isle royale travelog the history of isle royale the island of isle royale has had a long and varied history. the island itself came into being around 1. 2 billion years ago in the precambrian era. continuous pounding by wind, rain, and glaciers have molded the island into its current configuration, a wilderness measuring 45 miles long by 8. 5 miles wide, and covering an area of more than 850 square miles. the island lies some 40 miles north of michigan ' s upper peninsula and 18 miles south of ontario, canada in the heart of lake superior. it is estimated that man may have arrived on the island as early as 7000b. c. white explorers, namely french, began to explore the region in the late 17th century in search of copper. they also bestowed upon the island its formal name, isle royale. the possible importance of the island as a source for natural resources was not overlooked in 1783 when benjamin franklin negotiated the treaty of paris, insisting that the island be included in united states territory. although the island lies closer to the state of minnesota, michigan gained control of the island in 1873. industry on the island has come in two forms, fishing and mining, both of which have had difficulty in sustaining a livelihood for settlers. while exploration had begun in the late 17th century, real attempts at taking advantage of the island ' s resources did not begin in earnest until the 1800 ' s as fisherman moved into the area in search of trout and white fish. even so, the life of commercial enterprises on the island were often short - lived due to the remote and rugged characteristics of the island. the american fur company began a fishing camp on belle isle in 1837. within 2 years they had opened 7 camps and employed 33 people, only to close down the operation in 1841. attempts at mining began in 1843 and continued on and off until the end of the 19th century. minong mine became the largest mine in the 1870 ' s and the town was home to approximately 150 workers and their families. in 1875, isle royale county was established with the town of island mine being the county seat and the minong settlement being a separate township. lack of prosperity led to the decline of both the mining and fishing industries, although a small fishing enclave still remains today. wildlife is a large part of isle royale and one of the main attractions for visitors and researchers. the fluctuating moose and wolf populations have been a source of research and study for years. other species inhabiting the island include bats, fox, beaver, red squirrels, hares,


royale and one of the main attractions for visitors and researchers. the fluctuating moose and wolf populations have been a source of research and study for years. other species inhabiting the island include bats, fox, beaver, red squirrels, hares, american toads, several types of frogs, and the western painted turtle. birds visible and audible on the island include the common loon, various types of geese, ducks and gulls, hawks, eagles, osprey, owls, woodpeckers, chickadees, warblers, wrens, swallows, sparrows, thrushes, and kingfishers. additional points of interest for visitors include the trees and plants of the island. prominent tree species include birch, aspen, spruce and fir. wood lily, wild prickly rose, canada dogwood, eastern columbine, wild iris, and thimbleberry are among the many flowering plants visible among the forests of the island. the island was designated a national park on april 3, 1940 and designated an international biosphere reserve in 1980. tourism remains the largest industry on the island, which serves as a destination for avid hikers, campers, and kayakers. the island includes more than 165 miles of hiking trails, two visitor centers ( rock harbor and windigo ) and several campgrounds. dufresne, jim. isle royale national park : foot trails & water routes. seattle, wa : the mountaineers, 1991. larson, karen. " wild archipelago ". cruising world. august 1994 : 46. isle royale national park. national park service. 15 october 2001 < http : / / www. nps. gov / isro >. isle royale travelog copyright ©2001 alexandra van doren & carol whittaker. all rights reserved. reproduction by any means, in part or in full, without the express permission of the authors, is strictly prohibited.


one of the most difficult genealogical tasks you may face in researching your italian roots is in tracing the ancestry of an italian foundling. known in italy as trovatelli or proietti, a foundling is a child abandoned at birth, for one reason or another. the most common is that the child was born out of wedlock, but others, such as ; the family being to poor to care for another child, are not unheard of. these infants were usually left at a foundling home. the foundling homes were a place where italian women could legally abandon their children, with complete anonymity ( although, often times, especially in small towns, the identity of at least the mother was generally known ). sometimes children were left with tokens to indicate their parentage, in the event the mother or father should ever want to reclaim them, although, this was rare. after the child was abandoned, their birth would be registered in the stato di civile, under a name the mayor or other town official would give the child. these names were made up by the town official, some of the names were unique ( such as one i have in my ancestry, clemanni ), others were generic names given to many foundlings, such as ; esposito ( literally meaning " exposed " ). after the infant ' s birth was registered, they were placed in the care of a woman who recently had given birth to a child ( usually one that had recently lost a child ). these women were called, wet nurses. the roles these women had in the child ' s life varied greatly. some took the child in, simply to collect money given to them by the town to care for the child, others treated them as their own, sometimes even giving the child their own surname. often times, family lore and myths existed about the child ' s parents. a common one is that the foundling was the child of a nobleman. these stories, while not always untrue, can stem from a variety of sources. one being that the mother made the claims while pregnant ( to dignify to some extent something that was a social taboo at the time ). secondly being that when the child was born, he / she was given a name by the town official, that sounded " noble " ( della luna, for instance ). whatever the case, while these stories are fun to think about, always take them with a grain of salt. birth records for foundlings can be found in the registri dell


official, that sounded " noble " ( della luna, for instance ). whatever the case, while these stories are fun to think about, always take them with a grain of salt. birth records for foundlings can be found in the registri dello stato civile, atti di nascita ( birth acts ) of the child ' s town of origin, usually in parte ii. these records rarely give the parents names ( as previously stated, their identity was to be kept secret if they chose it to be ). if his or her parents recognized the child, these records can usually be found in the atti diversi ( misc. acts ) for the year of the child ' s birth. other records that can help you in tracing your foundling ancestor ' s genealogy are marriage records and baptism records. marriage records would be found in the registri dello stato civile, atti di matrimonio ( marriage acts ), whereas baptism records ( battesimo ) are maintained by the church where he / she was baptized, and can be hard to obtain. again, tracing the ancestry of a foundling can be incredibly difficult, and sometimes, impossible, so to familiarize oneself with the common procedures that took place is very important. foundling history in italy is complex, and i couldn ' t begin to go through all the variables in one post. this is just an attempt to help you understand the general process. a valuable resource for further research is the book ‘ sacrificed for honor : italian infant abandonment and the politics of reproductive control ’ by david i. kertzer.


affecting both men and women, “ heart disease ” refers to conditions that affect the function of the heart, such as coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias. coronary artery disease is a type of heart disease that begins when plaque builds up along the walls of arteries. this buildup narrows the arteries, restricting proper blood flow. if left unchecked, heart disease increases the risk of heart attack and stroke. whether or not you have a family history of heart disease, it ’ s important to understand the risk factors for the condition, which include : - hypertension ( high blood pressure ) - sedentary lifestyle - obesity, especially excess fat in the central abdominal region - elevated cholesterol - diabetes mellitus ( metabolic disorder resulting in elevated blood glucose ) practicing a healthy lifestyle, which includes good nutrition and exercise, is a good way to help prevent heart disease. most people should engage in at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise most days of the week. this helps control blood pressure and weight. talk with your primary care doctor before beginning any exercise program. as for diet and nutrition, choosing the right foods, such as fruits, vegetables and lean proteins, and avoiding excessive amounts of caffeine, sugar and salt also are good ways to prevent heart disease. additionally, adults should have periodic preventive health exams and testing so that fasting cholesterol and glucose levels, as well as blood pressure, can be checked and treated, if necessary. while there is no one symptom that signals the onset of heart disease, there are a number of warning signs. some of the most common include : - chest pain or pressure - unexplained pain in the back, chest, neck or arm - shortness of breath or difficulty breathing - palpitations or “ fluttering ” in the chest - indigestion, heartburn – and sometimes even nausea or loss of appetite although these symptoms can indicate heart disease, they also may be related to many other conditions. generally, i recommend contacting your doctor if you have new or unusual symptoms to ensure you are properly evaluated. if your doctor suspects heart disease, he or she will likely refer you for further testing.


| digital evidence - science insider reported january 2009 what is cyber forensics? the subset of forensic science concerned with interpreting evidence contained in computers and digital media is called cyber forensics. the field is concerned with issues such as recovering lost data and revealing and decrypting data hidden on a suspect ' s computer. in addition to computers, cyber forensics specialists can also recover information from cellular phones, mp3 players, cds, dvds and more. approximately 80 to 90 percent of legal cases today involve some sort of digital evidence. what ' s a flasher box? a flasher box is a device that transfers data from a cell phone to a computer, where people unfamiliar with the device in question can examine files for evidence. with one of these devices, non - experts are able to check for clues that may help them solve cases, even if they have never before seen a similar device. the institute of electrical and electronics engineers, inc., contributed to the information contained in the tv portion of this report. if you would like more information, please contact : richard p. mislan purdue university, cyber forensics lab west lafayette, in 47907 - 2021 institute of electrical and electronics engineers, inc. ieee - usa washington, dc 20036 - 5104 on the web... cyber forensics lab - purdue university


