communication stopped, i waited with the transmitter on for two weeks, just in case minerva sent a signal. however, in the end, no radio waves from the probe were detected. minerva had become the world ' s smallest satellite, at 591 grams. its electronic devices may have been damaged by temperature fluctuations in the last year or so, but i still believe that minerva is alive somewhere. q. what went through your mind when you learned that minerva hadn ' t landed on the asteroid itokawa? i thought, “ well, that ' s life. ” there was nothing much i could do about it. there were many stages to clear before sending minerva to the asteroid : making sure that the rocket launch would be successful, that the explorer would arrive safely at the asteroid, and that it would descend carefully. then, it was finally minerva ' s turn. each phase was challenging enough and carried a risk of failure. so, if minerva didn ' t go well, it didn ' t go well. i thought i ' d start working hard again for the next goal. q. did your impression of itokawa change during hayabusa ' s stay there? before arrival, i thought the surface of itokawa would be relatively monotonous. but it turned out to have more variety, with sandy and rocky areas, for example. this confirmed for me that it was worth making a robot like minerva. if itokawa had a monotonous surface, it would have been enough to perform a detailed study in just one spot, and it would not have been necessary to survey the surface by traveling over it. so when i saw itokawa ' s surface, i was relieved that we had built a robot as mobile as minerva. q. what have you learned through the hayabusa mission? i joined the minerva research team in 1997, when i was still a graduate student, and got a job in 2000 at isas, the former institute of space and astronautical science ( now jaxa / isas ), as part of the development team. i got involved in hayabusa after 2000. the hayabusa mission is the first and only space exploration mission i ' ve ever been involved in, so hayabusa has taught me everything i know about space missions. especially with minerva, there were many things we had to do by ourselves, and it gave me a sense that we were making a satellite with our own hands. core parts of a satellite or an explorer are hard for us to build by ourselves, but it is possible for us


were many things we had to do by ourselves, and it gave me a sense that we were making a satellite with our own hands. core parts of a satellite or an explorer are hard for us to build by ourselves, but it is possible for us to make a certain level of instruments, such as those used for observation, and in fact, that is what people at isas do. i realized that we should build what we can by ourselves, even if it ' s a spacecraft. i ' ve gained some confidence in hand - crafting. i ' ve also learned not to give up, not to compromise, no matter what, until the end, always trying to make the situation the best you can at that time. i think that space exploration requires creative ideas and pushing boundaries, and the hayabusa mission has taught me the ideal way of working on a space project. q. what do you think about hayabusa ' s return? i hope that propulsion by the ion engines, which is the initial step for coming back, will go well at first. but the return journey will take about three years, so we cannot relax for a while. as a member of the development team, i don ' t see that my agitation will stop soon. it will turn into joy if hayabusa returns successfully, but i think that our trial will continue until then. q. what is your dream for the future? i ' ve been interested in robots since i was a child, so i ' m basically keen on using them for unmanned exploration. i ' d like to send various types of robotic explorers not only to asteroids but also to other celestial bodies, such as the moon, mars and comets. q. do you have a message for children who wish to be part of future space development? space is surely easy to get interested in, but i don ' t think it necessarily has to be space. as a kid myself, i preferred robots and automobiles, if anything, to space. whatever it is, i think it ' s wonderful for children to be interested in something that gets them using their own hands. education reform and children ' s dislike of science have been issues of concern, but it ' s not easy to like science simply because you are told to do so. if children find it fun to work on things related to science with their own hands, their interest in science and mathematics will inevitably grow. so i ' d like children to have opportunities to create things themselves.


hebrew language : root words most hebrew words are derived from three - letter root words the vast majority of words in the hebrew language can be boiled down to a three - consonant root word that contains the essence of the word ' s meaning. even if you cannot read hebrew, you will find that you can get some insight into the meaning of the bible by identifying the roots of words. if you see the same english word in two different places, but different hebrew roots are used, this may indicate that there is a different shade of meaning. if the same hebrew root is used in two different places, the words and their meanings are probably substantial amount of rabbinical interpretation of the bible is derived from the relation between root words. for example, the rabbis concluded that g - d created women with greater intuition and understanding than men, because man was " formed " ( yitzer, gen. 2 : 7 ) while woman was " built " ( yiben, gen. 2 : 22 ). the root of " built, " beit - nun - hei, is very similar to the word " binah " ( beit - yod - nun - hei ), meaning understanding, insight or intuition. a familiar talmudic teaching notes the similarity of the words banayikh ( your children ) and bonayikh ( your builders ), and suggests that isaiah 54 : 13 ( and all your children / builders will be students of g - d, and great shall be the peace of your children / builders ) indicates that those who study torah are the builders of peace. formation of hebrew words from roots hebrew words are formed from roots by changing vowels and by adding a wealth of prefixes and suffixes to that root. prefixes can be prepositions ( in, on, of, to, etc. ), articles ( the ), or other things. suffixes can be pronouns ( he, you, our, etc. ), possessives ( ' s ), or can indicate gender and number ( female singular ; male plural, etc. ). because of the way these prefixes and suffixes are added to the root, a single word in hebrew might be translated into english as several words. example, the first word of the torah, " bereishit, " is usually translated as " in the beginning. " the root is reish - alef - shin, which means " head " or " first. " ( see hebrew alphabet to learn the letters ). it is the same root as the " rosh " in "


" in the beginning. " the root is reish - alef - shin, which means " head " or " first. " ( see hebrew alphabet to learn the letters ). it is the same root as the " rosh " in " rosh hashanah " ( first of the year, i. e., jewish new year ). we add the prefix beit, a preposition meaning " in, " " on, " and a number of other things. the word " the " is implied. more complicated example is the hebrew word " shehecheyanu, " the name of a popular prayer recited on holidays and at other times. the single word " shehecheyanu " means " who has kept us alive. " the root of this word is cheit - yod - hei, a verb meaning " to live. " it ' s the same root as the hebrew word " chai " ( life or living ) which you commonly see on jewish jewelry, and the jewish toast " l ' chayim! " ( to life! ) the shin prefix turns the verb into a noun indicating a person who does the thing ( " who " ). the next letter is hei, which normally turns a verb into a causative form ( " has kept " ). the nun - vav suffix is a first person plural pronoun ( " us " ). thus, shehecheyanu means " who has kept us are surprisingly few root words in biblical hebrew, but we get a lot of mileage out of the ones we have. for example, from the root word qof - dalet - shin, meaning " holy, " " sacred " or " sanctified, " we get kedushah ( holiness ), kiddush ( a prayer over wine sanctifying shabbat or a kaddish ( an important prayer commonly thought of as a mourning prayer ), aron kodesh ( holy cabinet - the place in synagogue where the torah scrolls are kept ), and obviously, from the root samekh - dalet - reish, meaning " order, " we get siddur ( the daily prayer book, which sets for the order of prayers ), passover family ritual, which must be performed in a specified order ) and sidrah ( the weekly torah reading, also called a parshah ). prefixes and suffixes here are some common prefixes and suffixes you will find on hebrew words : | | comments and examples | |


performed in a specified order ) and sidrah ( the weekly torah reading, also called a parshah ). prefixes and suffixes here are some common prefixes and suffixes you will find on hebrew words : | | comments and examples | | vav used as a prefix can make the " v " sound or the " u " sound. when used with other prefixes, this is always the first prefix. v ' ahavta ( and you shall love ) ; u ' vayom ( and on the day ). | | in, on, with, by, etc. | | beit as a prefix sometimes makes the soft sound ( v ). bereishit ( in the beginning ) ; u ' vayom ( and on the day ). | | when hei used with other prefixes, this is always the last prefix before the root. it is often absorbed into the beit or lamed prefix. haolam ( the universe ) ; u ' vayom ( and on the day ; note that the v ' ( on ) combines with the ha ( the ) to become va ( on the ) ). | | mi kamokha ( who is like you? ). | | l ' chayim ( to life ). | | from ; also turns a verb into a noun | | mimitzrayim ( from egypt ) ; mitzvah ( commandment, a noun derived from the root verb tzavah meaning command ) | | turns a verb into the person who does it | | shehecheyanu ( who has kept us alive ) ; sheasah | | comments and examples | | b ' khol l ' vavikha uv ' khol naf ' shikha uv ' khol m ' odekha ( with all your heart and with all your soul and with all | | we, us, our | | avinu malkeynu ( our father, our king ) ; asher kidishanu ( who has sanctified us ) ; ashamnu ( we have if you are interested in hebrew root words, an interesting book to look at, is jewish lexicon, which looks at a lot of important jewish concepts and idioms through their root words. be aware that this book is written from a © copyright 5756 - 5771 ( 1995 - 2011 ), tracey r rich if you appreciate the many years of work i have put into this site, show your appreciation by linking to this page, not copying it to your site


