? while the exact cause of bipolar disorder is not known, most scientists believe that bipolar disorder is likely caused by multiple factors that interact with each other to produce a chemical imbalance affecting certain parts of the brain. bipolar disorder often runs in families, and studies suggest a genetic component to the illness. a stressful environment or negative life events may interact with an underlying genetic or biological vulnerability to produce the disorder. there are other possible " triggers " of bipolar episodes : the treatment of depression with an antidepressant medication may trigger a switch into mania, sleep deprivation may trigger mania, or hypothyroidism may produce depression or mood instability. it is important to note that bipolar episodes can and often do occur without any obvious trigger. how is bipolar disorder treated? while there is no cure for bipolar disorder, it is a treatable and manageable illness. after an accurate diagnosis, most people can achieve an optimal level of wellness. medication is an essential element of successful treatment for people with bipolar disorder. in addition, psychosocial therapies including cognitive - behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy, family therapy, and psychoeducation are important to help people understand the illness and to internalize skills to cope with the stresses that can trigger episodes. changes in medications or doses may be necessary, as well as changes in treatment plans during different stages of the illness. it is useful to know whether the " mood stabilizing medication " prescribed has been approved by the fda for use in bipolar disorder : medications for mania : currently fda approved : lithium ( eskalith or lithobid ), divalproex sodium ( depakote ), carbamazepine ( tegretol ), olanzapine ( zyprexa ), risperidone ( risperdal ), quetiapine ( seroquel ), ziprasidone ( geodon ), aripiprazole ( abilify ) at least one adequate well controlled study with positive data : haloperidol ( haldol ) medications for bipolar depression : currently fda approved : combination of olanzapine and fluoxetine ( symbyax ) also at least one adequate well controlled study with positive data : quetiapine ( seroquel ) and lamotrigine ( lamictal ) medications for preventing ( or delaying ) recurrence : currently fda approved : lithium ( eskalith or lithobid ), lamotrigine ( lamictal ), olanzapine ( zyp


depakote. depakote may also produce sedation and gastrointestinal distress, but these side effects often resolve during the first six months of treatment, or with dose adjustment. another dose - related side effect is weight gain, and rare liver and pancreatic function problems may develop while taking depakote. however, depakote is generally well - tolerated, and is now prescribed far more often then lithium. recent controlled trials indicate that the combination of depakote and lithium is more effective in preventing relapse and recurrence than treatment with lithium alone. lamictal ( lamotrigine ), another anti - convulsant, is effective in the treatment of acute depression in bipolar i and ii and in promoting remissions between episodes. for most people, lamictal has a very tolerable side effect profile. rarely, this medication can cause a rash serious enough to cause a medical emergency. the risk of this one potentially serious side effect can be reduced by starting with a low dose and going slowly in increasing the dose. use of antidepressants standard antidepressant medications ( those approved for the treatment of unipolar depression ) have not yet been proven effective for bipolar depression. although the evidence supporting their use for bipolar depression is limited to small or less rigorous studies, these medications remain the most commonly used treatment for bipolar depression. the data from larger studies finds neither evidence of benefit nor evidence that these agents cause large numbers of depressed patients to switch into mania. use of antipsychotic medications as mood stabilizers to control acute episodes, antipsychotic medications may be used alone ( monotherapy ), or added to anti - convulsant medications ( combination therapy ). medication guidelines now recommend the combination of these two medications as most effective for acute manic episodes. because the older typical antipsychotic medications run the risk of causing permanent movement disorder, and have been associated with depression when used over the long term, the new atypical antipsychotics are now preferred for this purpose. all the new atypicals are effective in the treatment of acute and mixed mania. olanzapine ( zyprexa ) and risperidone ( risperdal ) are fda - approved for this purpose. finding the right preventive / maintenance medicine is an art informed by science and your own observations. not all medicines that work in the acute phase of mania are as strong in preventing the next episode, so this is an area


- approved for this purpose. finding the right preventive / maintenance medicine is an art informed by science and your own observations. not all medicines that work in the acute phase of mania are as strong in preventing the next episode, so this is an area to explore. side effects of the atypicals are different than with first - generation antipsychotics ( such as haldol ), although sedation, weight gain, and risk of diabetes are problems associated with many of the new antipsychotics. clozapine and olanzapine, both effective antipsychotics and mood stabilizers, offer the most risk in this area. weight gain is a serious clinical concern related to all atypical antipsychotics, and to anti - convulsants as well. not only can weight gain lead to adult onset also known as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, but being overweight is also now the leading cause of medication non - adherence. doctors advise weekly monitoring of weight in the early stages of taking these medications, along with regular exercise and healthy diets, and people must be willing to make lifestyle changes to maintain optimal health. the fda has noted an association between all atypical antipsychotics and the risk of diabetes. as the science develops in this area, it will continue to inform medicine choices for the person that best reflect their risks and benefits. reviewed by ken duckworth, md, october 2006 read about treatments and supports for mental illness


about nevada agricultural statistics nevada agricultural statistics located in reno, nevada is the nevada field office of usda ’ s national agricultural statistics service ( nass ). nass is the official statistical agency of the united states department of agriculture with the mission to serve the united states, its agriculture, and its rural communities by providing meaningful, accurate, and objective statistical information and services. nevada agricultural statistics operates with assistance and cooperation from the nevada department of agriculture and the college of agriculture, natural resources, and biotechnology of university about nevada agriculture agriculture often goes largely unnoticed behind the glare of casinos and tourist attractions in nevada, and most of it cannot be seen from the interstate highways. farming and ranching, however, provide a cornerstone to the economies of many of nevada ’ s rural communities and greatly enhance the aesthetics of life near the urban areas. farming is concentrated in valleys where water is available for irrigation, while vast rangelands and mountains provide grazing for livestock. range livestock production is predominate in nevada with well over half of the farms raising cattle or sheep. the highest concentrations of cattle are in the northern part of the state. cow - calf operations are most common type of operation and elko county ranks among the leading counties in the nation in number of beef cows. northern nevada is also home to the vast majority of the sheep. dairying is a growing industry in the state, as is the manufacture of dairy products. the dairies are concentrated in the vicinity of the large market centers of las vegas and reno. horses are big business in nevada, both for work and pleasure. swine production is limited and most producers market locally. other livestock enterprises, including goats, emu, and llama, are becoming more common. nevada ’ s high desert climate is very well suited to the production of high quality alfalfa hay and alfalfa hay accounts for over half of the total value of crops produced in the state. much of the alfalfa is marketed to dairies in california and a significant quantity is exported overseas. a variety of other high value crops are gaining in importance to nevada agriculture. potatoes, onions, garlic, grain, and seed crops contribute greatly to the total value of production. across nevada lie valleys rich in agricultural resources : most unseen from the interstate highways.


by patrick j. kiger the creators of jousting intended it as test of martial prowess and character, but math and physics also seem to play a significant role. in 2002, erik m. berg and roger l. lampe, who at the time were undergraduate science students at worcester polytechnic institute, wrote this paper in which they mathematically modeled the collision of two jousters and analyzed how the a number of different variables — ranging from the size of the knights and the muscular strength of their grip of their saddles, to the velocity their horses achieve — influence the outcome. berg and lampe found that one critical factor is the alignment of a knight ’ s lance, and the location and angle at which it strikes the opponent ’ s shield or armor. a straight - on blow that hits an opponent in the center of the torso is likely to bend his upper body directly backward. that sort of strike could shatter a lance, if the collective mass and velocity exceed the wooden shaft ’ s tolerance for bending. in order to unhorse an opponent and win more points, however, a knight probably needs for his lance to strike at to one side and at an angle in that direction. if delivered with sufficient force, that type of impact will cause the opponent to rotate to one side as well as backward, and create a greater strain upon his grip on his saddle and horse. the ideal target for a knight, they concluded, is the upper left part of the opponent ’ s armor, just far enough away from the pivot point of the opponent ’ s spine to achieve the maximum torque, but not so far toward the edge that the lance would strike a glancing blow off the armor and not achieve a solid hit. but another key factor in determining a victor is how strongly the knight holds on to his own horse while scoring a hit with his lance. if a knight doesn ’ t have a strong enough grip on his horse, when his lance strikes the opponent, he may end up being knocked out of the saddle himself. finally, assuming that both knights have a similar grip on their horses and both score hits, the critical factor seems to be who strikes first. if the black knight ’ s lance makes contact with the gray knight first, the gray knight will be twisted and pushed back when his lance hits the black knight. that will weaken the gray knight ’ s position atop his horse, and increase the chance that he will be the one who hits the ground. cookies are very small text files that are stored on your computer when you visit some websites. the


boy or girl? a simple blood test in mothers - to - be can answer that question with surprising accuracy at about seven weeks, a research analysis has found. though not widely offered by u. s. doctors, gender - detecting blood tests have been sold online to consumers for the past few years. their promises of early and accurate results prompted genetics researchers to take a closer look. they analyzed 57 published studies of gender testing done in rigorous research or academic settings — though not necessarily the same methods or conditions used by direct - to - consumer firms. the authors say the results suggest blood tests like those studied could be a breakthrough for women at risk of having babies with certain diseases, who could avoid invasive procedures if they learned their fetus was a gender not affected by those illnesses. but the study raises concerns about couples using such tests for gender selection and abortion. couples who buy tests from marketers should be questioned about how they plan to use the results, the study authors said. the analyzed test can detect fetal dna in mothers ' blood. it ' s about 95 percent accurate at identifying gender when women are at least seven weeks ' pregnant — more than one month before conventional methods. accuracy of the testing increases as pregnancy advances, the researchers concluded. conventional procedures, typically done for medical reasons, can detect gender starting at about 10 weeks. the new analysis, published in wednesday ' s journal of the american medical association, involved more than 6, 000 pregnancies. the testing used a lab procedure called pcr that detects genetic material — in this case, the male y chromosome. if present in the mother ' s blood, she ' s carrying a boy, but if absent, it ' s a girl. tests that companies sell directly to consumers were not examined in the analysis. sex - detection tests using mothers ' urine or blood before seven weeks of pregnancy were not accurate, the researchers said. senior author dr. diana bianchi, a reproductive geneticist and executive director of the mother infant research institute at tufts medical center in boston, called the results impressive. she noted that doctors in great britain are already using such testing for couples at risk of having children with hemophilia or other sex - linked diseases, partly to help guide treatment decisions. the research indicates that many laboratories have had success with the test, but the results can ' t be generalized to all labs because testing conditions can vary substantially, said dr. joe leigh simpson, a genetics professor at florida international university. he was not involved in the study. simpson noted that using gender - detection


