geneticists join forces for autism sequencing push researchers have launched an effort to yoke together disparate gene sequencing projects in the u. s., canada and the u. k., aiming to double the number of known autism - related genes in the next three to four years. the effort, spearheaded by the autism sequencing consortium ( asc ), a loose organization of more than 20 independent research groups, plans to pull together 20, 000 exome sequences — the protein - coding parts of the genome — that have either already been completed or are under way at various institutions. it also aims to sequence another 10, 000 exomes. mining these sequences should yield 50 to 100 novel autism risk genes, says joseph buxbaum, asc ’ s co - director and director of the seaver autism center at mount sinai school of medicine in new york city. a flurry of recent studies in autism genetics points to a model in which many rare, spontaneous — or de novo — mutations underlie the disease, and researchers increasingly believe they will need tens of thousands of samples to identify the genes involved. the only way to achieve that sample size, the researchers say, is through collaboration. “ most people historically thought they could do this on their own, ” says buxbaum. “ nobody believes that anymore. ” the asc formed in early 2010 to accelerate gene discovery in autism by sharing resources and data. it has several funders, including the national institutes of health ( nih ), the research and advocacy organization autism speaks, and the simons foundation, sfari. org ’ s parent organization. those studies together identified three new autism genes, confirmed three others, and found scores of candidate mutations to be examined. calculations from the nature studies and a related paper from michael wigler ’ s lab at cold spring harbor laboratory in new york suggest that the total number of genes contributing to autism lies somewhere between 400 and 1, 000. “ that ’ s the landscape, ” says buxbaum — not just for autism but probably for many childhood - onset developmental disorders. “ there has to be very strong selection against those variants, so they have to be de novo or recent, and they have to be rare. ” the researchers hope to fund the project with a $ 4. 5 million grant from the nih, for which they submitted a proposal last month. the money would allow for some sequencing, but would primarily go towards establishing a bioinformatics infrastructure at a central hub, located at mount sinai. one of the main goals —


from the nih, for which they submitted a proposal last month. the money would allow for some sequencing, but would primarily go towards establishing a bioinformatics infrastructure at a central hub, located at mount sinai. one of the main goals — and challenges — of the project will be to develop the bioinformatics and statistical methods necessary for analyzing enormous datasets, and for working with sequences pooled from different sources. the asc has a ‘ variant calling group ’ for correctly identifying meaningful variants in the sequences, says buxbaum. “ [ their ] job will be to either develop or compare existing tools, and have bake - offs to figure out which ones actually work, ” he says. “ we ’ re actually trying to make it open source in the end so that anybody can use it for anything. ” another issue is the agreement to share data before they ’ re published — a driving principle of the group. the principal investigators of the april nature papers are all asc members, so the teams were able to confirm their findings by comparing them to one another ’ s prior to publication. “ the ability to share data led to the identification of genes that no single group would have identified alone, ” says state. asc members have to agree that although individual groups can analyze and publish results from their own samples, data produced by the consortium will be published by the asc as a whole. according to state, most asc members are already participating in sample collections in which making data available to colleagues is the norm. “ prospective data sharing is a bit fraught, ” buxbaum says, but people who didn ’ t think it was feasible when the asc first launched are starting to come around. “ the level of trust increases with time. ” the planned central data repository will not only simplify sharing by entering the data in a single format, it also appeases concerns of rogue usage by recording analyses, he notes. “ undoubtedly pooling data on 30, 000 exomes is going to give us information we couldn ’ t have gotten from individual studies, ” notes jonathan sebat, associate professor of psychiatry and molecular medicine at the university of california, san diego, who is not a member of the asc. he cautions, however, that exome - sequencing research is still evolving, and the kind of innovation needed to generate computational tools is more likely to come from fired - up postdoctoral fellows in individual labs than from a single centralized effort. funding those sorts of efforts will be even more difficult,


new comet discovered! big show possible for earth … tuesday update 5pm september 25, 2012 leave a comment big sun - diving comet discovered : astronomy forums are buzzing with speculation about newly - discovered comet c / 2012 s1 ( ison ). currently located beyond the orbit of jupiter, comet ison is heading for a very close encounter with the sun next year. in nov. 2013, it will pass less than 0. 012 au ( 1. 8 million km ) from the solar surface. the fierce heating it experiences then could turn the comet into a bright naked - eye object. much about this comet – and its ultimate fate – remains unknown. “ at this stage we ’ re just throwing darts at the board, ” says karl battams of the nasa - supported sungrazer comet project, who lays out two possibilities : “ in the best case, the comet is big, bright, and skirts the sun next november. it would be extremely bright — negative magnitudes maybe — and naked - eye visible for observers in the northern hemisphere for at least a couple of months. ” “ alternately, comets can and often do fizzle out! comet elenin springs to mind as a recent example, but there are more famous examples of comets that got the astronomy community seriously worked up, only to fizzle. this is quite possibly a ‘ new ’ comet coming in from the oort cloud, meaning this could be its first - ever encounter with the sun. if so, with all those icy volatiles intact and never having been truly stressed ( thermally and gravitationally ), the comet could well disrupt and dissipate weeks or months before reaching the sun. ” “ either of the above scenarios is possible, as is anything in between, ” battams says. “ there ’ s no doubt that comet ison will be closely watched. because the comet is so far away, however, our knowledge probably won ’ t develop much for at least a few more months. ” meanwhile, noted comet researcher john bortle has pointed out a curious similarity between the orbit of comet ison and that of the great comet of 1680. “ purely as speculation, ” he says, “ perhaps the two bodies could have been one a few revolutions ago. ” stay tuned for updates. send us your weather pictures! send them to firstname. lastname @ example. org. also, look us up on facebook and twitter. like us on facebook by searching facebook. com / wvuaweather or wvua - tv weather.


after the service we gathered at mary mahoney ’ s old french house restaurant in biloxi to share our sadness at jesse ’ s passing and to celebrate the joy of having known him. standing in the courtyard at the restaurant, i noticed a plaque on the wall about 15 feet high marking katrina ’ s storm surge and a huge live oak purported to be 2, 000 years old. one of the reports i read regarding katrina noted that 6, 000 of the 25, 000 homes and businesses along biloxi boulevard were destroyed by katrina ’ s surge. however, the majority of stately live oaks survived, as did most of their cousins in new orleans. one has to wonder how many hurricanes these ancient inhabitants of the coastal cheniers and marshes have endured. have live oaks endured and thrived in their coastal habitats because of their natural habits, or have their environs shaped them over eons? like most of nature and natural processes, it is probably a combination of the two, but one thing is sure — if you were going to design a hurricane - proof tree, the live oak would be the template to start with. their thick, squat trunks and low spreading canopy create a kind of “ spoiler ” that directs the wind up and over the tree. plus, the live oak is well grounded. its heavy roots reach out to the width of the canopy. remember “ old ironsides? ” the u. s. s. constitution built in 1799 earned that nickname when british cannonballs bounced off her hull during the war of 1812. well, those iron sides were actually live oak. this toughness led to the live oak being the first tree actively preserved in the u. s. by 1845 the government owned more than a quarter of a million acres of predominantly live oak forest across five southern states. dr. edwin lewis stephens of what is now university of louisiana in lafayette created the live oak society in 1934. all members of the los, except the chairman — currently coleen perilloux landry of metairie, la. — are trees. los ’ s current president is the “ seven sisters oak ” of mandeville, la. the oak is believed to be more than 1, 200 years old and has a girth of more than 38 feet. it makes me wonder if the live oak my mom planted in our backyard in mer rouge, la., when my oldest brother was born is still standing. i know it was a few years back, but i didn ’ t pass by that old vacant lot on my


the current u. s. population of red imported fire ants — which infest millions of acres across the southern states — can be traced back to nine to 20 queens in mobile, ala. that ' s according to a genetic study by d. dewayne shoemaker, agricultural research service ( ars ) entomologist, and kenneth g. ross, university of georgia entomologist. the results are reported in the proceedings of the royal society, biological sciences. the red imported fire ant ( solenopsis invicta ), native to south america, is a major invasive pest insect and is considered by the world conservation unit to be among the top 100 worst invasive alien species. in their study, the scientists found that those original nine to 20 queens stowed away on a boat, presumably each with their worker force, and began populating the united states in the mid - 1930s. these ants spread outward from the purported initial landing spot in mobile. pinpointing the number of queens needed to account for the genetic diversity in the current population allows researchers to better develop biologically - based management practices, predict the invasive potential of the species, and make inferences about the ecological and evolutionary processes. because of the red imported fire ant ' s status as a major pest, an enormous amount of research has been conducted on the basic biology of the species over the past 40 years, making it one of the better known invasive organisms. individuals from two populations in south america and six populations across the southern united states were collected for genetic analysis. data collected substantiates the theory that there is a close genetic resemblance of ants collected near mobile to a hypothetical, reconstructed ancestral population. however, the data also raises the possibility of a secondary introduction at a location 60 miles west of mobile. further genetic analysis will improve knowledge of the reproductive biology, population demographics, genetics and invasive history of red imported fire ants which may assist in controlling them. ars is a scientific research agency of the u. s. department of agriculture.


