is another defacto standard that looks very similar. additional register types and reference ranges recognized by babel buster ( lonworks ) gateways are as follows : 0x = coil = 000001 - 065535 1x = discrete input = 100001 - 165535 3x = input register = 300001 - 365535 4x = holding register = 400001 - 465535 when using the extended register referencing, it is mandatory that all register references be exactly six digits. this is the only way babel buster will know the difference between holding register 40001 and coil 40001. if coil 40001 is the target, it must appear as 040001. if registers are 16 - bits, how do i read floating point or 32 - bit data? modbus protocol defines a holding register as 16 bits wide ; however, there is a widely used defacto standard for reading and writing data wider than 16 bits. the most common are ieee 754 floating point, and 32 - bit integer. the convention may also be extended to double precision floating point and 64 - bit integer data. the wide data simply consists of two consecutive " registers " treated as a single wide register. floating point in 32 - bit ieee 754 standard, and 32 - bit integer data, are widely used. although the convention of register pairs is widely recognized, agreement on whether the high order or low order register should come first is not standardized. for this reason, many devices, including all control solutions gateways, support a " swapped " option. this means you simply check the " swapped " option if the other device treats wide data in the opposite order relative to control solutions default order. control solutions modbus products all default to placing the high order register first, or in the lower numbered register. this is known as " big endian ", and is consistent with modbus protocol which is by definition big endian. what does notation like 40001 : 7 mean? this is a commonly used notation for referencing individual bits in a register. this particular example references register 40001, bit 7. bits are generally numbered starting at bit 0, which is the least significant or right most bit in the field of 16 bits found in a modbus register. how to i read individual bits in a register? the bit mask shown in the expanded form of the rtu read map is a 4 digit hexadecimal ( 16 bit ) value used to mask out one or more bits in a register. the selected bits will be right justified, so a


the bit mask shown in the expanded form of the rtu read map is a 4 digit hexadecimal ( 16 bit ) value used to mask out one or more bits in a register. the selected bits will be right justified, so a single bit regardless of where positioned in the source register will be stored locally as 0 or 1. the notation of register number followed by a colon and number from 0 to 15 indicates a single bit picked from that register. the hex bit mask values would be as follows, assuming a register number of 40001. 40001 : 0 mask : 0001 40001 : 1 mask : 0002 40001 : 2 mask : 0004 40001 : 3 mask : 0008 40001 : 4 mask : 0010 40001 : 5 mask : 0020 40001 : 6 mask : 0040 40001 : 7 mask : 0080 40001 : 8 mask : 0100 40001 : 9 mask : 0200 40001 : 10 mask : 0400 40001 : 11 mask : 0800 40001 : 12 mask : 1000 40001 : 13 mask : 2000 40001 : 14 mask : 4000 40001 : 15 mask : 8000 sometimes a 16 - bit register is used to hold two 8 - bit values. to strip bytes using the bit mask, you would enter the following : low byte mask : 00ff high byte mask : ff00 what is the difference between modbus rtu, tcp, and ascii? modbus protocol defines a protocol data unit ( pdu ) that is independent of the underlying communication layers. modbus rtu is the most commonly used, and is a binary representation of the pdu with addressing before the pdu, a crc appended to the end. modbus ascii is a representation of the same pdu using all printable characters ( and generally twice as many bytes ). modbus tcp is essentially the exact same pdu as modbus rtu, except the crc is left off of the application layer byte string and left up to the tcp layer to deal with automatically. there are also some additional addressing bytes in the tcp encapsulation of the rtu packet. the function codes, register numbering and addressing are identical regardless of protocol variant. register types are the same, i. e, the same data blocks are defined for the modbus device. can i put 2 gateways on the same modbus network? you can not have more than one master on a modbus rtu ( rs - 48


how does allergic rhinitis related to otitis media with effusion ( ome ) otitis media is an inflammation that occurs in the middle ear. middle ear space contains fluid that could be easily infected and the infected middle ear is called otitis media with effusion. the cause of the chronic ome ( otitis media with effusion ) for most of the allergic rhinitis patients is mainly due to the ige - mediated allergies. ige - mediated allergy is the allergy that happens when ige antibody ( one type of the white blood cell ) binds with the mast cell. ige antibody is being produced by the plasma cell when foreign particular from outside of the body entering into the blood through nasal mucosal surface. once the ige antibody binds with the mast cell around the nose, histamine is secreted from this cell and it is the main chemical that causes itching and hypersensitive of the nose. according to the publication by a group of scentists, 50 % of the children who had chronic ome also had nasal allergy [ acta otolaryngol ( stockh ) 1988 ; 458 ( suppl ) : 41 - 7 ]. effects of the seasonal allergic rhinitis to the eustachian tube function and middle ear pressure had been studied by a few groups of medical scientists. according to one of the studies, eustachian tube of the pollen allergic patients become obstructed increases from 15 % to 60 % from the starting to the maximum of the pollen exposure. [ ann allergy 1990 ; 65 : 206 - 10 ]. in one of the studies, ragweed pollen, which is a seasonal pollen, was let it exposed to a group of people. what had been discovered is that it will cause immune reactions in the eustachian tube and nose [ am j rhinol 1988 ; 2 : 155 - 61. ]. apart from this study, the other study reported that house - dust mite, which was a perennial allergen, also caused eustachian tube obstruction [ archotolaryngol head neck surg 1986 ; 112 : 840 - ]. in the same study, they found out that 55 % of the adults, who had nasal allergy, experienced the development of the eustachian tube dysfunction when this group of adult was exposed to house - dust mite. in the following study, new thing that had been found out was eustachian tube obstruction happened more frequently


allergy, experienced the development of the eustachian tube dysfunction when this group of adult was exposed to house - dust mite. in the following study, new thing that had been found out was eustachian tube obstruction happened more frequently for the patients who had allergic rhinitis. [ j. allergy clin immunol 1987 ; 79 : 27 - 31 ]. in allergen provocation studies, scientist found out that nasal obstruction usually occurred before the development of the eustachian tube obstruction. in allergen provocation study, individuals who took part in this study were exposed to allergen to provoke their nasal allergy symptom. in this study, researchers also discovered that various of inflammatory mediators such as histamine have been detected in middle ear effusions of the children who had ome [ arch otolaryngol head neck surg 1988 ; 114 : 1131 - 3 ]. if eustachian tube obstruction that was caused by perennial exposure to allergen such as house - dust mite was left it untreated for quite a sometime, it could form middle ear disease, especially, when priming phenomenon occurs in the eustachian tube. priming phenomenon happens when mucosa in the organ responds to lower doses of allergen with repeated exposure. allergic rhinitis could have priming phenomenon too when the mucosa in the nasal passage responds to low amount of allergen that has been inhaled through the nostril. for the eustachian tube obstruction that was caused by seasonal exposure to allergen such as ragweed pollen, its physiologic hyperresponsiveness could extend beyond the ragweed season. studies show that half of the newly occurrence otitis media are diagnosed immediately after patient had been infected by viral urti ( virus that causes flu and common cold ). by using traditional standard culture techniques, it is quite rare that viruses could be isolated from the middle ear effusions in the patient with otitis media. however, with the newly developed pcr - based molecular analysis, viruses in the middle ear effusions could be detected and discovered that 53 % of the middle ear effusions are positive for viruses [ j infect dis 1995 ; 172 : 1348 - 51 ]. an experimental, which was carried out by infecting real human with rhinovirus - 39, had been carried out in children ' s hospital of pittsburgh to study the effect of this virus to the middle


1995 ; 172 : 1348 - 51 ]. an experimental, which was carried out by infecting real human with rhinovirus - 39, had been carried out in children ' s hospital of pittsburgh to study the effect of this virus to the middle ear pressure and eustachian tube. result of this experiment showed a substantial increase of eustachian tube dysfunction and also abnormal middle ear in approximately 30 % of the people who had been infected in this study. however, all these people who had been infected by this virus had less possibility to develop an otitis media disease. in another study, where influenza a virus was intranasally inoculated to a group of peoples, 59 % of the inoculated people experienced the development of middle ear under pressure and only 25 % of these people developed otitis media [ j infect dis 1995 ; 172 : 1348 - 51 ]. in this study, one of the inoculated people developed middle ear under pressure followed by purulent otitis media. this patient middle ear effusion was taken for pcr analysis and it showed positive result for both influenza a and streptococcus pneumoniae. streptococcus pneumoniae is some kind of spherical, gram - positive, alpha - hemolytic bacterium and it is a member of the genus streptococcus. in this group of inoculated people, 80 % of them who had infected by this virus experienced the development of eustachian tube dysfunction and 80 % of them had middle ear under pressure [ ann otol rhinol laryngol 1994 ; 103 : 59 - 69 ]. with this group of infected people, five of them had developed ome on the 4th day after the viral exposure. one of the patients had dizziness and vertigo symptoms, which is mainly due to the inner ear malfunction. all these studies support the causes of otitis media by urtis virus and causes of otitis media starting from the development of eustachian tube obstruction and abnormal middle ear pressure. in the recent publication about the study of a group of children with acute otitis media, micro - organisms in the fluids of the middle ears of the children were isolated by the investigator of this study. they found out that 65 % of the fluid samples that had been collected contained both bacteria and viruses. these results show that virus infection in the middle ear creates an environmental that is suitable for the breeding of bacteria. [ n engl j med 1999 ; 340 : 260 - 4 ]. based


