the distance between them. newton ’ s law of gravity had a huge advantage over kepler ’ s ellipses : it applies to any system of bodies, however many there might be. the price to be paid is the way the law prescribes the orbits – not as geometric shapes, but as solutions of a mathematical equation. the problem is to solve it. newton achieved that for two bodies – a planet plus the sun – and the answer is what kepler had already discovered : the bodies move around their common centre of gravity in elliptical orbits. but some questions involve more than two bodies. if you want to predict the motion of the moon with high precision, you have to include both the sun and the earth in your equations. so, fresh from newton ’ s success with the motion of two bodies under gravity, mathematicians and physicists moved on to three bodies. their initial optimism rapidly dissipated ; the three - body problem turned out to be very different from the two - body problem. in fact, it defied solution. only in the late 19th century did its true complexity become apparent, however, when henri poincare tried to win a scientific prize. the 60th birthday of oscar ii, king of norway and sweden, happened in 1889. the norwegian mathematician gosta mittag - leffler persuaded the king to mark the occasion by announcing a prize for calculating the motion of any number of bodies under gravity and finding out whether the solar system is stable. poincare decided to start with the simplest case : two bodies ( say the sun and a planet ) moving in perfect circles, with the third body being a dust particle of negligible mass. even that version proved too ambitious and he failed to solve it, but he made so much progress that he was awarded the prize anyway. in particular, poincare proved that sometimes the orbit of the dust particle became extraordinarily messy. he deduced this from some highly original ideas that made it possible to infer features of the solutions without actually solving the equations, saying : “ one is struck by the complexity of this figure that i am not even attempting to draw. ” we now recognise poincare ’ s discovery as a sign that the dynamics of such a system are chaotic. the equations are not random, but their solutions can be very irregular, sharing features with properly random processes. this idea is colloquially known as chaos theory, and it all goes back to poincare and his oscar award. well, that ’ s the story that historians of mathematics used to tell. around 1990


very irregular, sharing features with properly random processes. this idea is colloquially known as chaos theory, and it all goes back to poincare and his oscar award. well, that ’ s the story that historians of mathematics used to tell. around 1990, however, june barrow - green found a copy of poincare ’ s prize - winning memoir in the depths of the mittag - leffler institute in sweden. she realised that when he submitted his work he had overlooked the chaotic solutions. he spotted the error before the memoir was published, and paid to have the original version destroyed and a corrected version printed. his initial oversight lay undiscovered for a century. building on poincare ’ s discovery, we now know that the three - body problem does not have simple solutions. even so, vast progress has been made on the many - body problem in special cases ; for example, when all of the bodies have the same mass. this is seldom a realistic assumption in celestial mechanics, but it is sensible for some models of elementary particles, such as electrons. in 1993, cristopher moore at the sante fe institute found a solution to the three - body problem in which the bodies play follow - my - leader along the same orbit. even more surprising is the shape of the orbit – a figure of eight. stranger than imagination in 2000, the spanish mathematician carles simo used a computer to show that this configuration is stable : it persists after small disturbances. indeed, it remains stable even when the three masses are slightly different, so, somewhere in the universe, there might be three stars of almost identical mass, chasing each other along a figure - of - eight path. the same year, douglas heggie of edinburgh university estimated that the number of such triple stars lies somewhere between one per galaxy and one per universe. the figure - of - eight orbit is a planetary dance in which the bodies return to the same positions but swap their identities, each occupying the location that the body in front of it has vacated. this kind of orbit is called a choreography. using a computer, simo has found a huge number of choreographies, which can involve a large number of bodies. the solar system is, was, and will be, far stranger than we imagine. consider the comet oterma. a century ago, oterma ’ s orbit was well outside that of jupiter. after a close encounter with the giant planet, its orbit shifted inside that of jupiter. after another close encounter, it switched


imagine. consider the comet oterma. a century ago, oterma ’ s orbit was well outside that of jupiter. after a close encounter with the giant planet, its orbit shifted inside that of jupiter. after another close encounter, it switched back to outside again. we can confidently predict that oterma will continue to switch orbits in this way every few decades, not because it breaks newton ’ s law, but because it obeys it. oterma ’ s gyrations are a far cry from kepler ’ s tidy ellipses. the explanation is straight out of science fiction. in pandora ’ s star, peter hamilton portrays a future where people travel to planets encircling distant stars by train, running the railway lines through a wormhole, a short cut through space - time. in his lensman series, edward elmer “ doc ” smith came up with the hyperspatial tube, which malevolent aliens used to invade human worlds from the fourth dimension. although we don ’ t have wormholes or aliens from the fourth dimension, the planets and moons of the solar system are tied together by a network of multidimensional mathematical tubes that provide energy - efficient routes from one world to another. if we could visualise the ever - changing gravitational landscape that controls the planets, we would see these tubes, swirling along with the planets as they orbit the sun. oterma ’ s orbit lies inside two tubes, which meet near jupiter at a lagrange point. one tube lies inside jupiter ’ s orbit, the other outside. at the lagrange point the comet can switch tubes, or not, depending on chaotic effects of jovian and solar gravity ; once inside a tube, however, oterma is stuck there until the tube returns to the junction. like a train that has to stay on the rails, but can change its route to another set of rails if someone switches the points, oterma has some freedom to change its itinerary, but not a lot. as such, the way to plan an efficient mission profile is to work out which tubes are relevant to your choice of destination. then you route your spacecraft along the inside of the first inbound tube, and when it gets to the associated lagrange point you fire a quick burst on the motors to redirect it along the most suitable outbound tube. that tube naturally flows into the corresponding inbound tube of the next switching point... and so it goes on. plans for future tubular space missions are already


quick burst on the motors to redirect it along the most suitable outbound tube. that tube naturally flows into the corresponding inbound tube of the next switching point... and so it goes on. plans for future tubular space missions are already being drawn up. in 2000, wang sang koon, martin lo, jerrold marsden and shane ross used the tube technique to plot what they described as a “ petit grand tour ” – an energy - efficient route – around the moons of jupiter, ending in orbit around europa. in 2005, michael dellnitz, oliver junge, marcus post and bianca thiere used tubes to plan an energy - efficient mission from the earth to venus. their route would use one - third of the fuel required by the european space agency ’ s venus express mission, which has observed venus since 2006. past, present, future the influence of tubes may go further. dellnitz has discovered evidence of a natural system of tubes connecting jupiter to each of the inner planets. this remarkable structure, known as the interplanetary superhighway, hints that jupiter, long known to be the dominant planet of the solar system, also plays the role of a celestial grand central station. in the past, its tubes may well have organised the formation of the entire solar system, determining the spacings of the inner planets. so, is the solar system stable? the answer is a definite “ maybe ”. two research groups, run by jack wisdom of the massachusetts institute of technology and jacques laskar of the observatoire de paris, have pioneered highly accurate computational methods to understand the probable future of the solar system. wisdom ’ s group has found that pluto behaves chaotically over timescales of several hundred million years. in 1999, norman murray of the canadian institute for theoretical astrophysics and matthew holman of the smithsonian astrophysical observatory discovered that the orbit of uranus can also change chaotically, so that it occasionally gets close to saturn, with the possibility that uranus would then be ejected from the solar system. however, it will probably take about one quintillion years for this to happen. ( the sun will blow up into a red giant much sooner, about five billion years from now. the earth will move outwards and might just escape being engulfed, even though tidal interactions will probably pull it into the sun. in any case, our planet ’ s oceans will boil away long before that. and, anyway, the typical lifetime of a species is no more than five million years. ) it


engulfed, even though tidal interactions will probably pull it into the sun. in any case, our planet ’ s oceans will boil away long before that. and, anyway, the typical lifetime of a species is no more than five million years. ) it ’ s not just the future that is chaotic ; the same methods can be used to investigate the solar system ’ s past. in 1993, renu malhotra of the university of arizona realised that the early solar system must have been far more dynamic than had been assumed. as the planets were condensing from the primal gas cloud surrounding the sun, there came a time when jupiter, saturn, uranus and neptune were nearly complete. among them circulated huge numbers of rocky and icy “ planetesimals ”, small bodies about ten kilometres across. many of these were ejected into the wider solar system, reducing the energy of the four giant planets. neptune migrated outwards. so did uranus and saturn. jupiter, the big loser in the energy stakes, moved inwards. so, our solar system ’ s apparently stable plan arose through an intricate dance of the giants, in which they threw the smallest bodies at each other in a riot of chaos. is the solar system stable? probably not, but don ’ t worry : we won ’ t be around to find out. ian stewart is emeritus professor of mathematics at the university of warwick. his latest book is “ 17 equations that changed the world ” ( profile, £15. 99 ) more from new statesman - online writers : - steven baxter - rowenna davis - david allen green - mehdi hasan - nelson jones - gavin kelly - helen lewis - laurie penny - the v spot - alex hern - martha gill - alan white - samira shackle - alex andreou - nicky woolf in america - bim adewunmi - kate mossman on pop - ryan gilbey on film - martin robbins - rafael behr - eleanor margolis


