easiest way is to stay right here, click on the product code sheet. i ' ll see at the top of the screen here where it has the formula that i ' m building up on the top of the screen. i will now notice that it ' s automatically changed product codes. and now i ' m going to select the cell range of b2 through c7, which has the product code as well as the product details next to each code. so that gives my look up table. i ' m going to now look up from that table. once i ' ve done that, i can go ahead and hit comma. and then i ' ll notice the next highlighted field is column index number. and the column index number is - - after i ' ve looked up that value - - so i ' m looking up spn right now - - what do i want to return? what column out of that table do i want to return? well, i want to return the product details column, which we would typically associate with the c column. but in this instance, in the small table we ' ve defined, it ' s actually column two. so we want to return column two, whatever the value is in column two. and then we put the next comma in, which is asking for a range look up. and do we want an approximate match? so if spn ' s not found, do we want to give the next closest value? or do we want an exact match? so if spn ' s not found, we ' ll give some sort of error. the best thing to do is doing a exact match, because approximate match isn ' t always the most reliable in the world. so we ' ll select false, or double click on exact match. i ' ll close my formula. and i ' ve basically created the entire formula the way i need it. so then when i hit enter, i get an error. what did i do? product codes - - oh, i know what i did. i clicked too many times when i was in there. good troubleshooting. so i had clicked too many times when i was in there. i got click happy. and it inserted product codes table twice. so basically, after i ' ve done this, it ' s smart enough now to look up spn, verify that table in that other worksheet, and then return the details of what an spn product code is, which happens to be a six inch dinner spoon, gold tone.


readwritethink couldn ' t publish all of this great content without literacy experts to write and review for us. if you ' ve got lessons plans, activities, or other ideas you ' d like to contribute, we ' d love to hear from you. find the latest in professional publications, learn new techniques and strategies, and find out how you can connect with other literacy professionals. teacher resources by grade | 1st - 2nd | | 3rd - 4th | | 5th - 6th | | 7th - 8th | | 9th - 10th | | 11th - 12th | characters in because of winn - dixie : making lists of ten | grades | | 3 – 5 | | lesson plan type | | standard lesson | | estimated time | | five 50 - minute sessions plus independent reading time | in kate dicamillo ’ s book because of winn - dixie, the protagonist, opal, learns about her absent mother when her father shares ten things about her. working as a class, students match items from the list of ten things describing opal ' s mother in the novel with the basic elements of characterization. next, they work in small groups to go through the same process with the list of ten things describing winn - dixie. students then create an individual list describing another character in the book. finally, students extend this process to another book they are reading by recording ten characteristics on a printable bookmark, ranking those characteristics in terms of importance, and then publishing them in a flip book format. three elements of characterization : this resource introduces students to the three elements of characterization, as well as some basic vocabulary terms related to characters. flip book interactive : this online tool allows students to type and illustrate tabbed flip books up to ten pages long. in her " teaching ideas " column, diana mitchell states, " students tire of responding to novels in the same ways. they want new ways to think about a piece of literature and new ways to dig into it " ( 92 ). mitchell provides fifty suggestions on exploring new directions and responding with greater depth to the books read by students. this lesson plan provides a similar alternative by asking students to identify key details from the book in a way that goes beyond the ordinary while still focusing on comprehension. mitchell, diana. " fifty alternatives to the book report. " english journal 87. 1 ( january 1998 ) : 92 - 95.


pliers common types a selection of articles related to pliers common types. original articles from our library related to the pliers common types. see table of contents for further available material ( downloadable resources ) on pliers common types. - astral beings and wildlife - the astral dimension contains a wide variety of what could be called non - physical subtle energy life - forms ; or as carlos castenada so aptly calls them : inorganic beings. some of these have a positive nature ( nice ) and some seem have a negative nature ( not so... parapsychology > > astral projection - what are the different types of magick? - these is high and low, black and white, tantric, and chaos magick, there are candle, herb, sympathetic, representational, symbolic, color, crystal, knot, moon, and elemental magick. now this is not a complete list, there are many more such as fairy, tree,... mystic sciences > > magick - the religious experience : a wiccan viewpoint - what is religion? religion is a set of beliefs which allow us to understand and categorize our world and our place in it. a set of beliefs which define our culture, our expectations, our views of people and behaviors we expect. i have found several different... religion & philosophy > > religions - an overview of different types of scrying - scrying is a method of divination. it consists of gazing into a crystal, a mirror or some water for example, anything shiny really, in order to enter altered mind states... a good cliche that best describes scrying is the gypsy fortune - teller and her large... divination > > scrying - story of the celts : the ancient celts - the ancient celts [ 8 ] what is surprising to most modern readers is just how widespread across europe the celts once were. the celts have been called the " fathers of europe, " that is north of the greco - roman mediterranean. long before the germanic... history & anthropology > > celtic & irish - what is hypnotic trance? does it provide unusual physical or mental capacities? - 2. 1 ' trance ; ' descriptive or misleading? most of the classical notions of hypnosis have long held that hypnosis was special in some way from other types of interpersonal communication and that an induction ( preparatory process considered by some to be... parapsychology > > h


most of the classical notions of hypnosis have long held that hypnosis was special in some way from other types of interpersonal communication and that an induction ( preparatory process considered by some to be... parapsychology > > hypnosis pliers common types is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors ' articles, see section below for printable documents, pliers common types books and related discussion. suggested pdf resources - clover safe # 90 using pliers safely - most types of have jaws located at the tips. pliers are primarily used for gripping, twisting, turning, and cutting objects. - using pliers safely - anr environmental health & safety - most types of pliers have serrated jaws located at the tips. - assembling means putting the parts of something together. for - square jaws are useful for bending corners on thin metal. fig. 24 - 6 using an offset screwdriver. - the toolbox - the most common type of pliers are slip - joint pliers ( 8 ” ) which have jaws that can be adjusted to grip large or small things. suggested web resources - pliers - wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - pliers are a hand tool used to hold objects firmly, for bending, or physical there are many kinds of pliers made for various general and specific purposes. - types of pliers - describes the types and features of various pliers. types of pliers. there are several types of pliers, each suited to a different task. - types of pliers - pliers are two - handled, two - jawed hand tools used mainly for gripping, twisting, here are some of the main types of pliers. insulated handles are common. - what are the most and less common types of pliers | trend - jul 27, 2011 one of the most common tools that are widely used by several people when fixing appliances or engines is called pliers. - osh answers : pliers and wire cutters - aug 17, 2010 what are common types of pliers and wire cutters? what are some safety tips to know when using pliers and wire cutters? great care has been taken to prepare the information on this page. elements of the content come from factual and lexical knowledge databases, realmagick. com library and third - party sources. we appreciate your suggestions and comments on further improvements of the site.


synthetic biology : tum researchers develop novel kind of fluorescent protein proteins are the most important functional biomolecules in nature with numerous applications in life science research, biotechnology and medicine. so how can they be modified in the most effective way to attain certain desired properties? in the past, the modifications were usually carried out either chemically or via genetic engineering. the team of professor arne skerra from the tum chair of biological chemistry has now developed a more elegant combined solution : by extending the otherwise universal genetic code, the scientists are able to coerce bacterial cells to produce tailored proteins with synthetic functional groups. to put their idea to the test, they set out to crack a particularly hard nut : the scientists wanted to incorporate a non - natural amino acid at a specific site into a widely used natural protein. in bioresearch this protein is commonly known as " gfp " ( = green fluorescent protein ). it emits a bright green glow and stems originally from a jellyfish that uses the protein to make itself visible in the darkness of the deep sea. the team chose a pale lavender coumarin pigment, serving as side chain of a non - natural amino acid, as the synthetic group. the scientists " fed " this artificial amino acid to a laboratory culture of escherichia coli bacteria “ “ the microorganism workhorses of genetic engineering, whose natural siblings are also found in the human intestine. since the team had transferred the modified genetic blueprints for the gfp to the bacteria “ “ including the necessary biosynthesis machinery “ “ it incorporated the coumarin amino acid at a very specific site into the fluorescent protein. this spot in the gfp was carefully chosen, explains professor skerra : " we positioned the synthetic amino acid at a very close distance from the fluorescence center of the natural protein. " the scientists employed the principle of the so - called foerster resonance energy transfer, or fret for short. under favorable conditions, this process of physical energy transfer, named after the german physical chemist theodor foerster, allows energy to be conveyed from one stimulated pigment to another in a radiation - less manner. it was precisely this fret effect that the scientists implemented very elegantly in the new fluorescent protein. they defined the distance between the imported chemical pigment and the biological blue - green ( cyan, to be more precise ) pigment of the jellyfish protein in such a way that the interplay between the two dyes resulted in a completely novel kind of fluorescent


defined the distance between the imported chemical pigment and the biological blue - green ( cyan, to be more precise ) pigment of the jellyfish protein in such a way that the interplay between the two dyes resulted in a completely novel kind of fluorescent chimeric biomolecule. because of the extreme proximity of the two luminescent groups the pale lavender of the synthetic amino acid can no longer be detected ; instead, the typical blue - green color of the fluorescent protein dominates. " what is special here, and different from the natural gfp, is that, thanks to the synthetically incorporated amino acid, the fluorescence can be excited with a commercially available black - light lamp in place of an expensive dedicated laser apparatus, " explains sebastian kuhn, who conducted these groundbreaking experiments as part of his doctoral thesis. according to skerra, the design principle of the novel bio - molecule, which is characterized by a particularly large and hard to achieve wavelength difference between excitation and emitted light, should open numerous interesting applications : " we have now demonstrated that the technology works. our strategy will enable the preparation of customized fluorescent proteins in various colors for manifold future purposes. " this research project was financially supported by the german research foundation ( dfg ) as part of the excellence cluster " munich center for integrated protein science " ( cips - m ). on the net :


