states never have entered into any war or act of hostility against any mehomitan nation, it is declared by the partners that no pretext arising from religious opinions shall ever produce an interruption of the harmony between the two countries. pleased with the article, abdul hamid stated, in regard to the philippines, that the " mohammedans in question recognized him as caliph of the moslems and he felt sure they would follow his advice. " two sulu chiefs were in mecca at the time, and they were informed that the caliph and the american ambassador had reached a definite understanding that the muslims of the philippines " would not be disturbed in the practice of their religion if they would promptly place themselves under the control of the american army. " later, ambassador straus wrote, the " sulu mohammedans... refused to join the insurrectionists and had placed themselves under the control of our army, thereby recognizing american sovereignty. " this account is supported by an article written by lt. col. john p. finley ( who had been the american governor of zamboanga province in the philippines for ten years ) and published in the april 1915 issue of the journal of race development. finley wrote : at the beginning of the war with spain the united states government was not aware of the existence of any mohammedans in the philippines. when this fact was discovered and communicated to our ambassador in turkey, oscar s. straus, of new york, he at once saw the possibilities which lay before us of a holy war.... [ h ] e sought and gained an audience with the sultan, abdul hamid, and requested him as caliph of the moslem religion to act in behalf of the followers of islam in the philippines.... the sultan as caliph caused a message to be sent to the mohammedans of the philippine islands forbidding them to enter into any hostilities against the americans, inasmuch as no interference with their religion would be allowed under american rule. later, president mckinley sent a personal letter of gratitude to ambassador straus for his excellent work, declaring that it had saved the united states " at least twenty - thousand troops in the field. " all thanks to the caliph, abdul hamid ii. such acts of statesmanship make painfully obvious that if there are any religious leaders in the muslim world today who walk in the footsteps of the great caliph, they are not the terrorist leaders of al qaeda, but rather the peacemakers such as grand ayatollah ali sistani, who have been trying to defuse the violence in iraq by cooper


today who walk in the footsteps of the great caliph, they are not the terrorist leaders of al qaeda, but rather the peacemakers such as grand ayatollah ali sistani, who have been trying to defuse the violence in iraq by cooperating with coalition forces and calming fellow muslims. when terrorists like abu musab al - zarqawi and his big brother osama bin laden portray themselves as warriors for the caliphate, they totally misrepresent the historical meaning and function of this islamic institution. what they do is " hijack " the caliphate - - to borrow a term from president bush - - as much as the faith it represents. the caliphate was abolished in march 1924 by that supreme secularizer mustafa kemal ataturk, the young turk hero of world war i and the turkish war of independence. despite strong opposition in the turkish national parliament, ataturk dethroned and expelled the last caliph, abdulmecid efendi, a cousin of abdul hamid, and outlawed all islamic institutions including the sufi orders. the 1, 300 - year - old leadership of islam was destroyed overnight. today many turks see this act as a great leap forward in turkey ' s modernization. yet it also had terrible side effects. the religious kurds, who had been loyal to the ottoman state for centuries, mainly out of islamic brotherhood, were shaken. in 1925, a group of them revolted against secular turkey with the aim of reestablishing the caliphate. they were crushed, and this trauma was the source of turkey ' s never - ending kurdish question. indeed, the excesses of the kemalist revolution poisoned the very notion of modernization for many devout muslims all over the world. reza shah pahlavi of iran, inspired by kemal, became an even more enthusiastic secularizer and tried to de - islamicize his society by force - - ordering police, for example, to rip the veils off women in the streets. the response, in the long run, would be ayatollah khomeini. and in the sunni arab world, the end of the caliphate left a vacuum of authority that was filled by myriad radical, revolutionary, or fundamentalist movements. the worst was wahhabism, the product of a revolt against the ottoman empire in the 18th century that the caliphs suppressed. in the post - caliphate disorder, wahhabism found fertile ground for spreading its antimodern and inhumane distortion of islam. one antidote to that violent heresy is to recover the spirit of islamic modern


" stress impacts diet, and diet impacts stress, " says lisa dorfman, director of sports nutrition at the university of miami. the physiological changes that anxiety causes - - namely the release of hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol - - affect the way we metabolize energy and use food. but certain nutrients and ingredients can help reduce the effects of stress. here are dorfman ' s suggestions on what to eat and why. what you need : antioxidants where to get it : colorful fruits and vegetables - - berries, leafy greens, carrots, red peppers - - are rich in antioxidant phytonutrients. how it helps : antioxidants help protect the body ' s cells from breaking down under stress. what you need : omega - 3 fatty acids where to get it : fatty fish ( such as salmon ) and flaxseed are good sources of these essential fatty acids. how it helps : omega - 3s are anti - inflammatory and help regulate blood pressure. what you need : magnesium where to get it : the mineral is found in whole grains, nuts, black beans, and spinach. how it helps : this electrolyte sends messages to the muscles telling them to relax. what you need : potassium where to get it : avocados, bananas, and yogurt are rich in this mineral and electrolyte. how it helps : potassium has been shown to help regulate blood pressure. what you need : " good " carbohydrates where to get it : whole - wheat bread, oatmeal, and brown rice are excellent choices. how it helps : carbs help produce higher levels of serotonin, which has a calming effect on the body and helps curb cravings for sugary foods.


tony addison and miguel nino - zarazua china and india are making immense strides in development. growth in both countries has been impressive. but there is now much concern about whether impressive growth rates are yielding enough poverty reduction. the present debate about their poverty lines is a reflection of this. in this second part of a two - part article ( first part featured in january ’ s angle ), we focus on more inclusive growth in these two asian giants. india and, especially, china have enjoyed rapid economic growth, with a median growth rate of 6 % and 10 % in the 1980 - 2010 period, respectively. this has catapulted the impressive growth in per capita gross national income ( gni ) in the two countries : in 1980, the gni per capita based on purchasing power parity ( ppp ) was in the order of us $ 430 in india and us $ 250 in china. by 2010, the two countries had increased their per capita income up to us $ 3, 560 and us $ 7, 570, respectively. the high growth rates in china are largely explained by the high gross capital formation over the past 30 years, which as a percentage of gdp fluctuated around the median of 38 %, vis - a - vis 24 % in india, although the investment gap between the two countries has narrowed in recent years. a significant part of the domestic investment in china, about 20 % of gdp, has gone to infrastructure projects, which is nearly 10 times more than the share of gdp invested in infrastructure in india. that has facilitated the accelerated rate at which the chinese economy has transited form agricultural to manufacturing production. in india, the transition has been towards the it off - shore service industry with as much as 60 % of the labour force remaining engaged in traditional farming activities. economic growth is a necessary condition to rising per capital income, but it is nonetheless insufficient to guarantee a steady trend towards poverty reduction. in china, for instance, the relationship between economic growth and poverty reduction is far from being linear, with episodes of high economic performance in the 1990s accompanied with increases in the poverty rates ( see figure 2 ). in india, since the late 1990s the country has experienced the fastest economic growth, and yet the speed at which poverty is being reduced has decelerated. this tells us about the importance of public interventions in making growth more inclusive. indeed, it is now well understood that policies that are designed to maximise growth can only trickle down to the poor if they are accompanied by wealth redistribution, employment opportunities, investments in human capital


about the importance of public interventions in making growth more inclusive. indeed, it is now well understood that policies that are designed to maximise growth can only trickle down to the poor if they are accompanied by wealth redistribution, employment opportunities, investments in human capital, and the provision of social protection for the most vulnerable groups in society. spatial inequalities are particularly evident across china, with western and interior rural communities experiencing much weaker effects from economic growth than the eastern coastal provinces. unu - wider ’ s world income inequality database shows that the gini coefficients in china, which measure the income inequality ranging from zero for ‘ perfect ’ equality to one for maximal inequality, have been consistently higher in rural areas than in urban areas, despite the observed growing inequality in urban areas largely attributed to unregistered migration from the countryside to the cities. this, in combination with the fact that the national gini coefficients are higher than both the rural and urban ginis, indicates that the rural – urban divide is driving the growing levels of inequity in the country. in india, the ginis have been consistently higher in the urban areas, with the rural – urban divide also growing over the last two decades. this is illustrated by the ratios of the rural to urban consumption expenditure that have declined from 0. 63 in the early 1970s to 0. 58 in the mid 1990s. fiscal policies have a lot to do with wealth redistribution. tax rates in china and india are low, with most revenues coming from indirect taxes. this also reflects the low share of government revenues as percentage of gdp, which oscillates around 20 %. this is in contrast with the average of 50 % observed in oecd countries. tax systems in both countries remain limited to maximising redistributive policies, and to a large extent, they will also limit the capacity of these countries to tackle extreme deprivation in the coming years. china and india also face significant challenges in terms of employment generation. rising unemployment is a driving factor in the incidence of poverty in urban areas in china, which has been exacerbated by market - oriented structural reforms and large migration flows of unskilled workers from rural areas to the cities. migrant workers face exclusion from formal employment arrangements and state benefits such as housing, health and school subsidies, as well as income support from social protection schemes. but the capacity of china to continue absorbing a larger share of the global consumer goods markets is becoming increasingly limited, with other emerging markets, including india, aggressively competing to get a share of the market


