within minutes all the alert sites came under attack and were inoperative for 24 hours. “ i had to use e - mail to send notices but i couldn ’ t reach everyone. whoever made the worm had a full day to eliminate all traces of the worm that might lead us them, ” eric byres, a computer security expert who has examined the stuxnet. “ no hacker could have done that. ” experts, including inspectors from the international atomic energy agency ( iaea, ) say that, despite iran ' s claims to the contrary, the worm was successful in its goal : causing confusion among iran ’ s nuclear engineers and disabling their nuclear program. because of the secrecy surrounding the iranian program, no one can be certain of the full extent of the damage. but sources inside iran and elsewhere say that the iranian centrifuge program has been operating far below its capacity and that the uranium enrichment program had “ stagnated ” during the time the worm penetrated the underground facility. only 4, 000 of the 9, 000 centrifuges iran was known to have were put into use. some suspect that is because of the critical need to replace ones that were damaged. and the limited number of those in use dwindled to an estimated 3, 700 as problems engulfed their operation. iaea inspectors say the sabotage better explains the slowness of the program, which they had earlier attributed to poor equipment manufacturing and management problems. as iranians struggled with the setbacks, they began searching for signs of sabotage. from inside iran there have been unconfirmed reports that the head of the plant was fired shortly after the worm wended its way into the system and began creating technical problems, and that some scientists who were suspected of espionage disappeared or were executed. and counter intelligence agents began monitoring all communications between scientists at the site, creating a climate of fear and paranoia. iran has adamantly stated that its nuclear program has not been hit by the bug. but in doing so it has backhandedly confirmed that its nuclear facilities were compromised. when hamid alipour, head of the nation ’ s information technology company, announced in september that 30, 000 iranian computers had been hit by the worm but the nuclear facilities were safe, he added that among those hit were the personal computers of the scientists at the nuclear facilities. experts say that natanz and bushehr could not have escaped the worm if it was in their engineers ’ computers. “ we brought it into our lab to study it and even with precautions it spread everywhere at incredible


scientists at the nuclear facilities. experts say that natanz and bushehr could not have escaped the worm if it was in their engineers ’ computers. “ we brought it into our lab to study it and even with precautions it spread everywhere at incredible speed, ” byres said. “ the worm was designed not to destroy the plants but to make them ineffective. by changing the rotation speeds, the bearings quickly wear out and the equipment has to be replaced and repaired. the speed changes also impact the quality of the uranium processed in the centrifuges creating technical problems that make the plant ineffective, ” he explained. in other words the worm was designed to allow the iranian program to continue but never succeed, and never to know why. one additional impact that can be attributed to the worm, according to david albright of the institute for science and international studies, is that “ the lives of the scientists working in the facility have become a living hell because of counter - intelligence agents brought into the plant ” to battle the breach. ironically, even after its discovery, the worm has succeeded in slowing down iran ' s reputed effort to build an atomic weapon. and langer says that the efforts by the iranians to cleanse stuxnet from their system “ will probably take another year to complete, ” and during that time the plant will not be able to function anywhere normally. but as the extent of the worm ’ s capabilities is being understood, its genius and complexity has created another perplexing question : who did it? speculation on the worm ’ s origin initially focused on hackers or even companies trying to disrupt competitors. but as engineers tore apart the virus they learned not only the depth of the code, its complex targeting mechanism, ( despite infecting more than 100, 000 computers it has only done damage at natanz, ) the enormous amount of work that went into it — microsoft estimated that it consumed 10, 000 man days of labor - - and about what the worm knew, the clues narrowed the number of players that have the capabilities to create it to a handful. “ this is what nation - states build, if their only other option would be to go to war, ” joseph wouk, an israeli security expert wrote. byres is more certain. “ it is a military weapon, ” he said. and much of what the worm “ knew ” could only have come from a consortium of western intelligence agencies, experts who have examined the code now believe. originally, all eyes turned toward israel ’ s intelligence agencies. engineers examining


weapon, ” he said. and much of what the worm “ knew ” could only have come from a consortium of western intelligence agencies, experts who have examined the code now believe. originally, all eyes turned toward israel ’ s intelligence agencies. engineers examining the worm found “ clues ” that hinted at israel ’ s involvement. in one case they found the word “ myrtus ” embedded in the code and argued that it was a reference to esther, the biblical figure who saved the ancient jewish state from the persians. but computer experts say " myrtus " is more likely a common reference to “ my rtus, ” or remote terminal units. langer argues that no single western intelligence agency had the skills to pull this off alone. the most likely answer, he says, is that a consortium of intelligence agencies worked together to build the cyber bomb. and he says the most likely confederates are the united states, because it has the technical skills to make the virus, germany, because reverse - engineering siemen ’ s product would have taken years without it, and russia, because of its familiarity with both the iranian nuclear plant and siemen ’ s systems. there is one clue that was left in the code that may tell us all we need to know. embedded in different section of the code is another common computer language reference, but this one is misspelled. instead of saying “ deadfoot, ” a term stolen from pilots meaning a failed engine, this one reads “ deadfoo7. ” yes, oo7 has returned - - as a computer worm. stuxnet. shaken, not stirred.


- free banking - http : / / www. freebanking. org - free banking and monetary calculation posted by steve horwitz on june 16, 2012 @ 3 : 39 pm in uncategorized | 14 comments in my freeman column this week, i discussed the importance of monetary calculation in enabling entrepreneurs to know both what to produce and how to produce it. the ability to make use of money prices to formulate a forward - looking budget and to calculate backward - looking profits / losses is crucial to entrepreneurial planning and the learning process of the market. in that piece i didn ' t have the space to make an additional point that i ' d like to note here. for monetary calculation to be maximally effective, the monetary system matters. specifically, the more sound that money is, the more reliable is monetary calculation. this is a point that mises made in this 1920 article about economic calculation in the socialist commonwealth and one i developed in a hope paper in 1998. in an economy subject to periodic inflation and deflation, the reliability of money prices is reduced, and what we might call the " epistemic burden " on entrepreneurs is increased as they have to sort out whether a given price change is due to real or nominal factors. where money is sound, price movements carry a less ambiguous message. they still require interpretation, but with one less major complicating factor than under inflation or deflation. given that different monetary regimes will be more or less likely to avoid inflation and deflation, the monetary system matters for the effectiveness of monetary calculation. if free banking is better than the alternatives at avoiding monetary disequilibria, then it is also better at creating a sound environment for monetary calculation. and, if so, it will be better at promoting economic growth. many of these ideas are at the core of my microfoundations and macroeconomics : an austrian perspective, which if you haven ' t read, you should! article printed from free banking : http : / / www. freebanking. org url to article : http : / / www. freebanking. org / 2012 / 06 / 16 / free - banking - and - monetary - calculation / urls in this post : my freeman column : http : / / www. thefreemanonline. org / headline / looking - forward - backward / hope paper : http : / / myslu. stlawu. edu / ~ shorwitz / papers / mises _ hope _ 1998. pdf microfounda


rocky mountain research station publications rmrs online publication - journal articles, external publications, and special reports trace gas and particle emissions from domestic and industrial biofuel use and garbage burning in central mexico christian, t. j. ; yokelson, r. j. ; cardenas, b. ; molina, l. t. ; engling, g. ; hsu, s. - c. 2010. trace gas and particle emissions from domestic and industrial biofuel use and garbage burning in central mexico. atmospheric chemistry and physics. 10 : 565 - 584. in central mexico during the spring of 2007 we measured the initial emissions of 12 gases and the aerosol speciation for elemental and organic carbon ( ec, oc ), anhydrosugars, cl -, no - 3, and 20 metals from 10 cooking fires, four garbage fires, three brick making kilns, three charcoal making kilns, and two crop residue fires. global biofuel use has been estimated at over 2600 tg / y. with several simple case studies we show that cooking fires can be a major, or the major, source of several gases and fine particles in developing countries. insulated cook stoves with chimneys were earlier shown to reduce indoor air pollution and the fuel use per cooking task. we confirm that they also reduce the emissions of voc pollutants per mass of fuel burned by about half. we did not detect hcn emissions from cooking fires in mexico or africa. thus, if regional source attribution is based on hcn emissions typical for other types of biomass burning ( bb ), then biofuel use and total bb will be underestimated in much of the developing world. this is also significant because cooking fires are not detected from space. keywords : trace gas, particle emissions, biofuel, mexico about pdfs : for best results, do not open the pdf in your web browser. right - click on the pdf link to download the pdf file directly to your computer. click here for more pdf help. pdf file size : 440 k title : rmrs other publications : trace gas and particle emissions from domestic and industrial biofuel use and garbage burning in central mexico electronic publish date : march 23, 2010 last update : march 23, 2010 rmrs publications | order a publication | contact us


gray wolf ( canis lupus ) wolf tracks vi - a summary of gray wolf activities and issues pdf version ( pdf 750 kb ; 6 pages ) of the gray wolf reclassification / delisting proposal wolf management plan zone a is roughly the northeastern one - third of the state, and is composed of wolf management zones 1 - 4 described in the 1992, u. s. fish and wildlife service recovery plan for the eastern timber wolf. about 85 percent of minnesota ' s wolves live in zone a. zone b is the rest of the state, and is federal wolf management zone 5. under the minnesota plan anyone would be allowed to kill or injure a wolf in defense of human life, just as can be done now while wolves remain protected by the act. the plan would allow wolves to be harassed, but not killed or injured, if they are within 500 yards of people, buildings, or domestic animals. this non - injurious harassment would be allowed in both wolf management zones. statewide, owners of domestic animals would also be allowed to kill wolves if the wolf is in the act of stalking, attacking, or killing the domestic animal. in the case of a wolf attacking a pet, the pet must have been under the supervision of the owner, not free - roaming, in order for this provision to apply. in both zones, the dnr can open " depredation control areas " where wolf depredation on domestic animals is a verified problem. these areas would extend outward for one mile from a verified depredation site. the triggers for opening the depredation control areas, and the duration of the resulting depredation control actions by state - certified predator controllers, vary between the two zones. in zone a depredation control areas can be opened only for 60 days immediately following a depredation incident. in zone b they can be opened annually for up to 214 days if there was a verified wolf depredation anytime within the previous 5 years. finally, in zone b wolves can be taken by a landowner ( or by the owner ' s agent ) on his / her land at any time to protect domestic animals. the wolf does not have to represent an immediate threat to domestic animals or humans prior to being killed under this provision of the plan. additionally, a state - certified predator controller can be hired to trap wolves at other locations within one mile of such lands, with the permission of the landowner. the plan also establishes additional state penalties for illegal wolf killing, enacts a 5 - year delay on public


