clean air resolution resolution regarding air quality in cumberland county authored by the clean air board of central pennsylvania pollution from diesel engine emissions has been proven to be harmful to our health. diesel exhaust can contain 40 hazardous air pollutants, 15 of which are known human carcinogens. fine particles from diesel emissions have been linked to heart attacks, asthma, stroke, stunted lung growth and premature death. children and seniors are at the greatest risk from these emissions1 ; and air quality has been shown to be especially degraded in cumberland county and epa has designated the county as being in non - attainment of fine particle ( pm 2. 5 ) and ozone standards. the average lifetime diesel soot cancer risk here is 393 times greater than the accepted epa cancer level of one in one million2. cumberland county is among the 2 % most polluted counties in the nation for fine particle pollution3 ; and in august 2005 more than 100 doctors in the region submitted a paid advertisement to local media citing statistics about air pollution and attributing the problem primarily to fine particle pollution from diesel exhaust and the heavy concentration of trucks in the area ; and “ the earth is the lord ’ s, and all that is in it, ” as the psalmist says, and human beings are called to be responsible stewards of god ’ s creation ; therefore, the undersigned members of the cumberland county faith community hereby ask that : 1. planning and municipal authorities in cumberland county take air quality factors into account in land use planning decisions, particularly with regard to diesel trucks and buses that contribute to air quality degradation. 2. cumberland county enact ordinances to limit air pollution from the idling of diesel - powered vehicles. 3. truck facilities in cumberland county implement programs to reduce diesel emissions, including installation of electrification units to eliminate the need for extensive diesel - powered truck idling. 4. school districts in cumberland county enact policies limiting school bus idling and aggressively pursue grant funding and programs to retrofit and upgrade school bus diesel engines with devices to help control harmful emissions. 1. clean air task force, “ diesel and health in america, ” february 2005. available online at http : / / www. catf. us / publications / view / 83 2. clean air task force, diesel project. available at http : / / www. catf. us / projects / diesel / 3. american lung association, “ state of the air 2005. ” available online at http : / / lungaction. org / reports / stateoftheair200


by cass r. sunstein washington — almost 70 percent of americans have been overweight or obese in recent years, and more than 78 million people in the country have been counted as obese. the problem has many sources, but one of them is obvious : increased portion sizes. we have a lot of evidence that people will eat whatever is put in front of them, even if they aren ' t hungry. as portion sizes expand, waistlines expand as well. according to the centers for disease control and prevention, the average u. s. restaurant meal is more than five times larger than it was in the 1950s. the average hamburger, once less than 4 ounces, is now more than 12 ounces. the average order of french fries, once less than 3 ounces, is now more than 6 ounces. there is a clear correlation between increases in portion sizes and increases in obesity. that correlation helps explain why obesity has been more prevalent in the united states than in france. the french eat high - calorie food, but their portion sizes are smaller. in supermarkets and restaurants, and in portion sizes recommended in cookbooks, americans are given significantly bigger servings. even at mcdonald ' s, where we might expect identical sizes, servings of soda and french fries have been found to be larger in philadelphia than in paris. brian wansink, a cornell university professor of consumer behavior, helps to explain why portion sizes have such a large effect. he finds that much of our eating is mindless or automatic in that we tend to eat whatever is in front of us. if you are given a half - pound bag of m & m ' s, chances are that you will eat about half as much as you will if you are given a one - pound bag. people who receive large bowls of ice cream eat a lot more than those who get small bowls. in one of wansink ' s fiendish experiments, people were provided with a large bowl of campbell ' s tomato soup and told to eat as much as they liked. unbeknownst to them, the soup bowls were engineered to refill themselves ( with empty bottoms connected to machinery beneath the table ). no matter how much soup the subjects ate, the bowl never emptied. the result? soup consumption skyrocketed. many people just kept eating until the experiment was ended. the good news is that once we isolate the sources of excessive eating, we will be able to identify potential solutions. google found that its new york cafeteria, which offered a lot


following the easter rising of 1916, a significant challenge for the republican movement was sourcing weapons and ammunition to rearm itself. one particular incident on the dublin docks in 1918 saw the irish citizen army secure a huge windfall of ammunition from an american transport vessel, the defiance, which had served as a cargo ship in the united states navy during the late stages of the great war. having first sailed from san francisco in september 1914, she delivered cargo to dundirk in france, and at the end of the war she briefly spent some time in dublin, for the purpose of shipping back army huts and stores which belonged to the united states expeditionary force. while in dublin the ship fell victim to a well - planned raid carried out by the irish citizen army, the small but militant workers militia that emerged first from the lockout of 1913, and which fought in the easter rising. a brilliant and colourful account of the raiding of the ship is contained in r. m fox ’ s 1944 work the history of the irish citizen army, and here we have republished some of the account of this raid from that long out of print work. it shows the role dublin dockers played in the revolutionary period, and gives an idea of ica activity in the years after rebellion. in his study, fox notes that the vessel attracted the attention of dockers, and that : dublin dockers at work loading up the boat wondered at the extraordinary precautions taken. by each gangway was an armed guard of united states marines. other guards were placed in position by the deck and the hold. no man could get off the ship without a permit, and he had to run the gauntlet of the guards. the dockers looked round and discovered the hold contained piled up cases of revolvers, rifles and ammunition that were being shipped from england back to america. the citizen army was instantly on the alert. seamus mcgowan, the arms expert, was smuggled in as a docker, to arrange about getting some of this stuff ashore. the cases had to be broken open in the hold by dockers without being observed by the guards. then all the stuff had to be concealed to get it across the gangway. no parcels were allowed. in spite of all the difficulties the booty was too valuable to lose, and relays of citizen army men were down on the quays for eight hours a day, taking the revolvers and ammunition from those who succeeded in getting the necessary shore permits. the little tin lavatories on the quays made excellent transfer stations. soon the


of citizen army men were down on the quays for eight hours a day, taking the revolvers and ammunition from those who succeeded in getting the necessary shore permits. the little tin lavatories on the quays made excellent transfer stations. soon the bag consisted of 56. 45 revolvers, 2, 000 rounds of revolver ammunition, 5, 000 rounds of springfield ammunition in canvas bandoliers and an assortment of verey lights and pistols. arrangements were also made with a member of the crew to deliver 34. 45 automatics, which had been served out to the crew. he lowered these over the side in a canvas bucket to a boat which crept out in the darkness. captain poole was in charge of the boat operation. unfortunately the springfield rifles proved too cumbersome to get ashore. it was easy enough to break the cases in the hold. but no one could hope to get along the gangway holding a rifle. they were left very reluctantly. attempts were made to unscrew the butts and so reduce the length, but this proved impossible. if it hadn ’ t been for the length of the rifles, america would have played a still bigger part in arming ireland in her fight for freedom! for several days ammunition and revolvers were landed without difficulty. then one morning the captain and his mate descended to the hold in a state of great agitation. the captain walked straight across to a dark corner which had been screened by a number of big cases. here he saw rows of boxes, broken open and empty. the arms and ammunition had vanished. all the dockers were immediately ordered ashore under armed guard. they were taken into a shed – the same shed which had been used to receive the stores from the foodships in 1913. there they were told they were going to be searched. indignant objections were raised, but all knew they had taken their last load. they were paid off on the spot, and the defiance raising anchor departed without waiting for any more cargo. suspicions had been aroused by an imprudent irish volunteer asking the mate if they had any guns for sale. he went back and told the captain, and they started investigations at once. much of the stores and the equipment that they left behind was auctioned on the quays. liberty hall secured furniture at this auction to make up for the devastation of 1916. from r. m fox ‘ the history of the irish citizen army ’ ( dublin, 1944 )


i had the privilege of attending a conference called “ asperger syndrome and adolescence : building skills for the real world ” hosted by the gray center in grand rapids, michigan last week. it consisted of two speakers. the first, talmer shockley, was an adult diagnosed with asperger ’ s who spoke openly and honestly about his personal experiences. he offered insight into all the challenges that present themselves to him on a daily basis. the second speaker was teresa bolick, ph. d., who spoke about strategies to help individuals with asperger syndrome better understand the social world around them. i would recommend that anyone who gets a chance to hear dr. bolick speak should do so. she was an entertaining and thoughtful presenter with many suggestions and ideas for intervention. following are a few highlights from her presentation : - the concept of “ social capitol ” is very important when looking at what behaviors are acceptable and what behaviors are unacceptable. kids with social capitol have a reputation within a social network. there is a sense of trust and reciprocity that has been established over time and allows for forgiveness of social mistakes ( which none of us are exempt from making ). the example dr. bolick provided explained it quite well : when the cute 7th grader who everyone has a crush on puts a pea up his nose, it ’ s funny. when a “ quirky ” kid puts a pea up his ( or her ) nose, it ’ s weird. social capitol is gained over time and kids with asperger ’ s need help building it. learning how to do some of the following will help : make a good impression, listen to others and remember what they say, get involved with other people, contribute, be a good sport. - using and teaching “ low and slow. ” when agitation starts to increase it ’ s important to remember to bring everything down. we often don ’ t think of ourselves as threatening but the simple fact that we ’ re bigger than most of the kids we work with automatically puts us in that position. if a child is in distress or quickly moving in that direction, how you approach them will greatly impact the situation. here are some things to remember : low : lower your body to the child ’ s level, lower the pitch and volume of your voice, lower the complexity of your language and decrease questions. slow : slow down your heart rate by taking deep breaths, slow your speech and pause between sentences, slow your movements, slow down your agenda. - the idea of creating an “ accepts ” book to


