tomorrow finally marks the end of the 2012 atlantic hurricane season — and it ’ s been one for the record books. as the national oceanic and atmospheric administration ( noaa ) reports today, this season produced 19 names storms, 10 of which became hurricanes and one that became a major hurricane. the sheer number of named storms is well above the average of 12, but the number of major hurricanes was below the average of three. altogether, it was enough for noaa to classify the 2012 season as above - normal — though not exceptionally so. you ’ re probably assuming that the one major hurricane was sandy — but you ’ d be wrong. the only storm above a category 1 or 2 was hurricane michael, a category 3 storm that never made landfall. sandy, despite the destruction it left, was a category 2 at its strongest, and was only a category 1 when it made landfall in the u. s. it ’ s another reminder that the timing and location of a hurricane matters just as much — if not more — than its sheer strength. it ’ s also a sign that the 2012 season could have been much worse — this marks the seventh consecutive year that no major hurricane ( category 3 or above ) hit the u. s. but before we consign the 2012 hurricane season to history, check out the noaa video above that shows every storm — crunched down to less than five minutes


what is scrapbooking? scrapbooking has been around since victorian times, and has evolved into as many different forms as there are personality types. basically, it involves the preservation of information by compiling photos, memorabilia and written words into a book in order to to tell a story or relay memories. how is scrapbooking accomplished? scrapbooking almost always involves photos and written words ( journaling ), but it can also include as many other components as the creator desires. some common scrapbook additions include memorabilia ( like ticket stubs, news clippings, maps, etc. ), specialty papers and other decorations like ribbons or buttons – the possibilities are limitless! once all of the elements needed for the scrapbook are gathered, they are assembled in a pleasing way and adhered to a scrapbook page. journaling is then added to relay information about the contents of the page. finally, pages are included in specially designed albums or sometimes they can be displayed in other ways ; like in a picture frame. what supplies are needed to get started in scrapbooking? most scrapbooking starts with photographs that have meaning behind them ( although, a story can still be told even if there are no photos ). it is also great if there are other keepsakes to include along with the photos in the scrapbook ( a first place ribbon to go with the pie baking contest photo, for example ). next, there needs to be something to preserve the mementos in, which is usually in the form of a scrapbook album. there are countless styles of scrapbooks on the market ; some are completely blank and ready to be decorated and some come already decorated and just need photos added. once an album is chosen, the memorabilia can be arranged and adhered in the album in a way that appeals to the scrapbooker. there are vastly differing approaches to this step, because what is appealing differs from person to person. some take a very minimalist approach, while others use many embellishments to decorate their pages. the very minimum supplies needed for this step are the pages and an adhesive ( there are many types of adhesive on the market that are specifically designed for scrapbooking ). take a stroll down the aisles of the local scrapbook store ( lss ), and it will soon be discovered that there are plenty more options available as well! now all that is left to be done is the journaling. this often includes a title for the page ( like : “ tom ’ s first day of school ”


, and it will soon be discovered that there are plenty more options available as well! now all that is left to be done is the journaling. this often includes a title for the page ( like : “ tom ’ s first day of school ” ) and some words to provide further information ( like the date and a description of the day ’ s highlights ). there are several ways to add the journaling ; from simply writing it on the page by hand to using stickers with words or letters on them or even printing out journaling that has been typed on a computer. depending on the method of journaling, the supplies needed can vary. the most basic supply would be a pen specifically designed for scrapbooking, which resists fading and won ’ t damage photos. are acid - free and lignin - free supplies best? because so much time and effort is involved in the process of scrapbooking, it is recommended that you choose supplies that are safe for use with photos and memorabilia. many scrapbookers consider it very important to make sure that albums, papers, decorative elements and adhesives used are acid and lignin free so that they will preserve, not destroy the scrapbook contents, especially if the items on the page are irreplaceable. that being said, i often find it very freeing to use all kinds of things that inspire me on my scrapbook pages ; many of which are not considered safe for “ archival ” purposes. this allows my artistic, creative side to take over and not be stifled by limited options. i am usually using photos that i have digital copies of anyway, which can easily be reproduced if something were to happen to my scrapbook page. i also often photograph my final scrapbook page, so that i have a digital copy, in case the original fades or is damaged in some way in the future. so, just be sure so think carefully about what you use on your pages so that they will stand the test of time!


metamorphic rocks and minerals this activity was selected for the on the cutting edge reviewed teaching collection this activity has received positive reviews in a peer review process involving five review categories. the five categories included in the process are - scientific accuracy - alignment of learning goals, activities, and assessments - pedagogic effectiveness - robustness ( usability and dependability of all components ) - completeness of the activitysheet web page for more information about the peer review process itself, please see http : / / serc. carleton. edu / nagtworkshops / review. html. this page first made public : aug 7, 2006 this exercise is an introduction to the most important metamorphic rocks and minerals. this exercise is designed for a mid / upper - level undergraduate geology course on the principles of mineralogy. skills and concepts that students must have mastered students should have knowledge of basic chemistry and of minerals equivalent to what they would learn in an introductory geology class. how the activity is situated in the course this activity is the 19th of 36 mineralogy exercises and is used around the middle of the course. content / concepts goals for this activity - learn to identify key metamorphic minerals and rocks in hand specimen and thin section. higher order thinking skills goals for this activity - identify key properties useful for mineral identification. other skills goals for this activity description of the activity / assignment in this three - part exercise, students study hand samples and thin sections of important metamorphic rocks and minerals. - part one - box of rocks : students examine trays of metamorphic rocks and minerals and record their physical properties, composition, and habit. they note chemical and physical similarities and differences and identify the rock samples and minerals they contain. - part two - definitions : define a list of terms relevent to the lab. - part three - minerals in thin section : observe minerals in thin section and answer questions about them.


sku id # 70283 you save : $ 5. 96 20 % off to order by phone call 1 - 800 - 933 - 6249 - additional details - format : color, dvd - video, ntsc - rating : not rated - number of discs : 1 - run time : 50 minutes - region : region 1 - aspect ratio : 1. 33 : 1 - language : english - studio : history channel - dvd release date : january 27, 2008 oil seems to be at the center of every major issue confronting us today, but what do we really know about this amazing substance? get all the answers about black gold in this fascinating doc. - a comprehensive journey through the life cycle of modern society ’ s most important fuel. - the oil age we now take for granted began less 150 years ago and could be over in our lifetime. - worldwide consumption of oil exceeds 60 million barrels of oil a day! crude oil is extracted from the earth at an unimaginable rate and our society ’ s thirst for it is seemingly unquenchable. we use oil ’ s derivatives — fuel, plastics, fertilizers, food additives — every day in every way. but where did it come from? what exactly is it? how much is there? how has it changed us? the history channel® thoroughly answers these and many other questions in this sweeping journey through the 160 - million - year history of crude. shooting on locations around the world, interviewing leading experts, and using cgi animations to visualize both science and history, crude helps make sense of the oil - driven world we live in. crude connects the dots between geology and economy ; between the past, present and future. learn about earth ' s extraordinary carbon cycle, and the role of oil in current concerns regarding the environment. fill up your information tank with a barrel or two of crude!


an introduction to the book of mormon by devery scott anderson the book of mormon is one of four books of scripture accepted by the church of jesus christ of latter - day saints ( the mormon or lds church ). even though the other books — the holy bible, doctrine and covenants ( a compilation of revelations to founding prophet joseph smith ), and pearl of great price ( additional revelations ) — are sacred and important components of the lds canon, members of the church believe, as joseph smith proclaimed, “ the book of mormon was the most correct of any book on earth, and the keystone of our religion, and a man would get nearer to god by abiding by its precepts, than by any other book. ” coming forth of the book of mormon joseph smith ’ s role in bringing the book of mormon to light began with his first major religious experience, later known as the “ first vision. ” on this occasion, while praying for religious guidance in a grove near his home, he said he was visited by jesus and forgiven of his sins. later this vision was interpreted as a divine call to restore the true church of christ to the earth, which smith said had been lost through apostasy from the original teachings of jesus ’ apostles. according to smith ’ s account, the work began when a heavenly messenger named “ moroni ” appeared in a dream or vision. moroni informed the seventeen - year - old smith that an ancient record had been inscribed on metal plates that were gold - like in appearance and that these had been buried anciently in a hill near smith ’ s home in upstate new york. this record was said to have been written by prophets who lived in ancient america. moroni was, in fact, the last of those prophets and the one who buried the record in the hill centuries earlier while in the flesh. although smith did not immediately receive the plates, he began to focus his attention on preparing himself to receive and translate the record. over the next four years, he met moroni at the hill once a year to be subjected to tests of worthiness until the angel determined that smith was ready to receive the record. on the morning of 23 september 1827, his wife waiting nearby, smith received the plates from the angel. translating the record although acceptance of this account lies strictly within the realm of faith, the dictation of the book of mormon manuscript is well documented. in the period immediately following september 1827, smith appears to have done little with the record except to protect it from curious neighbors and those who wished


