human body or anything that ejects warmth for its functioning really wastes a big amount of energy in form of heat. can this dissipating energy be harvested and used to run an electric device? a team of wake forest university scientists have done a good job in this regard. they have developed a thermoelectric device, called the power felt, to gather power from heat, whether it originates from human body, roof tiles or even a wound wrap. to generate a charge, the power felt utilizes temperature differences between the body and outer area. in other words, if the device is put to generate power from human body heat, it creates the charge from the difference between the temperature of the body and the temperature of the room. the fabric - like device is made locking up tiny carbon nanotubes in flexible plastic fibers. well, this textile device can be designed to use inside a cloth or with anything that emits heat. according to corey hewitt, a graduate student of the wake forest, thermoelectrics has been an underdeveloped technology due to its high cost. scientists often refrained from harnessing thermoelectrics as it would cost heftily. moreover, the energy the technology can generate is meager in amount. even the power felt that has 72 stacked layers of nanotubes produces only 140 nano watts, which can do nothing to charge an iphone. gizmodo notes that 140 nano watts is only a millionth of energy an idle iphone requires. but, the early restraints won ’ t disgruntle the researchers at the center for nanotechnology and molecular materials. they are working further to enhance the thermoelectric material to produce more power. the scientists think covetously that the material can generate enough power to charge a smartphone, music player or medial equipment. the researchers are on way to enrich the material with more nanotube layers as well as to make it even slimmer and efficient. thermoelectric technology is already in use in cpu coolers, car seats and mobile refrigerators. in these applications, the technology is used not to produce electricity, but to eliminate heat and cool up the devices. here, thermoelectric technology makes use of a more efficient compound, named bismuth telluride, which costs $ 1, 000 per km. so the researchers think they can commercialize a thermoelectric cell phone cover for just $ 1. the fabric swatch can reproduce the heat emerging


| " all creatures great and small " | james herriot inspired many to become vets in millions of indians still live directly off animal husbandry. innovative application of modern veterinary science can help improve the lives of both the animals and their owners. want to become indias herriot? most people will have had some contact with vets either through the family pets, or on tv in the form of james herriot, the pen name of james alfred wight a british veterinary surgeon and writer. the work they do helping sick creatures will tug at the heartstrings. while these guys make it look easy, becoming a vet is seriously hard work. in fact, getting into a veterinary career is harder than becoming a doctor! until recently, vets have had to struggle against indifference to their profession in the developing world. but these days, the welfare of domestic animals is seen more positively as an essential part of rural development and an indication of a modern progressiveoutlook. the large majority of vets will end up working in private practice small operations, of between one and four animal doctors where family pets will be the mainstay of these businesses. most veterinary doctors, develop a particular area of expertise. as there are limited opportunities in areas of specialised research and breeding of animals in india, a majority of veterinarians choose to work in urban areas, where the work would mostly include the care and handling of domestic pets, or in the government ' s animal husbandry departments. as with a doctor handling the medical ailments of human beings, a veterinarian ' s work involves diagnosing the ailment of an animal, through physical and clinical examination, and the administration of appropriate medication. it also involves the timely administration of vaccines for preventing disease, and advising on matters of nutrition


flu ; flu / influenza ; grippe ; influenza ( flu ) ; influenza and colds influenza, or flu, is a respiratory infection caused by a variety of flu viruses. the most familiar aspect of the flu is the way it can " knock you off your feet " as it sweeps through entire communities. peppermint ( etym. piperita - mentha ) is a sterile hybrid mint, a cross between watermint and spearmint, with a high menthol content, often used in tea and confectionery. peppermint is the oldest and most popular flavour of mint flavored confectionery ( including chewing gum ). influenza as related to peppermint - soothing digestion with essential oils peppermint oil was standard symptomatic therapy of gastrointestinal upset in... inhibited or inactivated by peppermint oil : influenza a virus, herpes simplex,... - information on peppermint, bo he peppermint is said to be calming to the stomach and invigorating to the tissues.... flatulence, colds influenza, migraines. peppermint is also known... - database entry for peppermint - mentha piperita free online tropical plant database of over 100 rainforest medicinal plants including peppermint - mentha piperita influenza, influenza, or " flu, " is a caused by a virus infecting the respiratory system... peppermint ( mentha x piperita ) — like eucalyptus, peppermint is widely used to... common uses of peppermint : aromatic, carminative, anxiety ; antispasmodic, antiseptic, aids digestion, flatulence, colds influenza, migraines.... - peppermint tea oil mentha medicinal herb uses of all the mints, peppermint is now probably the most widely used of all, due to its high content of menthol. - peppermint ( mentha piperita ) gras ( generally recognized as safe ) list and whole herb peppermint has few side effects.... influenza, herpes and other viruses in vitro. aqueous extracts of peppermint. paula... - the peppermint plant and its natural health benefits the peppermint plant is a vigorous, aromatic, perennial herb that grows about two feet tall and spreads by runners that grow just under the soil surface. peppermint has many magical and


. - the peppermint plant and its natural health benefits the peppermint plant is a vigorous, aromatic, perennial herb that grows about two feet tall and spreads by runners that grow just under the soil surface. peppermint has many magical and therapeutic properties. learn about the many different uses of peppermint. - healing herbs - peppermint. therapeutic uses of peppermint. healing herbs - peppermint. therapeutic uses of peppermint.... to have a quiet sleep, it is recommended a cup of peppermint tea ( infusion ) in the evening before bedtime.... - experience the benefits of peppermint essential oil peppermint imparts a crisp, fresh, and exhilarating scent.... be used to treat a cold or influenza. this is one of the most effective ways of peppermint essential oil uses.... - the beneficial effects of peppermint essential oil peppermint essential oil ( botanical name - mentha piperita ) can be applied to a variety of physical ailments within the field of therapeutic aromatherapy.... - peppermint oil this page list peppermint oil products with details & specifications. contact peppermint oil companies directly to purchase from them.... - peppermint leaf - cut, organic - bulk herb store common names : peppermint, balm mint, brandy mint latin name : mentha piperita excerpts from the how to herb book peppermint is a delicious mild tea... - a modern herbal | mints providing botanical, folk - lore and herbal information, plus organic herbs, and herbal products.... romans crowned themselves with peppermint at their feasts and adorned... - nature ' s sunshine supplements pure peppermint oil peppermint can play a role in the treatment of ulcerative conditions of the bowels. it is a traditional treatment of fevers, colds and influenza.... - peppermint - mentha piperita - viable herbal solutions peppermint - mentha piperita - provides great comfort for those who suffer with menstrual cramps and pain. - herb data, peppermint, mentha piperita, brady mint, balm mint... peppermint is an excellent carminative, having a relaxing effect on the muscles of the... it is a traditional treatment of fevers, colds and influenza.... externally, peppermint oil or


in order to manage and protect groundwater, it is necessary to : evaluate the quality and quantity of groundwater that is available in the province ' s aquifers ; allocate the available groundwater amongst the various users ; protect the quality of groundwater by minimizing contamination from human activities ; and, monitor groundwater to track long - term trends in its quality and quantity and to assess the effectiveness of our groundwater management programs. some of the department ' s key groundwater management initiatives used to meet these objectives include ( details below ) : - groundwater resource evaluation - sustainable groundwater development - groundwater protection - groundwater monitoring groundwater resource evaluation the goal of groundwater resource evaluation is to provide an inventory of groundwater resources. this includes assessing both the quality and quantity of groundwater in the province ' s aquifers. the information gathered during groundwater resource evaluations is used to answer questions such as " how much groundwater is available? " and " what is the quality of the groundwater? ". groundwater resource evaluation is a key step in groundwater management because groundwater resources are not unlimited and, therefore, knowing how much groundwater is available helps to prevent over - exploitation and promotes sustainable development. groundwater resource evaluation studies began in nova scotia in the 1960 ' s and reports have been completed for approximately half of the province. view the list of available groundwater resource reports and maps. recently, the earth science sector of natural resources canada ( nrcan ), in partnership with nova scotia environment and labour, has carried out groundwater resource evaluations in two areas of nova scotia : cumberland county and the annapolis cornwallis valley. the first project, which was called the maritimes groundwater initiative ( mgwi ) project, covered areas in cumberland county, ns, as well as areas in new brunswick and pei. the mgwi reports are available for download at the nrcan publications page. the second project, which is called the annapolis cornwallis valley aquifer study ( acvas ), is currently in progress. view the preliminary results from the acvas project. sustainable groundwater development the goal of sustainable groundwater development is to ensure that groundwater use does not exceed the sustainable yield of the province ' s aquifers. the sustainable yield of an aquifer is defined as the total groundwater withdrawals that can be maintained indefinitely without causing unacceptable environmental, economic or social consequences. the sustainable aquifer yield is assumed to be no greater than 50 % of the annual aquifer recharge, unless it can be demonstrated that additional withdrawals will not cause unacceptable effects. the 50 % unallocated portion is retained to maintain base flow for