what sustainability education is to me james pittman ’ s “ living definition of sustainability ” forms the foundation for my definition of optimal sustainability education in that it offers an integrated vision for sustainability that focuses on the health and integrity of human / nature systems. pittman defines living sustainability as “ the long - term equilibrium of health and integrity maintained dynamically within any individual system ( organism, organization, ecosystem, community, etc. ) through a diversity of relationships with other systems. ” pittman ’ s definition of living sustainability describes what i call “ socio - ecological living sustainability. ” i use “ socio - ecological ” in addition to “ living ” because “ ecology ” — the study of the earth household — is inherently concerned with relationships — with systems views — and these views are central to exploring social power and exploitation. using the term “ ecology ” highlights the fact that the systems referenced in the definition include both living and nonliving components of earth systems. this definition is “ socio - ecological ” because society is embedded within ecology, and the definition is “ living ” because, like all life, it is open to change driven by historical and natural forces. this openness to change points to an important aspect of the definition : it is place specific ; what might be sustainable in a given context is not necessarily so in every context. the appropriateness of changes to and adaptations of the definition is therefore place - specific in the same way that the appropriateness of life adaptations is in many ways determined by the specific context. the definition, to remain viable, must take form and evolve in living situations. sustainability, then, is a set of lifeways lived within specific, historical circumstances. within these lifeways, considerations of the “ long - term equilibrium of health and integrity ” remain the central focus for communities. my focus as a sustainability educator is in higher education as a critical pedagogical process that, at its best, is capable of engaging students, faculty members, and the community in sustainability praxis. the purposes and goals of this transformative praxis depart from those dominant in higher education today in that they involve students in the process of naming the world and defining desired action. this praxis seeks to ( re ) integrate our fractured identities and worldviews. it is counterhegemonic in orientation so that it directly confronts the political economy of late capitalism and its means of production as primary drivers in the sustainability crisis. it takes a transdisciplinary approach to integrating the academic disciplines and seeks to heal dichotomous and destructive


provided by networx. com the cold month of february is the time to start seeds, and to start preparing planters for your container plants. building cute and functional planters is a way to make the best of chilly days spent indoors. whether you are planting annuals in a window box, or vegetables in a vertical garden, there are so many awesome ways to make cheap, environmentally friendly planters that don ' t require you to be a professional carpenter in order to make them. for totally low budget planters, think old two liter soda bottles or plastic milk jugs. large plastic bottles or jugs can simply be washed thoroughly and cut in half. drill holes in the bottom for drainage, and fill with potting soil. this is a super cheap diy planter solution, although it is not perhaps the most aesthetically pleasing. an advantage to it is that it ' s easy to hang upcycled plastic bottle or jug planters from railings. urban gardeners, who only have access to a fire escape, can utilize the outer and inner sides of their fire escape raiings by affixing these planters at alternating heights, to essentially make a vertical garden. pickle buckets are awesome as diy planters. grocery stores and restaurants receive bulk pickles in four or five gallon buckets. sometimes they return them to the distributor, but sometimes they throw the pickle buckets out. when in doubt as to whether a stack of pickle buckets behind a store or cafe is waiting to be picked up by the garbage collector or the distributor, do the right thing and ask the store ' s manager. when you are sure that the pickle buckets are destined for the dump or the recycling facility, then grab a few and use them as planters. you can make self - watering planters from pickle buckets, or you can drill drainage holes into the bottoms. you can grow quite a lot of food in a pickle bucket. large cans are another awesome free diy planter idea. while small supermarket - sized vegetable cans don ' t have enough room for a plant with a substantial root ball to grow, industrial sized cans are a sure bet. check the garbage ( dumpster diving! ) of cafes. if you are on friendly terms with your office cafeteria workers, or your local barista, or the waitress at your local diner, don ' t be afraid to ask them for large cans from the kitchen. they very well might be able to locate a few that are headed to the


with your office cafeteria workers, or your local barista, or the waitress at your local diner, don ' t be afraid to ask them for large cans from the kitchen. they very well might be able to locate a few that are headed to the garbage. poke drainage holes into the bottom of the can with a hammer and a nail. smaller cans are great for starting seedlings or small transplants in. not everyone has one of these hanging around, but they ' re perfect containers for a garden. large troughs or barrels give you plenty of room to plant bigger crops. scour yard sales and local flea markets for plastic, wood, or galvanized metal tubs. planting in troughs is an excellent way to grow pounds of food in a tiny garden. you can also make a hanging planter from an old tire. if you ' re handy, do as blogger pamela, a diy painter in schenectady, from pink hammers and sippy cups did. the project involves cleaning, cutting, and painting an old tire. the result is a sturdy planter that looks a bit like a flower. it can be suspended as a hanging planter, or it can be placed on the ground. what ' s your favorite way to make your own planters? have you figured out an amazing and awesome, cheap diy planter solution. please tell us in the comments! chaya kurtz writes for networx. com. view original post.


washington ( cnn ) - - at its essence, the presidential inaugural symbolizes american democracy ' s peaceful transition or extension of power. every four years, the winner of the preceding november election swears to defend the constitution. cannons boom and bands play. it all unfolds outside in public, usually before a massive throng that thunders its approval. the simple practice and symbolism of inaugurating a president has remained consistent throughout american history - - 56 times before sunday - - although the date, the pomp and the ceremony have changed since george washington took the first oath 224 years ago. thirteen years after the declaration of independence and more than a year and a half after the constitution was ratified, washington was sworn in on april 20, 1789, at federal hall in new york. the capital city later named for washington was just a swamp at the time. he set the precedent of kissing the bible after the oath. franklin pierce broke the tradition of kissing the bible. he placed his left hand on it instead in 1853. washington is also credited with creating other traditions. for instance, he started the inaugural parade when government officials, members of congress, army units, and prominent citizens escorted him to the ceremony. the oath of office is specified in article ii, section 1 of the constitution. the oath for other federal officials, including the vice president, is not in the constitution. the oath of office reads, " i do solemnly swear ( or affirm ) that i will faithfully execute the office of president of the united states, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the constitution of the united states. the " ( or affirm ) " allows the president - elect to choose to affirm or to swear the oath of office. only pierce and herbert hoover chose to affirm rather than swear their oath. the words " so help me god " do not appear in the constitutional oath. that phrase was supposedly ad - libbed by washington, setting a precedent for future presidents. president barack obama has requested his oath include the phrase. a personal aspect of the inauguration is the bible. john f. kennedy was the first catholic president - - his religious identity was a contentious issue in his run for office. only three presidents did not use a bible : john qunicy adams opted for a volume of law ; theodore roosevelt used no bible or book at his first inauguration in 1901. lyndon johnson used john f. kennedy ' s roman catholic missal during his hastily arranged swearing - in aboard air force one en route to washington


adams opted for a volume of law ; theodore roosevelt used no bible or book at his first inauguration in 1901. lyndon johnson used john f. kennedy ' s roman catholic missal during his hastily arranged swearing - in aboard air force one en route to washington following kennedy ' s assassination in dallas on nov. 22, 1963. like fingerprints, no inaugural address is the same - - they come in all lengths, tones and with all kinds of different motives. some aim to set the agenda for the president ' s term, others aim to define how the president will govern. washington delivered the shortest address at his second inauguration in philadelphia. it totaled 135 words. the longest was about 8, 500 words and delivered by william henry harrison, who refused to wear coat on the cold march day in 1841. he caught a cold and died from pneumonia a month later. some memorable lines from inaugural addresses : " with malice toward none, with charity for all. " - abraham lincoln, march 1865. " let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself. " - franklin d. roosevelt, march 1933. " and so, my fellow americans : ask not what your country can do for you - - - ask what you can do for your country. " - john f. kennedy, january 1961. january 20 falls on a sunday this year as it did in 1917, 1957 and 1985. as a result, obama will take the official oath in a private ceremony that day at the white house. he will follow up with the public ceremony on monday at the capitol. obama will be the first president to have two oaths administered publicly and privately. in 2009, chief justice john roberts flubbed the oath as he read it obama during the public ceremony. they did it again the next day at the white house to leave no question thomas jefferson was the first president inaugurated in washington, march 1801. the first inauguration on january 20 by decree of the 20th amendment was in 1937. andrew jackson was the first to take the oath on the east front of the capitol. ronald reagan of california was the first to be inaugurated on the west front of the capitol in 1980. jimmy carter, in 1976, was the first to walk from the capitol to the white house. the first inaugural streamed live on the internet was bill clinton ' s second ceremony in 1997. cnn ' s connor finnegan and robert yoon contributed to this report


user : oh, how the sea calls if you have questions ask on my talk page. quick references for common japanese - a little bit on the japanese language to possibly act as a reference guide for the wiki. - more verbs, common nouns, asking questions, and a little bit more order to follow soon. important particles ' ga ' - subject marker. ex. - sasuke ga naruto o hanasu. sasuke ( subject marker ) naruto ( d. o. marker ) hanasu ( speaks ). ' o ' - direct object marker. shows what the subject is doing the action to. ex. sasuke ga naruto o hanasu. sasuke ( subject marker ) naruto ( direct object marker ) hanasu ( speaks ). ' no ' - shows possession, or is as a modifying phrase. ex ( possession ) - sora no kiiburedo ( keyblade ). sora ' s keyblade. ex ( modifying phrase ) - nihongo ( japanese language ) no hon ( book ). japanese language book. ' wa ' - denotes the subject of the sentence. - clarifies what you are talking about. - add ' wa ' after the topic of the sentence. - any noun can be the topic, if it is the d. o., replace ' o ' with ' wa ', and if it is the subject, replace ' ga ' with ' wa. ' ex. - kinou wa ( as for yesterday ) sensei ( teacher ) ga ( subj. mark ) jon ( john ) o ( d. o. marker ) shikatta ( scolded ). ' ka ' - lists choices like the english word ' or. ' ame ka yumi. ( rain or water ). ' to ' - lists items, or specifies the co - agent. ex ( lists items ) - ame to yumi ( rain and water ). ex ( specifies co - agent - sasuke ga ( subj mark. ) naruto to ( co - agent specifier ) tabeta ( ate ). - always at the end of a sentence. - comes in four forms ; the dictionary, negative, stem ( i will post these forms later ) and ' te ' form ( also, later ). - info on past tense will follow with the ' te ' form. dictionary - the one you would see if you looked it up in a dictionary. the present tense and affirmative form of the verb. ex - tab