lies strictly within the realm of faith, the dictation of the book of mormon manuscript is well documented. in the period immediately following september 1827, smith appears to have done little with the record except to protect it from curious neighbors and those who wished to steal it. indeed, not long after smith said he had received the plates, those who knew him believed that he had something of value, and the neighbors themselves recounted attempts to steal this “ gold bible. ” after dealing with such inconveniences for four months, smith began his first attempt at “ translation ” in january 1828 by transcribing a few of the ancient characters from the plates. he identified the language as “ reformed egyptian. ” that same month, his scribe, martin harris, took a sample of the characters to professor charles anthon in new york city for validation. harris was considering financing publication of the book of mormon and sought confirmation of the genuineness of the ancient artifact. although harris and anthon provided contradictory accounts of their experience, harris was satisfied by what he heard and returned to upstate new york, enthused about continuing to assist smith with time and funds. between april and june 1828, smith dictated 116 pages of manuscript, the portion of the record called the “ book of lehi. ” unfortunately, these pages were stolen and never recovered after harris, with smith ’ s reluctant permission, borrowed and showed the manuscript to family and friends. the book of lehi, smith learned by revelation, was not to be re - translated, as those who had stolen it were prepared to produce an altered copy for comparison and thereby ruin smith ’ s credibility. it would be nine months before smith took up the translation again. he dictated a few pages in march 1829 but would not proceed further until 5 april when a school teacher named oliver cowdery came to palmyra, new york, boarded with smiths ’ parents, and took an interest in the project. two days later, the translation began in earnest and was finished by late june. with cowdery ’ s arrival in palmyra, and because the original book of mormon manuscript is in his handwriting, one can easily document the fact that the bulk of the published portion of the book was dictated over this two - month period. those who witnessed the translation process described a scenario whereby smith used “ interpreters, ” later referred to by the biblical terms urim and thummim ( crystals or eyeglasses that smith said were buried with the plates ) to translate the first 116 pages, with harris as


described a scenario whereby smith used “ interpreters, ” later referred to by the biblical terms urim and thummim ( crystals or eyeglasses that smith said were buried with the plates ) to translate the first 116 pages, with harris as scribe. for the remainder of the translation process, smith used “ seer stones ” he himself had discovered years earlier. to translate by the later method, smith would place an inverted top hat on a table, place the seer stone in the hat, bring his head down and look into the hat — shielding his eyes from outside light — and concentrate on the stone in order to render the inspired translation into english. prior to publication, smith allowed certain friends and family members to feel the plates through a cloth covering or to feel their weight in a box. in addition, several special witnesses known as the “ three witnesses ” were granted a heavenly vision of the plates and the angel moroni. an additional “ eight witnesses ” were shown the record by smith, without a heavenly presence. their signed testimonies appear in the book of mormon. publishing the first edition understandably, smith found it difficult to locate someone willing to publish the book of mormon. he negotiated with local publisher egbert b. grandin, who expressed his serious religious and financial misgivings. judging from the local opposition to the book that already had been manifested, grandin assumed the sales would be slight and that he would not be able to recover his costs. he changed his mind when martin harris mortgaged his farm and placed a $ 3, 000 security note in his hand. typesetting began on 29 august 1829. two months earlier, on 11 june, smith obtained the copyright for the book from the office of r. r. lansing, clerk of the northern district of new york. the printing and binding followed, completed the following spring, so that the book was finally advertised for sale on 26 march 1830. eleven days later, on 6 april, the church of christ, as it was originally called, was officially organized with six members. content of the book of mormon the book of mormon story takes place mainly between 600 b. c. and a. d. 421. the initial setting is jerusalem where a prophet named “ lehi ” is told by god to take his family and flee into the wilderness before the city is overthrown by babylonians. the family lives in the wilderness for eight years while making preparations to sail to the “ promised land, ” identified by joseph smith as the ancient american continent. “ ne


his family and flee into the wilderness before the city is overthrown by babylonians. the family lives in the wilderness for eight years while making preparations to sail to the “ promised land, ” identified by joseph smith as the ancient american continent. “ nephi, ” a younger son of lehi, builds a ship at the lord ’ s command. he is also called to be a prophet and to keep records throughout this portion of book of mormon history. due to his righteousness and willingness to obey god, nephi is favored over his two older, rebellious brothers, “ laman ” and “ lemuel. ” the brothers resent nephi ’ s assumption of authority over them, which leads to a permanent separation after the death of their father, lehi. over the generations, the nephites and lamanites, as they are called, engage in battles as their populations grow. between discussions of religion, which occupy much of the book, there are detailed accounts of these wars. the nephites tend to go through cycles of pride, wickedness, and reconciliation with god, whereas the lamanites generally remain wicked. however, the lamanites do have a change of heart at one point and become more righteous than the nephites. the book of mormon is christian in theology. it contains prophecies by ancient prophets foretelling the coming of god to earth as jesus christ and that his is the name by which salvation comes. the narrative culminates in jesus ’ appearance in ancient america soon after his death and resurrection in jerusalem. he delivers a version of the sermon on the mount and other biblical teachings that have become the most cherished portions of narrative for believers in the book. after jesus re - ascends into heaven and people resume their normal lives, they soon return to their old habits of sin and greed. by the end of the book, the nephites have become wicked enough to deserve total annihilation. the lamanites destroy them — all except for “ moroni, ” son of the prophet “ mormon. ” for twenty years following the last great battle, moroni wanders alone, finishing his father ’ s record and his own portion of the book. he eventually buries the plates in the hill in upstate new york where joseph smith would come to live. there are fifteen smaller books in the book of mormon, contained within an initial section identified as the “ small plates of nephi. ” following these, the “ large plates of nephi ” are said to have been


joseph smith would come to live. there are fifteen smaller books in the book of mormon, contained within an initial section identified as the “ small plates of nephi. ” following these, the “ large plates of nephi ” are said to have been kept by successive record - keeping prophets through generations and to have been condensed and abridged by mormon. this is why the book carries his name. latter - day saints and the book of mormon the book of mormon has had a profound effect upon latter - day saints since the first converts to the movement accepted it in 1830. its message is best conveyed in the subtitle added in 1982 as “ another testament of jesus christ. ” its christian teachings enhance its value to church members as an additional testimony for the bible. believers note that the two books together complement each other in providing god ’ s word, that the book of mormon also helps to clarify ambiguous passages in the bible. lds missionaries throughout the world, for the entire duration of the church ’ s history, can testify to the conversion power of the book of mormon. practicing latter - day saints maintain a conviction of its spiritual message and how it enhances their personal spirituality. the latest statistics released by the lds church reveal that the book of mormon has been translated into sixty - six languages and that nearly 116 million copies have been printed since the first edition of 1830. although there are unique features of the church of jesus christ of latter - day saints that set it apart from traditional christianity, many of those features developed over time. initially, there was more agreement than disagreement within the setting of frontier america ’ s primitive christian movement. but the book of mormon provided an obstacle for other christians, at the same time that it served as the tool for conversion of people from many other denominations. whatever belief one may hold about the divine origin of the book, it has maintained a unique place in american history and in the hearts of those who accept it. having endured scrutiny and the resulting praise and scorn of both admirers and critics for nearly 175 years, there remain millions today who believe in its message, as well as tens of thousands of new converts each year who embrace it for the first time. believers, skeptics, and scholars study the book more - or - less enthusiastically, although each for a different reason. it remains the “ keystone ” of the mormon religion.


an important consideration when selecting a given technology is the source of that technology and the standards that it adheres to. with respect to software, there is a common distinction between “ open source ” and “ closed ” or “ proprietary ” source. open source refers to software that is distributed with its source code completely open for anyone to read and modify. source code here refers to the collection of files that contain all the “ instructions ” or code that programmers have written that are the source of a given software ’ s features and functionality. open source is often contrasted with proprietary or “ closed ” source technologies, those which restrict access to source code and can only be changed by the vendor. open source technologies are usually available for free, proprietary technologies usually require a licensing fee to use. open standards refer to publicly available specifications that provide a common method of achieving a particular goal. these standards are usually free to use and are often defined by formalized committees that are open to participation by any interested party. these are often coupled with open source code that provides a reference for how the standard is implemented. open standards are contrasted with “ closed ” or proprietary standards that require licensing to implement and are usually defined by individual companies or organizations. with respect to technologies used for teaching and learning, middlebury library and information services ( lis ) has had a strong commitment to both open source and open standards. in 2001 the lis curricular technology group began to develop database - driven web applications using the linux, apache, mysql and php ( lamp ) open source web platform. segue was developed at middlebury and released as open source software in 2003. segue v2 implements a set of specifications developed by the open knowledge initiative ( o. k. i. ) that continue to be promoted as open standards. other open source technologies in use at middlebury include moodle, drupal, mediawiki and wordpress. thus the curricular technology team favors open source technologies because they allows lis designers and developers to integrate such technologies with other systems on campus including other open source projects. segue itself builds upon a number of open source tools including the ckeditor. the curricular technology team also favors technologies that use open standards because they help to prevent lock in to a given application or vendor. there are exceptions to these rules. for example, proprietary technologies can certainly be good candidates for selection when they implement open standards. while the microsoft exchange server is a proprietary system, it implements a number of open standards such as ldap, imap, and sm