grafton - - there is a mountain ' s worth of historical and cultural significance in the presidential re - inauguration slated for today. president barack obama, the first black commander - in - chief in american history, is set to take the oath of his office to begin his second term on a day designated to honor a man who made obama ' s journey possible. martin luther king jr. day, named after the late civil rights pioneer, was signed into law by president ronald reagan in 1983 and though some states were reluctant to recognize it at first, the holiday is now federally celebrated. though controversial in his time, king has become a hero to many americans of all races and backgrounds and different regions of the country find their own unique way to preserve his message and memory. last week the vermont department of tourism and marketing opened an african - american heritage trail with several sites ( including grafton ) of importance to black history in the state. curtiss reed jr., the executive director of the vermont partnership for fairness and diversity, said the trail is intended to boost cultural tourism in the green mountain state and increase awareness of its track record of racial tolerance. " the trail is the result of a conversation we ' ve had over the last several years with the state government about how do we grow the economic pie in the state given the demographics, " he told the reformer, adding that there are also several the department did not reply to a request seeking comment by presstime. reed said vermont is one of the whitest states in the nation in terms of population but has a rich history of acceptance, opportunity and social justice. it is home to the first state constitution banning slavery within its borders, a strong abolitionist movement and the first african - american to earn a degree from an american university and get elected to a state legislature. one of the stops on the heritage trail is the grafton historical society. the town was once home to daisy turner, who reed " called probably the most enthusiastic and insightful storyteller that vermont has ever seen. " the daughter of former slaves, turner ' s family settled in grafton many years ago and her father alexander - - a civil war veteran - - slowly bought land bit by bit. " her father was a larger - than - life figure in grafton, " reed said. " they were a part of the fabric of grafton life. " daisy, reed said, was famous for her gripping stories about her family origins in africa, enslavement and eventual emancipation. reed said there are a lot of audio recordings and videos of her stories. he also


the fabric of grafton life. " daisy, reed said, was famous for her gripping stories about her family origins in africa, enslavement and eventual emancipation. reed said there are a lot of audio recordings and videos of her stories. he also said daisy was the oldest living person in vermont ( roughly 105 years old ) when she died in the 1980s. society president patsy ellis said one of the group ' s central themes has been the families whose history define the character of the town. " over the years we have focused attention on daisy turner and the turner family, whose story in so many ways represents our heritage in their struggle to carve out a life on a vermont hill farm, " she said in an e - mail to the reformer. " we are now proud to be able to share their story as part of the african american heritage trail. " the turner family ' s homestead is still in grafton, as is the daisy turner loop - - a 8. 5 - mile bicycle trail near the grafton pond. there is also an exhibit in her honor at the town ' s historical society and at the vermont folklife center in middlebury, a town which also is on the heritage trail. alexander twilight received a bachelor ' s degree from middlebury college in 1823 and eventually served in the vermont general assembly. the other towns on the trail are woodstock, manchester, brandon, windsor, strafford, browington, ferrisburgh and strafford. " these are all sites that have particular interest to history buffs. they say, ‘ come to vermont. there ' s a reason to come to vermont, ' " reed said. " these sites have existed for a long time but there was no sort of brand identity for them. " ferrisburgh includes the rokeby museum, a site of the underground railroad that led escaped slaves to freedom, and strafford was the home of sen. justin smith morrill, who sponsored the morrill land - grant colleges act. that legislation paved the path for black ( now historically - black ) colleges and universities, which educated former slaves and their descendants. " out of the black colleges and universities came the intellectual powerhouses for the civil rights movement, " reed said. " if a vermont senator had not had the foresight to seek the education of former slaves, there ' d no black colleges and the civil rights movement would have taken on a totally different shape. " reed grew up in st. louis, mo., but has called vermont his home since 1978. he thought the state is not


former slaves, there ' d no black colleges and the civil rights movement would have taken on a totally different shape. " reed grew up in st. louis, mo., but has called vermont his home since 1978. he thought the state is not a racial utopia ( citing an incident in bellows falls a few years ago when a white barber allegedly lied to a visiting black physician to avoid having to cut his hair, later saying it ' s difficult to cut a black person ' s hair ) but said an incredible amount of historically significant events have taken place in the state. he said many of ethan allen ' s green mountain boys were black. reed said appealing to the multi - cultural marketplace is vital to the sustainability of vermont ' s hospitality and tourism industry. he cited the census bureau as reporting there were more babies of color born last year than white babies and said demographers believe the united states will become a minority - majority nation within 29 years. reed said americans of color know about vermont ' s white demographics and might shy away from vacationing here because they fear how they would be treated. he said that mindset needs to change if vermont is going to prosper in a changing world. " ( the trail ) will increase the number of tourists coming to the state. the profile of those tourists are likely to be black or african - american or latino or whites who have ( an appreciation ) for history. " he said vermont is a beautiful destination for professional and amateur black associations to hold their annual conferences. he mentioned specifically the national brotherhood of skiers, a non - profit organization made up of over 45 active african - american ski clubs that could hold their events here, adding that the nbs has not come to the northeast since visiting lake placid, n. y., in 1984. " if your vision of who could enjoy vermont is limited to just white people, then you ' re losing out on the fastest growing market in the united states, " he said. domenic poli can be reached at firstname. lastname @ example. org, or 802 - 254 - 2311, ext. 277.


2003 findings on the worst forms of child labor - antigua and barbuda | publisher | | united states department of labor | | author | | bureau of international labor affairs | | publication date | | 29 april 2004 | | cite as | | united states department of labor, 2003 findings on the worst forms of child labor - antigua and barbuda, 29 april 2004, available at : http : / / www. refworld. org / docid / 48c8ca0120. html [ accessed 19 june 2013 ] | | disclaimer | | this is not a unhcr publication. unhcr is not responsible for, nor does it necessarily endorse, its content. any views expressed are solely those of the author or publisher and do not necessarily reflect those of unhcr, the united nations or its member states. | government policies and programs to eliminate the worst forms of child labor the government of antigua and barbuda created a committee to implement the un convention on the rights of the child in 2000. the government has also expressed its commitment to conducting research on child labor. based upon a unicef supported study on the needs of children and families, the government is developing a national plan of action on child survival, development, and protection while simultaneously implementing a public education campaign on child labor through the print and electronic media. in 1994, the government of antigua and barbuda revised its educational policy to improve the effectiveness of schooling. key achievements in terms of education in recent years include ensuring broad - based access to primary education for most children and providing a growing number of pre - primary education facilities for children. the government has employed officers to monitor school attendance and report their findings biweekly to the chief education officer and education officers. children who are repeatedly absent from school may be placed in foster care, and the parents or guardians of these children may be prosecuted in court. the government plans to improve data collection, monitoring, and assessment systems for education ; upgrade school facilities ; provide support to improve education efficiency ; and make education available to children with special needs, like the growing number of bilingual children in antigua and barbuda, children with disabilities, and children in conflict with the law. incidence and nature of child labor statistics on the number of working children under the age of 15 years in antigua and barbuda are unavailable, and there is limited information on the incidence and nature of child labor in the country. in 2001, children as young as 13 years old were reportedly involved in an organized prostitution and pornography ring. education is


years in antigua and barbuda are unavailable, and there is limited information on the incidence and nature of child labor in the country. in 2001, children as young as 13 years old were reportedly involved in an organized prostitution and pornography ring. education is compulsory and free for children between the ages of 5 and 16 years. according to unicef, most children enjoy access to primary education, however there are no nationally available enrollment statistics for antigua and barbuda. spanish - speaking children, children with disabilities, young mothers, and other children with special educational needs, face barriers to accessing primary education. child labor laws and enforcement the labor code, division e of 1975, sets the minimum age for employment at 16 years. the provisions also establish that children less than 16 years of age cannot work more than 8 hours in a 24 - hour time period or during school hours. children between the ages of 14 and 18 years must obtain a medical examination prior to employment. the constitution prohibits slavery and forced labor. the sexual offences act of 1995 raised the age of consent in antigua and barbuda from 14 to 16 years of age. the sexual offences act also prohibits prostitution, including child prostitution and makes the offense punishable with a sentence of up to 15 years imprisonement. there is no comprehensive law prohibiting trafficking in persons ; however, existing laws on prostitution and labor provide a legal framework to prosecute individuals for trafficking offenses. in addition, the offences against the person act, cap. 58 offers some protection to children who are sold, trafficked, or abducted against their own will and wishes of their parents. the ministry of labor is required to conduct periodic inspections of workplaces. the police and social welfare departments investigate the criminal and social aspects of child labor. in august 2001, a case implicating high - ranking members of society in a child pornography and prostitution ring was prosecuted in court. antigua and barbuda ratified ilo convention 138 on march 17, 1983 and ilo convention 182 on september 16, 2002. u. s. department of state, country reports on human rights practices – 2002 : antigua and barbuda, washington, d. c., march 31, 2003, section 5 ; available from http : / / www. state. gov / g / drl / rls / hrrpt / 2002 / 18316. htm. representatives from antigua and barbuda attended the ilo caribbean tripartite meeting on the worst forms of child labor in december 1999, and based on what was learned at the meeting, they


