data centres have always been secure, tightly controlled facilities, but 9 / 11 brought about changes that pushed security and physical protections to even higher levels. data centres today, particularly those serving as colocation facilities, are more likely to have multiple points of security that may include physical barriers such as crash - resistant fences and high - tech defenses such as biometric identification systems. it ' s less likely today that backup and recovery data centres will be built near one another. and new data centres are more likely to be built outside of urban areas. " data centre designers have always been mindful of security concerns, " said tad davies, an executive vice - president at bick group, an it services provider whose work includes data centre design. " what 9 / 11 caused us to do is think broader and on a massive scale. " davies said he knows of one company that relocated its data centre to a site that was within a four - hour drive of its backup data centres. the reason : it wanted to be certain that its it staff could easily reach the facility by car in the event that air transportation was shut down, which is what happened on sept. 11, 2001. kris domich, who is the principal data centre consultant at dimension data, an it services provider, said that 9 / 11 helped increased the acceptable distance between primary and secondary locations. instead of having the data centers within a relatively quick drive, minimum distances can range between 100 and 1, 000 miles or more. the events of 9 / 11 also prompted private companies and government agencies to question whether data centres should be located in urban areas. the attacks, domich said, prompted executives to ask, " why do we have the data centre here, and do we need to have the data centre here? " there are other factors that influence where enterprises choose to build data centres, especially energy costs and concerns about natural disasters. but there are exceptions to everything. while companies like apple inc. and google inc. have built new data centres in relatively rural locations, microsoft corp. has opened a major data centre in chicago. ken brill, founder of the uptime institute, said 9 / 11 revealed that many data centres of the major financial services companies were in locations that could not be easily secured. " the best defense remains site selection, " brill said. " having acres of surrounding land is the best defence. " " the military uses 159 [ feet ] as the minimum separation between the outside walls of critical buildings and areas of public access, " brill said. " if this criterion


introduction / history the luri are a nomadic tribe of shepherds who live in the zagros mountains of southwestern iran. many believe that they were, in fact, the original inhabitants of this area. others suggest that they immigrated there from syria during the seventh century a. d. the luri are primarily located in three regions : lorestan, bakhtaran and kohkiluyeh, all of which are part of the zagros mountains. the valleys within this range have rich pastures that have been used by different nomadic tribes from time to time. although most of the luri live in this general area, other luri communities can also be found scattered across iran. a small number ( 61, 300 ) also live across the border in iraq. the luri speak a language, also called " luri, " that is very similar to modern persian, or " farsi. " since the luri men regularly have contacts outside their own communities, they are generally bilingual. the women, however, usually only speak luri. what are their lives like? about half of the luri are shepherds. they live as nomads, traveling six to eight months out of the year and living in black goat - hair tents. they only live in permanent dwellings for a few months during the winter. from october to april they live in low - lying pastures ; but in the dry season, they move their flocks to high mountain pastures. the luri believe that a shepherd ' s success is determined by his personal qualities and good luck. luri society is dominated by those possessing the largest herds and the most money. this upper class hires members of the lower class to tend to their flocks. the majority of the luri are members of the lower class of society. they depend on the upper class for jobs and economic support. shepherds of small herds are often forced to hire out their sons to the large herd owners so that they might earn a sufficient income. some of the luri prefer farming over shepherding. they live in permanent villages all year round, as opposed to moving from place to place, and raise wheat and barley as their principal crops. the luri are divided into political units called tribes, or " il. " each tribe consists of several distinct sub - tribes. each sub - tribe, or " oulad, " is made up of several families that have a common ancestor. the sub - tribes are divided into small villages of three to eight " tent households. " the tent household includes a husband


- tribes. each sub - tribe, or " oulad, " is made up of several families that have a common ancestor. the sub - tribes are divided into small villages of three to eight " tent households. " the tent household includes a husband, wife, and children, along with their flock of sheep or goats. each tribe is headed by a hereditary chief, or " khan, " who is recruited by one of the sub - tribes. a yearly tax on grains and animals provides financial support for the khan. the luri are known for their rich folklore. their tales glorify the history of each tribal group and describe the adventures of their heroes. they also emphasize such characteristics as honor, loyalty, generosity, and, most importantly, bravery in battle. what are their beliefs? the luri are practicing shi ' a muslims. however, unlike many of the shi ' a who tend to be entirely dogmatic in their beliefs, the luri have adopted a very practical belief system with simple religious practices. shrines dedicated to " holy men " ( founders of various islamic groups ) are scattered throughout the region. because these shrines are believed to posses healing powers, people with physical and psychological ailments visit them each year in hopes of being cured. what are their needs? iran is currently facing serious economic and political problems. the luri live in a constant state of political unrest, and there is a tremendous need for true, inner peace. many children do not attend school due to the lack of classrooms and teachers. only about 48 percent of iran ' s adults can read and write. the luri have had little chance of ever hearing the gospel of jesus christ. prayer pointsview luri, northern in all countries. * pray that laws in iran which restrict the preaching of the gospel will be changed. * ask god to create an openness to christianity within the hearts of the luri. * pray that god will raise up laborers who understand the muslim culture and who can effectively take the gospel to them. * pray that god will provide contacts, strategies, and wisdom for missions agencies trying to reach the luri. * ask the lord to send christian teachers to iran. * pray that iran ' s present condition of political unrest will cause the luri to begin searching for true peace. * ask god to raise up a strong local church among the luri. * pray for translation of the bible to begin in this people group ' s primary language.


october 10, 2011 a new image from nasa ' s dawn spacecraft shows a mountain almost three times as high as mt. everest, amidst the topography in the south polar region of the giant asteroid vesta. the peak of vesta ' s south pole mountain, seen in the center of the image, rises about 13 miles ( 22 kilometers ) above the average height of the surrounding terrain. another impressive structure is a large scarp, a cliff with a steep slope, on the right side of this image. the scarp bounds part of the south polar depression, and the dawn team ' s scientists believe features around its base are probably the result of landslides. the image is online at : http : / / www. nasa. gov / mission _ pages / dawn / multimedia / pia14869. html. it was created from a shape model of vesta, and shows an oblique perspective view of the topography of the south polar region. the image resolution is about 300 meters per pixel, and the vertical scale is 1. 5 times that of the horizontal scale. dawn entered orbit around vesta in july. members of the mission team will discuss what the spacecraft has seen so far during a news conference at the annual meeting of the geological society of america in minneapolis. among other things, they ' ll share their hypotheses on the origins of vesta ' s curious craters. the meeting, at the minneapolis convention center, runs from oct. 9 to 12, with the dawn news conference scheduled for wednesday, oct. 12, at 10 a. m. pdt ( noon cdt ). the event will air live on the geological society of america webcast page at : http : / / hosted. mediasite. com / mediasite / viewer /? peid = e8adbee5a37e455fbe199b29129e3b7c1d. media representatives not able to attend the meeting may participate by registering at : http : / / rock. geosociety. org / forms / 11 _ pressconf. asp. more information about the webcast is at : the event will also be carried live, with a moderated chat, at : http : / / www. ustream. tv / nasajpl2. the news conference panelists are : carol raymond, dawn deputy principal investigator, nasa ' s jet propulsion laboratory, pasadena, calif. paul schenk, dawn participating scientist, lunar and planetary institute, houston debra buczkowski,


##pl2. the news conference panelists are : carol raymond, dawn deputy principal investigator, nasa ' s jet propulsion laboratory, pasadena, calif. paul schenk, dawn participating scientist, lunar and planetary institute, houston debra buczkowski, dawn participating scientist, applied physics laboratory, johns hopkins university, laurel, md. federico tosi, dawn visible and infrared spectrometer team member, italian space agency, rome following a year at vesta, the spacecraft will depart in july 2012 for ceres, where it will arrive in 2015. dawn ' s mission to vesta and ceres is managed by the jet propulsion laboratory, pasadena, calif., for nasa ' s science mission directorate in washington. jpl is a division of the california institute of technology in pasadena. dawn is a project of the directorate ' s discovery program, managed by nasa ' s marshall space flight center in huntsville, ala. ucla is responsible for overall dawn mission science. orbital sciences corp. in dulles, va., designed and built the spacecraft. the german aerospace center, the max planck institute for solar system research, the italian space agency and the italian national astrophysical institute are international partners on the mission team. more information about the dawn mission is at : http : / / www. nasa. gov / dawn and http : / / dawn. jpl. nasa. gov. to follow the mission on twitter, visit : http : / / www. twitter. com / nasa _ dawn. priscilla vega 818 - 354 - 1357 jet propulsion laboratory, pasadena, calif.