fluid samples that had been collected contained both bacteria and viruses. these results show that virus infection in the middle ear creates an environmental that is suitable for the breeding of bacteria. [ n engl j med 1999 ; 340 : 260 - 4 ]. based on the information that had been collected from a few recent publications of the studies of the relationships of the allergic rhinitis to the ome ( otitis media with effusion ), we could conclude that allergic rhinitis or common cold / flu will cause eustachian tube obstruction and middle ear pressure. when the situation becomes uncontrollable, otitis media with effusion will develop and this may could permanent hearing impairment. therefore, allergic rhinitis and common cold / flu should be treated immediately without any delay. this is because these common illnesses may become serious and develop to chronic sinusitis disease and otitis media with effusions, which is quite difficult to cure. by alexander chong author of " how to cure your incurable nasal allergy without using any synthetic drugs, herbs and expensive devices ". infocrystals. com : articles directory article1 - how to cure your incurable nasal allergy? article2 - how to prevent your nasal allergy? article3 - a review of xango mangosteen juice article4 - seriousness of allergy rhinitis article6 - nasal allergy : allergic rhinitis and its causes article7 - supplements for nasal allergy and sinus infection patients article8 - how to take good care of your nose? article9 - common cold treatment and allergy prevention article10 - causes, symptoms, prevention and treatment for common cold article11 - advices from medical specialist for those who have nasal problem article12 - nasal irrigation article13 - make yourself stronger against flu and cold


mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets are changing people ’ s lifestyles at a rapid pace, including how they manage their health care. health care providers and patients are increasingly communicating via mobile technology and many doctors are actually prescribing health apps to their patients for everything from pill reminders to managing their diabetes to using a family planning method ( hello cyclebeads! ). the development and adoption of health apps has exploded in a short time, and continues to grow with thousands of medical apps available for mobile devices. experts forecast that mobile health ( or mhealth as the industry is becoming known ) is going to change how healthcare is delivered and managed over the next few years. posts in : education cyclebeads are included as a part of the global health innovation insight series. the global health innovation project at stanford university series is intended to develop tools and materials that innovators can use to increase their effectiveness in tackling common business - related issues in low resource settings. the insight series looks at companies and products who have navigated these situations and are willing to share their learnings with others. a number of the issues that we have faced with introducing cyclebeads over the past 10 years, and that are relevant to other innovative health products, are described in these articles. these issues include : new cyclebeads toolkit - a resource for health providers integrating this natural family planning option attention! health care providers and health educators : a toolkit for integrating the standard days method® and cyclebeads® into u. s. health clinics and programs has been created by our research partner, the institute for reproductive health. it is a free online resource that includes an integration guide, a training course, training materials, instructional videos and more. while cyclebeads and icyclebeads™ are an easy and effective way to use natural family planning, and can be purchased without a prescription, it is important and helpful for health care professionals to have a plan and guidance when introducing it to a clinic or program. the toolkit gives tips on how to create a positive atmosphere for offering the method, how to train staff to screen and counsel clients, how to procure materials, and suggests other creative ways to use cyclebeads in a practice and in outreach. the toolkit is available at : www. cyclebeadstoolkit. com feel free to download materials to use in your practice and for training your staff. contact us with any questions at email @ example. com. in a recent tedtalk, melinda gates eloquently


www. cyclebeadstoolkit. com feel free to download materials to use in your practice and for training your staff. contact us with any questions at email @ example. com. in a recent tedtalk, melinda gates eloquently outlined why contraception should not be considered a " controversial " topic and the importance of giving people everywhere access to a full range of family planning options. thank you ms. gates, for your willingness to lend your voice to this important issue... and of course, we were thrilled that cyclebeads were included among the full range of family planning options! when guli fager started her job as a sexual health educator for university students in texas, she was shocked to learn how little they knew. while most students had basic knowledge about contraception, they had minimal understanding of reproductive processes and sexual health issues. her concern grew when she realized that not only were the students generally uninformed, they were often misinformed. she decided to focus on the question, “ what is healthy sexual health development? ” and how could she convey this question and the answers to the students through programs at the university health center. " after using other methods of birth control, my husband and i decided to try cyclebeads. they are easy to use and have worked wonderfully for us. we have a nice family of three, including our black lab, sadie ( shown in photo with me ), and we want to keep it that way for now! i recommend this natural, safe and reliable way to anyone who wants to avoid toxic substances while sharing the responsibility of birth control with her partner. "


arctic sea ice at ' lowest ever level ' - and it will get worse, warn scientists by mark prigg scientists say critical ice in the arctic ocean melted to record low levels this summer. the national snow and ice data center has revealed that the extent of arctic sea ice shrank to 1. 58 million square miles and is likely to melt more in the coming weeks. that breaks the old record of 1. 61 million square miles set in 2007. scattered ice floes are seen from the bridge of the rv healy on august 20, 2012 northwest of barrow, alaska. arctic sea ice fell to its lowest daily extent in the satellite record on sunday, august 26 figures are based on satellite records dating back to 1979. data center scientist ted scambos says the melt can be blamed mostly on global warming from man - made emissions of greenhouse gases. scientists say arctic sea ice - ocean water that freezes - helps moderate temperatures lower on the globe and is crucial for polar bears. greenland has also had record melt this year. nsidc scientist walt meier said, ' by itself it ' s just a number, and occasionally records are going to get set. ' but in the context of what ' s happened in the last several years and throughout the satellite record, it ' s an indication that the arctic sea ice cover is fundamentally changing. ' according to nsidc director mark serreze, ' the previous record, set in 2007, occurred because of near perfect summer weather for melting ice. newly released images show the difference in artic ice levels in 2007 ( left ) and 2012 ( right ). scientists said today ice levels were at their lowest since records began in 1979 ' apart from one big storm in early august, weather patterns this year were unremarkable. ' the ice is so thin and weak now, it doesn ' t matter how the winds blow. ' ' the arctic used to be dominated by multiyear ice, or ice that stayed around for several years, ' meier said. ' now it ' s becoming more of a seasonal ice cover and large areas are now prone to melting out in summer. ' with two to three weeks left in the melt season, nsidc scientists say that the minimum ice extent could fall even lower. it will release a full analysis of the melt season in early october, once monthly data are available for september.


stem cells carry high hopes to help treat and possibly cure a myriad of diseases. however, the use of stem cells is a subject of great debate do to the fact that the best source for stem cells for use in this type of research is from human embryos. reuters reports that researchers from california - based novocell inc. recently used human embryonic stem cells to treat diabetes in mice. the stem cells were implanted into mice and were turned into “ nearly ” normal insulin - producing cells in the mice. the animal trial hints at a possible long term treatment for diabetes. according to msnbc at least 170 million people globally have diabetes with the number of afflicted expected to double by 2030. those afflicted with one of the two types of diabetes, types 1 and 2, can ’ t use or create enough insulin to regulate glucose in the blood. the researchers used embryonic stem cells from discarded embryos from fertility clinics. batches of the stem cells were then grown by the researchers in lines in other human cells. emmanuel baetge, novocell chief scientific officer says, “ our data provide the first compelling evidence that human embryonic stem cells can serve as a renewable source of functional insulin - producing cells for diabetes cell replacement therapies. ” these embryonic stem cells created by the researchers are said to be able to live virtually forever in lab dishes and produce generations of new cells. baetge says that at first the team was able to produce hormone - producing or endocrine cells, but that each cell produced a mishmash of hormones instead of the specifically insulin producing cells they were aiming for. the problem with growing the right cell led the researchers to implant the stem cells into a mouse where baetge says something in the mouse directed the cells to mature properly. baetge told msnbc in a phone interview, “ [ stem cells ] are producing all the right enzymes and release insulin in response to glucose. ” novocell says it is now looking for a large pharmaceutical company to partner with to fund further research. dailytech reported in december 2007 that researchers had been able to create stem cells artificially and use the cells to cure sickle cell in mice.


