injuring about 1, 000 people. scientists say that incident was a pure coincidence. the larger asteroid, called 2012 da14, never got closer than 17, 100 miles to our planet ' s surface. stargazers in australia, asia and eastern europe could see the asteroid with the aid of a telescope or binoculars. at the gingin observatory in australia, the asteroid appeared as a bright white streak as viewers watched a live nasa video feed. scientists are studying this asteroid so extensively that they can already predict its path for most of the 21st century, said paul chodas of nasa ' s near earth object team. but it is only one of thousands of objects that are destined to one day enter our neighborhood in space. " there are lots of asteroids that we ' re watching that we haven ' t yet ruled out an earth impact ( for ), but all of them have an impact probability that is very, very low, " don yeomans, manager of the near - earth object program office at nasa ' s jet propulsion laboratory, said at a press briefing. the long and short of it the asteroid is thought to be 45 meters - - about half a football field - - long. current estimates suggest that the russian meteor - - which was a tiny asteroid before it hit the earth ' s atmosphere - - was only 15 meters wide, making it much harder to detect.


from salad fixings and root veggies to herbs and more, it is possible to sustain a healthy vegetable garden in your kitchen, sunroom, or another sunny corner inside your home. hate giving up your delicious home - grown vegetables once winter arrives? well, there is a way to grow an array of vegetables inside you ' re home. vegetables you can grow indoors : • beans, green • carrots, small fingerling • red peppers • other dwarf varieties of larger vegetables ask your local nursery if your veggie choice will grow better indoors from seed or seedling. what you ' ll need : • sunlight, maybe a sunny window sill or corner ( plants that produce a vegetable, not just a leaf, need 5 - 6 hours of sunlight per day ; 9 - 10 hours is ideal ) or grow lights if you have no direct sunlight. • light - colored, reflective surroundings and surfaces ( white, foil, etc. ). • containers with water trays. choose containers with plenty of room for the root system to grow up and out. ceramic tends to last longer in direct sunlight than plastic. • to assist with drainage and airflow, add some rocks to the bottom of your container before you add the soil. • good, lightweight potting soil mix that ' s suitable for containers. buy new potting soil to avoid bringing in any outdoor garden pests. • trellis for your container if you ' re growing vine climbers, like tomatoes, beans, or peas. • worm compost is a good addition. have you had any luck growing vegetables or fruits indoors? 12 ideas for modern valentine ' s day home decor school gardens : teaching kids a love of food 5 valentine ' s day crafts 8 cheap ways to stay warm this winter merrilee liddiard of mer mag : show & tell home tour


american heritage® dictionary of the english language, fourth edition - n. a form or part that is folded or coiled. - n. one of the convex folds of the surface of the brain. century dictionary and cyclopedia - n. the act of rolling. or winding together, or of winding one part or thing on another ; the motion or process of winding in and out. - n. the state of being rolled upon itself, or rolled or wound together. - n. a turn or winding ; a fold ; a gyration ; an anfractuosity ; a whorl : as, the convolutions of a vine ; the convolutions of the intestines. - n. in anatomy, specifically, one of the gyri, gyres, or anfractuosities of the brain, especially of the cerebrum. see cuts under brain and corpus. - n. in mathematics, such a connection between the relations of any asyzygetic system that each is applied alternately in the aggregate of the remaining relations. - n. something that is folded or twisted. - n. any of the folds on the surface of the brain. - n. the shape of something rotating ; a vortex. - n. mathematics a form of moving average. - n. computing a function which maps a tuple of sequences into a sequence of tuples. gnu webster ' s 1913 - n. the act of rolling anything upon itself, or one thing upon another ; a winding motion. - n. the state of being rolled upon itself, or rolled or doubled together ; a tortuous or sinuous winding or fold, as of something rolled or folded upon itself. - n. ( anat. ) an irregular, tortuous folding of an organ or part. - n. a convex fold or elevation in the surface of the brain - n. the action of coiling or twisting or winding together - n. the shape of something rotating rapidly - from latin convolutus ( " to roll together " ), past participle of convolvere, from con - + volvere ( " to roll " ). ( wiktionary ) “ it was in 1861 that he announced his discovery of the seat of articulate speech in the left side of the frontal region of the brain, since known as the convolution of broca. ” “ it is of small size, and consists of a square - shaped convolution,


the seat of articulate speech in the left side of the frontal region of the brain, since known as the convolution of broca. ” “ it is of small size, and consists of a square - shaped convolution, which is termed the precuneus or quadrate lobe. ” “ in front of this precentral convolution are the three frontal convolutions, and it would seem that the functions of these convolutions are higher movements and attention in fixation of the eyes ; moreover, in the lowest frontal region, indicated by fine dots, we have broca ' s convolution, which is associated with motor speech ; above at the base of the second middle frontal convolution is the portion of cortex in which is localised the function of writing. ” “ m. alain ' s expensive way of life, his clothes and mistresses, his dicing and racehorses, were all explained : he was in the pay of buonaparte, a hired spy, and a man that held the strings of what i can only call a convolution of extremely fishy enterprises. ” “ the interior portion of the convolution is the more intellectual portion of the organ, while the exterior portion is that which holds the closest relation to the fibres of the _ corpora striata _ in the middle lobe, and may therefore most properly be called the organ of language or of speech, the impairment of which produces aphasia, or loss of speech. ” “ in particular, fourier analytic methods are particularly useful for studying operations such as convolution in frequency space ( the domain of the frequency variable ” “ he looked again and decided that it was the purple haze of the hills made dark by a convolution of the canon wall at its back. ” “ at some length and terminological convolution on their part, making these exact same points to them, even that one about the computer program, with little effect … it is the most bizarre thing. ” these user - created lists contain the word ‘ convolution ’. a list of words that are odd or words that i have looked up. abbe - helmert crit..., a priori probability, alphabet, total correlation, three - dimensional..., theoretical frequ..., time reversal test, three - series theorem, theoretical variable, tetrachoric corre..., absolutely un