© evanston photographic research : professor angela lee, marketing is critical to make advertising dollars deliver best return, says kellogg school marketing scholar morning we wake to our favorite music blaring from the alarm clock and grab a cup of coffee. at lunch we search the crowd for friendly faces to chat with while we enjoy a type of sandwich we ' ve eaten many times before, perhaps since childhood. and after a long day, we turn in on worn sheets that feel deliciously comfortable after dozens of washings. are creatures of habit who delight in the familiar. and, truth be told, many of us are a little bit lazy. human behavior, says kellogg school marketing professor lee, determines whether advertising messages hit or miss their intended targets. one ever decides to develop a $ 500, 000 advertising campaign to show it only once, " lee says. " besides cost effectiveness, there ' s a good reason : the more we are exposed to things, the more we choose them. " why, according to professor lee, who studies human information processing and memory. first few times people see a new advertisement, they puzzle over it, trying to make sense of the message and product. then consumers decide if they understand the ad and accept what it is saying. these individuals soon grow more critical, exploring whether the message is persuasive, until finally, after a few more viewings, they tire of the message altogether and demand additional novelty. investigates ideas such as perceptual fluency, " liking without conscious awareness " that develops through sensory exposure, and conceptual fluency, preference that develops when something comes to mind easily. a pioneer in the field of advertising context effects — how the environment surrounding advertisements governs their effectiveness — lee ' s recent research indicates advertisers should pay attention to the messages featured in proximity to their own, even if those messages are about products in a different category. watching your favorite sitcom and the show goes to commercial break. first up is a mayonnaise ad in which a family sits around a kitchen table making sandwiches. a ketchup commercial lee says, are more likely to evaluate the ketchup favorably after having viewed an ad for a similar product. in her words, the mayonnaise spot " primes the ketchup " by helping consumers tap into their network of memory associations. because ketchup is part of the same associative network, lee says, it becomes ready to be processed when consumers view the mayonnaise commercial. and consumers favor brands that can be easily processed.


into their network of memory associations. because ketchup is part of the same associative network, lee says, it becomes ready to be processed when consumers view the mayonnaise commercial. and consumers favor brands that can be easily processed. something lee calls " goal fluency " — the orientation of ads toward either " promotion " or " prevention " messages — also affects the way viewers evaluate them. picture a commercial for a lice - killing shampoo that urges viewers to scrub with a special soap to kill the pests ( a prevention message ). when followed by an advertisement touting a conditioner that develops silky hair ( a promotion message ), viewers have more difficulty processing the conditioner message and, consequently, are less likely to develop favorable attitudes toward the hair conditioner. when the lice shampoo ad is followed by a pest spray commercial with another prevention message, consumers experience greater processing ease and develop more favorable attitudes, lee ' s research illustrates the old adage ' there ' s nothing so practical as a good theory. ' her depth of understanding regarding how memory operates provides the foundation for unique strategic insights about how to develop more effective persuasive messages, " says professor alice tybout, chair of the kellogg school marketing department. journal of marketing research has published lee ' s conclusions in its may 2004 edition, and more of her work is forthcoming in the same periodical. in addition to its scholarly impact, her research has practical applications for advertisers, who typically negotiate to ensure competing products or even the same type of products are not featured in the same commercial block, but don ' t give as much thought to the messages that are part of the same spot. processing shortcuts lee describes in her research likely developed as part of an evolutionary shift to help humans quickly gauge whether something is beneficial or potentially dangerous. such shortcuts are not necessarily a bad thing, are formed after we put in an initial effort, " lee says. " we do the work up - front. we are pulled in so many directions that we have to be efficient, and we often end up relying on unconscious cues. "


ra - " sun " embodied in the golden sun which is his symbol, ra is netjer of light, life, and heat, and the power inherent in the sun which warms our planet. in several forms, ra has been venerated as the central name of netjer of the kemetic faith through its entire history, considered both father and the king of all netjeru, the great one who both creates and destroys. ra rose to prominence as the early dynasties of the old kingdom, who venerated him as their family patron, began to call themselves " sons of ra " in official titularies and constructed sun - temples and pyramids ( a special symbol of ra via their connection to the ben - ben, a pyramidal - shaped stone from which ra as a bennu ( a white heron, called " phoenix " by the greeks ) rose from nun and sang the song of creation ) in his honor. ra ' s popularity, as immanent as sunlight itself, continued throughout kemetic history ; even great names as amen and ptah had to " share the spotlight " with ra, and in amen ' s case, a composite name, amen - ra, king of netjeru, was created to avoid slighting either cult, which by new kingdom times had power and wealth to rival even the royal house. ra " lives " within the actual physical disk of sun, mythologically described as the " boat of millions of years " which rises and sets each day, riding from horizon to horizon on the back ( or belly ) of nut, and traversing during the hours of darkness the netherworlds where the enemies of ma ' at reside. even in modern egypt, the sun is often referred to as ra, especially on bright summer days.


pulitzer prize – winner d ’ antonio ( the state boys ’ rebellion, 2004, etc. ) provides a solid biography of the man whose name lives on through his eponymous chocolate bar. and unlike his near - contemporaries, those evil robber barons, the name of milton s. hershey ( 1857 – 1945 ) remains fairly sweet upon the tongue. general consensus paints the candy maker as a santa - like tycoon, a manufacturer of great wealth who was pleased to bestow his largesse — as long as you did things his way. in the mold of a horatio alger tale, his biography chronicles the rise of a poor maker of caramels to benevolent ruler of his own fiefdom. from stern mennonite stock, he married a working - class irish - catholic woman with an ebullient personality and a shadowy past ; their happy union was cut short by her premature death from syphilis. in business, hershey was a trendsetter who through dogged experiment formulated confections that conquered the american market. even before he was quite sure how to prepare milk chocolate ( a mixture, basically, of oil and water ), he confidently built a factory on his home turf, creating his very own town in the pennsylvania countryside. he countenanced no cussing on the corner of cocoa and chocolate avenues, maintained with the sales of nickel chocolate bars, individually gift - wrapped kisses and crunchy mr. goodbars. the childless magnate ’ s favored eleemosynary object was the hershey industrial school for selected orphan boys — no slow learners, antisocial types or bedwetters. in his time, in his town, mr. hershey could be difficult. quick to give with remarkable generosity, he was also quick to give sudden notice to employees who displeased. wide - ranging social history underpins a well - told, balanced account of the candy man, his business and his milieu.


as debate rages over sexism and misogyny in canberra and across the country, a global survey has found australian women are the most economically empowered in the world. the study says australian women are the world ' s most economically advanced in terms of access to education, market participation and anti - discrimination policies. despite australia still failing to pay women salaries equal to men – average weekly earnings for women are 17 per cent less than men – the survey by international consulting and management firm booz & company found it topped a list of 128 countries in allowing women to play a role as economic agents in their social and political systems. australia was followed by three scandinavian countries — norway, sweden and finland. new zealand was fifth. at the bottom of the list were yemen, pakistan, sudan and chad. across the globe, the survey found up to 1 billion women will enter the world ' s workforce over the next decade. called the third billion index, the report argues that while the burgeoning populations of india and china have been given much attention by the media, less has been paid to the 1 billion women who will soon enter the world ' s workforce. the report compares each country ' s performance at providing women with : - primary, secondary and tertiary education ; - equal pay for equal work ; - non - discrimination policies ; - access to childcare ; - property ownership rights ; - ability to access credit. it also looks at whether wages are equal, the number of women in work compared with men, and whether there is equality in the number of female managers, senior business leaders and politicians. the study used data from the world economic forum and the economist intelligence unit to isolate factors that allowed women to have access to the larger economy. the huge jump in female employers and employees, managers and entrepreneurs would power global economic growth but key decision - makers in many countries had insufficiently studied its impact, the report argues. " there is a clear correlation between... processes and policies regarding women ' s economic opportunities and the actual success of women in their national economies, " said karim sabbagh, a partner with booz & company. the research also found several common challenges that all women face, regardless of how well the country performed in " empowering women ". " around the world, women are the primary caregivers for children, the elderly and the sick, and this responsibility hampers their economic development, " said another booz and co partner, deanne aguirre. she said several elements were critical in increasing access to work for women,


caregivers for children, the elderly and the sick, and this responsibility hampers their economic development, " said another booz and co partner, deanne aguirre. she said several elements were critical in increasing access to work for women, including widespread, affordable care for children, the elderly and the sick ; cultural changes aimed at dividing care work more equitably between men and women ; and recognition by the private sector of the importance of care work for all employees. nations the report says have not yet started to tackle the issue of women more easily entering the workforce, or gaining equality more generally, include most of the arab states in the study ' s index, as well as indonesia, laos and nigeria. helen conway, the director of the equal opportunity for women in the workplace agency, said that, on the face of it, the booz report painted a positive picture. " in particular, australian women are among the best educated in the world, " she said, with a recent world economic forum report also finding australian women ranked first in educational attainment. she said australia ' s high level of female university graduates - more than 50 per cent - and some " infrastructure " such as the federal government ’ s paid parental leave scheme all helped. but, ms conway warned, relative to similar countries, the reality in australia was not as optimistic as the booz report indicated. " australia has a relatively low female workforce participation rate ( australia was ranked 14th in the participation rate of women of the 34 oecd nations in 2010 ), and a gender pay gap of 17. 5 % that refuses to budge, " she said. " there is a large body of research showing australia has a long way to go in removing barriers to women ’ s workforce participation, " she said. she said that the high proportion of well - educated women in australia had not translated to substantial increases in the percentage of women in corporate leadership positions. ' ' [ which suggests ] that we are wasting our female talent, " ms conway said. the agency ’ s australian census of women in leadership will be released next month, and is expected to show that, when it comes to women in corporate australia, the nation still lags badly behind. - download documents from the third billion index here.


by tracey, pure matters as a mother, i ’ m never really sure whether i should give my child supplements. with so much conflicting information on necessity and quality, it ’ s hard to determine what ’ s right for my son and what ’ s gratuitous. interestingly enough, new findings were revealed this week that help make my decision easier : over one - third of american children aren ’ t meeting calcium and vitamin d recommendations. in fact, calcium and vitamin d intakes were low for all children, according to the office of dietary supplements who released the surprising data this week in the journal of pediatrics. taylor wallace, phd, and senior director at the council for responsible nutrition, said the data is “ eye - opening because calcium and vitamin d deficiency is not only important in elderly women but a large segment of children are not getting enough. ” the data also revealed that non - supplement user children had a much higher incidence of insufficient intakes of calcium, vitamins a and c, magnesium and phosphorus when compared to supplement user children. so how can we help our children meet their calcium and vitamin d daily recommendations? two ways : we can add foods high in calcium and vitamin d to their diet and we can give them clinically - tested, high - quality supplements that contain the right amount of daily nutrients. foods high in calcium include spinach, kale, soybeans, and foods that are calcium - fortified like orange juice and breakfast cereal. good sources for vitamin d include fatty fish ( like tuna and salmon ), cheese, and egg yolks.


