, including continuing studies on the ecology and requirements of this remarkable species, improving the management of existing protected areas in which it occurs, and stricter regulations to prevent the escape of toxic waste from factories, human settlements and agriculture into the surrounding rivers and wetlands. education campaigns are also required to raise awareness of the plight of this fascinating species ( 8 ). the charismatic giant otter also plays an important role in nature tourism that may provide some financial incentives for protection measures ( 6 ). top find out more learn more about the giant otter and its conservation : giant otter research : iucn otter specialist group : giant otter corner : bbc wildlife finder : authenticated ( 13 / 06 / 11 ) by jessica groenendijk, academic visitor, wildlife conservation research unit, university of oxford. - an organism that feeds on flesh. the term can also be used to refer to a mammal in the order carnivora. - active during the day. - a species or taxonomic group that is only found in one particular country or geographic area. - having only one mate during a breeding season, or throughout the breeding life of a pair. iucn red list of threatened species. version 2010. 4 ( june, 2011 ) - duplaix, n. ( 1980 ) observations on the ecology and behaviour of the giant river otter pteronura brasiliensis in suriname. revue d ' ecologie : la terre et la vie, 34 : 496 - 620. cites ( june, 2011 ) - macdonald, d. w. ( 2009 ) the encyclopedia of mammals. oxford university press, oxford. - carter, s. k. and rosas, f. c. w. ( 1997 ) biology and conservation of the giant otter pteronura brasiliensis. mammal review, 27 ( 1 ) : 1 - 26. - groenendijk, j. and hajek, f. ( 2006 ) giants of the madre de dios. frankfurt zoological society – help for threatened wildlife, lima, peru. - sykes - gatz, s. ( 2005 ) international giant otter studbook husbandry and management information and guidelines. zoo dortmund, germany. - foster - turley, p., macdonald, s. and mason, c. ( 1990 ) otters : an action plan for their survival. iucn, gland, switzerland and cambridge, uk. more » related species play the team wild game myarkive offers the scrapbook feature to signed - up members, allowing you to organize your favourite arkive images and videos and share them with


survival. iucn, gland, switzerland and cambridge, uk. more » related species play the team wild game myarkive offers the scrapbook feature to signed - up members, allowing you to organize your favourite arkive images and videos and share them with friends. terms and conditions of use of materials copyright in this website and materials contained on this website ( material ) belongs to wildscreen or its licensors. visitors to this website ( end users ) are entitled to : - view the contents of, and material on, the website ; - download and retain copies of the material on their personal systems in digital form in low resolution for their own personal use ; - teachers, lecturers and students may incorporate the material in their educational material ( including, but not limited to, their lesson plans, presentations, worksheets and projects ) in hard copy and digital format for use within a registered educational establishment, provided that the integrity of the material is maintained and that copyright ownership and authorship is appropriately acknowledged by the end user. end users shall not copy or otherwise extract, alter or manipulate material other than as permitted in these terms and conditions of use of materials. additional use of flagged material green flagged material certain material on this website ( licence 4 material ) displays a green flag next to the material and is available for not - for - profit conservation or educational use. this material may be used by end users, who are individuals or organisations that are in our opinion not - for - profit, for their not - for - profit conservation or not - for - profit educational purposes. low resolution, watermarked images may be copied from this website by such end users for such purposes. if you require high resolution or non - watermarked versions of the material, please contact wildscreen with details of your proposed use. creative commons material certain material on this website has been licensed to wildscreen under a creative commons licence. these images are clearly marked with the creative commons buttons and may be used by end users only in the way allowed by the specific creative commons licence under which they have been submitted. please see http : / / creativecommons. org for details. any other use please contact the copyright owners directly ( copyright and contact details are shown for each media item ) to negotiate terms and conditions for any use of material other than those expressly permitted above. please note that many of the contributors to arkive are commercial operators and may request a fee for such use. save as permitted above, no person or organisation is permitted to incorporate any copyright material from this website into


saturday 15 june prairie skink ( plestiodon septentrionalis ) prairie skink fact file - find out more - print factsheet prairie skink description the prairie skink ( plestiodon septentrionalis ), sometimes called the black - banded skink ( 3 ), is a highly secretive north american reptile ( 4 ). this species can be identified by its olive - brown or grey colouration ( 4 ), with alternating stripes of light olive to black ( 4 ). these stripes extend from the skink ’ s smooth, shiny body onto its tail ( 2 ). the underparts of the prairie skink, including its belly, chest, chin, throat, and the soles of its feet, are typically cream or pale yellow ( 4 ). the limbs tend to be darker above than below ( 4 ). the tail comprises about half the total length of the prairie skink, and the female is larger than the male ( 4 ). the juvenile prairie skink exhibits a bright blue tail ( 2 ). two subspecies of prairie skink are recognised : the northern prairie skink ( plestiodon septentrionalis septentrionalis ) and the southern prairie skink ( plestiodon septentrionalis obtusirostris ) ( 5 ). the southern subspecies can be distinguished from the northern subspecies by its smaller size and by the absence of, or greatly reduced, mid - dorsal markings ( 2 ). - also known as - northern prairie skink. - eumeces septentrionalis. top naturenorth - biology of the northern prairie skink : - a species or taxonomic group that is only found in one particular country or geographic area. - genetic diversity - the variety of genes within a particular species, population or breed causing differences in morphology, physiology and behaviour. - the state of being pregnant ; the period from conception to birth. - a winter survival strategy in which the animal passes the winter in a resting state. this period of inactivity is characterised by specific biological and biochemical changes including lowered blood pressure and respiration rate. in reptiles, this is also known as brumation. - home range - the area occupied by an animal during routine activities, which is not actively defended. - the act of incubating eggs, that is, keeping them warm so that development is possible. - a population usually restricted to a geographical area that differs from other populations of the same species, but not to the extent of being classified as a separate species


act of incubating eggs, that is, keeping them warm so that development is possible. - a population usually restricted to a geographical area that differs from other populations of the same species, but not to the extent of being classified as a separate species. iucn red list ( august, 2011 ) - conant, r. and collins, j. t. ( 1998 ) a field guide to reptiles and amphibians, eastern / central north america. houghton mifflin, new york. - clarke, r. ( 1955 ) observations on eumeces s. septentrionalis in kansas. herpetologica, 11 : 161 - 164. naturenorth - biology of the northern prairie skink ( august, 2011 ) - somma, l. and cochran, p. a. ( 1989 ) bibliography and subject index of the prairie skink, eumeces septentrionalis ( baird ) ( saura : scincidae ). great basin naturalist, 49 : 525 - 534. cosewic - prairie skink ( august, 2011 ) missouri prairie foundation ( august, 2011 ) natureserve explorer ( august, 2011 ) - view the contents of, and material on, the website ; - download and retain copies of the material on their personal systems in digital form in low resolution for their own personal use ; - teachers, lecturers and students may incorporate the material in their educational material ( including, but not limited to, their lesson plans, presentations, worksheets and projects ) in hard copy and digital format for use within a registered educational establishment, provided that the integrity of the material is maintained and that copyright ownership and authorship is appropriately acknowledged by the end user. prairie skink biology for seven months of the year, the prairie skink take refuge underground, when the air temperature becomes too cold to ensure its survival. it locates or excavates a burrow, where it will hibernate for several months, using stored body fat as its only means of energy. the prairie skink emerges from hibernation in the spring, usually sometime between late april and early may ( 4 ). the male prairie skink emerges first and begins to prepare for the breeding season. the jaws and throat of the male skink take on a bright orange colouration, which is at its most vibrant at the start of the breeding season. the prairie skink continues to breed throughout the spring and early summer. during courtship, the male shows interest in a female by arching his tail and gently nud


orange colouration, which is at its most vibrant at the start of the breeding season. the prairie skink continues to breed throughout the spring and early summer. during courtship, the male shows interest in a female by arching his tail and gently nudging and biting the female ’ s torso. this display may continue for up to 15 minutes, after which copulation then takes place ( 4 ). the pregnant female digs a shallow nest site in an area of loose, moist soil in preparation for her eggs ( 1 ). after a gestation period of about 40 days ( 4 ), the female prairie skink lays a clutch of 4 to 18 eggs, with larger females laying bigger clutches ( 5 ). during incubation, the female is able to sense subtle alterations in humidity levels, and will move the eggs around the nest site, rolling them with her nose, or using her mouth or tail. after an incubation period of about 30 days, the hatchlings begin to emerge. at this time, the female will leave the nest and the young are on their own ( 4 ). the young continue to grow at a rate of about one millimetre per day ( 4 ) and reach sexual maturity in two years ( 5 ). outside of the breeding season, the prairie skink spends most of its time under cover, becoming more active from mid - morning to mid - afternoon when temperatures increase ( 4 ). this species feeds on a variety of prey, including spiders, snails, insects and small lizards ( 5 ). cannibalism has also been noted, with adults eating juveniles ( 4 ). when threatened by a predator, the prairie skink has an unusual escape mechanism. it will present its tail and shake it vigorously, allowing the predator to grab hold of the tail. when it does, the tail drops off, enabling the skink to scurry for cover. after dropping the tail, the wound quickly heals and a new tail begins to grow ( 4 ). top prairie skink range the northern subspecies of the prairie skink occurs from western wisconsin and minnesota to kansas, with an isolated population in southern manitoba. the southern prairie skink ranges from east - central texas to south - central kansas, with another isolated population in the far south of texas ( 2 ). top prairie skink habitat the primary habitat of the prairie skink, as its name suggest, is the prairies of north america ( 3 ). however, it can also be found in a variety of other habitats, with soil type


