us highway 66, colloquially known as the main street of america, was established on november 11, 1926 as one of the original federal highways. it ran 2, 448 miles from chicago through st. louis, joplin mo, oklahoma city, amarillo tx, albuquerque nm, and flagstaff az, before ending in los angeles. route 66 served as a major path for those migrating west, especially during the dust bowl days of the great depression, and it provided major economic support to the towns through which it passed. people doing business along the route became prosperous due to the growing popularity of the highway, and those same people later fought to keep the highway alive in the face of the growing threat of being bypassed by the limited access interstate highway system conceived in the mid - 1950s. its importance was first recognized in popular culture through bobby troup ’ s 1946 top - 40 hit get your kicks on route 66, as recorded by nat king cole ; fifteen years later, the popular 1960 - 64 television show, route 66 also did a lot to popularize the corvette! route 66 was officially removed from the us highway system on june 27, 1985, having been entirely replaced by several new routes that were part of the interstate highway system. nonetheless, its lore continues, through historic preservation, museums, plaques, books, movies, documentaries, songs, websites, special events, and the dedication of thousands of energetic members of route 66 clubs located throughout the nation.


the 3 1 / 2 " floppy disk format was the last mass - produced format, replacing 5 1 / 4 " floppies by the mid - 1990s. it was more durable than previous floppy formats since the packaging was rigid plastic with a sliding metal shutter. it was eventually made obsolete by cds and flash drives. storage on the cheap : floppy disks magnetic hard disks transformed data storage, but were initially large and expensive. that was fine for mainframes, but personal computers needed something else. and the alternative already existed : the floppy disk. in the 1970s and 1980s, floppy disks were the primary storage device for word processors and personal computers, and became the standard way to distribute software. word processing manufacturers like wang were anxious for disks smaller than 8 inches. the design that became the popular 5¼ inch disk was inspired by the size of a cocktail napkin. because the drive could fit in a pc, it revolutionized personal data storage. view artifact detail the floppy disk : from mainframe to pc how to preserve the data when the power goes off? that was the conundrum confronting ibm engineers. the system / 370 was ibm ’ s first computer using read / write semiconductor memory for its microcode. but without power, its microcode disappeared and had to be reloaded. the solution, delivered in 1971, was an 8 ” diameter flexible mylar disk holding 80kb. al shugart left ibm to make floppy disk drives for small computers. competition soon stimulated smaller sizes and higher capacities, and floppy disks played a critical role in the rapid growth of pcs. the 5. 25 ” floppy disk provided inexpensive storage and software distribution for pcs. with two drives, disks could be easily copied. view artifact detail although the ibm pc could be used with an audiocassette recorder instead of a floppy disk drive, few were sold without a floppy. view artifact detail various companies made proprietary higher - capacity floppy disks with packages similar to – but incompatible with – the 3½ inch standard. iomega ’ s 100 mb zip disk was the most popular. view artifact detail the 3 1 / 2 " floppy disk format was the last mass - produced format, replacing 5 1 / 4 " floppies by the mid - 1990s. it was more durable than previous floppy formats since the packaging was rigid plastic with a sliding metal shutter. it was eventually made obsolete by cds and flash drives. view artifact detail the 5¼ inch floppy disk, a scaled - down version of ibm ’ s 8 inch disk, held about 100kb. but having the same soft jacket


reducing your risk while colon cancer can affect anyone, it ’ s one cancer that is preventable. you can greatly reduce your risk of developing colon cancer by getting screened regularly and making certain healthy lifestyle choices. starting at age 50, be screened regularly for colon cancer. learn more about screening options here. if you have a personal or family history of cancer or colorectal polyps, or a personal history of inflammatory bowel disease, talk to your healthcare provider about being screened earlier. maintain a healthy diet eating a healthy diet, one that ’ s low in fat and rich in fruits, vegetables ( especially green, leafy vegetables ) and whole grains, contributes to your health, and your colon ’ s health. a daily multi - vitamin containing. 4 mg of folic acid may also be helpful in reducing your risk. regular exercise, at least 30 minutes four to five days a week, can reduce your risk. even moderate exercise such as walking, gardening, or climbing supports colon health. smoking has been proven to increase the risk of colon cancer by 30 - 40 %. * if you use tobacco, quit. if you don ' t use tobacco, don ' t start. use alcohol in moderation drink alcohol only in moderation to lower your risk of developing colon cancer. the power to prevent colon cancer is in your hands. get screened and make healthy choices to keep yourself cancer - free. * taken from www. wdxcyber. com / coloncancer _ symptoms. html in the news view all - doctors perform a free service - colonoscopies to uninsured, underinsured - report affirms lifesaving role of colonoscopy - promoting cancer screening within the patient centered medical home - marriage improves the odds of surviving colon cancer - colorectal cancer deaths declining, but millions still aren ' t getting screened - fewer americans developing and dying from colon cancer - colon cancer deaths down except in mississippi - olympus urges swift passage of the " colorectal cancer prevention, early detection, and treatment act " - lack of sleep found to be a new risk factor for colon cancer


1. the unit of frequency. 4. ( zoology ) lacking a tail or taillike appendage. 12. piece of solid food for dipping in a liquid. 15. resinlike substance secreted by certain lac insects. 16. ornamental objects of no great value. 17. any of various primates with short tails or no tail at all. 18. to make a mistake or be incorrect. 19. third month of the revolutionary calendar ( november and december ). 20. god of the earth. 21. ( anatomy ) of or relating to the fauces. 23. ( norse mythology ) one of the aesir known for his beauty and skill with bow and skis. 24. type genus of the phocidae. 26. the jewish rite of circumcision performed on a male child on the eighth day of his life. 27. a state in new england. 29. become imbued. 31. a state in east central united states. 32. port city of denmark in eastern jutland. 36. a white soft metallic element that tarnishes readily. 37. a soft white precious univalent metallic element having the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal. 39. a rare silvery ( usually trivalent ) metallic element. 41. an island republic on nauru island. 42. a family of birds of the suborder oscines. 46. a ballplayer who is batting. 48. an informal term for a father. 49. the seventh month of the moslem calendar. 51. any of various young herrings ( other than brislings ) canned as sardines in norway. 52. jordan ' s port. 54. a city in northwestern turkey. 55. small cubes with 1 to 6 spots on the faces. 56. fallow deer. 60. a hard brittle blue - white multivalent metallic element. 61. a loloish language. 62. a fraudulent business scheme. 64. indonesian statesman who obtained the independence of indonesia from the netherlands in 1949 and served as president until ousted by suharto in a coup d ' etat ( 1901 - 1970 ). 69. ( akkadian ) god of wisdom. 71. small terrestrial lizard of warm regions of the old world. 74. title for a civil or military leader ( especially in turkey ). 75. ( used especially of glances ) directed to one side with or as if with doubt or suspicion or envy. 78. toward the mouth or oral region. 79. an advanced law


title for a civil or military leader ( especially in turkey ). 75. ( used especially of glances ) directed to one side with or as if with doubt or suspicion or envy. 78. toward the mouth or oral region. 79. an advanced law degree. 80. a man who serves as a sailor. 81. portuguese explorer who in 1488 was the first european to get round the cape of good hope ( thus establishing a sea route from the atlantic to asia ) ( 1450 - 1500 ). 82. perennial herb of east india to polynesia and australia cultivated for its large edible root yielding otaheite arrowroot starch. 83. a deciduous tree of the family ulmaceae that grows in the southeastern united states. 84. a river in north central switzerland that runs northeast into the rhine. 1. a musical notation written on a staff indicating the pitch of the notes following it. 2. ( obstetrics ) the number of live - born children a woman has delivered. 3. protective garment worn by surgeons during operations. 4. a vaguely specified concern. 5. a town in southeastern new mexico on the pecos river near the mexican border. 6. american prizefighter who won the world heavyweight championship three times ( born in 1942 ). 7. a member of the finno - ugric - speaking people living in eastern european russia. 8. method or manner of conduct in relation to others. 9. fleshy and usually brightly colored cover of some seeds that develops from the ovule stalk and partially or entirely envelopes the seed. 10. any of various dark heavy viscid substances obtained as a residue. 11. five - toed pachyderm. 12. powdery starch from certain sago palms. 13. an organization of countries formed in 1961 to agree on a common policy for the sale of petroleum. 14. having nine hinged bands of bony plates. 22. united states physician who specialized in diseases of the intestines. 25. cause to suffer. 28. the syllable naming the fourth ( subdominant ) note of the diatonic scale in solmization. 30. united states writer of poems and plays about racial conflict ( born in 1934 ). 33. containing or characterized by a great deal of water vapor. 34. a family of ural - altaic languages. 35. break apart or in two, using violence. 38. united states film actress ( born in sweden ) known for her reclusiveness ( 1905 - 1990 ).


water vapor. 34. a family of ural - altaic languages. 35. break apart or in two, using violence. 38. united states film actress ( born in sweden ) known for her reclusiveness ( 1905 - 1990 ). 40. lower in esteem. 43. mild yellow dutch cheese made in balls. 44. an agency of the united nations affiliated with the world bank. 45. at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time. 47. a loose sleeveless outer garment made from aba cloth. 50. cut into long thin strips. 53. a small cake leavened with yeast. 57. used at the dining table. 58. aircraft landing in bad weather in which the pilot is talked down by ground control using precision approach radar. 59. an asian temple. 63. a dark region of considerable extent on the surface of the moon. 65. large sweet juicy hybrid between tangerine and grapefruit having a thick wrinkled skin. 66. god of love and erotic desire. 67. an inclined surface or roadway that moves traffic from one level to another. 68. long green edible beaked pods of the okra plant. 70. type genus of the aceraceae. 72. a flat - bottomed volcanic crater that was formed by an explosion. 73. an edge tool used to cut and shape wood. 76. belonging to or on behalf of a specified person ( especially yourself ). 77. a period marked by distinctive character or reckoned from a fixed point or event.