test, but the results can ' t be generalized to all labs because testing conditions can vary substantially, said dr. joe leigh simpson, a genetics professor at florida international university. he was not involved in the study. simpson noted that using gender - detection blood testing for medical or other reasons has not been endorsed by guideline - setting medical groups and some experts consider it experimental. dr. lee shulman, chief of clinical genetics at northwestern memorial hospital in chicago, said the testing " isn ' t ready for prime time. " he said his hospital doesn ' t provide the blood tests, and doesn ' t offer more conventional techniques, including amniocentesis, to women who have no medical reason for wanting to know their baby ' s gender. " i would have a lot of difficulties offering such a test just for gender identification. gender is not an abnormality, " shulman said. " my concern is this is ultimately going to be available in malls or shopping centers, " similar to companies offering " cute " prenatal ultrasound images. recent research found that increasing numbers of women in india who already have daughters are having abortions when prenatal tests show another girl, suggesting that an indian ban on such gender testing has been ineffective. the expense of marrying off girls has contributed to a cultural preference there for boys. evidence also suggests that china ' s limits on one child per couple and traditional preference for male heirs has contributed to abortions and an increasingly large gender imbalance. there ' s very little data on reasons for u. s. abortions or whether gender preferences or gender - detection methods play a role, said susannah baruch, a policy consultant for the generations ahead, an advocacy group that studies genetic techniques and gender issues. consumer genetics inc. a santa clara, calif. - based company sells an " early gender " blood test called " pink or blue " online for $ 25 plus $ 265 or more for laboratory testing. it boasts of 95 percent accuracy, using a lab technique its scientists developed from the type of testing evaluated in the new analysis, said terry carmichael, the company ' s executive vice president. carmichael said the company sells more than 1, 000 kits a year. he said the company won ' t test blood samples unless women sign a consent form agreeing not to use the results for gender selection. the company also won ' t sell kits to customers in china or india because of fears of gender selection, he said. medical techniques that can detect gender include amniocentesis, usually done at around 16 weeks, using a


anybody who has ever opened a guidebook to birds or plants is familiar with the range maps showing where a particular species lives. precise ranges are well known for organisms that are well - studied, such as birds and trees in north america and europe.. in the tropics and for harder to observe organisms, in contrast, we don ' t always know exactly where the organisms live. we understand what limits species ranges and what defines range edges for only a small handful of organisms. we do know climate can play a large role in determining range limits, but other factors such as soils and competing organisms also play roles. due to the computer revolution in biology, it has now become commonplace to build correlational models that link the range of a species to commonly measured ( and easily available ) climate variables like mean annual temperature. these models are used extensively to provide predictions about where poorly known species live. they are also increasingly being used to make predictions about where species will live in the future under a rapidly changing climate. yet there is awareness that these models could be greatly improved if we did some hard thinking ( using our biological knowledge ) and some hard work ( using gis skills ) to develop a state - of - the - art set of environmental indices / metrics that affect organisms. this working group proposes to develop such a state - of - the - art compilation of environmental factors likely to have a strong impact on species ranges. the goal is to share this compilation with the research community at large, and to use the information to explore what factors are actually the most important and most predictive in determining where a species lives. we will integrate state - of - the - art data and tools including weather station data, satellite remote sensing data and marine buoys in order to create a set of freely available, consistently formatted and scaled environmental data " layers " easily usable in gis - based analyses. we will also develop a guide book for practitioners documenting best practices. in this way we hope to greatly improve our ability to know where poorly studied species live, and to predict where species will live in the future under climate change. more information about this research project, and participants.


research shows starter fertilizer phosphorus not needed for soils testing ' very high ' for phosphorus december 12, 2007 media contact : dr. deanna osmond, department of soil science, college of agriculture and life sciences, n. c. state university, firstname. lastname @ example. org or 919. 515. 7303 ( this story, with a photo, is also available at : stormwater runoff from agricultural lands that have been excessively fertilized with phosphorus ( p ) can pollute our drinking water. but research results by north carolina state university soil scientists show that by applying only nitrogen ( n ) in the fertilizer they add when they plant their crops, farmers not only can slowly decrease the amount of phosphorus that shows up in soil tests, but can also reduce their phosphorus fertilizer application costs. " overall, using only starter nitrogen fertilizer would produce yields similar to those achieved with nitrogen and phosphorus starter fertilizer in soils that test very high for phosphorus, " says dr. deanna osmond, professor and north carolina cooperative extension leader in n. c. state university ' s soil science department. osmond and research associate sheri cahill conducted the research. cooperative extension agents and dr. david hardy, state agriculture and consumer services department ( ncda & cs ) soil testing section chief, assisted them. " producers can reduce the cost of phosphorus fertilizer application and slowly decrease the amount of phosphorus in the soil as determined by the soil testing procedure by applying only nitrogen in their starter fertilizer. this will save money and help the environment at the same time, " says osmond, a watershed, soil fertility and nutrient management specialist. in 2003, more than 48 percent of soil samples submitted to ncda & cs ' s soil testing laboratory tested " very high " in soil p, she says. ( although 2003 data are the most recent available, soil test data tend to remain relatively stable over time. ) " as soil test phosphorus increases, off - site phosphorus loss increases through erosion, soluble phosphorus runoff or leaching, " osmond says. osmond and cahill studied north carolina coastal plain, piedmont and mountain sites that ncda & cs ' s 2007 records indicated contained very high soil test phosphorus. the researchers sought to determine if, when used on soils testing very high in p, starter - p fertilizer would affect the growth of corn ( zea mays l. ) at 38 study locations and cotton ( gossypium spp. ) at 13 study locations


if, when used on soils testing very high in p, starter - p fertilizer would affect the growth of corn ( zea mays l. ) at 38 study locations and cotton ( gossypium spp. ) at 13 study locations, 12 of those on the coastal plain. they treated the test plot soils with starter - n and - p fertilizers, using 32 pounds of n and 13. 4 pounds of p per acre ( n + p ) or by using 32 pounds of n fertilizer per acre alone, both applied to the top of the soil in a band near the seed. they exactingly repeated the treatments four times. on the day of planting, technicians or county extension agents took soil samples from each plot and sent them to ncda & cs ' s agronomic division soil testing laboratory for analysis. the researchers measured n and p concentration in early - season plant tissue, how many days it took the corn to display silk and for the cotton ' s earliest blooms to show, as well as yields for both crops during the growing season. while results showed that corn yield was greater in the mountains than the coastal plain or piedmont, and cotton yield was greater in the coastal plain than in the piedmont, there were no differences between the n only and n + p corn and cotton treatments within each region. moreover, the data indicated no yield differences resulted from the different treatments, osmond and cahill say. art latham, 919. 513. 3117 or email @ example. com posted by dave at december 12, 2007 02 : 38 pm


every coin has two sides uncovering the model minority myth what group comes to mind when you read the following : top of the class, high test scores, and hard working? if you guessed asian americans, you are seeing the power of the “ model minority ” stereotype. it is true that asian americans, examined statistically as a single group, have in many ways done extraordinarily well. among the major racial and ethnic minority groups in the u. s., asian americans have the highest rate of college degree attainment, the highest number of advanced degrees, and the highest percentage of workers in high - skill occupations. because of this success, some have held asian americans out as the defining example of what it means to achieve the american dream, declaring asian americans as the “ model minority. ” yet, if we take a closer look at the numbers, they reveal a more complex side to this remarkable story. without question, the model minority myth has camouflaged the unique history and socioeconomic characteristics of widely - differing asian american and pacific islander communities. in particular, it has hidden the widespread challenges facing southeast asian and pacific islanders in the public education system. this month we explore the dropout crisis through the eyes of three sisters who attend mckinley high school in hawaii, which has the highest percentage of asian pacific islanders in the country. nea members in hawaii point to cultural and language barriers in the classroom as well as prejudice and unrealistic expectations as contributors to the academic hurdles faced by asian pacific islander students and the high school ’ s 15 percent dropout rate. the myth that all asian americans are high - achievers can be detrimental because it fails to address those students who need help, support, and focused resources to succeed. team nea, to continue to allow these challenges to go unnoticed and unaddressed would be irresponsible and perilous to a community that is seeking our help. in response, we are urging a number of initiatives to improve api achievement. they include expanding the research on apis by disaggregating the data and experiences of each ethnicity. this will lead to the creation of support services and instruction where they are most needed. nea also supports federal policies to ensure schools have more capacity to serve english - language learners and to ensure that there is more outreach to api parents, including bilingual support. providing every child, regardless of race, income or ethnicity, with a quality education is a basic right that our public schools and policymakers must deliver. to make this happen, we must provide all


when reference is made to the value of a property, generally fair market value is meant. market price is what one might get from the sale of the property in terms of money. sometimes value and price are the same, most particularly when there is no compulsion to buy or sell. under other circumstances, there might be a wide difference between the market value of a property and the actual sale price. the appraiser must be careful to consider normal buyers and sellers attitudes for the type of property appraised. the appraiser is estimating actual market value not theoretical value. the immobility of real estate makes it unique. theoretically, there are no two parcels exactly alike and therefore no means of making a total comparison between properties. circumstances of one buyer and one seller affect the sale price of a specific property, whereas the actions of many buyers and sellers of similar type properties determine the going rate for the sale or exchange of property on the open market. among the various types of value that have been designated from time to time are book value, tax value, market value, cash value, capital value, speculative value, par value, true value, exchange value, reproduction value, physical value, replacement value, insurance value, investment value, rental value, face value, depreciated value, leasehold value, sound value, sales value and cost value. the real estate broker should be concerned mostly with the concept of fair market value, or simply market value, for this is the basis upon which most property is generally bought and sold.