2 ). top prairie skink habitat the primary habitat of the prairie skink, as its name suggest, is the prairies of north america ( 3 ). however, it can also be found in a variety of other habitats, with soil type being the main factor in its distribution ( 4 ). the prairie skink typically occupies areas of soft loamy sands ( a mix of sand, silt and clay ) ( 4 ), loose soil, and gravel ( 2 ), commonly taking up dwelling in sand hills and dunes ( 4 ). this species can tolerate moist or dry conditions ( 3 ). the prairie skink is highly opportunistic, and will take cover under a variety of natural and manmade structures, from large stones to wooden boards ( 3 ). the prairie skink will often find or create a shallow burrow for itself ( 2 ). top prairie skink status the prairie skink is classified as least concern ( lc ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ). top prairie skink threats the primary threat to the prairie skink is human interference to its habitat ( 4 ). the prairie skink ’ s native prairies are being fragmented and lost due to cultivation ( 6 ) and the development of housing areas, roadways, and factories, as well as fire suppression and the overabundance of grazing cattle. as a result of these threats, the flora of prairies is changing, with an increase in forested areas and exotic species, both of which can change the soil makeup. as this reptile cannot fulfill its normal life cycles without sandy soils, it is unable to survive in these encroaching forests ( 4 ). top prairie skink conservation conservation of the prairie skink centres on the preservation of its habitat ( 1 ). many organizations have been established with the aim of protecting the biological and genetic diversity of the flora and fauna of north american prairies ( 7 ). this species is also found in many protected areas within its range ( 1 ). the prairie skink receives various conservation designations throughout the u. s. and canada, ranging from ‘ secure ’ to ‘ critically imperiled ’, affording different levels of protection ( 8 ). top find out more find out more about the prairie skink : this information is awaiting authentication by a species expert, and will be updated as soon as possible. if you are able to help please contact : more » related species play the team wild game myarkive offers the scrapbook feature to signed - up members, allowing you to organize


by a species expert, and will be updated as soon as possible. if you are able to help please contact : more » related species play the team wild game myarkive offers the scrapbook feature to signed - up members, allowing you to organize your favourite arkive images and videos and share them with friends. terms and conditions of use of materials copyright in this website and materials contained on this website ( material ) belongs to wildscreen or its licensors. visitors to this website ( end users ) are entitled to : end users shall not copy or otherwise extract, alter or manipulate material other than as permitted in these terms and conditions of use of materials. additional use of flagged material green flagged material certain material on this website ( licence 4 material ) displays a green flag next to the material and is available for not - for - profit conservation or educational use. this material may be used by end users, who are individuals or organisations that are in our opinion not - for - profit, for their not - for - profit conservation or not - for - profit educational purposes. low resolution, watermarked images may be copied from this website by such end users for such purposes. if you require high resolution or non - watermarked versions of the material, please contact wildscreen with details of your proposed use. creative commons material certain material on this website has been licensed to wildscreen under a creative commons licence. these images are clearly marked with the creative commons buttons and may be used by end users only in the way allowed by the specific creative commons licence under which they have been submitted. please see http : / / creativecommons. org for details. any other use please contact the copyright owners directly ( copyright and contact details are shown for each media item ) to negotiate terms and conditions for any use of material other than those expressly permitted above. please note that many of the contributors to arkive are commercial operators and may request a fee for such use. save as permitted above, no person or organisation is permitted to incorporate any copyright material from this website into any other work or publication in any format ( this includes but is not limited to : websites, apps, cds, dvds, intranets, extranets, signage, digital communications or on printed materials for external or other distribution ). use of the material for promotional, administrative or for - profit purposes is not permitted.


madeira is an archipelago located in the atlantic ocean. it is an autonomous region of the portuguese territory, formed by the island of madeira, porto santo and two groups of smaller islands called the desertas and the selvagens islands. only madeira island and porto santo are inhabited islands. the island of madeira is the bigger with 741 km², 57 km in length and 22 km wide. the highest place in the island is called pico ruivo at 1862m ( 6107 feet ). the desertas islands are classified as world reservations for the veg species and for being the only place in the world where a species of seawell can be found. at the north of the island of madeira it is situated the indigenous laurisilva forest which covered the whole island when it was discovered by portuguese sailors in 1418. the settlers set fire to a vast area of the island in order to convert it into farming land ( this are the origins of the islands name, madeira means wood in portuguese ). the laurisilva forest existing in the north of the island is a nature reserve kept in its original sate and is designated as a world heritage site by unesco. madeira wine at the madeira wine festival the island is famous for its madeira wine, embroidery artisans, flowers, striking scenery, its spectacular fireworks show commomerating the new years eve, and mild pleasant climate through all year. the climate of the island is classified as subtropical. its mountains, landscapes and geographical positions allows a temperature usually no more that 24 c in the summer and usually no less the 16 c ( 61 f ) in the winter. sea water temperature are 16 c in the winter and 22 in the summer due to the influence of the gulf stream. economy and politics madeira is an autonomous region belonging to the portuguese territory. it is a stable region regarding economy and politics. its president is cherished by the majority of his people and he has been the president of the island for the last 30 years, always reelected by the people votes.


from the art and popular culture encyclopedia pompeii is a ruined roman city near modern naples in the italian region of campania, in the territory of the comune of pompei. it, along with herculaneum were destroyed, and completely buried, during a catastrophic eruption of the volcano mount vesuvius on 24 august 79 ad. the volcano buried pompeii under many meters of ash, and it was lost for 1, 600 years before its accidental rediscovery in 1748. since then, its excavation has provided an extraordinarily detailed insight into the life of a city at the height of the roman empire. today, it is one of the most popular tourist attractions of italy and a unesco world heritage site. after thick layers of ash covered the two towns, they were abandoned and eventually their names and locations were forgotten. then herculaneum was rediscovered in 1738 by workmen working on the foundation of a summer palace for the king of naples, charles of bourbon. pompeii was rediscovered as the result of intentional excavations in 1748 by the spanish military engineer rocque joaquin de alcubierre. these towns have since been excavated to reveal many intact buildings and wall paintings. the towns were actually found in 1599 by the architect domenico fontana, who was digging a new course for the river sarno, but it took more than 150 years before a serious campaign was started to unearth them. charles of bourbon took great interest in the findings even after becoming king of spain because the display of antiquities reinforced the political and cultural power of naples. karl weber directed the first real excavations ; he was followed in 1764 by military engineer franscisco la vega. franscisco la vega was succeeded by his brother, pietro, in 1804. during the french occupation pietro worked with christophe saliceti. giuseppe fiorelli took charge of the excavations in 1860. during early excavations of the site, occasional voids in the ash layer had been found that contained human remains. it was fiorelli who realized these were spaces left by the decomposed bodies and so devised the technique of injecting plaster into them to perfectly recreate the forms of vesuvius ' s victims. what resulted were highly accurate and eerie forms of the doomed pompeiani who failed to escape, in their last moment of life, with the expression of terror often quite clearly visible. this technique is still in use today, with a clear resin now used instead of plaster because it is more durable, and does not destroy the


who failed to escape, in their last moment of life, with the expression of terror often quite clearly visible. this technique is still in use today, with a clear resin now used instead of plaster because it is more durable, and does not destroy the bones, allowing further analysis. some have theorized that fontana found some of the famous erotic frescoes and, due to the strict modesty prevalent during his time, reburied them in an attempt at archaeological censorship. this view is bolstered by reports of later excavators who felt that sites they were working on had already been visited and reburied. even many recovered household items had a sexual theme. the ubiquity of such imagery and items indicates that the sexual mores of the ancient roman culture of the time were much more liberal than most present - day cultures, although much of what might seem to us to be erotic imagery ( eg. over - sized phalluses ) was in fact fertility - imagery. this clash of cultures led to an unknown number of discoveries being hidden away again. a wall fresco which depicted priapus, the ancient god of sex and fertility, with his extremely enlarged penis, was covered with plaster, even the older reproduction below was locked away " out of prudishness " and only opened on request and only rediscovered in 1998 due to rainfall. in 1819, when king francis i of naples visited the pompeii exhibition at the national museum with his wife and daughter, he was so embarrassed by the erotic artwork that he decided to have it locked away in a secret cabinet, accessible only to " people of mature age and respected morals ". re - opened, closed, re - opened again and then closed again for nearly 100 years, it was briefly made accessible again at the end of the 1960s ( the time of the sexual revolution ) and was finally re - opened for viewing in 2000. minors are still only allowed entry to the once secret cabinet in the presence of a guardian or with written permission. - cities buried by volcanic eruptions - pompeii : the last day - aqua augusta ( naples ) - roman aqueducts - erotic art in pompeii and herculaneum - the fires of pompeii - house of the faun - house of the vettii - villa of the mysteries - mount pelee ( similar destructive eruption at martinique in 1902 ) - armero tragedy ; a city in colombia that suffered the same fate - house of julia felix - robert rive, 1850s photographer of pompei


