counseling is professional guidance to help a person, family, or group of individuals recognize and deal with issues that are interfering with their mental well - being. counseling involves regular meetings ( sessions ) with a qualified counselor, such as a psychiatrist, psychologist, licensed professional counselor, or clinical social worker. counseling, which may also be called psychotherapy or therapy, can be done on an individual, family, or group basis. counseling is professional guidance to help a person, family, or group of individuals recognize and deal with issues that are interfering with their mental well - being. counseling involves regular meetings ( sessions ) with a qualified counselor, such... more edward guyton answered : what is the saying? ' advice is cheap. ' i sometimes like to tell my clients that if you want me to give advice, i would need to see into the future and that i don ' t do. obviously, there are best, better and bad choices of thinking and acting regarding any issue or concern. we might agree that it is always best to avoid harm and welcome joy and good fortune. but often what is the best way for me to think and act when, say, my boss is just plain mean might be the worst advice or counsel for me to give a client. the focus of counseling tends to be on more matter of fact, daily life issues and presenting possibilities for the client ' s consideration that are tailored to that client ' s psychology and current needs. the focus of psychotherapy tends to be on thought, and behavior. while ' counseling ' may be a part of the experience the idea behind psychotherapy seems to be : if we can possess a greater understanding of ourselves perhaps we might consider uniquely different and better ways to ' look at and react to ' the world around us. the focus of psychoanalysis tends to be on the structures and functions of the unconscious mind - or that part of the mind that is not available to us when we are awake ( or conscious ) but is when we sleep. if we couldn ' t remember our dreams we would not have any conscious access to and therefore awareness of our unconscious thoughts ( mind ). when looking at the unconscious mind it is with a bias towards ' mending ' that aspect of the mind which is problematic to the individual and inaccessible to their awareness. if this inaccessibility to the unconscious mind is the case, then only another person ' s conscious mind may be able to gain access to what is troubling the client. supportive listening, compassion and empathy are priceless whether you are seeking counseling,


inaccessibility to the unconscious mind is the case, then only another person ' s conscious mind may be able to gain access to what is troubling the client. supportive listening, compassion and empathy are priceless whether you are seeking counseling, psychotherapy, psychoanalysis or a good and trustworthy friend. what is the saying? ' advice is cheap. ' i sometimes like to tell my clients that if you want me to give advice, i would need to see into the future and that i don ' t do. obviously, there are best, better and bad choices of thinking and acting... more raychelle lohmann answered : whether life ’ s thrown you a curve ball and you ’ re at your wits end, or your past is haunting you, one thing ’ s for certain, a counselor can help. counselors are highly trained professionals that have a common goal – to help people. here are just a few ways they can help. - counselors help people cope with change, positive or negative. change good or bad can lead to stress. sometimes people need coping skills to adjust to change and counselors can with this process. - counselors can help you deal with the skeletons in your closet. if something from your past has been haunting you and it ’ s having a negative effect on your life, then a counselor can help you confront it. - counselors can help you if you are suffering from an addiction. whether your addiction is alcohol, drugs, or sex you are not alone. counselors can help you overcome it. - are you having problems with your significant other? oftentimes couples lack skills to work through conflict and the result is miscommunication. counselors can help bridge the communication gap and help you learn more effective ways to express your thoughts and feelings to your partner. - is your kid driving you over the edge and you don ’ t know what to do? oftentimes as parents, we fall into a parenting trap ; even though what we do doesn ’ t work, we still do it. counselors can help you learn more effective ways to communicate and respond to your child. counseling requires a lot of work on the client ’ s part. oftentimes, counseling involves changing thoughts, behavior and learning to cope with your emotions. so needless to say, the counseling process isn ’ t easy, but it ’ s worth it. the end result may be something that leaves you feeling more content, happier, and most of all having a better understanding of who you are


one of the characters in the classic 1939 film " stagecoach " is a banker named gatewood who lectures his captive audience on the evils of big government, especially bank regulation - " as if we bankers don ' t know how to run our own banks! " he exclaims. as the film progresses, we learn that gatewood is in fact skipping town with a satchel full of embezzled cash. as far as we know, jamie dimon, the chairman and ceo of jpmorgan chase, isn ' t planning anything similar. he has, however, been fond of giving gatewood - like speeches about how he and his colleagues know what they ' re doing, and don ' t need the government looking over their shoulders. so there ' s a large heap of poetic justice - and a major policy lesson - in jpmorgan ' s shock announcement that it somehow managed to lose $ 2 billion in a failed bit of financial wheeling - dealing. just to be clear, businessmen are human - although the lords of finance have a tendency to forget that - and they make money - losing mistakes all the time. that in itself is no reason for the government to get involved. but banks are special, because the risks they take are borne, in large part, by taxpayers and the economy as a whole. and what jpmorgan has just demonstrated is that even supposedly smart bankers must be sharply limited in the kinds of risk they ' re allowed to take on. why, exactly, are banks special? because history tells us that banking is and always has been subject to occasional destructive " panics, " which can wreak havoc with the economy as a whole. current right - wing mythology has it that bad banking is always the result of government intervention, whether from the federal reserve or meddling liberals in congress. in fact, however, gilded age america - a land with minimal government and no fed - was subject to panics roughly once every six years. and some of these panics inflicted major economic losses. so what can be done? in the 1930s, after the mother of all banking panics, we arrived at a workable solution, involving both guarantees and oversight. on one side, the scope for panic was limited via government - backed deposit insurance ; on the other, banks were subject to regulations intended to keep them from abusing the privileged status they derived from deposit insurance, which is in effect a government guarantee of their debts. most notably, banks with government - guaranteed deposits weren ' t allowed to engage in the often risky speculation characteristic


