target different types of intervention, " verchot added. the study provides useful insights on developing a steady emission reduction scheme for redd +, said nirarta samadhi from indonesia ' s redd + task force. he said it highlighted important details about capability gaps that would be valuable to global supporters. environmental science and policy doi : 10. 1016 / j. envsci. 2012. 01. 005 ( 2012 ) pdjmoo ( the natural eye project | united states of america ) 6 may 2012 there is no time left to be fooling about with more reports on greenhouse gas relative to forest loss and the redd + programs. we all know enough now to demand that we cease and desist from any further deforestation for many reasons, the least of which is climate change, not to mention all the life and ecosystems being devastated that ultimately impact we humans and indigenous peoples. further deforestation is a no - win for life and the planet. the only win is for profits and we just have to find a biodegradable alternative to timber for consumer needs. the palm oil and agriculture can be addressed without destruction of forests. a better use of our time and money. we can continue to kick the bucket down the road with dates like 2020 or find a way to have a global moratorium on forest destruction now... and that will require courage and cooperation from all levels. the matter is urgent. then you can do all the reports, analysis and studies you want, once the destruction has ceased. a lot of food for thought here and willingness to move beyond our vested interests and old positions for the betterment and good of all life on this planet. jorge laine ( venezuela ) 8 may 2012 tropical deforestation does not necessarily mean eventual greenhouse gas increment. scientists must look for land use changes promoting atmospheric carbon capture and storage : for example greening of deserts constituting almost 1 / 3 of earth nonpermafrost land. all scidev. net material is free to reproduce providing that the source and author are appropriately credited. for further details see creative commons.


oct. 22, 1998 oct. 21, 1998 - - a vibrant celestial photo album of some of nasa hubble space telescope ' s most stunning views of the universe is being unveiled today on the internet. called the hubble heritage program, this technicolor gallery is being assembled by a team of astronomers at hubble ' s science operations center, the space telescope science institute ( stsci ) in baltimore, md. the hubble heritage program is intended to provide the public with some of the very best celestial views the space telescope has to offer. a " newly processed " hubble " picture of the month " will be shared with the public on an ongoing basis at a dedicated web site : http : / / heritage. stsci. edu. a new image will be posted on the first thursday of every month. the stsci team is sifting through hubble telescope ' s treasure trove of space images to uncover some of the most striking pictures ever taken by the orbiting observatory. the hubble images were originally taken for astronomical research. the images are digitally stored on optical disks in the hubble archives for other scientists to retrieve for further research. aside from scientific value, the images offer compelling views of the universe ' s infinite wonders. they include all types of astronomical phenomena, from nearby planets, to colorful nebulae, to remote galaxies. the first batch of pictures released today includes a view into the star - studded hub of our galaxy ; saturn in " natural color " ; a stellar - wind sculpted bubble carved by a massive hot star ; and an overhead view of a magnificent spiral galaxy, dubbed " sunny side up. " since its launch in 1990 the hubble space telescope has taken pictures of over 10, 000 celestial objects. the most scientifically interesting observations have been released to news organizations routinely. a large number of pictures have not previously been presented to the public. the task of selecting images for the hubble heritage project involves more than just flipping through hubble ' s 5. 4 - terabyte scrapbook of over 130, 000 space pictures. beautiful color pictures have been meticulously assembled by skilled image processing specialists at stsci. the images selected from the archive are originally black and white and must be combined with other pictures of the same object, taken through different filters. photographic film, home video cameras, and even the human eye reconstruct color views in a similar manner. the institute ' s image processing specialists carefully selected colors to bring out the most detail in the pictures. these aesthetic pictures can also yield new


. photographic film, home video cameras, and even the human eye reconstruct color views in a similar manner. the institute ' s image processing specialists carefully selected colors to bring out the most detail in the pictures. these aesthetic pictures can also yield new insights into the nature of a celestial object. the team continues working away on hubble images, and assembling enticing new views of celestial wonders for the public. " these images communicate, at a visceral level, the awe and excitement that we experience when exploring the universe with hubble. it is our chance to repay the public that supports us, " says heritage program scientist keith noll. - - end - - the space telescope science institute is operated by the association of universities for research in astronomy, inc. ( aura ) for nasa, under contract with the goddard space flight center, greenbelt, md. the hubble space telescope is a project of international cooperation between nasa and the european space agency ( esa ). editor ' s note : images and photo captions associated with this release are available on the internet at : http : / / heritage. stsci. edu and http : / / oposite. stsci. edu / pubinfo / 1998 / 28 or via links in http : / / oposite. stsci. edu / pubinfo / latest. html or http : / / oposite. stsci. edu / pubinfo / pictures. html. other social bookmarking and sharing tools : the above story is reprinted from materials provided by space telescope science institute. note : materials may be edited for content and length. for further information, please contact the source cited above. note : if no author is given, the source is cited instead.


sep. 3, 2001 for all the promise of crops genetically modified to resist pests, the miracles of the laboratory are only good until the bugs outsmart them. mark whalon, a michigan state university entomology professor, says that farmers and those marketing genetically modified seeds shouldn ’ t become complacent because so far there has been no documented evidence that insects have developed resistance to crops engineered to repel them. instead, in a presentation at the 222nd national conference of the american chemical society ( acs ) on wednesday, aug. 29, he said precautions should be taken to explore ways to combat resistance to genetically modified organism ( gmo ) crops before the bugs develop it. “ we ’ d like to think that science could manage resistance, but in truth, historically we ’ ve been pretty ineffective, ” whalon said. “ i think what ’ s going on in the big gmo crops – corn and cotton – is that growers haven ’ t yet gotten a high enough percentage of gmo plants in the field such that sufficient selection pressure has been mounted against the pests for resistance to develop. ” whalon ’ s acs presentation – “ insect resistance to gmos : what have we learned? ” – explores speculation on whether pests will evolve to defend themselves from crops that produce defenses against them. insects and mites already have proven deft at developing resistance to applied insecticides, with 540 arthropods resistant to more than 310 insecticides and miticides. these speculations and deductive arguments have resulted in the first - ever requirement by u. s. environmental protection agency for resistance management plans as a part of the gmo registration process whalon is a proponent of working now to head off resistance in the field by learning to live with some of the insects. he argues that a certain number of crop - eating pests need to be treasured – protected for the susceptibility genes they pass on to the next generation. “ it has never been good just to kill everything you can, ” whalon said. “ we should be trying to preserve a sufficient number of insects that are susceptible to the gmo crops. these bugs that normally would be killed need to be allowed to survive so they can provide susceptible genes to the population pool. otherwise, we will select a strain of resistant bugs to destroy or mitigate the value of a promising new technology. ” the process of letting a few otherwise doomed bugs survive and pass their vulnerability or “ susceptibility ” on to future


pool. otherwise, we will select a strain of resistant bugs to destroy or mitigate the value of a promising new technology. ” the process of letting a few otherwise doomed bugs survive and pass their vulnerability or “ susceptibility ” on to future generations is called the “ refugia strategy ” – the practice of providing a gmo - free refuge for the bugs to happily grow, develop and breed. give the more fragile, yet genetically valuable pests a place to call their own – even if they munch away at the crops in a minor way – and they will pay farmers and society back for many, many years to come. the practice of refugia is still experimental – and can be a tough sell to farmers skeptical of showing mercy to any crop - eating pests. “ susceptibility is a natural resource, ” whalon said. “ just like there ’ s only so much water and air, there ’ s only so much susceptibility to be grabbed up and exploited. it ’ s a natural resource that could be critical to the future of feeding generation of people to come. ” other social bookmarking and sharing tools : the above story is reprinted from materials provided by michigan state university. note : materials may be edited for content and length. for further information, please contact the source cited above. note : if no author is given, the source is cited instead.


may 1, 2009 researchers at harvard university have found that humans aren ’ t the only ones who can groove to a beat — some other species can dance, too. the capability was previously believed to be specific to humans. the research team found that only species that can mimic sound seem to be able to keep a beat, implying an evolutionary link between the two capacities. the study was led by adena schachner, a doctoral candidate in psychology at harvard, and is published in the current issue of current biology. schachner ’ s co - authors are marc hauser, professor of psychology at harvard ; irene pepperberg, lecturer at harvard and adjunct associate professor of psychology at brandeis university ; and timothy brady, a doctoral candidate at the massachusetts institute of technology. schachner and her colleagues closely studied alex, a well - known african grey parrot who passed away shortly after the study, and snowball, a sulphur - crested cockatoo whose humanlike dancing behavior has led to online fame. “ our analyses showed that these birds ’ movements were more lined up with the musical beat than we ’ d expect by chance, ” says schachner. “ we found strong evidence that they were synchronizing with the beat, something that has not been seen before in other species. ” the researchers noted that these two birds had something in common : an excellent ability to mimic sound. “ it had recently been theorized that vocal mimicry might be related to the ability to move to a beat, ” says schachner. “ the particular theory was that natural selection for vocal mimicry resulted in a brain mechanism that was also needed for moving to a beat. this theory made a really specific prediction : only animals that can mimic sound should be able to keep a beat. ” to test this prediction, schachner needed data from a large variety of animals — so she turned to a novel source of data, the youtube video database. schachner systematically searched the database for videos of animals moving with the beat of the music, including vocal mimics such as parrots and vocal nonmimics such as dogs and cats. schachner analyzed the videos frame - by - frame, using the same analyses applied to the case - study birds. criteria included the animal ’ s speed compared with the speed of the music and alignment with individual beats. potentially “ fake ” videos, where music was added to the video after the fact, or the animal was following visual cues, were omitted. “ the really important point is that many animals showed