lower the complexity of your language and decrease questions. slow : slow down your heart rate by taking deep breaths, slow your speech and pause between sentences, slow your movements, slow down your agenda. - the idea of creating an “ accepts ” book to help with self regulation. each page focuses on a different positive theme and it can be brought out when a child needs a boost. the sections are as follows : a = activities ( what makes you smile? ), c = contributing ( how did you help someone? ), c = comparisons ( how far have you come? ), e = emotions ( a collage of positive feelings ), p = pushing away ( note some worries that can be pushed away ), t = thoughts ( self - affirming ), s = sensations ( memories of calming / regulating sensory input ). kids can cut out pictures from magazines, use photographs, or anything else they might want to include on the pages. - suggesting that social stories should be used to reflect successes as well as challenges. they ’ re a great tool for positive reinforcement and won ’ t get the reputation of only coming out when things aren ’ t going well. - make beliefs comix : you can choose your own character, facial expression, body positions and speech bubbles on this website. a great resource! - charting and visuals can make a huge difference. it takes things that are intuitive to most of us and presents them in an analytical way. this can make them much easier to approach and process for people with social cognitive deficits. the charts don ’ t have to be fancy, it often just helps to see things categorized and written out ( for example, a table defining what topics are appropriate to discuss in what situations ). these highlights are just a sample of the information that was presented but they were some of the things that stood out to me. i hope you ’ ll find them useful!


i get lots of questions from parents about how to work on improving their child ’ s use of personal pronouns. it ’ s not unusual for children on the autistic spectrum to demonstrate what ’ s referred to as pronoun confusion or pronoun reversal. since this is something that we work on a lot of communication therapy, i thought i would share some ideas that can be used to work on this skill at home : - use visuals. keep them posted around the house so you can easily reference them when needed. the visual to facilitate use of the pronoun “ i ” usually consists of an individual gesturing to himself or herself, paired with the written “ i ”. - read mercer mayer ’ s “ little critter ” books with your child. these books are written in first person and consist of simple sentences of a repetitive nature. the stories are simple and often label emotions clearly. the pictures are not overwhelming and have a few reoccurring characters that children usually enjoy looking for on each page, which can also be used to model pronouns. for example, take turns finding the spider or cricket on each page and model self talk while you do so : “ okay, it ’ s my turn. i ’ m looking for the spider … i found him! ” - draw self portraits along with your child. these can be as simple as drawing stick figures and will allow for lots of clear modeling. choose a part to draw and describe what you ’ re doing : “ i ’ m drawing my hair. i have brown hair. ” gesture to yourself as you emphasize the word i. repeat similar, simple sentences with each thing you draw ( eyes, nose, legs, feet, etc. ). if your child is confused by the concept of drawing themselves - they may want to draw you, as you ’ re doing - try having a picture of each of you to look at while you draw. this will help make it clear that you are each drawing yourselves. - make a book for your child. you can use pictures of things they ’ ve done, places you ’ ve visited, pictures of friends and family members, or just things they enjoy. narrate the book so it ’ s written from your child ’ s perspective. again, keep the language simple and emphasize use of personal pronouns. it ’ s okay it if sounds repetitive ; we learn from repetition. if you have a chance to try any of the suggestions, please share and let us know how it worked for you! if you find ways to expand on ideas


the who confirms a most horrifying trend in their recent study : one billion individuals cannot afford paid health care of any kind. reuters reports the issue is even more complicated than that, however. each year, the high cost of medical care takes 100 million paying customers to the arms of poverty. post resource - one billion people cannot afford health care, says who by personal money store. nations that cannot afford medical care must improve efficiency the who ' s global report on health care pays particular attention to financing, as the number of countries with large numbers of individuals who cannot afford medical care has growth significantly. it ' s extremely essential, with universal coverage as the goal, that there are methods to make medical care more affordable by doing things like fund - raising measures and improving taxes. who ’ s director of health systems financing in david evans. he explained that individuals end up making the decision to go without medical care because of the current state of health care worldwide. “ when ( health services ) are not really affordable, it means you either choose not really to use them or you suffer severe financial hardship, ” he said. world health organization intends to improve worldwide medical care in order to keep those who do pay for medical care from sliding into poverty, the world health organization recommends that health care and insurance business practices ought to be tweaked so that 15 to 20 percent of a country ' s total health spending amounts to direct, out - of - pocket payments. there are 33 low - to middle - income nations right now that pay way too much in out of pocket payments. over 50 percent is paid for them. with the suggestion of sin, taxes, currency transaction taxes and wealth taxes in the report that governments could diversify their revenue sources with, there ought to be less spent. medical care being unused health care is wasted when you will find one billion individuals world health organization can ’ t afford to get it. according to who director general margaret chan, 20 percent to 40 percent of all worldwide medical care spending is wasted through purchase of expensive, unnecessary drugs and treatments. lack of proper medical training also contributes to such inefficiency. some countries end up paying 67 times more than the international average for some medications that they need. many see this and know that solving the medical care dilemma isn ’ t going to take place quickly. " there is no magic bullet to achieving universal access, ” said chan. “ nevertheless, a wide range of experiences from all more than the world suggests that nations can move forward faster. " the need for health care reform in


treecycling with urbanwood in the urban forest, a felled tree used to be a dead tree. too commonly, city and suburban trees leveled by wind, insect plagues like the emerald ash borer, and other bad breaks are headed for the wood chipper or hauled off to factories to be ground into mulch, particle board material, and end products bearing little resemblance to their leafy forebears. now, take the locavore mindset of consuming products within their communities of origin – a movement which started with food – and apply it to trees. " this idea of reclaiming those kinds of trees is really picking up steam across the country. it first really got its start a couple decades ago in california. there were some small businesses that were working together with communities that were doing it, and the u. s. forest service has been doing a lot over the last two decades to promote this across the country... southeast michigan has really become a showplace for it now, " says jessica simons, a natural resources specialist with the southeast michigan resource conservation & development council. to wit : the rise of the urbanwood project, a partnership between the southeast michigan resource conservation & development council, recycle ann arbor, the genesee conservation district, the genesee county habitat for humanity restore, and local small businesses that is tasked with the recycling of southeast michigan ' s fallen urban trees for lumber, flooring, millwork and cabinetry, counter and tabletop slabs, and other household uses. tanya muzumdar discusses the resurrection of wood with jessica simons. what is urbanwood about and what was behind its inception? we [ the council ] started working on some projects together with the u. s. forest service and with the michigan department of natural resources back in 2004, and at that point, the area was right in the middle of the huge emerald ash borer outbreak... and so we were trying to figure out how much wood was going to be coming out of communities because of emerald ash borer, where it was going to go, if there were already businesses that could handle it... one of the things that we found pretty quickly, there were far more sawmills in the area than we realized. except they were very small, they were typically family - owned, they didn ' t really advertise much... most of them were milling trees from communities anyway... they were kind of ideally suited for the ash borer crisis. they were ni


very small, they were typically family - owned, they didn ' t really advertise much... most of them were milling trees from communities anyway... they were kind of ideally suited for the ash borer crisis. they were nimble, they could work directly with communities, so we were trying to figure out what we could do to boost the profile of these sawmills in the area, and at the same time help create more of a market for the products that they produced... recycle ann arbor was refinishing their conference room at the time... and they wanted to put new flooring in, and they always tried to highlight sustainable materials... then the reuse center customers started asking about it, so recycle ann arbor said that they would put up a small shelf with a little bit of the wood on it to see if reuse customers were interested. fast forward about seven years, and now... 1, 600 square feet of the reuse center at recycle ann arbor is now the urbanwood marketplace and has wood from six different vendors. the first marketplace opened at recycle ann arbor ' s reuse center in 2005, followed by the genesee county habitat for humanity restore in flint last spring. how are the marketplaces doing since they were opened? they ' re projecting right now to sell over $ 100, 000 worth of lumber there this year. and so we think that that ' s great success. a couple of the mills that we worked with have credited us with keeping them in business during the slow economy... what we ' re excited about the products that urbanwood carries is that there ' s a tremendous variety and it ' s very different from what you ' d see at your typical lumberyard. it ' s not just filled with standard dimensional lumber for a few species, like what you would see going to look at the 2x4s at lowes. at any time there could be 25 - 30 different species of lumber at the marketplace... what it represents is the species of trees that come out of the urban areas in southeast michigan. if walnut comes out, great, walnut ' s always in high demand... if a mulberry tree or an osage orange comes out of a community, well, that ' s what gets milled too. the unpredictability of the supply and the variety of the supply is what makes urbanwood different... sometimes the wood has much more character than what you


