junk foods widely available at elementary schools chicago – junk food remains plentiful at the nation ' s elementary schools despite widespread efforts to curb childhood obesity, a new study suggests. between 2006 and 2010, nearly half of public and private schools surveyed sold sweet or salty snack foods in vending machines or other places, the study found. there was little change over the four years, a surprising finding given vocal advocacy campaigns to improve kids ' diets, said researcher lindsey turner, a health psychologist at the university of illinois at chicago and the study ' s lead author. the study focused on snacks not sold during mealtimes, which until recently weren ' t subject to government nutrition standards. schools most likely to sell chips, cookies or similar foods were in the south, where obesity rates are the highest ; these foods were scarcest at schools in the west. the results are concerning, turner said, because they show that many schools have not heeded messages from health advocates including the institute of medicine, which in a 2007 report urged limiting availability of food in schools outside of mealtimes, and said these items should not be sugary, salty or fatty snack foods. many schools in the study also offered more healthy foods outside of mealtimes, including fruit and vegetables. but selling them along with junk food may tempt kids to skip the healthy options, and sends " mixed messages about healthful nutrition, " dr. thomas robinson, a stanford university pediatrician and obesity prevention researcher. robinson called the study results " sobering " and said a key strategy for reversing childhood obesity includes improving nutrition in schools. recent data suggest that almost 20 percent of elementary school children nationwide are obese. policies that limit junk food sold in schools have been linked with less obesity among students, said c. tracy orleans, a senior scientist at the robert wood johnson foundation, which paid for the study. the study appears in archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, released monday. robinson wrote an accompanying editorial. anti - obesity advocates also have pushed to remove sugary sodas from schools, and some states and schools have enacted bans. also, a 2010 report found a big decline in sales of these drinks to schools during some of the years studied. the new study, which focused only on foods, is based on surveys mailed to principals at public and private elementary schools. nearly 4, 000 responded, or more than half of those contacted. the participating schools were nationally representative and there were no geographic or economic differences in schools that didn ' t respond that would affect the results


##ed to principals at public and private elementary schools. nearly 4, 000 responded, or more than half of those contacted. the participating schools were nationally representative and there were no geographic or economic differences in schools that didn ' t respond that would affect the results, turner said. overall, about 45 percent of schools sold sugary and salty snacks. some schools sold low - fat salty snacks and baked goods, including pretzels and low - fat ice cream, but their high sugar or salt content makes them a poor choice, turner said. candy, salty snacks and regular - fat baked goods were more common at private schools than public schools ; and low - fat ice cream was more common at both types of schools than full - fat ice cream snacks. the study authors say their results should encourage the u. s. department of agriculture to crack down on junk food in schools. a law enacted in december 2010, after the study ended, gives the agency authority to do so, and it is developing changes. before that measure, usda policy restricted schools from selling foods " of minimal nutritional value " during mealtimes. under the new law, the agency can set nutrition standards for all foods sold in u. s. schools. another usda change announced last month focuses on making school lunches healthier, with changes including less sodium and more whole grains. the changes affecting snack foods " need to be comprehensive, they need to be strong, they need to be specific, " and they could be " a game - changer, " said orleans. a website for the usda ' s food and nutrition service says restricting these foods can pose challenges for schools, because many rely on sales of snack foods to boost revenue. but it also explains why changes are needed. " the constant availability of foods and beverages may increase the likelihood of impulse buying and contribute to overeating by some students, " the usda website says. it lists states and school districts that have imposed some restrictions on these foods.


christmas bird count - published : december 23, 2010 the worldwide bird count that glen helen participated in last saturday, dec. 18, uncovered 2, 524 birds of 38 different species that are foraging and making a living in the glen this winter. according to glen helen ecology institute director nick boutis, wintertime never supports as many birds as the warmer months, and the species of european starlings generally considered vermin dwarfed the variety considerably. the starlings were brought here last century by societies bent on propagating around the world the birds in shakespeare ’ s plays, boutis said. the starlings and house sparrows ( not commonin this area ) are aggressive and adaptable and generally out - compete native species for food and nesting space, he said. but the intrepid presence of the less common yellow - bellied sapsuckers and flickers keeps hope alive that the glen still manages to support a healthy ecosystem of aviators. the biannual bird count includes not only the glen but the village of yellow springs and the surrounding area, whose data will be added to the glen ’ s growing body of evidence of the trends and health of its land. the counts are an opportunity for people to look out their windows and participate in the oldest continuously operating civilian science effort in the world, boutis said. bird counts began over 100 years ago, but while the glen has a few years of species data dating back to the 1940s, it was only two years ago that the preserve began comprehensive record - keeping of the flora and fauna of the area. the full results of the christmas bird count are as follows : european starling : 1, 515 american robin : 341 carolina chickadee : 130 american crow : 87 northern cardinal : 58 white - throated sparrow : 46 dark - eyed junco : 43 tufted titmouse : 44 blue jay : 33 white - breasted nuthatch : 30 mourning dove : 27 american goldfinch : 26 red - bellied woodpecker : 25 mallard : 18 downy woodpecker : 12 turkey vulture : 9 house sparrow : 8 black vulture : 1 cooper ’ s hawk : 1 red - shouldered hawk : 1 red - tailed hawk : 4 great horned owl : 1 barred owl : 1 belted kingfisher : 1 yellow - bellied sapsucker : 4 hairy woodpecker : 4 northern flicker : 5 pileated woodpecker : 4 brown creeper : 8 carolina wren : 9 winter wren : 3 golden - crowned kinglet : 6 eastern bluebird


marijuana smoke not as harmful as cigarette smoke, study finds marijuana was made illegal as a public health safety measure, but according to results from a new study from the university of alabama at birmingham, marijuana smoke is not as damaging to the lungs as cigarette smoke. published in the january edition of journal of the american medical association, researchers compared the lung function of marijuana and tobacco users over a 20 - year time span. the results showed that tobacco smoke had the same effect on its users as past studies, which is loss of air flow and lung volumes, but the same did not hold true for marijuana smokers. “ at levels of marijuana exposure commonly seen in american, occasional marijuana use was associated with increases in lung air flow fates and increases in lung capacity, ” said dr. stefan kertesz, associate professor at university of alabama at birmingham, and lead author of the study. “ those increases were not large, but they were statistically significant. and the data showed that even up to moderately high use levels, one joint a day for seven years, there is no evidence of decreased air - flow rates or lung volumes, ” he said. medical marijuana has been made legal in 16 states and washington d. c., and historically has been used to manage such illnesses as aids, glaucoma and cancer. with over 16. 7 million people using marijuana monthly, according to the national survey on drug use, these new study findings will allow users to better differentiate and understand how their lungs are affected by marijuana smoke. “ with marijuana use increasing and large numbers of people who have been and continue to be exposed, knowing whether it causes lasting damage to lung function is important for public - health messaging and medical use of marijuana, ” he said. kertesz also cautions marijuana smokers that this information does not confirm that smoking marijuana is good for the lungs, and these new findings may not apply to heavy users. “ the relationship changes for people who get to high levels of lifetime exposure, ” kertesz said. “ at that point, the data suggests there is a decline in lung air - flow rate. there also may be other damaging effects that don ’ t manifest until extremely high levels of exposure ; we did not have enough very heavy marijuana smokers in this study to determine this, ” he explained. lastly, the researchers were careful to mention that the scope of this study was only to determine the relationship between marijuana smoking and proper lung function, and did not study the affects on other parts of the body. they also maintain that the researchers do


final product what you ' ll be creating have you seen those animated adverts, where the text seamlessly moves along path? in this tutorial we are going to learn how to create a sequence that involves text animating along a custom path using the first margin text property. a custom path is a vector path that is drawn freehand using the pen tool in after effects. create a new composition the first thing we are going to do is create a composition ; this is the canvas you will create your animation on. to manually create a composition, you need to do the following. choose new composition. new composition window. this will open the composition dialog box. the options on the basic tab will allow you to set up the preset, width, height, aspect ratio, frames per second, start code and duration for your animated sequence. with the dialog box open apply the following settings : preset : pal d1 / dv width and height : 720 x 576 aspect ratio : d1 / dv pal 1. 09 start timecode : 0. 00. 00. 00 depending on your output, you may want to set up the first 4 settings at other standard settings, for example for northern american broadcast media or for the web. so now our sequence will run for 30 seconds. changing background color of the composition. to change the background color you need to do the following : choose background color. this will open the color picker dialog box. the color picker dialog box. click ok to choose a color for your background. with your cursor move around within the color space to pick a color, when you have chosen your color click ok to accept this. creating text for the animation. using the text tool type out a word on the stage. choose the font and size using the character palette. the character palette. creating the path for the animation with the text layer selected, select the pen tool draw a path for the text to follow. make sure that rotobezier check box in the tool palette, is selected, this allows you to draw a smooth path. twirl down the text option to reveal the path options. select mask 1 for the path, this is the path you have just created. now the text is automatically linked to that path. animating text the path with the play back at the start of the time line, create a keyframe for the first margin property. for this property set the stopwatch and drag the word to the beginning of the path by dragging the slide


welcome to the wyoming homeowners and small acreage website. here you will find information, tools and resources to protect your family, pets and the water when using chemicals. for questions and comments, please contact the wyoming department of agriculture. definition of pesticide as defined by wyoming state statute 35 - 7 - 354 : - ( i ) any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pests ; - ( ii ) any substance or mixture of substances intended for use as a plant regulator, defoliant, or desiccant ; and - ( iii ) any substance or mixture of substances intended to be used as a spray adjuvant. did you know that these common household products are pesticides? - cockroach sprays and baits. - insect sprays and wasp repellents for indoor use. - insect repellents for personal use. - termite control products. - rat and other rodent poisons. - flea and tick sprays, powders, and pet collars. - kitchen, laundry, and bath disinfectants and sanitizers, including bleach. - products to kill mold and mildew - lawn and garden products such as weed killers. - swimming pool chemicals, including those that kill algae - repellents that keep deer, raccoons, or rabbits away from your garden.