redundancy : basic information if you are just looking for an agreement if you have reached this page looking for draft letters for a redundancy situation, you can find them at redundancy. this article is based on the employment relations act 1996 ( era ). this article will be useful to both employers and employees. it discusses the rights and responsibilities of both parties. being made redundant " is sometimes used as a euphemism for being dismissed. this is wrong. neither in law nor in the english language does " redundancy " mean losing a job or being sacked. " redundant " means " superfluous, excessive redundancy is a reason for dismissal and is not itself dismissal. in particular it is not unfair dismissal although a dismissal “ by reason of redundancy ” may be unfair dismissal if the facts warrant it. the 1965 redundancy payments act gave the statutory right to " redundancy pay " to employees dismissed by reason of redundancy and since then the expression has become a common part of general language. quite separately from any right he may have to statutory redundancy pay, an employee may, if his service agreement so provides, be entitled to contractual redundancy pay. in this article, we concern ourselves only with statutory redundancy pay. redundancy involves dismissal and as with any other dismissal, it is essential for the employer to go through the statutory disciplinary / dismissal procedures introduced in october 2004. failure to do so will result in the redundancy dismissal being automatically unfair dismissal, with the consequences which automatically follow. definition of redundancy redundancy has two different meanings for the purposes of uk employment law. one derives from uk legislation and the other from european law. according to the employment relations act 1996 : an employee who is dismissed shall be taken to have been dismissed by reason of redundancy if the dismissal is attributable wholly or mainly to the fact that : - the employer has ceased, or intends to cease either to carry on the business for the purpose of which the employee was employed, or to carry on the business in the place where the employee was employed. - the requirements of that business either for employees to carry out work of a particular kind or at a particular place, have ceased or diminished, or are expected to cease or diminish. a dismissal by reason of redundancy is, on the face of it, fair. whether such a dismissal is in fact fair or unfair will then turn on whether the tribunal considers that the employer acted reasonably in


expected to cease or diminish. a dismissal by reason of redundancy is, on the face of it, fair. whether such a dismissal is in fact fair or unfair will then turn on whether the tribunal considers that the employer acted reasonably in treating the redundancy " as a sufficient reason for dismissing the employee ". basic calculation of redundancy pay statutory redundancy pay is calculated according to a formula set out in era 1996. the application of the formula is : - half of one week ' s pay for each full year worked between his 18th and 22nd birthday ; - one week ' s pay for each year worked between 22nd and 41st birthday ; - one and a half week ' s pay for each year worked after 41st birthday. only the most recent 20 years are taken into account for the purposes of this calculation if a long service employee is being dismissed. service before age 18 is not taken into account. a week ' s pay for those on a fixed salary is assessed by reference to pay in the final week of employment. for those on variable pay there are special rules based on the average weekly pay of the previous 12 weeks. statutory redundancy pay entitlement is in addition to contractual entitlements. a redundant employee is fully entitled to his proper notice of dismissal or pay in lieu and any other payments to which he may be entitled pursuant to contract, as well as to statutory redundancy pay. full time to part time for avoidance of doubt, this note is to confirm that it is possible, although not common, that in law a change from full time employment to part time employment can count as a dismissal by reason of redundancy followed by re - engagement on new terms. the question depends on whether on the facts of any particular case the statutory definition of redundancy is satisfied. whether the dismissal in such a case is or is not unfair dismissal is a separate question. there is a fine line between a situation where the employee ' s new job is the same as his original full - time job saves that certain terms and conditions of employment have been altered. this is for the tribunal to decide. service before a person ' s 18th birthday does not count for statutory redundancy pay calculations. this is one of the few differences between calculations of basic award on unfair dismissal and of statutory redundancy pay. similarly, an employee made redundant after his 65th birthday does not qualify for statutory redundancy pay. an employee who unreasonably refuses reinstatement, or an offer of suitable alternative employment


unfair dismissal and of statutory redundancy pay. similarly, an employee made redundant after his 65th birthday does not qualify for statutory redundancy pay. an employee who unreasonably refuses reinstatement, or an offer of suitable alternative employment, in either case to be available within four weeks of his dismissal, will not be entitled to statutory redundancy pay. however, if an employer has alternative work available but does not offer it to the redundant employee, the redundancy dismissal of that employee may well be unfair dismissal entitling the employee to compensation greater than he would get as redundancy pay. civil servants / public officials crown and civil servants are not eligible for statutory redundancy pay. however, their terms and conditions of service usually give those equivalent or better rights - these are contractual not statutory rights. local authority staff and other public sector employees who are not civil servants are eligible for statutory redundancy pay under normal rules and are eligible for special treatment under local government regulations. special provision is made to preserve statutory redundancy pay rights of public sector employees, including local authority staff, if their employment is transferred from one public sector employer to another as they cannot take the benefit of the associated employer rules which apply in the private sector. members of the armed forces are not entitled to statutory redundancy pay. selection for redundancy unfair dismissal compensation has a normal absolute maximum of $ 65, 200 as of 1st february 2005. thus an employee who has been made redundant may well seek grounds for claiming that his redundancy dismissal was unfair dismissal. improper selection for redundancy is one such ground. another relevant factor for newer employees is that the qualifying period of continuous employment for unfair dismissal claims, normally one year since june 1999 and sometimes zero, is less than the two year period required for redundancy pay claims. selection of employees for redundancy can be unfair on general grounds or because statute so provides. employers are well advised to keep careful records so that, if necessary, they can demonstrate to an employment tribunal that redundancy selection was fairly and properly handled. redundancy dismissal is automatically unfair dismissal if the selection for redundancy was : - for any of the reasons specified in era 1996 ; - related to trade union activity / membership. acas advisory booklet on " redundancy handling " contains a section on " selection criteria ". this booklet should be carefully studied in any situation in which questions relating to proper selection for redundancy may arise. sometimes, redundancy can be unfair because


advisory booklet on " redundancy handling " contains a section on " selection criteria ". this booklet should be carefully studied in any situation in which questions relating to proper selection for redundancy may arise. sometimes, redundancy can be unfair because it might have been more appropriate to select a different employee. there are many different answers relating to the different circumstances involved and therefore employers should think thoroughly through their decisions when selecting an employee for redundancy. written details of payment on making a redundancy payment an employer has a legal duty to give the employee a written statement showing how it was calculated. an employer who does not do this can be penalised in two ways : - he will be committing a criminal offence and risks a fine ; - there is a possibility that the employee will plead that the money paid to him was not statutory redundancy pay and therefore the tribunal will make the employer pay a second time. related documents : redundancy please note that the information provided on this page : - does not provide a complete or authoritative statement of the law ; - does not constitute legal advice by net lawman ; - does not create a contractual relationship ; - does not form part of any other advice, whether paid or free. contact us about this article if you have any questions about this article that we don ' t answer in the text above, please contact us and let us know how we can help. we aim to reply within 24 hours. leave feedback about this page if you have noticed a bug or a mistake on this page, or just want to give us feedback, we ' d love to know. nothing is too small or too big. send your message on this feedback page. redundancy packprice £18. 00 format available : read more letter to employee representatives : proposed collective redundancyprice £5. 00 format available : read more redundancy procedure checklistprice £5. 00 format available : read more redundancy confirmation letterprice £5. 00 format available : read more letter to employees : requesting voluntary redundancyprice £5. 00 format available : read more what our clients say about us... " first class. written in accessible english - consistently to " you " and rendered down to the true essentials. saved a great deal of time! " " easy to use website, good value for money, easy to edit and easy to understand document. " " great site, so effective, gives you what you need when you need it, no waiting around. "


lyon, france — smoking is associated with an increased risk for multiple sclerosis ( ms ), according to jonathan salzer, md, from the department of neurology at umea university in sweden, and colleagues, who reported their study findings at the 28th congress of the european committee for treatment and research in multiple sclerosis ( ectrims ). they found that elevated cotinine levels in serum and plasma samples drawn a median of nine years prior to disease onset were associated with a 50 % increased risk for ms. the effect was only evident in those under a median age of 26. 4. the association, the researchers said, became slightly stronger when excluding users of smokeless tobacco. dr. salzer and colleagues sought to investigate the effects of laboratory - defined tobacco use on the risk for ms using prospectively collected biobank blood samples. their nested case - control study was performed in northern sweden, and used two population - based biobank cohorts to identify blood samples collected before ms onset. levels of cotinine, a recognized biochemical marker for tobacco use, were measured using an immunoassay. self - reported questionnaire data on tobacco use were collected retrospectively. the researchers found that elevated cotinine levels ( ≥10 ng / ml ) were associated with a significantly increased risk for ms ( odds ratio, 1. 5 ). this association was most pronounced in young individuals ( below median age at blood sampling, < 26. 4 years ). no dose - response effect was evident. the findings were replicated by retrospective smoking questionnaire data. — glenn s. williams