hrrpt / 2002 / 18316. htm. representatives from antigua and barbuda attended the ilo caribbean tripartite meeting on the worst forms of child labor in december 1999, and based on what was learned at the meeting, they expressed a need to reassess the country ' s situation with regard to child labor sectors in prostitution and drug trafficking. see u. s. embassy - bridgetown, unclassified telegram 1773, september 11, 2001. see also labour commissioner of the government of antigua and barbuda, letter to usdol official, october 18, 2001. u. s. department of state, country reports – 2002 : antigua and barbuda, section 5. see also lionel hurst, letter to usdol official, october 18, 2001. in 1990 ministers of education from the eight member countries that make up the organization of eastern caribbean states ( oecs ) met and established a regional educational reform agenda. according to the oecs reform strategy, areas for reform included education management, teacher and administrator training, and inadequate educational facilities including textbooks and learning materials. ministry of education, youth, sport, and community development official, education for all 2000 assessment : country reports – antigua and barbuda, unesco, 2000 [ cited june 28, 2003 ], analytic section 2. 2. 4 ; available from http : / / www2. unesco. org / wef / countryreports / antigua _ barbuda / rapport _ 1. html. unicef, antigua and barbuda, caribbean area office, [ online ] 2001 [ cited august 14, 2002 ] ; available from http : / / www. unicef - cao. org / publications / reports / promisetocaribbeanchildren / antiguabarbuda. html. ministry of education, youth, sport, and official, efa 2000 report : antigua and barbuda, analytic section 2. 2. 1. unicef, antigua and barbuda. see also ministry of education, youth, sport, and official, efa 2000 report : antigua and barbuda, sections 18. 104. 22. 168, 2. 2. 3. world bank, world development indicators 2003 [ cd - rom ], washington, d. c., 2003. from general observation, children over twelve years old do engage in part time employment particularly during summer holidays, generally with parental consent and with the right to utilize their earnings independently. see government of antigua and barbuda, antigua and barbuda national report on follow up


, children over twelve years old do engage in part time employment particularly during summer holidays, generally with parental consent and with the right to utilize their earnings independently. see government of antigua and barbuda, antigua and barbuda national report on follow up to the world summit for children and lima accord, st. johns, 2000, 7. given the economy ' s heavy reliance on tourism, government officials could not rule out the possibility of child prostitution or the involvement of children in drug trafficking. see hurst, letter dated october 18, 2001. see also u. s. department of state, country reports – 2002 : antigua and barbuda, section 5. according to the 1973 education act, it is mandatory for government to provide education to children between the ages of five and sixteen years. thirty of the 55 primary schools in antigua and barbuda are public schools where schooling is free. the government also provides free textbooks and schooling supplies to private schools through the board of education. see ministry of education, youth, sport, and official, efa 2000 report : antigua and barbuda, descriptive section 1. 0, 1. 3. government of antigua and barbuda, antigua and barbuda national report, 13. unicef, antigua and barbuda. hurst, letter dated october 18, 2001, u. n. committee on the rights of the child, initial report 2001 : antigua and barbuda, government of antigua and barbuda, west indies, 2001, 54 - 55 ; available from http : / / www. unhchr. ch / html / menu2 / 6 / crc / doc / report / srf - a & b - 1. pdf. u. n. committee on the rights of the child, initial report 2001 : antigua and barbuda, 55. constitution of antigua and barbuda, chapter ii, article 6, ( 1981 ) ; available from http : / / www. georgetown. edu / pdba / constitutions / antigua / ab81. html. sexual offenses act, part ii, 1995 1995 ; available from http : / / www. protectionproject. org / vt / 2. htm. u. n. committee on the rights of the child, initial report 2001 : antigua and barbuda, 12. u. s. department of state, country reports – 2002 : antigua and barbuda, section 6f. u. n. committee on the rights of the child, initial report 2001 : antigua and barbuda, 57


bill scanlon, nrel january 02, 2013 | 3 comments it takes outside - the - box thinking to outsmart the solar spectrum and set a world record for solar cell efficiency. the solar spectrum has boundaries and immutable rules. no matter how much solar cell manufacturers want to bend those rules, they can ' t. so how can we make a solar cell that has a higher efficiency than the rules allow? that ' s the question scientists in the iii - v multijunction photovoltaics group at the u. s. department of energy ' s ( doe ) national renewable energy laboratory ( nrel ) faced 15 years ago as they searched for materials they could grow easily that also have the ideal combinations of band gaps for converting photons from the sun into electricity with unprecedented efficiency. a band gap is an energy that characterizes how a semiconductor material absorbs photons, and how efficiently a solar cell made from that material can extract the useful energy from those photons. " the ideal band gaps for a solar cell are determined by the solar spectrum, " said daniel friedman, manager of the nrel iii - v multijunction photovoltaics group. " there ' s no way around that. " but this year, friedman ' s team succeeded so spectacularly in bending the rules of the solar spectrum that nrel and its industry partner, solar junction, won a coveted r & d 100 award from r & d magazine for a world - record multijunction solar cell. the three - layered cell, sj3, converted 43. 5 % of the energy in sunlight into electrical energy — a rate that has stimulated demand for the cell to be used in concentrator photovoltaic ( cpv ) arrays for utility - scale energy production. last month, that record of 43. 5 % efficiency at 415 suns was eclipsed with a 44 % efficiency at 947 suns. both records were verified by nrel. this is nrel ' s third r & d 100 award for advances in ultra - high - efficiency multijunction cells. cpv technology gains efficiency by using low - cost lenses to multiply the sun ' s intensity, which scientists refer to as numbers of suns. friedman says earlier success with multijunction cells — layered semiconductors each optimized to capture different wavelengths of light at their junctions — gave nrel a head start. the sj3 cells fit into the market for utility - scale cpv projects. they ' re designed for application under sunlight concentrated to 1, 000 times its


matched the lattice of the layer above it — and that also had the ideal band gap. " we knew from the shape of the solar spectrum and modeling solar cells that what we wanted was a third junction that has a band gap of about 1. 0 electron volt, lattice - matched to gallium arsenide, " friedman said. " the lattice match makes materials easier to grow. " they concentrated on materials from the third and fifth columns of the periodic table because these so - called iii - v semiconductors have similar crystal structures and ideal diffusion, absorption, and mobility properties for solar cells. but there was seemingly no way to capture the benefits of the gallium arsenide material while matching the lattice of the layer below, because no known iii - v material compatible with gallium arsenide growth had both the desired 1 - ev band gap and the lattice - constant match to gallium arsenide. that changed in the early 1990s, when a research group at ntt laboratories in tokyo working on an unrelated problem made an unexpected discovery. even though gallium nitride has a higher band gap than gallium arsenide, when you add a bit of nitrogen to gallium arsenide, the band gap shrinks — exactly the opposite of what was expected to happen. " that was very surprising, and it stimulated a great deal of work all over the world, including here at nrel, " friedman said. " it helped push us to start making solar cells with this new dilute nitride material. " good band gaps, but not so good solar material the new solar cells nrel developed had two things going for them — and one big issue. " the good things were that we could make the material very easily, and we did get the band gap and the lattice match that we wanted, " friedman said. " the bad thing was that it wasn ' t a good solar cell material. it wasn ' t very good at converting absorbed photons into electrical energy. materials quality is critical for high - performance solar cells, so this was a big problem. " still, nrel continued to search for a solution. " we worked on it for quite a while, and we got to a point where we realized we had to choose between two ways of collecting current from a solar cell, " friedman said. " one way is to let the electrical carriers just diffuse along without the aid of an electric field. that ' s what you do if you have good material. "


see what questions a doctor would ask. tremors in children : tremors in children is a condition in which a child has small spasms or involuntary rapid contractions and relaxations of muscles. see detailed information below for a list of 39 causes of tremors in children, symptom checker, including diseases and drug side effect causes. home medical tests possibly related to tremors in children : listed below are some combinations of symptoms associated with tremors in children, as listed in our database. visit the symptom checker, to add and remove symptoms and research your condition. review further information on tremors in children treatments. some of the comorbid or associated medical symptoms for tremors in children may include these symptoms : research the causes of these more general types of symptom : research the causes of this symptom in broader categories : research the causes of related medical symptoms such as : research the causes of these symptoms that are similar to, or related to, the symptom tremors in children : read more about causes and tremors in children deaths. mild worm infections undiagnosed in children : human worm infestations, esp. threadworm, can be overlooked in some cases, because it may cause only mild or even absent symptoms. although the most common... read more » undiagnosed stroke leads to misdiagnosed aphasia : bbc news uk reported on a man who had been institutionalized and treated for mental illness because he suffered from... read more » alzheimer ' s disease over - diagnosed : the well - known disease of alzheimer ' s disease is often over - diagnosed. patients tend to assume that any memory loss or forgetulness symptom might be alzheimer ' s, whereas there are many other less... read more » mesenteric adenitis misdiagnosed as appendicitis in children : because appendicitis is one of the more feared conditions for a child with abdominal pain, it can be over - diagnosed ( it can, of... read more » blood pressure cuffs misdiagnose hypertension in children : one known misdiagnosis issue with hyperension, arises in relation to the simple equipment used to test blood pressure. the " cuff " around the arm to measure blood pressure can simply be too small to accurately... read more » mild traumatic brain injury often remains undiagnosed : although the symptoms of severe brain injury are hard to miss, it is less clear for milder


