scholarship — a ph. d. or other doctoral degree that requires advanced work beyond the master ’ s level, including the preparation and defense of a dissertation based on original research, or the planning and execution of an original project demonstrating scholarly achievement ; schools could classify certain degrees that had historically been treated as first professional degrees as either “ professional practice ” doctoral degrees ( as in the case of medical degrees, for example ) or master ’ s degrees ( as in the case of advanced, nondoctoral degrees in theology ). professional practice — a doctoral degree conferred upon completion of a program providing the knowledge and skills for the recognition, credentialing, or licensing required for professional practice ; or other — a doctoral degree that does not meet the definition of the research / scholarship or professional practice doctorate. to ensure comparability with previous years, for 2007 – 2008 and 2008 – 2009 the humanities indicators counted as doctorates all of those degrees classified by postsecondary institutions as “ doctorate degree, ” “ doctorate degree — research / scholarship, ” or “ doctorate degree — other. ” the hi treated as “ master ’ s and professional degrees ” those degrees classified by schools as “ doctorate degree — professional practice, ” “ first professional degree, ” or “ master ’ s degree. ” for academic year 2010 – 2011, nces eliminated the “ first professional degree ” category. the agency now requires schools to use the three - category system described above to classify all advanced degrees other than master ’ s degrees. back to content note on the data used to construct degree - related indicators the data that form the basis of these indicators are drawn from the u. s. department of education ’ s national center for education statistics ’ ( nces ) higher education general information system ( hegis ) and its successor, the integrated postsecondary educational data system ( ipeds ), through which institutions of higher learning report on the numbers and characteristics of students completing degree programs ( as well as a variety of other topics ; for more on this major data collection program, see http : / / nces. ed. gov / ipeds / ). the hegis / ipeds degree - completion data going back to 1966 have been made accessible to decision - makers, researchers, and the general public by the national science foundation ( nsf ) via its online data analysis tool webcaspar. the nsf has traditionally used the nces data to tabulate science and engineering degree awards as part of science and engineering indicators program, which since 1973 has issued a biennial


science foundation ( nsf ) via its online data analysis tool webcaspar. the nsf has traditionally used the nces data to tabulate science and engineering degree awards as part of science and engineering indicators program, which since 1973 has issued a biennial report designed to provide public and private policymakers with a broad base of quantitative information about the u. s. science, engineering, and technology enterprise. the nsf has developed a set of standardized disciplinary categories that can be used across the various data sources it relies upon to construct its indicators. because the nsf focuses on trends in science and engineering education, its disciplinary classification is most detailed in these areas. the utility of the nsf system for the purposes of the humanities indicators ( hi ) is limited. for example, the nsf scheme does not distinguish between the academic study of the arts, considered by the hi to be part of the humanities, and art performance. the hi thus cannot include in its tally those degrees conferred in the areas of musicology, art history, film studies, and drama history / criticism. moreover, while the hi considers such disciplines as archeology, women ’ s studies, gay and lesbian studies, and holocaust studies to be part of the humanities field, nsf categorizes them as social sciences. additionally, nsf places interdisciplinary degrees in areas such as general humanities and liberal studies in a broad “ other ” category that includes degrees for many disciplines that are not within the purview of the humanities as conceptualized by the hi. consequently, such interdisciplinary degrees, along with those mentioned above, cannot be captured in humanities degree counts from 1966 to 1986. for 1987 and later years ( 1995 and later for data on the race / ethnicity of degree recipients ), however, nsf also categorizes earned degrees according to the more detailed classification of instructional programs ( cip ), which permits a more precise count of humanities degrees ; that is, a count that includes degrees in all those programs that are part of academic disciplines included within the scope of the humanities for the purposes of the hi. ( for an inventory of the disciplines and activities treated as part of the humanities by the hi, see the statement on the scope of the “ humanities ” for purposes of the humanities indicators. ) the cip was first developed by nces in 1980 as a way to account for the tremendous variety of degree programs offered by american institutions of higher learning and has been revised three times since its introduction, most recently in 2009 ( this version is referred to as “ cip 2010 ”


by nces in 1980 as a way to account for the tremendous variety of degree programs offered by american institutions of higher learning and has been revised three times since its introduction, most recently in 2009 ( this version is referred to as “ cip 2010 ” ). the cip has also been adopted by statistics canada as its standard disciplinary for the purposes of the humanities indicators the cip has several advantages over the nsf classification system. for example, because the nsf system groups degrees in the nonsectarian study of religion with those awarded in programs designed to prepare students for religious vocations and because the latter type of degree is much more common, the hi cannot include what the nsf considers to be degrees in religion in the humanities degree counts for years prior to 1987. with cip - coded data, however, academic disciplines such as comparative religion can be separated from vocational programs such as theology and thus can be included in the humanities degree tally. additionally, when using cip - coded data, the hi can include degrees in all the excluded disciplines mentioned above, from art history to holocaust studies, in its counts of humanities degrees from 1987 onward. for an inventory of the nsf and cip disciplinary categories included by the hi under the broad academic field headings ( “ humanities, ” “ natural sciences, ” etc. ) used throughout part ii of the hi, see the nsf and cip discipline code catalog. this catalog also indicates which degree programs the hi includes within specific humanities disciplines ( e. g., for the purposes of the hi, english degrees include those classified under cip as being in “ english language and literature, ” “ american literature, ” and “ creative writing, ” among others ). in constructing indicators that use ipeds data to track historical trends in the academic humanities, the hi has employed completion data that were classified using both the nsf and cip systems. in these cases, either a note accompanying the chart or a break in the trend line indicates where estimates based on the nsf classification system leave off and those based on cip begin. for those indicators reporting degree data gathered in 1987 or more recently ( 1995 or more recently for the charts and tables describing the proportions of all degrees received by members of racial / ethnic minority groups ), cip - coded data are used. in the case of several of the degree - related indicators, the humanities are compared to certain other fields such as the sciences and engineering. the nature of these fields is specified in the statement on the scope of the “ humanities ”


coded data are used. in the case of several of the degree - related indicators, the humanities are compared to certain other fields such as the sciences and engineering. the nature of these fields is specified in the statement on the scope of the “ humanities ” for purposes of the humanities indicators. these broad fields do not encompass all postsecondary programs. therefore, where fields are being compared in terms of their respective shares of all degrees, the percentages will not add up to 100 %. also, none of the graphs showing change over time in the share of degrees awarded to members of traditionally underrepresented ethnic / minority groups includes a data point for the academic year 1999, because the nces did not release data for that year. the degree counts presented as part of the hi do not include “ second majors ” because nces began collecting data about these degrees only in 2001. the hi deals separately with the issue of second majors in figure ii - 1c ( “ humanities bachelor ' s degrees earned as ‘ second majors, ’ 2001 – 2010 ” ). data on the number of students completing minors are not collected as part of ipeds, but such information was compiled for selected humanities disciplines as part of the american academy of arts and sciences – sponsored humanities departmental survey ( hds ; see the hds final report, page 8, table 12 ). back to content


altair 8800 computer with 8 inch floppy disk systemthe mits altair 8800 was a microcomputer design from 1975, based on the intel 8080 cpu and sold as a mail - order kit through advertisements in popular electronics, radio - electronics and other hobbyist magazines. the designers intended to sell only a few hundred to hobbyists, and were surprised when they sold thousands in the first month. today the altair is widely recognized as the spark that led to the personal computer revolution of the next few years : the computer bus designed for the altair was to become a de facto standard in form of the s - 100 bus, and the first programming language for the machine was microsoft ' s founding product, altair basic. history while serving at the air force weapons laboratory at kirtland air force base, ed roberts and forrest m. mims iii decided to use their electronics background to produce small kits for model rocket hobbyists. in 1969, roberts and mims, along with stan cagle and robert zaller, founded micro instrumentation and telemetry systems ( mits ) in roberts ' garage in albuquerque, new mexico, and started selling radio transmitters and instruments for model rockets. the model rocket kits were a modest success and mits wanted to try a kit that would appeal to more hobbyists. the november 1970 issue of popular electronics featured the opticom, a kit from mits that would send voice over a led light beam. mims and cagle were losing interest in the kit business so roberts bought his partners out, then began developing a calculator kit. electronic arrays had just announced a set of 6 lsi ics that would make a four function calculator. the mits 816 calculator kit used the chip set and was featured on the november 1971 cover of popular electronics. this calculator kit sold for $ 175 ( $ 275 assembled. ) forrest mims wrote the assembly manual for this kit and many others over the next several years. he often accepted a copy of the kit as payment. the calculator was successful and was proceeded by several improved models. the mits 1440 calculator was featured in the july 1973 issues of radio - electronics. it had a 14 digit display, memory and square root. the kit sold for $ 200 and the assembled version was $ 250. mits later developed a programmer unit that would connect to the 816 or 1440 calculator and allow programs of 256 steps. in additions to calculators, mits made a