raising ' good cholesterol ' may not always cut heart attack risk washington, may 17 ( ani ) : a new study has cast doubts on a popular assumption that raising a person ' s hdl - the so - called ' good cholesterol ' - will necessarily lower the risk of a heart attack. the new research underscores the value of using genetic approaches to test biological hypotheses about human disease prior to developing specific drugs. a team led by researchers from the broad institute and massachusetts general hospital ( mgh ) explored naturally occurring genetic variations in humans to test the connection between hdl levels and heart attack. by studying the genes of roughly 170, 000 individuals, the team discovered that, when examined together, the 15 hdl - raising variants they tested do not reduce the risk of heart attack. " it ' s been assumed that if a patient, or group of patients, did something to cause their hdl levels to go up, then you can safely assume that their risk of heart attack will go down, " said senior author sekar kathiresan, director of preventive cardiology at mgh, associate professor of medicine at harvard medical school, and an associate member of the broad institute. " this work fundamentally questions that. " each of the variants kathiresan and his colleagues studied reflects potentially distinct ways the body might raise hdl. the findings raise significant questions about whether developing drugs against the genes explored in this study, which involves an international team of investigators to bring together patient samples, will prove effective in lowering heart attack risk across the population. " our study highlights the value of human genetic information in understanding disease biology prior to developing and testing drugs in the clinic, " said co - author david altshuler, director of the program in medical and population genetics at the broad institute and a harvard medical school professor at mgh. " this kind of research is not about personalized prediction - rather, it ' s about testing mechanisms and therapeutic hypotheses before drug discovery. " in the blood, cholesterol is carried by particles called lipoproteins, which come in different sizes and densities. these include hdl, or high - density lipoprotein, and ldl, or low - density lipoprotein. there is a well - studied connection between elevated ldl, often called the " bad cholesterol, " and heart attack. decades of research, including studies of genetic disorders in humans and the discovery of the ldl receptor and its role in cholesterol


a well - studied connection between elevated ldl, often called the " bad cholesterol, " and heart attack. decades of research, including studies of genetic disorders in humans and the discovery of the ldl receptor and its role in cholesterol regulation, paved the way for the development of life - saving drugs known as statins. this work showed beyond any reasonable doubt that many different methods of reducing a person ' s ldl levels lower the risk of heart disease. large - scale studies of genetic variation tied to ldl have been revealing, but the data on hdl are not so clear. more than 30 years ago, human epidemiological studies first revealed an association between hdl and risk for heart attack : the higher the levels, the lower the risk. experiments in cells and mice further support the idea and suggest that hdl is protective because it may remove cholesterol from the sites where it can do damage. however, it has been difficult for researchers to prove conclusively that raising hdl levels is beneficial, primarily for two reasons. first, studies of human genetic diseases where individuals have very low hdl levels have not yielded definitive answers as to the impact on heart attack. and second, because there are currently no drugs that specifically elevate hdl levels, it has been difficult to prove in humans that such an intervention will lower heart attack risk. " there are many biomarkers measurable in the blood that track with disease but only a very small number are actually causal and directly participate, " said first author benjamin voight, who since completing this work has left the broad and mgh for a position as an assistant professor at university of pennsylvania. " the reason you want to distinguish between causal and non - causal biomarkers is because of the implications for therapy. " to investigate, kathiresan teamed up with colleagues from mgh, the broad institute, and beyond, including voight and co - first author gina peloso. together, the researchers looked to the human genome for help. individuals typically carry two copies of each gene in the genome ; which copy a child will inherit from each parent is essentially a random decision, like flipping a coin. this phenomenon, sometimes called " mendelian randomization, " provides a powerful means of testing connections between genes, biomarkers, and disease - similar to the way that randomized controlled clinical trials can evaluate the effectiveness of new drugs. using this technique, researchers study two groups of people - those who carry a particular gene variant, and those who


between genes, biomarkers, and disease - similar to the way that randomized controlled clinical trials can evaluate the effectiveness of new drugs. using this technique, researchers study two groups of people - those who carry a particular gene variant, and those who do not. when sufficiently large groups are studied, both groups should be similar in every factor, except for the specific gene variant or biomarker of interest, allowing researchers to home in on whether the biomarker actually causes a particular trait or condition. by harnessing this method, kathiresan and his team tested whether certain genetic variants that can dial up a person ' s hdl levels impact the chances of developing heart attack. what they found was surprising. individuals who carried a particular variation in a gene called endothelial lipase had hdl levels that were elevated about 6mg / dl, or 10 percent - a change expected to decrease heart attack risk by about 13 percent. however, these individuals showed no difference in their risk of heart disease compared to people without the variant. similarly, the researchers identified a panel comprised of not just one but 14 different hdl - raising variants. they devised a scoring system based on the total number of copies of the gene variants a person carries - ranging from 0 to 28 - and then asked whether that score relates to the risk of heart attack. here also they uncovered no association. kathiresan emphasized that these results do not diminish the value of hdl levels as a predictor - a so - called biomarker - that can help estimate the likelihood of a person going on to develop heart attack. " we know that hdl is a great biomarker - it ' s quite useful in identifying individuals at higher risk of having a heart attack in the future, " said kathiresan. " but we have shown that you cannot assume that raising hdl by any mechanism will help patients. perhaps other mechanisms exist that can lower risk, but we will need to keep searching for them, " kathiresan added. ( ani ) read more : lady harding medical college | medical college | gsvm medical college | medical college po | b. r. d medical college | mlb medical college so | medical campus | govt. medical college | gandhi medical college | madras medical college | kilpauk medical college | thanjavur medical college so | pariyaram medical college | calicut medical college mdg | alappuzha medical college | r. g. kar medical college po | assam medical college | si


turner to monet a large, ambitious scene of arctic exploration, imagined fifty years after the event and half a world away, seems an unlikely australian project. jenner, a self - taught english immigrant painter, tried to establish a cultivated artistic climate in queensland at the end of the nineteenth century. such grand history paintings, employing all the stratagems of the sublime, would make the artist ’ s reputation unassailable, he thought, as well as serving another purpose, that of elevating public taste. his subject was sir john franklin ’ s doomed expedition of 1845, to find the fabled northwest passage between the atlantic and pacific oceans. the venture fascinated the public, writers, and the press for decades ; the british government, prodded by lady franklin, sent thirty - two expeditions to find the vanished explorers, swinburne wrote a long poem in 1860, and jules verne published two novels inspired by the topic in the 1870s. reports of cannibalism among survivors kept the story alive and scandalous. jenner remembered arctic scenery and details from a journey taken in his youth. he sailed in the early 1850s, he said, on ‘ a voyage to lapland, nova zembla and spitzbergen ’. 1at the age of eighteen in 1855, jenner joined the royal navy for a decade, then retired to his birthplace, brighton, to become an artist. unhappy with his prospects as a marine and genre painter there, he emigrated with his large family to brisbane in 1863. en route he witnessed the effects of krakatoa ’ s eruption, another instance of nature ’ s grand and sublime spectacles. for his modern history painting cape chudleigh, coast of labrador, jenner painted icebergs in labrador, populated by hundreds of great auks – large, penguin - like birds, hunted to extinction in the 1840s. the whole is lit by a full moon under a cloudy sky. apart from icy white and blue for freezing water, sea and sky, atmosphere and rocks are rendered in smoky brown and grey, with red reflected from the ship on fire behind an iceberg. 2 the ghostly theatre of franklin ’ s fatal voyage is accentuated by jenner ’ s spectral depiction of translucent ice, a disappearing mountain and bizarre spectating birds, scattered like the ill - fated crew through the sea and absent land. jenner ’ s invisible hero, franklin, was linked closely to colonial australia ’ s brief history : he accompanied matthew flinders on the investigator ’ s initial circumna


birds, scattered like the ill - fated crew through the sea and absent land. jenner ’ s invisible hero, franklin, was linked closely to colonial australia ’ s brief history : he accompanied matthew flinders on the investigator ’ s initial circumnavigation of the continent in 1801 – 04, and served as governor of tasmania from 1836 to 1843. nonetheless, the artist ’ s extravagant vision of the voyage was profoundly unfashionable. the extremes of the sublime, especially delight in terror and heightened emotions, had dissipated their effect by the end of the century, while unsuccessful english explorers no longer caught the imagination of poets and engravers. european aesthetic manners and themes were replaced in australia by the local and immediate paintings of the heidelberg school. 3 jenner was triply unfortunate, in that his subject and style were no longer appreciated, and any audience was sparse. nonetheless, he ensured some posterity by reworking and donating this large canvas to the infant queensland national art gallery upon its opening in 1895. 1 margaret maynard, ‘ jenner, isaac walter ( 1837 – 1902 ) ’, australian dictionary of biography, online edition, viewed november 2007, adb. online. anu. edu. au. 2 gavin fry, bronwyn mahoney, bettina macaulay, isaac walter jenner, sydney : beagle press, 1994, p. 34. 3 see glen r. cooke, catalogue worksheet for acc. number 1 : 0014, queensland art gallery, ms.