maury regional encourages participation in national wear red day to promote awareness of cardiovascular disease. maury regional medical center ( mrmc ) is encouraging individuals to assist them in promoting awareness of cardiovascular disease by participating in national wear red day on february 1. the annual event provides americans an opportunity to show their support for women ’ s heart health by wearing red. cardiovascular disease remains the number one killer of both men and women, according to the american heart association : - heart disease causes 1 in 3 women ’ s deaths each year, killing approximately one woman every minute. - an estimated 43 million women in the u. s. are affected by heart disease. - ninety percent of women have one or more risk factors for developing heart disease. - since 1984, more women than men have died each year from heart disease. - the symptoms of heart disease can be different in women and men, and are often misunderstood. - while 1 in 31 american women dies from breast cancer each year, 1 in 3 dies of heart disease. - only 1 in 5 american women believe that heart disease is her greatest health threat. - women comprise only 24 percent of participants in all heart - related studies. “ increasing awareness about the threat of this disease is imperative to changing these statistics for women, ” said administrative director of cardiovascular services cathy malone. “ both men and women should be more aware of the signs and symptoms and contact 9 - 1 - 1 immediately if they think they may be having a problem. ” warning signs of a heart attack include tightness or pain in the chest, discomfort in other parts of the upper body such as the back or jaw, shortness of breath, unusual fatigue and nausea. individuals may not experience all of these signs together and warning signs often present differently in women than men. anyone who thinks they might be experiencing heart problems should call 9 - 1 - 1 immediately. according to malone, emergency responders are equipped to begin treatment immediately and relay vital information to the hospital while in route to the emergency department. physicians and staff are then waiting for the patient and can begin treatment immediately. treatments may include intervention in the cardiac catheterization lab to open the blocked vessel or, in severe cases, open heart surgery. “ time is heart muscle, ” said malone. “ once you have damage, it can ’ t be reversed. that ’ s why it is so important to call 9 - 1 - 1. ” mrmc has been recognized as one of the 50 top cardiovascular hospitals in the united states and is an accredited level iii chest pain center by the society


t be reversed. that ’ s why it is so important to call 9 - 1 - 1. ” mrmc has been recognized as one of the 50 top cardiovascular hospitals in the united states and is an accredited level iii chest pain center by the society of cardiovascular patient care. mrmc ’ s healthy hearts education group offers quarterly programs to promote self - care and management of heart disease. healthy hearts will next meet on february 28 at 6 p. m. in the william r. walter educational conference room of the mrmc annex at 1223½ trotwood avenue in columbia. there is no charge to attend meetings and the public is invited. for more information, call 381. 1111, extension 4343. about maury regional medical center : maury regional medical center is a 275 - bed facility that serves more than 260, 000 people in southern middle tennessee and has a medical staff of more than 200 physicians. from a comprehensive interventional and surgical heart program to a neonatal intensive care and cancer center, the medical center offers a wide range of advanced services. the medical center has been recognized by thomson reuters in 2011 and 2012 as one of the nation ’ s top health systems and, over the past three years has been designated a thomson reuters 100 top hospital and 50 top cardiovascular hospital. maury regional serves as the flagship for a group of facilities including marshall medical center in lewisburg, wayne medical center in waynesboro, lewis health center in hohenwald and spring hill health center in spring hill. a second facility will open in spring hill in 2013. for more information, visit mauryregional. com. members of the maury regional medical center / vanderbilt heart cardiology team got together to remind the community that february 1 has been designated as wear red day by the american heart association. heart disease is the number one killer of both men and women. pictured from left to right are outpatient cardiology nurse manager kellyanne dandridge, cardiologist kevin maquiling, m. d., administrative director of cardiovascular services cathy malone and department support coordinator for cardiovascular services christy wells. category : events, fundraisers & announcements


usually, when someone requests a page that doesn ’ t exist, a server will return a 404 ( not found ) error. this http response code clearly tells both browsers and search engines that the page doesn ’ t exist. as a result, the content of the page ( if any ) won ’ t be crawled or indexed by search engines. about soft 404s in addition to returning a 404 code in response to a request for a page that doesn ’ t exist, the server will also display a 404 page. this may be a standard " file not found " message, or it could be a custom page designed to provide the user with additional information. the content of the page is entirely unrelated to the http response returned by the server. just because a page displays a 404 file not found message doesn ’ t mean that it ’ s a 404 page. it ' s like a giraffe wearing a name tag that says " dog. " just because it says it ' s a dog, doesn ' t mean it ' s actually a dog. similarly, just because a page says 404, doesn ' t mean it ' s returning a 404. you can use fetch as google ( or other tools available on the web ) to verify whether the url is actually returning the correct code. returning a code other than 404 or 410 for a non - existent page ( or redirecting users to another page, such as the homepage, instead of returning a 404 ) can be problematic. firstly, a page like this ( called a " soft " 404 ) tells search engines that there ’ s a real page at that url. as a result, that url may be crawled and its content indexed. because of the time googlebot spends on non - existent pages, your unique urls may not be discovered as quickly or visited as frequently and your site ’ s crawl coverage may be impacted ( also, you probably don ’ t want your site to rank well for the search query [ file not found ] ). we recommend that you always return a 404 ( not found ) or a 410 ( gone ) response code in response to a request for a non - existing page. you can improve the user experience by configuring your site to display a custom 404 page when returning a 404 response code. for example, you could create a page containing a list of your most popular pages, or a link to your home page, or a feedback link. you can also use the webmaster tools custom 404 widget to add a search box and more site


earlier that day, the president of germany, paul von hindenburg, had appointed hitler chancellor ( similar to prime minister ). having won more than than 37 percent of the vote in the previous year ' s legislative elections, hitler ' s nazi party had enough power to effectively paralyze germany ' s democratic government, which had been in place since 1919. hindenburg hoped that by appointing hitler, he could satisfy nazi legislators and break the deadlock, while maintaining control of the government behind the scenes. his miscalculation led to disaster for germany, for europe, and for the world. how was hitler, probably the most ruthless dictator of the 20th century, able to come to power in a democratic germany 75 years ago? and could something like it happen again? to think about these questions, it helps to understand the circumstances in germany at the time that helped hitler and his nazi party gain power. impact of versailles by the early 1930s, germany was in desperate shape. its defeat in world war i and the harsh conditions imposed by the united states, britain, and france in the 1919 treaty of versaillesincluding debilitating reparation payments to the victorshad left germany humiliated and impoverished, with ruinous inflation eating away at its economy. the worldwide depression that followed the 1929 u. s. stock market crash exacerbated the situation as banks failed, factories closed, and millions of people lost their jobs. it all made for fertile ground for hitler ' s radical nationalist ideology. the nazis ( short for national socialists ) promised to stop reparation payments, to give all germans jobs and food, and to make them proud to be german again. and they blamed jews for most of germany ' s problems. by 1930, when the nazis won 18 percent of the vote, it was effectively impossible to govern germany without nazi support, according to ian kershaw, a history professor at sheffield university in england. and that led to president hindenburg ' s gamble to appoint hitler chancellor in january 1933. less than a month later, hitler used the fire that destroyed the reichstag, the parliament building in berlin, as an excuse to declare a state of emergency and suspend democratic protections such as freedom of speech. ( at the time, hitler blamed the communists, but many historians believe the nazis set the fire themselves. ) it marked, in effect, the death of german democracy and the beginning of hitler ' s reign of terror. within months, the first concentration camp was opened in the bavarian town of dachau. the first prisoners


nazis set the fire themselves. ) it marked, in effect, the death of german democracy and the beginning of hitler ' s reign of terror. within months, the first concentration camp was opened in the bavarian town of dachau. the first prisoners were political opponents of the regime. but it wasn ' t long before other groups that the nazis deemed undesirable were rounded up and sent away : in particular, jews, homosexuals, and gypsies. the sshitler ' s elite paramilitary forcehad long been terrorizing germany ' s jews, beating them up and vandalizing their businesses. the nazis believed that germans, part of what they called the aryan race, were racially superior to jews. in 1935, their racist beliefs became official german policy with the passage of the nuremberg laws, which stripped german jews of citizenship and laid the groundwork for the horrors to follow. on nov. 9, 1938, the nazis orchestrated a nationwide wave of attacks on jewish businesses, homes, and synagogues. almost 100 jews were killed, and thousands were arrested and sent to concentration camps. the night became known as kristallnachtthe night of broken glass. at the same time, hitler was moving germany steadily toward war. in 1935, he began rebuilding germany ' s military, in violation of the versailles treaty. in 1938, he annexed austria and the sudetenland, a region of western czechoslovakia where many ethnic germans lived, making both part of germany. then, on sept. 1, 1939, germany launched a surprise attack on poland and conquered it so quickly that the term blitzkrieg, or " lightning war, " was coined. on september 3, after germany ignored their demands to withdraw, britain and france declared war. world war ii had begun. by 1942, a year after germany began implementing the final solutiondetailed plans for the systematic extermination of all of europe ' s jewsit had conquered much of europe, from france to the outskirts of stalingrad in the soviet union ( see map below ). as more jews came under their control, the germans herded them into crowded ghettos in preparation for mass deportations to concentration camps across europe, where they died of disease, starvation, and overwork, or were systematically murdered in the gas chambers. six million jewsthe vast majority of europe ' s jewish communityultimately perished in the holocaust. by the time the war in europe ( and in the pacific, the war against japan ) ended in 1945, 48 million people worldwide had died