, as well as income support from social protection schemes. but the capacity of china to continue absorbing a larger share of the global consumer goods markets is becoming increasingly limited, with other emerging markets, including india, aggressively competing to get a share of the market. by the same token, it is unclear the extent to which the growing it industry in india will be able to be the catalyst for a sustained growth, given the large unskilled labour force in the country that remains poor and disconnected from the booming economy. china and india have made important progress in public service provision, which is associated with the reduction in the poverty rates observed in the two countries. the most recent human development report ( 2011 ) shows that the respective human development index ( hdi ) for china and india has grown at an average annual rate of 1. 73 % and 1. 51 %. but challenges persist. in rural china, for instance, accessibility to healthcare is largely financed by out - of - pocket expenses that absorb a large share of household expenditure among poor households. in india, there are serious concerns about the quality of public services, which are very low by international standards. when desegregating the hdi by its components, we also observe that in india both health and especially education indicators fall behind countries with similar per capita incomes. evidence of schools without books and teachers, and health clinics without doctors and drugs is vast and disturbing. it also shows the importance of increasing public expenditure on the social sectors to improve the accessibility to, and quality of, health and education, and ultimately, reduce poverty. social protection in the two countries remains highly fragmented. in china, the minimum living subsidy scheme, ( also known as di bao ) was introduced in 1997 to support the urban unemployed poor who had been affected by the market - based structural reforms. the programme remains limited as it excludes those who although in poverty are not registered in the civil affairs department office. as pointed out earlier, these are by large migrant rural workers who move to the city in search of livelihoods. in the mid 2000s, the di bao was gradually extended to the rural areas to cover nearly 42 million rural people, but the size of the transfers are unlikely to reduce the incentives to migrate to the cities. the rural di bao, together with the urban di bao, cover nearly 150 million people, which represents the second largest social protection programme worldwide in terms of scale and coverage, just behind india ’ s national rural employment guarantee scheme ( nregs ). the nregs provides a guarantee of 100 days of


, cover nearly 150 million people, which represents the second largest social protection programme worldwide in terms of scale and coverage, just behind india ’ s national rural employment guarantee scheme ( nregs ). the nregs provides a guarantee of 100 days of waged employment per year to unemployed unskilled workers, currently covering nearly 48 million households, or about 240 million people. in fact, india ’ s social protection system is complex but incomplete. it spans from categorical and means - tested age and disability pensions, and income transfers for schooling and healthcare accessibility, to unemployment schemes such as the nregs that rely on self - selection for the identification of beneficiaries and therefore exclude those who due to disability, illness, or age are unable to particulate in the scheme. the programmes are also unevenly distributed across the country, with many states and communities yet to be covered. more co - ordination and institution building are clearly needed, but at the same time, social protection will only provide a sustained process of poverty reduction if it is supported by growth, redistributive policies, improvements in public service provision and employment opportunities. to the extent that the two countries will be able to address these challenges, poverty reduction will be significantly achieved on a global scale. the redefinition of the poverty lines gives us positive clues, but the final outcomes are yet to be seen. tony addison is chief economist - deputy director, unu - wider. miguel nino - zarazua is a research fellow, unu - wider.


updated : january 10, 2012 controlling land clearing the northern territory ( nt ) is home to the core of the world ’ s largest tropical savanna on earth. the woodlands and grasslands of the nt store billions of tonnes of carbon. land clearing laws in queensland and nsw helped cut those states ’ carbon pollution levels significantly over the past decade. stopping major land clearing is fastest and cheapest way to achieve deep cuts in carbon emissions, as well as protecting wildlife, soil and river health. not only will this protect the unique environment of the nt, but underpins the livelihoods and prosperity of river communities and businesses now and for future generations. in december 2008 the nt labor government committed to pass a native vegetation management act that is ‘ world ’ s best ’ practice by mid 2010, including placing caps on land clearing. but to date this has not been delivered, despite key stakeholders, including members of the daly river management advisory committee, amateur fishermens ' association of the northern territory and traditional owners in the daly river catchment supporting a streamlined and effective approach to regulating the clearing of native vegetation. the existing parallel processes under the planning act and pastoral lands act is duplicative and outdated. the nt climate change policy commits to maintaining native vegetation as a carbon bank, and maintaining the nt as a low land clearing jurisdiction. the consultation draft native vegetation management bill was provided to key stakeholders, including nt cattlemens association and nt agricultural association, in march 2011. passing a native vegetation management act and capping land clearing at low levels is the single most significant environmental reform nt labor could achieve in this term of parliament. we are campaigning for all political parties to commit to stopping major land clearing by : - committing to pass a strong native vegetation management act, - announcing annual and long term caps on clearing that ensure annual rates of clearing are very low and trend downward over time, and - ensuring indigenous communities are not excluded from potential future sustainable development through ‘ indigenous reserves ’ within the caps. for more information, please contact : the wilderness society inc


this is a picture of the colorado river near hoover dam. click on image for full size rivers are very important to earth because they are major forces that shape the landscape. also, they provide transportation and water for drinking, washing and farming. rivers can flow on land or underground in deserts and seas. rivers may come from mountain springs, melting glaciers or lakes. a river ' s contribution to the water cycle is that it collects water from the ground and returns it to the ocean. the water we drink is about 3 billion years old because it has been recycled over and over since the first rainfall. a delta is where a river meets the sea. usually the river flows more slowly at the delta than at its start because it deposits sediment. sediment can be anything from mud, sand and even rock fragments. a special environment is created when the fresh water from the river mixes with the salty ocean water. this is environment is called estuary. the longest river is the nile river in africa, and the amazon river in south america carries the most water. the muddiest river is the yellow river in china. shop windows to the universe science store! we have beautiful specimens of banded iron formation in our online store from nature ' s own, along with many other mineral you might also be interested in : the water at the ocean surface is moved primarily by winds. large scale winds move in specific directions because they are affected by earthis spin and the coriolis effect. because earth spins constantly,... more sneeze into a pile of dust and the particles fly everywhere. sneeze into a pile of rocks and they stay put. thatis because they have more mass. you need more force than a sneeze to move those rocks. wind... more the gulf of mexico : what role will the mississippi river play in oil washing ashore and into delta wetlands? one of the spill ' s greatest environmental threats is to louisiana ' s wetlands, scientists believe.... more in a feat of reverse - engineering, christian braudrick of university of california at berkeley and three coauthors have successfully built and maintained a scale model of a living meandering gravel - bed... more rivers are very important to earth because they are major forces that shape the landscape. also, they provide transportation and water for drinking, washing and farming. rivers can flow on land or underground... more one process which transfers water from the ground back to the atmosphere is evaporation. evaporation is when water passes from a liquid phase


changing planet : black carbon black carbon contributes to global warming in two ways. when in the atmosphere, it absorbs sunlight and generates heat, warming the air. when deposited on snow and ice, it changes the albedo of the surface, absorbing sunlight and generating heat. this further accelerates warming, since the heat melts snow and ice, revealing a lower albedo surface which continues to absorb sunlight - a vicious cycle of warming. click on the video at the left to watch the nbc learn video - changing planet : black carbon. lesson plan : changing planet : black carbon - a dusty situation shop windows to the universe science store! is a fun group game appropriate for the classroom. players follow nitrogen atoms through living and nonliving parts of the nitrogen cycle. for grades 5 - 9. you might also be interested in : earth ’ s climate is warming. during the 20th century earth ’ s average temperature rose 0. 6° celsius ( 1. 1°f ). scientists are finding that the change in temperature has been causing other aspects of our planet... more this picture shows a part of the earth surface as seen from the international space station high above the earth. a perspective like this reminds us that there are lots of different things that cover the... more arctic sea ice is covered with snow all winter. bright white, the snow - covered ice has a high albedo so it absorbs very little of the solar energy that gets to it. and during the arctic winter, very little... more altocumulus clouds ( weather symbol - ac ), are made primarily of liquid water and have a thickness of 1 km. they are part of the middle cloud group ( 2000 - 7000m up ). they are grayish - white with one part... more altostratus clouds ( weather symbol - as ) consist of water and some ice crystals. they belong to the middle cloud group ( 2000 - 7000m up ). an altostratus cloud usually covers the whole sky and has a gray... more cirrocumulus clouds ( weather symbol - cc ) are composed primarily of ice crystals and belong to the high cloud group ( 5000 - 13000m ). they are small rounded puffs that usually appear in long rows. cirrocumulus... more cirrostratus ( weather symbol - cs ) clouds consist almost entirely of ice crystals and belong to the high cloud ( 5000 - 13000m ) group. they are sheetlike thin clouds that usually cover the entire