33. cardiovascular disease select, organize, download, and save your choice of chapters into a single pdf file for printing and distribution. this is a free service. log in to view your saved custom books editors / authors : thomas a. gaziano, k. srinath reddy, fred paccaud, susan horton, and vivek chaturvedi as developing countries begin to reap the benefits of economic development, they are becoming increasingly vulnerable to an insidious byproduct of the modern world? cardiovascular disease ( cvd ). the leading cause of death in developing countries, cvd is associated with a number of risk factors linked to lifestyle and behavioral patterns that can be changed. ischemic heart disease, stroke, and congestive heart failure account for at least 80 percent of the burden of cvd worldwide, and cvd deaths are expected to increase in precisely those parts of the world that have made gains in combating infectious disease and malnutrition. the economic impact of cvd in developing countries? in asia, the pacific, the former soviet states, latin america, the middle east, and africa? is significant because working – age adults account for a high proportion of the cvd burden. not only have mortality rates increased, but in some countries, like russia, life expectancy actually has declined because of cvd. in sub – saharan africa, cvd is becoming a leading killer among those over the age of 30. the vast majority of cvd is attributed to such risk factors as obesity, which is escalating in the developing world at an alarming pace, high blood pressure and high cholesterol, extensive tobacco and alcohol use, and low vegetable and fruit consumption. effective interventions to reduce risk factors in developing countries likely will involve a mix of treatment and education. cost – effective medical interventions include ace ( angiotensin – converting enzyme ) inhibitors, beta – blockers and off – patent statins, and aspirin. compliance could be improved and costs reduced by incorporating several medications into a " polypill " for long – term use. above all, education is essential. health care workers need training to implement clinical guidelines, and patients need to be educated about the importance of adhering to their medical regimens. these interventions can reap future savings in terms of reduced medical costs and improved quality of life and productivity. - 33. 1 major causes of death in persons of all ages in low - and middle - income regions - 33. 2 percentage change in ischemic


this document describes the new handling of font encodings introduced with xfsft - 1. 0. 3. in many cases, installing fonts with xfsft only requires creating an entry in the ` fonts. scale ' file ( either by hand or with the ` ttfmkfdir ' utility ) with the required encoding and running ` mkfontdir '. in some cases, however, when using incorrect homebrew fonts, this will lead to wrong results. typical symptoms are missing glyphs or glyphs at unexpected positions. the ` xfd ' utility ( distributed with x11 ) can be used to examine x fonts. this document tries to give enough information for users to fix such problems when they occur. a character is an abstract description of a unit of a writing system. examples of characters include the latin capital letter a, the arabic letter jim, and the dingbat black scissors a glyph is a picture that might be included in a font, and can be displayed by a window system or printed by a printer. while glyphs roughly correspond to characters, this correspondence is not, in general, one to one. for example, a font may have many variant forms of the capital letter a ; a single fi ligature may correspond to the letters f and i. as x11 does not currently distinguish between glyphs and characters, the rest of this document uses the two terms ( more or less ) interchangeably. a coded character set is a set of characters together with a function mapping integer codes - - known as codepoints - - to characters. examples of coded character sets include us - ascii, iso 8859 - 1, koi8 - r, and jis x 208 1990. more information on a number of common coded character sets can be found on the character soup page. a coded character set need not use 8 - bit integers to index characters. many early mainframes used 6 - bit character sets, and 16 - bit character sets are necessary for ideographic writing systems. the coded character set known as iso 10646 or unicode is a 32 - bit character set that has the ambition of being the universal character set for all known writing systems, living and dead. a font is a collection of glyphs. those glyphs need to be identified in some way ; the way this is done depends on the type of font. glyphs in a type 1 font are identified by glyph name. adobe maintains a standard collection


of glyphs. those glyphs need to be identified in some way ; the way this is done depends on the type of font. glyphs in a type 1 font are identified by glyph name. adobe maintains a standard collection of glyph names to be used in type 1 fonts. a type 1 font also contains a default encoding vector, which maps 256 codepoints to glyph names. the default encoding vector is a suggestion from the font designer as to how the font should be encoded by default ; however, it is only a suggestion, and users of the font may re - encode the font to fit their needs. it is to be noted that many fonts, especially those designed for languages used outside of western europe, do not follow the adobe guidelines with respect to glyph naming. a type 1 font that uses incorrect glyph names is said to be incorrectly encoded. font designers should ensure that they use proper adobe glyph names for all the alphabetic fonts they create. glyphs in a truetype font are indexed by a number of distinct mappings, known as cmaps. cmaps are identified by two small integers, known as the platform id ( ` pid ' ) and encoding id ( ` eid ' ). a font must contain at least one cmap ; which cmaps are used is platform dependent. on microsoft platforms, text fonts contain a ` microsoft unicode ' cmap ( pid = 3, eid = 1 ), while symbol fonts contain a ` microsoft symbol ' cmap ( pid = 3, eid = 0 ) ; on the apple platform, fonts contain an ` apple unicode ' cmap ( pid = 0, eid irrelevant ) and / or a number of language - specific cmaps. due to a shortcoming of the truetype specification, and a number of flaws in a number of systems with support for truetype fonts, some truetype fonts contain cmaps that misassign codepoints to glyphs. a truetype font that lies about the identity of the glyphs that it contains is said to be incorrectly encoded. furthermore, a truetype font may optionally contain a table mapping adobe glyph names to glyphs in the font. this table is typically only used when converting to a postscript font format ( such as type 1 or type 42 ), usually for printing to a postscript printer. xfsft does not use this


be installed using the ` adobe - fontspecific ' encoding. in an ideal world, all truetype symbol fonts would be installed using one of the ` microsoft - symbol ' and ` apple - roman ' encodings. a number of symbol fonts, however, are not marked as such ; such fonts should be installed using ` microsoft - cp1252 ', or, for older fonts, ` microsoft - win3. 1 '. in order to guarantee consistent results ( especially between type 1 and truetype versions of the same font ), it is possible to define a special encoding for a given font. this has already been done for the zapfdingbats font ; see the file ` encodings / adobe - dingbats. enc ' in the xfsft source distribution. a number of text fonts are incorrectly encoded. incorrect encoding is sometimes done by design, in order to make a font for an exotic script appear like an ordinary western text font. it is often due to the font designer ' s laziness or incompetence ; in particular, most people seem to find it easier to invent idiosyncratic glyph names rather than follow the adobe glyph list. there are two ways of dealing with such fonts : using them with the encoding they were designed for, and creating an ad hoc encoding file. these methods are analoguous to the methods described above for dealing with symbol fonts. of course, the proper fix would be to hit the font designer very hard on the head with the plrm ( preferably the first edition, as it was published as a hardcover ). in the case of type 1 fonts, the font designer can specify a default encoding ; this encoding is requested in xfsft by using the ` adobe - fontspecific ' encoding in the xlfd name. sometimes, the font designer omitted to specify a reasonable default encoding ; in this case, you should experiment with ` iso8859 - 1 ', ` microsoft - cp1252 ', ` microsoft - win3. 1 ', and ` apple - roman ' ( ` microsoft - symbol ' doesn ' t make sense for type 1 fonts ). truetype fonts do not have a default encoding. however, most truetype fonts are designed with either microsoft or apple platforms in mind, so one of ` microsoft - cp1252 ', ` microsoft - win3. 1 ', or ` apple - roman ' should yield reasonable results. it is


, most truetype fonts are designed with either microsoft or apple platforms in mind, so one of ` microsoft - cp1252 ', ` microsoft - win3. 1 ', or ` apple - roman ' should yield reasonable results. it is always possible to define an encoding file to reorder the glyphs in a font in any desired order. again, see the ` encodings / adobe - dingbats. enc ' file to see how this is done. by following the directions above, you will find yourself with a number of fonts with unusual names - - specifying encodings such as ` adobe - fontspecific ', ` microsoft - win3. 1 ' etc. in order to use these fonts with standard applications, it may be useful to remap them to their proper names. this is done by writing a ` fonts. alias ' file. the format of this file is similar to the format of the ` fonts. dir ' file, except that it maps xlfd names to xlfd names. a ` fonts. alias ' file might look as follows : 1 - ogonki - alamakota - medium - r - normal - - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - p - 0 - iso8859 - 2 " - ogonki - alamakota - medium - r - normal - - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - p - 0 - adobe - fontspecific " the ` fonts. alias ' file is described in the mkfontdir ( 1 ) manual page. adobe, postscript, truetype, apple, microsoft, and possibly others are registered trademarks of their respective owners. copyright © 1998 - 1999 by juliusz chroboczek permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this material, to deal in it without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and / or sell copies of this material, and to permit persons to whom this material is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions :


gangland killings often involve pistols, which though compact and lethal, still need to be disposed of to prevent being traced. i would favor slipping the guns into a crucible of molten steel or iron, but such hot metal is seldom available and other methods must be found. the scene of the crime in this case the reputed leader of the new england la cosa nostra allegedly ordered two subordinates to kill an individual, one raymond curcio. the intended victim was lured into a car to assist in a burglary. instead, he received two bullets in the back of the head and his body was left in the car. there was no prosecution for 15 years until police divers recovered two pistols from canada pond in rhode island. the police were acting on testimony from one of the killers who was apparently trying for a reduced sentence. divers brought up the two pistols that had allegedly been used in the murder. one was a. 32 - caliber automatic and the other a. 38 - caliber revolver, both of which supposedly spent 15 years at the bottom of the lake. i was asked to determine whether the weapons had indeed been in the lake for 15 years. i examined the guns at a police station, along with an electron microscopy expert, lennie sudenfield. sudenfield and i have worked together on many cases. see “ the case of the shortened shotguns. ” he made rubber replicas of the insides of the two gun barrels for study under the scanning electron microscope. the inside of the. 38 - caliber pistol was badly corroded. the inside of the. 32 - caliber barrel was nearly pristine, as shown in the photo of the replica, below. the rifling is in such good shape a bullet could have been fired through the barrel for ballistic tests. the determining factor in corrosion rates of steel is not temperature, acidity or saltiness. the composition of the steel is only a minor factor ( except for stainless steel ). the oxygen content of the water is the crucial factor. at my request, divers measured the oxygen content in the region where the guns were found. the water was found to be saturated with oxygen, so the corrosion rate of the steel could be estimated at about 1 / 100 inch per year. the smoking gun the guns had supposedly been freshly fired when thrown in the lake, so the insides of the barrels would not be covered with oil or other preservative. such preservatives would delay the onset of corrosion and make estimating time of immersion difficult. i concluded that the badly


definition of enemy : 1. hostile ; inimical. 2. one hostile to another ; one who hates, and desires or attempts the injury of, another ; a foe ; an adversary ; as, an enemy of or to a person ; an enemy to truth, or to falsehood. confederate, falsifier, terrorist, murderer, confrontation, traitor, revolutionary, criminal, ally, hostile, nemesis, informer, detractor, love, resistance, assassin, rebel, betrayer, friend, supporter, inquisitor, foeman, oppositeness, spy combatant ( part of speech : noun ) brawler, gladiator, foe, man - at - arms, duelist, rival, competitor, mercenary, jouster, pugilist, struggler, combatant, tough, rioter, adversary, opponent, bruiser, warrior, quarreler, bully, battler, antagonist, soldier, swordsman, militant, thug, contestant, assailant, fighter opponent ( part of speech : noun ) enemy ( part of speech : noun ) - " but tell me, " added he, " do you think my daughter safe, so near a garrison of the enemy? " - " the scottish chiefs ", jane porter. - he could not understand how his enemy had got out of the way so quickly. - " children of the wild ", charles g. d. roberts. - he did not speak to her like an enemy ; - and then, too, he would know better than any man alive how she might best escape from her trouble. - " the eustace diamonds ", anthony trollope.