chambers. six million jewsthe vast majority of europe ' s jewish communityultimately perished in the holocaust. by the time the war in europe ( and in the pacific, the war against japan ) ended in 1945, 48 million people worldwide had died, and much of europe was in ruins. these distant events still echo today. indeed, with the world now facing great tensions and instability, the question of whether such a monstrous dictator could again come to power and threaten the world seems more relevant than ever, says kershaw, the historian. lessons for today around the globe, skilled politicians have been able to manipulate populist, nationalist, or racist feelings to advance authoritarian rule, according to kershaw. in the 1990s, for example, the president of serbia, slobodan milosevic, used nationalist rhetoric reminiscent of the nazis to launch a campaign of ethnic cleansing and war in the balkan region of europe. in recent years, president vladimir putin has gradually moved russia in an authoritarian direction, and president hugo chavez has done the same in venezuela, though his attempt to be named president for life was defeated in a referendum last year. in zimbabwe, a once prosperous african nation now in ruins, president robert mugabe has used brutal force to stifle opposition and stay in power for 28 years. but, as kershaw points out, there are international organizations today that didn ' t exist in 1933such as the united nations and the european unionthat would put up some roadblocks to the rise of a dictator bent on world conquest. nevertheless, it ' s clear the world needs to stay on guard. " we always have to be watchful of a politician who announces that his country ' s destiny is determined by expansion, whether it ' s a land grab or a political and economic domination, " says historian peter black of the holocaust museum in washington. " clearly, hitler ' s statements as a politician were plenty concerning if people had taken them seriously. " today, a key question for democracies is how to balance the fight against threats like islamic terrorism with democratic freedoms. and that, black says, is the second lesson to take from hitler ' s rise to power. " a politician who ' s prepared to sacrifice basic rights for security, that ' s something for a citizen of any democratic society to be concerned about, " he says. " whether you ' re looking at the soviet union or germany, the move toward authoritarian dictatorship doesn ' t necessarily make the country more secure, and the cost to the population is very


if you have a disability, think about how your disability may affect your response to a fire emergency and talk it over with others. the fire department can help you plan ahead for a safe escape. be sure to include other members of your household in your escape plan. before attempting any of the following suggestions, we strongly encourage all viewers disabled or not to check with their primary care physician. not all disabilities are the same, some paras and quads have more flexibility than others with the same level of injury. a newly disabled individual may not have achieved the confidence level as a person in their third, fourth or greater year of living with a disability. with all suggestions we strongly encourage all participants to practice, let your families, friends and care attendants know of these guidelines. devices for people with disabilities : smoke detectors for the deaf and hard of hearing carbon monoxide detectors for the deaf and hard of hearing paraplegic ( full upper body mobility ) - speed wheel to exit - leaning as low as possible in the wheelchair, grab wheel rims and wheel forward steering with hands towards exit. staying as low as possible lowers your chest and head, i. e. respiratory system from toxic fumes and smoke. paraplegic ( limited upper body mobility ) - if possible, attempt the speed wheel maneuver. you may need to practice this maneuver in your home to be timed. you will have just a few seconds to escape a smoke filled room. quadriplegic ( limited hand and arm mobility ) - if living independently, have an exit door to the outside with a fire - proof ramp for escape. a wooden ramp will burn if the fire is intense enough and spreads. if in a power wheelchair, lean forward if possible and aim for the door using your joy stick for maneuverability. quadriplegic ( no hand or arm mobility ) - if living in a residential or group home, make certain the attendants know the exit locations and have full access ( cleared exits, not blocked by objects ) for the residents to escape. if using a mouthpiece for controlling the joy stick, attempt to maneuver towards the door. remember there will be smoke and fumes in the room. you will be having problems breathing. escape must be immediate. do not wait to be rescued. practice drills must be done monthly for safety for all. walkers and braces ( ability to stand for a limited time unaided ) - if possible, get down on the floor and crawl while dragging your walker, canes or braces behind or beside you. if this is not possible,


for all. walkers and braces ( ability to stand for a limited time unaided ) - if possible, get down on the floor and crawl while dragging your walker, canes or braces behind or beside you. if this is not possible, then crawl to the exit and if safe from smoke and flames open the door and crawl outside. drag yourself to a safe place. walkers and braces ( no ability to stand without support ) - lower yourself to the floor and crawl dragging your assistive devices with you towards the exit. this will take a few extra seconds. practicing the dragging and crawling method are encouraged with the guidance of family members, friends or care attendants to help guide and support your efforts. blind ( no vision including light or darkness ) - drop to the ground with your white cane and using the cane for direction crawl towards the exit door. once at the door feel and smell for heat or smoke, if none is detected then open the door slowly and crawl outside until you are your full body length from the door and then get to a standing position. using your cane get to a safe place in your yard or business and yell for assistance. blind ( ability to distinguish light ) - dropping to the ground using the technique described above safely escape outside. low vision ( ability to see with magnification aides ) - you can use the same technique as for blind individuals. night blindness - you will be at a slight disadvantage having night blindness. if you do not use a white cane or other mobility guidance device you must use your hands and legs to feel for obstacles in your path to the exit door. use your other senses, smell the smoke ( without inhaling it ), listen for sounds, and allow the familiarity of these senses guide you to the exit door. it is a good idea to practice this technique at night in your own home without the lights on for getting comfortable with this method. panic can and will set in immediately, familiarity with your surroundings and practice will lessen the fears. tunnel vision - you also will be at a disadvantage. with tunnel vision, your eyes are focused on one object, you need to practice moving your line of vision around your surroundings as you are crawling towards the exit door. you don ' t want in your escape attempt to not realize or sense the obstacles that may be blocking your exit. deaf ( no ability to hear sounds ) - have installed in your home and business a visual smoke alarm with a strobe light for warning. when the alarm strobe lights up, escape safely out of


obstacles that may be blocking your exit. deaf ( no ability to hear sounds ) - have installed in your home and business a visual smoke alarm with a strobe light for warning. when the alarm strobe lights up, escape safely out of the home or business to an outside area for safety. ( remember to crawl low under the smoke ). make friends with your neighbors and alert them to the fact you are deaf and may not be able to communicate with them without assistance. teach them a few emergency signs, such as help, fire, police, and ambulance. deaf ( using hearing aids and able to distinguish some sounds ) - have a visual smoke alarm installed in your home and business. when the alarm strobe lights, get out immediately, remembering to crawl low under the smoke, and ask neighbors, business associates whomever to call for help. hard of hearing ( using aides and able to distinguish sounds ) - if necessary for hearing loss have a visual smoke alarm installed in your home or business. know where your exit doors are and when the alarm sounds or lights up escape immediately using the nearest exit door. remember to crawl low under the smoke. mental disabilities - when the smoke alarm sounds, stop what you are doing immediately. remember where you are, which room in your home. look for the nearest exit door that goes outside. walk covering your mouth to the door and feel for heat or smoke. if you don ' t feel or see any open the door and go outside to a safe place but still on the same property and wait for the fire department people to arrive. if the smoke is real thick and you start coughing, get down on the floor and crawl to the door. cognitive disabilities ( speech, developmental, learning ) - when the smoke alarm sounds, stop what you are doing immediately. look for the door outside. listen for sounds and then go towards the door. if there isn ' t any smoke or fire, then feel the closed door for heat. if it is cold open it and go outside. yell for help and then go sit in the yard or parking lot away from cars and wait for the fire department people to arrive. traumatic head or brain injuries - when the smoke alarm sounds, stop what you are doing immediately. look for the door outside and go to it now. if it is not hot and doesn ' t smell smoky open it and step outside and yell for help. walk away from the house a couple of feet and wait for the fire department people to arrive. your assistive devices - do they


it now. if it is not hot and doesn ' t smell smoky open it and step outside and yell for help. walk away from the house a couple of feet and wait for the fire department people to arrive. your assistive devices - do they go with you when evacuated? of course they do. • wheelchairs - if not evacuated with or in them, make certain they are removed for your safe mobility. a person using a wheelchair does not necessarily have the ability to walk without the wheelchair. to evacuate a wheelchair user and not retrieve the chair for the person will endanger the person. some chair users must be in an upright sitting position for full chest and respiratory ability. • walkers, canes, and braces - these must be evacuated with the person. they are stabilizing the person and allowing them the ability to stand and move. without these devices they will be unable to move and could possibly fall or collapse causing further damage to their body. • white canes - the blind individual needs this cane for guiding their walking. without it they have problems distinguishing obstacles in their path and will possibly stumble and fall causing further injury. a special note - many disabled individuals now have the use of working - assistance dogs. they may be large breed dogs or a small breed. they are to be evacuated with the person also. they are part of the disabled persons mobility or life aids. these dogs are highly trained and are the attendants the disabled chose to use. should the working - assistance dog get smoke inhalation and be unconscious they must receive respiratory care as any individual would. they do ride with the person in the ambulance, to the hospital, enter the hospital and stay with the person till the disabled person gives their emergency contact person permission to hold the dog for them. the working - assistance dogs are not to be taken from their owner. this is a federal law and all 50 states have laws for working - assistance dogs, their owners and interference with them. the above information was obtained from : helpu fire and life safety email : email @ example. com website : office : ( 757 ) 221 - 0542


