open door. “ i did not consider myself qualified for the united states senate, and it took me a long time to persuade myself that i was.... mary insists, however, that i am going to be senator and president of the united states, too. ” he clasped his long arms around his knees and laughed. “ just think of such a sucker as me as president! ” lincoln ’ s legendary humility was the public product of private self - assurance ; we can be certain that he had himself often thought about the presidency. mary shared her husband ’ s aspirations and helped focus his energies upon realizing them, but she did not create them. lincoln ’ s subsequent loss to douglas was disappointing but not devastating. “ i believe... you are ‘ feeling like h - 11 yet, ’ ” lincoln told one supporter a few days after the votes were counted. “ quit that ; you will soon feel better. another ‘ blow - up ’ is coming ; and we shall have fun again. ” a national figure at last, he was flooded with invitations to speak, and in september he packed his bag, said good - bye to the boys, as he had so many times before, and set forth on a political swing through ohio. this time his wife went with him. in cincinnati, on september 17, a large crowd turned out at the fifth street market to hear him. mary sat proudly near the platform. “ there is no permanent class of hired laborers amongst us, ” she heard him tell his audience. “ twenty - five years ago, i was a hired laborer. the hired laborer of yesterday, labors on his own account today, and will hire others to labor for him tomorrow. advancement — improvement in condition — is the order of things in a society of equals. ” for lincoln, the comfortable house in which he and mary and their children lived provided vivid, reassuring proof of how far a man might rise in the society of equals that he would one day give his life to preserve.


jarquin family history jarquin surname history this page is dedicated to the complete history of the jarquin last name, jarquin etymology, and stories of jarquin family members. the jarquin family name is an old heredity that has migrated all across the world for many generations, and as the jarquin family has spread, it has evolved making its origin challenging to piece together. jarquin family history has rich origins whose details have been accumulated over the years by jarquin family researchers. no content has been submitted here about jarquin. the following is speculative information about jarquin. you can submit your information by clicking edit. the evolution of jarquin starts at it ' s earliest origins. even in the early generations of a name there are variations in that single name simply because last names were infrequently written down back when few people could write. it was common for a last name to change as it enters a new country or language. jarquin family members have travelled across various regions all throughout history. as these families emigrated between countries, the jarquin name may have changed with them. jarquin country of origin no content has been submitted about the jarquin country of origin. the following is speculative information about jarquin. you can submit your information by clicking edit. the nationality of jarquin is often complicated to determine in cases which regional boundaries change over time, leaving the original nationality indeterminate. the original ethnicity of jarquin may be difficult to determine depending on whether the surname came about organically and independently in various locales ; e. g. in the case of names that come from a profession, which can crop up in multiple regions independently ( such as the last name " archer " which was given to people who were bowmen ). meaning of the last name jarquin no content has been submitted about the meaning of jarquin. the following is speculative information about jarquin. you can submit your information by clicking edit. the meaning of jarquin come may come from a craft, such as the name " bishop " which may have been taken by church officials. a lot of these craft - based surnames might be a profession in some other language. this is why it is useful to research the ethnicity of a name, and the languages spoken by its ancestors. many western names like jarquin originate from religious texts like the bhagavadgita, the bible, the quran, and so forth. often these family names are shortened versions of a religious phrase such as " grace of god ". - l m jarquin


jarquin originate from religious texts like the bhagavadgita, the bible, the quran, and so forth. often these family names are shortened versions of a religious phrase such as " grace of god ". - l m jarquin 1942 - 1996 - fernando jarquin 1940 - 2003 - maria j jarquin vazq 1964 - 2011 - marcos a jarquin 1954 - 2006 - gloria jarquin 1917 - 1990 - jean b jarquin 1944 - 2004 - angela jarquin 1922 - 1995 - edith socorro jarquin 1951 - 2009 - teodoro jarquin 1902 - 1993 - r jarquin? - 1968 - maria jarquin 1907 - 1986 - david h jarquin 1951 - 2011 - gloria anne jarquin 1949 - 2010 - ileana del carmen jarquin 1956 - 2010 - consuelo jarquin 1918 - 2009 - pedro jarquin 1918 - 1980 - miguel h jarquin 1929 - 2001 - elba jarquin 1932 - 2009 - jeannette jarquin 1960 - 2005 - ofelia jarquin 1900 - 1968 jarquin family tree famous people named jarquin no famous people named jarquin have been submitted. you can submit your information by clicking edit. nationality and ethnicity of jarquin no content has been submitted about the ethnicity of jarquin. the following is speculative information about jarquin. you can submit your information by clicking edit. we do not have a record of the primary ethnicity of the name jarquin. many surnames travel around the world throughout the ages, making their original nationality and ethnicity difficult to trace. more about the name jarquin fun facts about the jarquin family we have no fun facts about jarquin. you can submit your information by clicking edit. jarquin spelling variations no content has been submitted about alternate spellings of jarquin. the following is speculative information about jarquin. you can submit your information by clicking edit. in the past, when few people knew how to write, names such as jarquin were transcribed based on their pronunciation when people ' s names were recorded in official records. this could have resulted in misspellings of jarquin. family names like jarquin change in their spelling as they travel across tribes, family unions, and languages across time. researching misspellings and alternate spellings of the jarquin family name are important to understanding the history of the name.


asked questions about the - what is the amo? - how much of the atlantic are we talking about? - what phase are we in right now? - what are the impacts of the amo? - how does the amo affect rainfall and - how does the amo affect florida? - how important is the amo when it comes to hurricanes - in other words - is it one of the biggest drivers? or just a minor player? - does the amo influence the intensity or the frequency of hurricanes ( which )? - if the amo affects hurricanes - what drives the - can we predict the amo? - is the amo a natural phenomenon, or is it related to global warming? the amo is an ongoing series of long - duration changes in the sea surface temperature of the north atlantic ocean, with cool and warm phases that may last for 20 - 40 years at a time and a difference of about 1°f between extremes. these changes are natural and have been occurring for at least the last 1, 000 years. most of the atlantic between the equator and greenland changes in unison. some area of the north pacific also seem to be affected. since the mid - 1990s we have been in a warm phase. the amo has affected air temperatures and rainfall over much of the northern hemisphere, in particular, north america and europe. it is associated with changes in the frequency of north american droughts and is reflected in the frequency of severe atlantic hurricanes. it alternately obscures and exaggerates the global increase in temperatures due to human - induced global warming. recent research suggests that the amo is related to the past occurrence of major droughts in the midwest and the southwest. when the amo is in its warm phase, these droughts tend to be more frequent and / or severe ( prolonged? ). vice - versa for negative amo. two of the most severe droughts of the 20th century occurred during the positive amo between 1925 and 1965 : the dustbowl of the 1930s and the 1950s drought. florida and the pacific northwest tend to be the opposite - warm amo, more rainfall. the amo has a strong effect on florida rainfall. rainfall in central and south florida becomes more plentiful when the atlantic is in its warm phase and droughts and wildfires are more frequent in the cool phase. as a result of these variations, the inflow to lake okeechobee - which regulates south florida ’ s water pply - changes by 40 % between amo extremes. in northern florida


and wildfires are more frequent in the cool phase. as a result of these variations, the inflow to lake okeechobee - which regulates south florida ’ s water pply - changes by 40 % between amo extremes. in northern florida the relationship begins to reverse - less rainfall when the atlantic is warm. during warm phases of the amo, the numbers of tropical storms that mature into severe hurricanes is much greater than during cool phases, at least twice as many. since the amo switched to its warm phase around 1995, severe hurricanes have become much more frequent and this has led to a crisis in the insurance industry. the frequency of weak - category storms - tropical storms and weak hurricanes - is not much affected by the amo. however, the number of weak storms that mature into major hurricanes is noticeably increased. thus, the intensity is affected, but, clearly, the frequency of major hurricanes is also affected. in that sense, it is difficult to discriminate between frequency and intensity and the distinction becomes somewhat meaningless. models of the ocean and atmosphere that interact with each other indicate that the amo cycle involves changes in the south - to - north circulation and overturning of water and heat in the atlantic ocean. this is the same circulation that we think weakens during ice ages, but in the case of the amo the changes in circulation are much more subtle than those of the ice ages. the warm gulf stream current off the east coast of the united states is part of the atlantic overturning circulation. when the overturning circulation decreases, the north atlantic temperatures become cooler. we are not yet capable of predicting exactly when the amo will switch, in any deterministic sense. computer models, such as those that predict el nino, are far from being able to do this. what is possible to do at present is to calculate the probability that a change in the amo will occur within a given future time frame. probabilistic projections of this kind may prove to be very useful for long - term planning in climate sensitive applications, such as water management. instruments have observed amo cycles only for the last 150 years, not long enough to conclusively answer this question. however, studies of paleoclimate proxies, such as tree rings and ice cores, have shown that oscillations similar to those observed instrumentally have been occurring for at least the last millennium. this is clearly longer than modern man has been affecting climate, so the amo is probably a natural climate osci


babylon : a test case in prophecy [ part ii ] [ editor ’ s note : part i of this two - part series appeared in the november issue. part ii follows below, and picks up where the first article ended. ] in the preceding article of this two - part study, i began an investigation of certain old testament prophecies that focused on the famous city of babylon. three major points were discussed : ( 1 ) the prophets emphatically declared that wicked and arrogant babylon would fall ; ( 2 ) the providential instrument of the lord, employed in the initial destruction of the city, would be the medo - persian regime ; and ( 3 ) the immediate fall, and ultimate deterioration, would come after the hebrews had languished seventy years in babylonian captivity. in this article, i would like to highlight a number of particulars that are reflected prophetically in the biblical record. the works of herodotus and xenophon are the two principal sources of historical confirmation. herodotus ( 484 - 425 b. c. ), known as the “ father of history, ” produced the first attempt at secular narrative history. his work, which dealt primarily with the persian wars, is an important source of information on the ancient world. he vividly describes the overthrow of babylon. xenophon ( c. 430 - 355 b. c. ), a student of socrates, was a greek historian born in athens. he served in the persian army and produced several valuable literary works. one of these, called cyropaedia, is a sort of romance founded on the history of cyrus the great ( 559 - 530 b. c. ). it provides considerable data on the fall of babylon. again, we emphasize that one of the traits of true prophecy is that it deals in specific details, not generalities. let us examine some of these particulars. babylon had been a brutal force. she was “ the glory of the kingdoms ” ( isaiah 13 : 19 ). she had been jehovah ’ s providential “ battle - axe ” that had broken in pieces the nations of the ancient world ( jeremiah 51 : 20 - 24 ). for example, nebuchadnezzar had defeated thoroughly the egyptians at the battle of carchemish ( 605 b. c. ), and had enjoyed great success in syria and palestine, even subjugating “ zion ” at the lord ’ s bidding. one might surmise that babylon would have feared no one. oddly, though, jeremiah said


