early galaxies full of cosmic dust space dust astronomers have found dusty giant galaxies were already in existence 13 billion years ago, far earlier than previously thought. the discovery reported in the astrophysical journal, means planets, which are made from coalescing dust particles, may also have already formed that far back in time. the study ' s lead author assistant professor steven finkelstein from the university of texas, says the discovery came as a complete surprise. " i don ' t think we really expected that, " says finkelstein. " we thought that 13 billion years ago would have been so early in the universe, that dust really didn ' t have a chance to form. " " but we now know that ' s simply not the case, at least in the most massive galaxies. " using nasa ' s hubble space telescope, finkelstein and colleagues found that on average, galaxies appear less dusty the further back in time they look. " if you go far enough back, dust doesn ' t exist in galaxies, " says finkelstein. " that ' s what you would expect, because only hydrogen and helium were made in the big bang, and dust is made up of heavier elements like carbon, silicon and magnesium produced by the first generations of stars. " finkelstein hypothesises why dust is only found in these early massive galaxies. " galaxies have large outflows of gas and dust from their interstellar medium, and it ' s a lot easier for that outflow to occur in low mass galaxies, where there ' s less gravity, " says finkelstein. " dust may be forming in all early epoch galaxies, but it ' s only sticking around in big galaxies because they have enough mass to hang on to their dust. " the findings are based on data from candels, the cosmic assembly near - infrared deep extragalactic legacy survey, a huge two - month study carried out by the hubble space telescope. finkelstein and colleagues examined the colour of galaxies in the hubble images to see how red they look. " dust makes things appear red, so the redder a galaxy looks, the more dust it has, " says finkelstein. " as well as being important for planet formation, the dust also blocks out some of the light, making it more difficult to determine how luminous a galaxy is, and consequently how much star formation is taking place in it. " finkelstein and colleagues have more work to do, including taking spectroscopy of these galaxies to work out what they ' re made of


science subject and location tags articles, documents and multimedia from abc science monday, 11 march 2013 the ability of ecosystems to adapt to climate change has been put under the microscope and the news is good for tuna and tropical rainforests. wednesday, 6 june 2012 consumers in developed countries are adding significantly to threats to biodiversity in developing countries via international trade. thursday, 12 january 2012 with voices hardly louder than an insect ' s buzz, the tiniest frogs ever discovered are smaller than a coin. friday, 2 december 2011 a huge treasure trove of artefacts including thousands of fragments of pottery provides the first evidence that the sea - faring lapita people settled in mainland papua new guinea. wednesday, 29 july 2009 the high rate of extinction in australia, new zealand and the pacific islands is set to get worse unless urgent action is taken to protect biodiversity in the area, warn scientists. wednesday, 17 december 2008 when it comes to stick insects it seems you really can ' t judge a tree lobster by its cover, a new study finds. tuesday, 2 december 2008 australia ' s best defence against an outbreak of avian influenza is an invisible line passing through the indonesian archipelago between bali and lombok that birds are reluctant to cross, a team of zoologists says. monday, 10 november 2008 a rock commonly found in southeast corner of the arabian peninsula could be used to soak up the main greenhouse gas carbon dioxide at a rate that could help slow global warming, scientists say. friday, 5 september 2008 more attention should be given to a potential environmental disaster in papua new guinea downstream from one of the world ' s largest copper mines, say some scientists. wednesday, 27 august 2008 the animated clownfish nemo may have found his way home a lot sooner if he had trusted his nose, according to researchers. thursday, 7 august 2008 new australian research has resolved an ongoing debate regarding the timing of a major tectonic plate collision in the south pacific region, the effects of which we ' re still experiencing. monday, 7 july 2008 indigenous australian body art, such as tattoos and intentional scarring may help to unravel mysteries about where certain groups traveled in the past, what their values and rituals were, and how they related to other cultures, according to an australian researcher. wednesday, 30 april 2008 some of australia ' s most important watery war graves could be located for about one - tenth of the cost of finding hmas sydney, the nation ' s most high - profile naval shipwreck, a researcher says. friday, 7 march 2008 sea levels are set to fall


ask a question about ' grieges ' start a new discussion about ' grieges ' answer questions from other users is a commune the commune is the lowest level of administrative division in the french republic. french communes are roughly equivalent to incorporated municipalities or villages in the united states or gemeinden in germany... in the ain ain is a department named after the ain river on the eastern edge of france. being part of the region rhone - alpes and bordered by the rivers saone and rhone, the department of ain enjoys a privileged geographic situation... department in eastern france the french republic, the french republic, the french republic, ( commonly known as france, is a unitary semi - presidential republic in western europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the indian, pacific, and atlantic oceans. metropolitan france... the veyle is a long river in the ain departement, eastern france. its source is in chalamont. it flows generally northwest. it is a left tributary of the saone into which it flows between grieges and crottet, near macon. - communes along its course :... forms most of the commune ' s northern border, then flows into the saone the saone is a river of eastern france. it is a right tributary of the river rhone. rising at viomenil in the vosges department, it joins the rhone in lyon...., which forms the commune ' s western border.


washington petitions for land law separate from oregon the following data is extracted from bancroft works, volume 31, history of washington, idaho, and montana, 1845 - 1889, hubert h. bancroft, 1890. the history company, publishers, san francisco.. the most important matter to which the attention of the national legislature was called was a change in the land law, to effect which congress was memorialized to grant them a surveyor - general of their own, and a land system " separate from, and wholly disconnected with, that of oregon territory. " 1. to be relieved from the prohibition preventing the holders of donation certificates from selling any portion of their claims before they received a patent ; their certificates to be prima facie evidence of title. suggestions were given as to the manner of establishing a claim by witnesses before the surveyor - general. 2. that persons entitled to a donation should be permitted to take irregular fractions of land. 3. that town proprietors should be authorized to convey lots by valid deeds, the same as if a patent had been issued. 4. that when either parent of a child or children should have died upon the road to washington, the survivor should be entitled to as much land as both together would have been entitled to ; provided the land taken in the name of the deceased should be held in trust for the children. or when either parent should have started for or arrived in the territory, and the other, though not yet started, should die, having a child or children, the surviving parent should be entitled, by complying with the provisions of the law, to the full amount that both parents and such child or children would have been entitled to had they all arrived in the territory. or that when both parents should die after having begun their journey to washington, or before locating a claim, having a child or children, such child or children should, by guardian, be entitled to locate as much land as both parents would have taken under the law had they lived. 5. that widows immigrating to and settling in the territory should be allowed to take the same amount of land as unmarried men, by compliance with the law. 6. that all persons who should have located claims under the provisions of the donation law prior to the 1st of jan., 1852, should be entitled to their patents as soon as the land should have been surveyed, and they have obtained a certificate from the surveyor - general. and that all persons ni ho should have located claims subsequent to the 1st day of jan., 1832, should be entitled to patents


their patents as soon as the land should have been surveyed, and they have obtained a certificate from the surveyor - general. and that all persons ni ho should have located claims subsequent to the 1st day of jan., 1832, should be entitled to patents by residing thereon for the term of two years, or by having made improvements to the amount of four hundred dollars ; provided, that the removal of timber from the public lands without intention to reside thereon should be regarded as trespass ; the improvements to be estimated by the increased value of the lands by clearing, cultivating, fencing, and building. 7. that all american citizens, or those who had declared their intention to become such, including american half - breeds, on arriving at the age of twenty - one, should be entitled to the benefit of the donation act. 8. that the provisions of the law be extended to an indefinite period. 9. that each single person should be entitled to receive 160 acres, and a man and wife double that amount ; provided, that the estate of the wife should be sole and separate, and not alienable for the debts or liabilities of the husband. 10. that all persons who had failed or neglected to take claims within the time prescribed by law should be permitted to take claims as if they had but just arrived in the country. wash. jour. council, 1834, 179 - 81. source : bancroft works, volume 31, history of washington, idaho, and montana, 1845 - 1889, hubert h. bancroft, 1890. the history company, publishers, san francisco.


a pharmacy technician is one of the most basic careers in the medical industry. entering the medical profession does not necessarily mean training to become a doctor or a nurse. other careers may involve the medicine needed to make people overcome illness or live more normal lives. here is a closer look at what this professional does, the salary that is involved, what training is required, and the job outlook. this position holds the responsibility of helping licensed pharmacists with clerical duties involved with running a pharmacy. this person will make sure that the business runs smoothly. they may collect money, answer the phone, or stock shelves. they may also get involved with deeper administrative duties like maintaining accurate records of patients and handling insurance issues. they must be very careful to steer clear of dangers and make safety a number one priority. the size of the pharmacy will affect the job duties of this profession. people who work in clinics or large pharmacies will usually physically measure medicine and deal directly with customers. at smaller pharmacies, these people may simply run the cash register or answer the telephone. at times, they may also fill prescriptions. accuracy is vital in all counting, weighing, measuring, and mixing of medication. many techs will work behind a pharmacy counter and stand on their feet most of the day. some of these individuals will find employment in drugstore chains, supermarkets, or hospitals. if working in the public eye, they should have a friendly disposition and be able to deal with customers who may be sick or in pain. a pharmacist tech holds the necessary skills to run a pharmacy without the total educational qualifications to be an active pharmacist. they not only work alongside a pharmacist filling prescriptions, they also handle administrative duties and move supplies after delivery. they usually hold odd work hours unlike the standard 9 - 5 job, especially if they are employed by a pharmacy that is open 24 hours. many will be required to work nights and weekends. all of these features along with experience will be the framework for determining a pharmacy tech ’ s salary. technicians without formal qualifications will receive lower pay than those with more education. salary will also be higher with people who have a large amount of work experience. average salary ranges according to pharmacytechnicianhq. info, the average salary of a new technician will be around $ 25, 000 a year. the normal range will be from $ 20, 000 to $ 40, 000 per year. a technician may earn a higher salary when working for a hospital instead of a drugstore.


