available to help you keep a watchful eye is critical in protecting yourself in the digital world. there are simple precautions that computer, mobile phone and other digital users can take to ensure their safety. do not open emails / attachments from unknown or suspicious sources, nor answer email messages that ask for your personal information. " the widows of nigerian generals desperately seeking your financial assistance and notifications that you ' ve won a european lottery are obvious scams but some email fraud can be much more difficult to distinguish, " says arabinda banerjee, senior vice president of technology infrastructure at a leading bank in tampa, florida and faculty member at argosy university, tampa. " in general, if it seems too good to be true or requires you to send money in to receive a reward, be sure to avoid it. emails with vague but feel - good subject lines like ' congratulations! ' or the name of a friend and the message ' has shared a picture / video ' can be malicious emails, even when apparently sent out by one of your friends. " do an internet search using the term ' scam ' and some of the key words from the message, advises banerjee. if it ' s a known scam, you ' ll likely see it pop up in your search engine results. invest in a good anti - virus software and firewall, the experts suggest. while this will not guarantee 100 percent protection, they will definitely reduce your risk greatly. be sure that any wifi connection you are using to conduct financial business is locked and protected and any stores you are making purchases from are reputable. in addition, be sure to monitor your financial accounts monthly to determine any fraudulent charges and report suspicious activity immediately. change your passwords frequently and create passwords that are difficult to guess. do not use the same id / password in all websites. while keeping track of multiple logins and passwords may be an inconvenience, it ' s a necessary protection against hackers.


[ jahsonic. com ] - [ next > > ] related : ego - individual - person - self consciousness - self medication - self injury - self - referentiality - identity - the total, essential, or particular being of a person ; the individual : an actor ' s instrument is the self ( joan juliet buck ). - the essential qualities distinguishing one person from another ; individuality : he would walk a little first along the southern walls, shed his european self, fully enter this world ( howard kaplan ). - one ' s consciousness of one ' s own being or identity ; the ego : for some of us, the self ' s natural doubts are given in mesmerizing amplification by way of critics ' negative assessments of our writing ( joyce carol oates ). - one ' s own interests, welfare, or advantage : thinking of self alone. - immunology. that which the immune system identifies as belonging to the body : tissues no longer recognized as self. - - american heritage dictionary in philosophy, the self is the idea of a unified being which is the source of an idiosyncratic consciousness. moreover, this self is the agent responsible for the thoughts and actions of an individual to which they are ascribed. it is a substance, which therefore endures through time ; thus, the thoughts and actions at different moments of time may pertain to the same self ( see john locke ' s theory of consciousness as the basis of personal identity ). as the notion of subject, the " self " has been harshly criticized by nietzsche at the end of the 19th century, on behalf of what gilles deleuze would call a " becoming - other ". to another person, the self of one individual is exhibited in the conduct and discourse of that individual. therefore, the intentions of another individual can only be inferred indirectly from something emanating from that individual. the particular characteristics of the self determine its identity. - - http : / / en. wikipedia. org / wiki / self _ % 28philosophy % 29 [ feb 2006 ] the self is a key construct in several schools of psychology. usages differ between theorists and fields of study, but in general the self refers to the conscious, reflective personality of an individual. the study of the self involves significant methodological problems, especially concerning consciousness. some of these are taken up in philosophy of mind and metaphysics. a psychological school of thought focused on the self was originally proposed by heinz kohut ( 1913 - 1981 ).


john mahrer, an immigrant from prague, opened a brewery in nanaimo, a coal mining centre and port that is located north of victoria on vancouver island. when the brewery amalgamated with the union brewery in 1891, mahrer became its manager and master brewer. mahrer was on the nanaimo city council for eight years and belonged to several charitable organizations as well as the city ' s band. john and louise mahrer ' s home and the nanaimo opera house, which john built, were the centres of nanaimo ' s cultural life at the time. a decorative shield is placed over the mantle, symbolizing the breastplate of the high priest of the temple in jerusalem. evelyn toban donated this ornament to congregation schara tzedeck in honour of the ninetieth birthday of harry toban. as schara tzedeck ' s president in the 1940 ' s, harry toban led the synagogue ' s move from heatley street in vancouver ' s east end neighbourhood of strathcona to oak street in fairview neighbourhood, south vancouver. a special menorah with eight lights ( plus an additional one that lights the others ) is used during the holiday of hannukah. hanukiahs come in all shapes, sizes, and materials. the hand, also called a hamsa, is a typical sephardic decorative symbol, meaning protection from the evil eye. this hanukiah is lit using oil and wicks.


188. 688. 01 global sustainability & health seminar students and faculty discuss the causes, consequences, and implications of key global environmental challenges that we are facing and that are likely to become more challenging over time. specifically addresses how land use ( e. g., patterns of urban growth and suburban sprawl ), energy use, food production and distribution, water use, and population growth are causing climate change, ecosystem degradation, biodiversity losses, species extinctions, and other resource depletion, and how all this is in turn is a threat to human health as individuals, in communities, and globally. focuses on discussion and not lectures and will utilize a mix of movies, guest discussants, and student directed discussions. this seminar will prepare students to : 1 ) define the aspects of land use, energy use, food production and distribution, water use, and population growth that contribute to environmental degradation. 2 ) analyze how peak petroleum ( aka " after peak oil " ), political obstacles, economic interests, and federal indebtedness influence how we address these issues. 3 ) define how the " drivers " in # 1 above cause climate change, ecosystem degradation, species losses, biodiversity losses, and other resource depletions. 4 ) begin to develop an analytic framework for how we should address these issues to prevent the major health risks they present. - thursday 12 : 00 - 1 : 20 global environment and public health, 180. 611. 01


caroline apprend a nager elle prend des lecons de in a coordinate plane, the points ( 2, 4 ) and ( 3, - 1 ) are on a line. which of the following must be true? 1. the line crosses the x - axis. 2. the line passes through ( 0, 0 ). 3. the line stays above the x - axis at all times. 4. the line rises from the lower left to the upper right.... x = 2 is that right ms. sue? i will spell algebra correctly from now on thanks for your help. solve the equation 15 ( x + 3 ) = 75 sorry mr. reiny i could not find the page where i had asked the question on sunday when i went back to look, thanks for the link and the answer. please show me step by step how to make a table of solutions for the equation, and then use the table to graph the equation. y = 2x - 1 who was the best president make a table of solutions for the equation, and then use the table to graph the equation. just graph one of them. y = 2x - 1 how do i make one, may i use microsoft excel? sorry mr. reiny, i guess i should of figured that out since you are so smart at doing the math problems. i do not have an option key on my windows 7 keyboard but i bet there is another way i can do the underline thing. thanks again for taking time out of your day to help us ma... thanks reiny, you assumed correct, how did you get the line under the greater than sign? you are a very smart and kind woman to have been such a great help, thanks! for further reading


minnetonka, minn. - - backpacks are lighter this year for ninth graders at minnetonka high school. " i have most of my textbooks in ibooks, " said 9th grader rachel marks. that not only makes her load lighter, marks can highlight text and digitally assemble all of her notes in an ibook, something she can ' t do in a school textbook. it ' s just one aspect of a pilot program minnetonka high school unveiled this year - - to put ipads in the hands of students. " we ' ve long believed in technology as an accelerator of learning, " explained julie carter, executive director of technology for minnetonka public schools. the district has been digitizing its curriculum for the past decade, and was looking for a way to put that information in the hands of students. laptops had drawbacks, including price, so when the ipad came along, minnetonka took notice, and developed a plan that hinged on a key requirement. " identifying a group of students that we could work with to have a controlled experiment where we could see, ' how does the technology change the learning experience for students? ' " said carter. minnetonka started by issuing ipads to half the 9th grade class, and using the other half of the class to compare. teachers quickly noted some changes for the ipad group. " student engagement, " said english teacher sara martinson. " they seem to be more involved in what they are doing. " the district also saw fewer d ' s and f ' s in the ipad group, as well as fewer late and missing assignments. armed with that information, the district proceeded to give ipads to the other half of the ninth grade. now, teachers are incorporating the ipad into daily use. science teacher drew danner says it doesn ' t work for everything, but many applications are proving useful for students, including one that allows students to take tests and have their results recorded in real time. " now they can go back on their practice tests or their quizzes and they can look at, ' hey, i need to work on this certain set of problems, ' " said danner. danner is also able to plug important dates and assignments into students ' google calendars, which they can pull up on their ipads anytime they want. students ' work is saved in " the cloud " so if an ipad should break, or be lost, the work is accessible from any computer or internet device. carter says