comes out of a community, well, that ' s what gets milled too. the unpredictability of the supply and the variety of the supply is what makes urbanwood different... sometimes the wood has much more character than what you ' d find at your traditional store. we do still carry the clear things without any kind of knots... but we also carry material that has huge knotholes, or that has staining, or that has bark still attached on the edge. what is the cost range per board - foot? it is all over the board. no pun intended. ( laughs. ) we have everything from – one of the local mills sells boxes of cutoff pieces – small scrap pieces for someone who likes to carve small wooden pieces of art. you can get a large box of cutoff pieces for $ 15 or you can buy a tabletop slab that is $ 1, 500... the range is enormous. it ' s possible to walk out with a board for a couple of bucks, but if you ' re looking for something high - end, spectacular, you can get that too. with what happened with the emerald ash borer, with the fact that people in semi, in that urban area, are looking at forestry problems and realizing that they live in an urban forest and realizing they have to care for an urban forest, it has also made them more receptive to hearing about what can be done with the products of that urban forest. are other communities following your lead? this whole cooperative structure that we ' ve developed is really something that is increasingly going to be looked at as a model for other regions. we ' ve been in a lot of contact with the folks who are trying to promote the same thing in different other metropolitan areas around the country. there are some people in the chicago area who are doing it, there are people in madison, wisconsin, and in milwaukee who are trying to do it, there are people in north carolina, people in california. there are pockets all around the country where you see these initiatives taking place. as far as i know, the cooperative we have, the combined marketplaces that we have with a whole group of small sellers, that ' s the only one we know of selling urban material like this that we know of in the country. and so we ' re getting a lot of calls from other areas where urban wood use is taking off... we ' re hoping to see more of this happen... i think it was one of those cases


know of in the country. and so we ' re getting a lot of calls from other areas where urban wood use is taking off... we ' re hoping to see more of this happen... i think it was one of those cases where out of disaster, something good bloomed. with just the volume of waste that was created by emerald ash borer and the awareness that it created, i think it actually gave us the perfect environment for something like this to grow. the traverwood branch of the ann arbor public library has a lot of reclaimed ash flooring and shelving in its interior. yes, we worked on the traverwood branch... part of the harvesting and milling of the ash trees that went into that building, that was paid for through a grant that our council got from the u. s. forest service. what ' s another significant project using recycled wood? paul hickman is a local designer in ann arbor... he is working using our partners as suppliers, and he ' s producing a whole line of picture frames made from urban wood. his business is called urban ashes and he uses the wood and works with people from the local workforce development group and actually is doing job training and development with people who are coming out of corrections, people who are in transitional labor for one reason or another, who are producing these high - end picture frames... he ' s using michigan glass in the picture frames, he ' s using michigan paper for the backing. it ' s an entirely michigan product and he ' s getting great reception from boutique gift stores throughout michigan and also even throughout the country. and what ' s next for urbanwood? " in the bigger picture, we would really just love to see more markets develop. we are very open to the idea of creating a couple more marketplaces throughout southeast michigan and just getting more people aware that this wood is available, that this can happen with their own trees, that we can see more communities buy into the concept as well... we would love to see every city that has a plan for managing their urban forest to include a plan for how they manage the wood when the trees come down. " tanya muzumdar is a freelance writer, poet, and the assistant editor of concentrate and metromode. her last feature column was " german park is heimplatz for summer festivities ". all photos by doug coombe


a printed book or pdf download version of the congo cookbook is available from lulu names of african foods it could be argued that africa ' s linguistic diversity is greater than its gastronomic diversity. simply put, the number of african languages is greater than the number of african foods. the african continent is home to hundreds, maybe thousands, of languages ( though perhaps only 40 african languages are spoken by two million or more people ), but there are far fewer foodstuffs. this means that a certain food prepared a certain way might be known by one name in one place, and by another name in another place. for example, what can be called black - eyed pea fritters, or bean croquettes, or bean balls ( in english ) are called akara in the congo cookbook. that is one name for them in at least one language in western africa, but they are also known as binch akara, kosai, koose, and kwasi, and probably many other things. akara may or may not be the most common name. as if there were not enough african languages, things are further complicated by the fact that african words are spelled differently in different languages like english, french, portuguese, german, or italian that came to africa in the colonial era. for example, the moambe stew recipe could just as easily have been titled mwambe. when african words are written in english, a good rule to follow is to pronounce each vowel as a seperate syllable. for example : matoke is pronounced " ma - toe - kee ". french accents are sometimes used, for example, " moambe " is pronounced " mwam - bay ". alice werner provided much the same advice for pronouncing words from the bantu languages in her myths and legends of the bantu ( london : george g. harrap & co. ltd, 1933 ), in which she wrote : a word as to the pronunciation of african names. no attempt has been made to render them phonetically, beyond the rough - and - ready rule that vowels are to be pronounced as in german or italian, consonants as in english, every syllable as ending in a vowel, and every vowel to be pronounced. thus it has not been considered necessary to put an acute accent over the e in shire ( which, by the by, ought to be chiri ) and pare. where ng is followed by an apostrophe, as in ' ryang ' ombe ' ( but


the bulletin of atlanta university | previous | | 1 of 4 | | next | loading content... number 187 atlanta, georgia january, 1909 the southern educational association negro education the question of negro education was given a prominent place in the program of the recent meeting of the southern educational association in atlanta, an entire morning session being given to its consideration. we regret that the local newspaper reports failed to convey the liberal spirit which characterized the discussion. the prevailing sentiment was decidedly in favor of more and better work for the negroes and there was general recognition of the sad limitations which characterize their present public school opportunities. it was held that the burden of negro education must fall largely on the southern people, and in this connection the missionary schools established and largely supported by people from the north met with some criticism. the question was raised as to whether people who lived in another section of the country could possibly understand the needs of the negro race and prepare them for useful life as effectively as the southerners among whom their lot is cast. rev. george sale, d. d., was on the program to speak upon the past, present and future of mission schools in the south for the education of the negro. he used the opportunity this afforded to meet the criticisms which had been made. he showed the relation which these schools bore to the whole system of negro education, being, as they are, the training schools for the teachers. he showed, moreover, that the development of character and of the spirit of service was fundamental in the purpose of all such institutions, and said that criticism of them was usually based upon misapprehension. he urged the people of the south to acquaint themselves more fully with the work of such schools. when the meeting was open for discussion pres. g. r. glenn, of the north georgia industrial school, spoke. dr. glenn was formerly commissioner of public schools of the state of georgia. there is no man more familiar with the problems of education in the south than he. in a few words, beautifully chosen, he expressed, as a southern man, his deep appreciation of the work that had been accomplished in the mission schools and his admiration for the young people who had, as missionaries, come to the south in the ' 60 ' s and ' 70 ' s, and devoted themselves to so unpopular a cause as negro education. mention should be made also of the forceful address of ex - governor w. j. northen. he earnestly advocated education as a means for the prevention of lawlessness and would have


, and devoted themselves to so unpopular a cause as negro education. mention should be made also of the forceful address of ex - governor w. j. northen. he earnestly advocated education as a means for the prevention of lawlessness and would have the state of georgia introduce compulsory education for all her people of school age, both white and black. some phases of the negro problem ( quoted from mr. taft ' s speech before the north carolina society ) the proposal to repeal the fifteenth amendment is utterly impracticable and should be relegated to the limbo of forgotten issues. it is very certain that any party founded on the proposition would utterly fail in a national canvass, and that the hope is futile. what we are considering is something practical, something that means attainable progress. it seems to me to follow, therefore, that there is or ought to be a common ground upon which we can all stand in respect to the race question in the south, and its political bearing, that takes away any justification for maintaining the continued solidity of the south to prevent the so - called negro domination. the fear that in some way or other a social equality between the races shall be enforced by law or brought about by political measures really has no foundation except in the imagination of those who fear such a result. the federal government has nothing to do with social equality. the war amendments do not declare in favor of social equality ; all that the law or constitution attempt to secure is equality of opportunity before the law and in the pursuit of happiness, and in the enjoyment of life, liberty, and property. social equality is something that grows out of voluntary concessions by the individuals forming society...... ultimately, of course, the burden of negro education must fall on the southern people and on southern property owners. private charity and munificence, except by way of furnishing an example and a model, can do comparatively little in this direction. it may take some time to hasten the movement for the most generous public appropriations for the education of the negro, but the truth that in the uplifting of the negro lies the welfare of the south is forcing itself on the far - sighted of the southern leaders. primary and industrial education for the masses, higher education for the leaders of the negro race, for their professional men, their clergymen, their physicians, their lawyers, and their teachers, will make up a system under which their improvement, which statistics show to have been most noteworthy in the last forty years, will continue at the same rate


, for their professional men, their clergymen, their physicians, their lawyers, and their teachers, will make up a system under which their improvement, which statistics show to have been most noteworthy in the last forty years, will continue at the same rate.... public schools in atlanta when a city becomes its own severest critic there is great hope of improvement. the following paragraphs are quoted from the annual address of mr. asa g. candler, president of the atlanta chamber of commerce : all the school houses are overcrowded, and in several the board of education, in order to accommodate the children who have sought entrance, have been compelled to use ill - lighted and poorly ventilated basements for class rooms. the wooden buildings are heated by stoves ; their only means of ventilation are windows through which cold drafts of vitiated air come, inviting and producing disease and death to our children, if in the providence of a merciful god they escape cremation by a burning building. poor and perilous as are these buildings, they are wholly inadequate even if they were such structures as they ought to be. atlanta has about 20, 000 children of school age, boys and girls, between the ages of six and fourteen. the total enrollment in our overcrowded and ill - housed schools is less than 14, 000. it is reliably estimated that 7, 200 children of school age are not in school at all. of these 2, 800 are white and 4, 400 black. gentlemen, take note, the spring time of life comes but once and when gone, is forever gone, with all its solemn eternity of meaning. can any community afford to take such chances on the young life of future generations? can we blast the seed time and hope for the harvest? prof. george norton ellis, of berea college, visited us the last day of the old year and spoke to the students at morning chapel. | title | | the bulletin of atlanta university, 1909 no. 187 | universities & colleges | description | | the bulletin of atlanta university was a publication sent to faculty, friend and alumni of the institution ; telling of the institution ' s progress and present needs. this issue is january 1909, no. 187. | | holding library | | robert w. woodruff library of the atlanta university center |