with the speed of the music and alignment with individual beats. potentially “ fake ” videos, where music was added to the video after the fact, or the animal was following visual cues, were omitted. “ the really important point is that many animals showed really strong evidence of synchronizing with the music, but they were all vocal mimics, ” says schachner. “ most of them were parrots — we found 14 different species of parrot on youtube that showed convincing evidence that they could keep a beat. ” because only animals capable of vocal mimicry — such as parrots — appear to be able to keep a beat, the study implies an evolutionary link between vocal mimicry and this crucial part of dance. “ our data suggests that some of the brain mechanisms needed for human dance originally evolved to allow us to imitate sound, ” says schachner. it is important to note that vocal mimicry alone is not enough for a bird to keep a beat, although the researchers aren ’ t yet certain why some parrots can dance and not others. it may be that all parrots have a latent capacity, but need certain experiences or social motivation, according to schachner. schachner says that these birds do not seem to move in synchrony with sounds in the wild, and so the behavior could not have evolved as a result of direct natural selection. for this reason, in bird species this capacity must be an evolutionary byproduct of something else, says schachner, seemingly vocal mimicry. it may be, says schachner, that the human ability to keep time with music has also evolved as a byproduct of vocal mimicry. she points out that the cognitive processes needed for both actions are related. “ in both vocal mimicry and entrainment, ” says schachner, “ you ’ re taking in auditory input, and constantly monitoring not only your output but also the sound input. this allows you to fix your output in real time, to better resemble or line up with what you hear. for example, if you are tapping to a beat, you constantly monitor the sound and your taps, so that if you become misaligned with the beat, you immediately change your timing. if you are imitating a sound, you constantly monitor your memory of the sound you are trying to imitate, as well as the sound you are producing, so if you notice a difference, you can change your vocalization. so it seems plausible that vocal mimicry and keeping a


july 20, 2012 a team led by harvard computer scientists, including two undergraduate students, has developed a new tool that could lead to increased security and enhanced performance for commonly used web and mobile applications. called rocksalt, the clever bit of code can verify that native computer programming languages comply with a particular security policy. presented at the acm conference on programming language design and implementation ( pldi ) in beijing, in june, rocksalt was created by greg morrisett, allen b. cutting professor of computer science at the harvard school of engineering and applied sciences ( seas ), two of his undergraduate students edward gan ' 13 and joseph tassarotti ' 13, former postdoctoral fellow jean - baptiste tristan ( now at oracle ), and gang tan of lehigh university. the use of native code, especially in an online environment, however, opens up the door to hackers who can exploit vulnerabilities and readily gain access to other parts of a computer or device. an initial solution to this problem was offered over a decade ago by computer scientists at the university of california, berkeley, who developed software fault isolation ( sfi ). sfi forces native code to " behave " by rewriting machine code to limit itself to functions that fall within particular parameters. this " sandbox process " sets up a contained environment for running native code. a separate " checker " program can then ensure that the executable code adheres to regulations before running the program. while considered a major breakthrough, the solution was limited to devices using risc chips, a processor more common in research than in consumer computing. in 2006, morrisett developed a way to implement sfi on the more popular cisc - based chips, like the intel x86 processor. the technique was adopted widely. google modified the routine for google chrome, eventually developing it into google native client ( or " nacl " ). when bugs and vulnerabilities were found in the checker for nacl, google sent out a call to arms. morrissett once again took on the challenge, turning the problem into an opportunity for his students. the result was rocksalt, an improvement over nacl, built using coq, a proof development system. " we built a simple but incredibly powerful system for proving a hypothesis - - so powerful that it ' s likely to be overlooked. we want to prove that if the checker says ' yes, ' the code will indeed respect the sandbox security policy, " says joseph tassarotti ' 13, who built and tested a model


powerful that it ' s likely to be overlooked. we want to prove that if the checker says ' yes, ' the code will indeed respect the sandbox security policy, " says joseph tassarotti ' 13, who built and tested a model of the execution of x86 instructions. " we wanted to get a guarantee that there are no bugs in the checker, so we set out to construct a rigorous, machine - checked proof that the checker is correct. " " our proofs about the correctness of our own tool say that if you run the tool on a program, and it says it ' s safe to run, then according to the model, this program can only do certain things, " tassarotti adds. " our proof, however, was only as good as this model. if the model was wrong, then the tool could potentially have an error. " in other words, he explains, think of an analogy in physics. while you might mathematically prove that according to newton ' s laws, a moving object will follow a certain trajectory, the proof is only meaningful to the degree that newton ' s laws accurately model the world. " since the x86 architecture is very complicated, it was essential to test the model by running programs on a real chip, then simulating them with the model, and seeing whether the results matched. i specified the meanings of many of these instructions and developed the testing infrastructure to check for errors in the model, " tassarotti says. " the biggest benefit may be that users can have more peace of mind that a piece of software works as they want it to, " says morrisett. " for users, the impact of such a tool is slightly more tangible ; it allows users to safely run, for example, games, in a web browser without the painfully slow speeds that translated code traditionally provides. " previous efforts to develop a robust, error - free checker have resulted in some success, but rocksalt has the potential to be scaled to software widely used by the general public. the researchers expect that their tool might end up being adopted and integrated into future versions of common web browsers. morrisett and his team also have plans to adapt the tool for use in a broader variety of processors. reflecting on how the class project has been transformative, tassarotti says, " i plan to pursue a ph. d. in computer science, and i hope to work on projects like this that can improve the correctness of software. as computers are so prevalent now in fields


web edition : june 28, 2012 print edition : july 28, 2012 ; vol. 182 # 2 ( p. 15 ) pottery making got off to an ancient, icy start in east asia. pieces of ceramic containers found in a chinese cave date to between 19, 000 and 20, 000 years ago, making these finds from the peak of the last ice age the oldest known examples of pottery. this new discovery suggests that hunter - gatherers in east asia used pottery for cooking at least 10, 000 years before farming appeared in that part of the world, say archaeologist xiaohong wu of peking university in beijing, china, and her colleagues. cooking would have increased energy obtained from starchy foods and meat, a big plus in frigid areas with limited food opportunities, the researchers report in the june 29 science. “ the early onset of pottery making meant that food preparation intensified during the last glacial maximum, ” says harvard university archaeologist and study coauthor ofer bar - yosef. wu, bar - yosef and colleagues gathered 45 samples of bone and charcoal from previously excavated soil layers at xianrendong cave. radiocarbon measurements of bone and charcoal generated by three labs — one in china and two in the united states — point to initial human use of the cave from about 29, 000 to 17, 500 years ago. xianrendong cave pottery contains burn marks from being placed over fires and is 2, 000 to 3, 000 years older than pottery from another chinese cave, which had previously held the age record. until about a decade ago, scientists assumed that heating clay to make ceramic containers began about 10, 000 years ago with the rise of farming ( sn : 2 / 5 / 05, p. 88 ). “ chinese pottery appeared long before animal domestication and has no obvious connection to the origins of agriculture or sedentary living, ” remarks archaeologist t. douglas price of the university of wisconsin – madison. east asian hunter - gatherers may have set up seasonal camps 20, 000 years ago, where they made pottery, proposes archaeologist zhijun zhao of the chinese academy of social sciences in beijing. “ xianrendong pottery probably had many purposes, including boiling clams and snails, ” says zhao, who participated in a 1993 excavation of the cave. numerous clam and snail shells were unearthed in pottery - bearing soil at xianrendong cave and at other ancient chinese sites, zhao says. ice age people could also have used pottery to boil bones for grease and marrow and to brew alcoholic drinks, the chinese


in the fall of 2005, the dalai lama gave the inaugural dialogues between neuroscience and society lecture at the annual meeting of the society for neuroscience in washington, dc. there were over 30, 000 neuroscientists registered for the meeting, and it seemed as if most of them attended the talk. the dalai lama ’ s address was designed to highlight the areas of convergence between neuroscience and buddhist thought about the mind, and to many in the audience he clearly achieved his objective. there was some controversy over his being invited to deliver this lecture insofar as he is both a head of state and a religious leader, and for that reason he largely stuck to his prepared text. but he strayed from the text at least once, reminding the audience that not only was he a buddhist monk but also an enthusiastic proponent of modern technology. elaborating, he shared a confidence with the audience, telling the audience of scientists that meditating was hard work for him ( even though he meditates for 4 hours every morning ), and that if neuroscientists were able to find a way to put electrodes in his brain and provide him with the same outcome as he gets from meditating, he would be an enthusiastic volunteer. it turns out that a recent set of experiments, from researchers at mit and stanford, moves us a step closer to making his wish a reality. the dalai lama ’ s interest in neuroscience has been reciprocated by at least some members of the neuroscience community. reasoning that studying the brains of people who meditate might lead to novel insights about the human brain, investigations of long - term meditators has been fertile ground for scientific investigation, with some of the more rigorous work emerging from richard davidson ’ s laboratory at the university of wisconsin. from the perspective of neuroscience, meditation can be characterized as a series of mental exercises by which one strengthens one ’ s control over the workings of their own brain. the simplest of these meditation practices is ‘ focused attention ’ where one concentrates on a single object, for example one ’ s breath. when expert meditators practiced focused attention meditation, demonstrable changes were seen using fmri in the networks of the brain that are known to modulate attention. a second set of experiments studied long - term meditators practicing ‘ open monitoring meditation ’, a more advanced meditation practice which in many ways is a form of metacognition : the objective is not to focus one ’ s attention but rather to use one ’ s brain to monitor the universe of mental experience