golden flowers and solid spines are amongst the features of this beautiful cactus. shipped with pot & special compost for cacti. at present, our english web site version is incomplete, to see all our available plants, go on : cacti are a large family of plants called cactaceae. they are xerophytic plants, that is, they are adapted to dry environments - their tissues have reserves to undergo long droughts without any issue. their habitat goes from the south of the usa to the south of latin america, passing through mexico, a country where cacti are extremely abundant. they grow as much at sea level as high in the mountain, up to 3500 meteres high. recognizing a cactus is not challenging. they usually have a certain density of prickles on their body, placed along an increasing number of ribs. this said, cacti raises very variable shapes - the ball and the column being the most famous. they can also be flattened, climbing or tree - shaped. the spines can be minute and flexiblee, or thick and tough... all the combinations exist. size is another astonishing aspect of cacti. although there are dwarf species - less than 2 cm as adult plants -, most of them become large plants, from tens of centimeters to more than 20 meters high for the tallest cylindrical cacti! in cultivation, such dimensions are rarely attained. before that, the specimens divide, produce plantlets. the cespitose species create large bundles. beautiful in hotpots! finally, a word about their flowering. sometimes tremendously large and disproportionated to the plant itself, cacti flowers are among the most beautiful in the plant kingdom. very vividly coloured, they must attract all the pollinisators around... in wildernesses. insects have to locate them. this is why the flowers somestimes outreach 25 cm in diameter! our selection of cacti is composed of varied plants. their spine systems, colors and shapes makes them attractive. also, they are easy to grow. from the dense white wool of mammillaria bocasana var. multilanata to the pink prickles of echinocereus rubispinus, you will find your bliss! here are the general rules you must follow when growing cacti. for further information about one of the species, please read their specific cards. - full sun to partially shaded sunlight. some species, notably those not having a high spine density, don


here are the general rules you must follow when growing cacti. for further information about one of the species, please read their specific cards. - full sun to partially shaded sunlight. some species, notably those not having a high spine density, don ' t like direct sun. if sunburns appear, put your cactus in a more shadowy place. inside, light is usually too weak. a cactus lacking sunlight quickly languishes. - the temperature must be comprised between 0 and 50°c. don ' t pay attention do it between spring and autumn, but in winter, don ' t let them freeze ( but there are exceptions ). in winter, a cool period - below 15°c - is required for dormancy. it will trigger blooming and enhance growth. - cacti don ' t like to live in a humid atmosphere, especially if it ' s for a long time, and if the air is not brewed. therefore, don ' t grow them in a confined stuffy place. - the soil must be sufficiently draining. use a mix of compost, sand and pozzolana. such a soil is available in our shop here : mix for cactus. - watering is a crucial point. a popular belief says cacti must not be watered, or very rarely and not abundantly in any case. this is utterly wrong. this idea comes from the fact that cacti can live without any water for a long time. indeed, their biology enables them to achieve that. but this is at the detriment of their growth, and of their general health. a well - watered cactus is vigorous and bloms after its dormancy. so, it is necessary to water abundantly in summer, once a week, with calcareous - free water preferably. in spring and autumn, water every 3 weeks or once a month. make sure the soil is completely dry before watering again. in winter, don ' t bring any water. - fertilizer must be brought with parsimony, once a month, in summer. product number : 0 price : 0. 00 € mulhouse ( 68, france ), april 14th and 15th schoppenwihr ( 68, france ), april 28th and 29th nancy ( 54, france ), may 5th and 6th autrey ( 88, france ), may 19th and 20th bezouotte ( 21, france ), may 12th and 13th l ' isle - sur - le - doubs ( 25, france ),


shots - health blog thu november 17, 2011 bird flu research rattles bioterrorism field scientists and security specialists are in the midst of a fierce debate over recent experiments on a strain of bird flu virus that made it more contagious. the big question : should the results be made public? critics say doing so could potentially reveal how to make powerful new bioweapons. the h5n1 virus has been circulating among birds and other animals in recent years. it ' s also infected about 500 people. more than half died. but this dangerous virus has not caused widespread human disease because, so far, sick people haven ' t been very contagious. if the virus evolves to spread as easily between people as seasonal flu, however, it could cause a devastating global pandemic. so in an attempt to stay ahead of h5n1, scientists have been tweaking its genes in the lab to learn more about how this virus works, and what it is capable of. in september, one scientist made a stunning announcement. at a flu conference held in malta, he said he ' d done a lab experiment that resulted in bird flu virus becoming highly contagious between ferrets — the animal model used to study human flu infection. it seemed that just five mutations did the trick. news of the results raised red flags for dr. thomas inglesby, a bioterrorism expert and director of the center for biosecurity of the university of pittsburgh medical center. " it ' s just a bad idea for scientists to turn a lethal virus into a lethal and highly contagious virus. and it ' s a second bad idea for them to publish how they did it so others can copy it, " says inglesby. no science journal has published the information yet. and inglesby hopes none of them do. biology research usually has a culture of openness. scientists report their methods and results so others can repeat their work and learn from it. inglesby agrees that ' s the way to go the vast majority of the time. but not this time. " there are some cases that i think are worth an exception to that otherwise very important scientific principle, " he says. " i can only imagine that the process of deliberating about the publication of these findings is quite serious. " the researcher who presented these findings at the science meeting is virologist ron fouchier, of the erasmus medical center in the netherlands. npr has learned that his work is now under


opium poppy - history originsthe opium poppy was first grown in the western mediterranean, in the region of southern france and italy. there are archaeological finds in that area dating to about 4000 bc. the opium poppy was probably first grown for food. the seed is rich in edible oil - always a precious resource. poppy cultivation spread to central europe and to the aegean by 1000 bc. the opium poppy was not known in ancient mesopotamia, and was probably not known in ancient egypt. however, by roman times opium poppy had spread to egypt. both roman and greek physicians did much to spread knowledge of opium ' s medical uses. the islamic worldopium flourished in the arab world, as in islam opiates were not proscribed in the same way as alcohol. in the 7th century, the islamic cultures of western asia had discovered that the most powerful narcotic and medicinal effects could be obtained by igniting and smoking the poppy ' s congealed juices. the history of opium poppy use is relatively recent in south asia. arab trade and the expanding world of islam are assumed to have introduced knowledge of the opium drug to the indian subcontinent by the 12th century. the first records of its cultivation appear in the 15th century and refer to malwa as a centre of production. the sanskrit words ahiphena and the hindi afin are derived from the arabic word ofyun to denote opium. european impactthe advent of the europeans had a significant impact on the future of the opium poppy in india. by the 16th century the portuguese noted that opium was an article of trade from india. portuguese merchants carried indian opium through macao into china. the dutch now introduced smoking opium in a tobacco pipe to the chinese. under the mughal empire the poppy was extensively grown and became an important article of trade with china and other eastern countries. fine opium was derived from the poppies cultivated in the fertile alluvial plains of the ganges. the narcotic was a favourite of the mughal emperors. by the late 16th century opium was made a state monopoly. with the decline of the mughals the state lost its hold on the monopoly and the production and sale of opium was controlled by merchants in patna. in 1757, the british east india company which had by that time assumed the responsibility for the collection of revenues in bengal and bihar, took over this monopoly. in 1773 the governor - general, warren hastings, brought the whole of the opium trade under the control of the government. | fleet of opium ships sailing up the ganges in the 19th century. | the


bengal and bihar, took over this monopoly. in 1773 the governor - general, warren hastings, brought the whole of the opium trade under the control of the government. | fleet of opium ships sailing up the ganges in the 19th century. | the opium warsin the late 18th century the british east india company was expanding its sphere of influence in india and also looking to redress britain ' s unfavourable balance of trade with china. the chinese had become addicted to opium consumption ; the imperial court had banned its use and import, but large quantities were still being smuggled into the country. india was an economy rich with cotton and raw silk and agricultural products for exports such as sugar cane, indigo and opium. the mughal empire had given it a stable framework for trade, and after their decline the british began to profit from its circumstances. to facilitate profitable export to china and cheap import to britain, vast tracts of land were given over to poppy cultivation and by the 1790s the east india company had the monopoly of the opium trade. the poppy growing was mostly confined to three centres : patna opium from bihar, benaras opium from uttar pradesh and malwa opium from central india. the chinese authorities attempted to suppress the smuggling of opium which was debilitating the country and reversing its formerly favourable balance of trade. their confiscation and destruction of illegal opium sparked the first opium war in 1839. british warships defeated the chinese who signed the treaty of nanking paying a huge indemnity and ceding hong kong to the british. a second opium war was fought in 1856 when the french and british combined to bring the chinese to heel and opium import in china was thus legalised. not until 1910 did the opium trade between china and india cease.