recently i came to the conclusion middle school students need instruction on how to effectively reflect on their writing. i just got done handing back my 7th graders book reviews. my classroom is essentially paperless and they had to complete the assignment using google docs. as i grade papers, whether it is 7th or 8th grade, i make notes on the areas my students struggle with throughout the particular writing assignment. throughout this assignment, students struggled with basic spelling, sentence structure, and capitalization. in addition, students struggled with one major concept with the review, which was the compare / contrast section of the review. upon returning the student ’ s papers i asked the students to have me help them. i was frustrated with them not following directions. after all, i am well into the second semester and i needed them to realize their mistakes were nothing more then following simple directions. when i asked them what i can do to make them more successful … silence. why couldn ’ t my students reflect on their own writing, or even their own work so i could help them grow? after discussing with a colleague who had taught english before, we both came to the conclusion middle school students don ’ t know how to reflect on their work. my students have writing portfolios, both physical and digital. in addition, i have given them reflection prompts for their past assignments, but in all honesty i feel confident my students are more or less going through the motions rather then thinking critically about their own writing and how they can make it better. the common core state standards say very little about reflection, but it is essential for creating a more rigorous classroom and for students to evaluate their own learning. so, what can we do as middle school english teachers to help students reflect on their writing? to be honest, i don ’ t have any solid answers. one strategy i have adopted for my students is for them to look at a specific comment i have placed on their document. then, they need to rewrite the comment and complete some tasks on a pre - made template i hand out to students. below are the tasks. 1. what was your initial response to the comment by mr. hyler? 2. in your own words rewrite what it is that mr. hyler commented on. 3. give an example of how you are going to make your writing better based on the comment by mr. hyler. 4. how are you going to apply what you learned from reflecting on your writing to future assignments? be specific. i am sure there are other ways for students to


guest speaker and candlelight memorial planned for holocaust remembrance day - release date : - november 1, 2012 - matt heidt, email @ example. com hamburg, n. y. – on november 8 hilbert college will pay tribute to those who lost their lives and survived the holocaust with a holocaust remembrance day event. the holocaust remembrance day has been planned by students as part of a service learning project in their representations of the holocaust class with professor dr. amy smith. the day ’ s events begin at 9 : 30 a. m. in the west herr atrium with a poster display of significant people and events associated with the holocaust including elie wiesel, the kindertransport, young adult literature about the holocaust, and others. at 9 : 45 a. m. in the west herr atrium, dr. herman stone will discuss his experiences during kristallnacht, a wave of violent anti - jewish attacks against individuals, businesses, and religious institutions that occurred on november 9 and 10, 1938. dr. stone was born in munich, germany and is currently a member of the speakers bureau of the holocaust resource center of buffalo. the presentation date of november 8 was chosen because of the closeness to the anniversary of kristallnacht. refreshments will be provided. an exhibit featuring works of art and literature created during and in memory of the holocaust will open at 12 : 30 p. m. in the lower level of the mcgrath library. the exhibit, put together by sarah karn, will show how the holocaust has been represented in a variety of moving and powerful ways. the events of the day will conclude with the showing of the film, “ the boy in the striped pajamas, ” at 3 : 15 p. m. in bogel hall, room 160. the movie portrays wwii as seen through the eyes of bruno, an eight year - old boy and the son of a commandant at a concentration camp, who befriends a jewish boy in the camp. a discussion about the issues and consequences that occur from the boys ’ friendship will take place afterwards. immediately following the film and discussion, a candlelight memorial honoring the millions of lives lost during the holocaust will take place in the quad area ( rain location will be in the back foyer of bogel hall ). holocaust remembrance day events are free and open to the public. additional information is available by contacting jerrell mason, student coordinator / event supervisor, at firstname. lastname @ example. org, or dr. amy smith at 716 - 649


from mozillazine knowledge base about : config is a feature of mozilla applications which lists application settings ( known as preferences ) that are read from the profile files prefs. js and user. js, and from application defaults. many of these preferences are not present in the options or preferences dialog. using about : config is one of several methods of modifying preferences and adding other " hidden " ones. this article is a companion article for about : config entries where the most important about : config variables are described. warning : modifying preferences can, in rare circumstances, break firefox, thunderbird or the mozilla suite, or can cause strange behavior. only do so if you know what you are doing or are following trustworthy advice. adding modifying and resetting preferences to add a new preference, context - click ( right - click ) anywhere in the list of preferences. in the context menu, select new then select the type of preference you are adding. to modify an existing preference, context - click ( right - click ) on the preference, select modify and type in the new value. in some cases, toggle will be the selection offered for boolean ( true - false ) preferences. to reset a preference to its default value or to remove an added preference, context - click ( right - click ) on the preference and select reset. if you added the entry via about : config, the preference will no longer be listed after restarting the program. ( for more information about resetting preferences, see this article ). you can use the " search " bar at the top of the about : config page ( " filter " bar in older versions ) to filter the preferences that you want to inspect. the search bar is case - insensitive, unlike the actual configuration variables. some examples to filter results : some examples of regular expressions ( regexp ) to filter results


the mekong, a precious jewel of southeast asia, has become a critical battleground between hydropower dam projects and the survival of the world ’ s greatest freshwater fisheries. the future of this 4, 880 km ( 3032 miles ) long river may well be decided by what happens to the xayaburi mega - dam project in laos, the first of a cascade of 11 dam projects on the lower mekong. ame trandem from the ngo international rivers explained that, “ the mekong river is the lifeblood of southeast asia, feeding and employing millions of people. to move forward with the xayaburi dam would be reckless and irresponsible, as the dam would fatally impact the river ’ s ecosystem and fisheries. ” in spite of repeated reports that the xayaburi dam project had been suspended pending further scientific studies, a recent visit to the dam - site has suggested that the lao government has not bowed to international pressure. as a world wildlife fund analysis recently warned, “ construction work is marching ahead at the xayaburi dam site in northern laos and risks making a mockery of the decision last december by mekong countries to delay building the dam on the mekong mainstream. ” in december 2011 the four - member nations of the mekong river commission – cambodia, laos, thailand, and vietnam – agreed that no dams should be built until further scientific studies of the negative impacts on all the riparian countries had been completed. scientists have warned that if the 11 dams are built it could bring on an ecological disaster that harms many of the 877 mekong fish species. furthermore, it is the uninhibited flow of the mekong through the heart of southeast asia and the river ’ s bountiful natural resources that guarantees 65 million people ’ s food security. although cambodia and vietnam are determined to stop the dam, everything indicates that the thai developer ch. karnchang and the lao people ’ s democratic republic ( pdr ) are equally determined to build it. in this context, a failure to resolve the dam issue could also trigger a major diplomatic row among the mekong nations, undermining the credibility of the mrc and disrupting international cooperation along the region ’ s most important waterway. “ the xayaburi dam will trigger an ecological crisis of tremendous proportions. we urge the prime ministers of laos and thailand to show leadership by cancelling this project, ” shalmali guttal of focus on the global south, a member of the 263 coalition of ngos from 51 nations


trigger an ecological crisis of tremendous proportions. we urge the prime ministers of laos and thailand to show leadership by cancelling this project, ” shalmali guttal of focus on the global south, a member of the 263 coalition of ngos from 51 nations said in a statement condemning the damn. in response to this opposition, lao foreign minister, thongloun sisoulithmade announced during last month ’ s asean fm summit that his country was suspending work on the xayaburi dam until further studies on its impact could be done. although opponents of the dam welcomed vientiane ’ s announcement, they soon were disappointed. soon after the lao government ’ s announcements, a number of diplomats, mrc officials, experts, and donors visited laos to see the site. after the visit some mrc observers then asserted that, “ the project is in an advanced preparation stage with exploratory excavation in and around the river completed. ” similarly, international rivers concluded in their own unofficial investigation of the dam - site in june, that, “ the dredging and widening of river has already taken place. ” meanwhile back in bangkok, ch. karnchang, the thai developer of the us $ 3. 8 billion project, said the dam was going ahead with no delays in the original timetable. initial construction has evidently started, however. has the laotian government then reneged on its international commitments? deputy minister for energy and mines viraphonh viravonghas denied any violation of the mrc agreements. instead he contended that all the construction done so far falls under the rubric of “ preparatory work, ” noting that the construction “ does not involve permanent structures ” and instead is mostly about building makeshift housing for construction workers. but fisheries experts say that long before the river is fully blocked, existing construction will disturb the riverbed enough to significantly affect fish populations and the flow of sediments downstream. dr. jian - hua meng, a sustainable hydropower specialist working at the wwf, argues that, “ this will be the first direct intervention in the riverbed, and will mark a milestone in the ongoing dam construction. ” according to a wwf report, which was strongly critical of the dam project, viraphonh viravong, laos ’ s deputy minister of energy and mines, contradicted the foreign minister when he allegedly told the mrc - led delegation that the project would proceed without further reviews. since september 2010 ongoing consultations based on the mrc regulatory framework has resulted in the lao government trying to answer the