this may be one of the best examples of what the word " philosophy " meant to plato. it also shows that not much has changed after 2, 500 years. socrates is speaking before a tribunal of about 250 politicians that will decide whether he should be put to death. he tells how he had attracted so many enemies for doing nothing wrong. this ancient prince of calmness, reason and sarcasm explains : " well, chaerephon, as you know, was very impetuous in all his doings, and he went to delphi and boldy asked the oracle to tell him whether there was anyone wiser than i was, and the pythian prophetess answered that there was no man wiser why did i mention this? because i am going to explain to you why i have such an evil name. when i heard the answer, i said to myself, what can the god mean? and what is the interpretation of this riddle? for i know that i have no wisdom, small or great. what can he mean when he says that i am the wisest of men? and yet he is a god and cannot lie ; that would be against his nature. after long consideration, i at last thought of a method of trying the question. i reflected that if i could only find a man wiser than myself, then i might go to the god with a refutation in my hand. i should say to him, " here is a man who is wiser than i am ; but you said that i was the wisest. " accordingly i went to one who had the reputation of wisdom... and the result was as follows : when i began to talk with him, i could not help thinking that he was not really wise, although he was thought wise by many, and wiser still by himself ; and i went and tried to explain to him that he thought himself wise, but was not really wise ; and the consequence was that he hated me, and his enmity was shared by several who were present and heard me. so i left him, saying to myself, as i went away : well, altough i do not suppose that either of us knows aything really beautiful and good, i am better off than he is - for he knows nothing, and thinks that he knows. i neither know nor think that i know. in this latter particular, then, i seem to have a slight advatage over him. then i went to aother, who had still higher philosophical pretensions, and


thinks that he knows. i neither know nor think that i know. in this latter particular, then, i seem to have a slight advatage over him. then i went to aother, who had still higher philosophical pretensions, and my conclusion was exactly the same. i made another enemy of him, and of many others besides him. after this i went to one man after another, being not unconscious of the enmity which i provoked, and i lamented and feared this : but necessity was laid upon me - the word of god, i thought, ought to be considered first. and i said to myself, go i must to all who appear to know, and find out the meaning of the oracle. and i swear to you... the result of my mission was just this : i found that men most in repute were all but the most foolish ; and that some inferior men were really wiser and better. " i will tell you the wanderings and of the " herculean " labors, as i call them, which i endured only to find at last the oracle irrefutable. when i left the politicians, i went to the poets ; tragic, dithyrambic, and all sorts. and there, i said to myself, you will be detected ; now you will find out that you are more ignorant than they are. accordingly, i took them some of the most elaborate passages in their own writings, and asked what was the meaning of them - thinking that they would teach me something. would you believe me? i am almost ashamed to speak of this, but still i must say that there is hardly a person present who would not have talked better about their poetry than they did themselves. that showed me in an instant that not by wisdom do poets write poetry, but by a sort of genius and inspiration ; they are like diviners or soothsayers who also say many fine things, but do not understand the meaning of them. and the poets appeared to me to be much in the same case ; and i further observed that uopn the strength of their poetry they beleived themselves to be the wisest of men in other things in which they were not wise. so i departed, conceiving myself to be superior to them for the same reason that i was superior to the politicians. at last i went to the artisans, for i was conscious that i knew nothing at all, as i may say, and was sure that they knew many fime things ; and


to them for the same reason that i was superior to the politicians. at last i went to the artisans, for i was conscious that i knew nothing at all, as i may say, and was sure that they knew many fime things ; and in this i was not mistaken, for they did know many fine things ; and in this i was not mistaken, for they did know many things of which i was ignorant, and in this they ceratinly were wiser than i was. but i observed that even the good artisans fell into the same error as the poets ; because they were good workmen they thought that they also knew all sorts of high matters, and this defect in them overshadowed their wisdom - therefore i asked myself on behalf of the oracle, whether i would like to be as i was, neither having their knowledge nor their ignorance, or like them in both ; and i made answer to myself and the oracle that i was better off as i was. this investigation has led to my having many enemies of the worst and most dangerous kind, and has given occasion also to many calumnies, and i am called wise, for my hearers always imagine that i myself possess the wisdom which i kfind wanting in others : but the truth is, o men of achens, that god only is wise ; and in this oracle he means to say that the wisdom of men is little or nothintg : he is not speaking of socrates, he is only using my name as an illustration, as if he said, he, o men, is the wisest, who, like socrates, knows that his wisdom is in truth worth nothing. and so i go my way, obedient to the god, and make inquisition into the wisdom of anyone, whether citizen or stranger, who appears to be wise ; and if he is not wise, then in vindication of the oracle i show him that he is not wise ; and this occupation quite absorbs me, and i have no time to give either to any public of interest or to any concern of my own, but i am in utter poverty by reason of my devotion to god. there is another thing : - young men of the richer classes, who have not much to do, come about me of their own accord ; they like to hear the pretenders examined, and they often imitate me, and examine others themselves ; there are plenty of persons, as they soon enough discover, who think that they know something, but really know little or nothing : and then


author r. h. roy links to other sites view a brief video about three canadian soldiers from winnipeg who earned the victoria cross in the first world war. a heritage minute from the historica - dominion institute. see also related lesson plans. battle of passchendaele this site provides links to a detailed education guide that invites students to discover how the 1917 battle of passchendaele became a defining event in canadian history. activities focus on the analysis of vital primary sources, multimedia, and other resources. associated with the the major canadian feature film " passchendaele. " from the historica - dominion institute. this website offers a brief account of the battle of passchendaele in the first world war. includes photographs of military action taken by photographer jack turner. from library and archives canada. for king and empire : canada ' s soldiers in the great war an online guide to the “ for king and empire ” video documentary series. features detailed day - by - day accounts of military battles, profiles of individual soldiers, a glossary of weapons and artillery, and much more. from breakthrough films and history television. the official website for the feature film " passchendaele. " check out the multimedia features about the movie and the history of the battle of passchendaele. passchendaele – canada ’ s other vimy ridge an article about pivotal first world war military battles. from the department of national defence. shawnadithit grew anxious waiting for her uncle, longnon, to return to camp at the junction of badger brook and the exploits river, deep in the wilds of newfoundland...


fisheries minister joe ludwig and environment minister tony burke are seeking advice on whether to allow the abel tasman super trawler to act as a factory ship. seafish tasmania aims to skirt the fishing ban on the super trawler by contracting smaller australian - licensed trawlers to bring the small pelagic fish, caught under quota, to it for processing. before a decision is made on whether or not to allow transhipment at sea in the small pelagic fishery, the fisheries management authority is seeking comment from interested stakeholders. while there is some dispute over the sustainability of the quota in the small pelagic fishery, the quota was approved by scientists. the real issue that led to disallowing the abel tasman from fishing was the death of protected australian fur seals ( arctocephalus pusillus doriferus ) in the trawler ’ s nets. seals are attracted to an easy feed : trawler nets provide this. while seal exclusion devices ( seds ) are fitted to nets, some seals inevitably fail to escape and drown. however, the small trawlers will likely kill more seals – for the same tonnage of small pelagics – than the large abel tasman would have. while the super trawler ’ s net would have trapped seals, it would have been more effective at reducing seal deaths because of design improvements made to it compared with the devices fitted on the smaller trawlers. underwater cameras have shown that more seals meet their demise in mid - water trawl nets of the small trawlers than was previously thought. this is because the dead ones roll out of the net unseen during hauling. there is considerable scope to further refine the orientation, size and scope of seal exclusion devices. but crucial trials to find optimum devices have not taken place, due to lack of funding. bycatch is not a plausible reason for selectively banning the abel tasman. the commonwealth ’ s south east trawl sector, with many more vessels, is already far more destructive than the small pelagic fishery. the south east trawl fishery interacts strongly with – that is, kills – the protected australian fur seal and, to a lesser extent, the australian sea lion ( neophoca cinera ). this species is listed as vulnerable under the epbc act. between 1993 and 2000, the scientific monitoring program suggested that an average of 720 fur seals are caught incidentally by the small trawl vessels in the south east trawl fishery


). this species is listed as vulnerable under the epbc act. between 1993 and 2000, the scientific monitoring program suggested that an average of 720 fur seals are caught incidentally by the small trawl vessels in the south east trawl fishery each year. ( the abel tasman, had it been allowed to fish, would have had its activity suspended any time it caught three fur seals. ) compared with large vessel operators, who are well resourced, the operators of the smaller vessels or “ wet - boats ”, are constrained in applying mitigation methods such as seal exclusion devices. recent trials of a flexible sed design have been relatively successful, but reliably estimating and reducing the level of interactions between seals and wet - boats remains an issue. conservation groups have been slow to grasp the south east trawl nettle. perhaps they are worried about the consumer backlash if flathead supplies to sydney and melbourne were diminished. there was no such risk in calling for a ban on the super trawler catching sardines for export. the factory ship operation will be economically efficient in allowing the small feeder vessels to continuously fish. moreover, it will be sustainable in the sense that the quota is very conservative, compared with other commonwealth fisheries, representing only a small fraction of the biomass of the small pelagics. if the factory ship is banned, consistency demands a moratorium in mid - water trawling elsewhere. if there is no ban then there will be seal deaths. but this would be more acceptable if it was accompanied by the announcement of a major effort by the commonwealth to seriously address the issue of bycatch in its trawl fisheries.