around the arm to measure blood pressure can simply be too small to accurately... read more » mild traumatic brain injury often remains undiagnosed : although the symptoms of severe brain injury are hard to miss, it is less clear for milder injuries, or even those causing a mild concussion diagnosis. the condition goes by the name of " mild... read more » mtbi misdiagnosed as balance problem : when a person has symptoms such as vertigo or dizziness, a diagnosis of brain injury may go overlooked. this is particularly true of mild traumatic brain injury ( mtbi ), for which the symptoms are typically mild. the... read more » rare diseases misdiagnosed as parkinson ' s disease : a rare genetic disorder is often misdiagnosed as parkinson ' s disease for men in their 50 ' s. the disease fragile x disorder can show only mild symptoms in the early years, and parkinsons... read more » brain pressure condition often misdiagnosed as dementia : a condition that results from an excessive pressure of csf within the brain is often misdiagnosed. it may be misdiagnosed as parkinson ' s disease or dementia ( such as alzheimer ' s disease... read more » post - concussive brain injury often misdiagnosed : a study found that soldiers who had suffered a concussive injury in battle often were misdiagnosed on their return. a... read more » children with migraine often misdiagnosed : a migraine often fails to be correctly diagnosed in pediatric patients. these patients are not the... read more » vitamin b12 deficiency under - diagnosed : the condition of vitamin b12 deficiency is a possible misdiagnosis of various conditions, such as multiple sclerosis ( see symptoms of multiple sclerosis ). see symptoms of vitamin b12 deficiency... read more » other ways to find a doctor, or use doctor, physician and specialist online research services : research extensive quality ratings and patient safety measures for hospitals, clinics and medical facilities in health specialties related to tremors in children : rare types of medical conditions and diseases in related medical categories : conditions that are commonly undiagnosed in related areas may include : the list below shows some of the causes of tremors in children mentioned in various sources : this information refers to the general prevalence and incidence of these diseases, not to how likely they are to be the actual cause of tremors in children. of the 39 causes of tremor


some of the causes of tremors in children mentioned in various sources : this information refers to the general prevalence and incidence of these diseases, not to how likely they are to be the actual cause of tremors in children. of the 39 causes of tremors in children that we have listed, we have the following prevalence / incidence information : the following list of conditions have ' tremors in children ' or similar listed as a symptom in our database. this computer - generated list may be inaccurate or incomplete. always seek prompt professional medical advice about the cause of any symptom. select from the following alphabetical view of conditions which include a symptom of tremors in children or choose view all. ask or answer a question about symptoms or diseases at one of our free interactive user forums. medical story forums : if you have a medical story then we want to hear it. this information shows analysis of the list of causes of tremors in children based on whether certain risk factors apply to the patient : medical conditions associated with tremors in children : children ' s health symptoms ( 230 causes ), nerve symptoms ( 9132 causes ), neurological symptoms ( 9575 causes ), movement symptoms ( 6001 causes ), muscle symptoms ( 7251 causes ), brain symptoms ( 2787 causes ), musculoskeletal symptoms ( 6264 causes ), head symptoms ( 10192 causes ) symptoms related to tremors in children : doctor - patient articles related to symptoms and diagnosis : these general medical articles may be of interest : medical research papers related to tremors in children include : search specialists by state and city


1815 – she was born this year. 1840 – she married henry staton this year. 1848 – she is believed to be the driving force behind this year ’ s convention, and for the next fifty years played a leadership role in the women ' s rights movement. soon after their marriage they traveled to london, where henry stanton was a delegate to the world anti - slavery convention. there she met lucretia mott, the quaker teacher who served in many of the associated temperance, anti - slavery, and women ' s rights organizations with which stanton is associated. 1876 - almost thirty years after the seneca falls convention, stanton and gage authored the declaration of rights of the women of the united states, which anthony presented, uninvited, at the centennial celebration in washington in this year. 1902 – this year elizabeth cady standon died and like anthony and gage, did not live to see women ' s suffrage in the united states. she is nonetheless regarded as one of the true major forces in the drive toward equal rights for women in the united states and throughout the world. 1995 - the statue of stanton, mott and anthony housed in the us capitol was used as the symbol of the american delegation to the 1995 peking conference. this page is copyright © s9. com


sun lore of all ages, by william tyler olcott,, at sacred - texts. com p. 52 p. 53 some one has said : " if no other knowledge deserves to be called useful but that which helps to enlarge our possessions or to raise our station in society, then mythology has no claim to usefulness. but if that which tends to make us happier and better can be called useful, a knowledge of mythology is useful, for it is the handmaid of literature, and literature is one of the best allies of virtue and promoters of happiness. " the solar myth, above all others, commands the attention and interest of the student of mythology, for it is the very basis of the science ; it permeates the early history of all people, its influence has made itself felt in every age, and many of the customs that govern our lives to - day are of solar origin. the sun, above all that human eyes behold, is the chief element in life, the very essence of our existence, and to its beneficent influences we owe all that we possess to - day, that is of worth. how few realise this fact. " ' differentiated sun - shine, ' is the striking and suggestive phrase used by john fiske in his cosmic philosophy to stand for all things whatsoever to be found in this great world of ours ; from the tiny sun - dew, hid in the secret abiding places of spreading swamp lands, and the inconsequent midget it opens its sticky little fist to grasp, to the great forest tree, and all - consequent man armed with his conquering broadaxe. it is merely a terse symbolic way of describing the processes of cosmic evolution from the sun as the original source and continuous guiding power of our own special universe. " " back of the present sun figures in primitive and culture lore are the animistic conceptions of the sun such as that of manabozho, or the great white hare, of algonquin legend, or indra the bull sun of india. in course of time the zoomorphic sun gives place to the anthropomorphic sun, and finally we arrive at such personifications of the sun as osiris in egypt, apollo in greece, and balder in norse mythology. indeed it might almost be said that all the great steps in the onward march of the human race could be found recorded in the various and multiple personifications of the sun. " 1 our ideas concerning natural phenomena are but


balder in norse mythology. indeed it might almost be said that all the great steps in the onward march of the human race could be found recorded in the various and multiple personifications of the sun. " 1 our ideas concerning natural phenomena are but the result of past ages of research in the fields of science ; but when we come to a consideration of the phenomena that day and night present, in their ever - changing phases, we find it extremely difficult to clearly understand the mental viewpoint of primitive man regarding this continual change, for the uninterrupted sequence and constant repetition of this phenomena has dulled our faculties and it escapes our attention. in ancient times, however, this continual daily process was closely observed and seriously considered, and the sun in all its aspects became at an early date in certain countries a personified godhead. the expression " swallowed up by night " is now a mere metaphor, but the idea it conveys, that of the setting sun, was a matter of great importance to the ancients. however, the daily aspects of the sun were not alone matters of concern, the seasonable changes were closely observed, and the spring - tide sun, returning with youthful vigour after the long sleep in the night of winter, had a different name from the summer and autumnal sun. there are consequently, a multiplicity of names for the sun to be found in a study of primitive history and mythology, and an enormous mass of sun myths depicting the adventures of a primitive sun hero in terms of the varying aspects which the sun assumes during the day and year. there was simply no limit to the images suggested by these aspects, as sir george cox puts it 1 : " in the thought of these early ages the sun was the child of night or darkness, the dawn came before he was born, and died as he rose in the heavens. he strangled the serpents of the night, he went forth like a bridegroom out of his chamber, and like a giant to run his course. he had to do battle with clouds and storms, sometimes his light grew dim under their gloomy veil, and the children of men shuddered at the wrath of the hidden sun. his course might be brilliant and beneficent, or gloomy, sullen, and capricious. he might be a warrior, a friend, or a destroyer. the rays of the sun were changed into golden hair, into spears and lances, and robes of light. " from this play of the imagination the great fundamental solar myths sprang


the veda the sun is frequently called " the runner, " " the quick racer, " or simply " the horse. " this idea of the swift flight of the sun is further carried out by attributing wings to the sun, or dawn, and on the egyptian and assyrian monuments we find the winged solar disk inscribed. from this it was but a step of the imagination to regard the sun as a bird, and when the sun set the ancients said : " the bird of day is weary, and has fallen into the sea. " it is even thought that the hare is symbolic of eastertide, for the very reason that fleetness of foot was its chief attribute. it is also a significant fact that the solar personification of the north american indians was called " the great white hare. " " the more the babylonian mythology is examined, " says sayce, " the more solar is its origin found to be, thus confirming the results arrived at in the aryan and semitic fields of research. with two exceptions only the great deities seem all to go back to the sun. " of the mythology of egypt, the eminent authority renouf makes the statement : " whatever may be the case in other mythologies, i look upon the sunrise and sunset, on the daily return of day and night, on the battle between light and darkness, on the whole solar drama in all its details that is acted every day, every month, every year, in heaven and in earth as the principal subject of egyptian mythology. " the predominant mythological figures of egypt were so much involved in the sun worship of that country, and to such an extent sun - gods, that a discussion of their personality and deeds pertains more properly to the chapter on sun worship, and is omitted therefore in this place. there is one feature of solar mythology that is striking because of its universality, and that is the connection which the figures personifying the sun in various lands have with navigation. the jewish midrash compares the course of the sun to that of a ship, and curiously enough to a ship coming from britain, which is rigged with 365 ropes ( the number of days in the solar year ), and to a ship coming from alexandria which has 354 ropes ( the number of days of the lunar year ). in egypt we see on the monuments the figure of ra, the sun - god, in his boat sailing over the ocean of heaven. " the sun king apollo is with the greeks, " says goldhizer, 1 " the founder of navigation


