open miracles. in the period of the judges and the first temple an individual could always make a free - will decision to reject judaism, worship idols and even use the impure spirituality of idolatry to perform magic and divination, but the presence of prophets and strong leadership made it virtually impossible to undermine the philosophy and practices of judaism. but when prophecy disappeared and central authority was weakened, it became easier for people to stray and for various holy institutions ( like the high priesthood ) to become corrupt. prophecy disappeared because the jewish people had damaged their relationship with god. they were spiritually weaker and could not do the same intense spiritual work required to achieve prophecy ( 6 ). to be a prophet you have to perfect yourself spiritually, you have to have total self control. it ' s the ultimate jewish expression of who being a great man is. the sages say, " who is a great man? he who conquers his inclination ( controls himself ). " [ ethics of the fathers, 4 : 1 ] prophecy in the jewish understanding is not just the ability to predict the future. it is a state of transcendence of the physical world. it means the prophet has entered such a high plane of understanding that he or she is able to communicate with the infinite and access information and understanding inaccessible to a normal person. moses was the ultimate prophet ― that is he reached the highest level of prophecy that is humanly possible. but there were many others ― hundreds of thousands, according to the talmud ― who achieved lesser levels and were prophets. in the story of saul, we talked about how the jewish people consulted the prophets on everything, including lost objects. but that phenomenon disappears during the early years of the second temple. " after the later prophets, haggai, zecharia, and malachi, had died, the prophetic spirit disappeared from the jewish people... " ( yoma 9b ) ( 7 ) if anyone is interested in how to become a prophet there is an instruction book available. it called " path of the just " and it was written in the 18th century by the great kabbalist, rabbi moshe chaim luzzato, also known as the ramchal. this is a guidebook on how to get complete control of yourself physically, emotionally and spiritually so you can transcend this world and become a prophet. in his book, the way of god, rabbi luzzatto clearly defines the concept of prophecy : the main concept of true prophecy is therefore that a living person achieves such an


spiritually so you can transcend this world and become a prophet. in his book, the way of god, rabbi luzzatto clearly defines the concept of prophecy : the main concept of true prophecy is therefore that a living person achieves such an attachment and bond with god. this in itself is certainly a very high degree of perfection. besides this, however, it is often accompanied by certain information and enlightenment. through prophecy one can gain knowledge of many lofty truths among god ' s hidden mysteries. these things are perceived very clearly... part of a prophet ' s career may include being sent on a mission by god ( 8 ). but even if you master that book, you will not be a prophet. why not? because the gates of prophecy are closed to us. why? because prophecy is only possible if the rest of the jewish people are also spiritually elevated. as an individual you can reach a tremendously high level but you can only reach so high. to get all the way to the top and break through the threshold, you ' ve got to " stand on the shoulders " of the jewish people because there has to be a minimum level of spirituality of the entire nation upon which to rest yourself so that you can reach the level of prophecy. if the nation drops below that level, that threshold, it doesn ' t matter how much you stand on your tippy - toes and reach up, you ' re not going to succeed. and during the second temple period, we ' re going to see the jewish people dropping below a certain threshold of spirituality which they ' re never going to attain again during the entire period. as we saw from the purim story - by the time we arrive at the period of the second temple, god ' s presence is hidden, the ark of the covenant is hidden as is prophecy. the talmud says there were definitely individuals living at this time, who, had they lived earlier, would most certainly have been prophets. " there is one among you who deserves that the shechina ( divine presence ) should rest on him as it did on moses, but his generation is not deserving. " ( sanhedrin 11a ) but the door to prophecy had been slammed in the face of the jewish people. and we are told that it will not be opened again until the messianic era. following the destruction of the first temple when it became apparent that the jewish people were growing weaker spiritually, a group of wise leaders came together ― expanding the sanhedrin, the jewish supreme court


another way make clean use of the abundant coal resource conventional coal - fired electric generating facilities capture just a third of the energy available in the fuel they burn. fuel cells can convert significantly more of the energy, approximately 50 percent. if gas turbines and fuel cells could be combined into hybrid systems, researchers believe they could capture as much as 80 percent of the energy, reducing the amount of coal needed to produce a given amount of energy, potentially cutting carbon emissions.... but that would only be possible if the fuel cells could run for long periods of time on coal gas, which now deactivates the anodes after as little as 30 minutes of operation. the carbon removal system developed by the georgia tech - led team uses a vapor deposition process to apply barium oxide nanoparticles to the nickel - ysz electrode. the particles, which range in size from 10 to 100 nanometers, form " islands " on the nickel that do not block the flow of electrons across the electrode surface. when water vapor introduced into the coal gas stream contacts the barium oxide, it is adsorbed and dissociates into protons and hydroxide ( oh ) ions. the hydroxide ions move to the nickel surface, where they combine with the carbon atoms being deposited there, forming the intermediate coh. the coh then dissociates into carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which are oxidized to power the fuel cell, ultimately producing carbon dioxide and water. about half of the carbon dioxide is then recirculated back to gasify the coal to coal gas to continue the process. " we can continuously operate the fuel cell without the problem of carbon deposition, " said liu, who is also co - director of georgia tech ' s center for innovative fuel cell and battery technologies. the researchers also evaluated the use of propane to power solid oxide fuel cells using the new anode system. because oxidation of the hydrogen in the propane produces water, no additional water vapor had to be added, and the system operated successfully for a period of time similar to the coal gas system. solid oxide fuel cells operate most efficiently at temperatures above 850 degrees celsius, and much less carbon is deposited at higher temperatures. however, those operating temperatures require fabrication from special materials that are expensive – and prevent solid oxide fuel cells from being cost - effective for many applications. reducing the operating temperatures is a research goal, because dropping temperatures to 700 or 750 degrees celsius would allow the use of much less expensive components for interconnects


– and prevent solid oxide fuel cells from being cost - effective for many applications. reducing the operating temperatures is a research goal, because dropping temperatures to 700 or 750 degrees celsius would allow the use of much less expensive components for interconnects and other important components. however, until development of the self - cleaning process, reducing the operating temperature meant worsening the coking problem. " reducing the operating temperature significantly by eliminating the problem of carbon deposition could make these solid oxide fuel cells economically competitive, " liu said. fuel cells powered by coal gas still produce carbon dioxide, but in a much purer form than the stack gases leaving traditional coal - fired power plants. that would make capturing the carbon dioxide for sequestration less expensive by eliminating large - scale separation and purification steps, liu noted. the researchers have so far tested their process for a hundred hours, and saw no evidence of carbon build - up. _ po the problem with making the removal of co2 a priority, is that it destroys whatever profitability exists within the coal energy sector. but destroying coal energy production has always been one of president obama ' s long - term goals, as he confessed to supporters in san francisco before being elected in 2008. when so much of the government of the world ' s only superpower is dedicated to the destruction of reliable forms of energy such as coal, nuclear, oil sands, unconventional gas, offshore oil, etc etc, it becomes difficult for industry and commerce to survive. since the prosperity and power of the world ' s only superpower is based upon its industrial and commercial might, it appears that the obama administration is committing democide and a grand scale, via its broad policies of energy starvation. images transplanted from an earlier posting at afe


for families who share sleep with their children, it can be hard to understand why such a nurturing practice leads to so many raised eyebrows. despite the cultural taboo against co - sleeping, there are many practical reasons why you should feel good about sleeping next to your children at night. protection from nighttime dangers human infants are born helpless and need constant care. throughout human history, mothers have slept with their babies to protect and care for them during the night. the modern convention of putting babies to sleep in a separate room from their parents does not in fact benefit the baby. co - sleeping increases the chances that a parent will be able to quickly respond and intervene in the event that their baby is in crisis. co - sleeping babies also enjoy added benefits of sleeping in physiological harmony with their moms which helps to regulate the infant ' s breathing, sleep state, arousal patterns, heart rates and body temperature. lowers risk for sids one of the main arguments used against co - sleeping is that it will increase the risk of sids. this has not been proved true. in fact, according to dr. william sears, parenting expert, pediatrician and author of the book, the baby sleep book and sids : a parent ' s guide to understanding and preventing sudden infant death syndrome, “ co - sleeping, if practiced wisely and safely, can actually lower the risk of sids. ” during his research, sears has found more than 250 scientific references to support the benefits and disprove the myths about the dangers of bed - sharing. promotes deeper bonding and self - esteem a deep sense of love and trust develops among family members who share sleep. bed - sharing is not only good for infants, it is good for toddlers and children of all ages. although western culture often views children who sleep with their parents as spoiled and dependent, the opposite is actually true. sharing sleep allows children to feel safe and comfortable at night because they know that an adult caregiver is always nearby. giving children the opportunity to develop independence naturally has been proven in many studies to correlate directly with increased self - esteem, less behavioral problems, less risky behaviors and increased happiness and satisfaction with life. co - sleeping children are less likely to suffer from stress disorders than children who did not share sleep with their parents. for breastfeeding moms, co - sleeping is the most convenient and comfortable sleeping arrangement because it does not require the mother to get out of bed several times a night to nurse her baby. not only do nursing moms get more sleep and feel more rested