gbms are the most common and most malignant of the primary cns neoplasms, representing 15 % to 20 % of these tumors. approximately half of all astrocytomas are gbms. gbm is the most common supratentorial neoplasm in adults. gbms usually occur in patients over 50 and are unusual in patients under 30. like anaplastic astrocytomas, gbms can occasionally be found at any age ; anaplastic astrocytomas and gbms are among the four most common primary brain tumors in infants and children under 2 years of age. various symptoms occur with gbm, including seizure, focal neurological deficits, and stroke like syndromes. the first symptom of a brain tumor of any type can be a headache, since these tumors act as masses within the boney skull and thus cause increased pressure in the brain. the headache associated with a brain tumor, is frequently worse in the morning and is accompanied by vomiting. other symptoms of a brain tumor can include seizures, weakness or numbness of a side or part of the body, or such subtle symptoms such as changes in mood, thinking or general state of well being. sometimes increased pressure in the brain can cause blurred, double, or lost vision. if a patient has any of the above symptoms, without any obvious explanation, further work - up is warranted. these tumors can be seen best by magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) since the degree of detail is much greater than that provided by ct scans. as with other tumors and most particularly with any of the gliomas, once a mass is confirmed by any of the imaging techniques, the diagnosis needs to be established by a biopsy of the mass. the biopsy is usually done in conjunction with aggressive resection of the tumor. the biopsy identifies the particularities of the tumor and differentiates it from other types of masses, such as infection. along with primary cns lymphoma, gbms have the worst prognosis of all primary brain tumors. gbms disseminate early, rapidly, and widely. central nervous system spread is common, but distant metastasis is rare. in selecting the treatment of high grade malignant astrocytomas, it should be kept in mind that the following three ( 3 ) statistically independent factors affect the length of survival : 1 ) age at the time of diagnosis, 2 ) histological features ( grade of the tumor and additional characteristics such as mitotic index ), and 3 )


that the following three ( 3 ) statistically independent factors affect the length of survival : 1 ) age at the time of diagnosis, 2 ) histological features ( grade of the tumor and additional characteristics such as mitotic index ), and 3 ) performance status ( the level of the patient ' s older patients with high grade malignant brain tumors, who are in poor neurological condition at the time of surgery, do less the primary initial therapy is to gain control of the increased intracranial pressure ( icp ). often times, these patients have significant brain swelling, in addition to the presence of and as a consequence of the tumor. pre - treatment with a course of high dose intravenous steroids, may well improve the condition of the patient prior to surgery. in some cases, this may mean a strategic delay of surgical intervention for three ( 3 ) to seven ( 7 ) days. the wait can be rewarded by a far better initial outcome. aggressive surgical excision of the tumor is advocated in most patients. the goal is to reduce the maximum amount of the tumor. in some cases this may mean an extensive frontal or temporal lobectomy. when tumor is within the middle or posterior portions of the temporal lobe, the parietal or anterior or middle occipital lobe, an aggressive internal decompression of the tumor is warranted. it is imperative to understand that there are surgical limitations in the removal of these " infiltrative " tumors because they " spread " along the interconnecting fiber pathways ( tracts ) of the brain. as such, these tumors can rarely be entirely removed there are some advanced technologies that currently assist in the extent of resection. the ability of the surgeon to " visualize " tumor is somewhat limited. magnification of vision, intraoperative ultrasound imaging, intraoperative mri scanning and intraoperative fluorescence techniques ( see below ) are a few of the adjunctive technologies that may be available to assist maximum resection, while limiting the risk of injuring adjacent functioning fluorescence is one of the most advanced concepts for the surgical management of an infiltrative brain tumor and the only method that permits the neurosurgeon to visually identify the tumor that infiltrates brain tissue. this technique ( developed primarily in europe ) involves the ingestion of a medication ( 5 - aminolevulinic acid or " ala " dissolved in water ) that is taken up in certain molecules of the tumor which when subjected to a special violet - blue light beamed through the neurosur


involves the ingestion of a medication ( 5 - aminolevulinic acid or " ala " dissolved in water ) that is taken up in certain molecules of the tumor which when subjected to a special violet - blue light beamed through the neurosurgical operating microscope actually ( " lights up " ) glows. once " seen " under the neurosurgical operating microscope, the surgeon can remove the fluorescent portion by using any of several methods. the neurosurgeons of neurosurgical consultants firmly believe that aggressive resection of the tumor, is the first definitive step in the treatment of these tumors. the surgeon may choose to reserve a small part of the tumor for tissue culture in the laboratory followed by sensitivity testing against various chemotherapeutic agents. it can be helpful to know beforehand, if a certain drug has any or limited effectiveness against this particular tumor, in this particular patient. these additional technologies have helped to improve outcomes. we now routinely culture the tumor and subject it to sensitivity testing against various chemotherapy agents prior to initiating chemotherapy. radiation therapy continues to have an important place in the treatment of most of these patients and is the standard adjunct therapy against which other treatments are compared. refinements have been made that make this treatment less toxic than in previous years. for most patients, this will be the second major treatment option, in a comprehensive therapeutic program. chemotherapy is the third arm of this comprehensive effort to prolong and maintain a high quality of life. traditional management has been to use " standard " forms of chemotherapy. currently there are some unconventional chemotherapeutic alternatives that offer considerable hope for improved quality and length of survival. one of our has utilized these newer medications such as temodar ( temozolamide ), avastin ( bevacizumab, an anti - angiogenesis agent ) and cpt - 11, either alone ( or more commonly ) in combination or with other drugs, to produce encouraging results. additional information regarding these treatments is available at the in some tumor cases we choose to place a special chamber called an " ommaya reservoir " under the scalp, with an attached catheter residing in the " bed " of the tumor, after resection has been completed. this permits the neuro - oncologist to instill chemotherapeutic medications directly into the tumor bed. this is a far more effective methodology than placing " chemotherapy wafers in the tumor bed. there are several treatment concepts that have considerable interest. perhaps the most attractive is


there are several different types of hearing aids to choose from. the type of hearing aid that you need depends on the amount of hearing loss that you have. some hearing aids are more appropriate for adults than children. traditional hearing aids are removable. newer models can be surgically implanted in the ear. hearing aids differ greatly in size, style, and cost. your doctor will help you select the most appropriate one for you. removable hearing aids are categorized as : behind - the - ear ( bte ) hearing aids behind - the - ear ( bte ) hearing aids consist of a component that is worn behind the ear and a earmold that fits inside of the outer ear. the hearing aid is made of hard plastic. bte hearing aids are most appropriate for people with mild to profound hearing loss. newer open - fit bte hearing aids have a small component that is worn behind the ear and a tube that is inserted into the ear canal. an open - fit bte is helpful for people that experience earwax buildup. in - the - ear ( ite ) hearing aids in - the - ear ( ite ) hearing aids are placed inside the outer ear. they may include a telecoil that helps with hearing telephone conversations. ite hearing aids are most appropriate for adults with mild to severe hearing loss. canal hearing aids in - the - canal ( itc ) hearing aids are custom made to fit inside the ear canal. completely - in - canal ( cic ) hearing aids are inside the ear canal and virtually hidden. canal hearing aids are most appropriate for adults with mild to moderately severe hearing loss. surgically implanted hearing aids include : middle ear implant ( mei ) a middle ear implant ( mei ) is a device that is surgically attached to the bones in the middle ear. the mei causes the bones to move and send greater vibrations to the inner ear structures. bone - anchored hearing aid ( baha ) the bone - anchored hearing aid ( baha ) is surgically attached to the bone behind the ear. the baha transmits amplified vibrations to the inner ear structures.


signaling & cueing survey responses show that the various signals successful teachers use to get and hold students ' attention to directions, information, and tasks are considered an important part of getting students motivated. the following list of recommendations can help you accomplish these goals. 1. getting students ' attention. review the following list of what teachers say to get students to listen to their directions and circle those that seem most applicable to your grade level and personal style. i need to see everyone ' s eyes looking at me. - 1, 2, 3. eyes on me. - when i see everyone ' s eyes, i ' ll know you ' re ready to begin. - stop, look and ( in unison ) listen. - eyes on me, ears listening, mouth closed, feet quiet, seat on rug. 2. get students back on task. memorize at least three of the following questions teachers ask to redirect student attention to the assigned task. - are you with me? - can i help? - having trouble? - are you doing your job? - can you repeat my directions? 3. review other ways teachers get or redirect student attention to the assigned task. circle those that appear most appropriate for your grade level and personal style. - counting forwards or backwards from five. - beginning a rhythmic clap that the students finish or imitate. - giving a particular student " the eye " ( an intense stare with head tilted and one eyebrow raised ). - raising one hand with outstretched fingers and saying, " give me five " ( each finger representing a listening or working expectation ). - " excuse me! " - " i want to see everyone seated, lips closed, bodies quiet. " - " mouth! chair! hands! eyes! " - " this is your first and last warning " ( of impending consequences ). 4. rate yourself. on a 10 - point scale, score your behavior on the following kinds of body language successful teachers commonly associate with on - task student behavior. ask a colleague to swap observational ratings on the same items. - displays confident body posture ( e. g., standing tall, feet planted solidly on the ground ). - uses a strong voice. - moves vigorously around the room. - uses many hand and facial gestures of approval and disapproval. - is highly vigilant, constantly scanning the room. - shows energetic and enthusiastic facial expressions. when students become familiar with your signals that you want their attention, you will be able to quickly draw their focus to you, and minimize behavioral problems


virtopsy : the virtual autopsy multi - slice computed tomography ( msct ) and magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ), when used with 3 - d imaging technology, create vivid images of the interior of the human body. dr. richard dirnhoter and dr. michael thali and thier team of specialists at the university of bern ' s institute of forensic medicine, switzerland are using these new imaging technologies to develop " virtopsy " — a bloodless and minimally invasive " virtual autopsy " procedure to examine bodies for causes of death. virtopsy detects internal bleeding, bullet paths, and hidden fractures hard to find in a traditional autopsy. the msct and mri aid in picturing fracture patterns, bone and missile fragmentation, brain contusion, 3 - d bullet localization, gas embolism, and blood aspiration to the lung. unlike traditional autopsy, virtopsy does not destroy human tissue. it can be used when religious beliefs prohibit, or families object to, the cutting open of the body. the developers of virtopsy do not envision the procedure as a replacement for traditional autopsy but as a tool to be used in cases where dissection of the body is not feasible or where forensic evidence is particularly hard to visualize.