posted by : loren coleman on october 21st, 2007 that is one of several questions raised by chad lewis in “ hidden headlines of new york : strange, unusual and bizarre newspaper stories of 1860 - 1910. ” among the strange tales lewis amassed about the empire state is that of two fishermen who reported seeing a large serpent - like creature in owasco lake on july 7, 1889. fred c. hayden and james o. thomas noticed a dark form in the water at buck point, on the south end of the lake, that they initially thought was a tree trunk. as they approached it in their boat from a few yards away, they saw the form move in the waves of the lake before disappearing under the water. “ several others whose veracity is not usually questioned claim to have seen the serpent, ” it read in the july 8, 1889 syracuse post - standard article. almost 10 years later, lakeside residents once again confronted the possibility that a prehistoric beast was lurking in owasco lake. during her research, owasco town historian laurel auchampaugh discovered a may 28, 1897 article in the auburn daily advertiser – taken from the moravia republican – that describes another encounter between two fishermen and the elusive form in the water. the men, whose identities were withheld, described a shape that looked like an “ immense log ” three to four feet in diameter and more than 50 feet long. as they came closer to it, the men ’ s boat was nearly capsized by a “ fearful splashing ” near the middle of the massive object. “ they refrained from telling this occurrence, knowing that such a story would not be believed, ” the article stated. but belief in the sea serpent was far more than folie a deux. a week prior to the fishermen ’ s sighting, an owasco farmer traveling to auburn spotted the monster early one morning near the east shore. that same week, two men reported seeing the monster “ lay on the surface of the water ” between cascade and indian cove. as they closed in on the creature, it “ glided down the lake at great speed. ” depending on who you talked to at the time, the serpent measured somewhere between six and 100 feet in length. the hysteria reached its height when a cascade landlord named baker offered a $ 100 reward for the sea beast ’ s capture. like the loch ness monster myth that surrounds that scottish lake, there is little to no scientific basis for the idea of an ancient sea beast inhabiting owasco lake. and there is even less evidence than the grainy


the sea beast ’ s capture. like the loch ness monster myth that surrounds that scottish lake, there is little to no scientific basis for the idea of an ancient sea beast inhabiting owasco lake. and there is even less evidence than the grainy photographs supporting the existence of nessie. marion balyszak, director of the finger lakes institute, which tests and analyzes bodies of water in central new york, has heard no recent stories of the alleged sea serpent in owasco lake. however, similar reports by boaters of strange creatures in seneca lake has led balyszak to attribute such sightings to sturgeons, an old and large species of fresh water fish that can stretch up to 15 feet in length. “ they can look prehistoric - like, ” she said. the other auburn tale lewis dug up to feature in “ hidden headlines ” is hardly unexplainable, but still quite strange. “ born, died and buried on the same day ” recounts the simultaneous birth and death of neighbors hugh d. crawford and mrs. john dates. the 1907 tale is part of the book ’ s selection of oddity stories. “ it runs the whole gamut of weird stories, ” he said. the new york book follows similar compilations of weird stories in texas and lewis ’ native wisconsin that lewis also put together. he chose to feature new york due to the prevalence of peculiar wire stories featured in the wisconsin newspaper archives. lewis made it a point to focus on the entire state. “ so many books focus on new york city or the big cities, but that ’ s not where all the weird stuff was going on, ” he said. the tales of the sea serpent in owasco lake and the neighbors with identical life spans are presented as they were written in the newspaper a century ago. “ i leave it up to the person to determine whether or not they believe what they read, ” lewis said. “ that ’ s half the fun of the book. ” “ monster in the lake ” by david wilcox the citizen, auburn, ny sunday, october 21, 2007.


july 17, 2012 deep offering training to volunteers for monitoring boat launches to prevent the spread of invasive species – training to be held in new hartford the connecticut department of energy & environmental protection ( deep ) is continuing to offer training for people interested in volunteering their time to monitor local boat launches for the presence of invasive plants and animals, such as zebra mussels. zebra mussels were discovered in lake zoar and lake lillinonah in 2010 and lake housatonic in 2011. these were the first new reports of zebra mussels in connecticut since 1998 when they were discovered in east and west twin lakes in salisbury. the training session will be held saturday, july 21, 2012 at the new hartford town hall located at 530 main st in new hartford, ct from 9 : 30am - 12 : 00 pm. for more information or to volunteer, contact gwendolynn flynn of the deep at 860 - 447 - 4339 or firstname. lastname @ example. org. the training will educate volunteers on how to identify and detect invasive species and also to instruct boaters on how to do the same. volunteers will also be talking to boaters about ways they can prevent the spread of invasive species. volunteers will receive a handbook, supplies and a t - shirt that identifies them as volunteers. the zebra mussel is a black and white - striped bivalve mollusk, which was introduced into north american waters through the discharge of ship ballast water. since its discovery in lake st. clair in 1998, the zebra mussel has spread throughout the great lakes, the mississippi river system and most of new york state, including lake champlain and the hudson river. more recently both zebra mussels and quagga mussels ( a related species, and also highly invasive ) have been expanding their range into a number of western and southwestern states. like the zebra mussel, numerous invasive plants have been introduced into connecticut waters. these invasive plants can form dense mats, making boating, fishing, swimming and other recreational activities nearly impossible. through education, boaters can help prevent the spread of aquatic invasive plants and animals, and with the help of volunteers, we can ensure that boaters across the state are receiving the proper information about invasive species. actions anglers and boaters must take to prevent the spread of invasive plants and animals, including zebra mussels are as follows : before leaving a boat launch : - clean : all visible plant, fish, and animals as well as mud or other debris. do not transport them home


take to prevent the spread of invasive plants and animals, including zebra mussels are as follows : before leaving a boat launch : - clean : all visible plant, fish, and animals as well as mud or other debris. do not transport them home. - drain : all water from every space and item that may hold water. at home or prior to your next launch : - dry : anything that comes in contact with water ( boats, trailers, anchors, propellers, etc ) for a minimum of 1 week during hot / dry weather or a minimum of 4 weeks during cool / wet weather. if drying is not possible, you must clean your boat prior to the next launch. the techniques listed below are for decontaminating your vessel : - wash your boat with hot, pressurized water. - dip equipment in 100 % vinegar for 20 minutes prior to rinsing. - wash with a 1 % salt solution ( 2 / 3 cup to 5 gallons water ) and leave on for 24 hours prior to rinsing. - “ wet ” with bleach solution ( 1oz to 1 gallon water ) or soap and hot water ( lysol, boat soap, etc ) for 10 minutes prior to rinsing. do not dump your bait bucket or release live bait! avoid introducing unwanted plants and animals. unless your bait was obtained on site, dispose of it in a suitable trash container or give it to another angler. do not transport fish, other animals or plants between water bodies. release caught fish, other animals and plants only into the waters from which they came.


while it can ' t change such opinions overnight, aerovironment is looking to slowly warm people to wind power by providing direct solutions to the frequent criticisms. and in the process, it hopes to transform the face of modern cities around the world. aerovironment produces building - mounted turbines, smaller than those typically seen on wind farms. by mounting the turbine structure to the tops of buildings, the benefits are twofold. first, the cost in resources of building a pole to support the turbine is eliminated. secondly, the turbines can be elevated much higher, exposing them to stronger winds. the nearly silent turbines snap onto the parapet of urban structures, forming a design that aerovironment calls ‘ architectural wind ’. the rows of turbines not only catch cross currents, but also the frequent currents that develop up the side of buildings. the result is a 30 percent increase in energy production and even better, a great savings in hassle, in that the turbines are quick to snap in. while the system is extremely well designed and efficient, many will be drawn to its style. the system ' s curvy design looks more like a modern art sculpture than a cutting edge alternative energy design. this in turn adds to the urban appeal. part of the structure even serves another utilitarian use - - the large metal plate over the turbine acts as a bird shield, in an effort to minimize avian casualties. aerovironment describes their product stating, " architectural wind is designed to install easily onto the building parapet, operating in plain sight as an attractive complement to the building ’ s architecture. additionally, based on its proprietary system design, architectural wind turbines rotate at low wind speeds, resulting in a form of ‘ kinetic architecture ’ that communicates clearly the generation of clean energy. working alone or in tandem with other renewable energy technologies, architectural wind is designed to offer an attractive roi and cost per kw of installed capacity. " a module weighs 200 lbs, allowing relatively easy installation, but also ensuring that it won ' t blow away. they measure 4 feet tall by 4 feet wide. installations start at 6 kw of power production and can be scaled up to produce much more. almost any rooftop is suitable to the nonintrusive installation. the product is in development, but the company hopes to mass produce the new turbines on a large scale, making them relatively affordable, and ensuring the systems turn a profit in energy costs. while wind farms leave some with little to be excited about, aerovironment ' s new approach seems an intriguing fit to