what we perceive in the world is highly influenced by what we are looking for. that is old news. now european researchers have used this theory to create a convincing and engaging ‘ mixed reality ‘, and they have put together a cookbook so others can do it, too. that is new news. reality is wysiwyg : what you see is what you get. but what you see depends largely on what you are looking for. in a famous experiment, a group of volunteers observed a video of two teams, one dressed in black and one in white, passing a ball between them. the volunteers had to count the number of times the ball was passed directly from one player in black to another player in black. they performed the task excellently. what they failed to notice was the man in the gorilla suit who walked on screen and jumped up and down during the game. it proved that what you see is strongly influenced by what you are looking for. in ophthalmology, researchers have found the eye does not see everything you perceive ; neural processing fills in parts of the scene by inferring from those bits that are observed. in quantum physics, researchers discovered that particles change behaviour depending on whether you are looking at them or not. in field after field researchers have discovered that perception is not linear ; it is fuzzy ; and it can be strongly influenced by carefully choosing the right cues. the cues do not necessarily require complex technology. the wii, a very popular gaming platform, abandoned the arms race of ever - more powerful processors and graphics cards and instead incorporated a simple motion sensor. now users ' gestures and reflexes drive the game, changing the pastime from a solitary, passive experience into an active, social one. those two additions, sociability and physicality, dramatically enhance the sense of experienced reality engendered by the game. this is very interesting. up to now technologies, such as virtual and mixed reality, were thought by most to rely on more power, more technologically advanced interfaces, more animation and textures ; but it now seems mixed reality is more powerfully and realistically evoked by combining perceptual dimensions with novel technologies in order to create a greater depth of experience. “ the greater the combination of senses engaged, the greater the chance of the user feeling immersed or present in the experience, ” explains rod mccall, a researcher at the fraunhofer institute and coordinator of the ipcity project. in ipcity, a major eu - funded mixed reality project, researchers studied dozens of technologies to find


feeling immersed or present in the experience, ” explains rod mccall, a researcher at the fraunhofer institute and coordinator of the ipcity project. in ipcity, a major eu - funded mixed reality project, researchers studied dozens of technologies to find those that dramatically enhance a user ’ s experience of a given task, all in an effort to increase citizens ’ participation in civic life. v - ex and the city using virtual experiences ( or v - ex if you want ) like this to bring citizens closer to the city, the project embarked on what is probably the largest concerted effort, looking at the widest variety of mixed reality implementations, in recent times. the project created applications for town planning, gaming, environmental awareness and storytelling. it enhanced engagement with the social, cultural and historical fabric of a city through location awareness and mapping, and it developed social storytelling rooted at locations within the streetscape. using a combination of easy - to - understand yet state - of - the - art technologies and location sensing, the researchers were able to create convincing cross - reality experiences by engaging multiple senses in parallel. from the lab to the real world the project took perceptual and mixed reality research out of the lab and into the real world with a combination of large - scale field trials and longitudinal studies. as a result, the ipcity team has developed cookbook - like guidelines for creating mixed reality experiences. take urban renewal, an urban redesign application. here, the researchers used a wide variety of media and interfaces to engage citizens in an exercise for redesigning an urban space. ipcity ’ s colour table is a particularly innovative interface, using tokens to represent elements within a scene, such as buildings or other objects. an overhead camera projected the design table onto a wall, revealing changes as they developed from a bird ’ s eye view. another camera ‘ interprets ’ the tokens and projects virtual mock - ups onto a backdrop of the real site. meanwhile on a screen, users can see how they have arranged the tokens, and on another they see how that would impact the real landscape. the entire set - up, along with other tools, is part of a mobile tent that is transported to the actual location for the new building, so participants can visualise the real - world environment. the combination of these technologies, along with subtle audio streams, evokes a very convincing air of engagement in the task. “ in the urban renewal showcase you have coloured tokens on the table and these represent buildings or another object in the space. so


combination of these technologies, along with subtle audio streams, evokes a very convincing air of engagement in the task. “ in the urban renewal showcase you have coloured tokens on the table and these represent buildings or another object in the space. so rather than having participants moving graphical objects on the screen you have them physically moving real objects on the table, ” stresses mccall. this physicality makes it easier for other people who are there to grasp what ' s going on – it starts a much richer discussion around the design through this physical relationship with it. another showcase by ipcity, citywall in helsinki, uses a very large multi - touch screen on a central street. “ people can do whatever they want with content which is uploaded to flickr. but they appropriate the citywall in hundreds of different ways. people play ' pong ' with the content, throwing it across the screen to one another, and it becomes [ an ] expressive space, far more perhaps than people showing pictures on their computer monitor, ” mccall notes. a sociable science social elements form a part of all the applications developed by ipcity, deliberately so. “ we figured out pretty early on that a shared experience is much richer, that is why two people work together in our game, timewarp. it becomes a shared, new reality, ” mccall explains. active, physical engagement, too, is important. mccall reveals that because it is impossible to cover a city entirely in virtual objects, the project developed activities that players need to complete, such as walking through a time portal or following a beer cart through the city. as non - players cannot see what the players are doing it often led to confused looks by passers - by in cologne when it was demonstrated there. in many respects, ipcity ’ s work represents the state of the art for mixed reality experiences and promises to offer a lot of food for thought to tourism, social gaming and mobile phone companies, among many others, including the performing arts. in fact ipcity ’ s work could be applied in some fashion to almost any area, to dramatically enhance the experience. ipcity has applied the theory on perception in novel, compelling ways and its work will go on to enhance the theory further and lead to even more subtle and ingenious applications of v - ex, in the city and elsewhere. this is the first of a two - part special feature on ipcity appearing on ict results. the ipcity project received funding from the fet proactive strand of the eu ’ s sixth framework programme for research


als researchers aim for the fences by alissa poh nobody likes bad news. especially when it ' s a grim medical diagnosis like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ), also known as lou gehrig ' s disease. als, a rapidly progressing, fatal neurodegenerative disease, usually strikes people between 40 and 60 years of age ; those afflicted have an average survival of just two to five years. amyotrophic, a word with greek origins, means " no muscle nourishment. " lateral identifies the areas of the spinal cord where motor neurons — nerve cells that signal muscles — are found. and sclerosis refers to the scarring and hardening this region undergoes as it degenerates. but though the brain becomes increasingly unable to control the muscles, it maintains its cognitive abilities. so als patients are painfully aware of their progressive loss of function. " it ' s a hard disease to treat, to tell patients that they have it, " says dartmouth neurologist elijah stommel, m. d., ph. d. he sees patients at dhmc ' s nationally recognized als center and also conducts research exploring the underlying mechanisms of the disease. one of the most common neuromuscular diseases in the world, als entered the national lexicon when the career of yankee slugger lou gehrig was cut short by the condition in the 1930s. in the u. s. today, about 20, 000 people have it at any given time and about 5, 000 new cases are diagnosed each year. role : it ' s not yet known what causes als, but there ' s increasing evidence that neuroinflammation is involved. stommel and dms neuropathologist brent harris, m. d., ph. d., have looked at the role of tumor necrosis factor - alpha ( tnf - a ), a pro - inflammatory molecule present at elevated levels in als patients. their study, published in the april issue of neuroscience, showed that tnf - a induces the redistribution of mitochondria about 5, 000 new cases of als are diagnosed each year. in motor neurons grown in the lab. mitochondria generate energy as well as release substances that can cause cell death. in the experiment, tnf - a caused the mitochondria to cluster where the axon — the part of the nerve cell that carries signals to other cells — meets the cell body. similar mitochondrial clustering has been noted in


cell death. in the experiment, tnf - a caused the mitochondria to cluster where the axon — the part of the nerve cell that carries signals to other cells — meets the cell body. similar mitochondrial clustering has been noted in patients who died of als. test tube : but stommel would extrapolate the finding to humans " with trepidation. " he says that " it ' s very hard to be sure that what you ' re looking at under the microscope, or in the test tube, has very much in common with what ' s going on in a live human or a live animal. " the team will continue to study the significance of neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in als. stommel and harris are also running a phase ii clinical trial to treat als using thalidomide, a tnf - a blocker. phase ii trials test whether a therapy, at a safe dose, works against a given disease ( while phase i assesses safe dosing, and phase iii compares new therapies to established therapies and / or placebos ). about 20 patients are enrolled in the trial but the dropout rate has been high, says stommel, mostly due to thalidomide ' s unpleasant side effects — including sedation, constipation, and blood clotting. thalidomide was once used to treat morning sickness in pregnant women but was banned in the 1960s in the u. s. after it caused birth defects in thousands of babies. but it has since been approved to treat some cancers. the team hopes to also test lenalidomide, a related drug that is more potent but has fewer side effects. the researchers believe that multiple risk factors are involved in the development of als, including genetic makeup and, as stommel puts it, " walking into the wrong situation at the wrong time. " some scientists suspect that exposure to environmental toxins such as aluminum, which is neurotoxic in high doses, might play a role. clusters : stommel and harris have also undertaken an epidemiological study of several als clusters — areas with an unusually high incidence of the disease — in new hampshire and vermont. they plan to test the water in those areas to measure levels of a neurotoxin produced by cyanobacteria that live in some lakes in the region. they agree that discovering a biomarker for als is key. " my guess is that to find successful treatments for als is