fact sheet 729 st. johns wort ( hypericin ) what is st. john ' s wort? what are the benefits of st. john ' s wort? why do people with hiv use st. john ' s wort? how is st. john ' s wort used? what are the side effects? how does it interact with other therapies? the bottom line st. john ’ s wort is a flowering plant. ( “ wort ” is an old english word for an herb or plant. ) it grows in many parts of the world. its scientific name is hypericum perforatum. all of the aboveground parts of the plant are used. they are collected while the plant is flowering. st. john ’ s wort has traditionally been used to treat bruises, burns, and mild depression or anxiety. st. john ’ s wort contains many different substances that work together. a major compound is hypericin. currently, the major use of st. john ’ s wort is to treat mild depression or anxiety. in 1996, the british medical journal published a review of scientific studies on st. john ’ s wort and depression. this review supports the herb ’ s use to treat mild or moderate depression. a study of 150 patients in 2006 showed similar results. exactly how st. john ’ s wort treats depression is unclear, although it may be similar to the action of some pharmaceutical products. hypericin is active against several viruses, including cytomegalovirus, human papillomavirus, hepatitis b, and herpes. this antiviral activity has been shown in the laboratory and animal studies, but not in human studies. the herb seems to work against viruses by oxidation. the herb ’ s antiviral effect is stronger when exposed to light. st. john ’ s wort was studied in 1991 in people with hiv disease. the doses were much higher than for treating depression. patients were given intravenous doses of purified hypericin. the study was stopped when every white - skinned patient in the trial became very sensitive to light. they developed skin rashes and some could not go outside until after they stopped taking hypericin. the one black - skinned patient did not have this reaction. although st. john ’ s wort has some antiviral activity at high doses, there are no scientific studies to show that it can reduce people ’ s hiv viral load. however, it is effective against mild to moderate depression and anxiety.


. although st. john ’ s wort has some antiviral activity at high doses, there are no scientific studies to show that it can reduce people ’ s hiv viral load. however, it is effective against mild to moderate depression and anxiety. it is also useful for treating insomnia. many people with hiv have used st. john ’ s wort for these purposes. early in 2000, a study showed that st. john ’ s wort causes a large drop in blood levels of indinavir. see “ how does it interact with other therapies. ” st. john ’ s wort is used in several forms. the most common form is in capsules containing a powder of the dried plant. it is also used in oil - based preparations, especially for use on the skin. as mentioned earlier, a highly purified form of hypericin was used in research studies but caused serious sensitivity to light. the british review of the use of st. john ’ s wort to treat depression found that many different doses were used. the best dosage is not known. the only known side effect of st. john ’ s wort is skin rash and sensitivity to light. this side effect is only seen with a purified extract or at extremely high dosages. st. john ’ s wort has sometimes been used to increase women ’ s menstrual flow. it may have a negative effect on fertility for both men and women. pregnant women should not use it. there are very few studies of interactions between st. john ’ s wort and medications or other herbs. some bad reactions have been reported in people who combine st. john ’ s wort with anti - depression medications. do not use st. john ' s wort with other antidepressants. a study published in february 2000 showed that st. john ’ s wort affects the liver and reduces the levels of indinavir ( crixivan ) in the blood. even low doses of st. john ’ s wort made the blood levels of indinavir go down by more than 50 %. this could make indinavir ineffective against hiv and allow resistance to develop rapidly. st. john ’ s wort probably also changes the blood levels of other drugs that are broken down by the liver, including non - nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors. do not use st. john ’ s wort if you are taking antiretroviral drugs ( arvs ). be sure your


down by the liver, including non - nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors. do not use st. john ’ s wort if you are taking antiretroviral drugs ( arvs ). be sure your health care provider knows if you are using st. john ’ s wort. however, most antidepressant drugs also change the blood levels of some arvs. you and your health care provider should discuss the costs, risks, and benefits of different treatments for depression. st. john ’ s wort may also block the effects of birth control pills and may interfere with several other medications. be sure your health care provider knows if you are taking st. john ’ s wort while taking any medications. st. john ’ s wort is a flowering plant used for several health problems. it is mainly used to treat mild or moderate depression. it is active against viruses in the laboratory and in some animal studies. however, high doses of a purified extract used in human studies of its antiviral effect caused serious sensitivity to light. st. john ’ s wort interacts with the liver and speeds up the processing of some drugs, including protease inhibitors. do not use st. john ’ s wort if you are taking arvs. people with hiv may want to take st. john ’ s wort to deal with mild or moderate depression, if they are not taking arvs. be sure your health care provider knows if you are taking st. john ’ s wort while taking any medications. back to fact sheet categories partially funded by the national library of medicine


the temple trailer village, seen in this 1953 photograph, opened in the early 1940s to provide affordable housing to federal government workers and their families during world war ii, and later housed returning veterans. the mobile home park was southeast of the intersection of duke street and telegraph road and was located in fairfax county until the 1952 annexation made it part of the city of alexandria. this photograph was taken when telegraph road, to the left, still passed under the railroad tracks. the american trailer company operated temple trailer village and other mobile home communities, including oak grove on richmond highway in fairfax county. by the 1960s, temple village had grown to more than 300 lots along roads named lee drive, temple terrace, mason drive and washington drive. the property included a management office, grocery store, post office, barbershop and community building. the community building was built in the late 1940s with $ 27, 000 in federal funds to support housing for veterans. the community building offered residents convenience facilities such as washers, dryers and showers, and a variety of events, including church services, dances, large suppers and hobby classes, were held there. in the early 1950s, the building was even used by fairfax county public schools as classroom space when the lee - jackson school became too crowded. in 1971, after the american trailer company partnered with real estate developer hubert hoffman, temple village closed down, residents had to move out, and a new government office building was erected on the eastern part of the property. today, hoffman building i and adjacent parking lots to the north and west cover the tract where temple trailer village once stood.


science fair project encyclopedia santiago ramon y cajal he was born in petilla de aragon, a navarrese enclave in aragon, spain and attended the medical school of zaragoza, from which he graduated in 1873. he also became a doctor of medicine in madrid in 1883. he was the director of the zaragoza museum ( 1879 ). he became a university professor at valencia ( 1881 ), at barcelona ( 1886 ), and at madrid ( 1892 ). he was director of the national institute of hygiene ( 1899 ). he founded the laboratorio de investigaciones biologicas ( 1902 ) which later became the cajal institute ( 1922 ). among his many distinctions and memberships of societies, he was also made an honorary doctor of medicine of the universities of cambridge and wurzburg, and doctor of philosophy of the clark university. he published over 100 scientific works and articles in french, spanish and german. his most famous works are " rules and advices on scientific investigation, " " histology, " " degeneration and regeneration of the nervous system, " " manual of normal histology and micrographic technique, " " elements of histology, etc., " " manual of general pathological anatomy, " " new ideas on the fine anatomy of the nerve centres, " " textbook on the nervous system of man and the vertebrates, " and " the retina of vertebrates. " his most famous studies were on the structure of the cortex of the brain. he discovered that the nervous system is made up of billions of separate nerve cells ( neurons ) and that nerve cells are polarized. he described the terminal branching of neurons, devised a way to stain nerve tissues, and made many other discoveries in the structure of the nervous system. for this work he was awarded the nobel prize in physiology or medicine in 1906, which he shared with camillo golgi. he married silveria fananas garcia in 1879 with whom he had four daughters and three sons. he died in madrid in 1934. the contents of this article is licensed from www. wikipedia. org under the gnu free documentation license. click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details


however, there ’ s one very important food that ’ s essential to our wellbeing which is not often spoken about : fermented foods. they are among the true nutritional heroes. fermented foods, such as yoghurt, cabbage, pickles, sourdough, or drinks like “ kombucha ”, promote good bacteria ( probiotics ) in our gut or digestive system. our gut, aptly nicknamed “ the forgotten organ ” houses between 300 and 1000 different species of bacteria, both good and bad, and when our gut is in balance this influences our mental, emotional and physical wellbeing. even hippocrates once stated that all diseases begin in the gut. did you know : that 90 per cent of the body ’ s total serotonin - the “ happiness and wellbeing ” hormone - is located in the gut? the balance of good bacteria to bad bacteria or pathogens can be disrupted by a number of factors, such as antibiotics, medications, excess alcohol, excess sugar, stress, lack of sleep, food and water - borne pathogens and also gut conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome, crohn ' s disease, or food allergies such as lactose and gluten intolerance. when the presence of good bacteria is compromised in the gut, this can cause a whole host of problems including a low immune system, reoccurring illnesses, thrust, chronic diarrhea, constipation, poor digestion, skin conditions, allergies, intolerances and even adhd and depression. so when the gut flora ( bacteria ) is healthy, it assists the digestive cells ( called enterocytes ) to regenerate, which heals and seals the gut lining and digests and absorbs essential nutrients. this in turn strengthens your immune system, reduces systemic and gut inflammation, supports mental health and cognitive functioning, and supports healthy weight management. fermented foods are easily digested and readily absorbed by the body. they help to break down the lactose in dairy, or the gluten and lectin components of bread. not all fermented products are created equal, however. wine and beer are also fermented, however i don ’ t suggest drinking alcohol as a healthy measure to restore the good bacteria in your gut ( because the strength of the alcohol itself kills the beneficial flora in your gut ). and avoid buying canned or commercially produced fermented foods. these are often highly processed,