to regulations intended to keep them from abusing the privileged status they derived from deposit insurance, which is in effect a government guarantee of their debts. most notably, banks with government - guaranteed deposits weren ' t allowed to engage in the often risky speculation characteristic of investment banks like lehman brothers. this system gave us half a century of relative financial stability. eventually, however, the lessons of history were forgotten. new forms of banking without government guarantees proliferated, while both conventional and newfangled banks were allowed to take on ever - greater risks. sure enough, we eventually suffered the 21st - century version of a gilded age banking panic, with terrible consequences. it ' s clear, then, that we need to restore the sorts of safeguards that gave us a couple of generations without major banking panics. it ' s clear, that is, to everyone except bankers and the politicians they bankroll - for now that they have been bailed out, the bankers would of course like to go back to business as usual. did i mention that wall street is giving vast sums to mitt romney, who has promised to repeal recent financial reforms? enter dimon. jpmorgan, to its - and his - credit, managed to avoid many of the bad investments that brought other banks to their knees. this apparent demonstration of prudence has made dimon the point man in wall street ' s fight to delay, water down and / or repeal financial reform. he has been particularly vocal in his opposition to the volcker rule, which would prevent banks with government - guaranteed deposits from engaging in " proprietary trading, " basically speculating with depositors ' money. just trust us, the jpmorgan chief has in effect been saying ; everything ' s under control. what did jpmorgan actually do? as far as we can tell, it used the market for derivatives - complex financial instruments - to make a huge bet on the safety of corporate debt, something like the bets that insurer aig made on housing debt a few years ago. the key point is not that the bet went bad ; it is that institutions playing a key role in the financial system have no business making such bets, least of all when those institutions are backed by taxpayer guarantees. for the moment dimon seems chastened, even admitting that maybe the proponents of stronger regulation have a point. it probably won ' t last ; i expect wall street to be back to its usual arrogance within weeks if not days. but the truth is that we ' ve just seen an object demonstration of why


understanding children ' s sleep habits every living creature needs to sleep. it is the primary activity of the brain during early development. circadian rhythms, or the sleep - wake cycle, are regulated by light and dark and these rhythms take time to develop, resulting in the irregular sleep schedules of newborns. the rhythms begin to develop at about six weeks, and by three to six months most infants have a regular sleep - wake cycle. by the age of two, most children have spent more time asleep than awake and overall, a child will spend 40 percent of their childhood asleep. sleep is especially important for children as it directly impacts mental and physical development. there are two alternating types or states of sleep : sleep and newborns ( 1 - 2 months ) for newborns, sleep during the early months occurs around the clock and the sleep - wake cycle interacts with the need to be fed, changed and nurtured. newborns sleep a total of 10. 5 to 18 hours a day on an irregular schedule with periods of one to three hours spent awake. the sleep period may last a few minutes to several hours. during sleep, they are often active, twitching their arms and legs, smiling, sucking and generally appearing restless. newborns express their need to sleep in different ways. some fuss, cry, rub their eyes or indicate this need with individual gestures. it is best to put babies to bed when they are sleepy, but not asleep. they are more likely to fall asleep quickly and eventually learn how to get themselves to sleep. newborns can be encouraged to sleep less during the day by exposing them to light and noise, and by playing more with them in the daytime. as evening approaches, the environment can be quieter and dimmer with less activity. sleep tips for newborns sleep and infants ( 3 - 11 months ) by six months of age, nighttime feedings are usually not necessary and many infants sleep through the night ; 70 - 80 percent will do so by nine months of age. infants typically sleep 9 - 12 hours during the night and take 30 minute to two - hour naps, one to four times a day – fewer as they reach age one. when infants are put to bed drowsy but not asleep, they are more likely to become “ self - soothers ” which enables them to fall asleep independently at bedtime and put themselves back to sleep during the night. those who have become accustomed to parental assistance at bedtime often become “ signalers ” and cry for their parents to help them return to sleep during the night