form ( also, later ). - info on past tense will follow with the ' te ' form. dictionary - the one you would see if you looked it up in a dictionary. the present tense and affirmative form of the verb. ex - taberu - to eat negative - the opposite of the dictionary form. ex - tabenai - to not eat common verbs da - is ( informal ) desu - is ( formal ) ja nai - is not ( inf. ) ja arimasen - is not ( for. ) datta - was ( inf. ) deshita - was ( for. ) ja nakatta - was not ( inf. ) ja arimasendeshita - was not ( for. ) aru - to exist / to have. used by the japanese to show possession of inanimate objects. ( this one is a tad bit strange, as is it ' s counterpart, iru ) nai ( neg. ) ex - sora wa ( topic marker ) munni ( munny ) ga aru. as for sora, munni exists. or sora has money. iru ( dict. ) - to exist / to have. used by the japanese to show possession of animate objects. inai ( neg. ) ex - sora wa ( topic marker ) tori ( bird ) o ( d. o. marker ) aru ( exists ). as for sora, a bird exists. or sora has a bird. taberu ( dict. ) - to eat. tabenai ( neg. ) hanasu ( dict. ) - to speak. hanasanai ( neg. ) shinu ( dict. ) - to die. shinanai ( neg. ) kaku ( dict. ) - to write. kakanai ( neg. ) toru ( dict. ) - to take toranai ( neg. ) kau ( dict. ) - to buy kawanai ( neg. ) miru ( dict. ) - to watch minai ( neg. ) iku ( dict. ) - to go ikanai ( neg. ) kuru ( dict. ) - to come konai ( neg. ) suru ( dict. ) - to do shinai ( neg. ) yes / no and content questions to follow soon. users i consider to be friends - lapis


with stores like rogers video open every day of the year, some of us know what it ' s like to work on christmas day. the difference between working now and back in medieval times is significant. back then, servants had to wait hand and foot on lords and ladies - some of them were not so nice, i might add. while the family feasted on large meals and joyfully opened up presents, the paid staff worked their butts off. this doesn ' t mean servants had to go without christmas and presents though. the day after christmas faithful servants or employees would get a christmas box. the first boxing day is believed to have started in the middle ages. this is just a guess cuz the exact date isn ' t known. how boxing day started is a question as well. some say it started with the giving of christmas boxes, like the story above. others think it was named for the tradition of opening charity boxes placed in churches during the christmas season. the contents were given out to the poor. only in the last century has boxing day become a holiday. by having christmas day and boxing day as holidays people could take trips or get together with family members for christmas. boxing day is a holiday celebrated in britain, australia, new zealand, and canada. if december 26 falls on saturday or sunday the public dedicates the following monday to boxing day.


quite an informative blog post from our local surfing site what we ' re talking about is something surfers really don ’ t want to know about, but should, because if you ' re a surfer, you ' re taking part in a sport where surfer ' s ear is one of the most common problems and a price you may have to pay for being a surf - aholic. so, let ' s talk about the history of surfer ' s ear, what causes it and what can, and should, be done about it. being ignorant on such a relevant topic is not smart, it ' s plain dumb. and that ’ s not something the surfer community should be. surf kings and queens for sure, but not dummies. if you ' re a smoker, you know the small print. the same should apply to surfers and their ears. so at the end of this chat, i hope to have you better informed. having started with a sexual innuendo, i think it only fair to mention that in 1891, when “ surfer ' s ear ” was first described, syphilis was suspected as a possible cause. the first described surgery took place in 1877. the operation took seven hours using chloroform anaesthesia. they also used leeches to facilitate blood flow. but relax. just as technology for surfboards and wetsuits has flourished, so have modern surgical techniques and anaesthesia. so chill... you ' re safe from leeches. what causes surfer ' s ear? i worked in london for sir donald harrison who found the reason. he found ear canal skin temperature increased after swimming in cold water. this increase was due to dilatation of the blood vessels. irrigating the ear with 15°c seawater for 15 seconds caused blood vessels to swell and increase the warmth for some 45 minutes. and in those who already had surfer ' s ear, the same exposure caused 80 minutes of reflex warming due to vessel dilatation. so the colder the water, the greater the duration of the reflex dilation and heating up. basically increased vascular temperature can cause new bone formation because there ' s no insulating layer of subcutaneous tissue between the lining of the ear canal and the underlying bone. this theory has been found to be true. in terms of history, a relatively small number of people engaged in long - term cold - water activities as an occupation, but with invention in the 1950s of the neoprene suit, everything changed and one could spend prolonged periods of time


be true. in terms of history, a relatively small number of people engaged in long - term cold - water activities as an occupation, but with invention in the 1950s of the neoprene suit, everything changed and one could spend prolonged periods of time in what had previously been uncomfortably cold water. unless the ear canal was protected from cold - water exposure, the price for greater participation in cold - water activities increased, as did formation of surfer ' s ear. the sport predominantly affected by these trends was surfing : so you ' re at risksurfers are people who continually have their heads under water and participate in their sport for hundreds of hours per year and, what ' s more, many for decades. in fact the term “ surfer ' s ear ” first appeared in medical literature in 1977. since then most discussions on surfer ' s ear describe mainly surfing populations since this is the group with the highest incidence of the condition. essentially, a surfing generation was born. a generation of water buddies who spend hundreds of hours in cold water with uncovered ears. some for decades. all surfers are potentially at risk, so if you ' re sensible, responsible and all those other boring things, you ' d have your ears checked out by someone who understands this condition... not an amateur..., firstly to see whether you have them, and what, if anything, needs be done. certainly protection is top of the list. how many surfers get surfer ' s ear this varies depending on whether you ' re susceptible, the water temperature and how often and for how long you surf, always repeating the bottom line as to whether you wear protection. this makes a huge difference. what i mean is, “ wear an ear condom. ” it needn ’ t be a rough rider or equivalent, just a hood, doc ' s pro plugs or prestik, recalling the mantra of “ keep it covered. ” in this case, both of them. a californian study with water temperature 19 - 20°c found 86 % of surfers to have a degree of canal closure from surfer ' s ear. interestingly, more involvement in the right ear than left. most didn ’ t wear protection because, either they didn ’ t think of it, or it was uncomfortable and unglamorous. japanese professional surfers have an 80 % incidence with canal closure of between 50 – 80 %. again the colder the water, the greater the incidence. in new zealand the incidence was some 73 % with 40 % having 50 % or more closure


, have it done before you get to this extreme state. every ent surgeon has a case or two of these extensive osteoma where complications occurred because of surgical difficulty. the current surgical techniques make use of sophisticated binocular microscopes, micro instruments and safe anaesthesia. the combination makes for delicate surgery. the most frequently used technique is high - speed drill, drilling the osteoma away often utilising tiny 1 – 2mm osteotome chisels as adjuncts. incision is either straight through the canal, or behind the ear. it depends on the surgeon ' s preference. it ' s day case surgery and pain not usually a significant factor. the osteoma are removed and an as normal as possible canal recreated by removing the obstruction. absolutely vital to swift recovery is preservation of the very thin and sensitive skin lining to the canal. if you can retain this, the surfer is back in the water within 4 – 6 weeks. sometimes sooner. however, if you present with huge osteoma, then keeping that skin cover can be exceeding difficult and sometimes impossible. in that case, and we ' ve all heard about those that had to stay out of the water for a couple of month ' s after surgery, because they delayed the procedure and reaped the consequences. the main thing is don ’ t allow them to get to a massive size by running away and then blame the surgeon when your recovery is prolonged. also, in terms of regular surfing, recall outer ear infections are not uncommon and, just as there ' s no such thing as clean air, the same applies to much of the ocean in which you surf. the bacteria involved here are often bowel related with all that that implies. surgical follow up getting a surfer to accept surgery is required is, in itself, especially difficult because of the denial factor. the “ running away ” syndrome is substantial and largely based on misplaced fear and lack of awareness. the same applies to coming for regular follow up. remember surgery will have reduced the osteoma, but the possibility of recurrence is real as the cause of the osteoma formation is dilation of blood vessels, something that cannot be surgically removed. it ' s a physiologic reaction to cold water. one report on a 10 year follow up showed there was more than 60 % closure in 25 %, 30 - 60 % closure in 31 % and less than 30 % closure in the remaining 42 %. so you need follow up. not surprisingly, those who surf


on a 10 year follow up showed there was more than 60 % closure in 25 %, 30 - 60 % closure in 31 % and less than 30 % closure in the remaining 42 %. so you need follow up. not surprisingly, those who surf all year round, recurred quicker as did those who were older at the time of their initial surgery. and here ' s a vital fact. ear protection reduced the chance of regrowth 5 fold. so what ' s the bottom line? firstly you ' re in a sport, which constantly exposes you to cold water. a fair number of you will be in a group where this causes the blood vessels to dilate, stimulating new bone formation hence “ surfer ' s ear. ” just as you shouldn ’ t drink and drive, so you shouldn ’ t surf without having your ears checked to get the bottom line. recall, by no means every surfer ' s ear needs surgery, but every surfer should protect. that ’ s not a big price to pay, all things considered. now you see the connection between hiv and surfer ' s ear. it pays to protect. i recently saw a beautiful young fish hoek surfer with significant surfer ' s ear. she was 14, but wasn ’ t keen on wearing protection because of the aesthetics. i ' ve also operated on a matric girl with massive surfer ' s ear. she too wasn ’ t keen on protection. the chances of her osteoma recurring are enormous. please wear protection! that ’ s a plea from someone very involved in the surfer ' s ear syndrome situation. we ' ll talk further, but this is what you might call an opening round. get back to the surf, but as they say in the classics “ keep it covered. ”.