we all know that vaccines save lives by protecting people against disease. what is less well - known is that vaccines also are an engine for economic growth - - far beyond their health benefits. i am reminded of this in tanzania this week, where my organization, the gavi alliance, is hosting a conference for its partners. gavi ' s mission is to save children ' s lives and protect people ' s health by increasing access to immunization in developing countries. we don ' t do this alone. we have many partners, including prominent companies that work closely with gavi. they recognize that in addition to the humanitarian need, countries such as tanzania are emerging markets that can fulfill their economic ambitions only if they also can ensure good health for their citizens. the private sector is a critical part of the equation. our corporate partners know they can do well by doing good. consider tanzania. it has an ambitious five - year development plan that aims to transform the country into a middle - income economy by 2025. the plan includes critical funding to ensure a healthy population by strengthening the health system, which will significantly improve child and maternal mortality rates. tanzania already has begun this process by working closely with gavi and its partners to significantly increase its routine vaccine coverage rates to above 90 % today from 79 % in 2001, the year before gavi began its work there, according to data from the world health organization and unicef. at the same time, tanzania ' s gdp growth has been astounding, rising to $ 23. 7 billion last year from $ 10. 2 billion in 2001, according to the world bank. is there a connection? further study is needed in the case of tanzania. but we know for a fact that vaccines - - in addition to saving lives and improving health - - are the cornerstone of a vibrant economy, fuel growth and serve as a magnet for foreign investment. indeed, research has shown vaccines to be among the most cost - effective investments in global development. this has been borne out of several independent studies that look beyond the health impacts toward areas such as cognitive development, educational attainment, labor productivity and financial attainment. in other words, healthier children - - spurred by immunization - - attend school more often, learn more while they are there and remain in school longer. as adults, they therefore are more productive, earn more money, save and invest more, and live longer. healthier children also spread less disease through the adult population, further increasing productivity. these academic papers, including one recently published that focuses on how


as adults, they therefore are more productive, earn more money, save and invest more, and live longer. healthier children also spread less disease through the adult population, further increasing productivity. these academic papers, including one recently published that focuses on how to measure the economic benefits of the hpv vaccine, are getting noticed in african countries - - not only by health ministers, but also by finance ministers and other officials. for instance, i attended a landmark meeting in tunis in july organized by the african development bank, where its president donald kaberuka brought together a variety of ministers and experts to discuss how to allocate budgets and make healthcare a national priority. i was in tunis because of the wide recognition that immunization can be the high - octane fuel that leads to increased trade, capital infrastructure projects and technological improvement. this brings me back to the private sector and the benefits many companies now see in playing a role in supporting global health, including immunization services. one benefit, of course, is humanitarian. the gavi alliance - - with help from partners such as unicef, who, the bill & melinda gates foundation, the world bank and donors - - has helped countries immunize 370 million people, saving more than 5. 5 million lives since 2000. gavi now is in the midst of helping immunize another quarter billion people, which could save an additional 4 million lives by 2015. the private sector is involved, providing core business skills to tackle key obstacles to immunization in the developing world. for example, gavi is working with a leading telecommunications company to explore the use of its mobile technology with hopes of improving vaccine stock management in implementing countries and alerting parents when children are due for vaccines. gavi is constantly looking for partners to lend their business savvy to help us accomplish our mission. an increasing number of them are responding, compassionate in their outlook while aware of the underlying economic value of vaccines. they understand that this is the highest return on investment they could ever make.


statewide - learn your vulnerability to flooding by determining the elevation of your property. evaluate your insurance coverage ; as construction grows around areas, floodplains change. if you are in a flood area, consider what mitigation measure you can do in advance. in highly flood - prone areas, keep materials on hand like sandbags, plywood, plastic sheeting, plastic garbage bags, lumber, shovels, work boots and gloves. call your local emergency management agency to learn how to construct proper protective measures around your home. be aware of streams, drainage channels and areas known to flood, so you or your evacuation routes are not cut off. avoid driving into water of unknown depth. moving water can quickly sweep your vehicle away. restrict children from playing in flooded areas. test drinking water for potability ; wells should be pumped out and the water tested before drinking. do not use fresh food that has come in contact with floodwaters. wash canned goods that come in contact with floodwaters with soap and hot water. hurricanes are capable of producing copious amounts of rainfall. during landfall, a rainfall amounts of 10 to 15 inches or more is common. if the storm is large and moving slowly, less than 10 mph, the rainfall amounts from a well - organized storm are likely to be even more excessive. this heavy rain usually occurs slightly to the right of the hurricane ' s track. the amount of rain depends on the size, forward speed and whether the hurricane interacts with other weather systems. to get a generic estimate of the rainfall amount ( in inches ) that can be expected, divide 100 by the storm ' s forward motion, for example, 100 / 5 mph = 20 inches of rain. for specific rainfall forecasts please monitor local forecasts from the national weather service. rainfall and flooding fact : tropical storm claudette ( 1979 ) brought 45 inches of rain to an area near alvin, texas, contributing to more than $ 600 million in damage. inland flooding from hurricanes the next time you hear hurricane - - think inland flooding! while storm surge has the highest potential to cause hurricane related deaths, more people died from inland flooding associated with tropical systems from 1970 to 1999. since the 1970 ' s, inland flooding has been responsible for more than half of all deaths associated with tropical cyclones in the united states. flooding from hurricanes can occur hundreds of miles from the coast placing communities, which would not normally be affected by the strongest hurricane winds, in great danger. facts about inland flooding from hurricanes from 1970 to 1999, 78 % of children killed by tropical


| power ( watt ) : | | 300w ( 144x2w led diodes ) | | approved : | | ce & rohs | | replace to : | | equal to 600 - 800w hps / mh / hid, save 80 % power consumption | | input voltage ( v ) : | | ac 85v - 265v | | input current ( a ) : | | 1. 13 / 3. 53 ma | | work frequency ( hz ) : | | 50 / 60 hz | | cooling fans : | | built - in 6 cooling fans, unique heat sink | | feature : | | plug n play, lowest heat emit, energy saving, environment - friendly, built - in hanging hardware. | | package includes : | | 1x 300w led grow light 2w, 1x power cord, 1x hanging kit | full spectrum : red : 660nm + 630nm, blue : 475nm + 430nm, orange : 615nm led = light emitting diode, it ’ s a kind of electrical energy into visible light can solid - state semiconductor devices, which can be converted directly into electricity to light. 1. low power consumption 300w led power consumption is very low, in general, led ’ s operating voltage is 2 - 3. 6v. operating current is 0. 02 - 0. 03a. that means it does not exceed power consumption of 0. 1w. 2. long service life at the right current and voltage, 300w led grow light life reaches up to 50000 hours. and it ’ s high - brightness and low - calorie. 3. environmental protection led 300w is a non - toxic materials created ; unlike fluorescent lamps containing mercury can cause pollution, while led can also be recycled. 4. strong and durable led is completely encapsulated in epoxy resin inside than light bulbs and fluorescent tubes are solid. light body and no loose parts, these features make the led can be said that are not easily damaged. high energy : electro - optical power conversion close to 100 %, while energy - saving effects than traditional light sources over 80 %. long life : service life up to 50000 hours, 10 times longer than conventional light sources. multi - changes : led light source can make use of red, green, and blue color theory, under the control of computer technology to make three kinds of colors with 256 gray scale, and any mix, you can generate 256 * 256 * 256 = 16777


: led light source can make use of red, green, and blue color theory, under the control of computer technology to make three kinds of colors with 256 gray scale, and any mix, you can generate 256 * 256 * 256 = 16777216 colors to form a different light with a combination of changing color to achieve a variety of dynamic effects and variety of images. environmentally friendly : there are no ultraviolet and infrared spectra, no heat and radiation, no pollution and mercury elements, can be safely touched. | this led grow lights 300w can work for these countries below | | country | | compatible voltage | | country | | compatible voltage | | united states | | 110 v | | canada | | 110 v | | united kindom | | 220 v | | france | | 220 v | | italy | | 220 v | | spain | | 220 v | | geman | | 220 v | | portugal | | 220 v | | finland | | 220 v | | denmark | | 220 v | | belgium | | 220 v | | netherlands | | 220 v | | argentina | | 220 v | | australia | | 220 v | | switzerland | | 220 v | | sweden | | 220 v | | new zealand | | 220 v | | russia | | 220 v |


what is a pediatrician and who do they treat? pediatricians diagnose and treat a wide range of illnesses or injuries in children who range from newborns to young adults up to 21. pediatricians - - also called pediatric doctors - - manage the prevention, early detection, and treatment of various conditions, including congenital defects, developmental disorders, behavioral issues, eating disorders ( anorexia and bulimia ), and familial and social stresses ( including child abuse ), as well as depression and anxiety disorders. they also oversee the general health of their patients by administering physical examinations and immunization shots pediatric doctors may also collaborate with other medical specialists and healthcare professionals to provide for the health and emotional needs of children. they may also specialize in fields such as adolescent medicine, pediatric cardiology, pediatric endocrinology ( treating diseases such as diabetes ), pediatric oncology ( treating cancer in children ), neonatal / perinatal medicine, and orthopedics ( treating disorders of the musculoskeletal system ), among other specialties. following graduation from medical school, pediatric doctors complete three years of education in an accredited pediatric residency program. a pediatric doctor is then eligible for board certification by the american board of pediatrics, and recertification is required every seven years. when would i take my child to see a pediatrician, and what conditions does a pediatrician treat? you will need to visit your pediatric doctor right after your baby is born to make sure your new child is healthy and growing properly. during this examination, the doctor will weigh and measure the baby, give appropriate immunization shots, explain the proper care of your baby ( including care of the umbilical cord and, if applicable, circumcision ), make sure the baby is feeding properly ( breastfeeding or bottle - feeding ), and address any concerns you may have. your pediatrician may visit the hospital to examine your baby for the first time a day or two after he or she is born. otherwise, you should schedule your first appointment within the first few days after you take your child home from the hospital. in the first two years of your child ’ s life, you can expect a minimum of eight visits to the pediatrician : a one - month check - up, two - month check - up, four - month check - up, six - month, nine - month, one - year, 15 - month, 18 - month, and two - year check - up. during these visits,


