whenever you see a face in a cloud or the man in the moon you ’ re experiencing a phenomenon called “ pareidoliac apophenia. ” one example is the apparent face that emerged from the shadows of a mesa on mars. the term apophenia was coined by klaus conrad in 1958. it refers to our tendency to find meaningful patterns or to draw connections in random sets of data. in east asian folklore, by the way, they don ’ t see a man in the moon ; they see a rabbit. another example of apophenia is the apparent synchronicity between the 1939 film wizard of oz and the pink floyd album dark side of the moon. if you watch this youtube clip of the album playing as the movie soundtrack, meaningful connections seem to emerge. pareidolia is a specific kind of apophenia where faces or other patterns emerge from random shapes. the rorschach test is a classic example. it also explains the remarkable discovery in 1978 of the face of jesus in the burn marks of a tortilla, and the appearance of the virgin mary in a grilled cheese sandwich. in september of 2007, a monkey god was observed in a car - damaged tree in singapore. pilgrims have flocked there ever since then to offer bananas to the monkey deity. as artists, we can have some fun with this phenomenon. whenever i sense a face emerging from the randomness of the world, i like to sketch it, accentuating the pareidolia just slightly. maybe i ’ m going crazy, but last week i saw a face in the dormer windows of a building, and did this quick sketch to push it just a little. another time on a hike i stopped in my tracks when i saw a face in the rocky cliff. i did this sketch to accentuate the forms just enough to make it apparent, but without making it too obvious, hopefully. rackham did the same thing with tree roots. though i didn ’ t know the name for it at the time, i used the idea in the world beneath ( 1995 ), where lee crabb sees a skull ( center ) and oriana sees a mother figure ( right ) in an apparently random grouping of stalagmites ( left ). designing a form that could be interpreted in two different ways was a real brain - teaser. wikipedia entries on pareidolia and apophenia and dark side of the rainbow more on the monkey tree phenomenon, link. man in the moon, link. rabbit


various cybernetic limb and organ replacements were recently featured in ieee ’ s flash demo called the bionic body shop, but we were most interested by the bionic eye and the cochlear implant ( we already discussed the featured powered exoskeleton ). these are notable for the fact that they are not merely high - tech prosthetic replacements strapped to or worn on the body, but implants that are housed within the body and work with flesh - and - blood sense organs on a much closer level than any preceding technology. the argus ii retinal stimulation system is biotech firm second sight ’ s bionic eye, and it works by attaching 60 electrodes directly to the retina that stimulate light and dark receptors to form an image the human brain can parse. the electrodes are also connected to a small housing unit implanted more deeply within the skull ; the housing unit contains a battery, video processor, and wireless receiver. the receiver gets video data from a small camera mounted in a pair of glasses. the technology is currently in clinical trials using only patients over 50 who have suffered gradual loss of vision as opposed to lifetime blindness. minimal data about cochlear implants was in the flash demo, so we chose one manufacturer, med - el, to learn more. their implants work much in the same way as the retinal implants, with a cranially implanted housing for electronic components and an electrode array directly stimulating the user ’ s cochlea. a speech processor worn externally picks up sounds and converts it to digital data. the data is transmitted by a coil to the receiver in the internal housing, which relays it to the electrodes. the electrodes stimulate the cochlea and the user hears the sound. though these are available now, only patients with severe hearing loss are eligible. one interesting thing to note about both devices is that they stimulate sensory organs directly with digital data. while the most practical applications are to recover lost or damaged sensory sensitivity, it ’ s not inconceivable to think that these could also become available to anyone and be used to stream music directly into your ear or visual data like text or images directly into the eye. fun stuff, just make sure the procedure doesn ’ t drive you insane.


letting beef cows graze on bales and snow in winter pastures with a restricted system is working well for some canadian ranchers. it ' s simple and economical, and can last until spring grazing. “ you put the bales out and the cows go to the feed. you just control access with an electric fence, ” says bart lardner, western beef development centre ( wbdc ) research scientist, lanigan, saskatchewan. wbdc began bale grazing with replicated trials in 2003. the first two winters, it had stocking rates of 680 cow - days / acre for 110 days. the test herds were on russian wild ryegrass pasture. trials in 2005 and 2006 had stocking rates at about 150 cow - days / acre, on barley stubble with barley hay bales. “ we ' re looking at differences between feed cleanup, residue and nutrients left behind with the two systems, ” says lardner. he estimates expenses at 10 - 20 % less than feeding in feedlots. it takes time to organize the bales for restricted feeding, and it takes time to remove bale strings or nets. after that, the rest is managing consumption. stock shouldn ' t need grain or supplement. in addition, bale grazing generates up to three times more nitrogen than the site would gain from cleaning out a feedlot. “ all the nitrogen is captured on the feed site and available for next year ' s growth, ” says lardner. “ that ' s a huge deposition of nutrients a producer can manage. ” the system will only work with feed testing and good planning. bales should be arranged in rows by quality, by weight / day / cow and with allowance for changing conditions. if cows need 38 lbs / day of average hay for the first trimester of pregnancy, they may need 40 lbs / day of better hay in the second. keep the best hay and highest feeding rate for last. site selection and bale spacing are other basics. “ place your bales so you get even distribution of manure ; make sure cattle clean up more than 80 % of the feed, ” he says. “ they ' re not going to clean it all up, but if you choose your site well, the residual feed can be worked in or harrowed before seeding. ” before calving and spring thaw, bring the herd back to where it can be observed, he suggests. plastic bale strings can be removed by hand as winter progresses. options include baling with sisal or baling without twine


. ” before calving and spring thaw, bring the herd back to where it can be observed, he suggests. plastic bale strings can be removed by hand as winter progresses. options include baling with sisal or baling without twine if bales are fed on site. be cautious about bale - grazing youngstock, lardner cautions. “ they tend to need a little better ration than older cows. your replacement females are your future breeding stock. you want to grow them out sufficiently. give them higher - quality feed and have a good water source for them. a mature cow can do quite well on soft, powdery snow. ” brothers hugh and robert blair began bale grazing on their own about the same time as the wbdc trials began. it has replaced swath grazing and grazing on rolled - out bales for their entire herd. their cattle ranch, whitemud river farms near woodside, manitoba, produces grass and beef on 4, 000 acres. from mid - may to late september, the herd and up to 1, 000 yearlings are rotationally grazed. some tall pasture is stockpiled for late fall grazing. after fall feeder sales and weaning, the blairs organize the winter feed supply. they stand round hay bales in neat rows, sorted by quality and weight, at several feeding sites. they use cow bytes software to organize the details. about 550 animals — cows, bred heifers, yearlings and calves — are separated into three groups. they bale graze from early november through mid - may. this is their first winter of bale grazing calves. “ it ' s a trial to see how well it works, ” says hugh blair. “ older cows are a little hard on heifers, so it just becomes a competition if they ' re not separated. heifers get a little better - quality feed. calves are 500 - 600 lbs when weaned, so we put them in a better sheltered area and give them the best alfalfa we have. ” the brothers only need about 90 minutes and a truck every two days for feeding. “ with other methods, we were close to $ 1 or $ 1. 20 a day. right now, we ' re feeding cows for 82¢ a day and our calves for around 43¢, ” says blair. one 90 - hp loader tractor is all they need for putting out bales. “ we got rid of bale shredders and other tractors, ” he says


82¢ a day and our calves for around 43¢, ” says blair. one 90 - hp loader tractor is all they need for putting out bales. “ we got rid of bale shredders and other tractors, ” he says. “ five years ago we had a $ 9, 700 manure bill, and this year we don ' t have any. ” the herd is healthy, much quieter and easier to handle. the blairs are getting exercise walking through the herd and snow to roll up and move the control wire that restricts access. “ you get a really good look at your animals, and they seem way more content, ” says blair. a winter watering system is available. first - calf heifers and calves have fresh water all winter. if there isn ' t enough snow, the brothers can bring in water for the mature cows. “ the old cows prefer snow once they get onto it, ” he says. “ they ' re not filling their stomachs with cold water and shivering for hours. ” two control wires connect to permanent electric fence at each end. in between, snow supports the portable posts. if there isn ' t enough snow, bales in the next row can support the posts. the second wire provides backup. in late march, about three weeks before calving, cows and pregnant heifers are moved to a fresh area to continue bale grazing. they have more room and can stay on bales until the grass is ready. “ when you get into bale grazing, the better you know the weight and quality of your bales, the more money you can save and the more efficient you can make this thing work, ” says blair.