information on eating disorders this past week marked national eating disorder awareness week, a week dedicated to preventing eating disorders and body image issues by increasing awareness and treatment options, and decreasing the stigmas attached. millions of people suffer with eating disorders in the united states. though typically seen as only affecting females, males make up 15 % of clients with anorexia or bulimia, and about half of clients with binge eating disorder. there are three main types of eating disorders, though there are multiple combinations of symptoms that may be classified as eating disorders not otherwise specified. anorexia nervosa is a serious, potentially life threatening eating disorder marked by self - starvation and excessive weight loss. there are four main symptoms of anorexia : resistance to maintaining minimal body weight at or above normal for one ’ s ages and height ; disturbance in body image ; intense fear of gaining weight ; and loss of menstrual period in girls and women post - puberty. the majority of those who suffer with anorexia are girls and women. anorexia has the highest mortality rate of any mental health condition. bulimia nervosa is a serious, potentially life - threatening disorder characterized by cyclical and recurring pattern of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as laxative or diuretic abuse, self - induced vomiting, or over - exercising. the three main symptoms of bulimia are : regular intake of large amounts of food with the feeling of a loss of control over eating behavior ; regular use of extreme compensatory behaviors such as over - exercising, laxative abuse, or self - induced vomiting ; and extreme concern of body weight and shape. people struggling with bulimia are typically of average body weight, and the majority of sufferers are female. bulimia can lead to health consequences such as esophageal rupture, electrolyte imbalances, and chronic irregular bowel movements. binge - eating disorder is the most prevalent eating disorder in the us. while it is currently classified as an eating disorder not otherwise specified, binge eating disorder is currently being considered as its own diagnostic category in the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders v. binge eating disorder is characterized by four main symptoms : recurrent episodes of eating large quantities of food in short amounts of time ; feeling out of control over the eating behavior ; feeling disgusted and ashamed by the eating ; and other indicators such as eating in secret and eating when not hungry. estimates show that about 40 % of


of eating large quantities of food in short amounts of time ; feeling out of control over the eating behavior ; feeling disgusted and ashamed by the eating ; and other indicators such as eating in secret and eating when not hungry. estimates show that about 40 % of the sufferers are male, while 60 % are female. there are serious potential health problems related to binge eating disorder such as diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, heart disease, and gallbladder disease. those with eating disorders often have dual diagnosis with other mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, substance abuse, obsessive - compulsive disorder, and self - injury. because of the complex nature of eating disorders, treatment must be comprehensive and thorough. most sufferers will need, at the very least, a combination of individual therapy, group therapy, a 12 step support group and a dietitian. clients often find the most success in finding an inpatient or residential treatment center – safe environments in which to focus on learning healthy eating behaviors. if you or someone you know struggles from an eating disorder, please don ’ t hesitate to contact the way out for more information. we are here to help you find the best treatment available for you or your loved ones. the way out recovery is a tool that everyone who is looking to begin the process of recovery should use. the people who i met, and helped me and my family through the process of recovery are amazing. i cannot thank them enough. their compassion, commitment and non - judgmental attitudes helped get my family o the right track. thank you for all you have done. read more & write your own


[ links provided where online versions are available. online libraries charging a small yearly fee are a treasure trove for such sources ; we, for example, highly recommend questia. ] history of africans in the u. s. bonger, willem adriaan. race and crime. ( trans. margaret mathews hordyk. ) new york : columbia university press, 1943. ( has many tables comparing violent crime between jews and non - jews, between nordics, alpines, mediterraneans, baltics, as well as african - americans, from late 1800s / early 1900s. fascinating. ) braun, gedaliah, racism, guilt, and self - deceit, johannesburg, jan lamprecht, 2007. ( yes, this is africa the continent, but it ' s an odd and interesting counterpiece. j. taylor : " fascinating observations of an american who has lived in africa for nearly 30 years. he systematically started asking africans — even virtual strangers — what they thought about racial differences and whether they were in favor of black rule. unlike most whites, who would be ashamed to ask such questions, dr. braun is utterly uninhibited. dr. braun puts it this way : ' ( 1 ) blacks cannot manage a modern industrial democratic society ; ( 2 ) blacks know this and would never think of denying it were it not for white liberals insisting otherwise ; ( 3 ) except for those black elites who hope to take power, black rule is in no one ’ s interest, especially not blacks ; ( 4 ) blacks know this better than anyone and are terrified of black rule. ' " ) burgess, john w. reconstruction and the constitution, 1866 - 1876. new york : charles scribner ' s sons, 1902. ( constitutional lawyer from tennessee unhappy with the system imposed by the north after the civil war explains, in well - documented and eye - opening detail, the reasons for his unhappiness. ) ( some chapter headings : chapter i : the theory of reconstruction, chapter ii : president lincoln ' s views and acts in regard to reconstruction, chapter iii : president johnson ' s plan of reconstruction and his proceedings in realization of it, chapter ix : the attempt to remove the president, chapter xi : president grant and reconstruction, chapter xii : " a carpet - bag " and negro domination in the southern states between 1868 and 1876, chapter xiii : the presidential election of 1876 and its consequences, chapter xiv : international relations of the united states between 1867 and 1877 ) collins, winfield h., the truth about lynch


bag " and negro domination in the southern states between 1868 and 1876, chapter xiii : the presidential election of 1876 and its consequences, chapter xiv : international relations of the united states between 1867 and 1877 ) collins, winfield h., the truth about lynching and the negro in the south, new york : neale publishing co., 1918. ( don ' t let the extremely provocative title scare you off. when you get past the ' defending lynching ' part, there is a veritable wealth of historical documentation in the book on africans in the u. s., re : health, housing, education, employment, wealth level, religion, crime, demographic trends, etc., most of it drawn from public records of the time. essential resource for the subject of " africans in the u. s., history. " ) dubois, w. e. b. the philadelphia negro : a social study. philadelphia : university of pennsylvania press, 1899. ( the classic 1899 study by w. e. b. dubois, first african - american to hold a fellowship at the u. of pennsylvania. ) ( some chapter headings : chapter iii : the negro in philadelphia, 1638 - 1820., chapter iv : the negro in philadelphia, 1820 - 1896., chapter v : the size, age and sex of the negro population., chapter vi : conjugal condition., chapter viii : education and illiteracy., chapter ix : the occupations of negroes., chapter x : the health of negroes., chapter xi : the negro family., chapter xiii : the negro criminal., chapter xiv : pauperism and alcoholism., chapter xv : the environment of the negro., chapter xvi : the contact of the races., chapter xvii : negro suffrage.. ) moton, robert russa. what the negro thinks. garden city, ny : doubleday, doran and company, inc., 1929. ( moton succeeded booker t. washington as head of the tuskegee institute. excellent snapshot of african life in the u. s. in the 1920s. chapters on housing, education, suffrage, the law, and various discriminations suffered. ) murphey, dwight d., lynching : history and analysis, washington, d. c. : journal of social and economic studies legal - studies monograph, 1995. ( very recent monograph on the question, by law professor dwight murphey. this is not just a history of african - american lynching, but of


, d. c. : journal of social and economic studies legal - studies monograph, 1995. ( very recent monograph on the question, by law professor dwight murphey. this is not just a history of african - american lynching, but of the practice in general, one which many forget was practiced in many times and places, on people of all races. a thoughtful, well - sourced analysis. ) page, thomas nelson. the negro : the southerner ' s problem. new york : c. scribner ' s sons, 1904. ( 1904 work by a southerner who is very nostalgic for the antebellum era, and it shows on every page. but if this dripping emotional attachment doesn ' t put you off, there is some decent info. here on the condition of africans in the antebellum south, particularly the large number of skilled artisan slaves who worked in the trades, little - known subject which he spends a lot of time on. ) redding, j. saunders. on being negro in america. indianapolis : charter books, 1962. ( unusual book by an unusual man. saunders, man of letters, first african - american chair at cornell university, writes the narrative of his life — growing up, attending college, raising two boys — in the pre - civil rights act american north. cynical, biting, heartbreaking. his telling, in chapter 12, the story of the first time his naive eight - year - old son experiences racism will puncture any but the hardest of hearts. afro -, euro -, hispanic, whomever you are, if you ' re american, don ' t miss this. it ' s your history. available on questia. ) reuter, edward byron. the american race problem : a study of the negro. ed. seba eldridge. new york : thomas y. crowell, 1927. ( great sociologist of his day, his doctoral dissertation ' the mulatto in the united states ' won him highest honors at the u. of chicago in 1919. serious, well - sourced study, with chapters on health, employment, family life, discrimination and assimilation, delinquency, religion, culture. very thorough treatment of the lynching question ( with detailed statistics ) in chap. xv, ' crimes against the negro. ' highly recommended. ) richburg, keith b. out of america : a black man confronts africa. 1st ed. new york : basic books, 1997. ( not african - american history exactly, but compelling


xv, ' crimes against the negro. ' highly recommended. ) richburg, keith b. out of america : a black man confronts africa. 1st ed. new york : basic books, 1997. ( not african - american history exactly, but compelling reading. journalist in africa during the 1990s, came to some conclusions about its peoples that really upset most of the african - american community. brutally honest. highly recommended. ) thomas, william hannibal. the american negro : a study in racial crossing. new york : macmillan & co., ltd., 1901. ( entirely available online ) ( dubbed the ' black judas ' by african - american leaders of his time, this mulatto lawyer and theologian has written one of the most incendiary books on the question of the ' negro in america. ' reviled and denounced by many, it is a brutal and unsparing condemnation of what he took to be the very worst traits in america ' s africans in his time. such visceral disgust i have scarcely seen from the pen of the most virulent euro - american separatist. there is truth here, but it is dressed in some very harsh language. proceed with caution. ) any other suggestions would be welcome. we shouldn ' t charge into the future without knowing our past.