sold for $ 200 and the assembled version was $ 250. mits later developed a programmer unit that would connect to the 816 or 1440 calculator and allow programs of 256 steps. in additions to calculators, mits made a line of test equipment kits. these included an ic tester, a waveform generator, a digital voltmeter and several other instruments. to keep up with the demand, mits moved into a larger building at 6328 linn ne in albuquerque in 1973. they installed a wave soldering machine and an assembly line at the new location. in 1972, texas instruments developed its own calculator chip and started selling complete calculators at less than half the price of other commercial models. mits and many other companies were devastated by this, and roberts struggled to reduce his quarter - million - dollar debt. popular electronics january 1975 popular electronics with the altair 8800 computerin january 1972, popular electronics merged with another ziff - davis magazine, electronics world. the change in editorial staff upset many of their authors and they started writing for a competing magazine, radio - electronics. in 1972 and 1973 some of the best construction projects appeared in radio - electronics. art salsberg became editor in 1974 with goal of reclaiming the lead in projects. he was impressed with don lancaster ' s tv typewriter ( radio electronics, september 1973 ) article and wanted computer projects for popular electronics. don lancaster did an ascii keyboard for popular electronics in april 1974. they were evaluating a computer trainer project by jerry ogdin when the mark - 8 8008 based computer by jonathan titus appeared on the july 1974 cover of radio - electronics. the computer trainer was put on hold and the editors looked for a real computer system. ( popular electronics gave jerry ogdin a column, computer bits, starting in june 1975. ) one of the editors, les solomon, knew mits was working on an intel 8080 based computer project and thought roberts could provide the project for the always popular january issue. the tv typewriter and the mark - 8 computer projects were just a detailed set of plans and a set of bare printed circuit boards. the hobbyist faced the daunting task of acquiring all of the integrated circuits and other components. the editors of popular electronics wanted a complete kit in a professional looking enclosure. the typical mits product had a generic name like " model 1600 digital voltmeter. " ed roberts was busy finishing the design and left the naming of the computer to the editors of popular electronics. at the first


kit in a professional looking enclosure. the typical mits product had a generic name like " model 1600 digital voltmeter. " ed roberts was busy finishing the design and left the naming of the computer to the editors of popular electronics. at the first altair computer convention ( march 1976 ) editor les solomon told the audience that the name was inspired by his 12 - year - old daughter, lauren. " she said why do not you call it altair - that ' s where the enterprise is going tonight. " the star trek episode is probably amok time, as this is the only one from the original series which takes the enterprise crew to altair ( six ). a more probable version is that the altair was originally going to be named the pe - 8 ( popular electronics 8 - bit ), but les solomon thought this name to be rather dull, so les, alexander burawa ( associate editor ), and john mcveigh ( technical editor ) decided that " it ' s a stellar event, so let ' s name it after a star. " mcveigh suggested " altair ", the twelfth brightest star in the sky. ed roberts and bill yates finished the first prototype in october 1974 and shipped it to popular electronics in new york via the railway express agency. however, it never arrived due to a strike by the shipping company. the first example of this groundbreaking machine isthereforelost to history. solomon already had a number of pictures of the machine and the article was based on them. roberts got to work on building a replacement. the computer on the magazine cover is an empty box with just switches and leds on the front panel. the finished altair computer had a completely different circuit board layout than the prototype shown in the magazine. the january 1975 issues appeared on newsstands a week before christmas of 1974 and the kit was officially ( if not yet practically ) available for sale. intel 8080 ed roberts had designed and manufactured programmable calculators and was familiar with the microprocessors available in 1974. the intel 4004 and intel 8008 were not powerful enough, the national semiconductor imp - 8 and imp - 16 required external hardware, the motorola 6800 was still in development so he chose the 8 - bit intel 8080. at that time, intel ' s main business was selling memory chips by the thousands to computer companies. they had no experience in selling small quantities of microprocessors. when the 8080 was introduced in april 1974, intel set the single unit price


that time, intel ' s main business was selling memory chips by the thousands to computer companies. they had no experience in selling small quantities of microprocessors. when the 8080 was introduced in april 1974, intel set the single unit price at $ 360. " that figure had a nice ring to it, " recalled intel ' s dave house in 1984. " besides, it was a computer, and they typically cost thousands of dollars, so we felt it was a reasonable price. " ed roberts had experience in buying oem quantities of calculator chips and he was able to negotiate a $ 75 price for the 8080 microprocessor chips. customers would ask intel if they could get same the low prices that mits must be paying for 8080 family chips. some salesmen said that mits was getting cosmetic rejects or otherwise inferior chips. in july 1975, intel sent a letter to its sales force stating that the mits altair 8800 computer used standard intel 8080 parts and that no one should make derogatory comments about valued customers like mits. the letter was reprinted in the august 1975 issue of mits computer notes. the " cosmetic defect " rumor has appeared in many accounts over the years despite the fact that both mits and intel issued written denials in 1975. the launch the induction of the altair 8800 happened at just right time. for around ten years colleges had required science and engineering majors to take a course in computer programming ; typically using the fortran or basic languages. this meant there was a sizeable customer base who knew about computers. in 1970, electronic calculators were not seen outside of a laboratory but by 1974 they were a common household item. calculators and video games like pong introduced computer power to the general public. electronics hobbyists were moving on to digital projects such as digital voltmeters and frequency counters. there were intel 8008 based computer systems available in 1974 but they were not powerful enough to run a high level language like basic. the altair had enough power to be actually useful, and was designed as an expandable system that opened it up to all sorts of applications. ed roberts optimistically told his banker that he could sell 800 computers and he knew they needed to sell 200 over the next year just to break even. when readers got the january issue of popular electronics, mits was flooded with inquires and orders. they had to hire extra people just to answer the phones. in february mits received 1000 orders for the altair


year just to break even. when readers got the january issue of popular electronics, mits was flooded with inquires and orders. they had to hire extra people just to answer the phones. in february mits received 1000 orders for the altair 8800. the quoted delivery time was 60 days but it was months before they could meet that. roberts focused on delivering the computer ; all of the options would wait until they could keep pace with the orders. mits claimed to have delivered 2500 altair 8800s by the end of may. the number was over 5000 by august 1975. mits had under 20 employees in january but had grown to 90 by october 1975. altair 8800 computer was profitable but expansion bus would allow mits to sell extra memory and interface boards. the system came with a " 1024 word " memory board populated with 256 bytes. the basic language was announced in july 1975 and it required one or two 4096 word memory boards and an interface board. mits price list, popular electronics, august 1975. | altair 8800 computer | | $ 439 | | $ 621 | | 1024 word memory board | | $ 97 | | $ 139 | | 4096 word memory board | | $ 264 | | $ 338 | | parallel interface board | | $ 92 | | $ 114 | | serial interface board ( rs - 232 ) | | $ 119 | | $ 138 | | serial interface board ( teletype ) | | $ 124 | | $ 146 | | audio cassette interface board | | $ 128 | | $ 174 | | teletype asr 33 | | n. a. | | $ 1500 | 4k basic language ( when purchased with altair, 4096 words of memory and interface board ) $ 608k basic language ( when purchased with altair, two 4096 word memory boards and interface board ) $ 75mits had no competition for the first half of 1975. their 4k memory board used dynamic ram and it had several design problems. the delay in shipping optional boards and the problems with the 4k memory board created an opportunity for outside suppliers. an enterprising altair owner, robert marsh, designed a 4k static memory that was plug - in compatible with the altair 8800 and sold for $ 255. his company was processor technology, one of the most successful altair compatible board suppliers. their advertisement in the july 1975 issue of popular electronics promised interface and prom boards in addition to the 4k memory board. they


8800 and sold for $ 255. his company was processor technology, one of the most successful altair compatible board suppliers. their advertisement in the july 1975 issue of popular electronics promised interface and prom boards in addition to the 4k memory board. they would later develop a popular video display board that would plug directly into the altair. a consulting company in san leandro, california, ims associates inc., wanted to purchase several altair computers but the long delivery time convinced them that they should build their own computers. in the october 1975 popular electronics, a small advertisement announced the imsai 8080 computer. the ad noted that all boards were " plug compatible " with the altair 8800. the computer cost $ 439 for a kit. the first 50 imsai computers shipped in december 1975. the imsai 8080 computer improved on the original altair design in several areas. it was easier to assemble, the altair required 60 wire connections between the front panel and the mother board ( backplane. ) the imsai motherboard had 18 slots. the mits motherboard consisted of 4 slots segments that had to be connected together with 100 wires. the imsai also had a larger power supply to handle the increasing number of expansion boards used in typical systems. the imsai advantage was short lived because mits had recognized these shortcomings and developed the altair 8800b which was introduced in june 1976. description in the first design of the altair, the parts needed to make a complete machine would not fit on a single motherboard, and the machine consisted of four boards stacked on top of each other with stand - offs. a further problem facing roberts was that the parts needed to make a truly useful computer weren ' t available, or wouldn ' t be designed in time for the january launch date. so during the construction of the second model, he decided to build most of the machine on removable cards, reducing the motherboard to nothing more than an interconnect between the cards, a backplane. the basic machine consisted of five cards, including the cpu on one and memory on another. he then looked for a cheap source of connectors, and came across a supply of 100 - pin edge connectors. the s - 100 bus was eventually acknowledged by the professional computer community and adopted as the ieee - 696 computer bus standard. for all intents, the altair bus consists of the pins of the intel 8080 run out onto the backplane. no specific level of thought went into the design,