how to interpret scripture using the rules of sensus plenior jer 17 : 9 the heart [ is ] deceitful above all [ things ], and desperately wicked : who can know it? our assumptions about scripture and the rules we use to guide our interpretation effect the ultimate meaning that we get from scripture. it is important to evaluate those assumptions and rules to ensure that they permit the scriptures to speak for themselves rather than permitting us to impose our own meaning upon them. my assumptions and convictions are these : - the bible is the word of god which has been protected for us in such a manner that it is considered infallible in every jot and tittle. by using the proper methods of interpretation, as taught by the apostles, errant manuscripts may be discerned. - the meaning of the bible is contained in multiple layers as described by the church from the earliest days, as a literal and a spiritual layer. these layers are in complete agreement with each other in every way. - the hidden spiritual layer is discerned using methods taught by the apostles in the new testament. it is called the meat of the gospel, whereas the literal meaning is called the milk of the gospel. the milk is sufficient for salvation. the meat provides the spiritual nourishment to enable a mature faith and walk. the rules are discerned using the same methods as discerning sp, so it should be expected that those practicing literal methods may disagree with how the rules are determined. that doesn ' t matter. sp needs to be evaluated to see if it is self - consistent as well as if it produces verifiable orthodox results. these are the principles ( strict rules ) which i use to determine the meaning of scripture : since god has said that not a jot or tittle will pass away, until one knows why each jot and tittle is there, a complete understanding has not been derived. ( this keeps us humble ) such humility is exemplified by one who listens to others ’ opinions and based on scripture, tests all things and holds fast to those things which are good. such humility is missing in one who insists that only his opinion is correct, and uses phrases like “ the bible says so ” while pulling passages out of context and displaying an attitude of unwillingness to discuss the meaning or context of those passages. since man shall live “ by every word ”, a doctrine is not sound until it sums up and includes all that god has said about it. ( this keeps us searching ) this attitude


of unwillingness to discuss the meaning or context of those passages. since man shall live “ by every word ”, a doctrine is not sound until it sums up and includes all that god has said about it. ( this keeps us searching ) this attitude of searching recognizes that the bible is full of meaning, and that perhaps one person in his own studies has not yet identified or considered all the applicable passages. this attitude is missing when a few verses are used as a shotgun to force a discussion to a preconceived conclusion. since every word must be established by two or three witnesses, every shadow must have at least two supporting scripture witnesses. this means we cannot define a shadow with a single verse. ( this keeps us rigorous in methodology ) a shadow is a hidden meaning which is not contained in the literal meaning ( rom 10. 1 ). shadows are not the product of a wild imagination and are therefore verifiable by the scriptures. when a shadow has two or three witnesses, it should be regarded as a tentative meaning. this rule specifically forbids a single verse from becoming definitive. since god ’ s word is established forever, a shadow means the same thing everywhere is it used. so, since a donkey is a shadow of a prophet, everywhere there is a donkey, it is a shadow of a prophet. this rule alone makes the shadows humanly impossible to fabricate as it requires the interlocking of a double entendre found in all the scriptures. ( this keeps us in awe ) free - for - all allegory has been properly criticized because allegorical or metaphoric meanings have no way to be verified, and we are persuaded by the loudest proponent of a meaning. this rule dis - allows free - for - all allegory by setting an impossible standard for the use of allegory. every donkey is a prophet, every garment is a work, etc. such that every scripture participates in a hidden picture of christ. such a phenomenon is impossible for men to produce and therefore when we observe it occurring, we can have confidence that it is god ’ s intended meaning. the riddle of samson tells us christ is the answer to all the riddles. if the shadow doesn ’ t look like christ, it isn ’ t a good shadow. ( this keeps us focused ) jesus told the disciples on the road to emmaus that all the scriptures spoke of him, and chastised the scribes and pharisees for searching the scriptures to seek life, but rejecting him, since they spoke of


this keeps us focused ) jesus told the disciples on the road to emmaus that all the scriptures spoke of him, and chastised the scribes and pharisees for searching the scriptures to seek life, but rejecting him, since they spoke of him. if we don ’ t see christ in the scriptures, we have missed the primary purpose of the scriptures. and if christ is not central to a proposed sp interpretation, it is to be rejected. this rule alone separates sp from gnosticism, kabbalah and midrash. and since we are to “ let everyman be a liar and god be true ”, outside references are not required to solve the riddles and see the shadows. ( this keeps us devoted ) not only are we not going to bring in extra - biblical books to determine the meaning of scripture, but we will not make apostles out of historians by elevating their writings as to the meaning of scripture. we will not make apostles out of document critics. errors to documents spoil the hidden narrative and so once the hidden narrative is known, the proper document can be discerned. nor will we accept what god has shown you personally, unless he has shown it to you through the scriptures. because of the rules, a formal scoring may be used. if it proposed that ' leaven ' means ' sin ' we count how many times it is used : seor is used 5 times chametz is used 11 times we must understand each word individually. give a point when a proposal fits in each case, and - 1000000 points if it does not fit. to say that a proposed meaning absolutely is true, seor must get 5 / 5 and chametz must get 11. to ' fit ' it must sensible participate in the local narrative and be theologically significant as well as non - contradictory to the literal. response to mike ' s answer although brown popularized the term sensus plenior in time for modern debates, he never was able to actually unpack it, saying that he had never used it in preaching. one should not have expected brown to have defined ' strict rules '. the quotes from luther and owen only show that they believed that sensus plenior existed. they are nice quotes that help establish the belief in the fact, not the practice. though jonathan edwards strove to see christ in all the scriptures, he could only see the hints and filled in the gaps with instinct and allegory. he often did well, but this is not sp. thus god '


, not the practice. though jonathan edwards strove to see christ in all the scriptures, he could only see the hints and filled in the gaps with instinct and allegory. he often did well, but this is not sp. thus god ' s making eve of adam ' s rib, was to typify the near relation and strict union of husband and wife, and the respect that is due, in persons in that relation, from one to the other. ( jonathan edwards, volume 9, page 12 ) edwards ignored paul ' s statement that marriage spoke of christ and the church. the ante - type target of edwards in this passage is marriage, falling short of the sp target of christ. let ' s examine the sp interpretation so that the difference between allegory and sp is clear. 21 ¶ and the lord god caused a deep sleep to fall upon adam, and he slept : and he took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh instead each word has multiple meanings in hebrew sleep also means death * adam * also means man and he is a type of christ rib means limping and side, etc. when the double entendre is read it says : and god caused the man to die and he died ; and he married a certain limping side and delivered mankind. this is the riddle which points to christ. he married the church with his limping side ( the flesh ). drash ties in the bruised heel of the woman, and jacob ' s withered thigh to show us pictures of gethsemane where his flesh was made to ' limp ' in order to be obedient to the father. edwards practiced free - for - all allegory. if one skims through the rules without comprehending them, or like naaman hears the instruction but is insulted at their apparent simplicity, sp will look like nothing but the free - for - all allegory of others. it should not be expected that using the syrian waters of free - for - all allegory should produce a result any different than before ; free - for - all allegory with none of the verifiability of sp.


copyright institute of social science, university of tokyo. all rights reserved. return to contents japanese politicians, it seems, will do anything but face their war crimes, and will even try to justify them. the japanese foreign ministry has persuaded the american government not to invite prime minister murayama to pearl harbor, arguing that it would " harm the relationship between the two nations. " a member of the hosokawa cabinet said the nanking massacre was a myth. and a steady stream of cabinet ministers, dietmembers, and leading journalists have claimed that japan liberated asia from the colonial powers. these statements might suggest that the japanese, unlike the germans, have never confronted their past in an objective manner. however, such was not always the case. japanese " amnesia " about the war, exemplified in the above comments, has emerged as a part of a revisionist literature which argues that mainstream japanese historians, and intellectuals generally, were wrong in their postwar denunciation of the japanese military and its actions. the revisionists, such as former minister of education fujio and former minister of justice nagano, are so zealous that they keep whitewashing japan ' s role in the war even at the risk of losing office ( in fact, their insistence that little killing took place in nanking is correct : the worst massacres happened in the suburbs of nanking ). justification of the war is a recent development in postwar intellectual history, although one may rightly argue that the arguments are logical extensions of the infamous prewar ajiashugi, or " asianism. " the new surge of nationalism has been in part fostered by the recent industrial development of east asia. pointing to the region ' s rapidly growing economies, nationalist - revisionists argue that the east has prevailed over the west, and that the pacific war was only an initial step in this direction. by arguing this, they confirm something namier once wrote : " one would expect people to remember the past and to imagine the future, [ b ] ut in fact, when discoursing or writing about history, they imagine it in terms of their own experience... they imagine the past and remember the future. " ( 1 ) the new nationalists are certainly imagining their past - in a manner that suits their egos. maruyama ' s critique of fascism led to his famous defense of the constitution ' s article 9, which bans the maintenance of armed forces in japan, and has served as a guiding light for a whole generation of scholars, students, and citizens. the arguments


' s critique of fascism led to his famous defense of the constitution ' s article 9, which bans the maintenance of armed forces in japan, and has served as a guiding light for a whole generation of scholars, students, and citizens. the arguments of japanese pacifism are simple : all wars betray noble purposes, militarism is the worst enemy of democracy, and we must struggle to eliminate any legacy of militarism from our soil in order to establish a full - fledged democracy. moreover, the establishment of democracy is essential to avoid future wars ; but a government enmeshed in cold war institutions and us - dominated foreign policy is not a democracy, even though its formal political procedures may make it seem one. hence the rebellion against the security treaty with the americans and the widespread antinuclear movements. i grew up in this pacifist intellectual environment, but now i am puzzled by its hypocrisies. it says little about the atrocities committed by the japanese military abroad. ( 3 ) it also has little to say about the kind of foreign policy necessary to establish a war - free community of nations. as pacifists, we were supposed to defend our constitution against the cold warriors and the americans ; but it was the american occupation forces who virtually dictated the draft of our constitution. the japanese almost always appeared as victims of war, victims of the irresponsible militarist government. we used hiroshima as a symbol of antinuclear peace, but seldom referred to nanking or, for that matter, manila. while we proclaimed our victimization, outside japan very few people cared to hear about japanese suffering during the war. there is something very moving, however, in the way the japanese are horrified by memories of hiroshima. their passionate discussions of the atomic bombings call forth a vision of dusk and death, an age about to end, and a mankind foolish enough to exterminate itself. perhaps this apocalyptic vision seems excessive, even bizarre. but substitute " japanese people " for " mankind, " and the meaning of the war for the japanese becomes clear. the war put an end to everything. the bombing of hiroshima quite literally wiped out a whole city. aside from any political propaganda, this stark vision of total destruction was what hiroshima has meant to most of us. it is quite possible that few japanese care about the atrocities japan committed overseas. at the same time, many japanese do care about the japanese victims, and about the grotesque violence their militarist government brought down on their heads. hiroshima signifies the