that have the potential to contaminate groundwater, such as septic systems and landfills. the department is also working with municipalities and stakeholders to protect municipal drinking water supplies, including both surface water and groundwater supplies. the five step process used to develop a source water protection plan in nova scotia is similar for groundwater and surface water supplies. the main difference occurs during step 2 ( pdf : 2. 2mb ) of the process, which involves delineating the wellhead protection area. wellhead protection areas in nova scotia to protect a groundwater supply, you must delineate the area that contributes water to the well so that potential sources of contamination can be identified and managed. the source water protection area surrounding the well or well field is called the wellhead protection area ( whpa ). the wellhead protection area ( whpa ) includes all or part of the of the area that contributes groundwater to the well field and is typically divided into several smaller zones that are used to manage different types of contaminants. the different zones in the whpa are based on the time it takes groundwater to travel to the well. zones that are closer to the well require a higher level of protection because there is a shorter distance to travel before groundwater reaches the well. in nova scotia, a minimum of three whpa zones are recommended, as follows : - zone 1 - ( 0 to 2 year travel time ). this zone is used to protect against microbial contaminants ( e. g., bacteria and viruses ) and all chemical contaminants. - zone 2 - ( 2 to 5 year travel time ). this zone is used to protect against all chemical contaminants, including persistent chemical contaminants ( e. g., chlorinated solvents, nitrates, road salt, etc. ) and non - persistent chemical contaminants ( e. g., petroleum hydrocarbons ). - zone 3 - ( 5 to 25 year travel time ). this zone is used to protect against persistent chemical contaminants ( e. g., chlorinated solvents, nitrates, road salt, etc. ). in addition to the zones defined above, it is also recommended that a " well site control zone " be established to protect the area immediately surrounding the well. this area, which is considered to be the wellhead itself, is used to protect against the day - to - day activities of the water utility and any other potential sources of contamination, including vandal


established to protect the area immediately surrounding the well. this area, which is considered to be the wellhead itself, is used to protect against the day - to - day activities of the water utility and any other potential sources of contamination, including vandalism. the well site control zone can be determined based on a simple fixed radius, which should be a minimum of 30 m. for wells that have been classified as groundwater under the direct influence of surface water ( pdf : 141k ) ( gudi ), there is potential for contaminants within the watershed to be rapidly carried to the well field by surface water, even if the contaminant sources are outside the 2 -, 5 -, or 25 - year groundwater travel times. therefore, for gudi wells, the land area within the watershed boundaries should also be included within the whpa. this approach ensures that the potential risk of contaminants migrating in surface water adjacent to a well field will be considered in the source water protection plan. because groundwater outside the watershed may also contribute water to the well field, the whpa zones should still be delineated for gudi wells. methods to delineate the wellhead protection area there are several methods available to delineate the whpa. the preferred method in nova scotia is numerical modelling using a computer model. when properly set up and calibrated with adequate field data, computed models provide the best method to accurately delineate the whpa. the department ' s groundwater monitoring programs are used to track long - term trends in groundwater quality and quantity and to assess the effectiveness of groundwater management programs. monitoring programs are an essential tool for checking on the status of the province ' s groundwater, assessing the impact of human activities on groundwater, and evaluating long - term groundwater trends associated with issues such as climate change. two of the department ' s key groundwater monitoring programs are : the nova scotia groundwater observation well network, which tracks groundwater levels and groundwater chemistry through a network of wells across the province ; and, the well water nitrate monitoring program, which monitors nitrate levels in approximately 150 private wells in kings county.


analyse and evaluate diverse sources ( examples : primary sources, secondary sources, maps, images, archaeological evidence ) in order to locate and interpret the ruins of the pre - deportation acadian community at grand - pre. develop a hypothesis about the location of the grand - pre parish church, sainte - charles - des - mines. a read the backgrounder that gives the pre - deportation historical context of the community of grand - pre by clicking on the story icon. click on the virtual excavation icon and then : click on the site to read about grand - pre national historic site of canada. click on the research question and read it. click on the historical evidence. read and evaluate the primary and secondary sources by answering the questions that your teacher has provided. ( the questions are also located at the bottom of the historical evidence page. you can print them out. ) click on the archaeological evidence and read the what is archaeology? backgrounder. conduct archaeological excavations within grand - pre national historic site by clicking on the archaeological site map. there are nine possible excavation sites on this map. examine the archaeological drawings and artifacts at each site and record your discoveries in your field notebook provided by your teacher. ( this is also located at the bottom of the archaeological evidence page. you can print it out. ) formulate a hypothesis and present it to your classmates as to the identities of the archaeological sites you have examined and the possible location of the church of saint - charles - des - mines church. see also : the story ; virtual excavation ; site report


on exhibit at the arthur m. sackler gallery one of the reasons i love exhibitions and museums is that they offer opportunities for storytelling and consequently, re - telling, as well. most museums today are progressive in the sense that they continue a tradition of scholarship and service for the enhancement of public education. while some museums favor presentation methods might be simple and direct, without many opportunities for interactives, they stimulate public interest through the stories in their objects and exhibitions. one such exhibition i had the chance to see recently was power play : china ’ s empress dowager, at the arthur m. sackler gallery at the smithsonian. the freer and sackler galleries at the smithsonian produce exhibitions on asian art and house the smithsonian ’ s asian art collection. this was a special exhibition on photographic prints from the glass plate negatives of the photos in the freer sackler collection. the exhibition itself is about the chinese dowager empress cixi, who is widely known through common history as the dominant political figure of the qing dynasty, from the 1860 ’ s until her death in the early 20th century. she was the regent to two successive emperors and was known to be a conservative and tough leader, earning her the monicker of “ dragon lady ”. the photographs that comprise the exhibition were part of a political campaign by the qing royal court to improve the empress ’ undesirable image. mainly given out as diplomatic gifts and also distributed throughout china ( most likely as propaganda for the qing court ), the portraits helped form the ubiqitous “ dragon lady ” we all known in popular culture, but are also windows into a dying lifestyle and the private life of an unparalleled female political figure. organized into five sections, the exhibition seeks to provide a deeper and more complex portrait of the empress by analyzing the subtle themes in each set of photographic prints. each set of themed photographs convey the intentions of cixi and her court through specific symbols and imagery. the photographs themselves were taken by a court photographer hired specifically for the task. the exhibition itself is not large and can easily be walked through in around an hour or so. the objects and sections were paced at just the right rhythm throughout the galleries. the design is also fairly straightforward, placing the greatest emphasis on the photographs and using graphics sparsely yet tastefully. each photograph was printed large - scale and gave off a very regal and impressive aura. the galleries were darkened with the chosen wall color, with little ambient light. a spotlight shaped to each portrait provided the illumination for the objects. the overall aura was


. each photograph was printed large - scale and gave off a very regal and impressive aura. the galleries were darkened with the chosen wall color, with little ambient light. a spotlight shaped to each portrait provided the illumination for the objects. the overall aura was very much like a dark room but somehow also gave off a sense of theatricality, which was very much in line with the taste of empress cixi. unlike most fine arts exhibitions, power play did away with individual object labels and instead opted for an overarching panel that provided an overview of the exhibition sections and also pointed out details in certain objects. this was an effective technique in my opinion as it allowed visitors to take more time to really spend time looking at the photographs and not feel obligated to read every label on the walls. the only graphics present in the exhibition were the section panels with the descriptions, and a large, loose wall hanging outside the exhibition exit that acted as a screen from the multimedia theater at the end of the exhibit. there was a very minimalist approach to the design, with the only semblance of ornamentation in the graphics being the seal of the empress imprinted on the graphic panels and exit screen. this i feel went well with the presentation of the photographs, and gave a very impressive, strong, and distinct presence. power play is a great example of an exhibition with simple objects and a minimalist presentation technique that could have a potentially large impact on the stories surrounding a familiar historical figure. i know that my personal perception of the last empress was illuminated in some way. hopefully more exhibitions like this can open avenues for discussion and stimulate interest in viewing history as a continuously changing part of the human experience.


are gamma rays? a gamma ray is a packet of electromagnetic energy - - a photon. gamma photons are the most energetic photons in the electromagnetic spectrum. gamma rays ( gamma photons ) are emitted from the nucleus of some unstable ( radioactive ) atoms. what are the properties of gamma radiation? gamma radiation is very radiation. gamma photons have about 10, 000 times as much energy as the photons in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. gamma photons have no mass and no electrical charge - - they are pure because of their high energy, gamma photons travel at the speed of light and can cover hundreds to thousands of meters in air before spending their energy. they can pass through many kinds of materials, including human tissue. very dense materials, such as lead, are commonly used as shielding to slow or stop gamma photons. their wave lengths are so short that they must be measured in nanometers, billionths of a meter. they range from 3 / 100ths to 3 / 1, 000ths of a nanometer. what is the difference between gamma rays and x - rays? gamma rays and x - rays, like visible, infrared, and ultraviolet light, are part of the electromagnetic spectrum. while gamma rays and x - rays pose the same hazard, they differ in their origin. gamma rays originate in the nucleus. x - rays originate in the electron fields surrounding the what conditions lead to gamma ray emission? emission occurs when the nucleus of a radioactive atom has too much energy. it often follows the emission of what happens during gamma provides an example of radioactive decay by gamma radiation. scientists think that a neutron transforms to a proton and a beta particle. the additional proton changes the atom to barium - 137. the nucleus ejects the beta particle. however, the nucleus still has too much energy and ejects a gamma photon ( gamma radiation ) to become more stable. how does gamma radiation change in the environment? gamma rays exist only as long as they have energy. once their energy is spent, whether in air or in solid materials, they cease to exist. the same is true for x - rays. how are people exposed to most people ' s primary source of gamma exposure is naturally occurring radionuclides, particularly potassium - 40, which is found in soil and water, as well as meats and high - potassium foods such as bananas. radium is also a source of gamma exposure. however, the increasing use of nuclear medicine ( e. g., bone, thyroid, and lung scans )


soil and water, as well as meats and high - potassium foods such as bananas. radium is also a source of gamma exposure. however, the increasing use of nuclear medicine ( e. g., bone, thyroid, and lung scans ) contributes an increasing proportion of the total for many people. also, some man - made radionuclides that have been released to the environment emit gamma rays. most exposure to gamma and x - rays is direct external exposure. most gamma and x - rays can easily travel several meters through air and penetrate several centimeters in tissue. some have enough energy to pass through the body, exposing all organs. x - ray exposure of the public is almost always in the controlled environment of dental and medical although they are generally classified as an external hazard, gamma emitting radionuclides do not have to enter the body to be a hazard. gamma emitters can also be inhaled, or ingested with water or food, and cause exposures to organs inside the body. depending on the radionuclide, they may be retained in tissue, or cleared via the urine or feces. does the way a person is exposed to gamma or x - rays matter? both direct ( external ) and internal exposure to gamma rays or x - rays are of concern. gamma rays can travel much farther than alpha or beta particles and have enough energy to pass entirely through the body, potentially exposing all organs. a large protion gamma radiation largely passes through the body without interacting with tissue - - the body is mostly empty space at the atomic level and gamma rays are vanishingly small in size. by contrast, alpha and beta particles inside the body lose all their energy by colliding with tissue and causing damage. x - rays behave in a similar way, but have slightly lower energy. gamma rays do not directly ionize atoms in tissue. instead, they transfer energy to atomic particles such as electrons ( which are essentially the same as beta particles ). these energized particles then interact with tissue to form ions, in the same way radionuclide - emitted alpha and beta particles would. however, because gamma rays have more penetrating energy than alpha and beta particles, the indirect ionizations they cause generally occur farther into tissue ( that is, farther from the source of radiation ).