professional computer community and adopted as the ieee - 696 computer bus standard. for all intents, the altair bus consists of the pins of the intel 8080 run out onto the backplane. no specific level of thought went into the design, which led to such disasters as shorting from various power lines of differing voltages being located next to each other. a further oddity was that the system included two unidirectional 8 - bit data buses, but only a single bidirectional 16 - bit address bus. a deal on power supplies led to the use of + 8v and + 18v, which had to be locally regulated on the cards to ttl ( + 5v ) or rs - 232 ( + 12v ) standard voltage levels. altair 8800b computer front panelthe altair shipped in a two - piece case. the backplane and power supply were mounted on a base plate, along with the front and rear of the box. the " lid " was shaped like a c, forming the top, left and right sides of the box. the front panel, which was inspired by the data general nova minicomputer, included a large number of toggle switches to feed binary data directly into the memory of the machine, and a number of red leds to read those values back out. programming the altair was an extremely tedious process where one toggled the switches to positions corresponding to an 8080 opcode, then used a special switch to enter the code into the machine ' s memory, and then repeated this step until all the opcodes of a presumably complete and correct program were in place. when the machine first shipped the switches and lights were the only interface, and all one could do with the machine was make programs to make the lights blink. nevertheless, many were sold in this form. roberts was already hard at work on extra cards, including a paper tape reader for storage, extra ram cards, and a rs - 232 interface to connect to a proper terminal. software main article : altair basic around this time roberts received a letter from a seattle company asking if he would be interested in buying its basic programming language for the machine. he called the company and reached a private home, where no one had heard of anything like basic. in fact the letter had been sent by bill gates and paul allen from the boston area, and they had no basic yet to offer. when they called roberts to follow up on the letter he expressed his interest, and the two started work on


basic. in fact the letter had been sent by bill gates and paul allen from the boston area, and they had no basic yet to offer. when they called roberts to follow up on the letter he expressed his interest, and the two started work on their basic interpreter using a self - made simulator for the 8080 on a pdp - 10 minicomputer. they figured they had 30 days before someone else beat them to the punch, and once they had a version working on the simulator, allen flew to albuquerque to deliver the program, altair basic ( aka mits 4k basic ), on a paper tape. the first time it was run, it displayed " altair basic, " then crashed, but that was enough for them to join ; the next day, they brought in a new paper tape and it ran. the first program ever typed in, was " 2 + 2 ", and up came the " 4. " gates soon joined allen and formed microsoft, then spelled " micro - soft ". emulators simh emulates altair 8800 with both 8080 and z80. resource : part or all of the information provided in this section is brought to you via wikipedia and other similar sites. please repsect their licenses and for more information visit the homepages of these sites.


principal investigator ( s ) : marx, gary t. summary : this study is part of the university of california ' s five - year study of anti - semitism in the united states. as a result of the outbreak of black rioting during the summer of 1964, it was decided to expand the proposed black subsample of the national sample to a larger black oversample in order to study the climate of opinion in the black american community. these black respondents were selected by drawing five samples : one general metropolitan sample and four urban samples from chicago, new... ( view full summary ) persistent url : http : / / dx. doi. org / 10. 3886 / icpsr07002. v1 one or more data files in this study are set up in a non - standard format, such as card image format. users may need help converting these files before they can be used for analysis. these data are available only to users at icpsr member institutions. you will be asked to log in prior to downloading the data. this study was originally provided by icpsr. icpsr provides leadership and training in data access, curation, and methods of analysis for a diverse and expanding social science research community. data use tutorial ( introduction for new users )


evaluating the use of process mapping and visual storyboarding in the classroom stephanie munson, assistant professor, industrial design program | university of illinois, chicago kevin reeder, idsa, associate professor, industrial design program | georgia institute of technology at the 2005 eastman / idsa education conference, stephen wilcox gave a presentation on procedure mapping. the next day, kevin reeder, with stephanie munson, discussed visual storyboarding. both procedure mapping and visual storyboarding are communication methods that emphasize viewing and discussing the entire use, storage to storage, of a product. in turn, the design team uses the broad view to pinpoint areas where greater research is needed, a competitive market edge can be achieved, opportunities for innovation can be identified, and empathy for the user becomes critical. as a process communication tool, a procedure or process map / visual storyboard can be a fluid, pin - up device to communicate project concerns to all parties involved. it can example the overlap of industrial design and business marketing issues or industrial design to manufacturing. in all cases, process mapping and visual storyboarding provide a broad, overarching message to the participants in the product development process. at the 2005 eastman idsa education conference, stephen wilcox, a principal at design science, discussed the value of using information graphics to make complex forms of information understandable. as example, dr. wilcox discussed the construction of a procedure map and its function as a communication tool within the design team as well as with the client. michael lee smith, director of process improvement at ets, on corporate procedures states that “ process mapping is a technique for making work visible. ” and “ there has probably never been a process map developed where someone has not said, ‘ why are we doing it that way? ’. ” chris ahoy, associate vice president at iowa state university describes a process map as “ a workflow diagram to bring forth a clear understanding of a process or series of parallel processes. ” adrian mallon in an internet article states storyboards need not take the considerable time that some think that it does, depending on how one goes about it ( “ storyboarding multimedia ” 1 ). and there are significant advantages to be considered. there is a document, which everyone can point to as a common point of reference, enabling the design team ( which includes client ) to say, ‘ yes, that is what i meant ’, or ‘ no, we ’ ve a problem here ’. problems may be spotted from the storyboard that may have proven more costly to correct at a later stage.


david furman, born in berdichev in 1919, was one of the 1. 1 million soviet soldiers who fought in the battle of stalingrad, the seven - month battle that turned the war on the eastern front and left one and a quarter million german and soviet soldiers dead. furman left school at the age of fourteen to become a carpenter like his father, but he was drafted into the army in 1939. he was stationed in the far east until the war broke out in 1941, when he was taken to the front. he fought at the front until 1943, when he lost his leg in battle. by the time that stalingrad began, in august 1942, furman had already received word that his entire family — his father, zelig ; his mother, leyke ; his sister, kheyved and his two brothers, moyshe and berl - - had been murdered by the nazis in berdichev. he knew what he was fighting for. in this clip, furman, whom we first met at the synagogue soup kitchen in which the interview takes place, tells about his experience in the war. viewers should note that the question posed to him is “ tell us something about berdichev? were you born in berdichev? tell us about the old days? tell us about your schooling? ” rather than talk about his childhood or his hometown, furman shares with us his proudest moment - - his military service. he rushes through his childhood and neglects his postwar life, but straightens his back, raises his chin, and lets out a smile as he tells us that he fought in stalingrad! not only that, but he pulls out of his pocket a snapshot of himself decorated with military medals, as though he expected an international camera crew to show up at the soup kitchen that day. for david furman, every day is victory day.


what every tech pro should know about ' green computing ' for most companies, the movement is about saving money, not the environment. but it ' s getting better at both. forget al gore and his oscar for a global warming documentary. to gauge how today ' s trendy green movement is affecting computing, skip hollywood and head to wall street. there, green computing isn ' t a save - the - planet - for - our - kids movement. it ' s about the other green : cutting operating costs as the demand for computing power soars. it ' s a movement grounded in measurable, near - term results. " the top priority at hand is data center efficiency, " says sabet elias, cto of investment bank lehman brothers, which last year boosted energy efficiency 25 % and set a goal of another 35 % by next year. white papersmore > > it ' s not just financial services companies, with their huge processing needs, that stand to benefit from green computing. companies in every industry, from nonprofits to consumer goods, are paying much closer attention to their power bills, as the amount spent on data center power has doubled elias wants to cut energy use 35 % at lehman brothers. still, it execs would be wise to keep an eye on more than the economics of energy - efficient computing. energy consumption has gotten so huge - - u. s. data centers consume as much power in a year as is generated by five power plants - - that policy makers are taking notice and considering more regulation. a group of government and industry leaders is trying to set a clear standard for what constitutes a " green " computer, a mark that it execs might find themselves held to. global warming concerns could spark a public opinion swing - - either a backlash against big data centers or a pr win for companies that can paint themselves green. it vendors are piling on, making energy efficiency central to their sales pitches and touting eco - friendly policies such as " carbon - neutral computing. " one under - the - radar example of what ' s changing is a long acronym you ' ll start hearing more : epeat, or the electronic product environmental assessment tool. epeat was created through an institute of electrical and electronics engineers council because companies and government agencies wanted to put green criteria in it requests for proposals. epeat got a huge boost on jan. 24 when president bush signed an executive order requiring that 95 % of electronic products procured by federal agencies meet epeat standards, as long there ' s a standard