practicing ‘ open monitoring meditation ’, a more advanced meditation practice which in many ways is a form of metacognition : the objective is not to focus one ’ s attention but rather to use one ’ s brain to monitor the universe of mental experience without directing attention to any one task. the unexpected result of this experiment was that the eeg of long - term meditators exhibited much more gamma - synchrony than that of naive meditators. moreover, normally human brains produce only short bursts of gamma - synchrony. what was most remarkable about this study was that long - term meditators were able to produce sustained gamma - activity in a manner that had never previously been observed in any other human. as such, sustained gamma activity has emerged as a proxy for at least some aspects of the meditative state. but what causes gamma rhythm? and are there any potential benefits of sustained gamma - activity? the strongest hypothesis for the cellular mechanisms underlying generation of the gamma rhythm is that it is due to the activation of fast - spiking interneurons in the cerebral cortex. in two new papers to be published in nature, the laboratories of christopher moore and li - huei tsai at mit and karl deisseroth at stanford tested this hypothesis directly. the experimenters utilized optogenetics, developing custom - designed viruses to infect only the fast - spiking interneurons of either the prefrontal or barrel cortex in mice with genetically engineered, light - sensitive cation channels. then, they inserted fine optical fibers into the relevant region of the cortex, allowing light to be delivered to the infected neurons and thereby activating only the fast - spiking interneurons. ( in essence, this allowed them to switch particular brain cells on and off. ) in both experiments, selectively stimulating the fast - spiking interneurons evoked gamma oscillations, thereby confirming the hypothesis that these neurons drive the gamma rhythm.


our hematology program treats a wide range of blood disorders as well as cancer for children of all ages. one disease that we treat fits into both groups : leukemia, cancer of the blood – the most common childhood cancer. children with any type of cancer may develop problems with their blood because of the treatments they need to receive. but many blood disorders have nothing to do with cancer. they arise from other types of problems in the body. they include problems with red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, clotting factors and bone marrow, where the body makes blood cells. what conditions do you treat? here are the main types of blood disorders that we diagnose and treat. red blood cell problems these include many types of anemia, such as iron - deficiency anemia, thalassemia syndromes, hereditary spherocytosis and sickle cell anemia. white blood cell problems the most common white blood cell problem we treat is neutropenia, or low levels of white blood cells. it can range from mild to severe. platelet problems include a disease known as itp, or immune thrombocytopenic purpura. these are problems in which the blood does not clot well to stop bleeding. they include hemophilia, von willebrand disease and other rare clotting problems. these are problems in which blood clots form when or where they are not needed. there are many causes for thrombosis. some people are born with a risk for excess clotting, called thrombophilia, because of genes passed down from their parents. bone marrow failure sometimes bone marrow stops working. in aplastic anemia, the bone marrow stops making stem cells, which develop into red and white blood cells and platelets. there are other forms of bone marrow failure, too. learn about our bone marrow failure program. our hematology doctors, nurses and other team members can help children and their families in many ways, including diagnosis, testing, treatment and counseling. we can diagnose a blood problem if your child has signs or symptoms that something may be wrong. sometimes a blood problem is a symptom of some other illness. we work with doctors in other departments to help identify and treat these illnesses. we can test your child for a blood problem that you know runs in the family. if your child has a blood problem that is inherited, we can test others in your family. we can also talk with you about the risk of having another


illnesses. we can test your child for a blood problem that you know runs in the family. if your child has a blood problem that is inherited, we can test others in your family. we can also talk with you about the risk of having another child with the same condition. we have a full range of current options to treat blood problems. the right treatments depend on your child, the condition, the severity and other factors. for example : we can counsel you about the best ways to help your child recover from a blood problem. in the case of blood problems that cannot be cured, we can counsel you about the best ways to help your child live the healthiest, fullest life possible. what ' s special about the hematology program at children ’ s? our hematology program brings together healthcare professionals from many fields. we can address all aspects of your child ' s health. our goals are to achieve the best possible outcome for your child and to decrease the impact of the illness on your child ' s life. we work with you, your child, your family and your child ' s primary doctor to get your child the right care and services, even if you don ' t live nearby. all of our attending physicians who work in the hematology / oncology division — the division that handles blood disorders and cancer — are board - certified. this means they ' re approved to give the specialized care needed for these diseases. for some of them, hematology is an area of special interest. these doctors work closely with other team members, such as physical therapists, orthopedic doctors, social workers, pain medicine specialists and doctors and staff in our specialized dental clinic to help meet your child ' s needs. we are a hemophilia treatment center, one of only three in washington. we also work closely with the puget sound blood center for transfusion services and for patients who need specialized treatment with clotting factors. our sickle cell program is based at our odessa brown children ’ s clinic in seattle ' s central district. in the rare case when a child needs a hematopoietic cell transplant, we work closely with the hematopoietic cell transplant program at fred hutchinson cancer research center and the seattle cancer care alliance to provide this. young patients who have a transplant spend their hospital stay in children ’ s cancer care unit. who needs the hematology program? children with blood problems and their families visit us for many reasons. some of them come for only one or two visits to


gallery : images of mars from the curiosity rover curiosity has stopped in its tracks on mars as scientists investigate a shiny object on the planet surface that probably came from the rover itself. images from a sandy area called rocknest, where curiosity began scooping soil samples last weekend, show a small, oblong object. " the rover team ' s assessment is that the bright object is something from the rover, not martian material, " jpl ' s mars science laboratory team wrote in a status report on tuesday. " it appears to be a shred of plastic material, likely benign, but it has not been definitively identified. " scientists are now taking more photos in hopes of identifying the object. in the meantime, the rover has stopped mid - action, with a soil sample still sitting in its scoop. the team suspended scientific activities on the 62nd martian day of the mission ( or sol 62 ), including use of the rover ' s robotic arm. " to proceed cautiously, the team is continuing the investigation for another day before deciding whether to resume processing of the sample in the scoop. plans include imaging of surroundings with the mastcam, " the jpl team wrote. a press conference is planned thursday. speculation about the object was rampant on twitter and message boards, a twitter account dedicated to the object, @ benignplastic, also popped up tuesday : " i ' m a little insulted @ nasa seems to think i am so benign... that ' s how all the scifi movies start you know... " curiosity ' s soil sampling will likely resume once scientists are confident the object won ' t contaminate testing. the rover had stopped at rocknest to begin its first major analysis, determining the chemical and mineralogical composition of the sand. but curiosity never got to the first stage, depositing the sand into its internal mechanism and shaking it out in a cleaning process. once the soil sampling is completed, curiosity will drive about 100 yards further to glenelg, an area where three different types of terrain converge. 626 - 578 - 6300, ext. 4475


anthocyanin : the pigment that gives red wine its color, which is found in the skin of the grape. the thicker the grape ’ s skin, the more color and opacity it delivers to the wine. aromatics : the floral term for the scents you perceive in a wine. berry : winemaker and grower ’ s term for an individual grape. botrytis cinerea : a fungus that affects fruits, including grapes. often referred to as “ noble rot ” when particularly wet conditions are followed by dry. botrytis cinerea doesn ’ t destroy the grapes but rather produces higher sugar content that can lend a honey flavor to wines. in solely wet conditions, it can destroy the bunches. blending trials : process used by vintners whereby they blend wines with different characteristics to produce a single, balanced wine with a strong beginning, middle and end on the palette. blind test : a format for wine tasting where the tasters have no information about the wines other than what they can determine with their senses. brix : the unit of measure for the amount of sugar within a grape. it is measured with a refractometer and used to determine ripeness and harvest date. bud break : the point when new shoots emerge, or break out, from the buds on a grapevine. this takes place in early spring and begins the grapevines ' growth cycle for the year. estate wines / estate winery : by u. s. government standards, for a wine to be labeled “ estate ” 100 percent of it must be made from grapes grown on land owned by the winery ( or controlled by the winery ). loire : referring to the loire valley wine region in france that stretches east from the atlantic coast at nantes to within 90 miles of chinon, bourgeuil and samur - champigny most especially. like the finger lakes region, cabernet franc is grown in abundance here and is renowned and respected by wine aficionados. meritage ( rhymes with “ heritage ” ) : created by a group of vintners and registered with the u. s. department of trademarks and patents, the term refers to a category of american blended wines made from bordeaux grape varieties. wines termed meritage must meet a specific set of standards. nose : aromas perceived in a particular wine ; also called bouquet. sorting : removing the diseased grapes from those of the quality you want to keep. at sheldrake, sorting is done first in the vineyard when pickers are told


technically, yeats died in a hospital. we know this because, well, the first section spends a good bit of time talking about the mundane details of dying in a hospital. but that ' s really the boring part of this poem – and intentionally so. auden ' s language makes it clear to us that death is often mundane and boring and, well, full of hospitals and other not - so - fun stuff. but that ' s only the beginning. see, the imaginative scope of the poem takes in a whole lot more than just the setting of yeats ' s actual death. it pans out to rove over the whole landscape of his life, including his deep love for his home country, ireland. remember the bit where the speaker announces that " mad ireland hurt " yeats into poetry? ok, so the poem is not " set " in ireland in the traditional sense. we don ' t get descriptions of rolling hills and leprechauns. but it is the emotional heart of the poem, which, in our book, is every bit as interesting. panning out even further, the setting expands to include the events that were going on in the world in 1939. auden manages to paint a vivid picture of a world built of isolationists. ( hmm... sounds like the foreign - policy agenda of the us at the time. ) oh, and don ' t forget the nightmarish oncoming of world war ii. combine all three settings and you ' ve got a poem that can talk about the nitty - gritty, mundane details of life at the same time as it philosophizes on the state of world affairs. pretty impressive, huh?