in kansas and throughout the northern midcontinent area, excepting parts of oklahoma and arkansas, definition of the lower limit of pennsylvanian rocks is one of the most evident in the rock succession ( fig. 3 ). not only are the types of sedimentary rocks on opposite sides of the boundary very dissimilar generally, but there is evidence of pre - pennsylvanian erosion of the underlying strata and varyingly prolonged break in sedimentation. the basal pennsylvanian rocks rest on different parts of the mississippian succession, from high in the system down to the bottom - most beds, and at many places, both at the outcrop in missouri and in the subsurface of kansas and nebraska, the pennsylvanian overlaps on to pre - mississippian rocks. the oldest pennsylvanian deposits in most of this territory are clearly much younger than rocks classed as belonging to the system elsewhere. accordingly, there is no problem in marking the base of pennsylvanian strata in the kansas region. figure 3. diagrammatic east - west section of rocks in kansas showing prominent unconformity at base of the pennsylvanian system. the section, drawn on the base of the kansas city group as a datum, shows essential conformity of succession from pennsylvanian into permian parts of the section. ( after moore, am. assoc. petroleum geologists ; data from section by betty kellett, kansas geol. soc., 1932. ) a larger version of this figure is available. definition of the boundary between rocks classed as pennsylvanian and permian in the kansas region has led to much debate and disagreement. ulrich ( 1911, p. 376, pl. 26 ) proposed to avoid the difficulty by not recognizing permian at all and by defining as pennsylvanian all of the rocks between mississippian and triassic. this procedure might be defended on the basis of the stratigraphic succession in the midcontinent area, but it is evidently unsuited to world - wide application. because beds having pennsylvanian and permian fossils lie parallel and are seemingly conformable in kansas and adjoining states, attempts to define the base of the permian in this area have been based chiefly on study of fossils. consideration has been given also to lithologic features and the desirability of selecting a convenient cartographic datum. judgment has been generally expressed that any adopted boundary is measurably arbitrary. the general tendency during the 90 years since permian deposits were first recognized in kansas and in north america as a whole has been to lower


a convenient cartographic datum. judgment has been generally expressed that any adopted boundary is measurably arbitrary. the general tendency during the 90 years since permian deposits were first recognized in kansas and in north america as a whole has been to lower the boundary farther and farther ( fig. 4 ). figure 4. placement of the pennsylvanian - permian boundary in kansas. asterisks denote papers in which special consideration is given to the problem of stratigraphic classification. ( after moore, am. assoc. petroleum geologists. ) mainly on account of the first appearance of the presumed permian guide fossils callipteris conferta and other plants at the horizon of the wreford limestone in central kansas, the lower permian boundary was drawn at the base of the wreford limestone by adams, girty, & white ( 1903 ), prosser ( 1902, 1905 ), haworth & bennett ( 1008 ), and others. owing, however, to the very evident lithologic and faunal similarity of beds extending for a considerable distance below and above the wreford limestone, the base of the cottonwood limestone, about 125 feet below the wreford, originally chosen by prosser ( 1895 ) as the basal boundary of the permian, came later to be adopted generally. one reason for selection of this line seems to have been the fact that the cottonwood is a persistent and distinctive stratigraphic datum that at a relatively early date had been traced entirely across kansas into nebraska and oklahoma. on the basis of discovery of species of " schwagerina " ( pseudoschwagerina ) in the neva limestone, about 40 feet below the cottonwood limestone, beede & kniker ( 1925 ) judged that the base of the permian should be lowered to the base of the neva limestone. this conclusion was reached from an extensive examination of paleontological characters in russian and other sections of the world, from which it appeared that the zone of " schwagerina " marks the introduction of marine faunas which are considered generally characteristic of permian time. one of the distinctive fusulinids of the lower permian, as previously defined in kansas, is " pseudofusulina " ( paraschwagerina ). because this fossil and various other invertebrates which are typical of lower permian as previously defined range downward to the americus limestone, 150 feet below the cottonwood limestone, and because lithologic features of beds


paraschwagerina ). because this fossil and various other invertebrates which are typical of lower permian as previously defined range downward to the americus limestone, 150 feet below the cottonwood limestone, and because lithologic features of beds below the cottonwood to a horizon at least as low as the americus are much more closely similar to overlying beds than to those of the wabaunsee group, below, moore ( 1932 ) concluded that if the cottonwood and neva are classifiable as permian, the lower boundary of the permian rocks in kansas should be placed at least as low as the base of the americus limestone. placement of the pennsylvanian - permian boundary at this horizon had previously been proposed by beede ( 1909, 1914 ) ( fig. 4 ). in the course of detailed stratigraphic studies and mapping of beds belonging below the americus, evidence of the existence of a stratigraphic break comparable to the disconformities which separate the desmoinesian, missourian, and virgilian divisions of the pennsylvanian system, was discovered and traced from southeastern nebraska to northern oklahoma ( moore & moss, 1934 ). this disconformity belongs just above the brownville limestone but in places depressions are carved into upper wabaunsee strata reaching more than 100 feet below the horizon of the brownville. work by newell and others in oklahoma indicates that the horizons of this disconformity can be followed southward to the vicinity of the arbuckle mountains. accordingly, this boundary, about 275 feet below the cottonwood limestone, has been designated as the line of division between pennsylvanian and permian ( moore, elias & newell, 1934 ). evidence supporting the definition of this line as the lower boundary of rocks classed as permian in the northern midcontinent area lies in conditions observed in western texas where wolfcampian beds, containing " pseudoschwagerina " and " pseudofusulina ", rest with strong angular unconformity on upper pennsylvanian beds ( king, 1934 ). a detailed review of the fluctuating placement of the pennsylvanian - permian boundary in the kansas region and in the north - central texas and trans - pecos texas areas has been published by moore ( 1940 ) ( fig. 4 ). since the revision based on finding the disconformity just above the brownville limestone, the pennsylvanian - permian boundary has been drawn uniformly by geologists of kansas, nebraska, and


this small little bird about the size of a chicken has somehow managed to significantly grow in popularity in the recent years. i am talking about the kiwi bird, the flightless bird that has become a symbol and nickname for new zealanders all over the world. these birds are unusual and have certain characteristics that are not very common, like being nocturnal, having nostrils at the end of their beaks, and having an extremely developed sense of smell that enables them to detect food. they are also quite strange because they lay the largest egg in relation to their body size of any bird species worldwide. they are also cute and fuzzy, which has led to many people wanting to have one as a pet. while keeping kiwi birds as pets is not a great idea, there are other ways in which you can have one : making a pompom kiwi craft that you can take anywhere with you is a start! not to mention how much fun will you have by making it. in order to make an adorable pompom kiwi, you will need an orange craft foam, such as sticky back foam. however, ordinary foam and glue works just as good. you will also need wiggle eyes and, naturally, glue. you should start by cutting two feet shape from the orange foam, which you should then stick to the pompom so they act as a base. then, you need to glue a triangle of orange foam that will serve as the eyes. you also need to glue to wiggle eyes to the front of the pompom and there you go! now you have your own kiwi toy. if your children love the kiwi bird, not only can you make them a pompom craft, but you can also download and print kiwi posters that they can put in the room. with the internet being at the tip of your fingers, finding such printables is very easy. once you go online, you will come across kiwi posers, booklets, animal jigsaws, posters, writing paper, coloring pages, and even frames. your children will be extremely happy with their brand new, customized school items. this will also give them the chance to learn more about the kiwi bird and maybe raise awareness among children regarding the importance of protecting this bird. they need to understand that the kiwi bird is endangered, so they cannot keep one as a pet. instead, they can play with their pompom kiwi craft all they want!


the snowy owl ( bubo scandiacus ) is a large owl of the typical owl family strigidae. the snowy owl was first classified in 1758 by carolus linnaeus, the swedish naturalist who developed binomial nomenclature to classify and organize plants and animals. the bird is also known in north america as the arctic owl or the great white owl. until recently, it was regarded as the sole member of a distinct genus, as nyctea scandiaca, but mtdna cytochrome b sequence data ( olsen et al. 2002 ) shows that it is very closely related to the horned owls in the genus bubo. typical female, korkeasaari ( finland ) this yellow - eyed, black billed white bird is easily recognizable. it is 53 - 65 cm ( 20 - 26 inches ) long with a 125 - 150 cm ( 50 - 60 in ) wingspan. also, these birds can weigh anywhere from 1. 8 - 3 kg ( 3. 5 - 6. 6 lbs ). the adult male is virtually pure white, but females and young birds have some dark scalloping ; the young are heavily barred, and dark spotting may even be predominate. its thick plumage, heavily - feathered feet, and coloration render the snowy owl well - adapted for life north of the arctic circle. snowy owl calls are varied, but the alarm call is a barking, almost quacking krek - krek - krek - krek ; the female also has a softer mewling pyee - pyee - pyee - pyee or prek - prek - prek. the song is a deep repeated gawh. they may also clap their beak in response to threats or annoyances. while called clapping, it is believed this sound may actually be a clicking of the tongue, not the beak. young owl on the tundra at barrow alaska the snowy owl is typically found in the northern circumpolar region, where it makes its summer home north of latitude 60 degrees north. however, it is a particularly nomadic bird, and because population fluctuations in its prey species can force it to relocate, it has been known to breed at more southerly latitudes. during the last ice age, there was a central european paleosubspecies of this bird, bubo scandiacus gallicus, but no modern subspecies are recognized. this species of owl nests on the ground, building a scrape on top of a mound or boulder. a site with good visibility, ready access