of a new technician will be around $ 25, 000 a year. the normal range will be from $ 20, 000 to $ 40, 000 per year. a technician may earn a higher salary when working for a hospital instead of a drugstore. when working for the government or while doing scientific research, a person may earn upwards of $ 50, 000 a year. alaska, california, hawaii, and washington are the highest paying states for this field, paying $ 35, 000 as median income. the job commonly includes good health and retirement benefits and paid sick leave. people who want to increase their salary should seriously consider more education. training and schools when a person discovers that they want to become work in this career feild, they must first graduate from high school. other requirements will differ from state to state. some places make a student pass a test or finish a formal program of training. some technicians learn their craft by training on the job. other people will attend vocational schools or a community college. these classes usually last one year and deal with many different subjects like ways to dispense medicine, keeping records, math used in pharmacies, law, and ethics. they also learn names, uses, actions, and proper medical dosing. one benefit to attending school for this field is obtaining an internship with a hospital or other local pharmacy. this is very valuable experience. the cost for training will vary. most schools charge by the credit and an average program includes 36 credits. financial aid is often available to individuals who cannot afford the cost up front. for people who unable to commit to a real school environment, there are also online programs available. online classes give a person much more freedom with time constraints. a person can work at a personal pace, going fast through easy subjects and spending more time on harder areas. one drawback of this route of education is that no internships are given. on a positive note, a quality online school will have instructors within reach through telephone or email to deal with any questions a student may have. a usual course load through online education is split into sections or modules. a test is normally given at the end of each section. costs will also vary with these programs, but all of the online learning programs in this field are less expensive than traditional schools. there are other options to receive training for this profession. first, a person can partake in an internship program. this gives hand on training as a student studies next to an experienced professional. many national retail chains like cvs and walgreens offer these


are other options to receive training for this profession. first, a person can partake in an internship program. this gives hand on training as a student studies next to an experienced professional. many national retail chains like cvs and walgreens offer these types of programs. not every program is similar. for example, walgreens ’ program is accredited by the american society of health system pharmacists ( ashp ). this is a paid program that offers national certification and full preparation for a job in this field. it provides experience in a high tech atmosphere and is a good way to expand career options through the company as they offer many positions throughout the organization. certain local pharmacies may also offer internship programs. working on the job will also provide a great learning opportunity. with each passing day at work, a person can expand their knowledge and skills. however, many pharmacies prefer to hire employees with previous training or education. to advance past the job of a general tech, many people choose to continue their education and become a certified pharmacy technician. not every state requires a person to become certified to practice as a pharmacy assistant. however, if a person is to achieve certification after completing the appropriate courses, a person will need to pass the national pharmacy technician certification ( ptcb ) exam. becoming certified will greatly enhance future employment prospects. it will be necessary to acquire recertification every two years thereafter and a person must pursue 20 hours of education within that 2 year time period. people with this certification will be delegated work from a licensed pharmacist according to rules and regulations of individual states. these people will take written prescriptions, prescriptions sent by email, as well as phone orders. a certified technician can read and fill all of these medications. even though they have a good knowledge about different medicines, any clerical questions must be addressed by a licensed pharmacist. one of the best online schools to obtain certification is the ultimate medical academy. as the pharmaceutical industry expands, this school continues to keep up to date with the latest technology and prepare students to achieve a long and prosperous job. this is a flexible course of study geared to help a student pass all necessary national and statewide exams. penn foster career school is another online school that provides all of the necessary practical training in this field and includes all textbooks and learning aids at an affordable price. there are different kinds of degrees and certifications. a certificate in pharmacy technology gives students the skills needed to fill and mix ivs, handle pharmacy inventory, take orders, and help


this field and includes all textbooks and learning aids at an affordable price. there are different kinds of degrees and certifications. a certificate in pharmacy technology gives students the skills needed to fill and mix ivs, handle pharmacy inventory, take orders, and help pharmacists throughout regular daily activities. a pharmacy tech program may or may not offer students the chance to sit for the examination which can earn a student a diploma. however, they train people to communicate using medical terminology, fill prescriptions, and give a better understanding behind how certain medicines affect the body. these will train people to begin an entry level position in a pharmacy. an associate degree in applied science is a real college degree that requires completion of both pharmaceutical technology classes like chemistry and biology, along with general education classes. students will be a trained to mix iv solutions, fill prescriptions, take orders, manage inventory, and comprehend how medicine treats illness. it is an excellent start for people who want to advance their future career in this industry. jobs and employment opportunities the job growth rate for pharmacy techs are on the rise and are expected to grow faster than average in the coming years. there are many reasons for this including the fact that people are living longer and need medicine as they reach old age. also, pharmacists are starting to take an active role in patient care. this means that a technician must fill in for the basic duties that pharmacists no longer have the time to finish. the development of new medical treatments are also placing higher demands for technicians. as previously stated, a person can work as a technician in a hospital, clinic, local chain or pharmacy inside of a department store, or supermarket. working in a retail environment will keep a technician active. they must be keep customers constantly satisfied. jobs in this area offer some of the best chances for advancement. the best reasons to work here is that these jobs usually provide regular working hours, insurance, and retirement planning. mail order pharmacies are also a place to seek employment. as the internet is controlling more and more aspects of life, people are used to transactions that do not involve direct interaction. mail order requires less operating costs and gives the ability to serve a broader customer base. this gives employees better pay, benefits, and overall flexibility. working int he mail order field is good for independent workers. these people are responsible for receiving orders, reading prescriptions, counting medication, and labeling finished bottles. for people who enjoy personal care and being part of a team, getting a job in a hospital or nursing


http : / / www. bellaonline. com / articles / art26019. asp - - in canda our national bird is the common loon - in british columbia our provincial bird is the stellers jay - whatis your, s : : whats your provincial or state or country * * bird * * the native bird of new zealand is the kiwi... unfortunately like the majority of our native birds, it is endangered. thanks for posting the link cerinthe. very interesting indeed! very well said, lynty2......... coming from another pisces!!!!! canada ' s national bird is the common loon, gavia immer. it is a beautiful bird with a lovely haunting call, heard often at dawn and dusk but not restricted to those times of day. i have heard them call deep into the night and during daylight hours as well. the commom loon also happens to be the provincial bird of ontario. the above url has a bit of information on the common loon. the call of the common loon has the same haunting qualities, for me, as the fish eagle of south africa. both calls make me think of the wide open spaces, the sky, the land and water. could it be that i identify because i am a pisces baby? ) ) ) the national bird of australia is the emu and of new south wales the laughing kookaburra. in the usa, like tanya above mentioned, it is the bald eagle. here in florida the state bird is the mosquito - lol - really it is yes, the robins defend their territories without mercy and the male will often kill an intruder ( or be killed by them ) but they are very ' friendly ' towards humans, if we choose to be anthropormorphic about them! and south africa ' s national bird is the blue crane i live in virginia, and our state bird is the northern cardinal ( cardinalis cardinalis ) and as tanya already stated, our national bird is the bald eagle. i ' ve enjoyed reading your posts and looking up the links to see your birds.


freezing parkinson ' s in its tracks wednesday, may 2, 2012 tau researcher developing therapy to halt symptoms in parkinson ' s patients parkinson ' s disease, a disorder which affects movement and cognition, affects over a million americans, including actor michael j. fox, who first brought it to the attention of many tv - watching americans. it ' s characterized by a gradual loss of neurons that produce dopamine. mutations in the gene known as dj - 1 lead to accelerated loss of dopaminergic neurons and result in the onset of parkinson ' s symptoms at a young age. the ability to modify the activity of dj - 1 could change the progress of the disease, says dr. nirit lev, a researcher at tel aviv university ' s sackler faculty of medicine and a movement disorders specialist at rabin medical center. working in collaboration with profs. dani offen and eldad melamed, dr. lev has now developed a peptide which mimics dj - 1 ' s normal function, thereby protecting dopamine - producing neurons. what ' s more, the peptide can be easily delivered by daily injections or absorbed into the skin through an adhesive patch. based on a short protein derived from dj - 1 itself, the peptide has been shown to freeze neurodegeneration in its tracks, reducing problems with mobility and leading to greater protection of neurons and higher dopamine levels in the brain. dr. lev says that this method, which has been published in a number of journals including the journal of neural transmission, could be developed as a preventative therapy. guarding dopamine levels as we age, we naturally lose dopamine - producing neurons. parkinson ' s patients experience a rapid loss of these neurons from the onset of the disease, leading to much more drastic deficiencies in dopamine than the average person. preserving dopamine - producing neurons can mean the difference between living life as a parkinson ' s patient or aging normally, says dr. lev. the researchers set out to develop a therapy based on the protective effects of dj - 1, using a short peptide based on the healthy version of dj - 1 itself as a vehicle. " we attached the dj - 1 - related peptide to another peptide that would allow it to enter the cells, and be carried to the brain, " explains dr. lev. in pre - clinical trials, the treatment was tested on mice utilizing well - established toxic and genetic models for parkinson ' s disease. from both a behavioral and biochemical standpoint, the mice that received the