. in egypt we see on the monuments the figure of ra, the sun - god, in his boat sailing over the ocean of heaven. " the sun king apollo is with the greeks, " says goldhizer, 1 " the founder of navigation, " and even the legendary charon, the ferry - man of the underworld, is a development of the solar myth. the roman sun - god, janus, is also brought into connection with navigation, and the peruvian sun deity came to them from the sea, and took his leave of them in a ship which floated down a river to the sea where it vanished. the ancient egyptians called the sun " the cat, " for, " like the sun, " says horapollo, " the pupil of the cat ' s eye grows larger with the advance of day. " the egyptians imagined that a great cat stood behind the sun which was the pupil of the cat ' s eye. the following sun myth found in india is quoted from anthropology by edward b. tylor. it relates that : ' ' vamana, the tiny brahman, to humble the pride of king bali, begs of him as much land as he can measure in three steps, but when the boon is granted, the little dwarf expands into the gigantic form of vishnu, and striding with one step across the earth, another across the air, and a third across the sky, drives bali into the infernal regions, where he still reigns. this most remarkable of all tom thumb stories seems really a myth of the sun, rising tiny above the horizon, then swelling into majestic power, and crossing the universe. for vamana the dwarf is one of the incarnations of vishnu, and vishnu was originally the sun. in the hymns of the veda the idea of his three steps is to be found before it had become a story, when it was as yet only a poetic metaphor of the sun crossing the airy regions in his three strides. " the ancient hindus enthroned the sun - god in a burning chariot, and saw in his flashing rays spirited and fiery steeds arrayed in resplendent and gleaming trappings. where we would say, " the sun is rising, " or, " he is high in the heavens, " they remarked, " the sun has yoked his steeds for his journey. " one of the common appellations for the sun in mythology is " the cow, " and the sun ' s rays are described as the cow ' s milk


they remarked, " the sun has yoked his steeds for his journey. " one of the common appellations for the sun in mythology is " the cow, " and the sun ' s rays are described as the cow ' s milk. in the veda this is one of the most familiar conceptions. these are good examples of the part imagination has played in the development of solar mythology. given the notion that the sun is a chariot, the rays are seen immediately to resemble steeds, and, likewise, if the sun be likened to a cow, the rays must peradventure represent milk. the sun ' s rays are compared more consistently with locks of hair or hair on the face or head of the sun. the sun - god helios is called by the greeks " the yellow - haired, " and long locks of hair and a flowing beard are mythological attributes of the sun in many lands. in an american indian myth the sun - god is described as an old man with a full beard, and the long beards of the peruvian and toltec sun - gods are often referred to in the mythological references concerning them. if mythology is regarded as a wondrous piece of tapestry, wrought by imagination and fancy, displaying in many hues the noble deeds of gods and heroes of the ancient world, then, the part woven by the greeks may well be considered the most conspicuous for brilliancy of conception and beauty of design of all that enters into this marvellous and priceless fabric. it has been said that greek mythology, in its dynastic series of ruling gods, shows an evolution from a worship of the forces of nature to a worship of the powers of the mind. it is beyond question the most complete in its details, the most perfect viewed from an artistic standpoint, the most beautiful and enduring of all the world ' s store of legendary lore that has come down to us, and in this wealth of mythology, the solar myth stands out supreme, as the central figure, clothed in the matchless imagery of a naturally poetical and highly artistic people. in the following discussion of the greek sun myths, there is much that seems so grotesque and fanciful as to border on absurdity, but the seriousness of the subject cannot be doubted, and, in order to understand it fully, with a true sense of appreciation, we must ever regard the legends as interpreting the natural phenomena of day and night. bearing this fact in mind will enable us to grasp the significance of much that would otherwise


, and, in order to understand it fully, with a true sense of appreciation, we must ever regard the legends as interpreting the natural phenomena of day and night. bearing this fact in mind will enable us to grasp the significance of much that would otherwise be meaningless. the daily motions and varying aspects of the living and energetic sun hero may be said to comprise the motif of almost every legend and myth bequeathed to us by the ancients. as in the study of sun worship, the sun - god helios first occupies the scene as the central figure in a widely spread and popular cultus, we will first consider the legends that cluster about this mythical personage whom the greek nation once revered and worshipped with all the fire of religious ardour. the most interesting myth concerning helios is that told of him in the odyssey. it relates that when the hero odysseus was returning to his home in ithaca, the goddess told him of the verdant island of trinacria, where the sun - god helios pastured his sacred herds, consisting of seven herds of cows and seven herds of lambs, fifty in each herd, a number which ever remained constant. odysseus, desirous of visiting this fair isle, set out forthwith, having been warned by circe to leave the herds of the sun unmolested lest he suffer evil consequences. having landed on the island, his companions enjoyed to the full the delightful climate, but as food was short, they ignored the warning of the goddess, slaughtered the sun ' s best cattle, and feasted on them for six days, when they took their departure. helios, deeply incensed by their conduct, and grieving for his lost herds, in which he had taken great pride and pleasure, besought jove ' s aid to punish them : the cloud - compelling jupiter replied : " still shine, o sun : among the deathless gods and mortal men, upon the nourishing earth, soon will i cleave, with a white thunderbolt their galley in the midst of the black sea. " [ paragraph continues ] and so it came about that through the might of jove a frightful storm arose, which well - nigh wrecked the vessel of the wanton adventurers ; but odysseus, resorting to heroic measures, prevented the loss of the ship, and his companions thus escaped with their lives. " nothing is so common in aryan mythology, " says paley, " as the mention of


adventurers ; but odysseus, resorting to heroic measures, prevented the loss of the ship, and his companions thus escaped with their lives. " nothing is so common in aryan mythology, " says paley, " as the mention of cows or oxen in connection with the sun. they seem to represent bright forms that appear to go forth in the form of luminous fleeting clouds from the home of the sun in the east. the stealing, and recovering, or killing of these oxen is the subject of many tales in the early greek legends. " we come now to the most conspicuous figure in grecian mythology, the redoubtable hero, whose life - deeds furnish the theme for innumerable legends, songs, poems, epics, and many of the noblest and most beautiful conceptions in the world of art. the fact that this distinguished and exalted personage personifies the sun, stamps phœbus apollo as the greatest and most widely known sun - god that mythology and history have produced. the story of his glorious birth at delos, and his successful combat with the great serpent that hera set in his path in the vale of crissa, and the establishment of his oracle at delphi, is related in the chapter on sun worship as pertaining more particularly to his deification. in the mythological biography of such a distinguished character as phœbus apollo we should expect, of course, to find allusions to his love affairs, and one of these is described in the myth of daphne which follows : daphne, the personified dawn, springs from the waters at the first flush of morning light, and as the beautiful tints of early day fade gradually in the light of the rising orb, daphne flees from apollo as he seeks to win her. in her flight she prays the gods to assist her, and it is related that, in answer to her prayer, she was transformed into a laurel tree, which was ever thereafter sacred to apollo. another myth refers to a hunting trip in which apollo was accompanied by his friend hyacinthus. they engaged in a game of quoits, and apollo cast a quoit which rebounded and struck hyacinthus a fatal blow. filled with remorse at the untimely death of his friend by his hand, he transformed hyacinthus into a beautiful flower which ever after bore his name. according to murray 1 " the object of this myth was to point to the alternating decay and return of life in nature, which in this instance is


by his hand, he transformed hyacinthus into a beautiful flower which ever after bore his name. according to murray 1 " the object of this myth was to point to the alternating decay and return of life in nature, which in this instance is conceived under the form of a youth, the disc which was thrown by apollo being clearly a symbol of the sun which scorches vegetation. " it is further related of apollo that incensed at zeus for causing the death of his son æsculapius by a thunderbolt, he shot some of the cyclopes, the forgers of thunderbolts. this brought down upon him the wrath of the supreme being, and apollo was banished from olympus. during his period of exile he served admetus as a herdsman. keary 1 claims that admetus is really one of the names for hades, and this reference to his service under him indicates his descent into the underworld for the sake of purification. here again we find the belief current that the sun at nightfall descends into the realms beneath the earth and waters. during his term of banishment apollo served laomedon, the prince of troy. as this master did not pay him the agreed amount apollo brought down upon the city a dreadful pestilence which depopulated the entire neighbourhood. vexed at his exile, apollo joined with poseidon in an effort to dethrone zeus. the plot failed, and both gods were sentenced to assist in building the walls of troy. apollo was far famed as a musician, and once had a quarrel with pan who claimed that the flute was a sweeter instrument than the lyre, which was apollo ' s favourite instrument. they agreed to refer the matter to midas, king of lydia, who favoured pan, and apollo, in his displeasure at the verdict, punished midas by causing his ears to lengthen till they resembled those of an ass. apollo apparently brooked no rivalry in his musical accomplishments, for when marsyas boasted that he excelled apollo in flute playing, the latter had him flayed alive. as a mighty warrior apollo distinguished himself in the trojan war when he took part against the greeks. his fury was irresistible, and it is said whole ranks of fighting men fell as he charged into their midst. being possessed of eternal youth, and the most accomplished of athletes, apollo came to be regarded as the patron of youthful athletic contests, and the pythian games he instituted to commemorate his victory over the python were celebrated in all lands. space does not permit of