605 b. c. ), and had enjoyed great success in syria and palestine, even subjugating “ zion ” at the lord ’ s bidding. one might surmise that babylon would have feared no one. oddly, though, jeremiah said : “ the mighty men of babylon have ceased fighting. they stay in the strongholds ; their strength is exhausted, they are becoming like women ” ( jeremiah 51 : 30 ). how remarkably this conforms to the actual history. xenophon said that when cyrus brought his army to babylon, he initially was perplexed as to how he would take the city, since the chaldean soldiers “ do not come out to fight ” ( vii. v. 7 ). the babylonians fearfully remained behind their massive walls refusing, for the most part, to encounter the enemy — exactly as the prophet had indicated. euphrates river to be diverted when cyrus surveyed babylon ’ s fortifications, he said : “ i am unable to see how any enemy can take walls of such strength and height by assault ” ( xenophon, viii. v. 7 ). accordingly, he devised a brilliant strategy for capturing the city. as i mentioned in the previous article, the euphrates river ran under the walls through the center of babylon. from the river, canals — quite broad and sometimes navigable — were cut in every direction. the jews in captivity could thus lament : “ by the rivers of babylon, there we sat down, yea, we wept, when we remembered zion ” ( psalm 137 : 1 ). just to the west of the city was a huge lake - basin, some thirty - five feet deep and covering forty miles square, but which, at the time of the invasion, was but a marsh. cyrus stationed soldiers at the point where the river entered the city, and also where it exited. at a given time, he diverted the euphrates from its bed into the marshy lake area. his forces then entered babylon under the city walls ( herodotus, i. 191 ). consider what the prophets declared regarding babylon ’ s fall. isaiah, writing more than a century and a half earlier, referred to jehovah ’ s decree. the lord “ saith to the deep : be dry, and i will dry up thy rivers, that saith of cyrus, he is my shepherd and shall perform my pleasure ” ( isaiah 47 : 27 ). some contend that the language of this passage is an allusion to the exodus, which occurred in israel


i will dry up thy rivers, that saith of cyrus, he is my shepherd and shall perform my pleasure ” ( isaiah 47 : 27 ). some contend that the language of this passage is an allusion to the exodus, which occurred in israel ’ s early history. that cannot be the case, however. the utterance is framed in the future tense, and the context specifically relates this matter to cyrus. the prophecy “ is usually taken as referring to the device cyrus used in order to capture babylon ” ( fitch, 1954, p. 593 ). later, in his famous oracle against babylon, jeremiah exclaimed : “ a drought is upon her waters, and they shall be dried up : for it is a land of graven images, and they are mad over idols ” ( 50 : 38 ). again, “ i will dry up her sea, and make her fountain dry ” ( 51 : 36 ). though these passages have been interpreted in various ways, the language is quite consistent with the diversion of the river, which allowed the persians to take the city virtually unopposed ( see wiseman, 1979, p. 849 ). surprise capture during drunken feast concerning babylon ’ s fall, jeremiah represented the lord as saying : “ i have laid a snare for you, and you are also taken, o babylon ” ( 50 : 24 ). the term “ snare ” suggests that the citizens of the city would be taken by surprise ; they “ were not aware ” of what was happening until it was too late ( 50 : 24b ). herodotus wrote : “ had the babylonians been apprised of what cyrus was about, or had they noticed their danger, they would never have allowed the persians to enter their city ” ( i. 191 ). one aspect in the rapid conquest of the city had to do with the fact that the babylonians, in their smug security, were engaged in drunken festivities ; thus, they were wholly unconcerned about the enemy beyond their massive walls. but the lord had declared : “ when they are heated, i will make their feast, and i will make them drunken, that they may rejoice, and sleep a perpetual sleep, and not wake, says jehovah ” ( jeremiah 51 : 39 ). again : “ and i will make drunk her princes and her wise men, her governors and her deputies, and her mighty men ; and they shall sleep a perpetual sleep, and not wake, says the king whose name is jehovah of hosts ” (


: “ and i will make drunk her princes and her wise men, her governors and her deputies, and her mighty men ; and they shall sleep a perpetual sleep, and not wake, says the king whose name is jehovah of hosts ” ( jeremiah 51 : 57 ). herodotus recorded that the citizens of the central section of the city did not know that babylon had fallen for a good while because “ they were engaged in a festival, continued dancing and revelling until they learnt the capture ” ( i. 191 ). similarly, xenophon said that “ there was a festival in babylon, in which all the babylonians drank and revelled the whole night ” ( vii. 5. 15 ). babylon to be sacked the prophets indicated that when great babylon was taken, her rich treasures would be looted. the lord, speaking prophetically to cyrus, had promised : “ [ a ] nd i will give you the treasures of darkness, and hidden riches of secret places ” ( isaiah 45 : 3 ). jeremiah announced : “ and they shall become as women : a sword is upon her treasures, and they shall be robbed ” ( 50 : 37 ). the treasures of babylon were splendid beyond description. herodotus, in describing just one of the temples in the city, declared that it contained more than twenty tons of gold ( i. 183 ). it is interesting to note that when cyrus issued his famous decree that allowed the jews to return to their land, he endowed them with silver and gold to help finance the project, as well as returning some 5, 400 vessels of gold and silver that originally had been taken from the hebrew temple ( ezra 1 : 4, 11 ). when jehovah beckoned the persians to come against evil babylon, he charged : “ [ o ] pen up her store - houses [ granaries, asv footnote ] ; cast her up as heaps, and destroy her utterly ; let nothing of her be left ” ( jeremiah 50 : 26 ). xenophon reports that babylon “ was furnished with provisions for more than twenty years ” ( viii. 5. 13 ). no wonder they felt secure ; the storehouses were bulging. but god emptied them — just as his prophet had announced! walls to be abolished i already have mentioned babylon ’ s famous walls. an ancient historian, diodorus, stated that it took 200, 000 men a full year to construct these fortifications ( fausset, 1990 p. 181 ). but jeremiah prophesied : “ the broad walls


babylon ’ s famous walls. an ancient historian, diodorus, stated that it took 200, 000 men a full year to construct these fortifications ( fausset, 1990 p. 181 ). but jeremiah prophesied : “ the broad walls of babylon shall be utterly overthrown, and her high gates shall be burned with fire ” ( 51 : 58 ). where are babylon ’ s walls, and her one hundred gates of brass ( herodotus, i. 179 ) today? under the “ summary ” below, i will detail more precisely the demolition of the city. babylon to fade into oblivion the prophets repeatedly proclaimed the eventual utter desolation of ancient babylon. isaiah gave the following particulars : and babylon, the glory of kingdoms, the beauty of the chaldeans ’ pride, shall be as when god overthrew sodom and gomorrah. it shall never be inhabited, neither shall it be dwelt in from generation to generation : neither shall the arabian pitch tent there ; neither shall shepherds make their flocks to lie down there. but wild beasts of the desert shall live there ; and their houses shall be full of doleful creatures ; and ostriches shall dwell there, and wild goats shall dance there. and wolves shall cry in their castles, and jackals in the pleasant palaces : and her time is near to come, and her days shall not be prolonged ( 13 : 19 - 22 ). jeremiah was equally graphic ; the reader may consult chapters 50 and 51 of his book for the numerous details given there. at this point, i would like to mention two points that i made in part i of this series. first, there was to be an initial defeat of babylon. second, afterwards there would be a gradual but progressive degeneration of the locale, which ultimately would become a site of absolute waste. in the following section, i will catalogue the destructions and degeneration of once - great babylon. a summary of events after a siege of two years, the city of babylon was captured by cyrus, commander of the medo - persian forces, in october of 539 b. c. this brought the neo - babylonian empire ( 614 - 539 b. c. ) to a close. significant damage to the city was not inflicted at this time, though some of the walls may have been broken down, at least partially. following a rebellion of the babylonian subjects, darius hystaspes took the city again in 520 b. c. he demolished the walls


city was not inflicted at this time, though some of the walls may have been broken down, at least partially. following a rebellion of the babylonian subjects, darius hystaspes took the city again in 520 b. c. he demolished the walls significantly and carried off the huge gates ( see jeremiah 51 : 58 ). elsewhere i have given a detailed account of how the city was taken — again by a “ snare ” ( jackson, 1996 ). herodotus wrote : “ thus was babylon taken for a second time. darius having become master of the place, destroyed the wall, and tore down all the gates ; for cyrus had done neither the one nor the other when he took babylon ” ( iii. 159 ). apparently, however, there was some subsequent repair of the walls ( see mcclintock and strong, 1969, 1 : 596 ). during the reign of xerxes ( 485 - 465 b. c. ), the temple of bel ( marduk ) was plundered and destroyed. much of the city was turned into ruins in 483 b. c., and the walls were dismantled further. babylon again fall to alexander the great in 331 b. c. as alexander neared the city, priests and nobles went out to meet him with lavish gifts, surrendering the city. alexander proposed that he would rebuild the temple of marduk. he employed 10, 000 men to clear the dirt and rubble. they labored in vain for two months. alexander died and the work was abandoned ( rollin, 1857, 1 : 575 ). a clay tablet has been found that confirms this enterprise. it records that in the sixth year of alexander ’ s reign, he made a payment of ten manehs of silver for “ clearing away the dust of e - sagila [ marduk ’ s great temple ] ” ( king, 1919, 2 : 284 - 288 ). in 270 b. c. antiochus soter, a greek ruler, restored several of the temples in babylon, but the general decay of the city continued. in the time of strabo ( at the end of the 1st century b. c. ), the site was in ruins. jerome ( fourth century a. d. ), learned that babylon had been used as a wild game park for the amusement of numerous persian dignitaries ( mcclintock and strong, 1969, 1 : 596 ). in the fifth century a. d., according to cyril of alexandria, due to the bursting of canal banks