land. ” thus the island was “ pacified ” by favor of the lord, says ferdinand in his biography of his father : two squadrons of infantry assaulted the multitude of indians, putting them to rout with crossbow shots and guns and before they could rally they attacked with horses and dogs. by these means those cowards fled in every direction and the destruction was so great that in brief time the victory was complete. … not only did his divine majesty ’ s hand guide him [ columbus ] in achieving the victory but he also imposed such a severe shortage of food and such varied and grave infirmities that the indians were reduced to a third of the number they had been before, so it is clear that from his divine guidance such a marvelous victory ensued. … now an ingenious plan occurred to columbus for imposing profitable servitude in situ of the entire native population. he decreed that every indian over fourteen years of age inhabiting the two large areas of cibao and vega real, where gold had been found along the riverbeds, must pay tribute every three months of enough gold dust or grains to fill a hollow cascabel ( hawksbell ). those living some distance from the sources of gold would be allowed to substitute an arroba ( about twenty - five pounds ) of cotton. to ensure compliance with the order columbus devised a metal disk to be hung around the neck of each native, showing whether he was up to date with the tribute. those in arrears were punished ; any who rebelled or tried to flee were hunted down and sold into slavery in castile. washington irving, from whose pen came the most eloquent account of the plight of the unhappy islanders, wrote : in this way was the yoke of servitude fixed upon the island and its thralldom effectually insured. deep despair now fell on the natives when they found a perpetual task inflicted upon them. … weak and indolent by nature, unused to labor of any kind and brought up in the untasked idleness of their soft climate and their fruitful groves, death itself seemed preferable to a life of toil and anxiety. they sawno end to this harassing evil which had so suddenly fallen upon them ; … no prospect of a return to that roving independence and ample leisure so dear to the wild inhabitants of the forest. the pleasant life of the island was at an end. … they were now obliged to grope day by day with bending body and anxious eye along the borders of their rivers, si


catching the rain : a great lakes resource guide to natural stormwater management - read the full report ( pdf ) most people would agree that getting caught outside during a rainstorm is an unpleasant experience. in addition to getting soaked by the rain, one has to negotiate the many puddles and running water, or " stormwater runoff " that form during a storm. most people would also agree that, despite the occasional discomforts, rain is an essential part of life, providing fresh water for our rivers, plants, lakes, and ultimately for us to drink. whether we get water from a well, a river, or other sources, rainwater is critical for replenishing our drinking water supplies. unfortunately, stormwater runoff from developed areas is a significant cause of water pollution in the united states. storm water runoff from residential, commercial, and industrial areas is responsible for 21 percent of the united state ' s impaired lakes and 45 percent of its impaired estuaries. this is the second highest source of water pollution after agricultural runoff. the question for citizens, developers and municipalities today is how to best manage stormwater runoff. when managed properly, water is a valuable resource. however, when stormwater is managed like a waste product it exacerbates or creates flooding, and becomes contaminated with pollutants. this handbook is intended to provide a concise resource guide to more natural, or " soft path " solutions for stormwater problems. these methods are also sometimes referred to as “ green infrastructure ”, “ soft path ”, or “ low impact development ”. natural methods offer greater environmental benefits, are more visually attractive, and can in many cases, be less expensive than traditional methods of stormwater control. natural stormwater controls, particularly lid methods, are becoming increasingly popular in neighborhoods and cities across the country. these types of approaches cannot solve all stormwater problems, particularly in areas where large amounts of pollution and sediment are carried with stormwater runoff. in these cases conventional methods, such as detention ponds, may be more practical. but soft path methods, when applied across a site or area, can reduce many small sources of stormwater that together add up to a significant reduction in runoff volume and pollutants. there is a great deal of information available on soft path approaches, with sources tailored to engineers, landscape professionals, municipal staff, elected officials, and homeowners. this handbook offers an easy reference to a variety of low impact development approaches suitable for the great lakes region. it is not meant to be a technical design tool, but rather a foundation


biomolecules and nanotechnology evolution has forced innovative solutions to biomolecular problems. some may inform the growing field of nanotechnology the term " nanotechnology " commonly refers to a speculative field that proposes to build machinery so small its components are measured on a scale of billionths of a meter ( nanometers ) using many of the principles of macroscopic engineering. in his books, k. eric drexler has popularized the design and computer modeling of many of these machines, including nano - scale manipulators to build objects atom by atom, bearings and axles built of diamond - like lattices of carbon, waterwheel - like pumps to extract and purify molecules and tiny computers with moving parts whose size is within atomic scale. the goals of these compelling machines are precision, with every structure and action controlled at the level of individual atoms, and parsimony, performing tasks at the minimum size necessary. you might be surprised to learn that nanotechnology was perfected more than three billion years ago. indeed, working examples of each of these machines exist today within living cells. nanoscale manipulators for building molecule - sized objects were discovered by the earliest cells and are now used to build proteins and other molecules atom by atom according to defined instructions. rotating bearings are found in many forms : clamps that encircle dna and slide along its length may be found in the simplest bacteria. our own cells contain a rotary motor used not to power motion but instead to generate energy. cells use a large collection of molecule - selective pumps to import ions, amino acids, sugars, vitamins and all of the other nutrients needed for living. cells also use molecular computers, which, by altering their shapes, " read " the concentration of surrounding molecules and compute the proper functional outcome. by evolutionary search and modification over trillions of generations, living organisms have perfected a plethora of molecular machines, structures and processes. figure 2 presents a few examples of the rich bio - nanotechnology that may be found in every modern cell. biological molecules are proven examples of the feasibility, and the utility, of nanotechnology. our lives depend on them. they are foreign, however, to our everyday experience, with unusual organic shapes and unfamiliar properties. bio - nanomachines are often the same size and complexity as the speculative nanomachines being designed today, but they bear little resemblance to the machinery of our macroscopic world. eric drexler ' s nanomanipulators


plant nutrients are essential to good health. to be as healthy as you can, you should eat every color of fruit and vegetable every day, because each color contains different plant nutrients, or phytonutrients, which act as antioxidants to protect your cells and also have specific health benefits. most people, however, find it difficult to attain the recommended goal of 9 – 13 daily servings. fortunately, the healthful plant - nutrient compounds that make fruits and vegetables so colorful are plentiful in nutrilite® supplements. you can trust nutrilite vitamins, minerals and supplements to fill in your daily nutritional gaps as you " color yourself healthy. " to keep your heart healthy, you should eat every color of fruit and vegetable every day. especially if you ’ re one of the estimated 230 million people around the world whose lifestyle choices result in smoking or carrying excess weight. those lifestyle factors make focusing on heart health even more crucial. so it ’ s even more important to eat a lot of different fruits and vegetables. the foods you eat need to support healthy brain functions. by eating fruits and vegetables of every color, you are providing your brain with nutrients that promote healthy cognitive functioning and improve both short - and long - term memory. for example, grapes contain resveratrol, which improves memory. nutrients that maintain strong, healthy bones build a stronger, healthier you. the bones you have today have to support your body for your entire life. by eating fruits and vegetables from each color, you are providing your body with nutrients that promote healthy bone cell growth and increase calcium absorption. asparagus and artichokes, for example contain inulin which has been shown to promote calcium absorption for strong bones. healthy joints are necessary to live an active lifestyle. by eating fruits and vegetables from each color, you are providing your joints with nutrients that promote strong joint structure. for example, tangerines and oranges contain vitamin c, which has been shown to improve the absorption of calcium, an important nutrient for healthy joint function. to keep your immune system at its peak, eat every color of fruit and vegetable every day. that ’ s because eating fruits and vegetables from each color gives you nutrients that help protect your cells and keep your immune system healthy. one of the best ways to ensure you have the energy needed to make it through your busy day is to eat every color of fruit and vegetable every day. that ’ s because eating fruits and vegetables from each color gives you the nutrients for optimal energy production. kidney beans


creation combines the knowledge of an individual with the subject matter of a suggestion in a way that makes them inseparable ( loftus, 1997 ). one type of false memory creation that does not involve implanting entirely false memories into an individual ' s mind is often termed the misinformation paradigm which was first used by elizabeth loftus ( 1975 ) in a study that examined suggestibility in adults. in the misinformation paradigm, participants watch a short film depicting an event and subsequently read an account of the event that happened in the film. half of the participants make up a control group that receive an accurate description of the event, whereas the other half of the participants, the experimental group, receive an account of the event that includes some information that was not present in the film they viewed ( i. e., misinformation ). finally, an information recognition test is given to all participants. studies have been conducted to examine individual differences in false memories. one such study was conducted by scullin and hembrooke ( 1997 ) to detect differences in suggestibility level between those who are the most accepting of false memories and those who are the least accepting. the authors utilized the gudjonsson suggestibility scale ( gudjonsson, 1984 ) in their study and discovered that the higher level of suggestibility a participant had, the more accepting of false memories they were. the literature does not show any studies examining the relationship between suggestibility and gender, however, it does show many studies examining the relationship between persuasibility / conformity level ( which relate to suggestibility ) and gender that have been conducted in the past ( e. g., eagly, 1978 ). all of these studies have found that females are generally more persuasible / conforming than males. the goals of the current study were to examine the relationship between misinformation and the number of items one incorrectly identifies on an information recognition test, the relationship between suggestibility and one ' s tendency to accept misinformation as correct, the relationship between gender and suggestibility, and the relationship between gender and the tendency to accept misinformation as correct. consisted of 18 participants ( 11 female, 7 male ) with a mean age of 19 years old who were selected from the department research pool at saint anselm college. this study utilized the gudjonsson suggestibility scale ( form 2 ; gss ; gudjonsson, 1987 ). scores on this scale were determined by the number of answers in which


