it. and just as swearing to the truth of what we say begets the disposition it is designed to remove, so the love and reign of truth in the breasts of christ ' s disciples reveals itself so plainly even to those who themselves cannot be trusted, that their simple yes and no come soon to be more relied on than the most solemn asseverations of others. thus does the grace of our lord jesus christ, like a tree cast into the bitter waters of human corruption, heal and sweeten them. same subject - - retaliation ( mat 5 : 38 - 42 ). we have here the converse of the preceding lessons. they were negative : these are positive. mat 5 : 38ye have heard that it hath been said - - ( exo 21 : 23 - 25 ; lev 24 : 19 - 20 ; deu 19 : 21 ). an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth - - that is, whatever penalty was regarded as a proper equivalent for these. this law of retribution - - designed to take vengeance out of the hands of private persons, and commit it to the magistrate - - was abused in the opposite way to the commandments of the decalogue. while they were reduced to the level of civil enactments, this judicial regulation was held to be a warrant for taking redress into their own hands, contrary to the injunctions of the old testament itself ( pro 20 : 22 ; pro 24 : 29 ). mat 5 : 39but i say unto you, that ye resist not evil ; but whosoever shall smite thee on thy right check, turn to him the other also - - our lord ' s own meek, yet dignified bearing, when smitten rudely on the cheek ( joh 18 : 22 - 23 ), and not literally presenting the other, is the best comment on these words. it is the preparedness, after one indignity, not to invite but to submit meekly to another, without retaliation, which this strong language is meant to convey. mat 5 : 40and if any man will sue thee at the law, and take way thy coat - - the inner garment ; in pledge for a debt ( exo 22 : 26 - 27 ). let him have thy cloak also - - the outer and more costly garment. this overcoat was not allowed to be retained over night as a pledge from the poor because they used it for a bed covering. mat 5 : 41and whosoever shall compel thee to go a mile,


the outer and more costly garment. this overcoat was not allowed to be retained over night as a pledge from the poor because they used it for a bed covering. mat 5 : 41and whosoever shall compel thee to go a mile, go with him twain - - an allusion, probably, to the practice of the romans and some eastern nations, who, when government despatches had to be forwarded, obliged the people not only to furnish horses and carriages, but to give personal attendance, often at great inconvenience, when required. but the thing here demanded is a readiness to submit to unreasonable demands of whatever kind, rather than raise quarrels, with all the evils resulting from them. what follows is a beautiful extension of this precept. mat 5 : 42give to him that asketh thee - - the sense of unreasonable asking is here implied ( compare luk 6 : 30 ). and from him that would borrow of thee turn not thou away - - though the word signifies classically " to have money lent to one on security, " or " with interest, " yet as this was not the original sense of the word, and as usury was forbidden among the jews ( exo 22 : 25, & c. ), it is doubtless simple borrowing which our lord here means, as indeed the whole strain of the exhortation implies. this shows that such counsels as " owe no man anything " ( rom 13 : 8 ), are not to be taken absolutely ; else the scripture commendations of the righteous for " lending " to his necessitous brother ( psa 37 : 36 ; psa 112 : 5 ; luk 6 : 37 ) would have no application. turn not thou away - - a graphic expression of unfeeling refusal to relieve a brother in extremity. same subject - - love to enemies ( mat 5 : 43 - 48 ). mat 5 : 43ye have heard that it hath been said - - ( lev 19 : 18 ). thou shalt love thy neighbour - - to this the corrupt teachers added, and hate thine enemy - - as if the one were a legitimate inference from the other, instead of being a detestable gloss, as bengel indignantly calls it. lightfoot quotes some of the cursed maxims inculcated by those traditionists regarding the proper treatment of all gentiles. no wonder that the romans charged the jews with hatred of the human race. mat 5


that of one who spake as never man spake. mat 5 : 46for if ye love them which love you, what reward have ye? do not even the publicans the same? - - the publicans, as collectors of taxes due to the roman government, were ever on this account obnoxious to the jews, who sat uneasy under a foreign yoke, and disliked whatever brought this unpleasantly before them. but the extortion practiced by this class made them hateful to the community, who in their current speech ranked them with " harlots. " nor does our lord scruple to speak of them as others did, which we may be sure he never would have done if it had been calumnious. the meaning, then, is, " in loving those who love you, there is no evidence of superior principle ; the worst of men will do this : even a publican will go that length. " mat 5 : 47and if ye salute your brethren only - - of the same nation and religion with yourselves. what do ye more than others? - - what do ye uncommon or extraordinary? that is, wherein do ye excel? do not even the publicans so? - - the true reading here appears to be, " do not even the heathens the same? " compare mat 18 : 17, where the excommunicated person is said to be " as an heathen man and a publican. " mat 5 : 48be ye therefore - - rather, " ye shall therefore be, " or " ye are therefore to be, " as my disciples and in my kingdom. perfect - - or complete. manifestly, our lord here speaks, not of degrees of excellence, but of the kind of excellence which was to distinguish his disciples and characterize his kingdom. when therefore he adds, even as your father which is in heaven is perfect - - he refers to that fullorbed glorious completeness which is in the great divine model, " their father which is in heaven. " sermon on the mount - - continued.


the following content is provided by the colon cancer alliance ( cca ). by andrew spiegel, esquire chief executive officer, colon cancer alliance one in three people 50 years or older has not been screened for colon cancer, yet screening could help save their lives. this statistic is just one of the troubling findings of a national study by the colon cancer alliance, the leading national patient advocacy organization dedicated to increasing screening rates and survivorship, and quest diagnostics, a leading diagnostic testing company. the two organizations recently teamed up to uncover the barriers that prevent people from being tested for colon cancer ( also known as colorectal cancer ), the second leading cause of cancer - related deaths in men and women in the u. s. screening by colonoscopy, fecal immunochemical tests and other methods help identify colon cancer in early stages when it is still highly treatable. for this reason, the american cancer society recommends screening for every man and woman of average risk, beginning at age 50. african americans, smokers and anyone who has a family history or other risk factors should be tested even earlier. yet, the colon cancer alliance study found that many people 50 and over are not being screened. moreover, the barriers to screening ranged from the lack of recommendation for screening by a healthcare professional to time and cost constraints. the study also suggested that fear of the bowel preparation, side effects and anesthesia typically associated with colonoscopy are additional barriers. “ any death from colon cancer due to a failure to screen is a tragedy that could have been prevented, ” said andrew spiegel, chief executive officer of the colon cancer alliance. “ i encourage people to talk to their health care providers about the importance of colon cancer screening, their risk factors for colon cancer, and the different screening tests available. with increased screening rates, deaths from colon cancer may one day be a thing of the past. ” colon cancer is the 2nd leading cause of cancer deaths in america, and worldwide. about 50, 000 americans and over 600, 000 people worldwide die each year from what is a very preventable disease. the colon cancer alliance recently partnered with its european equivalent, europacolon to form an international colon cancer advocacy organization, global colon cancer alliance. the goal of the global organization is to teach people worldwide how to advocate for colon cancer screening programs and share some of the successes learned in the us and europe. colon cancer is the most preventable major cancer through screening. there are no excuses for not undergoing a simple