- weather has been too dry and too hot for too long in texas, which is starting to look like a desert state, according to carl anderson, extension professor emeritus, texas a & m university. - anderson anticipates that as much of 50 percent of the 7. 1 million acre texas cotton crop will be lost due to extreme conditions. the 7. 1 million acres include roughly 5 million dryland acres, and about 2. 1 million irrigated. - the southeast and mid - south could produce a combined crop of between 8. 6 and 8. 8 million bales, while the far west is expected to produce a crop of between 2. 1 million and 2. 2 million bales. o. a. cleveland, professor emeritus, mississippi state university, expects the southeast cotton growing region to produce a crop of about 4. 3 million bales, with an average yield of between 700 pounds and 750 pounds. “ georgia was very droughty to begin with, although not to the extent of texas, ” cleveland said. “ they have had recent rains, but many are isolated and it ’ s caused an extremely spotty crop. you can have a lot of young cotton and a lot of old cotton in the same fields, which will without question affect yield. ” south alabama suffered through the same drought and isolated rains, “ and from central alabama south, is very much like georgia. it ’ s a very spotty crop and yields will be reduced. ” north carolina planted the third highest acreage in the united states this spring, and has had good growing conditions. remaining southeast states of virginia and south carolina are below their trend yields. cleveland says the mid - south could also produce a crop of 4. 3 million bales, “ with both regions together producing between 8. 6 million and 8. 8 million bales. ” mississippi, tennessee and south arkansas “ have good looking crops from the road, ” according to cleveland, “ but the crops are late. a year ago we saw crops cutting out from the drought. this year, it ’ s not abnormal to go out in a field and not find a bloom. they ’ re reasonably - sized plants, they ’ re just so late. ” cleveland says the lateness “ can be made up. we do it every year. we ’ re seeing this in the mid - south and southeast. we ’ re going to need a very handsome fall if we ’ re going to harvest a good - sized crop. if this crop gets perfect or near - perfect conditions, we


ieee spectrum gets greener photo : loungepark / getty images what does it really mean to go ” green ”? it ’ s more complicated than you may realize. environmental impact is hard for any business to measure in meaningful terms, but it ’ s a particularly fiendish task for print publishers. as you might have guessed, some very nice trees have to be sacrificed to bring you the print edition of ieee spectrum. but that ’ s hardly the extent of our environmental impact. logs must be trucked to paper mills, paper mills must be run, inks must be produced, printing presses must be operated. magazines must be transported to the far corners of the globe. come to think of it, reporters must be dispatched to the far corners of the globe, too, on fuel - guzzling jumbo jets, to ensure that there are stories worth printing and that they ’ re not all about one country or one subject. it ’ s always good to start the new year on a positive note, and so we ’ re happy to announce that beginning with this issue, we ’ re moving to a more environmentally friendly paper. on the table of contents page, you ’ ll see our seal of approval from the sustainable forestry initiative, one of the organizations that ensure that our paper is harvested from forests that are managed in a sustainable way. it also means that 100 percent of the paper fiber used to make the magazine comes from these sources. we will also continue to explore other ways to lessen our ecological impact in the coming year. we love magazines and books, and you probably do, too. but the ugly truth is that publishing is a pretty toxic business. some say that in the united states alone 39 million trees a year are used to make magazines. and then there are the petroleum - based inks and the hard - to - recycle waste by - products and atmospheric pollution that result from putting ink to paper on a press. nevertheless, since the 1990s, paper manufacturers and printers and publishers, working together, have been striving to make things better. they ’ ve moved to partly soy - and vegetable - based inks ( you might have noticed more smudging on your fingers — get used to it! ). they ’ re now choosing from an expanding array of paper options, mixing ” virgin fiber ” — fresh - from - the - forest tree material — with recycled fiber and fiber from sustainable forests, which are maintained to meet standards set by the previously mentioned sustainable forestry initiative ( http : / / www. sfipro


, mixing ” virgin fiber ” — fresh - from - the - forest tree material — with recycled fiber and fiber from sustainable forests, which are maintained to meet standards set by the previously mentioned sustainable forestry initiative ( http : / / www. sfiprogram. org ) and also the forest stewardship council ( http : / / www. fscus. org ). besides overseeing responsible forest - management practices, these groups also monitor the protection of water resources, biological diversity, and sacred or historical sites as part of their accreditation process. our own printer, quad graphics, has been a leader in this area since the 1970s. they recognized early that going green can make fiscal as well as environmental sense if managed properly. reducing waste and making the most of the materials you have can increase output and profit — in theory, anyway. for now, the costs are still slightly higher. like organic food, ” green ” paper is more expensive. we moved to vegetable - oil - based inks several years ago, but paper has been a different issue, and frankly, paper made the old - fashioned, environmentally unfriendly way was cheaper. but now, with traditional paper prices on the rise, paper fiber that comes from well - managed forests makes economic sense. some of you may ask, why not give up the paper edition altogether and just produce a digital edition? sounds good at first, but to our knowledge no one has yet measured the environmental impact of publishing on the internet or of creating electronic devices like the kindle or the sony reader for digital reading — not to mention the fact that some of us still like to thumb through the pages rather than the pixels of a magazine, and do it in bed or on a train. or maybe even on a fuel - guzzling jumbo jet. in the meantime though, we ’ re pleased to be able to move our print edition a step in a sustainable direction. there ’ ll be more steps in this journey. some of you will even help us on our way, designing better portable readers and more - efficient trucks and presses — and, of course, less - thirsty jumbo jets.


adding the lookup _ array for the match function this step covers adding the lookup _ array argument for the nested match function. the lookup _ array is the range of cells that the match function will search to find the lookup _ value argument added in the previous step of the tutorial. in this example, we want the match function to search cells d5 to g5 for a match to the name of the month that will be entered into cell e2. these steps are to be entered after the comma entered in the previous step on the col _ index _ num line in the vlookup function dialog box. - if necessary, click on the col _ index _ num line after the comma to place the insertion point at the end of the current entry. - drag select cells d5 to g5 in the worksheet to enter these cell references as the range the function is to search. - press the f4 key on the keyboard to change this range into absolute cell references. doing so will make it possible to copy the completed lookup formula to other locations in the worksheet in the last step of the tutorial - type a comma ", " after the cell reference e3 to complete the entry of the match function ' s lookup _ array argument.


before mulan, there was fu hao ( ca. 1200 bce ). this shang dynasty queen was a remarkable figure : not only was she king wu ding ’ s wife and the mother of his children, but she was also his chief military commander. it seems to us like a strange combination, but fu hao was a very successful general, personally leading thousands of troops into battle. some scholars have even speculated that fu hao ’ s military prowess was the whole reason wu ding married her ; she may have been a northern princess or warlord who brought horses and chariots into the shang kingdom as part of the marriage alliance. fu hao ’ s name also pops up repeatedly in the oracle bone inscriptions from that time, showing that she served as a key religious official at court. there ’ s a lot we don ’ t understand about the status of women in bronze age china, but fu hao makes it clear that at least some women could play hugely significant roles in public life. the basic garment in shang dynasty times was a lapped robe with contrasting borders, belted with a broad sash. nobles also wore full underskirts beneath their robes and had fancy brocade panels hanging down from their sashes in front. as a commanding general, fu hao would have also been equipped with armor, a helmet with pheasant feathers, and a ceremonial battle axe with a silk banner. the pieces we suggest, from left to right : 1. underskirt. we chose a thai silk wrap skirt because the geometric pattern is reminiscent of shang weaving. not a lot of this will show, though, so you can certainly get away with something more basic. 2. black brocade robe with dragon and phoenix motif. also available here. this robe is probably a bit fancy for the period, but we like it because of the phoenix and dragon. these imperial symbols date right back to shang times, and in fact, fu hao ’ s tomb contained an exquisite carved jade phoenix ( main illustration above ). to add the contrasting borders, get four yards of jacquard ribbon and temporarily attach it with res - q tape. 3. lacquered armor. fu hao ’ s body armor was probably made of small squares of lacquered leather. if you ’ re hardcore you ’ ll of course want to get right to work sewing dozens of little pieces of leather together. we suggest a much quicker route that is completely inauthentic but good enough for halloween : just spray paint a piece of quilting. a bassinet


ll of course want to get right to work sewing dozens of little pieces of leather together. we suggest a much quicker route that is completely inauthentic but good enough for halloween : just spray paint a piece of quilting. a bassinet pad is the right size for body armor and it ’ s already nicely finished all around the edges. apply a couple of coats of rust - oleum lacquer chinese red spray paint, and voila, you have a piece of lacquered armor. ( you might want to use a black marker pen to highlight the lines in the quilting to give it more of that lamellar look. ) if you make two pads you can have front and back armor, and then pin on a couple of short pieces of ribbon as shoulder straps. then wrap a black sash ( # 4 ) around your waist and cinch it tight. 4. sashes. you ’ ll need a total of three sashes for your costume. this red jacquard pattern silk scarf is for the fancy panel that hangs down in front of your robe. just fold it into a narrow band and suspend it from your waist underneath your armor. the black pashmina scarf is to cinch around your waist over the armor. the red pashmina scarf is to tie around your axe ( # 5 ) as a banner. 5. battle axe. also available here. the symbol of military authority in shang times was the yue, a huge bronze battle axe capable of slicing a person in half with a single blow. the shape of the blade on this costume axe isn ’ t right — the blade on a yue was more rectangular than curved — but the size is great ( 6 feet long overall ). just improve the color with some spray paint : a coat of krylon fusion blonde shimmer followed by a coat of rust - oleum aged brass. then tie your red sash ( # 4 ) around the staff as a banner. 6. general ’ s helmet with pheasant feathers. start with a bronze costume helmet. this one is made of flimsy latex, which is good because you need to cut off the nose piece and the cheek pieces. then get a small brass flange like the kind that ’ s used in table lamps ( available online or in your local hardware store ). glue the flange to the top of the helmet with some seriously powerful adhesive like gem - tac. finally, insert a couple of pheasant feathers into the flange and secure with more glue.