##species of this bird, bubo scandiacus gallicus, but no modern subspecies are recognized. this species of owl nests on the ground, building a scrape on top of a mound or boulder. a site with good visibility, ready access to hunting areas, and a lack of snow is chosen. gravel bars and abandoned eagle nests may be used. breeding occurs in may, and depending on the amount of prey available, clutch sizes range from 5 to 14 eggs, which are laid singly, approximately every other day over the course of several days. hatching takes place approximately five weeks after laying, and the pure white young are cared for by both parents. both the male and the female defend the nest with their young from predators. some individuals stay on the breeding grounds while others migrate. snowy owls winter south through canada and northernmost eurasia, with irruptions occurring further south in some years. they have been reported as far south as texas, georgia, the american gulf states, southern russia, northern china and even the caribbean. between 1967 and 1975, snowy owls bred on the remote island of fetlar in the shetland isles north of scotland, uk. females summered as recently as 1993, but their status in the british isles is now that of a rare winter visitor to shetland, the outer hebrides and the cairngorms. hunting and diet this powerful bird relies primarily on lemmings and other rodents for food, but at times of low prey density, or during the ptarmigan nesting period, they may switch to juvenile ptarmigan. as opportunistic hunters, they feed on a wide variety of small mammals and birds such as meadow voles and deer mice, but will take advantage of larger prey, frequently following traplines to find food. some of the larger mammal prey includes mice, hares, muskrats, marmots, squirrels, rabbits, prairie dogs, rats, moles, and entrapped furbearers. birds include ptarmigan, ducks, geese, shorebirds, ring - necked pheasants, grouse, american coots, grebes, gulls, songbirds, and short - eared owls. snowy owls are also known to eat fish and carrion. most of the owls ' hunting is done in the " sit and wait " style ; prey may be captured on the ground, in the air or fish may be snatched off the surface of bodies of water using their sharp talons. each bird must capture roughly 7


the owls ' hunting is done in the " sit and wait " style ; prey may be captured on the ground, in the air or fish may be snatched off the surface of bodies of water using their sharp talons. each bird must capture roughly 7 to 12 mice per day to meet its food requirement and can eat more than 1, 600 lemmings per year. snowy owls, like many other birds, swallow their small prey whole. strong stomach juices digest the flesh and the indigestible bones, teeth, fur, and feathers are compacted into oval pellets that the bird regurgitates 18 to 24 hours after feeding. regurgitation often takes place at regular perches, where dozens of pellets may be found. biologists frequently examine these pellets to determine the quantity and types of prey the birds have eaten. when large prey are eaten in small pieces, pellets will not be produced. though snowy owls have few predators, the adults are very watchful and well equipped to defend against any kind of threats towards them or their offspring. during the nesting season the owls face arctic foxes and swift - flying jaegers and must be very careful not to leave their eggs unattended. environmental conditions also cause local threats of food shortages, but their ability to be mobile permits them to move to areas were supplies may be more sufficient. human activities probably pose the greatest danger to these birds, through collisions with power lines, fences, automobiles, or other structures that impose on their natural habitat. now, canadian provincial and territorial regulations have introduced prohibitions of killing of these birds in all parts of canada, where they are most abundant, but the owls are still used for certain study programs. this species is an extremely important component to the food web in the tundra ecosystem and during its visits to the south, the snowy owl may play a useful role in the natural control of rodents in agricultural regions. in popular culture - steve ( voiced by jonathan katz ), the therapist who helps jimmy the penguin with his love life in farce of the penguins is a snowy owl. - the o rly? owl is a snowy owl. - in the 1994 film, dumb and dumber, lloyd christmas ( jim carrey ) accidentally kills an icelandic snowy owl with the cork of a bottle by launching it. - the snowy owl is the official bird of quebec. - the snowy owl was depicted on the 1986 series canadian $ 50 note. - a snowy white owl named " gamma " is the mascot of the fraternity phi gamma


of a bottle by launching it. - the snowy owl is the official bird of quebec. - the snowy owl was depicted on the 1986 series canadian $ 50 note. - a snowy white owl named " gamma " is the mascot of the fraternity phi gamma delta. - the snowy owl is a familiar in the popular online game, kingdom of loathing. - in the harry potter series by j. k. rowling, harry ' s owl, hedwig, is a snowy owl. - although female, hedwig is played by a male owl in the harry potter movies because males are more thoroughly white, lacking the barring of females. - queen siv ' s servant myrrthe from the " guardians of ga ' hoole " book series was a snowy owl. so were borron and barran, madame plonk, and the rogue smith of silverveil. - a snowy owl is the logo of the cigar brand white owl. - the inuit name for the snowy owl is " ookpik ", " okpik " or " ukpik " - okpik, a cold - weather adventure program for the boy scouts of america - abe okpik, an inuvialuit who was instrumental in helping inuit obtain surnames - the snowy owl is one of many animals featured in the 2002 game impossible creatures - a snowy owl is featured prominently on the cover painting of canadian rock band rush ' s 1975 album fly by night. a live owl appears on the cover of rush ' s 1981 live album exit... stage left, referencing fly by night.


ganglion ( gang - lee - on ) cysts are the most common type of soft tissue mass that form under your skin. most commonly, ganglions are seen on the backside of the wrist and fingers, but they can also develop on your shoulder, elbow, and knee. ganglions form when tissues surrounding certain joints become inflamed and swell up with lubricating fluid. in some cases, cysts can increase in size when the tissue is irritated and often can disappear spontaneously. although these masses, which can be painful or painless, sometimes grow, they ' re not tumors or cancerous. the cause of ganglions is not always clear, however, conditions such as rheumatoid ( rue - mah - toyd ) arthritis ( arth - rye - tis ) have been associated with these cysts. occupational factors can also play a role in the development of ganglions. those occupations that require you to overuse certain joints, such as your wrist and fingers, pose a risk for developing ganglion cysts. a physician recognizes most ganglion cysts during physical examinations, but sometimes x - rays are used to confirm the diagnosis. a procedure called ' aspiration, ' or the draining of the contents of the cyst, may be required to distinguish the differences from other causes of swelling. other treatments for cysts can consist of rest or splinting the affected joint. if the cyst continues to reoccur, a surgeon can remove it.


a hotlist of lincoln links an internet hotlist on lincoln links created by web master, mrs. matherly lincoln elementary school | social studies lincoln elementary school students enjoy exploring the internet. their teachers create new and interesting projects using several links. the links below are a preview of some of the links used by students. please email me if any of the links are broken or are unavailable. the internet resources - america ' s story - meet amazing americans, jump back in time, explore the states, join america at play, see, hear and sing - be fire smart - - carolyn lesser home page - learn about author carolyn lesser, who will be visiting clinton schools in october. - earth day - funschool - - earth day - pbs kids - - earth day - primary games - - earth day - the kidz page celebration for the kids - - fire prevention activities for kids - - get netwise - internet safety tips for parents and kids. - gettysburg address live webcast - to honor abraham lincoln ' s 200th birthday! - harvest day - corn facts and fun websites - - helpful games - educational games for children in school welcome to helpfulgames! we have educational games that kids at school think are fun while they learn their skills. learning should be fun! choose a category from below for suggestions on fun and helpful games for children in elementary school. - internet saftey quiz - - mouse practice links - - mr. anker ' s tests for 3rd grade - activities for math, reading, language, etc - mr. ankers tests for 2nd grade - activities for math, reading, language, etc - qtopia - mrs. campbell ' s class - qtopia is an online learning platform that offers thousands of ready - to - use activities, motivating games, avatar features, online homework access with automatic grading, in - classroom review modes, and the ability for educators to use ' as is ' or completely customize the learning experience - sample practice isat tests for students - - spelinng city - - spelling city - dolch site words - - spelling city - mrs. bostic - - spelling city - mrs. donaldson ' s class - - spelling city - mrs. howell ' s class - - spelling city - stith ' s class - - welcome to the web. - learn about the internet, how to use it, web browsers and more. - 50 states - - abraham lincoln online. org - great information about our 16th president. includes photo tours of lincoln places, quiz, frequently asked questions


the web. - learn about the internet, how to use it, web browsers and more. - 50 states - - abraham lincoln online. org - great information about our 16th president. includes photo tours of lincoln places, quiz, frequently asked questions by students, speeches, current events about lincoln preservation. - all about world geography - - american memory timeline - this timeline covers important events in american history. beginning with the establishing of our country going through to the nation after world war ii. - at home in the heartland - learn what it was like to live in illinois during the 1700s, 1800s, and early 1900s. - aviation - - ben ' s guide to u. s. government for kids - great site to learn about our government through games, photos, activities. - children ' s encyclopedia of women - excellent biographies with pictures, timeline, important dates in women ' s history and research sources. created by third and fourth grade students at pocantico hills school in sleepy hollow, ny. - daniel boone - - france - - firstgov for kids - this site provides links to federal kids ' sites along with some of the best kids ' sites from other organizations all grouped by subject. great information and interactive games! - geo spy - - henry ford and model t - - houghton mifflin harcourt textbooks - social studies - - illinois facts - - illinois state informaton - - interactive maps - - kids web japan - lots of information about japan. - lewis and clark - go west across america with lewis and clark - lewis and clark trail - travel the trail - louisiana purchase - - martin luther king biography - - martin luther king scavenger hunt - - martin luther king speeches - - mcgraw - hill time links - communities - - multimedia biographies - excellent site from hartcourt school - nces - search for schools, colleges, and libraries - - net state. com - information on the state symbols, flags, state almanacks and more. - pioneers - learn about the pioneer life - test your geography knowledge - geography quizzes - time for kids - - u. s. interactive maps - - westward expansion - learn about the westward expansion - white house 101 - our presidents, fun facts, first pets - a hotlist on search engines - student safe search engines. - brain pop jr. - this website has science, math, reading & writing, social studies, health, and games. - discovery channel puzzlemaker - when printing your puzzle go to file, click print, and click on pages from 1 to 1, then