, a priori probability, alphabet, total correlation, three - dimensional..., theoretical frequ..., time reversal test, three - series theorem, theoretical variable, tetrachoric corre..., absolutely unbias..., absolute error and 4171 more... abducens..... draw..., ablation..... carr..., acetylcholine......., adrenalin..... nea..., afferent..... to c..., agnosia..... no kn..., alar..... wing - like, alexia..... no words, alveus..... canal, amacrine..... no l..., ambidextrous........, ambiguus..... doub... and 701 more... ruptured blood ve..., clot, pressure on a blo..., tumor, brain region, comprehension of..., production of mea..., autonomic nervous..., conservation of t..., catecholamine, arousal, regulation of sleep and 564 more... - a unit of language consisting of one or more spoken sounds or their written representation, that functions as a principal carrier of meaning. derivatives from chapter 19 of part one of english words from latin and greek elements " cerebral " cerebral terms looking for tweets for convolution.


muncie, ind. ( ap ) — more than a third of indiana adults who consume alcohol say they regularly binge drink, a new ball state university study found. the u. s. centers for disease control and prevention defines binge drinking as men consuming five or more drinks or women consuming four or more drinks in about two hours. the cdc provided the data for ball state ' s study. ball state researchers found that in 2011, about half of indiana adults classified themselves as regular drinkers and nearly 35 percent of them said they binge drink, the times of munster reported ( http : / / bit. ly / w4undv ). university researchers found that indiana has the 32nd highest percentage of binge drinkers among the 50 states and the district of columbia. adults 22 to 25 years old are more likely to binge drink and drink heavily, according to the study. the percentage of adults in indiana who say they binge drink or drink heavily goes down as age increases. alcohol tolerance varies from person to person, so those who drink should watch how it affects them specifically, said dr. peter mavrelis, a gastroenterologist who works with indiana university northwest. " just because your friend can hold down two six - packs doesn ' t mean you can do the same, " he said. mavrelis also said he was surprised at how little alcohol is considered binge drinking, noting that people often consider binge drinking as drinking to the point of incapacitation. still, he said, people should keep their alcohol consumption to less than two or three drinks a day. information from : the times, http : / / www. thetimesonline. com photo courtesy tim pearce @ flickr


a new world record wind gust : 253 mph in australia ' s tropical cyclone olivia the 6, 288 - foot peak of new hampshire ' s mount washington is a forbidding landscape of wind - swept barren rock, home to some of planet earth ' s fiercest winds. as a 5 - year old boy, i remember being blown over by a terrific gust of wind on the summit, and rolling out of control towards a dangerous drop - off before a fortuitously - placed rock saved me. perusing the guinness book of world records as a kid, three iconic world weather records always held a particular mystique and fascination for me : the incredible 136°f ( 57. 8°c ) at el azizia, libya in 1922, the - 128. 5°f ( - 89. 2°c ) at the " pole of cold " in vostok, antarctica in 1983, and the amazing 231 mph wind gust ( 103. 3 m / s ) recorded in 1934 on the summit of mount washington, new hampshire. well, the legendary winds of mount washington have to take second place now, next to the tropical waters of northwest australia. the world meteorological organization ( wmo ) has announced that the new world wind speed record at the surface is a 253 mph ( 113. 2 m / s ) wind gust measured on barrow island, australia. the gust occurred on april 10, 1996, during passage of the eyewall of category 4 tropical cyclone olivia. figure 1. instruments coated with rime ice on the summit of mt. washington, new hampshire. image credit : mike theiss. tropical cyclone olivia tropical cyclone olivia was a category 4 storm on the u. s. saffir - simpson scale, and generated sustained winds of 145 mph ( 1 - minute average ) as it crossed over barrow island off the northwest coast of australia on april 10, 1996. olivia had a central pressure of 927 mb and an eye 45 miles in diameter at the time, and generated waves 21 meters ( 69 feet ) high offshore. according to black et al. ( 1999 ), the eyewall likely had a tornado - scale mesovortex embedded in it that caused the extreme wind gust of 253 mph. the gust was measured at the standard measuring height of 10 meters above ground, on ground at an elevation of 64 meters ( 210 feet ). a similar mesovortex was encountered by a hurricane hunter aircraft in hurricane hugo of 1989, and a mesovortex was also believed to be responsible for the 239 mph wind gust measured at


at an elevation of 64 meters ( 210 feet ). a similar mesovortex was encountered by a hurricane hunter aircraft in hurricane hugo of 1989, and a mesovortex was also believed to be responsible for the 239 mph wind gust measured at 1400 meters by a dropsonde in hurricane isabel in 2003. for reference, 200 mph is the threshold for the strongest category of tornado, the ef - 5, and any gusts of this strength are capable of causing catastrophic damage. figure 2. visible satellite image of tropical cyclone olivia a few hours before it crossed barrow island, australia, setting a new world - record wind gust of 253 mph. image credit : japan meteorological agency. figure 3. wind trace taken at barrow island, australia during tropical cyclone olivia. image credit : buchan, s. j., p. g. black, and r. l. cohen, 1999, " the impact of tropical cyclone olivia on australia ' s northwest shelf ", paper presented at the 1999 offshore technology conference in houston, texas, 3 - 6 may, 1999. why did it take so long for the new record to be announced? the instrument used to take the world record wind gust was funded by a private company, chevron, and chevron ' s data was not made available to forecasters at australia ' s bureau of meteorology ( bom ) during the storm. after the storm, the tropical cyclone experts at bom were made aware of the data, but it was viewed as suspect, since the gusts were so extreme and the data was taken with equipment of unknown accuracy. hence, the observations were not included in the post - storm report. steve buchan from rps metocean believed in the accuracy of the observations, and coauthored a paper on the record gust, presented at the 1999 offshore technology conference in houston ( buchan et al., 1999 ). the data lay dormant until 2009, when joe courtney of the australian bureau of meteorology was made aware of it. courtney wrote up a report, coauthored with steve buchan, and presented this to the wmo extremes committee for ratification. the report has not been made public yet, and is awaiting approval by chevron. the verified data will be released next month at a world meteorological organization meeting in turkey, when the new world wind record will become official. new hampshire residents are not happy residents of new hampshire are understandably not too happy about losing their cherished claim to fame. the current home page of the mount washington observatory reads, "