" we need reforms in almost every field, especially in women ' s sectors... " on 4th july 2012, women ' s rights and peace advocate, farida afridi, was brutally murdered by militants, following threats related to her work. in this rare footage from may 2012, farida spoke out about women ' s rights and gender equality in fata ( federally administered tribal areas ), in pakistan, near the border of afghanistan. the video was produced by the support to governance in pakistan programme, in cooperation with the fata development programme. farida afridi was co - founder of women ' s grassroots advocacy organisation, sawera ( society for appraisal and women empowerment in rural areas ). " we need reforms in almost every field, especially in women ' s sectors. the educational level of tribal women is much lower than that of men. our society doesn ' t give much importance to women ' s health. so we need reforms in health and education. we need to increase the number of schools for girls. at a certain age, girls are not allowed to go outdoors! so we need to have schools for every community. women need to have a separate space in health units for check - ups. " | < prev | | next > | sawera is a local women - led ngo in pakistan, working in khyber agency ( a tribal area ) in particular, and in federally administrative tribal areas ( fata ). sawera is also active in flood emergency relief in district charsada. " no nation can rise to the height of glory unless your women are side by side with you ; we are victims of evil customs. it is a crime against humanity that our women are shut up within the four walls of the houses as prisoners. there is no sanction anywhere for the deplorable condition in which our women have to live. " mohammad ali jinnah, 1944 - ' founding father ' of pakistan.


in many parts of the world, faculty appointments, promotions and grant evaluations are based on the number of papers a scientist has published combined with the impact factor of the journals in which the work appeared. a journal ’ s impact factor is the average number of citations per paper published in that journal during the two preceding years. journals that publish few papers, of relatively high impact, have high impact factors. but not every paper in a high - impact journal is itself of high impact, and the publication of article retractions actually enhances a journal ’ s impact factor. there are other easy ways for a journal to manipulate its impact factor ( 1, 2 ). for example, well - written, timely review articles are widely cited, and journals such as the annual review of biochemistry and nature reviews molecular and cellular biology have some of the highest impact factors. ( now i better understand why an editor once encouraged me to cite previous reviews in the same review series when drafting my own review article. ) in addition, nature “ news and views ” pieces are wonderful for readers, but they also are wonderful for editors, because they can count toward citations ( when cited ) but don ’ t count toward the total - number - of - papers - published denominator. “ news and views ” pieces always include citations of other articles within a given issue, further increasing the impact factor. finally, a blockbuster paper can skew a journal ’ s impact factor significantly : in 2008, a single paper in acta crystallographica was cited more than 6, 600 times, raising the journal ’ s impact factor from approximately two to a value of 49. 926 – higher than that of nature or science. some search committees use the h index to compare the scientific impact of a candidate ’ s research ( 3, 4 ). according to wikipedia, “ the h index is based on the set of the scientist ’ s most cited papers and the number of citations that they have received in other people ’ s publications … a scholar with an index of h has published h papers each of which has been cited by others at least h times. ” another impact metric! wouldn ’ t it be great if a simple algorithm could simplify comparison of scientific impact and stature? if only it were that simple. like the sizes of our noses and ears, h values reflect longevity as much as quality and can never decrease with age, even if an individual leaves science ( 3 ). younger scientists are at an instant disadvantage because the total number of papers influences the value. h indices for female


noses and ears, h values reflect longevity as much as quality and can never decrease with age, even if an individual leaves science ( 3 ). younger scientists are at an instant disadvantage because the total number of papers influences the value. h indices for female scientists also suffer in comparison with those for males because they apparently publish fewer papers during their careers than their male counterparts ( 4 ). in addition, the h index of a mechanistic enzymologist could be very different from that of a molecular cell biologist because of differences in what types of papers are published in a given subfield and how often a group of researchers cites each other ’ s papers. if i happened to work in a smaller field, my findings might lead to the rewriting of textbooks without needing many citations. and now in the age of online libraries, fewer authors seem to be citing original articles and often rely on review article citations instead. in 2007, the european association of science editors issued a statement recommending that journal impact factors be used " only – and cautiously – for measuring and comparing the influence of entire journals, but not for the assessment of single papers, and certainly not for the assessment of researchers or research programs either directly or as a surrogate. " this is an important document and has led to changes in europe and elsewhere. earlier this year, the german funding agency deutsche forschungsgemeinschaft limited applicants to citing only particularly significant publications to reduce the importance placed on publication lists and numerical indices. the u. s. national institutes of health guidelines also have changed : nih now encourages applicants to limit the list of selected peer - reviewed publications to no more than 15 based on importance to the field and / or relevance to the proposed research. let us hope that similar policies that emphasize quality rather than quantity soon will be adopted worldwide.


devils day out. ( the lucifer origin ) blessed be the day that lucifer was born, mourning shall follow the day that he will be gone. for our tears will be the tears of joy, because evil had departed from us. we will be glad to tell the story on that day, of how it began and how it ended. we would start by saying millions of years ago ; then the story shall begin. a story that started from the time of our creator ; jehovah. according to christian tradition, lucifer was the leader of the angels expelled from heaven for rebelling against god. known thereafter as satan ( hebrew : adversary ) or the devil, he presides over the souls condemned to torment in hell. he is also identified with the serpent that tempted eve ( genesis 3, 1 - 6 ) and the great dragon cast out of the heavens by angel michael ( revelation 12, 3 - 9 ). the exact nature of lucifer ' s sin was much debatable ; the commonest view is that his sin was pride. but the origin of lucifer isn ’ t known. after a lot of meditation and research, i could tell a story of him. it was on a mourning, when a child was found by a kid goddess lying in the bosom of their ship, sailing on the sea of acatoris ( a sea in the boundary of an independent state in simon called vilari ). the parent of the young goddess was called to see what she had just seen ; it was a handsome child with a pale blue eyes, a white short hair and a ring in one of the fingers of his left hand, which had a sign of love and royalty, the marks in his backs are marks of great ancestors, indicating a finder of peace and a god of honor. in his ring and on his right hand his name was crested, called “ preida ”. but his new parents called him raein. raein grew to be very different, with a lot of strength and wisdom. at age four he could already do lots of wonders. the fear of the parents about the kid turning to something else led to the parent giving the child out to another. raein was adopted again by a couple who needed a child. they were called the usine ’ s. raein started a new life in eune ( an old state of acricananeus ), with his new family. when raein grew enough he changed his name back to preida, saying it ’ s the name he was born with. preida


started a new life in eune ( an old state of acricananeus ), with his new family. when raein grew enough he changed his name back to preida, saying it ’ s the name he was born with. preida started a life as a philosopher and teacher of the gospel of god, saying he had come to prepare the way for the coming of god. preida was known for his wisdom, and later became king. every night he takes a stroll to the cast alone, and no one knowing why. when the season reached for god to come, preida prepared the heavens and the earth. on that day, a great rain and earthquake struck the earth, and the heavens were also divided into pieces by its quakes. only few survived this effect. he came as a pale of fire that fell from no where, he looked as young as a four year old kid, with grey sparkling eyes. when he came, he was unseen, but his presence carried an aura. the few gods in the heavens situated themselves in a place called omini ( an old state of simon ), the earth was destroyed and rebuilt by him. the heavens were divided into phases, dividing the wicked from the good. things changed, things evolved, things were prosperous. after god ’ s few minute, left for the cast and stayed therein. preida then ruled over the kingdoms, every one worshipped and served god, who showed his awesome manifestation within few minutes. he made the people of the angelii to work with preida and to serve him. preida called this people the angels. angels were strong, famous and were in categories ; they controlled what went on in the heavens and recorded all that went on, on the earth. later on preida ruled over the earth, and made things beautiful in it. everything in the heavens went on fine, so many cultures and traditions were made, so many adaptations, so many languages, so many people were born. and it came to a time that the people usually bore twins, the twins were to stay together their entire life and reproduce. they were called the gemini ’ s. they were usually identical male and female. but at this time came a twin which were born, both were males. they lived on together, obeying the culture and tradition of the land, they decided getting married, but the colony never accepted such a marriage between two identical sex. after a wide case held, the colony decided to do the marriage, but they will follow the normal procedure, by the rules


culture and tradition of the land, they decided getting married, but the colony never accepted such a marriage between two identical sex. after a wide case held, the colony decided to do the marriage, but they will follow the normal procedure, by the rules of the signs that gives the colony proofs of a true love being experienced by the couple. during the week of the pronounced marriage, the sign came forth, as one of the male bore an egg in his belly, and an opening appeared underneath his genital, becoming the first hermaphrodite. the marriage was done, and this twins, born of yammousokakiri gaene, became known as zonara and fraten gaene. they bore a child and called him montashi gay ( the name used now on earth for two identical lovers ). after the birth of the child, the colony wasn ’ t amazed for allowing two identical sex to have an affair. this case was discussed by the elders, and a conclusion and rule was made that if an identical sex twins is born, one or the both will be killed. after all, preida paid a visit to god, in the cast after they have returned ; telling them about all that is going on in the universe, as they listened. when preida was through with his summary, god told him to pay a visit to an old goddess that resides on earth, her name plotin. plotin was a sorcerer, bound from the heavens by a king called deimos. plotin gave the prophecy that a twin will be born, from an unknown god, through the generation of deimos, they shall be greater than their people, they shall take over the land of deimos, by overthrowing the one of the grand son of deimos himself. this child shall rule forever ; deimos was grieved by the prophesy, and requested her death immediately, but she ran to the earth. plotin have then lived a normal life on earth, until preida came to listen to the prophecy she said years ago. the prophecy was said again as preida listened ; she added that it was time for the children to be born, and when they come, none should be killed. it happened that on that same night, a maid of preida got in an affair with him, and she bore a child. this gave rise to a different method of birth ; a birth without a courtship. immediately she felt strange enough she knew she carried his child, she then ran to a church in a small