the brain, " explains dr. lev. in pre - clinical trials, the treatment was tested on mice utilizing well - established toxic and genetic models for parkinson ' s disease. from both a behavioral and biochemical standpoint, the mice that received the peptide treatment showed remarkable improvement. symptoms such as mobility dysfunctions were reduced significantly, and researchers noted the preservation of dopamine - producing neurons and higher dopamine levels in the brain. preliminary tests indicate that the peptide is a viable treatment option. though many peptides have a short life span and degrade quickly, this peptide does not. additionally, it provides a safe treatment option because peptides are organic to the body itself. filling an urgent need according to dr. lev, this peptide could fill a gap in the treatment of parkinson ' s disease. " current treatments are lacking because they can only address symptoms — there is nothing that can change or halt the disease, " she says. " until now, we have lacked tools for neuroprotection. " the researchers also note the potential for the peptides to be used preventatively. in some cases, parkinson ' s can be diagnosed before motor symptoms begin with the help of brain scans, explains dr. lev, and patients who have a genetic link to the disease might opt for early testing. a preventative therapy could help many potential parkinson ' s patients live a normal life. for more neuroscience news from tel aviv university, click here.


all hallows ' eve is approaching and soon the celebration of halloween will begin. according to tradition, all sorts of ghosts, goblins and ghoulish creatures creep and crawl from their dark, dank domiciles on the night of oct. 31 to terrorize the earth ' s human inhabitants. of the horrifying creatures that run rampant on all hallows ' eve, some are grotesque human figures and some are animals including bats, snakes, spiders and even an insect or two. it ' s not surprising that insects and spiders are part of the ghastly crew relegated by generations of humanity to a starring role on halloween. spiders as a group have earned their spot by being somewhat reclusive and stringing their webs in every nook and cranny. of course the food habits of spiders and the presence of poison fangs in some adds to the macabre atmosphere. the black widow spider may even be considered the queen of halloween trick or treaters. she has earned her haunting title because of her murderous behavior mating in predatory insects and spiders is a dangerous and somewhat deadly game. in these arthropods, the male sometimes becomes a meal for his mate. the black widow spiders, the small male tries to sneak away from his mate but is not often successful. hence, she becomes the black widow. moths have been associated with halloween scenes. these night - flying insects are attracted to lights. no doubt the presence of moths dancing around a candle flame during a spiritual event, such as a funeral wake, has contributed to a mystical view of the insect. in the middle ages and earlier, the moth was considered to be a spirit, a human soul. one moth is appropriately named for a role in halloween celebrations. it is called the death ' s head moth ( one of the largest moths found in europe ), because it has wing markings in the shape of a skull and crossbones. in the poem “ haunted house, ” thomas hood makes use of this insect in a refrain suitable for any halloween celebration : “ the air was thick, and in the upper room the bat - or something in its shape - was winging ; and on the wall, as chilly as a tomb the death ' s head moth was clinging. ” it ' s not surprising that spiders and insects are used to spice up many halloween celebrations. after all, some people consider these arthropods the chief of the world ' s creepy crawlies.


swaminarayan akshardham, delhi, india • 360° aerial panorama this panorama can be opened in several different resolutions. high resolution panorama with the best quality is about 7 mb large and it is suitable for fast internet connections and modern computers. for slower internet and old weak computers we created the smaller low resolution panorama. some small details have been sacrificed but the size of low resolution panorama is nomore than 2 mb. open aerial panorama ( high resolution ) as you might know, almost all followers of hinduism live in india, and no wonder the world ' s largest hindu temple is situated in the capital of india. speaking of delhi landmarks, one would traditionally mention red fort, qutub minar, and india gate on kingsway. so how come swaminarayan akshardham ( which means " temple of the god " ), a magnificent and beautiful temple, is not so famous? the answer is simple : it is very " young ". it was opened in 2005. the construction took over 5 years and involved 7 thousand artisans and 3 thousand construction workers from all over india. their combined efforts gave birth to a building 42 meters high, 94 meters wide, and 106 meters long. the structure of akshardham consists of 234 pillars, 9 shiny domes, 20 four - sided towers, and over 20 thousand figurines depicting themes from indian mythology. there are over 148 statues of an elephant alone! all the facing was done by hand. outer surface of the temple is faced with pink sandstone, while the inner surface is faced with white marble. in india, pink color symbolizes love for god, and white color symbolizes absolute purity and peace. thanks to its enormous size the temple is included in the guinness book of world records. the temple complex takes up 12 hectares of land and includes the temple itself, several parks, a museum, a large cultural center where one can learn about indian traditions and customs, water canals, which you can traverse by boats, and lots of cafes and souvenir shops. every evening there is a laser show with dancing fountains on swaminarayan akshardham grounds. the fountains are built in the form of a lotus placed inside a large bowl - shaped basin. the inner side of the basin serves as steps and benches for thousands of viewers. construction of this beautiful site was funded by donations and done through a spirit of volunterism. in order to fill in all man - made lakes and canals surrounding the temple required huge supply of water from 151 ponds around the country. in a country


construction of this beautiful site was funded by donations and done through a spirit of volunterism. in order to fill in all man - made lakes and canals surrounding the temple required huge supply of water from 151 ponds around the country. in a country, where clean water is as precious as gold, it was quite a generous donation as well. let ' s take a moment and listen to stas sedov ' s story about the photo shoot. during last days of our trip across india we planned to shoot several sights in the capital of the country : red fort, qutub minar, and others. we didn ' t plan to photograph swaminarayan akshardham. we knew that we couldn ' t even bring a cell phone inside the temple, not to mention other heavy photo equipment. however, our success in taj mahal encouraged us to request a photo permit for swaminarayan akshardham. when we entered the temple first time we had only one document in our hands : photography permit for delhi and taj mahal. at the time we were not sure what to expect, but we decided to take our chances anyway. even if we failed with a permit, at least we would see a new wonder of the world. the next thing we know, we are talking to the middle - age man from the local administration. it ' s hard to remember what exactly we were talking about, but we got him interested in our project. at the moment he didn ' t give us a definite answer. but he did ask us to give him time to see if it was possible to get permit for aerial photography. meanwhile he assigned a guide to give us a half - hour tour around museums and the temple grounds. to tell you the truth, i didn ' t know of swaminarayan akshardham existence. for me it was just another indian temple. but that was before i entered its premises... usually, at the end of every trip, when almost every day you see wonders of nature and artisan masterpieces, your emotions get " washed out ". it is very unlikely that something would be able to surprise you. but this was an exception! to say that i was surprised is to say nothing! i was smitten by the grandeur of the idea and its magnificent implementation in stone. it ' s hard to describe the range of feelings you experience while walking the grounds of swaminarayan akshardham. you feel harmony, tranquility, and strength of your spirit. the only time


idea and its magnificent implementation in stone. it ' s hard to describe the range of feelings you experience while walking the grounds of swaminarayan akshardham. you feel harmony, tranquility, and strength of your spirit. the only time i experienced something similar was during my visit to the meteora monasteries in greece. our guide told us that the temple has no iron elements in its structure, and no cement. the concrete was used only in the foundation. the rest was made of stone. marble and granite for the construction was delivered from all over the world. it was processed using special technology, and then joint together. all pillars of the temple are stacked, and all stone elements are turned 90 degrees after being connected. it was done to provide seismic resistance in case of earthquakes, which sometimes happen in india. imagine the level of precision required for stone processing to assemble this big " puzzle ". beside the buildings ' structure, wall facing is quite impressive : stone figurines cover the walls all around! the size of the carvings ranges greatly : from actual size to palm size, but even the smallest figurines have the highest level of detail. the time of our excursion flew by. i was heading toward the exit, but felt confident that we would be back here. we were called the following evening and granted the permit to photograph swaminarayan akshardham. our first photo session was scheduled early in the morning, just before the site opens for tourists. pigeons, flying in the morning sky, quickly welcomed our rc helicopter to their flock. it was the most comfortable photo session we had in india : both by the atmosphere and the working process. everything indeed went very smoothly. the temple security arranged an area for us in the center of the alley for the night shooting. the temple lighting was switched on 15 minutes earlier than usual especially for our photo shoot. we just couldn ' t do a bad job in these perfect conditions. leaving premises i realized that i had just completed my most important photo shoot in india. it wasn ' t taj mahal that won me over in this extraordinary and amazing country, but swaminarayan akshardham! i truly hope to return to this temple one more time someday. nikunjnik ' s shingala, india " i did not know about this temple. it is magnificent and i hope to visit it some day. thanks! " birgit blume, germany c d patel, india pravinbhai thaker, india nitin thacker ca, india " i