become a fan of h2g2 people ask exactly what is ale? why do people go on about it so much? why is it only drunk by men with huge beer guts, silly beards and daft pipes? ale is simply this, the basic form of beer. nothing more, nothing less. it ' s just another style of beer, as lager or stout are styles of drink. the history of ale throughout english history ale is mentioned, usually in the same sentence as the words ' quaffing ' and ' amounts '. if ancient texts are to be believed, then the only drinks available throughout the dark ages were ale and mead. ale itself hasn ' t changed much since then, when it was probably at its peak of popularity, except that it ' s a lot thinner, clearer and weaker and made from different ingredients. ale is basically fermented maltose1. people in the dark ages boiled up a lot of malt, strained it, let it cool down and then added some bread to the remaining liquid so that the yeast in it would start the fermentation. a nice, simple process and everybody was doing it. however, men didn ' t brew ale, it was the women who did. brewing beer was seen as just another one of the household chores for the wife to do while the husband was off slaughtering people in the crusades. wives weren ' t so much chosen for their good looks back then. they were chosen for their abilities to cook, clean, have babies and brew beer. the word brewster, meaning a woman brewer, came into the english language after the word brewer, meaning a man who brews. for a man brewing was a job, but for a woman it was part of the housework. the first public houses came into being around the dark ages. for when the men weren ' t off dismembering the infidels they sat around getting drunk. soon the houses where the women brewed the best beer became gathering places. skipping forwards in time a couple of hundred years, you ' ll find something that ' s actually recognisable as a pub, except it probably had a brewery attached to the back of it. most pubs used to brew their own beer and if the beer was any good people travelled that little bit further to go there and the pub did a good trade. brewers became more adventurous with what they threw into the pot and when someone found out that hops were a great preservative as well as adding that bitter taste


people travelled that little bit further to go there and the pub did a good trade. brewers became more adventurous with what they threw into the pot and when someone found out that hops were a great preservative as well as adding that bitter taste, they soon were added to every ale. so as you can see, there is a lot of history behind ale as a drink and people, being people, like to cling onto the past. camra is a consumer group. a few blokes were sat in a pub one night in the 1970s having a few beers, as blokes do, and the conversation turned to how hard it was to get a decent pint. now, unlike most ideas that are thought of as good after a couple of beers, this one still seemed a good idea the following morning and so they decided to do something about it. landlords were talked to, letters were sent and other people became involved. the decline of ale in pubs slowed and turned. it wasn ' t till years later that some of the stereotypical people joined. so why is it real ale? quite simply because it ' s still alive. keg bitter, as opposed to real ale, has been filtered and pasteurised. in plain english, it ' s had all the bits taken out. it ' s like the difference between full - fat and skimmed milk in the sense thet they ' re both milk, but taste completely different. whilst in the cask in the cellar, real ale still has yeast and hop leaves floating in it. it looks cloudy and not really very appealing. but left for a day or two and all those bits settle to the bottom naturally, leaving behind only their flavour. real ale, as opposed to keg bitter, has more body. it tastes a bit fuller, a bit more complete, and in a way it is. so what goes into ale? you name it, it goes in - almost. the rumours that rats or joints of beef go in are unfounded. the basic ingredients in real ale are : - barley malt the not - so - basic ingredients that can be added in for flavour are : - sweet gale3 and others. basically if it ' s not poisonous you can stick it in a pint. and people do. ale isn ' t for everyone but as they saying goes, ' how do you know you don ' t like it until you ' ve tried it? ' with over 600 breweries producing in excess of 2000 different real ales in the uk


| reasons for procedure | possible complications | what to expect | call your doctor a thoracotomy is a surgery to open the chest wall. the surgery allows access to the lungs, throat, aorta, heart, and diaphragm. depending on the disease location, a thoracotomy may be done on the right or left side of the chest. sometimes, a small thoracotomy can be done in the front part of the chest. reasons for procedure a thoracotomy may be done to : - confirm diagnosis of a lung or chest disease - repair the heart or the vessels of the lung and heart - treat trachea ( windpipe ) disorders - remove a portion of the lung or the entire lung - treat esophagus ( throat ) disorders lung tissue that has collapsed due to disease or trauma - remove pus from the chest - remove blood clots from the chest if you are planning to have a thoracotomy, your doctor will review a list of possible complications, which may include : - damage to the organs in the chest - persistent pain ( only in a few cases ) - reaction to anesthesia - collection of air or gases in the chest factors that may increase the risk of complications include : - major trauma involving multiple body parts - heavy smoker or heart attack - chronic medical problems what to expect leading up to surgery : talk to your doctor about your medicines. you may be asked to stop taking some medicines up to one week before the procedure, like : or other anti - inflammatory drugs blood thinners, such as - you may be asked to use an enema to clear your digestive system. - do not eat or drink anything after midnight. - to minimize complications, stop smoking at least 2 - 3 weeks before surgery. you will be placed on your side with your arm elevated. an incision will be made between two ribs, from front to back. the chest wall will then be opened. in some cases, the doctor may take a different approach. the doctor can then do whatever procedure needs to be done in the open chest. once the procedure is done, one or more chest tubes will be placed. the tubes will make sure that blood or air does not collect in the chest. the chest wall will be closed. the incision is closed with stitches or staples and bandaged to prevent infection. drainage tubes and incision after thoracotomy copyright © nucleus medical media, inc. you will be sent to the intensive care unit for recovery. you will be monitored closely.


persistent blood in the urine in case of an emergency, call for medical help right away. athanassiadi k, kakaris s, theakos n, skottis i. muscle - sparing versus posterolateral thoracotomy : a prospective study. eur j cardiothorac surg. 2007 ; 31 : 496 - 500. levy mh, chwistek m, mehta rs. management of chronic pain in cancer survivors. cancer j. 2008 nov - dec ; 14 ( 6 ) : 401 - 409. ohbuchi t, morikawa t, takeuchi e, kato h. lobectomy : video - assisted thoracic surgery versus posterolateral thoracotomy. jpn j thorac cardiovasc surg. 1998 jun ; 46 ( 6 ) : 519 - 22. saint mary ' s hospital, saginaw website. available at : http : / / www. hospitalsoup. com / rn / asp / hospitalid. 11842 / pt / hospitaldetails3. asp. accessed october 14, 2005. university of southern california, cardiothoracic surgery website. available at : http : / / www. cts. usc. edu / videoassistedthoracoscopicsurgery. html. accessed june 15, 2007. wildgaard k, ravn j, kehlet h. chronic post - thoracotomy pain : a critical review of pathogenic mechanisms and strategies for prevention. eur j cardiothorac surg. 2009 jul ; 36 ( 1 ) : 170 - 180. review. last reviewed october 2012 by marcin chwistek, md please be aware that this information is provided to supplement the care provided by your physician. it is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. call your healthcare provider immediately if you think you may have a medical emergency. always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. copyright © ebsco publishing. all rights reserved.


section 169 of allergy also known as allergic hypersensitivity, is the damage to normal tissues, the immune system response. it is the same on the mechanism of function of the body similar to the normal defense, but hypersensitivity may have some body damage. therefore, the composition of the immune system ( see section 16 ) the normal defense of the antibodies, lymphocytes and other cells are involved in allergic reactions, such as transfusion reactions, autoimmune diseases, organ transplant rejection. most people use the word allergy, refers to immunoglobulin e ( ige ) antibodies in response. ige antibody binding with specific cell, including blood circulating basophils and tissue macrophages. when ige antibodies and antigens within these cells when combined, called allergens, may promote the release of these cells could damage surrounding tissue chemicals. almost all substances can be allergens : dust, pollen, drugs or food, they are used as antigen to stimulate the body to produce the immune response. sometimes, using the term atopic disease to describe a group of hereditary ige - mediated diseases such as allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma, they are called atopic diseases because some of these patients inhaling harmful substances such as pollen, mold, animal dander, dust mites is easy to produce ige antibodies after. eczema are atopic diseases, and ige antibodies in the role of the disease in not clear ( see section 194 ). however, atopic patients in the injection of allergen, such as drug or insect toxin production is not increased risk of ige antibodies. uneven performance of allergy, most people just tears increased, eye itching, or sneezing, severe, there may be difficulty in breathing, heart failure, low blood pressure, leading to life - threatening shock. this type of reaction often referred to as allergic reactions, allergies may occur in response to different situations, such as eating certain foods, taking a drug or bee stings shortly after onset. due to allergy multi - induction by some allergen, so the key is to determine the diagnosis of allergen. allergens may be seasonal plants or their products, such as grass or pollen ; may be other substances such as cat dander, drugs or food. the allergen contact with the skin, into the eyes, is inhaled, ingested or injected into the body can cause allergic reactions after. carefully by doctors and patients often find the