these days, nearly every college student owns a cell phone. in the classroom, cell phones are generally seen by the instructor as nothing more than a distraction. step into any college classroom during a long lecture or in - class film, and chances are you ’ ll see a handful of students typing away and sending text messages to their friends. with this behavior becoming all too common, it is no doubt why professors despise the devices and are asking students to turn their cell phones off completely during class. however, what students and instructors aren ’ t always realizing is the potential of cell phones in education. students have access to very powerful devices, especially with the rising ownership of smartphones. an article published recently by edudemic questions the next step of cell phones in education and offers the following interesting ways to harness the device ’ s power for effective use in education : - text reminders : since students generally check their cell phone more frequently than their email, the website remind101 has come up with a way to reach students when they are away from their computer, but not their phone. the site allows instructors to create assignment reminders that are sent to students via text message. all the students have to do is register with the site and subscribe to the class ’ reminders. - using the cell phone as a study tool : for students who want to study on - the - go, but don ’ t want to drag their heavy computer around there ’ s sites like studyboost. once the student registers, they can create their own series of study questions. then, using their phone, they can have the questions sent to them via text message. from there, the student answers the questions by replying to the studyboost number, and will instantly receive their results. - voting : using poll everywhere, instructors can gather opinions and votes in their classroom. this tool also provides real time data, which is especially appealing to professors looking to save time. - accessing twitter : interestingly enough, twitter is becoming increasingly present in the classroom. obviously, smartphones have the ability to instantly access twitter via apps or an internet browser. however, there are also easy ways to access twitter with a basic phone! users can tweet by registering their phone and sending a text message to their country ’ s short code. if the user isn ’ t able to send text messages, tweetcall is also an option. tweetcall is a free service that lets the user call a phone number, speak their tweets, and have


you can view the current or previous issues of diabetes health online, in their entirety, anytime you want. click here to view latest type 1 issues articles popular type 1 issues articles highly recommended type 1 issues articles send a link to this page to your friends and colleagues. i have read and heard that warm - up and cool down are important in preventing pulled muscles and preventing muscle soreness. exactly how long and strenuous should they be? warm - up should last about 5 to 10 minutes and would be performed at a work rate or speed that is well below that used for the main workout. for example, a jogger might use walking as a warm - up, or a slow jog a minute or two slower per mile than the pace used in the main body of the workout. walkers should start out easily and work their way up to a brisk pace. weight trainers might do 5 to 10 minutes of light aerobic exercise such as described here before ever picking up the first weight. even then, the first set of each exercise should be light, approximately half the weight to be used in the heaviest set. for example, someone who will bench press 120 pounds in the last set might use about 60 pounds in the first set. the value of warm - up extends beyond pulled muscles. other benefits include shifting blood flow to the muscles and heating up the muscle and connective tissues so that they are more resistant to strain, but also because they work more effectively. warm muscle promotes the speed of chemical reactions that release energy for contraction. the addition of blood to the muscle allows for more of the energy needed for the muscle contraction to be released through oxidative chemical reactions rather than reactions not dependent on the presence of oxygen. this reduces the amount of lactate, a waste product, developed in the muscle. lactate interferes with chemical reactions and makes one breathe faster and deeper. together, all of these benefits make your body work more efficiently, comfortably, and safely. one study found vigorous exercise performed without the customary warm - up to be dangerous for the heart. most of the young, healthy subjects were found to experience abnormalities in their ekg during the vigorous exercise. this indicates that middle - aged and older exercisers in particular need to warm up thoroughly before starting to exercise. cool down is the light exercise that is performed after the main part of the workout. like warm - up, it should last about 10 - 15 minutes. contrary to popular opinion, cool down does not reduce muscle soreness. instead, it is always recommended because the easy movements


exercise that is performed after the main part of the workout. like warm - up, it should last about 10 - 15 minutes. contrary to popular opinion, cool down does not reduce muscle soreness. instead, it is always recommended because the easy movements during cool down promote the return of blood from the veins back to the heart. if one stopped running suddenly and simply stood still, the blood in the veins tends to remain there which reduces the volume of blood the heart receives which in turn reduces the amount it can pump. with reduced blood leaving the heart, the tissues rapidly become hypoxic ( low oxygen content ) leading to dizziness, possible fainting, and nauseousness. by continuing to move after exercise, albeit at a slower pace, the veins are squeezed by surrounding skeletal muscles which pushes the blood back to the brain, muscles, skin, etc. consequently, we recover much faster and feel better sooner. failure to cool down properly can lead to cardiac arrhythmia ( a heart that fails to contract at a constant rate ) and even a heart attack. as with lack of warm - up, middle - aged and older exercisers should view cool down as a critical part of a safe and healthy exercise program. 0 comments - feb 1, 1995 diabetes health is the essential resource for people living with diabetes - both newly diagnosed and experienced as well as the professionals who care for them. we provide balanced expert news and information on living healthfully with diabetes. each issue includes cutting - edge editorial coverage of new products, research, treatment options, and meaningful lifestyle issues.


there are nearly two million known species on the planet. but many of those won ' t be around much longer ; one out of every eight known bird species, one in four mammal species, and one in three amphibian species are at risk for extinction, according to the world conservation union ( iucn ), which maintains the red list, a catalog of the world ' s species classified according to their risk of extinction. " it ' s supposed to inform conservation practice, to be a wake - up call for the extinctions that are happening, " says caroline pollock, a program officer with the red list unit. animals that are classified as " critically endangered " are at the highest risk - - their numbers in the wild may be extraordinarily low or their territories incredibly small. " it is possible to bring them back, " pollock says, " but it is quite work - intensive and financially expensive. " here, a look at five species on the brink. native to spain and portugal, there are fewer than 250 of these felines left in the wild. habitat destruction has been a major cause of its decline as agriculture spreads through its homeland. additionally, disease has claimed a large percentage of the region ' s rabbits, one of the lynx ' s primary food sources. intensive captive breeding programs are currently underway to help save the lynx, pollock says. if they do disappear, the lynx will be the first wild cat to go extinct in more than 2, 000 years. the wild population of these frogs has declined more than 80 percent in the last decade. the plummeting numbers of the frogs, which are endemic to panama, is largely a result of chytridiomycosis, an infectious fungal disease that seems to be causing mass amphibian die - offs. the disease is still spreading, and deforestation is adding to the pressures faced by the frogs. though there are captive - breeding programs in place for these amphibians, they will not be released into the wild until conditions improve. fewer than 100 of these birds, which are confined to one small island in cape verde, remain in the wild. the birds have been threatened by drought and increasing desertification on the island, conditions that may worsen as a result of global climate change. because they build their nests on the ground, they also face risks from cats, dogs, and rats that have been introduced to the island. only 34 of these trees, native to mexico, remain. the plants have a low rate of pollination - - and don ' t reach maturity


ground, they also face risks from cats, dogs, and rats that have been introduced to the island. only 34 of these trees, native to mexico, remain. the plants have a low rate of pollination - - and don ' t reach maturity until they are approximately 25 years old - - and are also profoundly threatened by agriculture. one tree was cut down in 2006 to expand farmland, and insecticides decrease the number of pollinators available to help the trees spread. human - caused fires have also destroyed or damaged a number of these plants. it could already be too late for the yangtze river dolphin, or baiji. there has not been a documented sighting of these cetaceans, which lived in china ' s yangtze river and nearby lakes, since 2002. a search for the dolphin - - and the signature sounds that they make - - was conducted in late 2006 but turned up no evidence of the mammals. however, further surveys are still needed to determine whether the dolphins truly have disappeared forever. the baiji ' s population decline is due, in large part, to the development of chinese waterways and the expansion of commercial fishing. read more on helping endangered species by breeding captive animals in discover ' s recall of the wild emotion researcher jaak panksepp read more » sign up to get the latest science news delivered weekly right to your inbox!


[ date prev ] [ date next ] [ thread prev ] [ thread next ] [ date index ] [ thread index ] [ subject index ] [ author index ] re : new alvarezsaurid > anything that allows an animal to control its motion while > airborne, no matter how slightly, becomes a flight characteristic or i guess it just depends on your definition of flight. me, i would say that anything that allows an animal to control itself during gliding or parachuting is a gliding or parachuting adaptation. > flapping flight is a specialized form of flight that evidently appeared > in the evolution of birds well after numerous flight features had > evolved - - indeed, it ' s not yet clear whether _ archaeopteryx _ itself was > flapping flier. i would certainly agree that many flight adaptations > for reasons other than flapping flight ; but i would tend to disagree > evolved for reasons other than flight ( for the most part ), as i have why would it appear that flapping flight is a characteristic that evolved late in bird evolution? i think that it is quite clear that archaeopteryx was a flapping flier. it has characteristics that are only seen in volant, flapping birds : 1 ) assymetric flight feathers. 2 ) curved remiges. 3 ) ventral furrow on the shaft of the flight feathers. 4 ) hypertrophied furcula that has not degenerated or formed an obtuse 5 ) elongate coracoid that faces posteriorly. 6 ) heart - shaped ulnarae. basically i think that volant adaptations must have evolved for reasons other than flight for flight to evolve and only after flight has evolved have some of the more advanced flight features evolved ( strut - like coracoid for example ). get your private, free email at http : / / www. hotmail. com