not know about this temple. it is magnificent and i hope to visit it some day. thanks! " birgit blume, germany c d patel, india pravinbhai thaker, india nitin thacker ca, india " i hope to visit this temple one day. what a marvel? only unique foresight, planning and will of god can enable one to build such a unique structure. jai swaminarian to everyone " praful rughani, united kingdom " probably best place to visit and see indian artitechture, it is amazing " ghanshyam patel, united kingdom anil upadhye, india " maybe the best place on earth. " thus spoke zarathustra, iran مجمد فرخی, iran " there is no doubt that akshardham temple is now identity for delhi. delhi missed its spiritual soul for over 900 years and now with akshardham temple the ' real soul ' of delhi - sanatan dharma is ever impressive and divine. congratulations to airpano team that you have truly captured the architectural soul of akshardham temple... amazing... captivating... art in its best form and technology... " praful jethwa, australia " vary nice many thanks " harshad patel, united kingdom " " i just visited swaminarayan akshardham temple ( delhi, india ) in may 2007. i love that! must visit again! " " 8th wonder of the world " " joao jose brigida, portugal nishith chauhan, india " " " really, baps swaminarayan temple is great, even i am living here in india but, i didn ' t see it, but because of this panorama i amazed the great temple.., and a amazing photography with its bested photographer " " rushiraj gadhavi, india " wonderful, never seen such a beautiful monument delhi should be proud of this wonderful creation. " jayantilal amin, united kingdom " i like swaminarayan akshardham is a so big and so good i coming india and i am go to " jatin patel, usa " it was so beautiful i cried " patricia towner, united kingdom " this is the wonderfull place in the world... i ' m proud to be a ' ' baps ' ' " saiyam patel, india " fabulous & wonderful job done by airpano. com team, genuinely this website is mind - blowing.


wonderfull place in the world... i ' m proud to be a ' ' baps ' ' " saiyam patel, india " fabulous & wonderful job done by airpano. com team, genuinely this website is mind - blowing. it is true that we can pass our whole time without blinking eyes. i really appreciate for this, awesome. " prajwal sah, nepal " magnificent and wonderful monument by the hindu devotees by self - help post independence. " chandra shekhar, india vineeth kunnath, india " i and my wife, krishna, visited this marvellous piece of art and architecture and were immensely pleased and paid great tributes to hindu history, our ancestors and the whole hindu community at large. it is now the first and foremost hallmark of our capital city. thanks who made it. " basheshar nath bhanot, united kingdom " divine inspiration, amazing work and creating wonders.. thanks airpano. ru too. " akshay raval, india " akshardham temple has remarkably revived the ancient hindu art, spirituality & architecture with this magnificent, beautiful, grand and marvelous temple in delhi... " aditya agnihotri, india " overall very nice pan aroma except those birds, by the way how was your experience in the exhibitions? " jimmy thomas, india " i have visited akshardham twice, the place is truely divine, peace prevails in this place, you will find peace here - a must visit place.... " neesha patel, india " wow......!!! it ' s miracle. it is world best structural engineering. i am proud to be an indian and hindu. this type of ' dham ' never bild in the world without pramukhswami maharaj. " ravi gohel, india " akshrdham - " emrald set in pearls " " drdevendra v shukla, india " jai pramukh swamiji to : pujya pramukh swamiji bapa for his imagination of excellent remarkable masterpiece work and auspicious monumental of heavenly choice of akshardham at new delhi india regards ashokpatel, jyoti and family houston - texas usa - 77034 " ashok patel, usa " i wished i could stay the whole day in this temple. i went in february. the cool breeze and sun set image. there is no words to decribe the feeling inside. i cannot wait to


- 77034 " ashok patel, usa " i wished i could stay the whole day in this temple. i went in february. the cool breeze and sun set image. there is no words to decribe the feeling inside. i cannot wait to visit this place again with my friends and family.. they should allow ppl to bring books and write or study here.. the air has special powers. " vinothini kasinathan, malaysia " amazing architecture... wonderful monument.. world class exhibition and musical fountain... must see monument... " saurabh vaghela, india " excellent creation of pramukhswami maharaj. " dikesh patel, india " never before never again " n. v. s. krishna rao, india " a very good example of management in this world. which is possible because of mu guru " pramukh swami maharaj "... i proud to be a part of " baps " " kamal vaja, india " jay swaminarayn to baps and pragat bharm savarup pramukhswami maharaj. it very very very good work for world its way for take mox. " nirav gajjar, india " akshardham is a heaven on the earth. " nishi jalota, india " it is the brightning sun among the world ' s famous buildings stars. " arjun mistry, india " jay swaminarayana! the search of peace with purity is now completed. we are lucky to have such pios dham in india. " rajiv vaidya, india " one should never miss the opportunity of visiting akshardham.. its heavenly place. " sowmya karamcheti, india " every person in the world should visit " akshardham " once in their life... otherwise they miss great opportunity too feel peace & thruth of life... " jaykishan patel, india " feeling proud to be indian & baps swaminarayan........... no words to say....... just amazing, jay swaminarayan " hardik dave, india " em abril de 2006 visitei este suberbo, magnifico e maravilhoso templo. todo aquele trabalho em marmore branco e rosa e ouro... magnifico.


abril de 2006 visitei este suberbo, magnifico e maravilhoso templo. todo aquele trabalho em marmore branco e rosa e ouro... magnifico. no meu entender, devera ser incluido nas melhores maravilhas do mundo. parabens india. parabens akshardham. repito... lindo, lindo, lindo " joao jose brigida, portugal " i visited swaminarayan akshardham temple in aug 2012, it is amazing! must visit again! " naseer thodi, india " i have visited, amaging, like to visit again n again. seen with ground level only but when saw with aerial eyes its beautyfull. " dinesh pancholi, india " speechless!!!!!!!!!!! no words to describe!!!!! " manish bhavsar, india " " wow " " 8th wonder of the world "... " akash patel, india " amazing wonder, a source of divine inspirations for all times ; thanks to pramukhswami maharaj for giving such a divine gift to the society... " rajendra sarvaiya, india " this is one of the man made wonders on this beautiful earth. " vinod maisuria, canada " the creation is very good, pramukhaswami is great architectural. " jani kalpesh, india


huntington ' s disease ( hd ) by giuliano binetti in 1872 g. huntington described the variety of chorea that came to bear his name. his description contains all the essential features considered disgnostic of huntington ’ s disease ( hd ) : a progressive disorders combining chorea with behavioral disturbances and dementia, transmitted via an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. huntington ’ s disease is the prototypic neurogenetic disorder, one of the first to be mapped ( 1983 ) and subsequently cloned ( 1993 ), and the model on which presymptomatic genetic testing is based. symptoms and course it is usually apparent in the forth or fifth decades, but may occur at almost any age. no clear sex preponderance is evident. low prevalence rates have been noted in japan and among african and american blacks, and most patients are of northern european ancestry. the clinical triad of movement disorder, psychiatric features, and eventual dementia will be well known to neurologists. chorea is the first manifestation in about two thirds of patients, initially a mild fidgetiness apparent only to the careful observer, which gradually progresses and may be the only clinical manifestation of hd for several years. personality change and eye movement disorders including slow saccades, and head thrusting or blinking to generate saccadic eye movements, are also common early features. a wide range of movement disorders including parkinsonism, loss of postural stability, and dystonia eventually supervene, leading to increasingly functional impairment. progressive weight loss, often resulting in cachexia, is common. the juvenile onset form of hd may present with parkinsonism, the so - called westphal variant, while late onset forms may cause chorea alone. the majority of the patients exhibit neuropsychiatric symptoms, the most prevalent being dysphoria, agitation, irritability, apathy, and anxiety. symptoms range from mild to severe and are unrelated to dementia and chorea. the cognitive disturbances associated to hd may begin early in the disease course and include deficit in attention and concentration, memory retrieval, “ executive ” functions, and psychomotor speed. the constellation of cognitive and behavior deficits associated with hd forms a so called “ subcortical dementia syndrome ” tht is distinct from the frank amnesia, aphasia, apraxia, and agnosia that embodies the cortical dementia syndrome associated to disorders such as alzheimer disease. death most often results from dysphagia through aspiration pneumonia or suffocation, usually between 10