used as a wild game park for the amusement of numerous persian dignitaries ( mcclintock and strong, 1969, 1 : 596 ). in the fifth century a. d., according to cyril of alexandria, due to the bursting of canal banks, babylon became a swamp ( jeremias, 1911, 1 : 294 ). volney, the french atheist who was such a militant adversary of the bible, wrote his book, the ruins of empires, in 1791. therein he stated : “ nothing is left of babylon but heaps of earth, trodden under foot of men ” ( as quoted in holman, 1926, p. 333 ). as jeremiah had prophesied : “ [ c ] ast her up as heaps ” ( 50 : 26 ). it is ironic that a skeptic should lend support to confirming the accuracy of the biblical narrative! when archaeologist austen layard explored babylon in the mid - nineteenth century, he described the heaps of rubbish that rendered the area a “ naked and hideous waste ” ( 1856, p. 413 ). later, when robert koldewey excavated the city for eighteen seasons beginning in 1899, he said that as he gazed over the ruins, he could not help but be reminded of jeremiah 50 : 39 ( 1914, p. 314 ). he reported that many of the sites were covered with forty to eighty feet of sand and rubble. a relatively modern air - view of babylonia — once the world ’ s greatest city — shows only a mound of dirt and broken - down walls ( boyd, 1969, pp. 153ff. ). in recent years, sadam hussein attempted to build a tourist center near the site of old babylon. the 1990 persian gulf war seriously impaired his plans. the critics and the prophecy the accuracy of the dozens of prophecies regarding the fall of babylon has baffled skeptics for generations. so remarkable has been the precision of the fulfillment that critics often have resorted to redating the predictions in both isaiah and jeremiah so as to make them appear to be records of history instead of prophecy! for example, in commenting upon the oracles of jeremiah, chapters 50 - 51, james philip hyatt wrote : “ some of the poems in this present collection seem to reflect the city ’ s downfall, as prophecies after the event rather than predictions... ” ( 1956, 5 : 1124, emp. added ). such a view ignores the evidence for dating the books at a much earlier period. a


city ’ s downfall, as prophecies after the event rather than predictions... ” ( 1956, 5 : 1124, emp. added ). such a view ignores the evidence for dating the books at a much earlier period. a former professor in a christian university has even capitulated to this liberal viewpoint. anthony ash asserted : dating chapter 50 is virtually impossible. the arrangement of the text indicates that it was a composite, probably containing materials from different periods.... the chapter may have reached this form near the mid - sixth century b. c., when the fall of babylon appeared likely ( 1987, p. 309, emp. added ). upon this basis, then, one supposes that jeremiah — or whoever put the composite together! — simply made a lucky guess as to the fall of babylon. such a view is disgusting, and unworthy of any christian writer. the prophetic details regarding the fall of ancient babylon, as minutely recorded in the old testament narratives, truly are astounding. this is but another example of the amazing evidence that demonstrates the character of the bible as the inspired word of god. ash, anthony l. ( 1987 ), jeremiah and lamentations ( abilene, tx : abilene christian university press ). boyd, robert ( 1969 ), a pictorial guide to biblical archaeology ( new york : bonanza ). fausset, a. r. ( 1990 reprint ), “ jeremiah, ” a commentary on the old and new testaments, volume 2, part 2, ed. robert jamieson, a. r. fausset, and david brown ( grand rapids, mi : eerdmans ). fitch ( 1954 ), “ isaiah, ” the new bible commentary, ed. f. davidson ( grand rapids, mi : eerdmans ). herodotus ( 1956 ), the history of herodotus, transl. by george rawlinson ( new york : tudor ). holman, thomas ( 1926 ), “ prophecy vindicated by volney, ” new testament christianity, ed. z. t. sweeney ( columbus, in : nt christianity book fund ). hyatt, james phillip ( 1956 ), the interpreter ’ s bible, ed. george a. buttrick ( nashville, tn : abindgon ). jackson, wayne ( 1996 ), “ zopyrus the persian, ” christian courier, 32 : 27, november. jeremias, alfred ( 1911 ), the old testament in


buttrick ( nashville, tn : abindgon ). jackson, wayne ( 1996 ), “ zopyrus the persian, ” christian courier, 32 : 27, november. jeremias, alfred ( 1911 ), the old testament in the light of the ancient east ( new york : putnam ’ s sons ). king, leonard w. ( 1919 ), a history of babylonia and assyria ( london : chatto & windus ). koldewey, robert ( 1914 ), the excavations at babylon ( london : macmillan ). layard, austen h. ( 1856 ), the ruins of nineveh and babylon ( new york : harper ). mcclintock, john and james strong ( 1969 ), cyclopedia of biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical literature ( grand rapids, mi : baker, reprint ). rollin, charles ( 1857 ), ancient history ( new york : harper & brothers ). xenophon ( 1893 edition ), cyropaedia, transl. by j. s. watson and henry dale ( london : george bell & sons ). wiseman, d. j. ( 1979 ), “ jeremiah, ” the new layman ’ s bible commentary, ed. g. c. d. howley, f. f. bruce, and h. l. ellison ( grand rapids, mi : zondervan ).


family maps of hancock county, illinois by gregory a. boyd, j. d. 328 pages with 83 total maps locating original landowners in maps has never been an easy task - until now. this volume in the family maps series contains newly created maps of original landowners ( patent maps ) in what is now hancock county, illinois, gleaned from the indexes of the illinois state archives. but it offers much more than that. for each township in the county, there are two additional maps accompanying the patent map : a road map and a map showing waterways, railroads, and both modern and many historical city - centers and cemeteries. included are indexes to help you locate what you are looking for, whether you know a person ' s name, a last name, a place - name, or a cemetery. the combination of maps and indexes are designed to aid researchers of american history or genealogy to explore frontier neighborhoods, examine family migrations, locate hard - to - find cemeteries and towns, as well as locate land based on legal descriptions found in old documents or deeds. the patent - maps are essentially plat maps but instead of depicting owners for a particular year, these maps show original landowners, no matter when the transfer from the federal government was completed. dates of patents typically begin near the time of statehood and run into the early 1900s. list of details found below... what ' s mapped in his book? what years are these maps for? what cities and towns are in hancock county, illinois ( and in this book )? acts of congress authorizing... indexes in this book reviews by the experts... surnames found in this book book specifications what ' s mapped in this book ( that you ' ll not likely find elsewhere )... 3877 parcels of land ( with original landowner names and patent - dates labeled in the relevant map ) 93 cemeteries plus... roads, and existing rivers, creeks, streams, railroads, and small - towns ( including some historical ), etc. back to top of description what years are these maps for? here are the counts for parcels of land mapped, by the decade in which the patent applications were made : back to top of description what cities and towns are in hancock county, illinois ( and in this book )? adrian, augusta, basco, bentley, bowen, breckenridge, burnside, carthage, chili, colusa, dallas city, denver, disco, durham, elderville, elvaston, ferris, fountain green, hamilton,


? adrian, augusta, basco, bentley, bowen, breckenridge, burnside, carthage, chili, colusa, dallas city, denver, disco, durham, elderville, elvaston, ferris, fountain green, hamilton, joetta, la crosse, la harpe, mccall, middle creek, nauvoo, niota, old niota, plymouth, pontoosuc, powellton, pulaski, quashquema ( historical ), saint mary, sonora ( historical ), stillwell, sutter, tioga, warsaw, webster, west pointback to top of description acts of congress authorizing the land patents in this book : april 24, 1820 : sale - cash entry ( 3 stat. 566 ) may 6, 1812 : scripwarrant act of 1812 ( 2 stat. 728 ) back to top of description indexes in this book - surnames in the county * number of times each surname occurs - surname / township index * every surname and the frequency in which each appears in relevant township - level maps - full - name index ( of original landowners ) for each township - multi - patentees ( groups of people who acquired land together ) back to top of description reviews by the experts what they are saying about the family maps back to top of description - instant gratification! - elizabeth shown mills, author, evidence explained : citing history sources from artifacts to cyberspace - incredible on - going series... - christine rose, author, courthouse research for family historians - must have publications... - dick eastman, eastman ' s online genealogy newsletter - a great service... - sharon tate moody, former president, association of professional genealogists surnames found in this book : abbot, abbott, abel, abernathy, abernethy, accor, adams, agnew, airs, albright, aldrich, alexander, allard, allen, allison, allton, alterfiet, ambler, ames, amos, anderson, andrews, angel, annis, anson, archdeacon, archer, armstrong, asher, ashley, atchison, atherton, atkins, augur, austin, autinger, avery, avise, ayers, aylward, ayres, babbit, babcock, babcook, bacon, bagby, bailes, bailey, bainter, baker, baldwin, ball, bancroft, bangs, barber, barger, barker, barlow, barnes,


ayres, babbit, babcock, babcook, bacon, bagby, bailes, bailey, bainter, baker, baldwin, ball, bancroft, bangs, barber, barger, barker, barlow, barnes, barnethy, barnum, barr, barret, barrett, barrow, bartlett, bartol, barton, basely, bass, bates, battell, bayard, beals, beamer, bean, beard, beasely, beattle, beaty, beausseir, beck, beckwith, bedell, bedinger, beebe, beebee, beede, beedle, beehler, belknap, bemar, benbow, bender, bennett, bennum, benson, benton, berlstein, bernard, berry, berthold, besom, bettesworth, betting, bettisworth, bibb, bigford, bingham, bird, bisbee, bissell, bither, bixby, bixley, black, blackburn, blackman, blackwell, blagg, blake, bland, blauvelt, bloomfield, bloyd, blythe, bobbit, bobbitt, bockour, bodwell, bohannan, boid, bolden, bolton, bonck, bond, bone, bonner, bonny, booth, boothe, bostrom, bothwick, botts, bouck, bourne, bowen, bowles, bowlsby, bowman, bowtell, box, boyd, boyde, boyle, boynton, bradbury, bradford, bradish, bradley, bradly, brady, brafford, bragdon, bragg, bransford, branton, brattain, brent, brewer, brewster, briant, bridges, briggs, bright, briley, brinkman, brinn, brislow, brock, brockway, brodhead, brook, brooks, bross, broughton, brower, brown, brownell, browning, brumley, brunson, bryant, bryerly, buchanan, buck, buckalew, buckallew, buckels, bucken, budd, bugby, bullard, bundage, bunnell, bunton, burgan, burgess, burgman, burk, mcallister, mcarthur, mcatee, mcauley, st clair, burke, burklow, burnham, burns, burrows, burrs, burton,