be other substances such as cat dander, drugs or food. the allergen contact with the skin, into the eyes, is inhaled, ingested or injected into the body can cause allergic reactions after. carefully by doctors and patients often find the allergen can be found. relevant inspection can determine whether the allergy symptoms can be determined according to the relevant allergen. blood tests can be found eosinophilia, these cells are a kind of white blood cells, often when the increase in allergy. allergen with a radioactive assay ( rast ) ( referred to as ria ) detection of certain allergens in ige antibody levels to help diagnose skin allergy, seasonal allergic rhinitis or allergic asthma. skin test for identification of specific allergen useful. is : a small amount from the trees, grass, pollen, animal dander, insect toxins, food, or certain drugs diluted extracts were injected into the test by the skin. if one of these substances in one or more allergies, in a solution of 15 to 20 minutes after injection of the injection site edema within groups like the wind ( the wind around the flushing group like mass. ) ria can be used in skin test or can not be unsafe in patients with skin test, both methods have high specificity and accuracy, while the skin test the accuracy of the higher, and less expensive, can quickly know the result. avoid contact with allergens is more important than the treatment of allergy. avoid contact with allergens causing allergic drug should be discontinued ; installation of air conditioners with filters ; the pets in the house ; do not eat the food allergies ; allergic to the work environment should be a job change. seasonal changes should reflect the serious people should move to allergen - free areas. other measures include reducing exposure to allergens, such as dust allergies, can not easily dust the furniture, carpets and curtains ; mattress pads and pillows covered with plastic film ; to clean the house and mopping the floors ; air conditioner reduce indoor humidity to the growth of dust mites is not easy ; installation of high efficiency air filters. some allergens, in particular allergen in the air is hard to avoid, doctors can block allergic reactions in some ways, also available drugs alleviate the symptoms. allergen desensitization therapy when a time is difficult to avoid allergens, allergen desensitization therapy ( desensiti


to avoid, doctors can block allergic reactions in some ways, also available drugs alleviate the symptoms. allergen desensitization therapy when a time is difficult to avoid allergens, allergen desensitization therapy ( desensitization injections ) be regarded as a treatment option. method : begin with small doses of allergen injected into the skin, and then gradually increase the dose to maintenance dose. the ways to stimulate the body to produce closed to prevent allergy or neutralizing antibodies. eventually, the blood ige antibody titer decreased after antigen binding. desensitization therapy should be cautious, because exposure to high levels of allergens in itself will produce allergic too. while many people have experienced desensitization therapy, but studies have shown that its role, the cost - benefit ratio and dangerous - better than not satisfactory, for some people, certain allergies and effective, while others may be poor. this treatment commonly used in those pollen, dust mites, animal dander, insect toxins and allergies, while those of food allergies is usually not recommended because of the risk of allergic reactions. such as to adhere to continuous injection of the best. beginning of treatment, weekly injections 1 and gradually increased to maintenance dose, and then transition to the injection of 4 to 6 weeks 1. because desensitization can occur after injection adverse reactions, generally require patients to observe the injection of at least 20 minutes, where there is sneezing, coughing, skin flushing, tingling, itching, gas tight, asthma or urticaria, the tips are allergic occurred, such as mild symptoms may be given antihistamines such as diphenhydramine, chlorpromazine to control symptoms ; serious reactions are required injection of adrenaline. antihistamine commonly used to treat allergy medication ( not for asthma ). there are two kinds of histamine receptors in vivo : histamine 1 ( h1 ) and histamine 2 ( h2 ). commonly referred to as h1 receptor antihistamines is closed to the drug, the receptors are stimulated by histamine can result in target tissue damage. h1 and h2 can not be confused with the two receptor antagonists, h2 receptor antagonist treatment of duodenal ulcer and acid reflux key. many minor allergy symptoms such as itching, runny nose and itchy skin are caused by histamine release. histamine caused by the more serious


h2 receptor antagonist treatment of duodenal ulcer and acid reflux key. many minor allergy symptoms such as itching, runny nose and itchy skin are caused by histamine release. histamine caused by the more serious symptoms : shortness of breath, hypotension, laryngeal edema due to airway obstruction. the role of all antihistamines are similar, and their side effects are quite different. response after treatment with the drugs used in different types and different patients, such as some antihistamines have strong sedative effect, others are not, and the sensitivity of this effect is different. sometimes used to treat side effects of drugs, such as certain antihistamines have anticholinergic effects, can cause mucosal drying, this side effect can be used to treat runny nose caused by colds. some non - prescription antihistamines, with short - acting, but also release agent, which can be used in conjunction with a vasoconstrictor to relieve nasal congestion ( see section 13 ). other antihistamines require a prescription and used under medical supervision. most antihistamines cause drowsiness, it is because they have a strong sedative effect, these drugs often non - active ingredients of prescription sleeping pills. most antihistamines have strong anticholinergic effects, may cause confusion, dizziness, dry mouth, constipation, difficulty urinating, blurred vision, especially the elderly prone ( see section 9 ), but most adverse reactions will not occur, so you can use the price of sleepiness than the role of non - prescription anti - histamine is much cheaper than the non - prescription drugs. in order to reduce the drowsiness and other side effects of antihistamines without affecting the efficacy of medication usually start small dose and gradually increase to the effective dose. at present, a variety of non - drowsiness and anticholinergic side effects of antihistamines available, including : astemizole, cetirizine, loratadine and terfenadine. the type of allergy allergy is generally based on the cause, affected body parts and other features for classification. allergic rhinitis is a common type of allergy, it is a certain air of particles such as pollen and grass allergies caused by particles, as well as mold, dust and animal dander, etc., expressed as sneezing, nasal


the symptoms, you need to use prescription steroid sprays, the drug has significant effect, almost no side effects. if the above measures are ineffective, should be short ( no more than 10 days ) of oral corticosteroids to control severe symptoms. for patients with drug - induced serious side effects, often have oral corticosteroids in the development of asthma patients or patients should be desensitization treatment, a series of allergy desensitization injections to prevent the onset of symptoms ( see section 13 ). desensitization treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis should be a few months before the pollination season begins. perennial allergic rhinitis perennial allergic rhinitis ( par ) of the symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis were similar, but symptoms of perennial allergic rhinitis light when the heavy, difficult to predict, can occur in any season. allergen of the disease may be dust mites, feathers, animal dander or mold. clinical manifestations of conjunctivitis is not common, often stuffy nose, causing eustachian tube obstruction, resulting in hearing loss, especially in children. identification and sinusitis and nasal polyps should be ( see section 213 ). sinusitis and nasal polyps may be complications of allergic rhinitis. certain chronic rhinitis, sinusitis, nasal polyps in patients with allergen skin test was negative, a large number of eosinophils in nasal secretions, these people with aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drugs are susceptible to severe reactions. difficult to treat these people is a serious asthma attack, the performance of this adverse reaction. such a reaction should avoid the use of non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs. chronic nasal congestion, runny nose but no sinusitis, nasal polyps or other causes of allergies may suffer from varying degrees of atrophic rhinitis, it is not caused by the allergic reaction ( see section 213 ). if can find specific allergen, the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis and seasonal rhinitis is very similar. although not in favor of oral corticosteroids, but corticosteroid nasal spray is very effective. non - prescription decongestant nose drops or sprays should not exceed a few days to use as more than a week will cause a rebound effect, so that aggravated or persistent nasal inflammation. nasal polyps and sinusitis sometimes require


effective. non - prescription decongestant nose drops or sprays should not exceed a few days to use as more than a week will cause a rebound effect, so that aggravated or persistent nasal inflammation. nasal polyps and sinusitis sometimes require surgery. allergic conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjunctiva allergy. conjunctiva that covers the inside of the eyelids and ocular surface layer of fine film. most people allergic conjunctivitis is a part of allergy syndrome, such as seasonal allergic rhinitis. however, there may also be separate components such as with air - borne pollen, mold spores, dust or animal dander direct contact with people. onset of conjunctival edema, itchy eyes, a lot of tears. certain drugs, cosmetics ( such as eye shadow, foundation ) or after chemical into the eyes can cause allergic reactions, it often involving the skin around the eyes, is a contact dermatitis. the main treatment for allergic conjunctivitis is an oral antihistamine, antihistamines can also be together with a vasoconstrictor eye drops to reduce congestion. sometimes antihistamines itself or other substances in solution can aggravate allergies, so the general idea of oral administration. if the estimated exposure to allergens the patient may be used to prevent allergic reactions to cromolyn sodium eye drops. corticosteroid eye drops can be used for more serious cases, but can cause some complications such as glaucoma. corticosteroid eye drops used during the intraocular pressure should be measured regularly. wash with a small irritant agents such as artificial tears wash the eyes, reduce eye irritation. avoid substances can cause allergic reactions. during the onset should stop wearing contact lenses. when these therapies can not get satisfactory results, we recommend use of desensitization therapy. food allergy and intolerance food allergy is an allergic reaction occurred in a particular food. in most cases ill after eating a certain food, no allergic reactions, are on food intolerance. many non - food allergies due to various causes, a certain food intolerance, for example, some people lack the enzymes to digest certain foods. if digestive intolerance to certain foods, there will be indigestion, flatulence, nausea, diarrhea or other problems. allergic reactions usually do not have such symptoms. there are many so