. expansion of a polyglutamine ( cag ) trinucleotide repeat beyond the critical threshold of 36 repeats results in disease, and forms the basis of the polymerase chain reaction based genetic test. inheritance is dominant with full penetrance, meaning that almost all mutation carriers will eventually develop the disease, except those with 36 – 39 repeats where penetrance is reduced. predictive genetic testing of asymptomatic at - risk relatives of affected patients is governed by international guidelines. prenatal testing in known mutation carriers is routinely available, while linkage based exclusion testing is available to those at - risk women who do not wish to know their own gene status. the latter depends on termination of a pregnancy where linkage shows the fetus to have the same 50 % genetic risk as the mother. care and treatment chorea may respond to dopamine antagonists, both presynaptic ( tetrabenazine or reserpin ) and postynaptic ( neuroleptics such as haloperidol ). the high incidence of serious adverse reactions to these agents limits their use where the movements disorder are truly disambling. ongoing research / clinical trials current research is exploring possible drug treatments, which would prevent the accumulation of anomalous proteins in cells. other research efforts include the development of a mouse model for huntington ' s disease and the care - hd study, a clinical drug trial underway at about 20 huntington study group sites. researchers are evaluating the combination of a medication ( remacimide ) and co - enzyme q - 10. both basic ( laboratory ) and clinical ( testing of medications and treatments ) research continues to pursue avenues to facilitate new drug testing and experimental surgical techniques. international huntington association callunahof 8 7217 st harfsen the netherlands tel : + 31 - 573 - 431 595 ) fax : + 31 - 573 - 431 719 email @ example. com www. huntington - assoc. com / - bilney b, morris me, perry a. effectiveness of physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and speech pathology for people with huntington ' s disease : a systematic review. neurorehabil neural repair. 2003 mar ; 17 ( 1 ) : 12 - 24. - feigin a, zgaljardic d. disease : implications for experimental therapeutics. curr opin neurol. 2002 aug ; 15 ( 4 ) : 483 - 9. - mcmurray ct. huntington ' s disease :


how is it diagnosed? alzheimer ' s disease is a form of dementia but is not necessarily caused by the same factors which cause other forms of dementia. however, despite a considerable amount of research, the actual cause of the disease remains unknown. there is no single test to determine whether someone has alzheimer ' s disease. it is diagnosed by a process of elimination, as well as a careful examination of a person ' s physical and mental state, rather than by finding actual evidence of the disease. a carer or relative may be asked to provide information about the person ' s behaviour, e. g. difficulties getting dressed, washing, handling finances, keeping appointments, travelling alone, managing at work and using household appliances. a neuropsychological assessment is usually carried out. this involves finding out about possible problems with memory, language, planning and attention. a simple test called the mini - mental state examination is often used. this involves the person being asked to answer questions such as : what is the date? what city are we in? what is this called? ( shown a watch ). another part of the test is to follow a series of simple instructions. a number of tests may be carried out ( e. g. blood and urine samples ) in order to rule out the possibility of other illnesses which might explain the dementia syndrome or illnesses which might aggravate an already existing case of alzheimer ' s disease. in addition to this, a few methods of brain imaging have been developed which produce images of the living brain, thereby revealing possible differences between the brains of people with alzheimer ' s disease and those of non - affected individuals. these tests provide a risk - free and pain - free means of examining the brain of a living person. although they cannot lead to a certain diagnosis of alzheimer ' s disease, some doctors may use one or more of these techniques to give more weight to a diagnosis. methods of brain imaging magnetic resonance imaging this permits an extremely detailed image of the brain ' s structure. when one image is placed over another, taken a few months ' later, it is possible to see changes at an early stage in a certain part of the brain. ct ( computed tomography ) scanning this measures the thickness of a part of the brain which becomes rapidly thinner in people with alzheimer ' s disease. spect ( single photon emission computed tomography ) scanning this can be used to measure the flow of blood in the brain, which has been found to be reduced in people with alzheimer ' s disease as a consequence of nerve cells not working properly.


. spect ( single photon emission computed tomography ) scanning this can be used to measure the flow of blood in the brain, which has been found to be reduced in people with alzheimer ' s disease as a consequence of nerve cells not working properly. pet ( positron emission tomography ) the use of this scanning technique is often limited to research settings. it can detect changes in the way the brain of someone with alzheimer ' s disease functions. it can, for example, detect abnormal patterns of glucose usage by the brain. the importance of an early diagnosis although it is not possible to accurately predict dementia, it is extremely important that people who have dementia obtain an early diagnosis. it is only by obtaining a diagnosis that the correct medical treatment can be prescribed. existing drug treatment is most effective in the early stages, so delaying diagnosis prevents people from benefiting from the latest medical advances, which in many cases lead to a temporary improvement of symptoms. however, memory problems are not always a sign of dementia. although mental faculties change with age, ageing is not synonymous with dementia. many older people need more time to assimilate information and this may affect their capacity to learn and remember things. nevertheless, older people are often worried about these changes and are afraid that they might be developing dementia. at the same time, many people do not know what the symptoms are. this is not surprising, as different kinds of dementia have different symptoms. furthermore, some forms of dementia ( e. g. alzheimer ' s disease ) are insidious. the following table describes some of the early symptoms of different kinds of dementia. - difficulties with memory and orientation - difficulty finding one ’ s words - personality change - lack of interest in hobbies - slowing down of thought and movement pick ' s disease and frontal lobe degeneration - loss of control and inhibitions - personality change - difficulties with language dementia with lewy bodies - cognitive decline - similar symptoms to those of parkinson ' s disease - visual hallucinations - odd lapses of memory and mood swings - lack of co - ordination - inclination to withdraw from social activities - attention difficulties ( very rapid progression usually ) the presence of one or more of these symptoms does not necessarily mean that a person has dementia. in fact, in the case of older people, the symptoms of depression are very similar to those observed in the early stages of dementia and it is not uncommon for the two to be mixed up. sometimes, the symptoms are linked to other disorders such as thyroid gland dysfunction, lack of vitamin b12, disorders


symptoms of depression are very similar to those observed in the early stages of dementia and it is not uncommon for the two to be mixed up. sometimes, the symptoms are linked to other disorders such as thyroid gland dysfunction, lack of vitamin b12, disorders of the metabolic system, alcohol or drug abuse, infections, surgical operations, stress and intolerance of medication. in such cases, the symptoms may be reversible. a differential diagnosis is clearly essential in order to rule out other causes for the symptoms experienced and correctly diagnose dementia. in case of concern, the family doctor / general practitioner should be consulted. he or she will carry out a few tests and if his / her suspicions are confirmed refer the person concerned to the relevant specialists for further tests. what are the different kinds of diagnosis? there are three possibilities for a diagnosis of alzheimer ' s disease : possible, probable and certain alzheimer ' s disease. possible alzheimer ' s disease a diagnosis of possible alzheimer ' s disease is based on the observation of clinical symptoms and the deterioration of two or more cognitive functions ( e. g. memory, language or thought ) when a second illness is present which is not considered to be the cause of dementia, but makes the diagnosis of alzheimer ' s disease less certain. probable alzheimer ' s disease the diagnosis is classed as probable on the basis of the same criteria used to diagnose possible alzheimer ' s disease, but in the absence of a second illness. certain alzheimer ' s disease identification of characteristic plaques and tangles in the brain is the only way to confirm with certainty the diagnosis of alzheimer ' s disease. for this reason, the third diagnosis, that of certain alzheimer ' s disease, can only be made by brain biopsy or after an autopsy has been carried out. should the person be informed of their diagnosis? nowadays more and more people with alzheimer ' s disease are being informed of their diagnosis. this is perhaps due to a greater awareness of the disease. some people might not want to be informed of the diagnosis. however, it is generally considered that everyone should have the right and be given the opportunity to decide whether they would rather know or waive this right. there are pros and cons involved in informing someone of their diagnosis. also once the decision has been made to inform someone about their diagnosis the problem may arise of how to inform the person. pros and cons of telling the person in many cases a diagnosis is made as a result of concern expressed by members of the family. often the person with dementia is unaware or does


their diagnosis the problem may arise of how to inform the person. pros and cons of telling the person in many cases a diagnosis is made as a result of concern expressed by members of the family. often the person with dementia is unaware or does not agree that they have a problem. they are therefore not interested in obtaining a diagnosis. some might feel depressed about knowing or feel that they would have been happier not knowing. however, there are many advantages to knowing. when a person knows that they have alzheimer ' s disease and understands what it involves, they can plan how to make the most of the remaining years of relative unimpaired mental functioning. they can also take an active role in planning their care, arrange who will care for them, make important financial decisions and even decide to participate in research or make the necessary arrangements to donate brain tissue after their death for research. how to inform the person of the diagnosis some relatives and friends may find it difficult to approach the subject. some people would prefer to be told privately on a one - to - one basis, whereas others might find it more reassuring to be told in the presence of their family, who could give them moral and emotional support. another possibility is to arrange for the person ' s doctor to tell them. it might help to arrange to go to the doctor together or for the person to go alone. the doctor could then answer any questions that either the carer and / or the person with dementia might have. the way the diagnosis is explained will depend on the person ' s ability to understand. some people might understand an explanation of what the disease is, how it tends to progress and the consequences for daily living, whereas others might only be able to grasp that they have a disease which involves the loss of memory. once informed, they may need support to come to terms with feelings of anger, self - blame, fear and depression. some might be able to benefit from counselling and support groups, provided that the disease is not too far advanced. last updated : mercredi 05 aout 2009


probably the most frequently asked question about the ancient maya is : " why did that great civilization collapse? " according to the latest literature, academics no longer condone the use of the term " collapse ". we now speak of a period of " realignment " or " restructuring ". it seems that " collapse " is now politically incorrect. god, i love academia. call it what you will, the evidence points to a serious shift in maya life around 900 a. d. the great cities and ceremonial centers were abandoned and the jungle quickly overgrew the formidable structures and the roadways that connected them. maya life, based on the centuries - old tradition of rule by an elite class came to a rather abrupt and inglorious end. gone forever were the kings and priests and the elaborate ceremonies and rituals that had been the mainstay of maya life for hundreds of years. in seeking the cause for the rapid ( probably less than fifty years ) decline of the maya world, scholars have considered numerous possibilities : 1. the maya were abducted by aliens in ufo ' s. ( actually this explanation ' s more popular with the national inquirer crowd and is generally given short shrift by the academics. ) well, if none of the conventional explanations fills the bill, what does the archeological evidence have to say about the relatively sudden demise of the most advanced civilization in the new world? first of all it is important to note that no totally satisfactory explanation for the maya collapse - oops! ( make that restructuring ) exists. no one absolutely knows for sure what happened, but it ' s fair to say that there is a growing consensus among archeologists that the root cause was something we all see from day to day and never expect it to catch up with us. let ' s set the stage in the maya world around 900 a. d. firstly, the population was enormous by today ' s standards. ambergris caye must have had between ten and twenty thousand residents. the island, in fact, is one large archeological site. belize probably supported around two million people if current estimates are anywhere near correct. given the amount of arable land and the relatively inefficient slash and burn agricultural methods employed by the maya, just feeding everybody must have been a monumental effort. since there were no draft animals available to the maya, plowing and row - crop dry farming was out of the question. hence the reliance on slash and burn, wherein the jungle was cut down and burned, returning important nutrients to the soil which would then support