difference between oat and wheat oat vs. wheat what is the difference between oats and wheat? we often hear these names on tv ads, or see them labeled on popular food boxes at the groceries. one thing is for sure, these products are cereals, which means that they are edible items ; not to mention, they offer their consumers some health benefits, for example, their protein content. oats, as what these cereals are commonly called, are scientifically named as avena sativa. they are one of the popular cereal species that has being grown to harvest its seeds. due to their nature, oats are used in various ways. these products can be eaten by humans, for example, the popular oatmeal or rolled oats. animals can also make use of these products in the form of oat feeds. two familiar animals that consume this product are horses and cattle. although nowadays, oats is being incorporated in the foods of certain domesticated animals, like cats and dogs. on the contrary, wheat, or triticum spp., is actually a kind of grass. it has become widely commercialized throughout the world, and is nowadays ranked as the third most produced cereal - like product, following maize and rice. as it is produced almost everywhere, it has become one of the staple foods, and is currently being used to make flours for breads, cakes and pastries. amazingly, wheat products are not only limited to baking, because this grass is highly fermentable, which makes it a very good choice for beer production. its environmental importance is also not hidden to the public, since this grass is one of those plants that have been used to harness natural fuels, termed as biofuels. moreover, its value does not end there, for wheat can also be used in the realm of construction. actually, its straw is used as a thatch for roofing. in a carefully observed scientific study done in 2002 at the colorado state university, these two products were shown to have a very big impact on the overall nutrition and diet of an individual. an under accurate lipoprotein analyses with the subjects revealed that an oat diet was able to reduce ldl ( bad cholesterol ) by 2. 5 %, whereas, a wheat diet propelled the value by 8 %. 1. oats are typically eaten by humans as oatmeal or rolled oats, while wheat is a raw product that is used to make flours for baking cakes and pastries. 2


specialized root structures of bald cypress that grow vertically above water or moist soil. it is thought that these structures aid the oxygen / carbon dioxide exchange in the roots. | bald cypress - knees montezuma cypress - no knees q : i have bald cypress trees in my yard. the root nodules are becoming a problem with my lawn mower. would it damage the trees if i trimmed them off at ground level? b. d., dallas. a : yes, the knees are part of the root system. change the area to mulch or ground cover and try to dry out the soil. the knees grow in overly moist soil. question : i have a bald cypress, and the roots are coming out of the ground all around the yard. some are close to the tree and some are far away. the roots come out of the ground for about 12 inches or less and then go back into the ground. how can i keep this from happening? can i cut the roots that are already protruding without hurting the tree? k. e., fort worth answer : this is a characteristic of bald cypress. their roots always do this to some degree, especially when the ground stays moist to wet. improving the drainage and reducing your use of water will help, but the only way to eliminate the protruding roots is to remove the tree. i would suggest instead that you use mulch or plant a groundcover around the tree so you won ' t need to mow over or around cypress roots.


mammoth cave national park opens trails to mountain bikers | gary sprung - imba thursday, august 19, 1999 the national park service went one step further in welcoming bikes on trails when mammoth cave national park ( kentucky ) inked an agreement this year with the bowling green league of bicyclists to open 12 miles of trails. the park will evaluate the effects of bicycling on the narrow, overgrown roadbeds during the course of a two - year trial. mammoth cave national park ( mcnp ) occupies 60, 000 - acres of former farmland in south central kentucky. while the main attraction may be below ground at 350 miles in length, it ' s the world ' s largest cave the park offers good recreational opportunities on 70 miles of trail. most of the park ' s trails were once narrow, unpaved roads built early this century to provide automobile access to farms and small communities. during the 1920s and 1930s, a private association and the state government acquired 600 farms and congress opened the national park in 1941. with park status, the roads became unnecessary. thick, eastern hardwood forests have been reclaiming the routes and fields. national parks in the united states allow bicycling on paved and some dirt roads, but prohibit bicycling on narrow trails unless a park superintendent creates a special regulation. in march, mcnp superintendent ronald switzer and jeff rose, president of the bowling green league, agreed to try the experimental trail opening. their objectives include improvement of the trails, education in appropriate use of bicycles, and demonstration of " exemplary sustainable conservation practices in bikeway use and maintenance. " the project maneuvered through potential bureaucratic obstacles with relative ease. vicki carson, mcnp information officer, explained that an environmental assessment was not required, " because we ' re using a disturbed area. we weren ' t creating new trails... this agreement where [ cyclists ] will bring in crews to work on the trails is wonderful. it ' s more than we could do ourselves. " park managers seem confident that the bicycling project will succeed. project coordinator henry holman commented, " the work they do i think helps their credibility not only with the park, but also with other trail users. " he will work with the bowling green league to reroute certain sections that are too steep, and to perform maintenance. holman expects little user conflict, but said that is the main issue at hand. " mountain bike use is a relatively new issue for the national park service, " he explained. " there has been


that are too steep, and to perform maintenance. holman expects little user conflict, but said that is the main issue at hand. " mountain bike use is a relatively new issue for the national park service, " he explained. " there has been a lot of opposition from other user groups. i think that ' s the primary issue that we end up dealing with. our science and resource management division is monitoring the trail and the number of users. over a couple years we will develop site specific information that will allow us to assess whether we have an acceptable level of conflicts or an unacceptable level. we ' ve opened the trails for a trial period of at least a couple years and we ' ll see what the effects really are. after that, we ' ll be in a position to make decisions about the future, not only for the trails now open, but potentially others. " holman continued, " what i have found through reading is most conflicts are not physical where somebody is forced off the trail or a horse is scared. most are goal conflicts.... people have very dearly held opinions about what the parks are for and what the trails ought to be like and who ought to be there and what they ought to be doing. mountain biking is facing an uphill battle about what is suitable use of trails. it ' s now become generally accepted that horses have more impact on trail tread than bicycles, yet horses are accepted because it ' s a traditional use. mountain biking is not a traditional use, so this will be a continuing process. " i think that in the future, bicycling will be more accepted in parks, " holman continued. " i ' ve worked for park service for over 25 years and i think i ' ve seen a progression in attitudes about trails. in most parks we have more users and more user types. we ' re having to do more trail maintenance with less money. so when we fix a section of trail, we have to fix it right to last a long time. we ' re paying more attention to the physical structure of trails. " the real key to sustainability of trails is where you put them. it ' s not the use on the trail that is the primary cause of environmental problems. it ' s how trails are laid out. the evidence of that is pretty clear. on trails all over the country some segments are perfectly fine and other segments have problems, yet both segments received the same use, " he said. " in the end, we will have better trails and that means all


location and description the 4, 670 - acre wildlife area is situated in central ohio eight miles north of delaware, 10 miles south of marion, and between u. s. routes 42 and 23. the wildlife area is adjacent to the delaware reservoir and delaware state park and can be reached from the east and west by state route 229 and from the south and north by u. s. route 23 and county road 220. the topography of the area ranges from flat to slightly rolling. the soils are generally well drained and of medium productivity. approximately 350 acres are under cultivation in row and small grain crops annually. approximately 50 percent of the wildlife area is in old field habitat consisting of mixed grasses, briers and small shrubs. over 10 percent of the area has been planted to prairie grasses, timothy and clover to provide grassland wildlife habitat. nearly 40 percent of the wildlife area consists of second growth hardwoods and brush in advanced stages of succession. the timber stands consist of cottonwood, ash, elm, beech, maple, hickory, oak, and black walnut. index of ohio ' s trees from the division of forestry. history and purpose delaware reservoir was constructed from 1947 to 1950 by the u. s. army corps of engineers for flood control. most of the 8, 301 acres are licensed to the ohio department of natural resources for fish, wildlife, and general recreation purposes. delaware state park, on the southwest side of the reservoir, provides camping, picnicking, and boat launching facilities for the hunter and angler. the remaining 6, 000 acres, including the 1, 330 - acre lake, are managed for fish and wildlife and are available for hunting and fishing. the wildlife management plan for the area provides for a diversity of habitats for upland wildlife. management techniques include sharecropping, planting of permanent nesting cover, manipulating timber stands, and periodic burning to control succession. wetland wildlife habitat has been improved by the construction of 54 ponds and the flooding of 159 acres of seasonal wetlands. the olentangy wildlife research station, which serves as the headquarters for statewide upland wildlife research, is located here. many field research projects have been carried out on this area since 1951. fish and wildlife cottontail rabbit, ring - necked pheasant, mourning dove, squirrels, woodchuck, raccoon, muskrat, mink, and opossum are the principal upland game and fur species. resident populations of canada geese, wood ducks, and mallards occur on the area. during the spring and fall migrations, these and other waterfo