state - certified predator controller can be hired to trap wolves at other locations within one mile of such lands, with the permission of the landowner. the plan also establishes additional state penalties for illegal wolf killing, enacts a 5 - year delay on public hunting or trapping seasons, and establishes a minimum population goal of 1, 600 wolves. state compensation for livestock killed by wolves was increased ( effective in july of 2001 ) to the full market value of the animals. the plan also calls for a statewide estimate of wolf numbers in the first and fifth years after federal delisting. subsequent to delisting, similar estimates would be made every 5 years. the service is evaluating the dnr plan to determine if it will ensure the long - term survival of wolves in minnesota. as part of the service ' s evaluation we have asked the eastern timber wolf recovery team to review the plan. they are compiling comments and recommendations to provide to us and the dnr. the dnr developed this management plan in preparation for federal delisting, but it will not be implemented until after the gray wolf is removed from the protections of the act ( wolves are currently listed as federally threatened in minnesota ). if the plan is found to assure the long - term viability of wolves in the state, all of the recovery criteria from the eastern timber wolf recovery plan will have been met. at that point, we expect to prepare a proposal to delist the gray wolf in the western ( and adjacent ) great lakes states. for more information on the minnesota wolf management plan, visit the dnr ' s website at http : / / www. dnr. state. mn. us / or call 888 - minndnr. a copy of the complete plan and our summary are available at http : / / www. fws. gov / midwest / wolf / wgl / mn - plnsum. htm or by calling the gray wolf information line at 612 - 713 - 7337. how many wild wolves are there in each state? mountain wolf update if the wolf population remains at or above 30 breeding pairs in 2001 and 2002, the numerical recovery goal will be met on december 31, 2002. if, at that time, the other provisions required for delisting are met, primarily the development of state wolf management plans that would reasonably assure that the gray wolf would not become threatened or endangered again, we would propose delisting the rocky mountain population. the delisting process, including extensive public involvement, could be proposed as soon as 2003. the


wolf management plans that would reasonably assure that the gray wolf would not become threatened or endangered again, we would propose delisting the rocky mountain population. the delisting process, including extensive public involvement, could be proposed as soon as 2003. the rocky mountain wolf recovery 2000 annual report is available on - line at http : / / www. r6. fws. gov / wolf / annualrpt00 / or by contacting the helena, montana office ( 406 - 449 - 5225 ). the annual report, a cooperative effort by the u. s. fish and wildlife service, the nez perce tribe, the national park service, and u. s. department of agriculture wildlife services, presents information on the status, distribution, and management of the recovering rocky mountain wolf population from january 1, 2000, through december 31, 2000. the 2001 annual report is expected to be completed in january, 2002. wolves to the northern forest the week culminated with a two day conference, restoring wolves to the northern forest. the conference, cosponsored by the natural resources council of maine, the new hampshire wildlife federation, and the vermont natural resources council, featured national experts on wolf recovery, genetics, and the social and political issues surrounding this controversial topic. nearly 200 people listened to presentations on topics including the ecological niche of wolves in the northern forest, wolf - elk interaction in yellowstone national park, the status of wolf recovery, and the use of citizen groups in recovering predatory species.


gray wolves in the northern rocky mountains from : gray wolf recovery coordinator, helena, mt 9 / 4 / 98 subject : status of gray wolf recovery, weeks of 8 / 22 - 9 / 4, 1998 packs in the yellowstone, central idaho, and nw montana areas appear to be in their normal home ranges. the rose creek pack of 17 was seen standing around a grizzly bear laying on an elk carcass which it probably took from the wolves. brave bear. chief joseph was in the sw corner of th pack. druid was in pelican valley testing bison. the one radioed washakie wolf still can ' t be found and the other is still in the se corner of yellowstone national park. an unradioed black and a gray wolf were seen in the dunoir valley in late september. a service field crew found tracks of 2 - 3 wolves in the area but no radios could be heard. if possible trapping will be attempted to radio a group member. the wolves could be one or both of the uncollared washakie yearlings and / or one or two of the 9 or so missing uncollared yellowstone wolves, or uncollared members of the soda butte and thorofare packs. as time passes more and more wolves will disperse and many of those will be uncollared. public reports of wolves will become important, just as they are in nw montana. in idaho, the ten wolf packs that produced pups are staying in their normal territories. trapping by service field crews in nw montana placed a radio on an adult male wolf and an adult female wolf in the newly located pack between the pleasant valley and murphy lake packs. the newly confirmed pack consists of several adults and this year ' s pups. it has been named the little wolf creek pack. observations by agency biologists and the public indicate there may be several wolves in the idaho panhandle, north of the experimental area. up to 3 black wolves have been repeatedly seen. the service ' s mt field crew will investigate as soon as they are able. service, wildlife services and blackfeet tribal biologists were unable to locate any wolves in the area of suspected depredations on blackfeet tribal lands. to date no other problems have been reported. wolves from the moyer pack killed several calves in the area west of salmon. five ewes were killed by a pair of wolves ( the adult male is uncollared ) with 9 pups south of stanley idaho. control was attempted but the wolves


from the moyer pack killed several calves in the area west of salmon. five ewes were killed by a pair of wolves ( the adult male is uncollared ) with 9 pups south of stanley idaho. control was attempted but the wolves were constantly moving making capture difficult. at this point in time, other control efforts such as livestock guard animals or aversive conditioning are being evaluated as possible solutions. on 8 / 19 a black wolf reportedly had a calf cornered before a rancher drove her off near red rocks lake refuge. a flight was done next morning and female black wolf number # 67 from the nez perce area was found north of red rocks lake refuge in montana. she was chasing a calf when located on 8 / 22. she was then killed because of several previous depredations and so she would not lead other pack members to this area. apparently her 1998 pups are being cared for by other nez perce pack members. they have moved even farther into the interior of the park. no livestock depredations were located so she apparently had not killed anymore livestock. wildlife service ( graham mcdougal in particular ) deserves credit for immediately reporting the sightings and quickly responding to the service ' s request to resolve the issue as had been promised to local residents. nothing new to report. please help with wolf monitoring efforts by reporting suspected wolf observations. reclassification, and the resulting increased management flexibility that would result from a threatened status depends upon the number of documented breeding pairs. please report wolf sightings asap. thanks!! nez perce project biologists made presentations at the challis stewardship meeting in challis, and the sawtooth wildlife council at the red fish lodge in stanley. bangs gave a presentation to about 50 biologists with the wildlife division of montana department of fish wildlife and parks in kalispell on the 11th. on the 3rd, bangs participated in a workshop on governance and natural resources : new models for the 21st century. the northern rockies conservation cooperative conducted the workshop which looked at several case studies, including wolf management. the service ' s two wolf biologists positions in lander, wy have closed. because of the volume of applications, selections will likely not be made until november 1998. the two helena, montana positions, gs - 9 biologist and gs - 7 technician should be advertised by the week of september 8th. separate applications must be submitted for jobs in mt. information will be mailed to those who inquired about the wy jobs. bangs, fontaine ( usf


gs - 9 biologist and gs - 7 technician should be advertised by the week of september 8th. separate applications must be submitted for jobs in mt. information will be mailed to those who inquired about the wy jobs. bangs, fontaine ( usfws ), and ( usda, ws ) niemeyer, r. phillips, and m. nelson and countless attorneys were in casper, wy for the diamond g ranch court hearing on august 25. the case still wasn ' t completed and final oral agruments will be heard september 9th. a decision is expected shortly thereafter. bangs and niemeyer travelled to dubois on the 26th to look over the area so a field crew could be most effective. they drove down long creek road but it had just rained and the closed forest service road was too muddy to use. a field crew was send to the area on sept 1. they found sign of 2 - 3 wolves ( no radioed wolves are in the area ) and if a promising area can be located trapping and radio - collaring will be attempted. bangs gave a presentations at the seattle zoo / rei on sept. 21st and the national assoc. of zoo docents on the 22nd. about 350 people attended. niemeyer and bangs gave presentations in yellowstone on the 28th to a defnders of wildlife group. the service ' s weekly wolf report can now be viewed at the service ' s region 6 web site at http : / / www. r6. fws. gov / wolf in addition to the regular distribution. contact : ed bangs ( 406 ) 449 - 5225 x204 or internet - ed _ bangs @ fws. gov contact us : westerngraywolf @ fws. gov