a new species of dinosaur is the smallest ever found in north america scientists report in the proceedings of the royal society of london b today. the pigeon - sized fruitadens haagarorum lived 150 million years ago in the late jurassic period. it was an agile fast runner, handy as it lived at the same time as other giant dinosaurs such as the long - necked brachiosaurus and the meat - eating allosaurus. tiny jaw fossil of the fruitadens dinosaur showing 5 teeth © the dinosaur institute, los angeles museum of natural history an international team led by dr richard butler of the bavarian state collection for palaeontology, germany, and the natural history museum, london, made the discovery by re - examining fossils uncovered in the 1970s. ' this discovery demonstrates just how remarkably diverse and successful the dinosaurs were, ' says dr butler. ' we have this diminutive dinosaur living alongside titans such as brachiosaurus that probably weighed 40, 000 times as much. ' the team studied fossils from 4 fruitadens individuals that were uncovered from the morrison formation in colorado and kept at the natural history museum, los angeles county. tiny details inside the leg bones revealed fruitadens grew to about 70cm in length and weighed less than 1kg. fruitadens had a combination of different shaped teeth including canine - like teeth at the front of the lower jaw and leaf - shaped teeth in the cheek area. this, combined with its small size, means fruitadens was probably an omnivore, eating both plants and small animals. fruitadens belonged to the heterodontosaurids, an important group of early dinosaurs previously unknown from north america, and is one of the latest surviving members of this group. heterodontosaurids, also had the unusual combination of canine - like and leaf - shaped teeth. earlier members of this group were larger than fruitadens and adapted to have a diet of tough vegetation. the more recent fruitadens evolved to be smaller and have a more generalised varied diet. fossil experts have been studying the morrison formation rocks where fruitadens was uncovered for 130 years. dozens of dinosaur species have been discovered there and there could be many more to come. dr butler says of the site, ' it is still possible to discover completely unique and remarkable species. if dinosaur ecosystems were that diverse, who knows what astonishing beasts are waiting for us to discover? '


the nobel prize in physics 2001 eric a. cornell, wolfgang ketterle, carl e. wieman bose - einstein condensation in a dilute gas ; the first 70 years and some recent experiments eric a. cornell held his nobel lecture december 8, 2001, at aula magna, stockholm university. he was presented by professor mats jonson, chairman of the nobel committee for physics. summary : fundamental ideas behind creating bose - einstein condensate ( bec ) in a gas are outlined. starting with heisenberg ' s uncertainty principle, the formation of bose - einstein condensate ( bec ) is explained as occurring when the interatomic spacing is comparable to thermal de broglie wavelength. the conditions for creating bec in a gas are described, and the necessary ingredients for creating bec in a gas are listed in an " ultra cold alkali tool kit ". copyright © nobel web ab 2001 credits : kamera communications ( webcasting ) read the nobel lecture pdf 447 kb copyright © the nobel foundation 2001 from les prix nobel. the nobel prizes 2001, editor tore frangsmyr, [ nobel foundation ], stockholm, 2002 mla style : " eric a. cornell - nobel lecture : bose - einstein condensation in a dilute gas ; the first 70 years and some recent experiments ". nobelprize. org. 22 may 2013 http : / / www. nobelprize. org / nobel _ prizes / physics / laureates / 2001 / cornell - lecture. html


question : my mother is pre - diabetic and has begun changing her eating habits along with walking & exercising. besides cutting out processed food, bad carbs and sugar, are their any other tips that she could look into and start adding to her daily or weekly routine? i ' ve read for example that apple cider vinegar could help as well as drinking lemon in water. any information or tips would be greatly appreciated! answer : first of all, thank you for your question. prediabetes is an important issue to address. according to the centers for disease prevention and control, in 2005 - 2008, 79 million americans aged 20 years or older with prediabetes. prediabetes is defined as a fasting blood sugar between 100 - 125, or a post meal blood sugar between 140 - 200. basically, it means your body is struggling to manage its blood sugars already, and if you don ’ t do something about, it will continue to worsen and may eventually be labeled as type 2 diabetes. prediabetes in seniors, i believe, is often a function of age. your body just can ’ t do its job as well anymore. prediabetes in kids, young adults, or middle - age adults is often caused by poor lifestyle habits such as poor food choices and eating habits, and lack of physical activity. if this is the case, changing your lifestyle and losing 5 - 10 % of your body weight may cut your risk for type 2 diabetes in half. making healthy food choices and having a healthy, consistent eating pattern are the best things you can do nutritionally to prevent diabetes. choose whole grains, fruits, vegetables, lean proteins and low - fat dairy products to fill your diet. eat small frequent meals. large meals spike your blood sugars more and burnout what ability your body has left to manage its blood sugars. limit junk foods, and foods that are high in fat and sugar, both in portion and frequency. accompany your healthy eating with more physical activity. 150 minutes of exercise per week is typically recommended. this may sound like a lot, but this can be cut into 5 – 30 minute walks throughout the week. if 30 minutes is more time than you can afford at once, break it into 3 - 10 minute increments. you will still get benefits from the activity. there are claims out there about natural “ cures ” and supplements for blood sugar management. prediabetes is not “ reversible, ” but it can be easily managed and the progression


greek myths and christian mystery by hugo rahner, by s. j., translated by brian batteshaw harper & row, 399 pp., $ 10. 00 who came first, homer or moses? that question was vigorously debated between christian and pagan apologists in the last centuries of antiquity, and often it was turned into a blunter question, who plagiarized from whom? as an anonymous writer of about the year 200 phrased it, i think you are not ignorant of the fact … that orpheus, homer and solon were in egypt, that they took advantage of the historical work of moses, and that in consequence they were able to take a position against those who had previously held false ideas about the gods. among his many “ proofs ” were the “ borrowing ” of the opening of genesis for one bit of the description of the shield of achilles in the iliad, the portrayal of the garden of eden in the guise of the garden of king alcinous in book vii of the odyssey ; and homer ’ s referring to the corpse of hector as “ senseless clay, ” copied from “ dust thou art and to dust thou shalt return. ” there were jewish precedents for this kind of nonsense, especially in the hellenized environment of alexandria, going back at least to the middle of the second century b. c. in one sense the motivation is only too obvious. claims of priority are common propaganda in all sorts of movements : we have had some remarkable examples in our own day. but there was much more to it in the homer - moses debate. at that time judaism and christianity were unique in their exclusiveness. conversion to either religion required the complete abandonment of all previous beliefs, whereas among the prevailing polytheisms one could add new gods or new rites to the old, or create new combinations. only with the former is it proper to speak of conversion at all, and the psychological difficulties are enormous. in the year 200, for example, what happened to a graeco - syrian from antioch or a graeco - egyptian from alexandria who, in his adult years, was converted to christianity, still very much a minority religion and a persecuted one to boot? was he capable, emotionally and psychologically, of ridding himself totally of the mother goddess or isis or serapis, of all the associations which went with their worship, of all his personal experiences ( even of his language ) which had in one way or another been connected with these cults up to the moment of conversion? could


britain and the jews of europe 1939 - 1945 by bernard wasserstein oxford university press, for the institute of jewish affairs, 389 pp., $ 17. 95 in a well - known work on the eichmann trial hannah arendt perversely floated the notion of the banality of evil. what seems to lie behind this idea is that eichmann was no more than a dim little man whose crimes were simply a byproduct of the daily official routine to which it was his duty as a bureaucrat to attend. but bureaucrats are also human beings, and part of what makes a human being is the capacity to make choices, and specifically moral ones. contrary to miss arendt ’ s glib phrase, choices of this kind can never be banal. if they were, we would not, every time we hear or read about the nazi treatment of the jews, feel intimately and profoundly devastated. the horror which nazi actions will continue to inspire arises in part from our inability to fathom, and fully account for, their monstrousness. the malice which, without the shadow of a provocation, and for no seeming advantage, diligently and relentlessly destroyed the happiness, security, and lives of whole multitudes will always be matter for awed puzzlement. none of its manifestations can possibly ever be judged banal. the multitudes who were thus hounded to their deaths were citizens or subjects of states on which they had a legitimate claim for protection. this they were in most cases denied. fellow - feeling was generally stilled, the jews were isolated from other citizens and made into aliens and outlaws. the achievement in these countries of a rechtstaat, the result of centuries of civility, supposed to restrain the violence of lawless appetite and secure for all undisturbed enjoyment of the fruits of their labor, was by the devilry of the nazis suddenly destroyed. poles, hungarians, rumanians, slovaks, croats, italians, frenchmen ( both men in authority and ordinary people ) became in this the accomplices of their conquerors, and were tainted with their evil. such was the bitter culmination of a european development which at its inception a hundred and fifty years earlier had seemed full of promise — the promise of a new social contract to bind the inhabitants of a country into one political community, in which religious belief or ethnic origin would have no bearing on the citizen ’ s rights or his duties. a merciful providence prevented the stain of this abomination from spreading to the


university of otago researcher dr paul tankard has sparked international media attention after tracking down a series of lost illustrations for the lord of the rings, which were highly praised by author j. r. r. tolkien but never published. the illustrations, by a previously little - known english artist, mary fairburn, now aged 78, widowed and living in victoria, australia, and dr tankard ' s research have just been highlighted by a front page story in the times literary supplement. dr tankard is an australian - born senior lecturer in the otago english department. in may 1968, tolkien was sent some samples of illustrations for the lord of the rings by miss fairburn, 35 - year - old london - born artist and art teacher, writing from winchester. at that stage, tolkien, a former oxford university professor, was aged 76 and living in retirement in oxford. he initially wrote back to her saying her works were " splendid ". but a few weeks later, tolkien ' s " life and affairs were thrown into chaos " when he was hospitalised, dr tankard said. miss fairburn later explained to tolkien she had been " sleeping on the floor of a condemned basement ", and faced significant hardship and debts. but her hopes of being able to illustrate the lord of the rings were to be dashed. she later emigrated to australia, where she has lived for more than 40 years, and the academic world knew nothing about tolkien ' s praise for her or about the pictures she had produced. all that quickly started to change after dr tankard travelled to castlemaine, a small city in victoria, australia, about 120km north of melbourne, in late 2010 to visit family members. told an artist living there had apparently had links with tolkien, dr tankard went to see her, and was shown letters from tolkien, and knew he was " on to something ". by john gibb