muskrat, mink, and opossum are the principal upland game and fur species. resident populations of canada geese, wood ducks, and mallards occur on the area. during the spring and fall migrations, these and other waterfowl species can be found in large numbers on the reservoir, ponds, and seasonally flooded marsh. a great variety of both nesting and migrant birds utilize the area. of particular interest is the spring migration of waterfowl and songbirds and the fall migration of hawks. red - tailed hawks, american kestrels, and northern harriers ( marsh hawks ) are common summer sights over the open fields and woodlots. large numbers of turkey vultures are also present during summer. among the rare and unusual birds which have been observed are the northern goshawk, king rail, snowy owl, long - eared owl, great egret, cattle egret, and sandhill crane. in 1994, wild turkeys were relocated from eastern ohio to the delaware wildlife area. bald eagles and osprey nest at and / or near the area. bird observation is a popular activity at delaware. populations of black bass, bluegill, crappie, white bass, saugeye, and catfish occur in the reservoir. a hydrographic fishing map ( publication 231 ) for delaware lake is available. hunting, trapping, and fishing the delaware wildlife area is popular for rabbit, mourning dove, pheasant, and deer hunting. pheasants are released each year to increase harvest opportunity for this popular game bird. at the extreme southern end of the wildlife area, a 159 - acre marsh provides excellent waterfowl hunting. jump shooting for ducks on the numerous ponds is often productive. trapping for muskrat, raccoon, and mink is equally rewarding and night hunting is popular. bass, crappies, bluegill, channel catfish, and saugeye make up the bulk of the fishery. fishing below the dam during cold weather for saugeye and fishing the olentangy and whetstone rivers during the spring migration of white bass should prove rewarding. throughout the warmer months, catfish, saugeye and black crappie fishing in the reservoir is very good. public use facilities parking lots are situated throughout the area. several boat launching areas are available for anglers and hunters. a rifle and handgun shooting range is available to shooters who purchase a shooting range permit. contact the division of wildlife for details on permit prices, locations to purchase permits and dates and


the area. several boat launching areas are available for anglers and hunters. a rifle and handgun shooting range is available to shooters who purchase a shooting range permit. contact the division of wildlife for details on permit prices, locations to purchase permits and dates and hours the range is open. shotgun shooters can use the hand - trap range free of charge. the shotgun range operates under the same days and hours as the rifle - handgun range. a dog training area is available for year - round use. permission to erect a permanent duck blind on the reservoir must be secured from the park manager at the delaware state park headquarters. contact the delaware state park for more information. the following facilities are available to users with disabilities : rifle, handgun, and shotgun shooting ranges with accessible restrooms, and an archery range. further information may be obtained from the area manager, delaware wildlife area, 8589 horseshoe road, ashley, ohio 43003 ; telephone ( 740 ) 747 - 2919 ; or from the wildlife district one office, 1500 dublin road, columbus, ohio 43215 ; telephone ( 614 ) 644 - 3925. turn in a poacher ohio ’ s tip, “ turn in a poacher, ” program is helping to curtail poaching throughout the state. tip is designed to involve the public in reporting wildlife violations. citizens who observe wildlife violations should call the tip toll - free hotline, 1 - 800 - poacher.


by steven reinberg thursday, july 19 ( healthday news ) - - the number of whooping cough cases in the united states may hit a record high this year, federal health officials reported thursday. " many states are seeing higher than expected cases of pertussis [ whooping cough ], " dr. anne schuchat, director of the national center for immunization and respiratory diseases at the u. s. centers for disease control and prevention, said during a noon news conference. pertussis has already caused the death of nine infants this year, she added. as of thursday, almost 18, 000 cases had been reported, schuchat said. " that ' s more than twice as many as we saw last year at this time. in fact, that ' s more than we ' ve seen in the past five years. we may be on track for a record - high pertussis rate this year. " washington state illustrates the troubling trend. between january and june, more than 2, 500 cases of whooping cough were reported there, a 1, 300 percent increase from 2011, health officials said. most of these cases were seen among teens aged 13 to 14, despite the fact that most of these adolescents were vaccinated as young children, according to the cdc. " what is happening in washington state is a reflection of the larger national picture of this very difficult - to - control disease, " schuchat said. and, as with most diseases, reported cases are only a small percent of actual cases because most go unreported, she noted. although pertussis comes in waves every three to five years, the current outbreaks are also probably the result of waning effectiveness of the pertussis vaccine, schuchat noted. pertussis rates are the highest since a historic low in the 1970s, she added. because pertussis vaccination starts after the age of 1 and infants are especially vulnerable to the disease, schuchat urged people to get a pertussis booster. vaccination is especially important for pregnant women and others who come in contact with infants, she noted. the report is published in the july 20 issue of the morbidity and mortality weekly report, a cdc publication. the outbreak in washington state is only the tip of the iceberg, researchers stressed. similar reports are coming in from all over the nation, according to the report. dr. marc siegel, an associate professor of medicine at nyu langone medical center in


the outbreak in washington state is only the tip of the iceberg, researchers stressed. similar reports are coming in from all over the nation, according to the report. dr. marc siegel, an associate professor of medicine at nyu langone medical center in new york city, said that " this is happening because the pertussis vaccine lasts only about 10 years. " " it looks like it was less effective than everybody thought it was, " he added. " so, we have ended up with a reservoir of cases in high school and college students. " schools, siegel said, are a fertile breeding ground for bacteria such as pertussis. " this is a very easy bacteria to transmit, " he explained. in addition, doctors often fail to diagnose it because they aren ' t looking for it, siegel said. the solution to stopping the spread of pertussis is a revaccination campaign ; people should probably get a booster shot every 10 years, siegel said. although pertussis is usually not fatal in teens and adults, it can be deadly in young children and infants, siegel noted. for more information on whooping cough, visit the u. s. centers for disease control and prevention. sources : marc siegel, m. d., associate professor, medicine, nyu langone medical center, new york city ; july 19, 2012, news conference with : anne schuchat, m. d., director, national center for immunization and respiratory diseases, u. s. centers for disease control and prevention ; july 20, 2012, morbidity and mortality weekly report copyright © 2012 healthday. all rights reserved. | previous : fatal car crashes less likely in major cities, cdc study finds | | next : cervical cancer spotted later in women without health insurance | reader comments on this article are listed below. review our comments policy. submit your opinion : are you a doctor, pharmacist, pa or a nurse? join the doctors lounge online medical community


the world produces more than enough food to feed everyone on the planet, but nearly 1 billion people around the world suffer from hunger. read on how this issue is the greatest risk to health worldwide. poverty is the leading cause of hunger. one in four people in developing countries live on $ 1. 25 a day or less. natural disasters like floods, tropical storms and droughts wipe out crops and cause super serious food shortages. war moves thousands of people from their homes, leaving many without access to food supplies. many developing countries lack the tools and supplies needed to grow and transport their crops. rising temperatures are affecting crops and causing more droughts. people can become malnourished even if they eat. this happens when food does not have enough vitamins and minerals. a third of people in developing countries are affected by vitamin and mineral deficiencies. not enough vitamin a can cause blindness and retardation in children. between 100 and 140 million children is vitamin a deficient. iodine deficiency in mothers during pregnancy can cause stillbirths and mental retardation. fifty million people have mental impairment caused by a lack of iodine. hunger in the u. s. hunger in the u. s. is an issue of food insecurity. food insecurity is when a family does not have enough food because of a lack of money and other resources. in the u. s., 35. 5 million people live in food insecure households. in 2011, 45 million people received food stamps. that is a 70 percent increase from 2007! kids suffering from hunger have higher levels of chronic illness, anxiety and depression than kids with no hunger.