" i just found some really sweet, teeny tiny, wild cluster grapes. my uncle said they are winter grapes. do you have a recipe? " doug horn, llano, texas it is very difficult to identify any grape without seeing it on the vine and tasting it, but i think i can come close on this one. at least four north american native grapes share the name " winter grape " - - vitis berlandieri, v. bicolor, v. cordifolia ( properly, v. vulpina ), and v. cinerea. v. cordifolia / vulpina rightfully owns the name. but the point is that the name hints at a very late ripening for all four species. i will rule out v. bicolor for many reasons i need not mention. v. cordifolia / vulpina ripens from august through october, but usually does not sweeten untl after a good frost - - thus it is called the sour winter grape. v. cinerea, the sweet winter grape, ripens from august through november, but prefers sandy and alluvial soils, not the limestone of llano. this leaves me to believe your grape is vitis berlandieri, also known vernacularly as the fall grape, winter grape, little mountain grape, spanish grape, and una cimarrona. this grape ripens in august and september south of the rio grande and in october and november in central texas. it is acidic until it ripes and then is sweet and quite delicious, but too small for convenient eating and not quite sweet enough to make a decent wine without a little sugar being added. it is small ( 1 / 5 to 1 / 3 inch ) with 30 to 70 per cluster. the clusters are loose and open, the pedicels ( stems ) long. the skin is thin, the pulp juicy when ripe, usually with one or two seeds of a coffee color. ripe berries retain enough acid to make a balanced wine. their small size makes crushing difficult, so pectic enzyme will help extract the juice. destemming by hand takes a while, but is necessary. destem and crush the grapes and place in nylon straining bag. tie bag closed and place in primary. squeeze bag to extract enough juice to float a hydrometer in its test jar. calculate sugar required to raise specific gravity to 1, 088. add sugar and stir well to dissolve it completely. add finely crushed campden tablet and stir in well. cover primary with sanitized mu


a ` ` shelf ' ' is a persistent, dictionary - like object. the difference with ` ` dbm ' ' databases is that the values ( not the keys! ) in a shelf can be essentially arbitrary python objects - - anything that the pickle module can handle. this includes most class instances, recursive data types, and objects containing lots of shared sub - objects. the keys are ordinary strings. to summarize the interface ( key is a string, data is an d = shelve. open ( filename ) # open, with ( g ) dbm filename - - no suffix d [ key ] = data # store data at key ( overwrites old data if # using an existing key ) data = d [ key ] # retrieve data at key ( raise keyerror if no # such key ) del d [ key ] # delete data stored at key ( raises keyerror # if no such key ) flag = d. has _ key ( key ) # true if the key exists list = d. keys ( ) # a list of all existing keys ( slow! ) d. close ( ) # close it - the choice of which database package will be used ( e. g. dbm or gdbm ) depends on which interface is available. therefore it is not safe to open the database directly using dbm. the database is also ( unfortunately ) subject to the limitations of dbm, if it is used - - this means that ( the pickled representation of ) the objects stored in the database should be fairly small, and in rare cases key collisions may cause the database to refuse updates. - dependent on the implementation, closing a persistent dictionary may or may not be necessary to flush changes to disk. - the shelve module does not support concurrent read / write access to shelved objects. ( multiple simultaneous read accesses are safe. ) when a program has a shelf open for writing, no other program should have it open for reading or writing. unix file locking can be used to solve this, but this differs across unix versions and requires knowledge about the database implementation used. see about this document... for information on suggesting changes. - module anydbm : - generic interface to - module dbhash : db database interface. - module dbm : - standard unix database interface. - module dumbdbm : - portable implementation of the - module gdbm : - gnu database interface, based on the - module pickle : - object serialization used by


learn something new every day more info... by email a predicate is part of a sentence or clause in english and is one of two primary components that serves to effectively complete the sentence. sentences consist of two main components : subjects and predicates. subjects are the primary “ thing ” in a sentence which the rest of the words then describe through either a direct description or by indicating what type of action that subject is performing. the predicate is this secondary aspect of the sentence and usually consists of a verb or adjective, though complicated sentences may have multiple verbs and a number of descriptions affecting the subject. it can be easiest to understand predicates by first understanding subjects and how sentences are constructed. a sentence just about always has a subject, though it can be implied in some way and not necessarily directly stated. in a simple sentence like “ the cat slept, ” the subject is “ the cat, ” which is a noun phrase consisting of the direct article “ the ” and the noun “ cat. ” subjects can be longer and more complicated, but they are usually fairly simple in nature. the predicate of a sentence is then basically the rest of the sentence, though this is not always the case for longer and more complicated sentences. in “ the cat slept, ” the predicate is quite simple and merely consists of the word “ slept. ” this is simple because “ slept ” is an intransitive verb, which means that it requires no further description or objects to make it complete. the sentence could be expanded as “ the cat slept on the bed, ” but this is not necessary and merely adds a descriptive component to the predicate through the prepositional phrase “ on the bed. ” in a somewhat more complicated sentence, such as “ the man gave the ball to his son, ” the subject of the sentence is still quite simple : “ the man. ” the predicate in this sentence, however, has become substantially more complicated and consists of the rest of the sentence : “ gave the ball to his son. ” this has been made more complicated because the verb “ gave ” is transitive, specifically ditransitive, which indicates both a direct object and an indirect object. the act of “ giving ” requires that there is a direct object, which is the item given, and an indirect object, which is who or what it is given to. in this instance, the predicate consists of the verb “ gave ” and the direct object “ the ball ” with a connecting preposition “ to ” and the indirect object


learn something new every day more info... by email monopoly® is a board game which is produced by parker brothers, a game company currently owned by hasbro. in the game, players use dice to move around a board, landing on property which they have the option to purchase and develop. if land is already owned, players must pay rents to the property ' s owner and developer. the game also includes “ chance ” and “ community chest ” squares associated with cards which can influence player ' s fortunes, forcing them to move to various spaces on the board, requiring them to pay taxes or other fees, or awarding them money. the history of the game of monopoly® is quite fascinating. the earliest version of the game was developed by elizabeth magie, and it was intended to be an educational illustration of the ways in which landlords abuse tenants with rents. her version of the game would be familiar to modern players of monopoly®, although there are some marked differences, of course. magie ' s game quickly spread, and was picked up by a number of people, spreading slowly through the united states until it landed in the household of a man named charles darrow. darrow clearly knew a potentially profitable thing when he saw it, and he developed the famous “ atlantic city ” version of monopoly®, with each square being associated with a location in atlantic city. he patented the game in 1935, and attempted to sell it to parker brothers. the company initially rejected monopoly® as being too hard to play and too long, later changing their minds, which turned out to be a good decision, since an estimated 750 million people played the game between 1935 and 2007. charles darrow is often credited as the inventor of monopoly®, although this is technically incorrect, and this has been a source of friction and dispute in the past. some people argue that the game was clearly a folk game before darrow got his hands on it, arguing that parker brothers essentially stole the rights to the game from its earlier developers, profiting immensely as a result. others believe that darrow ' s refinements and additions to the game were what made it so popular, and that he is entitled to the credit for monopoly®. in any case, this two to eight player game has become immensely popular around the world, with numerous regional spinoffs and updated versions designed to reflect changes in the economy. players struggle for economic supremacy over a monopoly® board in some region of the world every night, and competition can get fierce. masters of the game can even play


sorry, no definitions found. “ also, stephen j. tonsor of michigan state university and mary f. wilson of the forestry sciences laboratory in juneau, alaska, found that some flowering plants, such as pokeweeds ( phytolacca americana ) and english plantains ( plantago lanceolata ), grow faster when potted with full or half sib lings than when potted with nonrelatives. ” “ no publications found so far for tonsor and phytolacca should be 1989 ” “ other homeopathic remedies to consider include phytolacca, sanguinaria, and hydratis — all in 6th to 30th potency. ” “ poke root phytolacca americana has a well - deserved reputation as an herb that purifies the glands, including the breasts. ” “ specific herbs that clear up this problem are dandelion root tea taken together with a combination of three parts echinacea root tincture and one part poke root phytolacca americana. ” “ of the twelve most frequently reported plants in poisoning incidents, only one, pokeweed phytolacca decandra, is used medicinally. ” “ few of such plants are those which can be used as laxatives and purgatives, for example, cassia absus, c. alata, c. obtusifolia, tamarindus indica and phytolacca dodecandra. ” “ the poke - weed ( _ phytolacca _ ) ( fig. 98, _ k _ ), so conspicuous in autumn on account of its dark - purple clusters of berries and crimson stalks, is our only representative of the family _ phytolaccaceæ _. ” “ it belongs to the rare phytolacca family, and has an immense girth - - forty or fifty feet in some cases ; at the same time the wood is so soft and spongy that it can be cut into with a knife, and is utterly unfit for firewood, for when cut up it refuses to dry, but simply rots away like a ripe water - melon. ” “ it is believed by some in this country that the pokeweed ( phytolacca ), if allowed to die in a cotton field, will produce rust. ” resources of the southern fields and forests, medical, economical, and agricultural. being also a medical botany of the confederate states ; with practical information on the useful properties of the trees, plants, and shrubs ‘ phyt


- v. simple past tense and past participle of cavil. “ and if they cavil at it, as mps have cavilled and continue to cavil at the detection of their felonies, they may yet discover what the whoosh of the guillotine blade sounds like. ” “ he cavilled in part like the priest sabellius, who had cavilled like the phrygian praxeas, who was a great caviller. ” “ the christians sophisticated, cavilled, hated, and excommunicated one another, for some of these dogmas inaccessible to human intellect, before the time of arius and athanasius. ” “ i ' d personally throw the schwinn over the fence of anyone who read that story and cavilled about spelling. ” “ it may be a very difficult thing, perhaps, for a man of the best sense to write a love - letter that may not be cavilled at. ” “ however, their replication is no worse than many similar multiproxies, which have not cavilled at opining on mwp - modern relationships. ” “ others make the word refer to exceptions of impossible cases ; the priests were to perform all the duties possible to them ; if any thing lay beyond their power, the exception was not to be cavilled at. ” “ he had cavilled at the idea, but she mentioned the loan again, and he capitulated. ” “ the great man cavilled that the day was past, for the sun was set : nicodemus goes into his oratory again, covers himself and prays, and the clouds dispersing themselves, the sun breaks out again. ” “ now if we will consult the glossers upon those places, they will tell us that these alterations were made, some of them, lest the sacred text should be cavilled at ; others that the honour and peace of the nation might be secured. ” these user - created lists contain the word ‘ cavilled ’. looking for tweets for cavilled.