us. it is quite possible that few japanese care about the atrocities japan committed overseas. at the same time, many japanese do care about the japanese victims, and about the grotesque violence their militarist government brought down on their heads. hiroshima signifies the ugliest dimension of all this. those who emphasized hiroshima during the cold war were not necessarily making apologies for the soviets or parading their anti - american nationalism ; hiroshima, to many japanese, simply showed what you get when you start a foolish war. moreover, beneath the pacifism lies a fatalistic vision of a future war. this nightmare image is not confined to the intellectual argument of the sengo keimo, or " postwar enlightenment. " a strange aspect of postwar japanese mass culture is the prevalence of a vision of doomsday, of total annihilation in a world war. dystopic scenarios are seen not only in the likes of akira, japan ' s decadent version of blade runner, but also in doraemon, a popular tv cartoon series which caters to middle - class children ( including my daughters ). buruma is wrong in attributing the japanese view of hiroshima to simple hypocrisy. it is actually worse than that. hiroshima is a lesson through which the japanese learn a frozen, remembered version of the future. when the americans started to reduce their military presence in okinawa, okinawans simply could not believe it, for a major military operation involving us forces in okinawa was supposed to bring destruction to the whole island. when the americans and the soviets agreed on nuclear disarmament, pacifists ( again, including myself ) could not believe that either, as it threatened our remembered future, however dystopian it was. confronting the specter of fascism and the nightmare of nuclear war were noble and necessary acts ; but what future is left for a japanese intellectual when the specters and nightmares are gone? the nationalist - revisionists, with their ridiculous attempts to invent our past, are irrelevant. we should be busy constructing blueprints for a better world in the wake of the cold war. but our ability to imagine such a world is weak, atrophied by our long past of remembering the future. lewis namier, " symmetry and repetition, " in his conflicts. london : macmillan, 1942. maruyama masao, thought and behaviour in modern japanese politics. oxford : oxford university press, 1963. during the past decade, however, japanese historians have produced an impressive range of documents and academic studies of japanese


iaea and ictp open nuclear energy management school training a new generation of nuclear energy leaders the number of countries which are considering introducing nuclear energy is growing steadily. the agency projects that within the next twenty years, as many as 25 countries will be operating their first nuclear power plants. - story resources - school of nuclear energy management : topics - fostering great minds, 8 november 2010 - in focus : nuclear power : status and outlook - in focus : nuclear security - iaea department of technical cooperation - iaea department of nuclear sciences and applications - iaea department of nuclear energy - international nuclear information system ( inis ) and nuclear knowledge management ( nkm ) section - abdus salam international centre for theoretical physics ( ictp ) nuclear power is being considered as a clean energy option by ever more countries. currently, the iaea is involved in projects dealing with the introduction of nuclear power in 58 of the agency´s 151 member states. the agency projects that within the next twenty years, as many as 25 countries will be operating their first nuclear power plants. a new generation of nuclear energy leaders needs to be trained now to ensure that that the necessary talent will be available to safely and sustainably operate and regulate a growing fleet of nuclear power plants worldwide. on 8 november 2010, the iaea launched an initiative to introduce these future leaders to the principles of effective nuclear energy programme management. at the international centre for theoretical physics ( ictp ) in trieste, italy, the iaea opened the nuclear energy management school. it offers specialized management training to promising young professionals from developing countries, in particular professionals from countries that are planning to develop nuclear power programmes. the school transfers the iaea´s specific expertise and knowledge in nuclear energy, nuclear safety, and nuclear security to member states to further enhance their national capacity. in a keynote address delivered at the school´s opening, iaea deputy director general werner burkart stated, " highly competent management is essential to the success and long - term sustainability and safety of an emerging or expanding nuclear programme. many countries are concerned about a possible shortage of skilled professionals in the nuclear field in the coming decades. helping member states address this issue is one of the iaea´s core tasks. " " all applications of nuclear technology are based on nuclear knowledge, " added iaea deputy director general yury sokolov. " helping member states, especially those starting national nuclear power programmes, to acquire and manage the world´s accumulated knowledge is an essential responsibility of the iaea. and this school is a very important part of our duty to


general yury sokolov. " helping member states, especially those starting national nuclear power programmes, to acquire and manage the world´s accumulated knowledge is an essential responsibility of the iaea. and this school is a very important part of our duty to discharge that responsibility. " in a three - week curriculum, the nuclear energy management school provides young professionals insights into the most recent developments in nuclear energy and a broad international perspective on issues related to the peaceful uses of nuclear technology. they will learn from leading specialists in nuclear power development and implementation, as well as collaborate on group projects and network with their peers from around the world. the nuclear energy management school´s curriculum will cover the following topics : world energy balance, nuclear power and nuclear power economics ; nuclear data, materials and research reactors ; climate change and nuclear power economics ; iaea support for nuclear power ; nuclear fuel cycle and waste management ; nuclear safety & security ; nuclear law ; nuclear safeguards ; nuclear leadership and management ; human resource development and knowledge management ; and communication, public acceptance and nuclear sociology. iaea assists member states in formulating country - specific policies on human resource development, education, training and knowledge management in support of nuclear power programmes. see story resources for more information. - - by peter kaiser, iaea division of public information ; and bruna lecossois and andrey pryakhin, iaea department of nuclear energy, contributed to this article


teresa blake, lisa collier, kim stone, noel muselin, and teri peters “ seizing a teachable moment : use of the kalamazoo river oil spill to improve science education ” is blake and her colleagues ’ winning project. the kalamazoo river runs through the village of augusta and city of galesburg, farmland, and two natural areas of rare, forested floodplain communities, and it is significant to the galesburg augusta primary school students and their families, therefore it takes center stage in the project. since the 30 - inch underground pipeline burst in marshall, mich. on july 25, 2010, which released 800, 000 gallons of oil into a small tributary that feeds into the kalamazoo river, water quality, wildlife and the ecosystem have been threatened and has forced some families out of their homes. by engaging second, third, and fourth - grade students, their families, and staff of galesburg augusta primary school, along with a representative from the kalamazoo river watershed council and michigan state university ’ s kellogg biological station, the team will assess the environmental impact on the river ’ s water quality and surrounding high - quality, swamp and native plant community located on the school ’ s property. blake says the primary goal is to raise student achievement in scientific topics that can be linked to the oil spill.


in the news april 7, 2006 collective effort produces asian longhorned beetle information government organizations combined resources to develop a powerpoint slide show, a web page, and informational flyers on how to detect and report suspected infestations of the asian longhorned beetle ( alb ). in 2005, the alb was found in a warehouse in sacramento. the pest has the potential to destroy millions of acres of hardwood trees such as elm, maple, boxelder, birch, horse chestnut, poplar, willow, mimosa, and hackberry. infestations in new york, illinois, and new jersey resulted in the removal of thousands of trees and cost state and federal governments in excess of $ 168 million. the web site, www. wripmc. org / alerts /, is a one - stop resource to educate consumers on how to report and prevent asian longhorned beetle infestations in california. the following organizations helped to develop the information : university of california statewide integrated pest management program ; the national plant diagnostic network, western region ; usda - aphis plant protection and quarantine ; usda - forest service ; california department of food and agriculture ; and the sacramento county agricultural commissioner. the usda - csrees integrated pest management centers produced and distributed the pest alert. high - resolution image ( 907kb ) " adult asian longhorned beetle. " photo credit : courtesy of uc statewide ipm program, dennis haugen, usda, forest service. photos are for use with this release only. all other uses see legal notices. stephanie klunk, communications specialist


we [ cannot ] persist in seeing leonardo [ da vinci ] as an artist on the one hand and a scientist and technologist on the other. the common response is to suggest that he recognised no divisions between the two …. this doesn ’ t quite hit the mark, however, because it tacitly accepts that ‘ art ’ and ‘ science ’ had the same connotations in leonardo ’ s day as they do now. what leonardo considered arte was the business of making things. paintings were made by arte, but so were the apothecaries ’ drugs and the weavers ’ cloth. … the people who made [ paintings ] were tradesmen paid to do a job, and manual workers at that. leonardo … strove to raise the status of painting so that it might rank among the ‘ intellectual ’ or liberal arts, such as geometry, music, and astronomy. scienza, in contrast, was knowledge — but not necessarily that obtained by … experiment …. medieval scholastics had insisted that knowledge was what appeared in the books of euclid, aristotle, ptolemy, and other ancient writers, and that the learned man was one who had memorized these texts. the celebrated humanism of the renaissance did not challenge this idea but merely refreshed it, insisting on returning to the original sources rather than relying on arabic and medieval glosses.