the department research pool at saint anselm college. this study utilized the gudjonsson suggestibility scale ( form 2 ; gss ; gudjonsson, 1987 ). scores on this scale were determined by the number of answers in which an individual changed from a correct answer in the first trial to an incorrect answer in the second trial on suggestive questions. the other instrument utilized in this study was the misinformation paradigm first described by elizabeth loftus ( 1975 ). a misinformation paradigm was created for this study utilizing a video of a robbery ( donahue, 2000 ). the paradigm was scored in terms of the number of incorrect answers one scored on the information recognition test at the conclusion of the misinformation paradigm. in the misinformation ( i. e., experimental ) condition of the misinformation paradigm had a significantly greater number of incorrect answers on the information recognition test than did participants in the correct information ( i. e., control ) condition of the paradigm. results of this study also suggest that suggestibility is related to the number of incorrect answers an individual gives on an information recognition test in the misinformation paradigm, in that within the misinformation group, 75 % of those individuals considered highly suggestible ( i. e., changed their answer from correct to incorrect at least twice on the gss ), also answered at least two questions incorrectly on the information recognition test. therefore, the findings of this study suggest that both the misinformation paradigm and the gss may be used to identify the same individuals. finally, the results of this study pointed in the predicted direction for gender differences ( i. e., females changed their answer from incorrect to correct more times of this study suggest that eyewitness testimony in the judicial system should be carefully considered ; especially since the individual recalling the memory is not aware that his or her recall may be inaccurate. therefore, if possible, the testimony of more than one individual is at the very least appropriate, if not necessary, in all court cases using eyewitness testimony. any time it is necessary for an individual to recall an event in which enough time has passed for other information to be received by that individual, there is the potential for the memory of that event to be altered. this can affect all aspects of society, not just the legal aspects, although it may have potentially more harmful effects within the legal system. this web site contains all the articles and books written by elizabeth loftus on the topic of memories


december 10th, 2001 04 : 20 am hello everyone. im brand new to the group and i ' m wondering if anyone can point me in the direction of some good materials for learning assembly language. im looking for software, tutorials, source code, or anything that might help. preferably as low level as possible since i ' m brand new to it. december 10th, 2001 04 : 32 am assembly language is one of the toughest languages to learn. do you have programming knowledge? try looking up assembly language in a search engine like google and you should find all you need. good luck. december 10th, 2001 05 : 04 am december 10th, 2001 05 : 19 am good day to you! here are some sites which will help you in assembly language : 1 ) www. programmersheaven. com - this is one of my favorite sites. this contains a rich archive of tutorials. just use the search box for assembly lang. this site also contains good links to other programming related sites. assembly lang sites : 2 ) www. csis. hku. hk / ~ cmlee / asm / - it contains a basic tutorial for you to start. 3 ) http : / / asmjournal. freeservers. com / - an online mag. for assembly. a blessed day to you! " i expect to pass through life but once. if, therefore, there be any kindness i can show, or any good thing i can do for any fellow being, let me do it now … as i shall not pass this way again. " ~ william penn december 10th, 2001 07 : 10 am are you a progarmer??? thanks for give me these sites about assembly language december 10th, 2001 07 : 41 am \ " the more you ignore me... the closer i get! \ " december 10th, 2001 12 : 30 pm december 10th, 2001 04 : 54 pm city libraries also have old assembly books. there are a wealth of ressources online, as my comrades have already illustrated, though they neglected to mention one important ressource. there are those online who trade in books, book warez. you can usually find anything from highly technical books to science - fiction novels. your best bet is to hit irc. nullus. net and join # bookwarez. you ' ll find tons of assembly books for many architectures. have fun and good luck. december 10th, 2001 07 : 11 pm few different tutorials there. december 11th, 2001 03


professional codes of conduct american psychological association ( apa ) : the apa ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct consists of an introduction, a preamble, five general principles ( a – e ), and specific ethical standards. the introduction discusses the intent, organization, procedural considerations, and scope of application of the ethics code. the preamble and general principles are aspirational goals to guide psychologists toward the highest ideals of psychology. although the preamble and general principles are not themselves enforceable rules, they should be considered by psychologists in arriving at an ethical course of action. the ethical standards set forth enforceable rules for conduct as psychologists. most of the ethical standards are written broadly, in order to apply to psychologists in varied roles, although the application of an ethical standard may vary depending on the context. the ethical standards are not exhaustive. the fact that a given conduct is not specifically addressed by an ethical standard does not mean that it is necessarily either ethical or unethical. canadian psychological association ( cpa ) : this code articulates ethical principles, values, and standards to guide all members of the canadian psychological association, whether scientists, practitioners, or scientist practitioners, or whether acting in a research, direct service, teaching, student, trainee, administrative, management, employer, employee, supervisory, consultative, peer review, editorial, expert witness, social policy, or any other role related to the discipline of psychology. society for research in child development ( srcd ) : ethical standards for research with children


a - z topical index how to use suggest a link report broken link the classic explanation does leave some problems unsolved, however. little doubt exists that there are ideas, attitudes, and practices incorporated into many of the gnostic heresies that are found outside of hellenistic thought and much earlier than the second century of the christian era. in particular, the ultimate goal of the gnostics - - to return to the absolute deity beyond matter and to be in some sense absorbed into the deity - - belongs to near eastern pre - christian mystical thought and not primarily to the hellenistic world. the existence of such non - hellenistic features in the gnostic sects has occasioned studies of the possibility of there being a pre - christian gnosticism which could be understood in itself rather than as an heretical offshoot of the christian faith. some researchers came to the conclusion that there was a full - fledged, organized, pre - christian gnostic religion with a literature and most crucially - - the hope of a redeemer who would be sent from the true deity and ascend back to him after awakening the spiritual persons to their redemption. some radical scholars even went so far as to maintain that the way the early christians proclaimed christ was dependent on and modeled after such gnostic expectation. this view thus came to be almost the exact opposite of the classic view of the gnostic sects as christian heresies and made christianity heavily dependent on gnosticism. this quite radical view of gnosticism has been shown to be inadequate because no literary evidence whatsoever exists for a full - blown pre - christian gnosticism. as for a pre - christian gnostic redeemer expectation, it is now generally acknowledged that this was a figment of the researcher ' s imagination without any relevant documentary evidence. although the radical conclusions of some scholars regarding a highly developed pre - christian gnosticism have been discounted, it does seem clear that there were many ideas, assumptions, and perceptions about deity, reality, and the relationships of persons to gods and the world that were incorporated into the gnostic sects from outside hellenistic sources. two literary discoveries have both inspired and tended to support this line of research - - the dead sea scrolls at qumran in 1946 and the nag hammadi library in 1945 with many gnostic documents. the value of the study of gnosticism for interpreting the new testament is greatest from the point of view that there was a pre - christian gnosticism which was not an organized religion but was more a general attitude among thoughtful persons


the grey squirrel has a body of approximately 25cm ( 10inches ), and a long bushy tail which is approximately 22cm ( 9 inches ) in length. both males and females are of a similar size and weight, about 500g ( 1lb ). they are a silvery grey colour, and are sometimes tinged with an orange / red colour. indoors – squirrels will tear up insulation and chew woodwork and wiring. you may be able to determine their points of entry by looking for chewed holes in the facia and soffit boards. if they are in a loft, it is likely you will be able to hear them moving around. outdoors – squirrels in your garden can cause substantial damage. they will dig up bulbs and strip bark off of bushes and trees. they will also strip fruit from trees and dig holes in lawns to bury their acorns. squirrels are inquisitive creatures, and you are likely to see them running around the garden. no, squirrels do not pose a health risk, although they can cause substantial damage to the environment. if you think you have squirrels either in your property or your garden, arun district council is able to help. we offer a prompt and professional treatment, and may be able to offer advice on future prevention. all services are chargeable, and the charge will cover you until the treatment is complete, with no hidden extras. please call arun direct on 01903 737755 to arrange an appointment. please note, the fee will be payable at the time of booking, so please have your card details ready. all payments are non - refundable. we will attend your premises on the agreed date. our pest control officer will survey your property, and lay traps as appropriate. we will offer advice on prevention of re - infestation, and other contributory factors. after the first visit, a date will be agreed with you for us to return to check on how the treatment is proceeding. during this time, we will move reset traps as necessary. we will continue to visit until the treatment is complete. grey squirrels live about two years, although the female tends to live longer than the male. they have two litters a year, each producing between 2 - 6 young. the gestation period is approximately 44 days. in their natural habitat squirrels create a nest in a hole in a tree trunk called a drey, although they are just as at home in the insulation of an attic. squirrels are ‘ scatter hoarders ’ which means they hide their food


prostate cancer treatment and prevention hormone therapyhormone therapy, also called androgen deprivation therapy ( adt ), reduces levels of androgen, a hormone that stimulates the prostate cells to grow making the prostate shrink or grow slower during prostate cancer treatment. chemotherapychemotherapy uses anticancer drugs that are injected into the bloodstream or taken orally. these drugs spread throughout the body and are thus useful for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer or cancer that has spread ( metastasized ) to other parts of the body. depending on the features of the prostate cancer, any combination of these treatment options can be used. painkillers are usually also prescribed. how do i prevent prostate cancer? prostate cancer prevention generally focuses on three domains : diet, lifestyle and medication. - avoid high - fat foods, particularly foods high in saturated fats. - limit red meat and processed meats. - drink less alcohol, generally no more than two drinks per day for most men. - eat a variety of fruits, vegetables and whole grains. - foods rich in lycopenes may prevent dna damage ( tomatoes, pink grapefruit and watermelon ). - broccoli, cauliflower or other cruciferous vegetables may reduce the risk of disease. - soy products, legumes, pomegranate juice, and green tea may reduce the risk, though the evidence is not entirely clear. - vitamin supplements such as vitamin e or selenium may lower prostate cancer risk, but it seems unclear, and heavy dosages of multivitamins may actually increase the risk ( if you are considering vitamin supplementation, talk to a doctor ). - eat foods rich in omega - 3 fatty acids. - increase aerobic activity. - try to maintain a healthy weight. - several studies have suggested that a high ejaculation frequency ( through sex or masturbation ) has a protective effect ( around 20 times or more per month seems most beneficial ) - - like you really needed another reason. medicationsfinasteride ( proscar ) may be useful in preventing prostate cancer risk if taken daily for a long period of time. this prostate cancer medication works by preventing the body from making androgen. though it might lower the risk, it may also make cancer more aggressive and also affects sexual function. prostate possibilitiesprostate cancer is a common cancer in men, but it is highly treatable and manageable. continuing research will lead to improvements in diagnosis, treatment and prevention, ensuring that future decades of men worry