this exercise system originated in sweden where trotting is a major sport. it may well be the reason for the swedes ' supremacy in this field as their horses are exercised from six months to maturity by a natural and simple method that causes no ligament or joint stress to their horses. the exercise yard consists of a series of corridors side by side. each one is fairly narrow - 6 to 10 yards wide and 100 / 200 yards long. the corridors are separated by 2 strands of tape and closed at the ends with 3 strands. one horse is put into each corridor for 2 to 3 hours. it is important that the horses should be beside each other. they will tend to run up and down the full length of the corridor out of curiosity, competitiveness to their neighbor, or just out for playfulness. as each horse is confined to it ' s own corridor it is unable to injure itself or either of it ' s neighbors. when the horses stop running and playing it is either because they have become used to their companions or because they have exercised enough. at the next session it is then necessary to vary each horse ' s routine by either switching corridors or putting a strange or more fiery horse beside it. after few month with this form of natural exercising horses, foals and even older horses will have developed good, hard muscles, improved wind and stronger hearts. it is not necessary to lunge or ride them by the hour and this will develop a natural competitive spirit. with tape corridors their training starts, quite naturally, at weaning. by the age of two a horse reared this way has the build of a mature athlete and is raring to begin formal training. ( from weanling onwards. )


provided by georgia health sciences university some unusual alliances are necessary for you to wiggle your fingers, researchers report. understanding those relationships should enable better treatment of neuromuscular diseases, such as myasthenia gravis, which prevent muscles from taking orders from your brain, said lin mei, ph. d., director of the institute of molecular medicine and genetics at georgia health sciences university. during development, neurons in the spinal cord reach out to muscle fibers to form a direct line of communication called the neuromuscular junction. once complete, motor neurons send chemical messengers, called acetylcholine, via that junction so you can text, walk, or breathe. as a first step in laying down the junction, motor neurons release the protein agrin, which reaches out to lrp4, a protein on the muscle cell surface. in turn, this activates musk, an enzyme that supports the clustering of receptors on the muscle cell surface that will enable communication between the brain and muscle. the precise alignment between the neuron and muscle cell that occurs during development ensures there is no confusion about what the brain is telling the muscle to do. a missing piece was how agrin and lrp4 get together. a study published february 1 in the journal genes & development shows that in the space between the neuron and its muscle cell, agrin and lrp4 first form two diverse work teams : each team has one agrin and one lrp4. the two teams then merge to form a four - molecule complex essential to musk activation and to the clustering of receptors that will receive the chemical messenger acetylcholine on the muscle cell. it was expected that the two agrins would get together first, then prompt the lrp4s to merge. “ this is very novel, ” said mei, and an important finding in efforts to intervene in diseases that attack the neuromuscular junction. mei and rongsheng jin, ph. d., neuroscientist and structural biologist in the del e. webb center for neuroscience, aging, and stem cell research at sanford - burnham, are co - corresponding authors of the study. to reveal the novel mechanism, they used a technique known as x - ray crystallography, which produces 3 - d “ pictures ” of protein at the atomic level using powerful x - ray beams. myasthenia gravis, which paralyzes previously healthy individuals, targets these protein workers. the condition, which can run in families,


produces 3 - d “ pictures ” of protein at the atomic level using powerful x - ray beams. myasthenia gravis, which paralyzes previously healthy individuals, targets these protein workers. the condition, which can run in families, likely results from a process called mimicry in which the immune system starts making antibodies to the body ’ s own proteins. the majority of patients have antibodies to acetylcholine receptors and a smaller percentage have antibodies to musk. more recently, georgia health sciences university researchers also helped identify lrp4 as an antibody target. the scientists already are looking at the impact of the antibodies on the lrp4 complex. understanding its unique structure is essential to designing drugs that could one day block such attacks. “ prior to this we had no idea how they interacted, ” mei said. in addition to providing new information on muscle diseases, this study might also have a far - reaching ripple effect in the field of neuroscience. “ this is just the beginning, ” says jin. “ now that we know more about how signals are transferred during the formation of neuromuscular junctions, we can start looking at how a similar system might work in brain synapses and how it malfunctions in neurodegenerative conditions like alzheimer ’ s and parkinson ’ s diseases. if we can figure out how to trigger the formation of new brain synapses, maintain old synapses, or simply slow their disappearance, we ’ d be much better equipped to prevent or treat these diseases. ” zong y, zhang b, gu s, lee k, zhou j, yao g, figueiredo d, perry k, mei l, & jin r ( 2012 ). structural basis of agrin - lrp4 - musk signaling. genes & development, 26 ( 3 ), 247 - 58 pmid : 22302937


unleashing the nuclear watchdog : strengthening and reform of the iaea author : trevor findlay, research fellow, project on managing the atom / international security program the international atomic energy agency ( iaea ) is the principal multilateral organization mandated by the international community to deal with nuclear issues. established in 1957 and based in vienna, it is essentially the nucleus around which all other parts of the global nuclear governance system revolve. this report, based on more than two years of research, interviews and consultations, concludes that the iaea is : - irreplaceable — like the united nations itself, if it did not exist it would have to be invented ; - considering its capabilities, size and budget, a veritable bargain for international peace and security ; - effective and efficient — mostly ; - in need of both strengthening and reform — in certain key respects ; and - deserving of increased funding from member states and greater support from all stakeholders. the iaea has attributes and roles that cannot be matched by other organizations, groups of states or individual states, no matter how powerful or influential : - it is a standing, multilateral organization with near universal membership and a science and technology orientation. - its nuclear safeguards system and associated verification activity is unparalleled. - its legitimacy and credibility allow it to oversee the formulation and dissemination of global nuclear nonproliferation, safety and security norms. - its role in fostering improved nuclear safety is well established and set to grow following the 2011 fukushima disaster. - its work in the sensitive area of nuclear security is expanding and has great long - term potential, given the likely ephemeral nature of some other international arrangements. - its independence from the nuclear industry allows it to be a disinterested promoter of nuclear energy for states where it is appropriate, affordable and subject to the achievement of necessary milestones. - its assistance to developing countries in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy is an essential component of the nuclear non - proliferation bargain. - its impartiality permits it to be a facilitator and, in some cases, an active driver of treaty implementation across a wide spectrum of nuclear issues. - it plays a unique role in fostering a truly international nuclear community. the organization has, in many respects, evolved deftly over the past 55 years, shedding unrealizable visions, seizing new opportunities and handling with aplomb several international crises into which it has been drawn. its secretariat ' s technical competence and professionalism is highly regarded. the


evolved deftly over the past 55 years, shedding unrealizable visions, seizing new opportunities and handling with aplomb several international crises into which it has been drawn. its secretariat ' s technical competence and professionalism is highly regarded. the iaea is widely viewed as one of the most effective and efficient in the un family of organizations. zero real budgetary growth has forced the agency to stay relatively compact and to continuously seek efficiencies. the research for this report confirms that, nonetheless, while the iaea does not need a dramatic overhaul, it does need strengthening and reform — in particular respects. the agency has not taken advantage of all the authorities and capacities that it has, and it sometimes has failed to seize opportunities staring it in the face. like all venerable organizations it also suffers from a number of longstanding " legacy " issues that need fixing. for the iaea ' s key programs — safeguards, safety, security and promotion of the peaceful uses of nuclear energy — the following conclusions were reached : - nuclear safeguards have been considerably strengthened in recent years, but current efforts to find new approaches and technologies and to change the old safeguards culture need to be intensified ; - the agency ' s role in nuclear safety is being strengthened post - fukushima, but remains hobbled by member states ' reluctance to commit to mandatory measures and provide adequate resources ; - the agency ' s emergency response capabilities produced mixed outcomes during the fukushima disaster and need careful reconsideration and extra resources ; - the nuclear security tasks accorded to the agency by member states, although growing, tend to be modest and supportive of external efforts : the secretariat needs to rapidly equip itself for this new area of work and member states need to resource this activity properly ; and - technical cooperation ( tc ) has long been undermanaged, under - resourced and overexploited by some member states ; current reform efforts need to be sustained and extended. among the agency ' s governance, managerial and administrative challenges are the following : - the governing bodies have seen a dissipation of the " spirit of vienna, " resulting from sharpened political divisions between developed and developing countries — especially over compliance, verification and peaceful uses ; - the agency ' s leadership has struggled to find the correct balance between taking the initiative as an " independent " organization and necessary acquiescence to member states ' disparate and evolving demands — especially over noncompliance controversies ; - the secretariat has faced some long - standing management issues, including : insufficient strategic planning