yoga is a spiritual tradition that began in india about 5, 000 years ago. historically its practices have been adopted by such religions as hinduism, jainism, and buddhism. however, the practice of yoga is compatible with any religion, as well as atheism. the word yoga means union in sanskrit. many of the yoga traditions believe that the practices of yoga lead to union of a person with his or her true nature, or with god or the universe ( however one wishes to conceptualize it ). how this is interpreted and the means employed to get there differ in the various yoga traditions. patanjali, author of the classic yoga text, the yoga sutra, defined yoga as the quieting of the fluctuations of the mind. from a yogic perspective, the mind, and its ceaseless internal monologue, is the source of suffering. the various yoga practices serve to calm the mind. from a wellspring of relaxed concentration - the hallmark of yoga - comes inner peace, heightened creativity, and awareness of our essential nature. when people in the west hear the word yoga, they usually think of the stretching and strengthening poses known as asana [ ahs ah nah ], which are the primary focus of most yoga classes. but asana is only one aspect of a multidimensional system that includes : there appear to be numerous benefits from the practice of yoga. arguably the most comprehensive method of stress - reduction ever developed, yoga offers numerous tools to shift the balance of the autonomic nervous system to the parasympathetic side, calm the mind, and lower the levels of stress hormones such as cortisol. this is likely to be of benefit not just for those suffering from burnout and such stress - related conditions as insomnia and irritable bowel syndrome, but also in the treatment and prevention of leading causes of death, including heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes, all of which may be adversely affected by high levels of stress. beyond stress reduction, the practice of yoga has other health benefits, including increased strength and flexibility, better balance and coordination, improved reaction times, better lung function, heightened cardiovascular conditioning, and weight loss. psychological benefits of practice include relaxation, greater equanimity, better concentration, and improved mood. there is substantial overlap between yoga practices and other mind - body therapies. biofeedback techniques, in which patients are taught to tune into sensations in their body and regulate their breathing in order to facilitate relaxation of muscles, relieve stress or warm their hands


substantial overlap between yoga practices and other mind - body therapies. biofeedback techniques, in which patients are taught to tune into sensations in their body and regulate their breathing in order to facilitate relaxation of muscles, relieve stress or warm their hands and feet, are based on yogic principles. in addition to mind - body therapies, yoga practices have been adapted in manual therapies. a number of physical exercises used in rehabilitation from injuries are based on yoga asana ( postures ). one example is the gentle backbends often used after back injuries. there has been an increased amount of research ( particularly randomized controlled trials ) on yoga ' s effects throughout the past few decades. types of medical conditions have included psychopathological ( e. g. depression and anxiety ), cardiovascular ( e. g. hypertension, heart disease ), respiratory ( e. g. asthma ), diabetes, and others. most of this research comes from india, although there is increasing contribution from researchers in the u. s. and england. not all of this research is of high quality methodologically, but in recent years the quality has generally improved. although standardized protocols have been developed to meet the needs of scientific study, most yoga, and particularly yoga therapy, is personalized to the individual and is not strictly based on the western medical diagnosis. in addition, different techniques have different effects on each individual and even on one individual at different times or stages in his or her practice. thus, what is typically measured in scientific studies of yoga doesn ' t reflect what usually happens in the real world. yogis would also argue that the one - size - fits - all approaches used in clinical studies are likely to be much less effective than a personal yoga practice. in addition, in both india and the west, yoga is used therapeutically for many conditions based largely on experiential evidence. in north america, workshops are offered on hatha yoga for people with such conditions as hiv / aids, scoliosis, back pain, depression, pregnancy, and cancer. there are no universal standards or accreditation for either yoga teachers or yoga therapists. however, the yoga alliance is a national non - profit organization that certifies teachers from different traditions at either the 200 - or 500 - hour level of training. currently no states require licensure or certification for yoga teachers or therapists, although that may change in coming years. the training and certification of yoga teachers will vary greatly. it is helpful to ask prospective teachers to describe the


i ’ m attending the mccormick energy solutions conference for journalists this week at ohio state university. andy keeler, an economist with the john glenn school of public affairs here at the university, offered six things journalist should know about greenhouse gas reduction. 1. it makes economic sense to reduce greenhouse gases. even though doing so costs money, it will end up costing us even more if we do nothing. dealing with the effects of global warming, of seeing texas and the southwest become a dustbowl, could be financially devastating. 2. cap and trade, which is the method congess is considering to regulate greenhouse gases, does two distinct things. by issuing tradable allowances for greenhouse gas emissions, the system raises the price of energy produced from greenhouse gas - heavy fossil fuels. it also generates revenue for the government by selling those allowances, and the money can be used for anything. “ criticism of cap and trade which mixes these two together is deliberately misleading, ” keeler said. 3. cap and trade creates broad and efficient incentives. using market signals as part of our response to climate change risk is good public policy. 4. who gets the money the government makes by selling allowances is a public expenditures question, not an environmental question. 5. a carbon tax and a cap and trade program have strong similarities. but the details of the program are more important than the choice between the two. keeler concludes that, even though economists tend to agree that a tax is cleaner and more elegant than a system of trading allowances, the current bill includes reasonable goals. therefore, rather than starting from scratch and renegotiating the cap, which leads to a 20 percent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 and an 80 percent cut by 2050, keeler prefers to stick with the current bill. 6. trade and competitiveness concerns exist, but are neither broad nor large. the bill could have significant effects on the iron, steel, aluminum, cement and paper industries, but those problems could be solved with targeted rules, rather than broad regulations. “ it ’ s not to belittle the problem for people in these industries, but it ’ s misleading to cast it as an overall disaster from a trade point of view, ” he said.


november 10th, 2010 04 : 00 pm et nearly one in 10 children in the u. s. has been diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( adhd ), and the rate appears to be growing, according to a report released wednesday by the centers for disease control and prevention ( cdc ). the percentage of children ages 4 to 17 who have ever been diagnosed with adhd rose from 7. 8 percent to 9. 5 percent between 2003 and 2007 — a 22 percent increase, the cdc found. the report was based on the results of the national survey of children ' s health, a nationwide telephone survey of parents. the increases were especially dramatic among 15 - to 17 - year - olds and hispanics. it ' s unclear from the survey data whether the increase in diagnoses is due to an actual rise in adhd cases stemming from social or environmental factors, or to growing awareness of the disorder, the researchers say. susanna visser, an epidemiologist at the cdc and the lead author of the report, says that factors including lead exposure, low birth weight, and premature birth have all been shown to contribute to adhd symptoms. " this collection of risk factors could be moving in a direction that causes certain demographic groups to have higher rates of adhd, " she says. " we have to figure out what ' s driving the change. " getting to the root of adhd trends will require studies that follow groups of children over time, as well as genetic and mri studies, visser says. several such studies are already under way at the national institutes for health, she adds. although adhd rates went up in all 50 states, the increases were especially striking in 12 states, including indiana, north carolina, and colorado. in north carolina — which had the highest adhd prevalence in the nation — the rate rose from 9. 6 percent to 15. 6 percent, an increase of about 63 percent. those 12 states " largely account for the increase " nationwide, visser says. states with very high diagnosis rates included alabama ( 14 percent ), delaware ( 14 percent ), ohio ( 13 percent ), west virginia ( 13 percent ), and arkansas ( 13 percent ), in addition to north carolina. roughly half of all children diagnosed with adhd had a " moderate " or " severe " case of the disorder, and two - thirds of all children with adhd were taking medication to control it. the estimated 2. 7 million children ages 4 to 17 taking adhd drugs represent 5 percent of all children nationwide


- green minute - green campuses - green media - contact us from the national parks conservation association : one year after the obama administration enacted new protections limiting uranium - mine development on 1 million acres around grand canyon national park, pollution and legal threats from the uranium industry remain. five uranium - industry lawsuits — one seeking upwards of $ 120 million from the united states — as well as plans to reopen two 1980s - era mines still threaten the public and traditional tribal land and water within and around grand canyon national park. “ grand canyon and its watershed provide important habitat for a variety of wildlife — from condors to bighorn sheep — plus it is an economic engine for northern arizona, providing jobs and important income to this rural area, ” said sandy bahr, director of the sierra club ’ s grand canyon chapter. “ this mineral withdrawal — stopping destructive mining activities — is critical to protecting grand canyon and the water that is the lifeblood for our communities. ” the administration finalized the million - acre “ mineral withdrawal ” around grand canyon on jan. 9, 2012, following regional and national uproar over the potential impacts of a new uranium - mining boom in the world - famous landscape. the withdrawal prohibits new mining claims and mine development on old claims that lack proven ore reserves and valid rights to mine. “ after an extensive review process and substantial public participation, secretary salazar made a strong, affirmative decision to protect one of the world ’ s most enduring landscapes and the sustained health of indigenous communities that live within the watershed of the grand canyon, ” said dave nimkin of the national parks conservation association. “ current efforts to compromise that bold and appropriate decision put all of us at risk. ” five lawsuits from the uranium industry and its supporters were filed in 2012 challenging the withdrawal ; one was withdrawn, and four were consolidated into one suit, now before a federal district court in arizona. to defend the withdrawal, the havasupai tribe and conservation groups have intervened in that suit. “ the grand canyon and lands, watersheds and communities around it should not become dotted with mines and crisscrossed by roads and heavy trucks carting radioactive material, ” said ted zukoski, an attorney representing tribal and conservation groups opposing the industry lawsuits. “ we ’ ll continue the fight to protect the area ’ s people, wildlife and life - giving waters. ” london - based vane minerals withdrew its suit challenging the mining restrictions late last month, opting instead to sue the united states in the court of claims. in that pending suit, vane claims that the new restrictions