pop jr. - this website has science, math, reading & writing, social studies, health, and games. - discovery channel puzzlemaker - when printing your puzzle go to file, click print, and click on pages from 1 to 1, then you may print by clicking ok. - discovery school for kids - links, current events, and more. - edmodo - - enchanted learning - excellent site for information - google - - groundhog day - activities for groundhog day - harcourt school - this site contains great activities to go along with your science book. also awesome activities in math and social science. - houghton mifflin harcourt textbooks - choose your textbook and subject : reading / language arts ; mathematics, science, social science and spelling - interactive white board activites - - learn to read - - macmillan / macgraw - hill textbooks - choose your textbook and subject : math, reading, language arts, social studies, and science - microsoft office online clip art - great for power point projects!! - online encyclopedia - - rebecca sitton spelling activities 3rd grade - - rebecca sitton spelling activities - 2nd grade - - scholastic computer lab favorites - 50 one - step learning activities - 15 - 30 minutes each - scoot pad - scootpad is the ultimate way to master math and reading skills. self - paced and personalized practice keeps kids engaged & challenged. - the scholastic network - where children love to learn and learn to grow. - topmarks education - teaching resources, interactive resources, worksheets, homework exam and revision help. great site!! - web school - variety of activities and subjects. - world almanac for kids - great web site to learn about the world, our nation, and our states. - yahooligans - - a - z animals - great site to get facts for animals. - all about frogs - - animal classification hangman game - - ant facts - - ant research - - build - a - prairie - great interactive website - dinosaur links - - dinosaur times - explore the era of dinosaurs and organize them into appropriate time periods - dinosaurs - lots of information on dinosaurs and fun games to play. - dinosaurs information - - division to multiply - great site to learn about mitosis. - enature ; the national audobon society - this site contains comprehensive information on animals, insects, habitats, plants, and more. great site for those mammal or insect reports. - earth day activities - games and activities for earth day - ecosystem information - - edupic graphical resource -


society - this site contains comprehensive information on animals, insects, habitats, plants, and more. great site for those mammal or insect reports. - earth day activities - games and activities for earth day - ecosystem information - - edupic graphical resource - information and pictures of flower, plant, plant cell, simple machines, etc. - enchanted learning - - forces and magnets - - grade 2 dinosaur webquest - - kids astronomy - planet research - kids health for kids - very good information explaining health issues to children. also learn about the systems of the body. - living things - - natural history notebooks - - nutrition cafe - where nutrition info is fun! - ocean oasis field guide - photos, information about marine life and plants. - penguins - - penguins around the world - - puffins - - recycle city - great site to learn about recycling through games, activities, and information. - skeletal system - - solar system - information on the nine planets - steve spangler science experiments - - the learning planet - various learning games for kids. - the weather channel - find up - to - date weather information for the local area or somewhere you are interested. - uncover lizards and snakes - learn the story of squamates and reptiles in this science explorations unit - weather concentration - - weather wiz kids - this website is especially for kids to allow them to learn more about the fascinating world of weather. - who zoo - list of animals with facts and pictures. - who zoo wild - list of animals with facts and pictures. - abcya. com - abcya. com is the leader in free educational kids computer games and activities for elementary students to learn on the web. all children ' s educational computer activities were created or approved by certified school teachers. all educational games are free and are modeled from primary grade lessons and enhanced to provide an interactive way for children to learn. grade level lessons incorporate areas such as math and language arts while introducing basic computer skills. - bang on time - read the time in words and then stop the clock when the hands are in the matching position. - basketmath interactive - this site has practice in many different areas of math. - cool math - great website for games! - counting money hotlist - - draggable math - a great program to use on the starboard! - fractions - list of fraction websites - fun 4 the brain - lots of fun activities for math. addition, subtraction, etc. - fun brain measurement activity - learn more about measures. - funbrain


to use on the starboard! - fractions - list of fraction websites - fun 4 the brain - lots of fun activities for math. addition, subtraction, etc. - fun brain measurement activity - learn more about measures. - funbrain - - geometric shapes and tanagrams - - geometry - 2nd grade - egames - robopacker - geometry - interactive tangrams - - geometry - perimeter and area - - geometry - symmetry - level 3 - volume1 - - geometry - tanagrams - - geometry - 2nd grade - icy slides, flips, and turns - home school math - great activities for area and perimeter. - ixl - 3rd grade math skills - numbers and comparing, place value, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, fractions, graphs, measurement, etc. - ixl - math practice site - practice makes perfect, and ixl makes math practice fun. with unlimited math questions in more than 1, 000 topics, students improve their skills and confidence and always have new challenges to meet. - interactive clock - mrs. jenkins found this website! - lemonade stand ii - - map math - - math facts - - math play - at math play you can find a wide variety of fun games that you can play online. most games are suitable for elementary and middle grades. they are organized by grade level, content, and game type. - math word problems - - math - grade 2 - addition, subtraction and multiplication - mr. wolf ' s interactive math games - - multiplication quizzes online - - multiplication. com - this site contains the techniques, tips, and secrets used by master teachers! - place value activities - - primary games - math - - robo packer game - - shodor interactivate - interactive activies in math and science - stop the clock five - army time - drag the five digital times to the correct analog clock. then press stop the clock to record your time. - stop the clock three - drag the five digital times to the correct analog clock. then press stop the clock to record your time. - think central math - - virtual manipulatives : fraction tiles - fraction tiles are a good way for students to explore and understand how parts make up a whole. teachers and parents can utilize this resource when giving a lesson on fractions with students. content by web master, mrs. matherly, kmatherly @ cusd15. k12. il. us last revised fri apr 19 6 : 56 : 26


systemic lupus erythematosus ( sle ) lupus erythematosus ( le ) is a disorder that may involve only the skin ( cutaneous le ), or it may involve many parts of the body, including the kidneys ( systemic le, also known as sle ). sle affects people of all ages. females are affected more often than males. young women represent a large group of sle sufferers. the cause of sle is not clearly understood. an abnormal immune system from genetic and / or environmental factors may be responsible. kidney involvement is significant in sle, but not all patients suffer from it. the extent to which the kidneys are affected by sle is variable and involvement may also change over time. kidney involvement is not always serious. only one in five cases is severe. sle symptoms and signs of kidney involvement there are many different symptoms of sle. common ones include joint pain and swelling, skin rashes, fever, and also signs of kidney involvement. kidney involvement may be detected with urine testing, e. g. protein in the urine. on other occasions, it may be discovered because of swelling or high blood pressure. sometimes, it may present itself in abnormal blood tests during follow - up. symptoms of kidney failure occur in the later stages of kidney damage. unfortunately, the degree of kidney disease may be more advanced than is apparent from the other signs of sle. available treatments for sle kidney disease treatment depends on the degree of damage. your doctor may need to determine this with tests including urine, blood, or even with a kidney biopsy. in mild cases, treatment may be the same as for those patients with sle who do not have kidney disease. however, in more severe cases, treatment with drugs like prednisone, azathioprine, or cyclophosphamide may be required. if blood pressure becomes high, then medication for high blood pressure is important. if the kidneys fail, then dialysis or a kidney transplant are treatments that are available. a transplanted kidney is seldom affected by sle. with treatment, the outlook for sle patients with kidney problems improves over the years. even serious cases may improve, become stable, or be cured, although monitoring must continue to detect flare - ups of the disease. pregnancy and sle kidney disease pregnancy is an important question for young women with sle kidney disease. before pregnancy is considered, you should consult your doctor. your doctor will discuss with you the risks involved, taking


scientists have discovered ancient pockets of water, which have been isolated deep underground for billions of years and contain abundant chemicals known to support life. scientists have developed a new valve — made from zirconia — used to restore vocal function for patients with throat cancer. it lasts eight times longer than silicone valves. a new design tool interprets hand gestures, enabling designers and artists to create and modify three - dimensional shapes using only their hands as a " natural user interface " instead of keyboard and mouse. carbon aerogels can absorb organic solvents and oils up to 106 to 312 times its own weight because of its high porosity and hydrophobility. this makes it an ideal candidate for cleaning up oil spills. scientists have reported the development of an “ exceptionally ” effective new retardant that works in two ways and appears to be safer and more environmentally friendly. announcements at google ' s sixth annual conference for software developers included new features for online games, maps and search, a new music - streaming service and enhancements to its google plus social network, including tools for sharing and enhancing photos. engineers have combined layers of flexible materials into pressure sensors to create a wearable heart monitor thinner than a dollar bill. researchers have found that the key to purple bacteria ’ s light - harvesting prowess lies in highly symmetrical molecules. colorful vegetables are promoted as key to a healthy diet, but white vegetables, especially potatoes, shouldn ' t be forgotten. the navy, for the first time, launched an unmanned aircraft the size of a fighter jet from a warship in the atlantic ocean. a surprising new report questions public health efforts to get americans to sharply cut back on salt, saying it ' s not clear whether eating super - low levels is worth the struggle. a new report assesses the state of high - field magnet science, engineering and technology in the u. s. and finds it very strong. tuber processing giant j. r. simplot co. asked the u. s. government to approve five varieties of biotech potatoes that resist browning and are designed to produce lower levels of potentially cancer - causing acrylamide when fried. nanometer - scale alloys possess the ability to emit light so brightly they could have potential applications in medicine. researchers are considering the brain ’ s superior ability to send electrical signals along massively parallel channels : if a supercomputer was like a brain it would learn, adapt, hypothesize and then suggest answers.