of eternal youth, and the most accomplished of athletes, apollo came to be regarded as the patron of youthful athletic contests, and the pythian games he instituted to commemorate his victory over the python were celebrated in all lands. space does not permit of a complete recital of the many deeds of this famous sun hero. his favourite animals were the hawk and the swan ; his tree, the bay. he was represented in the perfection of united manly strength and beauty. his long hair hangs loose, his brows are wreathed with bay, and in his hands he bears his bow and lyre. the wonderful and famous apollo belvedere shows at the same time the conception which the ancients had of this benign deity, and the high degree of perfection to which they had attained in sculpture. few deities had more appellations than phœbus apollo. he was called delian, delphian, clarian, etc., from the places of his worship. he was also referred to as " the loxian god, " from the ambiguity of many of his oracular predictions. another appellation which the god bore was " lycius " which means either the wolf - god, or the golden god of light. he is also called " the mouse - god, " because he was regarded either as the protector or as the destroyer of mice. other names for apollo were " silver - bowed, " " far shooter, " " light producer, " " well haired, " " gold - haired, " " gold - sworded. " " the likeness between apollo and achilles scarcely needs to be pointed out, " says keary. 1 " each is the ideal youth, the representative of young greece, that which was to become in after years hellas. " in contrasting the character of the sun - gods, helios and apollo, we note a striking similarity. [ paragraph continues ] both are conspicuous for their brilliant appearance, both possess powers of producing and destroying life, and weapons that are invulnerable. they are endowed alike with inexhaustible powers of creating happiness or sorrow, pleasure or torment, health or sickness. the exercise of these versatile faculties furnishes the theme for the major portion of that great mass of legends which constitute the essential elements of aryan mythology. in the figure of herakles we have a sun - god and hero whose fame has gone afar into all lands, and every age since his time has likened its greatest deeds to the power and might he displayed in the accomplishment of


of aryan mythology. in the figure of herakles we have a sun - god and hero whose fame has gone afar into all lands, and every age since his time has likened its greatest deeds to the power and might he displayed in the accomplishment of his superhuman deeds. even to - day, the construction of the panama canal is often alluded to as a deed worthy of hercules, and the adjective herculean has a firm place in the literature and phraseology of modern times. the key to the sun myths that relate to the life and deeds of hercules is found in the idea of the sun ' s subservience to nature ' s immutable laws. the sun has a daily task which it must perform. it has a path to travel from which it must not deviate. it has ever before it a life of toil from which it cannot swerve. " nowhere, " says cox, 1 " is the unutterable toil and scanty reward of the sun brought out so prominently as in the whole legend, or rather in the mass of unconnected legends which is gathered round the person of herakles. " herakles was a son of zeus and alcmene. through the malignant hate of hera he was doomed from his birth to serve eurystheus, and, not content by thus consigning him to a life of servitude, the goddess sent serpents to strangle him while he was but an infant. the hero, however, possessed godlike strength even in his tender years, and easily destroyed the serpents, much to the amazement of those in charge of him. this struggle and triumph of the god over the serpents, is very like the successful combat apollo waged against python. it represents the great battle that the mythology of all lands presents, the subduing of the powers of darkness by the might of the omnipotent sun, the regent of light. this irresistible power, which is the chief attribute of the sun, is the predominant element in the character of the sun hero herakles, and enables him to perform at the bidding of his master the twelve stupendous tasks that brought him endless and imperishable fame. it is unnecessary to recite in detail these various labours. every mythology does justice to the subject, and allusions to them appear in the arts and letters of every subsequent age. it remains, however, to point out the solar significance of these mighty deeds, and how, even in


these various labours. every mythology does justice to the subject, and allusions to them appear in the arts and letters of every subsequent age. it remains, however, to point out the solar significance of these mighty deeds, and how, even in many details, they represent the sun ' s triumph over the obstacles that nature ever imposes. the first labour was that of the conquest of the nemean lion. the myth relates that, after slaying the ferocious beast, herakles tore its skin off with his fingers, and thereafter it figured as his shield in many a fierce contest. the lion ' s skin has been likened to the " raiment of tawny cloud which the sun seems to trail behind him as he fights his way through the vapours whom he is said to overcome. " herakles is next called upon to subdue the hideous lernean hydra. this creature was possessed of many heads, one of which was immortal. the hero succeeded in this task by burning off the heads whenever they were raised to attack him. the immortal head he buried beneath a stone. as the beast was possessed of many heads, so the stogy nu - wind must continually supply new clouds to vanquish the sun ; but the lighter vapour and mist, the immortal head, is only conquered for a time. the sun easily burns up the heavy clouds, the mortal heads, but only hides temporarily the immortal head which rises again and again to daunt him. in this fight herakles was attended by his friend iolaus, — this name recalls that of [ paragraph continues ] iole, signifying the violet - tinted clouds, the attendants of the sun in its serene moments. " in the third month the sun enters the sign libra, when the constellation of the centaur rises, and in his third labour herakles encountered and slew the centaur. these comparisons are traceable throughout the year. " for a detailed treatment of these myths the reader is referred to anthon ' s classical dictionary. in the madness of herakles we see a further proof that he personifies the sun, for, as the sun rises, it increases in power until its heat destroys the fruits of the earth it loves. herakles in his insanity kills his own children. the marriage of herakles with hebe, the goddess of youth, which took place after the performance of his twelve labours, denotes the renewal of the year at the end of each solar revolution. it is in the last act


own children. the marriage of herakles with hebe, the goddess of youth, which took place after the performance of his twelve labours, denotes the renewal of the year at the end of each solar revolution. it is in the last act of his life that herakles best portrays his solar character. the poisoned coat presented by his wife dejaneira is donned. it represents the clouds which rise from the waters and surround the sun like a dark raiment. soon the poison infects the hero ' s system, inflicting pangs of anguish. herakles tries in vain to cast it off, but the " fiery mists embrace him, and are mingled with the parting rays of the sun, and the dying hero is seen through the scattered clouds of the sky, tearing his own body to pieces till at last his bright form is consumed in a general conflagration. " in this death scene of the solar hero, and in the glories of his funeral pyre, we have the most famous sunset scene that has ever been presented for our contemplation. all the wondrous colouring that adorns the western sky at set of sun illuminates the canvas, and the reflection of the scene streams afar, lighting the waves of the ægean with its clustering isles, and painting in enduring hues a scene that all nations proclaim the sublimest that nature offers to man ' s vision. anthon thus writes of the sun hero : " if herakles be regarded as having actually existed, nothing can be more monstrous, nothing more at variance with every principle of chronology, nothing more replete with contradictions than the adventures of such an individual as poetry makes him to have been. but considered as the luminary that gives light to the world, as the god who impregnates all nature with his fertilising rays, every part of the legend teems with animation and beauty, and is marked by a pleasing and perfect harmony. " the latin hercules is indubitably identified with the greek herakles, and the legend of his life is identical with that of the hellenic hero. it sets forth the same great struggle between the powers of light and darkness that we find in the primitive hindu myth of indra and ahi, the source from which it sprang. one of the solar legends which has come down to us in the simplest form is that of sisyphus, who, so the myth relates, was condemned to spend his


hindu myth of indra and ahi, the source from which it sprang. one of the solar legends which has come down to us in the simplest form is that of sisyphus, who, so the myth relates, was condemned to spend his days in laboriously rolling a great stone to the summit of a hill. no sooner was the task accomplished than the stone rolled of its own volition to the base of the hill and his task began anew. if we regard this as a sun myth, we see how closely the details of the legend apply to the daily course of the sun. it appears as a great sphere or ball which gradually mounts to the zenith each day as if laboriously propelled upward, on reaching the meridian it immediately begins its descent to the horizon. again, the sun by reason of its penetrating rays and its commanding position, suggests a power and a light from which nothing can be hid. the personification of this all - seeing eye would therefore be an all - wise being. " the greek name sisyphus, " says cox, " is simply a reduplicated form of sophos, the wise, and so we have the image of a wise being compelled to ascend the heaven or mountain, and obliged in spite of his wisdom, his strength, and his power to come down as he had gone up. the idea of compulsion may soon pass into that of toil, and the latter into the thought of punishment, and thus the sun becomes a criminal under sentence. " in the myth of ixion we have another solar legend. ixion was condemned to a life of torture, being bound to a four - spoked and ever - revolving wheel. the name ixion probably means " visitor, " an appropriate name for the sun deity. the wheel revolves ceaselessly as the sun, and the condemned one is alternately raised into the high heavens, and lowered into the depths of the underworld. cox 1 points out a curious but well - known characteristic of solar myths. " it is the identification of the sun both with the agent or patient, and with the thing or object by which the act is exercised. ixion is the sun, and so is ixion ' s wheel. hercules is the sun who expires in the flames on the summit of mount œta, but the fiery robe which scorches him to death is the sun cloud. " the legend of tantalus again reveals the fact that at one stage in the history of man, anthropomorphic ideas concerning the sun


of mount œta, but the fiery robe which scorches him to death is the sun cloud. " the legend of tantalus again reveals the fact that at one stage in the history of man, anthropomorphic ideas concerning the sun were prevalent. tantalus was another victim of his misdeeds and consigned to eternal torture. it is related that he stood immersed in water to his chin, and yet dying of thirst, for as he lowered his head to drink, the water withdrew from him, and the earth appeared under his feet. to add to his torment luscious fruits hung alluringly from branches almost within his grasp, but no sooner did he stretch out his hands to pluck them than the wind blew them out of his reach, and their sight and that of the water only served to tantalise him. the figure of the tortured tantalus standing with his head alone exposed above the surface of the water clearly represents the sun setting in the western sea. " the ancients speculated, " says paley, " on the hissing and steaming caused by the red hot orb being cooled down and extinguished in the sea. fire and water could not co - exist, but in this myth the sun has the mastery, and it is the water that retires before the fire. hence homer says it was dried up by the god to punish tantalus. " the word " tantalus " means " the poiser, " the suspender in air of the huge disk of the sun, and one myth concerning tantalus relates that, as a punishment for his evil deeds, he was suspended in mid air with a huge stone hanging over his head ever ready to fall and crush him, like a sword of damocles. the ancients believed that the sun and earth were connected by a chain, and this fact reveals clearly the solar significance of the myth. it is further related that tantalus had had the honour of dining with zeus. this signifies that the sun ascended from the mundane sphere to the upper regions. primitive man believed as the bible teaches that all that exists will come to an end in a mighty conflagration, and that some day tantalus himself would be hurled from his throne in the heavens and consume the earth. paley says : " if sisyphus and tantalus do not represent the sun - gods, the deeds and sufferings attributed to them have no intellectual point or meaning, the origin of such wild fables is quite incapable of explanation.