may 24, 2012 currently, there are increasing suggestions that the lower levels of governments should issue joint bonds in cooperation with the central government. in spain, so - called “ hispanobonos ” have been discussed for quite some time. representatives of some – mainly fiscally weaker – german federal states have lately suggested so - called “ deutschlandbonds ”. what is the main idea behind them? the two concepts have two elements in common : on the one hand, the lower levels of government of the federation ( germany : lander, spain : regions ) are to be jointly liable for their debt ( i. e. : jointly issued bonds ). on the other, the superior government level ( germany : federal government, spain : central government ) would additionally cover this liability with explicit guarantees or even issue the total volumes of the bonds themselves. on the basis of this concept, deutschlandbonds must therefore not be mixed up with joint lander bonds ( jumbos ) : here, a number of federal states join forces and issue a joint bond with liability on a pro rata basis and one federal state functioning as paying agent. the arguments put forward are ultimately based on the consideration that the central government may usually borrow money at lower costs ( interest rates ) in the capital market : the credit standing of central government is better, and the marketability should increase due to higher market liquidity. it is foreseeable that the explicit credit guarantee on bonds of subordinate levels of government would also reduce the risk premium on these bonds required by investors. an interest saving for subordinate levels of government and ultimately also the entire government thus seems possible. the motivation for such joint borrowing in the examples available varies, however : while in germany individual federal states are promoting the idea, central government is the decisive driver in spain. it hopes to get better control of the budgets of subordinate levels of government, as central bank borrowing is to be linked with conditions for the regions and more influence of the central government on the budget policy of the regions. the idea of “ deutschlandbonds ” and “ hispanobonos ” is often compared with the concept of eurobonds. however, this comparison holds true only at first sight. euroland is not a fiscal federation ( yet ). there is no superior political governance level which by analogy to the central government could interfere in the policy and budgetary sovereignty of the euroland countries. this is not changed by the latest bills from the european commission ( “ two pack ” ), which allow closer scrutiny but no direct interference, though.


analogy to the central government could interfere in the policy and budgetary sovereignty of the euroland countries. this is not changed by the latest bills from the european commission ( “ two pack ” ), which allow closer scrutiny but no direct interference, though. irrespective of this, it cannot be ruled out that advocates of euro bonds disregard this specification and interpret “ deutschlandbonds ” as a precedent in their interest. how is the suggestion of joint bonds and especially “ deutschlandbonds ” to be assessed? indeed there is a lot to suggest that a pool would make possible higher issue volumes. germany ’ s lander and spain ’ s regions would probably no longer have to contend with liquidity premiums ( currently up to 100 bp for the german federal states and several hundred basis points in spain ). at the same time, ( remaining or new ) bonds without assumptions of liability would only be traded at a premium. in an environment where investors show a risk - averse attitude such a market segmentation could have the effect that bonds with assumed liability could crowd out other bonds. this would have the side effect that the possibility for subordinate levels of government to borrow on their own would be severely restricted. the influence of the central government would be increased successfully – but the budgetary autonomy of the subordinate government level would be reduced. especially this restriction would call into question the legal admissability of lander borrowing in germany. for this reason, at best a voluntary participation in the model would be a solution. due to the mentioned crowding - out effect of fiscally weaker federal states, this would automatically have the consequence that federal states under market pressure as a result of weak economic governance would have no alternative but to choose the “ deutschlandbond “ model. their financial independence would be reduced. a low level of interest rates for central government cannot be taken for granted, though. an explicit liability does not necessarily bring more certainty from the investor point of view. a bailout of lower levels of government – especially in germany – was often implicitly assumed by investors, with the consequence of quite low yield premiums. structural problems as the reason for the debt of lower levels of government would not be solved via an assumption of liability, however : the key to the solution of structural budget problems at lower government levels would probably be the potential conditionality which could be set in the framework of an explicit assumption of liability by the central government. but it is not as simple as that : the argument that the central government, securing the financing of the lander, controls the


probably be the potential conditionality which could be set in the framework of an explicit assumption of liability by the central government. but it is not as simple as that : the argument that the central government, securing the financing of the lander, controls the landers ’ finances is not totally convincing. in the federal system, superior and lower levels of government are interdependent not only in the field of fiscal policy. they depend on each other in other fields as well ; for example when a central government bill requires the support of the bundesrat. this could result in horsetrading and dampens the optimism that the greater scope for central government control will also be perceived and exercised. the german bundesrat provides a clear demonstration of the conflicts between the central government and lower levels of government that does not stop at party boundaries. irrespective of this, there are funding options for the lander and the spanish regions besides the capital market. they may also borrow via loans of their landesbanks or financial institutions. currently, loans ( still ) account for roughly 50 % of the borrowing of the lander. this compares to roughly 55 % in spain. these arguments suggest that “ deutschlandbonds ” and “ hispanobonos ” are not a lasting solution to the problem of ballooning debt for sub - national levels of government but – depending on their structure – may even have a negative effect on budget discipline. for the more reliable the joint liability system, the fewer the incentives that the lower level of government has to economise. at least in this respect, the german lander and the spanish regions are more european than quite a few people would like. © copyright 2013. deutsche bank ag, db research, d - 60262 frankfurt am main, germany. all rights reserved. when quoting please cite “ deutsche bank research ”. the above information does not constitute the provision of investment, legal or tax advice. any views expressed reflect the current views of the author, which do not necessarily correspond to the opinions of deutsche bank ag or its affiliates. opinions expressed may change without notice. opinions expressed may differ from views set out in other documents, including research, published by deutsche bank. the above information is provided for informational purposes only and without any obligation, whether contractual or otherwise. no warranty or representation is made as to the correctness, completeness and accuracy of the information given or the assessments made. in germany this information is approved and / or communicated by deutsche bank ag frankfurt, authorised by bundesanstal


rainbow smelt, leefish, freshwater smelt, frost fish, ice fish, candy fish - there seems to be no shortage of references for these tasty, shimmering, torpedo - like creatures. what there does seem to be these days, however, is a shortage of smelt altogether. interestingly, fishermen on both lake champlain and lake george are reporting a significant reduction in the number of smelt caught through the ice this year. it is a phenomenon that began a few years ago, actually, and one biologists have difficulty understanding. on one thing biologists agree : both lakes are continually evolving, changing with the introduction of new fish and aquatic species as well as the impacts of human intervention. vermont fisheries biologist bernie pientka said a number of factors seem to be influencing the smelt population in lake champlain. while the lake still holds a healthy population of rainbow smelt, a change in habitat along with the introduction of non - native fish like alewives has impacted where smelt congregate and where they ' ve traditionally been caught, pientka said. the physical size of lake champlain smelt is also changing, he said, making it more difficult to achieve large catches of the fish like those seen in year ' s past. in the late 1990s, studies of smelt conducted through trawling surveys showed a reduction in the overall age of smelt in the lake, pientka said. " we used to see a lot of four or five - year - olds, now for some reason, we are seeing more one, two and three - year - olds, " he said. " the larger fish now average just five or six inches long. " while fishermen tend to blame the alewife infestation with reducing smelt populations in lake champlain, biologists still discount this theory, saying the fish has not been around long enough to impact smelt. lake champlain fisheries biologist lance durfey said that while ice fishing catches appear to be down in recent winters, it does not appear to be caused by a " crash " in the smelt population.


on tuesday, harvard divinity school announced the finding to great fanfare and said king ' s paper would be published in january ' s harvard theological review. harvard said the fragment most likely came from egypt, and that its earliest documentation is from the early 1980s indicating that a now - deceased professor in germany thought it evidence of a possible marriage of jesus. some archaeologists were quick to question harvard ' s ethics, noting that the fragment has no known provenance, or history of where it ' s been, and that its current owner may have a financial interest in the publicity being generated about it. king has said the owner wants to sell his collection to harvard. " there are all sorts of really dodgy things about this, " said david gill, professor of archaeological heritage at university campus suffolk and author of the looting matters blog, which closely follows the illicit trade in antiquities. " this looks to me as if any sensible, responsible academic would keep their distance from it. " he cited the ongoing debate in academia over publishing articles about possibly dubiously obtained antiquities, thus potentially fueling the illicit market. the archaeological institute of america, for example, won ' t publish articles in its journal announcing the discovery of antiquities without a proven provenance that were acquired after a unesco convention fighting the illicit trade went into effect in 1973. similarly, many american museums have adopted policies to no longer acquire antiquities without a provenance, after being slapped with successful efforts by countries like italy to reclaim looted treasures. archaeologists also complain that the looting of antiquities removes them from their historical context, depriving scholars of a wealth of information. however, annemarie luijendijk, the princeton university expert whom king consulted to authenticate the papyrus, said the fragment fit all the rules and criteria established by the international association of papyrologists. she noted that papyrus fragments frequently don ' t have a provenance, simply because so many were removed from egypt before such issues were of concern. she acknowledged the dilemma about buying such antiquities but said refraining from publishing articles about them is another matter. " you wouldn ' t let an important new text go to waste, " she said. hany sadak, the director general of the coptic museum in cairo, said the fragment ' s existence was unknown to egypt ' s antiquities authorities until news articles this week. " i personally think, as a researcher, that the paper is not authentic because it was, if it had been in egypt before, we would have known of it and we would have heard of it before it left egypt


until news articles this week. " i personally think, as a researcher, that the paper is not authentic because it was, if it had been in egypt before, we would have known of it and we would have heard of it before it left egypt, " he said. maggie fick in cairo contributed. follow nicole winfield at www. twitter. com / nwinfield - byu football : fan - developed software gives... - bodyguards allegedly beat up 2 fans who took... - utah jazz : team is a long shot to win nba ' s... - deseret news to live stream utah high school... - high school baseball : logan ' s chase nelson... - high school baseball : 5a, 4a state tournament... - utah state football : new coach matt wells... - utes football recruiting : polynesian players... - utes football recruiting : polynesian... 109 - usa rugby : ' what byu won... was a... 78 - high school baseball : 5a, 4a state... 52 - utah utes football : dr. chris hill... 39 - brad rock : usu athletics can go home again 22 - bodyguards allegedly beat up 2 fans who... 18 - van noy named to lott impact trophy... 15 - dick harmon : byu coach mike littlewood... 12