- historic sites the working ladies of lowell proud and independent, the farm girls of new england helped build an industrial eden, but its paternalistic innocence was not to last february 1961 | volume 12, issue 2 while the labor force thus changed, so did the nature of the owning group. the new ownership was well represented by a man like amos lawrence, ancestor of many pious churchmen, whose name was bestowed on a new mill town on the merrimack, built up in the 1840 ’ s. lawrence was a nonsmoker and nondrinker who demanded the same abstinence of his male employees. plagued with stomach trouble, he dined briefly and frugally on watery gruel, and he was not a man to listen sympathetically to complaints that a worker ’ s salary did not buy an adequate diet. reproached by some critics with his great wealth, he is said to have snarled : “ there is one thing you may as well understand ; i know how to make money, and you cannot prevent it. ” there was something hard here that made the older, paternalistic, nationalistic outlook of the founders of waltham seem archaic. the difference between lawrence and lowell, the towns, was something like the difference between lawrence and lowell, the men. in addition, as stockholding in the corporations finally became a little more widespread, the personal link between owner and worker was snapped. the original boston promoters had been drawn from the same yankee stock as the mill hands. but the difference between a boston attorney with a few shares of suffolk manufacturing company in his safe, and bridget doyle at her spinning frame, was more than one of money. it was a gap between ways of life and understanding. moreover, as some stock passed into the hands of guardians and estate administrators, company treasurers were at last able to invoke piously the interests of widows and orphans, as they maintained dividends while slashing wages and stretching out tasks. through the 1850 ’ s the labor scene darkened as industry spread through the nation. prices rose in response to gold strikes and industrial booms, but wages remained at ancient levels. factory workers struck more frequently — and were more frequently replaced by immigrant strikebreakers. some leaders, despairing of direct action by labor, turned to state legislatures and petitioned for laws restricting the hours of labor and the employment of women and children. some small gains were made in legislative cutting of the work burden of children under twelve, but most “ ten - hour ” legislation proposed in new england in the fifties died in


petitioned for laws restricting the hours of labor and the employment of women and children. some small gains were made in legislative cutting of the work burden of children under twelve, but most “ ten - hour ” legislation proposed in new england in the fifties died in the state capitals. the slogans of progress which had justified the beginnings of waltham and lowell now rang out to justify a status quo maintained at the price of increasing bitterness. so it was that in 1860 something more than a single defectively built factory lay in ruins in lawrence. in all new england there was evidence that the united states was going to have to find another way toward justice for labor — was going to have to walk the long road through decades of violence, organization, degradation, cruelty, bitterness, and protest, before the light would dawn again. the short cut to utopia had run into a dead end, and lowell was not, as it turned out, the harbinger of a perfect, harmonious, and just industrial society, in which a “ circulating current ” of laborers gained bread, education, and stature at the machines. it was not the only utopian experiment of the jacksonian era to fail. like the others, it remains in american history as a memory, the surviving token of a lost innocence that believed in the impossible, and for a few short hours in a simpler time, seemed to make it work.


this prestwick house literary touchstone edition™ includes a glossary and reader ’ s notes to help the modern reader contend with swift ’ s complex references and vocabulary. first published anonymously in 1727, jonathan swift ’ s gulliver ’ s travels created a storm of criticism — from those who believed the stories to be true and “ knew exactly ” who lemuel gulliver was, to those who demanded that the writer of the seditious tales be hunted down and executed for high treason. even today, swift ’ s vitriolic attacks on politics, culture, and human nature itself have earned him the reputation of a crazed misanthrope. swift, through his hero, consistently rails against political whims, human follies, and the bestial behaviors of the human race : in lilliput, gulliver is twelve times the size of the european - like natives. in brobdingnag, he is one - twelfth the size of the primitive but moral inhabitants. in laputa, buildings collapse and clothing does not fit, although constructed by the most “ modern ” and “ reasonable ” means. finally, in the land of the horse - like houyhnhnms gulliver realizes that he and his race are nothing but a brood of yahoos.


peacemaker, warrior, cross - cultural community builder, american indian activist, tribal elder, cultural preservation consultant, native american issues advisor, founding mother of the modern indian repatriation movement, nobel peace prize nominee, local unsung hero, religious advisor, and the rosa parks of nagpra - - these are a few of the descriptors applied to a unique woman who spent the last 16 years of her life in ames ( 1987 - 2003 ). maria pearson ( running moccasins ) was a proponent of human rights for all americans, and, in particular, those of american indians. a member of the yankton sioux tribe, she worked tirelessly on behalf of native american peoples in iowa and nationwide. largely through her efforts, the iowa burial code was changed in the 1970s mandating the reburial of american indian skeletal remains. her work in iowa and continued advocacy on behalf of native american rights was instrumental in the passage of important federal legislation, most recently the native american graves protection and repatriation act ( nagpra ) of 1990. this act provides comprehensive protection for native american burials and associated artifacts on federal properties and in public and private museums and collections. her accomplishments in this area were recognized not only at a national level but in several international conferences dealing with human rights and repatriation issues. in 1990 she traveled to venezuela to attend the second world archaeological congress as an official indigenous member of the executive council. the bbc made a documentary program, bones of contention, about maria that was broadcast in 1995. maria was featured in the leadership 2003 series of the ames tribune.


mlive : ann arbor could see a geminid meteor shower thursday night a rare, clear night sky in the ann arbor area thursday night may increase the visibility of the expected geminid meteor shower, mlive. com reports. the geminid shower is expected to be visible between 11 p. m. and 2 a. m., according to nasa website. mlive. com reports the meteor shower happens in december as a result of debris from the extinct comet 3200 phaethonm, coming in contact with the earth ' s atmosphere. according to nasa, the week of dec. 10 - 16 is a good window for seeing the shower, but thursday night is expected to be the anticipated peak. michigan often misses the shower due to a layer of overnight lake - effect clouds and in december the cold air blowing over the warmer great lakes creates a lot of clouds, however, the mild air thursday is expected to keep the lake clouds from forming. nasa estimates there may be as many as 30 meteors per hour. for those who still might not be able to see the shower due to city lights, nasa ' s marshall space flight center in huntsville, ala., will have a live ustream feed beginning at 11 p. m., of the meteor shower. read the full report here.


carolyn robertson payton ( 1925 - 2001 ) by gwendolyn p. keita, american psychological association * biography of carolyn robertson payton * carolyn robertson payton is best remembered as the first woman and first african american director of the united sates peace corps. her path to this position, as well as her departure say much about her character — open to new opportunities, committed to making a difference, and willing to do what she felt was right no matter the consequences. payton accepted the position of field assessment officer for trainees for the newly created peace corps in 1964. although women were usually not given overseas staff positions, in 1966 payton became the peace corps director for the eastern caribbean region stationed in barbados. as one of only two female country directors, her success was critical in demonstrating that women could effectively do the job. this success resulted in gender being dropped as a qualifier for overseas staff positions. after a seven - year absence, payton was again called to the peace corps in 1977, this time by then us president jimmy carter who appointed payton peace corps director. she served for less than two years. her strong views about the peace corps ’ mission and its implementation strategies, especially regarding the importance of peace corps volunteers being nonpolitical, clashed with those of sam brown, then director of action, the agency with jurisdiction over the peace corps. payton ’ s refusal to back down on issues she felt were vital to the peace corps ’ very existence and the surrounding publicity led president carter to ask for her resignation. although a trailblazer in numerous arenas, payton ’ s early life was uneventful. she was born in 1925 in norfolk, virginia. her mother was a seamstress and her father a ship steward. she died at her home in washington, dc on april 11, 2001. payton had two major influences in her life that helped define her future endeavors. she attributed her courage, loyalty, and commitment to work for equality and justice to her upbringing. she was from a close knit family that emphasized the value of education. despite being born into slavery, her grandfather saw to it that all of his children attended college. payton graduated from the public schools of norfolk, virginia, and received her bs degree in home economics from bennett college in greensboro, north carolina, in 1945. bennett college, a small historically black women ’ s college, was the other major influence in payton ’ s life. she noted that bennett shaped her aspirations, attitudes, and expectations and gave her a sense of her capabilities as a woman. payton remained close to bennett college throughout her life,