bunton, burgan, burgess, burgman, burk, mcallister, mcarthur, mcatee, mcauley, st clair, burke, burklow, burnham, burns, burrows, burrs, burton, busan, busey, bushnell, butcher, butler, byer, byram, byre, caban, cain, call, callighan, callison, calumber, calver, cambson, camburn, cameren, campbell, campunell, camren, camron, cane, cannon, cappenger, carels, cargill, carl, carmack, carmean, carns, carpenter, carr, carrier, carson, carten, carter, case, cash, cason, cass, casson, castleberry, castlebury, caswell, catlin, caughlan, caulder, cavan, caven, caze, chadbourn, chadwick, chamberlain, chambers, champinoise, champlin, chandler, chaney, chapman, charles, chase, chattin, chedal, cheney, childers, childress, chittenden, christee, clandenning, clapp, clark, clarkson, clauges, clay, clayborn, cleaveland, clemans, clements, clemons, clewley, close, coarser, cochran, cochrane, cockrum, coffin, coffman, cofran, colburn, colby, cole, coleby, coleman, colfix, collings, collins, combs, comings, comley, conant, conder, conklin, connally, connell, conner, connor, conrad, cook, cooke, cooley, coolidge, coon, cooper, cordle, corey, cormick, corson, cosgrove, cosner, cossage, cotton, counse, coursan, courtney, cox, crabbin, craft, craig, crampsey, crandall, crane, craven, crawford, crenshaw, crockett, crosier, cross, crouch, crow, crowley, crozier, crull, crumb, cruson, crutchfield, cuddeback, culkin, culpepper, cummings, cummins, cunningham, curl, curran, curtis, cushing, cushman, cuteral, cutler, cyrus, dabler, dacker


crutchfield, cuddeback, culkin, culpepper, cummings, cummins, cunningham, curl, curran, curtis, cushing, cushman, cuteral, cutler, cyrus, dabler, dacker, dailey, dale, dalton, dame, daniels, darby, darnall, darrah, daubenheyer, davis, dawson, day, de gaffarelly, de long, de witt, deakins, dean, decoster, dedman, delany, dellica, delling, delonge, deming, dempsey, denison, denney, denningsbury, dennis, denniston, denny, denton, denyke, desnoyer, devolld, dewey, dewing, dickens, dickerson, dickinson, dicus, dietz, dilday, dill, dillett, dillon, dilts, dimick, dimond, disney, doane, dodd, dodge, dodson, doleby, dolibar, donelly, donmead, donoho, doolittle, dorman, dorothy, doss, doty, doud, dougherty, doughty, douglass, dow, dowell, downing, doxen, doyle, drake, drew, drown, dudley, duff, duffey, duffie, duffield, duffy, dumbolton, dumbotton, dunbar, duncan, dungan, dunham, dunn, dunnel, dunscomb, durgeon, durkee, durphy, duskey, dutton, duyckinck, dyas, dye, dyer, eagan, eagleston, earl, east, eaton, edgar, edmonds, edmondson, edmunds, edrington, edwards, egbers, eggleston, eldridge, elkins, elliott, ellis, ellison, elwell, emda, emens, emerson, emery, emmerson, emmons, ennis, enos, etheridge, eubanks, evans, evington, ewing, exon, fagan, fairbank, fairchild, falconer, fales, fanar, farley, farmer, farnham, farrell, farrer, farrier, farrington, fawcet, faxon, fee, feilding, fellows, felt, felton, fenshaw, ferris, fessenden, fields, fincher, finney, first, fish, fisher, fister, fitzgerald,


farrington, fawcet, faxon, fee, feilding, fellows, felt, felton, fenshaw, ferris, fessenden, fields, fincher, finney, first, fish, fisher, fister, fitzgerald, fitzsimmons, flagg, fletcher, flickinger, florida, florie, floyd, flynth, fogg, folkrod, follett, folsom, forbus, ford, forrest, forsaith, forsyth, forsythe, fosdick, foster, foulk, fowler, fox, foy, foyle, frakes, frame, francisco, franklin, franks, fraser, frazee, frazier, freeman, french, frenenburgh, frey, fritter, fudge, fulk, fuller, fulmer, fuqua, furnace, futchey, gabriel, gafrey, gaines, galbreath, gallaher, galland, gallimore, galloway, gardiner, gardner, garland, garner, garr, garrett, gaston, gates, gaunt, gay, gaylord, gedding, geddis, george, gerree, gibbs, gibson, gilbert, giles, gill, gillet, gillett, gillis, gillock, gilmer, gilmor, gilmore, gilmour, gitting, gittings, gladdin, glasier, glazier, gleason, gliddon, glines, goddard, godfrey, goff, golden, goldsmith, gooch, goodger, goodin, goodrich, goodwin, gordon, gorham, gormley, gosner, gough, goulder, gowen, grady, graft, graham, granger, grant, graves, gray, grayson, greely, green, greene, greenleaf, greenwood, greewell, gregory, grey, griffen, griffin, griffith, griffiths, griffitts, griggs, grimes, grinell, gristy, griswold, groscup, grover, groves, grush, guinn, hadley, hadlock, hagan, hagerty, haggard, halbert, halcomb, hale, hales, hall, hallay, hambleton, hamilton, hamlin, hammond, hammons, hancock, handy, hankinson, hanlon, hanna, hannah, hannum, hanscom, hanson, hardman, hardy, hargin, harman


kellogg, kelly, kelso, kelsoe, kelton, kendall, kendoll, kendrick, kenneday, kennedy, kenney, kent, kerby, kern, kernell, kerr, kessler, kierens, killum, kimball, kimberly, kimbrough, kimmel, king, kingman, kinniston, kinsley, kirby, kirk, kirman, kitcham, kitchell, kittelthorp, klett, kneuse, kniffin, knight, knights, knott, knowles, knowlton, knox, kremeyer, kreps, kroop, lacompt, lacouse, lacy, lafon, lager, lake, lambert, lamme, lamo, lamphier, lamson, lancaster, land, lane, lang, langley, lapier, larabee, laradon, larkam, latellier, latham, lathrop, laton, latta, laughlin, law, lawson, layland, layson, learned, leary, ledbetter, ledmon, lee, legett, leicester, lenix, lenny, lently, lepper, leverett, lewis, libbey, libby, liddle, liggett, lightfoot, lillie, limley, lincoln, lindsey, lionberger, lions, lisk, little, littlefeild, loan, lock, lockheart, locklin, lockwood, logan, long, loomis, lord, losee, lott, louis, love, loveland, lovett, lovewell, lovit, lowe, lowell, lowman, lubey, luddington, ludwick, lurvey, lush, luther, lynch, lyon, lyons, machett, macker, mackey, madan, madarer, magee, magher, magill, major, mallett, malone, maltoon, manley, mann, manning, manton, manus, march, margrave, mariner, marker, marno, marr, marsh, marshall, marso, martial, martin, martz, marvin, massey, massie, masters, mathews, matthews, mattox, maxwell, mayhew, maynard, mcbride, mccance, mccannon, mccarman, mccarthy, mccartney, mccarty, mcclaskey, mcclaughry, mcclaury, mcclelland, mcc


matthews, mattox, maxwell, mayhew, maynard, mcbride, mccance, mccannon, mccarman, mccarthy, mccartney, mccarty, mcclaskey, mcclaughry, mcclaury, mcclelland, mcclure, mccolloc, mcconnell, mcconnemy, mcconnoughey, mcconvell, mccoole, mccoy, mccreary, mccubbin, mccullen, mcdaniel, mcdonald, mcdonnell, mcdowell, mcdutch, mcelroy, mcfadden, mcfall, mcfarland, mcfarrin, mcfate, mcferling, mcgaddins, mcgee, mcgennis, mcglassin, mcglone, mcgowan, mcguffie, mcguire, mchard, mcintire, mcintosh, mckay, mckeel, mckeevers, mckenney, mckerris, mckinley, mckittrick, mcknight, mckuen, mclaughlin, mcmahan, mcmillan, mcnab, mcneal, mcneil, mcnorton, mcpherson, mcquarg, mcqueston, mcrady, mead, meads, meagher, mease, medearis, meguire, mellen, meloney, melton, mendenhall, merrick, merrill, merrit, merryfield, mervin, metcalf, meyers, michael, michell, middleton, miers, miles, miller, mills, millson, milner, milnor, milton, milum, minor, minton, mitchell, mix, moat, mobley, moffett, moffit, moffitt, mollett, monden, monson, montague, montgomery, moore, moorin, moran, morgan, morris, morrison, morrow, morse, mosby, moseley, moses, mott, moulthrop, moulton, mourton, moxley, moyer, mudd, mulholland, mulican, mullett, mullica, mullin, mumford, muncreef, munday, munn, munro, munroe, murphy, murray, murrey, murrow, myers, nail, nason, naylor, neal, neale, nelson, nesbit, nevitt, newbegin, newell, newton, nichols, nickerson, nielson, nigh, nisfin,


murrow, myers, nail, nason, naylor, neal, neale, nelson, nesbit, nevitt, newbegin, newell, newton, nichols, nickerson, nielson, nigh, nisfin, nixon, noble, norcross, north, northrop, norton, nudd, nulton, nunn, nurse, nutt, oakes, oatman, obrian, ocallihan, ofarrell, ogden, oliver, ollis, oneale, oprouty, orcutt, orr, osborn, osborne, osgood, osmore, ostrander, ottinger, owen, page, painter, palmer, pangsburn, parham, parker, parkinson, parks, parshley, parsley, parslow, parsons, paschal, pasley, paslow, passley, patch, patrick, patterson, patton, pavy, payne, payton, peabler, peabody, peak, pearson, peas, pease, peck, pectal, peeble, peebler, peirce, peloux, pendleton, penharlow, penhollow, pennell, penney, pennock, penoyer, penson, perkins, perry, pervear, peters, peterson, pettibone, pettit, peyton, phelps, philips, phillips, phillrick, physick, pidgeon, pierce, pike, pinchin, pinkerton, pinkham, pinney, piper, pitcher, pittsbury, place, plain, plankenhorn, plankinghorn, plumb, plummer, polgar, pollott, pontine, pool, poor, pope, porter, porterfield, potter, powe, powell, powers, powler, pratt, pray, prentiss, prescheo, preston, pretzman, price, pridham, prior, proctor, pryor, pugh, pulcifer, pulley, purvis, puryear, putnam, rader, ralston, ramsey, rand, randal, randall, rapp, rardon, rathbun, rauth, ray, raymond, read, reason, reban, redding, redgrave, redman, reed, reeder, reese, regent, remington, renner, renshaw, retherford, reynolds, rhea, rice, rich, richards, richardson, richie, richmond, ricker, rider, rigby, riggins,