check - up, two - month check - up, four - month check - up, six - month, nine - month, one - year, 15 - month, 18 - month, and two - year check - up. during these visits, your child will be measured and weighed, receive a physical examination and health assessment, and receive all required immunization shots. after age two, your child will visit the pediatrician annually for a physical examination until age 21. during these examinations, your child will also be measured and weighed, examined for overall health, and given any immunization shots to attend school, if required. you should also visit your pediatrician when your child is sick or injured, exhibits symptoms of a sleep disorder or behavioral problem ( bed - wetting, depression, or hyperactivity ), or needs a physical examination and health assessment to participate in sports. common conditions a pediatric doctor will treat include colic and failure to thrive, attention deficit disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( add / adhd ), vomiting and diarrhea, sleep issues, poisoning and other conditions. pediatricians may also answer any questions you have regarding your child ’ s development, including how to handle a bully, the proper way to discipline a child, and the effects of tv and video games on children. kids with stubborn asthma may have food allergy 10 ways you ’ re making your child fat


what are tremor problems? tremor symptoms are involuntary muscle movements that can occur in a specific body area. the most commonly affected and most noticeable areas include the hands, arms, and head, as well as a quavering voice if the tremor affects the voice box ( larynx ). tremor symptoms include hand shaking, head shaking, and trembling and shaking while performing a task, such as gripping a fork or pencil. tremor can also occur while you are at rest. learn more about tremor problems the term “ tremor ” most accurately refers to a small, rhythmic shaking movement that occurs in a back - and - forth pattern. however, tremor is also commonly used to refer to sudden jerking or muscle spasms of the body or extremities, such as the symptoms described for restless leg syndrome. tremors can occur at any age but most commonly occur in middle - aged and older men and women. types of tremors tremors can be classified as rest or action tremors. rest tremors are movements that occur while your body is at rest, such as shaking of the arms or hands while they are supported on your lap. the extent of the tremor increases during mental stress. rest tremor symptoms are characteristic of parkinson ’ s disease. action tremors are movements that occur when the affected body part is performing a voluntary action, such as extending your arms or signing your name. action tremors can be further classified into postural, isometric, and kinetic tremors based on the specific movements or tasks that trigger the tremor. action tremor symptoms are characteristic of a variety of diseases, disorders and conditions including essential tremor, drug withdrawal, stroke, brain tumor, and multiple sclerosis. tremors are also a side effect of a variety of medications. short - term tremors that disappear quickly can be due to an anxiety attack or stress ; whereas, chronic tremors that come and go over a longer period of time can be due to essential tremor. any type of tremor symptoms, even if they are temporary, need to be evaluated by a medical professional. tremor symptoms can be due to serious, ongoing diseases, such as parkinson ’ s disease, multiple sclerosis, and brain tumors. in particular, a tremor on only one side of the body can indicate brain damage from a tumor, stroke, or multiple sclerosis. seek prompt medical care if you, or someone you are with, have symptoms of tremor. what other symptoms might occur with tremor symptoms? tremor symptoms may occur with other symptoms, depending on the underlying disease, disorder or condition.


the usb drive is a handy little gadget that serves the purpose once reserved for floppy disks and zip drives. it ’ s commonly used to move folders, files, and data easily from one computer to another in a format that ’ s often small enough to be given a second job as a key chain. there ’ s no need to burn data into the drive as you would with a cd or dvd ; you can erase from and overwrite onto the usb drive as often as you need to until the darned thing falls apart. add the fact that even usb drives capable of storing relatively large amounts of data are pretty darned cheap nowadays and you ’ ve got an ideal little workhorse for those files that you want to be able to use between the office, home, laptop, band camp, coffee shop, cyberpub, school, or wherever, really. one might wonder if a miraculous device so well suited to carting your data all over creation might have any alternative uses — wonder no more! you can also use a usb drive to boost your computer ’ s performance and run portable applications. what ’ s a portable application? think about the files that you want to take from one computer to another — the reason you ’ re using a usb drive in the first place. now think larger : wouldn ’ t it be nice if you could use entire applications between computers without having to install them onto each system? there you go! simply put, that ’ s what portable applications are. mozilla ’ s firefox web browser, the openoffice suite of free microsoft office replacement applications, google ’ s chrome web browser, and the miranda im client are just a few examples of portable applications that can be used directly from a usb drive. looking a little further, you ’ ll find that everything from games to space simulators to bible study to sound editors to the skype voip service can also be used as portable applications from a usb drive. a few words of caution : because a usb drive is so easy to use, it ’ s especially susceptible to viruses and malware, and because of its portable nature, it can serve as an unwitting carrier of such viruses and malware between computers. make sure you ’ re using reliable sources to download portable apps ( and really, haven ’ t we learned that this is a good idea no matter what it is we ’ re downloading? ) ; one such recommended source is portableapps. com. depending on your operating system, knowing how to use a usb drive to run


historic preservation in lowell lowell has proven that historic preservation and urban economic development can work hand - in - hand for the betterment of a community. urban disinvestment and decline were a familiar sight in america ’ s older cities in the mid - twentieth century. lowell was no exception to this phenomena as the collapse of lowell ' s once - thriving textile industry in the 1920s and 1930s resulted in empty mill buildings and a decaying central business district. during the 1950s and 1960s, federal urban renewal funding became available to lowell. unfortunately, these efforts did not stimulate economic renewal and resulted in the demolition of some of the city ' s most significant millyards and tore apart several ethnic neighborhoods. however, some in the community saw the city ' s history as a means to its revitalization. in the early 1970s, city planning efforts began to focus on preservation as a core element of its revitalization strategy. the establishment of the lowell heritage state park in 1974 added credibility to lowell ' s efforts to establish a national park in the city. the first historic district commission and two local design review districts were created downtown by the city in the1970s. much of the downtown, millyards, and canal system were placed on the national register of historic places. the city invested in pedestrian improvements downtown that reinforced the area ’ s 19th century flavor and provided design assistance for owners of historic properties. finally, lowell national historical park was established in 1978 in a federal law that also established the lowell historic preservation commission, which during its existence assisted with much of the historically sensitive building rehabilitation that took place between 1979 and 1995. for the past quarter century, the lowell national historical park ( lnhp ) and the city of lowell have served as stewards of lowell ’ s historic and cultural resources, systematically assisting in the rehabilitation of its many historic downtown buildings so that they once again contribute to the city ’ s character and economy. the lnhp has played a leadership role in making historic preservation the theme of the community ’ s economic development program. the city ’ s comprehensive economic development program likewise, has been dedicated to fostering community pride in its industrial and working heritage and providing new hope for and commitment to its economic future. in doing so, the lnhp and city in concert with a host of public and private partners have created a vibrant living, learning, and working environment that respectively preserves and tells the story of the industrial revolution in lowell. the city ’ s numerous historic districts contain a critical mass of structures from the nineteenth century when lowell was america ’


and private partners have created a vibrant living, learning, and working environment that respectively preserves and tells the story of the industrial revolution in lowell. the city ’ s numerous historic districts contain a critical mass of structures from the nineteenth century when lowell was america ’ s textile capital. lowell contains a total of 13 districts listed on the national register of historic places and 22 individually - listed national register properties scattered throughout the community in the downtown and neighborhoods. lowell has the fifth highest number of properties in massachusetts included on the state ’ s inventory of historic resources. the lowell canal system, which provided the framework that shaped the entire development of lowell, is listed as a national historic landmark and is also been designated a civil and mechanical engineering landmark. efforts are currently underway to seek world heritage site designation for the canal system. also included in the city are two local architectural and design review districts. lowell ’ s physical resources include the original 5. 6 mile power canal system, major cotton textile millyards, and evolutionary streetscapes of commercial and residential structures. the lnhp and city have been part of an active public / private partnership that has been responsible for the rehabilitation of over 250 structures downtown and the creation of extensive public programs to preserve and interpret the city ’ s cultural resources. several major mill complexes have been successfully renovated into housing and office space. aluminum and stucco facades have been removed from downtown buildings revealing attractive 19th century commercial storefronts. the banks of lowell ’ s canals have been largely reclaimed providing areas of recreational enjoyment and interpretation of the city ’ s rich history. streetscape improvements including brick pavement, granite pavers, and period lighting and benches grace the downtown, enhancing the 19th century urban character of the city. strengthening and expanding historic preservation review and regulations in lowell was a requirement of the federal law creating lowell national historical park in order to ensure community actions would not be inconsistent with the preservation goals of the park. since the establishment of the lowell historic board by the massachusetts legislature in 1983, over 1, 700 permits have been issued within the downtown lowell historic district indicating an extraordinary level of change within the downtown. a second design review district also overseen by the board, the acre neighborhood district, was created in 1999 to assist in the implementation of the acre neighborhood revitalization & development plan. eight additional design review districts under the purview of the board were created in 2005 in the already existing neighborhood national register districts for purposes of demolition and new construction. extensive public programming, interpretive and educational programs, waysides, and public art add to the vibrancy