the nobel prize in physics 1906 joseph john thomson was born in cheetham hill, a suburb of manchester on december 18, 1856. he enrolled at owens college, manchester, in 1870, and in 1876 entered trinity college, cambridge as a minor scholar. he became a fellow of trinity college in 1880, when he was second wrangler and second smith ' s prizeman, and he remained a member of the college for the rest of his life, becoming lecturer in 1883 and master in 1918. he was cavendish professor of experimental physics at cambridge, where he succeeded lord rayleigh, from 1884 to 1918 and honorary professor of physics, cambridge and royal institution, thomson ' s early interest in atomic structure was reflected in his treatise on the motion of vortex rings which won him the adams prize in 1884. his application of dynamics to physics and chemistry appeared in 1886, and in 1892 he had his notes on recent researches in electricity and magnetism published. this latter work covered results obtained subsequent to the appearance of james clerk maxwell ' s famous " treatise " and it is often referred to as " the third volume of maxwell ". thomson co - operated with professor j. h. poynting in a four - volume textbook of physics, properties of matter and in 1895 he produced elements of the mathematical theory of electricity and magnetism, the 5th edition of which appeared in 1921. in 1896, thomson visited america to give a course of four lectures, which summarised his current researches, at princeton. these lectures were subsequently published as discharge of electricity through gases ( 1897 ). on his return from america, he achieved the most brilliant work of his life - an original study of cathode rays culminating in the discovery of the electron, which was announced during the course of his evening lecture to the royal institution on friday, april 30, 1897. his book, conduction of electricity through gases, published in 1903 was described by lord rayleigh as a review of " thomson ' s great days at the cavendish laboratory ". a later edition, written in collaboration with his son, george, appeared in two volumes ( 1928 and 1933 ). thomson returned to america in 1904 to deliver six lectures on electricity and matter at yale university. they contained some important suggestions as to the structure of the atom. he discovered a method for separating different kinds of atoms and molecules by the use of positive rays, an idea developed by aston, dempster and others towards the discovery of many isotopes. in addition to those just mentioned, he wrote the books, the structure of light (


separating different kinds of atoms and molecules by the use of positive rays, an idea developed by aston, dempster and others towards the discovery of many isotopes. in addition to those just mentioned, he wrote the books, the structure of light ( 1907 ), the corpuscular theory of matter ( 1907 ), rays of positive electricity ( 1913 ), the electron in chemistry ( 1923 ) and his autobiography, recollections and reflections ( 1936 ), among many other publications. thomson, a recipient of the order of merit, was knighted in 1908. he was elected fellow of the royal society in 1884 and was president during 1916 - 1920 ; he received the royal and hughes medals in 1894 and 1902, and the copley medal in 1914. he was awarded the hodgkins medal ( smithsonian institute, washington ) in 1902 ; the franklin medal and scott medal ( philadelphia ), 1923 ; the mascart medal ( paris ), 1927 ; the dalton medal ( manchester ), 1931 ; and the faraday medal ( institute of civil engineers ) in 1938. he was president of the british association in 1909 ( and of section a in 1896 and 1931 ) and he held honorary doctorate degrees from the universities of oxford, dublin, london, victoria, columbia, cambridge, durham, birmingham, gottingen, leeds, oslo, sorbonne, edinburgh, reading, princeton, glasgow, johns hopkins, aberdeen, athens, cracow and philadelphia. in 1890, he married rose elisabeth, daughter of sir george e. paget, k. c. b. they had one son, now sir george paget thomson, emeritus professor of physics at london university, who was awarded the nobel prize for physics in 1937, and one daughter. from nobel lectures, physics 1901 - 1921, elsevier publishing company, amsterdam, 1967 this autobiography / biography was written at the time of the award and first published in the book series les prix nobel. it was later edited and republished in nobel lectures. to cite this document, always state the source as shown above. for more updated biographical information, see : thomson, joseph john, recollections and reflections. g. bell and sons : london, 1936. j. j. thomson died on august 30, 1940. copyright © the nobel foundation 1906 mla style : " j. j. thomson - biography ". nobelprize. org. 22 may 2013 http : / / www. nobelprize. org / nobel _ prizes / physics / laureates / 1906 / thomson - bio. html


basic 220 volt circuits 220 volt circuits ( aka 230 volt, or 240 volt ) are used to supply power to appliances which draw high currents such as clothes dryers, ranges, ovens, cook - tops, heaters, air conditioners, rotary phase converters, and water heaters. parts of a 220 circuit no matter what appliance you are wiring for, any 220 circuit has three elements : 1 ) the breaker panel connections. 2 ) the supply wire. 3 ) the terminal connection, which can be either a special receptacle or a direct connection to an appliance. for any appliances rated over 300 volt - amps ( which includes almost everything 220 ) there must be either a means of disconnect at the appliance or a breaker lock permanently installed in the panel so that a service man can insure his own safety. ( nec article 422. 31 ) " means of disconnect " can include a pigtail which can be unplugged from a receptacle, a disconnect device ( often used for hvac equipment ) or a unit mounted switch which has a clearly labeled off position. appliances which are in a direct line of site of and in the same room as the breaker panel are exempt from this requirement. any time that you are working with aluminum wire, you must coat all connections with conductive grease such as ideal brand noalox. failure to do so will result in a connection failure due to corrosion, and a hazardous condition which could result in fire or electrical shock. breaker panel connections important safety note : main panels cannot usually be de - energized by turning off breakers. only qualified personnel should work on main electrical panels. a simple mistake can result in death or injury. all 220 circuits connect to the breaker panel through a double pole breaker ( or equivalent fuse ). double pole breakers often look like a pair of single pole breakers that are stuck together - because that is exactly what they are. 220 equipment will actually function if it is connected by way of two single pole breakers, but it wouldn ' t be safe or up to code, because in the event of a fault one breaker might trip causing the appliance to stop working, but it would still be energized by the other breaker. so double pole breakers are designed to trip both sides simultaneously. the amp ratings of breakers should never exceed the amp rating of either the wire, appliance, receptacle, or disconnect used in the circuit. the 2


other breaker. so double pole breakers are designed to trip both sides simultaneously. the amp ratings of breakers should never exceed the amp rating of either the wire, appliance, receptacle, or disconnect used in the circuit. the 2 line voltage wires which are feeding the 220 circuit connect to the double pole breaker in the panel. both of these wires should be either black or red for their entire exposed length inside of the breaker panel. these wires can be colored with paint, tape, or perm marker to comply with this code. ground and neutral connections all modern 220 circuits will also have a ground wire which is identified by either green insulation or by being bare metal with no insulation. the ground wire connects to the ground bar. some 220 circuits will also have a white insulated neutral wire which connects to the neutral bar, or to the combined neutral / ground bar. wire for 220 circuits the wire requirements for 220 volt circuits are pretty much the same as for any other circuit - it must be of the proper type for the place that it is being used, it must have sufficient volt - amp capacity, and it must have the correct number of conductors. proper color coding would also be nice, but isn ' t a big deal because the exposed lengths of the conductors ( in the main panel and in the terminal device ) can be colored with paint, tape, or permanent marker. if you are wiring for a dryer, range, or any other 220 - 110 combo appliance you must use a four conductor wire with an insulated neutral and a separate ground such as x - 3 - wg. if you are wiring for straight 220 equipment such as a water heater then you can use a three conductor wire such as x - 2 - wg. the amp rating of the wire should never be less than that of the circuit breaker that is used. you can find a handy wire application / amp rating chart on this page. note : you can no longer install 3 wire range or dryer circuits - you must install 4 wire systems for ranges and dryers. if you already have a 3 wire range or dryer then don ' t worry, your old appliance can be made compatible with a 4 wire system by installing a 4 wire pigtail on it. then when you buy a new appliance it will plug right in to your new 4 wire system. connecting the terminal connections on a 220 system aren ' t all that different than installing any other appliance, fixture or receptacle except that the


lincoln and native americans how lincoln was friends with native americans and insights into some instances in his life that shows his ability to understand their culture. run time 03 : 08 vietnam war 1 after wwii, ussr bewared of arms warfare against usa because their political viewpoints were dissimilar. america was not successful in educating the vietnamese ’ about freedom. the lifestyles of two countries were too different - typical character of american culture is liberty, freedom, democracy ; typical character of vietnamese culture is ceremony, ritual, and conservative. it was a civil war in vietnam ; they were just a combatant of the learn french - dans le metro, part 1 ( on the subway ) in this video the instructor recites various words that are associated with the subway in french. for beginning and intermediate learners. the words appear at the bottom of the screen as they are recited. what education do i need to become a chef? find out the education requirements of chefs from an experienced chef. the chef explains that the education required to become a chef starts with sanitation and safety classes, and it graduates to basic cooking skills and specialty cooking skills. how to become a sous chef in this video an experienced chef explains the job of a sous chef. he explains that sous chefs are the direct contact for the rest of the cooks and workers in the kitchen, and they work directly under the executive chef. how to make sushi chef desiree and three kids helpers show how make sushi rolls. they use rice, nori, crab, cucumber, cilantro, and avocado to make them. the chef demonstrates the technique for filling and rolling the sushi. how to make graham cracker crust for egg nog cheese cake in this part a baker demonstrates on how to make graham cracker crust for egg nog cheese cake. she shows how to ground up graham crackers in a food processor until fine. where to sell pokemon cards the owner of a card trading store talks about where to sell pokemon cards from his store. he explains that the cards can be sold at local card shops that deals in non - sports cards, but the best bet is to sell them on the internet on a web site like craigslist. com. he also talks about how to donate pokemon cards to a children ' s hospital. how to price football trading cards in this clip learn to price football trading cards. a card trading store owner explains that the first place to start is with the beckett price guide, which is published every other month. also explained is how the