adena springs won ' t cause harm to springs or aquifer published : sunday, may 20, 2012 at 6 : 30 a. m. last modified : friday, may 18, 2012 at 8 : 21 p. m. north and central florida are experiencing drought ranging from severe to exceptional. this is one of the periodic irritating — sometimes devastating — ironies of florida weather. we know spring months will be dry. but when a dry spring combines with a really bad drought, the lack of rain for extended periods can lead to reduced water levels in our lakes, rivers, springs and even the aquifer. it is, therefore, probably not the most psychologically advantageous time for a marion county rancher to be asking the st. john ' s river water management district ( sjrwmd ) to approve a new groundwater withdrawal of up to 13. 2 - million gallons a day from his property, adena springs ranch. however, the one thing we know about florida weather is that it is unpredictable. as many of us recall, an even more severe drought in 2001 - 02 was followed by a year of unprecedented hurricanes and tropical storms in 2004. water - use permit applications like adena springs ranch must be judged on their long - term impact on water resources and not on current climatic conditions. it would make no more sense to permit adena springs ranch during a period of extreme flood than it would to reject the permit application during a period of drought. also, on a map, the ranch appears to be located close to several lakes, and at least a half a dozen natural springs, one of which is the already stressed silver springs, one of florida ' s greatest natural wonders. predictably, some individuals and environmental groups forecast disaster if sjrwmd approves the water - use permit for adena springs ranch. they argue a withdrawal of 13. 2 mgd will lead to certain damage, perhaps even destruction of silver springs and other natural springs in the area, as well as dropping levels in area lakes. it is an emotional, and sometimes politically effective, argument. but emotional and effective don ' t add up to factual. a highly regarded environmental engineering firm from sanford, fla., used a peer - reviewed, hydrologic model developed by the sjrwmd to assess the impact of the proposed withdrawal on environmental features and private wells surrounding adena springs ranch. the results of this model are that the proposed withdrawal will have virtually no impact on silver springs, other natural springs, lakes and private wells.


this test and will soon be reporting the results to the sjrwmd. opponents of the permit also claim the aquifer and the natural springs in the area will be polluted with nutrients through over - fertilization and other cattle - ranching activities. however, it has always been adena springs ranch ' s intent to only use the minimum amount of fertilizer necessary that can be absorbed quickly by the plants, while maintaining sufficient growth to supply the forage needs of the cattle, and to spread the cattle manure so the nutrients therein will not leach into groundwater. the process will be in accordance with recommendations from a certified agronomist and best - management practices approved by institute of food and agricultural sciences ( ifas ), and the florida department of agriculture and consumer services. in fact, adena springs ranch is developing a state - of - the art nutrient management plan and irrigation plan to ensure that no additional nutrient loading will occur on the property as a result of the proposed cattle - ranch activities. ed de la parte is a tampa water - use permitting attorney working for adena springs ranch. reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. all rights reserved. this copyrighted material may not be re - published without permission. links are encouraged.


the international guidelines on hiv / aids and human rights ohchr and unaids published the international guidelines on hiv / aids and human rights in 1998 as a tool for states in designing, co - ordinating and implementing effective national hiv / aids policies and strategies. the guidelines were drafted by experts at an international consultation in 1996 and provide the framework for a rights - based response to the hiv / aids epidemic by outlining how human rights standards apply in the context of hiv / aids and translating them into practical measures that should be undertaken at the national level, based on three broad approaches : - improvement of government capacity for multi - sectoral coordination and accountability ; - reform of laws and legal support services, with a focus on anti - discrimination, protection of public health, and improvement of the status of women, children and marginalised groups ; and - support and increased private sector and community participation to respond ethically and effectively to hiv / aids. ohchr encourages governments, national human rights institutions, non - governmental organisations and people living with hiv and aids to use the guidelines for training, policy formulation, advocacy, and the development of legislation on hiv / aids - related human rights. in light of developments in adressing the epidemic, a third international consultation in 2002 revised guideline 6 on access to prevention, treatment, care and support. a consolidated version of the international guidelines on hiv - aids and human rights was launched in august 2006 to coincide with the xvith international aids conference and the tenth anniversary of the guidelines themselves.


the international olympic committee is the supreme authority of the olympic movement. acting as a catalyst for collaboration between all parties of the olympic family, from the national olympic committees ( nocs ), the international sports federations ( ifs ), the athletes, the organising committees for the olympic games ( ocogs ), to the top partners, broadcast partners and united nations agencies, the international olympic committee ( ioc ) shepherds success through a wide range of programmes and projects. on this basis it ensures the regular celebration of the olympic games, supports all affiliated member organisations of the olympic movement and strongly encourages, by appropriate means, the promotion of the olympic values. in detail the role of the ioc, according to the olympic charter, is : - to encourage and support the promotion of ethics in sport as well as education of youth through sport and to dedicate its efforts to ensuring that, in sport, the spirit of fair play prevails and violence is banned ; - to encourage and support the organisation, development and coordination of sport and sports competitions ; - to ensure the regular celebration of the olympic games ; - to cooperate with the competent public or private organisations and authorities in the endeavour to place sport at the service of humanity and thereby to promote peace ; - to take action in order to strengthen the unity and to protect the independence of the olympic movement ; - to act against any form of discrimination affecting the olympic movement ; - to encourage and support the promotion of women in sport at all levels and in all structures with a view to implementing the principle of equality of men and women ; - to lead the fight against doping in sport ; - to encourage and support measures protecting the health of athletes ; - to oppose any political or commercial abuse of sport and athletes ; - to encourage and support the efforts of sports organisations and public authorities to provide for the social and professional future of athletes ; - to encourage and support the development of sport for all ; - to encourage and support a responsible concern for environmental issues, to promote sustainable development in sport and to require that the olympic games are held accordingly ; - to promote a positive legacy from the olympic games to the host cities and host countries ; - to encourage and support initiatives blending sport with culture and education ; - to encourage and support the activities of the international olympic academy ( ioa ) and other institutions which dedicate themselves to olympic education.


unicosunicos is the standard operating system for vsmp ( cray vector symmetric multi - processor ) computers and established since 1985. it was derived from the unix system v, a far common and well ported operating system programmed in c. the unicos system also was affected by the 4th generation of bsd and extended by super computing abilities to provide high performance to support the science and development market. unicos is the first 64 bit implementation of unix and a unix similar file system. unicos system offers a stable base from small servers up to gigantic computer plants. photos : cray inc. the unicos system makes extremely flexible and robust calculating machines with support of the following hard and software characteristics possible : the unicos system is the first high performance unix based operating system which supports smp. multi - processor and multi - threading operating system the unicos system is scalable on more than 32 processors. cray aims at a small cpu percentage for the consumption of system processes, also in the greatest and the most extensive configuration. high performance i / o bandwidth and capacity. unicos i / o scales with the number of processors in the system. the standard unix was modified around a file system for up to 8 tbyte to support large files. the support of several devices in a system, multiple types of fixed disks and memory devices in a file system ( for build in memory solutions ) and the file storage strategy with the used algorithm were specified. cache support is availably for physical devices in addition to the file system. through this a high efficiency is made possible for some devices and file systems. the unicos system allows combining of buffered and direct access to i / o devices without integrity loss of the data which are not natural for the devices of other systems. for cray is performance not acceptable without data integrity low waiting times for i / o processes the i ' / o path by the unicos system is high optimized. as much as possible user data transmittings are finished directly to reduce the need for temporary buffering and copying actions. the unicos system created asynchronous i / o for unix systems. many interfaces are designed for the flexible programming to check i / o processes. the unicos system contains an optimized path for asynchronous i / o to avoid extra controls or background processes which reduce the total performance. the unicos system facilitates i / o in the direct access for the user in most cases as a standard.


an optimized path for asynchronous i / o to avoid extra controls or background processes which reduce the total performance. the unicos system facilitates i / o in the direct access for the user in most cases as a standard. great product extensions the batch support is made possible by the nqe / nqs subsystem which is designed completely as a multi - system for the evaluation and control of the jobs. the interaction of many users jobs and processes of a mixed batch and interactive system is protected by job and processing limitations. these limits are made possible by an easy to use administration menu with the name user database ( udb ). together with the file system and quotas it allowas the flexible control over users and user groups. the fairly configured usage planner ensured the safe allocation of resources for users and processes in the two areas batch and interaction mode is possible. previous planned dates of the mixed processing, that is batch and interactive mode, is supported by administrative control possibilities. extension for the system availability around the processing ( for example, checkpoint and restart ) can be executed automatically for the support of batch and interactive process recovery. redundand devices like mirrored fixed harddisks and alternative ways guarantee the fault - tolerant operation. online diagnoses and ability allowing the control of development problems as cpu error detection and speed reductions. multilevel security ( mls ) features like security logging, acl control, security level and classifications ensure the privacy without influencing of the performance. settings for the restriction of operator and administrator privileges are possible. both is a necessary for mls security and solves a deficit which was recognized by the community. user accounts were improved for the unicos system to guarantee the correctness. on a unix system a user can pay for computing time that he has not consumed and is not usual for him. unicos system accounts create very detailed recordings for requirements like cost control for computing time and performance analyses. unicos contains an excellent support for tape drives and everything necessary for large systems with multi - volumes and control abilities which are base requirements in a computing centre. products like the reellibrarian ( crl ) band library management package and the cray data migration facility ( dmf ) are in addition supported for completely transparently data backup to tapes and for automatic or manual recovery. unicos supports the execution of a program on several processors by multitasking. it is the first that contains several function - related interfaces for multitasking and also supports the standard posix to