under the purview of the board were created in 2005 in the already existing neighborhood national register districts for purposes of demolition and new construction. extensive public programming, interpretive and educational programs, waysides, and public art add to the vibrancy of the city and reinforce lowell ’ s history and culture. waysides and public art help to weave together the significant areas, vistas, and structures along the canalway and throughout the downtown historic district. cultural events such as the lowell folk festival, boardinghouse park summer music series, doors open lowell, and winterfest encourages the community to celebrate its rich heritage while participating both as actors and audience in the midst of lowell ’ s most historic buildings and sites. lowell ’ s revitalization is a tribute to the highly successful public / private partnerships that have been a central ingredient in every project undertaken by the city. the lowell heritage state park played a key role in preserving lowell ’ s history by securing the recreational and air rights to the canal system as well as much of the right - of - way needed to develop the canalway. the lowell historic preservation commission, the park ’ s former sister agency, also played a pivotal role in the city ’ s impressive revival. the commission provided over $ 5 million in preservation grants and loans for facade rehabilitation during its 17 year tenure. this investment generated over $ 50 million in private investment in 63 nationally significant historic structures. the commission set the standard for high quality rehabilitation and restoration within the downtown historic district and creatively invested its cultural funding to help bring the district alive. within lowell ’ s neighborhoods an active historic home marker and brochure program has been established by the lowell historic board. other efforts have included survey and identification of historic resources and national register listings as well as technical assistance and outreach to homeowners regarding preservation. the city has been instrumental in the preservation and rehabilitation of historic landscapes including tyler park and rogers fort hill park through partnerships with neighborhood groups and various state grant sources. very little could have been accomplished in lowell without the consistent support of the community ’ s business and governmental leadership. effective leadership through the years was delivered by seven city managers ; numerous city council members ; lowell ’ s bankers ; and officials from the nonprofit banking consortium, the lowell development and financial corporation. of critical importance has been the advocacy and support of the lowell plan, inc., the community ’ s prominent business advocacy organization. together, these entities have been responsible for implementing the urban cultural park vision. for its efforts, lowell was recognized by the national trust for historic preservation with one


several companies are pursuing hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, of the natural gas - rich marcellus shale and oil - laden utica shale deposits that lie far beneath the earth ' s surface in ohio and surrounding states. but environmental groups have grown increasingly concerned about the potential impact of the fracking process on ground water. " some people think it ' s not their problem because they ' re not landowners leasing to a gas or oil company but this is really a community issue, " said jann adams, of marietta, a member of the southeast ohio fracking interest group. " some chemicals you can ' t treat if they get into the water, so the damage would be irreversible, " she said. adams said her main concern is that millions of gallons of fresh water are used in the fracking process at each well site. she said the water is trucked to the site and mixed with sand and " a cocktail of chemicals " that are pumped into the layers of shale. " but the oil and gas companies don ' t have to reveal what these chemicals are because the fracking fluids are not covered by the federal safe water drinking act, " adams added. by the numbers according to statistics from the ohio department of natural resources : 13 horizontal hydraulic drilling permits have been issued for marcellus shale sites. 43 horizontal hydraulic drilling permits have been issued for utica shale sites. information on hydraulic drilling and regulation at ohio dnr website, www. dnr. state. oh. us. for some landowner considerations about hydraulic drilling, visit the website developed by a carroll county citizen ' s group at www. carrollconcernedcitizens. org. more to come in the marietta times saturday : the impact of exploration on the economy ; a profile of a local group concerned about fracking ; new college courses starting in the field ; and where to go for information. in an article entitled " environmental dangers of hydro - fracturing the marcellus shale, " robert myers, director of environmental studies at pennsylvania ' s lock haven university, provides a list of some of those chemicals obtained from the pennsylvania department of environmental protection. the list includes ethylbenzene, ethylene glycol, glutaraldehyde, isopropanol and methanol. myers says many of the chemicals have been linked to cancer or other health issues. according to st. marys, w. va., resident pam howard, who works with adams and the southeast ohio fracking interest group, benzene was found in some


says many of the chemicals have been linked to cancer or other health issues. according to st. marys, w. va., resident pam howard, who works with adams and the southeast ohio fracking interest group, benzene was found in some ground water near a well site in wetzel county, w. va. " drilling is being done in both wetzel and marshall counties, where the hillsides are very steep. they build 5 - to 10 - acre pads, using gravel, tamped - down dirt and some concrete, " she said. " and when they drill, 30 to 70 percent of the water ( with the chemical brine ) comes back out of the well after fracking. " howard said the brine is stored on site in huge ponds that have the potential to leak over the hillsides and into valleys below. " and they use 3 million to 5 million gallons of fresh water each time a fracking job is done, " she said. " that ' s a concern to me and others. " howard said the west virginia department of environmental protection is currently working on emergency legislation to address concerns about brine storage. in the buckeye state the ohio department of natural resources regulates hydraulic fracturing wells. " vertical hydraulic fracturing has gone on for 50 years in ohio, " said heidi hetzel - evans, spokeswoman for the odnr. " vertical drilling is nothing new but about 10 years ago companies began doing horizontal hydraulic drilling, which is performed 5, 000 to 8, 000 feet below the water aquifer, " she said. " hydraulic fracturing has been used on approximately 81, 000 wells in ohio without any negative impact on the ground water. " but that ' s not to say there haven ' t been some violations that could have impacted surface waters, " hetzel - evans added. she said ohio ' s hydraulic fracturing regulations are very different from regulations in neighboring pennsylvania and west virginia. " we ' ve met with officials from those states and have learned a lot, " hetzel - evans said. " there are only two things companies can do with the non - productive fluids ( that come back out of the fracturing process ). they can recycle and reuse it, which seems to be a movement within the industry. " or the brine material can be trucked away from the site and stored in an injection well deep underground, " she said. " odnr has been in charge of these injection wells since the 1980s and there are about 183 of those


. " or the brine material can be trucked away from the site and stored in an injection well deep underground, " she said. " odnr has been in charge of these injection wells since the 1980s and there are about 183 of those wells in the state. " hetzel - evans noted that pennsylvania provides less than 10 injection wells for hydraulic drilling companies. " we do allow fresh water impoundments to be constructed on some sites where the fresh water can be stored, " she said. " but there are no sites that have impoundments for brine and waste fluids in ohio at this time. " the ohio environmental protection agency regulates air quality at hydraulic fracturing drilling sites, according to oepa spokesman mike settles. " we ' re getting more involved in that regulation process, " he said. " right now there ' s a draft general air permit being developed in anticipation of increased activity at larger well sites. " settles said the new permit will help make sure the air around production sites is safe while providing business with the most efficient option to get operations up and running. the draft general permit includes emission limits, operating restrictions, and monitoring, testing and reporting requirements, covering a variety of emissions sources found at most shale gas production sites including internal combustion engines, dehydration systems, truck - loading racks, storage tanks, flares and unpaved roadways.


' toxic ' hip replacement fears many newspapers and tv stations have reported that medical regulators have launched an investigation into a type of hip replacement called a metal - on - metal ( mom ) device ( depuy asr hip replacement implant ). the concern is that as the hip replacements wear down, metal particles can be released from the artificial hip, react with the soft tissue ( such as muscle and ligaments ) surrounding the joint and enter the bloodstream. in 2010, the uk regulator, the medicines and healthcare products regulatory agency ( mhra ) issued a product recall for depuy asr, a brand of mom artificial hip. this meant that surgeons were told not to implant depuy asr hip replacements and return any unused implants to the manufacturer. the mhra has urged surgeons to tell all patients that had received these depuy asr hip replacements about the recall, and to schedule them for annual follow - up visits. if the person who had a depuy asr hip replacement implant experiences pain, the surgeons should consider measuring the level of metals in their blood and should examine the soft tissue to see if reactions have occurred. if necessary, removal and replacement of the implant should be considered. the sunday telegraph has brought this story to the public attention again because of what it says are subsequent developments. the telegraph claims that the risk from the devices is greater than previously thought, with greater failure rates. the telegraph says that the mhra is drawing up a new alert for anyone with any type of metal - on - metal hip replacement. channel 4 news reported that around 30, 000 people in britain have received mom hip replacements. a statement about the hip implants from the mhra, issued on january 30 2012, said : “ the majority of people with metal on metal hip replacements are at low risk of developing any serious problems. we are continuing to closely monitor all evidence. this needs more analysis before any conclusions can be drawn and further advice given. we have already taken prompt action to investigate safety concerns and have provided advice on patient management to relevant healthcare professionals. ”. medical devices, like medicines, are regulated but are coming under more scrutiny, from both the regulators and the media following widespread concerns over the emergence of faults with illegally made pip breast implants. find out the latest nhs information on pip breast implants. what types of hip replacements are there? in the uk, approximately 70, 000 hip replacements are performed each year. in a total hip replacement operation an artificial ball is attached to the top of the leg bone and an