s hospital. how to price football trading cards in this clip learn to price football trading cards. a card trading store owner explains that the first place to start is with the beckett price guide, which is published every other month. also explained is how the condition of a football card can affect its value. how to grow a lemon tree from seeds this clip gives useful information and tips on growing a lemon tree from a seed. first thing to do is to cut open a lemon and find the seeds. the lemon tree should grow with well - drained soil that is kept moist. what items can i put in a compost pile? a farmer explains that almost any plant or animal can be put into a compost pile, with some examples including flowers, corn husks and grass. corn cobs or bones or wood can be used in compost piles but they take a long time to decompose. setting up a compost pile - part 1 this is part 1 of setting up a backyard compost pile. the narrator explains how to use leaves to make compost. supplies needed are rabbit food, measuring tape, wire snips, gloves, pitch fork, leaves, and wire fencing. the clip shows a step by step demonstration on how to set up the compost pile in a backyard, which is called a form of, " black gold, " ( 8 : 37 ) exponent property review in this video, the instructor reviews 5 different exponent properties : sum / difference, product, quotient, power, and integral / rational. he begins by defining each property and providing simple examples of each. he then goes through different exponent problems that require the use of various properties in order to solve them. invertebrate fossils - lesson 16 - part 7 of 7 invertebratefossils - lesson 16 - part 7 of 7 is a lesson in which the presenter talksabout the history of the study of fossils. he introduces the audience to the story of " the lyingstones ” and beringer ’ s study of fossils and the famous beringer fossilhoax. invertebratefossils - lesson 16 - part 7 of 7 is a lesson in which the presenter talksabout the history of the study of fossils. he introduces the audience to the story of " the lyingstones ” and beringer ’ s study of fossils and the famous beringer fossilhoax. how they train : luge time ' s sean gregory gets pushed down an ice track as he follows olympic hopeful erin


the story of " the lyingstones ” and beringer ’ s study of fossils and the famous beringer fossilhoax. how they train : luge time ' s sean gregory gets pushed down an ice track as he follows olympic hopeful erin hamlin while she trains for the games in vancouver. crohns disease module 8 : going to school learn what to do if youre not feeling well or wondering whether or not to tell classmates why you may be missing class. this module will address the following questions : how do we make a school aware of the illness? who do we work with to make an accommodation plan? dealing with controversial issues this program examines how social studies teachers in any grade level can encourage open and informed discussions with their students while dealing with controversial issues. topics range from stereotypes and gender – based discrimination to the conflict in the middle east. through clearly identifying issues, listening to multiple perspectives, and formulating personal positions, teachers can explore a variety of strategies that can be used to teach challenging issues such as these in thei learning as synaptic change this module presents researchers investigating the structural changes involved in learning. research conducted at the pasteur institute in paris shows that the learning process involves the formation of new brain connections and the elimination of others. other researchers dispel the myth of brain loss in aging, present evidence of changes at the cellular level, and revi perception : inverted vision the peculiar image inversion process that takes place in the normal visual system is examined in this module. the program traces the experiences of an art student who volunteers to wear lenses that invert her visual world, connecting the adaptation process she undergoes with how the visual system functions. graphic animations reinforce understanding of the mechanism invo waves, beaches and coasts this program shows the dynamic interaction of two geologic agents : rocky landmasses and the energy of the ocean. aspects of waves — their types, parts, movement, and impact on the shore — are illustrated. the program also covers shoreline characteristics, currents, sea barriers, tides, and how the greenhouse effect could impact sea level and coastal lands.


how to draw arms on a cartoon girl in this clip the arms are added to the character. step - by - step narration by artist danny page. english captions. ( 2 : 15 ) teaching kids about money values this how - to video gives parents ideas about how to teach kids about money values and what amount each coin and dollar represents. this is demonstrated by showing how to add the sum of the coins and dollars on a worksheet. ( 1 : 35 ) treating dyslexia. part of the series : dyslexia. treating dyslexia begins with early diagnosis and teaching at the mastery level, where a student masters a grade level of materials before pursuing the next level. ( 3 : 11 ) how to secure a wireless internet connection wireless connection should be secured so that only authorized people can access the network. find out how most wireless configuration utilties are browser - based - go to a specific web address and you will be able to access the settings. how to set up your home network the first step in setting up a home network is obtaining a router, running tests for connectivity, connecting the router to the dsl or cable modem and connecting the computer. learn about following the manufacturer ' s instructions to configure a router. computer networking tutorial - 5 - osi model data link layer this is an informative video on the data link layer of the osi model. run time 05 : 37. ten things i hate about you / taming of the shrew this is a clip from the film remake of the the shakespeare play starring heath ledger. he is serenading julia stiles ' character and can be used in a unit on persuasion or changes in plot. electrical systems current ( sv ) how does current work? find out as this teacher from dallas, texas, helps you learn. this video is in lecture format - with the teacher speaking into the camera and a dry erase board behind her. she focuses much of her time on the formulas for currents and amps. some key words include : matter, positive charge, negative charge, repel, attract, electron, coulombs, current, flow, and amp. run time 04 : 00. after oersted ' s 1820 discovery that electric currents create magnetism, it was obvious that in some way magnetism should be able to create electric currents. the discovery of electromagnetic induction, in 1831, by michael faraday and joseph henry was one of the most important of the 19th century, not only scientifically,


, it was obvious that in some way magnetism should be able to create electric currents. the discovery of electromagnetic induction, in 1831, by michael faraday and joseph henry was one of the most important of the 19th century, not only scientifically, but also technologically, because it is the means electromagnetic induction makes it easy and natural to generate alternating current. use of transformers makes it practical to distribute ac over long distances. although nikola tesla understood all this, thomas edison chose not to, and thereby hangs a tale. alternating current circuits obey a differential equation identical to the harmonic oscillator resonance equation how does a solenoid work? a solenoid works by having electricity flow through its copper wire that is provided by a power supply and a switch. learn how a solenoid becomes a magnet when electricity is supplied to it with information from a science teacher in this video. what is an electrical inverter? an electrical inverter is a device that can create an alternating current from a direct current, allowing the current to go backwards and forwards instead of in only one direction. find out how an electrical inverter works from a science teacher in this voltage and current, part 1 this video describes voltage, the potential difference or " pressure " that pushes electric charges through conductors. the kidney and nephron this is an overview of how the nephrons in the kidney filter blood and re - absorb water and other molecules. mr. khan uses computer software ( with different colors for clarification and emphasis ) to illustrate his points. sal khan is the recipient of the 2009 microsoft tech award in education. the history of roman catholicism this is a brief history of roman catholicism. it is narrated by a woman as historical pictures are flashing across the screen. drawing cartoon insects : drawing cartoon dragonflies add character to a cartoon dragonfly with a dragon - like nose. watch and learn from the artist ' s drawing. step - by - step narration by artist daniel page. english captions. ( 2 : 25 ) the pacific war - iwo jima clip ( in color ) this documentary includes rare color footage of the u. s. marines in action in the pacific during world war ii. for years the world has watched films of world war ii in black and white. now for the first time, follow alongside those who experienced the war first hand in this remarkable and moving portrait revealing never - before - seen footage shot in full color. on december 7, 1941, japan launched its attack on pearl harbor resulting in the united states being thrust


the cost to build a toyota prius hasn ' t changed much in the past five years — if you measure the cost in japanese yen. but if you measure the cost in dollars, it ' s a different story. in 2007, it cost toyota about $ 16, 000 to build a prius. now, it ' s more like $ 24, 000. that ' s because the value of the yen has risen relative to the dollar. in 2007, $ 1 bought 124 yen ; today, $ 1 buys just 79 yen. toyota and other japanese car makers haven ' t passed that higher cost on to u. s. consumers, partly because it would be awful for sales. instead, the companies have cut back on incentives for buyers, limited exports of cars from japan, and cut material costs in cars. auto analysts and critics have pointed to the push to control costs as a reason consumer reports downgraded the honda civic ( this was a big deal among car people ). at the same time, the strong yen ( among other factors ) has japanese automakers looking to build more cars in the u. s. toyota plans to add more than 3, 000 jobs in the u. s., and increase production at it assembly and engine facilities in the u. s. nissan has said that within a few years, 90 percent of the cars it sells in the u. s. will be made here. the strong yen also means goods made in the u. s. can be sold more cheaply in japan. american carmakers have never had much of a presence in japan, where domestic car makers control more than 90 percent of the market. but with american cars growing smaller and the strong yen helping prices, this may be a moment for american manufacturers to start building a market in japan. as we ' ve noted before, " weak currency " sounds bad, and " strong currency " sounds good. but for economic growth, the opposite is often true.