almost everyone today must have paid a visit to a doctor or to a hospital. ‘ health is wealth ’ says one old wise saying. and ‘ an apple a day, keeps the doctor away ’ says another saying. these sayings are great in themselves, but a fact that cannot be altered is that we all need doctors. from the time we are born, in the modern world today, we are delivered with help from doctors. if we fall ill we go to a doctor to be treated. like it or not a doctor is the one who checks us and pronounces us as dead. the entire circle of life from birth to death sees a doctor playing a very important role. doctors perform their duties with the help of a plethora of medical equipments. we have seen them often and dislike some of them like the injection that is painful but essential to get well soon. an injection is generally made up of a syringe and a needle. injections are administered to ones muscles, veins, etc as per the need and are used in immunizations, blood transfusions and to administer medicinal fluids. the stethoscope is another instrument that one has often seen with the doctor. the stethoscope is an instrument that one often associates with the medical profession. the stethoscope was first used in the early greek period. the name is an amalgamation of two greek words stetho meaning chest and scope meaning examination. the instrument is acoustic and is used to hear the internal sounds in the body. doctors have been using it for many years to listen to the sound of blood flowing in the arteries and veins, the sound of the intestines, the heart, lungs and other internal organs and process that go on in the body. sometimes doctors use stethoscopes with sphygmomanometer or the blood pressure machine to measure ones blood pressure. the machine has a pump and a mercury manometer or pressure meter which it uses to measure ones blood pressure in terms of mercury millimeters. the thermometer is another common medical instrument that one finds at the doctor. today, with coughs, colds and fevers becoming a daily affair this instrument is not only restricted to a doctor ’ s dispensary or a hospital but is even seen in many homes. this instrument like the stethoscope has greek origins and gets its name from thermos that means hot and metros that means to measure. the thermometer has mercury in its bulb and shows readings as per the hot


in many homes. this instrument like the stethoscope has greek origins and gets its name from thermos that means hot and metros that means to measure. the thermometer has mercury in its bulb and shows readings as per the hotness of one ’ s body. a temperature reading of 100 and above on the thermometer indicates that one has developed a fever. the weighing scale is yet another medical equipment that is used by doctors. with health becoming a very important facet in the world today and people keeping a check on their weight often, many homes have weighing scales. based on the simple principle of the spring balance the weighing scale is used by doctors to check patients bmi or body mass index. this is very important for a patient to be healthy, since today a number of diseases are lifestyle based. these five are basic medical equipment that one sees on a visit to the doctor, our doctor may use one more than the other but on a routine checkup these are basic equipment that doctors from physicians to specialists to surgeons all use to detect diseases and treat patients. jerry kurtz, an enthusiast blogger and a specialist in medical silicone design and molding provides news and discussion on medical silicone design, prototyping, manufacturing, and quality control through his site silicone pro.


the mediterranean - style diet has fewer meats and carbohydrates and more plant - based foods and monounsaturated ( good ) fat than a typical american diet. many people who live in italy, spain, and other countries in the mediterranean region have eaten this way for centuries. following the mediterranean diet may lead to more stable blood sugars, lower cholesterol and triglycerides, and a lower risk of heart disease and other health problems. how to follow the diet the mediterranean diet is based on : plant - based meals, with just small amounts of meat and chicken, when they are used more servings of grains, fresh fruits and vegetables, nuts, and legumes foods that naturally contain high amounts of fiber plenty of fish and other seafood rather than red meat olive oil, a healthy, monounsaturated fat, as the main source of fat used to flavor and prepare foods food that is prepared and seasoned simply, without sauces and gravies foods not in the diet foods that are eaten in small amounts or not at all in the mediterranean diet include : sweets and other desserts possible health concerns possible health concerns with the mediterranean include : weight gain, from the fats in olive oil and nuts reduced iron levels. if you choose to follow the mediterranean diet, be sure to eat some foods rich in iron or in vitamin c, which helps your body absorb iron. calcium loss from eating fewer dairy products. ask your doctor if you should take a calcium supplement. it is common to drink wine with meals, though it is not an essential part of the mediterranean diet. avoid wine if you are prone to alcohol abuse, pregnant, at risk for breast cancer, or have other conditions that alcohol could make worse. david c. dugdale, iii, md, professor of medicine, division of general medicine, department of medicine, university of washington school of medicine. also reviewed by david zieve, md, mha, medical director, a. d. a. m. health solutions, ebix, inc.


fall is rapidly approaching and will be official on the 22nd of september. the leaves are already changing in the high country and the typically dry and mild fall weather creates a great opportunity to get outside and enjoy some of the beauty colorado has to offer. my favorite place to go in the state in near the twin lakes area just south of leadville and of course the san juan mountains in sw colorado and areas in and surrounding estes park. typically the second or third week of september is prime for maximum color in the mountainous regions of the state. the great colors do not last long as wind and rain / snow will strip the trees of their leaves. the nws in grand junction has a news of the day subject covering why leaves change their color in the fall. lets leave it to the nws to best describe how leaves change their color : in the autumn, the decrease in the intensity and duration of sunlight, as well as cooler temperatures, causes the leaves to stop their food - making process ( photosynthesis ). the chlorophyll in the leaves breaks down, causing the green color to disappear, and the yellowish pigments, known as carotenoids, become visible. the autumn foliage of some trees, including aspen, birch and ash, are mostly yellowish colors. also, the reddish pigments, the anthocyanins, become more visible in the leaf veins and cells in some leaves, such as maples. the whole web page with additional information can be found by clicking here. if you have fall foliage pictures you would like to share with others please send them to us so we can add them to our gallery or even post on our website. thanks!


7. a point is on the perpendicular bisector of a line segment if and only if it lies the same distance from the two endpoints. there are two things that need to be proved here. the first is that if a point is on the perpendicular bisector of a line segment, then it is equidistant from the two endpoints of the segment. if we only use two column proofs, the student might get the idea that all proofs have to be two column proofs. this is not so. it is just that two column proofs work very well for congruent triangle proofs. in a congruent triangle proof, we first need to get the three parts of one triangle congruent to the corresponding three parts in the other triangle, note that we have congruent triangles, then conclude that the things we are trying to prove to be congruent will then be corresponding parts of the congruent triangles. that is a minimum of five steps, each step having a reason, which is a previously established statement. the two column format helps the student to keep all of these ideas straight and organized. however, the fact of the matter is, that when we get away from congruent triangle proofs, the two column format does not always work as well. this result is an example. while it is possible to devise a two column proof, a prose proof using the isosceles triangle theorems might prove to be simpler. if the point is on the perpendicular bisector of the line segment between the two points, then in the triangle formed by the base being the line segment, and the point being the vertex, the line from the vertex of the triangle to the midpoint of the base is perpendicular to the base, so the triangle is isosceles, and the point is equidistant from the endpoints of the line segment. for the converse - if the point is equidistant from the endpoints of the line segment, then we again have an isosceles triangle, and the line from the vertex to the midpoint of the base will be perpendicular to the base, and thus be the perpendicular bisector of the base.


introduction to integrals the definite integral the definite integral is a convenient notation used the represent the left - hand and right - hand approximations discussed in the previous section. f ( x ) dx means the area of the region bounded by f, the y - axis and the lines x = a and x = b. writing f ( x ) dx is equivalent to writing on the interval [ a, b ], but it is a much more compact way of doing so. note also the similarity between the two expressions. this should serve as a clear reminder that the definite integral is just the limit of right - hand and left - hand approximations. unlike the indefinite integral, which represents a function, the definite integral represents a number, and is simply the signed area under the curve of f. the area is considered " signed " because according to the method of calculating the areas by subdivisions, the regions located below the x - axis will be counted as negative, and the regions above will be counted as positive. negative regions cancel out positive regions, and the definite integral represents the total balance between the two over the given interval. for example, find based on the picture of the region being considered, it should be clear that the answer is zero. here, the negative region is exactly the same size as the positive region : properties of the definite integral the definite integral has certain properties that should be intuitive, given its definition as the signed area under the curve : - cf ( x ) dx = c f ( x ) dx - f ( x ) + g ( x ) dx = f ( x ) dx + g ( x ) dx is on the interval f ( x ) dx = f ( x ) dx + f ( x ) dx this means that we can break up a graph into convenient units and find the definite integral of each section and then add the results to find the total signed area for the whole region. the fundamental theorem of calculusthe fundamental theorem of calculus, or " ftc ", offers a quick and powerful method of evaluating definite integrals. it states : if f is an antiderivative of f, then f ( x ) dx = f ( b ) - f ( a ) x 2 dx = ( 1 ) 3 - ( 0 ) 3 = often, a shorthand is used that means the same as what is written above : x 2 dx = x 3 = one interpretation of the ftc is that the area under the graph of the derivative is equal to