13 dec 2012 i love maps. i could spend hours in stanfords, i love old, crinkled maps and i couldn ’ t live without google maps ( they have saved me from many a scrape ). but most of all i love poring over made - up maps in books, seeing the illustrator ’ s interpretation of the author ’ s imagined land. here our book designer, clare sivell, answers some questions about the fascinating process of commissioning map illustrations, with reference to john gwynne ’ s malice. could you briefly outline the process of getting a map from sketch to final, polished work? the process of getting a map from sketch to final artwork involves a number of different stages, which all vary in length depending on the type of map being created. initially the author will supply a visual that outlines all the details to be included on the map. it can come in a number of different forms, from a photocopy of an existing map to a hand drawn sketch, as was the case with malice. the sketch for malice included distinctions between the land and sea masses, place names, rivers, hills and a drawing of a compass. selecting an illustrator the next stage is to select an illustrator to create the map. the style of map must reflect the content and themes of the book, so the illustrator is selected with this in mind. the illustrator ’ s previous work and their technique and method of drawing are important in making this choice. the malice map was created through a mixture of hand drawn and digital techniques. initial sketch and refinement the illustrator would then create an initial sketch of the map from the brief given to them. this can range from a hand drawn rough to a more finished visual using digital techniques ; both would however show the style and detail to be included. on some occasions, illustrators may also supply a sample area of the map prior to this to ensure they have interpreted the brief correctly. the initial sketch would then be shown to both the author and editor for comments, including any design changes or spelling corrections. the changes would then be made by the illustrator, and the process repeated until the map is approved. the approved map is then added to the book. my favorite part of the process is when the initial sketch is supplied from the illustrator. this initial visual is the first time you get to see the author ’ s original vision come to life in the illustrator ’ s style. i think is particularly exciting with science fiction and fantasy books, as this can be the first time the author ’ s ideas are represented


is the first time you get to see the author ’ s original vision come to life in the illustrator ’ s style. i think is particularly exciting with science fiction and fantasy books, as this can be the first time the author ’ s ideas are represented visually, something which greatly enhances the story. i always get excited when i see these emails appear in my inbox! you ’ ve project - managed illustrators for so many of the maps in pan macmillan ’ s book. what ’ s the main difference for you between the creation of a map in the real world and a map in a fantasy or science fictional world? a map drawn of the real world needs to accurately represent the geography of a place at a particular time in history. had a building been built by a certain time? did a river follow the same path? was a country called something different? these are some of questions that we have to ask to ensure that a map is correct to its time and place. a map of fantasy or science fiction is a creation of the author ’ s imagination, so the only guide is the author ’ s visual – there are no existing maps that can be used for reference. this means the illustrator has a greater degree of freedom when interpreting the original visual supplied. i feel that maps can really enhance a genre book, as helping build the world for the reader. do you have any thoughts on how a good map can add to the text to enrich the reader experience? a map is a great tool for the reader in a genre book as it helps to visualise the fantasy location. a map should be used as reference for the story, adding to its character and strengthening the reader ’ s understanding of the story ’ s setting. it should allow the reader to connect places, such as the proximity of an island to the main land or scale of wooded areas, as in the malice map. click here to read more about malice.


royal dockyard, devonport major centre of warship production since 1691 ministry of defence period of construction : 1650 - 1699 transport trust plaque : devonport royal dockyard, keyham road, plymouth pl1 4sg the royal navy ' s historical links with the west country are immense. a the ships that defeated the spanish armada in 1588 sailed from the mouth of the river plym, thus establishing the military prescence in plymouth, the memory of sir francis drake, mayor of plymouth as well as great national hero is kept alive in the name, hms drake, which was recently extended to the whole of devonport naval base. in 1689 prince william of orange became william iii and almost immediately addressed the need to constructa a new dockyard. he dispatched a naval officer, edmund dummer, to investiage potential sitesa in the west country ; he settled upon two potential locations, a one at cattewater, plymouth, and one further along the coast, on the hamoaze, a section of the river tamar. a on 30a december 1690, a contract was let to robert waters of portsmouth to builda a dockyarda in the hamoaze area, thus forming the basisa of the plymouth dock. dummer designed the first successful stepped stone dry dock in europe at devonport. historically, the navy board ' s reliance upona timber resulted in high maintenance costs anda a significant fire risk ; a dummer ' s design offered a strengthened operating floor, allowed rapid erection of staginga anda incorporated stepped sides that made working beneatha a hull much easier. among his innovations was the application of lean manufacturing techniques, with a logical layout that maximised both land use and efficiency, a a centralized storage area and a double rope - house that combined the previously separate tasks of spinning and laying, while allowing the upper floor to be used for the repair of sails. the first ship to be built and launched in the dock yard was the " postboy ", weighing 73 tonnes. the dockyard expanded rapidly in the 18th century, now covering seventy acres and incorporating a further three docks - the union double, the north dock and the new north dock. in 1824, plymouth dock was re - named as the royal dockyard, devonport, after the grant of royal approval. with the coming of steam, the keyham steam yard was completed in 1853. a dedicated electricty supply was added at the beginning of thea twentieth century, the facility now covering 114 acres and incorporating the newly constructed prince of wales turning basin. the royal dockyard saw major expansion


, the keyham steam yard was completed in 1853. a dedicated electricty supply was added at the beginning of thea twentieth century, the facility now covering 114 acres and incorporating the newly constructed prince of wales turning basin. the royal dockyard saw major expansion during and following the two world wars - by 1969, the docks extended to 332 acres and thirteen docks, almost certainly the then largest naval dockyard in the world. today, devonport is the largest naval base in western europe and coversa over 650 acres. it has fifteen dry docks, 6. 5 km ( 4a miles ) of waterfront, a twenty fivea tidal berths anda five basins. the facility, a currentlya operated by babcock marine, a a is the only site in the uk now equipped to conduct nuclear submarine refits, including those for the vanguard class. there are over five thousand ship movements annually and is it estimated that the base generatesa some ten per centa of the economic activity ofa plymouth. a public access is restricted to the annual two day event, " navy days ", when visitors can tour the facility, go aboard active naval ships and watch various displays of naval prowess. among the most popular attractions is the nuclear powered submarine hms courageous, used in the falklands war. devonport serves as headquarters for flag officer sea training, which is responsible for the training of all the ships of the navy and royal fleet auxiliary, along with many from foreign naval services. a maritime museum is under development at devonport, the plymouth naval base museum. brimacombe, peter, drake ' s drum - a history of the devonport naval base and dockyard, mor marketing, isbn - 10 : 0952585340 ( 1998 ) brown, p., britain ' s historic ships : the ships that shaped the nation : a complete guide, conway, isbn - 10 : 1844860930 ( 2009 ) brown, p., historic ships : the survivors, amberley publishing, isbn - 10 : 1848689942 ( 2010 ) burkhalter, p., devonport dockyard railway, twelveheads press, isbn - 10 : 0906294371 ( 1996 ) burns, k. v., the devonport dockyard story, maritime books, isbn - 10 : 0907771149 ( 1984 ) colledge, j. j., ships of the royal navy : a complete record of all fighting ships of the royal navy from the 15th century to the present, casemate, isbn - 10 : 1935


##7771149 ( 1984 ) colledge, j. j., ships of the royal navy : a complete record of all fighting ships of the royal navy from the 15th century to the present, casemate, isbn - 10 : 1935149075 ( 2010 ) dicker, g., a short history of devonport royal dockyard, dicker, asin : b001qvj058 ( 1969 ) a endsor, richard, the restoration warship : the design, construction and career of a third rate of charles ii ' s navy, conway, isbn - 10 : 1844860884 ( 2009 ) evans, david, building the steam navy : dockyards, technology and the creation of the victorian battle - fleet, 1830 - 1906, conway maritime press, isbn - 10 : 085177959x ( 2004 ) miller, f. p., vandome, a. f. & mcbrewster, j., edmund dummer ( naval engineer, vdm publishing, isbn - 10 : 6131776229 ( 2010 ) winfield, rif, british warships in the age of sail 1603 - 1714 : design, construction, careers and fates, seaforth publishing, isbn - 10 : 184832040x ( 2009 ) the royal dockyard is permanently visible, but is a secure militarya facility with public access limited to naval open days. how to find : by road : off a3064, via b3396, keyham road by rail : plymouth dockyarda devenport stations are approx 1 km away plymouth, england - weather via msn weather text weather conditions and forecast for plymouth, england


getting your track as a mp3 to get your music on unearthed we need it in this format : mp3 : 128kbts / s, 44. 1khz in stereo the exact process to get your track as a mp3 will depend on the software you are using. first, see if you can bounce to disk as a mp3 at the above settings. if not, you might need to first create a. wav or. aiff file and then use a separate converter to turn it into a mp3. rule of thumb a good way to check you are doing everything right is to check the filesize of your mp3. 1 minute of music, encoded at the correct settings = approximately 1mb ( file size ). so, if your track is 3 minutes the mp3 should be about 3mb. 4. diy recording home - recording has become an increasingly viable option for musicians. of course, you ’ ll need to have your own equipment which can be a little costly ( depending on what you purchase ). the upside is that once you ’ ve got the equipment you have the freedom to record, re - record and experiment as many times as you like at no extra expense. diy recording is excellent for quick and cheap demos of your music. depending on your style of music you may even be able to do the whole thing at home! if its early days and you aren ’ t sure about purchasing equipment it ’ s probably a better idea to record in a studio. have a look at our studio recording guide for tips. most recordings are constructed by recording one or two parts at a time and then adding extra instruments or vocals over the top. you are effectively laying down ‘ tracks ’ on top of each over to create the final song. that ’ s why it ’ s called multi tracking. traditionally, you would use a specialised machine to do this called ( surprise surprise! ) a multi - track recorder, usually using a cassette tape. the advantage of these machines is that they are portable so you can go to your friend ’ s place or a rehearsal studio to create your masterpiece. however the most common method these days is to use your computer as the multi - track. one advantage of using your computer is that it ’ s easy to continually upgrade or improve it. to start out, you don ’ t need the latest greatest machine but you should try to have at least : - a processor 400 mhz - at least 10 gb of free hard disc space - at least 256 mb of ram - a good sound card. decide which software you will