right of privacy : access to personal information the right of privacy has evolved to protect the ability of individuals to determine what sort of information about themselves is collected, and how that information is used. most commercial websites utilize " cookies, " as well as forms, to collect information from visitors such as name, address, email, demographic info, social security number, ip address, and financial information. in many cases, this information is then provided to third parties for marketing purposes. other entities, such as the federal government and financial institutions, also collect personal information. the threats of fraud and identity theft created by this flow of personal information have been an impetus for right of privacy legislation requiring disclosure of information collection practices, opt - out opportunities, as well as internal protections of collected information. however, such requirements have yet to reach all segments of the marketplace. 15 u. s. c. § 45 charges the federal trade commission ( ftc ) with preventing " unfair methods of competition in or affecting commerce and unfair or deceptive acts or practices in or affecting commerce. " in matters of privacy, the ftc ' s role is one of enforcing privacy promises made in the marketplace. several additional laws form the foundation on which the ftc carries out this charge : the privacy act of 1974 ( 5 u. s. c. § 552a ), the gramm - leach - bliley act ( 15 u. s. c. § § 6801 - 6809 ), the fair credit reporting act ( 15 u. s. c. § 1681 et seq. ), and the children ' s online privacy protection act ( 15 u. s. c. § § 6501 - 6506 ). the privacy act of 1974 ( 5 u. s. c. § 552a ) protects personal information held by the federal government by preventing unauthorized disclosures of such information. individuals also have the right to review such information, request corrections, and be informed of any disclosures. the freedom of information act facilitates these processes. the fair credit reporting act ( 15 u. s. c. § 1681 et seq. ) protects personal financial information collected by consumer reporting agencies. the act limits those who can access such infomation, and subsequent amendments have simplified the process by which consumers can obtain and correct the information collected about themselves. the ftc also actively enforces prohibitions on fraudulently obtaining personal financial information, a crime known as " pretexting. " the children ' s online privacy protection act ( 15 u. s.


obtain and correct the information collected about themselves. the ftc also actively enforces prohibitions on fraudulently obtaining personal financial information, a crime known as " pretexting. " the children ' s online privacy protection act ( 15 u. s. c. § § 6501 - 6506 ) allows parents to control what information is collected about their child ( younger than 13 years old ) online. operators of websites that either target children or knowingly collect personal information from children are required to post privacy policies, obtain parental consent before collecting information from children, allow parents to determine how such information is used, and provide the option to parents to opt - out of future collection from their child. however, despite the rights described above, other participants in the marketplace are not bound by law to develop similar protections and disclosure practices. rather, in the remainder of the marketplace, the ftc encourages a voluntary regime of protecting consumer privacy. in two reports to congress ( 1998, 2000 ) though, the ftc found that most sites falling outside of the jurisdiction of the established right of privacy laws do not adequately inform consumers about collection practices, nor do the majority of sites adequately protect the privacy of visitors ' personal information. it appears that the voluntary regime is insufficient, and the prospect of further right of privacy legislation in the area of access to personal information is very real.


introduction for the teacher to prepare yourself spiritually to teach this lesson, please read and ponder the following : the holy ghost is a member of the godhead, along with heavenly father and jesus christ. he is a personage of spirit ( see d & c 130 : 22 ). the mission of the holy ghost is to testify of the father and the son and of the truth of all things ( see 3 nephi 11 : 36 ; moroni 10 : 5 ). he can also guide us to make righteous choices and comfort us ( see d & c 31 : 11 ). the way the holy ghost speaks to us is described in the scriptures as a “ still small voice ” ( see 1 kings 19 : 11 – 12 ). begin with a gathering activity. for ideas, see page 3. invite a child to give the opening prayer. tell the children that you are going to sing a song about heavenly father. sing or say the words to the first verse of invite the children to say “ spirit. ” tell them that another name for the spirit of god is the holy ghost. invite the children to say “ holy ghost. ” explain that the holy ghost helps us know that heavenly father loves us. tell the children that when we do what is right, the holy ghost helps us know we made a good choice. invite the children to join you as you role - play doing things that are right. for example : it ’ s the right thing to go to church. let ’ s pretend to walk to church ( swing arms as you walk in a circle ). repeat with other examples, such as sharing a toy, helping mother sweep the floor, and so on. explain that the holy ghost can also help us when we are afraid. tell the following story : one day there was a bad storm outside david ’ s house. there was loud thunder ( have children cover their ears ) and lots of wind ( have children blow to mimic the wind ) and rain ( have children mimic the rain with their fingers ). david was afraid. his mother told him that when she is afraid she prays to heavenly father ( show the picture on page 30 ). david and his mother prayed that heavenly father would keep them safe. then david felt safe and happy. his mother said that heavenly father had sent the holy ghost to give him those feelings so he wouldn ’ t be afraid. invite the children to say “ holy ghost. ” share your testimony of the holy ghost. this could include a simple, brief experience from your own life when you were guided


the holy ghost to give him those feelings so he wouldn ’ t be afraid. invite the children to say “ holy ghost. ” share your testimony of the holy ghost. this could include a simple, brief experience from your own life when you were guided by the holy ghost. invite a child to give the closing prayer. for the illustration activity : copy the illustration on page 31 for each child. for the cube game : copy the illustration on page 31 and color it if desired. cut along the solid lines and fold along the dotted lines. tape or glue the tabs to make a cube. form a circle with the children and recite the following activity verse : tell the children that jesus taught in the scriptures that the holy ghost will teach us. open the bible to john 14 : 26 and read, “ the holy ghost … shall teach you all things. ” invite the children to repeat the phrase with you, a few words at a time. display the illustration on page 31 and give each child a copy of the illustration. point to the picture of the church building and explain that the holy ghost helps us know that going to church is the right thing to do. invite the children to point to the church building on their copies. repeat for the other illustrations. roll the cube you made. read the caption on the top of the cube, and have the children repeat it with you. then have the children do some simple actions to go with the picture. when the side with the words “ the holy ghost helps me ” comes up, tell the children that the holy ghost helps us know when we ’ ve done something good. repeat, giving each child a turn to roll the cube.


a guide to some of the best resources for teaching about american indians, including lesson plans, articles, websites, and field trip opportunities. planning a unit on american indians and not sure where to start? we ’ ve assembled a guide with lesson plans, articles, and the very best websites available on the internet to help you teach about america ’ s first people. don ’ t miss the field trip opportunities from discover nc! - guides for teachers - student readings and multimedia - lesson plans - best practices - field trips - teaching about north carolina american indians - this web edition is drawn from a teachers institute curriculum enrichment project on north carolina american indian studies conducted by the north carolina humanities council. resources include best practices for teaching about american indians, suggestions for curriculum integration, webliographies, lesson plans about north carolina american indians, and audio recordings of cherokee language and folklore. - intrigue of the past - lesson plans about the fundamental concepts, processes, and issues of archaeology, as well as essays for the teacher with detailed information about four periods in north carolina ’ s ancient history. - native carolinians - readings for students on the archaeology and history of north carolina before europeans arrived, including a discussion of how our understanding of north carolinia ’ s first peoples continues to evolve. - we have a story to tell : native peoples of the chesapeake region - republished with permission from the smithsonian institution ’ s national museum of the american indian, this edition explores historical and current issues faced by the indians of the chesapeake bay, and includes a student project that uses primary sources to engage students with one of three issues faced by chesapeake indians — the effects of treaty - making, the denial of civil rights, and the importance of legal recognition. - the tuscarora war and cary ’ s rebellion - in early 18th century north carolina, clashes between cothis chapter explores the fate of the native peoples of eastern north carolina, analyzes their conflicts with colonists, presents the words of both sides, and discusses what happened to them after 1720. - fort dobbs and the french and indian war in north carolina - from fort dobbs state historic site, a brief history of the fighting between colonists and cherokee during the 1750s and 1760s. includes photos from a reenactment. - the rutherford expedition - the cherokee sided with the british in the war for independence, and north carolina revolutionaries attacked cherokee villages. led by general griffith rutherford, they burned villages and destroyed crops and food supplies. developed by the north carolina office of archives and history, primary sources, an overview essay,


the british in the war for independence, and north carolina revolutionaries attacked cherokee villages. led by general griffith rutherford, they burned villages and destroyed crops and food supplies. developed by the north carolina office of archives and history, primary sources, an overview essay, and maps tell the story. - cherokee removal and the trail of tears - primary sources and an overview essay tell the story of the cherokee ’ s forced removal from their homeland by the u. s. army, including cherokee attempts to resist and the establishment of the eastern band. - the removal of the cherokee indians - this lesson allows students to assess the influence of the trail of tears. students will read a brief history of the cherokee indians, past and present. they will watch the unto these hills video and read excerpts from native americans and government officials during the indian removal. students will write an essay supporting or opposing the indian removal act. ( grades 9 - 12 ) - not “ indians, ” many tribes : native american diversity - students will heighten their awareness of native american diversity as they learn about three vastly different native groups in a game - like activity using archival documents such as vintage photographs, traditional stories, photos of artifacts, and recipes. ( grades 3 & 5 ) - native american cultures across the u. s. - this edsitement lesson discusses the differences between five native american tribes within the u. s. students will learn about customs and traditions such as housing, agriculture, and ceremonial dress for the tlingit, dine, lakota, muscogee, and iroquois peoples. ( grades k - 2 ) - traditions and languages of three native cultures : tlingit, lakota, & cherokee - students learn about the environment, history, language, and culture of the tlingit, lakota, and cherokee. ( grades k - 2 ) north carolina indians - native carolinians — lessons from “ two worlds : educator ’ s guide ” - this collection of lesson plans, activities, and additional materials for teachers accompanies the native carolinians chapter of the north carolina digital history textbook. the chapter discusses what we know about the first residents of north carolina. lesson plans and activities explore theories of migration, religious views, agricultural practices, and the distinct cultures of the mountains, piedmont, and coast. ( grade 8 ) - cherokee relocation - using primary sources from the documenting the american south collection, students will investigate the boundaries of the cherokee lands set for north carolina after the revolutionary war. ( grade 8 ) - a comprehensive study of north carolina indian tribes - students will