about 15 to 20 years ago, folks began to notice problems in amphibian communities around the world. at first, physical deformities were being noticed and then large population declines were being documented. the finger was initially pointed at the coal industry, with an idea that perhaps mercury was leading to the deformities. but this didn ’ t pan out. next, farm practices came under fire, as excess fertilizer running off into farm ponds became the leading suspect. but that theory didn ’ t hold water either. then, attention turned to the ozone hole, with the idea that increased ultraviolet radiation was killing the frogs. no luck there either. then came the eureka moment — aha, it must be global warming! this played to widespread audiences, received beaucoup media attention and, of course, found its way into al gore ’ s an inconvenient truth. but, alas, this theory, too, wilted under the harsh glare of science, as new research has now pretty definitively linked an infection of the chytrid fungus to declines, and even local extinctions, of frog and toad species around the world. perhaps the biggest irony in all of this, is that while researchers fell all over themselves to link anthropogenic environmental impacts to the frog declines, turns out that as they traipsed through the woods and rainforests to study the frogs, the researchers themselves quite possibly helped spread the chytrid fungus to locations and populations where it had previously been absent. now a bit good — although hardly unexpected — news is coming out of the frog research studies. some frog populations in various parts of the world are not only recovering, but also showing signs of increased resistance — gained through adaptation and / or evolution — to the chytrid fungus. the magazine new scientist has an interesting article titled “ fungus out! the frog resistance is here ” that ties together a growing number of research findings indicating that frog populations that once faced local extinction have been making a come back — even in the continued presence of the chytrid fungus. new scientist reports that australian researchers are reporting that a variety of frog species from across the land down under that were once devastated by chytrid infection are now re - establishing themselves in areas that they were wiped out and in some cases have even returned to numbers as large as they were prior to the chytrid outbreak. other researchers are finding, as reported in the proceedings of the national academy of sciences ( briggs et al., 2010 ), that frogs in the


in some cases have even returned to numbers as large as they were prior to the chytrid outbreak. other researchers are finding, as reported in the proceedings of the national academy of sciences ( briggs et al., 2010 ), that frogs in the mountains of california that were once “ driven virtually to extinction ” are also making a recovery even though the chytrid fungus is still present. some populations there have apparently developed the ability to survive in the presence of low - levels of the fungus. evidence of a developing resistance to the chytrid fungus has also been reported in a species of australian frogs. a study published in the journal diversity and distributions ( woodhams et al., 2010 ) looked at populations of frogs which have recovered from a chytrid infection and found indications that natural selection may have led to more resistant populations and facilitated the recovery. all this is not to say that amphibian populations across the world have made a full and complete recovery, but it is to say that there are encouraging signs that some populations are clawing their way back through adaptation and natural selection — precisely the way things are supposed to work. and even though global warming is no longer considered to be the guilty party ( of course, exonerated with much less fanfare than it was accused ), the amphibian story does show the resiliency of nature — a resiliency that is grossly underplayed or even ignored in virtually all doom and gloom presentations of the impacts of environmental change. something that is worth keeping in mind. briggs, c. j., et al., 2010. enzootic and epizootic dynamics of chytrid fungal pathogen of amphibians. proceedings of the national academy of sciences, 107, 9695 - 9700. woodhams, d. c., et al., 2010. adaptations of skin peptide defenses and possible response to the amphibian chytrid fungus in populations of australian green - eyed treefrogs, litoria genimaculata. diversity and distributions, 16, 703 - 712.


the smart grid is coming! what ’ s a smart grid? several hundred utility executives, government regulators, and engineers have gathered in downtown san diego this week for a three - day conference that is focused on what may be the utility industry ’ s biggest paradigm shift since the tennessee valley authority electrified the southeastern united states. the only problem is that it ’ s the biggest paradigm shift that people have never heard of. a harris poll recently highlighted the fact that u. s. utilities have committed billions of dollars to upgrade the electric grid by installing new “ smart meters ” in homes and businesses. but the harris poll shows about two - thirds of americans ( 68 percent ) have never heard the term “ smart grid ” and 63 percent don ’ t know what a smart meter is. so for at least some people, you got it here first : instead of merely tracking how much total electricity ( or gas, or water ) a customer uses each month, a smart meter tracks a customer ’ s usage continuously throughout the day and uses wireless technology to automatically transmit the data in real time to the utility. this automated meter reading technology makes it possible for regulators to set prices that vary at different times of day — and which encourage or discourage consumption — based on the relative cost of power production and periods of peak energy demand. as the harris poll shows, if the price of electricity changes according to how much it actually costs to produce, three out of four people want to be able to see and control how much electricity they are using. so why are smart meters a big deal? and why should technology innovators care? a few highlights from the “ metering america ” conference are in order : — in california, the big three investor - owned utilities are in the process of deploying 12 million smart meters, covering about 80 percent of the state ’ s population at an estimated cost of $ 4. 5 billion, according to commissioner nancy ryan of the california public utilities commission. ryan told the “ metering america ” conference that utility rates based on time - of - day pricing related to the cost of producing electricity must be coupled with extensive customer communications and education campaigns, or the effort to align consumers and true market costs will be wasted. — san diego gas & electric is on schedule to complete installation of 1. 4 million electric smart meters and 850, 000 gas smart meters in its service area by the end of 2011 at an estimated cost of $ 600 million, says anne shen smith, sdg & e ’ s senior vice president for customer services. while there really are benefits to


meters and 850, 000 gas smart meters in its service area by the end of 2011 at an estimated cost of $ 600 million, says anne shen smith, sdg & e ’ s senior vice president for customer services. while there really are benefits to the deployment, smith says the industry is “ lagging in developing the kind of software that goes with this technology. until then, it will just be a meter. ” — sdg & e also is deploying its smart meters before technical standards have been set. “ we just can ’ t wait for the perfect technology to happen, ” sdg & e ’ s smith told the audience. she says smart meters “ have to have flexibility, so we can incorporate new technologies as we go. ” smith says it is imperative for the industry to continue development of smart meters as “ a software - driven technology platform — so the smart meter itself can be updated remotely as we move forward over time. ” updating the smart meter ’ s hardware would be a costly proposition that utilities want to avoid. meanwhile, the california utilities commission has been working to establish smart meter standards with the national institute of standards and technology, or nist, the u. s. department of energy, and other agencies. — the deployment of smart meters at the end points of the power grid also will necessitate the deployment of extensive technologies to collect and store the data — and add intelligence to grid management. utilities will need new applications for data mining and data analytics to make use of the data being generated. new innovations are being developed and new startups are being formed to serve this emerging industry sector. — as a case study in what not to do, ryan pointed to the installation of smart meters in bakersfield, ca, under a pilot program by pacific gas & electric. outraged residents who saw their utility bills quadruple following deployment filed a class - action lawsuit against the utility, meter installer wellington energy. “ pg & e has conceded it did not do enough customer education, ” says ryan, who describes bakersfield as “ the epicenter of the revolution ” against smart meters. the state utilities commission has halted the lawsuit, pending its own investigation into the pg & e ’ s smart meter program, including the accuracy of its meters and billing system. — sdg & e, which has installed 600, 000 smart meters of all types so far, says it has no immediate plan to change from its current flat - rate to time - of - day billing — which prudently separates the smart meter from dynamic pricing that


by ben kiernan genocide and resistance in southeast asia : documentation, denial and justice in cambodia and east timor ( transaction, 2008 ) the pol pot regime ( 2008 edn. ) how pol pot came to power ( 2004 edition ) the pol pot regime ( 2002 ) conflict and change in cambodia ( 2006 ), edited with an introduction. genocide and democracy in cambodia : the khmer rouge, the united nations, and the international community ( ed., 1993 ) other books by genocide in cambodia and rwanda ( 2005 ) edited by susan e. cook cambodia ( world bibliographical series, 1997 ), by helen jarvis getting away with genocide : cambodia ' s long struggle against the khmer rouge, by h. jarvis and t. fawthrop ( 2004 ) children of cambodia ' s killing fields : mem [ oirs by survivors, compiled by dith pran, introduction by b. kiernan ( 1998 ) genocide in cambodia : documents from the trial of pol pot and ieng sary, edited by howard j. de nike, kenneth j. robinson, john quigley, helen jarvis, and nereida cross pol pot plans the future : confidential leadership documents from democratic kampuchea, 1976 - 1977, ed. d. p. chandler, b. kiernan, and c. boua. revolution and its aftermath in kampuchea : eight essays, ed. d. p. chandler and b. kiernan copyright © 2010 cambodian genocide program, yale university. all rights reserved.