( based on ralph winter, the kingdom strikes back : ten epochs of redemptive history in perspectives on the world christian movement ) phase one : 1 – 400 romans possibly paul ' s work in galatia established contacts with gauls in the west and with other peoples in the northwest of europe. the earliest irish mission compounds followed a ground plan derived from the christian centers in egypt, not from roman centers with their central chapel. and the earliest language of christians in gaul was greek, not latin. thus the spread of christianity was not only by formal, systematic expansion from a christianized rome, but spontaneously through natural connections, for example, of trade and extended family. by 312 there were enough christians in the roman empire ( in spite of extended and terrible persecutions ) that it was politically feasible and wise for constantine to reverse his own commitments and the policy of the state. he declares himself a christian. there was a need of cohesiveness in the empire and christianity alone of all the religions had no nationalism at its root. it had no geographic center. it was not racially specific. by 375 christianity was the official religion of the roman empire. but there was no great push to evangelize the northern portions of europe, even though they knew that these peoples were without the gospel. phase two 400 - 800 the barbarians during the 100 years of peace for christianity ( 310 to 410 ) there was little official church effort to evangelize the barbarian nations to the north. instead, the nominalism and ease of official christianity did little to stem the tide of inner corruption in rome and the empire gave way to decay and invasion from visigoths, the ostrogoths, the vandals, etc. but the upshot of this was that the romans lost the western half of the empire while the barbarians, in the real sense, gained a christian faith. during the 400 years after the fall of rome, the benedictine christian order established 1, 000 mission compounds all over the western empire. traveling evangelists like colomban ( irish ) and boniface ( german ) should not necessarily be judged along with the worldly and legalistic monks of luther ' s day. toward the end of the period, charlemagne arose as a kind of second constantine. he espoused christian ideals, but did not reach out in earnest missionary efforts to the frontiers of the north — the scandinavians, the vikings. phase three : vikings the unevangelized peoples to the north invaded the comfortable, but non - evangelizing, empire to the south.


not reach out in earnest missionary efforts to the frontiers of the north — the scandinavians, the vikings. phase three : vikings the unevangelized peoples to the north invaded the comfortable, but non - evangelizing, empire to the south. they were seafaring vikings and took numerous island and coastland christian centers. unlike the partially evangelized barbarians who invaded rome, these raiders were totally unreached and destroyed churches, libraries and believers. the northmen cease not to slay and carry into captivity the christian people, to destroy the churches and to burn the towns. everywhere, there is nothing but dead bodies — clergy and laymen, nobles and common people, women and children. there is no road or place where the ground is not covered with corpses. we live in distress and anguish before this spectacle of the destruction of the christian people. ( christopher dawson, religion and the rise of western culture, p. 87 ) but once again the power of christianity showed itself. the conquerors became the conquered. often it was the monks sold as slaves or the christian girls forced to be their wives and mistresses who eventually won these savages of the north. " in god ' s eyes, their redemption must have been more important than the harrowing tragedy of this new invasion of barbarian violence and evil which fell upon god ' s own people whom he loved. " ( winter, p. 148 ) the churches and monasteries had become opulent in the second phase, and this is why the vikings were so attracted to them. so there was a refinement that came to the churches as the devastation spread. the faith spread back to scandinavia. the phase came to an end with another very powerful christian man, innocent iii, but there was no missions thrust to the peoples beyond europe. phase four : 1200 - 1600 crusades the friars were a new evangelistic force, but the tragedy was the repeated efforts to take the holy land by force — the crusades. this was a carry - over of the viking spirit into the church — all the crusades were led by viking descendants. francis of assisi and raymond lull were bright exceptions to the crusader spirit. judgment came this time on the empire not by human invaders, but in 1346 from the bubonic plague, which lasted for forty years. one - third to one - half the population of europe died, and the hardest hit were the best ( 120, 000 franciscans in germany alone ), but not the crusaders themselves. winter suggests that the reason is that judgment was


there are no facts, only interpretations. - frederich nietzsche when the allegation lacks substance or reality, nothing is required in response. – commission of national inquiry ( coni ) by azra naseem the idea that an objective truth can exist independent of political power is a myth dating back to plato. on the contrary, truth and political power are intricately woven together — one cannot exist without the other. instead of an ‘ objective truth ’, what becomes accepted as ‘ reality ’ is based on what those in power are willing to include as ‘ true ’ and what they exclude as ‘ false ’ in what they say and do about a given issue. while such power / truth relations are normally hidden from surface observations and casual scrutiny, the report of the commission of national inquiry, maldives is a document that blatantly demonstrates how ‘ truth ’ is produced in this manner and how the truth so constructed is used to exercise power and control over society. it is coni ’ s conclusion that there was “ no coup, no duress, no mutiny ” in the maldives on 7 february 2012. to arrive at this ‘ truth ’, the coni report excludes all information it regards as false and includes only what it deems true according to preconceived notions and beliefs. “ when the allegation lacks substance or reality ”, it states, “ nothing is required in response. ” how coni decided what ‘ lacks substance or reality ’ and, therefore, can be dismissed as not worthy of a response, is not explained. it is an arbitrary measurement, composed and set up by the commission according to a standard that itself decided on, and which it decided not to make public. some statements contained in the report, however, do provide an indication as to the criteria used by coni to decide which of the 293 witnesses it interviewed were telling the truth, and which of them were judged as simply repeating ‘ hearsay ’ or enthusiastically relaying fantasies of a confused mind susceptible to suggestion. take, for example, the following statement : just as a question has no evidential value unless the person answering accepts or adopts the fact contained in the question, allegations have no evidential value just because someone has articulated them repeatedly. what does this confused and confusing statement mean? if a question is being asked in order to establish the facts of an event, why then does the question itself contain a fact that the answer must first accept for it to be considered valid? is coni saying that a decision was made from the very beginning to exclude


is being asked in order to establish the facts of an event, why then does the question itself contain a fact that the answer must first accept for it to be considered valid? is coni saying that a decision was made from the very beginning to exclude as invalid all the answers that did not first accept ‘ the fact ’ — as stated in coni ’ s findings — that ‘ there was no coup ’? how much evidence was excluded on this basis? is this the grounds on which the evidence of nasheed ’ s wife, laila, for instance, was given no consideration by coni? in an investigation of the validity of nasheed ’ s claim that he resigned under duress, fearful not just of a public bloodbath but also for the safety of himself and his family, would the evidence of his wife not be essential to verifying his explanation? it is not just laila ’ s evidence that seems to have no place in coni ’ s deliberations. although one of the appendices to the report provides a list of 49 pieces of documentary evidence submitted by various witnesses, there are only seven such documents it refers to as having ‘ comprehensively reviewed by the commission ’. of these, what it relied on most was its own timeline, published on 6 june 2012, over two months before it completed its deliberations. [ the english translation of the timeline published on the coni website on its official letterhead was copied verbatim — except for an occasional substitution of a word here and there — from dhivehi sitee with neither permission nor acknowledgement, or shame for that matter. ] according to the coni report this timeline, published prior to interviewing some of the most important witnesses to the events of 7 february, was the truest document of them all. there was nothing anybody could say to challenge its version of events, for it contained coni ’ s ‘ truth ’. it must be noted also that despite the many alternative scenarios which have been produced internally and internationally, there has been virtually no challenge of any substance to what was recorded in the timeline. indeed. not when all evidence that was excluded from the timeline remained excluded as unworthy of inclusion. this is an analysis of some of the most blatant exclusions of fact the coni report relied upon to construct a particular ‘ truth ’ about the events of 7th february 2012. it is part one in a series of in - depth analyses of the coni report which, if accepted in its current form as ‘ what really happened ’ in


report relied upon to construct a particular ‘ truth ’ about the events of 7th february 2012. it is part one in a series of in - depth analyses of the coni report which, if accepted in its current form as ‘ what really happened ’ in the maldives on that day, renders the 2008 constitution of the maldives meaningless and creates the conditions in which the illegal overthrow of a government can be deemed legal. exclusions that made coni ’ s ‘ truth ’ possible the role of the judiciary crucial to the events leading to the downfall of the first democratically elected government of the maldives is its judiciary. in 2010, authoritarian loyalists within the judicial service commission — the independent body set up by the first democratic constitution of 2008 to monitor judicial independence and ethical / professional standards of judges — conspired successfully to declare parts of the constitution irrelevant. article 258 required that by 7 august 2010 all individuals on the bench should possess particular standards of education and moral standing. authoritarian loyalists, determined since the beginning of the transition to democracy to prevent its consolidation [ as umar naseer said ], have sought to control the judiciary as part of its plan to derail the democratic project. dismissing article 285 as ‘ symbolic ’ allowed individuals to sit on the bench who had not only shockingly low levels of education ( some are primary school drop - outs ) and possessed long criminal records, but are also of disgustingly low moral character. given that coni regarded nasheed ’ s decision to arrest abdulla mohamed, chief judge of the criminal court, as the catalyst of the events of 7th february, how objective is a truth that dismisses as irrelevant clear relations between the dismissal of article 285 as ‘ symbolic ’, abdulla mohamed, and president nasheed ’ s decision to forcibly remove him from the bench? this is evidence made available to coni in velezinee ’ s witness statement and in the nasheed government ’ s dossier on the maldivian judiciary ‘ considered comprehensively ’ by coni. when coni says abdulla mohamed was arrested because he ‘ made a decision which deeply displeased president nasheed and the mdp stalwarts ’, it is providing a version of ‘ truth ’ that deliberately excludes the crucial information that abdulla mohamed is a criminal who is on the bench by dint of an oath administered to him unconstitutionally through the secret machinations of a group of authoritarian loyalists. abdulla mohamed ’ s moral character is in serious doubt, having reportedly ordered two child witnesses in a sexual offence case to re - enact