posted : may 8, 2012 5 : 54 pm by andy koen updated : may 8, 2012 6 : 02 pm a local start - up company is on the cutting edge of renewable energy development by designing and building machines that make electricity by harnessing the power of ocean waves. atargis energy corporation was founded in 2010 by air force academy aeronautics professor dr. stefan siegel, ph. d. the company is currently building a 1 / 10th scale prototype in their facility on janitell road for testing at tested at the hydromechanics laboratory at texas a & m university next month. " the vision is to really produce electricity at the utility scale and feed that electricity to the power grid to communities in the vicinity of the ocean shore, " siegel said. dr. siegel says a single generator can produce five megawatts of electricity, enough to power a community roughly the size of falcon. the generators would also create electricity at a similar cost per kilowatt hour as non - renewable sources like oil, gas and coal. so, why would an aeronautics professor start a wave energy company in a land locked state? siegel says the science is virtually the same. " water and air are basically just fluids, " he explained. " the same laws of motion and physics apply to both of them. " using a 1 / 300th scale model, siegel demonstrated that the same forces that create lift under an airplane wing are also at work spinning the blades of his generator with passing ocean waves. as for the location, siegel says the design of the machine is such that a large manufacturing plant isn ' t necessary. instead, the various components can easily be mass produced by existing manufacturers. the generators would then be assembled at shipyards near the coasts before installation. another unique attribute of the design is that it operates completely submerged, protected from heavy winds and storms on the surface of the water. " if you go below the water surface you already don ' t have the impact of the wind, if you go down a little bit further, you ' re actually losing the impact of the wave as well and that is how our device survives storms, " siegel explains. atargis plans to build quarter - scale and full - size prototypes for ocean testing in the next two years. they hope to begin selling them in 2015.


the finish line is almost here. americans have weighed a plethora of questions in choosing their presidential candidate. but amid the quadrennial explosion of political ads, bumper stickers and debates, some questions still baffle : why is the republican mascot an elephant? why are democrats linked to the color blue? and what happens if the candidates tie? below, a voter ' s guide to such perpetually confounding riddles : q. why are presidential elections always in november, and always on tuesdays? it all comes down to weather, harvests and worship. back when voters traveled to the polls by horse, tuesday was an ideal day because it allows people to worship on sunday, ride to their county seat on monday and vote on tuesday - all before market day, wednesday. and the month of november fit nicely between harvest time and brutal winter weather - - which can be especially bad when you ' re trudging along by horse and buggy. but since many voters now travel by horsepower instead of live horses, some people - - like the group why tuesday? - - are pushing to move election day to a weekend day to increase the country ' s historically dismal voter turnout. according to the group, 15 states do not allow early voting, and 27 percent of non - voters said the main reason why they didn ' t vote was because they were too busy or couldn ' t get time off to vote. q. why do republicans have an elephant and democrats have a donkey? back in 1874, cartoonist thomas nast used an elephant to depict the republican vote in his drawing " the third - term panic. " the cartoon was published in harper ' s weekly after the owner of the new york herald reportedly criticized the notion of republican president ulysses s. grant running for a third term. ( grant didn ' t end up running in the next election ).


korean needs 4. 6 hectares of land for living by yi whan - woo korea ’ s ecological footprint, or its demand on the ecosystem, is 1. 7 times greater than the global average, according to the world wide fund for nature ( wwf ). each korean requires 4. 6 hectares of land to live on, exceeding the world ’ s average of 2. 7 hectares, the wwf said in the “ living planet report. ” the nation placed 29th on the ecological footprint list of 149 countries. an ecological footprint is a measure of how much biologically productive land and sea people require in order to absorb their waste and produce all the resources they consume. the higher the necessary amount, the longer it takes to regenerate biologically productive land and fishing grounds. the major components of korea ’ s footprint were the amount of land and sea needed to offset carbon emissions and fishing. the country with the highest footprint with 11. 85 hectares per person was qatar, followed by kuwait with 9. 72 hectares and the united arab emirates with 8. 44 hectares. the global average is expected to go up as china is undergoing rapid economic development. the country was ranked 72nd with 2. 1 hectares per person. the wwf report said the rate has increased since 1970s. the five biggest challenges the earth faces are the loss of certain natural habitats, overexploitation of wild species ’ populations, pollution, climatic change and the increase of specific wildlife species. it also said the earth would need to be 1. 5 times bigger to produce the resources people are consuming to avoid running out of them, adding it may need to be three times bigger by 2050.


most active stories krwg. org - the region ' s home page wed january 2, 2013 pakistan ' s ' patriot act ' could target politicians originally published on wed january 2, 2013 9 : 16 am earlier this month, pakistan ' s powerful lower house of parliament passed what analysts have dubbed pakistan ' s patriot act. its name here is " investigation for fair trial bill. " it has been presented to the pakistani people as a way to update existing law and usher the rules for investigation in pakistan into the 21st century. among other things, it makes electronic eavesdropping admissible as evidence in court. to american ears, the argument for the new law should sound vaguely familiar. pakistani officials say that in order to fight the war against terror, they need to be allowed to capture emails, listen in on cellphone calls, and track suspects so they can stay one step ahead of the terrorists. that ' s the same argument fbi director robert mueller made before members of congress when the fbi sought changes in the patriot act. already a common practice the difference is that the pakistani version has been introduced into an entirely different societal context. to begin with, it is an open secret that security agencies in pakistan already tape phones and monitor email with impunity. they are supposed to get warrants to do this, but they rarely do. the bill is seen as legal cover for what is already common practice. another difference : this being pakistan, the feeling among those who are following the bill is that the investigative powers won ' t be limited to terrorists. politicians, they believe, are likely to be the main targets. " there are two sides of the argument. one is that this is a country at war — a war within and war in the region — so you need certain laws to protect people from terrorist activity, " says harris khaliq, a poet and columnist in islamabad. " at the same time, pakistan has a checkered political history and we as citizens are really wary of a situation where these laws or such policies could be actually used to oppress political opponents of whoever is in power. " it is common to use criminal charges as a brickbat against powerful politicians. bribery and corruption charges are routinely filed and then dismissed. smear campaigns are frequent. democracy in pakistan is too fragile to allow these kinds of sweeping powers, says aasim sajjad, a professor of political economy at quaid - e - azam university in islamabad. " frankly, to be honest, it is not as if this act per se would be


allow these kinds of sweeping powers, says aasim sajjad, a professor of political economy at quaid - e - azam university in islamabad. " frankly, to be honest, it is not as if this act per se would be required for this sort of big - brother apparatus to operate. i think it operates in any case, " sajjad says. " the worry is that the state and the intelligence apparatus here has historically been so powerful and so unaccountable that there is a feeling that we would be totally surrendering every last remaining bit of independence or civil liberties " by passing the law. limited opposition to date while sajjad ' s concern about civil liberties would be common in the united states, in pakistan it is unusual. aside from university professors and the liberal elite, opposition to the bill has been, at best, muted. while its passage in the lower house made the front pages of the english - language papers here, there was barely a whisper about it in the urdu - language press. " amongst a fairly limited circle — activists and observers — there has been concern, " sajjad says. " but it hasn ' t generated or garnered the kind of response that i think would be necessary for some sort of countervailing pushback to prevent something like this from going through. it will pass the senate and the president will sign it. " mohman hussein baluch is a ph. d. candidate in pakistani studies at the university, and his reaction is typical of the students there. he says if he isn ' t doing anything wrong, he has nothing to fear. " i am a peaceful citizen of pakistan. i bleed in peace, so i am not worried about this, " he says. the senate is more conservative than the lower house in pakistan, and it is expected to approve the bill and send it to the president for his signature early in the new year. steve inskeep, host : on top of their concerns about terrorism, sectarian violence, the taliban and their painful relationship with the united states, people in pakistan are talking about privacy. the lower house of pakistan ' s parliament passed what ' s called the investigation for fair trial bill. it is the pakistani version of the patriot act. it clears the way for intelligence and law enforcement agencies to tap phones, monitor internet traffic and follow people they suspect are terrorists. of course, it ' s an open secret that security agencies in pakistan already do this, but the new bill will give them legal cover. npr ' s dina


law enforcement agencies to tap phones, monitor internet traffic and follow people they suspect are terrorists. of course, it ' s an open secret that security agencies in pakistan already do this, but the new bill will give them legal cover. npr ' s dina temple raston - raston reports from islamabad. dina temple - raston, byline : the investigation for fair trial bill has been presented to the pakistani people as a way to update existing law and bring the rules for investigation in pakistan into the 21st century. officials say that in order to fight against terror, they need to be allowed to capture emails, listen in on cell phone calls and track internet searches so they can root out terrorists. harris khaliq : i ' m harris khaliq and i ' m a poet and columnist. temple - raston : khaliq has been watching the bill wind its way through parliament. khaliq : there are two sides to the argument. one, is that this is a country at war, a war within a war within the region. so, you need certain laws to protect people from terrorist activity. temple - raston : that side of the argument should sound familiar, but it is the other side of the argument that makes it distinctly pakistani. the concern is not that ordinary citizens might get caught up in this, the worry is that security agencies in pakistan will use the new powers to blackmail politicians. harris khaliq explains. khaliq : pakistan has a checkered political history, and we, as citizens, are really wary of a situation where these laws or such policies are actually used to oppress political opponents, or whoever is in power. temple - raston : aasim sajjad is a professor of political economy at quaid - e - azam university in islamabad. aasim sajjad : frankly, to be honest, you know, it ' s not as if this act, per se, would be required for this sort of, sort of big brother apparatus to operate. i mean, if they can operate in any case... temple - raston : he ' s worried the security agencies will use the law as an excuse to go even further. sajjad : the state, the intelligence apparatus is historically been so powerful and so unaccountable that there ' s a feeling that, you know, this is sort of - we ' re just totally - would be surrendering every last remaining bit of independence of civil liberties. temple - raston : still, aside from university professors