in turkey, when the new world wind record will become official. new hampshire residents are not happy residents of new hampshire are understandably not too happy about losing their cherished claim to fame. the current home page of the mount washington observatory reads, " for once, the big news on mount washington isn ' t our extreme weather. sadly, it ' s about how our extreme weather - - our world record wind speed, to be exact - - was outdone by that of a warm, tropical island ". comparison with other wind records top wind in an atlantic hurricane : 239 mph ( 107 m / s ) at an altitude of 1400 meters, measured by dropsonde in hurricane isabel ( 2003 ). top surface wind in an atlantic hurricane : 211 mph ( 94. 4 m / s ), hurricane gustav, paso real de san diego meteorological station in the western cuban province of pinar del rio, cuba, on the afternoon of august 30, 2008. top wind in a tornado : 302 mph ( 135 m / s ), measured via doppler radar at an altitude of 100 meters ( 330 feet ), in the bridge creek, oklahoma tornado of may 3, 1999. top surface wind not associated with a tropical cyclone or tornado : 231 mph ( 103. 3 m / s ), april 12, 1934 on the summit of mount washington, new hampshire. top wind in a typhoon : 191 mph ( 85. 4 m / s ) on taiwanese island of lanya, super typhoon ryan, sep 22, 1995 ; also on island of miyakojima, super typhoon cora, sep 5, 1966. top surface wind not measured on a mountain or in a tropical cyclone : 207 mph ( 92. 5 m / s ) measured in greenland at thule air force base on march 6, 1972. top wind measured in a u. s. hurricane : 186 mph ( 83. 1 m / s ) measured at blue hill observatory, massachusetts, during the 1938 new england hurricane. buchan, s. j., p. g. black, and r. l. cohen, 1999, " the impact of tropical cyclone olivia on australia ' s northwest shelf ", paper presented at the 1999 offshore technology conference in houston, texas, 3 - 6 may, 1999. black, p. g., buchan, s. j., and r. l. cohen, 1999, " the tropical cyclone eyewall mesovortex : a physical mechanism explaining extreme peak gust occurrence in tc olivia, 4 april 1996 on barrow island,


west virginia university dr. john f. baniecki, extension specialist in plant pest management program - new york city has been infested with asian longhorned beetles that have already caused 5, 000 trees to be removed. as a remedy, imidacloprid is going to be injected into hardwood trees in an effort to reach the larvae of the beetle. the beetle has the potential to cause more tree damage than dutch elm disease, chestnut blight, and gypsy moths combined ( $ 41 billion in damage by the usda ' s estimate ). ( environmental news network ) http : / / www. enn. com. - usda agricultural research service ( ars ) cooperators have recently elucidated a scenario in which caterpillar - infested tobacco plants released compounds during the day and night. those released at night were repellent to female moths, who are looking for sites to deposit eggs. this information is in addition to that which demonstrated corn seedlings released chemicals that attract parasitic wasps when fed upon by caterpillars. ( usda ars news service ) www. ars. usda. gov. - usda ars researchers have also determined how to reduce intestinal loads of salmonella typhimurium and e. coli 0157 : h7 in pigs and cattle. these two bacteria have an enzyme, nitrate reductase, that is absent in beneficial microorganisms. when fed sodium chlorate, the enzyme converts chlorate to chlorite, which kills the bacteria. it is estimated that these two organisms produce 1. 5 million cases of food borne illnessper year. ( the florida cattleman, april, 2001 ). - a whitefly - vectored crinivirus ( tomato chlorosis virus ) has been detected in tomato plants grown in puerto rico for the first time. signs of infection include interveinal chlorosis, necrotic flecking, leaf thickening, and leaf rolling. ( promed via agnet, 3 / 25 ) www. promedmail. org. - a whitefly - vectored begomovirus ( tomato yellow leaf curl virus israeli strain ) has been detected in tomato plants grown in louisiana for the first time. signs of infection include severe stunting, leaf cupping, and chlorosis. ( promed, 3 / 27 ). - auxein corporation and mycotech corporation have announced their merger into emerald bioagriculture corporation. the company is based in lansing, mi with production operations in butte,


and chlorosis. ( promed, 3 / 27 ). - auxein corporation and mycotech corporation have announced their merger into emerald bioagriculture corporation. the company is based in lansing, mi with production operations in butte, mt. the company has eight epa - registered products. ( citrus & vegetable magazine, march, 2001 ). - a new biological fungicide ( contans® wg ) has been granted epa approval. produced by encore technologies, the material is billed as the only biological control product available in the u. s. for controlling sclerotinia diseases in the soil ( caused by s. sclerotiorum and s. minor ). info. at http : / / www. contans - wg. com. akari® 55c miticide / insecticide ( fenpyroximate ) for use on greenhouse ornamentals, floral and foliage crops has received fdacs approval as of february 19, 2001. ( pesticide registration evaluation committee agenda, april 5, 2001 ). registrants with active pesticide registrations - 1, 963 farms and business sites regulated under pesticide programs - 2, 246, 512 - farms - 2, 194, 070 - domestic pesticide manufacturing establishments - 11, 305 - foreign pesticide manufacturing establishments - 1, 137 - commercial pest control firms - 40, 000 farm workers - 2, 952, 600 - self - employed farm workers - 1, 570, 000 - hired farm workers - 890, 300 - unpaid farm workers - 487, 500 certified applicators - 1, 187, 515 - private applicators - 803, 423 - commercial applicators - 384, 092 helping you put knowledge to work the west virginia university cooperative extension service, u. s. department of agriculture and west virginia counties cooperating. equal opportunity / affirmative action institution.