mines, contradicted the foreign minister when he allegedly told the mrc - led delegation that the project would proceed without further reviews. since september 2010 ongoing consultations based on the mrc regulatory framework has resulted in the lao government trying to answer the strong objections from cambodia and vietnam. unsatisfied, vietnam has called for a 10 - year moratorium on dam construction. to answer these objections laos appointed two foreign consultants : the swiss – based poyry energy and french company cnr ( compagnie nationale du rhone ). still, cambodia and vietnam remain convinced that any dam will block fish migration and reduce the flow of sediment. both foreign consultants argue that fish ladders or fish passes can enable 85 % of all fish to get past the turbines and successfully swim up or down river but this claim has not been fully tested. indeed, many dismissed poyry ’ s previous report - a compliance review of the xayaburi dam in 2011 regarding the consultation process with its neighbors - as lacking the necessarily scientific data. it ’ s also worth noting that the finnish - based poyry has been blacklisted by the world bank for unrelated corruption charges that have led the ceo to resign. this calls into question its credibility. very different advice to the lao government came from the visiting u. s. secretary of state hillary clinton, who said last month that, “ i ’ ll be very honest with you ; we made a lot of mistakes …. we ’ ve learned some hard lessons about what happens when you make certain infrastructure decisions, and i think that we all can contribute to helping the nations of the mekong region avoid the mistakes that we and others made. ” washington is also concerned that if the xayaburi dam goes ahead, china is lined up to build at least three more dams further down the mekong thus penetrating ever deeper into the mekong sub - region. ngos representing people from the eight provinces in northeast thailand are about to file legal action in the courts to force the thai government to review the contract with the electricity generating authority of thailand ( egat ), the state ’ s electricity body. thailand has agreed to buy 95 % of all the power generated from the xayaburi dam. the thai government has quietly endorsed the mrc consensus that further scientific study is needed. now ngos are demanding that the thai government do more and use its power to freeze the xayaburi / egat contract, which in turn would pressure the thai dam - builder karnchang to halt the project. according to


you just heard you have a math test on friday — the same day as your big history test and weekly quiz on spanish verbs. are they crazy? how will you get all your studying done? don ' t panic. there are some secrets to good studying. these 5 study tips can help you take tests with confidence. 1. start studying in school studying for tests and quizzes actually starts way before you even know you ' ll have a test. good study techniques begin in the classroom as you take notes. note - taking is a way of remembering what you were taught or what you ' ve read about. some keys to note - taking are to write down facts that a teacher mentions or writes on the board during class. if you miss something, ask your teacher to go over the facts with you after class. keep your notes organized by subject and making sure they ' re easy to read and review. this may mean that you need to recopy some notes at home or during a free period while the class is still fresh in your mind. unfortunately, most schools don ' t have classes that teach you how to take notes. when it comes to taking good notes, it can take some experimenting to figure out what works, so don ' t give up. when you sit down to study, think about how much time you want to devote to each topic. this will keep you from getting overwhelmed. if it ' s monday, and you ' ve got three tests on friday, figure out how much time you need for studying between now and then. then figure out how long each subject will take. for example, a weekly spanish verb test probably won ' t be as intense as a big history test. so you won ' t need to set aside as much study time for the spanish test — and if you break it up into a short amount every night, that ' s even better. another study technique is called " chunking " — breaking large topics down into chunks. let ' s say you have a history test on world war ii. instead of thinking about studying all of world war ii ( which could overwhelm even an expert ), try breaking your study sessions into 2 - year chunks or studying the material by specific battles. most people can concentrate well for about 45 minutes. after that you ' ll probably want to take a short break. if you find yourself getting distracted and thinking about other things as you study, pull your attention back. remind yourself that when your 45 minutes of studying are up, you can take a 15 - minute break


' ll probably want to take a short break. if you find yourself getting distracted and thinking about other things as you study, pull your attention back. remind yourself that when your 45 minutes of studying are up, you can take a 15 - minute break. many teachers tell students ahead of time what the format of an exam will be. this can help you tailor how you study. for example, if you know you ' re going to have multiple - choice questions on world war ii, you ' ll know to focus on studying facts and details. but if the exam will contain essay questions, you ' ll want to think about which topics are most likely to be covered. then come up with several possible essay topics and use your notes, books, and other reference sources to figure out how you might answer questions on those topics. as you study, review your notes and any special information from your textbook. read things over several times if you need to, and write down any phrases or thoughts that will help you remember main ideas or concepts. when trying to memorize dates, names, or other factual information, keep in mind that it usually takes a number of tries to remember something correctly. that ' s one reason why it ' s a good idea to start studying well in advance of a test. use special memory triggers that the teacher may have suggested or ones that you invent yourself. in the case of math or science problems or equations, do some practice problems. pay special attention to anything the teacher seemed to stress in class. ( this is where good note - taking comes in handy! ) some people find it helps to teach what they ' re studying aloud to an imaginary student. or work with a study partner and take turns teaching aloud. another study technique is making flashcards that summarize some of the important facts or concepts. you can then use these to review for a test. it ' s tempting to put off studying until the last minute ( also known as procrastination ). unfortunately, by the time students get to high school there ' s so much going on that there ' s usually no room for procrastination. if you ' re a procrastinator ( and who isn ' t sometimes? ), one of the best ways to overcome it is by staying organized. after you ' ve written test dates and project due dates on a calendar, it ' s hard to ignore them. and sitting down to organize and plan your work really highlights how much time things take. organization makes it harder to procrastinate


. after you ' ve written test dates and project due dates on a calendar, it ' s hard to ignore them. and sitting down to organize and plan your work really highlights how much time things take. organization makes it harder to procrastinate. sometimes people put off studying because they feel overwhelmed by the fact that they ' re behind on things or they just feel really disorganized. don ' t let this happen to you. keep your notes organized, stay on top of required readings, and follow the other study tips mentioned earlier to stay focused and in control. your teachers will give you plenty of notice on important tests so you have enough time to study for the type of exam you ' ll be taking. but what if you ' re feeling overwhelmed by all the stuff you have to do? are classes or extracurricular activities limiting your time to study properly? ask your teachers for help prioritizing. you may need to involve the people in charge of your activities — such as your coach or music or drama teacher — in working out a solution. don ' t wait until the last minute to talk to your teachers, though, or you ' ll just look like a procrastinator! and don ' t be afraid to ask for help. teachers respect students who are thoughtful and interested in learning and doing well. sometimes it can be useful to go over things with people who are studying for the same test : you can make sure that your notes are correct and that you understand the subject. study groups are also helpful because you can work together to come up with ways to remember concepts and then test one another. for some people who are easily distracted, though, study groups spell disaster because they get off the topic. when you ' re with a bunch of friends or classmates, you may spend more time hanging out than actually studying. one way to ensure quiet and focus when studying with a group is to study in the library. you ' ll be forced to keep things more low - key than if you ' re at someone ' s kitchen table. in the end, it comes down to what works best for you. if you like to study alone and feel most confident doing it that way, that ' s great. if you think you ' d like to work in a group, try it out — just be aware of the drawbacks. when you ' ve finished studying, you should feel like you can approach the test or quiz with confidence — not necessarily that you will get 100 % of the answers correct, but that you have a


a stye is a small bump on your top or bottom eyelid, right where your eyelashes are. it can get red, swollen, and painful. styes form because a gland in your eye is clogged. they ' re too small to see, but you have lots of little glands in your eyelid. they make a special oil that mixes with your tears to keep your eyes wet even when you ' re not crying. sometimes old oil, skin cells, and dead germs get into a gland and clog it up so the oil can ' t get out. that makes the gland get bigger and bigger. ouch! that ' s when you ' ll feel a stye and see it, too. what you should do about a stye if you think you have a stye, tell a parent or the adult who ' s caring for you. a stye is usually a minor problem that can be treated. a parent can call your doctor to see if you should come in for a visit. or the doctor might just give your parent some advice over the phone. often, a doctor will recommend a nice warm washcloth. warmth will help unclog the gland and get the gunk to drain out. ask a grownup to get it to the right temperature if you ' re not sure ( you don ' t want to use hot water ). and wring it out so it ' s not too drippy. find a comfy place to relax and put the warm washcloth over your eye. do this a few times a day. if the washcloth gets cool, you can warm it back up with warm water. sometimes, your doctor might recommend watered - down baby soap as a gentle cleanser for your eye. you don ' t want to put any old soap in your eyes because it will burn! you ' ll need to see a doctor if your stye doesn ' t get better or if it gets worse. your doctor might give you a medicated cream or other medicine to take. how to prevent styes? to prevent styes, don ' t touch your eyes. that ' s how germs get in there. washing your hands regularly is a good idea, too. some kids get styes a lot. it might have something to do with the kind of skin they have. if that sounds like you, your doctor will have ideas on how to treat and prevent them.