taking the initiative as an " independent " organization and necessary acquiescence to member states ' disparate and evolving demands — especially over noncompliance controversies ; - the secretariat has faced some long - standing management issues, including : insufficient strategic planning ; a flat management structure ; inconsistent practices and quality control across departments ; programmatic stovepiping ; a proliferation of programs, projects and mechanisms ; and inadequate personnel policies ; - as a result of zero real budgetary growth, the agency ' s infrastructure, technology ( including it ) and human resources have deteriorated and the adoption of modern management tools has been delayed ( although steps are underway to address all of these ) ; - intra - agency barriers to communication, transparency and information sharing have persisted ; and - the agency has not communicated successfully with all of its stakeholders, including the media, the general public, the nuclear industry, the international development community and even member states. in addition to meeting current expectations, the agency also needs to prepare itself for future challenges : - given that verification is never 100 percent effective and is likely to be needed in perpetuity, and that certain states may still risk non - compliance, safeguards and other verification capacities need constant enhancement, especially for detecting undeclared activities ; - the agency ' s roles in nuclear safety and security by their very nature will likewise always be works - in - progress ; - new special verification mandates may arise or be resurrected at any time, as in the cases of iran, north korea and syria ; - the agency will likely be offered a role in verifying steps towards global nuclear disarmament, beginning with a fissionable material cut - off treaty and assistance with bilateral us / russia cuts ; - and despite fukushima, runaway climate change may induce rapid demand for nuclear electricity and an upsurge in demand for the agency ' s advisory and assistance services. reform and strengthening is already occurring in a number of areas of the iaea ' s operations. unless otherwise indicated, this report endorses such efforts and, in many instances, recommends that they be pursued with even greater vigour. this report also identifies a raft of other possibilities, both major and minor, for improving the agency ' s performance in the short to medium term. in most cases, however, change will only be achievable if all the players work in tandem. several proposals would require amending the statute or involve decisions by the board of governors ( bog ) and or the general conference ( gc ). there should be no illusions about the difficulty of achieving


that, like many organizations, the agency has assumed an independent identity and presence in international affairs that no one member state can gainsay, and that in some circumstances it has some room for independent manoeuvre, especially by balancing the interests of various member states. it can in some respects strengthen and reform itself. but ultimately, it is constrained by the strong preferences of its membership as a whole or those of key, active member states. it is therefore to the member states that we must look to trigger and sustain lasting strengthening and reform — and thus unleash the nuclear watchdog. " opportune time to improve iaea ' s role in global governance " — an interview with trevor findlay : http : / / www. cigionline. org / articles / 2012 / 06 / unleashing - nuclear - watchdog - interview visit the center for international governance innovation ' s interactive feature and timeline : http : / / interactive. cigionline. org / iaea / read the policy brief that summarizes the report ' s key findings and policy recommendations : http : / / belfercenter. ksg. harvard. edu / publication / 22130 / for more information about this publication please contact the isp program coordinator at 617 - 496 - 1981. full text of this publication is available at : for academic citation :


did your holiday guests keep you up until the wee hours? did shopping on black friday ( or before ) leave you exhausted? a long thanksgiving weekend should offer an opportunity for some serious shut - eye. but though we spend almost a third of our lives asleep, that doesn ’ t make us experts on how much is too much or how many hours of rest the kids need to be sharp in school. let ’ s tackle some popular misconceptions about mr. sandman. 1 you need eight hours of sleep per night. that ’ s the cliche. napoleon, for one, didn ’ t believe it. his prescription went something like this : “ six hours for a man, seven for a woman and eight for a fool. " but napoleon ’ s formula wasn ’ t right, either. the ideal amount of sleep is different for everyone and depends on many factors, including age and genetic makeup. in the past 10 years, a research team in munich has surveyed the sleep behavior of more than 150, 000 people. about 11 percent slept six hours or less, while only 27 percent clocked eight or more. the majority fell in between. women tended to sleep longer than men, but only by 14 minutes. bigger differences are seen when comparing various age groups. ten - year - olds needed about nine hours of sleep, while adults older than 30, including senior citizens, averaged about seven. we recently identified the first gene associated with sleep duration — if you have one variant of this gene, you need more sleep than if you have another. although it ’ s common to hear warnings about getting too much sleep — and 80 percent of the world uses an alarm clock to wake up on workdays — it ’ s not difficult to figure out how much sleep we need. we sometimes overeat, but we generally cannot oversleep. when we wake up unprompted, feeling refreshed, we have slept enough. in our industrial and urban society, we sleep about two hours less per night than 50 years ago. like alcohol, this sleep deprivation significantly decreases our work performance and compromises our health and memory. 2 early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. benjamin franklin ’ s proverbial praise of early risers made sense in the second half of the 18th century, when his peers were exposed to much more daylight and to very dark nights. their body clocks were tightly synchronized to this day - night cycle. this changed as work gradually moved indoors, performed under the far weaker intensity of


second half of the 18th century, when his peers were exposed to much more daylight and to very dark nights. their body clocks were tightly synchronized to this day - night cycle. this changed as work gradually moved indoors, performed under the far weaker intensity of artificial light during the day and, if desired, all night long. the timing of sleep — earlier or later — is controlled by our internal clocks, which determine what researchers call our optimal “ sleep window. " with electric light, our body clocks have shifted later while the workday has essentially remained the same. we fall asleep according to our ( late ) body clock and are awakened early for work by the alarm clock. we therefore suffer from chronic sleep deprivation, for which we try to compensate by sleeping in on free days. many of us sleep more than an hour longer on weekends than on workdays. this discrepancy between what our body clocks want and what our social clocks want has been termed “ social jet lag. " this is most obvious in teenagers. their tendency to sleep longer is biological, not laziness, and it reaches its peak around age 20. studies show that teenagers who sleep later and start school later exhibit improved academic performance, higher motivation, decreased absenteeism and better eating habits. yet many cultures reward people who start work early, even if they ’ re operating on reduced sleep. as a result, many successful people are short - sleeping early risers such as margaret thatcher and bill clinton. fortunately for those of us who like to hit the snooze button, success is not restricted to early birds. albert einstein and elvis presley, for example, were late sleepers. 3 exercise helps you sleep. exercising may contribute to falling asleep earlier, and it certainly helps us sleep soundly through the night. but it ’ s light, not physical activity, that proves the german proverb “ fresh air makes you tired. " exercise often means being outside and getting more light — on average, 1, 000 times more than indoor levels. exposure to sunlight synchronizes our body clocks with daylight. sleep is not only regulated by the body clock, but also by how long we were awake ( also known as the buildup of “ sleep pressure " ). but not all waking hours are equal. we ’ ll get more tired skiing, for example, than sitting at a desk sending email. this is one reason we sometimes lie awake at the end of a long day at the office despite utter exhaustion. 4 sleep is just a matter of discipline. most


’ ll get more tired skiing, for example, than sitting at a desk sending email. this is one reason we sometimes lie awake at the end of a long day at the office despite utter exhaustion. 4 sleep is just a matter of discipline. most parents and teachers think that if teenagers are zombies in the morning, they just lack the discipline to go to bed early. although it is true that exposure to computer and television screens late at night makes for late rising, early - to - bed teenagers will still have a hard time getting up at the crack of dawn. think of teenagers as early shift workers who suffer the most social jet lag. they go to school at their biological equivalent of midnight with profound consequences for learning and memory. they suffer from sleep deprivation during the school week and certainly should be allowed to catch up on weekends. however, they should sleep with daylight coming into their bedrooms and should refrain from using light - emitting devices after 10 p. m. 5 most couples have very different sleep habits. we ’ ve all heard stories : a woman tries to sleep while her husband is reading. or one spouse needs to sleep in but the other wants to start the day. but again, this is a matter of biology and genetics, not habits and personal preference. women generally fall asleep earlier than men, who tend toward night owlishness. women, however, tend to control the sleep times in a partnership. husbands of women who work late shifts at night, for example, go to bed much earlier when their wives are at home than when their wives are working late, research has found. one finding that might be surprising, given how much time we spend in our beds : men and women don ’ t seem to give any consideration to sleep patterns when choosing a mate.


entering professional theatre chapter 3 : advanced walking and diet by john bent jr. ( msw ) advanced sound walking it is a well documented fact, that almost all the sound effects used in theatre in the 1950s were chickens. chickens clucking, chickens pecking, chickens flying ( science would later discover that chickens can not in fact fly ), and chickens cooking. in fact sound walking wasn ’ t even called sound walking in the 1950 ’ s. it was known as “ dodging the chicken ”. jack apogee would have only have dealt with chicken sounds, and as a result, his repertoire of walking techniques was small. but today there are many sound effects, like thunder, automobiles, and flatulence. this chapter shall deal with the advances in walking sound, and the many strides modern sound walking has taken. jack apogee dodging the chickens designer – walker communication many aspects of technical theatre were borrowed from other sources, and one of these sources is the navy. knot tying, rigging, wigs, and the underwear parade, are deep, rich naval traditions. so when sound walkers found it difficult to take instructions from their designers, it was a naval technique that saved the day. semaphore. a sound designer on leave from hms sussex although the semaphore used in modern sound walking has it ’ s roots in the navy, it was updated to suit the sound designer and sound walker ’ s needs. naval semaphore is nothing but an alphabet, but because most sound walkers can ’ t read, let alone spell, the navy ’ s semaphore just wouldn ’ t do. here are some examples of semaphore for sound levels or “ flagging the walker ”. a sound walker pretending to know how to read. examples of flagging the walker due to the rising cost of gaff tape, modern day theatres are reducing the set up time for shows. where crews used to have weeks to set up a show, now they only have days. in the future, sound levels will be set during the closing performance of the previous show. crews have had to learn to multitask in order to utilise the time given. it ’ s not enough to just be a sound walker any more. while walking sound, you may be asked to sew buttons on a costume, paint a piece of scenery, or choreograph the 2nd act. you must evolve to keep up with the times. the multitasking sound booth many new products on the market will help