microformats in context there has been a lot of discussion in xml circles as to how far the extensibility revolution promised by xml can take ( or has taken ) us. is xml really a tool for creating specialized languages so that information can be expressed in the most natural formats practical? or is it just a way to reduce the burden on those who write code to consume web content ( be strict in what you accept so that you can be liberal with your time spent fly - fishing ). are schema technologies a way to manage the flexibility that xml brings to the table, or just another weapon to put down users ( " you don ' t validate. go away " )? of course, the way i ' ve posed these questions reveals my bias. i think that xml should be a tool for expressiveness and controlled diversity on the web. i disagree strongly with the notion, recently expressed in a few quarters, that there are only a few viable xml formats, and that people should stop creating more. at the center of this controversy is the new web 2. 0 hotness : microformats. if you ' re not already familiar with this phenomenon, first read " what are microformats ". it ' s a div ' s world microformats enshrine the idea that rather than creating whole new vocabularies, developers should piggy - back off existing, widely supported and deployed formats such as xhtml. ( in this article i ' ll focus mostly on microformats with xhtml as a host language. ) the problem is that xhtml, at its best, does is good for basic document structure but, at its worst, tends to be used for the presentation of documents. microformats are a lightweight way to express more specialized information within the structure of xhtml without changing its syntax. the idea is that the success of this approach rests on modest ( hence " micro " ) constructs in modules that are mutually independent and focused on very specific domains. through such simplicity and modularity microformats minimize the strain on the host languages, as well as the implementation effort and overall conceptual load. unfortunately, the strain is rarely avoided in practice. many of the xhtml - based microformats i ' ve seen abuse the semantics of xhtml. a / @ rel tends to come in for special abuse. the html 4. 01 recommendation, whose semantics are adopted by xhtml, says : this attribute describes the relationship from the current document to the anchor specified


semantics of xhtml. a / @ rel tends to come in for special abuse. the html 4. 01 recommendation, whose semantics are adopted by xhtml, says : this attribute describes the relationship from the current document to the anchor specified by the href attribute. the value of this attribute is a space - separated list of link types. a microformat, such as google ' s rel = ' nofollow ', stretches this definition to breaking. " don ' t follow this link " is an instruction to the user agent ( more likely an automated agent such as a search index robot ). this is related to what was known as " actuation " in the xlink specification and a very different matter from the conceptual relationship between the two documents. i ' ll hasten to add that these problems are to some extent understood in the microformats camp, and that there are some quite reasonable uses of rel - tag. then again there is which is still designated a draft but does perpetuate without any apology in the spec. the abuse of a / @ rev in the vote - links microformats is an even more heinous example. before you write off my complaints about abuse of existing xhtml constructs as too rarefied and academic, consider that it leads to a very real problem when microformats collide. will the real rel please stand up there are only so many xhtml attributes to hitch a ride on, and if you can stretch the semantics of each attribute pretty much to suit yourself, it ' s inevitable that you will need to use clashing microformats. imagine you have a weblog that automatically asserts rel = ' nofollow ' on comment links to discourage comment spam. an example comment looks as follows. < p > nice blog. buy your medz < a href = ' http : / / medz. com ' rel = ' nofollow ' > here < / a > < / p > but you have another tool that looks for personnel links within your organization and marks them using a colleague designation in the xfn microformat. < p > i just want to be sure your readers know we ' re aware of the stability problems with the latest release. i ' ve posted some workarounds on < a href = ' http : / / mf - wizards. com / ~ jdoe / ' rel = ' colleague ' > my own blog < / a >. < /


release. i ' ve posted some workarounds on < a href = ' http : / / mf - wizards. com / ~ jdoe / ' rel = ' colleague ' > my own blog < / a >. < / p > you now have some sorting out to do. of course you cannot have two on the same element. you could set a priority that xfn annotation overrides rel - ' nofollow ' ( this is probably what you ' d want in practice ), but this means that suddenly your microformats are no longer really independent, and they ' re certainly not modular. microformat tools have to be aware of the different specs that might clash, and you introduce a bit of a negative network effect. you could use the nmtokens escape hatch, which would mean that after both tools have done their work the comment would look as follows : < p > i just want to be sure your readers know we ' re aware of the stability problems with the latest release. i ' ve posted some workarounds on < a href = ' http : / / mf - wizards. com / employees / jdoe / ' rel = ' colleague nofollow ' > my own blog < / a >. < / p > one problem with this is that when you have a microformat such as xfn, which already allows multiple tokens within a / @ rel, you ' re still inviting clashes because it ' s not clear which tokens are part of xfn, and which come from other conventions. it also becomes a land grab for terms across microformats. rel = ' date ' as a statement that you have a romantic involvement with the person represented by the resource indicated by the this could make for some stickiness in a microformat for references to calendar rel = ' date ' would have a markedly different meaning. u. g. l. y. you ain ' t got no alibi...! another problem that stems from being restricted to a host language is that you often end up with very contorted and ugly constructs to force the fit. xoxo is an eminent example of this problem. i once did an exploration of xoxo as a language for exchanging weblog lists, rather than the more established, but quite awful, opml. i ended up with something like listing 1.


schools that implement strong nutrition standards for snacks sold at school increase student meal participation and school revenue, according to a study just published by the rudd center and the harvard school of public health. the study, published in the american journal of public health, provides support for efforts to implement strong national nutrition standards for all food sold at school while promoting student participation in the national school lunch program. read more. regardless of body weight, teens had high brain activity during food commercials compared to nonfood commercials, according to researchers from the university of michigan, the oregon research institute, and the rudd center. the study, which appears in the current issue of social cognitive and affective neuroscience, may inform the current debates about the impact of food advertising on minors. children see thousands of commercials each year designed to increase their desire for foods high in sugar, fat, and salt. researchers analyzed how the advertising onslaught affects the brain by measuring the brain activity of teenagers while watching food and nonfood commercials. regions of the brain linked to attention, reward, and taste were active for all participants, especially when food commercials aired. overall, they recalled and liked food commercials better than nonfood commercials. read more. efforts to encourage healthy beverage choices by people receiving federal food assistance are paying off, according to a study published by the rudd center in pediatrics. the study shows that purchases of 100 percent juice declined among participants in the special supplemental nutrition program for women, infants, and children ( wic ) after the program changed in 2007 to offer foods that better reflect dietary recommendations for americans. while 100 percent fruit juices are widely marketed as healthy beverages, they contain the same amount of calories as soda and lack the fiber that is present in whole fruit. in addition, previous research in pediatrics has shown that excessive consumption of 100 percent juice is associated with increased risk of weight gain. the wic program is designed to help meet the needs of pregnant and postpartum women, infants, and young children who are at nutritional risk. prior to the wic food package revisions, the federal monthly allowances of 100 percent juice exceeded dietary recommendations for juice consumption in young children. new wic food packages provide considerably less juice. read more.