spees, spencer, sperry, spiker, spillman, spilman, splaun, sprague, spratt, sprung, squires, sribner, stakes, stanley, stansbury, stanton, stanwood, stark, statford, staulter, stearns, steel, steele, stephens, stevens, stevenson, stewart, stifler, stillman, stillwagon, stillwell, stimpson, stimson, stinson, stocker, stockwell, stoddard, stone, stonebraker, stophlett, stover, stow, stray, streets, strickler, stuart, studley, stump, sturtivant, suggs, summers, sutton, swartwood, swinny, swoap, swope, syhock, sykes, syms, talbot, taliaferro, talley, tally, tanner, tarborough, tarr, tasken, taunt, taylor, teas, teer, terrell, terry, thomas, thompson, thornburgh, thornton, thurber, tibbetts, tiffany, tilbarn, tillson, tillyon, timperley, timperly, tinkum, toland, tolin, tolizan, tolson, tomblings, toner, tongue, totman, totten, tower, towles, towson, trahune, trainer, trammel, transway, treadaway, trexall, trimble, trucks, tryon, tucker, tull, tunnell, turner, turrell, turrill, tuttle, tweed, tyler, tyrrell, tyson, underhand, vail, valentine, van deworker, van natter, van riper, van tassell, vanalstyne, vance, vancil, vangeesen, vannest, varney, vawter, venard, vermule, vickory, vineyard, vinica, vinton, vittum, vivrett, vowell, vulgermitt, waddill, wade, wadkins, waggoner, waite, wakeman, waldo, waldren, walker, wallace, walter, walton, ward, warener, warner, warren, washburn, wassom, wasson, waterhouse, watson, watt, watts, way, waybourn, weakley, weaver, webb,


##n, walker, wallace, walter, walton, ward, warener, warner, warren, washburn, wassom, wasson, waterhouse, watson, watt, watts, way, waybourn, weakley, weaver, webb, webber, webster, wedge, weed, weeks, welch, weldon, wellington, wells, welp, welsh, wentworth, west, westbrook, weston, whaley, wheeler, wheelock, whetstone, whidden, whipple, whitaker, whitcomb, white, whiteman, whitford, whiting, whitmore, whitney, whittaker, whittall, whittemore, whittington, whittlesey, whitton, wiggins, wightman, wilcox, wilds, wilke, wilkenson, wilkie, wilkins, wilkinson, willett, willey, williams, williamson, willis, wills, willson, wilsey, wilson, wilton, wimp, winn, winship, winslow, winstead, winters, wise, witton, wolcott, wood, woodard, woodburn, woodcock, wooden, woodram, woods, woodsworth, woody, woolworth, work, workman, worrell, worth, wright, wyatt, wyne, wyre, yager, yarborough, yates, yeaton, yetter, york, young, youngblood, zellers, zerbyback to top of description back to top of description | binding option | | copyright year | | dimensions | | isbn | | isbn13 | | paperback | | 2010 | | 8 - 5 / 16 " x 10 - 3 / 4 " | | 1420311654 | | 9781420311655 | | spiral - bound | | 2005 | | 8 - 1 / 2 " x 11 " ( plus coil ) | | 1420301543 | | 9781420301540 | | hardbound | | 2009 | | 8 - 1 / 2 " x 11 " | | 1420301535 | | 9781420301533 |


sugarbeet research unit, fort collins, co 2008 cris project plan objectives non - chemical pest control and enhanced sugar beet germplasm via traditional and molecular technologies this project focuses on development of improved sugarbeet germplasm that serves the diverse and changing needs of the u. s. beet sugar industry ( seed companies, and grower cooperatives, which produce and process all sugarbeet in the u. s. ). in addition, this project facilitates development of sugarbeet germplasm with greater disease resistance and assist in the development of improved and innovative management principles for pathogens that impact the northern plains and u. s. sugarbeet growing areas. we also seek to understand the etiology and epidemiology of important sugarbeet diseases to develop alternatives to manage diseases more effectively. this work is in direct cooperation with the national sugarbeet improvement program. objective 1 : evaluate, characterize, and utilize available sugarbeet genetic resources and ascertain the diversity ( genetic, proteomic, morphological, and pathogenic ) within and among sugarbeet and sugarbeet pathogen populations to fulfill the objectives below. this objective is an important part of the ars npgs beta germplasm collection, which is available to public and private breeders and geneticists. objective 2 : characterize the interaction of major sugarbeet pathogens ( esp. cercospora beticola, rhizoctonia solani, and fusarium oxysporum ) with sugarbeet. objective 3 : develop and distribute enhanced germplasm with novel stress resistance genes. as molecular tools are adapted for use in germplasm enhancement programs, it is hoped that the prebreeding process will become more rapid and efficient. a multidisciplinary approach combining traditional genetics, molecular biology, and biochemistry allows for identification of key resistance - associated genes / proteins. characterization of resistance using varied techniques provides a better understanding of plant defense against disease and identifies candidate genes and novel sources of resistance to move into sugar beet germplasm. furthermore, this greater knowledge of sugar beet defense opens up avenues for creating novel selection tools, including exploitation of polymorphisms and use of biomarkers. the same analyses can be used to understand and better manage pathogens of sugar beet through the creation of novel disease management strategies. diseases are recognized as the major cause of sugar beet losses worldwide. the fort collins ars sugarbeet


protecting surface and ground waters in emerging farming systems of the north central united states location : soil and water management research title : biochar ’ s role as an alternative n - fertilizer : ammonia capture submitted to : plant and soil publication type : peer reviewed journal publication acceptance date : july 19, 2011 publication date : january 6, 2012 citation : spokas, k. a., novak, j. m., venterea, r. t. 2012. biochar ’ s role as an alternative n - fertilizer : ammonia capture. plant and soil. 350 ( 1 ) : 35 - 42. interpretive summary : biochar is the name given to a special type of black carbon ( or charcoal ) that is created for the purpose of reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, or carbon sequestration. biochar ’ s role as a carbon sequestration agent, while also providing substantial soil quality improvements when applied to soil has been receiving significant attention across all portions of our society. this has lead to significant publicity and potential confusion over the material. the purpose of this paper is to review the recent observations of ammonia sorption ( or trapping ) by biochar and what this could mean for the agricultural use of this material. these recent observations support the idea of the potential use of biochar as an improved management tool for reducing the environmental damage associated with nitrogen fertilizer use. this information is important to farmers and policy makers and will assist scientists and engineers in developing improved agronomic systems. biochar ’ s role as a carbon sequestration agent, while simultaneously providing substantial soil fertility improvements when used as an amendment, has been receiving significant attention across all sectors of society, ranging from academia, industry, governmental, as well as the general public. this has lead to significant hype and potential confusion over the material, as well as its ability to be an amendment for soil fertility and carbon sequestration improvements. one sparsely explored area that biochar could have a significant impact is on the soil nitrogen cycle. taghizadeh - toosi et al. ( this issue ) has examined ammonia sorption on biochar as a mean of providing a nitrogen - enriched amendment. a new twist on this paradigm was the longevity of ammonia trapping ; it was sequestered in a stable form for at least 12 d under air laboratory air flow. furthermore, the authors observed an increased 15n uptake by plants grown in soil amended with this ammonia - enriched biochar, indicating that


knowing the exact cause of a child ' s hearing loss can assist clinicians and parents in making decisions regarding treatment and educational options. it may surprise some parents to know that more than half of all children who are born deaf or who become deaf very early in life have a genetic cause for their hearing loss. in fact, recent studies have revealed that approximately 50 - 60 % of moderate to profound, congenital, or early - onset hearing loss is genetic. the remaining 40 - 50 % of hearing loss is due to non - genetic effects, such as maternal infection ( cmv or rubella ), prematurity, postnata infection ( meningitis, otitis media ), ototoxic drugs, or acoustic / cranial trauma. genetic forms of hearing loss result from changes in the genetic material. the genetic material, called dna ( deoxyribonucleic acid ), is contained in almost every cell in the human body. the long chains of dna can be divided into sections, called genes. each person inherits two copies of each gene, one from each parent. genes control the production and function of proteins, which form the structural and regulatory elements of the body. genes, composed of a specific sequence of the chemical units adenine ( a ), guanine ( g ), cytosine ( c ), and thymine ( t ), are fairly consistent from person to person. estimates suggest that humans have approximately 30, 000 genes, of which at least 10 % are involved in determining the structure and function of the ear. recent progress in identification of these genes has provided insight into how the ear functions and how mutations in a single gene can cause hearing loss. more than 400 different forms of hereditary hearing loss are known. many of these forms can be distinguished from one another by audiologic characteristics ( type, degree, or progression ), vestibular characteristics, mode of inheritance, or the presence of other medical or physical characteristics. in the majority of cases ( 60 - 70 % ), hearing loss occurs as an isolated finding and is referred to as non - syndromic. the remaining 30 - 40 % of hereditary hearing loss is syndromic, resulting from a mutation in a gene that affects the development of multiple organs. some common syndromes associated with hearing loss are described in table 1, however the complete list of genetic syndromes associated with hearing loss is long and complex. although it is not essential that professionals who work with deaf children be familiar with all of the features of syndromic forms


with hearing loss are described in table 1, however the complete list of genetic syndromes associated with hearing loss is long and complex. although it is not essential that professionals who work with deaf children be familiar with all of the features of syndromic forms of hearing loss, an appreciation of the complexity of these disorders and the effect they can have on the health of these individuals as well as family members ( siblings and offspring ) emphasizes the importance of providing referrals for genetic evaluation and encouraging families to follow through with the referrals. genetic forms of hearing loss can also be classified by inheritance pattern. when only one copy of a mutation in a gene is necessary to cause hearing loss, the trait is inherited in a dominant pattern. approxi - mately 10 - 20 % of non - syndromic deafness is inherited in a dominant manner. when two copies of a mutation in the same gene ( one from each parent ) are necessary to cause hearing loss, the trait is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. roughly 70 - 80 % of hearing loss is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. when recessive genes for deafness are located on the x chromosome, the trait is inherited as x - linked recessive. a small percentage, around 1 - 2 %, of hearing loss can be attributed to x - linked recessive inheritance. mitochondrial inheritance refers to the inheritance of a genetic mutation in the genes contained within the mitochondria. the mitochondria contain a small amount of dna ( 37 genes ) which is passed on to the next generation only through the egg cell. thus, mitochondrial mutations are only inherited from the mother and are passed on to all of her children. these mutations may account for 0 - 20 % of inherited hearing loss, depending on ethnic background. the most common form of hereditary deafness is caused by mutations in the gjb2 gene. this gene, which encodes the gap junction beta protein connexin 26, is most commonly inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion. hearing loss which results from mutations in the gjb2 gene varies in degree and progression, but most individuals have congenital, profound, stable sensorineural hearing loss. between 10 - 37 % of individuals with an " unknown " cause for their deafness have mutations in gjb2. a genetic evaluation can often identify the exact cause of hearing loss or at the very least, exclude many causes of the hearing loss. at some point after the identification of their hearing loss, most children can benefit