emmeline pethick, the daughter of henry pethick, a businessman in bristol, was born in clifton on 21st october 1867. she later recalled : " my mother bore thirteen children, of whom five died in infancy. my youngest brother was born seventeen years after me. those were the days of large families. i never heard my mother make any complaint about this excessive childbearing. she accepted it with complete surrender and even with satisfaction. " henry pethick was a devout methodist. " as children we were all taken to church as soon as we could walk and we had to sit very still indeed, because if not, we would be slapped afterwards. when we were older we had to remember and repeat the text at dinner - time, and if we failed to do this we were set to learn pieces of scripture by heart. " emmeline was sent away to boarding school in devizes at the age of eight. a rebellious child, she was constantly in trouble with her teachers. after being transferred to a quaker school she was accused of being " a corrupting influence on other children ". her biographer, brian harrison has argued : " her lifelong instinctive sympathy with children was striking... she portrayed herself later as a truthful and rational child, but to adults she must have seemed wilful and stubborn. " in 1891 emmeline became a voluntary social worker at the west london methodist mission. emmeline helped organise a club for young working - class girls. emmeline was shocked by the poverty she encountered and it was during this time she was converted to socialism. emmeline believed it was important to give these girls a practical example of socialism in action. in 1895 emmeline joined with mary neal to form the esperance club that was influenced by the ideas of william morris, edward carpenter, and walt whitman. this involved helping a group of young women establish a co - operative dressmaking business. in 1899 emmeline met the wealthy lawyer, frederick lawrence. the couple fell in love but emmeline refused to marry frederick because he did not share her socialist beliefs. in 1900 she developed a hostel at littlehampton for working girls ' holidays. it was not until 1901, when frederick had been converted to socialism, that emmeline agreed to marry him. frederick agreed to adopt pethick - lawrence as their joint name. brian harrison has pointed out : " it was the start of an unusual lifelong partnership in which each annexed the surname of the other, while each retained separate bank accounts and


marry him. frederick agreed to adopt pethick - lawrence as their joint name. brian harrison has pointed out : " it was the start of an unusual lifelong partnership in which each annexed the surname of the other, while each retained separate bank accounts and considerable autonomy within a marriage whose harmony was much advertised and celebrated. " soon after her marriage emmeline thought she was pregnant. frederick wrote that the birth " will make us both extra happy ". he added : " isn ' t it splendid dear. my heart just singing and singing and won ' t keep quiet. " however, emmeline suffered a miscarriage and received news that she could not have children. frederick wrote to her : " i am to you a splendid husband and you to me a splendid wife and it is enough! " in 1901 frederick pethick - lawrence became the owner of the echo, a left - wing evening newspaper. he recruited friends from the socialist movement such as ramsay macdonald and h. n. brailsford to write for the newspaper. frederick also published and edited the monthly, labour record and review ( 1905 - 07 ). emmeline later argued : " his outstanding qualities of intellect, balanced judgment and practical administration in business and finance became the rock upon which i have built, since then, the structure of my life. " for the next four years emmeline spent her time helping the independent labour party and developing her ideas with the esperance club. however, when emmeline read about the arrest and imprisonment of christabel pankhurst and annie kenney in october 1905, she decided to take an interest in the suffrage movement. the following year she met kenney and after a long discussion with her she decided to join the women ' s social and political union ( wspu ). a few months after joining the wspu emmeline was arrested while trying to make a speech in the lobby of the house of commons. emmeline was sent to prison, the first of six terms of imprisonment that she served for her political activities. she later recalled in her autobiography, my part in a changing world ( 1938 ) : " when the morning newspaper brought the unexpected news of my first arrest in the suffrage movement, my father reacted to it in precisely the same way as i should have reacted had our positions been reversed. he was proud that a child of his hand not hesitated to make a stand for the extension of democratic liberty. " frederick pethick - lawrence also became involved in the struggle for the franchise. in 1907


should have reacted had our positions been reversed. he was proud that a child of his hand not hesitated to make a stand for the extension of democratic liberty. " frederick pethick - lawrence also became involved in the struggle for the franchise. in 1907 frederick and emmeline started the journal votes for women. the pethick - lawrence ' s large home in london also became the office of the wspu. it was also used as a kind of hospital where women made ill by their prison experiences could recover their strength before embarking on further militant acts. the couple also contributed more than £6000 to the funds of wspu. in 1912 the wspu organised a new campaign that involved the large - scale smashing of shop - windows. emmeline pethick - lawrence had disagreed with this strategy but christabel pankhurst ignored her objections. as soon as this wholesale smashing of shop windows began, the government ordered the arrest of the leaders of the wspu. christabel escaped to france but frederick and emmeline pethick - lawrence were arrested, tried and sentenced to nine months imprisonment. they were also successfully sued for the cost of the damage caused by the wspu. both emmeline and frederick pethick - lawrence went on hunger strike and had to face the full rigours of forcible feeding twice a day for several days. he later recalled the experience in his memoirs, fate has been kind ( 1943 ) : " the head doctor, a most sensitive man, was visibly distressed by what he had to do. it certainly was an unpleasant and painful process and a sufficient number of warders had to be called in to prevent my moving while a rubber tube was pushed up my nostril and down into my throat and liquid was poured through it into my stomach. twice a day thereafter one of the doctors fed me in this way. i was not allowed to leave my cell in the hospital and for the most part i had to stay in bed. there was nothing to do but to read ; and the days were very long and went very slowly. " christabel pankhurst later recorded : " mother and mr. and mrs. pethick lawrence went on hunger - strike. the government retaliated by forcible feeding. this was actually carried out in the case of mr. and mrs. pethick - lawrence. the doctors and wardresses came to mother ' s cell armed with forcible - feeding apparatus. forewarned by the cries of


). other members included teresa billington - greig, elizabeth how - martyn, dora marsden, helena normanton, margaret nevinson and charlotte despard. during the first world war emmeline was a prominent member of the women ' s international league for peace. after the passing of the qualification of women act in 1918 emmeline pethick - lawrence stood as labour candidate for rusholme. as brian harrison pointed out : " she championing nationalization, a capital levy, equal pay, and an equal moral standard, but she came bottom of the poll with only a sixth of the votes cast. " in the 1920s and 1930s emmeline worked for the women ' s international league, an organisation committed to world peace. emmeline also became involved in the campaign led by marie stopes to provide birth - control information to working class women. from 1926 to 1935 was president of the women ' s freedom league. emmeline pethick - lawrence published her autobiography, my part in a changing world, in 1938. the book is dedicated to her husband, " my unchanging comrade and my best friend ". one critic argued : " though impressively fair - minded and at times perceptive, her account of the suffragettes is essentially an uncritical and largely impersonal chronology. nowhere did she convincingly justify the contradiction between her humanitarian and democratic instincts on the one hand, and her promotion of violent tactics and authoritarian suffrage structures on the other. " emmeline pethick - lawrence remained active in politics until 1950 when she had a serious accident that left her immobilized. frederick pethick - lawrence looked after emmeline until she died of a heart attack at her home at gomshall, surrey, on 11th march 1954. he wrote to a friend : " i feel a bit dazed. it is as though i was at a violin concerto with the violinist absent. " my mother bore thirteen children, of whom five died in infancy. my youngest brother was born seventeen years after me. those were the days of large families. i never heard my mother make any complaint about this excessive childbearing. she accepted it with complete surrender and even with satisfaction. as children we were all taken to church as soon as we could walk and we had to sit very still indeed, because if not, we would be slapped afterwards. when we were older we had to remember and repeat the text at dinner - time, and if we failed to do this we were set to


we could walk and we had to sit very still indeed, because if not, we would be slapped afterwards. when we were older we had to remember and repeat the text at dinner - time, and if we failed to do this we were set to learn pieces of scripture by heart my father is still part of me still. he imparted to me so much of his own nature that as long as his blood is still flowing in my veins, i feel he is still alive. he was a born rebel the closest bond between my father and me was his passionate love of justice, which i inherited from him. so long as there existed within the realm of his personal knowledge any wronged individual my father could not rest inactive. my mother thought he went too far ; and perhaps he did he was often in the bad books of people in authority who believed in the status quo, and wanted peace at any price. when the morning newspaper brought the unexpected news of my first arrest in the suffrage movement, my father reacted to it in precisely the same way as i should have reacted had our positions been reversed. he was proud that a child of his hand not hesitated to make a stand for the extension of democratic liberty. later that morning he was met by one of his colleagues on the bench with expressions of sympathy. " sympathy, my dear fellow, " he replied, " i don ' t need sympathy. give me your congratulations! i ' m the proudest man in england! ' the idea of the higher education had not, when i was young, reached as far as our small seaside town. i never knew of any girl in weston - super - mare who aspired to go to college or university it was my mother ' s wish that i should be sent, when fifteen years of age, for a year or two to what in those days was called a " finishing school ". she thought that my manners and my deportment needed polishing up, as no doubt they did. drunkenness was extremely common it seemed for many the only refuge from depression and misery. the effect of drunkenness upon the ordinary relationship of husband and wife, parents and children, was disastrous. there was a woman whose husband used to knock her about badly when in drink. but he went to the mission hall in the district, was converted and signed the pledge. all went well for some time until she again turned up with several bruises. " oh, mrs. smith, has your husband taken to drink again? " she replied : " oh, no, that was