information on pip breast implants. what types of hip replacements are there? in the uk, approximately 70, 000 hip replacements are performed each year. in a total hip replacement operation an artificial ball is attached to the top of the leg bone and an artificial socket to the hip bone. the socket can be made out of plastic or ceramic, while the ball is metal. the ball is attached to a shaft, which is placed in the hollow of the leg bone ( femur ). some people do not need a total hip replacement, but have a hip resurfacing operation. this has the advantage of removing less of the person ’ s own bone. the joint surfaces are replaced with metal inserts that cover the surfaces of the hip but do not extend down the inside or hollow of the leg bone. the metal mixtures used in hip replacements contain the metals chromium and cobalt. what are the risks of problems following a metal - on - metal hip replacement? when hip resurfacing was initially introduced, metal - on - metal ( mom ) replacements were popular, especially with younger, active patients. an article by two orthopaedic surgeons working in britain and published in the british medical journal in 2011 said that they were used in 10 % of hip operations between 2006 and 2009, and 50 % of all hip replacements in people younger than 50 years. however, problems with the metal resurfacing included raised chromium and cobalt in the blood, loosening of the joint, hip fracture and soft tissue reactions around the hip. it reported that problems with metal on metal hip replacements could include reactions to metal debris and associated pain, swelling, loss of movement and limping. in march 2011, delegates at the british hip society annual conference discussed mom hip replacements. units in belfast, southampton, cardiff and stockton - on - tees that had researched the outcomes for people who had these devices fitted over the short - to mid - term, said that a high proportion of mom devices from other manufacturers may also be showing similar results to the withdrawn depuy device. they found that, overall, the mom devices showed a higher than anticipated early failure rate ( most hip replacements last about 20 - 30 years ). they found that 49 % of people who had been fitted with the depuy device needed to have it replaced by six years and between 12 and 15 % who had other metal - on - metal hip replacements needed these to be replaced by five years. they said that the patients whose replacements failed tended to come to the doctors


urticina felina on sand - affected circalittoral rock image keith hiscock - urticina felina and ciocalypta penicillus on sand - covered circalittoral rock ( mcr. urt. cio ). image width ca 60 cm. image copyright information ecological and functional relationships the sub - biotopes of mcr. urt are dominated by sessile, permanently fixed, suspension feeding invertebrates that are, therefore, dependant on water flow to provide : an adequate supply of food and nutrients ; gaseous exchange ; remove metabolic waste products ; prevent accumulation of sediment, and disperse gametes or larvae. the majority of species found in this biotope are adapted to strong wave action, siltation and a degree of sediment scour. little is known of ecological relationships in circalittoral faunal turf habitats ( hartnoll, 1998 ). most species live independently except that they compete for space and for food. the following text indicates major feeding types. suspension feeders on bacteria, phytoplankton and organic particulates and detritus include sponges ( ciocalypta penicillus, polymastia spp. and cliona celata ) and soft corals ( alcyonium digitatum ), erect and encrusting bryozoans ( e. g. pentapora fascialis, flustra foliacea, and bugula spp. ), brittlestars ( e. g. ophiothrix fragilis ), barnacles ( e. g. balanus crenatus ), caprellid amphipods, porcelain crabs ( e. g. pisidia longicornis ), and polychaetes ( e. g. pomatoceros spp. ). however, the water currents they generate are probably localized, so that they are still dependant on water flow to supply adequate food. passive carnivores of zooplankton and other small animals include, hydroids ( e. g. nemertesia antennina ), soft corals ( e. g. alcyonium digitatum ), while larger prey are taken by urticina felina ( hartnoll, 1998 ). sea urchins ( e. g. echinus esculentus are generalist grazers, removing barnacles, ascidians, hydroids and bryozoans and potentially


amphipod jassa falcata also builds its mucous and detritus tubes amongst the other epibiota, adding to and consolidating the covering ( hartnoll, 1975 ). once the colonies recommence expansion in december the epibenthic film is sloughed off. the season of prolonged inactivity coincides with the final months of gonad maturation and the shedding of the epibenthic film immediately precedes the spawning of the gametes ( see reproduction ) ( hartnoll, 1975 ; 1977 ) ( see marlin reviews ; hughes, 1977 ; hayward & ryland, 1998 ; hartnoll, 1975, 1998 ). sebens ( 1985, 1986 ) described successional community states in the epifauna of vertical rock walls. clear space was initially colonized by encrusting corallines, rapidly followed by bryozoans, hydroids, amphipods and tube worm mats, halichondrine sponges, small ascidians ( e. g. dendrodoa carnea and molgula manhattensis ), becoming dominated by the ascidian aplidium spp., or metridium senile or alcyonium digitatum. high levels of sea urchin predation resulted in removal of the majority of the epifauna leaving encrusting coralline dominated rock. reduced predation allowed the dominant epifaunal communities to develop, although periodic mortality ( through predation or disease ) of the dominant species resulted in mixed assemblages or a transition to another assemblage ( sebens, 1985, 1986 ). sea urchin predation may play a significant role in freeing space for colonization in this community. succession will be dependant on species tolerance to silt and sediment scour. long term studies of fixed quadrats in epifaunal communities demonstrated that while seasonal and annual changes occurred, subtidal faunal turf communities were relatively stable, becoming more stable with increasing depth and substratum stability ( i. e. bedrock and large boulders rather than small rocks ) ( osman, 1977 ; hartnoll, 1998 ). many of the faunal turf are long - lived, e. g. 6 - 12 years in flustra foliacea, over 20 years in alcyonium digitatum, 8 - 16 years in echinus esculentus and probably many hydroids ( stebbing,


, e. g. 6 - 12 years in flustra foliacea, over 20 years in alcyonium digitatum, 8 - 16 years in echinus esculentus and probably many hydroids ( stebbing, 1971a ; gili & hughes, 1995 ; hartnoll, 1998 ). habitat structure and complexity - the bedrock is covered by a layer of encrusting corallines overgrown by dominant erect bryozoans and hydroids ( e. g. flustra foliacea, bugula species and nemertesia antennina ) interspersed with cushion - like sponges ( e. g. ciocalypta penicillus, polymastia spp., cliona celata ), dead men ' s fingers alcyonium digitatum and dahlia anemones urticina felina. the coralline - encrusted rock and the bases of sponges are often covered by sediment. - the faunal turf provides interstices and refuges for a variety of small organisms such as nemerteans, polychaetes, and amphipods, while the erect species provide substrata for caprellid amphipods, which use them as ' platforms ' to suspension feed. - the erect bryozoans and hydroids support a variety of epizoics that use them as substratum and in some cases affect their growth rates. for example, flustra foliacea supported 25 species of bryozoan, 5 hydroid species, some sessile polychaetes, barnacles, lamellibranchs and tunicates ( stebbing, 1971b ). the bryozoans bugula flabellata, crisia spp. and scrupocellaria spp. were major epizoics. scrupocellaria spp. settled preferentially on the youngest, distal, portions of the frond, possibly to elevate their branches into faster flowing water ( stebbing, 1971b ). similarly, alcyonidium parasiticum is epizoic on hydroid stems or the bryozoan cellaria spp. and the sponge esperiopsis fucorum may grow on the stem of tubularia species or on the test of ascidians. - mobile species include decapods crustaceans such as shrimp, crabs and lobsters, sea urchins, starfish and fish. - gobies, shan


the stem of tubularia species or on the test of ascidians. - mobile species include decapods crustaceans such as shrimp, crabs and lobsters, sea urchins, starfish and fish. - gobies, shannies and butterfish probably utilize available rock ledges and crevices, while large species such as flounder and cod probably feed over a wide area. - pockets of sediment that accumulate between boulders or in crevices ( where present ) may support benthic infaunal species such as mya truncata and sabella pavonina. - the biotope and sub - biotopes may show spatial variation in community complexity and exhibit a mosaic of different species patches ( hartnoll, 1998 ), due to colonization of areas recently cleared by predation, disease or physical disturbance in the process of re - colonization. the upper edges or boulders or rocky outcrops, most directly in water flow, tend to exhibit the most species rich and abundance faunal turfs, while species richness decreases with proximity to the sediment / rock interface, which favours species such as the sponges polymastia spp. or the anemone urticina felina. areas subject to increased scour or vertical surfaces tend to be dominated by tube worms such as pomatoceros triqueter ( stebbing, 1971b, eggleston, 1972b ; sebens, 1985, 1986 ; connor et al., 1997a ; brazier et al., 1998 ; hartnoll, 1998 ). - periodic disturbance of the community due to physical disturbance by storms, extreme scour, or fluctuations in predation, especially by sea urchins, may encourage species richness by preventing dominance by a few species ( osman, 1977 ; sebens, 1985, 1986 ; hartnoll, 1998 ). circalittoral faunal turf biotopes are primarily secondary producers. food in the form of phytoplankton, zooplankton and organic particulates from the water column together with detritus and abraded macroalgal particulates from shallow water ecosystems are supplied by water currents and converted into faunal biomass. their secondary production supplies higher trophic levels such as mobile predators ( e. g. fish ) and scavengers ( e. g. starfish and crabs ) and the wider ecosystem in the form of detritus ( e. g. dead bodies and faeces ).


levels such as mobile predators ( e. g. fish ) and scavengers ( e. g. starfish and crabs ) and the wider ecosystem in the form of detritus ( e. g. dead bodies and faeces ). in addition, reproductive products ( sperm, eggs, and larvae ) also contribute to the zooplankton ( hartnoll, 1998 ). however, no estimates of faunal turf productivity were found. most of the species within mcr. urt. cio produce short - lived, larvae with relatively poor dispersal capacity, resulting in good local recruitment but poor long range dispersal. although, the biotope occurs within moderately strong to strong water flow that could remove a large proportion of the reproductive output, most reproductive propagules are probably entrained within the reduced flows within the faunal turf or in turbulent eddies produced by flow over the uneven substratum, resulting in turbulent deposition of propagules locally. many species are capable of asexual propagation and rapidly colonize space. for example : - whilst very little is known about reproduction in the sponges that particularly characterise mcr. urt. cio, sponges may proliferate both asexually and sexually. a sponge can regenerate from a broken fragment, produce buds either internally or externally or release clusters of cells known as gemmules which develop into a new sponge. most sponges are hermaphroditic but cross - fertilization normally occurs. there is a mass spawning of gametes through the osculum, which enter a neighbouring individual in the inhalant current. fertilized eggs may be discharged into the sea where they develop into a planula larva. but in the majority of species development is viviparous, whereby the larva develops within the sponge and is then released. larvae have a short planktonic life of a few hours to a few weeks, so that dispersal is probably limited and asexual reproduction probably results in clusters of individuals. - hydroids are often the first organisms to colonize available space in settlement experiments ( gili & hughes, 1995 ). nemertesia antennina releases planulae on mucus threads, that increase potential dispersal to 5 - 50m, depending on currents and turbulence ( hughes, 1977 ). most species of hydroid in temperate waters grow rapidly and reproduce in spring and summer. few species of hydroids have specific substrata requirements and many are generalists. hydroids are also