old age is not a disease as a result of advances in veterinary medicine, more knowledgeable care and improved nutrition, dogs are now living much longer, healthier lives. but, just as for humans, the passage of time has its effects, and you may begin to notice that your once - frisky pet seems to have slowed down a bit. being aware of the natural changes that can occur as your dog reaches his or her golden years, as well as what you can do to help keep your pet as healthy, active and comfortable as possible, can ensure that you both enjoy this final stage in your dog ' s life to the fullest. how - and when - will i know that my dog is getting " old "? as dogs move into the geriatric phase of their lives, they experience gradual changes that are remarkably like those of aging humans : hair turns grey, their bodies are not as limber and reflexes not as sharp as they once were, hearing, eyesight and the sense of smell may deteriorate and energy levels, as well as attention spans, seem to diminish. in fact, the first sign of aging is often a general decrease in activity, combined with a tendency to sleep longer and more soundly. such signs may begin to manifest themselves before 8 years in large breeds like great danes, while smaller breeds can remain youthful until 12 years and even longer. furthermore, a healthy dog, will most likely age later than one that has been affected by disease or environmental problems early in life. again, as with humans, the aging process will vary with the individual. your veterinarian will be able to judge when it ' s time to consider your pet a " senior ". checkup time now comes twice a year as your dog ages, regular checkups at the veterinarian ’ s become more important than ever. in fact, at this stage of your pet ’ s life, it is recommended that he or she receive a thorough examination every 6 months, as adult dogs can age as much as 3 years ( in human terms ) within the period of one calendar year. besides the usual complete physical examination, your veterinarian may conduct a urine and fecal analysis as well as ultrasound or other imaging tests. furthermore, many vets now recommend minimum yearly blood screens for senior pets. keep your vet informed most importantly, you should tell your veterinarian about any noticeable change in your dog ' s physical condition or behaviour. a problem that you may assume is simply related to your pet ' s


minimum yearly blood screens for senior pets. keep your vet informed most importantly, you should tell your veterinarian about any noticeable change in your dog ' s physical condition or behaviour. a problem that you may assume is simply related to your pet ' s advanced age may actually be the result of a treatable medical condition. for example, your dog ' s reluctance to exercise may not stem from the normal decrease in energy that comes with age, but from arthritis or a heart condition both of which can be managed with the proper treatment. regular, semi - annual checkups can thus help your veterinarian work out a suitable preventative health program for your pet and catch any problems sufficiently early to provide effective treatment. working together, you can both ensure that your dog ' s senior years will be healthy and happy ones. something to chew on as your pet ages, your dog ’ s nutritional needs may also change. you may find that, although your pet is eating less, he still puts on weight. this could be due to a slowdown of his metabolism or a decrease in his activity. excess weight can aggravate many canine medical conditions, including heart, respiratory, skin and joint problems. to help a portly pet reduce, try feeding smaller quantities of food or gradually switch to a diet that is lower in calories. other dogs have entirely the opposite problem – they lose weight as they age, sometimes as the result of heart or periodontal disease or diabetes. in either case, ask your veterinarian for advice about your pet ’ s individual nutritional requirements. put comfort on the menu you should also ensure that your dog is comfortable while eating. most pet owners place food dishes and water bowls on the floor, but this may be a source of discomfort for a large or overweight dog, or for one whose arthritis makes it difficult – or even painful – to bend down. many pet supply outlets have eating tables that are specially designed with cut - outs for food and water containers and available in various heights to suit various sizes of dogs. or you can fashion your own inexpensive solution to this problem : for example, a plastic crate covered in a towel to absorb spills. senior dog food do ’ s & don ’ ts - since food with high mineral and protein content should be avoided, ask your veterinarian for recommendations about a type that ’ s right for your dog. - do consider, in consultation with your veterinarian, increasing the level of fibre in his diet, especially if he suffers from frequent constipation. - don


veterinarian for recommendations about a type that ’ s right for your dog. - do consider, in consultation with your veterinarian, increasing the level of fibre in his diet, especially if he suffers from frequent constipation. - don ’ t feed your dog between - meal snacks or table scraps. the top 10 health tips for senior dogs - take your dog to his or her veterinarian for twice - yearly checkups. - become informed about conditions and diseases common to senior dogs, be on the lookout for symptoms and, should they arise, inform your dog ’ s veterinarian promptly. - feed your dog the best food you can afford and consider giving him two small meals a day rather than one large one. - don ’ t overfeed - obesity causes many health problems and may shorten your dog ’ s life. - consider, on your veterinarian ’ s recommendation, the use of dietary supplements such as glucosamine / chondroitin for arthritis. - make sure your dog receives adequate exercise, according to his physical capacities. - look after your dog ’ s dental health. brush his teeth daily and have them cleaned professionally when your veterinarian so advises. - have your veterinarian do a risk assessment to determine an appropriate vaccination protocol for your dog. - do your utmost to control ticks and fleas and make sure your dog and his environment ( his bed, play area, etc. ) are always spotlessly clean. - give your dog lots of love and attention and do all you can to keep him interested, active, happy and comfortable. back to top


wallace & gromit teach kids about invention and intellectual property 17 may 2012 wallace and gromit, the world - famous characters developed by british studio aardman animation, are the stars of an interactive exhibition on innovation and intellectual property ( ip ) which opened at scienceworks in melbourne on 19 may. wallace & gromit ’ s world of invention showcases innovation and creativity in everyday life, highlighting the important link between invention and ip protection. visitors walk through different rooms in wallace and gromit ’ s “ house ”, where they can view both real and imaginary innovations, learn about important australian inventors and discover how ip rights work in practice. visitors are also encouraged to get creative themselves with activities such as devising a smoothie recipe and logo, inventing household tools and singing their hearts out in the karaoke disco shower. we are the principal sponsor of the exhibition in australia and have worked with scienceworks to ensure that the exhibition contains strong and accurate ip messages that are relevant to an australian audience. we hope that the exhibition inspires a new generation of australian inventors who understand ip rights and how to use them to protect their inventions. the exhibition will be in melbourne until 11 november 2012 and then move to the powerhouse museum in sydney from 12 december 2012 until 26 may 2013. tickets are $ 19 for adults, $ 7. 50 for concession holders and $ 6 for children. we will be organising a number of events, competitions and activities associated with the exhibition so keep an eye on out for details. you can visit the scienceworks ' website for more information. last updated : 29 / 11 / 2012


the idaho educational services for the deaf and the blind ( iesdb ) accessible instructional materials library acquires, maintains and distributes specialized instructional materials, as well as coordinates and produces textbooks in braille and large print, to assist school districts and educators to provide blind and visually impaired students with an appropriate education and equal access to the general curriculum. as an authorized user ( au ) of the national instructional materials access center ( nimac ), iesdb, at the school district ' s request, can facilitate the assignment of national instructional materials accessibility standard ( nimas ) files to accessible media producers. lea ' s can then access those converted files in audio or digital for eligible blind, visually impaired, and print disabled students. the iesdb aim library is able to offer the following resources for loan : braille writers, tape recorders, slate and styluses, pre - braille and literacy kits, tactile tools, raised lined maps, standardized tests, some assessment tools, and other materials provided by federal quota funds through the american printing house for the blind ( aph ) for eligible legally blind students. large print : dorothy ogden forms for requests are listed below, please fill out the appropriate form, sign and return to the address listed on the form. 1 - assessible formats of print, click now 2 - student data, click now 3 - book request form, click now 4 - eligibility & certification for specialized formats of print, click now


21 feb 2009 gratitude is often lacking in our world today. people are so wrapped up in their own lives that they forget to appreciate what others have done for them. gratitude is a character trait that we should try to develop and nurture in our children and in each other. it ’ s quite simple to thank others for their support, thoughtfulness, helpfulness and caring. have you done things for others and have them go unappreciated or even unnoticed? as grounded as we may be spiritually, emotionally and or mentally, repeatedly feeling unappreciated can affect our sense of self. we all thrive and do better when we experience being appreciated, our well - being is uplifted. a little appreciation and gratitude can improve moods, situations, relationships and outcomes. when we are blessed by others in surprising and unexpected ways, there are a number of ways to show our appreciation and gratitude. simply saying, “ thank you ” is a great start. writing thank you notes is another traditional way of expressing gratitude and nice to do when you have received a gift. it ’ s also thoughtful to do when someone has gone out of their wat to do something special for you. when we let others know through our words or actions that we truly appreciate them, it uplifts them and causes a ripple effect of gratitude. it ’ s a good practice to acknowledge the ways that your family, friends and co - workers are been good to you in supportive and thoughtful ways. imagine what the our families, friendships and places of employment would be like if we showed more appreciation and gratitude. so how will you extend and show more gratitude and appreciation to others this upcoming week ….. with many blessings to you and yours,


professor peter hayes ( northwestern u. ) specializes in thehistory of germany in the 20th century, particularly the nazi period. he did an admirable speaking job, presenting a dark and serious topic while dealing gracefully with the challenges of a late evening audience digesting its dinner and a very noisy, joyful event happening in the room next door. learn more about peter hayes at http : / / www. history. northwestern. edu / people / hayes. html. professor hayes challenged eight widely - believed " facts " about the holocaust, pointing out that when the public thinks it knows something, scholarship often has trouble making itself heard. his hope was that the audience at ajl might be more receptive than many others, and allow new ideas to penetrate. here are the eight misconceptions that, when examined more closely, turn out to be untrue. ( from notes scribbled during the keynote address, please forgive any errors. ) 1. anti - semitism played a major role in bringing hitler to power. apparently we ' ve put the cart before the horse. " more germans became anti - semites because they became nazis, than became nazis because they were anti - semites. " 2. killing jews was hitler ' s goal from the beginning. the original intention seems to have been to remove the jews from german - held territory, but it soon became apparent that by gaining territory they were gaining jewish residents. the more practical way to remove them was to kill them, but the nazis realized this only after they started taking over other countries. 3. theallies could have saved many more jews than they did. anti - immigrant sentiment was very strong at the time, and politicians who pushed for bringing in more jews would have been voted out of office. also, 3 / 4 of the six million were killed out of reach of allied intervention in northeastern europe, in a short period of time, while the germans seemed to be winning the war. 4. jews could have done more to save themselves. jews were a tiny percent of the population in all the countries where they lived, and being more assertive wouldn ' t have had much impact on the larger population ' s opinions / actions. the jewish ghetto uprisings that did happen were quickly squashed and didn ' t really save lives, so more uprisings probably wouldn ' t have saved more lives. 5. greater solidarity with or sympathy for jews in europe would have saved more jews. individual people saved other individual people, but to really raise the numbers you would have