got in an affair with him, and she bore a child. this gave rise to a different method of birth ; a birth without a courtship. immediately she felt strange enough she knew she carried his child, she then ran to a church in a small village of omini called navael. she stayed and gave birth to a twin, and after the birth she died. preida was so intelligent to know that something strange had happened, he consulted god for confirmation about his children. they laid in the church she laid, crying for any helper listening. preida could hear their cry, so could other great gods of the universe. preida ran therein, looked at both of them, he was amazed, but surprised, cause they were craniopagus ( conjoined twins ). he bathed them and gave one of his maiden to carry them to the cast and drop them on the river to flow. he wrote their names on their back, as his name was written on his back, calling them lucifer. he called both lucifer in case one is being killed, he wants the living one to bear that name. fortunately for him they both survived. the church was then filled with armies, which came to assassinate one or both children. they were no where to be found. the colony later came against preida, for hiding the children from them. preida was dethroned and arrested. this resulted to a war in the heavens, whereby preida escaped. a search was immediately made, he was later found, and sentenced to death. but he arose and fought against his foes, which included zeus. this war led to the destruction of the heavens, as almost three quarter of the heavens were destroyed. zeus and every other great god were killed, while preida was also in a state of death. after the war, preida was weak, he called a young god, and told him to ride to the cast. they he would meet nobody, but he would drop an unknown message, by his presence alone, whosoever he wants to see him shall see him. this young god did exactly, and god saw him and arose with the little lucifer ’ s to see their father in the heavens. it was so late, preida was in his last breath, and wasn ’ t wishing to live any longer even though god was willing to restore him. he said his last wishes which were “ my children, let them be yours, give them all i have ever wished for and worked for ; i hereby transfer my


wasn ’ t wishing to live any longer even though god was willing to restore him. he said his last wishes which were “ my children, let them be yours, give them all i have ever wished for and worked for ; i hereby transfer my powers to them, that they will see no death and be very strong, they shall be feared and worshipped, because it is me that stays in them, and it is you that trained them, may they have favour in your site, good bye to you my brother ”. after his death, god destroyed the heavens and rose the star dust ( known as their body ) of gods be constellations. he reincarnated few, for preida, he knew exactly what to do with him. a new heaven was made, one that was ruled by god himself, and things became beautiful and were made by him. lucifer ' s grew so fast, after a while, they were divided ; this left a scar in the head of the major. lucifer major grew to be violent, proud, unforgiving and strong, he took over the armies of the heavens, led them well, taught them well. while lucifer the minor, was peaceful, proud and wise ; he usually found favour and grace in the sight of the lord, when ever he went wrong his friend pleaded for him. this friend was the young god that ran the errand of preida, is name was hades. lucifer minor was the head of the opera ’ s in the heaven, he was born with music, and usually go to the chambers of god to play music for him. a time came that lucifer minor got his arm injured, and was unable to play the praises of god. god walked up to him and asked him to tell him one thing that he wants, and lucifer said he wishes he could play the music even without his hands. god willingly gave him all, all about music, that he was remade with music, and his movement alone produced music. and a time came that hades, the best friend of lucifer the minor, born of cronus, brother of zeus. according to the greek mythology, hades or pluto is the greek god of dead, also the name of the underworld he ruled. he was the brother of zeus and poseidon, and husband of persephone, whom he abducted. the souls of the dead were ferried to him across the river styx by charon, who was a ferry man that carried the soul of the dead over the river styx and acheron to the underworld. only the correctly


that lucifer ( major ), went to god and asked for every thing his father ruled over including the earth, god gave him half of the heavens to share with his brother, but told him he was too young to take over the every thing, including the earth, being that it is so different from the heavens. lucifer ( major ) was angry, and planned a coup to overthrow god, that he may rule the universe, for god hasn ’ t given him all that pleases him. this group was the combination of thanthos, lucifer ( major ), hades and lots of angels. when lucifer the minor heard of this, he wasn ’ t pleased with his brother for hiding such a thing from him, he was also scared that this may lead to their death, knowing that god was too wise for them to think of handling. angel michael became persuasive and too inquisitive of the happening, while lucifer decided to kill him, knowing he knew of the coup. michael was an arch angel, but was one of the least, and couldn ’ t face lucifer. he was hunted for, and almost killed, but in this war the lord granted him strength not to fight back, but to withhold the pain he beard. and michael was giving strength to fight back, and used the opportunity to fight against lucifer, with the help of other angelii ’ s, lucifer was brutally injured on his head. this lead to his rest, lucifer ( major ) was assumed dead, but because of the wish of his father he can ’ t die, so he rested to come therein later. when lucifer heard of the death of his brother he grew in pain, he took the whole powers of his brother, promising to render them back on his return. lucifer the minor took over the armies, the angels and still lead the opera ’ s. his detest towards god grew for letting whatsoever happened, happen to his brother. he decided taking over the coup, and now gather thousands of his angels to ride and fight with him. lucifer lost the fight, and was forgiven by god, he could still lead the armies and retain all his position, because he found grace in the sight of the lord. and peace reigned again for a while. at this time, god decided to control things himself, as the angels also pledged for him to take over ; but at such times god ; themselves weren ’ t able to be seen. and god made an arrangement that on of them should take over the universe and represent them, only him would be


himself, as the angels also pledged for him to take over ; but at such times god ; themselves weren ’ t able to be seen. and god made an arrangement that on of them should take over the universe and represent them, only him would be seen. on that night a great portent appeared in heaven, a woman clothed with the sun, with the moon under her feet, and on her head a crown of twelve stars ; she was with child, crying out in her pangs of birth, in anguish for delivery. – revelation 12 : 1 - 2 - the prophecy of the birth of this child went on for fourteen score and two days, when lucifer heard this prophecy, he believed not, because he had everything in his position ; all worked out by him. on that day “ another portent appeared in heaven ; behold a great red dragon, with seven heads and ten horns, and seven diadems upon his head. his tail swept down a third of the stars of heaven, and cast them to the earth. and the dragon stood before the woman who was about to bear a child, that he might devour her child, when she brought it fourth ( talking in past tense, not future tense. this is the only portion of the book of revelation, that talks about the past, others talks about the future. ) ; she bought forth a male child, one who is to rule all the nations with a rod of iron, but her child was caught up to god and to his throne ”. – revelation 12 : 3 - 5 ) - therefore, the devil was sent out of the heavens because of he tried to overthrown god. god knew is plan right from he was born. the story continues, as the woman fled into the wilderness, where she has a place prepared by god, in which to be nourished for one thousand two hundred and sixty days. now war arose in heaven, michael and his angels fighting against the dragon, and the dragon and his angels fought ; but they were defeated, but they were no longer a place for them in heaven. and the great dragon was thrown down, that ancient serpent, who is called the devil and satan, the deceiver of the whole world was thrown down to earth, and his angels were thrown down with him. - revelation 12 : 6 - 9 - so lucifer was thereafter thrown down to the earth, not because he tried to overthrow god, but because he tried to devour the ruler of the universe, the lord and savior himself. and the child was


. - revelation 12 : 6 - 9 - so lucifer was thereafter thrown down to the earth, not because he tried to overthrow god, but because he tried to devour the ruler of the universe, the lord and savior himself. and the child was called melchizedek ; known as the king of salem ( jerusalem ). melchizedek became the priest of the heaven, he ruled the heavens, and they was peace in the world again. in the bible, melchizedek was addressed as the priest of the most high god, possessor of the heavens and the earth. - genesis 14 : 18 - 20 -. in the bible, christ was also emphasized to be melchizedek. “ so also christ glorified not himself to be made an high priest, but he that said unto him, thou art my son, today i have begotten thee ” - hebrew 5 : 5 -. the person melchizedek was also talked about in hebrew 5 : 10, hebrew 6 : 20, hebrew 7. and another time came, as god looked at the earth and wondered, he created the earth again, and so every thing he made was beautiful. and he thought and said “ let us make man in our image, after our likeness ; and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth ”. - genesis 1 : 26 -. and god created man in his image, in the image of god created he him ( indicates that the first created was a male ), male and female created he them. - genesis 1 : 27 -. it happened that when the dragon saw he was thrown to the earth, he pursued the woman who had borne the male child. but the woman was given two wings of the great eagle that she might fly from the serpent into the wilderness, to the place where she would be nourished for a time, and times, and half a time. the serpent poured water like a river out of his mouth after the woman, to sweep her away with the flood. but the earth came to the help of the woman ; and the earth opened its mouth and swallowed the river. then the dragon was angry with the woman, and went of to make war on the rest of her offspring, on those who keep the commandments of god, and bear testimony of jesus. - revelation 12 : 13 - 17 -. thereafter lucifer the minor became the major


angry with the woman, and went of to make war on the rest of her offspring, on those who keep the commandments of god, and bear testimony of jesus. - revelation 12 : 13 - 17 -. thereafter lucifer the minor became the major and the only known. the two lucifer were recognized in the bible, but with different names, lucifer the minor was known as the great dragon, - revelation12 : 9 -, while the other, he who was lucifer the major, became minor after his death, and was said to be back soon is referred as the beast. - revelation 13 - on his head he had ten diadems upon its horn, that indicates his superiority than lucifer himself who had seven diadems on his horn, he still had the wound on its head, the wound he got from the fight of michael. in this book of revelation, it was said that when lucifer saw the beast he gave him his throne, authorities and powers he held for him after his death. the revelation of the beast continued in revelation 17, where he was described and really emphasized. “ the beast that thou sawest was and is not ” - revelation 17 : 8 -. this portion describes is availability in the universe, telling us that the beast seen by john during his revelations existed, but doesn ’ t as at the time of the world, even as at now ; that is because of his death, but shall ascend. lucifer in his pride still hold still is controversies towards mankind, and god himself. later on after jesus christ had died for our sins, his name was changed from melchizedek to jesus. at the end of all, lucifer would be thrown into the lake of fire, where is brother ; the beast would be. - revelation 20 : 10 -