##ccountable that there ' s a feeling that, you know, this is sort of - we ' re just totally - would be surrendering every last remaining bit of independence of civil liberties. temple - raston : still, aside from university professors and the liberal elite, opposition to the bill has been muted. while news of the bill made the front pages of the english language papers here, there was barely a whisper about it in the urdu press. sajjad : amongst a fairly limited circle, you know, activists and observers, there ' s been concern... temple - raston : again, aasim sajjad of quaid - e - azam university : sajjad :... but it hasn ' t generated or garnered the kind of response that, you know, i think would be necessary for there to be actually some kind of countervailing push - back to prevent something like this from going through. temple - raston : mohman hussein baluch is a ph. d. candidate in pakistani studies as the university, and his reaction was typical. if he isn ' t doing anything wrong, he said, he has nothing to fear. mohman hussein baluch : if i ' m not doing anything wrong - i ' m a peaceful citizen of pakistan - i believe in peace, that i ' m not worried about this. temple - raston : the bill passed the lower house of parliament and is awaiting approval from the senate. that ' s expected to happen in the next week or so, and the president is expected to sign it into law. dina temple - raston, npr news, islamabad. transcript provided by npr, copyright national public radio.


flood of 1951 july 13, 1951 has been called by some black friday. it was on this day that one of the most costly floods in kansas ’ history swept down the kansas river valley into the missouri river basin. the kansas river valley had flooded before but not with this magnitude and damage. during the period of july 9 - 13, some areas in the kansas river basin received 18. 5 inches of rain. the eastern half of the basin averaged 8 inches. the flooding started above manhattan on the big blue river. the manhattan business district was eventually covered with eight feet of water. downstream flooding continued in topeka, lawrence, and kansas city. in topeka alone about 7, 000 buildings were damaged or destroyed. the rising river waters caused transportation throughout the river basin to come to a halt. roads were washed away and railroad tracks moved. communication lines were downed. altogether one hundred sixteen cities and towns were affected ; 85, 000 persons had to be evacuated from their homes ; 22, 000 residences in the river basin were flooded and nearly 2, 500 completely demolished ; 336 businesses were destroyed and more than 3000 flooded. the flood didn ’ t just affect just the towns and cities, 10, 000 farms also suffered damage. topsoil from fertile fields was removed by the flood waters, while heavy deposits of sediment and sand were left in its place. the flood claimed 28 lives as more than 1 million acres were flooded. total losses in the kansas river basin and in kansas city missouri and kansas city kansas exceeded $ 725, 000, 000. during the depression of the 1930 ’ s the federal government had proposed building flood control dams along tributaries of major rivers in kansas. part of the new deal programs, these projects would have provided jobs for unemployed workers and perhaps prevented downstream flooding. the flood control act of 1938 had authorized construction of tuttle creek reservoir, but no action had been taken. the flood control act of 1944, known as the pick - sloan plan had authorized the u. s. army corps of engineers and the bureau of reclamation to coordinate plans along the entire missouri river basin. lack of funding had delayed action on the building of tuttle creek reservoir. the flood of 1951 would change that. business men and residents living downstream along the kansas river increased the pressure on government officials to protect them from another flood. on the other hand vigorous opposition was directed at officials from the local to national levels. five small kansas towns were to be inundated ( garrison, stockdale, randolph, cleburne and bigelow ). at least four other


flood. on the other hand vigorous opposition was directed at officials from the local to national levels. five small kansas towns were to be inundated ( garrison, stockdale, randolph, cleburne and bigelow ). at least four other towns would lose substantial earning power ( frankfort, irving, manhattan, and marysville ). three thousand residents of the blue river valley would be affected by the dam. fifteen hundred of these were farm families. many of these had cultivated these family farms for more than 85 years. transportation facilities, including two railroads would have to be abandoned or moved. numerous state highways, county and township roads would need relocated. schools, churches, cemeteries, and public utilities were to be moved. approximately 55, 000 acres of the fertile farm land would be inundated. the people of the valley fought to maintain their existence but in the end tuttle creek dam and reservoir was built. construction was completed and operation began july 1, 1962. total cost was $ 80, 051, 031. the army corps of engineers estimates that since opening, tuttle creek lake has prevented over three billion dollars in flood damages. however, the building of reservoirs along the drainage area did not bring a stop to the flooding. again in 1993, the kansas river and the missouri river basins flooded. this time however, no lives were lost. the struggle between man and nature continues. photos of irving and construction on tuttle creek dam spillway courtesy of u. s. army corps of engineers, kansas city district, manhattan, ks. entry : flood of 1951 author : kansas historical society author information : the kansas historical society is a state agency charged with actively safeguarding and sharing the state ' s history. date created : june 2011 date modified : july 2011 the author of this article is solely responsible for its content.


( ara ) - graphic design isn ' t only about creating logos, advertisements or promotional materials. graphic design is a creative process that involves developing a targeted visual communication through words and images. this means there are numerous skills that aspiring or seasoned graphic design professionals - or career changers - can develop to keep up with the latest industry trends. " there has never been a more exciting time for careers in graphic design, especially with the advancement of digital media, " says don french, owner of graphic design firm french & associates and program director of graphic design at brooks institute, a leading provider of higher education for film, visual journalism, graphic design and photography. " with the evolution of both traditional and digital design, graphic designers or those who want to pursue this career must continually develop their skills to stay relevant in the changing media landscape. " based on his experience as a working professional and educator, french notes the following key skills that graphic design professionals, career changers or students should consider developing for today ' s marketplace : * learn the visual arts. proficiency in visual arts like drawing and photography give graphic designers a more diverse portfolio. photography skills, for example, may not only expand designers ' resumes but allow them to take images of their work for portfolios or for use in print and website projects. sketching and drawing skills may be transferrable for design work on paper and on a computer screen, which is a great way to work out concepts quickly and especially important given the increased emphasis on digital design. designers seeking additional experience in the visual arts can read industry publications and blogs, continue their education at colleges with specialized visual arts programs, like brooks institute, or volunteer their services to non - profit organizations. * embrace digital media. as digital media continues to grow, graphic designers may discover opportunities with website design - related careers, which may incorporate elements such as typography, layout, visual design and even online copywriting. in addition to understanding design software programs such as adobe photoshop, illustrator and indesign, web design positions usually require proficiency in user interface and experience as well as some knowledge of html, xhtml and css. training courses, whether online or in person, are available to learn these skills. it ' s also important to participate in social media sites like facebook and twitter to gain hands - on experience. building skills in search engine optimization and online marketing can further diversify resumes. * become business - savvy. no matter whether you ' re working at an agency, a company ' s creative department, or even free


a sculptural narrative of the heroic bravery of the people of naga city " oragon " is a two - part visual display that captures the heroism of naguenos by portraying two forms of bravery, with a central tapestry dividing the two juxtaposed narratives. crafted by artist jose barcena, jr., grandson of federico barcena who carved the monument to the 15 bicol martyrs at plaza quince martires, it was commissioned by the city government of naga under the leadership of mayor jesse robredo. " bravery in peace " depicts naga ' s native ruler and warrior in full battle regalia, standing valiantly to face rather than run away from spanish forces, a powerful reminder that naguenos are gifted with courage and strength to face any challenge in life. beside him sits babaylan, a priestess signifying the esteemed position of women. a native boy symbolizes simplicity and trust in himself. the adolescent boy, pointing to the ruler, portrays reverence and obedience to their leaders. facing them is the spanish conquistador capt. juan de salcedo who brings with him two instruments of colonization : the use of force symbolized by the spanish soldier, and the evangelization of catholic faith by the spanish missionary. the ancient naguenos welcomed the latter and resisted the former, a testimony to their wisdom and capacity to withstand threats and welcome goodness. " bravery in times of war " portrays the naguenos indomitable courage to fight freedom, exemplified by figures of two prominent revolutionaries : corporals elias angeles and felix plazo. on the third night of the penafrancia triduum on september 18, 1898, they mounted a surprise attack on the spanish government, forcing the governor and the castillian community to seek refuge in church premises and eventually capitulate to the triumphant native forces the next day. " bravery in life " is depicted by a tapestry at the center of the monument : a powerful symbol of the naguenos courage to measure all experiences - good or bad, happy or sad, up or down - and see them as singular reality called life. it is also an invitation to realize that in spite of diversity, they remain united as one because of shared history and common vision. the oragon was unveiled on the 18th day of june, 2010 during the 62nd charter day celebration of naga city. to have a virtual tour of amazing places around the world, please click here.