may be asked to sew buttons on a costume, paint a piece of scenery, or choreograph the 2nd act. you must evolve to keep up with the times. the multitasking sound booth many new products on the market will help with this new “ time crunch ” that is infecting modern theatre. here are some examples … why set levels on only 1 cue at a time when you can do 2? this machine produces ideas on how to save overtime. it costs 19 million dollars. sound walking and choreography try and ignore the distractions sound walkers diet a lot of pressure has been put on sound walkers in recent years to slim down. high frequency sound waves are better represented on stage through thinner sound walkers. many of the sound walkers of the past were very large people who would trade their shiny beads in for greasy breakfasts in the theatre ’ s cafeteria. the 1956 “ sound walker special ” at the lincoln center this new “ thinner sound walker ” movement has created a lot of controversy. “ how thin is too thin ” and “ respect the large walker ” and “ give me back my fucking bacon ” have been the cries heard from the n. a. s. w. a. in recent years. not only has the health of the sound walker come into question, but this new “ walk the thin line ” call from producers has cost many sound walkers their sponsorships. “ no more beads for you thin bastards ” is the reply from long time sponsors mcdonalds, burger king, and uncle deans deep fried pork skins. eating to be thin has cost many a sound walker their sponsorships. the next chapter will deal with instructions for certification through a correspondence course, including all forms necessary to complete your sound walker accreditation. for more information on sound walking visit your local library or call the apogee sound walking institute at 1 - 800 - loudwalk. sound walker student during examination at the apogee sound walking institute in south - western greenland pdf download soundwalkingchapter3


have you ever wondered – what exactly are probiotics and what are they used for? the word ‘ probiotics ’ means ‘ for life. ’ essentially, they are live microorganisms – often referred to as ‘ good bacteria ’ which already live in our bodies ( intestines ) or may be beneficial to health. mechanisms for action you may find the idea of bacteria in your body as a reason to rush out and take antibiotics, but believe it or not, we need bacteria throughout our small and large intestine to help digest food and keep our immune system functioning properly. according to the national center for complementary and alternative medicine ( nccam ), the effects of probiotics on health include reducing harmful organisms in the intestine, producing antimicrobial substances that destroy or suppress the growth of microorganisms, and stimulating the body ’ s immune response. basically, the research is still out about all of the health benefits and efficacy due to the lack of randomized controlled, double - blind studies that have been conducted with probiotics. healthy digestive tract = healthy immune system probiotics were identified around the turn of the century. researchers were looking at correlations between longevity and milk fermented with lactic acid bacteria in european and russian communities. remember those dannon commericials with the dancing 100 year - old russians? in addition to breathing in pathogens, eating food and drinking beverages is another way of bringing germs into the body, so a healthy gastrointestinal tract is a good first line of defense.


the south asia free trade agreement ( safta ) was agreed to among the seven south asia countries that form the south asian association for regional cooperation ( saarc ) : bangladesh, bhutan, india, maldives, nepal, pakistan and sri lanka safta came into effect on 1 january 2006, with the aim of reducing tarrifs for intraregional trade among the seven saarc members. pakistan and india are to complete implementation by 2012, sri lanka by 2013 and bangladesh, bhutan, maldives and nepal by 2015. safta replaces the earlier south asia preferential trade agreement ( sapta ) and may eventually lead to a full - fledged south asia economic union. the road to implementation, however, is plagued by the overarching conflict between india and pakistan. last update : may 2012 peru : ¡ por un limite no negociable de nuestros derechos! | 20 - may - 2013 planton contra el tpp | 20 - may - 2013 in whose interest is eu - india fta being negotiated? | 16 - may - 2013 colombia : paro nacional de productores | 13 - may - 2013 japanese movement against tpp growing | 10 - may - 2013 traders protest against govt policies on fdi, fta | 6 - may - 2013 carta abierta al presidente correa : no al tlc con la ue | 30 - april - 2013 japan ’ s rice lobby visits capitol hill to fight free trade pact | 25 - april - 2013 relase ipa activists that demand to stop trade liberalization! | 22 - april - 2013 indios rechazan la firma de un tlc con union europea | 12 - april - 2013 l ’ accord entre l ’ union europeenne et l ’ inde menace l ’ acces aux traitements en afrique du nord et au moyen - orient | 12 - april - 2013 join the rally to oppose eu - india fta! | 9 - april - 2013


what specific biochemical processes are involved in inducing meiosis rather than mitosis? why are gonadal cells the only cells in the human body which do undergo meiosis? it ' s a difficult question because every step in the development of a germ cell is ultimately necessary for the final differentiation, which includes a meiotic division. meiosis requires a lot of specialized components to pair and segregate homologues, to induce and resolve recombination, etc. what starts it all is still largely unknown. there are plenty of mutants that halt the process, but these are required along the way, so damaging the pathway ultimately stops it from progressing. at least one study has been able to initiate the program of meiosis in yeast : induction of meiosis in saccharomyces cerevisiae depends on conversion of the transcriptional represssor ume6 to a positive regulator by its regulated association with the transcriptional activator ime1. i rubin - bejerano, s mandel, k robzyk, and y kassir basically, they turned on a transcription factor, which activated an entire suite of downstream genes necessary for meiosis. in essence, they turned on the " meiosis pathway. " bear in mind this is yeast, so does ' t have separate germ cells, but the concept is probably the same. all other cells are diploid. only in germ cells does the organism induce reductional divisions ( to make haploid gametes for ultimate fusion in the zygote of the next generation ). creation of haploid somatic cells would uncover recessive lethal mutations and cells would die. in sperm and eggs, which do not express any genes until after fertilization and karyogamy, this is not a problem. ultimately, it seems that follicle - stimulating hormone ( fsh ), released from the pituitary gland, may be the direct signal for spermatocytes to enter meiosis. it ' s worth noting, though, that these results come from in vitro studies, where spermatocytes were co - cultured with all cell types of seminiferous tubules in an artificial medium, which makes it a rather crude approximation of in vivo conditions : mimicking the complete spermatogenic cycle in vitro remains to be done. it ' s a little bit more complicated with oocytes. they start meiosis during prenatal development, are arrested in diplotene stage of the first meiotic division, and then a


spermatogenic cycle in vitro remains to be done. it ' s a little bit more complicated with oocytes. they start meiosis during prenatal development, are arrested in diplotene stage of the first meiotic division, and then a surge of luteinizing hormone ( lh ), just before ovulation, makes them resume. but they are arrested again in the last phase, and only after conception do they finish meiosis. the pause occuring in prenatal development is thought to be induced by some kind of an " arrester " secreted by cells in the oocyte environment ( specifically, mural granulosa cells ) and sustained by high camp levels, that are produced in response to both intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. another matter, and quite interesting, is the issue of timing : meiosis starts in a distinct moment of a male mammal develompent, and then goes on continuously, but mammal oogenesis is a series of starts and stops. more on this can be found in and. tesarik, j., guido, m., mendoza, c. & greco, e. human spermatogenesis in vitro : respective effects of follicle - stimulating hormone and testosterone on meiosis, spermiogenesis, and sertoli cell apoptosis. j. clin. endocrinol. metab. 83, 4467 – 4473 ( 1998 ). pmid : 9851795. free access. sousa, m., cremades, n., alves, c., silva, j. & barros, a. developmental potential of human spermatogenic cells co - cultured with sertoli cells. hum. reprod. 17, 161 – 172 ( 2002 ). pmid : 11756382. free access. zhang, m. & xia, g. hormonal control of mammalian oocyte meiosis at diplotene stage. cell. mol. life sci. epub ahead of print. ( 2011 ). pmid : 22045555. albertini, d. f. & carabatsos, m. j. comparative aspects of meiotic cell cycle control in mammals. j. mol. med. 76, 795 – 799 ( 1998 ). pmid : 9846949. let ' s start by answering the second part of your question first. i can ask you a similar question like " why do parietal cells secrete hcl


“ i have a rash all over my back. ” “ physical examination revealed a diffuse rash covering most of the patient ’ s back. ” one sentence overheard in conversation, the other appearing in a medical report ; the former more colloquial, the latter more technical — but both correct, right? well, not quite. while rash has been used in medical writings since at least the second half of the 19th century, current thought is that rash is a lay term lacking precision and specificity. thus, while it is perfectly acceptable ( and understandable ) for a patient to use the term when describing symptoms to a clinician, once the clinician turns to describing an inflammatory ( as opposed to a cystic or neoplastic ) skin condition for the patient ’ s record or in a case report or other formal medical literature, rash should be replaced with a more descriptive and specific term. however, this does not mean that rash has no place in medical literature. because patients typically use rash when describing their symptoms, the term might legitimately appear, for example, in a report of a patient presenting with specific symptoms and signs or a list of adverse reactions self - reported by participants in a randomized trial ; similarly, report forms provided to trial participants might also include rash in a list of potential adverse reactions. editors of medical literature, then, need to take into account the context in which rash was originally used as well as the intended audience. the term is appropriate when it appears in passages quoted from patients or when used in materials intended for lay use, eg, instruction sheets, patient care brochures, and medication inserts ( however, use of the term skin rash in such materials is redundant and should be avoided [ see 11. 2. 1, redundant words, in the ama manual of style, pp 405 - 406 in print ] ). in many cases, as noted above, the term is also appropriate in more formal medical literature reporting nondermatological studies in which rash is one of several adverse events listed and any type of rash would be lumped together in one category. in literature describing physical examinations, specific skin - related adverse events, or dermatological studies, rash should be replaced with a more precise term. while skin eruption or dermatitis are often acceptable replacements, ideally the replacement term should be precise enough to describe the appearance of the lesion ( eg, macule or patch vs papule, bulla, vesicle, nodule, or pustule ) and the suspected specific cause (