women ’ s college, was the other major influence in payton ’ s life. she noted that bennett shaped her aspirations, attitudes, and expectations and gave her a sense of her capabilities as a woman. payton remained close to bennett college throughout her life, establishing a scholarship fund there in the late 1990s. payton attended the university of wisconsin from 1945 - 1948 and completed her ms in psychology. issues related to race were intertwined with payton ’ s matriculation at wisconsin, beginning with the financing of her attendance. her tuition and other expenses were paid by the state of virginia as part of the state ’ s “ separate but equal ” policy. under this doctrine, the state covered expenses incurred at any out - of - state university if the student pursued a graduate degree in a discipline available to white students at the white state schools, but unavailable to blacks at the black state schools. incensed by class discussions of the intellectual superiority of whites and wanting to prove that there was no difference in intelligence between the races, payton conducted her masters thesis on a comparative study of the intelligence of blacks and whites as measured by the then newly developed wechsler - bellevue test of intelligence. she concluded that the test itself was an inaccurate measure of the true ability of blacks. in 1976, payton again focused on testing when she served as a field supervisor for the standardization program of the wechsler adult intelligence scale and was responsible for selection of black participants and the administration and scoring of the testing instrument. her efforts marked one of the first times black participants, selected on the basis of age, gender, and socioeconomic level, were included in the development and application of test norms for a prominent test. after graduation, payton took positions as a psychologist at livingston college in salisbury, north carolina, and later as dean of women and a psychology instructor at elizabeth city state teachers college in elizabeth city, north carolina. she joined the faculty of howard university in washington, dc, after completing coursework for her phd at columbia university in 1959. at howard, she taught child, abnormal, and experimental psychology and conducted research on the perception threshold of verticality in rhesus monkeys. she completed her doctoral degree in counseling and student administration at columbia in 1962. although best known for her work as peace corps director, payton ’ s major career contribution was made as director of the howard university counseling service ( hucs ) from 1970 to 1977, and later as dean of counseling and career development from 1979 until her retirement in 1995. while at the hucs, payton established a training and supervision component to address


made as director of the howard university counseling service ( hucs ) from 1970 to 1977, and later as dean of counseling and career development from 1979 until her retirement in 1995. while at the hucs, payton established a training and supervision component to address the need for a clinical practicum experience for graduate students in the mental health fields. she also developed a structured in - house training and clinical supervision program for staff and other mental health professionals, in addition to promoting and investing in post - graduate training for her clinical staff. through her leadership at hucs, payton consistently served as a role model for professional women, especially professional black women. during her tenure, the counseling service staff grew from 4 to 15, and provided counseling and therapy to both students and community clients. training at hucs, in addition to the usual clinical material, focused on providing counseling and psychotherapy to ethnic minority, especially african american, men and women. this program eventually developed into the american psychological association ( apa ) - approved clinical and counseling psychology pre - doctoral internship in 1983. payton was a trailblazer in the use of group techniques with african american clients, and the hucs group counseling and psychotherapy training program ( established later in the mid - 1980 ’ s ) was a strong component. payton was an active member of apa and a fellow of division 35. she was one of the original members on the task force on the psychology of black women in 1976, now the section on the psychology of black women. the section ’ s early career award is named in payton ’ s honor ( the carolyn payton early career award ). payton served on a number of apa boards and committees including the committee on women in psychology ( cwp ) ; the membership committee ; the committee of scientific and professional ethics and conduct ; the gay, lesbian, and bisexual concerns committee ; and the policy and planning board. she received numerous awards, including several of apa ’ s most prestigious. in 1982, she received the distinguished professional contributions to public service award. in 1985, the apa committee on women in psychology leadership citation award honored her for her role as “ an outstanding teacher, role model, and mentor for women and ethnic minorities. she has provided leadership on ethical and consumer issues in psychology and in eliminating sex bias in psychotherapeutic practice … her commitment to equality and justice for all oppressed peoples has made a precious difference in all our lives. ” in 1997, payton received the apa award for outstanding lifetime contribution to psychology for her “ dedication to using psychology to


##apeutic practice … her commitment to equality and justice for all oppressed peoples has made a precious difference in all our lives. ” in 1997, payton received the apa award for outstanding lifetime contribution to psychology for her “ dedication to using psychology to promote better cross - cultural understanding and to end social injustice by influencing political process … [ her ] success in overcoming gender and racial barriers to achieve positions of leadership and prestige make [ her ] a role model to women and ethnic minorities everywhere. carolyn payton is remembered as a foremother of those who pushed for women ’ s leadership within apa and psychology. she was a wonderful role model for women, especially women of color, and was honored at the first multicultural conference and summit for her pioneering contributions to multicultural psychology. her sharp wit, incisive comments, ability to see through the verbiage, and passion for social justice will be long remembered. in her article, “ who must do the hard things? ” published in american psychologist ( april 1984 ), payton argued that psychology would not survive as a science if we ignored the social implications of our work. with her departure, it is left to all of us to do the “ hard things. ” * originally published in the feminist psychologist, newsletter of the society for the psychology of women, division 35 of the american psychological association, volume 28, number 3, summer, 2001. appearing with permission of the author.


another earth day has passed us and just as we make resolutions on new year ’ s day, you might have planned to change your energy wasting ways. those new year ’ s resolutions are difficult to maintain, because we often try to do too much. making just a few small changes is helpful and can be the key to lasting change. lisa abraham at ohio. com has compiled her tips for saving energy in the kitchen. they include being creative when using kitchen appliances and modifying some eating habits. limit the time the stove / oven is used never light the oven or turn on a burner when a small appliance will do the job. microwave ovens, toaster ovens, electric griddles, panini makers and, yes, even a slow cooker all consume less energy than a traditional gas or electric stove. consistently using these small appliances can make a huge difference in your energy consumption, jackie newgent a dietitian, cooking instructor and cookbook author of the newly released big green cookbook ( wiley, 2009 ). said. even though slow cookers are typically on for hours at a time, they will burn less energy than a traditional oven to prepare the same dish, such as a roast. look for ways to lessen the amount of time the oven and burners are on. when cooking pasta, newgent recommends using skinny varieties, like angel hair, that will cook more quickly. she also uses a method she dubs ” lid cooking ” to turn the stove off sooner. newgent brings a pot of water to a boil, adds her pasta and brings it up to a boil again. but then she turns the heat off, puts a lid on the pot, and lets the pasta finish cooking from the heated water. when baking something, turn the oven off five minutes before the item is done and allow the residual heat in the oven to finish the job, she said. consider making one meal each week that doesn ’ t require using the stove at all, such as a salad. eat more fruits and vegetables, less meat newgent suggests eating one meatless meal per week. it requires more energy to produce meat than vegetables and fruits. cutting meat out of just one meal per week can lead to significant energy savings over a year, she said. that salad fits in well here. think of it as a chance to be a more adventurous eater. run an energy - efficient kitchen while new major kitchen appliances may not be in the budget for many homeowners, most would see an immediate savings on electric bills with the conversion


here. think of it as a chance to be a more adventurous eater. run an energy - efficient kitchen while new major kitchen appliances may not be in the budget for many homeowners, most would see an immediate savings on electric bills with the conversion. refrigerators should be away from sunlight and heat sources, like ovens. the warmer the environment, the harder the appliance will have to work and the more energy it will use. refrigerators also need breathing room — at least two or three inches of open space between the coils and the wall behind them to allow for better air circulation. keeping refrigerator coils clean of dirt, dust and pet hair also will improve performance. the harder an appliance has to work, the faster it will wear out. constantly opening and closing the refrigerator causes it to lose cold air. the same goes for the oven — keep the door closed as much as possible while in use to keep the hot air inside. gas stoves typically are less expensive to run than electric ones. always have the dishwasher fully loaded before running, and consider scraping your dishes instead of rinsing them before loading, to save on water. newgent also noted that when cooking outdoors, choose a gas grill over charcoal because gas emits less carbon into the atmosphere. here is a sample recipe from jackie newgent ’ s big green cookbook : citrus cream of capellini 13 / 4 tsp. sea salt, or to taste 12 oz. whole wheat capellini or angel hair pasta 1 / 2 cup organic heavy cream 1 tbsp. unsalted organic butter juice and zest of 1 lemon ( about 3 tbsp. juice ) 1 / 4 tsp. freshly ground black or white pepper, or to taste 1 / 3 cup freshly grated organic or locally produced parmesan cheese 1 / 4 cup chopped fresh flat - leaf parsley 1 / 3 cup raw pine nuts ( optional ) bring 6 cups fresh water and 3 / 4 teaspoon of the salt to a boil in a large saucepan over high heat. add the pasta and return to a boil. cover and turn off the heat. let the pasta ” lid cook ” ( cook covered while the burner is off ) until it is al dente, about 6 minutes. drain the pasta, reserving 1 / 2 cup of the cooking liquid. place the drained pasta back into the dried saucepan and set over medium - high heat. stir in the cream, butter, lemon juice and zest. cook while stirring until the