this year ’ s national nursing week will take place may 7 - 13. in 1971 the international council of nurses designated may 12, florence nightingale ’ s birthday, as international nurse ’ s day. several years later, the first national nursing week was celebrated in 1985 to highlight nurse ’ s contributions to the well being of canadian public. as many of you know, nightingale is best known around the world as the “ lady with the lamp ” who nursed british soldiers during the crimean war and turned nursing into a profession. nightingale died on august 13, 1910 at the age of90. prior to the founding of modern nursing, nuns and the military usually provided nursing - like care. the religious and military roots are still evident today in many countries, for example in the united kingdom, senior female nurses are known as sisters. although the event is celebrated internationally, canada chooses to hold theirs independently on a different date. the 2012 canadian theme is nurses - the health of our nation. it reflects the positive impact nurses make to the lives and well - being of canadians. canadian nursing dates all the way back to 1639 in quebec with the augustine nuns. these nuns were dedicated to opening up a mission that cared for spiritual and physical needs of patients. this mission later went on to create the first nursing apprenticeship training in north america. at the end of the nineteenth century, hospital care and medical services had been improved and expanded due to florence nightingale who was training women in english canada. in 1874 the first formal nursing training program was started at the general and marine hospital in st. catharines in ontario. many programs popped up in hospitals across canada after this and graduates and teachers from these programs began to fight for licensing legislation and for professional organizations for nurses. more changes began to occur after world war ii, the health care system expanded and medicare was introduced. registered nurses are extremely important for smaller communities, as many only have one doctor. in canada we are lucky enough to have nurses who are legally allowed to prescribe medication. currently there are approximately 260, 000 nurses in canada but nurses are becoming scarcer and the population of baby boomers is aging which requires more nursing care. the only major event mentioned on the nursing association ’ s web site was that of national telehealth education which was held at the regina general hospital, may 9. take a few moments to honor your community ’ s nurses. say thanks, or give them a small sentimental gift in appreciation for what they do on a daily basis.


natural gas markets : how federal agencies can reduce gas utility bills april 20, 2004 public attention focuses on u. s. natural gas markets in the winter, particularly the impact of projected higher gas prices and possible gas supply shortfalls on the economy. the sharp increase in wholesale prices earlier this year and record low levels of gas in storage have prompted strong statements by federal reserve chairman, alan greenspan, warning that " we are not apt to return to earlier periods of relative abundance and low prices any time soon. " these comments are mirrored by trends in natural gas forward contracts for the next 3 to 5 years, which are currently trading at nearly twice historical prices. this trend has implications for consumers, both in terms of their natural gas and electricity bills. throughout the country, natural gas has been the fuel of choice for virtually all new power plants built over the past decade. as a result, electricity prices are increasingly sensitive to the price of natural gas. while " regulatory lag " will in many cases delay the effect of rising natural gas prices on consumers ' electricity bills, a sustained increase in natural gas prices will almost certainly lead to an eventual rise in electricity rates. because of the long lead - time needed to develop significant new natural gas supplies and infrastructure, the most promising near - term strategy for putting downward pressure on prices is to reduce natural gas demand. federal agencies can play a decisive role in responding to this situation by undertaking targeted energy conservation efforts at their facilities. such efforts can benefit the agencies directly by reducing their exposure to rising electricity and natural gas prices. agencies can consider a number of general strategies : - natural gas efficiency and conservation : the american council for an energy efficient economy ( aceee ) estimates the cost - effective potential for natural gas efficiency in the u. s. to be approximately one trillion cubic feet per year, equivalent to 4 to 5 percent of current annual consumption. among commercial and institutional customers, retrofitting hvac systems and furnaces or boilers, recommissioning, and installing window glazing represent some of the more promising opportunities for reducing natural gas use on site. facility managers may want to re - examine the economics of projects involving these measures, based on current and projected higher natural gas prices. - electric efficiency and conservation : throughout most of the u. s., natural gas power plants operate on the margin at least half of the time — and in a number of regions ( the west, southwest, texas, florida, and new england ), they operate on the margin 80 to 90 percent of the time. electricity users


gas power plants operate on the margin at least half of the time — and in a number of regions ( the west, southwest, texas, florida, and new england ), they operate on the margin 80 to 90 percent of the time. electricity users can therefore indirectly decrease natural gas consumption — and thus help to put downward pressure on prices — by reducing their electricity use, particularly during daytime hours when natural gas is most likely to be the marginal fuel source for electricity generation. in fact, in many cases, electric efficiency efforts provide the " biggest bang for the buck. " federal agencies can build on their reputation as leaders in promoting the efficient use of electricity by engaging in measures such as retrofitting lighting and hvac systems, installing or recommissioning energy management systems, and establishing energy - smart operational practices. - demand response and load management : in a number of regions, electricity users have the opportunity to receive payment for reducing their electricity use during specific periods by participating in demand response programs offered by the regional grid operator or their electricity provider. two types of programs are typically offered : " emergency " programs that pay customers to reduce their load during periods when the reliability of the grid is potentially jeopardized, and " economic " programs that give customers the opportunity to offer load curtailments in exchange for market - based payments. the importance of such programs is heightened by the recent run - up in natural gas prices, which is likely to put upward pressure on peak period electricity prices in many parts of the country. by participating in demand response programs, federal customers can help to dampen this effect. agencies can leverage their efficiency and demand response efforts with financial and / or technical resources funded through public benefits funds or demand side management programs. these programs have historically been administered by the local utility, although in a number of states ( new york, vermont, oregon, wisconsin ) the programs are administered by a statewide agency or non - governmental organization. current ratepayer funding for electric energy efficiency tops $ 1 billion annually — providing for a range of resources to federal agencies, from rebates for energy - efficient equipment and retrofits, to facility audits and project evaluation. funding for natural gas efficiency is also available in many gas utility service territories. information on those programs most relevant to federal customers is available on the femp web site. for more information, please contact charles goldman of lbnl at 510 - 486 - 4637.


a research internship can allow students to learn while working in the lab with their professor or it can offer them the chance to learn while building a new lab with their professor. such was the case last summer when david negro ' 06 and soo hooi oh ' 06 helped boon siew ooi, associate professor of electrical and computer engineering, set up a new optoelectronics and photonics lab in lehigh ' s center for optical technologies. the students ' mission was to assemble the lab ' s several optical waveguide and semiconductor laser characterization stations, and interface them with a central computer so all the new equipment could be controlled from the same keyboard and mouse. " neither of us knew a whole lot about photonics before last summer, " says negro, an electrical engineering major, " so the learning experience was huge. " we not only had to learn how to use new tools, we also had to manipulate the tools for unconventional purposes. " " we had to build the lab, learn the equipment, see how the different instruments work together and learn to be creative, " says oh, a triple major in electrical engineering, integrated business and engineering ( ibe ) and music composition. one purpose of the new lab, says ooi, is to develop emitters and other light sources for use in medical technology, the semiconductor industry and other applications. ooi has a grant from carl zeiss meditec inc., a german - based international maker of eye ophthalmology systems, to develop a semiconductor light source that would increase the sensitivity and resolution of the system. " we have developed a broadband light source for this application, " says ooi, " but we need to increase the bandwidth and the strength of its signal. " negro and oh were chosen for their internship after successfully completing fundamentals of semiconductor devices, a sophomore - level electrical engineering course that ooi taught last spring. their internships were funded by the cot. the students assembled the lab ' s state - of - the - art equipment the old - fashioned way, says negro. " we read the manuals, we got stuck and then we called the company hotline. " the students spent much of the summer measuring the performance of the new equipment, characterizing the properties of photonic devices and semiconductor chips, and generating and guiding laser signals. they also helped determine the properties of quantum dot materials. quantum dots, which emit the light that creates lasers, are nanometer - size semiconductor structures in which the presence or absence of a quantum electron can be used to


generating and guiding laser signals. they also helped determine the properties of quantum dot materials. quantum dots, which emit the light that creates lasers, are nanometer - size semiconductor structures in which the presence or absence of a quantum electron can be used to store information. " we tried to modify the bandgap and lasing wavelength in order to control the optical properties of the quantum - dot structures, " says soo, who hopes to continue her work in the area by setting up the photoluminescent system that can characterize this nano - material structure. using labview software, negro and oh integrated the new equipment to a central computer, then merged data from two or more machines so that the experimental results could be plotted in one graph on the computer screen. " without the computer, it would have taken an entire day to generate a graph, " says negro. " with the computer, we generated the same graph in two seconds. " in addition to gaining valuable experience in the lab, the students realized other benefits from their summer internship. " this opened a wide variety of options for me, " says negro, who hopes to take advantage of the university ' s presidential scholarship program, which offers a tuition - free fifth year of study to students with a 3. 75 undergraduate gpa. " working in a lab requires a lot of patience and dedication, " says oh. " it has enabled me to see what it would be like to be a graduate student. it has also shown me what i ' m lacking, and that will help me know what electives to choose the next two years. " posted on wednesday, december 01, 2004


at this point, wendell phillips, of boston, entered the hall, which fact the president ( mr. garrison ) announced, remarking that " his appearance was as cheering as the unveiled face of the sun after a long storm. " ( loud applause. ) | joseph barker said that he perfectly agreed with mr. quincy, that slavery is the lowest condition of humanity, and that slaveholding is the greatest crime in the catalogue of sins ; but what he had contended for was this that in substance and in tendency the two systems were one, and that their effects were much more alike, than one who had not felt the weight of the european system would be disposed to believe ; and that, indeed, under certain circumstances, the effect of the aristocratic system in great britain and ireland was more deplorable, in some respects, than the effect of the slaveholding system in this country. in illustration of this position, mr. barker cited the starvation which had been produced, not only in ireland, but also in england, to a fearful extent, by the efforts of the landlords to maintain a monopoly of the grain market, and thus secure a higher price for their lands form the tenant farmers. by this system, within two years, the population of ireland had been reduced, through absolute starvation, one and a half to two millions. in no case had the slaveholding system produced such a deplorable and frightful result. he ( mr. b. ) acknowledged the force of mr. quincy ' s remark, that the people of great britain could run away, that they were at liberty, if they chose, to leave that country, and come to this. it was also true, that there was no law expressly passed to prevent the people from learning to read ; but, by a tax of eight cents on every newspaper, so that one could not be bought for less than thirteen or fifteen cents, by levying a tax of thirty - six cents on every advertisement, though it were but a line, and by a burdensome tax on paper, the number of books and newspapers was kept down, and the ability to obtain them limited to the higher and middle classes of the people. let his audience imagine books kept at a high price, the people prevented from having more than one half the needful amount of employment, and then obliged to pay two thirds of all their earnings in taxes, ( the aristocracy did not pay one fiftieth part of the their income in taxes, ) and they would have as cunningly a