stress trigger assessment stress in small doses isn ' t a bad thing. stress can challenge you to do your best. but too much stress can affect both your emotional and physical health. learning what brings on stress in your life is the first step toward managing it. this assessment will help you identify your life " stressors. " in each category, check all the items that currently apply to your life. you selected the following items : you have indicated that there are no major risk factors in your current lifestyle and circumstances that would put you at risk for developing stress. being laid off boredom with job dislike of job working harder, accomplishing less high responsibility, low control problem employee, supervisor or co - worker having a child death in the family making a new friend taking a vacation children leaving home quit smoking, drinking or using drugs losing a good friend skipping a vacation difficulty finding good child care the items you checked are your stressors - - the situations that cause you stress. any kind of change in your life - - whether good or bad - - may trigger stress. certain life events may be very stressful. these include getting divorced ( or getting married ), having a baby, losing a loved one or retiring from work. each person ' s reaction to stress may be different. some events that you may find stressful may not be stressful to someone else. once you are aware of what triggers your stress and recognize the symptoms of stress, you can start using stress management strategies. in fact, many experts believe that the way in which people deal with stress may be more important than the number or type of stressful situations they face. although a little stress isn ' t harmful, persistent, long - term stress can raise your risk for illnesses, including obesity, heart disease and certain cancers. long - term stress can cause digestive problems and weaken your immune system. symptoms of stress include feelings of anxiety, back pain, headaches, sleep problems, upset stomach and constipation or diarrhea. here are some tips from the national mental health association for dealing with common stressful situations. - be realistic. don ’ t take on more responsibility than you can or should handle. if you feel overwhelmed, say no to any activity that is not absolutely necessary. ask yourself, “ what really needs to be done? ” how much can i do? - don ’ t try for perfection. no one is perfect, so don ’ t expect perfection from yourself or others. ask for help if you need it. - take one thing at a time.


be done? ” how much can i do? - don ’ t try for perfection. no one is perfect, so don ’ t expect perfection from yourself or others. ask for help if you need it. - take one thing at a time. tension or stress can make an ordinary workload seem unbearable. one way to cope with the feeling of being overwhelmed is to take just one task at a time. pick the most urgent one and work on it. once you accomplish it, choose the next one. - take time out for yourself. meditation, regular exercise, good nutrition, and sharing your feelings with friends can help you cope with stressful situations. - realize that you can ' t control everything. what you can ' t control, don ' t worry about. - plan ahead for stressful events. if you need to give a speech, for instance, give yourself time to prepare for it. - approach changes in your life as challenges or opportunities instead of threats. - exercise most days of the week. aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate - intensity exercise each day. - get enough sleep. - follow a healthy diet. - get involved in hobbies or social events that are pleasurable. references for stress trigger - american academy of family physicians. stress : how to cope better with life ' s challenges. 2005. accessed on the world wide web at american academy of family physicians


the lobby stairway was just a few the major structures that had to be removed. theatre in progress almost 20 percent of the decoration surrounding the proscenium arch of the stage had been destroyed when the piggyback beam was installed. it took a crew of 10 men, 3 and half weeks to remove the truss beam. 10 tons of steel and 4 tons of plaster, sheet rock, studs and insulation had to be taken. the truss beam, which measured 118 ’ x 18 ’ & suspended the structural steel for the base, had to be cut into over a 1000 sections for removal. the balcony cinema, which had been re - stepped in order to alter the seating angles for the 2nd screen also, had to be returned to the original design. this involved tearing out over 4000 square feet of plywood. the golden gate theatre today as a key player in the best of broadway seasons since 1979, the golden gate theatre has hosted stopping musicals like a chorus line, which re - opened the theatre on december 27, 1979 followed by camelot with r. burton, sweeney todd with a. asbury, my fair lady with rex harrison, bette midler, woman of the year with lauren bacilli, 42nd street, cabaret, zorbas with anthony quinn, fiddler on the roof with tool, stomp, grease, chicago, rent, hairspray and moving ' out, among many more. this year the golden gate will host a. lloyd webber ' s newest production of vita. the golden gate theatre parking if you don ’ t want to drive there is another way to get to the golden gate theatre by using public transportation, make sure you have the golden gate theatre address and your the golden gate theatre seating chart. well the golden gate theatre it ’ s not just about tickets you can also visit the area around for more fun. and make sure you will come to us for any type of tickets we carry the cheapest tickets and best seats. the golden gate theatre what you should know!!! another thing check that your the golden gate theatre tickets are in your pockets before you go and make sure you have them because i m sure they will not let you in without your tickets, also make sure you have your the golden gate theatre driving directions, the golden gate theatre schedule and your the golden gate theatre seating chart with you. thank you for reading this and i hope you will get an excellent experience in the golden gate theatre. and make sure you will come to us for any type of tickets we carry the cheapest tickets


who needs a history of death, you may ask? you ’ re here one minute, gone the next. everybody knows that. it ’ s natural. actually, that ’ s an interesting attitude. in western culture, death isn ’ t natural any more. social science defines natural death as “ one that doesn ’ t matter ”. in the wild, 90 % of animals never make it to maturity. animals sniff death, and move on. survival of the herd is tantamount. in our society, death matters greatly, for two reasons. first of all, it reminds us of the fact that we, too, will physically die at some point. this is not a popular notion! most people will tell you they believe in an afterlife. they believe this afterlife is pleasant. but then they ’ ll say they are afraid to die. are they confused? no. they are afraid of the dying process, not of being dead. it is the thought of pain, loss of control and relying on machines that makes people cringe. and yet millions of dollars are spent developing those very machines and drugs to put death off! in one year, americans spend enough money on anti - aging products to keep an entire african country alive and well for a decade. we create legal papers to dictate our wishes when “ the time comes ”. we are given three days leave ( maybe ) from jobs to mourn our dead, get over it, and go back to work. no, death isn ’ t a natural experience at all. a syrian proverb states that birth is the messenger of death. eeesh. secondly, death is memorializing our loved ones and our popular ones. we preserve, gift box and hide dead people, putting up markers so others know they are there. we visit the graves, leave gifts, pay tribute. social scientists call this ancestor worship. common? yes, this custom is totally ingrained in our lives. natural? not a bit. according to those same scientists, " society is a structure erected against nature, which obscures natural death. " see? isn ’ t this interesting? now we ’ ll take a look at other forms of ancestor worship. once upon a time, some cultures took a dead body and laid it along the main road. if nature took its course, and the body was consumed by bugs, beasts and birds, the family was honored that their loved one was ' worthy ' of the great spirits. if the body was untouched and left to decompose, the family was shamed.


its course, and the body was consumed by bugs, beasts and birds, the family was honored that their loved one was ' worthy ' of the great spirits. if the body was untouched and left to decompose, the family was shamed. in biblical times, bodies were laid to rest in a cave, which was then sealed. or it was laid on the ground, in an out - of - the - way spot, with rocks piled over it. while there is no definitive reason given for the jewish custom of leaving rocks on headstones, some give this reference for the tradition. many see it simply as an indication that the one buried was visited and honored. some native american tribes placed their dead cocooned in trees, to be closer to the great creator, and to let mother nature take care of them. in many african villages, family members are buried in the middle of the village, and the graves are covered with cement. names are carved into the wet cement. when dry, it provides a smooth, hard surface for the daily routines of life. burial at sea goes back to the first time man tried to conquer and control water. the tradition continues today in naval circles worldwide. even non - sailors can arrange for such a disposition with societies dedicated to that ceremony. in all forms of story telling, death is often indicated when certain characters board watercraft and sail off into the sunset. a viking funeral consisted of placing the warrior ' s body on a wooden boat, lighting a slow fire, and setting the boat adrift. cremation dates to the stone age ( three thousand bc ). homer ( of iliad and odyssey fame ) encouraged the practice for health reasons, and for soldiers killed in battle. ancient romans were finally forbidden to cremate within the city limits in the 5th century because the smoke was so thick on a daily basis. the practice originated using log pyres ( stacks ). cremation has only recently gained widespread acceptance in our culture. modern methods do not use flame, but intense heat ( 1600 degrees ) to render the body into an ashen state. funerals are a form of ancestor worship, and are solely for the well being of the survivors. the form and character of funerals are as diverse as the cultures and religions in the world. think irish wake, new orleans jazz funeral, and state funerals, to name a few. today, the green funeral concept is growing. coffins are made of biodegradable cardboard, and buried where the box and its contents can go '


this is china this is china — probably the shortest survey of chinese history, geography, and culture that exists — was made possible by a much longer work, the 2, 754 - page berkshire encyclopedia of china : modern and historic views of the world ’ s newest and oldest global power. in chinese terms, even that is a short work : the yongle dadian, or great compendium of the yongle reign ( 1408 ) had 22, 877 chapters in 11, 095 volumes. it was our longer encyclopedic work that made this brief history possible. chinese people, of course, understand the importance of brevity. and their society, as readers new to chinese history will learn, has been one of many “ firsts. ” the laozi 子, one of china ’ s most renowned philosophical works, famously declared that a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. this is china, for those of us who are learning about the country, provides an easy way to take that first, single step through thousands of years of history and across the vast territory that is china today. this history opens a window on contemporary china — with balanced, nonpolitical coverage — by providing our readers with details about chinese governance, society, and culture through the ages. even our cover design reflects the modern and the ancient. by choosing a scene cropped from a 2008 photograph of the wuyang river in zhenyuan, guizhou province, where a fisherman casts his line into the water, we evoke images depicted in thousands of traditional chinese paintings. the cover also shows lines from a sacred buddhist scroll called the diamond sutra. a copy dated 868 ce was discovered in western china ’ s dunhuang caves in 1907, which makes it the oldest extant printed book ( and a natural fascination for a publisher ). the caves, located in an oasis along the old silk roads, are among the most magical of sites to visit in china today. both zhenyuan and dunhuang remind us that historic china lives on. the chinese title of this book is not an exact translation of the english, but instead is based on the advice of le la ( ), a young beijing - based friend. when we explained the concept of the book to her one summer morning in easthampton, new york, she suggested we take a more colloquial approach — “ look! this is china ” ( ！ 中 国 ). for our readers who are studying the chinese language we include