don ’ t need the latest greatest machine but you should try to have at least : - a processor 400 mhz - at least 10 gb of free hard disc space - at least 256 mb of ram - a good sound card. decide which software you will be using and make sure you have the minimum requirements suggested. most computers come with built - in sound capability, however if you would like to improve the audio capabilities of your computer you will need to get a good sound card. the simplest of sound cards come with two inputs which are usually colour coded. a line input ( light blue ) is where you can directly connect whatever it is you are recording. for example you can plug in a stereo cable from your guitar amp into this line port. or you could use some kind of small external mixer. a mic input ( pink ) is specifically for your microphone. it ’ s better to use this port ( not the line in ) if you are using a microphone. this is where a little external mixer comes in handy, you could plug several mics into the mixer, and then into the sound card. some of the more specialised sound cards have multiple inputs, so you could record a guitar to one track and a vocal on another at the same time. you will also need some audio software to record all your tracks and mix them together. there ’ s a multitude of different software you can use which you can usually get quite cheaply or even for free. some popular software providers are : digidesign – protools – generally comes with its own sound card cakewalk – sonar steinberg – cubase apple – logic pro audacity is a popular open source program a good mic can make all the difference to a recording. the most common type of microphone for first timers is a dynamic mic. they are cheap, simple and sound ok on anything - from vocals to guitars. they are also usually directional, which means they only record what they are pointed at. this can be useful for cutting out outside noise. these range in price from dirt cheap up to $ 300 a condenser microphone is also a popular choice. these have a warmer and clearer sound as they are more sensitive than dynamic mics. you will need power to use a condenser microphone. some come with batteries, but if not you will also need a 48v power supply, sometimes known as phantom power. condensers range in price from $ 400 to many thousands of dollars most professional microphones will use a 3 pin xlr cable. depending on the inputs in your sound


you will also need a 48v power supply, sometimes known as phantom power. condensers range in price from $ 400 to many thousands of dollars most professional microphones will use a 3 pin xlr cable. depending on the inputs in your soundcard you might need adaptors so you can connect the microphone. for example, you might need cable with a three - pin attachment at one end and a stereo 1 / 4 ” plug at the other. you might also need an adapter to reduce the size of the plug from stereo 1 / 4 ” to 1 / 8 ” so that you can plug it into the sound card in your computer. recording and mixing tips so now you ’ ve got all the equipment there ’ s nothing stopping you. the exact way you record will depend on your type of music and what software you are using. here ’ s a couple of pointers to get your started, but remember, there are no hard and fast rules. do whatever sounds good! - try to record somewhere with minimal background noise. electrical appliances, traffic, air conditioning etc. these will all add excess noise to your recording so go to the quietest room the house and make sure your neighbours are quiet. - for most pop / rock songs, the drums are recorded first to lay down the structure and beat of the song. the vocals are usually recorded last. - try listening to your mix at a really low volume. most things sound good if they are pumping out of your speakers so try mixing soft. if it sounds good quiet, it will sound great loud, but not the other way around. - another common problem is that when listening to the same track over and over again you get used hearing the vocals and end up mixing them too soft. for this reason it ’ s good to do a ‘ vocal up ’ mix which is just a mix with the vocals turned up slightly. play each version to some friends and see which they prefer.


generally no. moisture within the pulp of a cactus is very acidic and many cacti contain toxic alkaloids. you can, however, eat the fruit. the moisture is acidic because of the way many succulents, including cacti, carry on photosynthesis, the process by which carbon dioxide and water are turned into carbohydrates. most plants have their pores ( stomates ) open during the day to take in carbon dioxide, and use sunlight as a catalyst for the reaction : carbon dioxide + water sugar + oxygen. but in the desert, plants with pores open during the hot days, lose much water through evapotranspiration. so, succulents use a modified version of photosynthesis called cam ( crassulacean acid metabolism ). cam plants open their stomates only at night when it is cooler so there is less evapotranspiration. because there is no sunlight to act as a catalyst, carbon dioxide is stored as an organic acid, principally malic acid ( c4h6o5 ). carbon dioxide is gradually released from the acid during the next day. cam plants use about one - tenth the water to produce each unit of carbohydrate compared to standard photosynthesis. the price : a much slower growth rate. many plants contain malic acid, but usually in lesser quantities than found in cacti. also cooking generally destroys the acid. besides malic acid, succulents produce oxalic acid ( c2h2o4 ), which is toxic, as another product of photosynthesis. “ its chief function seems to be sequestering metals, principally calcium. calcium oxalates often occur as crystalline minerals within the cactus pulp. their function seems to be aiding structural integrity and enzymatic processes. in fact two crystalline calcium oxalate minerals have been identified in all cacti tested : cac2o4. 2h2o ( weddellite ) and cac2o4. h2o ( whewellite ). ” [ source : plant physiology, february 2002, vol. 128, pp. 707 - 713. ] oxalates are also formed with heavy metals such as copper, perhaps to reduce toxicity to the plant. oxalic acid is toxic to humans because it combines with calcium in our bodies to produce calcium oxalates which clog up our kidneys. so, what about the barrel cactus. can ’ t we get water


to reduce toxicity to the plant. oxalic acid is toxic to humans because it combines with calcium in our bodies to produce calcium oxalates which clog up our kidneys. so, what about the barrel cactus. can ’ t we get water from those? did you bring along a machete and solar still? the seri indians sometimes used the fishhook barrel ( ferocactus wislizeni ) for emergency water. however, drinking the juice on an empty stomach often caused diarrhea, and some seri report pain in their bones if they walk a long distance after drinking the juice. the seri called the coville barrel ( ferocactus emoryi ), “ barrel that kills ” because eating the flesh of the cactus causes nausea, diarrhea, and temporary paralysis. think you can tell the two apart? ( see : edible desert plants – barrel cactus fruit ). what about prickly pear pads we sometimes see in grocery stories or on the menu of mexican restaurants? what you see are generally young spring pads which naturally contain less oxalic acid. cooking leaches out the acid. in an emergency you can eat the young pads raw. and there are some spineless cultivars that naturally contain little oxalic acid which can also be eaten raw. these were developed mainly as cattle feed. the bottom line is you really cannot get a drink from a cactus in spite of what you may have seen in old cowboy movies.


in the debate over global climate change, there is a yawning gap that needs to be bridged. the gap is not between environmentalists and industrialists, or between democrats and republicans. it is between policy wonks and political consultants. among policy wonks like me, there is a broad consensus. the scientists tell us that world temperatures are rising because humans are emitting carbon into the atmosphere. basic economics tells us that when you tax something, you normally get less of it. so if we want to reduce global emissions of carbon, we need a global carbon tax. q. e. d. mankiw explains why a carbon tax is preferable to fuel economy regulations and cap - and - trade. politically, its a tough sell. mankiw offers an idea to make it go down easier : yet this natural aversion to carbon taxes can be overcome if the revenue from the tax is used to reduce other taxes. by itself, a carbon tax would raise the tax burden on anyone who drives a car or uses electricity produced with fossil fuels, which means just about everybody. some might fear this would be particularly hard on the poor and middle class. but gilbert metcalf, a professor of economics at tufts, has shown how revenue from a carbon tax could be used to reduce payroll taxes in a way that would leave the distribution of total tax burden approximately unchanged. he proposes a tax of $ 15 per metric ton of carbon dioxide, together with a rebate of the federal payroll tax on the first $ 3, 660 of earnings for each worker. eminently sensible, but i ' m not holding my breath. mankiw is advising mitt romney ' s campaign - if he can get romney to come out for a payroll for carbon tax swap, i will be very impressed, with both of them.


we hear a lot about the coming of the cashless society, with wave and pay stickers, apps that let you ping money to each other and more innovations trumpeting that if cash is king, then the king is dead. but while children are growing up in this brave new world, they are denied access to it. unless you have a credit or debit card, you can ’ t pay for a single mp3. so what ’ s the solution? well one company thinks it ’ s giving children as young as eight their own debit cards. pktmny – which launched this week – offers children between the ages of eight and 16 a contactless prepaid visa debit card. parents can personalise the card for their children and set controls on where and how much they can spend on it. you can read more of the details on the “ how it works ” section of pktmny site. you can set up a standing order to add money to the card on a weekly or monthly basis, while friends and relatives can also add money to the account. the people behind it also have smartphone apps planned that allow children to see the balance on their cards and parents top this up if needed. it costs £5 to open an account and there ’ s a £1 monthly charge ( that comes from the parent ’ s account, not the child ’ s ). the hope is that this will allow children to learn about spending, saving and budgeting – as well as offering them some independence – in the same way traditional pocket money has. “ children will live in a completely cashless world. yet they are forced to interact with money in a way even adults have moved on from. it ’ s time for a dramatic change, ” said clinical child psychologist dr elizabeth kilbey. “ by allowing children to start taking control of their money in a safe and secure environment they will be able to grow with money, learn from their mistakes and ultimately understand the value of money. ” but would you trust a child with a card? let us know below.