to tapes and for automatic or manual recovery. unicos supports the execution of a program on several processors by multitasking. it is the first that contains several function - related interfaces for multitasking and also supports the standard posix to protect previous investments in software applications. the unicos system supports also the high speed control of thread changes under an application and planned controls to ensure the defined cpu time and resources by the administrator. the unix - based development environment contains a number of applications like compiler, loader, debugger and performance tools. | 1986 april | | unicos 1. 0 | | 1986 dec. | | unicos 2. 0 | | 1987 sept. | | unicos 3. 0 | | 1988 july | | unicos 4. 0 | | 1989 may | | unicos 5. 0 | | 1991 feb. | | unicos 6. 0 | | 1992 oct. | | unicos 7. 0 | | 1994 march | | unicos 8. 0 | | 1995 sept. | | unicos 9. 0 | | 1996 march | | unicos 9. 1 | | 1997 jan. | | unicos 9. 2 | | 1997 nov. | | unicos 10. 0 | | 1998 may | | unicos 10. 0. 0. 2 | | 1998 oct. | | unicos 10. 0. 0. 3 | | 1999 feb. | | unicos 10. 0. 0. 4 | | 1999 may | | unicos 10. 0. 0. 5 | | 1999 june | | unicos 10. 0. 0. 6 | | 2000 jan. | | unicos 10. 0. 0. 7 | | 2000 nov. | | unicos 10. 0. 0. 8 | | 2001 june | | unicos 10. 0. 1. 0 | | 2002 aug. | | unicos / mp 1. 0, based on the irix 6. 5 kernel | | 2002 dec. | | unicos / mp 2. 0 | | 2003 march | | unicos / mp 2. 1 | | 2003 july | | unicos / mp 2. 2 | | 2003 nov. | | unicos / mp 2. 3 | | 2004 march | | unicos / mp 2. 4 | | 2004 nov. | | unicos / mp 2. 5 | | 2005 march |


in the early 1990s, researchers, including itzhaki, found evidence suggesting that as we age, the herpes virus begins moving from its hideout near the bottom of the skull directly into the brain ( possibly because our immune systems lose some bite ). indeed, one journal of pathology study found the virus in a high proportion of postmortem brain samples taken from people who ' d died in their later decades, while it was absent in those from people who ' d died in youth or middle age. what effect does the virus have when it reaches your brain? the short answer : that depends. in certain people it seems to do much less damage than in others ; just as some of us never develop cold sores, some of us can have the herpes virus inside our brains without any horribly ill effects. but itzhaki believes that in other people — specifically those who carry apoe e4, a gene form, or allele, strongly linked to alzheimer ' s — the virus is not only reactivated by triggers like stress or a weakened immune system, but also actually begins to create the proteins that form the plaques and tangles presumed to be responsible for alzheimer ' s. if you ' re looking for evidence, itzhaki can show you a stack of it. in two studies, for example, she and several colleagues took brain samples from 109 deceased people — 61 of whom had had alzheimer ' s, 48 of whom hadn ' t — to search for any correlation between herpes, apoe e4, and alzheimer ' s. their results : people who had both the apoe e4 gene and the herpes virus in their brains were 15 times more likely to have alzheimer ' s than people who had neither. ( the researchers also found, intriguingly, that people who suffered from recurrent cold sores were almost six times as likely to have the apoe e4 gene as those who didn ' t get cold sores. ) a decade later, dr. federoff, then working at the university of rochester, administered the herpes virus to four different groups of mice, each of which had a different variation or absence of the apoe gene. he found that in mice with the specific apoe e4 variation, the virus was slower to become dormant than it was in mice with apoe e2, apoe e3, or no apoe gene, suggesting that the virus could be replicating faster in the e4 mice. " the results definitely suggest there ' s something different about having apoe e4,


mice with apoe e2, apoe e3, or no apoe gene, suggesting that the virus could be replicating faster in the e4 mice. " the results definitely suggest there ' s something different about having apoe e4, " says dr. federoff. still other research shows the direct impact of hsv - 1 itself. in 2007, a study by itzhaki and wozniak found that infecting lab samples of brain cells with the virus caused a buildup of the protein ( beta amyloid ) that ' s the primary component of the plaque clogging the brains of alzheimer ' s patients. the same study also found a similar result in the brains of mice that had been infected with hsv - 1. then there was january ' s study in the journal of pathology. in it, itzhaki and wozniak looked at brain samples from 11 deceased people ; six had had alzheimer ' s and five hadn ' t. while both groups had plaques ( not surprisingly, the alzheimer ' s group had far more ) and evidence of the herpes virus in their brains, there was a crucial difference in the concentration of the virus : in the alzheimer ' s patients, 72 percent of the virus ' s dna was found in the plaques, compared with only 24 percent that was found in the plaques of the non - alzheimer ' s brains. not surprisingly, all but one of the alzheimer ' s sufferers also carried the apoe e4 gene, compared with none of the samples from the non - alzheimer ' s people. wozniak is confident that these last two studies point to the same conclusion : " the results strongly suggest that hsv - 1 is a major cause of amyloid plaques — and probably of alzheimer ' s disease. " most popular in health


health - conscious and environmentally aware consumers have been opting for veggie burgers in lieu of beef for years now, but a common industrial method of processing soybeans involves the use of hexane, a neurotoxin and registered air pollutant. that ' s probably not what the typical veggie - burger buyer is bargaining for. " a lot of people who eat veggie burgers are doing so because they ' re conscious of their food choices and the impact on the environment, " says charlotte vallaeys, farm and food policy analyst for the cornucopia institute, a sustainable - farming advocacy group. " but companies are either promoting themselves as natural or even ' made with organic ' ingredients and then using hexane. " vallaeys ' report investigating the questionable soy processing procedures used to produce some soy veggie burgers was released last year, but a recent mother jones article brought the issue back into the public eye. vallaeys explains that in soy veggie burgers not qualified for the usda - certified organic seal, food manufacturers generally douse whole soybeans in a hexane solvent bath to break down the bean, separating the oil from the proteins. what it means : it is not clear whether any hexane remains in the food, but it is certainly released into the atmosphere. vallaeys says food processors are among the worst emitters of the air contaminant. and aside from concerns about hexane, there are issues with how the soy is grown. in the united states, about 90 percent of the soy supply comes from genetically engineered crops, a relatively new food practice that has not been tested for its impact on human health. some researchers have linked genetically engineered food to food allergies, digestive diseases, and even accelerated aging. genetically engineered crops are manipulated to either produce their own pesticide inside the plant ( which we wind up eating ) or to withstand heavy dousing of pesticides that are linked to everything from learning problems in kids to diabetes and parkinson ' s disease in adults.


" a printed card means nothing except that you are too lazy to write to the woman done more for you than anyone in the world. and candy! you take a box to mother — and then eat most of it yourself. a pretty sentiment. " - - anna jarvis, promoter of the establishment of mother ' s day and expert guilt - trip giver mothers - - we ' ve all got ‘ em. we wouldn ' t be here if it weren ' t for mom! the beginning of mother ' s day in this country began as a fringe suggestion by julia ward howe, a unitarian and women ' s rights activist, in a proclamation of peace in 1870. and the world thought that she was batty! how right howe was because many ancient cultures including the greek, romans, and celtics commemorated mother and creation with celebrations. text on otrcat. com ©2001 - 2010 otrcat inc all rights reserved - reproduction is prohibited. during the turn of the century anna jarvis picked up the fight to celebrate mothers in the united states and dedicated her life to writing letters and influencing people to celebrate their mothers. it was quite a feat and in 1908 nebraska senator and mom - lover, elmer burkett, suggested that the congress pass a resolution to establish mother ' s day, but it was defeated. many senators were reminded by their moms about the 20 hours of labor they went through to bring the future law makers into the world for this, but it took another 6 years to establish a national mother ' s day! the resolution was signed in 1914 by president woodrow wilson to celebrate the mom. mama wilson cheered as did the rest of the world. this collection includes old time radio shows with moms of all sorts — pretty mamas, sweet mamas, mama ' s boys, unbearable and murderous mamas - in - laws. thank you to moms everywhere! ( mother ' s day is always the second sunday in may. ) see also : crazy mamas and father ' s day collection


sunday, november 02, 2008 she ain ' t heavy - she ' s my sister look again at the photograph above and see if your assumption about the pilot sitting in front of a soviet yak - 9 fighter is correct. because the soviet union was the first country in the world to give women legal equality their military flying schools were open to both men and women. this meant that during world war two russian women piloted both fighters and bombers. despite technical equality women flyers were not given military roles until after the german invasion in june 1941. as the nazi threat increased russian women were hastily trained for aircrew combat duties, and were issued with male flying clothing - including underwear. it is one of those women pilots in the photo. training of the women was overseen by the legendary soviet woman aviator marina raskova who had previously studied piano at academy level. three all - female regiments ( squadrons in western parlance ) were formed by the russians, and between 1941 and the end of the war they flew more than 30, 000 missions. the photo below shows three of the soviet aircrew preparing for a sortie. marina raskova was killed when her bomber crashed in january 1943 en route to the front at stalingrad. she was given the first state funeral of the war and was buried in red square. in june 1943 an american liberty ship was named after her. russia ' s western allies also used women aircrew, although the attitudes towards them were sometimes less enlightened. in britain women flew planes for the air transport auxiliary, a civilian organisation that pioneered equal opportunities for those with physical disabilities and equal pay for women. but the british government kept the ata ' s use of women secret for the very chauvinist reason that they didn ' t want the germans to know they were so desperately in need of pilots that they had to call upon women. across the pond wasp ( women airforces services pilots ) was formed in august 1943 in america by merging two existing organisations. my photo shows three wasp crew members at laredo, texas in 1944. the wasp flew sixty million miles, carried out 80 % of us ferrying missions in the war, and thirty - eight of them died on flying missions. but the story of the wasp does not have a happy end. unlike their british counterparts the wasp were paid 30 % less than their male colleagues, and, in common with ata pilots, they did not have military status. in 1944 a bill was introduced into congress to make wasp a woman ' s service within the usaaf. the bill was