andy ' s a good tennis player. correction : andy is a great tennis player. he loves the competition and intensity of the game and is known for his dominating serve. recently andy developed a sharp pain in his elbow. at first he thought nothing of it and continued his training, but the pain became unbearable. the pain was so bad he went to see his doctor, who informed him he had elbow bursitis. what is bursitis? from your head down to your big toes, your body has lots of differently shaped and sized joints. many have something in common near the area of the joint — a customized fluid sac that provides cushioning for movement and pressure. these small cushions are known as bursae ( a single one is called a bursa ). bursitis is the term used to describe inflammation or irritation of a bursa. bursitis can result from a direct hit or from repetitive joint movements ( like a tennis serve ). if a bursa becomes irritated, either by a direct hit or from a nearby joint repeating the same movement ( like a tennis serve ), then bursitis can occur. people can also get bursitis when the body has to change its balance or movement to adapt to differences ; for example, if a person has one leg that ' s longer than the other. bursitis, especially in teens, is often likely to happen because of sports - related injuries, usually from repeated use of a particular joint or trauma from a direct hit in a contact sport. it ' s not only sporty types who get bursitis, though. it can sometimes be caused by other problems, such as arthritis or a bacterial infection of the bursa. here are some of the areas in which teens most commonly get bursitis : elbow. because the elbow is an essential part of many activities, like throwing a ball or swinging a tennis racket, elbow bursitis is one of the most common types of bursitis in teens. knee. bursitis in the knee can be the result of falling directly on the knee or any activity that requires long periods of kneeling. hip. bursitis of the hip is often associated with running injuries. shoulder. bursitis of the shoulder can be the result of something as simple as an awkward fall or as complicated as a rotator cuff injury ( the rotator cuff keeps the shoulder secure ). ankle. someone who goes overboard jumping, running, or walking can get ankle bursitis. just wearing the wrong type of shoes for a


awkward fall or as complicated as a rotator cuff injury ( the rotator cuff keeps the shoulder secure ). ankle. someone who goes overboard jumping, running, or walking can get ankle bursitis. just wearing the wrong type of shoes for a particular activity can lead to ankle bursitis. how to detect bursitis bursitis can cause a number of different symptoms : pain and sensitivity in or around a joint. this is the most common and obvious sign that a person may have bursitis. difficulty moving the affected joint. this happens because the bursa has swollen and made it tough to move the joint properly. reddening of the skin. the inflamed bursa may cause the skin around the joint to change color. burning. the irritated bursa can cause the skin to sting and feel warmer than usual. in most cases, you will probably be able to treat bursitis at home. the key part of at - home treatment, as with many injuries, is rest. besides resting the affected joint or region, to help get rid of bursitis try : ice ice, baby. ice should be used on the bursitis while the inflamed area is still warm to the touch. ice can be applied several times a day for up to 20 minutes. icing the area will also help to lessen the swelling that can occur with bursitis. the heat is on. putting heat on the joint when it is no longer warm to the touch can reduce the pain. as with ice, don ' t apply heat for more than 20 minutes at a time. elevation. raising a joint that is swollen for any reason can help to reduce swelling. that goes for bursitis, too. if possible, elevate the affected joint so it is above the level of the heart. under pressure. avoid placing pressure on the joint. this will aggravate bursitis rather than help it to heal. just like a pill. anti - inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen may help. bursitis is often the result of a hard impact on a joint or overworking a joint, and sometimes these injuries are unavoidable. but there are some steps you can take to avoid getting bursitis : stay in shape. working out regularly strengthens muscles and joints, which helps protect against bursitis. don ’ t overdo it. too much of anything can be bad, and the same goes for overworking joints. start and stop workouts properly. one of


working out regularly strengthens muscles and joints, which helps protect against bursitis. don ’ t overdo it. too much of anything can be bad, and the same goes for overworking joints. start and stop workouts properly. one of the best ways to prevent bursitis is by working out properly. warming up and cooling down are essential parts of working out and should never be skipped. gradually starting and stopping your workout is less stressful for your joints and body. stretch it out. stretching not only helps improve flexibility but it is also useful in preventing bursitis. mix it up. whether you ' re rotating exercises while lifting weights or just taking a breather from a strenuous activity, your joints will thank you. better padded than sorry. use cushions on wooden or metal chairs and kneepads when kneeling on hardwood or concrete floors to help reduce the risk of developing bursitis. also avoid putting extreme amounts of pressure or weight directly on joints. keep it moving. don ' t stay planted on your butt, knees, or other joints for long periods of time. even if it ' s for a few minutes, get up and move around. if you realize that a particular activity causes you to get bursitis, stop doing it and talk to your doctor or coach about safer methods. be on the lookout for bursitis if you participate in a sport. the best way to avoid it is by using the proper techniques and equipment. if your bursitis was caused by something like ill - fitting shoes or other equipment, replace that equipment with something that fits you better.


to write a cool attention grabbing narrative essay needs the right spices, just like cooking a curry masala. the first thing about writing narrative essay is creative imagination. you need to be creative and different. think out of the box and let loose your imagination. see it through like a movie plot before you write down on your paper. read the question carefully in spm public examination, the question for narrative type of essay either starts with " write a story beginning with : " or " write a story ending with : ". in the year 2010 it was " beginning ", so there is a big chance this year 2011 it would be " ending ". for example, if the question says " write a story beginning with : it had been raining all day ", then you start your essay with the given phrase. the same goes for question which has " ending with ", you write the phrase at the ending of your essay. i prefer the " beginning " type because it gives you more freedom to create your plot. draft your plot for narrative essay use the [ plot ] technique instead of using the [ intro - body - conclusion ] technique. draft your plot carefully. put in some twists and turns in your story. have an element of surprise. keep your readers glued to their seat. build your story scene by scene like in a movie. give a big impact in your climax scene and let the audience make the conclusion.... that would surely cause them to have some sleepless nights itching to know the end...... ( surprise - - surprise ) use adjectives, adverbs, verbs, idioms, contrast, flashback, imagery etc to tell your story. this technique will help readers to have a vivid picture in their mind. every character or scene you tell can come alive to the readers and help them flow along with the story. grammar and punctuation take care of your grammar, make sure to use the correct english grammar when writing your essay. a strong grammar will help you to relate your story to your readers. readers need to know what you are telling them. this is only impossible if you are able to use proper grammar and punctuation. use your tenses properly when dealing with story telling. a story can start in the present tense flashback into the past tense and zoom into the future tense. there are also the present perfect and past perfect tenses which you might need to use. creativity and imagination be creative and arrange your story line carefully. imagine that you are a director directing a movie. as


past tense and zoom into the future tense. there are also the present perfect and past perfect tenses which you might need to use. creativity and imagination be creative and arrange your story line carefully. imagine that you are a director directing a movie. as a director you have a responsibilty to make sure your movie is a box office hit. the same goes with your story, make sure it is one of a kind story, totally different from the rest of your friends essays. sorry to say this but most of the essays are stale and does not have the extra edge which screams for attention. how to write it....? you can use the 7p essay structure tehnique to write a story. - first paragraph - exposition ( beginning of your story ) - 40 - 50 words - second, third and forth paragraph - events - 40 - 50 words - fifth paragraph - climax - 40 - 50 words - sixth paragraph - anti - climax - 40 - 50 words - seventh paragraph - ending - 40 - 50 words * focus on one event / incident for every paragraph * don ' t write two or three events / incidences in one paragraph * try not to use the phrase " in conclusion " when you end your story. * make sure your essay is more than 350 words, roughly 350 - 400 words * marks will be deducted if your essay is less than 350 words. * narrative - beginning * narrative - ending * narrative - tips ( 1 )


john thurtell — “ the elstree murder ” john thurtell ’ s case was considered sensational at the time. it also made history in two significant ways and therefore forms a valuable part of the chronology of capital punishment in britain. thurtell was born on december 21st 1794, son of the then mayor of norwich. he seems to have been a fairly wealthy young man and was a gambler. he had a grudge against a fellow gambler, solicitor william weare, whom he accused of having cheated him of £300 in a game of cards and to whom he now owed, by the standards of the day, this vast sum. a waxwork was made of thurtell after execution and is shown here. thurtell invited weare to spend a weekend gambling with him and some friends at a cottage owned by fellow gambler william probert at radlett in hertfordshire and they travelled up from london together in thurtell ’ s gig on october 24th 1823. as they neared the cottage thurtell confronted weare over his behaviour, outside the wagon and horses inn, in watling street, radlett. he drew a pistol and fired its single shot at weare ’ s face, the bullet glancing off his cheekbone as the gun had misfired. as shooting had not worked thurtell set about the now dazed weare with a penknife and cut his throat. he also rammed the muzzle of the gun into weare ’ s scull with maximum force, leaving blood, hair and tissue in the barrel. william probert and another friend, joseph hunt, an actor, helped thurtell dispose of weare ’ s body. initially they put it into a pond in the garden of probert ’ s cottage but later, under cover of darkness moved it to and threw it into another pond in elstree, hence why the newspapers dubbed this the “ the elstree murder ”. a labourer found the bloody knife and pistol by the cottage and took them to the authorities and a murder investigation began. as the owner of the cottage, probert was the first to be questioned and realising his predicament turned king ’ s evidence against weare. he also implicated hunt who was soon arrested and led the police to the body. thurtell and hunt were taken into custody and came up for trial at the january sitting of the hertford assizes before mr. justice park. thurtell was charged with the murder of weare and hunt with being an accessory


the body. thurtell and hunt were taken into custody and came up for trial at the january sitting of the hertford assizes before mr. justice park. thurtell was charged with the murder of weare and hunt with being an accessory to it. it was virtually impossible for them to get a fair trial for two reasons. firstly their guilt was seen as self evident by both the press and the public, to the extent that the judge remarked that if “ these statements of evidence before trial which corrupt the purity of the administration of justice in its source are not checked, i tremble for the fate of our country. ” the newspapers had shown great interest in thurtell ’ s case and every detail was lapped up by an eager public. secondly this was to be the last trial in england conducted under the old 16th century principals in which the accused has to defend himself against the prosecution, being allowed only to make a speech after the evidence against them had been heard and not being allowed to cross examine the prosecution witnesses. this was hardly conducive to a fair trial and neither man was represented by counsel. thurtell made a lengthy and somewhat rambling address to the court in which he tried to shift the blame for the killing to probert. he referred to his christian upbringing and also made references, apparently, to voltaire and saint paul, all of which failed to impress either the judge or the jury. a witness for thurtell said, “ i always thought him ( thurtell ) a respectable man. ” being asked by the judge what he meant by this he replied, “ he kept a gig. ” not surprisingly this was not in itself enough to save him and it took the jury just twenty minutes to find both accused guilty. mr. justice park then sentenced them to death and ordered that thurtell ’ s body be anatomised after execution, as was the norm at that time for murderers. hunt ’ s sentence was commuted to transportation for life and he was duly shipped to australia ’ s botany bay where he was to live on for very many years. thurtell was returned to hertford prison to await execution. it is noteworthy that even being an accessory to murder carried the death penalty in the 1820 ’ s. the new gallows. hangings at hertford were not a frequent event even then. the previous one having occurred in august 1822 when charles lee was executed there for burglary. it was thus decided that a new gallows incorporating a proper drop should be built for thurtell