, wildlife and life - giving waters. ” london - based vane minerals withdrew its suit challenging the mining restrictions late last month, opting instead to sue the united states in the court of claims. in that pending suit, vane claims that the new restrictions on mining entitle it to $ 120 million - plus from u. s. taxpayers. the kaibab national forest in april granted mining rights to energy fuels for the canyon mine along grand canyon ’ s south rim and within the withdrawal area. in june the forest announced that it would allow energy fuels to reopen the canyon mine without updating its 27 - year - old “ environmental impact statement. ” the mine is adjacent to red butte, an area sacred to the havasupai, who in the 1990s waged a years - long court battle to block the mine. “ the obama administration ’ s agencies are allowing old mines to reopen without updating ancient environmental studies, ” said taylor mckinnon, public lands campaigns director with the center for biological diversity. “ these mines will bring the same pollution the mineral restrictions intended to block. their approval in the 1980s was a terrible idea ; allowing them to reopen now on the basis of out - of - date science is even worse. ” the bureau of land management is allowing energy fuels to prepare a second mine, the pinenut mine located north of grand canyon, for opening. like the forest service, the blm has not updated 1980s - era environmental reviews for that mine or for the nearby arizona 1 mine, which began operations in 2009, and which tribes and conservation groups have sued to halt. that litigation is now before the 9th circuit court of appeals. “ decades of uranium mining in the region have left a toxic legacy that has permanently polluted surface and groundwater and continues to threaten people ’ s lives, the park, and plant and animal communities for centuries, ” said roger clark of the grand canyon trust. “ grand canyon national park recently spent $ 15 million to remove radioactive machinery and topsoil from the orphan mine, which pose health risks to endangered condors and visitors to popular canyon overlooks. mining is a boom - and - bust industry that harms tourism and robs local economies of long - term benefits from grand canyon ’ s enduring and unpolluted landscapes. ” uranium pollution already plagues the grand canyon and surrounding area. the navajo nation has several hundred abandoned uranium mines that have yet to be cleaned up. because dozens of new mines threatened to industrialize valued lands, destroy wildlife habitat and permanently pollute or


i recently came across erik erikson ’ s stages of psychosocial development and i found it extremely applicable to how and why we have become love addicts and more so, how we can follow a clearer path to a better sense of self and healing. i ’ m sure many of us can take a look at these stages and say “ yes! i fell apart on several of these important stages and went the poorly managed route! ” but that ’ s not the point of this reading. the point is to see what stages you did not develop well and try to redevelop them. for example, in my own experience i deal with a lot of guilt issues, self doubt and feeling that i am not capable of achieving certain ( rather realistic ) goals. according to erikson, i need to work on taking more initiative so that i can build confidence in this area and thus, grow and mature more healthily. hope this helps someone out there! what is psychosocial development? erik erikson ’ s theory of psychosocial development is one of the best - known theories of personality in psychology. much like sigmund freud, erikson believed that personality develops in a series of stages. unlike freud ’ s theory of psychosexual stages, erikson ’ s theory describes the impact of social experience across the whole lifespan. one of the main elements of erikson ’ s psychosocial stage theory is the develoment of ego identity. 1 ego identity is the conscious sense of self that we develop through social interaction. according to erikson, our ego identity is constantly changing due to new experience and information we acquire in our daily interactions with others. in addition to ego identity, erikson also believed that a sense of competence also motivates behaviors and actions. each stage in erikson ’ s theory is concerned with becoming competent in an area of life. if the stage is handled well, the person will feel a sense of mastery, which he sometimes referred to as ego strength or ego quality. 2 if the stage is managed poorly, the person will emerge with a sense of inadequacy. in each stage, erikson believed people experience a conflict that serves as a turning point in development. in erikson ’ s view, these conflicts are centered on either developing a psychological quality or failing to develop that quality. during these times, the potential for personal growth is high, but so is the potential for failure. psychosocial stage 1 – trust vs. mistrust the first stage of erikson ’ s theory


psychological quality or failing to develop that quality. during these times, the potential for personal growth is high, but so is the potential for failure. psychosocial stage 1 – trust vs. mistrust the first stage of erikson ’ s theory of psychosocial development occurs between birth and one year of age and is the most fundamental stage in life. 2 because an infant is utterly dependent, the development of trust is based on the dependability and quality of the child ’ s caregivers. if a child successfully develops trust, he or she will feel safe and secure in the world. caregivers who are inconsistent, emotionally unavailable, or rejecting contribute to feelings of mistrust in the children they care for. failure to develop trust will result in fear and a belief that the world is inconsistent and unpredictable. psychosocial stage 2 – autonomy vs. shame and doubt the second stage of erikson ’ s theory of psychosocial development takes place during early childhood and is focused on children developing a greater sense of personal control. 2 like freud, erikson believed that toilet training was a vital part of this process. however, erikson ’ s reasoning was quite different then that of freud ’ s. erikson believe that learning to control one ’ s body functions leads to a feeling of control and a sense of independence. other important events include gaining more control over food choices, toy preferences, and clothing selection. children who successfully complete this stage feel secure and confident, while those who do not are left with a sense of inadequacy and self - doubt. psychosocial stage 3 – initiative vs. guilt during the preschool years, children begin to assert their power and control over the world through directing play and other social interaction. children who are successful at this stage feel capable and able to lead others. those who fail to acquire these skills are left with a sense of guilt, self - doubt and lack of initiative. 3 psychosocial stage 4 – industry vs. inferiority this stage covers the early school years from approximately age 5 to 11. through social interactions, children begin to develop a sense of pride in their accomplishments and abilities. children who are encouraged and commended by parents and teachers develop a feeling of competence and belief in their skills. those who receive little or no encouragement from parents, teachers, or peers will doubt their ability to be successful. psychosocial stage 5 – identity vs. confusion during adolescence, children are exploring their independence and developing a sense of self. those who receive proper encouragement and reinforcement through personal exploration will


parents, teachers, or peers will doubt their ability to be successful. psychosocial stage 5 – identity vs. confusion during adolescence, children are exploring their independence and developing a sense of self. those who receive proper encouragement and reinforcement through personal exploration will emerge from this stage with a strong sense of self and a feeling of independence and control. those who remain unsure of their beliefs and desires will insecure and confused about themselves and the future. psychosocial stage 6 – intimacy vs. isolation this stage covers the period of early adulthood when people are exploring personal relationships. erikson believed it was vital that people develop close, committed relationships with other people. those who are successful at this step will develop relationships that are committed and secure. remember that each step builds on skills learned in previous steps. erikson believed that a strong sense of personal identity was important to developing intimate relationships. studies have demonstrated that those with a poor sense of self tend to have less committed relationships and are more likely to suffer emotional isolation, loneliness, and depression. psychosocial stage 7 – generativity vs. stagnation during adulthood, we continue to build our lives, focusing on our career and family. those who are successful during this phase will feel that they are contributing to the world by being active in their home and community. those who fail to attain this skill will feel unproductive and uninvolved in the world. psychosocial stage 8 – integrity vs. despair this phase occurs during old age and is focused on reflecting back on life. those who are unsuccessful during this phase will feel that their life has been wasted and will experience many regrets. the individual will be left with feelings of bitterness and despair. those who feel proud of their accomplishments will feel a sense of integrity. successfully completing this phase means looking back with few regrets and a general feeling of satisfaction. these individuals will attain wisdom, even when confronting death. more about erikson and psychosocial stages 1 erikson, e. h. ( 1968 ). identity : youth and crisis. new york : norton. 2 erikson, e. h. ( 1963 ). childhood and society. ( 2nd ed. ). new york : norton. 3 carver, c. s. & scheir, m. f. ( 2000 ). perspectives on personality. needham heights, ma : allyn & bacon.