##ness have mutations in gjb2. a genetic evaluation can often identify the exact cause of hearing loss or at the very least, exclude many causes of the hearing loss. at some point after the identification of their hearing loss, most children can benefit from a genetic evaluation. in 2002, the american college of medical genetics ( acmg ) published a statement entitled " genetic evaluation guidelines for the etiologic diagnosis of congenital hearing loss. " in this statement, the acmg emphasized that the appropriate management of all persons identified with congenital hearing loss requires a comprehensive genetic evaluation. the genetic evaluation should include a detailed family history, a complete physical examination, a thorough patient history, and examinations by other medical specialists, when necessary. during genetic evaluation and counseling the geneticist and / or genetic counselor will assist patients and families with the diagnosis of a genetic condition, identify associated medical issues and provide referrals for medical management. the geneticist / genetic counselor will also calculate and communicate the recurrence risk and provide psychosocial support for the family. audiologists can play an essential role in the process of genetic diagnosis. whether providing the initial referral to genetic services, helping to reinforce or correct misinformation, or by identifying those in need of additional support, the audiologist is an important member of the health care team. audiologists, speech - language pathologists, and other interested professionals may obtain additional information about genetics and / or the gallaudet university genetics program by viewing the web site. [ editor ' s note : arnos, pandya, and burton gave the audiology keynote focused on genetics nov. 18, 2005 at the asha convention in san diego. ]


what are stem cells? every cell in the human body can be traced back to a fertilized egg that came into existence from the union of an egg and sperm. there are over 200 different types of cells in the body that evolve from an early embryo ’ s identical, undifferentiated stem cells. during early development, as well as later in life, various types of stem cells give rise to differentiated cells that carry out the specific functions of the body, such as skin, blood, muscle, and nerve cells1. over the past two decades, scientists researching stem cell health have been gradually deciphering the processes by which undifferentiated stem cells become the many specialized cell types in the body. stem cells can regenerate themselves and produce specialized cell types. this property makes stem cells appealing for scientists seeking to create medical treatments that are used for replacing lost or damaged cells. collecting and preserving healthy stem cells early will ensure our clients access to many of today ’ s and tomorrow ’ s stem cell therapies and the option of treating diseases and regenerating tissues and organs with their own stem cells. for example, studies are now underway where doctors expect to be able to treat patients within ten days of a heart attack with stem cells to regenerate heart muscle, increase heart vascularity and improve electrical function based on clinical trial data. for more information, see clinicaltrials. gov » when are adult stem cells produced? after we are born, stem cells continue to be produced in bone marrow and circulate naturally throughout our blood stream, tissues and organs – these cells are considered to be adult stem cells ( asc ). the principal difference age makes is in the quality of the stem cells circulating in our blood. younger cells are more likely to be free of oxidative damage and mutations. we continue to produce stem cells throughout our lives at a steady state. as we reach our 60s and 70s the number of cells produced begins to diminish. when we are in our 80s and older, stem cell production is significantly reduced.


significance and use test method — the pulse test method is used to determine the transmissivity and storativity of low - permeability formations surrounding the packed - off intervals. this test method is considerably shorter in duration than the pump and slug tests used in more permeable rocks. to obtain results to the desired accuracy, pump and slug tests in low - permeability formations are too time consuming, as indicated in fig. 1 ( from bredehoeft and papadopulos ( 1 ) ). analysis — the transient pressure data obtained using the suggested method are evaluated by the curve - matching technique described by bredehoeft and papadopulos ( 1 ), or by an analytical technique proposed by wang et al ( 2 ). the latter is particularly useful for interpreting pulse tests when only the early - time transient pressure decay data are available. conversions — the permeability of a formation is often expressed in terms of the unit darcy. a porous medium has a permeability of 1 darcy when a fluid of viscosity 1 cp ( 1 mpa · s ) flows through it at a rate of 1 cm3 / s ( 10−6 m 3 / s ) / 1 cm2 ( 10−4 m2 ) cross - sectional area at a pressure differential of 1 atm ( 101. 4 kpa ) / 1 cm ( 10 mm ) of length. one darcy corresponds to 0. 987 μm2. for water as the flowing fluid at 20°c, a hydraulic conductivity of 9. 66 μm / s corresponds to a permeability of 1 darcy. viscosity of water — table 1 shows the viscosity of water as a function of temperature. table 1 viscosity of water as a function of temperature | temperature, °c | | absolute viscosity, mpa · s | 1. 1 this test method covers a field procedure for determining the transmissivity and storativity of geological formations having permeabilities lower than 10−3 μm2 ( 1 millidarcy ) using the pressure pulse technique. 1. 2 the transmissivity and storativity values determined by this test method provide a good approximation of the capacity of the zone of interest to transmit water, if the test intervals are representative of the entire zone and the surrounding rock is fully water saturated. 1. 3 the values stated in si units are to be regarded as the standard. the values in parentheses are for information only. 1. 4 this


, if the test intervals are representative of the entire zone and the surrounding rock is fully water saturated. 1. 3 the values stated in si units are to be regarded as the standard. the values in parentheses are for information only. 1. 4 this standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. it is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. borehole drilling ; discontinuities ; fault zones ; field testing flow and flow rate ; groundwater ; permeability ; pressure testing ; pulse testing ; rock ; saturation ; storativity ; transmissivity ; viscosity ; water ; water saturation : borehole drilling ; discontinuities - - rock ; fault zones ; field testing - - rock ; flow and flow rate - - soil / rock / related materials ; permeability - - soil / rock ; pressure testing - - rock ; pulse testing ; rock materials / properties / analysis ; saturation ; storativity ; transmissivity and reflectivity ; viscosity - - rock ; water analysis ; water saturation ; ics number code 93. 020 ( earth works. excavations. foundation construction. underground works ) astm international is a member of crossref. citing astm standards [ back to top ]


new study counters clovis comet “ there ’ s no plausible mechanism to get airbursts over an entire continent, ” said boslough, a physicist. “ for this and other reasons, we conclude that the impact hypothesis is, unfortunately, bogus. ” in a december 2012 american geophysical union monograph, first available in january, the researchers point out that no appropriately sized impact craters from that time period have been discovered, nor have any unambiguously “ shocked ” materials been found. in addition, proposed fragmentation and explosion mechanisms “ do not conserve energy or momentum, ” a basic law of physics that must be satisfied for impact - caused climate change to have validity, the authors write. also absent are physics - based models that support the impact hypothesis. models that do exist, write the authors, contradict the asteroid - impact hypothesizers. the authors also charge that “ several independent researchers have been unable to reproduce reported results ” and that samples presented in support of the asteroid impact hypothesis were later discovered by carbon dating to be contaminated with modern material. the boslough trail his credibility was on the line on in july 1994 when eos, the widely read newsletter of the american geophysical union, ran a front - page prediction by a sandia national laboratories team, led by boslough, that under certain conditions plumes from the collision of comet shoemaker - levy 9 with the planet jupiter would be visible from earth. the sandia team - - boslough, dave crawford, allen robinson and tim trucano - - were alone among the world ’ s scientists in offering that possibility. “ it was a gamble and could have been embarrassing if we were wrong, ” said boslough. “ but i had been watching while shoemaker - levy 9 made its way across the heavens and realized it would be close enough to the horizon of jupiter that the plumes would show. ” his reasoning was backed by simulations from the world ’ s first massively parallel processing supercomputer, sandia ’ s intel paragon. on the one hand, it was a chance to check the new paragon ’ s logic against real events, a shakedown run for the defense - oriented machine. on the other, it was a hold - your - breath prediction, a kind of babe ruth moment when the babe is reputed to have pointed to the spot in the center field bleachers he intended to hit the next ball. no other scientists were willing to point the same way, partly due to previous failures


prediction, a kind of babe ruth moment when the babe is reputed to have pointed to the spot in the center field bleachers he intended to hit the next ball. no other scientists were willing to point the same way, partly due to previous failures in predicting the behavior of comets kohoutek and halley, and partly because most astronomers believed the plumes would be hidden behind jupiter ’ s bulk. that the plumes indeed proved visible started boslough on his own trajectory as a media touchstone for things asteroidal and meteoritic. it didn ’ t hurt that, when he stands before television cameras to discuss celestial impacts, his earnest manner, expressive gestures and extraterrestrial subject matter make him seem a combination of carl sagan and luke skywalker, or perhaps tom sawyer and indiana jones. standing in jeans, work shirt and hiking boots for the discovery channel at the site in siberia where a mysterious explosion occurred 105 years ago, or discussing it at sandia with his supercomputer simulations in bold colors on a big screen behind him, the rangy, 6 - foot - 3 sandia researcher vividly and accurately explained why the mysterious explosion at tunguska that decimated hundreds of square miles of trees and whose ejected debris was seen as far away as london most probably was caused neither by flying saucers drunkenly ramming a hillside ( a proposed hypothesis ) nor by an asteroid striking the earth ’ s surface, but rather by the fireball of an asteroid airburst - - an asteroid exploding high above ground, like a nuclear bomb, compressed to implosion as it plunged deeper into earth ’ s thickening, increasingly resistive atmosphere. the governing physics, he said, was precisely the same as for the airburst on jupiter. among later triumphs, boslough was the sandia component of a national geographic team flown to the libyan desert to make sense of strange yellow - green glass worn as jewelry by pharaohs in days past. boslough ’ s take : it was the result of heat on desert sands from a hypervelocity impact caused by an even bigger asteroid burst. in the present case in the clovis case, boslough felt that his ideas were taken further than he could accept when other researchers claimed that the purported demise of the clovis civilization in north america was the result of climate change produced by a cluster of comet fragments striking earth. in a widely reported press conference announcing the clovis comet hypothesis in 2007, proponents showed a national geographic animation based on one