jurispedia, the shared law, is an academic project accessible on the web and devoted to systems of law as well as legal and political sciences throughout the world. the project aims to offer information about all of the laws of every country in the world. based on a wiki, jurispedia combines the facility of contributions on that platform with an academic control of those insertions a posteriori. this international project is the result of a free collaboration of different research teams and law schools. the different websites are accessible in eight languages ( arabic, chinese, dutch, english, french, german, spanish and portuguese ). in its seven years of existence, the project has grown to more than 15000 entries and outlines of articles dealing with legal systems of thirty countries. in 2007, hughes - jehan approached my colleagues and i, then running the southern african legal information institute, to host the english language version of jurispedia. we were excited at the opportunity to work with jurispedia to introduce the concept of crowdsourcing legal knowledge to anglophone universities, where we hoped the concept would fall on fertile ground amongst students and academics. any follower of the wikipedia story will know that the reality is not as simple. wikipedia operates on 5 pillars : - wikipedia is an online encyclopedia ; - wikipedia is written from a neutral point of view ; - wikipedia is free content that anyone can edit, use, modify, and distribute ; - editors should interact with each other in a respectful and civil manner ; - wikipedia does not have firm rules. in adopting the wikimedia software, jurispedia would appear to follow the same principles. there is a significant difference : jurispedia is not written from a neutral point of view but from a located point of view. each jurisdiction has a local perspective on their legal concepts. jurispedia aims to represent the truth in several languages : the law is as it is in a country, not as it could or should be. as a result, we have the bases of a legal encyclopedia representing over 200 legal systems where each concept is clearly identifiable as a part of a national law. southern african perspectives as for wikipedia, it is the third pillar which seems to strike terror into the hearts of the legal professionals and academics with whom i have spoken. when describing the idea to one of the trustees of saflii, an acting judge on the bench of the constitutional court of south africa, i was alerted to some difficulties that may lie ahead. she is an exceptional, open - minded and forward - thinking legal mind, but


one of the trustees of saflii, an acting judge on the bench of the constitutional court of south africa, i was alerted to some difficulties that may lie ahead. she is an exceptional, open - minded and forward - thinking legal mind, but she was cautiously horrified at the prospect of crowdsourced legal knowledge. her concerns, listed below, were to be echoed by the deans of law schools in south africa who we approached : - because there is no formal control over submissions – and therefore their accuracy – jurispedia cannot be used by students as an official reference tool. citations linking to jurispedia will not be accepted in student papers. - crowdsourced legal information, particularly in common law jurisdictions, runs a high risk of providing an incorrect interpretation of the law. the overarching concern appears to be that if legal content is made freely available for editing, use, modification and distribution, that the resulting content will be unreliable at best and just plain wrong at worst. after 7 years online though, there is a substantial amount of feedback about contributors to the project. the open nature of this law - wiki, to which every internet user can contribute, did not lead to a massive surge of uncontrolled and uncontrollable content. on the contrary, although the number of articles continues to grow, it remains reasonable. the subject of the project ( only the law ), and its academic character has certainly led to a auto - selection of contributors of a higher caliber in legal studies. many of the contributors are students doing a master or a ph. d. degree, but they also include doctors, professors and professionals in law, such as lawyers, notaries and judges from more than thirty jurisdictions ( and one member of parliament from the kingdom of morocco ). all these specialists give the project a solid foundation and make it a reality by contributing from time to time as they can. more than 19000 users have subscribed to jurispedia, and in the past year, more than 1000 people, from arabic language countries for most part, joined its facebook group. the jurispedia content is licensed under a creative commons licence that is quite customisable so that the content can be reused for purposes other than commercial purposes. this last point is linked to the authorization of the particular contributor. this is a fair choice in the information society where the digital divide is an important element concerning every international project on the internet : for now, only the most developed jurisdictions have the possibility of using such collective creations in a commercial way


of the particular contributor. this is a fair choice in the information society where the digital divide is an important element concerning every international project on the internet : for now, only the most developed jurisdictions have the possibility of using such collective creations in a commercial way. and we take pride in counting contributors from haiti or sudan ( if you want to use commercially the informations they provide, please, contact them … ) in this context concerns regarding the integrity of the content of jurispedia become less alarming. however, i believe that these concerns also represent a misconception of what jurispedia is and what it can be in the anglophone, common law, legal context. occasionally, it is easier to understand what something is by describing what it is not. jurispedia is not : - a law report - a law journal - a prescribed legal text book - a law professor - a judge - a lawyer let us imagine for a moment that jurispedia is also not an online portal but a student tutorial group, led by a masters student, an associate or full professor. in the course of the tutorial, a few ideas are put forward, discussed, dissected and amended. each student ( in an ideal world! ) leaves the group with a better understanding of a particular point of law which has been discussed. perhaps the person leading the group has also had occasion to review his or her own position. the group dispurses to research the work further for a more formal submission or interaction. now let us imagine that a lay person struggling with a specific legal problem related to what the group has been discussing, is allowed a final, precised description of the law relating to this legal problem prepared by this tutorial group. he or she cannot head into a courtroom armed only with this information, but it may allow them to engage with a legal clinic or lawyer feeling a little less lost. the thought experiment i describe above describes the read - write meme applied to the legal context. in this meme we encourage an involvement in sharing knowledge amongst legal professionals, academics and students in order to create a body of knowledge about the law accessible by the same as well as by the general public. the risk of inaccuracies is present in all contexts, printed and online, crowdsourced or expert. a topic for a further blog may be the review of perceived versus actual risk but i would like to use this blog post to propose that the actual risk of inaccuracies can be mitigated by one of two approaches i


born in brazil and experimented with by actors in france and several other countries. jurispedia is an international project that should follow some simple and unifying guidelines. this is why we tried from the beginning to eliminate any geographical centralization ( in order to inform about law as it is and not as it should be in a certain state ). the observation of law in the world is not necessarily connected to the idea of a universal legal system, and – since we like to highlight evidence - law is linked to its culture and can be either more or less similar to our own legal system. this is why shared law becomes not only a program preventing anybody from ignoring a legal system. on the contrary, jurispedia will gradually make it possible to appreciate or react to what is done elsewhere, not only in the west but also in the north, east and south. actually : the institut de recherche et d ’ etudes en droit de l ’ information et de la communication ( paul cezanne university, france ) ; the faculty of law of can tho ( vietnam ) ; the faculty of law at the university of groningen ( netherlands ) ; the institute for the law and informatics at the saarland university ( germany ) ; juris at the faculty for political and legal sciences at the university of quebec in montreal. this list is not definite, the project being absolutely open, especially to research teams and faculties of law of southern states. this arabic version of jurispedia ( جوريسبيديا ) is most of the time managed by me mostafa attiya, member of the egyptian bar association. he made an amazing job and actively participated to build a large arabian legal community on the project. an animal is often considered to be a movable property. this can be absurd in some societies where the alliance between human and nature is different. history and literature told us often about this kind of astonishment when cultures observe each other ( see, concerning criminal law and 900 years ago, maalouf, amin. the crusades through arab eyes, new york : schocken books, 1984. ( concerning the trials by ordeal during the frankish period. ) hughes - jehan vibert is a doctor of law from the former iretij ( institute of research for the treatment of the legal information, montpellier university, france ) and a research fellow in the institute of law and informatics ( ifri, http : / / www. rechtsinformatik. de, germany ). he ’ s ict project


treatment of the legal information, montpellier university, france ) and a research fellow in the institute of law and informatics ( ifri, http : / / www. rechtsinformatik. de, germany ). he ’ s ict project manager for the network for legislative cooperation between the ministries of justice of the european union and also working on a report about the diffusion and access to the law for the international organization of the francophonie. kerry anderson is a co - founder of and coordinator for the african legal information institute, a project of the southern africa litigation center. she has worked variously in web development, research and strategy for an advertising agency, it startups and financial services corporates. she has a bsc in computer science from uct and an mba from gibs. her mba dissertation was on the impact of open innovation on software research development clusters in south africa. [ editor ’ s note : for topic - related voxpopulii posts please see : meritxell fernandez - barrera, legal prosumers : how can government leverage user - generated content ; isabelle moncion and mariya badeva - bright, reaching sustainability of free access to law initiatives ; and isabelle moncion, building sustainable liis : or free access to law as seen through the eyes of a newbie. voxpopulii is edited by judith pratt. editors - in - chief are stephanie davidson and christine kirchberger, to whom queries should be directed. the information above should not be considered legal advice. if you require legal representation, please consult a lawyer.