to touch something is to understand it – emotionally and cognitive. it´s one of our important six senses, which we use and need in our daily lives. but accidents or illnesses can disrupt us from our sense of touch now european researchers of the projects nanobiotact and nanobiotouch delve deep into the mysteries of touch and have developed the first sensitive artificial finger. the main scientific aims of the projects are to radically improve understanding of the human mechano - transduction system and tissue engineered nanobiosensors. therefore an international and multi disciplinary team of 13 scientific institutes, universities and companies put their knowledge together. “ there are many potential applications of biometric tactile sensoring, for example in prosthetic limbs where you´ve got neuro - coupling which allows the limb to sense objects and also to feed back to the brain, to control the limb. another area would be in robotics where you might want the capability to have sense the grip of objects, or intelligent haptic exploration of surfaces for example ”, says prof. michael adams, the coordinator of nanobiotact. the scientists have already developed a prototype of the first sensitive artificial finger. it works with an array of pressure sensors that mimic the spatial resolution, sensitivity and dynamics of human neural tactile sensors and can be directly connected to the central nervous system. combined with an artificial skin that mimics a human fingerprint, the device´s sensitivity to vibrations is improved. depending on the quality of a textured surface, the biomimetic finger vibrates in different ways, when it slides across the surface. thereby it produces different signals and once it will get used by patients, they could recognise if the surface is smooth or scratchy. “ the sensors are working very much like the sensors are doing on your own finger ”, says physicist dr. michael ward from the school of mechanical engineering at the university of birmingham. putting the biomimetic finger on artificial limbs would take prostheses to the next level. “ compared to the hand prostheses which are currently on the market, an integrated sense of touch would be a major improvement. it would be a truly modern and biometric device which would give the patient the feeling as if it belonged to his own body ”, says dr. lucia beccai from the centre for micro - robotics at the italian institute for technology. but till the artificial finger will be available on large scale a lot of tests will have to be done. nevertheless with the combination of computer and cognitive sciences, nano


note the cold spots are not along the geographic line from the n. pole to the s. pole but where the globe, tilted and tipped, is getting the least amount of sunshine! depending on the tipping and what part of the globe is getting sunlight, the coldest spot is not the geographic n. pole, but that part of the globe that gets less sunlight. on the weather maps below, the italy face makes russia, not sweden, receive less sunlight as sweden is tilted toward the sun. the americas face makes the areas nw of hudson bay, not the n. pole, receive less sunlight as this part receives a shorter day as it is pushed into an early sunset during the tilt swing. the new zealand face shows an uneven distribution of cold along latitude 60° as the globe is pushed up and away from the sun over new zeland. this is then pulled forward over the india face for warmer temperatures north of mongolia. the weather maps, and the verbal descriptions, match. dec 3 : no precise sunset data because of the clouds, but but somewhere between 280° and 320°. [ assume 300°. compass reading, subtract 30° for deviation. skymap expects azi 238°. sunset north by 32° ] dec 19 : i think we have passed the actual solstice already a week ago at least, as the sun is already now again higher in my view in europe than it was 2 weeks ago. i feel we have rolled by at least 12 - 30 degrees. dec 21 : sun set ssw rather than sw at azi 225°. dec 2 : sunset early by 30 minutes, south. dec 3 : sunset south by 21° dec 5 : sunrise north by 11° dec 11 : sunset south by 12° dec 11 : sunset south by 14° dec 13 : sunset south by 22° dec 14 : sunrise north by 7° dec 26 : sunrise north by 12° dec 6 : sunrise high by 19° north, early. dec 7 : sunrise 50 minutes, north. dec 8 : dark in the 2nd week of nov at 5 pm, normal for in the first week of dec. dec 21 : sunset south by 14° dec 23 : sunset south by 16° dec 24 : sunset south by 18° dec 8 : south by 38°! dec 10 : sunset south by 6° dec 18 : sunset south by 3° dec 22 : sunset south by 8° dec 18 : sunset 5° south. sunset dec 3 : south by 9°. sunrise dec 11 : south by 8° sunset


u. s. department of energy - energy efficiency and renewable energy building technologies office hospital energy alliance : daylighting video ( text version ) below is a text version of the hospital energy alliance video showing the importance of daylighting to hospital energy efficiency, staff performance and retention, and patient healing. daylighting brings natural light into hospitals to reduce the use of electric lighting. daylighting has also been shown to aid in patient healing, to improve the work environment of staff, and to enhance the well - being of patient families. daylighting is using the sun to offset electric lighting. and so there is a huge potential for energy savings there because you ' re using the glass to help provide some function in the building other than just views. you ' re actually using it for energy savings. we can almost eliminate cooling in probably 50 percent of the hospital just by reducing the loads : reducing the solar gains, controlling the light, and being very careful with equipment. these systems all lead us back to quality - of - light issues, the role of light in reducing cooling loads, which actually is a large energy consumer, but is a key component in capital costs. when you look at the energy use in a hospital, the electric lighting loads can tabulate almost 30 percent of the entire electric bill, so if you want to look at saving energy, that ' s one of the largest chunks. most buildings have windows ; therefore, there ' s opportunity for daylighting. we can get more of an advantage by designing those windows to really improve the lighting quality in the space and get the electric lights off. we ' re involved a lot with better bricks. they are the commercial buildings initiative for the northwest energy efficiency alliance. when this legacy project started, they offered to help out and do a daylighting study of parts of the hospital and we did two studies, one specifically for the patient rooms and one for the public areas. and they came back to us with nine strategies for designing the exterior wall of the patient rooms to maximize the amount of daylighting that we could get and the study was fantastic, ' cause it showed that they could save almost $ 6, 500 a year in electricity savings just by utilizing some of these strategies alone. i think the biggest strategy we used was separating out the daylighting window from the view window. we like to have windows to be able to get the visual relief of seeing outside — a little bit of a relief to our system, a little bit of relief to our eye ; certainly the relief of chronic stress in the workplace, but we also