district, was converted and signed the pledge. all went well for some time until she again turned up with several bruises. " oh, mrs. smith, has your husband taken to drink again? " she replied : " oh, no, that was another lady what done that! since my husband went to the misson hall, he ain ' t like a husband at all - he is more like a friend! " there was a particular point of view with regard to wife - beating. a friend of mine was once walking along the street and she passed a woman with a black eye. at the same time two other women passed, and one of them remarked : " well, all i can say is, she is a lucky woman to have a husband to take that trouble with her. " another woman who had gone through a similar experience remarked : " well, it ain ' t pleasant to be knocked about, but the making - up is lovely. " that autumn ( 1906 ) saw, the beginning of the monday afternoon ' at homes ', which went on continuously year in year out during the militant campaign. they were intended principally for women, but men were not excluded. strategy was explained, militant demonstrations were announced, a collection was taken and members were enrolled. i generally came and sold literature - books, pamphlets and, later, the votes for women newspaper. when the attendance grew too big to be accounted in the office in clement ' s inn the venue was changed to the portman rooms in baker street, and later to the queen ' s hall. at the end of october 1906 events occured which brought me into far closer association with the movement. my wife was arrested. she had gone, with other members of the women ' s social and political union to the house of commons on the day that parliament opened ; and in accordance with a preconcerted plan she had jumped up on to one of the seats in the central lobby and started to address the m. p. s and others who were present. pulled down and bundled out into the street, along with a number of other women who had made a similar protest, she had tried to re - enter the house and had been taken into custody. i went with her to the court next morning, and she surrendered to her bail, together with nine other women, including mrs. cobden sanderson, daughter of richard cobden. the magistrate bound them all over to enter into their own recognizances to keep the peace for six months. this they unanimously refused


together with nine other women, including mrs. cobden sanderson, daughter of richard cobden. the magistrate bound them all over to enter into their own recognizances to keep the peace for six months. this they unanimously refused to do. in default, they were committed to prison for two months. they were accordingly packed off the holloway. i determined at once that during my wife ' s absence her side of the work should not suffer. i agreed to look after the finances, and at a public meeting that very afternoon i made an appeal for funds. by way of setting the ball rolling i promised to contribute £10 for every day of her imprisonment. may i respectfully ask if it is not possible to break up the suffragette movement by taking action against mr and mrs pethick lawrence for conspiring and inciting to serious breaches of the peace. it can very easily be proved that mr pethick lawrence went to east ham on one occasion and hired a number of women at two shillings per day plus their expenses. these women were drilled into their work by mr lawrence and his assistants and took part in very disorderly scenes... these women ( and many of the women agitators who are paid £2 - £5 per week ) know nothing of politics or votes for women questions and are paid for creating disturbance at command of the leaders. police had been drafted in from the east end of london. they knew nothing about the suffrage agitation and were accustomed to dealing with drunks and roughs. also large and well - nourished bullies had been imported into the district. they may have been police in plain clothes. an order had evidently been given that the police were not to arrest ; the alternative was a six - hours ' battle between unarmed women who attempted to stand their ground, and police who fought with methods of torture. women were lifted and thrown to the ground and kicked - they were deliberately beaten on the breasts and were subjected to such terrible violence that a short time afterwards two of them, mrs. mary clarke and miss henria williams, died suddenly from heart attacks. fifty women were laid up with the injuries they had received dr. jessie murray collected evidence regarding the methods of violence used this evidence was classified under : ( 1 ) unnecessary violence. ( 2 ) methods of torture, i. e. bending thumbs backwards, twisting arms, pinching, gripping the throat and forcing back the head with violence, forcing fingers up nostrils, and so on. ( 3 ) acts of indecency. it


2 ) methods of torture, i. e. bending thumbs backwards, twisting arms, pinching, gripping the throat and forcing back the head with violence, forcing fingers up nostrils, and so on. ( 3 ) acts of indecency. it was mainly from young men, and often entirely from students, that opposition came we had one meeting in the town hall in birmingham. university students came en masse in order to prevent the audience from hearing the speakers. they kept up a stampede for over an hour, stamping, yelling and singing. christabel stood on the platform apparently amused at their antics, and every now and then addressed the youths as if they were children, while she turned her main attention to the reporters, who thronged the press table, and was able to get her whole speech over to them. a box of mice was emptied on the table beside her. she took them gently into her hand and let them run up and down her bare arms and spoke to the thoughtless boys of the cruelty of frightening small and helpless creatures for the sake of fun. i went to the suffragette office to see mrs. lawrence and to congratulate her on the meeting of the day before, inquire the latest news, and finally say : " you know my reservations as to some of your methods, but my sympathies are much more with you than with any of your opponents i want to be of use if i can. is there anything i can possibly do to help you? " a good deal of talk ensued. she said, " yes, " i could help them. could i see to it that herbert gladstone was asked to treat the suffragettes as political offenders, which they are, and not as common criminals, which they are not? eighty - one women were still in prison, some for terms of six months mother and mr. and mrs. pethick lawrence went on hunger - strike. the government retaliated by forcible feeding. this was actually carried out in the case of mr. and mrs. pethick - lawrence. the doctors and wardresses came to mother ' s cell armed with forcible - feeding apparatus. forewarned by the cries of mrs. pethick - lawrence mother received them with all her majestic indignation. they fell back and left her. neither then nor at any time in her log and dreadful conflict with the government was she forcibly fed. on the return from canada of mr. and mrs. pethick - lawrence there was


majestic indignation. they fell back and left her. neither then nor at any time in her log and dreadful conflict with the government was she forcibly fed. on the return from canada of mr. and mrs. pethick - lawrence there was a consultation in france. the outcome of this and a further meeting was the serious announcement that they and we had parted company owing to a difference of opinion as to the policy of the wspu. this separation on a matter of policy was a cause of deep regret to all concerned. christabel pankhurst was in paris as soon as emmeline could travel she joined her in paris. they asked us ( emmeline and frederick pethick - lawrence ) to come to boulogne to confer with them. mrs. pankhurst met us with the announcement that she and christabel had determined upon a new kind of campaign. henceforward she said there was to be a widespread attack upon public and private property this project came as a shock to us both. we considered it sheer madness to throw away the immense publicity and propaganda value of our present policy they were wrong in supposing that a more revolutionary form of militancy, which attacks directed more and more on the property of individuals, would strengthen the movement and bring it to more speedy victory. emmeline pankhurst agreed with christabel excitement, drama and danger were the conditions in which her temperament found full scope. she had the qualities of a leader on the battlefield the idea of a ' civil war ' which mrs. pankhurst outlined in boulogne and declared a few months later was repellent to me. when we arrived back in london we were met by a friend. instead of the smiles that we expected, sadness was written upon her face " is anything the matter? what is it? " i demanded. " they are going to turn you out of the women ' s social and political union. " my husband and i were not prepared to accept this decision as final. we felt that christabel, who had lived for so many years with us in closest intimacy, could not be party to it. but when we met again to go further into the question christabel made it quite clear that she had no further use for us. mrs. pankhurst and miss christabel pankhurst outlined a new militant policy which mr. and mrs. pethick - lawrence found themselves altogether unable to approve. mrs. pankhurst and miss christabel recommended


for us. mrs. pankhurst and miss christabel pankhurst outlined a new militant policy which mr. and mrs. pethick - lawrence found themselves altogether unable to approve. mrs. pankhurst and miss christabel recommended that mr. and mrs. pethick - lawrence should leave the women ' s social and political union. even the split with the wspu did not end of this agony - the pethick - lawrences were still facing bankruptcy proceedings. an auction of their belongings was held at the mascot, but raised only £300 towards their £1, 100 court costs even though many friends arrived to buy personal possessions and give them back to the couple. even the auctioneer returned to them a trinket he had bought as a keepsake. the rest of the costs were later taken from fred ' s estate, plus a further £5, 000 for repairs to shop windows damaged in the raids. fortunately he had deep pockets and did not have to sell his home. mrs. pankhurst invited us to her room. she then told us that she had decided to sever our connection with the wspu. we saw, then, that the breach between ourselves and the pankhursts was complete and irrevocable. there was, further, no appeal against our exclusion from the wspu. mrs. pankhurst was the acknowledged autocrat of the union. we had ourselves supported her in acquiring this position several years previously ; we could not dispute it now.