dint of an oath administered to him unconstitutionally through the secret machinations of a group of authoritarian loyalists. abdulla mohamed ’ s moral character is in serious doubt, having reportedly ordered two child witnesses in a sexual offence case to re - enact the alleged abuse, in open court and in front of the accused ( see complaint filed against abdulla mohamed by dr hassan saeed, currently special advisor to the president ). abdulla mohamed also freed a murder suspect to ‘ teach the health minister a lesson ’ ( see also the failed silent coup, aishath velezinee, p. 86 ). within three hours, the freed prisoner had killed again. when the judicial service commission found him guilty of political partisanship and thus of judicial misconduct, the civil court overruled jsc, the oversight body appointed by the constitution to keep the courts in check. the majlis, the only remaining power with the authority to supervise the judicial service commission, failed to do so. anybody considering ‘ the objective truth ’ about president nasheed ’ s decision to arrest judge abdulla mohamed must necessarily consider the context in which it occurred. coni did the opposite. its report takes abdulla mohamed ’ s arrest as entirely separate from all facts surrounding it bar those relating to actions taken by the president. to do so, it falsely claims that all evidence submitted to coni ‘ about the unconditional behaviour of judge abdulla ’ were submitted only by ‘ mdp members ’, then dismisses it all as beyond the commission ’ s mandate and thus irrelevant. it is the exclusion of evidence against abdulla mohamed — which explained nasheed ’ s decision to arrest the man — that allows coni to offer as ‘ the objective truth ’ abdulla mohamed ’ s detention as the actions of a man willing to hold the country ’ s constitution as ransom for his personal pleasure. all action that followed could thus be explained as ‘ reactions ’ to this unreasonable and ‘ unlawful ’ act. islamists ’ incitement of hatred it was not only the role of the judiciary in the events leading to 7 february 2012 that coni excluded from its deliberations. the vital role, led by sheikh imran abdulla, that islamists played in inciting public hatred against president nasheed, indispensable for facilitating the day ’ s events unfold in the manner it did, is also missing from the ‘ objective truth ’ coni presents. this is information necessary for understanding why military officers were marching on the streets of male ’, beating their chests in unison


facilitating the day ’ s events unfold in the manner it did, is also missing from the ‘ objective truth ’ coni presents. this is information necessary for understanding why military officers were marching on the streets of male ’, beating their chests in unison and shouting ‘ god is great! ’ in defiance of their commander in chief. the islamists ’ ( and leading opposition politicians ‘ ) labelling of nasheed as a heretic, and their call to an imagined maldivian ummah to rise up in jihad against him is well documented in the media. much of it was, in fact, telecast live on vtv, dhitv and, later, on the illegally seized and renamed state - broadcaster ‘ tvm ’. all of this is either glanced at perfunctorily or entirely excluded from coni ’ s truth. it only acknowledges religion had a role to play in the events of 7 february only as a thing abused, denigrated, mocked and disrespected by mohamed nasheed. the subversive role that islam was made to play in the events of the day — in the form of leading islamists ’ encouragement of a public uprising and a mutiny of the armed forces as a ‘ religious duty of every maldivian muslim ’ against a blasphemous leader — is thus excluded from coni ’ s assessment of the ‘ objective truth ’ as presented to the public. mohamed waheed hassan manik although among the few documents coni studied comprehensively is mdp ’ s the central role of mohamed waheed in the maldives coup d ’ etat, it glosses over dr waheed ’ s astonishing meeting with key opposition leaders at his home in the late hours of 30 january. [ at the meeting ] he was asked if he “ was prepared to carry out [ his ] legal responsibilities. ” he is known to have replied in the affirmative. on the same day, the leaders of the opposition political parties held a press conference to announce their endorsement of the vice president. what constitutional duty did the vice president promise to fulfil? strangely for a fact - finding mission, coni seems not to have asked. if the president cannot fulfil his duties for any reason, the constitution says the vice president succeeds him. there was a democratically elected president in office at the time. nasheed had most certainly not made any indication of an intention to resign then or any time in the future. on what basis, therefore, were opposition leaders visiting the vice president ’ s home in the middle of


elected president in office at the time. nasheed had most certainly not made any indication of an intention to resign then or any time in the future. on what basis, therefore, were opposition leaders visiting the vice president ’ s home in the middle of the night to ask if he was willing to sit on nasheed ’ s chair? on what basis did waheed “ reply in the affirmative ”? why was an announcement made by the opposition coalition in the small hours of the morning to ‘ endorse waheed for president ’? why were they preparing so hard to be ready for the eventuality that nasheed would soon be out of office? why did waheed not fulfil his constitutional duty to ‘ assist the president in the discharge of his duties and responsibilities ’ [ article 112 ( a ) ]? coni ’ s questions to dr waheed appear to have included none of the above. vital facts are thus excluded by omission, allowing coni to propose the ‘ objective truth ’ that ‘ president waheed properly succeeded president nasheed ’ as, it says, is ‘ foreseen in the constitution. ’ had the above questions been asked, and had that information been included in the report, it is possible that the ‘ truth ’ arrived at would be different. the constitution most certainly did not foresee a situation where a vice president rightfully succeeds a president if the former was involved in wrongfully contributing to the latter ’ s resignation. the opposition coalition the opposition coalition, which came together as the 23 december alliance under the banner of ‘ defending islam ’, was a motely crew ; a diverse group of people who, for different reasons, desired the same end : the fall of president nasheed ’ s government. it comprised of islamists angered by nasheed ’ s reluctance to embrace their extreme conservatism, tourism tycoons angered by nasheed ’ s new taxes, other political and monetary opportunists who saw the change as favourable to their status and pockets, and the authoritarians, those ‘ lingering remnants of dictatorship ’ determined to prevent the consolidation of democracy. several of these figures were seen on television, instigating, participating in or encouraging the events of 7 february. yet, coni only refers to them in order to describe them as victims of ‘ baseless allegations ’ : a great many names were bandied about, but with no evidential basis for the allegation. chief among those names were the present president dr waheed, former president gayoom, present minister of defence retired colonel


‘ baseless allegations ’ : a great many names were bandied about, but with no evidential basis for the allegation. chief among those names were the present president dr waheed, former president gayoom, present minister of defence retired colonel mohamed nazim, present chief of armed forces general ahmed shiyam, leader of jumhooree party qasim ibrahim, ex - minister of defence tholhath ibrahim, present state minister of home affairs mohamed fayaz, present commissioner of police abdulla riyaz and interim deputy leader of ppm umar naseer, and leader of the adhaalath party sheikh imran abdulla. let us, for one moment, leave aside questions about ‘ baseless allegations ’. what about questions arising from what everyone witnessed rather than based on supposed conjecture? what were opposition leaders doing in the police headquarters on 7 february during the unrest? why were they crying tears of joy, thanking allah, and hugging each other in celebration at the news that nasheed was to resign? why did gasim ibrahim thank god, as seen on tv, that ‘ it had ended without having to resort to arms ’? why were three civilians commanding the armed forces before president nasheed resigned? these are actions witnessed by the nation, not hearsay, not fantasy. coni does not appear to have asked any of these questions from any of the above - named people, choosing instead to focus on supposed false - allegations while ignoring questions arising from facts made bare for all to see. the questions that coni did ask, it reports, were satisfactorily answered. coni ’ s satisfaction does not seem to have required much. as long as the answer was one that was based on its already accepted fact — ‘ there was no coup ’ — even the commonest and lamest excuse was satisfactory : aslam, while appearing before the commission, read about an sms attributed to mr saleem, the permanent secretary of the ministry of environment. the sms spoke of a distribution of 2. 4 million rufia to the “ mutinying ” policemen. the commission summoned mr saleem. he debunked the message effortlessly, claiming that he did not recall sending such a message. after hearing him, the commission would not investigate the privacy and personal affairs of all and sundry as desired by president nasheed and his aides in the absence of minimally credible supporting evidence. ( emphasis added ) claiming not to recall an action is ‘ effortlessly debunking ’ any allegation that the act


of all and sundry as desired by president nasheed and his aides in the absence of minimally credible supporting evidence. ( emphasis added ) claiming not to recall an action is ‘ effortlessly debunking ’ any allegation that the act occurred? it is sufficient to not only stop any further investigation but also to accuse the other side of trying to invade the privacy of ‘ all and sundry ’? this is an astonishing stance to take for a commission charged with a responsibility of national importance. it is a stance, however, that allows coni to exclude from its inquiries any evidence that ‘ nasheed and his aides ’ submitted, presenting it all as ‘ baseless ’, ‘ belated ’ and / or ‘ incredible ’. it then becomes easy for coni to dismiss the demand for such investigations as ‘ naive ’, and a waste of important time. such allegations are very easy to make and some naively suggested that if the commission trolled through scores of bank accounts, telephone records, sms logs and intelligence reports, all would be revealed. a legal review of coni ’ s report commissioned by mdp and carried out by a team of sri lankan lawyers ( in the absence of any such studies undertaken by the maldivian legal community ) notes twenty - four significant occurrences relating to the events of 7 february that coni omitted from its deliberations. these include the unlawful activities committed by protesters in the opposition coalition ; umar naseer ’ s role in the events leading up to and on 7 february ; nasheed ’ s assurances to the police that no harm would come to them ; and the evidence of many key witnesses who were only called to the commission after the first draft of the coni report had been published 1 the coni report was expected to tell the maldivian people how their first democratically elected government came to an end on 7 february. it was meant to end, once and for all, the greatest rift among the maldivian people to date : the divide between those who believe that president mohamed nasheed resigned voluntarily and those who believe that he was forced to resign under duress. the coni report does give a definite verdict : president nasheed resigned voluntarily. a definitive conclusion it maybe, but it is hardly ‘ the objective truth ’ that coni claims it to be. it is a ‘ truth ’ that coni constructed by excluding what it arbitrarily deemed irrelevant and / or false, and including what it, in the same manner, deemed relevant and factual. given the relations between