if you ’ ve never experienced anxiety or panic attacks, it ’ s hard to imagine just how uncomfortable they can be. more than 20 million americans suffer from anxiety — medically defined as ” an unpleasant emotional state ranging from mild unease to intense fear. ” while fear is a rational response to danger, anxiety usually lacks a clear or realistic cause. severe anxiety will often produce panic attacks — intense feelings of fear. these attacks are most often associated with agoraphobia, an intense fear of being alone or being in public places. the cause most doctors ignore both psychological stress and biochemical factors — such as caffeine and drug use — can trigger anxiety and panic attacks. elevated levels of lactic acid in the blood is also one of the most significant biochemical factors. when the body lacks oxygen, lactate is the final product in the breakdown of blood sugar. in fact, injecting anxiety sufferers with lactate can produce severe panic attacks. in normal individuals, however, nothing happens. so it appears that individuals with anxiety may be sensitive to lactate. it stands to reason, then, that reducing lactate levels should be a priority, yet most physicians ignore this goal. reducing lactate levels there are six nutritional factors that may be responsible for elevated lactate levels in individuals with anxiety : avoiding alcohol, caffeine, sugar, and food allergens goes a long way toward relieving symptoms in people with anxiety. in fact, just eliminating coffee can, in some cases, relieve symptoms completely. in one study of four men and two women with generalized anxiety who drank 1. 5 — 3. 5 cups of coffee per day, avoiding caffeine for one week brought about significant symptom relief. the degree of improvement was so noticeable that all patients volunteered to continue abstaining from caffeine after the study. magnesium : the calming mineral magnesium is essential in more than 300 biochemical reactions of the human body, and a deficiency has been reported to lead to symptoms of anxiety, depression, irritability, fear, insomnia, confusion, and memory loss. in one double - blind study, 264 people diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder were given either a placebo or 300 mg of magnesium. the magnesium group had a statistically significant reduction in symptoms. for best results, use a highly absorbable form of magnesium, such as magnesium citrate and magnesium glycinate. anxiety also appears to be linked to low levels of omega - 3 fatty acids. studies using omega - 3 - rich fish oils


best results, use a highly absorbable form of magnesium, such as magnesium citrate and magnesium glycinate. anxiety also appears to be linked to low levels of omega - 3 fatty acids. studies using omega - 3 - rich fish oils to treat anxiety have shown impressive results. in one trial, fish oil was shown to decrease anger and anxiety in substance abusers. in another, 2. 5 grams daily of omega - 3 fats produced a 20 percent reduction in anxiety symptoms. flaxseed oil, a vegetarian source of omega - 3 fats, has also been shown to help ease anxiety. in one study, three out of four patients with a history of agoraphobia improved within two to three months of taking flaxseed ( 2 — 6 tbs. daily, in divided doses ). gamma - aminobutyric acid ( gaba ) gaba is a neurotransmitter found throughout the central nervous system. low levels or decreased gaba function in the brain is associated with anxiety, depression, insomnia, and epilepsy. in fact, many popular anti - anxiety drugs interact primarily with gaba receptors. significant antistress effects have been shown in clinical studies with pharmagaba, a proprietary form of gaba. patients given pharmagaba reported feeling relaxed and experienced changes in brain wave patterns consistent with a state of relaxation. the typical dosage used in studies is 100 — 200 mg up to three times daily. in clinical trials, sensoril, a proprietary extract of the herb ashwagandha, has been shown to produce considerable anti - stress effects. in one double - blind human study, chronically stressed subjects taking sensoril had significant reductions in anxiety along with positive changes in blood chemistry, adrenal hormone levels, energy levels, and feelings of wellness. a typical dosage is 125 — 250 mg daily. the encyclopedia of natural medicine, which is over 1, 200 pages, has an impressive appendix, including a " glycemic index " chart and another chart detailing the acid value of certain foods. all of the research presented in the book is clearly listed in the references section at the very end of the book. dr. murray ’ s new book! from two world - renowned naturopathic doctors — joseph pizzorno, nd, and better nutrition “ second opinion ” columnist michael t. murray — comes the encyclopedia of natural medicine, the authoritative 3rd edition of the classic reference work, revised and expanded to include the latest cutting - edge


doctors — joseph pizzorno, nd, and better nutrition “ second opinion ” columnist michael t. murray — comes the encyclopedia of natural medicine, the authoritative 3rd edition of the classic reference work, revised and expanded to include the latest cutting - edge natural therapies for the most common ailments. murray and pizzorno focus on promoting health and treating disease with nontoxic, natural therapies, and this one - of - a - kind book shows you how to improve your health through a positive mental attitude, healthy lifestyle, health - promoting diet, and supplements, with plenty of practical tips. this book is a perfect introduction to the world of natural medicine, providing clear guidance in the use of the best natural remedies for all kinds of illnesses, big and small. the encyclopedia of natural medicine is a valuable health reference. to learn more, visit doctormurray. com. promote relaxation and ease anxiety with this powerful supplement that contains no soy, dairy, gluten, sugar, artificial sweeteners, flavors, colors, or preservatives. moro - 3 balanced epa - dha formula delivers a whopping 1, 040 mg of omega - 3 fatty acids in just two softgels. with a clean, orange flavor, no fishy aftertaste, and a balanced ratio of epa to dha. clinically proven to help inhibit fatigue, tension, and exhaustion associated with stress, sensoril is produced using a patented process for guaranteed ratios and concentrations of key constituents. michael t. murray, nd, is the author of more than 30 books on natural health, including the encyclopedia of natural medicine, third edition. he is regarded as one of the world ' s top authorities on natural medicine, and is a sought - after lecturer and educator. visit him online at doctormurray. com.


| therapeutic dosages | therapeutic uses | what is the scientific evidence for chromium? | safety issues | interactions you should know about chromium is a mineral the body needs in very small amounts, but it plays a significant role in human nutrition. chromium ' s most important function in the body is to help regulate the amount of glucose ( sugar ) in the blood. insulin plays a starring role in this fundamental biological process, by regulating the movement of glucose out of the blood and into cells. scientists believe that insulin uses chromium as an assistant ( technically, a ) to " unlock the door " to the cell membrane, thus allowing glucose to enter the cell. in the past, it was believed that to accomplish this the body first converted chromium into a large chemical called glucose tolerance factor ( gtf ). intact gtf was thought to be present in certain foods, such as brewer ’ s yeast, and for that reason such products were described as superior sources of chromium. however, subsequent investigation indicated that researchers were actually creating gtf inadvertently during the process of chemical analysis. scientists now believe that there is no such thing as gtf. rather, chromium appears to act in concert with a very small protein called low molecular weight chromium - binding substance ( lmwcr ) to assist insulin ' s action. lmwcr does not permanently bind chromium and is not a likely source of chromium in foods. based on chromium ' s close relationship with insulin, this trace mineral has been studied as a treatment for diabetes. the results have been somewhat positive : it seems fairly likely that chromium supplements can improve blood sugar control in people with diabetes. chromium also might be helpful for milder abnormalities in blood sugar metabolism. one study suggests that chromium might aid in weight loss, as well, but other studies failed to find this effect. the official us recommendations for daily intake are as follows : - 0 - 6 months : 0. 2 mcg - 7 - 12 months : 5. 5 mcg - 1 - 3 years : 11 mcg - 4 - 8 years : 15 mcg - 9 - 13 years : 25 mcg - 14 - 50 years : 35 mcg - 50 years and older : 30 mcg - 9 - 13 years : 21 mcg - 14 - 18 years : 24 mcg - 19 - 50 years : 25 mcg - 50 years and older : 20 mcg - 18 years or younger : 29 mcg


older : 30 mcg - 9 - 13 years : 21 mcg - 14 - 18 years : 24 mcg - 19 - 50 years : 25 mcg - 50 years and older : 20 mcg - 18 years or younger : 29 mcg - 19 years and older : 30 mcg - 18 years or younger : 44 mcg - 19 years and older : 45 mcg the national institutes of health ' s office of dietary supplements offers this list of food sources for chromium : 110 | english muffin, whole wheat | whole wheat bread chromium is also found in drinking water, especially hard water, but concentrations vary widely. many good sources of chromium, such as whole wheat, are depleted of this important mineral during processing. the most concentrated sources of chromium are brewer ' s yeast and calf liver. two ounces of brewer ' s yeast or 4 ounces of calf liver supply between 50 mcg and 60 mcg of chromium. some evidence suggests that chromium deficiency may be relatively common. however, this has not been proven, and the matter is greatly complicated by the fact that we lack a good test to identify chromium deficiency. severe chromium deficiency has only been seen in hospitalized individuals receiving nutrition intravenously. symptoms include problems with blood sugar control that cannot be corrected by insulin alone. corticosteroid treatment may cause increased chromium loss in the urine. it is possible that this loss of chromium may contribute to corticosteroid - induced diabetes. carbonate interferes with the absorption of chromium. the dosage of chromium used in studies ranges from 200 mcg to 1, 000 mcg daily, mostly in the form of chromium picolinate. however, there may be potential risks in the higher dosages of chromium ( see these and all other dosages of chromium regard the amount of the actual chromium ion in the supplement ( “ elemental chromium ” ), discounting the weight of the substances, such as picolinate, attached to it. some products state that they contain “ gtf chromium. ” some of these products are manufactured from brewer ’ s yeast, which was once thought to contain gtf. others contain chromium as chromium nicotinate, which bears a faint resemblance to the proposed gtf molecule. however, since gtf is no longer believed to exist, this claim should be disregarded. chromium has principally been