parents today have a lot on their plates. juggling the demands of work, home, and other responsibilities leaves many parents feeling like they do not have enough time with their children. but even small acts of kindness, protection, and caring — a hug, a kiss, or a smile — make a big difference to children. research shows that babies who receive affection and nurturing from their parents have the best chance of developing into children, teens, and adults who are happy, healthy, and competent. research also shows that a relationship with a consistent, caring adult in the early years is associated in later life with better academic grades, healthier behaviors, more positive peer interactions, and an increased ability to cope with stress. brain development in infants is positively affected when parents work to understand and meet their basic needs for love and affection or provide comfort when they are hungry, bored, tired, wet, or cold. conversely, neglectful and abusive parenting can have a negative effect on brain development. research shows that a lack of contact or interaction with a caregiver can change the infant ’ s body chemistry, resulting in a reduction in the growth hormones essential for brain and heart development. furthermore, the ability to feel remorse and empathy are built on experience. children who lack early emotional attachments or who grow up fearful and expecting to be hurt will have a diffi cult time relating to peers. as children grow, nurturing by parents and other caregivers remains important for healthy physical and emotional development. while physical contact becomes less important, listening and talking become more vital to the relationship. parents nurture their older children by being involved and interested in the child ’ s school and other activities, aware of the child or teen ’ s interests and friends, and willing to advocate for the child when necessary. when parents spend time and energy discovering and paying attention to their children ’ s needs, they are rewarded with positive, open, and trusting relationships with their children. parents who develop the ability to respond sensitively to the needs of their child, no matter what age, will fi nd parenting easier and more enjoyable. exploring strengths and needs regardless of the child ’ s age, parents can take advantage of opportunities in their sometimes hectic lives to listen and respond to their child in a nurturing way. even a few minutes of quality time in the car, at the store, or while cooking dinner mean so much to a child. you ’ re invited to attend!


some wonderful things can be done once we get rid of the pesky atmosphere we live in. feathers drop like rocks. bells go silent. water boils at room temperature. balloons inflate themselves. frozen foods dry out but keep their shape. sometimes all you need is a little bit of vacuum to help dry something out, or move a liquid through a tube, or remove gasses from a liquid. in this project, we will make a vacuum pump from common inexpensive plumbing parts. we will then use it to inflate marshmallows to twice their size, remove the air from them, and then shrink them down to a wrinkled, rubbery candy with the density of a gumdrop. if all of the materials are at hand, the pump goes together in about a half hour. to see how the pump works, look at the drawing below. the pump consists of a small diameter pipe ( called the piston ) inserted into a larger diameter pipe ( called the cylinder ). the drawing shows the pump at two points during its operation. the top drawing shows air being drawn into the pipe by pulling out the piston. the bottom drawing shows air exiting the pipe when the piston is pushed back in. at the right end of the pipe is a commercially bought one - way valve. this valve lets air into the pipe, but will not let air out of the pipe. at the end of the piston is a home - made one - way valve. the home - made one - way valve is made using a rubber " o " ring that slides up or down on the piston. a hole is drilled into the piston, and two " stops " are attached, so the " o " ring cannot slide past them. when the piston is being pushed into the cylinder, the " o " ring slides back, letting the air in the cylinder exit through the drilled hole, and out through the hollow piston. when the piston is pulled out of the cylinder, the " o " ring slides towards the stop at the end of the piston, and blocks the air from getting to the drilled hole. the right end of the piston is closed off ( the pipe is sealed ). the left end is open, to let the air escape. this will all become easier to understand as you see the parts go together in the photos below. the first step is to make the piston. we start by adding the stops that keep the " o " ring from sliding. these stops are made from short pieces of the thin - walled ¾ inch tubing. we cut slots


in the photos below. the first step is to make the piston. we start by adding the stops that keep the " o " ring from sliding. these stops are made from short pieces of the thin - walled ¾ inch tubing. we cut slots along the length of the thin - wall tuning to allow it to be compressed onto the ½ inch piston tube. using liberal amounts of pvc cement, we glue the stops onto the piston, compressing them into place with rubber bands. the stops should be about ¾ inches apart. in the center of the space between the stops, we drill holes in the ½ inch pipe. here you see we have drilled three holes, spaced at roughly equal distances around the pipe. the photo below shows several simple steps all completed. the commercial one - way valve has been cemented onto the 1 inch cylinder pipe. make sure that the arrow on the valve is pointing towards the cylinder. a short length of 1 inch pipe is cemented into the other end of the commercial one - way valve, and some reducing fittings are cemented to that so that we end up with a hose barb at the end. i found it convenient to use a right angle reducing fitting, followed by a gray threaded pipe, and a gray hose barb that threads onto the gray pipe. be sure to cement any threaded parts, to ensure a vacuum tight seal. we also cemented on a ½ inch " t " fitting onto the far left end of the piston pipe, to act as a convenient handle. the next step is to make a thin plastic disk to close off the right end of the piston pipe. we make the thin disk by flattening a small piece of the thin - walled ¾ inch pipe, and then cutting a circle out of it. to flatten the pipe, cut a slot in it lengthwise, and then heat it over a stove to soften the plastic. when the plastic is soft, it can be flattened by pressing it against a heat resistant surface such as a tile countertop, or concrete floor. we used pliers, but fingers inside leather gloves ( to prevent being burned ) will also do the trick. placing the bottom of a drinking glass onto the plastic will flatten it and cool it at the same time. draw a circle on the flat plastic by tracing around a piece of ½ inch pipe. cut the circle out of the plastic using tin snips or some other strong cutting tool. now glue the disk onto the end of the piston pipe. be generous with the glue. allow


flat plastic by tracing around a piece of ½ inch pipe. cut the circle out of the plastic using tin snips or some other strong cutting tool. now glue the disk onto the end of the piston pipe. be generous with the glue. allow the glue to dry, and then remove the rubber bands. next we slip the " o " ring over the stop at the end of the piston, and into the space between the stops, where the holes were drilled. we add a generous amount of petroleum jelly to lubricate the " o " ring and ensure a vacuum tight seal. the piston can now be placed into the cylinder. it should be somewhat of a tight fit getting the " o " ring into the cylinder, but the petroleum jelly should help lubricate it as it slides down in. the hose can now be attached to the hose barb. to make this easier, place the end of the hose into a cup of very hot water for a few minutes to soften it. it will now fit easily onto the barb, and shrink to fit very tightly. the completed pump is shown below, attached to a vacuum gauge from an automotive parts store. the gauge is showing 23 inches of mercury, although with more pumping we can get up to 26 inches of mercury with this pump. next, we will make a " bell jar ". this is a jar that we will connect to the pump using the hose. we can put things into the jar, and then pump the air out of the jar. canning jars are best, since they are made to withstand a vacuum. to make the bell jar, we drill a hole in the center of the jar lid, and attach a hose barb. in the photo we used a brass hose barb, and soldered it into the hole. you can use a plastic hose barb if you like, and use epoxy to attach it to the jar lid. the photo above shows a pair of marshmallows we placed in the jar before screwing the top on. when the air is pumped out of the jar, the marshmallows grow to twice their normal size. then they gradually shrink, as the air leaks out of the marshmallow, into the evacuated jar. when we later remove the hose from the jar, air rushes into the jar, and the marshmallows shrink into dense, wrinkled candy with the density of a gumdrop. they feel heavy compared to normal marshmallows, although they weigh the same ( in air ). the