wasp were paid 30 % less than their male colleagues, and, in common with ata pilots, they did not have military status. in 1944 a bill was introduced into congress to make wasp a woman ' s service within the usaaf. the bill was defeated and wasp remained civil servants without the benefits contained in the gi bill. as well as the loss of medical coverage and life insurance this meant that when a woman crew member died on duty the us government was not obliged to pay for her body to be shipped home and buried. but worse was to come. after the defeat of the militarisation bill pressure came from a powerful lobby of male civilian pilots who wanted the wasp jobs. this resulted in the disbandment of wasp in december 1944, eight months before the war ended. it was not until 1977 that president jimmy carter granted wasp veteran status. german women were not allowed to fly in combat for the third reich. but a small number flew ferry missions for the luftwaffe in the dangerous skies over gerany. one was beate uhse who ferried classic german warplanes such as the stuka and messerschmitt 109 to combat zones. after the war uhse struck the ultimate blow for women ' s liberation. in 1972 she opened the world ' s first sex shop in flensburg in germany. she died in 2001 but her name is immortalised in beate uhse ag, germany ' s most successful erotica chain. the story of the american and soviet women military pilots world war ii is magnificently told in amy goodpaster strebe ' s new book flying for her country ( praeger security international isbn 9780275994341 ). my text and photos are based on her book, which was borrowed from the invaluable 2nd air division memorial library in norwich. the copy of the book was donated by marion stegeman hodgson, who was herself a wasp. the woman ' s collection at texas woman ' s university provided material for the book and i know the path has at least one regular reader at twu. the photo below shows a wasp in conversation with a male colleague on the wing of an a - 25 helldiver at camp davis, north carolina. that great anti - war statement, benjamin britten ' s war requiem, was written for the 1962 re - consecration of coventry cathedral, which had been destroyed by german bombs in 1940. britten had written the parts of the two soldiers for the british peter pears and german dietrich fischer - dieskau, and


war requiem, was written for the 1962 re - consecration of coventry cathedral, which had been destroyed by german bombs in 1940. britten had written the parts of the two soldiers for the british peter pears and german dietrich fischer - dieskau, and the role of celebrants for the russian soprano galina vishnevskaya ( who was married to mstislav rostropovich ) together with full chorus and orchestra. the russian minister of culture refused permission for vishnevskaya to sing in the premiere and her place was taken by heather harper. but vishnevskaya was able to sing in the definitive 1963 recording conducted by britten, and my photo below shows them together at the sessions. marina raskova was killed when her bomber crashed flying to stalingrad. a reproduction of the madonna of stalingrad, which was drawn by a german doctor and clergyman who died in the siege of the city, is housed in coventry cathedral, where the war requiem was first performed. the kaiser wilhelm memorial church in berlin was destroyed by allied bombers in november 1943. a wonderful new church with a fine organ has risen from the ruins in berlin, and houses the original madonna of stalingrad. any copyrighted material on these pages is included as " fair use ", for the purpose of study, review or critical analysis only, and will be removed at the request of copyright owner ( s ). report broken links, missing images and errors to - overgrownpath at hotmail dot co dot uk


if you have a student in the marketing area, they will enjoy talking about how features of a product / service should be translated into benefits. this article will provide you with some background and some ideas to feed in to the discussion : the text in the box below is based on phrases given in the article. 1 write on the board these words : features tell, benefits sell. you might have to establish the meaning of ‘ feature ’ : something interesting or important about a product. and you will probably want to give ( or elicit ) a few quick and obvious examples of features and their benefits, such as power steering ( feature ) makes a car easier to park ( benefit ) ; or innovative design of a product ( feature ) means you look cool and stylish when you use it ( benefit ) ; or small size of a product ( feature ) means it easily fits into your bag or pocket ( benefit ). 2 have a warmer discussion on this topic. marketing people will have a lot to say about this ( marketers understand that you have to appeal to people ’ s emotions, not just give them dry information ). 3 after a general discussion, write the text below on the board. now ask the students to use the language on the board to write a few sentences about one of their own products / services and two of its features and resulting benefits. 4 when they finish, the students can read out their sentences and there will be further discussion, this time more specific to the students ’ own business.


functional diversity in marine ecosystems functional diversity refers to the variety of biological processes, functions or characteristics of a particular ecosystem in this case marine biodiversity. functional diversity reflects the biological complexity of an ecosystem. some scientists argue that examining functional diversity may in fact be the most meaningful way of assessing biodiversity while avoiding the difficult and usually impossible task of cataloging all species in marine ecosystems. by focusing on processes, it may be easier to determine how an ecosystem can most effectively be protected. protecting biological functions will protect many of the species that perform them. however, the exact function of most of the species is hardly known to date. there are several ways in which ecological classifications group organisms according to common functions : classification according to their habitat, to their position in the food web or to their functional feeding mechanism. classification by ‘ habitat ’ aquatic organisms can be divided into four major groups : pelagic, benthic, neuston and fringing, according to the water body which they inhabit. for the coastal wiki there are eleven sub - categories : pelagic organisms are those that live in ocean water and are not associated with the bottom. they thus inhabit the water column and can be divided into plankton and nekton. plankton are organisms that are suspended, ( they float or are weakly self - propelled ) in the water and drift with it as it moves. plankton is either passive and includes algae, bacteria and variety of animals. plankton is usually subdivided in phytoplankton ( photosynthethic organisms like algae ) and zooplankton ( animals ), what refers to their ecological function. plankton can also be subdivided in holoplankton and meroplankton. holoplankton are permanent members, represented by many taxa in the sea. meroplankton are temporary members, spending only a part of their life cycle in the plankton. they include larvae of anemones, barnacles, crabs and even fish, which later in life will join the nekton or the benthos. meroplankton are very much a feature of the sea, particularly coastal waters, as the often sedentary adult forms of coastal species use their planktonic stage for dispersal. nekton are organisms swimming actively in the water, it includes a variety of animals, mostly fish. benthos comprises organisms on the bed of the water body. animals attached to or living on the bottom are referred to as epifauna, while those which burrow into soft


in the water, it includes a variety of animals, mostly fish. benthos comprises organisms on the bed of the water body. animals attached to or living on the bottom are referred to as epifauna, while those which burrow into soft sediments or live in spaces between sediment particles are described as infauna. attached multicellular plants and algae are referred to as macrophytes, while single - celled or filamentous algae are called as periphyton or microphytobenthos. epiphytic algae are those which grow on macrophytes. benthic consumers can be divided by size into macrofauna ( > 500 μm ), meiofauna ( 10 - 500 μm ) and micro - organisms ( < 10 μm ). neuston are those organisms associated with the water surface, where they are supported by surface tension. most neuston require very still water surface and is therefore very restricted in the sea. fringing communities are floral communities that occur where the water is shallow enough for plentiful light to reach the bottom, allowing the growth of attached photosynthesisers, which may be entirely submerged or emergent into the air. marine communities are composed mostly out of algal seaweeds. wetlands are composed of this type of vegetation. there are a lot of other habitat classifications, for example the eunis habitat types classification.. this is a comprehensive pan - european system to facilitate the harmonized description and collection of data across europe through the use of criteria for habitat identification ; it covers all types of habitats from natural to artificial, from terrestrial to freshwater and marine. an example of the eunis habitat classification : marine habitats at level 1 is the following : - littoral rock and other hard substrata - littoral sediment - infralittoral rock and other hard substrata - circalittoral rock and other hard substrata - sublittoral sediment - deep - sea bed - pelagic water column - ice - associated marine habitats classification by position in the food web it is very difficult to make generalizations about the trophic relationships in coastal marine systems, because the ecological habitats are so diverse. a simplified description of a food web : the phytoplankton are the primary producers and are eaten by the zooplankton ( smallest floating animals ). the zooplankton are eaten by small fish ( sardines, herring ) and small fish are eaten by larger fish. at the


pick particles from the ocean bed - predators consume other living animals - parasites derive their food from a living organism of another species ( host ), they usually live in or on the body of the host. in practice this distinction is very imprecise but useful as long as it is understood that they should not be too rigidly applied. the shelf bottom is occupied by diverse groups of benthic organisms that vary with changes in the bathymetry and sediment cover of the sea bed. for example gravel and coarse sand bottoms are mostly populated by filter feeders and fine sand bottoms are predominantly composed of deposit feeders. muddy substrates are almost exclusively inhabited by deposit and detritus feeders. coastal pelagic communities in pelagic communities the classification based on feeding mechanism is less successful because consumers are opportunistic and will eat anything that is the correct size for their mouthparts to deal with. nekton are almost exclusively predators. the smaller species like the zooplankton are both predators and grazers. plankton are therefore also classified by size, although there is again an overlap as many species will change to a larger size class as they grow older. loss of functional diversity of fish due to intense fishing causing ecosystem - wide effects in mediterranean sublittoral rocky reefs - ↑ thorne - miller boyce ( 1999 ) the living ocean : understanding and protecting marine biodiversity. united states of america 213p - ↑ 2. 0 2. 1 2. 2 2. 3 dobson m. and frid c. ( 1998 ). ecology of aquatic systems. addison wesley longman limited : edingburgh, ( england ). p222 - ↑ http : / / eunis. eea. europa. eu / habitats. jsp - ↑ http : / / oceanworld. tamu. edu - ↑ from " fishing down marine food webs ' as an integrative concept " by daniel pauly ( university of british columbia, canada ), proceedings of the expo ' 98 conference on ocean food webs and economic productivity, online at the community research and development information page - ↑ http : / / www. bigelow. org - ↑ http : / / www. waterencyclopedia. com / images please note that others may also have edited the contents of this article.