southeast asia and indomalaya ( japan, southern china, viet nam, laos, cambodia, thailand, malaya, myanmar ( burma ), bhutan, nepal, and eastern burma reed, also known as silk reed, cane grass, and false reed, is a tall, perennial, large - plumed grass that grows in clumps in sunny upland areas. stems, including the flower stalks are from 3 to 15 feet in height, depending on soil and moisture conditions. the leaves are 8 to 10 inches long and hairless, except for a single line of horizontal hairs at the juncture of the upper and lower portions of the leaf. stems are approximately ½ inch in width, are round, solid, and have nodes ( stem - leaf junctures ) every 3 to 5 inches along the stem. the flower plumes, which can be up to 3 feet long, are composed of many hundreds of tiny flowers and have a shimmery, silky appearance. flowering occurs in april and october, each clump producing an average of forty stalks and twelve to twenty flowering plumes. burma reed resembles several other tall grasses, including common reed ( phragmites communis ), giant reed ( arundo donax ), pampas grass ( cortaderia selloana ) and sugar cane ( saccharum officinarum ). burma reed damages native ecosystems by crowding and shading out understory plant species and by creating conditions for extremely hot and destructive wildfires. in southern florida ( miami - dade county ), it is a serious threat to the globally imperiled pine rocklands community whose pine canopy was largely destroyed in 1992 by hurricane andrew. burma reed is a highly combustible fuel source because of its overall plant mass, its large feathery flower plumes, and the dense, hay - like leaf litter it produces. this hay - like litter enhances the fire ' s movement along the ground, while the flower plumes carry the flames high into the air. with the aid of winds, these plumes often detach and fly through the air like torches, providing the potential for additional spread. photographs of its ignition during a wildfire show flames leaping over 30 feet high, threatening nearby tree canopies. in the united states burma reed is found throughout southern florida in the counties of miami - dade, broward, palm beach, lee, and collier, and the florida keys. habitat in the united states native range, which is characterized by a warm, subtropical climate, burma reed occurs in bog


throughout southern florida in the counties of miami - dade, broward, palm beach, lee, and collier, and the florida keys. habitat in the united states native range, which is characterized by a warm, subtropical climate, burma reed occurs in bogs, in open savannahs, on upland cliffs, and along forest and road edges, and thrives from sea level to altitudes of 6, 500 feet. in the u. s., burma reed initially colonizes the margins of roadways, fields, and forests, from which it can spread to undisturbed areas. the ability of burma reed to survive at high altitudes in its native range indicates a tolerance to cold and the potential for it to spread further north in the u. s. burma reed was first introduced into the united states in 1916 by the u. s. department of agriculture, possibly to investigate its potential as an ornamental plant. it was grown in a test garden in coconut grove, florida, from which it escaped and spread. by 1990, it had become established in the wild as far as 30 miles from coconut grove and along disturbed edges throughout miami - dade county. burma reed has no known economic value and, in bhutan, is reported to be poisonous to buffalo. biology & spread burma reed reproduces by seed and through underground stems called rhizomes. burma reed plants flower twice each year, producing hundreds of thousands of tiny seeds that are dispersed by the wind. new clumps of burma reed emerge from rhizomes that may be embedded in sand, soil, or rubble. seeds and rhizomes are also transported inadvertently in limestone rock from infested quarries that is carried by train from miami - dade county, florida to concrete manufacturers throughout the southeastern united states. this unintentional movement of burma reed material allows it to invade new sites in florida and and adjacent states near limestone distribution centers. restoration of sites infested with burma reed requires a long term commitment to ensure effective control and to allow native vegetation to become established. burma reed ' s deep roots make mechanical removal an extremely labor intensive and costly undertaking and causes extensive disturbance to the soil. a more effective management approach involves a combination of cutting or prescribed burning, followed by application of herbicides. after cutting, mowing or burning burma reed plants down to the ground, a systemic herbicide like glyphosate, mixed with an acidic surfactant ( trade name : roundup pro®® ) can be made to prevent new growth. repeat treatment is likely to be necessary for


plants down to the ground, a systemic herbicide like glyphosate, mixed with an acidic surfactant ( trade name : roundup pro®® ) can be made to prevent new growth. repeat treatment is likely to be necessary for a couple of years, until seed and rhizome stores are exhausted. note : burning of burma reed vegetation requires a special permit and should not be undertaken without training, preparation and assistance. because burma reed is an extremely flammable plant, fires may quickly get out of hand. a successful burn of burma reed reduces the plantis massive stalks to ash, eliminating the cost of vegetation removal. conveniently, because burma reed is the first plant to resprout following a fire, it can be sprayed freely with little concern about non - target kills. it should be noted that burning, by itself, whether through prescribed or natural wildfires, may enhance the growth and spread of burma reed if not followed up with chemical or mechanical control. in areas where burma reed is dispersed among desirable native vegetaion, individual plants can be cut at the base using a steel blade ( e. g., weed whacker ) and the remaining portions sprayed with roundup pro®® to prevent new growth. resprouts should be treated with a second herbicide application to the new growth. this method requires highly qualified applicators who can target the herbicide to avoid damage to native plants, and may not be cost effective for extensive infestations. use pesticides wisely : always read the entire pesticide label carefully, follow all mixing and application instructions and wear all recommended personal protective gear and clothing. contact your state department of agriculture for any additional pesticide use requirements, restrictions or recommendations. notice : mention of pesticide products on this web site does not constitute endorsement of any material. for more information on the management of burma reed, please contact : suggested alternative plants - renee rasha, palm beach county department of environmental resources management ; rrasha at co. palm - beach. fl. us - the nature conservancy, florida museum of natural history, gainesville, fla. ( 352 - 846 - 5949 ) grasses and other plants are available that can be substituted for burma reed, including fakahatchee grass ( tripsacum dactyloides ), switch grass ( panicum virgatum ), and muhly grass ( muhlenbergia capillaris ). in the pine rocklands, the following grasses are recommended : bluestem (


grass ( tripsacum dactyloides ), switch grass ( panicum virgatum ), and muhly grass ( muhlenbergia capillaris ). in the pine rocklands, the following grasses are recommended : bluestem ( schizachrium rhizomatum ) ; wire bluestem ( schizachyrium gracile ) ; wiregrass ( aristica stricta ) ; florida mock gamagrass ( tripsacum floridanum ). in coastal uplands or disturbed sites, areas could be enhanced with pinewoods finger grass ( eustachys petraea ). renee rasha, environmental analyst, palm beach county department of environmental resources management, west palm beach, jil m. swearingen, national park service, joe maguire, miami dade county natural areas photograph of fire by s. demetropoulos courtesy of palm beach county department of environmental resources management bor, n. l. 1960. the grasses of burma, ceylon, india and pakistan. pergamon press, new york, 767 pp. gordon, d. r. and k. p. thomas. 1997. floridais invasion by non - indigenous plants : history, screening, and regulation. in simberloff, d., d. c. schmitz, and t. c. brown ( eds. ), strangers in paradise : impact and management of nonindigenous species in florida. island press, washington, dc. 467 pp. guala, jr., g. f. 1990. element stewardship abstract for neyraudia reynaudiana. the nature conservancy, arlington, va. 5 pp. hammer, r. l. 1998. wildland weeds. summer 1998. vol. 1, no. 3, p. 9. langeland, k. a. and k. craddock burks, eds. 1998. invasive non - native plants of floridais natural areas. university of florida institute of food and agricultural sciences and florida exotic pest lazarides, m. 1980. the tropical grasses of southeast asia. j. cramer, vaduz. 225 pp. maguire j. 1993. status of burma reed in dade county pine rocklands. florida exotic pest plant council newsletter noltie, h. j. 1998. flora of bhutan. volume 3. publisher royal botanic garden publications,. edinburgh ( scheduled for publication schmitz, d. c., d. simberloff, r. h. hofstet


##ie, h. j. 1998. flora of bhutan. volume 3. publisher royal botanic garden publications,. edinburgh ( scheduled for publication schmitz, d. c., d. simberloff, r. h. hofstetter, w. haller, and d. sutton. 1997. the ecological impacts of nonindigenous plants. in simberloff, d., d. c. schmitz, and t. c. brown ( eds. ), strangers in paradise : impact and management of nonindigenous species in florida. island press, washington, dc. 467 pp. swearingen, j. 2009. weedus database of plants invading natural areas in the united states : burma reed ( neyraudia reynaudiana ). http : / / www. invasive. org / weedus / subject. html? sub = 6081. the nature conservancy. neyraudia reynaudiana : element stewardship abstract. in : wildland weeds management & research program, weeds on the web. usda, nrcs. 2009. the plants database ( http : / / plants. usda. gov ). national plant data center, baton rouge, la 70874 - 4490 usa. plant conservation alliance, alien plant working group.