“ early one spring morning, a little seed woke up after her long winter sleep. she yawned and stretched. with a loud crack her hard brown jacket fell away. ' oh! ' said the surprised seed. the earth above felt warm. ”... this was just the beginning of big changes to come. the colorful illustrations in this book are made by the author from dyed wool fibers, felted together to create a solid piece of “ fabric. ” she employed a technique known as “ dry, ” or “ needle, ” felting, which requires a small hand tool called a felting needle with barbs along the shaft to catch the fibers as it pierces the surface of the wool and binds them together. jan describes the experience as “ painting with a needle. ” hardcover, 28 beautifully illustrated pages, 8x10 inches, ages 3 - 5. jan schubert has been a waldorf early childhood educator for more than twenty years. in a one - room - school house on sixty acres in northern california, she founded and operated a preschool program. she holds a ba in ece and has taught kindergarten at the davis waldorf school ( davis, california ), where she currently teaches preschool. jan also worked in a lifeways program. she has a lifelong love of handwork and textiles, which is expressed in her visual storytelling and puppetry.


the achievement of the millennium development goals is dependent on the effectiveness of institutions of governance, including parliaments, ministries or departments of government, traditional leadership groups, and civil society organisations. without effective governance, the chances for development, growth and poverty reduction are compromised. this means that basic services such as education and maternal health are not delivered effectively, and poor and marginalised people often miss out. since 2010 we have been increasing expenditure on governance. in 2010 – 11 the total oda for governance was $ 792. 5 million, and in 2011 – 12 this figure increased to $ 943. 3 million. key achievements in recent years include : - supporting the ministry of finance in timor - leste to improve its systems for government spending - increasing access to justice for victims of violence against women in png - strengthening the electoral cycle process in solomon islands leading to the 2010 elections being declared ‘ free and fair ’ by international observers. following the government ’ s announcement on 17 december 2012 to reprioritise resources within the aid budget, the 2012 – 13 budget estimate for the governance program was reduced by $ 37. 6 million to approximately $ 885. 9 million. the new budget estimate for governance reflects changes to global programs, including in election support and political governance, and in country programs, including deferral of leadership and civil society programs into future financial years. in 2012 – 13, australia will continue to support partner governments in their efforts to deliver basic services, through capable and well - functioning state institutions. the australian aid program ’ s support for effective governance falls into three pillars : - delivering better services through improved government efficiency and effectiveness, and more accountable, open and responsive governments. - improved security and enhanced justice. - enhanced human rights. read more about the australian aid program ' s effective governance strategy. read more about our support for effective governance in the following countries :


the purpose of this report is to provide information concerning injury mortality among infants, children ( ages 1 - 14 ) and adolescents ( ages 15 - 19 ) in arizona. the data for 1997 are placed in a temporal context by comparison with the data for the preceding ten years. data on the number and characteristics of injury deaths among arizona residents 19 years old or younger were obtained from the death certificates filed with the arizona department of health services. in this report, fatal injuries as the underlying cause of death are defined and coded according to icd - 9 * in the following manner : population denominators for arizona residents, used to calculate rates, are projections from the population statistics unit in the arizona department of economic security ( data for 1987 - 1989 and 1993 - 1997 ) and the u. s. census bureau ( data for 1990 and data by ethnic group for 1997 ). detailed population data by gender, age and county were unavailable for 1991 - 1992. in order to obtain the population denominators for these two years, the 1990 percentages of population breakdowns ( or census shares ) were applied to 1991 and 1992 total state or county population estimates published by the des. office of epidemiology and statistics bureau of public health statistics arizona department of health services phone : ( 602 ) 542 - 7333 fax : ( 602 ) 542 - 1244


toddlers are just like the rest of us – they don ' t always listen. in fact, at their age they need you to teach them how to pay attention. " but what often happens, " says roni leiderman, associate dean of the family center at nova southeastern university in fort lauderdale, florida, " is that parents say something ten times, then they start counting down to punishment. what this does is actually condition the child not to listen until the tenth time. " by not listening, your child is getting your attention ( though constant nagging isn ' t the best form of it ). but being a good listener helps your child learn more effectively, obey warnings, get along better with you and her teachers and other adults she ' ll be expected to heed, and make better friends. there are many simple strategies that, when consistently followed, teach toddlers the skills they need to become good listeners. and, as leiderman points out, " it ' s never too early to begin teaching your child. a toddler may not listen as well as a 5 - year - old, but she still has lots of these skills. " get on his level. as every parent realizes sooner or later, bellowing from a great height ( much less from the other room ) rarely has the desired effect. squat down or pick your child up, so you can look him in the eye and grab his attention. he ' ll listen much more closely if you sit down next to him at the breakfast table when reminding him to eat up his cornflakes, or perch on his bed at night when telling him you ' re about to turn out the light. eye contact is critical and most effective when you ' re face - to - face with your child. state your message clearly, simply, and authoritatively. your child will zone out if you harp on a topic too long. it ' s hard to find the point of a wordy message such as " it ' s really cold outside, and you ' ve been sick lately, so i want you to put on your sweater before we go to the store. " on the other hand, " it ' s time to get your sweater " is unmistakable. and don ' t phrase something as a question if your child doesn ' t actually have a choice. " it ' s time to climb into your car seat " has a lot more impact than " come climb into your car seat, okay, honey? " it ' s good to give toddlers choices, too. just


t actually have a choice. " it ' s time to climb into your car seat " has a lot more impact than " come climb into your car seat, okay, honey? " it ' s good to give toddlers choices, too. just be sure you ' re okay with the options you offer – and stick with only two. by allowing your toddler to make limited choices, she ' ll feel empowered ( and you ' ll be satisfied with the result ). follow through — quickly. make it clear that you mean what you say, and don ' t make threats – or promises – you won ' t keep. if you tell your 2 - year - old, " you need to drink some milk at dinnertime, " don ' t waffle five minutes later and let him have juice instead. if you warn him he ' ll have a time - out if he hits his brother, give him that time - out when the blow comes. make sure your spouse or partner shares your rules and respects them as well, so that neither of you undermines the other. and if there ' s a disagreement, talk it through so you ' re both clear about what needs to be said or done when the issue comes up again ( as it surely will ). in addition, make your follow - through speedy. you would never expect to have to shout " don ' t run across the street! " five times before your child stops. it ' s also important for your child to know when something is especially dangerous and for you to demonstrate a safe way to approach the situation. for example, when your child crosses the street, always hold his hand – that way he ' ll associate the danger of cars with being careful. and don ' t fall into the trap of repeating less urgent instructions, such as " set your cup on the table, " over and over again before expecting your child to comply. gently guide your child ' s hand to place the cup on the table so he knows exactly what you want him to do. reinforce your message. it often helps to follow up your verbal statement with a number of other kinds of messages, especially if you are trying to pull your child away from an absorbing activity. say " time for bed! " and then give a visual cue ( flicking the light switch on and off ), a physical cue ( laying a hand on her shoulder to gently pull her attention away from her doll and toward you ), and a demonstration ( steering her toward her bed, pulling down the covers, and patting the pillow )


switch on and off ), a physical cue ( laying a hand on her shoulder to gently pull her attention away from her doll and toward you ), and a demonstration ( steering her toward her bed, pulling down the covers, and patting the pillow ). give your child some advance notice before a big change will take place, especially if he ' s happily involved with toys or a friend. before you ' re ready to leave the house, say, " we ' re going to leave in a few minutes. when i call you, it ' s time to come out of the sandbox and wash your hands. " give realistic instructions – and make them fun. " if you tell a 2 - year - old to put her toys away, she looks around the room and says, ' sheesh! ' " says leiderman. " give realistic tasks, like ' let ' s put the yellow blocks away. ' then you can make it into play : ' good, now let ' s put the blue blocks away. ' " yelling orders may produce results ( in some children ), but no one will enjoy the process. most children respond best when you treat them with confident good humor. for example, occasionally use a silly voice or a song to deliver your message. you might sing, " now it ' s time to brush your teeth " to the tune of " london bridge. " stress the benefits of complying over mere dutifulness ( " brush your teeth and then you can pick out your favorite jammies " instead of " you have to brush your teeth or you ' ll get cavities " or " brush your teeth now! " ). praise him when he finishes brushing, with " good listening! " the good humor, affection, and trust you demonstrate to your child when speaking to him this way will make him want to listen to you, because he ' ll know that you love him and think he ' s special. this is an important aspect of even those strategies that require firmness. giving straightforward, authoritative instructions does not mean you have to be crabby – such messages are much more powerful when accompanied by a hug or a smile. then your child learns that paying attention to you is worthwhile. model good behavior. preschoolers will be better listeners if they see that you are a good listener, too. make it a habit to listen to your child as respectfully as you would to any adult. look at her when she talks to you, respond politely, and let her finish without interrupting whenever possible. while


that you are a good listener, too. make it a habit to listen to your child as respectfully as you would to any adult. look at her when she talks to you, respond politely, and let her finish without interrupting whenever possible. while it may seem like a tall order when you ' re cooking dinner and your toddler is being especially chatty, try not to walk away from her or turn your back on her while she ' s talking. as with so many other behaviors, the old advice " do as i say, not as i do " has no value when teaching your children to listen. catch your child being good. how often do you talk to your child about what he ' s doing wrong? would you want to listen to someone – like your boss, for example – who only gave you negative guidance? your child is more likely to listen to you if you notice when he ' s behaving well and comment on it. " you put your blocks away the first time i asked. good job! " or " you were very gentle with the puppy. i ' m proud of you! " make sure you give your toddler plenty of positive reinforcement and he ' ll be less likely to tune you out when you need to steer him back on course. numerous books provide sound advice in this area. among the most popular are how to talk so kids will listen, and listen so kids will talk, by adele faber and elaine mazlish, discipline without spanking or shouting, by jerry wyckoff and barbara unell, and raising your spirited child, by mary sheedy kurcinka.


men might get a fertility boost by taking an antioxidant supplement, but the same may not hold true for women, according to a study on mice that found common antioxidants, including vitamins c and e, may pose problems for female fertility. published january 10, 2011 in the journal proceedings of the national academy of sciences, the study examined the effect of antioxidants on female ovulation, noting that in mice exposed to high levels of antioxidants, lower than normal numbers of eggs were released during ovulation. what ' s the connection? antioxidants work by eliminating cell - damaging molecules known as " reactive oxygen species, " the culprit thought to be behind inflammation and other health ailments. researchers in this study now believe that perhaps some level of inflammation is needed to jumpstart the ovulation process ( and enhance an egg ' s ability to " burst " from the follicle ). by doing too good a job at reducing inflammation, antioxidants may disrupt this natural process. natural health nut? it ' s always a good idea to run your supplements by your doctor to better understand how certain herbs, vitamins, and other holistic remedies you use may affect your fertility ( same is true for your partner ). worried because your prenatal vitamin contains vitamins c and e? no need to stop taking it. subjects in the study were exposed to much higher amounts of antioxidants than those found in prenatal vitamins.