pelican beach resort there are over ten diverse cultures present in belize, many of which still place great importance on traditional activities and practices that span generations. these traditions are often rooted in practicality and provide great benefits to those that keep them going. in southern belize, two of the most prominent cultural groups are the garifuna and the maya. these groups still continue with many daily practices started by their ancestors. - schedule a " garifuna cultural experience ", on a cassava baking day near a small farm. learn how to grate the manioc root, strain, sieve, and bake on an open hearth. then enjoy the finished cassava biscuit with serre la sus - fresh fished sauteed in coconut milk with mashed plantains. - pass by a neighborhood wake, " 9 night " or " dugu " and share in the honoring of garifuna ancestor spirits via drumming and song. a " 9 night " is similar to a wake and is held as a memorial usually 9 nights after someone has been buried. - garifuna songs and dances are vehicles for teaching newer generations about their history. these dances are filled with meaning, and an evening of entertainment can be arranged with a local dance group. visit the village of maya center at the entrance to the cockscomb basin wildlife sanctuary and : - shop at the women ' s craft cooperative, where mayan women sell souvenirs crafted from materials found in the nearby tropical forest - visit the maya museum and learn more about the rich history of the maya in belize - walk the medicinal trails inside the sanctuary itself, and learn the myriad uses for some of the herbs and plants that grow within the cockscomb basin.


the unique design of literature & thought provides the literature and teaching support you need to meet the challenges of the common core english language arts curriculum. close reading strategies writing to sources appropriate text complexity academic vocabulary support text dependent questions and tasks essential questions ( whole book ) and cluster questions ( units ) focus on developing specific critical thinking skills through careful reading, textual analysis, discussion, and writing activities. outstanding literature and content - rich nonfiction and informational texts engage student ' s interest and focus attention on the critical thinking questions. selections provide the text complexity and academic vocabulary required by the common core state standards ( ccss ). new! professional learning — interactive online courses with experts from the great books foundation in close reading of literary texts, strategic reading of informational texts, and more are included with each teacher package. new! interactive whiteboard lessons — explicit modeling and instruction of critical thinking and reading skills, writing rubrics, and much more. new! expanded teacher guides — informational text strategies, citing evidence to support analyses and claims, practice with academic vocabulary, specific support for ccss in each selection ( including detailed ccss correlations ), and multiple assessment options. great books discussion guides for teachers — specific questioning strategies developed by the great books foundation supporting close text reading and discussion.


12 / 03 / 2007 - american indian children are overrepresented in the nation ' s foster care system at more than 1. 6 times the expected level, according to a new report by the national indian child welfare association and the national, nonpartisan kids are waiting campaign, a project of the pew charitable trusts. the report was released nov. 20 at the annual national convention of the national congress of american indians in denver. ncai has been a partner with nicwa on several child welfare initiatives. the report, ' ' time for reform : a matter of justice for american indian and alaska native children, ' ' details how congress created the mechanisms for foster care funding that excluded indian children who are receiving case management from tribal social services. states receive about $ 7 billion from the title iv - e fund in 2006, which accounts for 50 percent of the federal child welfare funds provided to state - administrated foster care. david simmons, nicwa director of government affairs and advocacy, spoke at the event at which the report was released and said that state governments can access up to seven different federal programs to provide foster care programs. tribal governments, who carry approximately 15, 000 foster child caseloads every year, can only access up to five federal programs and are excluded from directly accessing the largest source of federal child welfare funding in meeting the needs of the children and families in their care. read the full article native children overrepresented in foster care, report finds on indian country today web site.


o ye, of little faith this is the rebuke levelled at the disciples of christ, when seeming to doubt his divinity. the phrase is also more widely used to describe any christian doubter. in a secular setting it may be intended as a humorous jibe when doubting someone ' s abilities. there are several places in the bible in which this phrase is used with reference to those who demonstrate their lack of faith in jesus ' power to perform miracles. here is an example from miles coverdale ' s bible, 1535 : luke 12 : 27 considre the lilies vpo the felde, how they growe : they laboure not, they spynne not. but i saye vnto you : that euen salomen in all his royalte was not clothed like one of these. luke 12 : 28 wherfore yf god so cloth the grasse, yt is to daye in ye felde, and tomorow shalbe cast in to the fornace, how moch more shal he clothe you, o ye of litle faith? in the 17th century, the people that we would now call atheists were called nullfidians. the state of insufficient faith was also of common enough interest to be given a name - petty fidianism. john trapp, in his commentary on the gospel of matthew, 1647, recorded the term : " o ye of little faith. ye petty fidians ; he calleth them not nullifidians. "


the onions are the nests of the pikmin. olimar named them so because of their resemblance to a vegetable native to his home planet. these bulbous plant - hives have brightly colored bodies with a black and white band across the midsection. at the spots the onions land at the start of each day, there are concentric circles on the ground, which are never referred to in - game. three stilt - like legs suspend the onions out of the reach of hungry predators, and provide access to the inside for pikmin. in pikmin, olimar states that he inspected the onion ' s legs, and saw they were covered with tiny little hairs. there are three known types of onion, each with unique coloration corresponding to either red, yellow or blue pikmin, and only one of each has ever been seen. subterranean pikmin species such as purple pikmin, white pikmin and bulbmin do not have onions, or at least none that have yet been discovered. during the daytime, pikmin hunt and bring food, such as pellets or slain beasts, to the onion, which in turn produces new pikmin seeds. if there are fewer than 100 pikmin on the field, the seeds are ejected and take root in the ground ; if not, they are stored inside the onion, along with any other pikmin not on the field. when night falls and all the pikmin have returned, the onion folds its legs and lifts off from the ground, presumably using its flower petals like rotor blades to propel itself into the low atmosphere, where it hovers until daybreak. if an onion loses all its pikmin, it will produce a single seed the following day to prevent extinction. when the onions are first discovered in pikmin, they are dormant. they have a dark grayish color, are flowerless, and their legs are buried in the ground until olimar comes upon them, at which point they spring to life and spit out a single seed. it is not known exactly what triggers this hibernation. in pikmin 3, a mechanical spherical object with legs that resembles an onion is shown. however, it isn ' t confirmed what this object does. red onion the red onion is the first onion to be discovered in both games. in pikmin, the red onion is found at the impact site, dormant in the ground not far from where the s. s. dolphin crashed. once awakened, it will


the red onion is the first onion to be discovered in both games. in pikmin, the red onion is found at the impact site, dormant in the ground not far from where the s. s. dolphin crashed. once awakened, it will release a single red pikmin seed which olimar can use to harvest nearby red pellet posies and spawn enough pikmin to retrieve the main engine. in pikmin 2, louie finds this onion in the valley of repose when he falls out of the ship ' s cockpit and gets lost. yellow onion the second onion the player will come across in both games. in pikmin, it is found dormant in the forest of hope amidst several yellow pellet posies and free - standing yellow pellets. in pikmin 2, the yellow onion is located in the perplexing pool behind a poison gate protected by a fiery bulblax, so white pikmin and red pikmin are required to reach it. there are a few yellow pellet posies nearby which will not regrow once they ' ve been harvested. blue onion in pikmin, it can be found in the forest navel in a pool near the landing site, and is the third onion the player discovers. several blue pellet posies are in the immediate vicinity, as well as a free - standing blue 5 pellet. in pikmin 2, the blue onion is located in the awakening wood ; although it can be seen relatively early in the game, it lies behind an electric gate, meaning that yellow pikmin from the perplexing pool are required to access it. a small pool blocks the only direct path up to the gate, so the pikmin must be thrown onto a nearby ledge ( while taking care not to disturb the cloaking burrow - nit lying in wait there ). the captain can then walk around through some water to reach them, and order them to defeat the beast and demolish the gate, allowing him to find the game ' s first 5 blue pikmin. for some unknown reason, when landing on an area, the blue onion seems to hover a bit before landing, therefore landing slower than the red onion and yellow onion. at the end of pikmin, there is a rather confusing part where fourteen onions, of colors that have not appeared in a pikmin game so far, fly above the planet of the pikmin. it is unknown whether they are trying to follow captain olimar or


, there is a rather confusing part where fourteen onions, of colors that have not appeared in a pikmin game so far, fly above the planet of the pikmin. it is unknown whether they are trying to follow captain olimar or merely hovering for the night. this could mean that more colors may yet be introduced in pikmin 3. interestingly, one of the onions seen is purple, and purple pikmin were indeed introduced in pikmin 2, but without an onion. in super smash bros. brawl in brawl, the three onions appear as a trophy and on the " distant planet " stage. here, when a pellet is thrown into one, an item is ejected. the number on the pellet thrown is the amount of items that will appear. more items will appear if the pellet and onion have the same color, similar to the way it works in the pikmin games. the onions can also be hit, and will eventually fly away. brawl trophy description " items considered to be the places where pikmin are born. as to the actual biology of the process, much is still unclear. onions absorb the prey that pikmin capture and use it to produce new pikmin. in addition, onions can take in pikmin and later release them. these organisms are crowned with distinctive propeller - like sets of leaves that spin around, enabling them to fly. " - for the music in the forest of hope, at some points, the propeller petals of an onion can be heard. - when olimar first came upon the red onion in pikmin, he was knocked over by one of the legs as it sprang out of the ground. when he finds the other two later on in the game, he is a little more cautious and backs away. - if, on a day where olimar or louie finds an onion, and enters a cave after whistling the wild pikmin, the onion will be at the landing site when the cave is left.