jar, air rushes into the jar, and the marshmallows shrink into dense, wrinkled candy with the density of a gumdrop. they feel heavy compared to normal marshmallows, although they weigh the same ( in air ). the next pump is actually simpler to build ( but more expensive because it uses two factory made one - way valves, and that was the most expensive part of the first pump ). this pump can draw a vacuum like the first, but it can also inflate beach toys and air mattresses, or pump water. whether pumping water or air, the stuff goes in one end and out the other, instead of travelling through a hollow piston like the first pump. to make it a little less expensive, we use ¾ inch valves instead of 1 inch valves. we start by drilling a hole in the end of the wooden dowel just a bit smaller than the wood screw. we also drill a hole in the rubber stopper. we then screw the rubber stopper onto the end of the dowel, as shown below. we can control the thickness of the rubber stopper by tightening the screw to make it fatter if necessary. the stopper must completely block the pipe, yet still be able to slide in and out when lubricated with petroleum jelly. the next step is to glue the pvc pieces together. make sure that the arrows on both one - way valves are going in the same direction! here is a closeup of the one - way valve before gluing. on this valve, the arrow is molded into the plastic to the left of the label. when the glue has dried, liberally grease the stopper with petroleum jelly, and slide it into the pipe. as you slide the stopper in, you will hear air coming out of the valve whose arrow points away from the pump. as you then pull the stopper back out, you will hear air entering through the other valve. this pump is very effective for pumping water. the inside diameter of the pipe is 0. 8 inches. with each 36 inch stroke of the piston, the amount of water pumped is 36 π ( 0. 4 ) 2 = 18 cubic inches. that ' s about 10 fluid ounces, or 0. 3 liters. next : a classic propellor toy del. icio. us


for over a decade, information technologies have significantly affected the banking industry. banks and other financial institutions have improved their functions as a financial intermediary through adopting various information technologies ( chang, 2002 ; gourlay and pentecost, 2002 ; hannan and mcdowell, 1984 ; haynes and thompson, 2000 ; vanhoose, 2003 ). generally, when the information technologies combine with functions of banks and financial institutions, it is called electronic banking. electronic banking technologies have led banks and financial institutions to improve effectiveness of distribution channels through reducing the transaction cost and increasing the speed of service ( chang, 2002 ; vanhoose, 2003 ). globalization of finance, integration, advances in information technologies and financial innovations in the last couple of decades have deeply changed banking business not only in iran but in also other markets and forced the state authorities to deregulate national financial systems. deregulation allowed banks to flourish their businesses and enter into new markets with new technologies involving both individual and institutional costumer interaction ( deyoung et al., 2004 ). in addition, developments of modern computer technology have also enabled banks to lessen the cost of bank transactions by having the client interact with an e - banking facility rather than with a human being. e - banking applications, which include automated teller machine ( atm ), telephone banking, mobile banking, digital television, debit and credit cards, internet banking, etc., became one of the main battlefields of the banking industry. for instance, hanson and kalyanam ( 2007 ) points out that e - banking grew rapidly, atms made costumer visits to a branch less necessary and then in the late 1990s the rapid growth in banking web sites made a wide range of services available from almost everywhere. among various banking technologies, internet banking which is the act of conducting financial intermediation on the internet, is the latest banking technology and the most rapidly diffused banking technology in the iran. internet banking has advantages for banks to maintain competition, to save costs, to enhance mass customization, marketing and communication activities and to maintain and attract consumers ( daniel and storey, 1997 ; mols, 2000 ; read, 1998 ; sheshunoff, 2000 ; tomkin and baden - fuller, 1998 ). the primary advantage of internet banking is to save time and cost. lee and lee ( 2001 ) indicated that internet banking allows consumers easier access to their bank accounts, lower service charges and time saving. moreover, chang ( 2002 ) showed that internet banking had a low transaction cost and a high speed of service


and cost. lee and lee ( 2001 ) indicated that internet banking allows consumers easier access to their bank accounts, lower service charges and time saving. moreover, chang ( 2002 ) showed that internet banking had a low transaction cost and a high speed of service when compared to other banking services. for example, while the cost of transaction for money transfer was 95¢ for checking and 27¢ for atm, while it was only 1¢ for internet ( chang, 2002 ). hence, internet is increasingly becoming a diverse global marketplace with global business opportunities for financial services delivery as well as challenges. financial sector is the spinal cord of sovereign economy of any country. iran is no exception ; the technology adaption in banking operations in iran was a few decades behind that of in developed countries. in terms of international and global comparison, internet usage in iran is still in the infancy stage. presently in iran, an important function of e - commerce is the handling of payment over the internet. most e - commerce involves the exchange of some form of money for goods and services. implementation of payment system currently competes for dominant the results of research could help bank managers to make informed decisions, thereby providing better service to their customer and formulate more efficacious strategies to ensure rapid migration of customers to internet customer satisfaction : early concepts of satisfaction research have typically defined satisfaction as a post choice evaluative judgment concerning a specific purchase decision ( churchill and surprenant, 1992 ; oliver, 1980 ). most researchers agree that satisfaction is an attitude or evaluation that is formed by the customer comparing their pre - purchase expectations of what they would receive from the product to their subjective perceptions of the performance they actually did receive ( oliver, 1980 ). several authors have defined satisfaction in a different way. satisfaction is a persons feelings of pleasure or disappointment resulting from comparing a products perceived performance ( or outcome ) in relation to his or her expectations ( kotler, 2000 ) customer satisfaction is a collective outcome of perception, evaluation and psychological reactions to the consumption experience with a product / service satisfaction formation : in marketing literature ( churchill and surprenant, 1992 ; oliver, 1980 ) as well as in recent information system studies ( mckinney et al., 2002 ), the disconfirmation theory emerges as the primary foundation for satisfaction models. according to this theory, satisfaction is determined by the discrepancy between perceived performance and cognitive standards such as expectation and desires. oliver ( 1980 ) described the process by which satisfaction judgments are reached in the expectancy - disconfirmation framework. buyers form expectations