at hertford were not a frequent event even then. the previous one having occurred in august 1822 when charles lee was executed there for burglary. it was thus decided that a new gallows incorporating a proper drop should be built for thurtell. this design did away with the need for ladders and carts to get the prisoner suspended and was copied for several other prisons round the country, becoming effectively the standard pattern of its day. a very similar one was used at york castle from the mid 1820 ’ s. construction began before the trial, so certain was everybody of the outcome! mr. nicholson, the under sheriff of hertfordshire supervised the work and the gallows consisted of a “ temporary platform with a falling leaf ( single trap door ) supported by bolts which could be withdrawn in an instant ” so launching the criminal into eternity, as was the contemporary expression. the substantial cross beam was supported by two equally substantial uprights, about 8 feet high. the enclosure beneath the beam consisted of boards 7 feet high and dovetailed into each other so that there were no gaps ( through which the body could be viewed ). it was 30 feet long and 15 feet deep with a short flight of steps up to the platform at the back leading directly from the prison door. the whole gallows was painted black and presented “ a very gloomy appearance ”. the walls of the platform rose approximately 2 feet above the platform so the bulk of the prisoner ’ s body was hidden from view after the drop. the outer enclosure was for the javelin men who stood guard at hangings to prevent escape or rescue attempts. james foxen, the hangman, arrived from london on the thursday and made the usual preparations. thurtell dressed for the occasion and was described as being “ elegantly attired in a brown great coat with a black velvet collar, light breeches and gaiters, and a fashionable waistcoat with gilt buttons ”. a little before 12 noon on friday the 9th of january 1824 foxen pinioned thurtell ’ s hands in front of him with handcuffs ( unusual ) and he was then led from his cell to the accompaniment of the tolling prison bell and the prison chaplain reading the burial service. a few moments earlier he had confessed his guilt to the chaplain. he mounted the five steps slowly but steadily and positioned himself on the trap. here foxen removed his cravat and loosened his collar. when thurtell had finished praying foxen drew the white cotton cap over his head and placed the noose around his neck.


steps slowly but steadily and positioned himself on the trap. here foxen removed his cravat and loosened his collar. when thurtell had finished praying foxen drew the white cotton cap over his head and placed the noose around his neck. the governor of hertford gaol and the chief warder both shook hands with him, before foxen adjusted the noose. wilson said “ good bye mr. thurtell, may god almighty bless you ” to which thurtell replied “ god bless you, mr. wilson, god bless you. ” at two minutes past midday, on the signal from mr. nicholson, the under sheriff, foxen drew the bolts and thurtell dropped into box like the trap with a crash. it was reported that his neck broke “ with a sound like a pistol shot ” but this is most unlikely as he would certainly not have been given sufficient length of drop for this to occur. it is probable that the reporter who made the statement got confused by the sound of the falling trap doors. however by the standards of the day thurtell died easily and was not seen to struggle. after hanging the customary hour his body was taken down and sent to london for dissection in surgeon ’ s hall in accordance with his sentence. a wax work of him was made and exhibited in madame tussauards. the new gallows had been designed to be quickly dismantled and was taken back into the prison after the execution. it was judged to be a success and considerably speeded up the process. it was to be used for a further 14 hangings up to 1838, including two double executions for burglary later in 1824 and a treble hanging in 1838, when three men were executed for murder. after that there were no more public hangings in hertfordshire and it was to be 1876 before the next execution occurred — out of the public gaze and utilising marwood ’ s “ long drop ” method. the concept of carrying out hangings at midday was quite common at this time as it allowed more time for the public to assemble to watch the proceedings. william probert, although escaping prosecution over weare ’ s murder, was to be convicted horse stealing the following year and he was hanged by foxen on the 20th of june 1825 outside newgate with three other men. web page made on 22 january 2006 ; last edited on


fri february 1, 2013 dung beetles use cosmic gps to find their way originally published on fri february 1, 2013 12 : 03 pm ira flatow, host : now for a surprising find from the insect world. the dung beetle, that insect known for sculpting little balls of animal feces that they roll around and later feast on. well, it turns out that these beetles have a built - in cosmic gps that helps them navigate around. dung beetles use light - listen to this - use light from the milky way to orient themselves at night. it ' s all in a paper published earlier this month in the journal current biology. my next guest is here to tell us more about how dung beetles see the starry - how do they see the starry night, a starry sky? eric warrant is a co - author of the dung beetle study in current biology, professor of functional zoology at lund university in lund, sweden. welcome to the program. eric warrant : thank you very much. it ' s nice to be here. flatow : so dung beetles use the starry night, they use the milky way to navigate around? warrant : they do indeed. yes. it ' s a surprising finding, but they do indeed. yeah. we discovered it almost by chance, really, because we were studying their mechanisms of navigating with regards to the moon, which is slightly more visible and obvious stimulus during the night sky. but we discovered on most parts of the month when the moon came up extremely late after midnight, particularly that until midnight, we suddenly discovered that the beetles were still able to navigate even without the moon. so we were quite puzzled by this, a bit alarmed actually at first because we were worried that our previous work was wrong. but then after further contemplation, we sort of realized that, well, maybe they were using the stars. and it turned out to be the case. flatow : they can actually see the milky way at night time? warrant : they can, yes. they probably don ' t see that many individual stars because their eyes really aren ' t sensitive enough to discern many more than probably the 10 or so brightest stars. but they can actually see the very dim stripe of light, which is - which makes up the milky way, especially in the southern hemisphere. it ' s very, very obvious actually compared to the northern hemisphere. and it ' s this broad and rather dim stripe of light which they ' re able to detect and to orient with respect to.


the milky way, especially in the southern hemisphere. it ' s very, very obvious actually compared to the northern hemisphere. and it ' s this broad and rather dim stripe of light which they ' re able to detect and to orient with respect to. flatow : how do you craft an experiment to discover this? warrant : yes. well, the first clue we got was that we covered their heads with little tiny cardboard hats, which we cut out of black card and then taped onto the back of their bodies so that they - the view of the night sky was removed. and when we did that, they were no longer able to orient. and the way they normally orient is that they roll balls of dung in straight lines directly away from the dung pad. they have to do this because if they don ' t do this, they end up rolling back into the dung pad. and there ' s a lot of beetles there, all competing for this very valuable resource, and it ' s very likely that they get their dung ball stolen after quite a fight often. so they must get away from the dung pad in a straight line. that ' s the quickest and the most efficient way of leaving the dung pad, and so it ' s critically important for them that they do this. and so the stripe of light in the sky helps them to do this. they can actually orient with respect to it and orient in straight line away. flatow : so what happens when it ' s a cloudy night and they can ' t see the sky? they just don ' t go out that night? warrant : no, they do but they roll in circles. so it ' s actually a very dangerous night indeed for dung beetles. warrant : but thankfully, in south africa where we were working, cloudy nights are not all that common. flatow : wow. and so they must have developed this over the millennia, this ability to do this? warrant : well, we ' re not absolutely sure when and how and for how long it ' s evolved. but certainly, i daresay, it been around for a while because, as i say, it ' s a very important behavior that they have. everything that they live for really has to do with dung. so - and the dung ball is incredibly important to them because they have to find a mate and lay their eggs in this ball. so it ' s a very valuable thing, this ball. so rolling away from the dung pile in a straight line with the help of the moon and - if it


to them because they have to find a mate and lay their eggs in this ball. so it ' s a very valuable thing, this ball. so rolling away from the dung pile in a straight line with the help of the moon and - if it ' s present - and with the milky way if the moon isn ' t present seems to be something that probably has evolved some time ago. and they ' re probably not the only animals that are able to see it either. flatow : yeah. that was my next question. they must think - there must be other animals that do this too. warrant : it ' s very likely. we - this is the first animal that we know of that ' s able to orient with respect to the milky way. but it ' s very likely that there are others. there are many night - flying moths and grasshoppers and locusts, for instance, that migrate considerable distances at night. and it might be the case that they, too, can use the milky way under a dark night. flatow : wow. starry, starry night has a whole new meaning now. warrant : indeed it does. flatow : all right. eric warrant, thank you very much for taking time to be with us. warrant : a pleasure. flatow : good luck. warrant : thank you very much for having me. thank you. bye bye. flatow : you ' re welcome. eric warrant is professor of zoology in the department of biology at lund university in lund, sweden. transcript provided by npr, copyright npr.