. we like to have windows to be able to get the visual relief of seeing outside — a little bit of a relief to our system, a little bit of relief to our eye ; certainly the relief of chronic stress in the workplace, but we also need to think about the quality of light. to get the light into the patient room, you only need the top portion of the window, which is above six feet to the underside of the ceiling. you can see that we ' ve divided the patient room window up into to the daylighting window and the view window, so the daylighting window glazing specification allows more light into the room and the view window has a higher performance glass that lets less light into the window and reduces glare for the patient and the visitors. daylighting is also central to the energy efficiency strategy of the dell children ' s medical center of central texas. the way we planned mechanical units, where we chose to have glass and glazing versus where we chose not to in terms of orienting it to the sun. it ' s a totally integrated system of technology and just good old - fashioned design. the biggest impact on the space layout was the decision to add courtyards to the building. they were originally driven by the desire to get daylighting. the building has four different types of windows in it, depending on whether they are facing north, south, east or west. we did computer models of what the ambient exterior light would look like from dawn to dusk, seven days a week, all four seasons of the year and arranged the lighting system in the building to accommodate that, so that we can save energy. scientific studies have shown that the exterior views that can accompany daylighting have a profound impact on patient healing. all life, including human life, was evolved under a sunrise and sunset, and the spectrum of that was natural blue light coming in the morning and sunset with no blue light and only some red and orange in the evening. our genes were all developed for that. you need to have the proper lighting in the morning for the alertness because that makes serotonin, dopamine, and cortisol, and that turns on the immune system that gets rid of infections, that gets rid of bacteria, that helps fight viruses. but at night, if you have the blue light, you ' re interfering with the immune system by interfering with the production of melatonin, and that isn ' t just a sleep hormone ; it also affects the immune response to prevent cancer. access to light is also critical


you have the blue light, you ' re interfering with the immune system by interfering with the production of melatonin, and that isn ' t just a sleep hormone ; it also affects the immune response to prevent cancer. access to light is also critical to hospital workers, a fact that affects the bottom line at health care facilities because of the importance of employee retention and the high cost of replacing key staff. in critical task spaces, we ' re really concerned about, one : they get view, but two : the quality of light is one that doesn ' t provide a lot of glare and provides at least a minimum level of illumination for ambient tasks within a space, which usually means diffuse light. we ' ve realized in the last 10 years that our eyes are more than just for vision. they also capture daylight on a physiological level through a photo - biological receptor that captures light ; light during the day and it ' s just as important for these hormonal cascades to have dark at night. this has a big implication in our health care environments. for the staff who potentially will go in in the morning in the dark, come home at night in the dark — 12 - hour shifts with no light during the day. so that has ramifications on our built environment in the hospital setting to create spaces for staff that allow daylight into their work areas. my favorite thing about this facility is that you can ' t be farther than, i don ' t know what the exact number is, but 30 - 40 feet from an open courtyard or light streaming in. if the staff is working at night, they are going to suffer from certain shift - work problems. but if you can have natural lighting during the day, and the natural darkness in the evening, then when they go home, they ' ll be able to sleep. daylighting, part of a comprehensive energy strategy that benefits patients, staff, and the bottom line of today ' s hospitals.


racial double standards in uncle tom ' s cabin by catherine mountcastle when harriet beecher stowe published her novel uncle tom ’ s cabin in 1852, she gained instant notoriety. her novel helped spread the reality of the cruelties and injustices of the american slavery system nationwide and eventually across the globe. however, mrs. stowe was not without critics. shortly after the release of uncle tom ’ s cabin, william lloyd garrison, a famous abolitionist and founder of the liberator published a scathing review of stowe ’ s novel arguing that her stance on slavery was a double standard. stowe ’ s novel clearly does contain racial double standards ; however, this attributed to the novels popularity amid a northern white audience in the mid - nineteenth century. william lloyd garrison was a well known abolitionist. his review of stowe ’ s novel may have seemed shocking at the time of its publication since both he and stowe were abolitionists. however, his accusations of racial double standards throughout uncle tom ’ s cabin are not far fetched. one of stowe ’ s main criticisms throughout uncle tom ’ s cabin is that slavery is unjust to slaves. she finds slavery to be an evil which should be eliminated form american society. she obligates blacks to end their own enslavement. her opinion on how blacks should end their enslavement is extremely passive. she advocates that blacks should remain obedient and subservient to their masters while remaining pious and faithful to god. in the end, blacks will gain a greater freedom than the physical world has to offer them. by having faith in god and refusing to act out violently against their masters despite the hardships that they may have to endure, they will eventually be rewarded with eternal salvation. stowe embodies these ideas in the character of tom. throughout stowe ’ s novel, tom places his faith in the lord an accepts his fate no matter what happens. an excellent example of tom ’ s unrelenting faith in the lord and his refusal to act out violently against his master is his struggle with simon legree. legree is an evil man and an extremely cruel master. however, no matter what he is threatened with tom never physically fights back against legree. this is demonstrated in uncle tom ’ s cabin prior to tom ’ s first beating. tom says : mas ’ r if you mean to kill me, kill me ; but as to raising my hand agin any one here, i shall never, - - i ’ ll die first! no! no!


tom ’ s first beating. tom says : mas ’ r if you mean to kill me, kill me ; but as to raising my hand agin any one here, i shall never, - - i ’ ll die first! no! no! no! my soul an ’ t yours, mas ’ r! ye can ’ t buy it! it ’ s been bought and paid for, by one that is able to keep it ; - - no matter, no matter, you can ’ t harm me! ( stowe 508 ). these statements by tom are a clear demonstration of stowe ’ s beliefs, which are expressed throughout the novel. tom is defiant against legree, but it is for the safety of another individual, another one of god ’ s creatures. he never raises a hand in opposition to legree, nor does he resist when legree sends him to be whipped as punishment for his defiance. instead, tom boldly states his faith in the lord, proclaiming that legree may physically take his life, but he will never be able to own tom ’ s soul because his soul belongs to the lord. garrison views stowe ’ s beliefs as a racial double standard. he states his opinion at he very beginning of his review of the novel when he writes, “ we are curious to know whether mrs. stowe is a believer in the duty of non - resistance for the white man, under all possible outrage and peril as well as for the black man ” ( garrison ). in other words, if white people were to be enslaved and treated under the same conditions which black people were in the mid - nineteenth century, would stowe still advocate non - violence and piety as a solution to the problem? he then continues by pointing out that the reason he believes she advocates nonviolence, obedience and piety by slaves are because they are black. i agree with garrisons accusation. i think stowe ’ s beliefs stem primarily from her lack of first hand interaction with southern black slaves. she portrays her characters through the beliefs of a romantic racialist. stowe writes, “ the negro, it must be remembered, is an exotic of the most gorgeous and superb countries of the world, and he has, deep in heart a passion for all that is splendid, rich and fanciful ” ( stowe 253 ). this depiction of “ the negro ” is a perfect demonstration of stowe ’ s use of romantic racialism. she is making a generalization about an entire race. she views black people with