the activities in the gaps related to area of assitive technologies are focused on the development of software ( applications ) and hardware ( devices and gadgets ) which could be useful for assisting teachers related to special education. in order to get our objectives we have the valuable advise of several specialized centers as : if you are interested in our work or you want to collaborate with us, please, contact with luis hernandez gomez in our research group we have been developing an educational application called " aprendiendo " ( " learning " in spanish ). this application was implemented with the advising of colegio publico de educacion especial infanta elena de madrid and thanks to the work of several students through their master thesis projects. currently we are preparing different researches and evaluations about this application. our objective is find out the benefits that " aprendiendo " could have in the learning process of the children. for knowing more detaisl about this project you could read this article ( in spanish ) " aprendiendo ” : uso de la tecnologia de agentes conversacionales personificados en el ambito de la educacion especial which was presented in the simposio nacional de tecnologias de la informacion y las comunicaciones en la educacion in 2007. if you are interested in and you don ' t know spanish, please, contact with us. - building of push buttons ( in spanish ) : - push button and connection box : pdf - how to build a switchboard pdf


| ‘ life in 1810 ’ is topic of program offered at county museum on september 8 | | written by george browning | | tuesday, 04 september 2012 00 : 00 | a veteran speaker and re - enactor will bring to life one of his favorite topics, “ pioneer life in 1810, ” at the scott county heritage center and museum on saturday, september 8. the free event at 2 p. m. that day is offered as part of pigeon roost remembered day, an observance of the 200th anniversary of the pigeon roost massacre in which 24 men, women and children were killed by indians on september 3, 1812. kevin stonerock has brought history to life for thousands of children, young people and adults. his living history program will be performed in authentic period clothing in the first - person style. his “ hoosier pioneer ” is a character compiled from several different historical accounts of the period from 1770 to 1810. it centers around the life of andrew amonett, a frontiersman of the indiana territory. complete with tall tales, stonerock ’ s presentation deals with various aspects of frontier life and dangers faced in the indiana territory just before the start of the war of 1812. topics include trapping, militia service, indian affairs, tools, weapons and frontier clothing. stonerock has performed for 30 years and presented over 3, 500 programs. he wrote, directed and performed in “ plum creek anthology, ” which is presented annually in vevay. there is no charge for attending his program at the museum. visitors are asked to bring lawn chairs to enjoy the performance in comfort on the museum ’ s front steps.


higher volumetric productivity is contributing to smaller scale manufacturing. in addition, noted whitford, volume demand is decreasing, with emerging products such as personalized medicines with companion diagnostics targeted to screened populations, and cancer vaccines generally required in substantially smaller amounts. another trend described by whitford is “ scaling out ” instead of scaling up, also known as distributed manufacturing. instead of running one 10, 000 l batch, a company might opt to run five 2, 000 l reactors in parallel. among values inherent in this flexibility, this minimizes the potential loss if one batch were to become contaminated or unusable for some other reason. single - use systems also simplify geographic distribution of manufacturing capacity. to duplicate a facility in another location would require only purchase of the same devices and transfer of the process, whether to an adjacent building or another country. manufacturers of single - use devices are pursuing r & d to create new, cleaner materials for single - use products and new ways of producing these materials. for example, paul killian, ph. d., senior scientist at emd millipore, described research under way on new methods for sterilizing single - use materials that would reduce the amount of leachables created. at present, most single - use systems are gamma - irradiated, a process that generates small oxygenated compounds that contribute to the leachables load. raising the ceiling for “ large - scale ” processing in single - use bioreactors from 1, 000 l vessels to the new generation of 2, 000 l vessels has expanded the utility of single - use systems for commercial - scale batch production. sartorius stedim biotech plans to introduce a 2, 000 l scale single - use bioreactor in 2013. davy de wilde, director of marketing for fermentation technologies for the company does not anticipate any volume increase beyond that. “ improved cell strains, media, and process conditions have led over the past years to a significant increase in product yields per volume, ” he says. “ this enables the industry today to reach their required product volumes already at 1, 000 l or 2, 000 l scale, while previously required bioreactor volumes were up to five times higher. ” this is helping to drive uptake of single - use systems overall, according to alison rees - manley, fermentation application specialist at sartorius stedim biotech. other factors contributing to the increase in adoption of single - use bioreactors, in de wilde ’ s view, are reduced cost


overall, according to alison rees - manley, fermentation application specialist at sartorius stedim biotech. other factors contributing to the increase in adoption of single - use bioreactors, in de wilde ’ s view, are reduced cost of ownership and increased flexibility, thus allowing users to switch more easily between processes and to increase capacity rapidly due to reduced lead times and utility requirements. user needs are a critical driver of technology and product development, and in response sartorius stedim biotech plans to introduce a point - of - use integrity test for single - use bioreactor bags, beginning with a test for its bioreactors up to the 200 l system by the end of 2012 and shortly followed by tests for bags up to 1, 000 l. need for standardization the issues and uncertainty surrounding extractables and leachables from single - use systems remain an ongoing topic of discussion. “ the risks change depending on where the material is used, ” said dr. killian. an overall lack of standardization and regulatory guidance continues to present an obstacle to more rapid adoption of single - use technology. “ the regulatory agencies still put the onus on drug companies to demonstrate that there is no or low risk to the patients, ” continued dr. killian. with increased use, confidence in the materials is growing among biopharmaceuticals producers. as the industry has matured, companies have used their experience to modify their approach to performing extractables and leachables studies and evaluating the data. for example, whereas before companies might have carried out leachable studies across all single - use devices — an expensive and challenging task — now they might take an extractables - to - leachables approach in which they would perform leachable studies only on devices identified as high - risk, explained dr. killian. similarly, they may be able to limit the scope of the studies required by comparing the results of some initial tests to established standards and use these quick evaluations to define what areas require more extensive data collection and analysis. downstream adoption is looking up unlike for the single - use bag systems developed for upstream buffer preparation, mixing, and storage, and designed to replace conventional glass and stainless steel bioreactors and fermentors, when it comes to downstream processing systems, “ single - use ” may not mean intended for disposal after a single run. “ we like to call it ‘ single - use, batch - dedicated, ’ or ‘ single - batch, ’ ” explained makowiecki. “ prep


systems, “ single - use ” may not mean intended for disposal after a single run. “ we like to call it ‘ single - use, batch - dedicated, ’ or ‘ single - batch, ’ ” explained makowiecki. “ prepacked does not mean single - use, ” emphasized paul lynch, production manager for life technologies ' prepacked poros® chromatography resins. the main advantage of prepacked columns is time savings, as they are ready to be dropped into a process without the need for validation. “ they save about 80 % of the set - up time, ” lynch said, as well as the associated overhead of personnel needed to pack and validate the column. at the june conference in san francisco, richard garretson, business development manager at life technologies, led a workshop in which he described the advantages of the company ’ s gopure™ columns prepacked with poros chromatography resins. garretson compared prepacked columns to disposable membrane absorbers, which can be used in place of anion exchange chromatography, for flow - through polishing of monoclonal antibody preparations to remove dna, viruses, and host - cell proteins. the high mass transfer capability of the poros prepacked resin allows for high flow rates, short bed lengths, and small column sizes. “ the resin has the same sort of mass transfer profile as a membrane absorber, ” said garretson. once users have selected the ideal column bed length for the separation they want to achieve, they can then increase or decrease the diameter of the column as desired for scale - up or scale - down, garretson explained. in contrast, scale - down — for process modeling, process characterization, and viral clearance studies, for example — is “ problematic with filters, ” he added, due to more limited availability of membrane sizes. in terms of single - use capability, the prepacked chromatography resin, like a traditional self - packed column, can be re - used multiple times or replaced after a single use. it would typically be used for a single production campaign. in contrast, a functionalized filter is a consummable product intended to be disposed of after one use. producing relatively small drug batches or material for toxicology studies or clinical trials can mean switching product streams, and thus chromatography columns, more frequently. in this scenario, the use of prepacked columns can save time and money, contend


producing relatively small drug batches or material for toxicology studies or clinical trials can mean switching product streams, and thus chromatography columns, more frequently. in this scenario, the use of prepacked columns can save time and money, contended michael killeen, business development manager, ge healthcare. killeen ’ s presentation in san francisco was entitled “ ‘ out of the box ’ thinking for process chromatography. ” the company ’ s readytoprocess™ prepacked columns can be used for multiple runs ; however, the resins cannot be removed and repacked and are intended for use in a single campaign. when combined with ge healthcare ’ s akta™ ready disposable chromatography flow path, there is no need to clean or validate the system before use, pointed out killeen. with flow rates up to 510 l / h, the systems are appropriate for pilot to small batch production. a side - by - side analysis that compares the cost of processing one batch with a prepacked versus traditional column at pilot scale “ can show significant savings, ” added killeen. “ if you can get ten molecules produced instead of eight, ” that is a good value proposition for the customer. ” editor ’ s note : as gen went to press eppendorf north america reported the release of the first single - use vessel to incorporate new brunswick ’ s proprietary packed - bed impeller system. the new brunswick celligen® blu 5l comes pre - loaded with 150 g of fibra - cel® disks.


log in now to add this gigapan to a group gallery. log in now to add this gigapan to a gallery. about this gigapantoggle - taken by - dennis vanengelsdorp - explore score - 0. 14 gigapixels - date added - july 06, 2009 - date taken - june 26, 2009 image by mike andree. annotation by mike andree and dennis vanengelsdorp. this particular gigapan image captures a comb of brood from a diseased honey bee colony in a way not previously available to the general public. for those new to beekeeping, or apprehensive about opening up a hive, this panorama, and others like it, can be used to teach beekeepers disease identification and bee biology. this panorama was taken at a quarantined apiary managed near newport, pennsylvania to study honey bee diseases. the frame depicted in the panorama comes from one of several unhealthy honey bee colonies in that apiary ( red hill apiary ). the diseased hives were donated by a commercial beekeeper based in lewisburg, pennsylvania, who was to donate several of his unhealthiest colonies in late spring so that the colonies could be monitored as they developed over the season. in all, 7 of the 8 colonies monitored died before the winter. the surviving colony died over the winter. the studied colonies were assessed every two weeks over the summer. researchers would take various measures of colony health – including estimating the adult honey bee population, the amount of brood ( or young immature bees ) contained in the colony, the status of the queen, and the presence of honey bee adult and brood diseases. samples of adult bees were taken at each sampling point to quantify the number of parasitic mites and pathogens ( such as nosema disease ) in the population. while taking gigapan image ’ s of the honey bee frames at the red hill apiary did not directly assist with our documenting of colony decline, it did provide a unique and interactive tool by which bee biology and brood disease identification could be delivered. on this frame there are many examples of both healthy and unhealthy brood, and properly tagged individual diseased larvae can serve as a revolutionary educational tool. gigapan stitcher version 0. 4. 3864 ( windows ) panorama size : 137 megapixels ( 15264 x 9003 pixels ) input images : 50 ( 10 columns by 5 rows ) field of view : 24. 8 degrees wide by 14.