a spring reminder – what do weather warnings mean and what should you do? spring will be here before you know it, and along with it the best chance for severe weather this year. the period of march, april, and may is the time of year where we see the most severe thunderstorms and tornadoes around our part of the country. the peak is from early april thru mid may. as we get into late may we begin to settle into a summertime pattern, which rapidly decreases the chances for tornadoes, but still leaves the chances for severe thunderstorms. there are several kinds of watches and warnings which are issued by the national weather service. severe thunderstorm watch : this means conditions are favorable for severe thunderstorms to develop. a storm becomes severe if its winds are at least 50 miles per hour. these storms often contain hail of various sizes, with frequent deadly lighting. you should watch the skies and listen to your radio for any possible warnings. severe thunderstorm warning : this is broadcast when the national weather service detects a thunderstorm on radar that fits the description of a severe thunderstorm. if a severe thunderstorm warning has been issued for your area, then weather conditions can be expected to deteriorate rapidly. you should take cover in a sturdy structure and ride out the storm. this will hopefully keep you out of situations where hail pummels your vehicle and blinding rains may make driving difficult. tornado watch : a tornado watch simply means that conditions are favorable for severe thunderstorms to develop which could very likely spawn tornadoes. a watch is usually issued hours before bad weather may develop. you should monitor radio stations are other venues to keep up with the weather in case severe storms and tornadoes develop and watch the skies for darkening clouds. tornado warning : a tornado warning means that a possible tornado has been detected on radar or has been seen by the public. the national weather service will then issue a tornado warning for the county or counties that will be imminently affected by this storm and possible tornado. if a tornado warning is issued for your area, you should immediately seek shelter in a sturdy structure. be prepared to get to a reinforced part of the building away from outer walls and windows. do not try and outrun a tornado in your vehicle and do not stay in a mobile home. if caught in the path of one of these storms, get out of the vehicle or mobile home and lie flat in a ditch if possible. flash flood watch : this means conditions are favorable for heavy rains that may cause flash flooding. simply monitor radio or


if caught in the path of one of these storms, get out of the vehicle or mobile home and lie flat in a ditch if possible. flash flood watch : this means conditions are favorable for heavy rains that may cause flash flooding. simply monitor radio or other sources in the event that heavy rains begin that could lead to floods. flash flood warning : a flash flood warning is issued when heavy rains and thunderstorms are detected on radar that have the potential to drop heavy enough rain to cause flooding of streams, underpasses, and the like. if a flash flood warning is issued by the weather service, you should get to higher ground if possible if you are in a flood - prone zone. delay travel until the storm subsides and the waters recede. do not try and drive through a flooded roadway or underpass. it is likely that you will misjudge the depth of the water. it only takes a few inches of water sometimes to sweep your vehicle off the roadway. the best idea during the spring severe weather months is to keep up with the day to day forecasts and take the watches and warnings seriously. keep your radio on and listen for updates and take the proper actions when warnings are issued. it is probably a good idea to invest in a n. o. a. a. weather radio to keep handy at night that can alert you while you are sleeping to an immediate threat. it is never a bad idea to stock up on batteries for radios in case the worst happens and you lose power, then you will still be in touch with what is going on in the area. bottled water, flashlights, food supplies and toiletries could be essentials if we ever experience a bad tornado.


at a glance why get tested? to give your health care provider important information about the current status of your kidneys as well as electrolyte and acid / base balance and level of blood glucose when to get tested? as part of a routine health exam ; when you are hospitalized, in the emergency room a blood sample drawn from a vein in your arm test preparation needed? you may need to fast for 10 - 12 hours prior to sample collection ; follow any instructions you are given. the test sample what is being tested? the basic metabolic panel ( bmp ) is a frequently ordered panel of 8 tests that gives a health care provider important information about the current status of a person ' s kidneys, blood glucose level, and electrolyte and acid / base balance. abnormal results, and especially combinations of abnormal results, can indicate a problem that needs to be addressed. the bmp includes the following tests : - glucose - energy source for the body ; a steady supply must be available for use, and a relatively constant level of glucose must be maintained in the blood. - calcium - one of the most important minerals in the body ; essential for the proper functioning of muscles, nerves, and the heart and is required in blood clotting and in the formation of bones - sodium - vital to normal body processes, including nerve and muscle function - potassium - vital to cell metabolism and muscle function - co2 ( carbon dioxide, bicarbonate ) - helps to maintain the body ' s acid - base balance ( ph ) - chloride - helps to regulate the amount of fluid in the body and maintain the acid - base balance - bun ( blood urea nitrogen ) - waste product filtered out of the blood by the kidneys ; conditions that affect the kidney have the potential to affect the amount of urea in the blood - creatinine – waste product produced in the muscles ; filtered out of the blood by the kidneys so blood levels are a good indication of how well the kidneys are working how is the sample collected for testing? a blood sample is obtained by inserting a needle into a vein in the arm. note : if undergoing medical tests makes you or someone you care for anxious, embarrassed, or even difficult to manage, you might consider reading one or more of the following articles : coping with test pain, discomfort, and anxiety, tips on blood testing, tips to help children through their medical tests, and tips to help the elderly through their medical tests. another article, follow that sample, provides a glimpse at the collection and processing of


with test pain, discomfort, and anxiety, tips on blood testing, tips to help children through their medical tests, and tips to help the elderly through their medical tests. another article, follow that sample, provides a glimpse at the collection and processing of a blood sample and throat culture. is any test preparation needed to ensure the quality of the sample? you may be instructed to fast ( nothing but water ) for 10 to 12 hours prior to the blood draw. depending on the reason for ordering the bmp, it may be drawn after fasting or on a random basis. ask a laboratory scientist form temporarily unavailable due to a dramatic increase in the number of questions submitted to the volunteer laboratory scientists who respond to our users, we have had to limit the number of questions that can be submitted each day. unfortunately, we have reached that limit today and are unable to accept your inquiry now. we understand that your questions are vital to your health and peace of mind, and recommend instead that you speak with your doctor or another healthcare professional. we apologize for this inconvenience. this was not an easy step for us to take, as the volunteers on the response team are dedicated to the work they do and are often inspired by the help they can provide. we are actively seeking to expand our capability so that we can again accept and answer all user questions. we will accept and respond to the same limited number of questions tomorrow, but expect to resume the service, 24 / 7, as soon as possible. note : this article is based on research that utilizes the sources cited here as well as the collective experience of the lab tests online editorial review board. this article is periodically reviewed by the editorial board and may be updated as a result of the review. any new sources cited will be added to the list and distinguished from the original sources used. sources used in current review medlineplus medical encylopedia. basic metabolic panel. available online at http : / / www. nlm. nih. gov / medlineplus / ency / article / 003462. htm. accessed august 2012. sources used in previous reviews thomas, clayton l., editor ( 1997 ). taber ' s cyclopedic medical dictionary. f. a. davis company, philadelphia, pa [ 18th edition ]. pagana, kathleen d. & pagana, timothy j. ( 2001 ). mosby ' s diagnostic and laboratory test reference 5th edition : mosby, inc., saint louis, mo. henry ' s


de minimis is a latin expression that means “ the law does not concern itself with trifles ”. the law will not resolve petty or unimportant disputes. courts have held that trifling may include minor legal violations and would fall under the category of non - actionable items and thereby it would serve as a good ground for defence. there have been many instances when the courts have dismissed the copyright infringement cases based on the principle of de minimis that the alleged infringer ’ s use of the copyrighted work is too insignificant. the violation of the law may not be considered as a sufficient cause of action if the effect is too small to be of much consequence. it is important to remember that a patent application should consist of only one invention. however, a person may file a group of inventions which are claimed in one patent application, but the inventions so linked should form a single inventive concept. the application for patent shall be filed at the patent office along with the respective forms. the forms include form1, form2, form 3, form 5 and form 26. according to the indian patent act, a patent application may be filed by any of following persons including true and first inventor, assignee of the true and first inventor or the legal representative of the true and first inventor. 1. true and first inventor of the invention may apply for the patent. the person who invents a new product or a process has the right to file a patent application. true and first inventor means the person who is the first to invent and also the first in filing the patent application. thus, a person who first invents a product or a process and also, first files the patent application is the true and first inventor. according to the indian patent act, the following are the inventions that are not patentable. a. frivolous inventions or inventions that are against the laws of nature are not patentable. for example an invention comprising machines that have 120 % efficiency is against the natural laws and hence, non - patentable. b. any use of an invention that is against the public order or public morality or which endangers human or plant or animal life or health is non - patentable. for example an invention of a gambling machine is not patentable. another example would include an invention of a weapon that may cause mass destruction. in simple terms invention means an act of inventing either a product or a process for producing the product. technically, invention is defined as a new product or process involving an in


posted by denis borris on november 11, 2002 at 15 : 37 : 10 : in reply to : insect word problem posted by sheila on november 10, 2002 at 17 : 46 : 30 : : help, please. i have a word problem concerning insect larvae survival. soon after they hatch, they must search for food. the survival rate depends on many things and environmental temperature is one of them. for a certain speces of insect, a model of the number of larvae n ( t ) that survive the searching period is given by n ( t ) = - 0. 6t ^ 2 + 32. 1t - 350 where t is the temperature in degrees celsius. i have to answer the following questions : : a. at what temperature will the maximum number of larvae survive and round my answer to the nearest degree. : b. what is the maximum number of surviving larvae and round my answer to the nearest whole number. : c. find the x - intercepts to the nearest whole number, for the graph of this function. : d. write a sentence that describes the meaning of the x - intercept in the context of this problem. : i am totally clueless as to how to work this in order to answer these questions. any help would be appreciated. post a followup