light scattering system nanobiophysics core facility has a full set of light scattering equipment from wyatt including multiangle light scattering ( mals ) device, dynamic light scattering ( dls ) device, and hplc system ( agilent ) linked to mals. light scattering is a non - invasive technique for characterizing macromolecules and a wide range of particles in solution. in contrast to most methods for characterization, it does not require outside calibration standards. in this sense it is an absolute technique. wyatt technology instruments make two different types of light scattering measurements for absolute molecular characterization : * classical light scattering : here, the intensity of the scattered light is measured as a function of angle. for the case of macromolecules, this is often called rayleigh scattering and can yield the molar mass, rms radius, and second virial coefficient ( a2 ). for certain classes of particles, classical light scattering can yield the size, shape, and structure. * quasi - elastic ( qels ) or dynamic light scattering ( dls ) : in a qels measurement, time - dependent fluctuations in the scattered light signal are measured using a fast photon counter. qels measurements can determine the hydrodynamic radius of macromolecules or particles. light scattering is a technique that can be applied in either batch or chromatography mode. in either instance the sample may be recovered at the end of the measurement. since light scattering provides the weight - averaged molar mass for all molecules in solution, it is generally more useful to utilize the chromatography mode, though each technique has its advantages. although absolute molecular weights can be determined also via mass spectrometry, membrane osmometry, and sedimentation equilibrium ( analytical centrifugation ), only light scattering covers so broad a range of macromolecules including their oligomeric states. most importantly, light scattering permits measurement of the solution properties of macromolecules. while a sedimentation equilibrium run may require 72 hours, a size exclusion chromatography / light scattering study may be completed in well under an hour, and a batch mode analysis in a few minutes. these comparatively short run times coupled with the absolute determination of molar mass, size, and a2 make light scattering the method of choice for accurate and fast macromolecular characterization. for more information go to www. wyatt. com core facility will help you with obtaining free downloads of manuals, tutorials and software.


location sensing within mobile devices is reaching a new phase of development and distribution. this new phase, now commercially available for augmented reality developers, delivers powerful local search solutions. morton heilig introduces sensorama to the world, a machine capable of providing entertainment that engages all five senses. built similar to arcade amusements, the user experienced a virtual world. production of the sensorama spawned for heilig, another great idea : the head - mounted display. his telesphere mask became the prototype for head mounted displays that are used in military fighter jets – the uses of which were first seen by many in " star wars. " during this time, ivan sutherland devised one of the first complete augmented reality systems built with wire - frame graphics and a head - mounted display that required a head sensor which measured the position and angle of the user ’ s head. the system would then change the location of augmented objects depending on the view angle. boeing engineers tom caudell and david mizell began applying augmented reality in the design process. it ' s caudell who is considered to have coined “ augmented reality. ” augmented reality goes industrial in helping to design, build, and maintain objects. the era of virtual reality grows in development and application and seizes the imagination of hollywood and other industries including games, educational, and defense. librarians begin to explore ar to protect priceless manuscripts and books. the technology allows searchers to flip the pages and read the table of contents of rare old books and identify missing books from a shelf or collection. robert azuma in his hrl lab published a paper describing his team ’ s latest ar discoveries in both indoor and outdoor environments. there was also a big thrust in the ' 90s for enterprise bluetooth, rfid, and other wireless local lan technologies. it would be the late 1990s that would bring wireless data communications. so when azuma and his team calculated an outdoor solution for ar applications it was big news. the solution from hrl lab compensated for user motion which inspired freedom of use beyond the confines of a stationary presentation. the solution used a rate gyro, compass, and attitudinal sensors to display virtual text labels over distant points of interest. this era also saw mixed reality systems lab in singapore and project arvika in germany study augmented reality in both head - mounted displays and video screen interfaces. philippe kahn introduces his newborn daughter sophie to the world on the first mobile camera phone that enabled him to share her picture with over 2, 000 relatives and friends. kahn created a makeshift


study augmented reality in both head - mounted displays and video screen interfaces. philippe kahn introduces his newborn daughter sophie to the world on the first mobile camera phone that enabled him to share her picture with over 2, 000 relatives and friends. kahn created a makeshift camera phone in the hospital by pulling together a cell phone and a digital camera to send photos in real time. his invention was the beginning of lightsurf technologies which now powers mobile phones for most of the leading global manufacturers. benefon esc! nt2002 becomes the first gsm device with built - in gps. 2000s and the future in 2001, stargate sg1 showcased the long - term side affect of retinal scan display ( rsd ) on the user, including permanent optical nerve and brain damage. although ar has been around for over four decades it ' s only now the technology is taking off. head mounted displays using ( rsd ), which displays the image directly onto the eye, may reduce the need for bulky headsets, but consumers need to be wary of using technology that impacts our sight and hearing just because it is cool. pattie maes of mit ’ s fluid interfaces group is creating a new digital " sixth sense " for humans. maes ’ group is interested in how people can mix into their environment using a wearable device that turns any surface into an interactive display screen. maes intends to augment the data derived from our five senses with those that can be generated from a mobile computing device. to see more about mae ’ s solution, watch his ted presentation. the fundamentals of location - based augmented realitylocation sensing within mobile devices is reaching a new phase of development and distribution. this new phase, now commercially available for developers of augmented reality, delivers powerful local search solutions. mobile ar solutions finally have the components available to deliver solutions for mass adoption. basic requirements for all mobile location based ar solutions include a browser enabled smart phone with a high resolution camera, geo - positioning, accelerometer, light sensor, direction sensing, motion sensors and stabilizers, a processor able to calculate the visual information and decide overlay data to present and how it should be presented. additionally, the solution requires at least a 3g network and a data plan. when network coverage is slow to non - existent when national network coverage is non - existent, metropolitan area networks kick into gear. proximity location sensors determine if an object is within a distance - frame of a known location, e. g. wifi access hot spots within a campus setting that can


existent when national network coverage is non - existent, metropolitan area networks kick into gear. proximity location sensors determine if an object is within a distance - frame of a known location, e. g. wifi access hot spots within a campus setting that can provide triangulation data. there are two other methods for determining proximity and they include detecting physical contact such as pressure and touch : mobile touch screens and observing auto id such as point - of - sale terminals, road - way toll passes, and upc product codes. what this means is even if the carrier network is slow, mobile search ar can be used on a university campus, at an enterprise company with multiple buildings, within a defined tourist area, and a shopping mall as long as the mobile device shakes hands with the wifi network. beware of open - source solutions open source technology enabled apps are rarely supported by the carrier or handset manufacturer, thus if there is a problem the most likely outcome is the user will need to delete of the app and a require a refund. consumers and the brand advertisers behind the ar apps need to ensure that their ar apps are fully supported by the developer. augmented reality in real life toppan printing co ltd in japan supplies ar terminals for mass distribution. their terminals – about the size of a soda or mobile phone vending machine – are located in market places. based on the simple ability of a mobile phone snapping a qr code to acquire enhanced item descriptions on digital signage, provide new features to display windows, and help shoppers find stores, the toppan ar terminal when used with a mobile phone housing a high - quality camera, can recognize the package of a sample product, display a description of the product, and provide a view of the product outside of its security packaging. if you ' ve discovered a real life augmented reality mobile solution, please share.


description from flora of china herbs, clambering subshrubs, shrubs, or lianas. leaves alternate or opposite, entire, exstipulate. flowers small, bisexual or unisexual, or sterile and reduced, subtended by 1 membranous bract and 2 bracteoles, solitary or aggregated in cymes. inflorescences elongated or condensed spikes ( heads ), racemes, or thyrsoid structures of varying complexity. bracteoles membranous or scarious. tepals 3 - 5, membranous, scarious or subleathery, 1 -, 3 -, 5 -, or 7 ( - 23 ) - veined. stamens as many as tepals and opposite these, rarely fewer than tepals ; filaments free, united into a cup at base or ± entirely into a tube, filament lobes present or absent, pseudostaminodes present or absent ; anthers ( 1 - or ) 2 - loculed, dorsifixed, introrsely dehiscent. ovary superior, 1 - loculed ; ovules 1 to many ; style persistent, short and indistinct or long and slender ; stigma capitate, penicillate, 2 - lobed or forming 2 filiform branches. fruit a dry utricle or a fleshy capsule, indehiscent, irregularly bursting, or circumscissile. seeds lenticular, reniform, subglobose, or shortly cylindric, smooth or verruculose. morphology of the androecium, perianth ( tepals ), and the inflorescence has traditionally been used to circumscribe genera and tribes. pseudostaminodia are interstaminal appendages with variously shaped apices. filament appendages are the lateral appendages of filaments ( one on each side ). the basic structure of the inflorescence is the cyme ( branchlets arising from the bracteole axils, the bracteoles serving as bracts for upper flowers ), which can be reduced to one flower with two bracteoles and a bract. units of dispersal vary considerably ( capsules opening with lower part persistent, flower and bracteoles falling together, or cymose partial inflorescences breaking off above bract ) and can


two bracteoles and a bract. units of dispersal vary considerably ( capsules opening with lower part persistent, flower and bracteoles falling together, or cymose partial inflorescences breaking off above bract ) and can be characteristic for genera. several genera possess long trichomes serving dispersal at the base of the tepals. digera arvensis forsskal ( fl. aegypt. - arab. 65. 1775 ) has been reported from anhui. however, we have seen no specimens and are therefore unable to treat it in this account. about 70 genera and 900 species : worldwide ; 15 genera ( one introduced ) and 44 species ( three endemic, 14 introduced ) in china. ( authors : bao bojian ( ) ; steven e. clemants, thomas borsch ) institute of botany, chinese academy of sciences, 20 nanxincun, xiangshan, beijing 100093, peoples republic of china. herbarium, brooklyn botanic garden, 1000 washington avenue, brooklyn, new york 11225 - 1099, u. s. a. abteilung systematik und biodiversitat, botanisches institut und botanischer garten, friedrich - wilhelms - universitat bonn, meckenheimer allee 170, d - 53115 bonn, kuan ke - chien. 1979. amaranthaceae. in : kung hsien - wu & tsien cho - po, eds., fl. reipubl. popularis sin. 25 ( 2 ) : 194 – 241.