they came to georgetown : the french sulpicians georgetown magazine : july, 1977 by george m. barringer in its first two decades, georgetown drew heavily on the abilities — and availability — of french sulpician priests and seminarians. ( sulpicians were members of the society of saint - sulpice, founded in 1642 primarily for the purpose of training priests to administer seminaries and to engage in pastoral work. - ed. ) led by fr. francois charles nagot, the first band of sulpicians came to baltimore in 1791 to open a seminary for the diocese of baltimore and to establish a haven for their society in the event of religious persecution in france. georgetown college was to supply candidates for the priesthood to the seminary in baltimore. as it turned out, by 1801 only one candidate, michael cuddy, had gone from georgetown to the seminary ; but the college had profited greatly from the presence of the sulpicians as administrators and teachers. and the sulpicians, perceiving their original mission as a failure, were contemplating complete removal from the diocese. the ex - jesuits who were by then once again in control of georgetown : english, irish and american, were not entirely unhappy to see them go. georgetown ' s first teacher, according to the account left in his memoirs, was the sulpician seminarian jean edouard de mondesir, born in or near chartres and then about 22 years old. sent to georgetown in july, 1791, shortly after he arrived in baltimore, mondesir found the college building unfinished and no students yet enrolled. mondesir claimed to be the first to sleep in the building, and the first to teach there. in two stretches of about two years each between 1791 and 1797 he taught french and latin ( in the process acquiring a knowledge of english ) and prepared himself, though he does not tell us how, with a knowledge of greek. he was ultimately ordained by bishop carroll in 1789. mondesir ' s memoirs ( really a rambling series of letters and discourses ) afford us a good deal of first - hand knowledge about life in clerical circles in baltimore. one of his finest stories concerns fr. nagot ' s hilariously unsuccessful attempt to introduce gregorian chant to cathedral services, an event which ended with bishop carroll losing his episcopal decorum to laughter. only two anecdotes, however, tell us of life at georgetown. the first recounts the annoying presence and habits of fr. john thayer, the famous convert, who insisted on saying matins aloud at the stroke


episcopal decorum to laughter. only two anecdotes, however, tell us of life at georgetown. the first recounts the annoying presence and habits of fr. john thayer, the famous convert, who insisted on saying matins aloud at the stroke of midnight, pacing the corridors of the college with prayer book in one hand and a candle in the other. the other anecdote chronicles mondesir ' s adventures in escorting three brothers to new york for vacation, including a formal presentation of them to bishop carroll and some first - hand experience ( almost shocking to the frenchman ) of american religious toleration via visits to protestant households. fr. louis guillaume valentin dubourg, a sulpician from cap francois, santo domingo, became georgetown ' s third president at the age of 30 in 1796. it was chiefly on him that the antagonism of the exjesuits and their allies centered. fr. dubourg, later to be the first bishop of new orleans and finally archbishop of besancon, brought a number of changes to the college. he donated books to establish a library, and he published a french prayer book ( probably la journee de chretien, baltimore, 1796 ), copies of which he sold to the georgetown students. he spent a very large sum of money for a set of silver candlesticks and a monstrance for the college altar and another sum, not so large, for a piano. he hired frenchmen whenever possible. besides the established french professors, mondesir and fr. flaget, there was a monsieur duclaracq who instructed the young gentlemen in dancing and fencing and a number of others as well, including two women retained as nurses, mrs. justine dau ( or douat ) and one known only as " alzire, " who were sufficiently well off to lend the college money from time to time. under fr. dubourg ' s presidency some aspects of college life that we think of as essential first took shape. a more formally organized board of directors assumed overall control of the college in 1797. among its first acts was the issuing of a directive to fr. dubourg to publish a prospectus of the college in three languages : english, french, and spanish. this prospectus, which was printed in baltimore in january, 1798, was the college ' s first catalog, albeit a brief one. the french and spanish versions, printed somewhat later, recognized the large number of georgetown students who came from louisiana and the caribbean and the importance of


was printed in baltimore in january, 1798, was the college ' s first catalog, albeit a brief one. the french and spanish versions, printed somewhat later, recognized the large number of georgetown students who came from louisiana and the caribbean and the importance of assuring a continued flow of students from those regions. unfortunately, fr. dubourg and the board of directors could not get along. at a time when american sentiment was becoming strongly anti - french, and when the american navy was fighting an undeclared war with french naval forces in the caribbean, fr. dubourg ' s emphasis on a strong french influence at georgetown was not politically feasible. in december, 1798, fr. dubourg resigned the presidency in favor of fr. leonard neale, under whose direction the college took on a much more american flavor. one other sulpician who contributed much to georgetown in the 1790 ' s was fr. benoit - joseph flaget, a native of the auvergne, later to become the first bishop of bardstown. fr. flaget was 32 when he was recalled from his missionary work at vincennes, indiana, to become vice - president and professor at georgetown in september, 1795. mondesir has much to say about fr. flaget ' s goodness and amiability, but nothing at all about what he did. certainly he spent much effort at learning english, in which he was barely competent when he arrived. he shared with fr. dubourg a taste for the theatre, which he attended in the company of justine douat. fr. flaget shared with fr. dubourg the distinction of being the first georgetown professor to dine with the president of the united states. along with two students, john law of washington and garrett barry of baltimore, frs. flaget and dubourg visited mount vernon on july 10, 1798. law ' s father and barry ' s uncle were friends of washington, and it seems likely that the two sulpicians functioned as escorts rather than as guests of honor. fr. ambrose marechal, a sulpician later to become archbishop of baltimore, served briefly at georgetown in 1801. but after 1798 the french presence at the college never approached the level it attained in the middle of the decade. the sulpicians stayed on in baltimore and elsewhere, but georgetown was to find its strength henceforward in the ranks of the ex - jesuits and those who would become jesuits following the restoration of the society. georgetown would become increasingly more american.


tulip and reformed theology : an introduction just a few years before the pilgrims landed on the shores of new england in the mayflower, a controversy erupted in the netherlands and spread throughout europe and then around the world. it began within the theological faculty of a dutch institution that was committed to calvinistic teaching. some of the professors there began to have second thoughts about issues relating to the doctrines of election and predestination. as this theological controversy spread across the country, it upset the church and theologians of the day. finally, a synod was convened. issues were squared away and the views of certain people were rejected, including those of a man by the name of jacobus arminius. the group that led the movement against orthodox reformed theology was called the remonstrants. they were called the remonstrants because they were remonstrating or protesting against certain doctrines within their own theological heritage. there were basically five doctrines that were the core of the controversy. as a result of this debate, these five core theological issues became known in subsequent generations as the “ five points of calvinism. ” they are now known through the very popular acrostic tulip, which is a clever way to sum up the five articles that were in dispute. the five points, as they are stated in order to form the acrostic tulip, are : total depravity, unconditional election, limited atonement, irresistible grace, and perseverance of the saints. i mention this historical event because it would be a serious mistake to understand the essence of reformed theology simply in light of these five doctrines — the reformed faith involves many other elements of theological and ecclesiastical confession. however, these are the five controversial points of reformed theology, and they are the ones that are popularly seen as distinctive to this particular confession. over the next five posts, we are going to spend some time looking at these five points of calvinism as they are spelled out in the acrostic tulip. - tulip and reformed theology : an introduction - tulip and reformed theology : total depravity - tulip and reformed theology : unconditional election - tulip and reformed theology : limited atonement - tulip and reformed theology : irresistible grace - tulip and reformed theology : perseverance of the saints


- " what is a wiki? " questions questions about using this wiki - finding and accessing information in the wiki - adding information to the wiki - adding other document formats to the wiki - installation & configuration - administering the wiki " what is a wiki? " questions what is a ' ' wiki ' '? the term wiki is a shortened form of wikiwikiweb. a wiki is a database of pages that can be collaboritively edited using a web browser. what is a ' ' moinmoin ' '? a moinmoin is a wiki provided by the python wiki program moinmoin. what is this good for? to be honest, it is good for whatever you use it for. at lineo we have put up a wiki on our internal web site with very many pages, which describe various projects, architectures, ideas, etc. for people to comment on. some pages just sit there and convey information. other pages are an open invitation for discussion and commentary. we also have set up a wiki for a very simple skills database. in general, a wiki is very much a free - form tool, whose value derives from the use to which it is put. for instance, a page in a wiki can serve the same purpose as a discussion thread. you could use a wiki page to collaboratively work on a project. wikis are used internally by the guys who write zope to manage their ideas and projects. what are the major features of a wiki? here are some important wiki features : - editability by anyone - a wiki page is editable by anyone with a web browser - ability to view recent changes - ability to search pages ( several ways ) - ability to very easily add new pages - ability to see the change history for a document - ability to add new information or modify existing information how does this compare to other collaboration tools, like notes? a wiki can accomplish certain things very easily, but there are some things it cannot do. the biggest missing feature is some kind of access control, to allow only certain groups to see and manipulate informatin. what about wiki security? isn ' t a wiki subject to complete wipeout or nastiness from a saboteur? this is an important question. in general, wiki ' s have no security. ( that ' s right! ) because of this, the possibility exists for accidental or conscious destruction or corruption


wipeout or nastiness from a saboteur? this is an important question. in general, wiki ' s have no security. ( that ' s right! ) because of this, the possibility exists for accidental or conscious destruction or corruption of part of all of the wiki. there are two main ways to devalue a wiki. one is through erasure and the other is through corruption. dealing with erasure is not terribly difficult, because there is a change log ( and back versions ) of every page maintained in a location inaccessible to web users. thus, when page deletions or major content erasures are detected ( which should be fairly quickly ), pages can be restored quite easily to their previous good state. explicit and intentional corruption is more difficult to deal with. the possibility exists that someone can enter incorrect information onto a page, or edit pages to intentionally change the information so it is incorrect ( for example, people can change the attributions on a page to make it look like a different person made a particular comment, or someone can change the content of a paragraph to alter its meaning in a detrimental way ). pretty much any collaborative system has this problem. a wiki is just more wide open to it, since it lacks any security at all. in practice, wiki corruption is an extremely rare event, and one that can be dealt with ( if needed ) with the notification feature ( to a fixed auditor ) for new material submission. in other words, the philosophy of wiki is one of dealing manually with the rare ( exception ) case of a saboteur, rather than designing in features and overhead ( both in implementation and in usage ) to avoid the damage caused by a saboteur. questions about using this wiki finding and accessing information in the wiki how can i search the wiki? there are already more ways to search and / or scan the wiki than you can " shake a stick at " : click on the magnifying glass icon. this brings you to the findpage page, where you can search by keyword in title, by full text, with normal words or wildcards ( regular expressions ). click on titleindex. this will show you an alphabetized list of all pages by title. click on wordindex. this shows an alphabetized list of every word in every title ( ie, the bluetooth page is under, b, bluetooth ). click on likepages at the bottom of the page. this shows pages that