back in 2008 california voters approved, by a narrow margin, to build the first high - speed train network in the united states. last week, the plans moved ahead on the high speed rail when the california state senate approved a critical funding bill. the “ bullet ” train is supposed to address growing transportation needs as well as create more jobs in california, where unemployment is currently 10. 8 %. however, these ideal outcomes come at an enormous price. the planning and building of the high - speed train network is estimated to cost nearly $ 68 billion. the state legislature has yet to approve the $ 2. 7 billion from the voter approved bond money. once approved, if it is approved, the federal government can then contribute the promised $ 3. 3 billion funding, and building can begin. here are ten reasons why the california high speed rail authority believes the “ bullet train ” will prove to benefit majorly the state of california : 1. first and foremost, the high - speed rail will create more jobs. as many as 100, 000 construction related jobs each year that the system is being built as well as nearly 450, 000 permanent new jobs statewide created by the economic growth the train system will generate over the next 25 years. 2. reduced dependence on foreign oil : 12. 7 million barrels less per year. 3. reduced greenhouse gas emissions : 12 billion pounds less per year. 4. improved air quality. 5. faster travel on the ground between major metropolitan areas. 6. congestion relief on freeways and at airports. 7. the trains system will cut air pollution and smog throughout california because the electric power to the trains can be produced by renewable sources like wind and solar. 8. 800 miles of track and up to 24 stations, meaning the railway will be highly accessible. 9. cheaper, faster, and more convenient travel connected to local public transportation. 10. enhanced public safety due to separation of tracks and existing roads and highways. do you think the california high - speed railway ’ s price tag matches the potential benefits?


peak time for norovirus and flu it ' s that time of year : coughing, sneezing and fever. but some people are also showing signs of norovirus. health professionals tell ynn ' s katie cummings how you can tell the difference and prevent yourself from getting sick in the first place. to view our videos, you need to install adobe flash 9 or above. install now. then come back here and refresh the page. buffalo, n. y. — as you gathered with family this past holiday, you may have also been sharing the table with germs. the erie county health department says it ’ s a peak time for norovirus and flu season. one buffalo clinic has seen a recent spike in people with flu - like symptoms, coughing, sneezing and fever. “ twenty - five to 30 patients with these kinds of complaints. before christmas. you know, we would see maybe 10 a day so easily it ' s doubled or tripled in volume, " said christopher pease, immediate care physician ' s assistant. as for norovirus, pease says there is no solid way to diagnose it ; just treat the symptoms. he says he ' s seen an increase in norovirus as well. " it primarily causes you know diarrhea, vomiting, belly pain, nauseousness, " said dr. gale burstein, erie county health commissioner. burstein says some people confuse the two illnesses, but they are very different. the flu is airborne and norovirus is transmitted in other ways. " somebody who ' s infected with norovirus might have it on their hand for some reason and you shake their hand and you might not even realize how many times a day that you touch your face, including your mouth, and so you can infect yourself, " said burstein. both health professionals say the best way to prevent the virus is to wash your hands thoroughly. " i give my kids like the 20 second rule or singing old mcdonald or something like that before you ’ re done washing your hands, but make sure you do a good job washing your hands with soap and water, " said burstein. " sneezing or coughing into the elbow, frequent hand washing, a little bit of self isolation, " said pease. staying away from loved ones can be hard during this time but both say it ’ s best since you could still be contagious and not know it. " you can start to shed virus like a day or two before you


janney fulfills its mission with a wide variety of programs that address the unique qualities of all its students. school - wide academic approaches include balanced literacy and the implementation of reading and writing workshop and everyday math. school - wide climate and culture approaches include responsive classroom and positive behavior support. balanced literacy is an instructional approach that is rooted in the belief that teachers grow great readers and writers through a gradual release structure where there is time for explicit teaching of strategies and skills, teacher modeling, and students ’ practice and application to their independent work using authentic texts. our students are given opportunities to interact with and comprehend multiple types of texts of their own choosing and are just right for them. in reader ’ s workshop, students are taught reading strategies through modeling by the teacher and have opportunities to practice and apply the strategies to their own books. students experience explicit level - and strategy - based minilessons in whole class sessions, small groups, and individual conferences as part of their learning process. our students learn what it means to be a writer through writer ’ s workshop. teachers model the use of writing crafts and structures through mentor texts by real authors and writing samples from teachers and other students. students experience explicit strategy - and craft - based writing instruction through whole class minilessons, small groups, partner conferences, and individual conferences. each student is a working author who experience the writing process – think, plan, draft, revise, and publish – to hone and develop their own craft as they work through each piece of writing. everyday mathematics is a complete kindergarten through grade 5 curriculum that embraces many traditional goals, such as mastering basic facts and computing proficiently, as well as an ambitious new goal : substantially raising expectations with respect to the amount and range of mathematics that students can learn. additionally, all students receive instruction in science and social studies both as a special and in their general education classroom, and all students take one period of art, library - book sign - out, library research, music, and physical education each week.


fri march 15, 2013 video : see comet pan - starrs dragging its tail through space originally published on fri march 15, 2013 2 : 03 pm comet pan - starrs is putting on a bit of a show for those in the northern hemisphere through the end of this month. we ' re seeing some beautiful photos, such as those taken this week by afp / getty ' s stan honda. he pointed his camera skyward near magdalena, n. m. the best viewing came earlier this week, but forbes writes that if you ' re in the northern hemisphere you ' re not too late to see pan - starrs. it offers some tips : " in order to view the comet, you ' ll need to find a spot where you have an unobstructed view of the western sky, all the way down to the horizon. try to get away from cities so you don ' t have to deal with light pollution, and cross your fingers for clear weather, because clouds will block the show. wait until about half an hour after sunset, and then look towards the west [ and to the left of the moon ].... " pan - starrs will remain in our night sky through the end of the month. each night it will appear slightly higher in the sky, and further to the east. but don ' t wait too long to get your glimpse : as march draws to a close, the light from the comet will get dimmer and dimmer. if you have a good pair of binoculars or a decent telescope, that will help. " what caught our eye today is a view of pan - starrs from space. nasa used its stereo ( solar terrestrial relations observatory ) to produce a video of panstarrs that combines two orbiting perspectives. here ' s how the space agency describes what it has created : " in early march 2013, comet pan - starrs became visible to the naked eye in the night sky in the northern hemisphere, appearing with a similar shape and brightness as a star, albeit with a trailing tail. up in space, nasa ' s stereo ( solar terrestrial relations observatory ) has an even better view. this movie, captured by the stereo - b spacecraft on march 9 - 12, shows the comet and its fluttering tail as it moves through space. the stationary planet on the right is earth, and the moving planet on the left is mercury. the material moving in from the left is solar wind streaming off the sun, which is out of view on the left. comet scientists say the tail looks


each of the 15 chapters takes you through its chosen subject matter from the basics through to more advanced features and applications. chapters 1 - 3 are an introduction to the new features and differences that appear in adobe photoshop cs3 along with a look at the changes in the user interface. they also feature a look at the basic tool sets and how to use them, which includes a look at adobe bridge, drawing tools and some of the basic methods of working with images. chapters 4, 5 & 6 look into the process of making adjustments and corrections to images as well as the acquisition of images through camera raw and bridge. they continue with a look at the process of making fine adjustments and image corrections using the healing brush and other tools as well as adjustment layers and layer masks. chapters 7 and 8 deal with image retouching and methods of using the tools in cs3 for further enhancing images using layers, cloning and brushes. layers, selections and masks are amongst the most useful and powerful of features in photoshop and are actually well deserving of an entire book dedicated just to them. one of the most useful examples provided is one where the author has used a sequence of shots of the same scene to remove unwanted people by using the automatic alignment and image stack capabilities. the extraction of image elements using a variety of tools is also quite thoroughly covered and to great effect. chapter 9 takes a look at replicating traditional darkroom effects in cs3. effects such as solarization, split toning, black & white from color, duo - tones, infrared emulation, cross processing, and the use of gradient maps. chapter 10 takes a closer general look at the use of photoshop ' s built in filter to further enhance your images. chapters 11 and 12 explain many of the intricacies of image and color management. while the former is handled largely through the use of bridge, the latter is a bit trickier. although color management can be handled to some extent using software, the use of hardware based calibrators can augment this substantially. chapters 13 and 14 continue with a look at the world of output with printing and web - based output both considered in some detail. in the former the different factors affecting the accuracy and longevity of your photographic prints are considered along with calibration and configuration. in the latter the web capabilities of photoshop cs3 are covered with attention paid to file optimization and types, watermarking and gallery chapter 15 completes the book with a look at the powerful automation capabilities built into photoshop cs3, with coverage of


it ' s well known that childhood obesity is a risk factor for chronic diseases in adulthood. but what many parents might not realize until problems arise is that overweight and obese kids and teens often have weight - related problems during childhood. kids who are considered obese ( with a body mass index, or bmi, at or above the 95th percentile ) are at risk for : obstructive sleep apnea ( blocked breathing during sleep ) breathing problems ( such as asthma and exercise intolerance ) type 2 diabetes high blood pressure ( hypertension ) bone and joint problems elevated cholesterol and triglycerides ( which are risk factors for cardiovascular problems ) anxiety, depression, low self - esteem bullying and discrimination there ' s also thought to be a connection between obesity and early puberty, especially in girls. overweight kids tend to grow faster and enter puberty earlier, and obesity might play a role in earlier onset of breast development, usually the first sign that a girl is entering puberty. what this means to you the far - reaching health problems associated with obesity have dire implications for kids right now. so it ' s vital that parents do all they can to help kids reach and maintain a healthy weight. being a good role model is a key part of this — let your kids see you eating healthy foods in appropriate serving sizes, enjoying treats in moderation, and exercising regularly. and you don ' t have to go it alone. the health care reform legislation includes $ 15 billion earmarked for public health programs designed to help prevent health problems and keep americans healthy, including $ 16 million that will go toward combating obesity and promoting fitness. another provision requires " nutrient content disclosure statements " at chain restaurants, which is significant since an estimated 84 % of parents take kids for fast food at least once a week. look for calorie counts and other nutritional breakdowns listed on in - store and drive - through menus soon. the long - term picture, of course, is still important. kids who reach a healthy weight not only have less risk for obesity - related problems, but are more likely to avoid obesity later. results of a recent study show that obese teens are 16 times more likely to become severely obese in adulthood compared with those who are normal weight or overweight. consider talking to your doctor or a nutritionist about ways to fight obesity as a family.