elementymology & elements multidict zilver – silber – argent – plata – – серебро – sulver frisian ( west ) argint romanian - moldovan slavicсребро [ srebro ] bulgarian серабро [ serabro ] belarusian сребро [ srebro ] macedonian серебро [ serebro ] russian сребро [ srebro ] serbian срібло [ sriblo ] ukrainian airgead gaelic ( irish ) airgead gaelic ( scottish ) argid gaelic ( manx ) other indo - europeanαργυρος [ argyros ] greek [ artsat ' ] armenian æвзист [ ævzist ] ossetian [ nukra ] tajik indo - iranian / indo - aryanরপা [ rupa ] bengali نقره [ nqrh ] persian [ ca ' di ] gujarati चादी [ cha. ndi ] hindi эзысь [ ezys ' ] komi шии [ sij ] mari сия [ sija ] moksha кeмeл [ kemel ] chuvash [ kumis ] kazakh кумуш [ kumus ] kyrgyz [ mongo ] mongolian [ kumus ] uyghur other ( europe ) zilarra basque [ verc ' xli ] georgian afro - asiaticفضة [ fiddah ] arabic כסף [ kesef ] hebrew [ gin ] japanese 은 [ eun ] korean เงน [ ngoen ] thai [ yin2 / ngan4 ] chinese other [ velli ] malayalam [ velli ] tamil north - americaiztac teocuitlatl nahuatl south - americaqullqi q ' illay quechua creolesrivru sranan tongo new namessilveron atomic elements history & etymology " and abram was very rich in cattle, in silver, and in gold. " ( gen. 13 : 2 ) the egyptians considered gold to be a perfect metal, and gave it the symbol of a circle. since silver was the closest to gold in perfection, it was given the symbol of a semi - circle. later this semi - circle led to a growing moon symbol, probably due to the likeness between the


, and gave it the symbol of a circle. since silver was the closest to gold in perfection, it was given the symbol of a semi - circle. later this semi - circle led to a growing moon symbol, probably due to the likeness between the shining metal and the moon glow. the noble metals, gold and silver, are found in the native state, and as is well known, gold and silver were used to make jewelry and sheet metal due to the great ductility and lustre of the pure metals. its malleability and ductility make it ideal for ornamental purposes. it was also used for paying debts, in personal and religious places decoration and in utensils of the wealthiest houses. some mineral scums in old mines of the near - east and in some islands of the aegean sea seem to reveal that by 5000 b. c. a method was already known to separate silver from lead. early gold and silver ornaments from the indian subcontinent are found from indus valley sites such as mohenjodaro ( ca 3000 bc ). the monetary use of silver may well be as old as that of gold but the abundance of the native metal was probably far less, so that comparable supplies were not available until a method of winning the metal from its ores had been discovered. it appears, however, that by perhaps 3000 bc a form of cupellation was in operation in asia minor and its use gradually spread, so that silver coinage was of crucial economic importance to all subsequent classical mediterranean civilizations. in astrology alchemy the seven heavenly bodies known to the ancients were associated with seven metals also known in antiquity : the long history of silver is reflected in the many different words for this metal. see the list of names to the left and in the overview of silver in over 100 languages ( click here ). we can identify at least seven diffent roots. the names in the roman languages ( except some on the iberian peninsula ), in the celtic languages and in albanian are derivations from the latin. it is the only element after which a country is named ( argentina > argentum ). silver, the proverbially bright metal, ( argentum ), is of a bright white colour with brilliant lustre, not affected by pure aire. silver suboxide is black, the monoxide is brown. silver is the best known conductor of electricity and heat ; ' tis extremely ductile ; fine silver wire of seventy - eight one - thousandth inch diameter will support one hundred and eighty pounds weight without breaking. sulph


two centuries of thought richard burton - 1964 two centuries later, hamlet still muses ; hamlet still broods ; and most critics still base their thinking on the vision of hamlet created by the romantics. he is a poet or philosopher by nature, and his reflections lead to internal conflict that inhibits actions. the following excerpt from the writing of yale university professor, harold bloom, serves as a good representative of the preservation, and continuing development of this line of thought. the largest mistake we can make about the play, hamlet, is to think that it is the tragedy of a man who could not make up his mind because ( presumably ) he thinks too much.... the fundamental fact about hamlet is not that he thinks too much, but that he thinks too well. his is simply the most intelligent role ever written for the western stage ; indeed, he may be the most intelligent figure in all the world of literature, west or east. unable to rest in illusions of any kind, he thinks his way through to the truth, which may be a pure nihilism, yet a nihilism so purified that it possesses an absolute nobility, even a kind of transcendentalism. harold bloom finds a foundation for this emendation of the romantic view in fredrich neitzsche ' s the birth of tragedy. | montaigne ' s experiential man avoids dionysiac transports as well as the sickening descents from such ecstasies. nietzsche unforgettably caught this aspect of hamlet in his early the birth of tragedy, where coleridge ' s view of hamlet ( like coleridge ) thinks too much is soundly repudiated in favor of the truth, which is that hamlet thinks too well. i quote this again because of its perpetual insight : while appearing to refute the notion that hamlet ' s excess thought prevents him from action, harold bloom argues that it is the quality of his thought that prevents action.


mirad / orthography and pronunciation last modified on 1 november 2010, at 22 : 49 ↑jump back a section orthography and pronunciation - the mirad alphabet has both lower - case and upper - case letters. the alphabet has the same base letters as latin or english, except that the letters qq, xx, and yy are considered non - native and are used only in foreign names and borrowings. also, the letters hh and ww are additional to agapoff ' s original unilingua alphabet and are unique in that they have no inherent semantic values ; they are used for various grammatical - only purposes. a unique feature of mirad is that every native letter is a semantically - significant atom in the language and can be thought of as bricks in lexical construction. see word - building - the order of the native alphabet is as follows : - a a a a b c d e e e e f g h i i i i j k l m n o o o o p r s t u u u u v w z - the above lower - case letters can also be represented as upper - case letters. in unicode representations and indexing, the uppercase graphemes precede the lowercase values. uppercase letters are used much as in american english, that is, for the first letter in sentences, proper nouns, etc. see # orthography for more details. as mentioned above, the mirad graphemes ww and hh are additional to the letters in the original unilingua and are used to form the passive voice of verbs and the correlative deictics, respectively. foreign names and borrowings sometimes also incorporate hh, qq, xx, and yy. - the following are classified as consonants : - b c d f g h j k l m n p r s t v w z | * note : the author of unilingua did not include the letters hh or ww as native graphemes. they have been added in mirad in order to encompass word structures not included by agapoff, in addition to interjections and foreign names. see more on this under # vowels. | - vowels, or more accurately, vowel nuclei consist of plain vowels and yodified vowels, that is, vowels that have a y - glide sound before, after, or around them. a synonym of yodified is palatalized. - the plain vowels are ( only miniscules listed here ) : -


yodified vowels, that is, vowels that have a y - glide sound before, after, or around them. a synonym of yodified is palatalized. - the plain vowels are ( only miniscules listed here ) : - a e i o u - the yodified vowel nuclei are : - a e i o u ( pre - yodified ) - a e i o u ( post - yodified ) - a e i o u ( circum - yodified ) | note : the author of unilingua used non - roman letters to represent some of the pre - yodified vowels ( я = a, е = e, ø = o, and ю = u. the author employed a hacek ( called ille in french ) over the vowel to represent post - yodification ( a = a, e = e, etc. ). this revised mirad textbook, however, uses the acute accent ( as in french ete ) for the pre - yodified vowels, the grave accent ( as in french pere ) for the post - yodified vowels, and the circumflex accent ( as in french fete ) for the circum - yodified vowels. it must be remembered, however, that a, o, and other yodified vowels are considered single vowels or vowel nuclei in any analysis of the language, not dipthongs or tripthongs ). in other words, the accents are merely graphemic devices to distinguish vowels qualitatively, and thereby semantically. | - despite agapoff ' s idiosyncratic system of punctuation, the punctuation symbols and usage in mirad are just like those of american english. - capitalization in mirad follows the same rules as in english. european learners need to be especially careful to capitalize the first letter of the names of languages, nationalities, and inhabitants, which in most european languages are left in lowercase. - note the following examples. the words are all capitalized because the root word is the name of the country china : | kina | | chinese ( people or nation ) [ adj. ] | | kinad | | chinese ( language ) [ n. ] | | kinada | | chinese ( language ) [ adj. ] | | kinade | | in chinese [ adv. ] | | kinadaer | | to speak chinese ( pronounced : kee - nah - dah