others contain chromium as chromium nicotinate, which bears a faint resemblance to the proposed gtf molecule. however, since gtf is no longer believed to exist, this claim should be disregarded. chromium has principally been studied for its possible benefits in improving blood sugar control in people with. several, but not all, studies suggest that people with adult - onset ( type 2 ) diabetes may show some improvement when given appropriate dosages of chromium. one study suggests that chromium may also be useful for diabetes that occurs during in addition, nondiabetic individuals with mildly impaired blood sugar control might attain better control of blood sugar with chromium supplementation. since mild impairment of blood sugar control is believed to increase risk of heart disease, chromium supplementation might help reduce heart disease rates. chromium has been sold as a " fat burner " and is also said to help build muscle tissue. however, most studies evaluating chromium ' s ability to promote have not found benefits. one study failed to find benefit with a combination of chromium and conjugated linoleic acid studies evaluating chromium as a or aid to bodybuilding have yielded almost entirely negative results. studies on whether chromium can improve levels have returned mixed results. however, one study suggests that chromium combined with grape seed extract might have a beneficial effect. in addition, among individuals taking beta - blockers, chromium may raise levels of hdl ( " good " ) cholesterol. when depression is characterized by rapid mood changes, excessive sleeping and eating, a sense of leaden paralysis, and extreme sensitivity to negative life events, the condition is called “ atypical depression. ” a very small ( 15 participants ) double - blind, placebo - controlled study found that might be helpful for this form of however, a much larger study failed to find statistically significant benefits. according to some researchers, impaired blood sugar control, high cholesterol, weight gain, and high blood pressure are all part of a bigger picture, called, or syndrome x. since chromium may be helpful for the first three of these conditions, chromium deficiency has been proposed as the cause of syndrome x. however, this has not been proven. one study failed to find that chromium picolinate at 200 mcg / day can improve symptoms of polycystic ovaries ( a common cause of chromium has also been proposed as a treatment for, but there


been proven. one study failed to find that chromium picolinate at 200 mcg / day can improve symptoms of polycystic ovaries ( a common cause of chromium has also been proposed as a treatment for, but there is as yet no real evidence that it works. what is the scientific evidence for chromium? the evidence regarding use of chromium for type 2 ( adult onset ), as well as other forms of diabetes, remains incomplete and inconsistent. double - blind, placebo - controlled study, 180 people with type 2 diabetes were given placebo, 200 mcg of chromium picolinate, or 1, 000 mcg chromium picolinate daily. the results showed that hba1c values ( a measure of long - term blood sugar control ) improved significantly after 2 months in the group receiving 1, 000 mcg and in both chromium groups after 4 months. fasting glucose ( a measure of short - term blood sugar control ) was also lower in the group taking the higher dose of chromium. a double - blind trial of 78 individuals with type 2 diabetes compared two forms of chromium ( brewer ' s yeast and chromium chloride ) against placebo. this rather complex crossover study consisted of four 8 - week intervals of treatment in random order. the results in the 67 participants who completed the study showed that both forms of chromium significantly improved blood sugar control. positive results were also seen in three other double - blind, placebo - controlled studies enrolling a total of more than 130 people with type 2 diabetes. however, several other studies have failed to find benefit for people with type 2 diabetes. these contradictory findings suggest that the benefit, if it really exists, is small at best. a combination of chromium and biotin might be more effective. following positive results in a small pilot trial, researchers conducted a double - blind study of 447 people with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. half the participants were given placebo and the rest were given a combination of 600 mcg chromium ( as chromium picolinate ) along with 2 mg of daily. all participants continued to receive standard oral medications for diabetes. over the 90 day study period, participants given the chromium / biotin combination showed significantly better glucose regulation than those given placebo. the relative benefit was clear in levels of fasting glucose as well as in hga1c. one placebo - controlled study of 30 women with - related diabetes found


. in a third study, 44 overweight women were given either placebo or 400 mcg of chromium per day. all participants were placed on an exercise program. over a period of 12 weeks, no differences were seen between the two groups in terms of body weight, waist circumference, or percentage body fat. a small double - blind trial of older women undergoing resistance training also failed to find evidence of benefit. generally negative results have been seen in other small double - blind trials as well. when larger studies find positive results and smaller studies do not, it often indicates that the treatment under study is only weakly effective. this may be the case with chromium as a weight - loss treatment. if chromium is effective for weight loss, one small study suggests it may work by influencing the brain and its role in appetite and food cravings. heart disease prevention insulin resistance, as well as mildly elevated blood sugar levels, appears to increase risk of heart disease chromium supplementation might help by improving insulin responsiveness and normalizing blood sugar. in support of this, an observational trial found associations between higher chromium intake and reduced risk of heart attack. although the precise upper limit of safe chromium intake is not known, it is believed that chromium is safe when taken at a dosage of 50 mcg to 200 mcg daily. side effects appear to be rare. however, chromium is a heavy metal and might conceivably build up and cause problems if taken to excess. there is one report of kidney, liver, and bone marrow damage in a person who took 1, 200 mcg to 2, 400 mcg of chromium for several months ; in another report, as little as 600 mcg for 6 weeks was enough to cause damage. such problems appear to be quite rare, and it is possible that these individuals already had health problems that predisposed them to such a reaction. the risk of chromium toxicity is believed to be higher in individuals who already have liver or kidney disease. nonetheless, based on these reports, it ’ s possible that the dosage of chromium found most effective for individuals with type 2 diabetes — 1, 000 mcg daily — might present some health risks. for example, there is some evidence that if chromium is taken in high enough amounts, it may be converted from its original safe form ( chromium 3 ) into a known carcinogen, chromium 6. we advise seeking medical supervision before


, there is some evidence that if chromium is taken in high enough amounts, it may be converted from its original safe form ( chromium 3 ) into a known carcinogen, chromium 6. we advise seeking medical supervision before taking more than 200 mcg of chromium daily. also, keep in mind that if you have diabetes and chromium is effective, you may need to cut down your dosage of any medication you take for diabetes. medical supervision is advised. there are also several concerns about the picolinate form of chromium in particular. picolinate can alter levels of neurotransmitters. this has led to concern among some experts that chromium picolinate might be harmful for individuals with there has also been one report of a severe skin reaction caused by chromium picolinate. finally, there are also concerns, still fairly theoretical and uncertain, that chromium picolinate could cause adverse effects on dna. the maximum safe dosage of chromium for women who are pregnant or nursing and for individuals with severe liver or kidney disease has not been established. interactions you should know about if you are taking you may need extra chromium if you are taking : - calcium carbonate supplements - you should also separate your chromium supplement and your doses of these substances by at least 2 hours, because they may interfere with chromium ' s absorption you may need extra chromium if you are taking : seek medical supervision before taking chromium because you may need to reduce your dose of these medications : chromium supplementation may improve levels of hdl ( " good " ) cholesterol if you are taking :


little was known about this hydrogen - breathing organism before its genome sequence was determined. by utilizing computational analyses and comparison with the genomes of other organisms, the researchers have discovered several remarkable features. for example, the genome encodes a full suite of genes for making spores, a previously unknown talent of the microbe. organisms that make spores have attracted great interest recently because this is a process found in the bacterium that causes anthrax. sporulation allows anthrax to be used as a bioweopon because the spores are resistant to heat, radiation, and other treatments. by comparing this genome to those of other spore - making species, including the anthrax pathogen, eisen and colleagues identified what may be the minimal biochemical machinery necessary for any microbe to sporulate. thus studies of this poison eating microbe may help us better understand the biology of the bacterium that causes anthrax. building off this work, tigr scientists are leveraging the information from the genome of this organism to study the ecology of microbes living in diverse hot springs, such as those in yellowstone national park. they want to know what types of microbes are found in different hot springs - - and why. to find out, the researchers are dipping into the hot springs of yellowstone, russia, and other far - flung locales, to isolate and decipher the genomes of microbes found there. " what we want to have is a field guide for these microbes, like those available for birds and mammals, " eisen says. " right now, we can ' t even answer simple questions. d source : the institute for genomic research