maisie spilled soda on her friend ' s borrowed dress. aiden tweeted a photo when tafweez tripped over his crush ' s bag and landed in her lap. tasha dropped her mom ' s favorite plate — then responded by yelling at her mom because she was so upset at her mistake. we all mess up. we ' re human, and it ' s not always easy to get along with everyone all the time. sometimes we hurt people ' s feelings without intending to. sometimes, we ' re deliberately mean and we feel bad afterward. so we apologize. an apology tells someone that we ' re sorry for the hurt we caused — even if we didn ' t do it on purpose. it ' s a way of saying we ' re aware of what we did and we ' ll try to do better in future. apologies are one of the tools we use to build good friendships and relationships. when you say " i ' m sorry " ( and really mean it ), it ' s because you probably feel bad that something you did or said hurt another person. saying you ' re sorry is more than just words. you ' re also saying that you respect the other person and you care about his or her feelings. apologizing shows you have empathy. after apologizing, you might feel a little better. the other person probably will, too. when you apologize in a caring way, you can feel good because you are trying to make things right again. what does an apology sound like? there are many ways to apologize. here are some examples : " i ' m sorry about the mean thing i said to you. " " i ' m sorry i lost your book. " " i was mad, but i shouldn ' t have called you a name. i ' m sorry. " " i ' m sorry i hurt your feelings. " " i ' m sorry i yelled at you. " " i ' m really sorry i pushed you when i was mad. that was wrong. i won ' t do it anymore. " if you lose or break something that belonged to someone else. if you did something you knew was wrong — like telling a lie or breaking a rule on purpose. if you didn ' t do something you were supposed to do — like keeping a promise or a curfew. everyone needs to apologize ( even adults ) when they do something wrong. by doing the right thing and saying " i ' m sorry, " parents and other adults set an example. this is how kids learn to apologize when


most people don ' t usually associate cancer with teens. cancer is more common in adults, so it ' s likely that you know someone who has had it, such as an older relative or someone in a friend ' s family. but teens can get some types of cancer, too. read on to learn about cancer and how it ' s treated. what is cancer? the word cancer actually refers to many diseases, not one. in fact, there are more than 100 types of diseases known collectively as cancer. what they all have in common is the overgrowth of cells, tiny units that make up all living things. cancer ( also known as malignancy, pronounced : muh - lig - nun - see ) occurs when cells begin to grow and multiply in an uncontrolled way. normal body cells grow and divide over a period of time until they eventually die. but cancer cells continue to grow and divide and grow and divide. eventually, they gather to form tumors. tumors ( pronounced : too - murz ) are lumps that can interfere with the body ' s normal processes. sometimes cells from a tumor break away and travel to a different tissue or organ. this is called metastasis ( pronounced : muh - tas - tuh - sus ). as scary as all this sounds, most cancers can be treated and controlled and many people with cancer get better and lead normal lives. no one really knows why cancer grows in certain people. scientists and researchers are working to discover why some people get cancer and others do not. this will help them to learn whether cancer can be prevented. doctors do have some ideas about why people may get cancer, though. the main reasons are genetics and certain environmental or behavioral triggers. the tendency to develop some types of cancer is believed to be inherited — that is, the genes you were born with might carry a predisposition for cancer. for example, if a close relative has had cancer of the breast or the colon, you may be more likely to inherit the tendency to develop those cancers, even though you may never actually get them. some behavioral and environmental triggers can cause changes in the body ' s cells that push them into a cancerous state. for example, cigarettes are known to increase the risk of lung cancer. too much exposure to the sun can increase the risk of skin cancer. these types of triggers act on the body slowly over time, so the cancers that may result from them don ' t show up until a person is an adult. that ' s one reason


much exposure to the sun can increase the risk of skin cancer. these types of triggers act on the body slowly over time, so the cancers that may result from them don ' t show up until a person is an adult. that ' s one reason why teens don ' t get the same types of cancers as adults do. doctors do know for sure that cancer itself is not contagious, so you don ' t have to worry about catching it from someone else or spreading it to another person ( although people with certain infectious diseases such as aids or hepatitis are more vulnerable to certain cancers ). cancer is also never a person ' s fault. it ' s simply not true that a person may have done something wrong to get the disease. the first sign of cancer is a symptom — a signal that something is wrong. there are many different signs that a person may have cancer, just as there are many different forms of the disease. a few of the more common symptoms of cancer include : swelling or lumps in certain parts of the body, such as the abdomen or neck problems with walking or balance only you know how your body works and what you feel like when you ' re healthy. if you haven ' t been feeling well, it ' s best to tell an adult who can make sure you see a doctor who will evaluate your symptoms. cancer, like most illnesses, is easier to treat when it ' s found early, so when in doubt, check it out. when cancer is suspected, doctors will order various tests. these might include blood tests, in which blood cells are examined under a microscope for problems, x - rays, or an mri, a test that can be used to detect tumors. a doctor who specializes in treating people with cancer is called an oncologist ( pronounced : ahn - kah - luh - jist ). they often use a biopsy ( pronounced : bye - op - see ) to diagnose cancer. in this procedure, a doctor removes a small tissue sample to examine it for cancer cells. most cancers can be treated, especially the types of cancers teens are likely to get. the number of people who beat cancer goes up every year because of new cancer treatments. the three common methods for treating cancer are : surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. because cancer is different in each patient, each person ' s treatment plan will be individually designed for him or her. someone with cancer may undergo any one of these treatments or a combination of them. surgery removes cancerous tissue. depending on the


radiation. because cancer is different in each patient, each person ' s treatment plan will be individually designed for him or her. someone with cancer may undergo any one of these treatments or a combination of them. surgery removes cancerous tissue. depending on the location of the cancer, surgery can be simple or complex, so the operation may be an outpatient procedure ( where someone is in and out of the hospital on the same day ) or may require that the person stay in the hospital. generally, the surgeon removes the cancerous tissue along with a small amount of the healthy tissue surrounding it to make sure that all the cancer is removed and has not spread. the treatment of cancer using medication is called chemotherapy. certain cancers respond well to chemo, which often can be given on an outpatient basis. someone who is having chemotherapy may experience nausea, fatigue, hair loss, or other side effects. some of these side effects happen because chemo medicines may destroy some healthy cells in the process of getting rid of the malignant cells. in time, these healthy cells will start to grow again and most of the side effects will disappear. radiation, or radiotherapy, is another method of treating cancer. a person getting radiation for cancer will probably be treated by a radiation oncologist, someone who specializes in using radiation to kill cancer cells. radiotherapy machines deliver powerful x - rays or high - energy electrons to the part of the body that ' s affected by cancer. after repeated doses of high levels of radiation, many cancerous tumors shrink or disappear. radiation therapy is generally painless, but there may be some side effect, ssuch as fatigue, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. some patients complain that the area of skin that ' s irradiated feels sunburned. but most of these side effects are temporary. coping with cancer and cancer treatments can disrupt a person ' s life for a while. people with cancer often need to get support from lots of different places to take care of the things they have to get done. for example, teens with cancer may need the help of a home tutor to get schoolwork done and adults with cancer may need help with housework or their jobs. and lots of people talk to therapists or professional counselors about the emotional side of dealing with a health problem. you may hear doctors talk about a prognosis for someone with cancer. a prognosis is an estimate of how well that person ' s treatment is working and how likely it is that the cancer will come back. after surgery or


if you ' re into sports, you ' ve seen it happen. you ' ve probably even experienced it : football players shaking hands after four quarters of knocking each other around. tennis players leaping over the net to shake hands with their opponents after a hard - fought match. soccer players exchanging jerseys after an intense 90 minutes. even boxers touching gloves at the beginning of each round, then hugging each other after beating each other into a pulp for 12 rounds. it seems like competitors in every event, from spelling bees to hockey, behave this way. what ' s going on? it ' s all part of sportsmanship, a great tradition in sports and competition that means playing clean and handling both victory and defeat with grace, style, and dignity. what is sportsmanship? sportsmanship is defined as : following the rules of the game respecting the judgment of referees and officials treating opponents with respect some people define good sportsmanship as the " golden rule " of sports — in other words, treating the people you play with and against as you ' d like to be treated yourself. you demonstrate good sportsmanship when you show respect for yourself, your teammates, and your opponents, for the coaches on both sides, and for the referees, judges, and other officials. but sportsmanship isn ' t just reserved for the people on the field. cheerleaders, fans, and parents also need to be aware of how they behave during competition. sportsmanship is a style and an attitude, and it can have a positive influence on everyone around you. in the last few years, taunting, trash - talking, gloating, and cheap shots have become all too common in sports. you ' ve probably seen athletes who take their own successes too seriously, too. they celebrate a goal with a prolonged victory dance or constantly brag about their abilities. this is the exact opposite of what sportsmanship is all about. this kind of behavior might make you feel tough or intimidating to an opponent, but keep in mind it can also cause you to lose the match. plenty of games have been lost to penalties gathered from " unsportsmanlike conduct. " everyone feels great when they win, but it can be just as hard to be a good sport when you ' ve won a game as when you ' ve lost one. good sportsmanship takes maturity and courage — when you work really hard at a sport, it ' s not easy to admit you made a bad play or that someone has more skills than you. in competition — as in life — you may not always win but you