. ] | | kinada | | chinese ( language ) [ adj. ] | | kinade | | in chinese [ adv. ] | | kinadaer | | to speak chinese ( pronounced : kee - nah - dah - ehr ) | | kinader | | to utter in chinese | | kinadrer | | to write chinese | | kina vidrun | | chinese calligraphy | | kinadeder | | to read chinese | | kinena | | in the chinese way [ adv. ] | | kin - amerika veani | | sino - american relations | | kinconi | | things chinese ( pronounced : keen - soh - nee ) | | kinaser | | to sinofy ( pronounced : kee - nah - shehr ) | | kintun | | sinology ( pronounced : keen - toon ) | - this chart shows the closest phonetic approximations of the mirad consonant graphemes in english and some other familiar languages, along with the exact value in ipa ( international phonetic alphabet ) : | c | | s | | see | | hace | | garcon | | watch out! sounds like " s ". | | h | | h | | how | | jota | | - - | | closer to the english value. | | j | | ʒ | | mirage | | - - | | jour | | as in " dr. zhivago. | | r | | r | | - - | | toro | | - - | | dental flap or trill | | s | | ʃ | | shed | | - - | | chaise | | a fricative " sh " sound! | | note! be very careful that the c and the s are not pronounced as their english or european equivalents. think of the c as being the french c cedilla ( c ). | simple vowel sounds - a as in spanish la ( ipa : / a / ) - e as in french the ( ipa : / e / ) - i as in spanish si! ( ipa : / i / ) - o as in spanish no ( ipa : / o / ) - u as in spanish tu ( ipa : / u / ) pre - yodified vowel sounds - these vowels are pronounced the same as the simple vowel above, but with a y - glide at the beginning. - a is like ya as in english yacht - e is like ye as in german


u / ) pre - yodified vowel sounds - these vowels are pronounced the same as the simple vowel above, but with a y - glide at the beginning. - a is like ya as in english yacht - e is like ye as in german jeder or english yes - i is like yi as in french yippie or english ye ( without the final y - glide ) - o is like yo as in german joga or english yo - yo ( without the final w - glide ) - u is like yu as in german juli or english unit post - yodified vowel sounds - these vowels are pronounced like the simple vowels, but with a y - glide at the end. - a is like ay as in english thai - e is like ey as in english fey - i is like iy as in english see - o is like oy as in english boy - u is like uy as in english fooey circum - yodified vowel sounds - these vowels are pronounced with a y - glide at both the beginning and end. - a is like yay as in english yikes! - e is like yey as in english yea! - i is like yiy - o is like yoy - u is like yuy | note the difference in pronunciation between aa, which is pronounced like a - ya as in spanish " playa ", and aa, which sounds like ay - a as in english diagram. ) | syllabification and stress - a closed syllable is one that ends in a consonant or a y - glide ( i. e., a post - or circum - yodified vowel ). a syllable consists of [ c ] v [ c ], where v, the vowel nucleus, can begin or end with a y - glide, but contain only one of the set of vowels [ aeiou ], and where c consists of one or two homorganic consonants, i. e. [ bcdfgjknpstvz ] + [ lrwy ]. - the rule for stress is : if a word ends in a closed syllable, then the last syllable receives the stress, otherwise, the penultimate ( next - to - last ) syllable receives the stress. | hafa | | hay - fa | | ( israeli town of ) haifa | | gracer | | gra - ser | | to be extreme | - every vowel in mirad is given its full syllabic pronunciation, even when juxtap


| | this article relies largely or entirely upon a single source. ( june 2009 ) | | look up award in wiktionary, the free dictionary. | an award is something given to a person or a group of people to recognize their excellence in a certain field ; a certificate of excellence. awards are often signified by trophies, titles, certificates, commemorative plaques, medals, badges, pins, or ribbons. an award may carry a monetary prize given to the recipient ; for example, the nobel prize for contributions to society or the pulitzer prize for literary achievements. an award may also simply be a public acknowledgment of excellence, without any tangible token or prize. awards can be given by any person or institution, although the prestige of an award usually depends on the status of the awarder. usually, awards are given by an organization of some sort, or by the office of an official within an organization or government. for instance, a special presidential citation ( as given by the president of the united states ) is a public announcement giving an official place of honor ( e. g., president ronald reagan gave a special presidential citation in 1984 to the disney channel for its excellent children ' s television programming. ) however there are exceptions like some quality labels, for which it is neither person nor organizations that are rewarded, but products. this is the case for the world quality selections organized by monde selection. these international awards are assigned to beverages, foods, cosmetics and diet products, which stand out for their quality. people who have won certain prestigious awards, such as the nobel prize, a championship title in a sport, or an academy award ( oscar ), can have the award become their identity, thereafter being known primarily for winning the award, rather than for any other achievement or occupation. to distinctly be categorized as an ' award ', rather than some other type of ceremonial or arbitrary recognition, there should be a clear process of nominations, award criteria and appropriate judging process. generally, recognition by a set of peers, acknowledging quality of work, rather than a ' popularity contest ' is considered to be an authentic award. mock awards, which typically recognize failures or atypical achievements, are also popular. they are usually given by people and organizations of lower or average prestige, such as comical organizations and individual writers. popular mock awards include : - golden raspberry awards ( razzies ), a satirical counterpart to the academy award which recognizes the worst acting, screenwriting, songwriting, directing, and films that the film industry had to


organizations and individual writers. popular mock awards include : - golden raspberry awards ( razzies ), a satirical counterpart to the academy award which recognizes the worst acting, screenwriting, songwriting, directing, and films that the film industry had to offer - ig nobel prize, a satirical counterpart to the nobel prize, given for achievements that " first make people laugh, and then make them think. " - darwin awards, " given to people who seem to improve the human gene pool by accidentally killing or sterilizing themselves during a foolish or careless mistake. " one common type of award in the united states is the employee of the month award, where typically the recipients ' names are listed in a prominent place in the business for that month. a common mock award is the wooden spoon, given to an individual or team which has come last in a competition. some awards are given only after a fee is paid by the recipient, such as the german design award. - the kentucky derby trophy is an award worth $ 70, 000 with an estimated 1000 man hours of labor. - ken bensinger ( 2006 - 12 - 14 ). " the bogies : radar nominates the most bogus awards in america ". radar online. archived from the original on 2007 - 06 - 03. retrieved 2007 - 06 - 07.


86 ). ingerid ' s descendants, the house of bjelbo, would ascend to the throne of sweden and norway and canute iv ' s blood returned to the danish throne in the person of first olaf ii of denmark. king of denmark | king of denmark | | predecessor | | harald iii of hen | | successor | | olaf i hunger | | spouse | | adela of flanders | | blessed charles the good | father | | sweyn ii estridsson | | died | | 10 july1086 ( aged 43 – 44 ) st. alban ' s priory, odense | burial | | st. canute ' s cathedral | canute quickly proved himself to be a highly ambitious king as well as a devout one. he enhanced the authority of the church, and demanded austere observation of church holidays. he gave large gifts to the churches in dalby, odense, roskilde, and viborg, and especially to lund. ever a champion of the church, he sought to enforce the collection of tithes. his aggrandizement of the church served to create a powerful ally, who in turn supported canute ' s power position. in may 1085, canute wrote a letter of donation to lund cathedral which was under construction, granting it large tracts of lands in scania, zealand, and amager. he founded lund cathedral school at the same time. canute had gathered the land largely as pay for the pardon of outlawed subjects. the clerics at lund got extended prerogatives of the land, being able to tax and fine the peasantry there. however, knud kept his universal royal rights to pardon the outlaws, fine subjects who failed to answer his leding call to war, and demand transportation for his retinue. his reign was marked by vigorous attempts to increase royal power in denmark, by stifling the nobles and keeping them to the word of the law. canute issued edicts arrogating to himself the ownership of common land, the right to the goods from shipwrecks, and the right to inherit the possessions of foreigners and kinless folk. he also issued laws to protect freed thralls as well as foreign clerics and merchants. these policies led to discontent among his subjects, who were unaccustomed to a king claiming such powers and interfering in their daily lives. aborted attempt on england but canute ' s ambitions were not purely domestic. as the grandnephew of canute the


discontent among his subjects, who were unaccustomed to a king claiming such powers and interfering in their daily lives. aborted attempt on england but canute ' s ambitions were not purely domestic. as the grandnephew of canute the great, who ruled england, denmark and norway until 1035, canute considered the crown of england to be rightfully his. he therefore regarded william i of england as a usurper. in 1085, with the support of his father - in - law count robert and olaf iii of norway, canute planned an invasion of england and called his fleet in leding at the limfjord. the fleet never set sail, as canute was preoccupied in schleswig due to the potential threat of henry iv, holy roman emperor, with whom both denmark and flanders were on unfriendly terms. canute feared the invasion of henry, whose enemy rudolf of rheinfelden had sought refuge in denmark. the warriors of the fleet, mostly made up of peasants who needed to be home for the harvest season, got weary of waiting, and elected canute ' s brother olaf ( the later olaf i of denmark ) to argue their case. this raised the suspicion of canute, who had olaf arrested and sent to flanders. the leding was eventually dispersed and the peasants tended to their harvests, but canute intended to reassemble within a year. before the fleet could reassemble, a peasant revolt broke out in vendsyssel, where canute was staying, in early 1086. canute first fled to schleswig, and eventually to odense. on 10 july 1086, canute and his men took refuge inside the wooden st. alban ' s priory in odense. the rebels stormed into the church and slew canute, along with his brother benedict and seventeen of their followers, before the altar. according to chronicler ælnoth of canterbury, canute died following a lance thrust in the flank. he was succeeded by olaf as olaf i of denmark. because of his martyrdom and advocacy of the church, canute quickly began to be considered a saint. under the reign of olaf, denmark suffered from crop failure, which was seen as divine retribution for the sacrilege killing of canute. miracles were soon reported as taking place at his grave, and his canonization was already being sought during the reign of olaf. on 19 april 1101, persuaded by the envoys from eric iii of denmark, pope paschal ii confirmed the " cult of can