really save lives, so more uprisings probably wouldn ' t have saved more lives. 5. greater solidarity with or sympathy for jews in europe would have saved more jews. individual people saved other individual people, but to really raise the numbers you would have needed institutions or governments working to save jews. more jews were saved by the collaborating french government than by individual righteous gentiles, just because governments have more power than individuals. but most of the governments in europe had been taken over by the nazis. 6. killing jews diverted resources and weakened the german war effort. it didn ' t take large numbers of guards or even trains to deal with imprisoning / killing jews, compared to the number of soldiers overall. 7. persecution of jews was driven by greed ( ie the desire to take the jews ' possessions ). taking jewish possessions was a side benefit for the nazis, not their main goal. they got more money by taking over banks in the countries they invaded than by taking jewish possessions. 8. the holocaust represents modernity and its dangers. the image of mechanized murder has been overblown. " auschwitz was a dis - assembly line, but more like a 19th century slaughterhouse than a modern factory. " most killing was done with simple tools : a gun, carbon dioxide from a car. and cultural genocide is certainly not a new idea. conclusion : the common denominator of all 8 myths is the desire to shield ourselves from the horror, to think that thinks could have been better or to find a place to lay blame. but these are prettifications of history. posted via web from the ajl convention blog


it ’ s what was for dinner there are 650 species of river snails in north america which makes this continent the richest in the world for these tiny animals. many of these are shell dwelling soft bodied gastropods that live in the streams and rivers of the southeastern region of our country. within this group is a genus called leptoxis ( or more commonly known as anculosa ) which are gill breathing and operculum bearing snails that usually live in the bottom of reasonably fast flowing streams in the middle south to southern midwest. of the thirty three known members of the leptoxis genus, many are now threatened with extinction because of river impoundment and siltation and industrial / agricultural pollutions. but during the prehistoric times in the region, the natives consumed the little mollusk anculosa because it was available in enormous numbers and became what was for dinner. most of us contemporary people would not wish to gather river snails for food but beginning perhaps as far back as the paleo period ( 10, 000 bc ) the american natives did just that. possibly during the archaic period and most likely during the woodland period ( 1000 bc to ad 1000 ) most definitely during the mississippian period ( ad 1000 to 1700 ) these people did harvest and eat the various river snails found in the waterways in the southeast. as the natives became more agrarian and began living in small permanent villages near the rivers and large streams, they were adjacent to the watery homes of the apparently easy to catch snails. probably during that time of clean natural water sources there were many millions of these mollusks for the taking and the natives did take them. we know that because there have been huge mounds of discarded mollusk shells found near rivers from kentucky to alabama and virginia to georgia. they would most likely have placed the snails in steatite or ceramic pots of boiling water and waited for the heat to force the little cooked animals from their shells so they could be eaten. the empty shells would have then been discarded or used for ornaments. the freshwater anculosa snails produce the calcium carbonate body coverings by excreting consumed calcium and other minerals and which harden into the protective shells. the outside of the shells are coated with a horny epidermal called periostracum which give the shells various colors from to tans and browns to gold and blue. these hues are most likely evolutionary means for the snails to camouflage themselves from predators such as fish, turtles, water birds and humans. there have been some large caches of anculosa shells,


tans and browns to gold and blue. these hues are most likely evolutionary means for the snails to camouflage themselves from predators such as fish, turtles, water birds and humans. there have been some large caches of anculosa shells, which look like miniature conch or whelk shells, found in the southeast and that were purposely altered to make beads. an edge of the shell whorl would have been rubbed against an abrasive substance such as sandstone or granite until a hole was made. or a hole was bored using a rotating chipped stone drill. a sinew string or thong could then have been passed through the manufactured hole and out through the natural shell opening through which the animal moved and ate. the beads, which are normally less than an inch long from the base of the whorls to the top of the spire, could have been strung into necklaces and bracelets, hung from the earlobes or sewn onto garments by using these holes. archaeological investigations have uncovered ancient burials that had thousands of these shell beads placed with the deceased. one grouping found in tennessee had an estimated one hundred thousand of the anculosa shell beads. calcium carbonate is a hard substance that any of you who have picked up a marine shell on a beach can attest. it must have taken almost countless hours for the bead makers to rub and / or drill holes in a hundred thousand beads. and that is just one of the many riverside groupings that has been found during the last hundred or so years. these little beads, which can still be found today as bleached and patinated white / grey shells, must have had some important meanings to the natives and we shall probably never know what those meanings were. but we do know that they extracted a source of food from the little mollusk. the little gastropods houses certainly had ornamental shell usage, but the anculosa snails themselves would have been what was for dinner. burch, j. t. 1989 north american freshwter snails dillon, robert t. 2000 the ecology of the freshwater molluscs emerson, thomas j. 2009 archaic societies : diversity and complexity across the goodrich, calvin 1922 the anculosae of the alabama river drainage lewis, t. m. n. & madeline kneberg 1959 “ the archaic culture in the middle south ”, american antiquity, vol. 25, no. 2 parmalee, paul w. 1906 “ remains form the aztalan site ”, wisconsin archaelogical society webb, william s. 1974 wood


information contained on this page is provided by newsusa, an independent third - party content provider. worldnow and this station make no warranties or representations in connection therewith. / national wildlife federation ) - many children are too busy tweeting to go outside and hear a real tweet. kids today spend an average of seven hours per day using electronic media but only four to seven minutes outside in unstructured outdoor play time. " the importance of media in today ' s world is indisputable, but a sky ' s - the - limit approach to technology can have a powerful downside for kids if it ' s not tempered with something more down to earth, " said lindsay legendre, manager of the national wildlife federation ' s be out there movement - - an effort to get more children outdoors more often. research shows that spending time outdoors makes kids grow lean and strong, enhances their imaginations and gives them time to let off steam and just be kids. the kaiser family foundation says children who spend too much time with technology are more likely to get fair or poor grades. as a result of research like this. nwf ' s be out there movement created the " outdoor play for every day : a parent ' s guide for overcoming common obstacles to kids and outdoor play, " which is loaded with tips and activities to help parents overcome the lure of technology and other common obstacles to getting kids outdoors. consider the following suggestions to maximize outdoor time while making peace with media and technology : * monkey see / monkey do. set a good example about limiting tech time, and your kids will be more likely to follow suit. talk to your kids, and let everyone have a say on the amount of time that screens will be used each week so ground rules are clear up front. * pay to play. encourage kids to earn screen time by balancing it with equal amounts of reading, chores or playing outside. len saunders, author of " keeping kids fit " and father of two, suggests that for every hour of physical activity, kids earn 30 minutes of tech time. * let ' em pick. offer kids a set amount of screen time each day and let them decide how to use it ( watch tv, play video games or surf the web ). if the weather is nice, and they want to trade their screen time for playing outdoors, they can bank their screen time for use on a rainy day. * go geocaching. take your kids on an outdoor adventure that combines popular gps technology and a treasure hunt. don ' t have


most packaged meals and snacks marketed to toddlers have more than the recommended amount of sodium per serving, meaning children as young as 1 are most likely eating far too much salt early in life, according to one of several studies on sodium presented this week. the studies were presented at the american heart association ' s epidemiology and prevention / nutrition, physical activity and metabolism 2013 scientific sessions in new orleans. the findings were alarming to researchers since there is evidence a child ' s sodium intake is related to the likelihood that he or she will develop hypertension as an adult. hypertension is a major risk factor of cardiovascular disease and the number - one killer of men and women in the united states. " the good news is that commercial foods for babies, when they start complimentary feeding from 4 to 12 months... are relatively low in sodium, " explains joyce maalouf, the study ' s lead author and a fellow at the national center for chronic disease prevention and health promotion at the centers for disease control and prevention. " but the products marketed to toddlers were significantly higher in sodium : more than 75 % of the toddler meals and snacks had high sodium content. " maalouf and her team reviewed more than 1, 100 products specifically marketed to babies and toddlers that were sold in grocery stores. any product that had more than 210 milligrams of sodium per serving was defined as being high in sodium, based on guidelines outlined by the institute of medicine and myplate. gov for salt intake and young children. some of the toddler meals tested had upwards of 630 milligrams of sodium per serving. meals and " savory snacks " had the highest amount of sodium compared to the cereal bars and fruit snacks that were tested. maalouf and her team are not releasing the brand names of the foods they tested but described the meals as being readily available in grocery stores aisles stocked with food for babies and toddlers. " we ' re talking meals that are pre - packed... like mac and cheese, pasta with meat sauce, pizza, or chicken and vegetables, " says maalouf. " these are not frozen meals, they ' re usually microwavable. "