. paley says : " if sisyphus and tantalus do not represent the sun - gods, the deeds and sufferings attributed to them have no intellectual point or meaning, the origin of such wild fables is quite incapable of explanation. on the other hand, if they do, every detail in the narrative becomes simple and significant. and if it can be shown even by a single example that the sun must be meant, then the doctrine of the solar myth is established. " another beautiful myth of solar significance is that of kephalos and prokris of which the following is a brief version : " kephalos, a phocian chief, coming to athens won the love of prokris, and plighted his faith to her. but kephalos was loved also by eos, who sought to weaken his love for prokris with a purpose so persistent that at last she induced him to make trial of her affection. he therefore deserts prokris to whom after a time he returns in disguise. when in this shape he has won her love, he reveals himself, and prokris in an agony of grief and shame flies to crete where she obtains from artemis the gift of a spear which shall never miss its mark, and of a hound which can never fail to seize its prey. with these gifts she returns to kephalos, who after seeing her success in the chase longs to possess them. but they can be yielded only in return for his love, and thus prokris brings home to him the wrong done to herself, and eos is for a time discomfited. " but prokris still fears the jealousy of eos, and watches kephalos as he goes forth to hunt, until one day while she lurked among the thick bushes, she was fatally wounded accidentally by the unerring dart hurled by kephalos. " this myth explains itself. kephalos is the head of the sun, and kephalos loved prokris, in other words the sun loves the dew, but eos also loves kephalos, i. e., the dawn loves the sun, and thus at once we have the groundwork for her envy of prokris. so again when we are told that though prokris breaks her faith, yet her love is still given to the same kephalos different though he may appear. we have here only a myth formed from phrases, which told how the dew seems to reflect many suns which are yet the same


prokris breaks her faith, yet her love is still given to the same kephalos different though he may appear. we have here only a myth formed from phrases, which told how the dew seems to reflect many suns which are yet the same sun. the gifts of artemis are the rays which flash from each dewdrop, and which prokris is described as being obliged to yield up to kephalos, who slays her as unwittingly as phoibos causes the death of daphne. the spot where she dies is a thicket in which the last dewdrops would linger before the approach of the mid - day heats. " 1 in the legend of phaeton we have a more familiar sun myth. phaeton, the son of apollo, obtains his father ' s reluctant consent to drive for one day the chariot of the sun. hardly does he start upon his course, however, when the fiery steeds, realising that the reins are in inexperienced hands, run away, and the destruction of the world was threatened. zeus hurled a thunderbolt at the unfortunate youth, and precipitated him into the river eridanus. " this myth reveals, " says cox, " the plague of drought, which made men say : ' surely another, who cannot guide the horses, is driving the chariot of the sun. ' " the legend of orpheus is akin to that of daphne in its solar significance, as in this case eurydice, although loved by the sun, falls a victim to his radiancy, as he seeks to embrace her. the myth of meleagros reveals the capricious nature of the sun, its variations of light and shade being expressed by the alternate succession of swift deeds and moody fits of the hero when he retires sullenly from the sight of men. in the legend of niobe the consuming power of the sun is manifested as aimed at those who have the temerity to face his dazzling brightness. the tale of althaia, regarded as a solar myth, relates to the destiny of the sun. in spite of its power and glory, it must die when the twilight hours usher in the night, but in the legend of perseus we see once more in the slaying of the medusa the victory of the sun over the powers of darkness. perseus, the sun hero, is another sun - god like apollo, and herakles. he has laborious tasks to perform for a tyrant master, invincible weapons


of the medusa the victory of the sun over the powers of darkness. perseus, the sun hero, is another sun - god like apollo, and herakles. he has laborious tasks to perform for a tyrant master, invincible weapons, and a victorious career. in the figure of œdipus, the national hero of the thebans, we have another sun - god whose life and deeds were identical in many respects with those of the great sun heroes already referred to. orion, the mighty hunter, immortalised with perseus and herakles in the constellations, is also a personification of the sun, and in the splendour of his deeds exhibits the characteristics that made his predecessors famous. the ancients attributed sudden deaths by sunstroke to the shafts of the angered sun - gods, and the sun was thought to seek the sea each night for the purpose of bathing, so that thus purified it would rise to shine the next day with renewed lustre. paley tells us that there is a well - known legend, the subject of the homeric hymn to hermes, which is considered to have a solar significance. " that cunning god, the patron of rogues and thieves of every description, the mercurius of the romans, is said to have stolen and driven off a herd of cows while yet an infant. to prevent the theft being discovered by the traces of the animals, he fixed bundles of brushwood to their feet so that none could tell the direction they had taken. now these cows are the clouds, the ' oxen of the sun ' which figure so conspicuously in the odyssey. it is a question of interest whether the roman legend of the fire - breathing monster and robber cacus, who stole the oxen of hercules ( the sun - god ), on his return from the west, is not in its origin identical. the story is told by virgil, propertius, and ovid. it is said that one of the cows confined in the cave suddenly lowed, and led hercules to the spot where he killed the robber and released the herd. the return of the lost sun after a thunder - storm explains the whole story very simply. the fire - breathing cacus is the lightning, and the voice of the cow is the muttering of the thunder. " space does not permit us to examine and discuss in detail the argument for the solar origin of the two great homeric epics, the iliad and the odyssey. the prayer of thetis to zeus to do


is the muttering of the thunder. " space does not permit us to examine and discuss in detail the argument for the solar origin of the two great homeric epics, the iliad and the odyssey. the prayer of thetis to zeus to do honour to her son, on which much of the action of the iliad turns, is clearly the ascent of the sun - god to heaven. " the might, the invincible prowess, the unwearied strength of the hero, and his powers of destruction and devastation, nay, even his divinely made shield, are merely attributes of the sun in his midday splendour. " the very fact that the sun myths have been so prolific is significant, and this is probably due to the fact that, as fiske 1 points out, " the dramatic types to which they have given rise are of surpassing human interest. " thus they have endured through the ages, and in these myths and legends which adorn the rich pages of grecian mythology we see man ' s effort to explain natural phenomena in human terms, to endow deity with man ' s heroic attributes, and to translate physical laws in the light of man ' s comprehension. as for proofs that most of the greek legends about the gods and heroes are of solar origin, it is pointed out that the same actions are attributed to them all. as paley puts it : " they are all slayers of monsters or powerful foes ; all court, or carry off, or return a bride ; all grow up brave, all perform some wonderful feat, all go in quest of some lost treasure ; generally they are exposed in infancy but survive to cause the death of their own parents. they perform set tasks or labours. [ paragraph continues ] they are faithless to their first loves, they are reunited to them in the end. the simple fact, as it appears to the sense, that the sun leaves the east, and yet is found there again on the very next day, was spoken of under the figure of a bridegroom torn from his bride, soon to be reunited. in the childhood of mankind the daily death of the sun was regarded as a reality. if he was born again it was not from any astronomical necessity so to say, but from the sufferance of nature or of varuna, the sky god, or from his own benevolence to men, either of which might fail, and the casual eclipses and obscurations might become perpetual. " the birth and death of the sun, his


nature or of varuna, the sky god, or from his own benevolence to men, either of which might fail, and the casual eclipses and obscurations might become perpetual. " the birth and death of the sun, his connection with the dawn, and his tremendous and victorious efforts to regain it were the one theme and topic of regard. he was talked about ( though in a different sort of language ) just as we are always talking and are never tired of talking of the weather. hence it is that solar myths seem all in all. " grecian mythology in its solar aspects is reflected in the legends and traditions of the latins. perhaps the most typical instance of this, and certainly the most familiar roman myth that has come down to us of this nature, is portrayed in guido reni ' s beautiful fresco of aurora. properly it should have been designated " apollo, " for the central figure is that of the noble sun - god, and he dominates the scene. " surrounded by all the light tripping hours, each a very queen of loveliness, aurora the goddess of the dawn leads the throng. " the romans actually believed that the sun was the wheel of apollo ' s chariot. each morning the god rose from the eastern sea, and drove his four spirited steeds across the sky, and in the evening he descended into the western sea. at night, he reposed in a golden boat which was borne along the northern edge of the earth to the rising point in the east. " antiquity, " says the abbe banier, 1 " has transmitted to us the names of the four horses that drew the chariot of the sun. they were erythous or the red, acteon, the luminous, lampos the resplendent, and philogœus, the earth loving. the first denotes the sun rising, whose rays are then reddish. acteon represents the time when the same rays shot through the atmosphere are more clear, that is about the ninth or tenth hour of the morning. lampos figures noonday when this luminary is in all his strength and glory, and philogœus represents the setting sun that seems to kiss the earth. " in the sun myths of all nations we find allusions to the capricious nature of the sun. now it smiles and gladdens the earth with its golden light, and, presently, displeased at man, shuns his presence, and hides sullenly for a time in gloomy