lori matassa and max domeika are the authors of break away with intel atom processors : a guide to architecture migration good software design seeks a balance between simplicity and efficiency. performance of the application is an aspect of software design ; however correctness and stability are typically prerequisite to extensive performance tuning efforts. a typical development cycle is depicted in figure 1 and consists of four phases : design, implementation, debugging, and tuning. the development cycle is iterative and concludes when performance and stability requirements are met. figure 1 further depicts a more detailed look inside of the tuning phase, which consists of single processor core optimization, multi - core processor optimization, and power optimization. one key fact to highlight about the optimization process is that changes made during this phase can require another round of design, implementation, and debug. it is hoped that a candidate optimization would require minimal changes, but there are no guarantees. each proposed change required as a result of a possible optimization should be evaluated in terms of stability risk, implementation effort, and performance benefit. similarly, the tune step is also iterative with the goal of reaching a satisfactory equilibrium between single core, multi - core, and power performance. the components of the tune step are summarized as follows : - single processor core tuning. optimization of the application assuming execution on one intel atom processor core. this step focuses on increasing performance, which is typically the reduction of execution time. - multi - core tuning. optimization of the application taking advantage of parallel technology including intel hyper - threading technology and multiple processor cores. this step focuses on increasing performance, which is typically the reduction of execution time. - power tuning. optimization of the application focusing on power utilization. this step focuses on reducing the amount of power used in accomplishing the same amount of work. single processor core tuning single processor core tuning focuses on improving the behavior of the application executing on one physical intel atom processor core. intel hyper - threading technology is not considered during this phase ; it enables one physical processor core to appear as two cores and introduces issues more related to multi - core processing. this tuning step isolates the behavior of the application from more complicated interactions with other threads or processes on the system. this step is not entirely focused on what traditionally is called serial tuning because parallelism in the form of vector processing or acceleration technology can be considered. the foundation of performance tuning is built upon complementary assertions that of the pareto principle and amdahl ' s law. the pareto principle, colloquially known as the 80 / 20 rule, states


of vector processing or acceleration technology can be considered. the foundation of performance tuning is built upon complementary assertions that of the pareto principle and amdahl ' s law. the pareto principle, colloquially known as the 80 / 20 rule, states that 80 percent of the time spent in an application is in 20 percent of the code. this observation helps prioritize optimization efforts to the areas of highest impact, namely the most frequently executed portions of the code. amdahl ' s law provides guidance on the limits of optimization. for example, if your optimization can only be applied to 75 percent of the application, the maximum theoretical speedup is 4 times. single processor core tuning is itself comprised of multiple steps, which are characterized as first gaining an understanding of the application and then tuning based upon general performance analysis and tuning and then analysis and tuning specific to the intel atom processor. the single processor core tuning process is summarized by the following steps : - benchmark. develop a benchmark that represents typical application usage. - profile. analyze and understand the architecture of the application. - compiler optimization. use aggressive optimizations if possible. - general microarchitecture tuning. tune based upon insight from general performance analysis statistics. these statistics, such as clock cycles per instruction retired, are generally accepted performance analysis statistics that can be employed regardless of the underlying architecture. - intel atom processor tuning. tune based on insight about known processor " glass jaws. " these include statistics and techniques to isolate performance issues specific to the intel atom processor. multi - core processor tuning the focus of multi - core processor tuning is on the effective use of parallelism that takes advantage of more than one processor core. this step pertains to both intel hyper - threading technology and true multi - core processing. there are some issues specific to each ; where appropriate these differences are highlighted. second, at the application level, two techniques allow you to take advantage of multiple processor cores, multitasking and multithreading. multitasking is the execution of multiple operating system processes on a system. in the context of one application, multitasking requires the division of work between distinct processes and special effort is required to share data between processes. multithreading is the execution of multiple threads and by default assumes memory is shared, which introduces its own set of concerns. this article limits itself to discussion of multithreading because multitasking is a more mature technology and one where the operating system governs much of the policy of execution. multithreading in the


, which introduces its own set of concerns. this article limits itself to discussion of multithreading because multitasking is a more mature technology and one where the operating system governs much of the policy of execution. multithreading in the context of the intel atom processor is much more under the control of the software developer. developing software for multi - core processors requires good analysis and design techniques. a wealth of information on these techniques is available in literature by mattson et al., breshears, and many others. tuning of multithreaded applications on the intel atom processor requires ensuring good performance when the application is executing on both, logical processor cores available via intel hyper - threading technology, and multiple physical processor cores. general multithreading issues that affect performance regardless of the architecture must be addressed. these issues include for example lock contention and workload balance. one of the performance concerns when executing under intel hyper - threading technology is on the shared resources of the processor core. for example, the caches are effectively shared between two concurrently executing threads. in a worst case scenario, it is possible for one thread to cause the other to miss in the cache on every access. tuning for multi - core processors adds another level of complication as the possible thread interactions and cache behavior can be even more complicated. it is possible for two threads to cause false sharing, which limits performance but can be easily addressed. understanding techniques to analyze performance and how to mitigate these performance issues are essential. converting a serial application to take advantage of multithreading requires an approach that uses the generic development cycle, consisting of these five phases : analysis, design, implementation, debug, and tune. there are threading tools that help with code analysis, debugging, and performance tuning. - analysis. develop a benchmark that represents typical system usage and comprised by concurrent execution of processes and threads. in many cases, the benchmark from the single core tuning phase and the initial parallel implementation may be an appropriate starting point. use a system performance profiler such as the intel vtune performance analyzer to identify the performance hotspots in the critical path. determine if the identified computations can be executed independently. if so, proceed to the next phase ; otherwise look for other opportunities with independent computations. - design. determine changes required to accommodate a threading paradigm ( data restructuring, code restructuring ) by characterizing the application threading model ( data - level or task - level parallelization ). identify which variables must be


opportunities with independent computations. - design. determine changes required to accommodate a threading paradigm ( data restructuring, code restructuring ) by characterizing the application threading model ( data - level or task - level parallelization ). identify which variables must be shared and if the current design structure is a good candidate for sharing. - implementation. convert the design into code based on the selected threading model. consider coding guidelines based on the processor architecture, such as the use of the pause instruction within spin - wait loops. make use of the multithreading software development methodologies and tools. - debug. use runtime debugging and thread analysis tools such as intel thread checker. - tune. tune for concurrent execution on multiple processor cores executing without intel hyper - threading technology. tune for concurrent execution on multiple processor cores executing with intel hyper - threading technology. tuning that is focused on power utilization is a relatively new addition to the optimization process for intel architecture processors. the goal of this phase is to reduce the power utilized by the application when executing on the embedded system. one of the key methods of doing so is by helping the processor enter and stay in one of its idle states. in an embedded system, power at its fundamental level is a measure of the number of watts consumed in driving the system. power can be consumed by several components in a system. typically, the display and the processor are the two largest consumers of power in an embedded computing system. other consumers of system power include the memory, hard drives, solid state drives, and communications. power management features already exist in many operating systems and enable implementation of power policy where various components are powered down when idle for long periods. a simple example is turning off the display after a few minutes of idle activity. power policy can also govern behavior based upon available power sources. for example, the embedded system may default to a low level of display brightness when powered by battery as opposed to being plugged into an outlet. several statistics exist for characterizing the power used by a system including : - thermal design power ( tdp ). the maximum amount of heat that a thermal solution must be able to dissipate from the processor so that the processor operates under normal operating conditions. tdp is typically measured in watts. - " plug load " power. a measure of power drawn from an outlet as the embedded system executes. plug load power is typically measured in watts. - battery power draw. a estimate of power drawn from a battery as the embedded system executes. typically


plug load " power. a measure of power drawn from an outlet as the embedded system executes. plug load power is typically measured in watts. - battery power draw. a estimate of power drawn from a battery as the embedded system executes. typically, battery power draw is stated in watts and is based upon estimates from acpi. your project requirements will guide which of these power measurements to employ and what goals will be set with regard to them. the intel atom processor enables a number of power states, which are classified into c - states and p - states. c - states are different levels of processor activity and range from c0, where the processor is fully active down to c6 where the processor is completely idle and many portions of the processor are powered down. p - states, known as performance states, are different levels of processor frequency and voltage. to determine if optimizations improve power utilization, a tool is required to measure power utilization. there are two categories of tools to measure power on an embedded system. the first category provides a direct measurement and employs physical probes to measure the amount of power used. these probes could be as simple as a plug load power probe between the device and the electrical outlet. they could require more extensive probes placed on the system board monitoring various power rails such as those required to execute the eembc energybench benchmark. the second category, power state profiling tools, employs an indirect method of measuring power utilization. instead of directly measuring power, this class of tool measures and reports on the amount of time spent in different power states. the objective when using these tools is to understand what activities are causing the processor to enter c0 and to minimize them. the goal of power tuning is two - fold : - minimize time in active state. - maximize time in inactive state. on the surface it may seem like these goals are redundant ; however in practice both are required. power is expended in transitioning into and out of idle modes. a processor that is repeatedly waking up and then going back to sleep may consume more power than a processor that has longer periods in an active state. in general, the end result is for the system to be in idle mode 90 percent of the time. of course, this end result depends on the specific workload and application. techniques to meet this goal follow one of two tuning strategies, which are summarized as follows : - race to idle. the tasks are executed as quickly as possible to enable the system to idle. this approach typically entails aggressive performance


women far more likely to live to 100 than men : u. s. census tuesday dec. 11, 2012 - - women stand a much better chance of becoming centenarians than men do, a new u. s. census bureau report shows. of the 53, 364 people aged 100 and older in the united states in 2010, more than 80 percent were women, the report found. for every 100 centenarian women, there were only 20. 7 men in that very select age group. centenarians accounted for less than two per 10, 000 people in the total u. s. population, and 19 per 10, 000 of people who were 70 and older, according to the analysis. about 62 percent of centenarians were aged 100 or 101, while about 92 percent were aged 100 to 104. supercentenarians ( people aged 110 and older ) represented 0. 6 percent of the centenarian population, the report said. centenarians were less ethnically and racially diverse than the overall u. s. population. in 2010, 82. 5 percent of centenarians were white alone, compared with 72. 4 percent white alone in the total population. hispanics accounted for 5. 8 percent of centenarians, compared with 16. 3 percent of the total population. compared to other living arrangements, centenarian women were slightly more likely ( 35. 2 percent ) to live in a nursing home, and centenarian men were more likely to be living with others in a household ( 43. 5 percent ). centenarians who were white or non - hispanic were most likely to live alone, 36. 4 percent and 35 percent, respectively. nearly 86 percent of centenarians lived in an urban area in 2010. most lived in the south ( 17, 444 ), followed by the midwest ( 13, 112 ), northeast ( 12, 244 ) and west ( 10, 564 ). in general, states with the largest populations had the most centenarians, the report noted. california had the most centenarians ( 5, 921 ), followed by new york, florida and texas. alaska had the fewest centenarians ( 40 ), along with wyoming ( 72 ), vermont ( 133 ) and delaware ( 146 ). the u. s. national institute on aging offers healthy aging advice. posted : december 2012