family matters - august 2008 if you ’ re happy and you know it … by molly brown koch in a television commercial, an adorable little girl in a pink tutu emerges victorious from the bathroom. she jumps up and down and, along with her mother, claps her hands over her success at toilet training. perhaps her first. mom ought to memorize the picture of her child ' s glee and satisfaction over " a job well done " as a reminder of the vital role success plays in a child ' s we may not think of toilet training as anything more than the end of the endless stream of diapers, but it seems to me that it is more. here was the little girl ' s first awareness of herself as a capable person. she will want to repeat her success, especially because it met with her mother ' s approval and but it is also important for her to see herself as capable. she is learning how to value her own accomplishments. this is how she gets to accept her specialness. and to top it all off, her triumph in the bathroom made her happy. so this brings us to the question of what makes children happy. for some, such as the little girl in the pink tutu, it ’ s the sense of accomplishment ( and pleasing her mother ). for others, it is having good friends, while others are happy when they discover new ideas or facts. for most children, it is the time they spend with attentive parents. for many children, happiness seems to hinge on getting the latest toy or gadget. the problem with that is it is short - lived. children tire of toys, and electronic gadgets are often outdated even before the bill is paid. computer games are fun to play, but the child is happiest when he or she wins — and there is an accomplishment to boast about. yes, we want our children to be happy, but is it our job to make them happy? for example, do we feel we ' re supposed to make our children happy when they are sad? what ' s so bad about sad? don ' t children have the right to feel the full sweep of human emotions? instead of trying to happy them out of it, we need to help them learn how to handle sadness. and, when they do learn how to handle sadness on their own, they ' ll be well on their way to being happy again because they did it on we can and should comfort our children, but not so excessively that they are robbed of the chance to nur


they do learn how to handle sadness on their own, they ' ll be well on their way to being happy again because they did it on we can and should comfort our children, but not so excessively that they are robbed of the chance to nurture themselves — a blueprint they will need when they are out on their own. we can also show them how their sad feelings can lead to having sympathy and compassion for others who are sad. are we supposed to make our children happy by entertaining them when they are some parents are glad to drop everything and spend time with their restless child, which can be good. but not all of the time. parents should also be mindful of their child ' s need to find ways to entertain him or herself. shouldn ' t we try to make the angry child happy? it would certainly make us feel one thing we ought not to do is try to humor him or her out of being angry. children have a right to be angry and, by our acceptance of it, we help them accept themselves in their worst let ' s take a cue from the constitution of the united states, which does not guarantee its citizens happiness — just the freedom to pursue it. just think of what it would take for the government to make each one of us happy! we, too, can give our children the freedom to pursue happiness. we can give them a safe place to live, where joy happens, where they are loved, nurtured, accepted, and respected, where their goodness is cultivated, and where we bring out the best in them. then, we can leave the rest up to them. after all is said and done, there is a way you can contribute to your children ' s happiness. perhaps the best way of all. be happy yourself ; it ' s contagious. then show them how to take delight in the little things, how to make the best of bad situations, and how to enjoy the work of your own hands. fill your house with laughter and fun, sing with them, dance with them, cherish them. walk in the park with them, talk with them, listen to them, support them, reach out to them. be happy they are your children. that ought to do it. when the late opera star beverly sills was asked how she could be so happy when she had two disabled children, one whose deafness precluded her ever hearing her mother ' s beautiful voice, sills replied, " even if i cannot be happy, i can in or out of


gamification is about taking the essential ingredients of a game and applying them to real - world, non - game situations. by introducing game mechanics such as rules, challenges and rewards for achievements ; businesses can not only increase the fun factor, but most importantly motivate and engage their audience. early endeavors have proven that a healthy dose of competition really can make all the difference. training, for example, is key to any business, yet traditional teaching methods are often more likely to induce slumber than an expansion of expertise. here, gamification can provide a very real solution ; but it ’ s not as simple as providing points or badges for a job well done – effective gamification is something of an art form. the psychology of play in any context, a game is only as good as it ’ s design. when training, a clear understanding of how game elements can drive learning behavior must be gained before a gamified framework can be constructed. one of the most powerful aspects of games is their ability to ignite a player ’ s emotions, producing everything from frustration to pride and therefore deeply engaging them in the task at hand. beyond raw emotion - rules, for example, provide the player with boundaries within which they are free to explore and discover – testing theories and learning through trial and error. problem solving can also be approached from a fresh perspective as players are provided with the opportunity to assume new identities and tackle challenges from within that new role. once considered, a game designer has to work out how to harness these drivers by carefully selecting the basic building blocks of a gamified system and placing them within the framework. these mechanics can include anything from points and leaderboards to levels, achievements and virtual goods. each of these blocks have to satisfy basic human motivations, such as that for status, recognition and self - expression that are important to the player. the secret of successful gamified training is to accurately pinpoint the motivations of the learner and provide them with the perfect balance between challenge and reward. these small rewards represent only part of the overall gain, as they come accompanied by a reinforcement of learning objectives, constructive feedback and dynamic classroom environment. playing games in the workplace typically, having fun doesn ’ t trump deadlines on the to - do list of business executives – but gamification can be a potent way to dispel the tedium of training and boost the talent pool – without trivializing the learning content. deloitte, for example, created a leadership academy – an innovative digital training program that is


but gamification can be a potent way to dispel the tedium of training and boost the talent pool – without trivializing the learning content. deloitte, for example, created a leadership academy – an innovative digital training program that is currently accessed by more than 50, 000 users in over 14 different countries around the world. the academy provides content from leading educational and training institutions using an online portal and mobile applications. by signing up to the academy, senior executives can deepen their knowledge of effective self - development, communication methods, talent management, developing strategy and innovation. most recently, collaborating with software company badgeville, users who complete course modules, share ideas or reach notable leaderboard statuses are rewarded with badges - and can share their achievements through social networks, such as linkedin and twitter. getting serious about gaming gamified mechanics, such as these are only the tip of the iceberg. serious games can also involve the use of simulations that immerse the learner in a virtual world, allowing them to put theoretical knowledge to the test within a safe environment. the learning value of games such as these is marked. research carried out by the federation of american scientists revealed that, “ students remember only 10 percent of what they read ; 20 percent of what they hear ; 30 percent if they see visuals related to what they hear ; 50 percent if they watch someone do something while explaining it ; but almost 90 percent if they do the job themselves, even if only as a simulation ". with such effective learning outcomes - it ’ s easy to understand why the aviation industry, the military and medical teams have for decades relied on the strength simulations when training their experts ; and finally companies have caught up. with the seeds of potential having been sown, it is increasingly clear that with careful development and commitment, gamification could reinvent the way we train and learn – helping industries meet the complex challenges presented by the modern world and taking them to the next level. michelle katics is the ceo of bankerslab


dilation and curettage ( d and c ) ( dilatation and curettage, d & c ) what is a dilation and curettage ( d & c )? a dilation and curettage procedure, also called a d & c, is a surgical procedure in which the cervix ( lower, narrow part of the uterus ) is dilated ( expanded ) so that the uterine lining ( endometrium ) can be scraped with a curette ( spoon - shaped instrument ) to remove abnormal tissues. a suction d & c uses suction to remove uterine contents. this is sometimes called a dilation and evacuation ( d & e ). other related procedures used for diagnosing and treating the endometrium include endometrial ablation, hysteroscopy, and hysterectomy. please see these procedures for additional information. click image to enlarge what are female pelvic organs? the organs and structures of the female pelvis are : endometrium. this is the lining of the uterus. uterus ( also called the womb ). the uterus is a hollow, pear - shaped organ located in a woman ' s lower abdomen, between the bladder and the rectum. the uterus sheds its lining each month during menstruation, unless a fertilized egg ( ovum ) becomes implanted and pregnancy follows. ovaries. two female reproductive organs located in the pelvis in which egg cells ( ova ) develop and are stored and where the female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone are produced. cervix. the lower, narrow part of the uterus located between the bladder and the rectum, forming a canal that opens into the vagina, which leads to the outside of the body. vagina ( also called the birth canal ). the passageway through which fluid passes out of the body during menstrual periods. the vagina connects the cervix and the vulva ( the external genitalia ). vulva. the external portion of the female genital organs. fallopian tube. two thin tubes that extend from each side of the uterus, toward the ovaries, as a passageway for eggs and sperm. the menstrual cycle with each menstrual cycle, the endometrium prepares itself to nourish a fetus, as increased levels of estrogen and progesterone help to


as a passageway for eggs and sperm. the menstrual cycle with each menstrual cycle, the endometrium prepares itself to nourish a fetus, as increased levels of estrogen and progesterone help to thicken its walls. if implantation of the fertilized egg does not occur, the lining of the endometrium, coupled with blood and mucus from the vagina and cervix ( the lower, narrow part of the uterus located between the bladder and the rectum ), make up the menstrual flow ( also called menses ) that leaves the body through the vagina. after menopause, menstruation stops and a woman should not have any bleeding. reasons for the procedure a d & c may be used as a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure for abnormal bleeding. a d & c may be performed to determine the cause of abnormal or excessive uterine bleeding, to detect cancer, or as part of infertility ( inability to become pregnant ) investigation. causes of abnormal bleeding include the presence of abnormal tissues, such as fibroid tumors ( benign tumors that develop in the uterus, also called myomas ) polyps, or cancer of the endometrium or uterus. tissues obtained from the d & c can be examined under a microscope. abnormal uterine bleeding may also be due a hormone imbalance or disorder ( particularly estrogen and progesterone ) especially in women approaching menopause or after menopause. a d & c may be used following a miscarriage to remove the fetus and other tissues if they have not all been naturally passed. infection or heavy bleeding can occur if these tissues are not completely removed. this type of d & c may also be called a surgical evacuation of the uterus or a d & e. occasionally following childbirth, small pieces of the placenta ( afterbirth ) remain adhered to the endometrium and are not passed. this can cause bleeding or infection. a d & c may be used to remove these fragments so that the endometrium can heal properly. there may be other reasons for your doctor to recommend a d & c. risks of the procedure as with any surgical procedure, complications may occur. some possible complications of a d & c may include, but are not limited to, the following : patients who are allergic to or sensitive to medications, iodine, or latex should notify their doctor. if you are pregnant or suspect