dhari al - fadli, a patient being treated at a diabetes clinic in kuwait, is a victim of the dark side of his country ' s economic boom. after his weight hit a peak of 123 kg ( 271 pounds ), fadli developed such serious diabetes that he had to inject himself with insulin before every meal. helped by the insertion of a gastric balloon into his stomach to reduce hunger, he has now lost enough weight to stop the injections, but still has to take diabetic medication. " we ' re all overweight in my family... we have a saying that if you don ' t have diabetes, you ' re not a kuwaiti, " said fadli, a 49 - year - old father of five. in fact, more than one in five kuwaitis suffer from the disease. oil wealth has given kuwait and nearby countries in the gulf some of the highest per capita incomes in the world. but it has also created lifestyles - overeating, high - sugar diets, cushy jobs and heavy reliance on automobiles for transport - that are leading to an explosion of diabetes in the region, experts say. five of the 10 countries where diabetes is most prevalent are located in the six - nation gulf cooperation council, according to the international diabetes federation ( idf ), an umbrella organisation of more than 200 national associations. kuwait is no. 3 while qatar is sixth, saudi arabia seventh, bahrain eighth and the united arab emirates no. 10. the rest of the top 10 are pacific island nations with much smaller populations, apart from lebanon which comes in fifth. a staggering 21. 1 percent of people in kuwait are diabetes sufferers while prevalence rates are around 20 percent in other gcc countries, idf figures show. in the united states, the rate is 9. 6 percent ; worldwide, it is 8. 5 percent. the problem is so widespread in kuwait, said abdulmuhsen al - shammari, an endocrinologist working at mubarak al - kabeer hospital in the country, that " it is now normal for half a dinner party to be diabetic and for them to ask for each other ' s medication after they eat ". genetic factors apparently contribute to the gulf ' s high incidence of diabetes, an incurable disease in which the body has difficulty absorbing sugars and which is closely associated with obesity, scientists say. it can lead to cardiovascular problems, blindness, strokes and kidney disease. " research suggests that people ( in the gulf


of diabetes, an incurable disease in which the body has difficulty absorbing sugars and which is closely associated with obesity, scientists say. it can lead to cardiovascular problems, blindness, strokes and kidney disease. " research suggests that people ( in the gulf ) have a lower set - point at which their body - mass index levels trigger the onset of diabetes, " said maha taysir, endocrinologist at the imperial college london diabetes clinic ( icldc ) in abu dhabi. however, even expatriates living in the gulf have a higher incidence of diabetes than they do in their home countries, taysir said. this suggests lifestyles are a major reason for the region ' s problem. just two or three generations ago, many inhabitants of region made their living through strenuous work such as fishing, goat - herding and pearl - diving. the development of the gulf ' s oil riches changed lifestyles drastically, luring tens of thousands of people into comfortable jobs at lavishly funded state enterprises, or allowing them to live on ample unemployment benefits. physically tough jobs in the gcc, such as construction and oil field operation, are almost entirely done by millions of foreign workers. gulf rulers responded to last year ' s political unrest in the middle east by increasing welfare benefits for their citizens to buy social peace, which some officials in the gulf have conceded privately risks further reducing the pressure on people to work. " exercise is the single most important factor for reducing diabetes... but it takes a lot of work to get patients here to follow a lifestyle they really don ' t want to, " taysir said. some gulf residents believe the first gulf war against saddam hussein in 1990 - 1991 may have contributed indirectly to the spread of obesity by fostering a junk food culture. fast food outlets blossomed in kuwait, saudi arabia and other countries where thousands of us troops were stationed, and remained part of daily life after the troops withdrew. " the lifestyle, the luxury we live in, the lack of activity and our fatty junk food culture are all contributing factors... food is delivered, kids play sitting down at their computers... even physical education is a written exam, " said fadli.


saturday 15 june flap - necked chameleon ( chamaeleo dilepis ) flap - necked chameleon fact file - find out more - print factsheet flap - necked chameleon description the flap - necked chameleon ’ s common name derives from the large, movable flaps that protrude from either side of the upper surface of its neck ( 2 ) ( 4 ). normally these flaps lie flat, over a bony protuberance at the back of the head called a “ casque ” ( 2 ), but during threat displays to deter rivals or predators, they can be raised and angled at 90 degrees to the head ( 2 ) ( 4 ). males can be distinguished from females by their taller casques, larger flaps and by the small spurs which protrude from the hind legs of some subspecies. at rest, the flap - necked chameleon ’ s body colouration is usually light green, brown or yellow, with a light or dark stripe extending across the flanks. the flap - necked chameleon ’ s body is diffusely marked with numerous dark spots, which become bright yellow or orange when it is excited or ready to mate ( 2 ). two low crests formed from large conical scales run down the centre of the upper and lower surfaces of the body ( 2 ), with the lower crest beginning at the throat and continuing unbroken over the belly ( 5 ). - length : up to 38 cm ( 2 ) flap - necked chameleon biology usually found amongst the branches of trees and bushes, the flap - necked chameleon will occasionally descend to the ground in order to seek out new feeding grounds or a mate ( 7 ) ( 8 ). like other chameleon species, the flap - necked chameleon has a number of special adaptations for hunting. its eyes are located on cone - shaped turrets, which can move independently, allowing it to look in two different directions simultaneously, while searching for its insect prey. once spotted, prey is caught by means of the flap - necked chameleon ’ s remarkable, extensile tongue. the contraction of special muscles within the tongue rapidly propels it towards the prey, which is snared by a combination of the tongue ’ s sticky mucous coating and a vacuum created by muscles in the tip ( 9 ). when threatened, the flap - necked chameleon presents a dramatic display, rocking from side - to - side, while raising its neck flaps, expanding


’ s sticky mucous coating and a vacuum created by muscles in the tip ( 9 ). when threatened, the flap - necked chameleon presents a dramatic display, rocking from side - to - side, while raising its neck flaps, expanding its throat pouch and gaping its mouth ( 4 ) ( 5 ). female flap - necked chameleons are larger than the males and outcompete them for the most favourable areas within their habitat, where prey is most abundant ( 8 ). the short mating season is the only time when females will allow males to approach them without conflict. after mating, the female once again becomes aggressive to males, turning black and butting heads with any that approach ( 7 ). after a gestation period of around one month ( 6 ), the female digs a hole in which the eggs are buried ( 2 ). while clutch sizes of up to 60 eggs have been recorded in captivity, in the wild, clutch size may be significantly smaller ( 2 ). hatching takes place around 9 months later ( 5 ), with the young reaching sexual maturity after 9 to 12 months ( 2 ). top flap - necked chameleon range one of the most widely distributed chameleon species ( 2 ) ( 6 ), the flap - necked chameleon is found throughout almost all of southern and central africa, with the northern limits of its range extending from nigeria and cameroon in the west to somalia and ethiopia in the east ( 3 ). top flap - necked chameleon habitat the flap - necked chameleon occupies forest, bush and grassland savannah ( 7 ). top flap - necked chameleon statustop flap - necked chameleon threats the flap - necked chameleon is one of the most extensively exported chameleon species with almost 50, 000 individuals exported between 1977 and 2001. the greatest demand for these chameleons comes from the u. s. a. pet trade ( 6 ). top flap - necked chameleon conservation the flap - necked chameleon is listed on appendix ii of the convention of international trade in endangered species ( cites ) and any international trade in this species is therefore strictly controlled and regulated by annual maximum export quotas ( 3 ). despite its popularity in the pet trade, at the present time this species appears to be widespread and common ( 7 ). nevertheless, without proper monitoring of the effects of harvesting for the pet trade, the flap - necked chameleon ’ s population is at


popularity in the pet trade, at the present time this species appears to be widespread and common ( 7 ). nevertheless, without proper monitoring of the effects of harvesting for the pet trade, the flap - necked chameleon ’ s population is at risk of undergoing a significant, but undetected, population decline ( 6 ). top find out more to learn more about reptile conservation visit : international reptile conservation foundation : authenticated ( 23 / 02 / 2009 ) by edward i. pollak, ph. d. department of psychology, west chester university of pennsylvania. top - the state of being pregnant ; the period from conception to birth. - a population usually restricted to a geographical area that differs from other populations of the same species, but not to the extent of being classified as a separate species. iucn red list ( june, 2011 ) adcham. com ( january, 2009 ) cites ( june, 2011 ) - meyers, r. a. and clarke, b. m. ( 1998 ) how do flap - necked chameleons move their flaps?. copeia, 1998 : 759 - 761. - carruthersv. ( 2005 ) the wildlife of southern africa : a field guide to the animals and plants of the region. struik, cape town. - carpenter, a. i., rowcliffe, j. m. and watkinson, a. r. ( 2004 ) the dynamics of global trade in chameleons. biological conservation, 120 : 291 - 301. world association of zoos and aquariums ( january, 2009 ) - hebrard, j. j. and madsen, t. ( 1984 ) dry season intersexual habitat partitioning by flap - necked chameleons ( chamaeleo dilepis ) in kenya. biotropica, 16 : 69 - 72. - halliday, t. and adler, k. ( 2002 ) the new encyclopedia of reptile and amphibians. oxford university press, oxford. myarkive offers the scrapbook feature to signed - up members, allowing you to organize your favourite arkive images and videos and share them with friends. terms and conditions of use of materials copyright in this website and materials contained on this website ( material ) belongs to wildscreen or its licensors. visitors to this website ( end users ) are entitled to : - view the contents of, and material on, the website ; - download and retain copies of the material on their personal


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