the capricious nature of the sun. now it smiles and gladdens the earth with its golden light, and, presently, displeased at man, shuns his presence, and hides sullenly for a time in gloomy solitude. in a famous japanese legend we have a description of the efforts of man to appease the sun - goddess when for a time she had absented herself from the sky. the sun - goddess had taken refuge in a cave, and the earth knew not her light, and was dark and gloomy. the eight hundred of lesser deities took counsel as to the best means to propitiate the goddess, and win once more her favour and her light. a great round copper mirror was procured to represent the sun ' s disk, and this was surrounded by a circle of saplings that indicated the rays of the radiant sun. in the upper branches of the trees were hung balls representing the sacred jewel, and in the lower branches, blue and white pendants. a prayer was then recited by the chief priest who acted for the emperor, and the service ended with a dance and the lighting of many fires. after a time, the sun - goddess yielded to the entreaties of man and left her gloomy cave for her heavenly throne, where her presence ever brings joy to the hearts of all mankind. in another version of this myth the sun - goddess is said to have waxed inquisitive at the noise of the singing and dancing at the entrance of her retreat, and ventured forth to see what was taking place. beholding her beautiful self in the mirror, she stepped forth into the world once more, and " her glory filled the air with rosy radiance. " the propitiatory service is akin in many respects to the ceremonial, common among many primitive tribes, of producing sunshine. the first requisite of this rite was a mock sun, and the idea seems to have been that, by instituting an unusual ceremony, the curiosity of the hidden sun would be aroused and she would come forth to see what was taking place. 54 : 1 ancient myths in modern poets, helen a. clarke. 56 : 1 the mythology of the aryan nations, sir george cox. 57 : 1 mythology among the hebrews, ignaz goldhizer. 59 : 1 mythology among the hebrews, ignaz goldhizer. 66 : 1 manual of mythology, alexander s. murray. 67 : 1 outlines of primitive belief, charles f. keary. 69 : 1 outlines


what is breathalyzer false positive? before we discuss some possible reasons for a false positive test, one must first consider the breathalyzer percentage of accuracy. with most breathalyzers having accuracy range of ±10 % which is ±. 01 % bac ( on the scale of zero to. 10 % bac ), some false positive readings may fall within the manufacturer ' s specification. having said that, beside alcohol, the sensor inside the breathalyzer deals with gases such as acetone, ketones and etc. these gases are normally radiated from our lungs and have very close and some overlap the alcohol detection curve. these side gases are much higher in people with higher level of fatty acids. folks on hi protein diet tends to produce higher level of acetone in their breath while a higher level of ketones may indicate a possible diabetic condition. in case of a diabetics situation breathalyzers can falsely read as high as. 03 % bac. although most breathalyzers are designed to be very selective to alcohol, but unfortunately in some users these side gases are significant enough to interfere with the test. we have also learned that subjects with false positive do not always blow positive but only in certain times of the day when their metabolism is most active. to confirm a false positive, always try your device with friends or family members to see if the majority of them produce false positive. in that case, contact the device manufacturer for possible calibration or repair.


philadelphia - - more than 200, 000 people are treated for cardiac arrest in united states hospitals each year, a rate that may be on the rise. the findings are reported online this week in critical care medicine in a university of pennsylvania perelman school of medicine - led study. though cardiac arrest is known to be a chief contributor to in - hospital deaths, no uniform reporting requirements exist across the nation, leaving experts previously unable to calculate its true incidence and study trends in cardiac arrest mortality and best practices in resuscitation care. the authors, led by raina m. merchant, md, ms, an assistant professor of emergency medicine, used three different approaches – involving the american heart association ' s get with the guidelines data, a voluntary registry of hospital resuscitation events – to estimate the total number of treated cardiac arrests that take place in united states hospitals each year. while some of these events occur among terminally ill patients, the authors suggest that many of the cardiac arrests they catalogued may be preventable through better monitoring of patients, quicker response time to administer cpr and defibrillation, and improved adherence to best practices in resuscitation guidelines. patients who suffer in - hospital cardiac arrests are more than twice as likely to survive than those who arrest in public settings - - 21 percent survive to go home, compared to less than 10 percent of out - of - hospital cardiac arrest patients – but both areas suggest opportunities to improve and standardize care. " our study proves that cardiac arrest represents a tremendous problem for hospitals in the united states, " merchant says. " until now, we could only guess about how many patients were suffering these events. it ' s impossible to make improvements in something we can ' t measure. these numbers finally provide us with a roadmap for improving allocation of resources to care for these critically ill patients and further our study of ways to identify patients who are at risk of cardiac arrest in the hospital and improve survival. "


| product # : lgls0434i _ tq | in the year of the boar and jackie robinson : a novel - ties study guide ( enhanced ebookgrade 4 | grade 5 | grade 6 | grade 7 please note : this ebook is a digital download, not a physical product. after purchase, you will be provided a one time link to download ebooks to your computer. orders paid by paypal require up to 8 business hours to verify payment and release electronic media. for immediate downloads, payment with credit card is required. this novel - ties study guide accompanies in the year of the boar and jackie robinson, the story of shirley temple wong who in 1947 encounters a strange, new society as she arrives in america and falls in love with the brooklyn dodgers. this novel - ties guide is a teacher / student literature unit organized in chapter - by - chapter format. there are pre - reading activities, vocabulary activities, comprehension questions, writing activities, literary devices, graphic organizers, cross - curricular connections, and post - reading activities. a summary and answer key are provided for the teacher. the novel - ties study guide for in the year of the boar and jackie robinson is great for guided reading, differentiated reading, and literature circles. this enhanced ebook gives you the freedom to copy and paste the content of each page into the format that fits your needs. you can post lessons on your class website, make student copies, extract or rotate pages, and edit the contents of the file. for more information on enhanced ebooks, click here. submit a review


law would clamp down on bullying over the internethartford, conn. — victims of cyberbullying publicly discussed their pain friday in an effort to strengthen the state ’ s anti - bullying laws. alexa berman could not tell her story friday. the brookfield teenage took her own life because of cyberbullying in 2008, her mother said. “ they ’ d go on and on in the e - mails trying to tell her how her behavior was horrible, ” said deborah berman. lawmakers have introduced a bill that would expand the definition of school bullying to include cyberbulling, which includes texting, facebook, and other social media sites. “ if a child is feeling threatened in school, if their ability to learn is affected, then it ’ s bullying, ” said state rep. andrew fleischman, d - west hartford. “ as hard as it ’ s been rehashing the story, its helps us because we know that other children will not have to go through what my daughter went through, ” berman said. the bill also includes a mandate requiring school districts to have their schools adopt a safe environment plan aimed at preventing any type of bullying. e - mail news tips to eyewitness news, or dial : 866 - 289 - 0333. connecticut ’ s latest breaking news is on wfsb. com and channel 3 eyewitness news. be the first to know : breaking news, weather, sports e - mail from wfsb. com weekdays © 2011 by wfsb. com. all rights reserved. this material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


deforestation monitoring needs better capacity and access to technologies most tropical developing countries are struggling to monitor and report their greenhouse gas emissions from forest loss, and will need international support to implement the un redd + scheme, according to a study. the reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation ( redd ) scheme aims to reverse forest cover loss and curb related carbon emissions by putting a financial value on stored carbon. countries voluntarily report back on their implementation of redd +, but many lack the capacity to monitor forest loss and carbon emissions using key technologies such as satellite remote sensing, according to a paper in the may – june issue of environmental science and policy. the study ranked tropical developing countries according to their ability to implement redd +, and found that few such countries had improved their monitoring capacity between 2005 and 2010, with some even losing capacity, such as burkina faso and mozambique. african countries were of most concern, as poor internet connections and satellite coverage limit access to data. meanwhile, mountainous countries such as ecuador and peru face technical challenges in analysing satellite images in areas with significant variations in altitude. just four of the 99 analysed countries — argentina, china, india and mexico — had very small capacity gaps. these countries had also managed to increase their total forest cover between 2005 and 2010, unlike countries with larger gaps, where there was a net loss of forests in the same period. the paper recommends that the former group of countries could serve as advisors in south - south capacity building activities and regional collaboration efforts that could reduce the cost of accessing, processing and analysing remote sensing data. the international community should invest in better access to satellite data, especially for central african and american countries, the study further recommended. monitoring of forest fires and vulnerable high - carbon areas, such as tropical peatland systems in south - east asia which are being lost to oil palm and pulpwood plantations, was also identified as a priority. louis verchot, a co - author of the study from the center for international forestry research in bogor, indonesia, called for swift efforts to close capacity gaps. he told scidev. net that investment in countries suffering such gaps could yield high returns. " we laid out the study on a country by country basis, so this should help investors to lay out priorities and help target different types of intervention, " verchot added. the study provides useful insights on developing a steady emission reduction scheme for redd +, said nirarta samadhi from indonesia ' s redd + task force. he said it highlighted