climate & weather resources - general resources, auroras, climatic changes & global warming, cyclones, droughts, el nino, floods, frost, ice, snow, hurricanes, meteorology, natural disasters, rainbow, space weather, storms, temperature, tides, tornadoes, typhoons, wind chill ( ucf access only ) - provides files for monthly climatic data for the world, storm data, local climatological data, climatological data, hourly precipitation data, and heating & cooling degree day data. select the free access by certain agencies and individuals link to obtain the full reports. - to retrieve local climatological data, you need to know the correct the florida stations are : | dab - daytona beach regional airport | | kyw - key west international airport | | tlh - tallahassee municipal airport | fmy - fort myers | | mia - miami international airport | | tpa - tampa international airport | gnv - gainesville municipal airport | | mco - orlando international airport | | vrb - vero beach municipal airport | jax - jacksonville international airport | | pns - pensacola regional airport | | pbi - west palm beach international airport - the ucf library has paper or microfiche copies of some earlier issues of these publications in the us documents collection, including : - climatological data - florida [ us docs c55. 214 / 8 : ] - local climatological data - orlando [ us docs c55. 217 : ] climatic data and weather observations historic data for florida stations fires and storms in florida water resources of florida - orlando subdistrict ( usgs ) - weather america [ ref qc983. w385 1996 ] provides key climatological data, with rankings, for over 4, 000 places in the united states based on observations from 1965 - 1994. - weather of u. s. cities [ ref qc983. w393 1996 ] provides a guide to the recent weather histories of 268 key cities and weather observation stations in the united states and its island territories. - engineering weather data [ ref th7015. k54 2001 ] is intended to be a comprehensive, single weather data resource including all data commonly used for building systems design and energy analysis for 375 united states, canadian and worldwide cities. includes bin data, degree days, ventilation energy consumption, humidification water consumption, heat recovery savings, economizer savings, and ashrae design conditions. " the time period of coverage ranges from the 1830s through


today we have a guest article from ann joy perez. thank you for your submission, ann joy. mindanao bob with at least two thousand years of history, the banaue rice terraces have been dug on the mountain slopes by filipino ancestors. the natural wonder had been gradually destroyed by man ’ s carelessness and greed and the strong typhoons which visited the country last year. now the government is bound to restore the majestic stair of rice paddies kissing the sky. in this article, we will discuss reasons why this move is just necessary. 1. it is one of the unesco world heritage ’ s sites listed in 1995. neglecting it would be a waste for its great beauty can conquer and conserve a harmonious relationship between the environment and mankind. as a primitive agriculture engineering feat that made it to the list of the unesco world heritage, reviving it is a must. else, it would be a shame to the world, lying lifeless. 2. it is used as a means of livelihood. the banaue rice terraces is not named with “ rice ” for nothing. besides being a natural wonder, it is used by several benguet local residents for planting crops ( usually rice ). the terraces are gifted withrich soil to plant rice. the ifugaos are experts in agricultural and irrigation systems. they divert water from the rivers and streams to channel through bamboo pipes and dikes and avoid soil erosion by ensuring that the right amount and no excess of water will be flown to the terraces. as such, the vast land helps our farmers of the cordillera region as well as our economy by exporting of rice in other countries. 3. it can be used to promote tourism in the philippines. the banaue rice terraces are considered as one of the most prominent tourist attractions in the country, as they are thought to be completed with only minimal materials and bare hands. in addition, the indigenous people of ifugao carved these mountains and formed them into giant stairways that are believed to connect the globe end to end. many are intrigued by this, tempting local and foreign tourists alike to visit the spot and enjoy sight - seeing with the beautiful scenery that the terraces offer. if it remains unrecovered through the years, its magnificence might just fade away and forgotten. 4. it reflects our native culture. the banaue rice terraces exhibit the ifugao farmers ’ diligence, creativity and determination as they were built and contoured scrupulously by our native ancestors. to date, the farmers in


4. it reflects our native culture. the banaue rice terraces exhibit the ifugao farmers ’ diligence, creativity and determination as they were built and contoured scrupulously by our native ancestors. to date, the farmers in the region are still planting rice without the use of farming machineries ( e. g. mechanical thresher, rice mill and other facilities ) to mechanize their operations ; that ’ s why the price of their harvested crops are more expensive than the regular ones sold in the market. here, their bold efforts in everyday agricultural work and maintenance mirror our culture of hard work. 5. it has been bequeath to us by our ancestors. we should only preserve and give further important to what our ancestors had worked hard for. restoring the rice terraces is showing respect both to them, to their region, to the country and above all, to mother nature. an ancient natural monument, it would be an understatement to say that the rice terraces are a wonderful masterpiece to behold. they are more than mere sights but truly a land that can help boost our tourism and our economy by increasing the production of our upland rice exportations. therefore, we should give importance and take care of the gift from our ancestors because as they were crafted by passion and beauty, and their structure is so amazing that we can boast it to other countries. ann joy perez is an alumna from arellano university philippines, a former marketing assistant and a 25 year old, single. she is into almost all types of music especially love songs. she also love playing basketball, video games, watching entertainment and films. watching news tv and reading news paper is one of her favorite hobby and also she loves to eat. bob martin is the publisher & editor in chief of the live in the philippines web magazine. bob is an internet entrepreneur who is based in davao. bob is an american who has lived permanently in mindanao since may 2000. here in mindanao, bob has resided in general santos city, and now in davao city. bob is the owner of this website and many others.


a murder case with all the elements of melodrama — including seduction and betrayal, political intrigue, honor, and greed — the kentucky tragedy of 1825 riveted the attention of the nation. for decades afterward, its themes resonated in american writing. with unprecedented objectivity, dickson bruce recounts the events of the case and offers an innovative analysis of the poems, novels, dramas, and commentary it inspired. he uncovers an intricate connection between public fascination with the kentucky tragedy and changing ideas about gender roles, social identity, human motivation, and freedom in the years leading up to the civil war. bruce provides a masterly narration of the tragedy. around 1819, colonel solomon p. sharp, one of kentucky ' s leading politicians, allegedly seduced ann cooke, who subsequently delivered a stillborn child she claimed was fathered by sharp. during the summer of 1825, rumors of the scandal circulated, incensing both cooke and her husband, jereboam beauchamp, who decided, with the support of his wife, that honor compelled him to kill sharp. he did so, admitted to the act, and was tried, found guilty, and sentenced to die. on the morning of the execution, the couple attempted suicide by stabbing in beauchamp ' s jail cell. cooke died, but beauchamp was merely wounded and met his date with the hangman later that day. the lurid story appeared widely in the popular press and captured the imaginations of many antebellum writers, including william gilmore simms and edgar allan poe. bruce reveals that the kentucky tragedy elicited more literary works than did any other episode of the period. by exploring the transformation of the tragedy into literature, he illuminates the shifting social, political, and intellectual forces that revolutionized american life in this era. found an error? tell us about it.


creating a forum blackboard allows instructors to set up multiple, threaded, asynchronous discussions from the control panel, or from any content area. the discussion board is broken down into forums : each forum represents a particular broad subject of discussion, week of class, or group of users. forums are further broken down into threads : each thread is a collection of messages constituting a conversation about a more particular subject. for example, a forum about the united states constitution may contain a thread about the pursuit of happiness, another thread about the first amendment, and a third about current proposed constitutional amendments. create a discussion forum - click on control panel > course tools > discussion board to see all of your discussion boards ; click on the discussion board where you want to add a forum. - click on the create forum button. - fill in the forum title and description. - decide on availability of the forum and choose forum settings. if allow post tagging is enabled, instructors can create and apply text labels, after they have collected thread messages, to allow for grouping of message independent of thread or thread status. other discussion board users can read, filter, and search messages using the tags, but cannot create new ones. note : if you are using tagging and you notice it ' s taking a long time for discussion board pages to load, turn tagging off. if you use tagging at the beginning of a term, and then turn it off during times of heavy forum usage, you can re - enable tagging later in the term, which will restore all previous tag data. if allow members to rate posts is enabled, students can rate each others ' posts on a five point scale. the overall rating shown is an average of all rates given. if allow members to subscribe to threads is enabled, a student can click on the thread to subscribe to, then click the subscribe button. this provides an e - mail alert whenever the thread is updated or replied to ; if you select " include body of post in the email " under " subscribe, " students will also see the content of posts in their e - mail alert. students can unsubscribe in the same way, but the button will be labeled unsubscribe. if allow members to subscribe to forum is enabled, then you and your students will see a subscribe button at the top of the page when you enter your discussion forum. note that if you choose " allow members to subscribe to threads, " students will have to subscribe to each


is enabled, then you and your students will see a subscribe button at the top of the page when you enter your discussion forum. note that if you choose " allow members to subscribe to threads, " students will have to subscribe to each individual thread. 5. click submit. note : you can also link to the discussion board page, link to a specific discussion board forum, or create a new discussion board forum from any content area using the add interactive tool menu. to add a discussion board to a content area : - select the content area you wish to add a discussion board to from the main menu. click the add interactive tool button and select discussion board. - you can create a link to the general discussion board within this content area ; create a link to a specific forum within the discussion board ; or, create an entirely new forum for the discussion board. in order to create a link to a forum that has been created in this manner, you must select the add interactive tool button again from the content area, and then select one of the first two linking options. instructors can enable private discussion boards for groups. instructors can see statistics of each student ’ s participation by going to the performance dashboard in the control panel. click evaluation > performance dashboard to display information for a particular student.


inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry ( icp ) is a powerful technique of chemical characterization capable of simultaneously measuring up to 50 different trace elements, sometimes at concentrations as low as several parts per billion. the icp - ms functions by passing small amounts of material into a plasma, a super - heated gas, which ionizes the sample material. the plasma itself operates at around 8000 degrees c, a temperature greater than the surface of the sun. this ionized sample is then sent through a series of powerful magnets called a mass spectrometer, which separates sample ions on the basis of their mass / charge ratio. these ions are then measured by a detector to establish sample composition. sample can be introduced into the icp - ms either as a vaporized solid, or as a liquid. one such method is laser ablation, in which a pulsed laser is used to remove small amounts of sample material, which is then swept into the plasma via a helium carrier gas. alternatively, samples can be dissolved in solution and sent into the plasma in liquid form. depending on sample composition, this may involve dissolving the sample in strong acids, assited by high heat and pressure produced by bombarding the sample with microwaves. our inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ( icp - ms ) laboratory operates around a high sensitivity varian quadrupole icp - ms and a new wave up213 laser ablation system for solid sample introduction. additionally, the icp - ms laboratory houses a milestone microwave digestion system for sample dissolution and liquid sample introduction. the eaf icp - ms laboratory. the varian icp - ms is connected to our adaptable chamber up266 laser ablation system, with a ceramic vessel from the north coast of papua new guinea positioned for analysis. laser ablation is particularly valuable due to its ability to target specific components of samples. for ceramics, it is possible to target paste, paints, temper, slips, and glazes separately. in one study performed by museum scientists, the glazes on chinese blue and white porcelains and celadon wares were analyzed chemically by la - icp - ms. this study demonstrated that the majority of such ceramics found at archaeological sites in western india and eastern africa were produced by chinese kilns, and were not imitation wares produced at middle eastern or southeast asian kilns. other projects have studied production and exchange of ceramics from belgian neolithic


of such ceramics found at archaeological sites in western india and eastern africa were produced by chinese kilns, and were not imitation wares produced at middle eastern or southeast asian kilns. other projects have studied production and exchange of ceramics from belgian neolithic sites, proto - historical and historical archaeological sites in the phillippines, chinese neolithic sites, ceramics on the northern coast of papua new guinea, and archaeological ceramics from throughout the central andes. likewise, la - icp - ms can be used to analyze metal and corrosion products separately on metal artifacts, eliminating problems that have plagued bulk characterization studies of archaeological metals. la - icp - ms is also highly useful for rapidly characterzing obsidian and artificial glasses. the eaf has large ongoing projects applying la - icp - ms to characterize glass beads traded in the indian ocean, and obsidian from archaeological sites in the western pacific, andes, and belize. the eaf also houses a modified adaptable chamber new wave up266 laser ablation system developed in collaboration with dr. richard cox at the university of quebec at chicoutimi, canada. this adaptable chamber laser ablation system is the first of its kind applied in a museum setting, having only been employed in experimental industrial systems previously. as such, it equips the field museum with unique, virtually non - destructive, high precision, multi - element analysis for large objects that cannot be destructively subsampled, such as complete ceramic vessels. ongoing projects using the adaptable chamber to analyze collections objects include analysis of glass objects from the sumerian city of kish, and analysis of ceramics from the western pacific.


four - year - old john kaykay is a serious and quiet boy — “ my thoughtful one, ” his dad calls him. when the official greeters at the front door of the mcclure early - childhood center in tulsa welcome him with their clipboards and electric cheer — “ good morning, john! how are you today? ” — he just slowly nods his small chin in their direction. when he gets to christie housley ’ s large, sunny classroom, he focuses intensely on signing in, writing the four letters of his name with a crayon as his dad crouches behind him. when he ’ s asked the question of the day — “ do you like music? ” — he pauses for a minute before putting his magnetic nameplate in the “ no ” section. john ’ s third day of pre - kindergarten will be filled with more questions. since yesterday was the 20th and tomorrow is the 22nd, what day is today? can he pick out the card with the number 21 written on it? if the colors go pink, blue, pink, blue, what comes next in the pattern? how many of his friends are in school today? can he think of a word that rhymes with dog? historically, americans have operated on the assumption that kids will just somehow pick up such essentials along the way to “ real ” school. but, with concerns mounting over rising dropout rates and grim earning prospects for poorly educated americans, the matter of when and under what circumstances we begin to teach children is of growing importance. guided by research that shows that most of the wiring for future academic accomplishment happens in the first five years of life, education experts have been exploring how to get our children off to a better, and earlier, start. many point to france and some of the scandinavian countries, where almost all three - and four - year - olds participate in good, public preschool. but the united states has several stalwarts of early education, too. even with budgetary challenges, georgia, arkansas, and west virginia have all managed to create high - quality pre - kindergarten programs with strong enrollment over the past few years. but it is john kaykay ’ s home state, oklahoma, that offers the single best example of how preschool can work when it ’ s done well — of how it can elevate its students ’ learning, expand the horizons of the educational system, and enhance the entire community. despite growing evidence of the benefits of early education, nationwide only 28 percent of four - year - olds are enrolled


well — of how it can elevate its students ’ learning, expand the horizons of the educational system, and enhance the entire community. despite growing evidence of the benefits of early education, nationwide only 28 percent of four - year - olds are enrolled in public pre - k. among three - year - olds, a paltry 4 percent are enrolled in a public educational program. the numbers could decrease even more as pre - k falls victim to recessionary belt - tightening. states have already cut $ 90 million from education for three - and four - year - olds over the past two years. eleven states provide no program at all. oklahoma has bucked the national trend. seventy - four percent of four - year - olds — more than in any other state — are in high - quality pre - k. virtually every parent who wants a spot can get one, whether in a public school or in a partner organization, such as tulsa ’ s community action project, which runs john kaykay ’ s pre - k classroom. the effort has been so thorough and so widely embraced that, in effect, public school in oklahoma begins at age four. even among the states that do well by their preschoolers, oklahoma is exceptional. on paper, nine states have universal pre - - kindergarten, meaning that all four - year - olds are theoretically eligible. but in most of those states, there isn ’ t nearly enough funding for everyone to enroll. that ’ s the case in new york, where fewer than half of four - year - olds participate in the “ universal ” program. other states do a superb job with enrollment but a poor job of providing the education. florida, for instance, has the highest percentage of four - year - olds in pre - k programs — 76 percent, slightly more than oklahoma, according to the most recent “ state of preschool ” report by the national institute for early education research. but because florida doesn ’ t require its teachers to have a college degree in early education — and because the state spends so little on each child — just $ 2, 422 per child per year, $ 5, 000 less than in oklahoma — the quality of the program is low. oklahoma ’ s pre - k teachers don ’ t make the piddling wages that prevail in much of the rest of the country. they ’ re paid the same as elementary and high - school teachers. christie housley, along with all other pre - k teachers in oklahoma, has not only a bachelor ’ s degree but also certification in early - childhood education


of the country. they ’ re paid the same as elementary and high - school teachers. christie housley, along with all other pre - k teachers in oklahoma, has not only a bachelor ’ s degree but also certification in early - childhood education — so she knows how young kids typically learn to read, she can recognize the disabilities that tend to emerge at this age, and she understands the best ways to handle behavior problems. state law also mandates that pre - k teachers not have more than 20 students in their classroom and that they have an aide. in fact, only six children were present the august morning i was in housley ’ s classroom, which allowed her to focus on them individually. john, who was sitting quietly, drew praise for listening carefully to instructions — important feedback for a child who might get no attention at all in a larger class. a little girl who had pigtails and raised her hand at every opportunity was rewarded with a relatively tough question : “ what is the opposite of inside? ” when one girl strained to remember what day it was, housley helped by leading the class in a round of their days - of - the - week song. a boy named justice demanded a different kind of attention — and housley was able to give that, too. while his peers were sitting together and learning about the calendar, justice remained outside the circle playing with blocks and singing loudly. when housley invited him to join the others, he stayed where he was and increased the volume of his song. teaching the basic skills of how to participate in a group is one of the biggest tasks of pre - k — and it ’ s hard to do in big classes. when the rest of the children moved on to washing their hands before snack time, housley sat next to his block tower and talked with him. “ can you hear what the rest of us are saying when you ’ re over here by yourself? ” she asked gently. the lesson is part of a bigger one that they ’ ll all learn and relearn this year : how to be a productive, contributing member of a community. justice, who eventually joined the circle, seemed to be on his way to getting it. while oklahoma has a model statewide pre - k system, the city of tulsa illustrates the public - private partnerships that can grow within that model. the state ’ s second - largest city, in the foothills of the ozark mountains, tulsa has great economic extremes. some 84 percent of children in tulsa public schools qualify for free or