enzymes to digest certain foods. if digestive intolerance to certain foods, there will be indigestion, flatulence, nausea, diarrhea or other problems. allergic reactions usually do not have such symptoms. there are many so - called food allergy controversial claims, such as the children ' s hyperactivity caused by chronic fatigue and arthritis, poor sports performance, depression and so attributed to food allergy is unfounded. food allergy is common in infancy, especially in a atopic diseases ( such as allergic rhinitis or allergic asthma ) a family history of babies. initial performance may be eczema. eczema may be associated with or without nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and other gastrointestinal symptoms, which may or may not be caused by food allergies, eczema to 1 year old may have been not a major problem. children have food allergies, with age, there may occur other atopic diseases, including allergic asthma and seasonal allergic rhinitis. however, adults and children over 10 years of age, even if the skin test was positive relationship between food allergy and respiratory symptoms is not. some of the special food allergens, particularly nuts, beans, seeds and shellfish can be severe allergic reactions. of these people even though consumption of food allergy may also occur extremely small amount of the reaction, expressed as body rash, laryngeal edema and obstruction and breathing difficulties. a sudden drop in blood pressure, leading to syncope and collapse. this is called acute life - threatening allergies. some people only eat the food allergic reactions appear immediately after exercise. food additives can cause food allergy or intolerance symptoms. certain foods contain toxins or chemical substances ( eg histamine ), which can cause non - allergic adverse reactions, such as monosodium glutamate ( msg ) does not cause allergic reactions. there are reports of sulfate ( as a food preservative, such as the focus of sulfite ) and dyes ( such as tartrazine, a yellow dye can be used for candy, soft drinks and commercially prepared food ) sensitive person, after exposure to such substances causing asthma and urticaria. others, after eating certain foods can cause migraines. food allergy and intolerance symptoms are usually very clear, but that the strict distinction between the two is not easy. some adults for many oral intake of allergens through the digestive prevent allergic


eating certain foods can cause migraines. food allergy and intolerance symptoms are usually very clear, but that the strict distinction between the two is not easy. some adults for many oral intake of allergens through the digestive prevent allergic reactions. for example, asthma baker baker at work due to inhalation of dust caused by flour or other grains, but he does not eat the food allergies. skin test can help diagnose food allergies ; positive skin test result does not mean that a food allergy of some sort ; negative is unlikely to have food allergies. if the positive results of oral provocation test should be further for the upcoming suspected food hidden in the carrier food such as milk or apple sauce in the food to the subjects. if symptoms do not occur, indicating that not allergic to that food. the best single - blind challenge test method, the carrier to the subjects to eat foods with or without suspicious food, which is more helpful to determine whether its true allergy. exclusion diet can help identify cause of allergies. subjects to stop eating may cause symptoms of food, after eating a food from time to time. doctors to develop recipes, must be strictly observed, the use of pure products. to achieve these requirements is not easy, because many food ingredients in other foods such as wheat flour, rye bread often. in addition to doctor ' s recipe, but can not eat other foods and beverages. not in favor of the restaurant dining, because the subjects ( and doctors ) must know each meal to eat all the food ingredients. in addition to stop eating the food allergies, there is no specific effective treatment, especially those severe allergic reaction after eating, such as skin rashes, mouth and laryngeal edema or shortness of breath patients should avoid contact with food allergies. with a small amount of food or food extract under the tongue of the desensitization therapy droplets not ideal. prevention of food allergy with antihistamines practicality is not high, but the acute allergic reactions such as urticaria or angioedema who have a certain effect. allergic reaction is an acute, systemic, severe to even life - threatening allergy, some in patients previously sensitized allergen exposure to the same allergen again occurs when. allergic reactions caused by various allergens, the most common are drugs, insect bites, certain foods, or desensitization injections. first contact with the allergen does not occur


exposure to the same allergen again occurs when. allergic reactions caused by various allergens, the most common are drugs, insect bites, certain foods, or desensitization injections. first contact with the allergen does not occur when the allergic reaction. for example, the initial contact with penicillin or bee stings does not produce allergic reactions, and exposure may occur again. but most people do not know when the first contact with a certain allergen. when the allergen into the blood reacts with the ige class of antibodies produced after the beginning of an allergic reaction. this response stimulated cells to release histamine and other substances involved in immune inflammatory response, followed, pulmonary bronchoconstriction, causing difficulty in breathing ; vascular dilation caused by decreased blood pressure ; increased vascular permeability, causing exudate, edema, and urticaria ; cardiac dysfunction, arrhythmia and cardiac output is inadequate ; the final cause shock ( see section 24 ). anaphylactoid - like reaction with an allergic reaction similar to, but can occur after the initial injection of certain drugs ( such as polymyxin, some of the contrast agent. ) it is not ige antibodies in the pathogenesis, therefore, does not belong to allergic reactions. some people, especially those of perennial allergic rhinitis and nasal polyps may be due to aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drugs cause anaphylactoid - like reaction. symptoms of allergic reaction to allergens in contact with immediately or within 2 hours after emergence. the patient feels discomfort, irritability, palpitations, trembling, flushing of skin itching, ringing in the ears, coughing, sneezing, urticaria, edema, or airway obstruction caused by asthma and breathing difficulties, can not appear in the case of respiratory symptoms cardiovascular system failure. usually an allergic reaction may occur in the event of cardiovascular or respiratory symptoms, but symptoms of the two systems are not simultaneous, multiple allergic reactions of people, each attack symptoms are often similar. allergic reaction process is very fast, can quickly lead to collapse, convulsions, incontinence, loss of consciousness, 1 to 2 minutes of stroke. unless immediate emergency treatment, or allergic reactions often lead to death. bee stings are allergic reaction occurred after a history of people, stung again after the same reaction will occur. other allergens, such as drugs, also the same. general


. unless immediate emergency treatment, or allergic reactions often lead to death. bee stings are allergic reaction occurred after a history of people, stung again after the same reaction will occur. other allergens, such as drugs, also the same. general medicine before the skin test every time is unrealistic, however, animal serum ( eg, taken from martinique, tetanus antitoxin ) or a history of penicillin allergy, the use of these drugs should be made before the skin test. can not be avoided for some people allergic to allergens such as insect sting allergies long - term desensitization treatment can prevent allergic reactions. desensitization therapy is not used to avoid contact with allergens, such as penicillin or other drugs. if you must use some drugs ( such as penicillin or prepared from horse serum antitoxin ), the diagnosis should be under intensive care room or hospital for rapid desensitization. some people on the x - ray contrast agents used in some of the history of allergy. doctors should try to avoid using this contrast agent, but must be used, can be difficult to cause the reaction of special contrast agents. in addition, the use of contrast agent may be able to block the allergic reaction before taking the drugs, such as prednisone, diphenhydramine, ephedrine. treatment of choice for anaphylaxis is epinephrine injection. after insect stings are allergic or allergic to certain foods, especially allergic reactions and shock people, should always bring their own syringes and epinephrine, to prepare for emergency use. can be blocked by the above method is usually an allergic reaction, allergic reactions, but all people should be sent to the hospital as soon as possible, because of the need intensive care cardiovascular and respiratory systems, and may prompt further treatment. urticaria ( hives ) that appear in the skin of the small, pale or red swelling plaques. and urticaria related, sometimes it also occurs as a symptom of blood vessels ( nerves ), edema, which appears larger and deeper involvement of the subcutaneous tissue. both are a type of allergic reaction, confined to the skin and subcutaneous tissue. cause may be related to allergens, drug - related or of unknown etiology. common variable should be the original : drugs, insect stings or bites, desensitization injections and certain foods, especially eggs, oysters


tissue. cause may be related to allergens, drug - related or of unknown etiology. common variable should be the original : drugs, insect stings or bites, desensitization injections and certain foods, especially eggs, oysters, nuts and fruit. sometimes eat small amounts of food will be immediately urticaria, sometimes eating a certain food in a large number ( such as strawberries ) later. urticaria can also be infected, such as hepatitis, infectious mononucleosis and rubella syndrome after. repeated attacks over several weeks or months of urticaria is difficult to clear cause ; sometimes never find special reasons, and occasionally long - term use of certain unconscious food additives, drugs or other chemicals might be involved. for example, preservatives, dyes and other food additives, a very small amount of penicillin in milk ( treatment cow disease ) and certain non - prescription drugs. a small number of chronic diseases ( such as systemic lupus erythematosus, polycythemia vera, lymphoma, hyperthyroidism, or infection ) and urticaria simultaneous. although psychological factors suspected, but not confirmed. certain drugs such as aspirin can aggravate symptoms of urticaria. urticaria caused by the aspirin in patients with other non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen or tartrazine ( a food or drug dye ) also appear similar to the response. not associated with urticaria, angioedema may be a known as hereditary angioedema disease. symptoms and diagnosis itching, urticaria is often the first symptoms, followed in the skin smooth, convex than the surrounding skin, redness or paleness of the wind group, usually small ( < 12mm ). when the wind head of the large ( up to 20cm ), in the central area of the rash may fade it a ring. urticaria wheal can suddenly and abruptly fade, appear at a particular subsided after a few hours, and then and maybe in other places. vascular edema, the edema may be larger depth of subcutaneous tissue, sometimes involving the hands, feet, eyelids, lips or genitals, or even the mouth, throat, airway mucosa, causing breathing difficulties. if the hives appear and quickly disappear very quickly, no relapse, do not have to go to hospital. in addition to apparently caused by some