the following lots ( 185 - 208 ) consist of ephemeral mexican publications that are rarely encountered. by their nature, they were not really meant to survive. many of them concern problems and issues in texas, california, new mexico, and other mexican borderland areas. they offer considerable insight into the day - to - day pressing events that needed to be addressed by mexico as the texas revolution gradually built and unfolded. as such, there is an immediacy about them. sometimes the information in this type of material cannot be found in standard sources such as arrillaga and elsewhere. to fully appreciate the history north of the border, it is useful to understand the history from the other side. 185. mexico. army. division del norte. general en gefe. noticia extraordinaria.... a las doce del dia de ayer he ocupado esta plaza con las tropas de mi brigada, habiendo convenido al sr. general urrea.... [ letter from valentin canalizo dated monterrey june 21, 1839, reporting on the terms that he and urrea have reached. ] [ dated and signed at end ] : monterrey, june 21, 1839, pedro de valle. [ colophon ] : monterrey : = 1839. - - imprenta del gobierno, a cargo del c. froylan de mier. 2 pp., folio ( 30. 7 x 21 cm ), wove paper. creased where formerly folded, otherwise fine. first edition. after jose de urrea ’ s participation in combating the texas revolution, he basically spent the rest of his career fomenting one rebellion after another. at the time when the republic of the rio grande was being contested by federalists and centralists, urrea proclaimed sinaloa and sonora to be part of the federalist system. however, he was defeated shortly thereafter, whereupon he fled to durango and became involved in yet another uprising in conjunction with jose antonio mexia ( see handbook of texas online ), the end of which is documented here. on april 30, 1839, santa - anna reached puebla first, thereby securing it for the centralist forces. three days later, mexia and urrea were defeated, whereupon mexia was immediately executed. urrea managed to elude capture and, along with some of his followers, fled to tampico, where he could have the advantage of its strong fortifications and gunboats in the port. general arista soon


whereupon mexia was immediately executed. urrea managed to elude capture and, along with some of his followers, fled to tampico, where he could have the advantage of its strong fortifications and gunboats in the port. general arista soon conquered the city, but urrea again managed to escape, fleeing to tuxpan, which surrendered a few days later. the main document printed here, entitled “ capitulacion de tuxpan ” and dated june 13, 1839, stipulates almost total amnesty for both troops and civilians who participated in the federalist uprising. a final article contains urrea ’ s agreement that he will return to private life. in reality, however, general paredes had agreed that urrea could be restored as a general in the mexican army, an arrangement santa - anna annulled. one of the ships urrea had available to him at tampico was the former texas navy schooner independence, which had been captured in 1837 by the mexicans ; however, its crew was taken prisoner by arista ’ s forces. tucson, arizona, native urrea ( 1797 - 1849 ) was a significant player in borderland history for several decades. he died of cholera shortly after the mexican - american war, in which he fought. see handbook of texas online ( jose de urrea ). ( $ 100 - 300 ) auction 21 | dsrb home | e - mail : firstname. lastname @ example. org copyright dorothy sloan 2007


california - - south san francisco bay wetlands restoration project, knapp tract, santa clara county the south bay region of the san francisco bay consists of approximately 75, 000 acres of public and private wetland and associated upland habitats. this project will restore 332 acres of wetlands by reestablishing estuarine tidal flows between the south bay and remnant tidal sloughs within the don edwards san francisco bay national wildlife refuge. restored tidal exchange will facilitate marsh development which will provide habitat for waterfowl and many other species of wetland wildlife, particularly endangered species such as the california clapper rail and salt marsh harvest mouse. work activities by du will include survey and engineering services, procurement of materials, and management of earthwork activities to breach levees and plug artificial ditches. this area is owned and managed by the u. s. fish and wildlife service. california - - sonny bono salton sea national wildlife refuge wetland restoration and enhancement, imperial county ducks unlimited is working with sonny bono salton sea national wildlife refuge managers to restore and enhance emergent wetlands and associated uplands to benefit a variety of wildlife. work will also give refuge managers additional tools to maximize their management capabilities while conserving water. habitat units on the refuge are in need of a new water control infrastructure to better maximize and conserve water. in addition, wetland topography on some units is currently inadequate to provide the diversity of shallow water habitats necessary for resident and migratory wildlife species. this project seeks to restore 60 acres of wetlands and associated uplands and enhance 345 acres of wetlands by restoring wetland topography and hydrology and improving water conveyance. new water control structures will be installed and a new levee constructed to provide additional undulating shallow water habitat. the refuge has been managed for over 70 years by the u. s. fish and wildlife service to provide a wide variety of habitats for the protection and conservation of migratory and resident species. the increased shallow water habitat and management potential will benefit waterfowl, shorebirds, colonial waterbirds, and neotropical songbirds. in addition, many species of desert wildlife will benefit from improved habitat. california - - live oak gun club - wetland water supply improvement for fields 5 and 6, sutter county live oak gun club is a i, 726 - acre private duck hunting club located in the heart of the butte sink. the property consists of seasonal wetlands managed to provide habitat for migrating and wintering waterfowl and provide waterfowl hunting. also present are some rice lands that are winter flooded for waterfowl. in addition, some wetland areas remain


butte sink. the property consists of seasonal wetlands managed to provide habitat for migrating and wintering waterfowl and provide waterfowl hunting. also present are some rice lands that are winter flooded for waterfowl. in addition, some wetland areas remain flooded through late spring and early summer to provide waterfowl brood - rearing habitat. some year - round water is also maintained in some areas in accordance with a management agreement under the california department of fish and game ' s landowner incentive program. most of the property is protected through conservation easements held by either the u. s. fish and wildlife service or natural resources conservation service. the project area is located within a federally - held easement. du ’ s work will enhance 98 acres of wetlands and will consist of installing a well and pump to improve the overall water supply and provide a reliable source of water to support summer and early fall wetland habitat. this club has been used for waterfowl hunting for many years and is recognized as one of the most important privately - owned wetland areas for waterfowl in the sacramento valley. standard wetland management activities conducted on the property include mowing, discing, burning, and spraying to control undesirable vegetation ; irrigating in the summer and early fall to promote vigorous vegetation growth and seed production from desirable waterfowl food plants ; and planting wetland trees and shrubs. this club provides important habitat for a variety of wildlife and is extremely important for wintering waterfowl in the pacific flyway. waterfowl \ that will benefit from this project include mallard, gadwall, northern pintail, and green - winged teal. this project will also benefit several special - status species including greater sandhill crane, white - faced ibis, and american bittern.


preventive medicine guidelines for the physician assistant exam as a healthcare professional, you may be evaluated on how well you adhere to preventive medicine guidelines. the physician assistant exam ( pance ) will certainly expect you to know about preventive medicine. benjamin franklin said it best when he said, an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. health maintenance involves different types of prevention, namely primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. primary prevention : the goal of primary prevention is to use measures that prevent disease or illness from occurring in the first place. secondary prevention : secondary prevention means a medical condition may be present, but screening catches the condition early, before the person develops symptoms. tertiary prevention : tertiary prevention focuses on limiting further progression of a disease process or on rehabilitation to help improve a significantly disabling condition ( in other words, restoring a person ’ s functioning ). as an example in primary prevention, suppose a person does not have a diagnosis of coronary artery disease ( cad ) but takes steps to reduce risk factors for developing cad. these steps can include exercising ; adhering to an eating plan low in saturated fat and high in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains ; keeping cholesterol levels and blood pressure low ; and never starting smoking. secondary prevention includes lowering the cholesterol to goal and adhering to strict blood pressure guidelines. aspirin therapy is also indicated, as the person has documented cad. tertiary prevention is treating someone who has cad as diagnosed by a cardiac catheterization. steps to reduce further progression could include the use of beta blockers, ace inhibitors, statin therapy, and exercise therapy. note the overlap between secondary and tertiary prevention as it relates to cad ; the difference is that with secondary prevention, you ’ re trying to intervene before the person develops the symptoms of cad. with tertiary prevention, the person has established cad ( with a catheter and multiple stents placed ), and you ’ re trying to prevent the condition from getting any worse. broadly, primary prevention can include the following : lifestyle choices : physical exercise reduces the risk for many conditions and is good for total body health. stopping smoking, limiting alcohol use, and following a healthy diet are all examples of primary prevention. vaccines : a vaccine prevents a disease from occurring in the first place. examples include vaccines intended to prevent measles, mumps, smallpox, and influenza. condoms and safe sexual practices : the goal is to prevent the spread of sexually transmitted disease ( sti ), especially hiv / aids. some practices can prevent pregnancy as