the 3d scientific graph control is capable of producing a wide variety of charts. these include surfaces ( wireframe, solid, shaded solid, contoured solid, and pixel ), 3d bar ( wireframe, solid, and shaded solid ), 3d scatter ( points, lines, points + lines, and area layers producing a waterfall chart ), and 3d object ( via a polygon data interface in wireframe, solid, and shaded solid styles ). the property polymode is used to control which type of image you need to produce. all types support rotation and viewing height adjustment. there is also an automatic rotation feature which will animate the rotation of an image. there are two shading algorithms, one shades to white and the other shades to the objects color. 3d surface charts can have a bottom or top 2d contour included in the image. this contour can be in lines or colors. see showcontour. within the demo, see example 400 which shows how to create a simple 3d wireframe. 3d surface charts are produced from xdata, ydata, and zdata. generally, x - data and z - data are equally spaced but this is not mandatory. once you supply this data, the component will construct a list of polygons which will produce a surface plot of the data. the process of creating 3d charts is further discussed in chapter 4 as well as in the included example code. within the demo, see example 402. the 3d bar chart is generally used to show categorized data along 2 axes. where a 2d bar chart places multiple subsets next to each other, the 3d bar places multiple subsets at different z locations. similar to the graph component, the 3d bar chart only needs ydata. xdata and zdata are not used in this mode. subsets defines how many rows are along z axis and points defines how many columns are along x axis. subsetlabels and pointlabels are used to label rows and columns. subsetcolors is used to control colors of subset bars. within the demo, see example the 3d scatter chart is much like a 2d scatter chart with the addition of zdata. each data point thus has its own xdata, ydata, and zdata coordinates. possible plotting methods are points, lines, and points plus lines. theres also an area plotting method which will produce area layers along the z axis. this can be used to construct a waterfall chart. comparison subsets are supported in this mode to allow


possible plotting methods are points, lines, and points plus lines. theres also an area plotting method which will produce area layers along the z axis. this can be used to construct a waterfall chart. comparison subsets are supported in this mode to allow for combining of plotting methods. see plottingmethod, and plottingmethodii, and comparisonsubsets. within the demo, see example 404. the 3d polygon data interface ( pep _ structpolydata ) allows the developer to supply their own list of polygons to be rendered. wireframe, solid, and shaded solid images can be produced from this data. its important that polygon vertices are ordered properly. the polygon vertices must be ordered in a counter - clockwise order as viewed from outside of the object. this is only necessary for hidden line removal and shading purposes. if you are only producing a wireframe image, the ordering of vertices is not critical. addskirts should be set to true if the polygon data forms an enclosed surface and you want to produce a surface or shaded surface image. more than one object can be placed into 3d space, however, the objects should not intersect. within the demo, see example 406. the 3d component can be rotated in several ways. either by dragging the thumb - tags on the horizontal and vertical scrollbars, or by invoking the auto - rotation feature by double - clicking or using the popup menu. while rotating, you may want to limit the image detail to just a wireframe to speed rotation of complex images with many polygons. producing rotated text is also pretty slow, so there ' s another option to just plot the plotting method without the axes, grid numbers, and axis labels. if the image is simple, you can rotate in full detail. see autorotation and rotationdetail. the plotting method list will change based upon the polymode setting. you can also control the possible entries with properties such as allowwireframe and allowsurface. this same control of plotting methods is also available for the other while the component is auto - rotating ( autorotation ), you can control the degree direction and increment between each image. when plottingmethod is set to surface with shading, this feature controls whether the brightest polygons will be bright white or the brightest shade of color. see shadingstyle. when polymode is set to surfacepolygons, there is an option to place a 2d contour above or


this article should, by rights, be an entire book : the consequences of agricultural commoditization are profound and far - reaching. by necessity, i am concentrating on a few key points. where ’ s the real food? one of the largest movements in 20th century agriculture was the commoditization of food. in 1900, 41 % of the us workforce was directly employed in agriculture, and each farm produced over five different crops for sale — not counting food consumed on the farm or sold locally, outside the commodity system. furthermore, 60 % of americans lived in rural areas. ( source : usda. ) this means that the majority of americans either grew their own food, or had direct access to the producers of the food they ate. in 2000, just 1. 9 % of americans were employed in agriculture, farms produced an average of just over one crop for sale, and less than 1 out of 4 americans lived in rural areas. the number of farms has fallen 63 %, while the average farm size has risen 67 %. all charts above from the usda economic research service : the 20th century transformation of u. s. agriculture and farm policy by carolyn dimitri, anne effland, and neilson conklin economic information bulletin no. ( eib - 3 ) 17 pp, june 2005 in other words, we no longer have direct access to the food we eat. how did this happen? as usual, the answer is simple : follow the money. a silly and far - fetched scenario let ’ s consider a silly and far - fetched scenario for a moment. the us government decides that hollywood ’ s dominance of the world entertainment industry should be encouraged at the creative end as well as the financial end, and offers the following incentive : “ we will pay $ 100 for every new song of two minutes or longer, recorded in english by an american citizen in america, upon registration with the copyright office. ” ( subject to a raft of rules and red tape, of course. ) right away we can see the problem : there is no incentive to write a song that anyone else wants to hear! the only incentive is to write lots and lots of ‘ songs ’ … and it would probably take about six hours for enterprising programmers to write song - generation programs that put together random chord progressions and random sentences off the internet, automatically play them with a synthesizer, and send them into the copyright office as quickly as they could record the vocals. in other words, such an incentive would not result in more entertainment : it


together random chord progressions and random sentences off the internet, automatically play them with a synthesizer, and send them into the copyright office as quickly as they could record the vocals. in other words, such an incentive would not result in more entertainment : it would result in a tsunami of unlistenable crap. commoditization : what does “ fungible ” mean? the definition of a commodity is “ a good supplied without qualitative differentiation across a market. ” this property is called “ fungibility ”. sadly, the term “ fungible ” has nothing to do with either fungi or dirigibles. a fungible good is capable of mutual substitution : one unit is defined to be just as good as any other. we can see that fungibility is a necessary property of money. if i loan you 100 dollars, i don ’ t expect to get the same $ 100 back i loaned to you … any $ 100 will do, because dollars are fungible. similarly, we can see that fungibility is a necessary property of commodities. if i contract to deliver you 1000 pounds of copper in march of next year, you shouldn ’ t have to care where the copper comes from. fungibility also applies to agricultural commodities : if i contract to deliver 100 bushels of corn in september of next year for a set price, it ’ s clearly impossible for you to inspect or evaluate corn that i haven ’ t even grown yet! so certain minimum standards for delivery are defined — and beyond that, all corn is the same. like most commodities, grains are mixed without regard to source : the producers sell their corn, whereupon it ’ s transferred via an elevator to a silo and mingled with all the other corn from the area, and anyone who buys corn simply gets whatever comes out of the elevator first. we can see that an attempt to make non - fungible creations ( songs ) into a fungible commodity, as in the silly example above, would result in both an oversupply of unlistenable songs and an economic catastrophe. problem # 1 : real food is not fungible the alert reader will see several problems with this “ fungible food ” scenario right away. the first problem is that real food is not fungible. for instance, when we go to buy onions, tomatoes, melons, or other produce, we don ’ t just choose them at random. we choose the variety that will taste best in our recipe, and from that, we choose the ripest, least damaged, best - looking, best


, tomatoes, melons, or other produce, we don ’ t just choose them at random. we choose the variety that will taste best in our recipe, and from that, we choose the ripest, least damaged, best - looking, best - smelling ones available. we may even reject all the choices as unsuitable and visit a different store … or the farmer ’ s market. unfortunately, when a food becomes commoditized, we no longer have that choice. there ’ s no such thing as artisanal corn syrup, soybean oil, or textured vegetable protein : they ’ re made from commodity crops, and you ’ ll get whatever came out of the grain elevator. problem # 2 : fungibility begets mediocrity the second problem, which is a consequence of the first, is that fungibility begets mediocrity. consider : if you are a farmer, and the only standard for corn is that there be as many bushels of it as you contracted to deliver, are you going to care about nutrition? about taste? about pesticide contamination? no. you ’ re not going to care about anything but producing the maximum quantity possible for the least cost, because it doesn ’ t matter. you can produce the most nutritious corn in the world … but you won ’ t be paid any more for it than your neighbor who ’ s just trying to cut costs. furthermore, we can see that agricultural price supports make this problem far worse. think back to the songwriting example above : if you ’ re absolutely guaranteed to get paid by uncle sam as long as your ‘ song ’ is two minutes or greater, why bother creating anything meaningful? you ’ ll make far more money by creating unlistenable crap as quickly as you can. similarly, if you ’ re growing a crop ( such as corn, wheat, cotton, or soybeans ) that receives price supports, you ’ re not going to care about taste, nutrition, or any other measure of quality — let alone topsoil depletion or groundwater contamination. you ’ re paid by the bushel, and all that matters is how many bushels you can grow. is it any wonder that these “ commodity crops ” are so devoid of nutrients that products made from them must, by law, be “ fortified ” with vitamins and minerals in order to avoid massive outbreaks of deficiency disease? follow the money. we get what we reward. problem # 3 : fungibility impoverishes farmers and enriches middle