click on wordindex. this shows an alphabetized list of every word in every title ( ie, the bluetooth page is under, b, bluetooth ). click on likepages at the bottom of the page. this shows pages that have words in their titles that are similar to the current page. - click on the page title at the very top of the page. this shows what pages link to the current page ( which may help you find related pages ). how do i see what ' s been going on recently in the wiki? click on the recentchanges link at the top of any page. what are these weirdredlinks i keep finding all over the place? any mixed case name that doesn ' t have a page will show up as a red link. adding information to the wiki how do add something to the wiki, or change something that ' s wrong? if you see something you ' d like to comment on, add to, or change, just click on the edittext link at the bottom of the page, or click on the icon at the top of the page. the page is brought up in a text - edit pane in your browser, and you simply make the changes. the wiki formatter will generally " do the right thing " with any text you enter. if you want to get fancy, you can do most of the same types of formatting that html allows you to do. see the helponformatting page for some tips and examples. are there any conventions i should follow when adding information? not very many. it helps to keep certain types of information formatted in a consistent way. one important convention that will help with consistency is the use of " template " pages. the wiki has a feature called " templates " which show up when you create a new page. if you click on one of these when creating a new page, then that page will have a structure similar to others of the same type. for example, when creating your own wiki homepage, you should use the homepagetemplate page, which is available when you create a new page in the wiki. how can i add non - text information to the wiki? if the content already exists on a web site, then just add a link to a wiki page. follow these steps : - get the url for the document, edit the wiki page ( go to the wiki page and click the edittext link ) - type in the url


, then just add a link to a wiki page. follow these steps : - get the url for the document, edit the wiki page ( go to the wiki page and click the edittext link ) - type in the url where you want it in the document - save the changes. the wiki will automatically make a hypertext link from the text you type in. you can make the link " prettier " by putting " cover " wording for the link in brackets. the cover wording will appear on the page, but the link will take the user to the url when clicked on. here ' s an example : [ http : / / your. link. here / foo. html this will be the link text ] how do i add an image to a page? you can include a url to the image in the page. example : adding documents in an intranet if you ' re using moinmoin on an intranet, it may be useful to make links to documents on file shares available to everyone reading your wiki. for example : [ file : / / servername / full / path / to / file / filename. txt click here to read filename. txt ] you can also link to files with spaces in the filenames by manually entering the url encoding for spaces ( % 20 ) : [ file : / / servername / full / path / to / file / filename % 20with % 20spaces. txt click here to read filename with spaces. txt ] another obvious and maybe better option is to use the attachfile action, which was added with version 0. 11. should i ' ' sign ' ' my changes? if they are significant, or you want people to know that you made them, then yes. just put your name or email address after your comment. it is not uncommon to indent your comment under the statement your are commenting on. also, it helps to italicize your comment to make it stand off from the main body of the page you are commenting on. however, in some cases it may be appropriate to just make your change anonymously. correcting spelling, formatting, or trivial word changes are some examples where it is not necessary ( and even discouraged ) for you to sign your modification. adding other document formats to the wiki can i add html to the wiki? if you want to add a single line of html, use the html macro. this is done


not necessary ( and even discouraged ) for you to sign your modification. adding other document formats to the wiki can i add html to the wiki? if you want to add a single line of html, use the html macro. this is done by putting your html text as a parameter to the html macro, like so : [ [ html ( < font size = + 12 > this is large font < / font > ) ] ] this would show up on the page as : html ( < font size = + 12 > this is large font < / font > ) it ' s also possible to place an html document into a page by adding # format html as the first line in the page. if that line is there then the whole page will be interpreted as html ( thus making links to other pages becomes a bit more difficult! ) make sure that you only add the body portion of the page ( not the html headers or anything else outside of the body, including the < body > tag itself ). all of this only works if the html extensions ( html macro and parser ) are installed. installation & configuration see helponadministration for general help on this topic why is the " diff " feature not working? diffs need two things to work properly : the directory " datadir / backup " must exist. - you need a gnu diff executable in your webserver ' s path. note that the path of your webserver might be much shorter than the path you are used to from your shell. how do i activate the " deletepage " option? " deletepage " is not active by default, since it ' s most often used in intranets only and is somewhat dangerous in public wikis. to allow this and other dangerous actions, add them like this to moin _ config. py : administering the wiki how do i administer the wiki? there is a lot of administration information on the recentchanges page, including the number of pages, and the macros and actions that are installed. i usually set up an " adminpage ", where i put macros for these, as well as information about the real physical location of the pages, and macros for orphan pages or other things an adminstrator for the wiki might want to look at. can i restore a page from an older version? not directly. it ' s easy to do ( if you have permissions where the actual wiki data files are kept


things an adminstrator for the wiki might want to look at. can i restore a page from an older version? not directly. it ' s easy to do ( if you have permissions where the actual wiki data files are kept ). but usually, you must request the wiki administrator to restore the page for you. this is done as a hedge against the improbable case of someone trying to sabotage the wiki. for people reading this faq page ( which is probably not your average attacker ), there is this way to restore a page : click on the little " i " in the top - right corner ( pageinfo ). - click on " view " of the version you want to restore. - in the " location " bar of your browser, replace " action = recall " with " action = raw ". cut & paste the text into the edit box of that page, after clicking " editpage ". how do i create a new template page? templates are pages that show up automatically as options when you create a blank page. any page that ends in the word template will automatically show up in the list. hence, if you want certain types of pages to have a similar format ( similar headings, organization, etc. ), you just define a page that ends in template, and when creating pages of this type, select that template and edit it. the wiki fills in the starting content for you. templates are editable wiki pages like any other. to create a template page, just create a new page called < something > template


video games help astronauts prepare for deep - space missions venturing into deep space is an unprecedented challenge for humanity, both in terms of technology and human psychology. starting this week, six people will prepare to face that challenge with the help of three video games. as part of the european space agency ' s ( esa ) preparations for future missions to mars and beyond, six astronauts are entering an isolation unit in moscow this week. they ' ll remain there for 520 days, testing hardware, software and their own responses to being in such close quarters for more than a year. in the process, esa researchers hope to refine " e - partners, " or electronic systems that will monitor human crew and assist in the event of an emergency. that ' s where the video games come in. in a deep - space mission, " the teams are out there alone, " mikael wolff of esa ' s software systems division told technewsdaily. " we want to improve the communication between them and the electronic agents. " to do so, the team developed three games for the astronauts to play on a biweekly basis. the first is a module that will simulate the kind of on - the - job training astronauts will need to refresh their knowledge during long missions. in this module, the astronauts work in groups of three, with one as the teacher and two as the students. the next game is a social networking activity in which the astronauts have to work together to move around on - screen colored trails. by monitoring the astronauts ' cooperative behaviors, the researchers hope to learn how individual team members interact and whether those interactions change over time. these group dynamics are important in a high - pressured, isolated environment, said mark neerincx of the netherlands organization for applied scientific research, who is overseeing the project. " one important question in this situation is whether we can generalize [ the game ] to normal operations and whether we see specific patterns in their communications with each other, " neerincx said. finally, the astronauts will get a chance to relax by playing a lunar landing game. the hope is that leisure - time gaming will boost the astronauts ' moods, wolff said. the astronauts will fill out questionnaires about their emotions and moods before and after all of the games, and their game performance will be recorded. they ' ll also be monitored by web cam to test how well crews on the ground can gauge the emotions of the crew in space. unlike current space missions, where ground control and astronauts are in near - constant communication, deep


performance will be recorded. they ' ll also be monitored by web cam to test how well crews on the ground can gauge the emotions of the crew in space. unlike current space missions, where ground control and astronauts are in near - constant communication, deep space exploration will take astronauts far outside the realm of easy contact. signals will take hours to reach earth, neerincx said, so astronauts have to be able to solve problems on their own. to do so, they ' ll need software that ' s easy to use, supportive and responsive to changing situations. the software being tested has already gone through one 105 - day isolation trial, said wolff. using data from that study, researchers were able to improve their communications network and add more realistic tasks to their modules. this time around, they hope to gather enough data from the training module to automate the system so that the computer would do the training without a human instructor. they also hope to monitor the astronaut ' s performance to better understand how to allocate the day - to - day tasks of running a deep - space mission. next year, the team hopes to take the experiments one step further by re - testing the software at europe ' s concordia base in the antarctic, where astronauts will be asked to carry out real scientific tasks, not just simulations. eventually, they hope to test the system on the international space station. " our experiments mainly look very similar, but the people are going to be in another environment, " wolff said. " the results may be different. " more from livescience. com