importance of the resource database sql server 2005 introduced a new read - only, hidden system database named resource ( rdb ). the resource database contains copies of all system objects that are shipped with sql server 2005 and sql server 2008. resource database overview the resource database is a read only, hidden system database that contains all the sql server system objects such as sys. objects which are physically available only in the resource database, even though they logically appear in the sys schema of every database. the resource database does not contain any user data or any user metadata. by design, the resource database is not visible under sql server management studio ’ s object explorer | databases | system databases node. the physical file names of the resource database is mssqlsystemresource. mdf and mssqlsystemresource. ldf. the important thing to be noted is that each instance of sql server has one and only one associated mssqlsystemresource. mdf & mssqlsystemresource. ldf file and that instances do not share this file. in a clustered environment, the resource database exists in the data folder on a shared disk drive. the id for the resource database will be always 32767. the dba shouldn ’ t rename or move the resource database file. if the files are renamed or moved from their respective locations then sql server will not start. the other important thing to be considered is not to put the resource database files in a compressed or encrypted ntfs file system folders as it will hinder the performance and will also possibly prevent upgrades. resource database file location in sql server 2005 in sql server 2005 the resource database related mdf and ldf files will be available in < drive > : program filesmicrosoft sql servermssql. 1mssqldata directory. the important thing to be noted is that the resource database related mdf & ldf file need to be available in the same directory where the master databases mdf & ldf files are located. by default during the installation of sql server 2005 both the resource and the master database files will be available in the same data directory. resource database file location in sql server 2008 in sql server 2008 the resource database related mdf and ldf files will be available in < drive > : program filesmicrosoft sql servermssql10. < instance _ name > mssqlbinn. the important thing to be noted is


2008 the resource database related mdf and ldf files will be available in < drive > : program filesmicrosoft sql servermssql10. < instance _ name > mssqlbinn. the important thing to be noted is that the resource database related mdf & ldf file are in the binn directory and the master databases mdf & ldf files will be located in the < drive > : program filesmicrosoft sql servermssql10. < instance _ name > mssqldata directory. in sql server 2008 it is not mandatory to keep both the resource and master database files in the same directory. advantages of resource database in previous versions of sql server whenever service packs are applied all the system objects that are residing within the system and user databases gets updated which makes it very difficult to rollback the changes. - the only way to rollback the changes is to uninstall the instance of sql server and reinstall sql server followed by applying any service packs or hotfixes to revert it to the previous version of the sql server instance - in sql server 2005 onwards the changes will be made to the resource database, which will indeed reflect the changes in all the system and user database of the particular instance - if the dba needs to apply a service pack to multiple instances, then the mssqlsystemresource. mdf and mssqlsystemresource. ldf needs to be copied by the dba to the target instance - if the dba needs to rollback the changes performed by the service packs then they need to replace the resource database related mdf and ldf files with that of the previous backed up version tsql query to determine the version of resource database tsql query to determine when the resource database was last backed up pages : 1 2


ever wonder how you would – or should – respond to someone suffering cardiac arrest? well, now you can go online and participate in the “ save - a - life simulator, ” an interactive tool to “ promote proper and timely bystander response to sudden cardiac arrest ( sca ). ” according to the medtronic foundation, point - of - view videos put the viewer in the shoes of an everyday mallgoer who witnesses a person suffering sudden cardiac arrest. the simulator allows viewers to decide the fate of the victim by making critical choices – beginning with deciding on whether to help the victim. the basic response medtronic ’ s heartrescue project is hoping for : call 911, start chest compressions immediately and use an aed if available. according to the american heart association, sudden cardiac arrest strikes nearly 400, 000 americans each year. research shows that communities with higher bystander cpr participation show higher survival rates for sudden cardiac arrest. however, overall survival rates in the united states have not improved in more than 30 years – hovering around 8 percent. " when it comes to responding to sca, the worst thing you can do is nothing, " says dr. michael sayre, an associate professor and emergency physician with the ohio state university and medical director of the heartrescue project. " this experience was designed to provide a new way of engaging people, encouraging them to learn about sca and how to respond by immersing them in a virtual, yet life - like experience. " to test your response skills and learn what you can do to save a life, go to heartrescuenow. com. you can also find the heartrescue project on twitter and youtube.


documented proof of darwin ' s natural selection westminster abbey is a gothic and cavernous place of cloisters, chambers, nooks, and crannies that has served as britain ' s royal crowning place and national ossuary since the time of william the conqueror, a thousand years ago. adjacent to the house of commons in london, the abbey, now a unesco world heritage site, is filled with statues of generals, monuments to statesmen, poets, and martyrs, and the chest tombs of dead kings and queens. there is also a humble white marble slab, on the floor of the north side of the nave, near the quire. it ' s easy to miss because it ' s in a kind of corner, where it ' s dark, and it ' s also almost in the shadow of a garishly splendid monument to sir isaac newton, which tends to hold the visitor ' s attention. but if you look for it, you ' ll find it easily enough. charles robert darwin. born 12 february 1809. died 19 april 1882. no stirring elegy. no moving psalm. i ' d gone to see that marble slab recently, partly because i just never had, and partly because it had been occurring to me for some while that of all the great thinkers among the enlightenment ' s first - born, from john stuart mill to karl marx, there was no one whose star still shines as bright in the firmament as darwin ' s. of them all, darwin remains indispensable. but not, oddly enough, for his work as a scientist. darwin was a great scientist, of course. he made important contributions to natural history, and even geology, but his most important contribution was not, strictly speaking, a scientific achievement. it was a way of explaining the " mystery of mysteries ", the origin and diversity of the world ' s living things. but darwin ' s on the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life presents not a single case of evolution by natural selection. instead, it was, in darwin ' s words, " one long argument ". it was a theory with no hard science, no firsthand observation, to back it up. it was a work of exposition and logic. what darwin had going for him, though, was a fine command of plain language and a body of evidence developed over more than two decades of investigation, observation, and reflection. darwin ' s quarry was the deeply entrenched conviction that each


logic. what darwin had going for him, though, was a fine command of plain language and a body of evidence developed over more than two decades of investigation, observation, and reflection. darwin ' s quarry was the deeply entrenched conviction that each of the earth ' s myriad life forms was created by divine intervention only a few thousand years ago. darwin argued that the living things of the world had evolved from, at most, a handful of ancestors of almost unimaginable antiquity. darwin wasn ' t alone in this heresy, but what distinguished his argument was the contention that evolution occurred by a process of minute variation in type and form, caused by natural factors that constantly " selected " those heritable traits in animals and plants that favour advantage and survival. evolution occurred at a glacial pace but it occurred nonetheless, and it was still going on, " daily and hourly ", in life all around us, darwin insisted. that was his resolution of the great mystery. god, maybe, but not necessarily. and, ultimately, it meant there was no reason to imagine that humanity was at the centre of any divine plan after all. for the time, this was a very dangerous idea. darwin had gathered all manner of evidence from fossils, from pigeon breeders, and from his discoveries during his five - year tour as the naturalist aboard the survey ship hms beagle. but because evolution occurred so slowly, his thinking went, it wasn ' t possible to demonstrate its workings in case studies. darwin had his defenders and champions, and he also had in his corner the naturalist alfred russel wallace, sometimes referred to as the " codiscoverer " of what came to be called darwin ' s theory. but wallace, too, despite years of fieldwork, relied on inference and logic to make his case, in the form of a table of " proved facts " and " necessary consequences ". although darwin could show that evolution by natural selection must be the answer, he couldn ' t present evidence for that answer in even a single case of evolution by natural selection, observed and documented in the " natural " world. no one, least of all darwin, had ever seen it actually happen. as a consequence, long after darwin ' s theory had come to form the theoretical basis for the biological sciences, there was still an embarrassing dearth of experimental research into evolution. it was still, outside of science, just an " opinion ". while darwin explained how the " natural " world worked in theory, no one, even into the 1970s, had been able


was still an embarrassing dearth of experimental research into evolution. it was still, outside of science, just an " opinion ". while darwin explained how the " natural " world worked in theory, no one, even into the 1970s, had been able to fully and methodically document and describe having actually seen it work that way in practice. this is where peter and rosemary grant come in. peter and rosemary, both from england, met at the university of british columbia in 1960. they soon married, and both went on to work as professors of evolutionary biology at princeton university. now both 71, the grants are among the most successful and important collaborations in the history of science. in 2005 they won the coveted balzan prize, which is equal in prestige to the nobel prize and brings almost three times the cash : the equivalent of about $ 3 million in swiss francs. the grants have produced a body of research that is so exhaustive, so exacting and thorough, that many ornithologists fear it will never be replicated. the object of the grants ' obsessions is galapagos finches. these are the birds so closely associated with darwin that they ' re commonly called darwin ' s finches. it was darwin ' s encounter with the archipelago ' s 13 finch species in 1835, during his five - week galapagos sojourn as the naturalist aboard the beagle, that caused his epiphany and produced evolution ' s great eureka moment. that ' s the legend, anyway. the truth is it was long after his return to england, and after the specimens he ' d collected had been properly classified by british taxonomists, that the significance of the birds, and of all those other peculiar endemic species he ' d found on the galapagos islands, began to dawn on darwin. it wasn ' t until peter and rosemary grant began making their annual pilgrimages to the galapagos island of daphne major, a forbidding place of black lava and hellish summers, that the finches began to fully reveal themselves to science. the grants began their fieldwork on daphne major in 1973. they ' ve put in 35 field seasons, and they ' re still at it. ( the grants will be presenting an overview of their most recent findings in a free lecture at the university of british columbia on november 20. ) the grants have documented the phenomenon that darwin could only surmise by deduction and conjecture. it turns out that the mechanism of evolution can be observed moving through nature, not just in a laboratory or in a