, by law, be “ fortified ” with vitamins and minerals in order to avoid massive outbreaks of deficiency disease? follow the money. we get what we reward. problem # 3 : fungibility impoverishes farmers and enriches middlemen the next problem i ’ ll discuss here is a consequence of the first two. it ’ s less obvious, but more far - reaching : turning a crop into a fungible commodity impoverishes farmers and consumers, while enriching middlemen. when selling your goods outside the commodity system, you can receive a better price for goods of better quality. to choose an extreme example, the highest grades and best cuts of wagyu beef sell for well over $ 100 / pound in japan. more realistically, grass - finished beef sells for a 1. 5 - 3x premium over feedlot beef, so individual producers can make a living selling quality meats. however, if you ’ re forced into the commodity system, where you receive the same price for your crop regardless of quality, that means you can no longer differentiate your crop from anyone else … … which means that you ’ re competing directly with everyone else, and your profit margins drop to nearly zero. processors and other middlemen benefit dramatically from this arrangement : they use these cheap commodity crops as raw materials to produce a bewildering variety of packaged pseudo - foods, which they differentiate and sell at the markup that used to belong to producers of actual food. furthermore, this allows the financial industry to profit by “ making the market ” ( inserting themselves as middlemen in all transactions, e. g. “ futures ” ), taking another slice of income out of the farmer ’ s remaining profit margin, and increasing prices to us at the supermarket. here ’ s an illustrative example : since eggs are not completely fungible, an egg farmer — even a giant industrial egg farmer — makes over fifty cents per dollar of eggs sold. a corn farmer makes about four cents per dollar of corn syrup. problem # 4 : fungibility causes environmental devastation the final problem i ’ ll discuss here is the environmental devastation wrought by commodity agriculture. when commoditization prevents anyone from earning a margin on their crops by differentiating theirs from everyone else ’ s, and the market is further distorted by artificial incentives to produce as much as possible without regard to quality, we can expect that an unsustainable exploitation of resources will quickly result. this is, in fact, the case. as i previously wrote in this article :


is further distorted by artificial incentives to produce as much as possible without regard to quality, we can expect that an unsustainable exploitation of resources will quickly result. this is, in fact, the case. as i previously wrote in this article : … industrial grain production impoverishes our farmers, destroys our soil and our water, and leaves barren land, salt flats, and dead ocean deltas in its wake. it demands unimaginable amounts of fossil fuels to create nitrogen fertilizer, toxic herbicides and pesticides, and giant sowing and harvesting machines, and to transport the grain from the midwest to where people actually live. it demands giant, river - killing dams to fill irrigation canals. it strip - mines fossil water, pumped from underground aquifiers that took millions of years to fill — all to grow corn, wheat, and soybeans on land best suited for grazing livestock on perennial grasses. and 3 - 5 % of world natural gas production — 1 - 2 % of the entire world energy supply — is required just to make ammonium nitrate fertilizer. in short, industrial agriculture is an unmitigated environmental catastrophe. ( follow the links for more information about each issue. ) conclusion : eat food, not commodities unfortunately my silly and far - fetched example above isn ’ t far - fetched at all : it ’ s become the foundation of our nation ’ s food policy. the problems of industrial agriculture are primarily caused by a combination of commoditization and the broken farm policy that subsidizes it, leading to massive overproduction of corn, wheat, and soybeans that generates profits for middlemen and the financial industry at the direct expense of farmers and the consumer … … and our farm policy has steadily become crazier and more destructive throughout both democratic and republican administrations. while our tax dollars will most likely continue to subsidize the cheap grain - based packaged foods that are making us fat and diabetic, we can always take action at an individual level by buying and eating real, nutritious, delicious food … live in freedom, live in beauty, eat like a predator. this article only begins the discussion of agricultural commoditization. richard manning ’ s “ against the grain : how agriculture has hijacked civilization ” not only covers these issues in depth — it goes much farther into the consequences of agriculture in general, not just the modern industrialized version. i highly recommend it.


personally, i am not sure white sugar is quite as evil as its critics make it out to be, but clearly our society suffers from rising numbers of adults and children with obesity and other health related issues. recently i read that on average americans consume 72 pounds of sugar a year ; that ’ s 22 teaspoons a day and is more than 2 times what our grandparents ate. at first i thought, no way, not my family! but then i examined and gave some thought to the diet of most kids, including mine, special candy on every holiday, shabbos food, shabbos cereal ( as we call it ), treats in school, yogurts and granola bars all loaded with extra sweets, coffee with sweeteners, and more. i am not suggesting a world without sweets but thought it might be appropriate to make a few suggestions about refined sugar. try alternatives like honey, molasses, maple syrup, and agave instead of white sugar or brown sugar ( which is essentially white sugar with a little molasses added for flavor and color ). while these minimally processed sweeteners do count as added sugar and should still be used sparingly, they provide antioxidants and essential minerals and don ’ t cause as big a spike in blood sugar as refined sweeteners do. each has its own distinct flavor, which adds an extra dimension to food and beverages. honey is a go - to sweetener for yogurt, teas, challah, as well as compotes, fruit crisps, and cobblers. it ’ s filled with antioxidants. the darker the color the more it contains. maple syrup is especially good in granola, oatmeal, and some cakes. it ’ s rich in zinc and manganese so they help boost the immune system. molasses have an intense flavor that works perfectly in barbecue sauces and marinades. it has the highest nutritional value of all the sweeteners but the strongest and distinctive flavor. agave has the mildest flavor of the bunch ; it dissolves easily, so it ’ s great in cold drinks and coffee. it has a low glycemic index and therefore a more moderate effect on blood sugar. you can bake with all of these alternative sweeteners too ; they tend to make baked goods very soft and moist. depending on the recipe, you might need to experiment with the amount you use. start by substituting 3 / 4 cup honey, maple syrup, or mo


dementia may be defined as a progressive and largely irreversible clinical syndrome that is characterized by global deterioration in intellectual function, behaviour and personality in the presence of normal consciousness and perception ( 1 ). many patients have preserved positive personality traits and personal attributes but the following features may become evident as the disease progresses : - memory loss, language impairment, disorientation, changes in personality, difficulty in carrying out daily activities, self - neglect - psychiatric symptoms - apathy, depression or psychosis - unusual behaviour - aggression, sleep disturbance or disinhibited sexual behaviour ( 1 ) dementia can be divided into : - young - onset dementia – formerly known as “ pre - senile dementia ”, refers to patients who develop dementia before the age of 65 years - late - onset dementia – previously known as “ senile dementia ”, refers to patients who develop dementia after the age of 65 years ( 1 ) several risk factors responsible for the development of dementia have been recognized ( 1 ). - non modifiable risk factors - age – advancing age is the most important risk factor in developing dementia - learning disabilities – in people with down ’ s syndrome, dementia develops 30 – 40 years earlier than in a normal person - gender – rate of dementia is higher in women than in men ( specially for alzheimers disease ) - genetic factors - modifiable risk factors - alcohol consumption - smoking – particulary for alzheimers - head injury - education and mental stimulation ( 1 ) the most common causes of dementia are age - related neurodegenerative processes. dementia is becoming an increasing problem as the population ages.


the man stopped the machine he was riding and stepped off it to take a look. when he discovered the snake was in two pieces, he reached to grab the tail end to keep, perhaps as a souvenir. while gripping the rattle section of the snake, the other half, which included the creature ’ s head, struck, biting the farmer on the arm. the man, knowing the danger, and feeling the sting of the venom, ran back toward his farmhouse, seeking help from neighbors. but, the effect of the venom took him fast. even with the assistance of neighbors, any help was to no avail. the farmer died as a result of the snake ’ s poison. while rattlesnake fatalities are rare in western michigan, another occurred 18 years later. on sept. 9, 1909, hudsonville farmer thomas damm was bitten in the arm by a rattlesnake, and died the following day. the snake laid underneath a wood pile where damm was working. on sept. 27, 1954, a west olive girl suffered a rattlesnake bite on the leg while playing with friends near her home. she made a full recovery at the holland hospital. the “ serpent killers ” likely were all a breed known as a massasauga rattlesnake. the eastern massasauga rattlesnake is michigan ’ s only venomous snake, and is a rare sight for state residents. in recent years, a burmese python in ottawa county made headline news. on aug. 19, 2008, a michigan state trooper shot and killed the nearly 7 - foot long snake after it slithered onto a west olive road frightening passing motorists. authorities were concerned the python might attack children in the area and suspected the python was a released or an escaped pet. most of historical massasauga sightings on record originate in oakland, livingston, jackson and washtenaw counties in southeast michigan and in allegan, barry and kalamazoo counties in southwest michigan. while the unfortunate ottawa county victims had no protection from the massasauga, the creature became protected under michigan law in 1988.