with urticaria. many patients have nausea, vomiting and gastrointestinal spasm, the most serious complication was upper respiratory tract edema, can cause breathing difficulties. detection of cl inhibitor in the blood levels and activity can be confirmed. aminocaproic acid is sometimes used to terminate the disease onset. it may also be used epinephrine, antihistamines and corticosteroids, but not yet confirmed the efficacy of these drugs. if patients with acute attack of airway obstruction soon, should be immediately given to tracheal intubation. some treatment can prevent the onset of the disease, for example, suffering from hereditary angioedema in carrying out minor surgery or dental treatment to increase the input of fresh blood plasma levels of cl inhibitor. you can also use purified cl inhibitor to prevent the onset of the disease, but this method is not yet universal. for long - term prevention, may be oral synthetic steroid hormones ( androgens ), such as stanozolol or danazol to help stimulate the body to produce cl inhibitor. because these drugs have side effects masculine, so women patients should be careful to take the dose and close monitoring. mastocytosis is due to the accumulation of mast cells in the skin, and sometimes other parts of the body caused by the accumulation of the disease. mast cells produce histamine in a cell immune response. mastocytosis is the most common type common type, it is often limited to the skin, especially children, also can affect other organs such as stomach, intestine, liver, spleen, lymph nodes and bone. the type of the disease is rare and some serious blood disease ( such as acute leukemia, lymphoma, chronic neutropenia or myeloproliferative disorders ), or with some serious disease ( mast cell leukemia, recurrent urticaria coloring ) related. 90 % of the common type and other types of less than 50 % of patients with mastocytosis urticaria pigmentosa, it is a small, red - brown small spots distributed in the body, rubbing or scratching the hives often appear and skin flushing. unknown etiology mastocytosis, mast cells in a few years more and more the symptoms gradually worsened, but after drug treatment can control symptoms for many years. some patients with joint and bone pain, which suggests there may have serious allergic reaction, including symptoms similar to allergic reactions. may also occur in patients with gastric ulcer


the symptoms gradually worsened, but after drug treatment can control symptoms for many years. some patients with joint and bone pain, which suggests there may have serious allergic reaction, including symptoms similar to allergic reactions. may also occur in patients with gastric ulcer and chronic diarrhea, which is excessive because the stomach caused by histamine. the treatment of mastocytosis requires two antihistamines : h1 receptor antagonist for the treatment of allergy ; h2 receptor antagonist for the treatment of stomach ulcers. if the disease associated with certain serious diseases, the treatment more complicated. physical allergy is due to some physical stimulus, such as cold, sunlight, heat, or minor injuries caused by allergy symptoms. skin itching, rash, and urticaria are the most common symptoms of this disease, and sometimes breathing difficulties. reaction is too strong of sunlight ( photosensitivity ) can cause hives and rashes are not common ( see section 205 ). photosensitivity can be a result of taking certain medications or certain substances induce skin smear. particularly sensitive to heat may occur called cholinergic urticaria, is a small, itching, and wind groups independent of each other, surrounded by a circle flush. cholinergic urticaria can appear in the movement, emotional stress or other causes sweating after the event. people particularly sensitive to cold, exposure can occur in the cold urticaria, edema, asthma, or runny nose, nasal congestion and so on. the best of physical allergy treatment is to avoid any factors that can cause allergies. symptomatic patients should stop using cosmetics, creams, lotions and skin care oil for some time to see if these substances increase due to allergy. antihistamines such as diphenhydramine, cyproheptadine, or hydroxyzine can ease itching. cyproheptadine urticaria due to cold best, and hydroxyzine on the emotional tension is caused by urticaria best. people who are allergic to sunlight sunscreens should be used to reduce sunlight exposure. some people exercise can cause asthma or acute allergic reactions. movement is exercise - induced asthma, a type of abnormal allergic reactions. exercise - induced asthma can often occur in old people with asthma may also occur in people who no such history. in strenuous exercise 5 to 10 minutes after his tight chest feeling, while wheezing, difficulty breathing, the typical onset is after the motion stops.


saturday, sept. 1 ( healthday news ) - - packing nutritious and fun school lunches can help children achieve and maintain a healthy weight. here are some tips for parents from dr. william gillespie, a pediatrician and chief medical officer at new york city - based emblemhealth. - give your children a choice. if they get to decide what ' s in their lunch, they ' re more likely to eat it. just make sure their choices are all healthy, such as apples, bananas, carrots or celery. - add dip to make vegetables more fun for kids. a quick dip can be made with plain non - fat yogurt and garlic powder ( or any other seasoning your child likes ). - make mini - kabobs by cubing low - sodium deli chicken or turkey and low - fat cheese. place the cubes on pretzel sticks. you can also use grape tomatoes and green grapes. - use whole - wheat bread instead of white bread. whole - wheat pita or tortillas are other healthy options. let your child make a " face " on their sandwich with ingredients such as hummus, low - fat cream cheese and cut - up vegetables. presentation makes a difference in how much food appeals to kids, gillespie noted. children are more likely to eat things in smaller, bite - size pieces or slices. slice sandwiches into four squares. cut up an apple or create a fruit cup with pieces of different melons. when it comes to warm foods in a thermos, try a healthy macaroni and cheese with whole - wheat pasta and some small broccoli florets. a three - bean chili with carrots and zucchini is another healthy option. make sure your child ' s lunch includes a good source of calcium, such as yogurt, smoothies, low - fat string cheese or low - fat milk. water is a better choice than sugary drinks such as juices and sodas. if your child likes something crunchy, give them baked chips, low - fat popcorn or whole - grain crackers. ask if your child ' s school has restrictions on what students are allowed to bring for lunch. for example, many schools don ' t allow peanut butter. remember to use an ice pack to keep cold foods cold. the american academy of pediatrics has more about childhood nutrition. source : emblemhealth, aug. 24, 2012, news release copyright © 2013 healthday. all rights reserved. healthdaynews articles


chlorine dioxide chemistry – lenntech, mms chlorine dioxide chemistry the discovery of clo2 has largely been credited to sir humphrey davy, who, in 1814, created the compound by mixing sulfuric acid with potassium chlorate. since its discovery, researchers have found that clo2 shares some common characteristics with chlorine. specifically, clo2 is a greenish - yellowish gas with a chlorine - like odor that is irritating to the eyes, nose, and throat. apart from these very limited similarities, however, it has been learned that clo2 exhibits physical and chemical properties that are dramatically different from those of chlorine, even though it contains a chlorine atom in its molecular structure. one of the most important properties of clo2 that sets it apart from chlorine is its behavior when placed in water. not only is clo2 10 times more soluble in water than chlorine ( 3. 01 grams / liter at 25 degrees c ), it doesn ’ t hydrolyze when placed in solution. it remains as a “ true ” dissolved gas that retains its useful oxidative and biocidal properties throughout the entire 2 to 10 ph range. by way of contrast, chlorine dissociates when placed in water to form hypochlorous and hydrochloric acids. hypochlorous acid is the primary biocide in solution, which dissociates to form hypochlorite ion with increasing ph. hypochlorite ion is only from 1 / 20 to 1 / 300 as effective in controlling microbes as hypochlorous acid. thus, chlorine can only be an effective biocide in systems with low ph. the high degree of solubility exhibited by clo2 in water has also been observed in a variety of organic materials, such as oils and solvents, thereby allowing for utilization of its unique oxidative and biocidal properties in a wide range of potential applications. molecular properties & oxidation clo2 is a small, volatile, and very strong molecule that reacts with other substances by way of oxidation rather than by substitution ( i. e. chlorination ). clo2 has lower oxidation strength than chlorine, but more than twice the oxidative capacity. oxidation strength describes how strongly an oxidizer will react with an “ oxidizable ” substance. the higher its oxidation strength, the more substances the oxidant compound will react with. cl


but more than twice the oxidative capacity. oxidation strength describes how strongly an oxidizer will react with an “ oxidizable ” substance. the higher its oxidation strength, the more substances the oxidant compound will react with. clo2 is comparatively weak, and has a lower oxidation potential than ozone, chlorine or even hypochlorous acid. oxidation capacity refers to the number of electrons transferred during an oxidation or reduction reaction. the chlorine atom in the clo2 molecule has an oxidation number of + 4. for this reason clo2 accepts 5 electrons when reduced to chloride ion. by way of comparison, clo2 contains 263 percent ‘ available chlorine, ’ which is more than 2. 5 times the oxidation capacity of chlorine. because clo2 has lower oxidation strength, it is more selective in its reactions. typically, clo2 will only react with compounds that have activated carbon bonds such as phenols, or with other active compounds like sulfides, cyanides, and reduced iron and manganese compounds. chlorine is a more powerful oxidizer that clo2, and will react with a wider variety of chemicals, including ammonia. this property limits its overall effectiveness as a biocide. conversely, because clo2 has more oxidative capacity compared to ozone or chlorine, less clo2 is required to obtain an active residual concentration of the material when used as a disinfectant. an effective biocide the propensity of clo2 to react by oxidation rather than substitution makes it a useful alternative to chlorine in drinking water disinfection applications where the formation of potentially carcinogenic halogenated disinfection byproducts, such as triholomethanes and halogenated acidic acids, is of concern. additionally, clo2 does not produce significant amounts of aldehydes, ketons, keton acids, or other disinfection byproducts that originate from ozonation of water containing organic substances. the reaction of clo2 with microorganisms or other oxidizable substances takes place in two steps. in the first stage of the reaction, the clo2 molecule accepts an electron and chlorite ion is formed ( clo2 - ). in the second stage, clo2 accepts 4 electrons and chloride ion ( cl - ) is formed. the mechanism of action by which clo2 inactivates


an electron and chlorite ion is formed ( clo2 - ). in the second stage, clo2 accepts 4 electrons and chloride ion ( cl - ) is formed. the mechanism of action by which clo2 inactivates microorganisms is not entirely well understood. as a general matter, however, it is known that clo2 destroys microbes by attacking their cell walls ( or viral envelopes ) and interfering with essential protein formation. it is also known that clo2 is more effective against viruses than either chlorine or ozone. furthermore, clo2 is known to be effective against hearty waterborne protozoans such as giardia lambia and cryptosporidium, the causative agents of giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis, respectively. since clo2 is an oxidative biocide, microorganisms cannot build up a resistance to it. because clo2 always exists as a true gas under standard conditions of temperature and pressure, whether in open air or dissolved in solution, its antimicrobial properties can be harnessed for either liquid or gaseous application. the “ free radical ” property of clo2 makes it particularly useful for addressing structural microbial contamination problems. liquid clo2 solution can be applied directly to known areas of microbial contamination, or entire contaminated structures can be fumigated with the gas by simply stripping it back out of solution at the point of application. once applied, clo2 quickly decays on its own to invisible, harmless concentrations of various sodium salts including chlorite, chlorate, and chloride ion.