university of british columbia on november 20. ) the grants have documented the phenomenon that darwin could only surmise by deduction and conjecture. it turns out that the mechanism of evolution can be observed moving through nature, not just in a laboratory or in a human - altered environment, and it doesn ' t always move at a glacial pace. the grants have watched it happen, up close. biologists rosemary and peter grant have spent 35 field seasons observing how natural selection has resulted in the evolution of galapagos finches. specifically, what peter and rosemary have done is present the world with a rare and dramatic glimpse of variation caused by natural selection from one generation of animals to the next. and down through several generations of galapagos finches, from different species, they ' ve shown how heritable traits are " selected " so as to result in evolution. as evolution occurs, even when it occurs quickly, it ' s usually barely detectable. the tiniest change can mean survival or extinction. in the case of the galapagos finches, what matters is often barely measurable changes in the size and shape of the finches ' beaks. " that ' s the really difficult thing to do, " peter told me the other day. " you don ' t want to try it with earthworms. " it isn ' t that darwin ' s theory had not been shown to work in practice before the grants. it ' s just that no one had documented it in nature so completely and methodically. before the grants, the case of the english peppered moth was one of the best - known studies of natural selection driving evolution. but the story of the peppered moth unfolds in a completely human - altered environment. its observed evolution was in response to the rise and decline of the industrial revolution. prior to the advent of the " dark satanic mills " and the clouds of coal smoke and ash that settled over the english countryside, peppered moths were light - coloured, with specks and streaks of black, a colour scheme suited perfectly to camouflage because of the moths ' habit of alighting and resting on tree trunks, on similarly coloured lichens. in the poisoned air of the industrial revolution, the lichens diminished in abundance and trees were commonly blackened with soot. this trend favoured a black - coloured mutation in peppered moths and caused the light - coloured moths to nearly disappear. in recent years, however, with the decline of both factories and coal power, the light - coloured moths have become dominant


soot. this trend favoured a black - coloured mutation in peppered moths and caused the light - coloured moths to nearly disappear. in recent years, however, with the decline of both factories and coal power, the light - coloured moths have become dominant again. nowadays, evolution by natural selection is being observed in " the wild " among sticklebacks in british columbia coastal lakes, among fruit flies in south america, and also in laboratories, on an hourly basis, around the world. in his pulitzer prize – winning the beak of the finch : a story of evolution in our time, a 1994 book about the grants and the significance of their work, author jonathan weiner sets out the paradox of the persistent hostility to darwin ' s " theory ". evolution denial is a common habit of some of darwin ' s most privileged beneficiaries in the united states, almost always evangelical protestants, whose wealth often depends solely upon darwin being right. the paradox occurs in an especially bizarre way in the american south, in the " cotton belt ", where the health of the cotton crop and the wealth that derives from it depend completely upon the application of darwinian principles in the laboratory. it is only by the close observation of evolution by natural selection occurring in various cotton blights and pests that science has managed to devise at least temporarily effective pesticides and herbicides. the paradox deepens in the recurring failure of those blight and pest remedies. there are now moths in louisiana that can ruin cotton crops, and they ' re now 200 times more resistant to pesticides than they were before they first encountered them. reject darwin and you ' ll never understand why that happens. you ' ll continue to employ pesticides, and you ' ll find yourself in a losing battle, precisely because evolution happens. it happens by natural selection. resistant strains emerge by natural selection for certain heritable traits. life is not static. species are not fixed and unchanging. they evolve, and if darwin were wrong, the branches of science known as immunology, bacteriology, and virology would never produce any results. it would all be quack science. " there is no new theoretical structure that has come along since darwin, " grant told me. " his ideas have been extended through genetics and have been modified and elaborated upon, but his ideas and observations and explanations have withstood the test of time. " and so darwin prevails. evolution is driven by hybridization and by sex selection, but the main engine is natural selection


and have been modified and elaborated upon, but his ideas and observations and explanations have withstood the test of time. " and so darwin prevails. evolution is driven by hybridization and by sex selection, but the main engine is natural selection. it is how the earth ended up so rich in the diversity and abundance of life. it is evidence against the founding texts of all the world ' s great religions. it is evidence for life as a phenomenon that is constantly changing, constantly innovating, all on its own. it is a rational explanation, subject to testable hypotheses. it is free for the asking and available to everyone, regardless of culture or class. it can account for everything from the virulence of diseases to the complexity of the human eye to the origin of humankind itself. no stirring elegy. no moving psalm. darwin prevails, more than anyone else. charles robert darwin. born 12 february 1809. died 19 april 1882. ubc ' s beaty biodiversity museum will host peter and rosemary grant, who will present their lecture evolution of darwin ' s finches at 7 : 30 p. m. on tuesday ( november 20 ) in room 100 of the wesbrook building ( 6174 university boulevard ). admission is free.


from the time of aristotle ( 384 - 322 bc ) until the late 1500 ’ s, gravity was believed to act differently on different objects. - drop a metal bar and a feather at the same time … which one hits the ground first? - obviously, common sense will tell you that the bar will hit first, while the feather slowly flutters to the ground. - in aristotle ’ s view, this was because the bar was being pulled harder ( and faster ) by gravity because of its physical properties. - because everyone sees this when they drop different objects, it wasn ’ t questioned for almost 2000 years. galileo galilei was the first major scientist to refute ( prove wrong ) aristotle ’ s theories. - in his famous ( at least to physicists! ) experiment, galileo went to the top of the leaning tower of pisa and dropped a wooden ball and a lead ball, both the same size, but different masses. - they both hit the ground at the same time, even though aristotle would say that the heavier metal ball should hit first. - galileo had shown that the different rates at which some objects fall is due to air resistance, a type of friction. - get rid of friction ( air resistance ) and all objects will fall at the same rate. - galileo said that the acceleration of any object ( in the absence of air resistance ) is the same. - to this day we follow the model that galileo created. ag = g = 9. 81m / s2 ag = g = acceleration due to gravity since gravity is just an acceleration like any other, it can be used in any of the formulas that we have used so far. - just be careful about using the correct sign ( positive or negative ) depending on the problem. examples of calculations with gravity example 1 : a ball is thrown up into the air at an initial velocity of 56. 3m / s. determine its velocity after 4. 52s have passed. in the question the velocity upwards is positive, and i ’ ll keep it that way. that just means that i have to make sure that i use gravity as a negative number, since gravity always acts down. vf = vi + at = 56. 3m / s + ( - 9. 81m / s2 ) ( 4. 52s ) vf = 12. 0 m / s this value is still positive, but smaller. the ball is slowing down as it rises into the air. example 2 : i throw a ball down off the top of a cliff so that it leaves


) determine how much time does it take to reach its maximum height. - it reaches its maximum height when its velocity is zero. we ’ ll use that as the final velocity. - also, if we define up as positive, we need to remember to define down ( like gravity ) as negative. a = ( vf - vi ) / t t = ( vf - vi ) / a = ( 0 - 56. 3m / s ) / - 9. 81m / s2 t = 5. 74s b ) determine how high it goes. - it ’ s best to try to avoid using the number you calculated in part ( a ), since if you made a mistake, this answer will be wrong also. - if you can ’ t avoid it, then go ahead and use it. vf2 = vi2 + 2ad d = ( vf2 = vi2 ) / 2a = ( 0 - 56. 32 ) / 2 ( - 9. 81m / s2 ) d = 1. 62e2 m c ) determine how fast is it going when it reaches my hand again. - ignoring air resistance, it will be going as fast coming down as it was going up. you might have heard people in movies say how many " gee ’ s " they were feeling. - all this means is that they are comparing the acceleration they are feeling to regular gravity. - so, right now, you are experiencing 1g … regular gravity. - during lift - off the astronauts in the space shuttle experience about 4g ’ s. - that works out to about 39m / s2. - gravity on the moon is about 1. 7m / s2 = 0. 17g


host ( in amharic ) : the queen of sheba was a legendary monarch of ancient ethiopia who is referred to in just four sources : the history of the ancient habeshan people of ethiopia ， the hebrew bible ( old testament of the christian bible ) ， the new testament of the christian bible ， and the holy qur ’ an. who is she ， the famous yet mysterious queen of sheba of ethiopia? today ’ s program will explore the story of an individual whose life is not known in full detail. what we do see clearly is that makeda ， as she is known in ethiopia ， was single - minded in her life. that is ， she was in single - minded pursuit of one goal : wisdom. the following words are attributed to the queen of sheba ， or makeda ， in the kebra nagast. the kebra nagast is a historical account of the ancient rulers of ethiopia and is also called “ the book of the glory of kings. ” makeda ， whose name means “ greatness ， ” is said to have explained to her subjects why she was departing the land in order to seek out the wise king solomon of jerusalem. she said ， “ i desire wisdom and my heart seeks to find understanding. i am smitten with the love of wisdom.... for wisdom is far better than treasure of gold and silver... it is a source of joy for the heart ， and a bright and shining light for the eyes ， and a giver of speed to the feet ， and a shield for the chest ， and a helmet for the head... it makes the ears to hear and hearts to understand. ” “... and as for a kingdom ， it cannot stand without wisdom ， and riches cannot be preserved without wisdom.... he who heapeth up gold and silver doeth so to no profit without wisdom ， but he who heapeth up wisdom – no man can steal it from his heart... i will follow the footprints of wisdom and she shall protect me forever. i will seek asylum with her ， and she shall be unto me power and strength. ” according to the kebra nagast ， the queen ’ s loyal subjects understood and valued her pursuit of the intangible and answered her in this way : “ o our lady ， as for wisdom ， it is not lacking in thee ， and it is because of thy wisdom that thou loved wisdom. and as for us ， if thou goest we will go with thee ， and if thou sittest down we will sit