thursday march 6, 2008 origins of the borrowed words by lynne mcgready borrowed or loaned or stolen words?? does is it really matter? in my last article on this subject ( feb 22 ), i put forward a very easy challenge : “ can you find the words ( in this list ) that were borrowed from other languages? ” i am confident that many readers were able to find or already know the etymology or history of some of the words in the list. not all of the words were borrowed but each and every one of them has a history or what i like to call a “ beginning ”. so, here are the answers, as i know them. typhoon : a violent tropical storm. the arabs say that the word is an adaptation of their arabic word tufan. the greeks say, “ no way! it ’ s ours. we say typhon which means violent storm. ” another suggestion is that the word was from the cantonese tai fung, meaning great wind. loot : things stolen during pillaging... ermm? pillaging? you mean looting or stealing? yes. and its origin was in india, in the hindi language to be exact. ginger : when i researched the etymology of this word, my first concerns were : “ how am i going to simplify the explanation of its beginnings as it has been influenced by the many periods of the english language – middle english gingerer, old english and then greek zingier? ” then i found that the one i liked was the tamil inci, which means ginger, and veer, which means root. shampoo : this was a little bit of a surprise! this word is borrowed from the anglo - indian word shampoo! it originated in the hindi word champ, which means to smear, massage using the flowers of a plant called the michelin champak. i know i met someone in kuala lumpur called champak who told me her name was the name of a flower! a small world of words? compound : guess what? compound originated in the 1600s from the malay word kampong! i think this deserves an “ ah ha! ” as we think about the definition of the word as “ a village or group of buildings ”. the english borrowed the word to describe an enclosure for a factory or a settlement of europeans in the east. bandanna : i thought this word was one that originated in spain or mexico only to find that it is from the hindi word bandhnu and from the sanskrit word badhnati, which means


a factory or a settlement of europeans in the east. bandanna : i thought this word was one that originated in spain or mexico only to find that it is from the hindi word bandhnu and from the sanskrit word badhnati, which means “ to bind ”. perhaps i had visions of the handsome spanish actor antonio banderas on a horse, wearing a red bandanna on his head and? cumquat or kumquat : i have eaten many a slice of toast covered in cumquat jam. i never thought to ask about its origins. it is a fruit grown in japan, korea, china, vietnam and even malaysia. but the origin of the word is from canton in china – gam gwat, or gan ju in mandarin. ( i must find the bahasa malaysia name for it! ) amok : this is a word i love! my mother used to threaten my brother and me with “ no going away during your school vacation if you continue to run amuck while i am at work ”. ( our nanny was the squealer! ) it never occurred to me that this word was first recorded from the malay amok, which means attacking furiously or a frenzied person. i have been enlightened. gong : from the malay word gong. the sound of the instrument when struck? shanghai : this is an easy one and used mainly to describe a situation that a sailor might find himself in when he is kidnapped to work on a ship sailing to places like shanghai in china. junk : a chinese sailing ship but... from the malay word jong or javanese djong, which i have been told means large boat or ship. kowtow : the chinese had a custom of touching the ground with their forehead as a sign of submission or respect. in hanyu pinyin, it is spelt kou tou. pariah : i thought this word simply meant “ mongrel dog ”. of course not! it has been borrowed directly from the derogatory tamil word paraiyar because it was applied to people who were of a low caste and / or social outcasts! this word has been deleted from my vocabulary, effective immediately. bangle : a simple one. a ring shaped bracelet borrowed from the hindi word bangri, which means coloured glass bracelet or anklet. mango : hmmm, this was interesting and a bit of a battle between languages. is it from the malay word mangga or the tamil word man, meaning mango tree, + kay,


bangri, which means coloured glass bracelet or anklet. mango : hmmm, this was interesting and a bit of a battle between languages. is it from the malay word mangga or the tamil word man, meaning mango tree, + kay, which means fruit? silk : from the chinese word si, the manchurian word sirghe, then borrowed into greek as serikos, and on and on... alcohol : an easy but interesting one. ladies, have you ever used kohl to darken your eyelids? al kuhul was the powder used to darken eyes. then the definition moved to al gawl, meaning the spirit which is also the origin of the word ghoul. thug : “ you useless member of a gang of murderers and robbers and cheats and swindlers! ” said the person in hindi before it was borrowed by the english. cockatoo : i thought this was an australian word and bird! in fact, it has been borrowed from the malay word kakak tua, meaning older sister. ouch! orang - utan : everyone knows this one. jungle : borrowed from the hindi word jangal, which means desert, forest, wasteland. weird! i always imagined a jungle as being forest with lots of trees, humidity and rain, rain and more rain. punch : here is one for those of you who like a little ‘ punch ’ at parties but are never quite sure what the ingredients are. this is a word said to be borrowed from the hindi word panch, which means five. five spirits, or four spirits and water, or three spirits, water and lemon juice, or? cot : from the hindi word khat or small bed. gung ho : this story must be told. the original chinese word kung he means to co - operate. then a colonel in the us marine corps, stationed in china in the 1930s, was so impressed with the attitude of the people in the cooperatives he visited, he chose “ gung ho ” as the motto for his battalion. it is said that by the end of world war ii, these same words were being used throughout the american marine corps to express a “ can do ” attitude. anaconda : if you watched the movie of the same title, you probably thought it was south american. in actual fact, all i could find were suggestions that ranged from sinhalese henacandaya or whip snake to tamil anaikkonda, which is supposed to mean “ having killed an elephant


most of you have probably never heard of comodo, yet this medium - sized security company is directly responsible for last week ’ s apple security updates for mac os x and ios. in fact, comodo is responsible for security updates issued for every major web browser and consumer operating system over the past few weeks. how does one relatively unknown security company trigger a rash of updates in so many different products? the answer reveals more about flaws in the chain of trust of the internet than any particular product weaknesses. among other aspects of their business, comodo is a provider of the digital certificates that power the encrypted ssl / tls ( generally shortened to just ssl ) connections we use to protect our communications over the internet. whenever you see the little lock icon in the corner of your browser you are using ssl. it means your connection is encrypted, and that, supposedly, the web site you are visiting really is what it says it is. this technology is used to secure your connections to everything from mobileme to your bank. ssl is also used to protect other connections and protocols — including secure email and certain vpns. ssl relies on digital certificates — special files that use different aspects of cryptography, including cryptographic signatures — to build a chain of trust. certificates are used to sign other certificates in a highly secure fashion that identifies every member of the entire chain, allowing your computer to decide who to trust. these chains always lead back to a root certificate authority ( ca ). all web browsers, and most operating systems, include the public certificates for cas trusted by the browser or os manufacturer, which enables your computer to know who to trust without you having to make the decision yourself. normally this system works well. our banks and other online providers purchase ssl certificates from the cas, which validate the identity of the company and issue the certificate ( a file ) signed by the ca. the customer company then installs that file on their web server to enable secure connections. people who don ’ t want to pay for a signed certificate ( which can be expensive ) can generate their own, but since such self - signed certificates aren ’ t signed by a root ca, anyone visiting the site will see a warning from their browser and have to make a manual exception to accept it. ( very large companies often set up their own ca and install their certificate on employee systems to skip this warning ). but there are three cases where the system can break down. in the first, someone creates a fake certificate with the


to accept it. ( very large companies often set up their own ca and install their certificate on employee systems to skip this warning ). but there are three cases where the system can break down. in the first, someone creates a fake certificate with the name of a real site and tricks the user into accepting it. the second problem is if the certificate authority issues a certificate for the wrong company. we ’ ve seen this happen a few times for companies like microsoft, and the electronic frontier foundation ’ s ssl observatory project, which tracks the over 650 cas, found numerous certificates issued for names like “ localhost ” and “ exchange ” that could be used by an attacker in what ’ s called a “ man in the middle attack. ” it ’ s also suspected that less - than - friendly foreign governments issue certificates for known sites to intercept citizen and visitor traffic. the third and final case is what comodo experienced on 15 march 2011. an attacker, believed to be a student from iran, compromised a comodo reseller and issued valid certificates for seven major domains including microsoft, yahoo, skype, and mozilla. comodo responded immediately, adding those certificates to its revocation list, and mozilla and microsoft released updates for firefox and windows on 22 march and 23 march 2011. technically, all browsers and operating systems will check for revoked certificates, but since this activity can be blocked ( and is often disabled ), the only certain way to remove the certificates is by blacklisting them using software updates. apple followed with their updates on 15 april 2011 ( see below ), and rolled in some additional small changes. as well as ssl works, incidents like this highlight the weaknesses in the system ( covered in depth in this excellent economist article by our own glenn fleishman ). with so many certificate authorities, including some with poor business processes, it is nearly impossible to assure that our chain of trust is actually trustworthy. while this shouldn ’ t change your online practices today, it ’ s worth understanding the system and keeping a skeptical eye in case you notice something unusual. meanwhile, here ’ s additional information about apple ’ s updates. ios 4. 3. 2 - - the most significant of the updates, ios 4. 3. 2 goes beyond the security problems to fix an issue that occasionally caused blank or frozen video during a facetime call, and also addresses a problem that prevented some international users from connecting to 3g networks on the 3g ipad. on the security side, along with blacklisting


problems to fix an issue that occasionally caused blank or frozen video during a facetime call, and also addresses a problem that prevented some international users from connecting to 3g networks on the 3g ipad. on the security side, along with blacklisting the spurious updates, ios 4. 3. 2 includes fixes for a problem with library randomization, a pair of webkit vulnerabilities, and a quick look vulnerability. security update 2011 - 002 - - this update, available for mac os x 10. 6. 7 snow leopard ( 4. 43 mb ), 10. 5. 8 leopard ( 241. 35 mb ), and 10. 5. 8 leopard server ( 473. 19 mb ), includes only the fix necessary to blacklist the spurious certificates. ios 4. 2. 7 for iphone ( cdma ) - - this update, available only via itunes, updates ios 4. 2. 5 or 4. 2. 6 running on the cdma - based verizon iphone 4 to address not just the spurious certificates, but also ios 4. 3. 2 ’ s webkit and quick look vulnerabilities. safari 5. 0. 5 - - as you might expect, safari 5. 0. 5 mimics the changes in ios, blacklisting the spurious certificates and rolling in the webkit fixes, which presumably also patch webkit for all other applications that use it ( ranging from itunes to google chrome ). safari 5. 0. 5 requires either mac os x 10. 5. 8 or mac os x 10. 6. 5 or later and is a 46. 83 mb download.