the fortunes of war favoured hrothgar.... so his mind turned to hall - building : he handed down orders for men to work on a great mead - hall meant to be a wonder of the world forever... – from beowulf ( trans. seamus heaney ) back in the 7th century ( thereabouts ), once one had vanquished thine enemies and smite their lands, the task that lay before any great warrior was to build a great mead - hall — in short, now that the fields of neighbouring barley had been plundered, it was time to get down and build a drinking palace of epic proportions. beowulf, the founding tale of english literature, now a horrendous relic of a 3d film, teaches us all this traditional lesson : never let a great victory go by without a tremendous amount of post - traumatic drinking. thankfully, western civilization has evolved beyond the thick, syrupy honey - broth known as mead. mead is closer to a meal. with the aftertaste of rancid honey and the consistency of oatmeal, even the mediaeval knights were increasingly unable to down this alcoholic stew. the mead - hall withered into disrepair. hrothgar ' s descendents were eaten and avenged by the monsters of cain. with the enlightenment came refinements in the aesthetics of booze. after the reinheitsgebot was ratified in 1516 — better known as the bavarian purity laws — there was at least some sense as to what beer should ( and should not ) be. a century before galileo searched the heavens and spinoza perfected eyeglasses and ethics, the germans ensured some order to the coming celebration of the copernican revolution : beer should consist of water, barley, and hops. of course this was quickly fooled with. thanks to post - enlightenment scientists concerned with better states of drunk — louis pasteur, actually, in the late 19th century — yeast was identified as the active agent in recycled sediment ; thereafter it was intentionally added. wheat malt and cane sugar were toyed with, along with all matter of strange flavours in the mash, from grapefruit to pumpkins, cinnamon and other spices to apples and oranges. barley was originally singled out to keep the beermakers from using up all the breadmakers ' dough ( the peasant population could not be drunk all the time — they had to eat something ). once agriculture became proto - industrialized and the guild laws disin


although diesel was born in paris, his parents were german. his father was a leather craftsman, and his mother a governess and language tutor. rudolf was a good student in primary school and was admitted at the age of 12 to the ecole primaire superieure, then regarded as the best in paris. on the outbreak of the franco - prussian war, however, he and his parents were considered enemy aliens, and were deported to neutral asylum in london. a cousin helped him to return to his father ' s home town, augsburg, where he entered the royal county trade school. from there he won a scholarship to the technische hochschule of munich, where he was an outstanding student. he became a protege of carl von linde, the pioneer of refrigeration. he was a devout lutheran. after graduation, he was employed for two years as a machinist and designer in winterthur, switzerland. after this, he returned to paris, where he was employed as a refrigeration engineer at linde refrigeration enterprises. in paris he became a connoisseur of the fine arts and an internationalist. he married in 1883, and had three children. he set up his first shop - laboratory in 1885 in paris, and began full - time work on his engine. this continued when he moved to berlin, working again for linde enterprises. in 1892 he was granted a german patent for the engine, and found some support for its continued development, this time in augsburg. rudolf diesel developed the idea of an engine that relied on a high compression of the fuel to ignite it, eliminating the spark plug used in the nikolaus otto internal combustion engine. he received a patent for the device on february 23, 1892 and a major milestone was achieved when he was able to run a single piston engine for one minute on february 17, 1894. the engine was fueled by powdered coal injected with compressed air. this machine stood 10 feet ( 3 m ) tall, and achieved a compression of 80 atmospheres ( 8100 kpa ). he built an improved prototype in early 1897 while working at the maschinenfabrik augsburg ( from 1906 on the man ) plant at augsburg. diesel ' s engine had some similarities with an engine invented by herbert akroyd stuart in 1890. diesel was embroiled for some years in various patent disputes and arguments over priority, but in the end he prevailed, and his invention came to be called the diesel engine. he continued its development over the next


herbert akroyd stuart in 1890. diesel was embroiled for some years in various patent disputes and arguments over priority, but in the end he prevailed, and his invention came to be called the diesel engine. he continued its development over the next three years, began production ( the first commercial engine was at a brewery in the united states ), and secured licenses from firms in several countries. he became a millionaire. diesel was something of an unstable character, having several nervous breakdowns, and was somewhat paranoid at times. he defended his priority of invention tenaciously. diesel toured the united states as a lecturer in 1904, and he self - published a two volume work on his social philosophy. he died under suspicious circumstances during a crossing of the english channel to harwich on september 29, 1913, possibly by suicide. a cross in his journal on the date he died was an indicator of suicide. a briefcase containing a very small sum of money and a large amount of bank statements showing debts, was left to his wife, martha. another theory revolves around the german military, which was beginning to use his engines on their submarines — something which mr. diesel opposed — and perhaps feared his potentially providing the technology to the british royal navy for use in their own submarines. his body was found in the channel a few days later. as was usual at the time, the seamen only took his belongings ( identified later by diesel ' s younger son eugen ) and then threw the body back into the sea. after diesel ' s death, the diesel engine underwent much further development, and became a very important replacement for the steam engine in many applications. this engine required a heavier, more robust construction than the gasoline engine, making it unsuitable for certain applications ( such as aviation ), but allowed the use of cheaper fuels. diesel was especially interested in using coal dust or vegetable oil as fuel for the engine, but this never materialized in any major way, at least until recent rises in fuel prices and concerns about oil reserves lead to more widespread use of vegetable oil and biodiesel — most diesel engines will function just as well using either. but the primary source of fuel has been what became known as diesel fuel, an oil byproduct derived from the refining of petroleum. the diesel engine became widespread in many other applications, such as stationary engines, submarines, ships, and much later, locomotives. recently, diesel engines have been designed, certified and flown that have overcome the weight penalty in light aircraft. these engines are designed to run on either diesel fuel or more


i recently watched a bbc documentary entitled out of africa, a five - part series chronicling the migration of homo sapiens out of africa and into asia, australia, europe, and the americas. although all five parts were fascinating, i was particularly rapt by the arrival of homo sapiens ( modern humans ) into europe some 40, 000 years ago after a 70, 000 year trek out of africa, only to discover that neanderthals, a proto - human and distant cousin had arrived some 100, 000 years earlier. neanderthals were a heartier, huskier species than homo sapiens, had a larger brain and more advanced technology, and had long since adapted to harsh european winters. however, 20, 000 years or so later, neanderthals had died out — completely. to this day, no neanderthal genetic markers have been found in modern humans. how is it possible that a physically more powerful, better environmentally adapted, and technologically more advanced proto - human did not survive, while homo sapiens, the weaker, less advanced interloper, not only survived but burgeoned to eventually populate the entire globe and create the marvelously modern societies of today? paleoanthropologists hot on the homo sapien trail out of africa have discovered in europe a marked difference between homo sapiens and neanderthals : homo sapiens may not have produced better weapons and tools, at least then, but they did make a quantum leap to produce art. they carved, pottered, sculpted, painted, and even made musical instruments, all with an eye on style rather than just making meaningless pretty. more importantly, their art embodied and transmitted — as art does — their identity, spirituality, and, their strong affinity for community. early homo sapien art strongly suggests that our predecessors engaged in an intellectual endeavor to create a unique and dynamic culture and to communicate that culture through art. homo sapien civilization, it seems, was predicated on the notion that life must be more than just survival, and that working together to survive allowed room for higher pursuit. conversely, there is no evidence of this intellectual “ artsy ” undertaking among neanderthals, who seem to have clung to a strictly utilitarian life for survival, which, ironically, led to their extinction when europe became encased in 13 feet of ice. because homo sapiens had cultivated a common cultural bond and strong communal ties, they were able to come together and huddle together, literally and figuratively, and, although


, led to their extinction when europe became encased in 13 feet of ice. because homo sapiens had cultivated a common cultural bond and strong communal ties, they were able to come together and huddle together, literally and figuratively, and, although large numbers perished during the ice age, enough adapted to a starkly altered environment and survived to carry on to become “ us. ” neanderthals, on the other hand, were literally and figuratively left out in the cold — to perish everlastingly. the inevitable machinations of evolution are tied up in minute and initially imperceptible changes over vast stretches in time to produce an optimum species. our ancient ancestors, homo sapiens, and their distant cousins, neanderthals, hardly understood the long - term repercussions of their actions because they did not have the benefit of eons and eons of the recorded “ heart and mind ” of humankind nor the technology to access it. they could not look back thousands, hundreds of thousands, and millions of years and make decisions about their survival and their future based on that knowledge. but we can — and like it or not, we are a global community and our well - being and survival will likely depend upon our ability to indiscriminately come together and “ huddle ” together against adversity. but make no mistake about it, whatever path humankind chooses, evolution will be our judge about whether or not we chose wisely. photo credit : wikimedia commons


geoscience experts have developed a system of smart buoys that can predict the formation of self - reinforcing underwater waves, or solitons, 10 hours before they threaten the safety of oil rigs and divers. in 2008, martin goff and his colleagues at fugros, a geoscience consulting agency, successfully tested the system for three months in the andaman sea. now, global ocean associates have acknowledged the device as " the first deployed system with real - time warning capability. " scientists discover ancient rocks on the sea - floor that give them a window into the earth ' s mantle by gregory mone posted 04. 14. 2008 at 8 : 28 am 0 comments no, you can ' t hike or spelunk or even tunnel down to the center of the earth, even if movies like the core or this summer ' s 3d adventure flick, journey to the center of the earth, suggest otherwise. to find out about our planet ' s insides, scientists rely on very different tricks. and, apparently, a little luck. five amazing, clean technologies that will set us free, in this month ' s energy - focused issue. also : how to build a better bomb detector, the robotic toys that are raising your children, a human catapult, the world ' s smallest arcade, and much more.