, depending on currents and turbulence ( hughes, 1977 ). most species of hydroid in temperate waters grow rapidly and reproduce in spring and summer. few species of hydroids have specific substrata requirements and many are generalists. hydroids are also capable of asexual reproduction and many species produce dormant, resting stages, that are very resistant of environmental perturbation ( gili & hughes, 1995 ). hughes ( 1977 ) noted that only a small percentage of the population of nemertesia antennina in torbay developed from dormant, regressed hydrorhizae, the majority of the population developing from planulae as three successive generations. rapid growth, budding and the formation of stolons allows hydroids to colonize space rapidly. fragmentation may also provide another route for short distance dispersal. - the brooded, lecithotrophic coronate larvae of many bryozoans have a short pelagic life time of several hours to about 12 hours ( ryland, 1976 ). in temperate waters most bryozoans species tend to grow rapidly in spring and reproduce maximally in late summer, depending on temperature, day length and the availability of phytoplankton ( ryland, 1970 ). - echinoderms are highly fecund, producing long - lived planktonic larvae with high dispersal potential but recruitment in echinoderms is poorly understood, often sporadic, variable between locations and dependant on environmental conditions such as temperature, water quality and food availability. recruitment was reported to be sporadic in echinus esculentus, e. g. millport populations showed annual recruitment, whereas few recruits were found in plymouth populations between 1980 - 1981 ( nichols, 1984 ). bishop & earll ( 1984 ) suggested that the population of echinus esculentus at st abbs had a high density and recruited regularly whereas the skomer population was sparse, ageing and had probably not successfully recruited larvae in the previous 6 years. in ophiothrix fragilis recruitment success is heavily dependent on environmental conditions including temperature and food availability. in years after mild winters ophiothrix fragilis occurred in extremely high densities in the oosterschelde estuary in holland ( smaal, 1994 ). however, echinoderms such as echinus esculentus, and asterias rubens are mobile and widespread and are likely to recruit by migration from other areas. - anthozoans, such as alcyoni


). however, echinoderms such as echinus esculentus, and asterias rubens are mobile and widespread and are likely to recruit by migration from other areas. - anthozoans, such as alcyonium digitatum and urticina felina are long lived with potentially highly dispersive pelagic larvae and are relatively widespread. they are not restricted to this biotope and would probably be able to recruit rapidly ( refer to the key information reviews ). - mobile epifauna will probably recruit from the surrounding area as the community develops and food, niches and refuges become available, either by migration or from planktonic larvae. for example, hatcher ( 1998 ) noted that the number of mobile epifaunal species steady increased over the year following deployment of settlement panels in poole harbour. time for community to reach maturity no information was found on the development of mcr. urt. cio and the following has been inferred from studies of similar epifaunal communities ( sebens, 1985, 1986 ; hartnoll, 1998 ). the recolonization of epifauna on vertical rock walls was investigated by sebens ( 1985, 1986 ). he reported that rapid colonizers such as encrusting corallines, encrusting bryozoans, amphipods and tubeworms recolonized within 1 - 4 months. ascidians such as dendrodoa carnea, molgula manhattensis and aplidium spp. achieved significant cover in less than a year, and, together with halichondria panicea, reached pre - clearance levels of cover after 2 years. a few individuals of alcyonium digitatum and metridium senile colonized within 4 years ( sebens, 1986 ) and would probably take longer to reach pre - clearance levels. jensen et al. ( 1994 ) reported the colonization of an artificial reef in poole bay, england. they noted that erect bryozoans, including bugula plumosa, began to appear within 6 months, reaching a peak in the following summer, 12 months after the reef was constructed. similarly, ascidians colonized within a few months e. g. aplidium spp. sponges were slow to establish with only a few species present within 6 - 12 months but beginning to increase in number after 2 years, while anemones were very slow to colonize


within a few months e. g. aplidium spp. sponges were slow to establish with only a few species present within 6 - 12 months but beginning to increase in number after 2 years, while anemones were very slow to colonize with only isolated specimens present after 2 years ( jensen et al., 1994. ). in addition, hatcher ( 1998 ) reported a diverse mobile epifauna after a years deployment of her settlement panels. hydroids are often initial colonizing organisms in settlement experiments and fouling communities ( standing, 1976 ; brault & bourget, 1985 ; sebens, 1986 ; jensen et al., 1994 ; hatcher, 1998 ). in settlement experiments the hydroids cordylophora caspia, obelia dichotoma and obelia longissima colonized artificial substrata within ca 1 - 3 months of deployment ( standing, 1976 ; brault & bourget, 1985 : sandrock et al., 1991 ). once colonized the hydroids ability to grow rapidly and reproduce asexually is likely to allow them to occupy space and sexually reproduce quickly. flustra foliacea is the dominant species in this biotope. new colonies of flustra foliacea take at least 1 year to develop erect growth and 1 - 2 years to reach maturity, grow slowly ( stebbing, 1971a ; eggleston, 1972a ), and would probably several years to reach high abundance, depending on environmental conditions. recruitment may be enhanced in areas subject to sediment abrasion, where less tolerant species are removed, making more substratum available for colonization, especially if larval release in spring coincides with the end of winter storms. the wreck of a small coaster ( the m. v. robert ) off lundy became dominated by erect bryozoans, including occasional flustra foliacea, within 4 years of sinking, when it was first surveyed ( hiscock, 1981 ). overall, encrusting bryozoans, hydroids, and ascidians will probably develop a faunal turf within less than 2 years, and flustra foliacea can evidently colonize and reach an abundance of occasional ( 1 - 5 % cover ) within 4 years. slow growing species such as flustra foliacea, pentapora fascialis, and some sponges and anemones, will probably take many years to develop significant cover, so that this biotope may take between


palliative care is a new medical subspecialty that is making its way into hospitals around the country. many physicians are unsure when to refer to palliative care. which of the following patients qualifies for palliative care? what is palliative care and what does it do? - a 93 - year - old man with a history of dementia and medical problems is admitted with obtundation. ct scanning reveals a hemorrhagic stroke. his family refuses neurosurgical intervention and is unable to agree on treatment. - a 72 - year - old man is admitted for the fourth time in three months with exacerbation of congestive heart failure. he has chronic dyspnea, insomnia, pain from diabetic neuropathy and nausea from gastroparesis. his goal is to? fight to the end.? - a 65 - year - old woman has been in the icu for three weeks with cirrhosis, sepsis, and respiratory and renal failure. she has been declining despite aggressive therapy, but remains full code. - a 37 - year - old man with cancer is admitted for nausea and vomiting related to therapy that has the potential to cure the malignancy if he can complete the treatments. palliative care is interdisciplinary care that works to relieve suffering and improve quality of life for patients with advanced illness and their families. simply put, palliative care aims to relieve any kind of suffering, in any patient, in any family, in any clinical situation. suffering can take many forms, from physical symptoms to existential distress, from emotional pain to family conflict. palliative care works first to improve symptom control. studies have shown that palliative care involvement reduces pain and also relieves nonpain symptoms, such as nausea, breathlessness, constipation, delirium and insomnia. a patient whose symptoms are closely monitored and treated is more able to complete curative and life - prolonging therapy or participate in life - closure activities, when comfort is the goal. once symptoms are improved, palliative care can help address other vital needs. goals can be identified and steps initiated to help reach those goals. patient and family questions can be answered. education about therapies or prognosis or the dying process can be provided. difficult decisions regarding code status, further aggressive therapy or feeding tubes can be made. family meetings can be facilitated and communication enhanced when multiple physicians are involved in the patient


| australian 57th battalion | | part of | | 15th brigade | | nickname | | the merri regiment | | colours | | black beside red | | engagements | | world war i | | unit colour patch | the 57th battalion was an infantry battalion of the australian army. it was originally raised as a unit of the first australian imperial force in egypt on 18 february 1916 for service in world war i through the joining of half of the members of the 5th battalion with fresh recruits raised in australia from north - east victoria. together with the 58th, 59th and 60th battalions, the 57th formed part of the 15th brigade, which was assigned to the 5th australian division. the battalion was sent to france, arriving there in june 1916, and experienced its first taste of fighting on the western front in july when it was involved in the battle of fromelles. after that it spent the next two and a half years in the trenches in france and belgium, seeing action in many of the major battles fought by the australians during this time. after the war the battalion was disbanded in 1919, however, it was raised again as part of the militia in 1921. headquartered at preston, it drew its personnel from the 2nd battalion, 57th infantry regiment. in 1927 territorial titles were introduced and the 57th battalion adopted the title of " the merri regiment ". at this time it also adopted the motto of " strike hard ". due to the lack of numbers following the great depression the battalion was amalgamated with the 60th battalion in 1930, to become the 57th / 60th battalion ( merri / heidelberg regiment ). they would remain linked for the next sixteen years, seeing action in world war ii in the south - west pacific in 1943 – 45. they were finally disbanded on 30 march 1946. here you can share your comments or contribute with more information, content, resources or links about this topic.