what to expect from comet panstarrs in february southern - sky viewers have all the luck this month. january 31, 2013 as comet panstarrs makes its first trip through the inner solar system, it could brighten to naked - eye visibility late in february for observers in the southern hemisphere. / / astronomy : roen kelly as february opens, comet panstarrs ( c / 2011 l4 ) is acting the way many comets do — unpredictably. astronomers at the university of hawaii discovered this object june 7, 2011. by now, it should have reached a brightness that would let observers from a dark site see it without optical aid. and although the comet is visible through even small binoculars, it unfortunately isn ’ t living up to predictions. comet panstarrs currently glows at approximately magnitude 7. astronomers use the magnitude system to describe the brightness of any celestial object ; the smaller the number, the brighter the object. most people can see a magnitude 6 star from a dark site without optical aid. but, unlike a star, a comet is an extended object, so its brightness spreads out a bit. to reach naked - eye visibility, comet panstarrs will have to rise fivefold in brightness, which, hopefully, will happen in about a week. for complete coverage of comet panstarrs, visit www. astronomy. com / panstarrs. on february 1, the comet lies in the obscure constellation telescopium, and it is visible only to those who live in southern latitudes. on that date, from latitude 30° south ( the approximate position of santiago, chile, and perth and sydney, australia ), comet panstarrs will stand 15° above the southeastern horizon at the start of morning twilight. and it will lie 10° or more above the horizon through the 13th. unfortunately, the comet will remain invisible to northern hemisphere observers throughout february. so, if you live far enough south, to find comet panstarrs in the morning sky february 1, look 1. 5° southeast of the brighter of the two suns that make up the double star arkab, also known as the beta ( β ) star in the constellation sagittarius the archer. through binoculars or a telescope, you ’ ll see what looks like a cotton ball with a short tail pointing to the southwest. on the 26th, the comet will lie less than 3° east - southeast of the brilliant star fomalhaut in the constellation piscis austrinus the southern fish. locate comet c / 2011 l


short tail pointing to the southwest. on the 26th, the comet will lie less than 3° east - southeast of the brilliant star fomalhaut in the constellation piscis austrinus the southern fish. locate comet c / 2011 l4 ( panstarrs ) in your night sky with stardome. to ensure the comet is displayed, click on the " display... " drop - down menu under options ( lower right ) and make sure " comets " has a check mark next to it. then click the " show names... " drop - down menu and make sure " comets " is checked there, too. those eager amateur astronomers who live at latitude 40° north will begin to see the comet in the morning sky in mid - march. veteran comet - watcher and astronomy contributing editor raymond shubinski points out an important fact : “ although the comet may be disappointing to the eye, point a camera — or, better yet, a camera attached to a telescope — at it, and the detail you capture may surprise you. ” both photographers and visual observers are hoping that the comet will fool predictors once again and rise to a brightness that makes it an easy catch under a dark sky. so, stay tuned to astronomy. com for comet panstarrs updates. expand your observing with these online tools from astronomy magazine - special coverage : find everything you need to know about comet panstarrs in astronomy. com ' s year of the comet section. - video : get ready for 2013 ' s first naked - eye comet, with senior editor richard talcott - stardome : locate comet c / 2011 l4 ( panstarrs ) in your night sky with our interactive star chart. to ensure the comet is displayed, click on the " display... " drop - down menu under options ( lower right ) and make sure " comets " has a check mark next to it. then click the " show names... " drop - down menu and make sure " comets " is checked there, too. - observing overview : see what predictions are for the length of comet panstarrs ' trip to the inner solar system. images : submit images of comet panstarrs to our online reader gallery. discussion : ask questions and share your observations in our reader forums. - sign up for our free weekly e - mail newsletter.


ultraviolet ( uv ) light is electromagnetic radiation in the approximate wavelength range 10 to 400 nm. it has wavelengths shorter than visible light but longer than x - rays and is invisible to the human eye. the ultraviolet wavelength range is broadly divided in order of decreasing wavelength into the near ultraviolet ( nuv ; closest to the wavelength of visible light ), the far ultraviolet ( fuv ) and the extreme ultraviolet ( euv ; closest to the wavelength of xrays ). the sun is a source of ultraviolet radiation which is harmful to human skin. the earth ’ s ozone layer blocks the majority of the sun ’ s uv - radiation, which is beneficial for us but hampers ground - based ultraviolet astronomy. instead, ultraviolet - wavelength telescopes must be put into space on satellites. astrophysical sources of ultraviolet light are hot objects ( t ~ 106 - 108 k ) including young, massive ob stars, evolved white dwarfs, supernova remnants, the sun ’ s corona and gas in galaxy clusters. ultraviolet light was discovered by johann wilhelm ritter in 1801 when he noticed that invisible light beyond the optical region of the electromagnetic spectrum darkened silver chloride. he split sunlight using a prism and then measured the relative darkening of the chemical as a function of wavelength. the region just beyond the optical violet region produced the most darkening, and hence was eventually christened ‘ ultra ’ violet.


by cameron chai keithley instruments has recently brought out an e - handbook titled, ‘ ensuring the accuracy of nanoscale electrical measurements ’, free copy, of which can be downloaded on request from the company at http : / / www. keithley. com / pr / 087. the handbook has been categorized into different sections, including nanotech testing challenges, electrical measurement considerations, electrical noise, source - measure instruments, pulsing technologies, and avoiding self - heating problems. also included are descriptions on graphene, a single - atom - thick crystal of carbon, which is used in semiconductor manufacture instead of silicon. a chapter on low - level measurement terminology has been included, besides a guide to choosing instruments that are ideal for nanotechnology applications. links to webinars, white papers, and notes application related to each area have also been inserted. keithley instrumentation is developing superior nanotechnology applications. ample experience in designing highly - responsive measurement tools allow keithley to offer university, corporate, and government labs across the globe with solutions for exploring new materials and systems. it collaborates with the institute of electrical and electronics engineers ( ieee ), nanotechnology centers of excellence, customers, and nanotechnology measurement equipment providers and distributors in an endeavor to develop comprehensive nano - test platforms. the handbook also includes inputs from these partners.


the uterus is situated on top of the bladder. as your pregnancy progresses, the weight of the uterus may place pressure on the bladder, in addition some pregnancy hormones affect the bladder and attached organs, and this can increase the risk of bacteria ascending into the bladder and creating a urinary tract infection ( uti ). the main bacteria responsible for a uti is escherichia coli. an untreated uti can get worse and develop into pyelonephritis, an infection of one or both kidneys. from the 6th to 24th week of gestation, pregnant women are more likely to have a uti than any other time during pregnancy. however, infection can occur at any stage of gestation. symptoms of a urinary tract infection during pregnancy some women experience only a small number of symptoms and other experience extreme pain and a plethora of symptoms. if you are experiencing any of the following symptoms, talk to your obstetrician about the possibility of a uti. complications of a urinary tract infection during pregnancy urinary tract infections are simple enough to cure with proper diagnosis, but if the condition goes untreated, it can lead to a kidney infection. kidney infections increase the risk of preterm labor and lower than average birth weight. proper treatment of the uti is necessary to prevent complications. treatment of a urinary tract infection during pregnancy utis are treated with a course of antibiotics. the course typically lasts between three and seven days, depending on the severity of the infection and your previous medical history. some patients who suffer from recurring utis during pregnancy may be placed on a low - dose course of antibiotics to prevent re - infection. preventing a urinary tract infection women who want to prevent a urinary tract infection, especially during the prime time for infection between the 6th and 24th week of gestation, can make some simple lifestyle changes, including : as long as the uti is caught early, women typically recover 100 - percent after taking an antibiotic. recurring utis are rare, but they do happen, so your doctor may talk with you about making changes to avoid future infection or about taking a long - course antibiotic to prevent future infections during pregnancy. some women require longer courses of antibiotics to cure the infection.