, rich and fanciful ” ( stowe 253 ). this depiction of “ the negro ” is a perfect demonstration of stowe ’ s use of romantic racialism. she is making a generalization about an entire race. she views black people with the same stereotypes as most mid - nineteenth century white americans did. what makes a black person different from a white person other than the color of their skin? it is easy to answer that question from a twenty - first century viewpoint. the answer is nothing. there is no difference between a black person and a white person except for the outside skin color. we are all human which means that blacks have the same mental capacity, same emotions same everything. however, in the ante - bellum time period the answer to the above question was much more difficult, because people truly believed that blacks were different from whites not only physically, but that they were inferior in intellect, morals, and maturity. i think that because stowe was a white northern woman with little one - on - one contact between herself and southern slaves, she subconsciously prescribed to general stereotypes about black people and wrote them into her characters. garrison not only highlights that stowe ’ s romantic racial beliefs “ is everywhere taken for granted, because the victims are black ” ( garrison ), but he also argues against her religious stance when he asks : is there one law of submission and non - resistance for the black man, and another law of rebellion and conflict for the white man? when it is the whites who are trodden in the dust, does christ justify them in taking up arms to vindicate their rights? and when it is blacks who are thus threatened, does christ require them to be patient, harmless, long - suffering, and forgiving? and are there two christs? ( garrison ) garrison is addressing a main conflict which is present in uncle tom ’ s cabin. if god / christ are supposed to be just and fair, how can they make one group of people ” superior ” to another? this issue is clearly addressed in uncle tom ’ s cabin when marie st. clare is waiting for tom to prepare the horses in order attend church. during this scene in the novel, stowe delves into mrs. st. clares thoughts and shares them with her audience. she writes : perhaps as god chasteneth whom he loveth, he hath chosen poor africa in the furnace of affection to make her the highest and noblest in that kingdom which he will set up, then every other kingdom has been tried, and


writes : perhaps as god chasteneth whom he loveth, he hath chosen poor africa in the furnace of affection to make her the highest and noblest in that kingdom which he will set up, then every other kingdom has been tried, and failed ; for the first shall be the last and the last first ( stowe 275 ). marie is rationalizing the fate of slaves by pondering whether or not god had a greater purpose for them. religion is a conflicting struggle throughout the novel as certain characters embrace it and other characters reject it. garrison brings up the issue of religion in uncle tom ’ s cabin because it seems hypocritical to say that slaves must behave and worship the lord when in return for their piety they are beaten. however, it is okay for white people to beat a fellow human being, because they are white and the other is black. how can god allow that? i think it is very interesting how garrison places religion and violence together in his statement. it is very fitting when you apply it to the american revolution. it was okay for us as white colonialists to fight against the british monarchy for our independence and for our religious freedom. however, stowe seems to think that it is not okay for blacks to fight against whites in order to gain their independence and religious freedom. this is extremely hypocritical. while i do agree with garrison ’ s arguments that uncle tom ’ s cabin is based on racial double standards, i think stowe was very meticulous in how she presented her concepts to her white northern audience. in order for stowe to get her message out to people, she had to create a novel that people would want to read. to do this, she had to make the issue of slavery palatable to her readers. stowe had to prescribe to romantically racial concepts in order to not offend her audience. stowes use of romantic radicalism worked. her novel became a success across the world. however, the usage of romantic racialism in turn created racial double standards throughout the novel. william lloyd garrison ’ s complaint of racial double standards in uncle tom ’ s cabin is a valid argument. i agree that mrs. harriet beecher stowe upholds a different set of morals for white people as compared to black people. however, i believe that this dichotomy of values for blacks versus whites is a result of the author ’ s desire to appeal to an audience in order to have her opinions voiced to the public and make them aware of the cruel


helping teachers improve math and science achievement according to the teaching commission ' s report teaching at risk : a call to action, the u. s. job market is so scientifically and technologically based that math and science knowledge is critical for the health of our economy. 17 while science and technology advance at lightning speed, stagnant math and science performance in schools shortchanges our students ' future and endangers our prosperity and our nation ' s security. improving math and science instruction around the nation no child left behind supports the belief that developing teachers ' knowledge and skills in math and science will contribute substantially to the goal of improving student learning, and that students will perform better on assessments of math and science if their teachers have in - depth knowledge of the subjects they teach. in the united states, the professional preparation programs for many teachers at the elementary, middle school and high school levels include very little math and science. only 43 percent of middle school students take science from teachers who have a major in science and are certified to teach science. 18 no child left behind requires that federal funds go only to those programs that are backed by evidence of their effectiveness. over the last decade, researchers have scientifically proven the best ways to teach reading. we must do the same in math. we must work toward using research - based teaching methods. how well did students perform in 2003? 19 the figures to the right show that 32 percent of fourth - graders and 29 percent of eight - graders performed at or above the proficient level in 2003. the percentages of students performing at or above basic in 2003 were 77 percent at grade 4 and 68 percent at grade 8. note : detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. source : u. s. department of education, institute of education sciences, national center for education statistics, national assessment of educational progress ( naep ), 2003 mathematics assessment. no child left behind creates math and science partnerships to rally every sector of society to work with schools to increase math and science excellence the mathematics and science partnership ( msp ) program is the signature program for improving math and science education in no child left behind. this program provides funding to every state in the nation on a formula - grant basis to support high - quality professional development for math and science teachers. each state is required to conduct a competitive grant program to support projects that are partnerships among science, engineering, and mathematics, and other high - tech departments at institutions of higher education, high - need school districts, and other interested organizations, with the purpose of enhancing the content