a difficult situation or someone ' s threatening you, seek help immediately from your coach or from an official. remember, too, that if you respond with violence you could get penalized, which could hurt your chances of winning. cheer your teammates on with positive statements — and avoid trash - talking the other team. acknowledge and applaud good plays, even when someone on the other team makes them. when officials make a call, accept it gracefully even if it goes against you. remember that referees may not be right every time — but they ' re people who are doing their best, just as you are. whether you win or lose, congratulate your opponents on a game well played. good sportsmanship means not having a " win at any cost " attitude. most athletes who don ' t have a " win at any cost " attitude are more likely to talk about how much they love their sport and how much personal satisfaction and enjoyment they get from participation. most people won ' t go on to play professional sports, and only a few will win scholarships to play at college. but many forget to have a good time during the years they do play because they ' re so focused on winning. and, unfortunately, parents and coaches sometimes put too much pressure on athletes, emphasizing winning at all costs. so although it ' s great to be a champion, it ' s even better to have enjoyed the process of trying to reach the top. it ' s best to play fair while having fun. sportsmanship off the field learning good sportsmanship means finding that the positive attitude learned on the field carries over into other areas of life. at school, for example, you ' re able to appreciate the contributions made by classmates and know how to work as part of a team to complete a project. you may enjoy more success at work as well, because a big part of learning good sportsmanship is learning to be respectful of others, including customers and coworkers.


peanuts are among the most common allergy - causing foods, and they often find their way into things you wouldn ' t imagine. take chili, for example : it may be thickened with ground peanuts. peanuts aren ' t actually a true nut ; they ' re a legume ( in the same family as peas and lentils ). but the proteins in peanuts are similar in structure to those in tree nuts. for this reason, people who are allergic to peanuts can also be allergic to tree nuts, such as almonds, brazil nuts, walnuts, hazelnuts, macadamias, pistachios, pecans, and cashews. what happens with a nut or peanut allergy? the body ' s immune system normally fights infection. but, when someone is allergic to tree nuts or peanuts, the immune system overreacts to proteins in these foods. every time the person eats ( or, in some cases, handles or breathes in ) a peanut or tree nut, the body thinks the proteins are harmful invaders. the immune system responds by kicking into high gear to fend off the " invader. " this causes an allergic reaction, in which chemicals like histamine are released in the body. the release of these chemicals can cause someone to have the following problems : itchy, watery, or swollen eyes a drop in blood pressure reactions to foods, like peanuts and tree nuts, can be different. it all depends on the person — and sometimes the same person can react differently at different times. nut and peanut allergies can cause a severe reaction called. anaphylaxis may begin with some of the same symptoms as a less severe reaction, but then quickly worsen, leading someone to have trouble breathing, feel lightheaded, or to pass out. if it is not treated, anaphylaxis can be life threatening. although a small amount of peanut protein can set off a severe reaction, it is rare that people get an allergic reaction just from breathing in small particles of nuts or peanuts. most foods with peanuts in them don ' t allow enough of the protein to escape into the air to cause a reaction. and just the smell of foods containing peanuts won ' t produce a reaction because the scent does not contain the protein. in the few cases when people do react to airborne particles, it ' s usually in an enclosed area ( like a restaurant or bar ) where lots of peanuts are being cracked from their shells. although some people outgrow certain food allergies over time


the few cases when people do react to airborne particles, it ' s usually in an enclosed area ( like a restaurant or bar ) where lots of peanuts are being cracked from their shells. although some people outgrow certain food allergies over time ( like milk, egg, soy, and wheat allergies ), peanut and tree nut allergies are lifelong in most people. if allergy testing shows that someone has a peanut or tree nut allergy, a doctor will provide guidelines on what to do. the only real way to treat a nut allergy is to avoid peanuts and tree nuts. avoiding nuts means more than just not eating them. it also means not eating any foods that might contain tree nuts or peanuts as ingredients. the best way to be sure a food is nut free is to read the label. manufacturers of foods sold in the united states have to state on their labels whether foods contain peanuts or tree nuts. check the ingredients list first. after checking the ingredients list, look on the label for phrases like these : " may contain nuts " " produced on shared equipment with nuts or peanuts " " produced in a facility that also processes nuts " people who are allergic to nuts also have to avoid foods with these statements on the label. although these foods might not use nut ingredients, the warnings are there to let people know the food may contain traces of nuts. that can happen through something called " cross - contamination, " when nuts get into a food product because it is made or served in a place that uses nuts in other foods. some of the highest - risk foods for people with peanut or tree nut allergy include : cookies and baked goods. even if baked goods don ' t contain nut ingredients, it is possible that they came into contact with peanut or tree nuts through cross - contamination. unless you know exactly what went into a food and where it was made, it ' s safest to avoid store - bought or bakery cookies and other baked goods. candy. candies made by small bakeries or manufacturers ( or homemade candies ) may contain nuts as a hidden ingredient. the safest plan is to eat only candies made by major manufacturers whose labels show they are safe. ice cream. unfortunately, cross - contamination is common in ice cream parlors because of shared scoops. it ' s also a possibility in soft - serve ice cream, custard, or yogurt places because the same dispensing machine is often used for lots of different flavors. instead, do as you would for candy :


##ergy ( or any kind of life - threatening food allergy ), the doctor will want that person to carry an epinephrine ( pronounced : eh - puh - neh - frin ) auto - injector in case of an emergency. epinephrine comes in an easy - to - carry container about the size of a large marker. it ' s easy to use — if you need to carry epinephrine, your doctor will show you how to use it. keeping epinephrine on hand at all times should be just part of your action plan for living with a peanut or tree nut allergy. it ' s also a good idea to carry an over - the - counter ( otc ) antihistamine as this can help treat mild allergy symptoms. use antihistamines in addition to — not as a replacement for — the epinephrine shot in life - threatening reactions, and always use the epinephrine shot as the first treatment. get emergency care after epinephrine is used, because a second reaction can happen up to 4 hours or even longer after the first reaction. living with allergies can seem hard at times. but as more and more people are diagnosed with food allergies, businesses and individuals are increasingly aware of the risks people with food allergies face. if friends you ' re visiting or eating lunch with don ' t know about your allergy, tell them in plenty of time to make some simple preparations ( such as not sharing your drink after eating that peanut butter sandwich! ). chances are, they ' ll understand. as your friends they probably hope you ' ll be as considerate when it comes to taking care of them!


the reality is this : the stats in the title of this article are not surprising to the african american community because : - 54 % of african americans graduate from high school, compared to more than three quarters of white and asian students. - nationally, african american male students in grades k - 12 were nearly 2½ times as likely to be suspended from school in 2000 as white students. - in 2007, nearly 6. 2 million young people were high school dropouts. every student who does not complete high school costs our society an estimated $ 260, 000 in lost earnings, taxes, and productivity. - on average, african american twelfth - grade students read at the same level as white eighth - grade students. - the twelfth - grade reading scores of african american males were significantly lower than those for men and women across every other racial and ethnic group. - only 14 % of african american eighth graders score at or above the proficient level. these results reveal that millions of young people cannot understand or evaluate text, provide relevant details, or support inferences about the written documents they read. - the majority of the 2. 3 million people incarcerated in u. s. prisons and jails are people of color, people with mental health issues and drug addiction, people with low levels of educational attainment, and people with a history of unemployment or underemployment. in march, colorado came close to becoming the 19th state to abolish the death penalty, but the bill failed after gov. john hickenlooper ( d ) voiced opposition and suggested a possible veto. a few months later, colorado ’ s death penalty is still firmly in place, and the state is poised to complete what would be only the second execution in 45 years ( the last was in 1997 ). few dispute that nathan dunlap committed a horrific crime and murdered several people at a chuck e. cheese. but judges, university professors, and other prominent state leaders are urging gov. hickenlooper to commute dunlap ’ s sentence, both because crucial errors that defined his trial may have led him to get a harsher sentence than others, and because killing anyone under the perverted state system would be a miscarriage of justice. according to letters filed with hickenlooper ’ s office : - all three people on death row are black men. in a state that is only 4. 3 % african american, colorado ’ s death row is 100 % african american. - all three men on death are from the same one county, out of colorado ’ s 64