the mother - son relationship is a dynamic one, in which both people become richer. sons help mothers learn about males in a new way and appreciate a world that may seem foreign to them, according to linda stone fish, ph. d., professor of marriage and family therapy in the college of human services and health professions at syracuse university. " because we live in a time when the ' battle of the sexes ' is a hot topic, we have been taught that men and women live in entirely different worlds : they think differently, want differently, live differently, etc. stereotyping limits the ways we view each other in dramatic ways, and is also inaccurate, " dr. stone fish explained. " having sons helps women love and appreciate masculinity for all of the wonderful things it is. we women have been taught that anything masculine is foreign, ugly, bad, or to be curbed, but having boys and seeing all the various ways that masculinity is experienced allows mothers to appreciate the complexity of the human spirit, " she noted. self worth and respect a mother ' s role also is elemental in building a boy ' s self - esteem. " mothers lend their sons their feelings of self worth. if mothers see themselves as important ( but not too important ), their sons feel important and worthy of love, " said dr. stone fish, who, in addition to being a therapist in private practice in the city of syracuse, is also the mother of four sons. " mothers who are ' important ' convey two main messages to their sons : if i am important then you are important ; and i am important so i am worthy of your kindness, which i will affirm, " she said. " this second message, which is often dramatically overlooked in the child development literature, is perhaps the most important ingredient to helping children develop into wonderful adults, " said dr. stone fish. mothers can serve as good models of how to treat a woman with respect, according to dr. coleman, a psychologist in private practice in san francisco specializing in family and parenting issues. " mothers who let themselves be dominated or controlled by sons are more likely to do the same in their own marriages, " he said. " however, mothers who can comfortably learn to set limits with their sons and act in a healthy self - interested way produce sons who are better friends and partners to women, " explained dr. coleman, who is also on the training faculty of the san francisco psychotherapy research group and has served on the clinical faculties of the university of


best swiss cheese recipes keywords : swiss cheese see just those with " swiss cheese " in their title refine my search the large holes in swiss cheese are called " eyes, " and any swiss cheese without eyes is referred to as " blind. " american swiss cheeses are mass - produced imitations of the original emmental and gruyere varieties, very famous cheeses made in switzerland. the large holes in swiss cheese are called “ eyes, ” and any swiss cheese without eyes is referred to as “ blind. ” the eyes are formed during the later stages of cheese production when the bacteria p. shermani absorbs lactic acid released by other bacteria and then gradually releases carbon dioxide. the carbon dioxide forms expanding bubbles that make up the eyes. historycheese has long been an important specialty of the swiss. switzerland ’ s oldest and most well - known cheese, emmental, has been produced since 1293 in the emmental valley. varietiesamerican swiss cheese is a manufactured quickly on a large scale so that it is widely available at a low price. allowed to age for only four months, its flavor lacks the richness of genuine swiss cheeses, but it nevertheless makes a tasty and popular sandwich addition. emmental ( emmentaler, emmenthaler ) swiss cheese is the most famous of switzerland ’ s original cheeses. its flavor is mild with fruity, nutty and buttery tones, and its eyes range from very small to olive - sized. gruyere swiss cheese is sweeter than emmental because it is made with a fattier cow ’ s milk. its holes generally shrink during its 10 to 12 month aging period, making them much smaller and more evenly - spaced than those of emmental. baby swiss cheese is another cheese marketed in the u. s., which shows fewer eyes and offers a milder flavor than other swiss cheeses. these unique characteristics result from the use of water rather than milk ’ s whey during production, which slows bacterial growth. buying tipsthe presence of larger eyes in a swiss cheese is generally a reliable indicator of a more distinctive flavor. a longer aging period or warmer conditions cause the eyes to grow larger, and the enzymes and bacteria enrich the cheese ’ s flavor. don ’ t purchase swiss cheese that sports a gray rind ; it most likely means that the cheese has aged too long or has not been packaged properly. when looking for a genuine, aged gruyere cheese, make sure to check the label. there are many processed, imitation


calorie needs : calculate your basal metabolic rate your bmr ( basal metabolic rate ) is the number of calories your body needs each day to simply perform basic functions. from the time you go to sleep one night until you go to sleep the next night, your body is using calories to fuel the body. nearly 75 percent of the calories you eat each day are used by the body for this purpose. you expend energy no matter what you ' re doing - - even when you are sleeping. it takes calories each day to breathe, build new red and white blood cells, build muscle tone, pump blood throughout the body, think, raise or lower your body temperature, and all other basic body functions - - not to mention the calories needed for moving around, working, reading and everything else you do in a day. if you ' ve noticed that every year, it becomes harder to eat whatever you want and stay slim, you ' ve learned that your bmr decreases as you age. likewise, depriving yourself of food in hopes of losing weight also decreases your bmr, as your body adjusts how it burns fuel depending upon the amount of fuel it is given. if you eat more calories than your body metabolism needs, you will gain weight. there are 3, 500 calories in every pound of body fat. so, if you eat 500 calories more a day than your body needs, you will gain one pound every week. knowing your bmr can help you maintain your weight, because you will know approximately how many calories you need each day to perform basic bodily functions ; and help you determine your exercise needs. your bmr is influenced by many factors : gender - - men have a greater muscle mass and a lower body fat percentage. this means they have a higher basal metabolic rate medications - - some drugs slow down the bmr dramatically genes - - some people are born with faster metabolisms, some with slower metabolisms ; this genetic metabolic fact cannot be changed age - - bmr reduces with age. after age 20, it drops about 2 per cent per decade exercise - - physical exercise influences body weight by burning calories, but it also helps raise your bmr by building extra lean tissue ( lean tissue is more metabolically demanding than fat tissue ), so you burn more calories even when sleeping weight - - the more your weight, the higher your bmr ; for example : the metabolic rate of obese women is 25 percent higher


lean tissue is more metabolically demanding than fat tissue ), so you burn more calories even when sleeping weight - - the more your weight, the higher your bmr ; for example : the metabolic rate of obese women is 25 percent higher than the metabolic rate of thin women body surface area - - the greater your body surface area factor, the higher your bmr, i. e., tall, thin people have higher bmrs body fat percentage - - the lower your body fat percentage, the higher your bmr ; the higher body fat percentage in the male body is one reason why men generally have a 10 - 15 percent higher bmr than women diet - - starvation, eating disorders or serious abrupt calorie - reduction can dramatically reduce bmr by up to 30 percent ; restrictive low - calorie weight loss diets may cause your bmr to drop by as much as 20 percent other factors - - other factors include : body temperature and health, hormones, external temperature, and glands / glandular function a regular routine of cardiovascular exercise can increase your bmr, improving your health and fitness when your body ' s ability to burn energy gradually slows down. calculating your bmr calculate calories for basic needs. multiply your weight in pounds by 10 ( for women ) and 11 ( for men ). _ _ _ lbs. x 10 = _ _ _ _ _ calories for basic needs calculate calories for physical activity. use the chart below to determine your activity level. _ _ _ _ _ calories for basic needs x _ _ _ % activity level = _ _ _ _ calories for activity | | examples of activities | | sitting, driving, sleeping, reading, typing | | light exercise, < 2 hours per day | | moderate exercise, gardening, dancing, little sitting | | active in physical sports or labor - intensive job, such as construction worker calculate calories for digestion of food. add calories for basic needs ( # 1 ) and calories for activity level ( # 2 ), then multiply by 10 %. ( _ _ _ calories for basic needs + _ _ _ _ calories for activity ) x 10 % = _ _ _ calories for digestion calculate total energy needs. add calories from each section to get total energy needs. _ _ _ calories for basic needs + _ _ _ calories for activity + _ _ _ calories for digestion = _ _ _ _ total energy needs to lose weight, you


solar neutrino experiments neutrinos are ghostlike particles that were postulated by wolfgang pauli in 1930 on purely theoretical grounds and, until recently, were believed to have zero mass. they are thought to be produced in the nuclear reactions that provide the sun ' s energy. they rain down on each square inch of the earth at the rate of about 400 billion per second. raymond davis jr. started investigating neutrinos that were produced in brookhaven ' s graphite research reactor and at a reactor at the savannah river plant in south carolina, in the 1950s. but these experiments were really the prelude to davisis major triumph, which came in the early 1970s, when he successfully detected solar neutrinos in a new experiment based in lead, south dakota ( image at right ). see more images of the detector. a solar neutrino was expected to produce radioactive argon when it interacts with a nucleus of chlorine. davis developed an experiment based on this idea by placing a 100, 000 - gallon tank of perchloroethylene, a commonly used dry - cleaning chemical and a good source of chlorine, 4, 800 feet underground in the homestake gold mine in south dakota and developing techniques for quantitatively extracting a few atoms of argon from the tank. the chlorine target was located deep underground to protect it from cosmic rays. also, the target had to be big because the probability of chlorine ' s capturing a neutrino was ten quadrillion times smaller than its capturing a neutron in a nuclear reactor. despite these odds, davis ' s experiment confirmed that the sun produces neutrinos, but only about one - third of the number of neutrinos predicted by theory could be detected. this so - called " solar neutrino puzzle " gave birth to different experiments by scientists around the world, all working to confirm the solar neutrino deficit. first came kamiokande in japan, then sage in the former soviet union, gallex in italy, and then super kamiokande. finally, in 2001 - 2002, scientists working at sno, the sudbury neutrino observatory in ontario, canada, found strong evidence that the neutrino has the ability to oscillate, or change form, among its three known types : the electron, muon and tau neutrinos. 1967 brookhaven national lab press release, " solar energy generation theory being tested in brookhaven neutrino experiment " ( pdf ) 1967 brook


according to the american lung association, next to influenza, pneumonia is ranked as the eighth leading cause of death in the united states. typically, pneumonia exists when a patient ’ s immune system is weakened due to another illness, such as bronchitis or the flu. many people develop it in the hospital. during the illness, seniors will need support from a caregiver. if a loved one has the flu, watch for these warning signs which could develop into pneumonia : - seek immediate medical attention is a loved one has difficulty breathing or shortness of breath, pain or pressure in the abdomen or chest, confusion, abrupt dizziness and / or continual vomiting. - dehydration and a worsening of any other medical conditions, such as heart problems, emphysema or asthma, are also cause for alarm. luckily, there are a few things you can do to treat a loved one at home to promote recovery. here are some tips for taking care of a loved one with pneumonia at home : - give your loved one plenty of fluids and make sure he or she rests, saving strength for recovery. fluids help loosen secretions so that the patient can bring up phlegm. - try to get your loved one to eat something that will build up his or her strength, such as lentil or chicken soup. - don ’ t let your loved one do any chores until he or she is stronger. - give your loved one aspirin or acetaminophen to control any fever. - wash your hands before preparing your loved one ’ s food or touching him or her. - make sure no visitors have colds or coughs. - try propping your parent up in bed to see if that helps his or her breathing. nearly 1 in 5 people with pneumonia make costly, stressful return trips to the hospital within the first 30 days of being diagnosed with the condition. individuals with pneumonia also are at a higher risk of having additional, underlying conditions that can make it more difficult to get better without assistance. research shows that many of these rehospitalizations are potentially preventable through the use of proactive, team - based care - coordination programs. brightstar care is equipped with the expertise and passion to work with patients, families, and physicians to reduce the likelihood of hospital readmissions for individuals with pneumonia. brightstar clinical pathways for pneumonia uses clinically proven methods to educate people with pneumonia and their families on the key aspects of the condition and how to monitor symptoms, adhere to a plan of care, take