myheritage welcomes you to a new weekly blog post, " surname of the week. " we ' ll discuss the origin, history and other information of one surname in each post. surnames first appeared in the middle ages as a way to record and document people and for tax purposes. details included given names, nicknames, parents ’ names, occupation and residence. this personal information later became an important part of the history of surnames. english surnames, as we know them today, began in england as early as the 11th century. however, it was not until the late - 17th - century that many families adopted permanent surnames. generally speaking, family names fall into the following categories with some examples given : - occupation : smith, taylor or miller - personal characteristics : young, black or white - geographic or locations : hamilton, bush, hill, windsor or murray - patronymics, matronymics or ancestral : stephenson, richardson or harris in honor of american - british actress elizabeth taylor ' s birthday, we look at taylor this week : myheritage heads to london this week for the leading family history show, who do you think you are? live, from february 22 - 24. the event, at the olympia exhibition halls, features genealogy workshops, expert speakers, vendors and more to help with your family history research. we ' ve recently added millions of new records to myheritage ' s data collections. the international collections include headstones, military records, yearbooks and even wanted posters and mugshots! the records are searchable on myheritage ' s supersearch engine and are integrated with myheritage ' s record matching technology. this means that myheritage users will automatically receive notifications about records from these collections that match individuals in their family trees. here ' s some more information and links to the main collections we ' ve added : boxing day is a holiday traditionally observed in the uk and commonwealth on december 26, but has nothing to do with the sport of the same name! where did it originate? there are various opinions about its origins. one view is that it comes from a very early christian custom where boxes were left outside of churches for people to donate offerings for the feast of saint stephen. the european belief is that it stems from a tradition dating back to the middle ages where people would give money and gifts to needy tradesmen. in britain, it was customary for tradesmen to collect boxes of money or presents, as thanks for their services, much like the


that it stems from a tradition dating back to the middle ages where people would give money and gifts to needy tradesmen. in britain, it was customary for tradesmen to collect boxes of money or presents, as thanks for their services, much like the concept of the christmas bonus that many companies in western countries have adopted. in the days when wealthy aristocrats employed servants to manage their homes, servants would have to work on christmas day, but would be given the next day as a holiday. the masters would give the servants a box of presents and leftovers to take home to their families. today, boxing day in the uk is mainly about shopping. most people who celebrate christmas will have spent a large amount of time and money shopping before the holiday, buying food for their festive dinner and presents for their family. to entice people back to the stores, boxing day is the day retailers traditionally hold sales. in this regard, it ' s very similar to black friday in the us. as many families come together for the holidays, boxing day is also a ' ' bonus ' ' family day. are you celebrating boxing day? if so, how? let us know in the comments below. we love bringing member success stories to our readers. they provide encouragement, offer tips, and show what can be accomplished. we especially like the stories of our younger members, which often spotlight social media. joe tarsh of manchester ( uk ) is only 21 and became interested in his family when he was 13. i came to the realization that i wanted to know where i came from and a little voice at the back of my head told me that if i don ’ t ask now, then all the people who can answer may not be around to answer those questions much longer. born in london in 1991, his family moved to hertfordshire, where he lived until 18. he then took a gap year, returned to the uk in 2010 and is now in his third year at university, studying for a degree in youth and community work. he joined myheritage in march 2010 because he liked the site ’ s easy accessibility, found it simple to use and it had an incredible amount of data. this post appeared last week in our german blog. we ' ve translated it to help gudrun giesemann find her father. we ' re now hoping to help gudrun, who ' s been searching for her biological father for over 30 years. she ' s tried everything, without success. now we ' re asking our readers for help. each


a member of the brassicaceae family, kale is related to broccoli, cabbage and cauliflower. it is a cool season biennial that is grown as an annual and is harvested for its tender foliage. reliable and quick to harvest, growing kale is relatively easy because cold weather doesn ’ t bother it. in fact, cold weather makes it taste … well, a whole lot better! kale grows best in full sun and cool moist soil that is enriched with compost. incorporate a legume cover crop, or work in 30 pounds of compost per 100 square feet before planting. kale requires moderate amounts of fertilizer rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. tip : before you grow your organic garden, grow your soil. consider adding soil amendments, like alfalfa meal ( 5 - 1 - 2 ), rock phosphate ( 0 - 3 - 0 ), greensand ( 0 - 0 - 3 ) and kelp meal, to your garden to improve the structure of the soil and provide a slow - release mix of nutrients to plant roots. how to plant : sow kale from seed or nursery stock in late summer for a fall harvest or early spring for summer harvest. sow seeds 1 / 2 inch deep, allowing 1 foot between plants and 2 feet between rows. fertilize with fish emulsion and kelp extract to encourage more growth. mulch around kale plants with a heavy layer of organic compost. this keeps the soil cool, prevents moisture loss, and provides readily available nutrients to the shallow feeder roots. like most winter vegetables, the taste improves after the first frost. in fact, we recommend that you do not harvest kale until after at least one or two hard frosts. pick outer leaves as they develop or, harvest the entire plant. kale matures 50 - 65 days after direct sowing or 30 - 40 days after transplanting. note : an extremely hardy plant, kale can be harvested as late as december in many areas and will over winter in warmer locations. insects and diseases : relatively hardy, kale does not have many diseases or pest problems associated with it. rotating crops helps to discourage many plant diseases, such as downy mildew and black rot. watch for flea beetles and aphids and protect young plants from cutworms with a collar made from paper cups with the bottoms removed. seed saving instructions : biennial. kale will cross - pollinate with all other brassica oleracea, isolate by one mile the second year when


an interesting fact seemed to go unnoticed in all the press around the electric reliability council of texas ’ s ( ercot ) long term system assessment, a biennial report submitted to the texas legislature on " the need for increased transmission and generation capacity throughout the state of texas. " ercot found that if you use updated wind and solar power characteristics like cost and actual output to reflect real world conditions, rather than the previously used 2006 assumed characteristics, wind and solar are more competitive than natural gas over the next 20 years. this might seem a bit strange since we ' ve been told for years by renewable energy skeptics that wind and solar power can ' t compete with low natural gas prices. let me back up a second and explain what ' s going on here, and what it means for both the energy crunch and texas ' ongoing drought. every two years since 2005, ercot has used a series of complex energy system models to model and estimate future conditions on the texas electric grid. this serves a critical function for legislators, utilities and regulators and others who need to prepare for changes as our electric use continues to expand and evolve. as with any model of this kind, the assumptions are critical : everything from the price of natural gas, to the cost to build power plants and transmission lines. facing an acute energy crunch and given that solar and wind costs have come down a great deal since the first study in 2006, ercot dug a little deeper into their historical assumptions and developed a version of the model that used current, real - world cost and performance data for wind and solar power. what they found was astounding : without these real - world data points, ercot found that 20, 000 mw of natural gas will be built over the next 20 years, along with a little bit of demand response and nothing else. once they updated their assumptions to reflect a real - world scenario ( which they call “ bau with updated wind shapes ” ) ercot found that about 17, 000 mws of wind units, along with 10, 000 mw of solar power, will be built in future years. in addition to demonstrating the economic viability of renewable energy, these results show two drastically different futures : one in which we rely overwhelmingly on natural gas for our electricity, and one in which we have a diverse portfolio of comparable amounts of renewable energy ( which does not use water ) and natural gas. all of this is crucial to keep in mind as the legislature, the public utility commission and ercot evaluate proposals to address resource adequacy concerns and the impacts


the latest science, described in the world bank report “ turn down the heat, ” indicates that we are heading toward a 4° c warmer world, with catastrophic consequences in this century. while carbon dioxide ( co2 ) is still the no. 1 threat, there is another category of warming agent called short - lived climate pollutants ( slcps ). mitigating these pollutants is a must if we want to avoid the 4° c warmer future. the main slcps are black carbon, methane, tropospheric ozone, and hydrofluorocarbons. they are potentially responsible for more than one - third of the current warming. because slcps have a much shorter lifetime in the air than co2 ; reducing their emissions can create almost immediate reduction of global / regional warming, which is not possible by reducing co2 emissions alone. according to one u. n. report, full implementation of 16 identified measures to mitigate slcps would reduce future global warming by about 0.. in this blog, we will focus on one slcp – black carbon. black carbon is a primary component of particulate matter ( pm ), the major environmental cause of premature deaths globally. as a climate pollutant, black carbon ’ s global warming effects are multi - faceted. it can warm the atmosphere directly by absorbing radiation. when deposited on ice and snow, black carbon reduces their reflecting power and increases their melting rate. at the regional level, it also influences cloud formation and impacts regional circulation and rainfall patterns such as the monsoon in south asia.


fish as food more than a billion people – largely in developing countries – rely on fish as their primary source for animal protein. that ’ s a lot of fish tied to human health and well being. in this fish as food issue, we describe topics as they relate to fish as a vital nutrient or as a healthy dish to occasionally savor. sustainable seafood choices provides practical, hands - on guidelines to eating wild - caught fish. this information will help you become a more conscientious consumer who keeps healthy oceans in mind. is there enough fish for everyone? we talk about that in overfishing — one of the global challenges to finding a balance between ocean and human health. another issue related to commercial fishing is bycatch, the unintentional catch of other species. aquaculture is a viable, growing industry that provides additional fish for our growing demand. but there are real concerns about many of these farm - raised fish. in our advice for medical professionals you ’ ll find easy to understand information about the risks and benefits of eating seafood. and there are simple guidelines and tutorials to understand mercury in seafood, too. check out seafood fraud to learn about seafood being sold under false names. aquaculture — farmed seafood aquaculture — fish farming — produces an estimated 55 million metric tons of fish annually, worth $ 106 billion. for comparison, commercial fishing hauls in 90 million metric tons of wild - caught fish annually. aquaculture is a large and growing industry, and has the potential to take pressure off depleted wild fish populations, while providing food and nutrients to millions of bycatch refers to the unwanted sea life people catch when they ’ re fishing for something else. bycatch wastes 7 million metric tonnes of sea life every year. the vast majority of bycatch — already dead when it hits the deck — is just discarded. killing hundreds of thousands of juvenile fish not big enough for legal take can undermine fish sold as red snapper, wild salmon, and atlantic cod are commonly mislabeled. a boston globe study of over a hundred boston - area seafood restaurants found that 48 percent of the fish was mislabeled. when asked about the discrepancies, some restaurant owners shrugged saying that everyone does it. the most common kinds of fraud are mislabeling mercury in seafood and we care about mercury because …? because if you ’ re eating seafood, it ’ s got mercury. and because mercury poisoning is rare, but the risks are real. and mainly because if you understand the risks —