schools require that kids have certain immunizations before they can attend. most vaccinations are given before kids turn two but school - aged children can expect booster shots during their annual visit to the pediatrician. many doctors recommend the following immunizations : hepatitis b vaccine ( hbv ), hepatitis a ( hav ), pneumococcal conjugate vaccine ( pcv ), dtap ( diphtheria, tetanus and petussis ), haemophilus influenzae type b bacteria ( hib ), inactivated poliovirus vaccine ( ipv ), mmr ( measles, mumps, rubella ), varicella ( chickenpox ), mcv4 ( meningitis ), rotavirus, human papillomavirus ( hpv ), and influenza. some immunizations may cause discomfort, pain or fever so be armed with acetaminophen or ibuprofen ( with doctor ' s approval, of course ). why shouldn ' t we vaccinate our children? some parents are uncomfortable having their children receive vaccinations because of potential risks. our advice? talk to your doctor and do your research to make an informed decision about what ' s best for your family. also, read this informative article by howstuffworks. com writer josh clark for more in - depth information. http : / / tlc. discovery. com / family / kids - health / why - shouldnt - we - vaccinate - our - children. html.


when pablo picasso presented his first cubist paintings to the world, even most educated people thought them hideous and irrational, yet his peers saw them to be ingenious. likewise, albert einstein ’ s theory of relativity was equally baffling to the uninitiated. but to those who were knowledgeable about both art and physics, parallels would have been recognized between einstein ’ s new visions of reality and picasso ’ s paintings that could be viewed from multiple points of view in simultaneous space and time. they also would have guessed correctly that picasso ’ s revolutionary paintings were influenced by einstein ’ s visionary physics. and it has become evident to me, after working with science and art students for two years on collaborative projects, that the humanities and sciences must be united – for our collective future success. at the highest levels of innovative thought, art and physics share one common goal : the investigation of reality. art tends to communicate through metaphor and poetics. science communicates through logic and mathematics. both disciplines seek to foster and produce creative and innovative problem solvers. one way students of the arts and sciences can communicate with one another to enhance opportunities for success and educational enrichment is through collaborative activities. two almost overlapping events in orlando – a ucf / national science foundation - sponsored art exhibition and a national physics - students convention – serve as examples where both disciplines were enhanced by the other. one event is a steam exhibition, “ searching for ultimate truth in science and art, ” to be held thursday, nov. 15, from 5 : 30 to 9 p. m. at ucf ’ s center for emerging media in downtown orlando. steam stands for science, technology, engineering, arts and mathematics, and the exhibition of paintings, posters and sculptures responds to and attempts to interpret current breakthroughs and issues in science. the posters are a result of collaborations between science and art students. the works attempt to visually illustrate the complex concepts behind cutting - edge scientific research, some literally and others abstractly. the paintings and sculptures are inspired by various presentations in science and engineering by ucf scientists and their students. in these pieces the art students have attempted to communicate their own imaginative conceptions of reality through visual metaphor. some serve as commentaries on the potentials for both good and harm to humanity and the earth. the other event was the quadrennial physics congress, “ connecting worlds through science and service, ” this past weekend in orlando. the theme was “ scientific citizenship. ” as a brochure announced : “ from global warming to facebook to the international space station


was the quadrennial physics congress, “ connecting worlds through science and service, ” this past weekend in orlando. the theme was “ scientific citizenship. ” as a brochure announced : “ from global warming to facebook to the international space station, we ’ re realizing now, more than ever, how connected we all are – as physicists, as scientists, as members of society, as humans, and as part of a vast universe. ” at the congress, it was repeatedly acknowledged that as scientific research and knowledge become increasingly more specialized and complex, outreach and education becomes more important. two popular sessions during the gathering highlighted that one way to communicate complex ideas is through art and emerging media. an example of a professional who has crossed both disciplines is henry reich, the creator and animator of a popular youtube video series called “ minutephysics ” that explains “ cool topics in physics. ” another example in which science and the humanities converge in contemporary pop culture is the tv sitcom “ the big bang theory. ” at the physics congress we met david saltzberg, who is the science consultant to the show. his contribution is to work with the artists – the script writers, art directors, prop designers and actors – to make sure the science behind the show is correct. university undergraduate and graduate arts programs across the country are encouraging and teaching students to reach out into their communities to initiate and facilitate public art and collaborative art - related activities among citizens. like scientists, artists realize their discipline is in no way isolated. jordan guzman, a bachelor of fine arts painting major, won a first - place award in the art contest at the physics congress in the category of “ connecting worlds. ” she and many other art students at ucf are becoming increasingly intrigued with science, especially physics, because of educational collaborations between the arts and sciences through ucf ’ s 2 - year - old steam project. the first ucf steam exhibition of science - themed artworks was last spring. more than 500 visitors attended the two - day exhibition, many of whom were k - 12 students. the artworks provided a visual doorway to the science behind the images, sparking enthusiasm and conversation about both the science and the art. the show illustrated how images that emerge from collaborations between science and art students can provide provocative points of view to contemplate and discuss outside the traditional science classroom. as florida and other states wrestle with current pressing issues of how best to fund and facilitate effective educational preparedness for future students, perhaps legislators could take a larger view of the long - term issues facing our young people


by dan whitcomb los angeles ( reuters ) - four petroglyphs carved into volcanic rock more than 3, 500 years ago have been hacked out and stolen by thieves who also damaged other engravings at a historic site in california, u. s. authorities said on tuesday. the petroglyphs in the volcanic tablelands east of yosemite represented a " pristine example of great basin rock art " that portrayed the daily hunter - gatherer activities that took place in the area, the bureau of land management said. " the individuals who did this have destroyed an irreplaceable part of our national cultural heritage, " bernadette lovato, bureau of land management field office manager, said in a statement. " we have increased surveillance of our sites and are working with other agencies to bring the responsible parties to justice and to recover the petroglyphs, " lovato said. it was not immediately clear when the petroglyphs, or rock engravings, were removed from the site near california ' s border with nevada. a volunteer monitor first spotted the damage on october 31, bureau spokesman david christy said. " this is terrible. this place is on the national register of historic places, " christy told reuters. " among the rock art community, it ' s known as one of the outstanding examples of rock art. " christy said the thieves would have needed ladders, concrete cutting saws and power generators to cut out the petroglyphs - not a fast or easy job. " this wasn ' t casual, somebody walking around picking up arrowheads. this was a serious effort, " he said. no suspects have been identified so far. christy said the petroglyphs had not yet surfaced on the black market for stolen antiquities. the volcanic tablelands are described by the bureau of land management as a vast volcanic landscape formed more than 700, 000 years ago by materials spewing from the long valley caldera to the northwest. the high - desert site and its volcanic rock outcroppings are listed in the national register of historic places, protected under the archaeological resources protection act and still used by local paiute indians for ceremonies. " the location of archaeological materials, feature remains and the rock art clearly portray the activities that occurred at the site during the last 3, 500 years, " greg haverstock, an archaeologist for the bureau of land management ' s field office in bishop, california, said in a statement. the bureau of land management has offered a $ 1, 000 reward for


march 5, 2008 > do you or a loved one suffer from asthma? do you or a loved one suffer from asthma? washington hospital seminar focuses on the chronic lung disease breathing isn ' t something most of us think about. we just do it. but imagine trying to breathe through a straw. that ' s how many people describe what it feels like to have asthma, a chronic lung disease that affects your ability to breathe. in the last three decades, asthma has become an epidemic. nearly 5 million californians have the disease, according to the american lung association of california. " there is no cure for asthma, but most people can control their symptoms, " said dr. jeffrey kishiyama, an allergist and immunologist who will present an upcoming asthma seminar at washington hospital. " do you or a loved one suffer from asthma? " is scheduled for 1 p. m. on tuesday, march 11, at the conference center next to washington hospital ' s nakamura clinic, 33077 alvarado niles road, in union city. for more information or to reserve a space, call ( 800 ) 963 - 7070. " i will talk about what happens inside your lungs when you have asthma, " kishiyama said. " if you understand what ' s happening, it ' s easier to understand how the medications work. " asthma causes the inside of the airways to become inflamed and swollen, which restricts the flow of air. symptoms include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and trouble breathing, especially at night and in the early morning. however, not all people have these symptoms and symptoms may vary from one asthma episode to the next. they can range from mildly annoying to life - threatening. asthma symptoms also differ in how often they occur. some people have symptoms every day while others only experience them once a week or month. scientists aren ' t sure what causes asthma. it may be a combination of things, including a family history of asthma and allergies. new research also suggests being exposed to tobacco smoke, infections, air pollution, and some allergens early in life may increase your chances of developing asthma. " asthma seems to be a consequence of genes combined with environmental exposures, " kishiyama said. " researchers are investigating what those exposure factors might include. " controlling symptoms is key it is clear that environmental factors such as allergens like dust and pollen and irritants like smoke and air pollution can bring on asthma symptoms. kishiyama will discuss these


are investigating what those exposure factors might include. " controlling symptoms is key it is clear that environmental factors such as allergens like dust and pollen and irritants like smoke and air pollution can bring on asthma symptoms. kishiyama will discuss these and other asthma triggers and the role they play. " people with asthma need to learn how to control their asthma symptoms by avoiding the conditions that bring them on and properly using their prescribed medications, " kishiyama said. he will discuss the various medications available and how they work. there are two main types for controlling asthma symptoms, including quick - relief medicines and long - term therapies. medications that provide instant relief are often called rescue inhalers. they are taken at the first signs of asthma symptoms and provide quick relief by immediately opening up the airways. long - term control medicines are taken every day over long periods of time to prevent symptoms and serious asthma episodes. you don ' t feel the full effects of these medicines until after a couple weeks. it ' s important to work with your doctor to develop an asthma self - management plan for keeping your asthma under control. these plans include the medications you should take and how often along with other steps you need to take to properly manage your asthma. with proper asthma management, most people with the disease can keep their symptoms under control and live a normal life. but when asthma goes uncontrolled or undiagnosed, it can be life - threatening. to learn more about asthma, attend the upcoming seminar. to reserve a space, call ( 800 ) 963 - 7070. for more information about other washington hospital programs and services, visit www. whhs. com.