mahavastuarticle free pass mahavastu, ( sanskrit : “ great story ” ), important legendary life of the buddha, produced as a late canonical work by the mahasanghika school of early buddhism and presented as a historical introduction to the vinaya, the section of the canon dealing with monastic discipline. its three sections treat the buddha ’ s former lives, the events from his entering the womb of queen maha maya to his enlightenment, and his first conversions and the rise of the monastic community. the text is exuberant in style, and in form, a labyrinth ; its central narrative is frequently interrupted by jatakas ( explanations of present events by incidents in the buddha ’ s previous lives ), avadanas ( similar tales from the previous lives of others ), and doctrinal discourses. the life of the buddha itself is presented as a profusion of miracles and wondrous events. the mahavastu reflects a growth of ideas about bodhisattvas ( “ buddhas - to - be ” ) that was to continue in mahayana circles, but at the same time, it preserves many ancient stories, traditions, and textual passages. the core of the work may go back to the 2nd century bc, but much material was added about the 4th century ad. see also lalitavistara. what made you want to look up " mahavastu "? please share what surprised you most...


ultisolarticle free pass ultisol, one of the 12 soil orders in the u. s. soil taxonomy. ultisols are reddish, clay - rich, acidic soils that support a mixed forest vegetation prior to cultivation. they are naturally suitable for forestry, can be made agriculturally productive with the application of lime and fertilizers, and are stable materials for construction projects. occupying just over 8 percent of the nonpolar continental land area on earth, they are found in humid temperate or tropical regions, including the southeastern united states and china, and in the humid tropics in south america and africa. ultisols are found in geologically old landscape settings. they are characterized by a humus - rich surface horizon ( the uppermost layer ), by a layer of clay that has migrated below the surface horizon, and by a nutrient content low in available calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium. the well - developed, extensively leached soil horizons are enriched in kaolin - group clay minerals and in metal oxides and appear as red or bleached layers. ultisols differ from alfisols by their few mineral nutrients and high content of aluminum. they differ from oxisols by the lack — or sometimes deep displacement — of a horizon enriched in aluminum and iron oxides and in kaolin clay minerals. what made you want to look up " ultisol "? please share what surprised you most...


members ' price * from the common playgoers to the royal patrons, this book explores britain from the perspective of shakespeare ' s audience – revealing how the significant issues of the day were explored at the playhouse through objects and quotations from shakespeare ' s plays. this is a lavishly illustrated gift book that introduces the idea of britain from the perspective of shakespeare ' s audiences, and shows how the writer ' s plays reveal much about the country in which he lived – from issues of region and nation to witchcraft and conspiracy. the reader will be taken to the heart of shakespeare ' s plays through the pairing of quotations with a wide range of beautiful and intriguing objects. a perfect gift for all those interested not only in shakespeare, but also in history, art, literature and drama. published to accompany a major exhibition at the british museum ( 19 july – 25 november 2012 ), part of the cultural olympiad and the world shakespeare festival. product code : cmc28269 authors : jonathan bate and dora thornton, with rebecca allen. format : paperback with flaps number of pages : 96 pages size : 190mm x 170mm llustrations : 70 colour standard uk delivery : 5 working days. overseas times may vary preorder information - this product has not been released yet, but you can order now and we will despatch it to you once we receive stock. you will not be charged until your order is ready for despatch. every purchase supports the museum free uk delivery on all bmp books ( up to a maximum of 5kg ). delivery charges for the rest of the world : are calculated depending on the weight ( kg ) and destination of the order. estimated delivery times : uk and europe : 5 - 10 working days. rest of the world : 10 to 28 working days. for more information, please see our full delivery policy here if for any reason you are not entirely happy with books and other products purchased from the shop, we will refund the value of the goods supplied. please contact customer services directly on 0800 218 2222 ( or from abroad on + 44 ( 0 ) 20 7079 0970 ) for individual advice. unfortunately we are unable to offer refunds or exchanges on pierced earrings for hygiene reasons, unless they are faulty. for more information, please see our full returns policy here - shakespeare ' s britain - add to bag you may also like - add shakespeare : staging the world for only £25. 00 - a unique and fascinating insight into the early modern world, seen through the lens of


girls learn about fun of science, math and engineering at camp by cheryl cottrill, executive director of win - canada have you ever mined chocolate chips from a cookie or made a machine from recycled materials that would make flavoured water? last week at the girls in real life science ( girls ) camp, 25 girls aged eight to 13 took on the role of scientists and inventors in a number of science - and engineering - based activities. the day camp, run by camp gems ( http : / / www. gemscamp. org ) ( girls engineering math science ) took the girls though a week - long program incorporating engineering, math and science principles in a hands - on and fun environment. bruce power sponsored the camp through the local women in nuclear ( win ) - bruce chapter ( www. wincanada. org ). “ the girls ’ collective intelligence and creativity was absolutely amazing as they brainstormed their way through various projects, ” said bruce power ’ s laurie glover, a volunteer at the camp. “ it was a great experience, watching these young minds solve complex problems together as a team. ” each day the girls began working on a group project called ‘ rube goldberg machine ’ to design a machine that could perform an activity. by the end of the week the machines were able to pop balloons, turn on a fan, sharpen a pencil, dunk a ball, pour water into a cup and make flavoured water. all were very ingenious and creative projects! a little science magic was worked into the morning program so the girls could impress their siblings and parents with disappearing pennies, exploding mentos and coke and changing the colour of milk with a q - tip and soap. the campers learned everything from chromatography – separating colours from m & m candy – to telling time using homemade sundials, to the economics of mining using chocolate chip cookies, and to designing and building a popsicle stick house on a budget. the biggest hit of the week was ‘ science tie and dye ’ when the girls brought white items of clothing and applied permanent markers and rubbing alcohol to create colourful designs. mentors from bruce power, ontario power generation and ian martin limited helped out each day, providing the girls with female role models who are successful in science and technology. additional information and pictures from the camp may be found on the win - canada website at www. wincanada. org. a second camp will run july 23 - 27 at the whitney crawford community centre in tiverton. there are currently two spots available


you will need : a round balloon tape ( regular ) construction paper or large wiggle eyes string or yarn a craft knife goodies to fill the pinata warning : this project is messy!! spread newspapers around the workspace!! warning two : this project will probably require two days!! step one - blow up the balloon and tie a knot at the end. tear newspapers into strips about 1 inch wide and about 6 inches long. pour some of the glue into a disposable bowl or a bowl you don ' t mind soaking in water for a long while. dip the newspaper strips into the glue and spread them onto the balloon. thoroughly cover the balloon. let the first layer dry. step two - repeat step one two more times. step three - lay the dry balloon on its side so it forms an oval shape. cut a hole about 2 inches across on the top of the oval ( see diagram a ). if scissors don ' t work you may want to have mom or dad use a knife. do not use a knife without an adult present!!! save the piece you cut out. carefully, pop the balloon ( if it ' s not already popped ) and take it out. cut two more very small holes in the body on each side of the big hole. place the hole for the front a little closer to the big hole than the hole for the rear so your pinata will balance well ( see diagram a ). cut two pieces of string or yarn about 18 inches long. tie a knot at the end of both string and bring up through the holes. tie the ends of the strings together with a secure knot. ( you can save tying the ends together until you have finished decorating if you wish. ) step four - now you have a big decision to make. if you want to use your pinata for a decoration, tape the piece you cut out back to the rest of the pinata. if you want to fill your pinata with goodies and play the pinata game, do not tape the piece back onto the pinata. save it, however, to decorate separately. step five - paint your pinata green. let the paint dry. step six - print out two copies of the pinata patterns. step seven - cut out the frog pinata patterns. you may need to adjust the size of the pattern to fit your frog. use the patterns to make arms and legs out of cardboard. paint the arms and legs. let dry. step eight - glue the arms and legs to the


pinata patterns. you may need to adjust the size of the pattern to fit your frog. use the patterns to make arms and legs out of cardboard. paint the arms and legs. let dry. step eight - glue the arms and legs to the body of the pinata. let the glue dry. step nine - glue on very large wiggle eyes or eyes cut from construction paper. step ten - if you have decided to use your pinata for the pinata game, you want to fill it up with goodies ( candy, small toys, whatever you like ). take the piece you saved from the top and carefully tape it back on the body with clear tape. cover the top piece with strips of paper. if you haven ' t done so before, tie the ends of your hanging string together with a secure knot. step twelve - enjoy your pinata or play the pinata game. hang the pinata up from the ceiling. each child takes a turn trying to break the pinata. blindfold the child who ' s turn it is. give the child a stick ( a broom handle works well ). turn the child around in a circle 2 or 3 times and point him or her in the direction of the pinata. the child gets to swing the stick 2 or 3 times. make sure everyone else stands clear of the swinging stick, including the grown - ups!!! then another child gets a turn. when someone breaks the pinata, all the children get to gather the goodies. you might want to have little paper bags with each child ' s name on them so the kids have a place to store their goodies for the remainder of the party and a way to carry everything home. bry - back manor / garden fun / frogs