four decades ago, the population of the biggest of india ’ s famed big cats – the royal bengal tiger had fallen to just 1, 800 – a drastic decline of about 95 % since the turn of the century when there were approximately 30, 000 of these in the jungles of the country. in fact, all the people familiar with the political conditions unfolding in the sub - continent during these years and its direct impact on the ecology will hardly be surprised by this statistic. when the british held their sway over the region, it was the dream of every servant of the raj – from the viceroy to a lowly bureaucrat to be a part of the renowned, or should we say, notorious, hunting trips – the favorite pass time of the english elite, generally organized by the princes, keen to impress their colonial masters in return of favorable deals and grander titles. while a number of species including lions, leopards, cheetahs, antelope and several kinds of birds were hunted, no other animal was as prized as the stripped feline whose trophies decorated the homes of the rich and the powerful in britain and other parts of the western world. in the post - independence era, the killings continued to fuel the demands of international illegal trade in tiger products, most notably, the skin – a symbol of style and status and the bones which have considerable value in ancient chinese medicine. besides, the need for more land to satisfy an ever growing human population and facilitate industrial growth led to the destruction of thousands of acres of virgin woodlands. it was at this critical juncture, when their numbers had dropped below two thousand, that the then pm indira gandhi decided to act and after consulting matter experts and conservationists, launched one of the most popular conservation program of all times – project tiger. though it is true that this scheme has not been as successful as it was expected to be during the time of its inaugural, considering the persistent allegation of inflated figures and the fiascoes of sariska ( 2004 ) and panna ( 2009 ) reserves, there is no doubt that it is a major landmark in the protection of any fauna across the world. like the tiger in 1973, another of our top predator, which has been an integral part of our forests for ages, is today, staring at the brink of extinction. the asian wild dog, commonly known as the dhole is a highly social canine, native to the woodlands of eastern and southern asia. gifted with an agile yet sturdy body, and living in a society that even cares for the


the brink of extinction. the asian wild dog, commonly known as the dhole is a highly social canine, native to the woodlands of eastern and southern asia. gifted with an agile yet sturdy body, and living in a society that even cares for the young and the vulnerable, they are the masters of their territories, possessing a strike rate better than many of its other, much more ' high - profile ' neighbors. unfortunately, following centuries of persecution and an inexorable ' witch hunt ', it has been listed as ‘ endangered ’ by iucn ( international union for conservation of nature ) with reports indicating that there are only about 2500 mature individuals left in the wild, out of which more than half are found in our country. its range, which once stretched from russia in the north to the islands of java and sumatra in the south, from india in the west to the korean peninsula in the east, has shrunk exponentially in size, reducing it to the confines of a few pockets, scattered in southern and south - eastern asia. while it is protected under the schedule i of the wildlife protection act of 1972, there is certainly more to be done in this regard considering that it has suffered from years of persecution for a variety of reasons, sometimes as trivial as to safeguard the numbers of antelope which were popular game animals during the colonial era from being preyed upon by these canids. though killings have become close to negligible over the years, the odds are still stacked against them, thereby warranting the need for much stricter measures to be put into place for their conservation. with time running out and the threats for their survival still looming large, it is imperative that the government formulates a policy on the lines of the project tiger, customized for the dholes. of course, this idea may seem to be little weird for some, others may dismiss it as ridiculous but i strongly believe that such a step is mandatory if we want the future generation to witness this ‘ spectacle of nature ’. below, i have tried to justify my stand on this issue and hopefully, after going through it, many more may feel the same, thereby helping the cause. | credit : ramki sreenivasan / conservation india | why do we require a project dhole? how do you justify spending tax payers hard - earned money on a creature which is not a favorite with the tourists? probably, the biggest reason for the decline of these dogs is that even today, a majority of the people – especially the urban populace is not aware that


spending tax payers hard - earned money on a creature which is not a favorite with the tourists? probably, the biggest reason for the decline of these dogs is that even today, a majority of the people – especially the urban populace is not aware that such a species exists and in rural regions where the awareness level is relatively higher, there are still innumerable myths and misconceptions about them. the relentless manner in which the packs chase their prey, devouring it even before it dies ; is seen by many as ' barbaric '. no wonder that since time immemorial, they are despised, looked upon as symbols of brutality and cruelty. in fact, ancient texts and medieval tales are filled with references to these canines, mostly portraying them, either as the antagonists or their associates. even today, many of us who have grown up watching rudyard kipling ’ s jungle book remember them as the blood thirsty hounds that invaded the seeonee hills only to be defeated by the wolves under the leadership of laila, thanks to mowgli ’ s bravery and kaa ’ s experience in episodes 40 and 41. a project dhole, for one, will be a great pr exercise for these mammals. with a portion of the total budget for the program being utilized for advertising, the asian wild dog will be all over print and electronic media, earning them much needed attention. as the knowledge increases, the curiosity will also rise, giving a fillip to more detailed research on these dogs and their behavior. this in turn will reveal new insights into the lives of these elusive creatures, helping in quelling the numerous superstitions surrounding them. hence more and more people will gradually realize their importance from the ecological point of view. besides, many will start flocking to sanctuaries and national parks in which these are found, boosting eco - tourism and providing employment opportunities to the locals - giving them enough reasons to refrain from harming these canines. most importantly, it will definitely contribute in building an army of volunteers keen to protect them, thereby keeping the authorities on their toes and most importantly, facilitate in building consensus against any move or project that can be detrimental to its interest in the future. secondly, the dhole, like the tiger is a top predator. though it may not be the undisputed ' king of the jungle ', it does occupy a prominent position at the higher levels of the food pyramid, controlling the numbers of the herbivores and upholding the principle of the ' survival of the


though it may not be the undisputed ' king of the jungle ', it does occupy a prominent position at the higher levels of the food pyramid, controlling the numbers of the herbivores and upholding the principle of the ' survival of the fittest ' by eliminating the weak and the sick. moreover, their conservation will also require the safeguarding of their present habitat - the deciduous forests of southern and western india which are also home to hundreds of species of flora and fauna. thus while it is true that the dhole will be the prime beneficiary of this undertaking, it will also be good for the maintaining the fragile balance in ecology, thereby justifying the high costs involved. also, with less than three thousand of them left in the wild and the threat of epidermic wiping off isolated populations in many regions still hanging over their heads, it is crucial that concrete measures are taken to save them at the earliest. finally, as we were the first country to ban their persecution, it should be us that should lead the world in the conservation of these hounds. considering that the majority of them are found inside project tiger reserves, is there a need for a separate scheme specially for the dholes? as i have pointed out earlier, the project will generate a lot of public interest about this species, something which is of paramount importance. even if it gets half the amount of attention that our national animal has got since the launch of the project tiger, it will be prove to be, perhaps, the greatest milestone in the protection of these canids. while it is true that project tiger has proved to be a blessing for a variety of plants and animals that are found within the confines of the sites covered under it, including the asian wild dogs, there is an urgency to do more to get them out of the precarious situation in which they find themselves. like in the case of the big cats, several other steps are necessary to secure a future for them including a nationwide census using the best methods, identification of the regions where they are found and most importantly, solid research - all of which can only be done, if and only if, the idea is implemented with utmost priority. how will the project dhole help the mammal? what are the different steps that can help in its revival? the different measures that will be a part of the undertaking and the way it will help the cause include : - a ) census : though there are reports indicating that there are about two and a half thousand wild dogs in the world, there are no


? the different measures that will be a part of the undertaking and the way it will help the cause include : - a ) census : though there are reports indicating that there are about two and a half thousand wild dogs in the world, there are no reports regarding their precise number within india. probably, the most important task that needs to be taken up as a part of this scheme is the use of latest technology to find out the exact number of this species in the country. the data thus collected will serve as a base for the planning and implementation of any move for their conservation in the future. the stats will also be important to do a comparative analysis to assess the success of the program over the years. b ) research : though they are amongst the top carnivores of asia, there is meager knowledge about the animal and its behavior. as such, the project will provide a wonderful platform for experts to conduct detailed study, helping provide valuable insights and squash all myths about them. with the dhole being a territorial animal travelling several kilometers each day for patrol and hunting, the radio collar, can come in handy during tracking them. also, a new research center should be established where data analysis can be done and routinely published in magazines so that it is available to the public. the twin national parks of bandipur and nagarhole in southern karnataka can be the ideal location for this as it is a popular haunt for dhole lovers across the world. c ) re - introduction : it is a great tragedy that these canines which once roamed freely across most of india, except for the thar, are today restricted to a few national parks and sanctuaries in different parts of india. the isolated populations are at the risk of threats including forest fires, low prey density and epidermic diseases. as these canids are territorial, the presently available area may not be able to support packs in the future. thus, there is a need to re - introduce some mature dogs to wilderness where they were formally found and disappeared later due to human activity. besides, inbreeding within closely related individuals may lead to weak immunity and other genetic disorders in the newborns. next, some dogs need to be swapped to prevent the stagnation of the gene pool. | credit : manish varma | e ) international co - ordination : with the wild dog facing threat of extinction in all countries where it is found, the project can act as a stage for sharing the information that has been collected in different research centers. the information collected under the program


| e ) international co - ordination : with the wild dog facing threat of extinction in all countries where it is found, the project can act as a stage for sharing the information that has been collected in different research centers. the information collected under the program can be used to organize similar schemes in other parts of the world. since the mammal is found in forests along the borders of several asean nations, an international committee is required to protect the animal and fight evils like poaching. for more on the dholes ( 1 ) the whistling hunters - the asian wild dog or dhole ( link ) ( 2 ) finding the dhole - in search of the elusive canines ( link ) ( 1 ) credit : ramesh anantharaman ( link ) original : india nature watch – comfortably numb!!!!!!!!! by ramesh anantharaman ( 2 ) credit : ramki sreenivasan / conservation india ( link ) original : wild ventures – 13. dholes by ramki sreenivasan ( 3 ) credit : k p krishnan ( link ) ( 4 ) credit manish varma ( link ) ( 4 ) credit manish varma ( link ) original : india nature watch – not for the light hearted - tadoba by manish varma