the use of simplified small sided games in training. posted by chris on 01 april, 2011 players love playing football. take any group of players, the first thing they will do is make two goals, select sides and have a game. football is fun, the concept of using simplified small sided games as an integral aspect of training is to provide players with an opportunity to do what they enjoy doing the most, playing a game. during the process of playing a game players are constantly faced with observing, analysing and solving a succession of quick moving problems. as the game ebbs and flows, their ability to react and deal with constantly changing situations is always being tested. whilst technical and skill practices have their role to play in training players, with an emphasis on their “ how things are done ” repetitive mantra, they don ’ t always take into account the “ when to ” and “ why ” of playing football. simplified small sided games challenge players to make decisions on the “ when to ” and “ why ”. the decisions players are forced to make in simplified small sided games develop improved technical performance in all aspects of the game, players having lots more touches of the ball and greater participation in the game, a better understanding of working and co – operating in units of players, quick transition between attacking to defending and defending to attacking, an appreciation of finding and creating space for themselves and others, vital communication skills, greater fitness and most importantly of all fun. what are simplified small sided games? - invasion games. games that have goals or targets, objectives and outcomes - games that have a reduced number of players, 2 v 2, 3 v 3, 4 v 4 etc - smaller playing areas - simple and flexible rules that are adaptable to the structure of the game - fewer structured stops and starts, free kicks, corners, throw ins etc - opportunities for players to have a greater participation and to have more touches of the ball. - lots of opportunities to repeatedly practice a range of technical skills - less reliance on players playing in specific positions. - lots of opportunities for players to be exposed to game situations that involve the ball, opponents and team mates. which will improve their decision making process as they progress to more complex games, 7 v 7 upwards. - greater communication and co – operation between players. - greater freedom of play, more rotation of positions, developing more complete and intelligent players from a coaching perspective, simplified smaller sided games can be structured or conditioned to achieve a specific training objective, for example passing and support, running with the ball, recovery runs when


assistive technology for kids with ld : an overview if your child has a learning disability, she may benefit from assistive technology tools that play to her strengths and work around her challenges. by marshall raskind, ph. d., kristin stanberry assistive technology ( at ) is available to help individuals with many types of disabilities — from cognitive problems to physical impairment. this article will focus specifically on at for individuals with learning disabilities ( ld ). the use of technology to enhance learning is an effective approach for many children. additionally, students with ld often experience greater success when they are allowed to use their abilities ( strengths ) to work around their disabilities ( challenges ). at tools combine the best of both of these practices. this article will introduce parents to the role of at in helping their children with ld. the better informed you are about at, the greater the chances your child will experience success in school, in recreation and, eventually, at work. you will also want to learn how to choose at tools that are reliable and to select technology that is tailored to your child ' s individual needs, abilities, and experience. what is assistive technology for ld? at for kids with ld is defined as any device, piece of equipment or system that helps bypass, work around or compensate for an individual ' s specific learning deficits. over the past decade, a number of studies have demonstrated the efficacy of at for individuals with ld. 1 at doesn ' t cure or eliminate learning difficulties, but it can help your child reach her potential because it allows her to capitalize on her strengths and bypass areas of difficulty. for example, a student who struggles with reading but who has good listening skills might benefit from listening to audio books. in general, at compensates for a student ' s skills deficits or area ( s ) of disability. however, utilizing at does not mean that a child can ' t also receive remedial instruction aimed at alleviating deficits ( such as software designed to improve poor phonic skills ). a student could use remedial reading software as well as listen to audio books. in fact, research has shown that at can improve certain skill deficits ( e. g., reading and spelling ). 2, 3 at can increase a child ' s self - reliance and sense of independence. kids who struggle in school are often overly dependent on parents, siblings, friends and teachers for help with assignments. by using at, kids can experience success with working independently. what types of learning problems does assistive technology address?


and sense of independence. kids who struggle in school are often overly dependent on parents, siblings, friends and teachers for help with assignments. by using at, kids can experience success with working independently. what types of learning problems does assistive technology address? at can address many types of learning difficulties. a student who has difficulty writing can compose a school report by dictating it and having it converted to text by special software. a child who struggles with math can use a hand - held calculator to keep score while playing a game with a friend. and a teenager with dyslexia may benefit from at that will read aloud his employer ' s online training manual. there are at tools to help students who struggle with : what kinds of assistive technology tools are available? the term " assistive technology " has usually been applied to computer hardware and software and electronic devices. however, many at tools are now available on the internet. at tools that support kids with ld include : - abbreviation expanders - alternative keyboards - audio books and publications - electronic math work sheets - freeform database software - graphic organizers and outlining - information / data managers - optical character recognition - personal fm listening systems - portable word processors - proofreading programs - speech - recognition programs - speech synthesizers / screen readers - talking calculators - talking spell checkers and electronic dictionaries - variable - speed tape recorders - word - prediction programs


a single application of rootgrow will support a plant for its entire lifetime. how do mycorrhizal fungi benefit plants? in its simplest sense mycorrhizal fungi do everything plant roots do, just better. when new plants are planted with rootgrow it takes only 2 - 4 weeks under normal conditions for these fungi to start benefiting plants. in that time they attach themselves to the plant ' s root system and grow out rapidly into the soil, searching for nutrients and water. they essentially become part of the plant ' s own root system. the benefits to plants are ; better nutrient uptake. these fungi are so much thinner and finer than the plant ' s own roots they can therefore find nutrients in the soil far more efficiently than the plant ' s own coarse roots. they are especially good at finding nutrients responsible for flowering and fruiting such as phosphorus and potassium. as they can explore a much greater amount of soil than the plant ' s own roots they are also far more likely to find trace elements and the rare nutrients that all plants need to grow well. mycorrhizal fungi are an essential part of a plant ' s ability to combat drought. leaves and stems have developed mechanisms to combat drought such as silver leaves, waxy leaves and hairy leaves but these adaptations on their own aren ' t enough if the plant doesn ' t have its friendly fungal partner on its roots. mycorrhizal fungi hold onto water in soils like a sponge. establishment in difficult soils mycorrhizal fungi will enable plants to establish and thrive even in difficult soils. in poor sandy soils the mycorrhizal fungi will be able to find scarce nutrients and hold onto water. in clay soils these fungi will be able to unlock nutrients from the soil acting like a clay breaker. how much do i need? as a quick guideline, the amount of rootgrow needed usually works out to approximately 10 % of the value of the plants purchased. i. e. spend £100 on plants and you will need 1x 360gram pouch to treat all of them. for grass seed, you will approximately require 10 to 15 per cent of the volume ( i. e. a 2. 5kg bag of grass would required 250g - 375g of rootgrow ) available in a variety of sizes. the 360g gel variant is designed to treat bare rooted plants only. use on plants such as hedging, fruit canes, roses and trees. it is a two step process, mixing sachet of powder


the participants, aged between 18 and 30 years, will examine the environmental, cultural and socio - economic impacts of climate change on the wadden sea ecosystem, and use their experiences and acquired knowledge to encourage their peers to become environmentally responsible citizens. the training, organized by the british council in collaboration with experts from grid - arendal and with the support of youth in action, is taking place on langeness, a low - lying island in the schleswig - holsteinisches wattenmeer national park ( germany ). by visiting the mudflats, saltmarshes and other ecosystems of the island and surrounding areas, the participants will learn about the challenges facing the wadden sea and sustainable development in this complex region. a major emphasis of the training is peer - to - peer learning and networking. together, the participants will share and develop ideas to respond to the complex issues and communicate their experiences through social media, newspapers and film. participants will be encouraged to develop projects under the eu ’ s youth in action programme, which will be implemented locally after their return. they will also become part of the british council ’ s global climate generation network, which empowers young people to bring about change locally and build the global movement towards a safer future. the participants and trainers will be visiting the multimar wattforum ( http : / / www. multimar - wattforum. de / ) from approximately 10 am to 4pm on friday 27 april, and welcome visits by journalists or other individuals interested in this training. please take contact beforehand with julia ( see below ). bjorn alfthan, project officer – polar programme, grid - arendal t + 47 907 34432, e firstname. lastname @ example. org julia rawlins, head of partnerships and networks, british council t + 49 30 311099 75, e email @ example. com further info : grid - arendal delivers experiential, place - based trainings to youth and other groups, using sustianable tourism as a means for inspiring and educating people about issues affecting a particular region and the linkages to the rest of the world. please visit http : / / www. grida. no / tourism / product - service - detail. aspx? id = 5100 for further information. the wadden sea is one of the most important inter - tidal zones of the world, playing host to millions of migratory birds each year. the effects of climate change are already being felt on this ecosystem. credit : peter prokosch


millions of people enjoyed “ finding nemo, ” the animated disney film that premiered in 2003, and can still recall the plot : a timid clownfish embarks on an adventurous search for his son, nemo, who was captured by scuba divers and taken to australia ’ s sydney harbor. but what many may not be aware of is that the real - life nemos of the world, along with other small fish that are equally dependent on healthy reef systems, are in serious trouble because of climate change. the center for biological diversity on monday filed a petition with the national marine fisheries service to place orange clownfish – more commonly known to children as nemo fish – and seven other reef fish species under protection of the endangered species act. “ we risk losing the striking fish that inspired ‘ finding nemo ’ forever if we don ’ t put the brakes on global warming and ocean acidification, ” shaye wolf, the center ’ s climate science director, stated in a news release. “ carbon pollution harms these fish and destroys their coral reef homes. if we want these beautiful animals to survive in the wild, not just in a movie, we have to protect them under the endangered species act. ” in “ finding nemo, ” the over - protective father ( marlin ) learned during his adventure to take risks and to be more trusting of his son. there were many risks and struggles along the way. so it is with orange clownfish trying to survive with coral reefs around the world – including the great barrier reef, which was nemo ’ s home – in a state of decline, and while ocean acidification is on the rise. warming seas and acidification, caused by the oceans ’ absorption of carbon - dioxide poisoning, pose a threat to reefs and to clownfish and damselfish. “ coral reefs are the rainforests of the ocean, but carbon pollution will bulldoze their biodiversity, ” wolf said. “ the longer we wait to provide endangered species act protection and reduce the greenhouse gases harming reef fish and destroying their homes, the harder it ’ s going to be to save these unique creatures. ” another danger, as nemo came to know, is the aquarium trade. orange clownfish and several species of damselfish are immensely popular aquarium pets, and the united states is the largest importer of ornamental marine fish. listed on the petition sent to nmfs include the orange clownfish, which spends nearly its entire life protected within anemones on coral reefs, and seven species of damselfish that occur in