half the needful amount of employment, and then obliged to pay two thirds of all their earnings in taxes, ( the aristocracy did not pay one fiftieth part of the their income in taxes, ) and they would have as cunningly a devised scheme as the world had ever beheld, for extracting the very last drop of life - blood and energy from the working classes, and leaving them as low, as abject, as poor, as hopeless, as they could well be. it was true, mr. barker said, that the people had the right to run away ; but, in many cases, they had not the requisite means to avail themselves of this mode of escape from the tyranny that oppressed them. there were millions in great britain and ireland, at this time, who could not run away ; and many of them waited until their friends in this country sent them the means to pay their passage here. millions were sent over from the united states to great britain every year for this purpose. he was aware, as mr. quincy had said, that the conduct of the irish and english aristocracy is sometimes thrown in the way of the abolitionist, as an objection to the anti - slavery movement ; and when he presented his views on this subject, he know what abuse might be made of them by pro - slavery parties in this country. he knew it was possible that some pro - slavery man might, by mistake, say to him, " that ' s ' right, barker! you do right to denounce the aristocracy across the ocean. " it was possible that such a man might do this once - not twice! ( laughter and cheers. ) but, on the other hand, if they refused to allow that the english and irish aristocracy are the company of unbearable creatures they really arehow did that operate on the irish emigrants? they would say " if these men don ' t know any more about slavery than they know about england and ireland, we shan ' t believe them when they tell us of the condition of the slaves. we have suffered from the aristocracy and land monopolists in england ; we know how they operate ; we know it is not possible for the slaves physically to be in a worse condition than he laws of the aristocracy and land monopolists of great britain and ireland have brought upon the laboring population of those countries ; and if they will not concede the truth when speaking on this subject, we are not prepared to acknowledge what they have to say on the question of slavery. "


##ts of great britain and ireland have brought upon the laboring population of those countries ; and if they will not concede the truth when speaking on this subject, we are not prepared to acknowledge what they have to say on the question of slavery. " mr. barker concludedmy own impression is, that the course i have taken in venturing to express my feelings and judgment on this subject, will do far more good, by its influence upon english emigrants, than it could possible do harm by appearing, for a time, to strengthen a certain objection employed by slaveholders and their sycophantic adherents. ( applause. ) but, whatever be the effect of this course of procedure, for a time, one thing is certain, i can only vindicate liberal principles in my own way, and use such illustrations as my reading and experience supply ; and i will trust the effect of a free, honest, benevolent utterance of my own thoughts, and my own feelings, further than i can see. and when we do utter our feelings and sympathies, and convictions of truth, and our wishes for improvement, and when we do contribute our labors for the good of mankind, i am thoroughly persuaded, as i am that i exist, that the effect must be good, though some individuals may seek to make a bad use of it. however, we are all agreed, that while we live in america, it is with american institutions and american abuses that we have especially to deal. our work is to create and extend the sentiment in favor of impartial freedom, and against that most accursed of all institutions, american slavery. i say, here we are agreed, and here we speak our minds, and contribute our efforts to this one great object, to wipe away the stain from the american character, to abolish that institution which rests like an incubus upon american enterprise and improvement ; and, surely, we can bear to hold differences of opinion in minor matters, so long as we are perfectly agreed in hating american slavery, in opposition to the american slaveholder, and in our efforts elevate every human being to a position of equality of rights and a fair chance of doing well for himself, both in body and soul, in his own person and in his posterity, through the length and breadth of this great county, and through he countless ages which are to witness its growing destiny. ( loud cheers. )


the hoiho – new zealand ’ s yellow - eyed penguin written by adele vernon, photographs by dean schneider catalogue number 200101 suitable for children and adults alike. a very informative softcover book. this engrossing account of the hoiho ’ s secretive lifestyle and unusual characteristics is amply illustrated with striking colour photographs. 44 pages with detailed index. 5 little hoiho by jake lewis catalogue number 200211 new release february 2002 jake lewis wrote this book when he was 10 years old as part of a home school project which grew out of his interest in conservation and the plight of the hoiho ( the yellow - eyed penguin ). the story is aimed at the younger child, beautifully illustrated by jake with 16 pages of colourful illustrations. fact flashes of important information about the yellow - eyed penguin are useful for older children. jake has kindly donated all proceeds from the sale of this book to the yellow - eyed penguin trust to help save this unique bird. it ’ s a gem! mustelid trapping field guide by david blair catalogue number 200212 rrp $ 7. 50 ( discounts for bulk orders. for details please contact the trust office ). 2nd edition ( 2005 ) available. to order, please send your payment to the trust office the yellow - eyed penguin trust hosted a practical workshop on mustelid control techniques in august 2000. at the request of attendees, a follow - on field guide was published by the trust in 2002 and revised in 2005. this a5 - sized booklet outlines the biology of the mustelids ( stoats, ferrets and weasels ), including reproduction, diet and range, and signals the implications of predator guild relationships. placement of traps ( when, where, how many ), technical aspects of trapping and types of traps are all discussed. included are sample data recording sheets, and explanations to the importance of accuracy of records, including recognising nil returns. the legal obligations under the animal welfare act are also included in this booklet. aimed at both amateur and experienced trappers, the trust hopes it may assist in the practical eradication of one of the threats to the rare yellow - eyed penguin and other endemic species. penguin partnership – a guide for landowners catalogue number 200105 this is a great guide for those landowners who may have penguins on their land, and want to know the best way to ensure that the penguins will be safe from stock and predators. saving the yellow eye by john darby catalogue number 200102 suitable for younger readers. excellent bright colourful photos


landowners who may have penguins on their land, and want to know the best way to ensure that the penguins will be safe from stock and predators. saving the yellow eye by john darby catalogue number 200102 suitable for younger readers. excellent bright colourful photos and graphics with interesting statistics brings together this informative softcover book. nature kids – the penguin by barbara todd catalogue number 200104 this book includes facts about where penguins live, what they eat, the differences between them and how they look after their babies. 24 pages. new zealand wild the penguin by barbara todd catalogue number 200105 this book is aimed at 8 - 14 year - olds. the author looks at penguins, both past and present, what they look like, how they live together and parenthood. this information is followed by extensive text about penguins that live in new zealand, followed by shorter entries about other penguin species around the world. excellent for home or school use. 32 pages with colour photographs throughout. step by step snacks, light meals & treats by alison holst catalogue number 200108 ( currently out of stock ) a cooking book for beginners of all ages. alison ’ s reliable, trustworthy and delicious recipes for tasty and interesting family food. this book, supported by mainland products, our sponsor, includes a penguin icon on each page. all recipes were test - cooked by a 12 year old. coasting – the sea lion and the lark by neville peat catalogue number 200110 neville peat, one of our finest observers of the natural world, takes us on a journey from otago to the subantarctic and follows the life and migration of a sea lion. with the taut and accurate prose of a scientist, and the lyrical sense of an artist, peat ’ s compelling style lures us into gaining an immense amount of information. in a work that is deeply intimate and wonderfully expansive, peat takes us well beyond the physical. he delves into the emotional origins of myth, and reveals an impassioned respect and understanding of the close relationship between humans and animals. while exploring changing coastal habitat – blending ancient beliefs, local history, legend and the natural sciences – peat encounters a number of remarkable individuals along the way ; sea dogs, old salts, and a mysterious drifter who follows the winds and tides. here we gain the naturalist ’ s sense of wonder, and the philosopher ’ s contemplation of the mysterious presence we call nature. from field to forest : a guide to revegetating southern coastlines catalogue number 201111. rr


twelve step programs are well known for their use in treating addictive and dysfunctional behaviors. the first 12 step program began with alcoholics anonymous ( a. a. ) in the 1930s and has since grown to be the most widely used approach in dealing not only with recovery from alcoholism, but also from drug abuse and various other addictive and dysfunctional behaviors. the first book written to cover the 12 step program was titled " alcoholics anonymous ", affectionately known as the big book by program members. following the subsequent extensive growth of twelve step programs for other addictive and dysfunctional behaviors, many additional books were written and recordings and videos were produced. these cover the steps in greater detail and how people have specifically applied the steps in their lives. an extensive chronology and background about the history of a. a. has been put together at dick b. ' s website. the twelve steps of the program are listed above and on the steps page in generic form. other groups who have adopted the 12 steps to address their own particular addictive or dysfunctional behavior have similar ideas, usually with only minor variations. these steps are meant to be worked sequentially as a process of getting rid of addictive behaviors and should result in a growth in freedom and happiness, as outlined in the promises. the general governing approach for a. a. groups was originally laid out in the twelve traditions, and they remain the guiding principles for most 12 step groups today. there is a wealth of further information about 12 step programs in wikipedia, including a list of 12 step groups, and also from the numerous links in our directory of recovery related websites.