theory, satisfaction is determined by the discrepancy between perceived performance and cognitive standards such as expectation and desires. oliver ( 1980 ) described the process by which satisfaction judgments are reached in the expectancy - disconfirmation framework. buyers form expectations of the specific product or service before purchase and perceived quality level which is influenced by expectations ( khalifa and liu, 2003 ). customer expectation can be defined as customers pretrial beliefs about a product ( mckinney et al., 2002 ). expectations are viewed as predictions made by consumers about what is likely to happen during impending transaction or exchange ( zeithaml, 1988 ). perceived performance is defined as customers perception of how product performance fulfills their needs, wants and desire ( cadotte et al., 1987 ). perceived quality is the consumers judgment about an entitys overall excellence or superiority ( zeithaml, 1988 ). disconfirmation is defined as consumer subjective judgments resulting from comparing their expectations and their perceptions of performance received ( mckinney et al., 2002 ; spreng et al., 1996 ). ho and wu ( 1999 ) identified five antecedents of customer satisfaction to be appropriate for online shopping on the internet. these are logistical support, technical characteristics, information characteristics, home page presentation and product characteristics. eastin ( 2002 ) presented the model that demonstrate the adoption of four ecommerce activities currently available to internet users : ( 1 ) online shopping, ( 2 ) online banking, ( 3 ) online investingand ( 4 ) electronic payment for an internet service ( i. e., access to exclusive sites ). author also explained six attributes common to the model. these are - perceived convenience and financial benefits, risk, previous use of the telephone for a similar purpose, self efficacy and internet use and all six attributes play a significant role in the adoption processes. online service quality : oppewal and vriens ( 2000 ) developed an application for measuring retail banking service quality, which consists of 28 attributes including four service quality dimensions such as : accessibility ; competence ; accuracy and friendliness ; and tangibles. the accuracy and friendliness dimension turned out to be the most important factor out of four determining banking preference, followed by competence, tangiblesand accessibility. kamilia and nantel ( 2000 ) proposed an alternative measure of perceived service quality in retail banking that comprises 31 items with six underlying key dimensions. these dimensions are : effectiveness and assurance, access, price, tangibles, service portfolio and reliability. madu and madhu ( 2002 ) proposed 15 dimensions


alternative measure of perceived service quality in retail banking that comprises 31 items with six underlying key dimensions. these dimensions are : effectiveness and assurance, access, price, tangibles, service portfolio and reliability. madu and madhu ( 2002 ) proposed 15 dimensions of online service quality dimensions based on literature review : performance, features, structure, aesthetics, reliability, storage capacity, serviceability, security and system integrity, trust, responsiveness, product / service differentiation and customization, web store policies, reputation, assurance and empathy. wolfinbarger and gilly ( 2003 ) have found four online retailing service quality dimensions through focus group interviews and an online survey. these are web site design, reliabilityand privacy / security and customer service. they found that reliability and fulfillment is the strongest predictor of customer satisfaction. internet banking : berger ( 2007 ) argued that a sound understanding of client is required for improvement of e - banking. thus, all relevant information about the clients should be taken into account and a client - centric strategy should be developed by confirming berger ( 2007 ). electronic banking research has attracted much attention from marketing researchers about client perception ( maenpa et al., 2008 ), client attitudes ( liao and cheung, 2002 ; mols, 1998 ), client satisfaction ( gonzalez et al., 2004 ) service quality bauer et al. ( 2005 ) but it attracts relatively less attention from the finance and banking researchers about the economic consequences of e - banking. one of the papers that examine the economic outcome of e - banking is that of parker and parker ( 2008 ) who investigated the money velocity in finland following wide spreading of e - banking in finland. their results interestingly show that money velocity has decreased despite the expectations. durukan ( 2003 ) evaluated the impact of internet banking on the performance of turkish commercial banks. adoption, perception and usage of internet banking by consumers is one of the topics heavily examined in e - banking literature. centeno ( 2004 ) argued that speed, the convenience of remote access, 7 / 24 availability and price incentives are the main motivation factors for the consumers to use internet banking. durkin et al. ( 2008 ) noted that the simplicity of the products offered via internet banking facilitates the adoption of internet banking by consumers. calisir and gumussoy ( 2008 ) compared the consumer perception of internet banking and other banking channels and report that internet banking, atm and phone banking substitute each other. maenpaa et al. ( 2008 ) examined the consumer perceptions of internet banking in finland and their findings indicate that


2008 ) compared the consumer perception of internet banking and other banking channels and report that internet banking, atm and phone banking substitute each other. maenpaa et al. ( 2008 ) examined the consumer perceptions of internet banking in finland and their findings indicate that familiarity has a moderating role in the perception. guerrero et al. ( 2007 ) examined the usage of internet banking by europeans and their results indicate that ownership of diverse financial products and services, attitude towards finances and trust in the internet as a banking channel influence clients usage of internet banking. sohail and shanmugham ( 2003 ) documented accessibility of internet, awareness of e - banking and resistance to change are found to be influencing malaysians use of internet banking. another factor that promotes clients usage of internet banking is seller support ( nilsson, 2007 ). while the adoption of e - banking by clients is heavily researched there is less research on the supply side of e - banking. we can list the advantages of e - banking as the competitive advantage, member / client retention, increased revenues and reduced costs ( esser, 1999 ). the woolwich bank case study conducted by shah and siddiqui ( 2006 ) revealed that understanding clients, organisational flexibility, availability of resources, systems security, established brand name, having multiple integrated channels, e - channel specific marketing, systems integration, systematic change management, support from top management and good client services are the factors critical to success in e - banking. aktan and teker ( 2009 ) examined the usage of internet in turkey to make a basic due - diligence investigation for the financial institutions, including banking, stock trading, insurance and provision of financial information within the framework of internet banking by using statistics compiled mostly from the bank association of turkey over the period 2005 and 2008. the findings show that internet usage in turkey with its young population has continued to grow dramatically in financial services. sudha et al. ( 2007 ) studied the banking customers perception towards security concern and internet banking adoption. they research reveals that the customers have much concern about security and privacy issue in adoption of internet banking, whether the customers are adopted internet banking or not. amiri et al. ( 2009 ) investigated the effective factors on improving e - banking by using fuzzy topsis in parsian bank. they present a method at solving mcdm problems in which the weights of criteria are unequal. they results shows factors of operational, technical and strategic have the most effect on improving of e - banking. sarlak et al. ( 2009 ) examined the factors that can speed up the