##i claims it to be. it is a ‘ truth ’ that coni constructed by excluding what it arbitrarily deemed irrelevant and / or false, and including what it, in the same manner, deemed relevant and factual. given the relations between political power and truth — a truth cannot be accepted as such until those in power validate it through their words and actions — those who refuse to believe coni ’ s version of the truth are automatically labelled ‘ delusional ’, ‘ mad ’, or ‘ fantasists. ’ the coni report did not heal any rifts, it did not answer the questions that mattered, it did not provide the maldivian people with the information they need to see the ‘ truth ’ on their own. instead, it constructed an official version of events that everyone must accept as the truth or be themselves regarded as false. - the review also highlights how much evidence regarding the mutiny of a group of police and military personnel on 7 february — without which the change of government would not have been made possible — is missing from the coni report. given the importance of their role in the ending of the country ’ s first democratic government, and the increasingly powerful role that they have assumed in the maldivian society since, coni ’ s investigation into the police and military roles deserves a separate analysis. this will be published shortly as part of this series.


winton is a traditional range of oil colors made from moderately priced pigments, formulated for student and amateur artists or more accomplished painters who require large volumes of color within a moderate cost range. color swatch created using heavy application / medium application / 50 % tint and was applied on acrylic primed canvas ( 7 oz ) material. iron ( iii ) - oxide, partly hydrated brown ochre provides artists with earthtones from cream to brown and is a dull, dark variety of yellow ochre. its transparency varies widely from opaque shades to more transparent ones, which are valued for their use as glazes. it has good hiding power, produces a quick drying paint, and can be safely mixed with other pigments. the highest quality brown ochre comes from cyprus, where it is yellow in its raw form and is roasted to get the deeper brown - red varieties that result when water is removed. ( see yellow ochre, py42 / 43. ) brown ochre has excellent permanence. brown ochre is non - toxic. ochre comes from the greek word ochros, meaning pale yellow. it has been used since prehistoric times, and evidence of its use has been found in some of the earliest known cave paintings in lascaux, france. it has also been called goethite, after the german philosopher and mineralogist johann wolfgang von goethe ( 1749 - 1832 ). goethite, yellow ochre. fe2o3 • h2o yellow ochre provides artists with earthtones from cream to brown. it has good hiding power, produces a quick drying paint, and can be safely mixed with other pigments. its transparency varies widely from opaque shades to more transparent ones, which are valued for their use as glazes. if gypsum is present, yellow ochre is not suitable for frescoing. ( see brown ochre, py43. ) py42 is made from synthetic iron oxides. py43 is made from natural iron oxide. yellow ochre has excellent permanence because ochres are some of the most permanent pigments available. yellow ochre is non - toxic unless it contains manganese. ochre comes from the greek word ochros, meaning pale yellow. it was one of the first pigments to be used by human beings, and evidence of its use has been found at 300, 000 year old sites in france and the former czechoslovakia. chamois, iron yellow, mars orange, mars yellow, minette, ochre,


mines have been in use as an anti - starship weapon since at least the 2150s - romulans were known to use cloaked minefields at this time, leading to one incident in which significant damage was inflicted on the nx - 01 when it accidentally wandered into such a field. 1 gravitic mines were in use during the 22nd century - the disabling of a civilian spacecraft by a gravitic mine formed a part of starfleet ' s kobyashi maru test. 2 today the antimatter mine is a simple, no - frills weapon designed to be used in large numbers in order to restrict or deny an area of space to enemy forces. one of the simplest forms of mine is the command model ; this consists of a matter and antimatter charge held suspended in containment fields within a small case which also holds a communications mechanism. this type of mine would be deployed within the scan radius of a controlling vessel ; the ship then monitors the area for the approach of enemy vessels, detonating a mine by remote control when an enemy vessel approached it. if a long duration minefield is required a sensor drone can take the place of the ship. the enterprise - d used such a minefield to force the surrender of a cardassian fleet in the mcallister nebula in 2369. 3 in 2372 the klingon empire attempted to place a minefield around the bajoran system to prevent the federation reinforcements from reaching the system in the event of a klingon invasion. the plan was only revealed when one of the mines exploded by accident, badly damaging a klingon cruiser. 4 more complex and effective mines are each fitted with their own sensor system. although this makes the mines slightly more difficult to construct, such a minefield is not dependant on a single drone to run it and is hence more resistant to countermeasures. the better mines are essentially tiny drone spacecraft, fitted with their own independent sensors and drive system, controlled by an artificial intelligence computer. the federation type 16 mine is an example of this type - it constantly surveys space around it to a radius of five light seconds, analysing anything which enters this zone and comparing it to a pre - programmed file of enemy vessel types. the entire minefield can be networked together, allowing them to share sensor information between them. if an enemy target enters the field the mines will determine which one has the best possible intercept solution ; this mine will activate its micro impulse drive at the appropriate moment and track in on the


networked together, allowing them to share sensor information between them. if an enemy target enters the field the mines will determine which one has the best possible intercept solution ; this mine will activate its micro impulse drive at the appropriate moment and track in on the target, detonating its warhead at the moment of closest approach. the type 19 mine operates in a similar manner but the mines are fitted with a small warp engine to allow them to engage targets using warp drive. at this level the mine is essentially a photon torpedo capable of lying dormant for long periods. the most recent development in federation mine technology is the model developed by an engineering team on deep space nine under chief miles o ' brien. barely a metre in diameter this is one of the smallest mines in use by the federation. 5 it contains a photonic charge equal to several hundred grenades rather than a matter / antimatter charge, along with a micro impulse system and sensor system capable of scanning out to a radius of two thousand kilometres. the limited range and destructive capability is more than offset by the use of both a cloaking device and a replicator system on the mines ; when a target is detected the mines swarm it, overwhelming the defences. once the target is destroyed the mines in that area can replicate replacements to quickly bring the field back up to strength. this type of minefield is exceptionally difficult to clear ; the use of a cloaking system on the mines means that an enemy can never be sure that every mine has been destroyed in a weapons barrage. should only a handful survive to destroy another target, hundreds or even thousands more mines are quickly replicated and the field can be back up to full strength within hours. such a minefield was deployed at the bajoran wormhole to block access by dominion forces, triggering the federation - dominion war. 5 the dominion forces which captured ds9 at the outbreak of the war struggled several months to disable the minefield without success before finally managing it just before the station was retaken by allied forces. 6


bone loss stable on restricted calorie diet tuesday sept. 23, 2008 - - overweight adults who eat a low - calorie diet that includes proper nutrition can lose weight and fat without experiencing significant bone loss, a new study says. the study, by the team at pennington biomedical research center in baton rouge, la., included 46 healthy, overweight men and women ( average age 37 ) assigned to one of four groups : the 11 participants in the control group ate a healthy diet ; 12 others consumed 25 percent fewer calories than they expended per day ; 12 created a 25 percent energy deficit by eating fewer calories and exercising five days a week ; and 11 people ate a low - calorie diet ( 890 calories ) a day until they achieved a 15 percent weight loss, at which time they switched to a weight maintenance plan. all the diets contained the recommended levels of vitamin and minerals, and contained 30 percent fat, 15 percent protein and 55 percent carbohydrates, based on american heart association guidelines. after six months, people in the control group had an average body weight reduction of 1 percent, compared with 10. 4 percent in the calorie restriction group, 10 percent in the calorie restriction plus exercise group, and 13. 9 percent in the low - calorie diet group. at the start and end of the study, the researchers measured the participants ' bone mineral density and blood markers of bone resorption and formation - - processes by which bone is broken down and regenerated on a regular basis. " compared with the control group, none of the groups showed any change in bone mineral density for total body or hip, " the study authors wrote. after six months, markers of bone resorption were increased in all three intervention groups. markers of bone formation were lower in the calorie restriction group but remained the same in the low - calorie diet or calorie restriction plus exercise group. " our data do not support the notion that extreme weight loss ( more than 10 percent ) over short periods ( three months ) has a worse prognosis on bone health than gradual weight loss achieved over six months by moderate calorie restriction with or without aerobic exercise, " the researchers wrote. " we speculate that in young individuals undergoing calorie restriction, minor adjustments in bone occur as a normal physiological adaptation to the reduced body mass. further studies of longer duration are warranted and should include an assessment of bone architecture to ensure that bone quality