wed december 12, 2012 scientists mourn popular wolf shot by a hunter originally published on wed december 12, 2012 1 : 34 pm the most popular wolf in yellowstone national park was shot by a hunter last week, a big blow to scientists and many wildlife enthusiasts who loved following her story. " she was very recognizable, and she was unique and everybody knew her, " says biologist douglas smith. the animal known as 832f had a beautiful gray coat and was the alpha female of the lamar canyon pack. smith has followed this wolf for years but only got to put a tracking collar on her in february. " i tried to catch her for several years prior to doing it, and she was so smart we couldn ' t. we do it with a helicopter, we dart them, we fly in on them. and she used the landscape to her advantage, " smith says. " i watched her. and every other wolf is running, she ' s watching, figuring out the next move to get away from us. " smith says that ' s an extraordinary wolf. " people in this world today crave something real, and our society is lacking that, and they could come to yellowstone and see real nature unfolding in front of their eyes with this very unique personality of a wolf, and they loved her. they thought it was great, " smith says. gray wolves were hunted and trapped to the point that there weren ' t any in the western u. s. by the 1930s. smith helped to bring wolves back to the park in the mid - 1990s and has studied them ever since. he says that closely watching wolves like 832 has taught biologists that they were wrong about the basic way wolf packs function. alpha females like 832 lead the packs — not the alpha males, as biologists long thought. " she was clearly in charge, and actually, typically males are better hunters than females. that was not true in this case. she was a great hunter, in fact brought down elk by herself single - handedly, " says smith. ' a level of tolerance ' wolves were only taken off the endangered species list in wyoming a few months ago, and this is the first season it ' s been legal to hunt wolves in all three states bordering yellowstone. wolf 832, who was taking a rare jaunt outside park boundaries when she was shot, is one of at least seven wolves from yellowstone that have been killed in legal hunts this year. hundreds more out of about 1, 800 in the northern rockies have also been killed. suzanne stone


a rare jaunt outside park boundaries when she was shot, is one of at least seven wolves from yellowstone that have been killed in legal hunts this year. hundreds more out of about 1, 800 in the northern rockies have also been killed. suzanne stone, a wolf expert from the environmental group defenders of wildlife, says the hunting is too aggressive. " this is not a legacy that anyone would want to have. this was one of the most successful wildlife reintroduction programs anywhere in the world. and it ' s being put in jeopardy now, " says stone. randy newberg hunts wolves and makes hunting television programs. he says tourists love wolves, but many people who live around them don ' t like them and hate that the federal government forced wolves on them. he thinks wolf hunts are easing the animosity many local people feel toward the predator. " having these hunting seasons has provided a level of tolerance again, " newberg says. smith says as much as he hates to lose a wolf as valuable as 832, he agrees. " to get support for wolves, you can ' t have people angry about them all the time, and so hunting is going to be part of the future of wolves in the west. we ' ve got to have it if we ' re going to have wolves, " smith says.


all systems secure kettering researcher develops a new communications architecture and protocol for safety critical systems in automotive applications that will make driving more safe and less costly for car companies. when you slam on your brakes unexpectedly while driving, do you worry that your car may not stop? do you wonder if your airbag will actually deploy correctly, given the infrequency of its use, or if your door might spring open during a collision, exposing your body as your car careens out of control? as a nation with highways jammed with drivers, most of us don ' t realize what sort of technology goes into safety systems on the cars we drive, such as brakes, steering and stability. we know they are probably expensive but short of that, as long as the safety system works, most of us are happy. when we lease or purchase a new vehicle, we typically assume it is safe to drive, since it has passed federal and state regulations. but the work in developing the dependable technology that helps a car stop or glide safely and smoothly over rough terrain is complex, highly sophisticated and very expensive for automakers to incorporate into your vehicle. kettering university ' s juan pimentel of the electrical and computer engineering dept. is fully aware of how difficult it is to develop dependable systems in cars. dependability is an important concept that involves safety, reliability, availability and security. what makes his most recent research exciting is that his dependable, simple and cost - efficient system not only works well with traditional combustion engines, but also with hybrid vehicles and electric propulsion systems, which may one day replace the cars we drive today. over the past several years pimentel has worked in the field of controller area networks ( can ) to develop an architecture and protocol for highly dependable ( otherwise known as safety - critical ) systems in automobiles. by definition, controller area networks work in conjunction with other electronic systems inside cars for various operations, such as braking and steering. unfortunately, there are no dependable systems on the market that are simple and inexpensive. so pimentel went about researching and developing an architecture and protocol he calls flexcan, which is based on can protocol and is suitable for highly dependable systems. pimentel also integrated safecan into his system, which deals with error detection and fault management of buses and nodes used to communicate electronically with other system components inside a vehicle. what does all this techno mumbo jumbo mean? in simple terms, pimentel has developed a highly dependable system that is simpler and cheaper for automakers to


of buses and nodes used to communicate electronically with other system components inside a vehicle. what does all this techno mumbo jumbo mean? in simple terms, pimentel has developed a highly dependable system that is simpler and cheaper for automakers to incorporate into their vehicle while sustaining the high quality of research necessary to create systems to protect drivers in case of emergencies. his work enhances the current can protocol used in the industry today, which is very different from what other companies and firms are currently doing. his architecture and protocol rely on commercially over the shelf ( cots ) can components available on the market. this is vastly different from other companies as they work in developing safety critical systems from scratch, which is costly and often times passed on to the automaker and thereby the consumer, due to the complexity involved in creating a system that works effectively. " to make these systems work efficiently and effectively, one needs an approach that considers all aspects of development and usage to achieve dependability at various levels. " for pimentel, the can protocol available in today ' s market still holds great potential and opportunity. " i want to build on and enhance what ' s already available in terms of can systems, since the basic operation of these systems works well, " he explained. " but i am going about utilizing these components with a little different twist. in previous years, you had specialists who worked in various capacities for safety critical systems, but not all specialists knew what the other was doing. thus, they didn ' t have afull understanding of how these systems worked in conjunction with each other in the broad range of operation, for example, in automotive applications, or how their work in this field affected the work of other engineers. " to address this trend, which has several pitfalls in pimentel ' s eyes, he approached the development of his system and protocol ( called flexcan and safecan ) from an interdisciplinary perspective, or what others might term a holistic approach. this method is new to safety critical systems development, one that utilizes pimentel ' s interdisciplinary training and experience. " to make these systems work efficiently and effectively, one needs an approach that considers all aspects of development and usage to achieve dependability at various levels, " he said. " flexcan considers advances and component availability in the following fields : application domain, embedded systems, protocols and networks, safety and reliability, real - time systems and systems engineering. " the development of flexcan began three years ago and is now at a stage that allows use of the system for


in the following fields : application domain, embedded systems, protocols and networks, safety and reliability, real - time systems and systems engineering. " the development of flexcan began three years ago and is now at a stage that allows use of the system for evaluation purposes in the design and incorporation of safety critical systems. in the past few years, some of the projects that utilized various aspects of flexcan include simulation, target implementation, diagnostics, network management, testing and verification. on april 28, pimentel held a demonstration in kettering ' s computer networking laboratory that involved a steer - by - wire system built on flexcan and safecan. representatives from the society of automotive engineers ( sae ) attended the demonstration and have shown considerable interest in standardizing this protocol. if this proves to be the case, pimentel said a large percentage of future cars might use the protocol, which " has tremendous, positive impact and implications for the university. " more than 20 representatives from such firms as ford, bosch, dspace, eds, delphi, lear, vector cantech inc., ricardo, and usdi attended the demonstration. john kaniarz, a 2003 computer engineering graduate from troy, mich., currently employed by gm, collaborated with pimentel on the development of safecan and continues working with him on the ongoing development and research associated with flexcan ' s potential. he became interested in this project during his spring 2003 capstone project. other researchers at the university of aviero, portugal and the university of padova in italy are also collaborating with pimentel on further analysis and development of flexcan and safecan. to learn more about this important research, visit to see http : / / www. kettering. edu / ~ jpimente / how this new development will impact the automotive industry at a time when other efforts achieve similar objectives based on technology developed from scratch. written by gary j. erwin