press release 09 - 241 waterworld discovered transiting a nearby star charbonneau team realizes major advance in discovering habitable planets december 16, 2009 view a webcast with astronomer david charbonneau. astronomers announced today that they have discovered a " super - earth " orbiting a red dwarf star only 40 light - years from earth. they found this nearby planet with a small fleet of ground - based telescopes no larger than those many amateur astronomers have in their backyards. although the super - earth is too hot to sustain life, the discovery shows that current, ground - based technologies are capable of finding almost - earth - sized planets in warm, life - friendly orbits. the discovery is being published in the december 17 issue of the journal nature. a super - earth is defined as a planet between one and ten times the mass of the earth. the new - found world, gj1214b, is about 6. 5 times as massive as the earth. its host star, gj1214, is a small, red type m star about one - fifth the size of the sun. it has a surface temperature of only about 4, 900 degrees f and a luminosity only three - thousandths as bright as the sun. gj1214b orbits its star once every 38 hours at a distance of only 1. 3 million miles. astronomers estimate the planet ' s temperature to be about 400 degrees fahrenheit. although warm as an oven, it is still cooler than any other known transiting planet because it orbits a very dim star that emits only about three - thousandths as much energy per second as does the sun. since gj1214b crosses in front of its star, astronomers were able to measure its radius, which is about 2. 7 times that of earth. this makes gj1214b one of the two smallest transiting worlds astronomers have discovered, the other being corot - 7 - b. the resulting density suggests that gj1214b is composed of about three - fourths water and other ices, and one - fourth rock. there are also tantalizing hints that the planet has a gaseous atmosphere. " despite its hot temperature, this appears to be a waterworld, " said zachory berta, a graduate student at the harvard - smithsonian center for astrophysics ( cfa ) who first spotted the hint of the planet among the data. " it is much smaller, cooler, and more earthlike than any other known exoplanet. " berta


graduate student at the harvard - smithsonian center for astrophysics ( cfa ) who first spotted the hint of the planet among the data. " it is much smaller, cooler, and more earthlike than any other known exoplanet. " berta added that some of the planet ' s water should be in the form of exotic materials like ice vii ( seven ) - - a crystalline form of water that exists at pressures greater than 20, 000 times earth ' s sea - level atmosphere. astronomers found the new planet using the mearth ( pronounced " mirth " ) project - - an array of eight identical 16 - inch - diameter rc optical systems telescopes that monitor a pre - selected list of 2, 000 red dwarf stars. each telescope perches on a highly accurate software bisque paramount and funnels light to an apogee u42 charge - coupled device ( ccd ) chip, which many amateurs also use. " since we found the super - earth using a small ground - based telescope, this means that anyone else with a similar telescope and a good ccd camera can detect it too. students around the world can now study this super - earth! " said david charbonneau of cfa, lead author and head of the mearth project. mearth looks for stars that periodically decrease in brightness because planets cross in front of, or transits, their stars. during such a mini - eclipse, the planet blocks a small portion of the star ' s light, making it dimmer. using innovative data processing techniques, astronomers can tease out the telltale signal of a transiting planet and distinguish it from " false positives " such as eclipsing double stars. nasa ' s kepler mission also uses transits to look for earth - sized planets orbiting sun - like stars. however, such systems dim by only one part in ten thousand. the higher precision required to detect these transits means that such worlds can only be found from space. in contrast, a super - earth transiting a small, red dwarf star yields a more pronounced decrease in brightness that can be detected from the ground. astronomers then use instruments like the harps ( high accuracy radial velocity planet searcher ) spectrograph at the european southern observatory to measure the companion ' s mass and confirm it is a planet, as they did with this discovery. when astronomers compared the measured radius of gj1214b to theoretical models, they found that the observed radius exceeds the model ' s prediction, even assuming a pure water planet. something more than the planet ' s


as they did with this discovery. when astronomers compared the measured radius of gj1214b to theoretical models, they found that the observed radius exceeds the model ' s prediction, even assuming a pure water planet. something more than the planet ' s solid surface may be blocking the star ' s light - - specifically, a surrounding atmosphere. the team also notes that, if it has an atmosphere, those gases are almost certainly not primordial. the star ' s heat is gradually boiling off the atmosphere. over the planet ' s lifetime, several billion years, much of the original atmosphere may have been lost. the next step for astronomers is to try to directly detect and characterize the atmosphere, which will require a space - based instrument like nasa ' s hubble space telescope. gj1214b is only 40 light - years from earth, within the reach of current observatories. " since this planet is so close to earth, hubble should be able to detect the atmosphere and determine what it ' s made of, " said charbonneau. " that will make it the first super - earth with a confirmed atmosphere - - even though that atmosphere probably won ' t be hospitable to life as we know it. " " the future for further discovery is bright, " said donald terndrup, program manager in nsf ' s division of astronomical sciences, " because this discovery was made early in the mearth project, there may be many super - earths around cool stars. dr. charbonneau ' s team may also discover strange or unexpected worlds, and this will show us how common or rare earth - like planets truly are, further expanding the frontiers of astronomical science. " lisa - joy zgorski, nsf ( 703 ) 292 - 8311 firstname. lastname @ example. org christine pulliam, harvard - smithsonian center for astrophysics ( 617 ) 495 - 7463 email @ example. com donald terndrup, nsf ( 703 ) 292 - 4901 firstname. lastname @ example. org david charbonneau, harvard - smithsonian center for astrophysics ( 617 ) 496 - 6515 email @ example. com images and movies : / news / longurl. cfm? id = 187 research channel interview with charbonneau about his life ' s work : / news / longurl. cfm? id = 188 david charbonneau : discover magazine ' s scientist of the year : http :


##m? id = 187 research channel interview with charbonneau about his life ' s work : / news / longurl. cfm? id = 188 david charbonneau : discover magazine ' s scientist of the year : http : / / discovermagazine. com / 2007 / dec / scientist /? searchterm = charbonneau david charbonneau, nsf ' s 2009 alan t. waterman awardee release : http : / / www. nsf. gov / news / news _ summ. jsp? cntn _ id = 114304 & org = nsf & from = news nsf and nsb pay tribute to top american scientists, including brief charbonneau statement : http : / / www. nsf. gov / nsb / news / news _ summ. jsp? cntn _ id = 114819 & org = nsf the national science foundation ( nsf ) is an independent federal agency that supports fundamental research and education across all fields of science and engineering. in fiscal year ( fy ) 2012, its budget was $ 7. 0 billion. nsf funds reach all 50 states through grants to nearly 2, 000 colleges, universities and other institutions. each year, nsf receives about 50, 000 competitive requests for funding, and makes about 11, 500 new funding awards. nsf also awards about $ 593 million in professional and service contracts yearly. get news updates by email useful nsf web sites : nsf home page : http : / / www. nsf. gov nsf news : http : / / www. nsf. gov / news / for the news media : http : / / www. nsf. gov / news / newsroom. jsp science and engineering statistics : http : / / www. nsf. gov / statistics / awards searches : http : / / www. nsf. gov / awardsearch /


history of flight use your browsers ' back ' function to return to synopsisreturn to query page on march 19, 2010, about 1910 pacific daylight time, a cirrus sr22, n224gs, collided with trees and terrain during a forced landing following a loss of engine power near morton, washington. the private pilot was operating the airplane under the provisions of 14 code of federal regulations part 91. the airplane was substantially damaged. the pilot was killed and the passenger sustained serious injuries. visual meteorological conditions prevailed and no flight plan was filed. the flight departed from buchanan field airport, concord, california, about 1540, and was destined for renton municipal airport, renton, washington. the safety board investigator - in - charge interviewed the passenger on wednesday, march 24, 2010. the passenger indicated that she and the pilot were returning from a business trip. after fueling the airplane, they departed and began the flight home. the passenger stated that while the airplane was in cruise flight, the pilot suddenly placed his hands on the controls, told her that the engine had lost power, and they were going to land at a nearby airport. he entered a steep right turn toward the airport. the passenger could not recall hearing anything unusual at the time of the event. the pilot remained calm throughout the approach to the airport and reassured the passenger during the descent that they would land safely. the pilot also declared a mayday message and spoke on the radio. the passenger sent a text message to a friend at 1909 indicating that they were not going to make it to the airport. she did not recall anything after this point. the passenger indicated that the pilot had discussed the cirrus airframe parachute system ( caps ) with her prior to the trip and showed her how to activate it in the event of an emergency. the passenger reported that the pilot did not attempt to activate the caps during the flight. audio obtained from prescott afss indicated at 1906 : 51, n224gs transmitted " mayday, mayday, cirrus n4gs " on frequency 121. 5. part of the audio was unintelligible. another aircraft, n999vk responded immediately to the mayday call with “ cirrus on guard this is n999vk ”, then a seattle radio controller responded with “ aircraft calling mayday on 121. 5, seattle radio. " n999vk said “ standby center, 9vk is copying a mayday ”, and then asked n224gs


then a seattle radio controller responded with “ aircraft calling mayday on 121. 5, seattle radio. " n999vk said “ standby center, 9vk is copying a mayday ”, and then asked n224gs to go ahead. n224gs said “ i ’ m west of strom airport, trying to make the field. " n999vk asked n224gs how far he was from the field. no additional transmissions were received from n224gs. prescott afss contacted the local sheriff ' s office. the wreckage was located immediately following the accident approximately 2. 5 miles west - northwest of strom field airport, morton, washington. the pilot, age 39, held a private pilot certificate with an airplane single - engine land rating, and a third - class airman medical certificate issued may 29, 2007, with the limitation that he must wear corrective lenses. copies of the pilot ' s logbook were obtained from his family. the last entry was dated february 21, 2010, and showed a total time logged of 219. 8 hours. in a second earlier logbook provided by the pilot ' s family, the total time logged was 258. 6 hours. based on information obtained from the avionics onboard the airplane, the pilot had flown approximately 11 additional hours in the airplane, for a total flight time of 489. 4 hours. he had flown 13 hours over the past 30 days and 14. 9 hours over the past 90 days. his last flight review was on july 29, 2009. maintenance personnel information director of maintenance the director of maintenance ( dom ) for auburn flight service, the facility that performed the most recent annual inspection on the airplane, was interviewed. he held an aviation maintenance technician certificate with airframe and powerplant ( a & p ) ratings and also held an inspection authorization ( ia ). he had worked as an a & p since 1989, and obtained his ia in october of 1999. he had served as the dom at auburn flight service since october of 2002. the dom ' s normal work schedule consisted of a 40 - hour work week, although he indicated that he was " juggling a lot " between work and personal life. he usually worked between 50 to 60 hours per week with 10 to 11 - hour days. the number of employees he oversaw varied. during high employment periods, he oversaw five to six mechanics. in february of 2010, he employed three mechanics. airframe and powerplant technician with inspection authorization the a & p / ia began