) - cherokee relocation - using primary sources from the documenting the american south collection, students will investigate the boundaries of the cherokee lands set for north carolina after the revolutionary war. ( grade 8 ) - a comprehensive study of north carolina indian tribes - students will apply their research skills of gathering and validating information to study the eight state recognized american indian tribes of north carolina in order to create an honors u. s. history project. students then will create a comprehensive study of those tribes to be compiled into a notebook to be copied and shared with the eighth grade teachers of north carolina history in our county. ( grades 11 & 12 ) - first americans of north carolina and the united states - this lesson will use shared reading, center time, hands - on projects, and journal writing to help learners discover facts about first americans, particularly those in the region that is today north carolina, while at the same time developing their english language skills in listening, speaking, reading, and writing. ( grade k ) - north carolina place names - this lesson contrasts and compares the names that native americans living in north carolina gave to their villages and places with the names that european and other settlers gave to theirs. ( grade 8 ) more lesson plans browse our collection for additional lesson plans about american indians. - edward s. curtis ’ s the north american indian - this site presents the 2226 photographs taken by edward s. curtis for his work the north american indian. included are images of tribes from great plains, great basin, plateau region, southwest, california, pacific northwest, and alaska. - who stole the tee pee? an online exhibit of the national museum of the american indian - historical artifacts from the national museum of the american indian and art by contemporary native americans is utilized to explore changes and the causes of changes in native american cultures since the 1900s. this website asks what happened to the traditions of native americans, offers a look beyond cliches about indians, and looks at native americans as artists, as a community, and as individuals. - american indians and the natural world - an introductory exploration into the cultures of the tlingit, the hopi, the iroquois, and the lakota tribes of native americans. north carolina indians - the museum of the native american resource center - the exhibits on display at this museum include prehistoric tools and weapons, 19th century lumbee artifacts, contemporary indian art and items which represent native americans from all over north america. - the lumbee tribe - this official site of the lumbee indian tribe of north carolina provides the history of


tools and weapons, 19th century lumbee artifacts, contemporary indian art and items which represent native americans from all over north america. - the lumbee tribe - this official site of the lumbee indian tribe of north carolina provides the history of the tribe with a timeline of events as well as information on the culture of the tribe including religion, way of life, language, education, and more. - museum of the cherokee indian - official site of the museum of the eastern band of cherokee indians in north carolina. - town creek indian mound - this site provided by the north carolina division of archives and history contains information about visiting town creek, a section on montgomery county and the vicinity, a native american cultural synopsis, and a section on the pee dee culture. - roanoke revisited heritage education program - this resource from the national park service ’ s fort raleigh site includes a wealth of information on roanoke. of particular interest is unit four, which offers detailed accounts of native american life in the 1580s, covering such topics as towns, dwellings, transportation, agriculture, hunting and fishing, cooking, religion, and dress. - family stories from the trail of tears - the sequoyah research center offers this collection of narratives collected by the wpa in the 1930s, most of which share stories of the trail of tears that were handed down from parents and grandparents. several of these accounts are from north carolina and all present a rare first - hand glimpse into the experience of indian removal from a native perspective. - never that far : lumbee men and world war ii - this site from unc - pembroke offers oral history interviews with lumbee veterans of the second world war. sources like this one provide an excellent opportunity to integrate american indian history with the larger story of u. s. history in a seamless way. video requires realplayer. browse our collection for additional websites about american indians. - teaching about thanksgiving - resources and activities to help you bring historical accuracy, cultural sensitivity, and a broader context to discussions about the quintessentially american holiday. - teaching about native american issues - this resource from understanding prejudice provides teachers with some do ’ s and don ’ t ’ s for teaching about american indians thoughtfully and respectfully. - getting the “ indian ” out of the cupboard : using information literacy to promote critical thinking - by rhonda harris taylor and lotsee patterson, this article from the teacher librarian : the journal of school library professionals acknowledges the impossibility of screening all of the cultural references to american indians that our


: using information literacy to promote critical thinking - by rhonda harris taylor and lotsee patterson, this article from the teacher librarian : the journal of school library professionals acknowledges the impossibility of screening all of the cultural references to american indians that our students will encounter and provides some useful ideas for teaching students the critical thinking skills necessary to filter out biased or stereotypical assumptions about american indians and argues that this approach, combined with exposure to american indian resources from a native perspective, can help students come to a more genuine and accurate appreciation of american indian history. - north carolina ’ s first colonists : 12, 000 years before roanoke - this article, by stephen r. claggett of the office of state archaeology in the north carolina state historic preservation office, provides an overview of north carolina ’ s prehistory as well as an introduction to archaeological methods and their uses for unearthing the ancient past of our state. - hanging rock state park - students will learn about the sauratown mountains and the saura indians for which the mountains were named at hanging rock state park. ranger led programs are available for class field trips which correlate to the north carolina curriculum for 5th through 8th grades. - oconaluftee indian village - a model of a cherokee indian village from over 250 years ago with guides in native costume to answer questions and explain their heritage. - indian museum of the carolinas - this native american museum features the indians of the past, present day indian groups and indians of north america. - meherrin indian tribe - attend a pow - wow and see demonstrations of meherrin indian culture through dance, a drum competition, pottery, and beading. more field trips for more field trip options by county, use the interactive map in discover nc!


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challenges to india ’ s patent regime : pharma industry the works of the founder of the states, law givers tyrant destroyers and heroes cover but narrow spaces, and endure but for a little time, while the work of the inventor though of less pomp is felt everywhere and last forever. ( francis bacon ) a patent is an exclusive right granted to a person who invented a new article or an improvement of an existing article or a new process of making an article. it consists of an exclusive right to manufacture the new article invented or manufacture an article according to the invented process for a limited period. object of patent law : the object of granting a patent is to encourage and develop a new technology and industry. an inventor may disclose the new invention only if he is rewarded, otherwise he may work it secretly. thus the theory upon which the patent system is based upon is that the opportunity of acquiring exclusive rights in an invention stimulates technical progress in four ways : • that it encourages research and invention • that it induces an inventor to disclose his discoveries instead of keeping them as trade secret ; • that it offers the reward for the expenses of developing invention to the stage at which they are commercially practicable ; and • that it provides an inducement to invest capital in new lines of production which might not appear profitable if many competing producers embark on them simultaneously ; value of patent system : some controversy exists as to precise extent of the contributions made by the patent system to the economic development of a country. but the adoption of some kind of the patent production for inventions in all most all countries, and the ever increasing number of applications for patents received by the patent offices in all industrially advanced countries is an indication of the universal recognition of the value of the patent system. most of the inventions and discoveries made in technology in all fields are published in the patents specifications field in the patent offices of different countries. a world wide exchange of technical information has been made possible only by the publications of such patent specifications. in a sense patents have assumed an international character. the increasing number of applications for patents from foreigners received in almost all countries in recognition of fact. attempts are being made from time to time by international associations for the protection of individual property and to introduce more and more uniformity and harmonization among national patents systems. the international convention for the protection of industrial property ( paris convention ) and gatt and trips agreement are examples of attempts at harmonization of the law of patents & other forms intellectual property. main provisions associated with trips agreement the trips consistent indian patent law addressed