you may think germs are something you don ' t have to worry about — only the people selling toilet cleaners on tv are concerned with germs. but germs are tiny organisms that can cause disease — and they ' re so small that they can creep into your system without you noticing. you even need a microscope to see them. to stay healthy, it helps to give some thought to germs. the term germs is really just a generic word for four different types of organisms : bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. bacteria are tiny, single - celled organisms that are found throughout nature, including in the bodies of human beings. a certain number of bacteria are good for our bodies — they help keep the digestive system in working order and keep harmful bacteria from moving in. some bacteria are even used to produce medicines and vaccines. but bacteria can cause trouble, too — ever had a urinary tract infection or strep throat? these infections are caused by bacteria. viruses are even smaller than bacteria and can ' t live on their own. in order to survive, grow, and reproduce, they need to be inside other living organisms. most viruses can only live for a very short time outside other living cells. for example, they can stay on surfaces like a countertop or toilet seat in infected bodily fluids for a short period of time, but they quickly die there unless a live host comes along. but some viruses, such as the kind that cause hepatitis ( an infection of the liver ), can survive on surfaces for a week or longer and still be able to cause infections. once they ' ve moved into your body, viruses spread easily and can make you quite sick. viruses are responsible for not - so - serious diseases like colds as well as extremely serious diseases like smallpox. fungi ( pronounced : fun - jye ) are multi - celled, plant - like organisms that usually aren ' t dangerous in a healthy person. fungi can ' t produce their own food from soil, water, and air, so instead, they get nutrition from plants, food, and animals in damp, warm environments. two common fungal infections are athlete ' s foot and ringworm. people who have weakened immune systems ( from diseases like aids or cancer ) may develop more serious fungal infections. protozoa ( pronounced : pro - toe - zo - uh ) are one - celled organisms like bacteria. protozoa love moisture, so intestinal infections and other diseases they cause are often spread


) may develop more serious fungal infections. protozoa ( pronounced : pro - toe - zo - uh ) are one - celled organisms like bacteria. protozoa love moisture, so intestinal infections and other diseases they cause are often spread through contaminated water. once organisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa invade your body, they get ready to stay for a while. these germs draw all their energy from you! they may damage or destroy some of your own healthy cells. as they use up your nutrients and energy, most will produce waste products, known as toxins. some toxins cause the annoying symptoms of common colds or flu - like infections, such as sniffles, sneezing, coughing, and diarrhea. but other toxins can cause high fever, increased heart rate, and even life - threatening illness. if you ' re not feeling well and visit your doctor, he or she may order testing to examine your blood and other fluids under a microscope or perform cultures to determine which germs ( if any ) are making you sick. how can i protect myself from germs? the best way to prevent the infections that germs cause is by protecting yourself. because most germs are spread through the air in sneezes or coughs or through bodily fluids like saliva, semen, vaginal fluid, or blood. if you or someone else is sick, your best bet is to limit contact with those substances. washing your hands often is absolutely the best way to stop germs from getting into your body. when should you wash? after using the bathroom, after blowing your nose or coughing, after touching any pets or animals, after gardening, or before and after visiting a sick relative or friend. and of course you should wash your hands before eating or cooking. there ' s a right way to wash hands, too — you need to soap up well using warm water and plenty of soap, then rub your hands vigorously together for 15 seconds ( away from the water ). rinse your hands and finish by drying them thoroughly on a clean towel. it ' s a good idea to carry hand sanitizer with you for times when you are eating out or not near a sink. if you spend any time in the kitchen, you ' ll have many opportunities to get rid of germs. be sure to use proper food - handling techniques, like using separate cutting boards, utensils, and towels for preparing uncooked meat and poultry. another


undiagnosed cases of the syndrome may affect 1 % of students aged 11 to 16, study suggests. undiagnosed chronic fatigue syndrome may account for up to 1 percent of children who are absent from school for extended periods of time and are not truant or known to have another illness that would explain why they ’ re out of school, a new study reveals. for the study, researchers examined data from 2, 855 students aged 11 to 16 at three secondary schools in england and concluded that undiagnosed chronic fatigue syndrome / myalgic encephalomyelitis ( cfs / me ) was responsible for 28 of the students being away from school for more than 20 percent of the time over six weeks. “ there are several possible reasons why children missing significant amounts of school with cfs / me are not identified, ” dr. esther crawley, of the center for child and adolescent health at university of bristol and colleagues, wrote in the report published online dec. 12 in the journal bmj open. “ those with mild or moderate cfs / me may not see their gp [ general practitioner ] or may not be recognized as having cfs / me if they are seen. alternatively, gps and pediatricians may not be aware of specialist cfs / me services or may feel that the child ’ s [ condition ] is not sufficiently serious to warrant a referral, ” they explained in the report. “ this project suggests that undiagnosed cfs / me... may be an important and underappreciated cause of school absence in children aged 11 to 16 years, ” crawley and colleagues concluded. the researchers also compared students with cfs / me who were referred to a specialist by a school - based clinic with those who were referred to specialist services by health care professionals. there were no differences in how long either group had cfs / me, which was an average of just over 18 months. but the children identified by school - based clinics had less fatigue, less disability and fewer symptoms than those identified by health care professionals. the children identified by school - based clinics also seemed to recover from cfs / me more quickly, the investigators noted in a journal news release. the nemours foundation has more about chronic fatigue syndrome and children.


strongly supported by western mining interests and farmers, the bland - allison act — which provided for a return to the minting of silver coins — becomes the law of the land. the strife and controversy surrounding the coinage of silver is difficult for most modern americans to understand, but in the late 19th century it was a topic of keen political and economic interest. today, the value of american money is essentially secured by faith in the stability of the government, but during the 19th century, money was generally backed by actual deposits of silver and gold, the so - called " bimetallic standard. " the u. s. also minted both gold and silver coins. in 1873, congress decided to follow the lead of many european nations and cease buying silver and minting silver coins, because silver was relatively scarce and to simplify the monetary system. exacerbated by a variety of other factors, this led to a financial panic. when the government stopped buying silver, prices naturally dropped, and many owners of primarily western silver mines were hurt. likewise, farmers and others who carried substantial debt loads attacked the so - called " crime of ' 73. " they believed, somewhat simplistically, that it caused a tighter supply of money, which in turn made it more difficult for them to pay off their debts. a nationwide drive to return to the bimetallic standard gripped the nation, and many americans came to place a near mystical faith in the ability of silver to solve their economic difficulties. the leader of the fight to remonetize silver was the missouri congressman richard bland. having worked in mining and having witnessed the struggles of small farmers, bland became a fervent believer in the silver cause, earning him the nickname " silver dick. " with the backing of powerful western mining interests, bland secured passage of the bland - allison act, which became law on this day in 1878. although the act did not provide for a return to the old policy of unlimited silver coinage, it did require the u. s. treasury to resume purchasing silver and minting silver dollars as legal tender. americans could once again use silver coins as legal tender, and this helped some struggling western mining operations. however, the act had little economic impact, and it failed to satisfy the more radical desires and dreams of the silver backers. the battle over the use of silver and gold continued to occupy americans well into the 20th century.


though the exact details of his life and expeditions are the subject of debate, john cabot ( or giovanni caboto, as he was known in italian ) may have developed the idea of sailing westward to reach the riches of asia while working for a venetian merchant. by the late 1490s, he was living in england, and gained a commission from king henry vii to make an expedition across the northern atlantic. he sailed from bristol in may 1497 and made landfall in late june. the exact site of cabot ' s landing has not been definitively established ; it may have been located in newfoundland, cape breton island or southern labrador. after returning to england to report his success, cabot departed on a second expedition in mid - 1498, but is thought to have perished in a shipwreck en route. john cabot ' s early life giovanni caboto was born circa 1450 in genoa, and moved to venice around 1461 ; he became a venetian citizen in 1476. evidence suggests that he worked as a merchant in the spice trade of the levant, or eastern mediterranean, and may have traveled as far as mecca, then an important trading center for oriental and western goods. he studied navigation and map - making during this period, and ( similarly to his countryman christopher columbus ) appears to have become interested in the possibility of reaching the rich markets of asia by sailing in a westward direction. for the next several decades, cabot ' s exact activities are unknown ; he may have spent several years in valencia and seville, spain, and may have been in valencia in 1493, when columbus passed through the city on his way to report to the spanish monarchs the results of his western voyage ( including his mistaken belief that he had in fact reached asia ). by late 1495, cabot had reached bristol, england, a port city that had served as a starting point for several previous expeditions across the north atlantic. from there, he worked to convince the british crown that england did not have to stand aside while spain claimed most of the new world, and that it was possible to reach asia on a more northerly route than the one columbus had taken. cabot ' s first voyage in 1896, king henry vii issued letters patent to cabot and his son, which authorized them to make a voyage of discovery and to return with goods for sale on the english market. after a first, aborted attempt, cabot sailed out of bristol on the small ship matthew in may 1497, with a crew of 18 men. the expedition made landfall