tectonic shoving match formed caribbean island arc the image shows how the caribbean plate is pushed to the east relative to the south american plate, causing the caribbean islands ' distinctive arc shape. credit : courtesy of meghan miller and thorsten becker the movement of earth ' s viscous mantle against south america has pushed the caribbean islands east over the last 50 million years, according to a study published monday ( aug. 20 ) in the journal nature geoscience. the university of southern california, in announcing the study, said the findings upend previous hypotheses of the seismic activity beneath the caribbean sea and provide an important new look at the unique tectonic interactions that are causing the caribbean plate to tear away from south america. the caribbean plate is being pushed eastward due to a thick section of the south american plate called a " cratonic keel. " this section of crust is three times thicker than its surroundings. meanwhile, part of the south american plate is being pushed beneath the caribbean plate, a process called subduction. intense heat and pressure gradually force water - containing magma to rise into the earth ' s mantle and fuel the many active volcanoes in the region. all of this pushing and pulling formed the distinctive arc shape of the caribbean islands and has created a very complex system of faults between the two plates, in northern south america, according to the usc statement. the study mapped several of these strike - slip faults, which are similar to california ' s san andreas fault. recent earthquakes in the area helped the two researchers develop an image of the earth ' s deep interior. the earthquake waves move slower or quicker depending on the temperature and composition of the rock. " studying the deep earth interior provides insights into how the earth has evolved into its present form, " researcher meghan s. miller said in the statement. for their study, the researchers used earthquake data to develop 176 computer models, usc said. more from livescience. com


chronic myeloid leukemia the information in this section about chronic myeloid leukemia ( cml ) can help you talk with members of your healthcare team and take an active role in your treatment. knowing what to expect and being able to make informed decisions about your cancer treatment are important aspects of coping with your disease. you can skim sections to find what you want to read now - and continue reading whenever you ' re ready for more information. what you should know - cml is one of four main types of leukemia. - hematologists and oncologists are specialists who treat people who have cml or other types of blood cancer. - most cml patients are treated with daily oral drug therapy. what you should do - talk with your doctor about your diagnostic tests and what the results mean. - make sure your doctor continually monitors your response to medication, which is essential to bringing your cml under control. what is cml? chronic myeloid leukemia ( cml ) is a cancer of the bone marrow and blood. cml is usually diagnosed in its chronic phase when treatment is very effective for most patients. cml has three phases. cml is also called : - chronic myelogenous leukemia - chronic granulocytic leukemia - chronic myelocytic leukemia. source : chronic myeloid leukemia. reviewed by neil p. shah, md, phd.


word lists and pronunciation guides this page contains links to pdf ' s of the words, phrases, and sentences used in some of the locutour software titles. the manuals usually contain more information on the guidelines we used when selecting words and writing sentences. it also contains our pronunciation guide which is useful for understanding how we placed words into different categories. locutour guide to sounds these guides are meant to be used as a reference when using locutour software. they show how we categorize the sounds that are in words. for each sound we show how we : spell it, label it, classify it, and produce it. we show the ipa representation, spelling, and give examples. articulation i - consonant phonemes the artic words lists contain the words, sounds, phrases, and sentences used in the game. you can download the complete list or just specific sounds or categories. articulation ii - consonant clusters these lists contain the words, sounds, phrases, and sentences used in the game. you can download the complete list or just a specific letter sound. articulation iii - vowels + r and r clusters these lists contain the words, sounds, phrases, and sentences used in the game. you can download the complete list or just specific categories. articulation iv - r, s, l, th this list contains the words, sounds, phrases, and sentences used in the game and the app. artic games and more this list contains the words, sounds, phrases, and sentences used in articulation portion of the word practice game and in the artic practice app. and a one, two, three and a one, two, three is included on several cds. this file contains the words and the syllables for the english version. basic words for children and palabras basicas para los ninos these are the words, sentences, and phrases from 100 words for children, wild, woolly, wonderful critters and and a one, two, three!. the spanish versions are 100 palabras basicas, ¡ animales fantasticos! and ¡ uno, dos, y tres! - 100 basic words for children — words and sentences - wild, woolly, wonderful critters - and a one, two, three! “ it ’ s a... safari ” these are the words, sentences, and phrases from “ it ’ s a... safari ”. look! listen! and learn language! these files have the words, sentences, and phrases from the


it ’ s a... safari ” these are the words, sentences, and phrases from “ it ’ s a... safari ”. look! listen! and learn language! these files have the words, sentences, and phrases from the let ' s talk about it and word practice games and the words and sentences from show me. the word practice and show me … apps use the same word lists as the games on the cd. literacy has three cds : phonemic awareness, rules, rules, rules ; and “ spelling test on friday! ”. the phonology word list is used in both phonology i and ii. it shows how we classify the words and how we split the target pattern. minimal pairs is a game on the phonology i cd as well as an app. these lists can help you navigate through the dvd and app. the train talk! app has the same content as the train talk game on the cd. - sights and sounds around me videos - sights and sounds around me - photo detail - cut ups - and a one, two, three syllables - train talk fonologia en espanol — spanish phonology these word lists are used in both spanish phonology cds. - ¡ uno, dos, y tres! — and a one, two, three - ¿ que es diferente? — what ' s different - escuchar y repetir y sonidos combinados — word practice and word blending - escuchar y repetir for iphone and ipad show me … apps for iphone® and ipad® show me … apps use the content of our cds in a different way for use on mobile devices. the original show me … is a direct port of the show me game on look! listen! and learn language!. because it is so popular, we made four more apps that use the content from artic games and more - word practice in a show me … format. - show me … - show me … actions - show me … animals, food, and more - show me … people, places, and things - show me … social who, what, when, where, why for iphone® and ipad® this app uses the content from artic games and more - word practice but organized into who, what, when, where, why questions instead of by phoneme. show me … colors, numbers, and shapes indicar … colores, numeros y formas for iphone® and ipad® these apps


is warming - up more important than stretching before physical activity? it almost goes without saying that athletes should stretch before playing or working out. but, a surprising amount of new research is questioning that belief and challenging the notion that stretching is effective in improving performance. surprisingly, there is little scientific evidence to support that supports the performance benefits theory of stretching. in fact, recent research has begun to demonstrate that stretching prior to physical activity actually decreases researchers at california state university, chico observed the effects stretching had on vertical jump technique and performance. after a 3 minute warm - up on a stationary bike, one half the subjects rested while the other half performed a series of stretches. results indicated that over half the subjects in the stretching group decreased jumping performance following stretching. the researchers note that decreasing muscle stiffness is primarily related to increased muscle temperature and not the effect of stretching. furthermore, stretching during the warm - up period for dynamic physical activity may be counterproductive to vertical jump performance. it was concluded that warming up the muscles prior to activity was more beneficial than stretching before activity. knudson, d., bennett, k., corn, r., leick, d., and smith, c, acute effects of stretching are not evident in the kinematics of the vertical jump, jscr vol. 15 ( 1 ), 2001, p. 98 - 101.


purchase over $ 125. 00 with your credit card from our internet store and pay no shipping on orders shipped within the united states or to u. s. territories. opening doors to the future / grades 6 - 12 a 12 - session support group for middle - and high - school students who are at - risk due to discipline problems resulting from in - school and out - of - school suspensions and involvement with the court system. the support group gives facilitators a step - by - step, methodical plan that is divided into three specific phases : locating each person ' s control, choices and consequences, and goal - setting. this program ' s methodical format is what makes it successful. no new concept is introduced until the former one is understood. for example, choices and consequences are not considered until the students realize who they are and that they do have control over their lives. goal setting is not introduced until the students have a full realization of choices and consequences and what they mean to their lives. this is a proven program with a high rate of success. topic : at - risk students due to discipline problems includes : 12 sessions, reproducible activity sheets, complete leader ' s guide grade levels : 6 - 12 ages : 12 - 18 for use with : small groups author : anna jean gaissert recommended for : middle - school counselors, high - school counselors, social workers, psychologists, at - risk counselors


phoenix ( dec. 21, 2012 ) – maricopa county air quality department announced today, the release of a new coloring book entitled “ winter in the desert. ” the 16 - page book is designed to be used as a tool for students to learn about air pollution, how to help prevent air pollution and become good environmental stewards. the book is a collaborative effort among mcaqd, arizona department of environmental quality and phoenix center for the arts. the coloring book can be downloaded at “ winter in the desert ” is being released at this time because the phoenix metropolitan area typically has its highest levels of smoke from woodburning fireplaces, stoves and chimineas during the holiday season. as a result of the high smoke levels, repeated high pollution advisories and health watches are issued this time of the year by adeq and “ no - burn days ” by maricopa county air quality department. “ everyone, including children understands the importance of clean air, ” maricopa county air quality department director bill wiley said. “ through the characters in “ winter in the desert ” children and adults will learn more about the air and how to protect it and also have fun. ” for more information, on what you can do to keep the air clean in maricopa county go to www. cleanairmakemore. com. adeq air quality forecasts for the phoenix metropolitan area are available at http : / / www. azdeq. gov / environ / air / ozone / ensemble. pdf and to find out if a no - burn day has been issued, go to http : / / www. maricopa. gov / aq /. the maricopa county air quality department is a regulatory agency whose goal is to ensure federal clean air standards are achieved and maintained for the residents and visitors of maricopa county. the department is governed by the maricopa county board of supervisors and follows air quality standards set forth by the federal clean air act. the department offers air quality information and resources on its clean air make more website. please visit www. cleanairmakemore. com to learn more. contact : bob huhn – ( 602 ) 506 - 6713 desk / ( 602 ) 526 - 7307 cell. the arizona department of environmental quality ( adeq ) provides a daily forecast for air quality. when conditions exist, adeq will issue high pollution advisories or health watches. please visit www. azdeq. gov / environ