high blood pressure, stress, and diabetes are all familiar warning signs that someone ' s at risk for cardiovascular disease. but there are other red flags that most of us are not aware of, such as hair loss, or problems in the bedroom. by paying attention to risk factors, and using them as cues to make healthy changes in your life, there ' s a lot that can be done to prevent cardiovascular damage early on, says dr. rene alvarez, associate professor of medicine at the university of pittsburgh medical center cardiovascular institute. here are six unusual signs of heart disease - - and what you can do to protect yourself. 1. sexual dysfunction heart disease may be the last thing on your mind when you ' re cuddling close to your significant other, but trouble performing may be a concern for heart health as well as sexual health. dr. alvarez says that although sexual dysfunction in men and women is different, the issue linking it to heart disease is the same : when blood vessels don ' t work well, sexual problems can occur. " if you have dysfunction in one circulatory area you have it in others, " he says. do this. treat both issues. with good medical therapy and healthy lifestyle changes, both sexual dysfunction and heart disease can be avoided. dr. alvarez recommends regular exercise, and talking with your physician about daily aspirin use and your vascular health, to resolve both problems. 2. male pattern baldness loss of hair is more than an issue of appearance - - it may mean loss of circulation, according to a correlation between top rear head balding and cardiovascular disease described in a recent t issue of archives of internal medicine. dr. alvarez says lack of circulation to the hair follicles may be related to heart circulation, although other factors may play a role in the connection. " some patients who have male pattern baldness may smoke, have hypertension, or a genetic predisposition relating to heart disease, " he notes. do this. watch and be aware. knowing your family history - - both of baldness and heart disease — can help you asses your own risk. if either runs in the family, it ' s extra reason to take steps to prevent hypertension and high cholesterol levels, and to avoid or quit smoking. 3. snoring and sleep apnea sawing logs may cause your heart to struggle. a study from emory university in atlanta found that the obstructed airways in people who have sleep apnea or snore were linked to higher risk of cardiovascular disease.


a british ambassador to venice in the 17th century observed that “ a diplomat is an honest man sent abroad to lie for his country. ” but for centuries, diplomats did more than lie. they bribed, they stole, they intercepted dispatches. perhaps this will come as some consolation to the many american diplomats whose faces have been reddened by the trove of diplomatic cables released this week by wikileaks : whatever they ’ ve done cannot compare in underhandedness with what ambassadors did in the past. in 16th - century london, for instance, a french ambassador paid another diplomat ’ s secretary 60 crowns a month to read the dispatches to which the secretary had access. by the 1700s, a large part of the british foreign office ’ s annual expenses of £67, 000 was allocated for bribery. but as a scene of diplomatic misbehavior, london could hardly measure up to vienna. prince wenzel anton von kaunitz, an 18th - century austrian foreign minister, took no monetary bribes, but he accepted expensive presents like horses, paintings and fine wines from people who wanted to influence him. viennese prostitutes also enjoyed unusual access to the diplomatic corps ; one such woman, during the congress of vienna in 1815, received a salary from an adjutant of czar alexander i, and provided him with information she learned during her visits with other envoys. these practices had begun in the middle ages, when negotiators of treaties would gather information about the host nation. they continued in the renaissance with the advent of permanent embassies. and the belief that the ambassador was a legalized spy never left the hosts ’ minds. accordingly, governments intercepted the correspondence of diplomats accredited to them. specialists in curtained, candle - lighted “ black chambers ” slid hot wires under wax seals to open letters. those in foreign languages were translated ; those in code, decrypted. their contents were then passed along to kings and ministers. the black chamber of vienna was the most efficient. it received the bags of mail going to and from the embassies at 7 a. m. ; letters were opened, copied and returned to the post office by 9 : 30. when the british ambassador complained that he had gotten british letters sealed not with his seal but with that of another country — clear evidence that they had been opened — kaunitz calmly replied, “ how clumsy these people are. ” when the french ambassador to russia, the marquis de la chetardie, in 1744 protested an order for him to leave


of another country — clear evidence that they had been opened — kaunitz calmly replied, “ how clumsy these people are. ” when the french ambassador to russia, the marquis de la chetardie, in 1744 protested an order for him to leave, an official began reading him his intercepted letters, showing his meddling in russian affairs. “ that ’ s enough! ” the marquis said — and began packing. the mores of diplomacy began to change in the 19th century, pushed first by the spread of democracy and republican government. public opinion came to regard it as wrong and unbecoming to a democracy to do anything illegal — in particular when representing itself abroad. other factors in that change, according to the british diplomat and writer harold nicolson, lay in the emerging sense of the community of nations and of the importance of public opinion. as lord palmerston, the mid - 19th - century british prime minister, maintained, opinions are stronger than armies. this shift was exemplified by a growing belief that mail shouldn ’ t be tampered with. in britain in the 1840s, there was a huge public outcry over the post office ’ s opening of the mail of the italian revolutionary giuseppe mazzini ; at the time, the english historian and politician thomas babington macaulay declared that it was as wrong to take his letter from the mail as to take it from his desk. and when the vienna convention on diplomatic relations was passed in 1961, among its prescriptions was that “ the official correspondence of the mission shall be inviolable. ” ambassadors now regard themselves as ladies and gentlemen. they do not lie. they do not steal. but in some ways, diplomacy has not advanced beyond the old ways. and diplomatic cables can always be intercepted or revealed — as wikileaks has demonstrated.


| module 3 : interpreting data | 2. using data to support an argument to test a theory or answer a question a study is designed, sampling is conducted and the data is collected. the process of descriptive statistics then involves presenting the data in tables and graphs. the data may seem to indicate a clear conclusion about the population which has been sampled. but how strongly do the data support that conclusion? is there strong evidence for the link between data and conclusion? how can you be sure that the effect observed is due to the experimental treatment and is not just an accidental result? deciding on the strength of the link between data - and making conclusions about the population - involves interpretation. the basis of how to make interpretation lies in another statistical process called inferential statistics. inferential statistics involves the use of statistical methods and models to make measurable claims about populations ( and population parameters ) on the basis of samples ( and sample statistics ). usually researchers do not know the value of population parameters - they have to estimate them. but they do have measurements made on a sample - these are sample statistics. researchers also realise that if they used a different sample from the same population to produce more data, the new sample statistics would be different to the first ones. inference uses probability to account for this sample variability. however, to make inferences you need to have designed a reliable, unbiased study so that the data that are produced are accurate and valid. therefore, in order to make useful interpretations about data, or to assess the appropriateness of other interpretations, you need to first ask about how the data were produced and presented. this page last updated 31 august 2009


description - surrounded by the rugged foothills of the appalachian plateau, tar hollow state park and surrounding state forest are characteristic of the wilderness that blanketed ohio in the days of early settlers. it is a stronghold for many exciting species of wildlife. numerous reptiles and amphibians, colorful game birds, songbirds and secretive mammals can be found here. copyright : ohio department of natural resources tar hollow state park in the 1930s, the tar hollow region was purchased for conservation purposes under a new deal program, the ross - hocking land utilization project. people were given a new financial start in life and were encouraged to move to the cities. most, however, bought more poor ground outside the park and continued to live as they always had. during the depression years, the wpa and nya programs built recreation facilities including the 15 - acre pine lake and group camp. in 1939, the ohio division of forestry accepted operational control of the land that was then known as tar hollow forest - park. when the ohio department of natural resources was created in 1949, the division of parks and recreation accepted land of several state agencies including the old division of forestry. tar hollow state park was developed from the earlier forest. the park, today, is bordered by tar hollow state forest - - ohio ' s third largest state forest. - tar hollow state park offers a campground set amid a wooded hollow near pine lake. there are 28 electric sites and 60 non - electric. both sunny and shaded site are available. the campground is equipped with showers, pit latrines, dump station, and pet sites. a group camp is also available to organized groups. additionally, five shelters permit camping. ross hollow hiking trail, located near the camp, provides foot access to the hills of tar hollow. the 21 - mile logan boy scout trail ( red blazes ) traverses the park and forest. a section of ohio ' s buckeye trail ( blue blazes ) also passes through the area. bridle trails and a horse camp are located on the forest land. a backpack camp is located at the fire tower. picnicking is a popular pastime at tar hollow. the picnic areas offer excellent scenery and a peaceful setting. six shelters can be reserved through the park office, while the others are available on a first - come, first - served basis. pine lake is a small body of water affording electric motors only. the 15 acres of water surface are perfect for canoeing. anglers are limited to only two species of fish, bluegill and pan fish. a small launch ramp


served basis. pine lake is a small body of water affording electric motors only. the 15 acres of water surface are perfect for canoeing. anglers are limited to only two species of fish, bluegill and pan fish. a small launch ramp is located near the 500 - foot swimming beach. excellent hunting opportunities exist for squirrel, deer, grouse and turkey in the adjacent state forest. a valid ohio hunting and fishing license is required. recreation - recreations abound at tar hollow state park including activities such as fishing, hiking, horseback riding, mountain biking, backpacking, miniature golf, picnicking, group and family camping, lake swimming, nature study, and limited boating. climate - this state has four distinct seasons and a brilliant fall foliage display in it southern woods during mid october. winter lasts from december through february with average temperatures near 25 degrees f. low temperatures dip to single digits, but do not often drop below zero. northern regions of the state receive average snowfall amounts of 55 inches, while the central and southern regions of the state receive lesser amounts with averages near 30 inches. this difference is caused by lake - affect moisture patterns. spring temperatures begin to warm the landscapes of ohio by mid march and are in full swing by april. temperatures range from 40 through 70 degrees f through the spring months. this season often brings the most rainfall, before the drying heat of summer. summer can be extremely hot and humid in the interior of ohio. temperatures reach above 90 degrees f frequently through july and august. cooler fall temperatures don ' t reach the region until mid to late september. this is a pleasant time to visit as the air is crisp with low humidity levels. ohio ' s annual precipitation usually reaches slightly above 50 inches. the park is located in southeastern ohio several miles east of chillicothe off state route 327.