generalizing statistical results to the entire population making conclusions about a much broader population than your sample actually represents is one of the biggest no - no ' s in statistics. this kind of problem is called generalization, and it occurs more often than you might think. people want their results instantly ; they don ' t want to wait for them, so well - planned surveys and experiments take a back seat to instant web surveys and convenience samples. for example, a researcher wants to know how cable news channels have influenced the way americans get their news. he also happens to be a statistics professor at a large research institution and has 1, 000 students in his classes. he decides that instead of taking a random sample of americans, which would be difficult, time - consuming, and expensive, he will just put a question on his final exam to get his students ' answers. his data analysis shows that only 5 percent of his students read the newspaper and / or watch network news programs anymore ; the rest watch cable news. for his class, the ratio of students who exclusively watch cable news compared to those students who don ' t is 20 to 1. the professor reports this and sends out a press release about it. the cable news channels pick up on it and the next day are reporting, " americans choose cable news channels over newspapers and network news by a 20 - to - 1 margin! " do you see what ' s wrong with this picture? the problem is that the professor ' s conclusions go way beyond his study, which is wrong. he used the students in his statistics class to obtain the data that serves as the basis for his entire report and the resulting headline. yet the professor reports the results about all americans. it ' s safe to say that a sample of 1, 000 college students taking a statistics class at the same time at the same college doesn ' t represent a cross section of america. if the professor wants to make conclusions in the end about america, he has to select a random sample of americans to take his survey. if he uses 1, 000 students from his class, then his conclusions can be made only about that class and no one else. to avoid or detect generalization, identify the population that you ' re intending to make conclusions about and make sure the selected sample represents that population. if the sample represents a smaller group within that population, then the conclusions have to be downsized in scope also.


a boy at war : a novel of pearl harbor simon & schuster books for young readers publication date : june 2012 digital book format : epub ( adobe drm ) they rowed hard, away from the battleships and the bombs. water sprayed over them. the rowboat pitched one way and then the other. then, before his eyes, the arizona lifted up out of the water. that enormous battleship bounced up in the air like a rubber ball and split apart. fire burst out of the ship. a geyser of water shot into the air and came crashing down. adam was almost thrown out of the rowboat. he clung to the seat as it swung around. he saw blue skies and the glittering city. the boat swung back again, and he saw black clouds, and the arizona, his father ' s ship, sinking beneath the water. - - from a boy at war " he kept looking up, afraid the planes would come back. the sky was obscured by black smoke.... it was all unreal : the battleships half sunk, the bullet holes in the boat, davi and martin in the water. " december 7, 1941 : on a quiet sunday morning, while adam and his friends are fishing near honolulu, a surprise attack by japanese bombers destroys the fleet at pearl harbor. even as adam struggles to survive the sudden chaos all around him, and as his friends endure the brunt of the attack, a greater concern hangs over his head : adam ' s father, a navy lieutenant, was stationed on the uss arizona when the bombs fell. during the subsequent days adam - - not yet a man, but no longer a boy - - is caught up in the war as he desperately tries to make sense of what happened to his friends and to find news of his father. harry mazer, whose autobiographical novel, the last mission, brought the european side of world war ii to vivid life, now turns to the pacific theater and how the impact of war can alter young lives forever.


eden wild rice is hand harvested in canoes from northern minnesota lakes by the leech lake band of ojibwe. state laws distinguish authentic wild rice as native harvested using the non - mechanized methods that have been passed on for over a thousand years. eden wild rice supports traditional culture and helps preserve this ancient harvest. it provides true wild rice experience and benefit in its light, sweet, and fluffy cooked form. eden wild rice zizania palutris is authentic wild rice, strikingly different from paddy grown ' wild rice '. hybrid paddy grown ' wild rice ' is usually black, very hard, and takes much longer to cook while still having tough texture. most items labeled wild rice are paddy grown in california and not subject to laws that distinguish authentic wild rice grown in minnesota. when people experience real wild rice, like eden ' s, they are usually amazed that it is so soft and sweetly delicious. eden wild rice is harvested from the end of august through early september, the time the ojibwe call the ' rice harvest moon ' or ' manoominike giizis. ' early in the day ricers set out in canoes to hand harvest the ripened grains. there are two people per canoe, a poler who stands in the back, and a knocker who sits in the middle. the poler guides the canoe through stands of rice using a forked pole about 20 feet long. rice beds are too dense to paddle through. the knocker uses two cedar wood sticks resembling large drumsticks to harvest the rice. alternating between left and right hands, he uses one stick to pull the rice stalk over the canoe and the other to tap the rice loose from the stalk into the canoe. unripe grains stay on the stalk. some falls off and re - seeds the lake, and some will be harvested another day. when full the canoe returns to shore and the rice is winnowed removing its chaff and then parched in a wood fired roaster to dry and protect it while imparting flavor notes. the only indigenous north american grain, wild rice is an annual aquatic reed grass that grows to 12 feet with a 2 foot flowering panicle. poaceae ( gramineae ) or grain family, not a true rice of the oryza genus. used like any other grain, it is gluten free and embraced by those with sensitivity to modern wheat or other grains containing gluten. according to ojibwe history, they were told by the creator to move westward from


elements of network - based assessment save to my collections gibson, d. ( 2003 ). elements of network - based assessment. in c. crawford et al. ( eds. ), proceedings of society for information technology & teacher education international conference 2003 ( pp. 65 - 71 ). chesapeake, va : aace. retrieved from http : / / www. editlib. org / p / 17829. society for information technology & teacher education international conference ( site ) 2003 albuquerque, new mexico, usa caroline crawford, niki davis, jerry price, roberta weber & dee anna willis more information on site table of contents abstract : this article presents an introduction to elements of a network - based assessment system based in recent advances in knowledge and practice in learning theory, assessment design and delivery, and semantic web interoperability. the envisioned architecture takes advantage of the meditating role of technology, the major elements in emerging designs for assessment systems, and how network - based processes can take advantage of these perspectives. - video annotation system and formative assessment tool using flash media server - the use of web 2. 0 social networking technologies to expedite collaboration both in and out of the university classroom - the development of a pervasive collaborative lms 2. 0 - who we are : analysis of 10 years of the ed - media conference - collectives, networks and groups in social software for e - learning - teaching sustainable yield concepts using flash media server and adobe flex - a ria - based collaborative learning system for e - learning 2. 0 - moodle vs. facebook : does using facebook for discussions in an online course enhance perceived social presence and student interaction? - can microblogs and weblogs change traditional scientific writing? - student - teacher interaction on facebook : what students find appropriate comments & discussion comment on the paper above. you must be registered to participate. registration is free.


dino eggs … and what ' s inside by sara f. schacter what could be rarer than discovering the egg of a real dinosaur? how about finding the baby dinosaur still inside? in a huge dinosaur nesting ground in argentina, scientists recently found the fossil remains of six unhatched baby dinosaurs. about a foot long and snuggled up inside eggs the size of grapefruit, these dinosaur embryos have helped solve the mystery of which dinosaurs laid the miles and miles of eggs buried in the dirt and rock. the tiny embryos were titanosaurs — a type of sauropod, the long - necked, plant - eating dinosaurs that were among the largest land animals ever. scientists were amazed that their delicate skulls and fragile skin had survived long enough to become fossilized. some embryos still had tiny, sharp teeth in their mouths. by studying the embryos ' skulls, scientists are learning just how dramatically the structure of the titanosaurs ' faces changed as they grew. the embryos ' nostrils are at the tips of their snouts, but by the time titanosaurs were full grown, their skulls changed so that their nostrils were almost between their eyes. in yet another amazing discovery, scientists in england have found fossilized dino vomit! coughed up 160 million years ago by a large marine reptile called ichthyosaur, the vomit contains the undigested shells of squidlike shellfish — no doubt ichthyosaur ' s favorite snack. “ we believe that this is the first time the existence of fossil vomit on a grand scale has been proven, ” said one excited scientist. - embryo : an animal in the earliest stage of development. - fossil : something that remains of a living thing from long ago. - what kinds of things did scientists learn about the way titanosaurs reproduce? [ anno : the scientists learned that titanosaurs laid a lot of eggs over a wide area. they had a nesting ground. ] - where was the dinosaur vomit found? [ anno : it was found in england. ] - what kind of a dinosaur made the vomit? [ anno : an ichthyosaur ] - how has the habitat of the ichthyosaur changed, from the time it lived until today? how do you know this change has happened? [ anno : when the ichthyosaur lived, its habitat was an ocean. the ichthyosaur was a marine dinosaur, so the area that is now england must have been under water. ]