fitness basics ( 23 ) - tool : target heart rate calculator - fitness training : elements of a well - rounded routine - exercise : 7 benefits of regular physical activity - see all in fitness basics stretching and flexibility ( 3 ) - stretching : focus on flexibility - how fit are you? see how you measure up - hamstring injury aerobic exercise ( 12 ) - walking : trim your waistline, improve your health - rev up your workout with interval training - walking : how to start a walking group - see all in aerobic exercise strength training ( 9 ) - strength training : get stronger, leaner, healthier - functional fitness training : is it right for you? - pilates for beginners : explore the core of pilates - see all in strength training sports nutrition ( 3 ) - performance - enhancing drugs : know the risks - eating and exercise : 5 tips to maximize your workouts - water : how much should you drink every day? exercise : 7 benefits of regular physical activity you know exercise is good for you, but do you know how good? from boosting your mood to improving your sex life, find out how exercise can improve your life. by mayo clinic staff want to feel better, have more energy and perhaps even live longer? look no further than exercise. the health benefits of regular exercise and physical activity are hard to ignore. and the benefits of exercise are yours for the taking, regardless of your age, sex or physical ability. need more convincing to exercise? check out these seven ways exercise can improve your life. no. 1 : exercise controls weight exercise can help prevent excess weight gain or help maintain weight loss. when you engage in physical activity, you burn calories. the more intense the activity, the more calories you burn. you don ' t need to set aside large chunks of time for exercise to reap weight - loss benefits. if you can ' t do an actual workout, get more active throughout the day in simple ways — by taking the stairs instead of the elevator or revving up your household chores. no. 2 : exercise combats health conditions and diseases worried about heart disease? hoping to prevent high blood pressure? no matter what your current weight, being active boosts high - density lipoprotein ( hdl ), or " good, " cholesterol and decreases unhealthy triglycerides. this one - two punch keeps your blood flowing smoothly, which decreases your risk of cardiovascular diseases. in fact, regular physical activity can help you prevent or manage a


" good, " cholesterol and decreases unhealthy triglycerides. this one - two punch keeps your blood flowing smoothly, which decreases your risk of cardiovascular diseases. in fact, regular physical activity can help you prevent or manage a wide range of health problems and concerns, including stroke, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, depression, certain types of cancer, arthritis and falls. no. 3 : exercise improves mood need an emotional lift? or need to blow off some steam after a stressful day? a workout at the gym or a brisk 30 - minute walk can help. physical activity stimulates various brain chemicals that may leave you feeling happier and more relaxed. you may also feel better about your appearance and yourself when you exercise regularly, which can boost your confidence and improve your self - esteem. no. 4 : exercise boosts energy winded by grocery shopping or household chores? regular physical activity can improve your muscle strength and boost your endurance. exercise and physical activity deliver oxygen and nutrients to your tissues and help your cardiovascular system work more efficiently. and when your heart and lungs work more efficiently, you have more energy to go about your daily chores. next page ( 1 of 2 ) - the benefits of physical activity. centers for disease control and prevention. http : / / www. cdc. gov / physicalactivity / everyone / health / index. html. accessed july 5, 2011. - 2008 physical activity guidelines for americans. u. s. department of health and human services. http : / / www. health. gov / paguidelines / guidelines / default. aspx. accessed june 14, 2011. - armstrong s, et al. social connectedness, self - esteem, and depression symptomatology among collegiate athletes versus nonathletes. journal of american college health. 2009 ; 57 : 521. - peterson dm. overview of the benefits and risks of exercise. http : / / www. uptodate. com / home / index. html. accessed june 6, 2011. - hannan jl, et al. beneficial impact of exercise and obesity interventions on erectile function and its risk factors. the journal of sexual medicine. 2009 ; 6 ( suppl 3 ) : 254. - hamilton ld, et al. the roles of testosterone and alpha - amylase in exercise - induced sexual arousal in women. journal of sexual medicine. 2008 ; 5 : 845. - laskowski er ( expert opinion ). mayo clinic, rochester, minn. july 11, 2011.


rocky mountain spotted fever ( rmsf ) is a severe disease that affects your blood vessels. it is potentially fatal. the disease is spread by ticks in north, central, and south america. rmsf is caused by a specific bacteria. this bacteria is carried by the american dog tick and the rocky mountain wood tick. it passes to humans when an infected tick bites the skin. the bacteria can then pass into the bloodstream. the bacteria sits in the lining of small blood vessels and multiplies. the growth of the bacteria causes irritation and swelling in the blood vessels. blood and other fluids can then leak out of the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue. factors that increase your chance of rmsf include : - being outdoors in areas known to have rmsf especially from april to september - exposure to tick - infested areas such as long grass, weeds or low brush - exposure to dogs - not using preventative steps ( listed below ) copyright © nucleus medical media, inc. the first symptoms of rmsf often occur within 2 - 14 days after a tick bite and may include : - muscle pain - lack of appetite - red eyes most but not all people with rmsf develop a rash. the rash begins as small, flat pink spots but can later progress to red - purple pots. the rash most often starts on the wrists, forearms and ankles. if left untreated, rmsf can cause severe problems to organs or skin near the leaky blood vessels. symptoms will depend on what organs are involved. the doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. a physical exam will be done. rmsf can be difficult to diagnose because the symptoms are similar to many other diseases. many people do not realize they have been bitten by a tick which can also make the diagnosis more difficult. a blood test may be done to confirm the diagnosis if your doctor suspects rmsf. treatment may be started before a clear diagnosis is made based on your risk and fever. rmsf is treated with antibiotics. it is important to start this treatment early. make sure to take all of your medication as recommended. do not stop taking the medication once you feel better, unless your doctor says it is safe to do so. the best way to prevent rmsf is to limit your exposure to ticks. if you live in an area that is prone to ticks, take the following precautions : - wear light - colored clothing. this makes ticks are more visible. - tuck pant legs inside socks. this stops ticks from crawling up under your pants


oliver wendell holmes ( 1841 - 1935 ) wendell holmes, jr. was born on march 8, 1841, in boston, massachusetts. he was the eldest of three children born to his parents. his father, for whom he was named, was a medical doctor and writer who was a co - founder of the atlantic monthly. his mother, amelia jackson, was an abolitionist, and massachusetts then was the home of abolitionism. as an adult, holmes was tall and handsome, and wore a military mustache ( as you can see in the picture ). holmes had a difficult relationship with his father, who often used holmes as the recipient of his barbs in his atlantic monthly column, " the autocrat of the breakfast - table. " he was his mother ' s favorite child, and received his self - confidence from her. wendell, as he was called, attended harvard college beginning in 1857. shortly before he graduated, the civil war began. holmes left harvard to join the twentieth massachusetts regiment when the civil war broke out. because the regiment didn ’ t do any fighting before graduation, holmes was able to complete his exams and graduate in uniform. holmes was wounded three times in the civil war, most seriously in october 1861 at ball ’ s bluff ( in the chest ). he was also wounded in the battle at antietam creek in september 1862, when the civil war became a total war ( over 20, 000 soldiers suffered casualties in one day at antietam, and over 3, 600 died ). holmes was wounded a third time at chancellorsville ( may 1863 ) in the heel, and apparently hoped his foot would be amputated, so he could leave the military. his experiences in the civil war greatly affected his view of life and law. before the war, holmes had joined a christian society at harvard, and was a supporter of the abolitionist cause. after the war, he believed in little. after his three - year military commitment ended, holmes returned to boston rather than re - enlist. he entered and graduated harvard law school, and joined the massachusetts bar in 1867. his practice was not terribly successful, although he wrote articles for the american law review and revised chancellor james kent ’ s commentaries on american law. holmes believed a man had to earn his reputation before he turned 40, or he would not make it at all. shortly before his 40th birthday, he was invited to give the lowell lectures. the book published as a result of those lectures was the common law, which brought him the acclaim he had long desired. shortly thereafter, holmes


would not make it at all. shortly before his 40th birthday, he was invited to give the lowell lectures. the book published as a result of those lectures was the common law, which brought him the acclaim he had long desired. shortly thereafter, holmes accepted a teaching position at harvard law school, but in the middle of his first term there, he accepted an appointment to the massachusetts supreme judicial court, where he was was a justice until 1902, when he was nominated to the supreme court by theodore roosevelt. tr nominated holmes because he thought wendell was trustworthy on the issue of taxation of those in the colonies ( gained as a result of the spanish - american war of 1898 ), and because tr well knew holmes ’ s stock speech glorifying war. tr later viewed the appointment of holmes as the major mistake of his presidency because he and holmes disagreed vehemently about the value and interpretation of the sherman antitrust act. of holmes, tr said, " out of a banana i could carve a firmer backbone. " holmes remained on the court for 29 years, retiring at 90 from the supreme court after a visit from chief justice charles evans hughes. he died three years later, on march 4, 1935, four days before his 94th birthday. in addition to his civil war experiences, his marriage and family life affected him as well. holmes lived at home until he married his schoolmaster ’ s daughter, fanny dixwell, in 1872. they remained married until her death in 1929. he and his wife did not have any children, possibly as a result of an illness she suffered from very shortly after they were married. in the late 1890s, holmes was involved in an unconsummated (? ) affair with a married woman, lady ( clare ) castletown, from ireland and england. holmes ’ life tells us how young the united states is : he attended the funeral of ( and may have known ) the 6th president of the us, john quincy adams, and knew the 32nd president of the us, fdr ( of whom he said, " a second - class intellect, but a first - class temperament. " ). holmes ’ jurisprudence is the wellspring for much of current american views about jurisprudence. holmes 1 ) tuned everyone to a social view of law — " the life of the law has not been logic, it has been experience ; " 2 ) was perceived to advocate judicial restraint when ( conservative ) judicial activism was denounced by progressives ; 3 ) advanced the idea of law as prediction, thus leading to the