mcdm problems in which the weights of criteria are unequal. they results shows factors of operational, technical and strategic have the most effect on improving of e - banking. sarlak et al. ( 2009 ) examined the factors that can speed up the successful implementation of electronic banking innovations in the irans country. they research revealed that there is a meaningful and significant relationship between co - structural, content and context factors and the successful implementation of e - banking in iran. pour mirza et al. ( 2009 ) in their study showed an understanding of iranian customers attitude and adoption of internet banking services. they only survey internet banking users and non - users of mellat bank of tehran. the results revealed significant differences between demographic profiles and attitudes of users and non - users groups. the main purpose of this research is to identify the customer preferences towards the online banking and to find out the various service quality dimensions, which affect the customer satisfaction. this study also tried out to find out the relationship between the various demographic variables and satisfaction level of customers. development of hypotheses : researcher developed the hypotheses to identify the relation between age, profession, gender, preferences of bank and satisfaction | | there is no significant relation between age and choice of | | there is no significant relation between profession of customer and preference | | there is no significant relation between gender and number of banks usage | | factors determining satisfaction level of respondents are independent of their age | | factors determining satisfaction level of respondents are independent of their profession | | factors determining satisfaction level of respondents are independent of their gender | | factors determining satisfaction level of respondents are independent of status of usage | | factors determining satisfaction level of respondents are independent of no. of bank usage sampling and sample size : for achieving the objective, a descriptive study was conducted. primary data were collected of six kinds of banks ( saman, parsian, melli, keshavarzi ( agri bank ), tejarat and sepah ) in iran at spring 2010, from internet banking users of public and private banks in tehran district, with the help of structured questionnaire. a sample of 300 respondents who actually use internet banking was selected by following non - probabilistic convenience sampling technique as it is appropriate for exploratory studies. research instrument : questionnaire was designed after reading of servqual. the service quality ( servqual ) scale developed in an attempt to measure the perception of quality of service ( parasuraman et al., 1988 ; zeithaml et al., 2001 ) has


was designed after reading of servqual. the service quality ( servqual ) scale developed in an attempt to measure the perception of quality of service ( parasuraman et al., 1988 ; zeithaml et al., 2001 ) has been gaining momentum in application among various service sectors. still that scale has undergone several revisions, extensionsand modifications to suit different sectors needs. the authors, based on qualitative research, formulated a measure of service quality derived from data on a number of services, instead of counting on early dimension of goods quality in the manufacturing sector. the entire approach was formulated on the tenet that the customers entertain expectations of performance perceptions. the authors defined service quality as the degree of discrepancy between customers normative expectations for the service and their perceptions of the service performance. concept and after interacting with bank employees and customer who generally use internet banking. questionnaire had a list of 21 statements related to efficiency, tangibility, responsiveness, reliability and empathy. respondent has to choose one option of each statement depending on whether he or she is strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree, or strongly agree with statement. analysis of data : data presentation and analysis were done with the help of various statistical tools by using spss. percentage, frequencies, cross tabulation and factor analysis methods were used for analysis. for testing of hypotheses, anova and f - test were used. results and discussion demographic profile of respondent : fifty seven percent of respondent are young, having age less than 30 years. majority of respondent ( 84 % ) were men and 85 % respondent belong to service class. 61 % of respondent were using the internet banking from last one year. majority of respondent ( 89 % ) having bank account in 1 bank only, while 11 % respondents have bank account in 2 or more banks ( table 1 ). out of 89 respondent 32 respondents have account in saman bank, 25 in parsian bank, 21 respondents have account in melli bank. preference of customer towards banks : table 2 reveals that there is no specific bank preference of customers of all age groups and in table 3, hypothesis testing also revealed that there is no significant relation between age and preference of banks, thus null hypothesis ( 1 ) is accepted ( sig = 0. 201 > 0. 05 ) and ( f = 36. 741 / 23. 349 = 1. 574 ). | | demographic profile of respondents | source : from primary data | | cross - tabulation between


sig = 0. 201 > 0. 05 ) and ( f = 36. 741 / 23. 349 = 1. 574 ). | | demographic profile of respondents | source : from primary data | | cross - tabulation between age and customers preference | | anova and f - test for age and customers preference of | | cross tabulation between profession and customers preference | | anova and f - test for profession and customers preference | | cross tabulation between gender and number of bank usage | | anova and f - test for gender and number of bank usage | | kmo and bartletts test twenty seven percent of service class customers and 5 % of business class customers have account in saman bank ( table 4 ). table 5 reveals that there is no significant relation between profession of customer and preference of banks means null hypothesis ( 2 ) is also accepted ( sig = 0. 922 > 0. 05 ) and ( f = 1. 964 / 24. 204 = 0. 081 ) after doing cross tabulation between gender and number of bank usage ( table 6 ), it was found that most of the customers whether male or female prefer to have account only in one bank. but hypothesis testing ( table 7 ) revealed that there is no significant relation between genders and number of banks usage thus the null hypothesis ( 3 ) is also accepted ( sig = 0. 335 > 0. 05 ) and ( f = 0. 163 / 0. 173 = 0. 94 ). factors determining satisfaction level of customers : factor analysis is applied on responses provided by respondent. factor analysis is a set of techniques, which by analyzing the correlation between variables, reduces their number into few factors, which explain much of the original data, more economically according to table 8 measure of sampling adequacy such as bartlett ' s test of spherecity ( approx. chi - square is 1183. 031, degree of freedom is 210, significance is 0. 000 ) and kaiser - meyer - olkin measure of sampling adequacy ( kmo ) value is 0. 818 showed that data were fit for factor analysis. table 8 indicated the appropriateness of factor analysis i. e., the sample was adequate. similarly, cooper and schindler ( 2003 ) argued that while the correlation coefficients in matrix table is less than 0. 80, the multicollinearity could be ignored. for extracting the factors, principal component analysis was used and 5 factors were retained as their eigen values


( 2003 ) argued that while the correlation coefficients in matrix table is less than 0. 80, the multicollinearity could be ignored. for extracting the factors, principal component analysis was used and 5 factors were retained as their eigen values is more than 1 ( table 9 ). | | total variance explained | extraction method : principal component analysis | extraction method : principal component analysis. kmo and bartletts sphericity used to test the sample appropriateness. the variables, which had loadings of less than 0. 5, were excluded and dimensions with eigen values of 1 or above ; were retained. thus, five factors have been extracted. extraction communalities are estimates of variance in each variable accounted for by the factors in the factor solution. according to table 10 all the variables are fit well in factor solution as all factors have value more than 0. 40. next task is interpretation and naming of factors. it is done by identifying the variables that have high loading on individual factors. for this purpose, rotated factor matrix ( table 11 ) is used. values close to the 1 represent high loading and close to 0 represent low loading. table 12 show the naming of factors that : factor 1 responsiveness : total variance explained ( table 9 ) has revealed that this factor explained variance of 20. 357 %. 7 variables ( 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and18 ) were loaded on this factor. researcher has named this factor as responsiveness as it includes bank and employees willingness to help the customers. factor 2 reliability : it has been found that 2nd important factor have explained variance of 15. 521 % and 4 variables ( 8, 9, 10 and 11 ) are loaded on this factor. as the variables related to reliability and accuracy of bank websites, are loaded on this factor, thus this factor is named as reliability. factor 3 efficiency : this is 3rd important factor, which accounts for 13. 865 % of the variance and 5 variables were loaded on this factor. as the variables related to speed and efficiency of bank website was loaded on this factor, this factor is named as efficiency. factor 4 privacy of transactional information : 3 variables loaded on this factor and together they account for 11. 573 % of the variance. variables related to collection and security of customers personal information was loaded high on this factor and thus researcher has named it as privacy of transactional information. factor 5 easiness to use : two variables load on this factor and together they account for 6. 365 % of the variance. easy