bob henson | july 2, 2012 • with a ferocity to match the record heat it displaced, a thunderstorm complex raced from illinois to the delaware coast in a mere 12 hours on friday evening, june 29. it knocked down countless trees and power lines, with wind gusts topping 80 miles per hour in many spots. it threw millions of people into turmoil, with air conditioners, computers, and phones out for days. and it brought to light a weather word du jour with an obscure but intriguing history. this storm complex was a derecho ( pronounced deh - rey - cho ). it ’ s a phenomenon too infrequent to be familiar, but too dangerous to be ignored. a derecho is akin to the gust fronts we commonly experience when a thunderstorm arrives, except it plays out in far more spectacular fashion. while the high winds of a tornado or hurricane spin around powerful, circular updrafts, a derecho ’ s wind consists of rain - cooled air that descends and plows into very warm, unstable air. most such downbursts only span a few miles and last a few minutes, but sometimes the atmosphere is primed for this process to intensify in a repetitive fashion. in that case, the winds generate new thunderstorm updrafts as they push forward, and in turn, this creates more rain - fueled downdrafts. if there ’ s a brisk jet stream adding momentum to the successive downdrafts, then a derecho can race forward at interstate speeds along a track that ’ s almost bullet - straight, often traversing several states in a single day or night. most parts of the united states east of the rockies experience a derecho about every year or two. they ’ re typically strongest and most common in two areas : the corn belt of the midwest ( where the june 29 event began ) and the ozark mountain region, centered on southwest missouri and northwest arkansas. derechos favor the months of may, june, and july, when rain - cooled downdrafts can slam into extremely warm, moist air. that was certainly the case this time, as much of the ohio valley and mid - atlantic were experiencing one of the hottest early - summer days in their weather history. the derecho lashed the washington area just hours after reagan national airport hit 104°f, which was two degrees above the city ’ s previous june record. while they don ’ t hold a candle to the worst tornadoes, derechos


history. the derecho lashed the washington area just hours after reagan national airport hit 104°f, which was two degrees above the city ’ s previous june record. while they don ’ t hold a candle to the worst tornadoes, derechos can easily inflict damage comparable to an ef1 twister on the enhanced fujita scale, and their havoc is wreaked over a much larger area. in many parts of the central or eastern u. s., a wind gust of 100 mph ( 161 kph ) is more likely to come from a derecho than a tornado. virginia governor bob mcdonnell said the june 29 damage was his state ’ s most extensive for any single weather event outside of a hurricane. the derecho ’ s name helps illuminate the meteorology behind it. in spanish, derecho has several meanings, including “ straight. ” the word was plucked by iowa scientist gustavo hinrichs in 1883 to describe a type of thunderstorm - related wind he dubbed “ the straight blow of the prairies. ” he may well have intended a direct contrast to tornadoes, whose spanish root tornar means “ to turn. ” hinrichs discussed derechos in an 1888 article for the now - defunct american meteorological journal, accurately describing several aspects of the phenomenon based on an iowa example. but after shifts in u. s. meteorology put a damper on severe weather research, the term languished in the meteorological dustbin for nearly a century, until it was revived in a 1987 paper by robert johns and william hirt. ( here ’ s an essay ( pdf ) by johns on the origin and use of the term. ) after that, the term quickly caught on among meteorologists, although it ’ s only now entering more general use — a trend that might accelerate with coverage of the june 29 event. by modern forecasting standards, the derecho in d. c. came as a relative surprise. residents did get several hours of notice that wild weather was possible, thanks to a severe thunderstorm watch. and the arrival of the derecho itself was well warned. but less than 24 hours earlier, it wasn ’ t obvious that such a destructive event was in the cards for the washington area. on friday morning, the new york times ’ national forecast called for thunderstorms from south dakota and nebraska to maine and massachusetts, with most producing little rain ; the mid - atlantic outlook focused on the heat risk. at noaa ’ s storm prediction center ( sp


, the new york times ’ national forecast called for thunderstorms from south dakota and nebraska to maine and massachusetts, with most producing little rain ; the mid - atlantic outlook focused on the heat risk. at noaa ’ s storm prediction center ( spc ), the initial severe weather outlook for june 29, issued around 2 a. m. edt, did not include maryland or virginia in its primary risk area for the day, and the odds of high wind in those states were pegged at less than 5 %. by morning, though, the signals were starting to come together in data from radiosondes ( weather balloons ) and forecasts from weather models, which increasingly pointed toward a storm complex moving from the midwest toward the appalachians. derechos seldom cross the appalachians intact, which keeps d. c. - area forecasters cautious about forecasting such a leap. indeed, a storm complex that produced 80 to 90 mph winds in chicago on sunday, 1 july, fizzled en route. but on june 29, the extreme warmth and depth of the air mass, plus energy from the jet stream, kept the derecho powerful all the way to the atlantic ocean. by 2 : 30 p. m. edt, the fast - moving storms had already produced a 91 - mph ( 147 - kph ) wind gust in indiana. spc raised the risk of damaging winds in the d. c. area and noted that “ the system may continue to the coast. ” over the last few weeks, ncar ’ s advanced research version of the weather research and forecasting model ( dubbed arw ) has been producing detailed forecasts twice daily, in part to support a study of thunderstorms and air chemistry in colorado, oklahoma, and arizona called dc3. these forecasts track the atmosphere at horizontal points separated by only 3 kilometers ( 1. 9 miles ), which is a sharp enough resolution to capture many aspects of a given day ’ s thunderstorm action. the arw outlook produced with data from 8 : 00 a. m. edt captured the genesis of the derecho across illinois and its rampage toward d. c. later that day. the model indicated a few pockets of surface wind of at least 35 meters per second ( 78 mph ) along the derecho ' s path. ( see map at left. ) given its toll of damage and disruption — possibly the largest from a derecho in u. s. history — it ’ s tempting to call this event a super derecho