collisions between protons and lead ions at the lhc near geneva, switzerland have resulted in surprising behaviour in some of the particles created by the collisions, massachusetts institute of technology ( mit ) news reported. when beams of particles crash into each other at high speeds, the collisions yield hundreds of new particles, most of which fly away from the collision point at close to the speed of light. however, the compact muon solenoid ( cms ) team at the lhc found that in a sample of 2 million lead - proton collisions, some pairs of particles flew away from each other with their respective directions correlated. " somehow they fly at the same direction even though it ' s not clear how they can communicate their direction with one another. that has surprised many people, including us, " said mit physics professor gunther roland, whose group led the analysis of the collision data along with wei li, a former mit postdoc who is now an assistant professor at rice university. the mit heavy - ion group saw the same distinctive pattern in proton - proton collisions about two years ago. the same flight pattern is also seen when ions of lead or other heavy metals, such as gold and copper, collide with each other. those heavy - ion collisions produce a wave of quark gluon plasma, the hot soup of particles that existed for the first few millionths of a second after the big bang. in the collider, this wave sweeps some of the resulting particles in the same direction, accounting for the correlation in their flight paths. it has been theorised that proton - proton collisions may produce a liquid - like wave of gluons, known as colour - glass condensate. this dense swarm of gluons may also produce the unusual collision pattern seen in proton - lead collisions, said raju venugopalan, a senior scientist at brookhaven national laboratory, who was not involved in the current research. venugopalan and colleagues theorised the existence of colour - glass condensate shortly before the particle direction correlation was seen in proton - proton collisions. while protons at normal energy levels consist of three quarks, they tend to gain an accompanying cluster of gluons at higher energy levels. these gluons exist as both particles and waves, and their wave functions can be correlated with each other. this " quantum entanglement " explains how the particles that fly away from the collision can share information such as direction of flight path, venugopalan said. the correlation is a very


students of heather hanson, class of 2011, thought a recent abc news story, “ a hidden america : children of the plains, ” did not give an accurate depiction of the life of native american children living on reservations. they wanted to do something to help set the record straight and share the message that “ we are more than that. ” heather teaches english and speech at todd county high school in mission, s. d., which is located on the rosebud reservation. the abc story hosted by diane sawyer depicted how children in the lakota sioux tribe on the pine ridge reservation struggle in the face of poverty, alcoholism and related issues. “ i watched the 20 / 20 special and many of my students did as well, ” says heather. “ then we watched the video in class and had a discussion about ‘ single stories ’ and what image we want to represent us when we get out into the world outside of the reservation. ” “ many of my students were upset by the abc story but were not entirely sure how to respond, ” she adds. “ so, i gave them choices. they could write a letter to diane sawyer, make a video, or tell a story about some of the great things that we do here. ” they decided to produce a video, which was scripted and filmed entirely by her students. the video can be seen at http : / / www. youtube. com / watch? v = fhribanxr7a & feature = share heather thinks it is important for her students to present their side of the story, because they have a voice that needs to be heard. “ they live here, they know what goes on. this is their hometown and this is their life. diane sawyer cannot capture the pride of the lakota people in 45 minutes and she cannot voice what my students have to offer because one year will never beat a life time of rising above. ” “ there are many negative statistics circling the reservations yet there are still people who are proud of who they are and where they are from, which they should be, ” says heather. “ the american indians are a proud people with a strong past that has been stifled by so many people and i personally am tired of people not listening to my students when they say, ‘ i am more than that. ’ i think they need to let the world know that this is their hometown and though negatives are here, there are negatives everywhere and those negatives do not define who you are. they want to succeed and they need to tell people that.


in the average classroom on any given day, teachers are faced with students from different social and ethnic backgrounds, with different life experiences, and also different learning abilities. some students can find it cumbersome to learn fundamental tasks and may need extra attention from you in the process. when it comes to special education students, this attention coupled with a little help through a useful learning tool can go a long way toward improving their education. specialized instruction for special ed students can offer a variety of tasks to assist them with lesson plans tailored to their individual aptitude. one very important task in particular that proves efficient over time is repetition. the cardmaster™ card reader provides students with the ability to gain new ground with learning how to read and pronounce new words. while the cardmaster is commonly used for language learning using blank magnetic cards, a variety of magnetic reading card programs are also available that focus on basic words that are essential for survival in the everyday world. by repeatedly sliding and listening to these cards through the card reader, students are kept engaged as they ’ re presented with a visual and audio representation of the word they are learning. dennette waters, a k - 12 special education teacher from akron, oh has her special ed students “ use the cardmaster card reader to improve their sight word vocabulary and for letter / number practice. ” the better they get at learning these primary assignments, the more they, as well as their parents and teachers, will see an increase in their reading and vocabulary skills. using these teaching aids to learn how to speak and read offers students the chance to learn at their own pace. it also builds their confidence and self - esteem, especially when they discover how the cardmaster and its programs make it just a little bit easier for them to learn the material better so they can move forward to the next task. shares a mother from monroeville, pa : “ i have a severely developmentally delayed 10 - year - old son whose ability to speak and communicate is very limited. he has been working with your [ cardmaster ] card reader for the past year and has made tremendous progress in many areas. it has opened up his world and we have even discovered through using the reader that he is able to sight - read simple words. the possibilities that this has given him are just too much to imagine. his thirst to learn is insatiable, and if it were up to him, he would do nothing but work with the card reader all day. ”


campus : san diego state university - - february 9, 2005 sdsu, mexican university complete comprehensive tijuana river watershed atlas researchers at san diego state university, along with partners around san diego and at el colegio de la frontera norte ( colef ) in mexico, have completed the most comprehensive set of geographical data ever assembled about the tijuana river watershed, a crucial step toward successful long - term planning and management for the fast - growing binational area. the tijuana river watershed atlas, in development for nearly a decade, includes approximately 80 photographs, maps, and text in english and spanish. it captures much of the diversity and complexity of the watershed, a 1, 750 - square - mile drainage basin that stretches from the pacific ocean at the tijuana river estuary north to mount laguna and southeast into remote mountains and valleys located well inside richard wright, professor of geography at sdsu and rafael vela of colef, general editors of the project, said the new atlas is an important breakthrough because it presents the first unified view of the watershed as seen by scholars on both sides of the border. " for the first time, policymakers and planners from the united states and mexico can work from a common set of data, " wright said. " that has been one of the impediments to binational cooperation over the watershed in the past. if you ' re not working with the same information, how can you productively discuss your similarities and differences of opinion? " the atlas, a boxed set of dozens of maps, photos and text each suitable for display on a wall, includes many types of data, ranging from topography and climate information to human population and land use patterns. in addition to serving as a policy and planning tool, wright said the atlas also serves as an effective educational aid for demonstrating how the two nations are intertwined by the watershed ' s systems and landscape. more than 200 copies of the atlas are being provided to the san diego natural history museum for use in the probea project, a binational environmental teacher education program. some copies of the atlas will be available to other educational agencies at no cost. compiling the atlas was a challenging endeavor at times, wright said. the researchers had to arrange for national oceanographic and atmospheric administration ( noaa ) aircraft to fly over mexican airspace to take aerial photographs of the areas of the watershed south of the border. sdsu partnered with the san diego association of governments to obtain needed satellite imagery. common classification systems had to be created in english and spanish for


biologists and researchers are asking for the public ’ s help in keeping track of a north atlantic right whale mother and her newborn calf, first sighted off plymouth jan. 12. the pair was seen by researchers off plymouth harbor monday afternoon ( jan. 21 ), prior to a winter storm, but they were not sighted in surveys by land thursday or friday, regina asmutis - silvia of whale and dolphin conservation said friday afternoon. the mother, known as “ wart, ” and the three - week - old calf have drawn great interest from north atlantic right whale specialists because calves are typically born in warmer waters off georgia and florida in the winter, and they typically don ’ t appear in cape cod bay until the spring. the pair has been seen within a mile of the shore, from the cape cod canal to north of plymouth harbor, asmutis - silvia said. right whales remain low in the water and blow out a v - shaped mist. the adult whales have white patches, called callosities, on their head. the youngest calves don ’ t have the white patches and tend to have concave blow holes, melissa patrician, a biological oceanographer at woods hole oceanographic institution said thursday. researchers have observed the pair traveling very close together. anyone sighting what they believe to be the mother and her calf are asked to call the national oceanic and atmospheric administration ’ s right whale sighting hotline at 866 - 755 - 6622. reports to the hotline should include the caller ’ s name and contact information, date and time of the sighting, whether sighted by land or vessel, location, number of whales sighted, any observed behavior and a description of what you saw in detail. observers are asked not to approach the whales. there are fewer than 500 north atlantic right whales in the world, and the birth of calves is closely watched and celebrated by specialists in the field. sixteen have been known to be born in this current birthing season, including the one with wart. researchers are planning to take a skin sample from the calf in the next few weeks, once it reaches one month in age, to determine its sex and possibly its father.