navigating yoga > vrkasana, a. k. a tree pose this week ’ s yoga pose, tree pose, is one of my favorites to teach — it is always a great way to introduce balancing exercises, as it focuses on engaging your body from the ground up. to begin, root down through your feet. while standing with your feet apart, press your weight into your heels and relax your toes. engage your left leg by flexing those muscles, not so tight that you lock your knee, but enough to feel those muscles work. begin to stand on that leg by lifting your right heel to your left ankle. balance at that point. focus your gaze on a particular spot in front of you that is not moving. engage your core by bringing your belly button to your spine, and drop your tailbone underneath you so that you are balancing from your center rather than from your lower back. when you ’ re feeling balanced, you can start to inch that heel up a little higher up your left leg. if you ’ re feeling really balanced, reach down with your right hand to grab a hold of your right ankle, draw the foot up to place the sole of your foot against your inner thigh. engage your hips by squeezing your inner thighs together and bring your right knee inward slightly so that you ’ re not hyper extending your hips or your low back. when you think of a tree, you undoubtedly think of roots and a trunk reaching skyward. when you ’ re practicing this posture, think about rooting down through your feet to engage your lower body, allowing your entire body to lengthen skyward from your toes to your heart center and ultimately through the crown of your head for a straight spine. when lifting your arms up overhead, think about your arms as your branches springing high as if they can reach forever. let this action extend you a little taller out of your waist. remember to engage your belly, pulling your navel to your spine and rolling your tailbone underneath you to take pressure off your lower back. we engage our belly to balance in yoga so that we ’ re not relying on our lower lumbar spine to balance. if you ’ re feeling really balanced, close your eyes. with your eyes closed, bring that gaze inward to focus on your breath. taking an internal scan of your body with your breath, breath into any areas of tension, any areas of anxiety. begin to slowly let the fear of falling drift away. if you feel like you ’ re going to fall, engage your center by act


relationship development intervention ( rdi ) - an intervention which aims to develop an individual ’ s ability to participate in authentic emotional relationships by exposing the individual to those relationships in a gradual, systematic way. regression - process in which children appear to develop normal language and social skills but then lose these. regressive autism - form of autism in which children appear to develop normal language and social skills but then lose these with the onset of autism before age 3. some forms of regressive autism are severe enough to be classed as childhood disintegrative disorder. receptive language delay - difficulty understanding language. symptoms may include difficulty following directions, decreased comprehension of " yes / no " and " wh " questions, limited vocabulary, poor understanding of grammatical markers ( i. e. verb tenses, possessives ) and syntax and difficulty attending to spoken language. rett syndrome - a complex neurological disorder which is genetic in origin. it affects mainly girls. although present at birth, it becomes more evident during the second year. rotation diet - diet which involves eating different things at different times. salicylates - a plant hormone found in leafy vegetables and fruit. some people advocate a low salicylate diet. sara ’ s diet - a lutein - free, soy - protein free and casein / gluten - restricted diet which also restricts or removes some artificial additives. secretin - gastrointestinal hormone that helps promote digestion of food. seizures - sudden changes in behavior due to an excessive electrical activity in the brain. selective serotonin reuptake enhancer - a class of anti - depressant drugs that enhance the reuptake of serotonin instead of inhibiting it. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( ssri ) - a class of drugs that works by stopping ( inhibiting ) the uptake ( loss ) of serotonin, which means that more serotonin is available to help pass on messages between nerve cells. ssris are used to treat a variety of conditions including depression and anxiety. some people believe that they can also be used to treat people with autism who have other problems, such as repetitive behaviors or social deficits. semantic - pragmatic disorder - condition characterized by good grammatical language but lack of ability to use language in a socially appropriate manner. sensory deprivation therapy - an intervention based around sensory deprivation i. e. minimizing sensory inputs such as sound, lights and smells. sensory integration - the capacity of an individual to receive and process information provided


to use language in a socially appropriate manner. sensory deprivation therapy - an intervention based around sensory deprivation i. e. minimizing sensory inputs such as sound, lights and smells. sensory integration - the capacity of an individual to receive and process information provided by the senses. sensory integration therapy - intervention that is designed to mitigate abnormal behaviors caused by sensory sensitivity. sensory integrative function - condition characterized by unusual reactions or sensitivity to sensations such as sound, light or touch. sensory processing disorder - disorder of the brain which makes people misinterpret everyday sensory information, such as touch, sound, and movement. this can lead to behavioral problems, difficulties with coordination, and many other issues. small intestine ( small bowel ) - its primary function is to digest ( break down ) food and absorb nutrients ( vitamins, minerals, proteins, carbohydrates, and fats ). smith magenis syndrome - a genetic disorder where common characteristics include some degree of self - injury, sleep, disturbance, developmental delay, short stature, decreased sensitivity to pain, hyperactivity and destructive or aggressive behavior. social skills groups - social skills groups provide an opportunity for individuals with autism to practice and improve their social skills in a safe, supportive environment. social stories™ - short stories for children on the autism spectrum designed to aid their understanding of social situations. son - rise program® - an intensive training program based on the idea that the best way to help a child with autism is to follow the child ’ s lead. the program is a home - based, one - to - one approach, typically implemented by the parents, often with the assistance of a team of volunteers. specific carbohydrate diet ( scd ) - a strict, complex and restrictive diet which excludes complex carbohydrates, such as those found in rice and potatoes. these carbohydrates are replaced with simple carbohydrates. speech and language therapy - an intervention in which a therapist works with individuals to help them develop their communication skills using a range of techniques. steatorrhea - stool that is frothy, foul - smelling and floats because of a high fat content. it is common in malabsorption syndromes. this may be the result of the lower small intestine unable to absorb fats, or simply too much fat for even normal digestion to handle. sometimes this can indicate liver, gall bladder or lipid metabolism diseases. stimming - any kind of repetitive or stereotypic behavior


lower small intestine unable to absorb fats, or simply too much fat for even normal digestion to handle. sometimes this can indicate liver, gall bladder or lipid metabolism diseases. stimming - any kind of repetitive or stereotypic behavior. stomach - the function of the stomach is to begin digestion by physically breaking down food received from the esophagus. the stomach mucosa contains cells which secrete hydrochloric acid and this in turn activates the other gastric enzymes pepsin and rennin. sulfation - the process of adding sulphate to the body. t cells - control the b cells. when a harmless substance enters the body, the t cells signal the b cells to suppress antibody production, yet when a dangerous substance enters and must be eliminated, the t cells allow antibody production at a controlled rate and only until no more are needed. t cells can be programmed through vaccination or immunization to allow antibody production to previously unfamiliar but harmful antigens such as smallpox or polio. conversely, allergy shots or other immunostimulation techniques can program t cells to recognize harmless antigens and to suppress production of their antibodies. ( act like soldiers on the front line of the body ’ s defense against disease. ) teaching interaction - 10 - step procedure designed to help students learn appropriate social and school - related behaviors. testosterone - main male sex hormone, a steroid which controls the growth and functioning of the male sex organs. believed by some to reduce the effectiveness of chelation, a chemical intervention used to treat autism. therapeutic listening program - training program which includes a form of auditory integration training therapy dog - a dog that has been specially trained to act as a companion to the person with autism. thimerasol - a mercury - containing preservative. widely used as a preservative in a number of biological and drug products, including many vaccines. tic - condition in which a part of the body moves repeatedly, quickly, suddenly and uncontrollably. tics can occur in any body part, such as the face, shoulders, hands or legs. toe walking - walking on toes, a common symptomatic problem in some children with autism tomatis method - auditory training method, similar to auditory integration training, in which a person with autism listens to a selection of music which has been modified. total communicaton - approach that makes use of a number of modes of communication such as signed, oral, auditory, written and


to auditory integration training, in which a person with autism listens to a selection of music which has been modified. total communicaton - approach that makes use of a number of modes of communication such as signed, oral, auditory, written and visual aids, depending on the particular needs and abilities of the individual tourette ’ s syndrome - condition characterized by multiple tics characteristically involving the face and head. transfer factor - polypeptide secreted by lymphocytes that is capable of transferring immunity from one cell or individual to another trichuris suis ova ( pig whipworm larvae ) - sometimes used as a treatment for gastro - intestinal and immune problems. triglycerides - the main form of fat found in foods and the human body. containing three fatty acids and one unit of glycerol, triglycerides are stored in adipose cells in the body, which, when broken down, release fatty acids into the blood. triglycerides are fat storage molecules and are the major lipid component of the diet. tuberous sclerosis - rare genetic disease that causes benign tumors to grow on vital organs. it commonly affects the central nervous system. turner ' s syndrome - rare chromosomal condition affecting girls where the second x chromosome is absent or abnormal. more common in girls with autism. sources : canadian autism intervention research network