voyage of discovery and to return with goods for sale on the english market. after a first, aborted attempt, cabot sailed out of bristol on the small ship matthew in may 1497, with a crew of 18 men. the expedition made landfall in north america on june 24 ; the exact location is disputed, but may have been southern labrador, the island of newfoundland or cape breton island. when cabot went ashore, he reportedly saw signs of habitation but no people. he took possession of the land for king henry, but hoisted both the english and venetian flags. cabot explored the area and named various features of the region, including cape discovery, island of st. john, st. george ’ s cape, trinity islands and england ’ s cape. these may correspond to modern - day places located around what became known as cabot strait, the 60 - mile - wide channel running between southwestern newfoundland and northern cape breton island. like columbus, cabot believed that he had reached asia ' s northeast coast, and returned to bristol in august 1497 with extremely favorable reports of the exploration. cabot ' s second voyage in london in late 1497, cabot proposed to king henry vii that he set out on a second expedition across the north atlantic. this time, he would continue westward from his first landfall until he reached the island of cipangu ( japan ). in february 1498, the king issued letters patent for the second voyage, and that may cabot set off from bristol with about five ships and 200 men. the exact fate of the expedition has not been established, but by july one of the ships had been damaged and sought anchorage in ireland. it was believed that the ships had been caught in a severe storm, and by 1499, cabot himself was presumed to have perished at sea. in addition to laying the groundwork for british land claims in canada, his expeditions proved the existence of a shorter route across the northern atlantic ocean, which would later facilitate the establishment of other british colonies in north america. how to cite this page : john cabot. ( 2013 ). the history channel website. retrieved 5 : 51, may 22, 2013, from http : / / www. history. com / topics / john - cabot. john cabot. [ internet ]. 2013. the history channel website. available from : http : / / www. history. com / topics / john - cabot [ accessed 22 may 2013 ]. “ john cabot. ” 2013. the history channel website. may 22


jump to : page content home > closing gender gaps the women and public policy program of harvard kennedy school closes gender gaps in economic opportunity, political participation, health and education by creating knowledge, training leaders and informing public policy and organizational practices. we look at what policies, organizational structures and leadership techniques help close involuntary gender gaps, those that occur due to constraints rather than choice, either due to explicit barriers ( laws or the absence thereof ) and / or implicit barriers ( stereotypes, biased judgements and discrimination ). conducting research to provide evidence - based insights and recommendations, we identify small to large scale successful interventions, while examining the impact of closing gender gaps. business case conference what is the economic value of gender diversity in organizations, politics and society? to explore this question, wappp hosted a two - day conference in october 2010 to explore the economic value of gender diversity in organizations, politics and society. oval office student training from harvard square to the oval office is a non - partisan initiative that trains harvard graduate students to run for all levels of political office. closing the global gender gap closing the global gender gap initiative ( cgggi ) aims to conduct, foster and support research on closing gender gaps in economic opportunity, political participation, health and education, to identifying ground - breaking, replicable interventions.


greening your ventilation click here to read more articles about ventilation this article originally appeared in the may / june 2007 issue of home energy magazine. may 06, 2007 since today ’ s houses are now tightened for air conditioning as well as heating, there is less and less natural ventilation in our homes. this means that additional forms of mechanical ventilation are needed to deal with interior pollution. a healthy home is “ dry, clean, well ventilated, pest - free, free from contaminants, safe, and well - maintained ” according to the national center for healthy housing. a green home should also be a healthy home, and ventilation is one of the principal ways we can ensure a green home ’ s health. if health were not a consideration in buildings, we could very well ignore ventilation. in this column, i ’ ll look at the role ventilation plays in making a home healthier from the start, and in maintaining its health after it is occupied. i ’ ll also explore the potential and limitations of ventilation in new and older homes. as technological advances have brought new tools to the ventilation field, building scientists are constantly struggling to come up with standards that will provide us with as complete and effective a ventilation strategy for each building as possible. the intense debates,... to read complete online articles, you need to sign up for an online subscription. once an order has been placed there is an automatic $ 10 processing fee that will be deducted with any cancellation. the home energy online articles are for personal use only and may not be printed for distribution. for permission to reprint, please send an e - mail to firstname. lastname @ example. org.


horatio alger, jr. horatio alger jr : copyright ( c ) 1996 by bill roach all rights reserved. 1. who was horatio alger? horatio alger, jr. was an american author ( 1832 - 1899 ). alger produced the one of the first boys ' adventure series. alger published over 118 novels in book form. another 280 novels were produced in magazines along with more than five hundred short stories. his young heroes succeed through a mixture of pluck and luck. they are lucky, in part, because they deserve to be lucky. a given hero may appear in several books, e. g., " ragged dick, " but the books do not have a common set of characters. regardless of their names, the heroes are remarkably similar. horatio alger, jr. was the oldest of five children of a debt - ridden new england, unitarian minister. he was very frail. he was under weight and undersized, suffered from bronchial asthma, and near sightedness. because of his poor health, the family deferred his introduction to the alphabet and reading until he was six years old. he started formal school at age 10 and achieved phi beta kappa at harvard. he was ranked eighth in a class of 89. he volunteered for the union army three times and was rejected three times because of his asthma and small size ( just over five feet and about 120 pounds ). horatio alger, jr. taught school or tutored school children for a good part of his life. his most famous student is benjamin cardozo who went on to be a supreme court justice. 2. what has he written? horatio alger wrote mostly juvenile fiction : short stories, serialized novels, and novels. he also wrote biography, juvenile biography ( james garfield, abraham lincoln, and daniel webster ), and poetry. he did someserious writing for adult publications ( essays ), but he was not nearlyas successful at that. the horatio alger society includes lists of his publications and their various editions for collectors. the most comprehensive list of alger ’ s publications is bob bennett ’ s _ a collector ’ s guide to the published works of horatio alger, jr. ( 1832 – 1899 ) _ mad book company : newark, many of the books were sold after alger ' s death and after the copyrights had expired so careful records were not kept. printers frequently printed unauthorized editions at the same time they printed authorized editions. the unauthorized editions were sold by the printer with no fee paid to the publisher. 3


alger ' s death and after the copyrights had expired so careful records were not kept. printers frequently printed unauthorized editions at the same time they printed authorized editions. the unauthorized editions were sold by the printer with no fee paid to the publisher. 3. what alger organizations have sites on the net? horatio alger, jr resources horatio alger association ( philanthropic organization ) horatio alger educational programs horatio alger society ( collectors ) http : / / www. horatioalger. com 4. what pseudonyms did alger use? arthur lee putnam charles f. preston 5. why is there so little accurate information about alger? alger ' s sister augusta inherited all of his papers. she detroyed virtually all of his personal papers. in the victorian era, it was not unusual for an author or his / her relatives to purge the personal papers of anything that might be unseemly. to the victorian mind, virtually any eccentricity was unseemly. this bowdlerization occurred to the personal papers of louisa may alcott, sir richard francis burton, 6. why is there so much disinformation in 1928 herbert mayes published a fraudulent alger biography entitled : alger : a biography without a hero. mayes even fabricated a diary for alger which detailed a life of carousing and womanizing. the mayes biography became the basis for the entry in the dictionary of american biography. mayes did not admit the fraud until 1976. as late as 1963, an alger biographer with academic credentials, john tebbel, repeated all of the mayes fabrications, supposedly after verifying 7. what alger novels are available on the net? 8. what movies been made from his books? - struggling upward - cast upon the breakers - the cash boy - joe the hotel boy - paul prescott ' s charge : a story for boys - the errand boy : or, how phil brent won success - a fancy of hers - driven from home or carl crawford ' s experience - frank ' s campaign or, farm and camp - paul the peddler, or, fortunes of a young street merchant - phil the fiddler a disney movie _ newsies _ deals with the 1899 newsboy strike in new york city. the movie is not based on a horatio alger story but it does depict the life of the newsboys that figured in so many alger stories. the informal web site of the movie is referenced on the horatio alger resources web site. if any movies have been made from


on a horatio alger story but it does depict the life of the newsboys that figured in so many alger stories. the informal web site of the movie is referenced on the horatio alger resources web site. if any movies have been made from alger stories, they should have been made between 1900 and 1920 at the peak of his popularity. they would have been silent movies. so far none of the faq readers have turned up an horatio alger silent movie ( or talkie ). 9. what are some good alger biographies? some bad ones? gary scarnhorst with jack bales, _ the lost life of horatio alger, jr. _ ( indiana university press : bloomington, in, 1985 ) many poor biographies are based on the 1928 mayes book mentioned above. 10. what is the relationship between horatio alger stories and the subsequent the rover boys, tom swift, hardy boys, and nancy drew series? horatio alger worked with a younger writer, edward stratemeyer, an editor at munsey magazine. before his death, alger ' s arranged to have stratemeyer finish the works that alger had in progress. the alger books " completed " by - out for business - falling in with fortune - nelson, the newsboy - young captain jack - jerry, the backwoods boy - lost at sea - from farm to fortune - the young book agent - randy of the river - joe, the hotel boy - ben logan ' s triumph stratemeyer was a prolific author and went on to set up the stratemeyer syndicate which was responsible for the hardy boys and nancy drew. after stratemeyer ' s death, the syndicate operated under the leadership of his daughter harriet adams stratemeyer. 11. what is the formula for an horatio alger story? an adolescent boy with a rural back ground sets off to earn his livelihood in an urban setting. he triumphs over circumstances and temptation and starts advancing in his career. at some point, he will be betrayed or falsely accused by one of his peers. ultimately, the hero will be vindicated. while pluck and hard work play a role in the success of an alger hero, there is always an older male who takes on the hero as his protege. that mentor plays a critical role in the success of the alger hero. the alger hero never takes revenge on those who mistreated him. he secures what is rightfully his, but he is never vindictive. alger heroes never have romantic interests