customers personal information was loaded high on this factor and thus researcher has named it as privacy of transactional information. factor 5 easiness to use : two variables load on this factor and together they account for 6. 365 % of the variance. easy to navigate and easiness to find information on website load high on this factor and thus researcher has named this factor as easiness to use. analysis of variable and f - test between factors and demographic variables comparative age - wise analysis : table 13 indicates that hypothesis ( 4 ) is rejected partially. thus it can be said that all factors determining the satisfaction level of customers except efficiency and privacy of information are independent of age. post - hoc analysis ( table 13a and b ) further revealed that satisfaction level of customers belonging to age group 31 - 50 years are effected by efficiency of bank website and privacy of information as compared to customers of age groups of less than 30 years and above 50 years. | | rotated factor matrix | note : extraction method : principal component analysis. rotation method : varimax with kaiser normalization. a rotation converged in 17 iterations | | naming of factors | | anova and f - test between age and factors comparative customers profession - wise analysis : table 14 indicate hypothesis ( 5 ) is completely accepted. thus it can be said that all the factors determining the satisfaction level of customers are independent of profession. comparative gender - wise analysis : according to table 15, hypothesis ( 6 ) is partially rejected. thus, it can be said that all the factors except easiness to use website, determining the satisfaction level of customers are independent of gender. comparative status of usage analysis : table 16 revealed that hypothesis ( 7 ) is also partially rejected. so it can be said that all the factors except reliability of website, determining the satisfaction level of customers are independent of status of usage. | | post hoc analysis : age and efficiency | note : the mean difference is significant at the 0. 05 level | | post hoc analysis : age and privacy of information | note : the mean difference is significant at the. 05 level. | | anova and f - test between customers profession and factors | | anova and f - test between gender and factors | | anova and f - test between status of usage and factors post - hoc analysis ( table 16a ) further revealed that satisfaction level of customers who are using the internet banking from last 2 years are more satisfied and influenced by the reliability of bank website. comparative status of number of banks usage : table 17 indicates that hypothesis (


hoc analysis ( table 16a ) further revealed that satisfaction level of customers who are using the internet banking from last 2 years are more satisfied and influenced by the reliability of bank website. comparative status of number of banks usage : table 17 indicates that hypothesis ( 8 ) is again partially rejected. thus it can be said that all the factors except responsiveness determining the satisfaction level of customers are independent upon the number of bank usage. the increasingly competitive environment in the financial services market has resulted in pressure to develop and utilize alternative delivery channels. the most recent delivery channel to be introduced is electronic or online banking. the term electronic banking is used to describe the provision of information or services by a bank to its customers, the majority of customers are very comfortable and willing to use ib services. hence, it is very important for iranian banks to have online banking services. it is well - accepted fact that, providing good customer service will increase the number of adopters after a while. several scholars have analyzed the demographic characteristics of ib customers ( pour mirza et al., 2009 ) but emphasis has been placed on analyzing behavioral, attitudinal and social characteristics of the bank clients. the empirical findings of the current study show that these characteristics have effective impacts on adoption of ib services. in terms of personal and social characteristics, this study contributes to this purpose, by identifying the iranian customers attitude toward ib services. finding of demographic characteristics of the research reveals that reliability and efficiency are important factors in level of customers satisfaction and there is a significant relation between these two variables with age and status of usage. this also supports the findings of ramayah et al. ( 2002 ) which found that most of the individuals are reluctant to use internet banking as they concerns over security and privacy issues. this is also supported by the findings of al - sabbagh and molla ( 2004 ), who found that perceived security and trust have emerged as the top issues inhibiting internet banking adoption. the finding about the impact of age on adoption of online banking services indicates that the effect of age is not prominent. therefore, age is not a crucial variable for banks that are planning to offer ib services. gefen and straub ( 2003 ) and pour mirza et al. ( 2009 ) confirm this argument. moreover ( gefen and straub, 2000 ), indicate gender has not been found to have a direct effect on adoption of technology in general, also the results of current study uphold this matter. | | post hoc analysis | note : the mean difference is significant at the. 05 level |


2000 ), indicate gender has not been found to have a direct effect on adoption of technology in general, also the results of current study uphold this matter. | | post hoc analysis | note : the mean difference is significant at the. 05 level | | anova and f - test between number of banks usage and factors the research show, customers do not trust e - banking for some reasons especially due to lack of the security of the system. also ( rotchanakitumnuai and speece, 2003 ; pour mriza et al., 2009 ) revealed that all the customers are very concerned about security in transaction processes. this results is in consistent with the results, which have been reported earlier by other scholar ( black et al., 2001 ; lee and turban, 2001 ; polatoglu and ekin, 2001 ; alam et al., 2007 ). indeed the purpose of this study is to show how the demographic factors are associated with individuals benefits and costs of adopting internet banking. this research have a general results for managers and customers, because researcher surveyed the public and private banks of iran instead of only one bankand therefore can complete other studies of ib in iran. the present study was aimed to identify the customer preferences towards the online banking and to find out the various service quality dimensions, which affect the customer satisfaction. factor analysis, reveals that the five factors that influence the satisfaction level of customers are responsiveness, reliability, efficiencyand privacy of information and easiness to use. hypothesis testing results show that first null hypothesis ( 1 ) is accepted and it can be concluded that there is no significant relation between age and preference of banks. twenty seven percent of service class customers and 5 % of business class customers have account in saman bank. the 2nd null hypothesis stating that there is no significant relation between profession of customer and preference of banks is also accepted. the third hypothesis, stating that there is no significant relation between genders and number of banks usage is also accepted. hypothesis ( 4 ) stating that all factors determining the satisfaction level of customers except efficiency and privacy of information are independent of age is rejected partially. post - hoc analysis revealed that satisfaction level of customers belonging to age group 31 - 50 years are effected by efficiency of bank website and privacy of information as compared to customers of age groups of less than 30 years and above 50 years. that mean customers in the middle age group are more concern about the efficiency of bank website and privacy of their personal information. banks should adopt various tools to improve the efficiency of website.