the international convention for the protection of industrial property ( paris convention ) and gatt and trips agreement are examples of attempts at harmonization of the law of patents & other forms intellectual property. main provisions associated with trips agreement the trips consistent indian patent law addressed three important issues relating to patent of products : i ) adoption of definition of “ pharmaceutical substance ” ; ii ) exclusion of “ mere discovery of a new form of known substance ” and “ new use for a known substance ” ; and ( iii ) protecting the interests of those who are already producing the products which may be granted patent protection in the new regime. the patent regime adopted in trips by the developed countries is somehow of the capitalists nature and it prioritizes the profit motive over the social responsibilities. in continuation to these discrepancies, trips also rule out any discrimination between the technological sectors and advocates the same protection for all the technological inventions fulfilling the criteria. even after the acceptance of the trips agreement, the following five major areas still controversial for both the parties to the trips : 1 ) iprs and access to medicines, 2 ) iprs, community property rights and indigenous knowledge, 3 ) iprs and biodiversity, 4 ) iprs, biotechnology and agriculture, 5 ) ipr policy and trade. there is no doubt that “ product patent regime ” have spurred the r & d for diseases - notably, those with the lucrative potential market in the industrialized world. however, trips has failed and will continue to fail to stimulate sufficient r & d for diseases that primarily affect poor countries. trips had forced all the developing countries to switch over to product patent regime from process patent regime and hence, restrict the access of the cost effective essential medicines to their people. challenges to patent regime in india india enjoys several strengths amongst others developing and least developing countries, particularly, in case of the production of the food grains and drugs, and proudly hosts world cheapest pharma industries. even with these impressive facts, one billion indians, spend the same amount on medical drugs per year as seven million men and women in switzerland. the amount spent on drugs here in india roughly corresponds to the profit made by a single pharma mnc “ novartis ” in a typical year. these figures are enough to reflect the dying conditions of the public health services in india. it is now almost a well established fact that trips provisions have already started affecting a person ’ s human right to access health services ( india and the wto ) hiv / aids alone have caused death of about 3 million people in 2002, including


india. it is now almost a well established fact that trips provisions have already started affecting a person ’ s human right to access health services ( india and the wto ) hiv / aids alone have caused death of about 3 million people in 2002, including 60000 children. around 5 million new patients were victimized by it. around 95 % of the 42 million aids victims are the people living in developing countries. only 3 lakh of the 60 lakh advance stage patients of hiv have access to life saving medicines in third world countries. these figures and facts are clearly indicating the adverse effects of trips provisions in the form of restriction on access to essential medicines to the poor people and diminishing possibilities of introduction of new drugs for their diseases. the indian patents ( amendment ) act, 2005 ( the act ) introduced product patents in india and marked the beginning of a new patent regime aimed at protecting the intellectual property rights of patent holders. the act was in fulfilment of india ’ s commitment to world trade organization ( wto ) on matters relating to agreement on trade related aspects of intellectual property rights ( trips agreement ). as part of its wto - trips regime obligations under articles 70. 8 and 70. 9, india created the " mail - box " to withhold patent applications which had pharmaceutical products as a subject - matter. what was unveiled as a provisional measure was the transitional system of " exclusive marketing rights " to ensure the interests of domestic manufacturers who mainly survived on off patenting and reverse engineering of patent able bulk drugs and formulations for a long time. in the last years of the regime, grant of two major yet controversial emr ' s to novartis and eli lily showed how the entire system shook up the domestic manufacturer who waged a litigative battle in response to the first simulation of the post - product patent industry scenario in india. this not only lay threadbare as to how the grant mechanism was liberal, draconian and absolutist in the eyes of the indian manufacturer. the focus which the policy makers lost in connecting quality control regulations with grant process of marketing rights was the bureaucratic red tape surrounding the operation of provisions in the drugs and cosmetics act, 1940 and the way clinical trials were conducted in india litigation battle : novartis sues india the letter and spirit in which india transitioned into the new patent regime has been put to litmus test by novartis which sued india with the institution of a writ petition before the high court of judicature at madras. several countries praised india


the letter and spirit in which india transitioned into the new patent regime has been put to litmus test by novartis which sued india with the institution of a writ petition before the high court of judicature at madras. several countries praised india ’ s contribution to life saving drugs and requested novartis not to challenge. however, novartis filed its case with indian court at chennai and sought patentability of its product gleevac filed under emr provisions on the grounds alleging : ( i ) illegality in procedure adopted and also the text of 3 ( d ) of the act which was in violation of article 27 ( 1 ) and 27 ( 2 ) of trips agreement ; ( ii ) arbitrariness by the controller general of patents & designs, chennai and ignoring rationality underlying articles 253 and 51 ( c ) of the indian constitution whereby national laws are required to be harmonized with international treaties ; ( iii ) provision relating to discovery of “ new form ” contained in 3 ( d ) is illogical and against the concept of patents which encourages innovation and intervention by rewarding the person associated with such acts beneficial for society ; ( iv ) deliberate incorporation after approval of its product gleevac under the earlier prevailing emr provisions resulted in disturbing the level playing field laid under the act in compliance with conditionality under trips agreement. the technical expert group on patent law issues with mr. mashelkar as it ’ s chairman ( mashelkar committee ) submitted its report to the government of india on its terms of reference which favoured incremental modifications / innovations for qualifying for the grant of patent as new chemical entities ( nce ). several ngos opposed the case filed by novartis and urged the doctors and medical professionals to boycott its products in india. the indian court rejected the plea of novartis on patent of gleevac for violation of trips agreement. this patent case is considered to be a threat to developing nations and the treatment of aids patients will be seriously impaired if novartis ultimately succeeds in obtaining favourable award on its patent matter from the higher courts in india revival of yoga and impact of baba ramdev baba ramdev revived pranayama which acts as the best medicine involving rhythmic control of breath through bodily exercises and awakens divine powers essential for curing disease and enabling creation of " disease free society - medicines free world ". yoga pranayama & the ayurvedic & herbal medicines used at baba ramdev ’ s yoga camps have scientifically proved to provide cure for most of the diseases including : ( i ) control &


free society - medicines free world ". yoga pranayama & the ayurvedic & herbal medicines used at baba ramdev ’ s yoga camps have scientifically proved to provide cure for most of the diseases including : ( i ) control & cure of hiv / aids by improving the cd4 ( t - helper lymphocytes ) cell count of the people affected by aids ; ( ii ) control and cure of cancer ; ( iii ) diabetes ; ( iv ) hypertension ; and ( v ) depression. baba ramdev ’ s increasing popularity and the immense pressure exerted by the powerful global pharma lobby has made india seriously consider revising : the drugs and cosmetic act, 1940 and drugs and magic remedies act, so that good men like baba ramdev are prevented from claiming that indian traditional medicine can cure diseases like hiv / aids, cancer, diabetes, high blood pressure etc. the health ministry issued notices to over 80 organizations including the high - profile ashram of baba ramdev and also instructed them to stop claiming curing serious diseases like aids and cancer. generic pharmaceutical manufacturing 1. when the mailbox applications are cleared and patents awarded, newly - introduced generics in the indian market may have to be withdrawn. this, for example, is why indian brands of “ tadalafil ” have disappeared from the shelves. and, newer antipsychotic, antidepressant, antiepileptic and other drugs will be permitted to be marketed only by the patent holder. costs to the patient will then inevitably rise. 2. new drugs that emerge in the international arena will be available to indian patients only from the patent holder. again, the cost is almost certain to be high. rise in drug prices and access to medicines for the poor while discussing the post - 2005 healthcare scenario, one of the major concerns among all stakeholders is the issue of the impact of the emerging product patent regime on drug prices in india and other developing countries, which did not permit patenting of drugs per se under their earlier legislations. the general impression is that drugs which are under patents are expensive compared to generic products and once the product patent regime is in place, they will be unaffordable to the majority of countries of the developing world and as a consequence their healthcare status will be seriously affected. high prices of patented drugs affect not only the patients in developing countries, but also in the developed world based on these premises, it would therefore appear that if society wants new and better life - saving drugs, the price to pay for


be seriously affected. high prices of patented drugs affect not only the patients in developing countries, but also in the developed world based on these premises, it would therefore appear that if society wants new and better life - saving drugs, the price to pay for that would be unaffordable to most of the patients who need them. even for the pharmaceutical companies, the costs for r & d on new drugs have been accepted as unaffordable, under their present structure, leading to a spate of mergers and acquisitions during the last two decades, some recent studies indicate that such a strategy is also not paying off, partly since, the larger the corporation, the greater the challenge to remain creative, make decisions and cut down the gestation period for moving r & d programmes from concept to the market. competition from china indian pharmaceutical industry is expected to face competition from the chinese pharmaceutical industry as china is known for its cheap manufacturing capabilities. chinese government has introduced several initiatives in providing boost to its pharmaceutical industry and there are trends indicating increased investments by global mncs. the advantages of chinese pharmaceutical industry to that of indian pharmaceutical industry include : ( i ) better data protection mechanism ; ( ii ) favourable domestic pricing issues ; ( iii ) chinese government ’ s strong commitment to pro - industry policies ; and ( iv ) existence of a strong patent regime. more than 20 major mnc pharmaceutical companies have already established their manufacturing and r & d facilities in china and are also associated with carrying out drug discovery and phase i - ii clinical trials related activities. mncs like sanofi aventis, merck etc., are likely to establish r & d facility in china. the case ruling against novartis is expected to change the plans of the swiss pharma giant who may seriously consider reorienting its investment plans in india that may benefit china with its increased investments in pharmaceutical business. new initiatives and measures for protection and promotion the several initiatives and measures taken by the indian government for providing the required support, boost and encouragement for indian pharmaceutical industry include : ( i ) permitting 100 % foreign direct investment ( fdi ) for manufacture of drugs and pharmaceuticals provided the activity does not attract compulsory licensing or involve use of recombinant dna technology and specific cell / tissue targeted formulations ; ( ii ) tax incentives under the income tax act, 1961 for in - house r & d. ; ( iii ) life saving vaccines exempted from excise duty ; ( iv ) clinical trial of new drugs exempted from service tax to make india a preferred destination for drug testing