is it an allergy? drug allergies can be a confusing area for parents because an adverse reaction to a medication does not necessarily mean that the child is allergic to that medicine. in fact most drug - related symptoms will not be caused by an allergic reaction. nevertheless, whether it ’ s an allergic or a non - allergic reaction, all adverse drug events should be checked out by a doctor, as they can be very serious, even life - threatening. what are the symptoms of allergic reactions? most allergic reactions occur fairly soon after taking a medicine, however, it is possible to develop an allergic reaction after several weeks on a drug, or during subsequent use of medicine. the most common symptoms of an allergy include : - skin rash - facial swelling - shortness of breath and it ’ s worth noting that many of these are also the symptoms of a non - allergic reaction. what is anaphylaxis? while rare, it is the most serious allergic drug reaction and is a medical emergency. anaphylaxis symptoms usually start within minutes of exposure to a drug. symptoms of a possible anaphylactic reaction include : - tightening ( constriction ) of the airways and a swollen tongue or throat, causing trouble breathing - shock, with a severe drop in blood pressure - weak, rapid pulse - nausea, vomiting or diarrhoea - dizziness, light - headedness or loss of consciousness it ' s possible to have an allergic response to a drug that caused no problem in the past. common drug allergies this is the most common drug allergy, with penicillins, cephalosporins and sulfonamides ( those containing sulpher ) the main culprits. antibiotics can also cause non - allergic side effects such as a skin rash and digestive problems. allergic reactions can occur, but rarely, after a vaccination. usually an allergic reaction is triggered by other ingredients in the vaccine such as egg or neomycin, rather than the vaccine itself. non - allergic reactions to vaccines are common, but in most cases they aren ' t severe and symptoms improve quickly. what are non - allergic reactions? an allergy involves the body ’ s immune system identifying a chemical or substance as harmful and creating antibodies to attack it. in most cases, what appears to be an allergy is actually a reaction that doesn ' t involve the immune system. some drug reactions that are similar to, but may not be an allergic reaction include : - breathing difficulties : nonsteroidal anti -


most cases, what appears to be an allergy is actually a reaction that doesn ' t involve the immune system. some drug reactions that are similar to, but may not be an allergic reaction include : - breathing difficulties : nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drugs ( nsaids ) including aspirin and ibuprofen can cause asthma - like symptoms in some people so it ' s understandable why these can be confused with an allergy. - skin rashes : medicines can affect the skin in many different way, for example, sulfonamides may cause cause a rash by making the skin burn more easily in the sun. - stomach problems : nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea are common side effects with antibiotics. - dizziness or light - headedness : many medicines can cause this by lowering blood pressure or by affecting the central nervous system. - swelling of the face, lips, tonuge or other parts of the body : some medicines for high blood pressure and heart conditions can cause these symptoms directly without involving the immune system. who ’ s at risk? anyone can have an allergic reaction to a medicine but there are some factors that can suggest an increase in your risk, such as : - having a past allergic reaction to the same drug or another drug. if past reactions have been mild, you could be at risk of a more severe reaction. - taking a drug similar to one that caused a reaction in the past. - having a health condition that weakens your immune system. - having hay fever or another allergy. when to seek medical help inform your doctor of any reactions as it can influence whether you can be prescribed the same medicine again. if possible, see your doctor when the allergic reaction is occurring. this will help identify the cause and make sure you get treatment if it ' s needed. obviously if there are any severe symptoms or signs of anaphylaxis, seek urgent medical attention. related allergy articles this article was written by fiona baker for kidspot, australia ’ s best family health resource. sources include nps medicinewise. last revised : tuesday, 15 february 2011 this article contains general information only and is not intended to replace advice from a qualified health professional. - do i have postnatal depression? - are your kids getting enough green time? - 6 ways to reduce your risk of breast cancer today - being friendly with your breasts could save your life - sunscreen shock : just how safe is sunscreen for our kids? - why mums need breakfast too - digestive distress : how to


- school stuff christmas is the christian holiday that celebrates the day when christ was born. today, december 25th has taken on a bit of a different spin, with jolly ol ' st. nick bringing toys to all the girls and boys of the world on this december holiday. it takes all kinds of people to make the world go ' round. some people actually like paris hilton and others race snow shovels. go figure! don ' t be surprised if you see a lot of peeps sporting red ribbons december 1st. it ' s world aids day. find out more about it here. snow isn ' t that mysterious. it ' s white and cold, right? but do you even know what snowflakes are made out of? find out here. have you ever wondered where some christmas traditions started? get the 411 on the annual festivities here! winter solstice is the first day of winter. check out all the celebrations that take place on the shortest day of the year! kwanzaa and boxing day fall on the same day. find out all about both holidays in one handy story. do you know what the largest gift was? how about how tall the largest christmas angel ornament was? or the most expensive toy? you ' d never guess what it is. keep reading to find out... skeleton racers need strength, agility and, most importantly, guts. learn about this dangerous sport. the best part about being a sports fan is cheering on your favorite team when they win and booing and taunting them when they lose.


seattle - - a seattle nuclear watchdog group is accusing the federal government of failing to keep the public informed of radiation from the fukushima nuclear disaster. in the days following the earthquake and tsunami in japan, the u. s. began monitoring radiation from japan ' s leaking nuclear power plants. most of the public attention went to the air monitoring which showed little or no radiation coming our way. but things were different on the rain water side. " the level that was detected on march 24 was 41 times the drinking water standard, " said gerry pollet from heart of america northwest. he reviewed iodine 131 numbers released by the environmental protection agency last spring. " our government said no health levels, no health levels were exceeded. when in fact the rain water in the northwest is reaching levels 130 times the drinking water standards, " said pollet. elevated rain water samples were collected in portland, olympia and boise, which had the highest. but epa officials say the data was there for anyone to read on their website. a spokesman sent this statement, in part : " since iodine 131 has a very short half - life of approximately eight days, the levels seen in rainwater were expected to be relatively short in duration. " state health agencies added that they constantly monitored public drinking water sources and never found levels even approaching the unhealthy range. even the watchdog group admits, watering plants with water exposed only briefly to those levels is unlikely to cause health problems. but they say it ' s information the public deserves to know about. the epa points out this was a brief period of elevated radiation in rainwater, and says safe drinking water standards are based on chronic exposure to radiation over a lifetime.


hyperactivity, also referred to as attention - deficit hyperactivity disorder or adhd ( a - d - h - d ), is a condition that occurs when excessive levels of impulsiveness, inattentiveness, and hyperactivity characterize a child ' s behavior. although children can be diagnosed as having attention deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity, most experts agree that inattention and hyperactivity generally go hand and hand. hyperactivity is far from rare, and it occurs in boys more often than in girls. the condition is usually first noticed by teachers, because the child ' s activity and restlessness tend to impair schoolwork. hyperactive children refuse to sit still, and often fidget or squirm in their seats during class. they ' re prone to outbursts of temper, find it difficult to follow instructions, and have trouble remembering their assignments. they typically disrupt class, are involved in fights, have a poor self - image, and have a hard time making friends. one unfortunate aspect of the condition is that parents and teachers sometimes blame the child ' s problems in school on lack of effort, and this only complicates matters. fortunately, hyperactive children generally respond extremely well to treatment, which may consist of counseling, special education programs, or medication. for more information, consult a local health care professional.


in the late 1940s, knoxville ' s black community faced various challenges and experiences. they ranged from a ku klux klan cross - burning on lay avenue to student demonstrations at knoxville college for the firing of a popular professor. there were discussions about closing the ethel beck home for colored orphans. and there were sometimes controversial efforts to improve carl cowan park in west knox county. the news sentinel of june 18, 1946, reported that city detectives believed that the kkk was responsible for the burning of a cross in the 2600 block of lay avenue the night before. " detectives floyd raley and henry morris investigated, and the former said he was told that the demonstration was the result of a negro ' s planning to build a group of houses in the vicinity. the cross, about 10 feet tall and wrapped in soaked flammable rags, was burned near the former booker t. washington park, " the item stated. at the time, it was reported that the knoxville klavern of the kkk had a membership of 500 to 600. a former exalted cyclops, j. t. lewis, said he got out of the organization in november 1945 because of trouble over membership. " i had a man thrown out of the organization because he had caused trouble in the name of the klan, " he said. the knoxville council of community agencies on june 21, 1947, recommended that the ethel beck home be discontinued and that " its work be absorbed by the negro unit of john tarleton institute. " at the time, the beck home, which had been established in 1919, had 14 children. the three - member knox county commission and the knox county parks board wrangled over who had the authority to let a contract for the digging of a well " at the lowe ' s ferry pike negro park area " in january 1949. it seems that the matter was " settled peaceably after squires bob knott and harley bittle spoke strongly about the board getting the ' runaround ' on the matter. " almost a year later, the knoxville journal of dec. 21, 1949, reported that the " u. s. army engineers ' district office in nashville is considering county park board ' s request for construction of a breakwater and float at carl cowan park near lowe ' s ferry. the float will accommodate fishing and recreational boats, and the 200 - foot breakwater will protect the cove from wave action. " meanwhile, things were a bit more turbulent at knoxville college. the news sentinel of may 19, 1949, reported that classes were " suspended indefinitely


accommodate fishing and recreational boats, and the 200 - foot breakwater will protect the cove from wave action. " meanwhile, things were a bit more turbulent at knoxville college. the news sentinel of may 19, 1949, reported that classes were " suspended indefinitely — authorities act as students protest firing of teacher. " vice president john m. frazier said the student unrest began with the firing of popular professor the rev. e. a. paul, a middle - aged teacher of religion. quoted students said, " president j. reed miller asked paul to resign. the only reason given for that request is that mr. paul is not a graduate of xenia seminary in pittsburgh. " although paul was reluctant to discuss the situation, he confirmed that, adding that he " is a graduate of knoxville college, gammon theological seminary in atlanta and northwestern university. " the 250 - plus student body met in the college chapel and voted to hold demonstrations. they painted signs on the school buildings reading " we want paul " and " we want paul ; frazier can go. " the paint was washed from the buildings, but students vowed to continue their protests. classes were discontinued on orders from the executive committee of the board of trustees in pittsburgh. " classes will be resumed as soon as the demonstrations cease completely, " they said. robert j. booker is a freelance writer and former executive director of the beck cultural exchange center. he may be reached at 546 - 1576.