customers of age groups of less than 30 years and above 50 years. that mean customers in the middle age group are more concern about the efficiency of bank website and privacy of their personal information. banks should adopt various tools to improve the efficiency of website. the 5th hypothesis, factors determining the satisfaction level of customers is independent of profession, is completely accepted. the hypothesis ( 6 ) is partially rejected, it can be said that all the factors except easiness to use website, determining the satisfaction level of customers are independent of gender. hypothesis ( 7 ) stating that all the factors except reliability of website, determining the satisfaction level of customers are independent of status of usage is also partially rejected. post - hoc analysis further revealed that satisfaction level of customers who are using the internet banking from last 2 years are more satisfied and influenced by the reliability of bank website. that means the customers who are using the internet banking from less than 2 years have not trust on websites and afraid of using internet banking. the last hypothesis ( 8 ) is again partially rejected. thus it can be said that all the factors except responsiveness determining the satisfaction level of customers are independent upon the number of bank usage. the website is an important element in a banks marketing communications activities and giving better customer experience. it is therefore important to use it in an appropriate way and to provide rich contentand to keep it updated to attract and maintain customers. banks should consider that it is beneficial to spend time on the design because this can help the company attract visitors, which in turn can become customer. banks should conduct surveys and self assessment tests which should be actually related to the product and service line, which would in turn make the customers more educated about the companies offeringsand this could be done just by starting a blog or chat for the customers. banks should create platforms wherein customer can be free to express their opinion or give the feedback to the banks. and it is believed that firms who try to create such interaction are considered to be most successful in business. automated e - mail and instant massage should be used more extensively than it is at present. it is essential to assess the effectiveness of a website. by doing this, banks can improve their site and that helps to provide positive web experience to managers must know that ability and opportunity cost of time have significant impacts in explaining consumers adoption behavior for internet banking. also, consumers benefit and cost associated with attitude should be considered to decide the determinants of internet banking adoption and attend to consumers past consumption pattern, current situationand future expectations influenced internet banking adoption. although managers must


consumers adoption behavior for internet banking. also, consumers benefit and cost associated with attitude should be considered to decide the determinants of internet banking adoption and attend to consumers past consumption pattern, current situationand future expectations influenced internet banking adoption. although managers must analyzed variables by comparison between individuals benefit and costand find out the nature of each variable is based on the past, presentand future consumption. attention to this matter is essential that all of the various financial institutions can have the same functions in the financial market. therefore, the financial institutions have tried to exert competitive power in the market through various ways such as affiliations with other financial companies, downsizing their physical facilitiesand expanding their service scope. in this situation, internet banking has been attractive to the financial sector. companies can expect to save a lot of the cost of maintaining their large physical distribution systems by adopting internet banking. although many financial companies have realized the advantages of internet banking and launched this service, the companies have not obtained a lot of benefits yet because some consumers have not been ready to adopt internet banking. therefore, financial companies need to make an effort to provide information about internet banking based on accurate customer segmentation. usage of other banking technologies had a significant impact on internet banking adoption. this means that customers, who have mainly depended on traditional banking services such as checks, mail and phone, have lower probabilities to adopt internet banking. therefore, at first, retailers or marketers in banks and other financial companies should focus on customers who have already used other banking technologies to boost usage of internet banking. however, if financial companies have not had various banking services, it is difficult to grasp which consumers have experience of other banking technologies. financial companies need to have various banking services within a consolidated distribution system to grasp and to meet customers needs. if a financial company has only a few functions or a small number of distribution channels, the company will find it difficult to survive in the market. internet banking is growing. affiliations and business alliances can be an efficient way to increase internet banking use because marketers or retailers in the financial companies can segment customer groups more accurately based on customers various use of banking services. in conclusion, the study shows that internet banking is an integral part of web communication and provides a starting point for future studies to explore the issue of web standardization or localization for unity internet banking ( uib ) in the word. this research study encourages managers to understand global consumers perception of internet banking and their preference so as to understand the users psychology and then design uib to target the global audience


the science of motion approach in regard to navicular syndrome reflects the science of motion ’ s new level of thinking. in 1752, joseph bridge made the first diagnosis of navicular disease, as a lameness caused by changes in the distal sesamoid bone. no one remembers the name of the author, but everyone knows the title of his study : no foot no horse. in 1982, l. ostblom achieved an histological investigation of navicular bones. the examination revealed no evidence of loss of vitality in the diseased bone areas or in surrounding tissues. a very high rate of bone remodeling was present in all cases. “ the findings introduce the thought that navicular disease is not caused primarily by ischaemia and subsequent necrosis, but rather is a consequence of increased activation of bone remodeling due to altered pressure from the deep digital flexor tendon on the bone, as well as increased load on the caudal part of the foot. the disease is, therefore, considered to be reversible and may be alleviated by altering the load on the navicular bone by special shoeing. only secondary lesions such as adhesion and spur formation render the disease irreversible. ” ( l. ostblom – 1982 ) proper shoeing is necessary, but not sufficient. the kinematic abnormalities provoking excessive pressure from the deep digital flexor tendon on the back of the distal sesamoid bond need to be corrected. such correction requires a focus on the vertebral column malfunction from which originates the kinematic abnormalities. the science of motion approach examines equine athletic performances, tackles soundness issues, and resolves lameness problems by addressing the source of all the body ’ s movements, the bio - kinematics of the vertebral column. since the primary function of the back muscles is to reduce and manage forces created by the rear and front limbs as well as the forces of gravity, inertia forces, and rider ’ s movements, the entire reeducation is done in motion, riding the horse. in extreme cases, the reeducation commences working in hand. the problem of this horse, which is recorded here a few years after his recovery, was a back muscles imbalance that was creating early impact of the right foreleg. the kinematics abnormality induced excessive pressure from the deep digital flexor on the distal sesamoid bone. correcting the back muscles imbalance


his recovery, was a back muscles imbalance that was creating early impact of the right foreleg. the kinematics abnormality induced excessive pressure from the deep digital flexor on the distal sesamoid bone. correcting the back muscles imbalance, we modify the kinematics abnormality of the right front leg and consequently suppressed abnormal stresses. the horse becomes “ functionally sound in a six months period. he was sound when working under the saddle in specific body coordination. another six months were necessary to restore complete soundness as showed here in this short clip recorded in turn out. may be, as ostblom suggested, once abnormal stresses were no longer affecting the navicular bone, the remodeling process lead the horse back to soundness. since this first experiment, twenty eight horses have been reeducated through this approach. twenty seven of them regained soundness returning for many of them in the show ring. the recovery remained incomplete in one horse. the horse was sound working under the saddle but not fully sound in turn out. on the twenty seven horse that regained soundness and active life, jean luc reeducated personally only five horses. the twenty two other horses have been reeducated by their respective riders and trainers. jean luc did the initial analysis and designed the gymnastic program. the daily work was done by the horse ’ s rider who was in frequent contact with jean luc. two horses were driving horses and their reeducation has been done driving. no need to say that the driver was extraordinarily good. with experience, the gymnastic program becomes more efficient and the recovery time shortened markedly. although, the recovery time may differs widely form one horse to the other. we do not pretend that the approach is infallible, nor that every horses can be reeducated, the high rate of success is partially due to the fact that jean luc does not advise to attempt the reeducation if after studying the veterinary report, and analyzing the horse movement, jean luc does not feel that it might be possible to help the horse. however, considering that navicular disease is in most instance a career ending if not life ending diagnosis, such practical application of ostblom finding maybe worth to be considered.