on death row are black men. in a state that is only 4. 3 % african american, colorado ’ s death row is 100 % african american. - all three men on death are from the same one county, out of colorado ’ s 64. - all three men committed their crime when they were under the age of 21. - two law professors who studied colorado ’ s application of the death penalty concluded it was unconstitutional, after finding that prosecutors pursue the death penalty in less than one percent of the cases where it is an option, and that the state failed to set “ clear statutory standards for distinguishing between the few who are executed and the many who commit murder. ” “ it appears that race, geography and youth largely determines who gets the death penalty in colorado, ” wrote a group of naacp leaders in a letter urging gov. hickenlooper to grant clemency. they note that not a single black juror served on the panel that sentenced dunlap to death. in addition to the injustices that define the colorado system, a group of former colorado judges also point out that dunlap ’ s bipolar disorder and psychotic tendencies were not even mentioned at trial. in fact, according to their letter, dunlap ’ s lawyer told the jury that there was no explanation for his violence. the judges add that “ no clear evidence exists that the death penalty deters violent crime. what it does in our current system, as in this case, is to drain our judicial system of millions of dollars as mandatory appeals drag on for decades. ” studies have shown that the death penalty does not lower the homicide rate. in fact, the murder rate is lower in states without the death penalty. hickenlooper says he continues to wrestle with the death penalty, and whether to commute dunlap ’ s sentence. - shooting victim ’ s mom to hickenlooper : execute nathan dunlap ( kdvr. com ) - in colorado, blacks make up 4 percent of the population and 100 percent of death row ( thinkprogress. org. feedsportal. com ) - carroll : gov. hickenlooper boxed in on nathan dunlap ( denverpost. com ) - hickenlooper set to discuss looming dunlap execution with defense team, prosecutors ( kdvr. com ) - lethal interjections? politics a motivating issue in clemency request for nathan dunlap ( aurorasentinel. com )


by dasha afanasieva london ( reuters ) - an ambitious british plan to search for minute forms of life in an ancient lake beneath antarctica ' s ice has been suspended because of technical problems, the scientist leading the project said on thursday. in a move that clears the way for u. s. and russian teams to take the lead, professor martin siegert said technical problems and a lack of fuel had forced the closure on christmas day of the 7 - million - pound ( $ 11 million ) project, which was looking for life forms and climate change clues in the lake - bed sediment. " this is of course, hugely frustrating for us, but we have learned a lot this year, " said siegert of the university of bristol, principal investigator for the mission, which was headed by the british antarctic survey ( bas ). " by the end, the equipment was working well, and much of it has now been fully field - tested, " he said on the bas website. experts from britain ' s lake ellsworth mission had expected to find minute forms of life in the lake three km ( two miles ) under antarctica ' s ice, the most remote and extreme environment known on earth. they had also hoped that by dating bits of seashell found in the water they would have been able to ascertain when the ice sheet last broke up and to better understand the risks of it happening again. scientists from the united states and russia are hot on britain ' s heels when it comes to drilling through antarctic ice to lakes that have been hidden for thousands of years. the u. s. team is aiming to start drilling in lake whillans, one of 360 known sub - glacial lakes in antarctica, in january or february 2013. russia was the first to pierce 3, 769 meters ( 12, 365 ft ) of solid ice to reach lake vostok early in 2012. but some scientists believe their samples may have been contaminated by drilling fluids. the british scientists decided to abandon the mission after trying for 20 hours to connect two holes in the ice that were needed for the hot - water drill to work, said a bas spokeswoman. without a connection between the two holes, the hot water would seep into the porous surface layers of ice and be lost, reducing the pressure and rendering the drill ineffective. the team tried to melt and dig more snow to compensate for the water loss, but without success. as a result of the extra time taken to fix the problem, fuel stocks had been depleted to such a level as to


at a glance why get tested? when to get tested? during a routine physical or when you have symptoms of a uti, such as abdominal pain, back pain, frequent or painful urination ; as part of a pregnancy check - up, a hospital admission, or a pre - surgical work - up one to two ounces of urine ; first morning sample is most valuable. test preparation needed? the test sample what is being tested? a urinalysis is a group of chemical and microscopic tests. they detect the byproducts of normal and abnormal metabolism, cells, cellular fragments, and bacteria in urine. urine is produced by the kidneys, two fist - sized organs located on either side of the spine at the bottom of the ribcage. the kidneys filter wastes out of the blood, help regulate the amount of water in the body, and conserve proteins, electrolytes, and other compounds that the body can reuse. anything that is not needed is excreted in the urine, traveling from the kidneys through ureters to the bladder and then through the urethra and out of the body. urine is generally yellow and relatively clear, but each time someone urinates, the color, quantity, concentration, and content of the urine will be slightly different because of varying constituents. many disorders can be diagnosed in their early stages by detecting abnormalities in the urine. abnormalities include increased concentrations of constituents that are not usually found in significant quantities in the urine, such as : glucose, protein, bilirubin, red blood cells, white blood cells, crystals, and bacteria. they may be present because : - there are elevated concentrations of the substance in the blood and the body is trying to decrease blood levels by " dumping " them in the urine. - kidney disease has made the kidneys less effective at filtering. - there is a urinary tract infection present, as in the case of bacteria and white blood cells. a complete urinalysis consists of three distinct testing phases : - visual examination, which evaluates the urine ' s color, clarity, and concentration. - chemical examination, which tests chemically for about 9 substances that provide valuable information about health and disease. - microscopic examination, which identifies and counts the type of cells, casts, crystals, and other components, such as bacteria and mucus, that can be present in urine. the first two phases of urinalysis may be completed in the laboratory or doctor ' s office. a microscopic examination is then performed if there is an abnormal


, and other components, such as bacteria and mucus, that can be present in urine. the first two phases of urinalysis may be completed in the laboratory or doctor ' s office. a microscopic examination is then performed if there is an abnormal finding on the visual or chemical examination, or if the doctor specifically orders it. how is the sample collected for testing? urine for a urinalysis can be collected at any time. the first morning sample is considered the most valuable because it is more concentrated and more likely to yield abnormalities if present. it is important to clean the genitalia before collecting urine. bacteria and cells from the surrounding skin can contaminate the sample and interfere with the interpretation of test results. with women, menstrual blood and vaginal secretions can also be a source of contamination. women should spread the labia of the vagina and clean from front to back ; men should wipe the tip of the penis. start to urinate, let some urine fall into the toilet, then collect one to two ounces of urine in the container provided, then void the rest into the toilet. this type of collection is called a " midstream collection " or a " clean catch. " a urine sample will only be useful for a urinalysis if taken to the doctor ' s office or laboratory for processing within a short period of time. if it will be longer than an hour between collection and transport time, then the urine should be refrigerated or a preservative may be added. note : if undergoing medical tests makes you or someone you care for anxious, embarrassed, or even difficult to manage, you might consider reading one or more of the following articles : coping with test pain, discomfort, and anxiety, tips on blood testing, tips to help children through their medical tests, and tips to help the elderly through their medical tests. another article, follow that sample, provides a glimpse at the collection and processing of a blood sample and throat culture. is any test preparation needed to ensure the quality of the sample? no advance test preparation is needed. however, at the time of sample collection, follow instructions for a clean catch urine sample as stated above. ask a laboratory scientist this form enables you to ask specific questions about your tests. your questions will be answered by a laboratory scientist as part of a voluntary service provided by one of our partners, american society for clinical laboratory science. if your questions are not related to your lab tests, please submit them via our contact us form. thank you


questions will be answered by a laboratory scientist as part of a voluntary service provided by one of our partners, american society for clinical laboratory science. if your questions are not related to your lab tests, please submit them via our contact us form. thank you. * indicates a required field note : this article is based on research that utilizes the sources cited here as well as the collective experience of the lab tests online editorial review board. this article is periodically reviewed by the editorial board and may be updated as a result of the review. any new sources cited will be added to the list and distinguished from the original sources used. sources used in current review coad, s. et. al. ( 2012 may 16 ). understanding urinalysis, clues for the obstetrician - gynecologist. medscape today news [ on - line information ]. available online at http : / / www. medscape. com / viewarticle / 763579 through http : / / www. medscape. com. accessed october 2012. ( 2012 may 24 ). urinary tract infections in adults. national kidney and urologic diseases information clearinghouse, niddk. [ on - line information ]. available online at http : / / kidney. niddk. nih. gov / kudiseases / pubs / utiadult / index. aspx through http : / / kidney. niddk. nih. gov. accessed october 2012. ( © 1995 - 2012 ). urinalysis, complete, includes microscopic. mayo clinic mayo medical laboratories [ on - line information ]. available online at http : / / www. mayomedicallaboratories. com / test - catalog / overview / 9308 through http : / / www. mayomedicallaboratories. com. accessed october 2012. lin, j. ( updated 2012 march 16 ). specific gravity. medscape reference [ on - line information ]. available online at http : / / emedicine. medscape. com / article / 2090711 - overview # showall through http : / / www. medscape. com. accessed october 2012. peacock, p. and sinert, r. management of acute complications of acute renal failure. medscape reference [ on - line information ]. available online at http : / / emedicine. medscape. com / article / 777845 - overview # a1 through http : /


acute complications of acute renal failure. medscape reference [ on - line information ]. available online at http : / / emedicine. medscape. com / article / 777845 - overview # a1 through http : / / www. medscape. com. accessed october 2012. szczech, l. ( 2011 november 1 ). a simple test with major implications for kidney function. medscape today news [ on - line information ]. available online at http : / / www. medscape. com / viewarticle / 752171 through http : / / www. medscape. com. accessed october 2012 pagana, k. d. & pagana, t. j. ( © 2011 ). mosby ' s diagnostic and laboratory test reference 10th edition : mosby, inc., saint louis, mo. pp 1000 - 1004. clarke, w., editor ( © 2011 ). contemporary practice in clinical chemistry 2nd edition : aacc press, washington, dc. pp 397 - 408. sources used in previous reviews thomas, clayton l., editor ( 1997 ). taber ' s cyclopedic medical dictionary. f. a. davis company, philadelphia, pa [ 18th edition ]. pagana, kathleen d. & pagana, timothy j. ( 2001 ). mosby ' s diagnostic and laboratory test reference 5th edition : mosby, inc., saint louis, mo. nancy a. brunzel, ms, cls ( nca ). department of laboratory medicine and pathology, university of minnesota, minneapolis, mn. pagana, kathleen d. & pagana, timothy j. ( © 2007 ). mosby ' s diagnostic and laboratory test reference 8th edition : mosby, inc., saint louis, mo. pp. 968 - 980. clarke, w. and dufour, d. r., editors ( 2006 ). contemporary practice in clinical chemistry, aacc press, washington, dc. pp. 339 - 350. thomas, clayton l., editor ( 1997 ). taber ' s cyclopedic medical dictionary. f. a. davis company, philadelphia, pa [ 18th edition ]. pp. 2038 - 2042. ( 2007 august ). your urinary system and how it works. national kidney and urologic diseases information clearinghouse [ on - line information ]. available online at http : / / kidney. niddk. nih.