abcs of raising boys i am excited to be joining almost 75 other kid bloggers from around the world in the kid blogger network ’ s abc series. each participating blogger created their own abcs of a topic of their choice. i chose, no surprise, to write the abcs of raising boys. ( note : before we begin, bmtm recognizes that each boy is an individual and not all boys like the same things nor do they behave the same way. ) that said, here is … boy mama teacher mama ’ s abcs of raising boys a is for aim potty training is almost not always an easy task and when you have boys there is an added challenge and that is aim or teaching your son how to aim so the pee goes in the toilet instead of, well, everywhere else. b is for behavior boys brains and girl brains develop differently and at different rates. as a parent of boys, it is important to understand this so you can help them, advocate for them and support their learning both in school and out. - boy ’ s behavior - why boys behave the way they do? from brainy child - are boys and girls really so different? from childhood 101 c is for comic books ( and graphic novels ) yes! comic books and graphic novels count! they are a valid reading choices for boys! many books now - a - days incorporate comic book / graphic novel elements to appeal to boy readers. want to know more? read this article from the telegraph : comic books ‘ help boys read. ’ i do not claim to know anything about comic books beyond the richie rich and archie comic books i read as a young child. but, as a mom of boys i am learning daily and the following books are popular with boys for this very reason. - magic school bus series - 13 story treehouse by andy griffiths - diary of a wimpy kid series by jeff kinney - comics for kids from read that again - try creating your own comics with help from the nurture store : using comics to promote literacy d is for dinosaurs - 8 books about dinosaurs from delightful children ’ s books - best dinosaur books from children ’ s book guide - ten best dinosaur sites from top sites - top 10 dinosaur activities for kids from wildlife fun 4 kids - imaginative play : dinosaur small world from one perfect day - make a dinosaur helmet from learn with play at home - dino rice krispies treats from mama miss e is for e - readers recent studies show that for middle school males, using e - readers improved confidence, skill and interest in reading


one perfect day - make a dinosaur helmet from learn with play at home - dino rice krispies treats from mama miss e is for e - readers recent studies show that for middle school males, using e - readers improved confidence, skill and interest in reading. for the girls? just the opposite …. want to know more? read this from upi. com : e - readers improve boys ’ reading - but not for young children …. e - readers or real books for preschoolers from kindergarten and preschool for parents and teachers. f is for firefighters i could not possibly create an abcs for boys and leave out firefighters! there are so many wonderful firefighter books, activities, movies and more available now. here are a few favorites and a few resources. - books about firefighters from no time for flashcards - books about fire fighters and fire engines from read that again - boy mama : cardboard box use # 2, 489 - building a burning building from boy mama teacher mama - homemade fire hose from busy bee kid crafts - ten for tuesday : fire prevention week from the good long road g is for gurian if you are a parent of a boy ( or boys ), this is one man you need to know. michael gurian, co - founder of the gurian institute, has written several important books on understanding and raising boys based on years of research and practical experience. his books include ( but are not limited to ) the wonder of boys, boys and girls learn differently, the minds of boys, what could he be thinking and the good son. h is for hands - on research tells and experience shows that boys learn better when they can manipulate their world. here are some of my favorite ideas from around the web for teaching boys. - monster truck sight word mash from train up a child - sight word drag racing from playdough to plato - science for kids : water bottle fountain from learn with play at home - baseball math from boy mama teacher mama i is for i love watching you …. if you haven ’ t read the post, six words you should say today, from hands free mama you must. if you have read it in the past, it is well worth reading again. j and k are for just kidding around boys love to joke around. they love silly jokes and bodily functions. words like “ poop ” and “ pee ” are staples in a boy ’ s vocabulary. knock - knock joke books and books about all things gross are a staple in many young boys ’ libraries. - how about adding some jokes to


bodily functions. words like “ poop ” and “ pee ” are staples in a boy ’ s vocabulary. knock - knock joke books and books about all things gross are a staple in many young boys ’ libraries. - how about adding some jokes to your child ’ s lunch? see kindergarten lunchbox jokes from preschool and kindergarten for parents and teachers. l is for legos there really isn ’ t much need to say more. boys like legos. my boys love legos. i really like them too. here are a few things boy mama teacher mama had to share about legos in our home. - boy mama : love affair with legos - boy mama : lego structure math - activities for kids : 30 minute challenge from picklebums - lego math activities from kids activities blog - roll a lego … dice game from boy mama teacher mama - 25 rules for mothers of sons from team studer - dear g, here is the thing about raising boys from carrots are orange n is for ( things ) no one ever told us about raising boys … - things no one ever told us about raising a boy from raisingboys. com. au o is for organization wondering how to organize all those tiny pieces your son ( s ) has collected? legos everywhere? you are not alone. here are some toy organization ideas : - boy mama : legos organized - check! from boy mama teacher mama - boy mama : legos organized - follow up from boy mama teacher mama - a cleaner playroom and a reading lesson from playdough to plato - playful parenting tip # 4 : toy storage from the golden gleam p is for play i am cheating a bit on this one, or maybe just stretching it. here are a few of my very favorite play activities from around the web. - how to make a spider web obstacle course from wildlife fun 4 kids - blocks of fun! 40 block activities for kids from hands on as we grow - kid friendly ways to spark creativity from playdough to plato - printable paper rockets from picklebums - chalkboard blocks from picklebums - making a crane from at home with ali need i really say more? okay, here is a link about the importance of quiet time from the pepperrific life r is for respecting women teaching boys to respect girls / women is a challenge for all those raising boys. here are some thoughts on just how to do this from thoughts from a mama of boys from the good long road s is for shoulder to shoulder talking to / with boys can be very


to respect girls / women is a challenge for all those raising boys. here are some thoughts on just how to do this from thoughts from a mama of boys from the good long road s is for shoulder to shoulder talking to / with boys can be very different than talking to girls. boys do not want the same intense eye contact that girls want and need. so, how do you talk to boys in a way that is respectful of their unique needs? read shoulder to shoulder or face to face from raise a boy. t is for treasures most children love hunting for treasures. my boys love it. the “ treasures ” they bring to me vary from dead dandelions to “ gold ” they have uncovered in our backyard. looking for treasures comes in all varieties. here are some of the best : - garden treasure hunt for painted rocks from one perfect day - photo treasure hunt from paint on the ceiling - treasure rocks from learn with play at home - digging for dinosaur eggs from one perfect day on be a fun mom - preschool treasure maps from reading confetti - literacy spot # 34 library treasure hunt from childhood 101 - x marks the spot from adventures at home with mum u is for understanding boys pbs parents : raising boys is one of the best websites i have come across about understanding and raising boys. read it. book mark it. revisit it often. it is worth it. boys love vehicles - of all kinds! here at boy mama teacher mama we have shared several of our favorite vehicle books. what are you favorites? - book mama : book series : vehicles for all ages - book mama : boat books - book mama : chugga chugga read! books about trains - 25 picture books about cars and trucks from no time for flashcards w is for websites here are some boy centered blogs to check out : x is for exit sign ( and other signs ) my boys love signs. they love creating them, using them and simply having them in their possession. we have created several different signs in our home that the boys have loved so dearly that they have fallen apart. - boy mama : signs, signs and more signs! from boy mama teacher mama - boy mama : caution wet floor from boy mama teacher mama - boy mama : stop and go! from boy mama teacher mama y is for why, how, who and what okay, so i cheated a bit on this one too, but you get the idea - right? boys love information! they love reading non - fiction books, magazines and instruction manuals. these should all be considered legitimate


, how, who and what okay, so i cheated a bit on this one too, but you get the idea - right? boys love information! they love reading non - fiction books, magazines and instruction manuals. these should all be considered legitimate reading choices for boys. so, what are some good suggestions? - national geographic kids ( and national geographic little kids ) r - ranger rick and ranger rick jr from the national wildlife federation - sports illustrated kids - kids discover ( science ) - boys ’ life magazine z is for zzzzzzzzzzz monsters and other creepy things are keeping my boys from being able to sleep. books and other monster activities are a great way to help them understand and demystify monsters. - monsters under the bed? 6 books to overcome fears of monsters from boy mama teacher mama - loo roll monsters from red ted art ’ s blog - monster activities from the educators ’ spin on it mom tips & tricks : - being a hands on mom from hands on : as we grow - connecting with your kids from one perfect day - family field trips with kids from edventures with kids - fun healthy snacks for kids from juggling with kids - kids party ideas from mama pea pod - mama survival from the dizzy mom - organized home from mamas like me - printables from mama miss - raising boys from boy mama teacher mama - raising eco - friendly kids from kitchen counter chronicles - raising girls from mess for less - raising a healthy kid from living life intentionally - raising a thinking child from the outlaw mom - raising toddlers from home learning journey - raising a world citizen from all done monkey - simply celebrating holidays as a family from inspired by family magazine - teaching kids about money from carrots are orange - the family dinner table from connecting family & seoul - trying a new experience with your children from 52 brand new - values for children from true aim education © boy mama teacher mama 2013 all rights reserved