( the very short version ) in september 1891, pasadena philanthropist amos throop rented the wooster block building in pasadena for the purpose of establishing throop university, the forerunner of caltech. in november of that year, throop university opened its doors to 31 students and a six - member faculty. throop might have remained just a good local school had it not been for the arrival in pasadena of astronomer george ellery hale. the first director of the mount wilson observatory, hale became a member of throop ’ s board of trustees in 1907, and envisioned molding it into a first - class institution for engineering and scientific research and education. under his leadership throop ’ s transformation began. by 1921, hale had been joined by chemist arthur a. noyes and physicist robert a. millikan. these three men set the school, which by then had been renamed the california institute of technology, firmly on its new course. for the next 85 years, millikan and his successors — lee dubridge, harold brown, marvin goldberger, thomas everhart, and david baltimore — led the institute as it achieved preeminence in the scientific community. during this time programs were added in geology, biology, aeronautics, astronomy, astrophysics, the social sciences, computer science, and computation and neural systems. now serving as president is jean - lou chameau, who took office in september 2006. dr. chameau came to caltech from georgia tech, where he was provost and vice president for academic affairs, hightower professor, and a georgia research alliance eminent scholar. he previously served as dean of georgia tech ' s college of engineering, the largest in the nation. dr. chameau places strong emphasis on improving the educational experience of students, increasing diversity, and fostering research, entrepreneurial, and international opportunities for faculty and students. his research interests include sustainable technology ; environmental geotechnology ; soil dynamics ; earthquake engineering ; liquefaction of soils ; and soil - structure interaction problems. you may have run into the work of past caltech scientists without even knowing it. if your mom ever told you to take vitamin c to fend off a cold, you can thank linus pauling, the caltech chemist who discovered the nature of the chemical bond in 1930 ( his ideas about vitamins came later ). his chemical - bond research won him the 1954 nobel prize for chemistry. ( pauling also won the nobel peace prize in 1962. ) after an earthquake, news anchors


nature of the chemical bond in 1930 ( his ideas about vitamins came later ). his chemical - bond research won him the 1954 nobel prize for chemistry. ( pauling also won the nobel peace prize in 1962. ) after an earthquake, news anchors can tell us how relatively shaken up we were, courtesy of the formula that geophysicist charles richter devised in the 1920s for measuring the size of southern california earthquakes. ( later, richter and fellow caltech geophysicist beno gutenberg would apply the formula to earthquakes throughout the world. ) and if anyone ' s ever told you to stop acting so " left brain, " it ' s because of the pioneering brain - hemisphere research done by caltech psychobiologist roger sperry ( another nobelist ). other luminaries in our past include carl anderson ( discoverer of the positron ) ; clair patterson ( whose work on lead pollution spurred the federal government to impose pollution controls on the auto industry ) ; henry borsook ( who formulated the recommended daily requirements for human nutrition ) ; theodore von karman ( father of modern aviation, jet flight, and, indirectly, jpl ) ; and richard feynman ( the theoretical physicist / renaissance man whose name was for years practically synonymous with caltech ' s ). you can read about these and other scientists in more detail in scientific milestones.


science fair project encyclopedia religious conversion is the adoption of new religious beliefs that differ from the convert ' s previous beliefs ; in some cultures ( e. g. judaism ) conversion also signifies joining an ethnic group as well as adopting that group ' s religious beliefs. conversion requires internalization of the new belief system. a person who has undergone conversion is called a convert or proselyte. a proselyte ( from the latin word proselytus which in turn comes from the greek word, proselytos meaning " someone who has found his / her place " ) is in general a title given to a person who has fully embraced a certain religion, world view, ideology, metaphysics, ontology et cetera. in the traditional sense like in proselytism this word signified people who have converted to judaism, but is nowadays used in a wider meaning. conversion to judaism see also the main article ger tzedek jewish law has strict guidelines for accepting new converts to judaism ( a process called " giur " ). according to jewish law, which is still followed as normative by orthodox judaism and most of conservative judaism, potential converts must want to convert to judaism for its own sake, and for no ulterior motives. a male convert needs to undergo a ritual circumcision, and there has to be a commitment to observe the 613 commandments and jewish law. a convert must accept jewish principles of faith, and reject the previous theology that he or she had prior to the conversion. ritual immersion in a small pool of water known as a mikvah is required, and the convert takes a new jewish name and is considered to be a son or daughter ( in spirit ) of the biblical patriarch abraham, and a male is called up in that way to the torah. the reform judaism and conservative judaism movements are lenient in their acceptance of converts. many of their members are married to non - jews, and these movements make an effort to welcome the spouses of jews who seek to convert. this issue is a lightning rod in modern day israel as many immigrants from the former soviet union are technically not jewish. conversion to judaism in history - see the main article : list of converts to judaism the most famous jewish king, king david, was descended from the convert ruth ( who, according to the talmud and midrash, was a moabite princess ). no formal conversion procedure is given in the text ; modern critical historians generally hold giur, in its modern sense, to be an innovation of a later period.


, according to the talmud and midrash, was a moabite princess ). no formal conversion procedure is given in the text ; modern critical historians generally hold giur, in its modern sense, to be an innovation of a later period. joseph, the father of the most famous sage of the talmud, rabbi akiva, was a convert. christians were forbidden to convert to judaism on pain of death during most of the middle ages. in the 1700s a famous convert by the name of count valentin potoski in poland was burned at the stake. he was a contemporary and a disciple of rabbi elijah, known as the vilna gaon. in hellenistic and roman times, some pharisees were eager proselytizers, and had at least some success throughout the empire. some jews are also descended from converts to judaism outside the mediterranean world. it is known that some khazars, edomites, and ethiopians, as well as many arabs, particularly in yemen before, converted to judaism in the past ; today in the united states, israel and europe some people still convert to judaism. in fact, there is a greater tradition of conversion to judaism than many people realize. the word " proselyte " originally meant a greek who had converted to judaism. as late as the 6th century the eastern roman empire ( i. e., the byzantine empire ) was issuing decrees against conversion to judaism, implying that conversion to judaism was still occurring. relationship with converts the hebrew bible states that converts deserve special attention ( deuteronomy 10 : 19 ). the hebrew word for " convert ", ger, is the same as that for a stranger. it is also related to the root gar - " to dwell '. hence since the children of israel were " strangers " - geirim in egypt, they are therefore instructed to be welcoming to those who seek to convert and dwell amongst them. since around 300 ce, judaism has stopped encouraging people to join its faith. in fact, in orthodox and conservative judaism, converts are often discouraged from becoming jews and warned that being a jew entails special obligations, as well as, at least in certain places, the risk of anti - semitism. a rabbinic tradition holds that a prospective convert should be refused three times. differences between jewish and christian views judaism does not characterize itself as a religion ( although one can speak of the jewish religion and religious jews ). the subject of the tanach ( hebrew bible ) is the history of the children of israel (


times. differences between jewish and christian views judaism does not characterize itself as a religion ( although one can speak of the jewish religion and religious jews ). the subject of the tanach ( hebrew bible ) is the history of the children of israel ( also called hebrews ), especially in terms of their relationship with god. thus, judaism has also been characterized as a culture or as a civilization. rabbi mordecai kaplan defines judaism as an evolving religious civilization. one crucial sign of this is that one need not believe, or even do, anything to be jewish ; the rabbinic definition of ' jewishness ' requires only that one be born of a jewish mother, or that one convert to judaism in accord with jewish law. ( today, reform and reconstructionist jews also include those born of jewish fathers and gentile mothers if they are raised as jews. ) to jews, jewish peoplehood is closely tied to their relationship with god, and thus has a strong theological component. this relationship is encapsulated in the notion that jews are a chosen people. although some have taken this as a sign of arrogance or exclusivity, there are jewish scholars and theologians who have emphasized that a special relationship between jews and god does not in any way preclude other nations having their own relationship with god. for jews, being " chosen " fundamentally means that jews have chosen to obey a certain set of laws ( see torah and halakha ) as an expression of their covenant with god. jews hold that other nations and peoples are not required or expected to obey these laws, and face no penalty for not obeying them. thus, as a national religion, judaism has no problem with the notion that others have their own paths to god ( or " salvation " ), though it still makes claim as to the truth or falsehood of other beliefs, and as to whether gentiles are allowed to hold them. thus, for example, maimonides believed that the truth claims of islam were largely false, but he also believed that gentiles were not sinning by following islam ; on the other hand, he regarded idolatry not just as false, but also as a serious sin, for jew or non - jew. in this respect, rabbinical sources have usually classed christianity with islam, rather than with idolatry, though the use of icons in many denominations has raised questions as to whether they are, in fact, idolatrous. christianity is characterized by its claim to universality, which marks a break with jewish identity