##2. ( 2007 august ). your urinary system and how it works. national kidney and urologic diseases information clearinghouse [ on - line information ]. available online at http : / / kidney. niddk. nih. gov / kudiseases / pubs / yoururinary / through http : / / kidney. niddk. nih. gov. accessed on 12 / 16 / 08. vorvick, l. ( 2008 may 5 ). urinalysis. medlineplus medical encyclopedia [ on - line information ]. available online at http : / / www. nlm. nih. gov / medlineplus / ency / article / 003579. htm. accessed on 12 / 16 / 08. ( 2005 november, revised ). approach to the renal patient. merck manual for healthcare professionals [ on - line information ]. available online at http : / / www. merck. com / mmpe / sec17 / ch226 / ch226b. html # sec17 - ch226 - ch226b - 21 through http : / / www. merck. com. accessed on 12 / 16 / 08. tietz textbook of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. burtis ca, ashwood er and bruns de, eds. 4th ed. st. louis, missouri : elsevier saunders ; 2006, pp. 808 - 812. henry ' s clinical diagnosis and management by laboratory methods. 21st ed. mcpherson ra and pincus mr, eds. philadelphia : 2007, pp. 409 - 419.


natural resources law this course provides a survey introduction to federal natural resources law, with an emphasis on living resources. in a mixed lecture and seminar format, we will examine the theoretical conflicts that underlie various approaches to resource management, as well as the special qualities of natural resource problems that render management efforts so difficult. topics will include the legal treatment of wildlife and biodiversity, living marine resources, water, forests, protected public lands, and an introduction to energy law. throughout the course, we will probe the interplay between environmental, economic, cultural, and political factors in natural resource decision making. in lieu of a final exam, students will produce a 20 - page final paper and participate in a weekly online discussion group. please note that the paper will not meet the wie or capstone requirement. this is a survey course that focuses on the non - public land aspects of natural resources law. the course explores the field of natural resources law on a function - by - function approach, looking at how nature is divided into use rights, allocating those use rights, resolving conflicts over use rights, integrating use rights into landscapes, and adjusting and reallocating use rights over time. the class will also consider which use rights spring from land ownership, and which are severed, available for separate acquisition. the focus is mostly on state law with an examination of numerous natural resources, including water, wildlife, oil and gas, and mining, and even ice and seaweed.


april 5, 2009 study sheds new light on young - adult and religious attitudes toward same - sex marriage a recent analysis of public opinion data by the organization public religion research reveals some interesting findings about americans ' attitudes toward same - sex marriage : - younger americans are much more supportive of marriage equality. almost half ( 46 % ) of young adults ( age 18 - 34 ) support same - sex marriage, compared to less than a third ( 29 % ) of all americans. - attitudes on same - sex marriage are shifting significantly among young people. in 2006, the american values survey found that 37 % of young adults ( 18 - 34 ) supported same - sex marriage. two years later, almost half ( 46 % ) of young adults now support same - sex marriage, an increase of 9 points. - support for same - sex marriage is significant among some young religious americans. among young ( 18 - 34 ) white mainline protestants and catholics, close to half ( 48 % and 44 % respectively ) support same - sex marriage. among young evangelicals ( 18 - 34 ), a majority favor either same - sex marriage ( 24 % ) or civil unions ( 28 % ), compared to a majority ( 58 % ) of evangelicals overall who favor no legal recognition of gay couples ’ relationships. - having close friends and family members who are gay or lesbian increases support for same - sex marriage. among americans who are gay or lesbian or have a close friend or family member who is gay or lesbian, nearly half ( 48 % ) say they support same - sex marriage. among those who have more distant relationships with gay or lesbian people ( i. e. acquaintance, coworker ), support drops to just 30 %. and among those with no relationship with a gay or lesbian person support for same - sex marriage is only 14 %. - addressing religious liberty concerns significantly increases support for same - sex marriage. when asked whether they would support allowing gay couples to marry “ if the law guaranteed that no church or congregation would be required to perform marriages for gay couples, ” support for legalized same - sex marriage climbed 14 points, from 29 % to 43 %. - religious groups that are more likely to hear negative messages about homosexuality are far more likely to oppose same - sex marriage. white evangelicals, for example, hear much more negative messages about homosexuality than white mainline protestants. the difference between these two groups on support for marriage equality is stark. nearly 6 - in - 10 ( 58 % ) white evangelicals say there should be no legal recognition for gay and lesbian couples


christopher c. brown, professor, reference technology integration librarian we can think of the history of penrose library in terms of three historic phases of library - wide technology. phase i – card catalog days when penrose library opened in 1972 the most noticeable feature on the main level would have been the expansive card catalog furniture. access to books was available via the “ dictionary catalog. ” users could explore the penrose collection by author, title, subject, or series, but that was all. since keyword searching didn ’ t exist, all searches were “ left anchored ” phrase searching, meaning that the filing and lookup element was the left - most part of the term. authors names had to be inverted, of course, just like in a phone book ( another relic of the past! ). for title searching users had to omit initial articles ( a, an, the ). phase ii – the online catalog what a revolution the online catalog was! in the late 1980s penrose went live with the carl online catalog. the technology shift here was the fact that library catalogers didn ’ t have to sit at typewritters hammering out numerous catalog cards. instead, libraries could download records from a shared ( union ) cataloging source, such as the online computer library center ( oclc ). the transformational technology for public users was the ability to search library catalog records by keyword. no longer was access only possible by left - anchored phrase searching, the online environment enabled searching keywords across any searchable field, including author, title, subjects, and notes. phase iii – full discovery as revolutionary as keyword searching was, it paled in significance when compared with web search engines, full text digitization projects, and library discovery tools, such as summon ( which penrose library uses ). think of it this way : a very high percentange of the books penrose library owns are full - text searchable through one or more of the existing book scanning projects ( google books, hathitrust, and the internet archive ). whereas in phase ii library catalog records are searchable – in figure 2 above fewer than 20 words are searchable for a 290 page book – every word is searchable in the full text digital projects mentioned above. even if copyright restrictions prohibit viewing or downloading most entire works, nevertheless, with every word searchable in the not - so - distant future, deep discovery can take place in a manner never before imagined. penrose library was initially built at the end phase i, and when the academic commons re


cells that lack a membrane - bound nucleus are called prokaryotes ( from the greek meaning before nuclei ). these cells have few internal structures that are distinguishable under a microscope. cells in the monera kingdom such as bacteria and cyanobacteria ( also known as blue - green algae ) are prokaryotes. prokaryotic cells differ significantly from eukaryotic cells. they don ' t have a membrane - bound nucleus and instead of having chromosomal dna, their genetic information is in a circular loop called a plasmid. bacterial cells are very small, roughly the size of an animal mitochondrion ( about 1 - 2µm in diameter and 10 µm long ). prokaryotic cells feature three major shapes : rod shaped, spherical, and spiral. instead of going through elaborate replication processes like eukaryotes, bacterial cells divide by binary fission. diagram of a prokaryotic cell. notice the internal organelles are not easily distinguishable. bacteria perform many important functions on earth. they serve as decomposers, agents of fermentation, and play an important role in our own digestive system. also, bacteria are involved in many nutrient cycles such as the nitrogen cycle, which restores nitrate into the soil for plants. unlike eukaryotic cells that depend on oxygen for their metabolism, prokaryotic cells enjoy a diverse array of metabolic functions. for example, some bacteria use sulfur instead of oxygen in


table of contents collection overview + / - collection inventory + / - biographical note / historical note + / - fraktur is both a style of lettering and a highly artistic and elaborate illuminated folk art created by the pennsylvania dutch ( also known as pennsylvania deitsch or pennsylvanian german ). most fraktur were created between 1740 and 1860. fraktur drawings were executed in ink and / or watercolors and are found in a wide variety of forms : the vorschriften ( writing samples ), the taufscheine ( birth and baptismal certificates ), marriage and house blessings, book plates, and floral and figurative scenes. the earlier fraktur were executed entirely by hand, while printed text became increasingly common in later examples. common artistic motifs in fraktur include birds, hearts, and tulips, as well as blackletter and italic calligraphy. content description + / - this collection contains a hand drawn fraktur with the marriage of anne peebles to john b. anderson. collection use + / - restrictions on access : open to public research. administrative information + / - this collection is arrranged by subject group. this collection is unprocessed. this collection was processed by a special collections processor. collection materials are in english. library services and technology act ( lsta ) grant, 2007 - 2008 language of the finding aid : finding guide is in english in latin script. author of the finding aid : finding aid created by sarah langsdon. ead creation date : finding aid based on dacs ( describing archives : a content standard ).