include vaccines intended to prevent measles, mumps, smallpox, and influenza. condoms and safe sexual practices : the goal is to prevent the spread of sexually transmitted disease ( sti ), especially hiv / aids. some practices can prevent pregnancy as well. safety gear : other examples of primary prevention include using a helmet when riding a bike and wearing a seatbelt. examples of secondary prevention can include cancer screening and prophylaxis of deep venous thrombosis ( dvt ) in a hospital setting. some medical conditions are prevalent in the population, and screening for them reduces the risk of acquiring them. also, if a cancer is caught early, you ’ ve reduced the risk of potential complications. the same goes for dvt prophylaxis. someone who ’ s bedridden and not moving is at high risk for developing of a deep venous thrombosis. the goal is to minimize the risk with prophylaxis, such as anti - coagulation therapy. examples of tertiary prevention include aggressive rehabilitation to restore functionality in a person who has suffered a stroke. in someone diagnosed with diabetes, tertiary prevention includes screening for eye and renal problems. you ’ re evaluating a 55 - year - old male with a history of asthma, which has been well controlled on his current asthma regimen. he notes that recently at work he ’ s been having asthma flares. your goal is to identify potential allergens at his workplace that are worsening his asthma. which of the following would this be an example of? ( a ) primary prevention ( b ) secondary prevention ( c ) tertiary prevention ( d ) occupational health prevention ( e ) global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease ( gold ) criteria the correct answer is choice ( c ). this man ’ s asthma was stable before an exposure at work that has caused an exacerbation. looking for potential allergens to prevent worsening of his condition is an example of tertiary prevention. an example of secondary prevention, choice ( b ), is the use of a steroid inhaler in someone who ’ s been having asthma exacerbations and for whom an as - needed albuterol inhaler isn ’ t enough. primary prevention, choice ( a ), would be eliminating risk factors that could foster the development of asthma and / or lung disease, including not smoking in the house and reducing exposure to second - hand smoke and other lung irritants. given that this issue is taking place at work, occupational health may


steve lewis / durango herald as the manager at burger king, flor rodriguez has climbed to the topmost rung she can reach, but the single mother of two still can ’ t afford to support her children. she works up to 60 hours per week for an annual salary of $ 32, 000, but her bills outpace her wages month after month. so now she ’ s considering getting a second job at denny ’ s. rodriguez, who never earned a high school diploma, knows that more education is the key to a better job but has almost no time or money to put toward ged classes. low - wage workers – defined by the u. s. department of health and human services as those who make $ 11 an hour or less – form the backbone of durango ’ s tourism industry. yet for many of these workers, their efforts reap neither the savings for the future nor the resources to take the next step toward a better life. the concept of a low - wage job becoming a stepping stone to a better career is more myth than reality. this low - wage dilemma doesn ’ t affect everyone equally. national statistics and local observations reveal that the populations disproportionately represented in low - wage jobs are those that have long struggled to gain equal footing in the work world : minorities and women. a mountain of barriers statistics show that after a 25 - year period, only half of those in the lowest 20 percent of wage earners had moved up, and of those who did move, half had moved only to the next highest wage group but still earned less than the national median wage, according to statistics from the sloan work and family research network. abel garcia has been a low - wage earner since he entered high school. ten months ago, he was a high school senior about to graduate, with his sights set on going to college and becoming a mechanical engineer. but now those dreams have been smothered under the weight of 11 - hour workdays making tacos and waiting tables at two local restaurants. he doesn ’ t have time to pursue a college degree and has little savings left over after paying bills and his share of rent to live with his parents. local advocates agreed that education is a crucial step on the path to career advancement, but for people living paycheck to paycheck, finding the time and the money for classes or training can seem an insurmountable challenge. durango ’ s higher cost of living exaggerates the financial burden, said eve presler, founder of the


paycheck to paycheck, finding the time and the money for classes or training can seem an insurmountable challenge. durango ’ s higher cost of living exaggerates the financial burden, said eve presler, founder of the collaboration of caring communities, which works to optimize services and resources for people in need. the hourly wage required for a single person to sustain himself of herself in the county is $ 11. 57, according to region 9 economic development district. the livable wage for those supporting families is triple that. yet average wages for the three most common occupations here – sales, administrative support, and food service and preparation – are between $ 9 and $ 15. “ it ’ s like you can ’ t afford less hours, but you also can ’ t afford not to improve yourself, ” said sallie collom, a spunky 32 - year - old who works more than 60 hours per week at two fast - food restaurants in town to pay $ 450 per month for rent and other bills. “ education would definitely help, but i ’ ve gotta pay the bills. ” collom doesn ’ t have children, but those who do face the added challenge of securing child care while they attend classes or training, said nicole mosher, executive director of the four corners immigrant resource center. it ’ s also hard for people on the financial edge to think about the long - term benefits of education or technical training, said deborah uroda, programs coordinator with the women ’ s resource center. the area ’ s high living costs leave many unable to cover costs but still ineligible for assistance such as food stamps or child care support. so even if a person is working full time, his or her life might not look different from someone who is unemployed, presler said. lower - level workers also are usually the first to be laid off or fired. “ it ’ s hard to advance in a career when you are perpetually looking for a new job, ” presler said. women and minorities face additional challenges to making their way up the career ladder. minority children are more likely to grow up in poverty and to enter the workforce with less education. and many immigrants face language - related challenges, yet also often have to send money back to family members in their home countries, leaving less to spend on english classes or vocational training, mosher said. single motherhood is on the rise, bringing its own set of barriers. the prospect of taking out large student loans to finance an education, for example, is a huge


, leaving less to spend on english classes or vocational training, mosher said. single motherhood is on the rise, bringing its own set of barriers. the prospect of taking out large student loans to finance an education, for example, is a huge concern for women who are the sole supporters of their families, said deborah uroda, of the women ’ s resource center. and single parents or not, women continue to take on the lion ’ s share of child - rearing responsibilities and may be perceived as less reliable when they have to put family before their work, which could hurt their chances for a promotion, uroda said. such workplace discrimination is more widespread than most people realize, said ryan smith, an associate professor of sociology at baruch college in new york who studies race, ethnicity and gender in the workplace. segregation of minorities and women into certain kinds of jobs is a national phenomenon, smith said. managers and upper - level executives, who are disproportionately white and male, tend to hire and promote employees from similar backgrounds as themselves, perpetuating the racial and gender inequality, smith said. “ if you are a racial minority and you worked hard, got a good education and spoke the language well, research shows you would still confront barriers to employment that would have nothing to do with your abilities, ” smith said. for women and minorities, “ it seems like the system is rigged, ” he said. but when people are locked into certain positions, their potential is stifled because there isn ’ t a reward for working harder, smith said. a concentration of women and minorities in low - wage jobs also deprives the overall economy of the benefits of a diverse workforce. “ no one group has a monopoly on productivity, virtue or vice, ” smith said. it is demoralizing for people to work day in and day out without hope for a pay increase, said roger zalneraitis, executive director of the la plata economic development alliance. if people are resigned to living paycheck to paycheck, they put off buying a house or going back to school, which has a human and economic cost, said joseph thomas, with colorado jobs with justice. “ people are cutting out all the stuff that provides a boost to the economy, ” he said. low - wage earners also lack the ability to save for retirement, emergencies or health care, making them more likely to depend on social services, experts said. but low - wage work supports a system that produces affordable goods and services. the trade -


sleep is an essential part of living and one that is often taken for granted. the average person spends well more than one - third of his or her life sleeping. however, sleep is essential to normal functioning. our body utilizes sleep as a time to rejuvenate, rest, repair and process the many experiences of the day. sleep deprivation is known to result in fatigue, irritability, emotional swings, and decreased physical and mental performance, and can even raise blood pressure. disorders of sleep are unfortunately common. sleep hygiene is a term used to describe the many aspects of the daily schedule that may affect sleep. believe it or not, we are all born with an internal clock. many people who suffer from problems with sleep have problems with the functioning of the internal clock. sleep hygiene refers to the process for resetting our internal clock to help us sleep properly. the first step to good sleep hygiene is to arrange our sleep environment so that it favors sleep. this means that where you sleep should be quiet, relaxing, reasonably dark and designated specifically for sleep purposes. a bedroom filled with things that might distract from sleep is undesirable. removal of projects, television, computer, video games and the like can enhance the sleep environment. the next step is to develop a routine. the average adult requires seven to eight hours of sleep per 24 - hour period. children and adolescents may require more sleep, while the elderly may require less sleep. establishing a sleep routine begins with setting a bedtime and awakening time that account for the desired seven to eight hours of sleep. a person should plan to go to bed at the same time each night and to arise from bed the same time each morning. for people who have sleep difficulties, this should be the same schedule seven days a week without changes on weekends or holidays. moreover, even if you do not sleep well on a given night you should still plan to get up and go to bed at the scheduled time. gradually, the body will conform to the schedule in order to meet its sleep needs. another important approach to good sleep hygiene is diet and exercise. getting regular physical activity and eating scheduled meals made up of a well - balanced diet actually promotes healthy sleep behavior. for people with sleep difficulties, i often recommend avoidance of caffeine after noon. this includes soda, energy drinks, coffee, tea and chocolate. caffeine, as a stimulant, can contribute to sleep problems. also, nicotine and alcohol can lead to sleep problems and should be avoided in those who have difficulty sleeping