finding resources for an academic paper an academic paper focuses on an argument the author supports. in it, an author may include a literature review, or a section exploring the sources on the subject, combining both summary and synthesis of information. the university of florida libraries offers hundreds of databases researchers can use to explore the literature and find resources important for developing an argument. at the education library, resources collected support the 26 academic degree programs in the college of education focusing on teaching and learning ; educational administration and policy ; special education ; counselor education ; and educational psychology. this breadth of resources can be overwhelming. to help reduce the anxiety of research, this guide and each subject page ( linked above ) are intended to help navigate the researcher through the variety of book and article resources available. finding library books search the library catalog to locate books, electronic books, multimedia, reports and other materials held by the education library and other uf libraries across campus. using the subject headings found in the full record for materials matching your research interests can lead you to other resources held by the libraries. note too that you can also browse library books using call numbers to locate specific ranges appropriate for your topics. use this browsing guide to discover where to begin! database selection is an important step in the literature review process. the librarians at the education library have identified key databases for use by researchers and students interested in topics in education. these databases have varying coverage of publication types ( including journals, magazines, newspapers, conference proceedings, reviews, reports and book articles ) and coverage dates, but all contain resources for research in education. many contain full text content which enables the researcher to view the full article online. because the libraries pay for access to these databases, they require login when used off campus. please review this access page to learn how uf affiliates can connect to these resources. articles and other secondary sources of information are available using education full text ( 1983 to date ) and education full - text retrospective ( 1929 - 1983 ). the professional development collection is also useful for educators to find appropriate literature. in addition, eric, which is a collection sponsored by the u. s. department of education, institute of education sciences, provides access to journal articles, books, research syntheses, conference papers, technical reports, policy papers, and other education - related materials. the eric database provides bibliographic information of more than 1. 1 million citations on education topics going back to 1966 and also provides full text sources. other article databases with citation or full text coverage include jstor


and other education - related materials. the eric database provides bibliographic information of more than 1. 1 million citations on education topics going back to 1966 and also provides full text sources. other article databases with citation or full text coverage include jstor ( full e - journal database ), academic search premier ( multidisciplinary database with full text ), web of science ( multidisciplinary citation database ), and lexisnexis academic ( full text newspaper database with limited legal ( court cases and legislative ) and medical resources ). other databases listed on the key databases page offer specific subject emphasis for counseling and psychology topics ( psycnet, psycinfo, and mental measurements yearbook ( a comprehensive guide to over 2, 000 contemporary testing instruments ) ). though these are the recommended databases to use for topics in education, more education databases are available. please note that because some of these databases only provide the citation and abstract, you will need to click on the to discover if the article is available in full text from another subscription database or if the journal is held in the collection ( search uf library catalog ). finding other sources of information other types of information, such as statistics, may be necessary to support your argument. the educational statistics page provides links to many resources that can lead to statistical information. some general information can be found in encyclopedic and other reference sources ; visit the education library reference collection in norman hall, or the gale virtual library which includes several education ( and related subject ) reference sources.


well it ’ s been quite a while, but i think i can carve out the time to move forwards again. i was all set to start with lie algebras today, only to find that i ’ ve already defined them over a year ago. so let ’ s pick up with a recap : a lie algebra is a module — usually a vector space over a field — called and give it a bilinear operation which we write as. we often require such operations to be associative, but this time we impose the following two conditions : now, as long as we ’ re not working in a field where — and usually we ’ re not — we can use bilinearity to rewrite the first condition : so. this antisymmetry always holds, but we can only go the other way if the character of is not, as stated above. the second condition is called the “ jacobi identity ”, and antisymmetry allows us to rewrite it as : that is, bilinearity says that we have a linear mapping that sends an element to a linear endomorphism in. and the jacobi identity says that this actually lands in the subspace of “ derivations ” — those which satisfy something like the leibniz rule for derivatives. to see what i mean, compare to the product rule : where takes the place of, takes the place of, and takes the place of. and the operations are changed around. but you should see the similarity. lie algebras obviously form a category whose morphisms are called lie algebra homomorphisms. just as we might expect, such a homomorphism is a linear map that preserves the bracket : we can obviously define subalgebras and quotient algebras. subalgebras are a bit more obvious than quotient algebras, though, being just subspaces that are closed under the bracket. quotient algebras are more commonly called “ homomorphic images ” in the literature, and we ’ ll talk more about them later. we will take as a general assumption that our lie algebras are finite - dimensional, though infinite - dimensional ones absolutely exist and are very interesting. and i ’ ll finish the recap by reminding you that we can get lie algebras from associative algebras ; any associative algebra can be given a bracket defined by the above link shows that this satisfies the jacobi identity, or you can take it as an exercise.


360 pp., 6. 125 x 9. 25, 22 illus., 7 tables, appends., notes, bibl., index in a provocative assessment of american poverty and policy from 1950 to the present, frank stricker examines an era that has seen serious discussion about the causes of poverty and unemployment. analyzing the war on poverty, theories of the culture of poverty and the underclass, the effects of reaganomics, and the 1996 welfare reform, stricker demonstrates that most antipoverty approaches are futile without the presence ( or creation ) of good jobs. stricker notes that since the 1970s, u. s. poverty levels have remained at or above 11 %, despite training programs and periods of economic growth. the creation of jobs has continued to lag behind the need for them. stricker argues that a serious public debate is needed about the job situation ; social programs must be redesigned, a national health care program must be developed, and economic inequality must be addressed. he urges all sides to be honest - - if we don ' t want to eliminate poverty, then we should say so. but if we do want to reduce poverty significantly, he says, we must expand decent jobs and government income programs, redirecting national resources away from the rich and toward those with low incomes. why america lost the war on poverty - - and how to win it is sure to prompt much - needed debate on how to move forward. " what is most powerful about stricker ' s overview is how he consistently presents the political and economic decisions that have sustained poverty over a half century. " - - journal of social history " trac [ es ] poverty policy and programs in the united states from a refreshingly structuralist point of view.... an impressive account of the historical mechanics of poverty in the united states and a rich description of how politics and culture shape the poverty discussion and resulting policy interventions. " - - journal of sociology and social welfare " no other book so effectively locates antipoverty policy right where it belongs, in america ’ s political economy.... on economic policy, stricker is provocative and incisive. " " frank stricker ' s iconoclastic book uses historical analysis to challenge the conventional wisdom about the nature of poverty in america. this is a sobering but engrossing account of an important subject, written with scholarly authority in an entertaining, even inviting, style. " - - edward d. berkowitz, george


wed december 5, 2012 how history created the cult of the catcher neal conan, host : earlier this week, deacon white was elected to the baseball hall of fame. and yes, we know, you ' ve never heard of him. white ' s career began in 1871, at the dawn of professional baseball. he played catcher in the days when catchers use no equipment at all : no glove, no pads, no facemask. they became heroes celebrated for their courage and their wits, and deacon white stood out as one of the best. baseball historian peter morris serves on what used to be called the veteran ' s committee at cooperstown. it ' s now called the pre - integration era committee. he ' s also the author of " catcher : how the man behind the plate became an american folk hero " and joins us now from the studios at michigan radio in ann arbor. good to have you with us today. peter morris : my pleasure to be here, neal. conan : and in your book, you argue that the generation that came of age after the civil war looked around for some heroes and found them behind home plate. morris : yeah. it ' s hard to understand today just how much the catcher, especially in the 1870s, dominated the baseball game. a single baseball game was - really revolved around the catcher ' s ability to harness what the pitcher was pitching, and everything revolves around that. the pitcher couldn ' t use his best pitches if he had - he didn ' t have confident - confidence in the catcher. so he really was a sort of iconic folk hero, dominated the game in a way that i think no player ever has before or since and - at a point to where people resented it and would say, you know, this is a game played by two players while the other seven just kind of watch. conan : the pitcher and the catcher and everybody else watches. the catcher ' s - well, we are familiar with the crouched position right behind home plate. that was not what they did in the 1870s. morris : no. they stood, sometimes a little stooped but mostly straight up, and they would just catch the ball and be ready to throw it to bases immediately. and the way that they would throw it sort of made them look like gunslingers. and so that really fed into the whole icon of them, the whole idea of them as american folk heroes. conan : folk heroes. give us some idea. you quote any number of sources, literary and otherwise, in your book who worshipped these