scientists from stanford university, the wildlife conservation society, the american museum of natural history, and other organizations are closing in on the answer to an important conservation question : how many humpback whales once existed in the north atlantic? building on previous genetic analyses to estimate the pre - whaling population of north atlantic humpback whales, the research team has found that humpbacks used to exist in numbers of more than 100, 000 individuals. the new, more accurate estimate is lower than previously calculated but still two to three times higher than pre - whaling estimates based on catch data from whaling records. known for its distinctively long pectoral fins, acrobatics, and haunting songs, the humpback whale occurs in all the world ' s oceans. current estimates for humpback whale numbers are widely debated, but some have called for the level of their international protection to be dropped. the study appears in the recently published edition of conservation genetics. the authors include : kristen ruegg and stephen palumbi of stanford university ; howard c. rosenbaum of the wildlife conservation society and the american museum of natural history ; eric c. anderson of the national marine fisheries service and university of california - santa cruz ; marcia engel of the instituto baleia jubarte / humpback whale institute, brazil ; anna rothschild of amnh ' s sackler institute for comparative genomics ; and c. scott baker of oregon state university. " we ' re certain that humpback whales in the north atlantic have significantly recovered from commercial whaling over the past several decades of protection, but without an accurate size estimate of the pre - whaling population, the threshold of recovery remains unknown, " said dr. kristen ruegg of stanford university and the lead author of the study. " we now have a solid, genetically generated estimate upon which future work on this important issue can be based. " " our current challenge is to explain the remaining discrepancy between the historical catch data and the population estimate generated by genetic analyses, " said dr. howard rosenbaum, study co - author and director of the wildlife conservation society ' s ocean giants program. " the gap highlights the need for continued evaluations of whale populations, and presents new information informing the debate and challenges associated with recovery goals. " " we have spent a great deal of effort refining the techniques and approaches that give us this pre - whaling number, " said dr. steve palumbi of stanford. " it ' s worth the trouble because genetic tools give one of the only glimpses into the past


a great deal of effort refining the techniques and approaches that give us this pre - whaling number, " said dr. steve palumbi of stanford. " it ' s worth the trouble because genetic tools give one of the only glimpses into the past we have for whales. " reaching some 50 feet in length, the humpback whale was hunted for centuries by commercial whaling fleets in all the world ' s oceans. humpbacks had predictable migration routes and were reduced to several hundred whales in the north atlantic. the global population was reduced by possibly 90 percent of its original size. the species received protection from the international whaling commission in north atlantic waters in 1955 due to the severity of its decline. since that time, the humpback whales of the north atlantic have made a remarkable comeback ; experts estimate the current size of the north atlantic ' s humpback whale population to be more than 17, 000 animals. north atlantic humpback whales are now one of the best - studied populations of great whales in the world and the mainstay of a multi - million dollar whale - watching industry. but estimating the number of whales that existed prior to commercial whaling is a far more difficult problem, critical in determining when the total population has recovered. historical catch data from the logs of whaling vessels suggest a population size between 20, 000 - 46, 000 whales, but the current genetic analysis indicates a much larger pre - whaling population. the results of the genetic analysis indicate that the north atlantic once held between 45, 000 — 235, 000 humpback whales ( with an average estimate of 112, 000 animals ). a previous study using the mitochondrial dna of humpbacks in the north atlantic suggested a higher pre - whaling population size ; an average of 240, 000 individuals. to increase the accuracy of the current analysis, the team measured nine segments in the dna sequences throughout the genome ( as opposed to just one dna segment used in the previous study ). palumbi, who participated in the first humpback genetic analysis, added : " the international whaling commission reviewed the results of the first study and recommended we improve the method in six specific ways. we ' ve done that now and have the best - ever estimate of ancient humpback populations. " scott baker, associate director of oregon state university ' s marine mammal institute and a co - author said : " these genetic estimates greatly improve our understanding of the genetic diversity of humpback whales, something we need to understand the impact of past hunting and to manage whales in the uncertain future.


university ' s marine mammal institute and a co - author said : " these genetic estimates greatly improve our understanding of the genetic diversity of humpback whales, something we need to understand the impact of past hunting and to manage whales in the uncertain future. " the research team analyzed genetic samples from whales in the north atlantic as well as the southern hemisphere. southern atlantic whales were used to answer one of the six iwc questions : was there intermixing of whale populations across the equator? the samples were analyzed by sequencing specific regions of dna in known genes. by comparing the genetic diversity of today ' s population to the genetic mutation rate, ruegg and colleagues could estimate the long - term population size of humpbacks. they also showed no substantial migration of humpbacks whales across the equator between the southern and northern atlantic, and no movement from the pacific to the atlantic. the team recently used the same techniques to estimate pre - whaling numbers for the pacific gray whale and the antarctic minke whale. a difference of two to three times also was recorded between the genetic and catch estimates for the grey whale population, but were exactly on target for the antarctic minke whale, which has not been extensively hunted. wildlife conservation society : http : / / www. wcs. org this press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. please comment below. we try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. critical discussions of the research are appreciated. if you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e - mail.


options when a disk does not unmount " eject failed " appears when attempting to unmount a drive. there can be a variety of causes for this behavior. a clue about the origin is in the error message that appears. if the wording is : " the disk could not be unmounted. make sure that all applications and files are closed on this disk. " the cause is likely an open program, a file transfer, or an additional user on the machine using the disk. if the wording " resource busy " is added to the error, close all open programs, and try again. if the message continues to appear, reboot the computer. there is usually a crashed program that can not be closed, or a cabling / power supply problem. determining the origin can be done by using the terminal program ( located in applications - - > utilities. ) type the command : where the command says " drive ", put the name of the lacie drive that will not eject. in the example below, the drive is called " lacie ". the listing underneath the word " command " shows the program occupying the drive. in this case, it ' s the " mds " process ( spotlight indexing ) that is causing the problem. usually, an internet search will find the program responsible for the problematic command causing the error message.


why we are the lasers... from our earliest beginnings in the nineteenth century when the lamp of knowledge was emblazoned on our college seal, to the one hundred and fifty years of torchlight parades, light has been a part of lasell ' s rich history. it is in this tradition of light, and the pursuit of knowledge and excellence, that our athletes bear the name lasers. lasers are by definition a source of intense energy. therefore, like a laser, our athletes are fast, focused and intense on the fields and courts of athletic endeavor. it all began with the light. legend has it that in the spring of 1851, a group of individuals gathered together and as the sun rose in the sky, illuminating bragdon hill, these individuals with a laser - like focus, made the decision to found a new school. as the founders, known as boomers, put shovels into the rocky new england soil, sparks flew and the flame of knowledge was ignited for a new generation of students. the lamp of knowledge was emblazoned into the college seal. early in the history of lasell college, the tradition of the torchlight parade took hold, with seniors marching through the campus, proudly holding high their burning torches, illuminating the academic path for future students as they passed on these symbols of light to the students who would succeed them... and the flame of knowledge continues to burn brightly here at lasell, where being " ignorant of defeat " is the way we live. with the intensity of a laser, lasell ' s growth and prominence has continued its boom for over 157 years, and in all that time, our torch has never dimmed - - our flame of knowledge has never stopped burning brightly - - and our seniors continue to pass the torch to those they leave behind, as through their actions and deeds they bring light to the world wherever they go. it is time to shine the light on the lasers. now is our boom - time. never before have we had more reason to hold high the lasell torch, lighting the way for the world to see. who will lead us? who will carry the torch the highest? who will bring the light, and guide the lasers to victory? who will take the burning intensity of the lasers and make it come alive? it will be our torchbearer... it will be our symbol of the light... it will be our spark to victory... it will be boomer! boomer will lead us ; boomer will light


history of western political tradition a brief overview of the development of political philosohpy from socrates to marx by john a. sterling biblical origins of american political philosophy by john a. sterling. a look at the biblical and philosophical origins of self - government. christianity as an influence on the founders a look at some of the best - known founding fathers and what they said about christianity and the bible. also, what their contemporaries said about them and their faith. by john a. sterling scroll down the page for documents and quotes that demonstrate the ideological basis of american self - government 1. magna carta 2. the mayflower compact 3. declaration of the causes and necessity of taking up arms. 4. the declaration of independence 5. the u. s. constitution and bill of rights 6. the federalist papers this hyperlink takes you to the thomas information site maintained by the u. s. government. to return to the law & liberty foundation, use the back button on your browser. 7. davy crockett ' s speech on the floor of congress 1830 8. madison veto of public works law march 3, 1817 9. sermon by samuel west on the right to rebel against governors, 1789 10. offenses against god by sir william blackstone11. discourse on civil liberty by nathaniel niles, legislator, judge, & preacher, ( 1741 - 1821 ) 12. civil disobedience : a duty to disobey by jonathan mayhew, ( 1720 - 1766 ) sites on the web where you can find many more historical documentslinks the constitution society articles on religion and america ' s founding