environment commissioner and danish minister meet 80, 000 workers at the eea new workers at the eea keeping bees on our roof provides an excellent opportunity for the eea to get hands - on experience of caring for the productive systems of our planet. environmental projects like this show how social and environmental benefits often go hand - in - hand. hopefully our positive experience can inspire other cities across europe to start similar projects. professor jacqueline mcglade, executive director of the eea professor mcglade said : “ keeping bees on our roof provides an excellent opportunity for the eea to get hands - on experience of caring for the productive systems of our planet. environmental projects like this show how social and environmental benefits often go hand - in - hand. hopefully our positive experience can inspire other cities across europe to start similar projects. ” bees are a prime example of an undervalued service that nature delivers to human society. together with other species ( mostly insects but also bats and birds ) bees play a key role as pollinators – enabling reproduction of plants, wild and domesticated. one attempt to price this service estimates the contribution of insect pollinators to agricultural output may be worth up to us $ 190 billion per year. since the introduction of modern agricultural methods, new diseases and other environmental changes, bees have been in decline across europe. these reasons are not fully understood and research is ongoing. however, there is some good news - urban beekeeping is increasing. copenhagen is one of the most recent cities to embrace beekeeping, following paris, berlin and hong kong. the bees can find plenty of pollen in the parks and gardens of cities, and the honey is generally of a very high quality. in addition, urban beekeeping can raise awareness of the importance of pollinators and contributes to urban biodiversity. commissioner potocnik added : " we take bees for granted, and the same goes for many other ecosystem services – the soil, air and water that nature provides for free. but we should take more care. bees are signal species and when we fail to respect their lifestyle, they may no longer be able to help support ours. in the environment council this week, we discussed the new biodiversity strategy for europe, setting out objectives and targets towards 2020. i sincerely hope that we can convince enough people that everyone needs to be part of protecting biodiversity, and that is why initiatives like this one – bringing nature to city centres – are so useful. " danish minister of the environment karen ellemann said : “ my aim is to actively engage danes in preserving all


everyone needs to be part of protecting biodiversity, and that is why initiatives like this one – bringing nature to city centres – are so useful. " danish minister of the environment karen ellemann said : “ my aim is to actively engage danes in preserving all of our species. the annual value of pollination from danish honey bees is estimated at one billion dollars, so it is therefore significant that 3. 5 million bees are now being kept in copenhagen. urban beekeeping can raise people ’ s awareness of the importance of pollinators and contribute to the crucial protection of biodiversity. ” the eea has been keeping bees on its roof since april 2011. the two hives sit on the roof of the five - storey building in central copenhagen, and during the summer are home to approximately 80, 000 bees. these hives will provide an estimated 100kgs of honey per year. the hives are managed by the bybi ( danish for ‘ city bee ’ ) social enterprise, which trains formerly homeless people in beekeeping. biodiversity is also one of the aims of the un international year of forests. to mark this event in 2011, the eea has also given over its courtyard to an artistic installation representing a forest, featuring living birch trees. commissioner potocnik was visiting the eea to discuss further collaboration between the eea and the commission.


since 2000, the folks at realtime embedded have concentrated on helping companies develop embedded systems used in advanced products. their four primary focus areas are fpga, linux, virtual hardware, and multicore processing systems. realtime embedded is involved in customer and financed research projects, in house and on site, spanning a wide range of industries. many of you may have already read my blog called how to design an fpga from scratch, which i started to write 2006 and which max maxfield wrote about in ee times for the first time in 2007. my latest blog describes the work i have performed at realtime embedded over the course of the past year. in this blog, i investigate four soft - core processors and use the same setup as in my first blog called “ learning by doing. ” this means that each soft processor will be implemented in an fpga and the whole design process will be documented. click here to visit my blog. why use soft - core processors? when designing an embedded system in a fpga, we will most likely need some form of “ controller ” in our system. this controller can be a simple microcontroller or a fully - fledged microprocessor running the linux operating system. but before we make this decision, let ’ s first consider the various options that are available to us. one solution is to use an off - the - shelf ( ots ) microprocessor mounted on the board and connecting to the fpga using a standard bus like amba. in fact, this still appears to be the most commonly - used solution. there are times, however, where an ots processor - based approach will not meet our requirements. an example would be an application that requires peripheral functionality that is not available in a discrete solution, or where board real estate is limited. another option is to embed a “ hard ” processor core on the chip. a hard processor core has dedicated silicon area on the fpga. this allows it to operate with a core frequency similar to that of a discrete microprocessor. examples of hard processor cores used in fpgas are the powerpc used in virtex - 4 / 5 and the arm cortex - a9 dual - core mcu used in the new zynq - 7000 all programmable soc from xilinx unfortunately, a hard processor core does not provide the ability to adjust it to better meet the needs of the application, nor does it allow for the flexibility of adding a processor to an existing fpga


7000 all programmable soc from xilinx unfortunately, a hard processor core does not provide the ability to adjust it to better meet the needs of the application, nor does it allow for the flexibility of adding a processor to an existing fpga design or adding an additional processor to provide more processing capabilities. a soft - core processor solution is one that is implemented entirely in the logic primitives of an fpga. because of this implementation, the processor will not operate at the same clock frequencies or have the same performance of a discrete solution. in many embedded applications, however, the high performance achieved by the previous two processing options is not required, and performance can be traded for expanded functionality, reduced cost, and flexibility. all the major fpga vendors have soft - core processors in their product offerings and there are also a number of companies and organizations developing soft - core processors that are platform independent and can be implemented in any fpga design. choosing a soft - core processor when commencing an fpga design project that will employ a soft - core processor, it can be hard to decide which processor to use. to help you with this decision and give you quick start guide, let ’ s take a closer look at four soft - core processor to see which one would be most suitable for your platform. here are the four candidates we will investigate : - nios ii our system will be built on a standard fpga development board. we will use the cae tools that are suggested by the processor provider and try to use license - free tools as much as possible. when there are no free tools available, we will use an evaluation license from the fpga vendor. the system must be able to run a linux operating system and a real time operating system ( rtos ). the performance of the processor cores will be measured by using the benchmark program coremark. cpu core benchmarking although it doesn ’ t reflect how you would use a processor in a real application, sometimes it ’ s important to isolate the cpu ’ s core from the other elements of the processor and focus on one key element. for example, you might want to have the ability to ignore memory and i / o effects and focus primarily on the pipeline operation. coremark ( www. coremark. org ) is capable of testing a processor ’ s basic pipeline structure ; it also provides the ability to test basic read / write operations, integer operations, and control operations. we will use the linux distribution recommended by the processor vendor. an embedded system that is


skip to main content more search options a member of our team will call you back within one business day. you may think child poisoning couldn ’ t happen to your family, but it could. in fact, a child in the u. s. is poisoned every 30 seconds. many household products and substances can be poisonous. three important things you can do to keep your children safe are : lock up all poisonous materials out of children ’ s reach. teach your children to stay away from poisons. be prepared for emergencies. this includes posting the poison control number ( 800 - 222 - 1222 ) near all telephones. read on for more details about poisonings and how to prevent them. be sure to pass this sheet on to grandparents and other caregivers to help them “ poison - proof ” their homes. many caregivers are not up - to - date about poison dangers and how to avoid these dangers. poisonings can occur for many reasons : young children like to explore, often by putting things in their mouths. children often get into things their parents didn ’ t think they could. for instance, kids may be able to reach items on high counters or in open cabinets. children often copy adult behavior. so they might try to use a product, such as medication, without knowing the dangers. children are attracted to bright colors and appealing scents. this can be dangerous, for instance, if a child doesn ’ t know that a lemon - scented floor cleaner is not something to drink. kids are at higher risk than adults of poisoning from the same amount of poison. this is because children are smaller and their bodies are affected more easily. the tips below can help prevent a poisoning in your home. store toxic products and substances out of reach of children. keep them in a locked cabinet. store products in their original containers. never transfer products from one container to another, especially to food or beverage containers. this can confuse children. it can also cause problems in identifying the product in case of a poisoning. buy products in child - resistant packaging. but keep in mind that no container is childproof, even with a safety cap. buy products wisely. choose the least toxic product for your purpose. for instance, avoid buying concentrates. they are far more hazardous than ready - to - use chemicals. never mix together cleaning products, especially those containing ammonia and bleach. this can produce dangerous fumes. read labels to find out what products are poisonous. and follow all safety precautions on product labels. don ’ t keep risky items in your


. never mix together cleaning products, especially those containing ammonia and bleach. this can produce dangerous fumes. read labels to find out what products are poisonous. and follow all safety precautions on product labels. don ’ t keep risky items in your purse, such as medications and vitamins. kids can often get into your purse. following are household products that can pose a poisoning risk to children. medications and vitamins. nearly half of all child poisonings involve medications. keep them in a locked cabinet out of reach of children. keep all medications out of reach, even those with a safety cap. always close the container and the childproof cap securely after taking medication. don ’ t leave medications where your child can reach them. risky spots include on the counter, in your purse, and on the nightstand. don ’ t take medications in front of children. pay attention when giving a child medication. read the label and make sure you ’ re giving the correct product and dosage. never allow young children to take medication themselves. before giving medication to a child, make sure another family member has not already given it. dispose of outdated medications safely. do not toss them in the trash, flush them, or pour them down the drain. instead, put liquid medication or pills into a sealable plastic bag ( crush the pills first ). add kitty litter, coffee grounds, or other material to discourage kids or pets from eating it. then place in the trash. for more suggestions, ask your pharmacist or local waste disposal company. or visit www. smarxtdisposal. net. don ’ t tell kids that medications are candy. that may encourage children to eat them. this is also true for vitamins. be especially careful with prenatal vitamins, which contain high levels of iron. iron can be deadly to kids if they overdose on it. store cleaners, pest control poisons, paint, and other dangerous substances safely. put them in a locked cabinet out of reach of children. take care to store dangerous substances safely in the garage as well as inside the house. be aware that alcohol poisoning can happen from anything that contains alcohol. this includes alcoholic drinks, mouthwash, perfumes, and even some extracts, such as almond extract. keep all items containing alcohol out of reach of children. avoid keeping houseplants that are poisonous when eaten, such as irises and daffodils. check www. poison. org / prevent / plants. asp for more information. if you do have poisonous