the school of earth and space exploration ( sese ) at arizona state university ( asu ) has deployed more than a petabyte of clustered nas storage ernest bowman - cisneros, manager, lroc science operations center at sese, said his team needs to store petabytes of data in a single volume so it can handle the constant flow of images from the moon. his implementation is the type of " big data " storage emc executives have been talking about since completing the $ 2. 25 billion isilon acquisition last december. sese switched to isilon last year as the lro began sending data back, and after its previous storage setup choked while the team was digitizing images from the apollo space program. sese runs two 11 - node clusters of isilon nl - series storage with just under 700 tb of capacity on each cluster. the primary cluster is used for active data with a secondary cluster serving as a redundant copy stored in a separate site. sese uses isilon synciq software to synchronize data between the two clusters. bowman - cisneros said sese has published nearly 100 tb of data from the lunar camera in the first year of the project, and he expects it to generate approximately 170 tb a year from now on – 120 tb of published data plus about 50 tb of other data from the spacecraft. the lro is expected to remain in orbit between four and nine years. " we don ' t need fast i / o performance, but we do need a large storage solution, " bowman - cisneros said. " one of our biggest storage requirements was that we would be able to grow to multi - petabyte volumes. if we couldn ' t grow to those large volumes, we would have small pods and we ' d have to have a sufficiently high - speed solution to move data from one volume to the next. we couldn ' t do that with our budget. " bowman - cisneros said before the lro project, his group began storing data from the apollo scan project undertaken by nasa ' s johnson space center ( jsc ) in 2006 to digitize photographs taken from apollo missions. for the apollo scan project, sese originally used netapp storage running redundant red hat global file system ( gfs ) nodes set up by asu ' s high - performance computing ( hpc ) group. that project gave bowman - cisnero ' s team time to work out any storage problems before the lro cameras began sending back data beginning in 2010. six months into the


by asu ' s high - performance computing ( hpc ) group. that project gave bowman - cisnero ' s team time to work out any storage problems before the lro cameras began sending back data beginning in 2010. six months into the apollo project, the size of the clusters grew too large for sese ' s gfs heads and caused system crashes, bowman - cisneros said. one crash lasted a week. " according to red hat, we were running one of the largest back - end clusters to gfs, and we hit the limit of that implementation, " he said. " the size of the system and the way the system was being accessed freaked out the gfs heads. at one point, we had multiple heads, but after this [ one - week ] outage we had to revert to a single node so we could continue operations and not encounter this problem again. " he said the lro team never lost data but the crashes caused inconvenient delays. " that one node tended to lock up if it got very busy, and we ' d have to restart it, which caused minor delays in data processing, " he said. " if the load got very high on it, it actually took out the file system, lost state with back - end filers, and the storage solution went away and we ' d have to wait for it to re - start. so while the solution was working, it suffered from this performance problem and we also needed more storage for the next iteration of processing. " so after four years with his original storage system, bowman - cisneros decided it was time for an upgrade. he said he talked to approximately six nas vendors, and only isilon and ibm said they could fulfill the lro requirements. isilon pitched its nl - series and ibm proposed sonas based on its general parallel file system ( gpfs ). isilon quickly sent out a six - node test system early last december. bowman - cisneros said it " passed with flying colors " and lro has had isilon in full product for approximately a month. " isilon was very aggressive getting us equipment and making sure it was set up correctly, " he said. " we had a full implementation of their hardware set up in short order to test all our requirements and some of the issues we were having with the old solution. " he said the only problem he ' s had with isilon was a software patch that caused some problems with his secondary node but didn ' t impact day -


alice lesnick ' s resources in designing many of the prompts i wrote, i ( alice lesnick ) have drawn on the philosophy and practices of the institute for writing and thinking at bard college. our approach refuses easy divisions between personal and public meanings, academic and experiential knowledg. at base, the institute ’ s approach to writing to learn is based on the premise articulated by paul connolly ( the institute ’ s director between 1982 and 1998 ) that to think is to make language choices. learning to think is nourished by ongoing opportunities to write informally and in community. inquiry is playful. writing is revising. thus, the prompts i have crafted to follow each text are deliberately odd - angled, disarming, and playful. they are supposed to be surprising and to yield surprising ways forward. the prompts following each selection are presented in six categories : writing to read ; prompts for collaborative learning ; process writing ; writing back ; writing more ; and breaking media. the purposes of each of this are as follows : writing to read : these prompts are designed to invite readers, in class and outside, to use informal, focused freewritings to engage with the text. a focused freewriting takes about 8 minutes and is undertaken in a spirit of generativity, rather than precision. classmates frequently respond through the simple yet profound act of giving full attention without commentary or evaluation. such focused freewritings can be used as the basis for further writing and / or discussion. process writing : these prompts are designed to stimulate reflection, metacognition, and consideration of language. typical process writing prompts include : what can you notice about the language choices you made and how they further your thinking? what are your questions now? process writing is also a way to make sense of group learning experience : what did you learn from others in your group? how might you change your role in the group in order to learn more? prompts for collaborative learning : usually written as sequences of 3 - 4 questions, these prompts are means to stimulate brief, focused freewritings, of about 5 minutes each, that learners then share in groups of 3 - 4, seeking to discern what about their responses and interpretations they can agree to believe in common and what must remain in doubt. process writing about the experience of sharing responses to the questions in a group may follow and lead into whole - class discussion. writing more : these prompts invite readers to try out a move made by the text ’ s author by isolating


in doubt. process writing about the experience of sharing responses to the questions in a group may follow and lead into whole - class discussion. writing more : these prompts invite readers to try out a move made by the text ’ s author by isolating a structural or thematic element in the text and inviting the reader to compose in a parallel way. they extend the creative energy of the text and apply it to new writing. writing back : these prompts are designed to foster more formal, analytic, and critical engagement with the text at hand. writers may draw on these as well as on focused freewritings to begin creating direction and material for essay writing. breaking media : these prompts enable readers to respond to the text through media other than writing. through drawing, collage, and constructions, and working with images that will introduce each chapter ( as the proposal as a whole is now introduced with magda wojtyra ’ s work ), readers will be able to pursue thinking in an embodied way, and then use the artifacts they fashion as stimuli for further writing. it is important to emphasize that the book ’ s size and structure are meant to be invitational, not prescriptive, and to include teachers and writers as creative partners. when i envision the book ’ s adoption for a writing / critical thinking seminar, i anticipate that teachers would branch from it to areas of expertise or inquiry of their own. thus, an instructor interested in artificial intelligence might use the book as a take - off point for further work in the course on robots as “ breaking ” traditional definitions of the human. an anthropologist might pair breaking with a second course text on the role of children in interrupting, not only absorbing, cultural transmission by their elders. for a course given by someone in the arts, breaking could be used as an interpretive lens for experiencing and interpreting performance. the focus on breaking is meant, in its blend of specificity and openness, to serve as a curricular as well as potentially personal scaffold to enable people to reach and change.