groom of the chamber to queen anne, sinecure offices which did not interfered with his literary career. he was acknowledged as a leading writer of the time. shakespeare, selden and chapman were among the few friends allowed to intrude visit his secluded home in old street, st luke ' s, where, fuller tells us, he would " lie hid for some months together, the more retiredly to enjoy the company of the muses, and then would appear in public to converse with his friends. " late in life daniel threw up his titular posts at court and retired to a farm called " the ridge, " which he rented at beckington, near devizes in, wiltshire. here he died on october 14, 1619. daniel ' s poetic works are very numerous, but were long neglected. this is more surprising since, during the 18th century, when so little elizabethan literature was read, daniel retained his prestige. later, coleridge, charles lamb and others praised this poet. of his works the sonnets are now, perhaps, most read. they depart from the italian sonnet form in closing with a couplet, as is the case with most of the sonnets of surrey and wyat, but they have a grace and tenderness all their own. of a higher order is the complaint of rosamond, a soliloquy in which the ghost of the murdered woman appears and bewails her fate in stanzas of exquisite pathos. among the epistles to distinguished persons will be found some of daniel ' s noblest stanzas tnd most polished verse. the epistle to lucy, countess of bedford, is remarkable among those as being composed in genuine terza rima, till then not used in english. daniel was particularly fond of a four - lined stanza of solemn alternately rhyming iambics, a form of verse distinctly misplaced in his dramas. these, inspired by the countess of pembroke, are less successful than his pastorals ; and hymen ' s triumph is considered the best of his dramatic writing. an extract from this masque is given in lamb ' s dramatic poets, and was highly praised by coleridge. in elegiac verse he always excelled, but most of all in his touching address to the angel spirit of the most excellent sir philip sidney. daniel was a great innovator in verse. his style is full, easy and stately, without being very animated or splendid ; it is content with level flights. as a gnomic writer daniel approaches chapman, but


statistics indicate that foodborne illness continues to be a health issue in the united states. each year, 1 in 4 americans will become sick, 1 in 1, 000 will become hospitalized, and 5, 000 will die due to a foodborne illness. blanco county food service establishments are under the texas department of state health services ( dshs ) jurisdiction. dshs requires that each food establishment has one certified food manager on site. many of you have already received a letter from the texas department of state health services regarding this. under these new rules, each food establishment permitted by the texas department of state health services must have one certified food manager. new food manager certificates will be valid for 5 years. texas agrilife extension service, blanco county, is offering a food manager certification training course. this program will be offered for $ 110 on june 15 and 16 at the blanco library large meeting room. cost includes training, materials, and the state food manager certification examination. this program is designed to not only prepare food service managers to pass the certification examination ; it will provide valuable education regarding the safe handling of food. almost 50 cents of every dollar americans spend on food is spent on meals prepared away from home. therefore, careful attention to food safety will help keep customers safe and satisfied. foodborne illnesses are estimated to cost thousands of dollars in lost wages, insurance, and medical bills. with these statistics, knowledge of how to prevent foodborne illness is essential. the benefits of improved food safety include : · increased customer satisfaction · improved relationships with health officials · prevention of bad publicity and law suits due to foodborne illness by attending the course, foodservice managers will learn about : · identifying potentially hazardous foods and common errors in food handling · preventing contamination and cross - contamination of food · teaching and encouraging personal hygiene for employees · complying with government regulations · maintaining clean utensils, equipment and surroundings · controlling pests foodborne illnesses can be prevented by following simple food safety practices. for more information about the food manager certification training course of texas agrilife extension service, called “ food safety : it ’ s our business, ” call gretchen sanders, blanco county extension agent, at 830 - 868 - 7167.


the soil, water and air ( swa ) program in alaska supports the blm ’ s multiple - use mission, while protecting and restoring the physical natural resources that maintain healthy watersheds. the majority of program work supports water - related activities such as monitoring water quality and quantity, instream flow studies, climate and snowpack monitoring, cooperative watershed projects, and protecting / restoring water quality and water habitats. soil surveys and projects related to impacts from off - highway - vehicle ( ohv ) use are conducted in certain areas as needed. the program provides basic coordination for air issues, and site specific air quality studies are conducted as they relate to smoke from wildfire. how large is the program? field work in alaska is challenging and expensive due to weather and the remote and scattered nature of blm - managed public lands. the blm manages approximately 85 million acres of surface land, or about one - fifth of the state of alaska. these lands contain approximately 96, 000 miles of perennial streams, 2. 6 million lake surface acres, and innumerable wetland areas ( approximately 45 % of alaska is classified as wetlands ). the blm manages more water bodies in alaska than in the rest of the lower 48 combined. in addition, the blm manages almost 240 million acres of subsurface mineral estate in alaska. what are we aiming for? the blm sustains the health, diversity and productivity of the public lands, for the use and enjoyment of present and future generations. the people of the soil, water and air program in alaska strive to support the blm ’ s multiple - use mission while working to protect, maintain and restore physical natural resources through watershed - based ecosystem management. why do we do this? the primary function of the program is to collect and analyze information on soil, water and air resources and provide direction necessary for : • compliance with laws, regulations and policies • mineral and energy development • land - use planning • fire management • monitoring the effectiveness of management actions • instream flow and other water rights applications • stream and watershed enhancement projects • protection of water quality and water habitats • climate change analysis • management of fish and wildlife resources for subsistence use • recreation management including ohv impacts abandoned mines land interagency hydrology committee for alaska usfs stream systems technology center usfws alaska water resources nws alaska - pacific river forecast center arcadian – current streamflow conditions in alaska university of alaska - fairbanks – water and environmental research center natural resources conservation service – alaska snow, water and climate services alaska ocean observing system ( aoos


nursing animals to health december 16, 2003 veterinary technicians are often called animal nurses because they care for animal patients the way nurses care for humans. but veterinary technicians ’ responsibilities extend beyond nursing, combining duties of many human healthcare jobs. in addition to providing general nursing, technicians help to administer and monitor anesthesia just as surgical nurses do, take x rays and sonograms like radiologic technicians, clean teeth like dental technicians, provide rehabilitation like physical therapy aides, monitor surgical equipment like surgical technicians, and conduct laboratory tests like clinical laboratory technicians. veterinary technicians, sometimes called veterinary technologists, work as part of a healthcare team. they are supervised by veterinarians, who diagnose disease and injury, prescribe treatments, and perform surgery on animals. technicians also work with veterinary assistants, who groom and comfort animals, clean cages, and do other nonmedical work. veterinary technicians and technologists had median hourly earnings of $ 10. 78 in 2001. that means that 50 percent of those workers earned more than that amount, and 50 percent earned less. the highest paid 10 percent were paid more than $ 15. 97 an hour. the lowest paid 10 percent earned $ 7. 65. these data are from the occupational employment statistics program. for more information, see " veterinary technicians : nursing animals to health " by henry kasper and olivia crosby, occupational outlook quarterly, fall 2003. note about the chart : deciles divide the dataset into 10 equal - size groups and quartiles divide the dataset into 4 equal - size groups. bureau of labor statistics, u. s. department of labor, the editor ' s desk, nursing animals to health on the internet at http : / / www. bls. gov / opub / ted / 2003 / dec / wk3 / art02. htm ( visited june 19, 2013 ). spotlight on statistics : productivity this edition of spotlight on statistics examines labor productivity trends from 2000 through 2010 for selected industries and sectors within the nonfarm business sector of the u. s. economy. read more »


monroviaarticle free pass monrovia, capital, largest city, and chief atlantic port of liberia, located on bushrod island and cape mesurado. it was founded during the administration of u. s. president james monroe ( for whom it was named ) by the american colonization society as a settlement for freed american slaves. the first town ( 1822 ) was on providence island at the mouth of the mesurado river. the population is composed of descendants of settlers from north america, most of whom arrived between 1830 and 1871, and of substantial numbers of immigrants from the interior. bushrod island contains the artificial harbour and free port of monrovia, the only such port in west africa. as the national centre of commerce and transportation, it attracted petroleum, paint, tuna, pharmaceutical, and cement enterprises. prominent buildings have included the capitol ( 1958 ), the executive mansion ( 1964 ), the city hall, and the temple of justice. many of these and other buildings, however, were severely damaged or destroyed during the fierce multisided civil war beginning in 1990. monrovia is the nation ’ s educational centre, with the university of liberia ( founded by act of legislature in 1851, opened 1862, given university status 1951, established a medical school 1968 ), the modern monrovia consolidated school system complex in the sinkor district, and several church secondary schools. medical facilities include the john f. kennedy memorial hospital, a government and two church hospitals, and several private clinics. the monrovia conference of 1961 served to launch the organization of african unity in 1963 ( since 2002 the african union ). pop. ( 2008 ) 1, 021, 762. what made you want to look up " monrovia "? please share what surprised you most...


naseer ahmad mee09 : 47, pp. 50. tek / avd. for telekommunikationssystem, 2009. ireless communication is one of the fields of telecommunications which is growing with the tremendous speed. with the passage of time wireless communication devices are becoming more and more common. it is not only the technology of business but now people are using it to perform their daily tasks, be it for calling, shopping, checking their emails or transfer their money. wireless communication devices include cellular phones, cordless phones and satellite phones, smart phones like personal digital assistants ( pda ), two way pagers, and lots of their devices are on their way to improve this wireless world. in order to establish two way communications, a wireless link may be using radio waves or infrared light. the wireless communication technologies have become increasingly popular in our everyday life. the hand held devices like personal digital assistants ( pda ) allow the users to access calendars, mails, addresses, phone number lists and the internet. personal digital assistants ( pda ) and smart phones can store large amounts of data and connect to a broad spectrum of networks, making them as important and sensitive computing platforms as laptop pcs when it comes to an organization ’ s security plan. today ’ s mobile devices offer many benefits to enterprises. mobile phones, hand held computers and other wireless systems are becoming a tempting target for virus writers. mobile devices are the new frontier for viruses, spam and other potential security threats. most viruses, trojans and worms have already been created that exploit vulnerabilities. with an increasing amount of information being sent through wireless channels, new threats are opening up. viruses have been growing fast as handsets increasingly resemble small computers that connect with each other and the internet. hackers have also discovered that many corporate wireless local area networks ( wlan ) in major cities were not properly secured. mobile phone operators say that it is only a matter of time before the wireless world is hit by the same sorts of viruses and worms that attack computer software.