rate canadian hospitals | british columbia hospitals | | new brunswick hospitals | | nova scotia hospitals | | the north hospitals | top user rated hospitals most popular hospitals - royal jubilee hospital, victoria ( 2 ) - prince county hospital - summerside ( 1 ) - misericordia community hospital, edmonton ( 1 ) - queen elizabeth ii hospital, grande prairie ( 1 ) - cobequid community health centre ( 1 ) - stanton regional hospital, yellowknife ( 1 ) - rockyview general hospital, calgary ( 1 ) - university of alberta hospital, edmonton ( 1 ) - st. catharines general site, st. catharines ( 1 ) - toronto general hospital, toronto ( 1 ) - devon general hospital, devon ( 1 ) - thunder bay regional health sciences centre, thunder bay ( 1 ) what is a depressive disorder? a depressive disorder is an illness that involves the body, mood, and thoughts. it affects the way a person eats and sleeps, the way one feels about oneself, and the way one thinks about things. a depressive disorder is not the same as a passing blue mood. it is not a sign of personal weakness or a condition that can be willed or wished away. people with a depressive illness cannot merely " pull themselves together " and get better. without treatment, symptoms can last for weeks, months, or years. appropriate treatment, however, can help most people who suffer from depression. types of depression depressive disorders come in different forms, just as is the case with other illnesses such as heart disease. this pamphlet briefly describes three of the most common types of depressive disorders. however, within these types there are variations in the number of symptoms, their severity, and persistence. major depression is manifested by a combination of symptoms that interfere with the ability to work, study, sleep, eat, and enjoy once pleasurable activities. such a disabling episode of depression may occur only once but more commonly occurs several times in a lifetime. a less severe type of depression, dysthymia, involves long - term, chronic symptoms that do not disable, but keep one from functioning well or from feeling good. many people with dysthymia also experience major depressive episodes at some time in their lives. another type of depression is bipolar disorder, also called manic - depressive illness. not nearly as prevalent as other forms of depressive disorders, bipolar disorder is characterized by cycling mood changes : severe highs ( mania ) and lows ( depression ). sometimes the mood switches are


for immediate release : aug. 8, 2012 media contact : communication office vermont department of health burlington – the vermont department of health has noted an increase in the number of people who are reporting bats ( mostly big brown bats ) flying through open windows and doors and getting trapped inside homes and camps this summer. the health department recommends if a bat is found in a room with someone who was sleeping soundly, or if a bat is found in the same room as an unattended child, safely collect the bat for rabies testing. call the rabies hotline ( 800 - 472 - 2437 ) for help on determining if a worrisome exposure occurred. “ the string of hot weather, bugs, and open doors and windows might explain what we are seeing, ” said robert johnson, public health veterinarian. “ bats are an important part of the ecosystem, but we don ’ t want people sharing a room with them overnight without knowing they are negative for rabies. ” only four of the 65 bats tested so far this year have been positive for rabies, but because rabies can be fatal if not treated, it is important to have the bat tested if an exposure could have occurred. rabies is found mainly in wildlife ( especially raccoons, foxes, bats, and skunks ) and can infect domestic animals and humans. there has never been a human case of rabies reported to the vermont department of health, but people can become infected if bitten or scratched by an infected animal. it is important to avoid handling wildlife, especially animals that may be infected with rabies. if a person is exposed, anti - rabies shots to fight off the disease need to be given as soon as possible after a bite has occurred, before symptoms appear. a total of 31 animals have tested positive for rabies so far in 2012. for more information on rabies prevention efforts and how to safely collect a bat for testing visit : http : / / healthvermont. gov / prevent / rabies / rabies. aspx. # # #


musa acuminata and musa paradisiac are two types of bananas adapted to warm and humid tropical climate, needing more than 2, 000 mm of rainfall per year and rich soils to grow. bananas have been present in our diets since long time ago, they are rich in potassium, a mineral that plays a very important role in mass bone formation and regulation of blood pressure, magnesium, selenium, phosphorous, iron, vitamins a, b1, b2, b3, b5, b6, vitamin c, vitamin e, zinc ( very important to regulate sleep cycles and enhance male reproductive functions )... etc. image : bananas by kevin connors via morgue file. in spite most of us believe in the health benefits and multiple properties of kela fruit ( bananas ), not many people knows about their most valuable active constituent, a lectin named banlec ( from banana lectin ), that is known to exert anti - cancer and anti - hiv properties and that has been recently the subject of scientific study for its potential pharmaceutical use in future medicines. image : banana tree by melvin " buddy " baker under creative common license ( cc by 2. 0 ). common name : banana. the image above has been taken with a 5 megapixel panasonic lumix dmc - lz3s, with a ccd chip that captures enough detail for photo - quality 13 x 17 - inch prints, has a 6x image - stabilized optical zoom ; 2. 0 - inch lcd display, playback of 9, 16, and 25 images is possible on a multi - split screen, consecutive shooting feature lets you take up to five shots per second. the camera stores images on sd memory cards. curiosity : kela fruit ( bananas ) are naturally radioactive due to the fact that they contain a relatively high amount of potassium, more precisely potassium - 40, a radioactive isotope of potassium, however the amount of potassium per banana is marginal, being only 0, 036 mg or radioactive potassium - 40 out of the 300 mg or potassium that we find on each banana. banlec lectin from banana banlec is a jacalin - related lectin, a kind of sugar - binding protein, isolated from the fruit of bananas found in the musa acuminata bananas among other banana species. lectins play a very important role in plants, where they are mainly used during germination, but their most important attribute is played in viral infections


from the fruit of bananas found in the musa acuminata bananas among other banana species. lectins play a very important role in plants, where they are mainly used during germination, but their most important attribute is played in viral infections, where some viruses use lectins to attach themselves to the cells of the host organism during infection. this property has been used by scientists to hypothesize about the possibility to use this function to inhibit certain viruses. image right : peachyqueen via morguefile. as the banlec lectin from musa paradisiac binds to high mannose carbohydrate structures including those found on viruses containing certain particular envelope proteins such as human immunodeficiency virus type - 1 ( hiv - 1 ), scientist hypothesized that banlec might inhibit hiv - 1 through binding of the hiv - 1 envelope protein, gp120. well, the results of this study show that banlec possesses potent anti - hiv activity banlec is able to block hiv - 1 cellular entry in the presence of banlec. banlec inhibits hiv - 1 infection by binding to the glycosylated viral envelope and blocking cellular entry. the relative anti - hiv activity of banlec could be compared to other anti - hiv lectins, such as snowdrop lectin and griffithsin, and to t - 20 and maraviroc, two anti - hiv drugs currently in clinical use. banlec is therefore a potential component for an anti - viral microbicide that could be used to prevent the sexual transmission of hiv - 1. additionally to the already mentioned banlec lectin identified in the predominant proteins in the pulp of ripe bananas ( musa acuminata l. ), another study identified a lectin present in plantains ( musa spp. ), the plantain agglutinin was called planlec. banlec lectin and t - cell proliferation a specific lectin ( banlec - i ) from banana ( musa paradisiac ), was found able to stimulated t - cell proliferation. in a study done in murine models using the banana genus musa acuminata, it was determined that it is possible that the banana lectin could be developed into a useful anti - hiv, immunopotentiating and antitumor agent. in the study the lectin was capable of eliciting a mitogenic response in mu


it is possible that the banana lectin could be developed into a useful anti - hiv, immunopotentiating and antitumor agent. in the study the lectin was capable of eliciting a mitogenic response in murine splenocytes and inducing the expression of the cytokines interferon - gamma, tumor necrosis factor - alpha, and interleukin - 2 in splenocytes. tumor necrosis factor primary role is the regulation of immune cells, but it is also able to induce fever, apoptotic cell death ( natural cell death ), sepsis, cachexia, inflammation, and to inhibit tumorigenesis and viral replication. isolation and characterization of banlec - i, a mannoside - binding lectin from musa paradisiac ( banana ). v l koshte, w van dijk, m e van der stelt, and r c aalberse a lectin isolated from bananas is a potent inhibitor of hiv replication. swanson md, winter hc, goldstein ij, markovitz dm. department of internal medicine, division of infectious diseases, university of michigan medical center, ann arbor, michigan 48109, usa. fruit - specific lectins from banana and plantain. peumans wj, zhang w, barre a, houles astoul c, balint - kurti pj, rovira p, rouge p, may gd, van leuven f, truffa - bachi p, van damme ej. laboratory of phytopathology and plant protection, katholieke universiteit leuven, belgium. musa acuminata ( del monte banana ) lectin is a fructose - binding lectin with cytokine - inducing activity. cheung ah, wong jh, ng tb. department of biochemistry, faculty of medicine, the chinese university of hong kong, shatin, new territories, hong kong, china. plant names : porcher michel h. et al. 1995 - 2020, sorting anthemis names. multilingual multiscript plant name database ( m. m. p. n. d ) - a work in progress. school of agriculture and food systems. faculty of land & food resources. the university of melbourne. australia. < http : / / www. plantnames. unimelb. edu. au > chemistry : the practical science by paul b. kelter, michael d. mosher


george villiers, the duke of buckingham, had become very powerful under both james i and charles i. villiers had promoted many of his supporters to high office – and had financially benefited from doing this – but he had also made many enemies. on a visit to portsmouth in august 1628, the favourite of charles i was murdered. a letter written to henrietta maria, the wife of the king, gave a graphic description of what occurred that day. ‘ this day between nine and ten of the clock in the morning, the duke of buckingham, then coming out of a parlour, into a hall, was by one ( john ) felton ( a lieutenant of this army ) slain at one blow, with a dagger - knife. as the duke staggered, he turned about, uttering only this word, “ villain! ” and never spoke a word more. but, presently plucking out the knife from himself, before he fell to the ground, he made towards the traitor two or three paces, and then fell against a table. while he ( fenton ) was in our custody i asked him several questions, which he answered. he said he was protestant in religion. he also said he was partly discontented for want of eighty pounds pay, and that although he was a lieutenant of a company of foot, the company was given over his head unto another. yet, he said that that did not move him to act. it was on reading the complaint of the houses of parliament it came into his mind that in committing the act of killing the duke, he should do his country great good service. but to return to the screeches made at the fatal blow given, the duchess of buckingham and the countess of anglesey came out into a gallery which looked into a hall where they might see the blood of their dearest lord gushing from him. ah, poor ladies, such was their screechings, tears and distractions, that i never in my life heard the like before, and hope never to hear the like again. ”