webmd medical news louise chang, md dec. 6, 2011 - - for a while, it seemed the bedbug had gone the way of the edsel automobile and cold water flats. not anymore - - as we ’ ve learned. they ’ re back with a vengeance, and experts now seem to know why. bedbugs may not get as much play in the media as they did in the summer of 2010, but they are here to stay, experts warned at the annual meeting of the american society of tropical medicine and hygiene ( astmh ) in philadelphia. new research presented here helps explain why they are back and a lot of it has to do with an ability to outsmart existing treatments. we saw hide nor hair from these vermin in the u. s. for close to 60 years, but now the number of bedbug infestations in homes, hotel rooms, and the like has jumped 10 - to 100 - fold since 1990. bedbugs are wingless, rust - colored insects. they are about the size of an apple seed. they don ’ t spread disease, but they do bite and munch on your blood. their bites can trigger allergic reactions, including welts and itching in some people. other people may not have any symptoms after a bite. part of the reason they are here en masse is their tremendous capacity for inbreeding. researchers studied bed bugs from buildings in north carolina and new jersey and found an uncanny family resemblance among them. this was confirmed in another study of 21 bedbug infestations from maine to florida. others species don ’ t survive after inbreeding, but bed bugs don ’ t just survive, they thrive, says coby schal, phd. he is an entomologist at the north carolina state university in raleigh, n. c. “ a single mated female can create a whole new population or infestation, ” he says. " we are just seeing the tip of the iceberg, " schal says. " they are here to stay for awhile. ” but this doesn ’ t necessarily mean you should avoid movie theaters, hotel rooms, or other places where bedbugs lurk. “ bedbugs don ’ t hitchhike on people, ” he says. “ they are more likely to take a blood meal for five to 10 minutes and leave. ” this means they piggyback on your stuff instead. “ you can pick up bed bugs on furniture and clothing, ” he says. “ movie theaters are


“ they are more likely to take a blood meal for five to 10 minutes and leave. ” this means they piggyback on your stuff instead. “ you can pick up bed bugs on furniture and clothing, ” he says. “ movie theaters are dark, so bedbugs are difficult to spot, ” schal says. don ’ t skip the blockbuster. instead, strip down when you arrive home and place all of your clothes in the dryer at high heat for 30 minutes. “ when kids come back from college for christmas break, take preventive measures if their dorm has been infested, ” he says. put all their belongings in the dryer on high heat or leave them outside in the cold air to chill, as the cold will kill them off too, ” he says. see more ways to get rid of bedbugs. when schal checks into a hotel room, the first thing he does is take out his flashlight and check the bed, mattress seams, headboard, coffee table, and dresser. “ i look in cracks and crevices to see if there is any sign of bedbugs, ” he says. here ’ s another tip : “ remove the headboard if it is not too heavy and look behind it, ” he says. “ bedbugs don ’ t like to be disturbed by housekeeping when they make the bed or change the sheets. ” that is why they may congregate behind or under headboards, where they are less likely to be disturbed. viviana temino, md, says that bedbug bites can look a lot like hives and that she is seeing a lot more of them these days. she is an assistant professor of allergy and immunology at the university of miami ’ s miller school of medicine. “ we have to start to think of bedbugs as possible diagnosis of hives, especially if hives happen at night and in the day you are ok, ” she says. temino was not at the meeting, but reviewed the findings for webmd. so, what do you do if you find any bedbugs or bedbug bites? that is the tricky part, as we are running out of solutions, says ken haynes, phd. he is an entomologist at the university of kentucky in louisville. insecticide resistance is present in 88 % of bedbug populations in different parts of the country, he says. resistance means that many of the treatments don ’ t work anymore. haynes and colleagues


entomologist at the university of kentucky in louisville. insecticide resistance is present in 88 % of bedbug populations in different parts of the country, he says. resistance means that many of the treatments don ’ t work anymore. haynes and colleagues are now trying to understand what went wrong and seeing if they can fix it. unless and until they get some answers, “ we need to have a better scheme for managing insecticide resistance, ” he says. using heat treatment instead of chemicals may play a role. sources : ken haynes, phd, entomologist, university of kentucky, louisville. coby schal, phd, entomologist, north carolina state university, raleigh. peter j. hotez, md, dean, national school of tropical medicine, baylor college of medicine, houston. viviana temino, md, assistant professor of allergy and immunology, university of miami miller school of medicine. american society of tropical medicine and hygiene, 60th annual meeting. philadelphia, dec. 4 - 8, 2011. cdc : “ bed bugs faq. ” here are the most recent story comments. view all the views expressed here do not necessarily represent those of kgpe cbs47 tv the health news section does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. see additional information.


cardiogenic shock is when the heart has been damaged so much that it is unable to supply enough blood to the organs of the body. shock - cardiogenic causes, incidence, and risk factors : cardiogenic shock occurs whenever the heart is unable to pump as much blood as the body needs. the most common causes are serious heart complications. many of these occur during or after a heart attack ( myocardial infarction ). these complications include : - a large section of heart muscle that no longer moves well or does not move at all - breaking open ( rupture ) of the heart muscle due to damage from the heart attack - dangerous heart rhythms, such as ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, or supraventricular tachycardia - pressure on the heart due to a build up of fluid around it ( pericardial tamponade ) - tear or rupture of the muscles or tendons that support the heart valves, especially the mitral valve - tear or rupture of the wall ( septum ) between the left and right ventricles ( lower heart chambers ) - very slow heart rhythm ( bradycardia ) or problem with the electrical system of the heart ( heart block ) signs and tests : an examination will show : - low blood pressure ( usually less than 90 systolic ) - blood pressure drops more than 10 points when you stand up after lying down ( orthostatic hypotension ) - weak ( thready ) pulse to diagnose cardiogenic shock, a catheter ( tube ) may be placed in the lung artery ( right heart catheterization ). tests may show that blood is backing up into the lungs and the heart is not pumping properly. other studies may be done to find out why the heart is not working properly. lab tests include : cardiogenic shock is a medical emergency. you will need to stay in the hospital, usually in the intensive care unit. the goal of treatment is to find and treat the cause of shock to save your life. you may need medicines to increase blood pressure and improve heart function, including : these medicines may help in the short - term. they are not usually used for a long time. when a heart rhythm disturbance ( dysrhythmia ) is serious, urgent treatment may be needed to restore a normal heart rhythm. this may include : - electrical " shock " therapy ( defibrillation or cardioversion ) - implanting


a heart rhythm disturbance ( dysrhythmia ) is serious, urgent treatment may be needed to restore a normal heart rhythm. this may include : - electrical " shock " therapy ( defibrillation or cardioversion ) - implanting a temporary pacemaker - medications given through a vein ( intravenous ) you may also receive : - pain medicine - fluids, blood, and blood products through a vein ( iv ) other treatments for shock may include : in the past, the death rate from cardiogenic shock ranged from 80 - 90 %. in more recent studies, this rate has decreased to 50 - 75 %. when cardiogenic shock is not treated, the outlook is poor. calling your health care provider : go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number ( such as 911 ) if you have symptoms of cardiogenic shock. cardiogenic shock is a medical emergency. you may reduce the risk of developing cardiogenic shock by : - quickly treating its cause ( such as heart attack or heart valve problem ) - preventing and treating the risk factors for heart disease, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and triglycerides, or tobacco use gheorghiade m, filippatos gs, felker gm. diagnosis and management of acute failure syndromes. in : bonow ro, mann dl, zipes dp, libby p, eds. braunwald ' s heart disease : a textbook of cardiovascular medicine. 9th ed. philadelphia, pa : saunders ; 2011 : chap 27. hollenberg s. cardiogenic shock. in : goldman l, schafer ai, eds. cecil medicine. 24th ed. philadelphia, pa : saunders elsevier ; 2011 : chap107. | review date : 6 / 22 / 2012 | reviewed by : david c. dugdale, iii, md, professor of medicine, division of general medicine, department of medicine, university of washington school of medicine. michael a. chen, md, phd, assistant professor of medicine, division of cardiology, harborview medical center, university of washington medical school, seattle, washington. also reviewed by david zieve, md, mha, medical director, a. d. a. m. health solutions, ebix, inc. the information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. a licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions.


energetic jets from a budding solar system the image on the left from nasa ' s chandra x - ray observatory shows the first double - sided x - ray jet ever detected from a young star. a similar jet may have been launched from the young sun and could have had a significant impact on the early solar system. the young star, named dg tau, is located in the taurus star - forming region, about 450 light years from earth. the bright source of x - rays in the middle of the image is dg tau and the jet runs from the top left to the bottom right, extending to about 70 billion miles away from the star, or about 700 times the earth - sun separation. a detailed analysis of this image, led by manuel guedel of the institute of astronomy, eth zuerich in switzerland, shows that the counter jet ( top - left ) has, on average, higher energy x - rays than the forward jet ( bottom - right ). the likely explanation is that some of the lower energy x - rays in the counter jet are absorbed by a disk around dg tau, as shown in the accompanying illustration ( right graphic ), showing the star, disk and the inner regions of the jets. highly energetic x - rays are also detected from the young star, partially absorbed by streams of material flowing from the disk onto the star. the disk itself is much too cool to be detected by chandra. note that the faint vertical feature below the star does not show evidence for an additional jet, but is a chance alignment of four photons. the effects of the jet on its surroundings may be significant. other researchers have previously suggested that x - rays from a typical young star can significantly affect the properties of its surrounding disk, by heating it and creating charged particles by stripping electrons off atoms ( a process called ionization ). these x - rays will strike the disk at a low angle, mitigating their effects. in the case of the jets from dg tau, the combined x - ray power in the jet is similar to that of a young star with relatively modest x - ray brightness, but x - rays from the jet have the advantage of striking the disk much more directly from above and below. guedel and colleagues argue that powerful x - ray jets might develop at some stage during the evolution of most young stars. they could, for example, have existed during the early stages of the solar system. dg tau has about the same mass as the sun, but is much younger with an age of