enables them to fall asleep independently at bedtime and put themselves back to sleep during the night. those who have become accustomed to parental assistance at bedtime often become “ signalers ” and cry for their parents to help them return to sleep during the night. sleep tips for infants sleep and toddlers ( 1 - 3 years ) toddlers need about 12 - 14 hours of sleep in a 24 - hour period. when they reach about 18 months of age their naptimes will decrease to once a day lasting about one to three hours. naps should not occur too close to bedtime as they may delay sleep at night. many factors can lead to sleep problems. toddlers ' drive for independence and an increase in their motor, cognitive and social abilities can interfere with sleep. in addition, their ability to get out of bed, separation anxiety, the need for autonomy and the development of the child ' s imagination can lead to sleep problems. daytime sleepiness and behavior problems may signal poor sleep or a sleep problem. sleep tips for toddlers : sleep and preschoolers ( 3 - 5 years ) preschoolers typically sleep 11 - 13 hours each night and most do not nap after five years of age. as with toddlers, difficulty falling asleep and waking up during the night are common. with further development of imagination, preschoolers commonly experience nighttime fears and nightmares. in addition, sleepwalking and sleep terrors peak during preschool years. sleep tips for preschoolers sleep and school - aged children ( 5 - 12 years ) children aged five to 12 need 10 - 11 hours of sleep. at the same time, there is an increasing demand on their time from school ( e. g., homework ), sports and other extracurricular and social activities. in addition, school aged children become more interested in tv, computers, the media and internet as well as caffeine products – all of which can lead to difficulty falling asleep, nightmares and disruptions to their sleep. in particular, watching tv close to bedtime has been associated with bedtime resistance, difficulty falling asleep, anxiety around sleep and sleeping fewer hours. sleep problems and disorders are prevalent at this age. poor or inadequate sleep can lead to mood swings, behavioral problems such as hyperactivity and cognitive problems that impact on their ability to learn in school. sleep tips for school - aged children | children ' s sleep basics | | children ' s sleep problems |


guide to public libraries public libraries in western australia the 232 public libraries within western australia offer a wide range of resources and services for people of all ages, including : - books for recreation and information - newspapers and magazines - reference resources, including encyclopedias and directories - access to state library website and a range of online databases - internet facilities - large print books - talking books and dvds - music cds, games and jigsaws - books and other resources in 50 community languages other than english - resources for learning a language - community and local history information - photocopying facilities - resources and services for children and young people - services for seniors - services for a multicultural western australia - services for aboriginal and torres strait islanders - assistance with literacy and numeracy - services to people with disabilities you are entitled to join your local public library. all you will be required to do is show identification and proof of your current address. there is no charge to join your local public library. if you are under 18 years of age your parent or legal guardian may need to be present when you join. please check with your local library for more information on becoming a member and to discover the range of materials and services it provides. if your local public library does not have what you are looking for, the staff may be able to request it for you from another library on inter library loan. you can use our catalogue to find information both at the state library and throughout the public library network by selecting the " entire state library of wa collection " option, or just materials in the public library network by selecting " public library stock ". locating your local public library the australian libraries gateway is a free web - based directory service which has information about more than 6, 300 australian libraries, their collections and services. to find a library using the gateway, enter the library name into the name box, select wa for the location, and select public for the library type. if you do not know the name of your library, simply leave the name box blank ( choose wa and public ) - this will return a list of all public libraries in wa. from this list you will find : - library branch name, & related libraries - address and contact information - library catalogue - opening hours you could also choose to use the map to find libraries in regional australia. click on " use the map to find libraries in regional australia ", and then select wa and public, then select the region you are interested in. search the australian libraries gateway. public library address labels here is an easily formatted list


a challenge for active inclusion 1. dignity is human right and when this right is not respected what kind of consequences for mental health? the poverty is not a fatalistic social phenomenon but the consequence of injustice in the redistribution of resources. overcome poverty is not a gesture of charity. it is first of all an act of justice. it is the protection of a fundamental human right, the right to dignity and a decent life. everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate...... and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control. decl. hum. right everyone has the right to respect for his or her physical and mental integrity. ( art in order to combat social exclusion and poverty, the union recognises and respects the right to social and housing assistance so as to ensure a decent existence for all those who lack sufficient. ( art 31 1.... 2.... 3 ) everyone has the right of access to preventive health care and the right to benefit from medical treatment under the conditions established by national laws and practices. charter fundamental right of european union ) = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = cf. notes down page la democratie contre les pauvres, poverty as a human rights violation inhumanity or injustice?... as a form of oppression... what justice demands today ; responsibility & severe poverty poverty and exclusion february – march 2007 freedom from poverty as a human right has the right a standard of living adequate of himself, of on poverty & social exclusion reference : memo / 09 / 480 date : 27 / 10 / 2009 and mental illness - and psychic suffering are often both at the beginning of the process of marginalisation and abandonment, which - while being reinforced reciprocally - transform in chronic situation one and other until the exclusion and rupture of social belong of become strictly intertwined in a vicious circle of marginalization leading to a total loss of social links. loneliness, sickness, mental illness, drug abuse and / or alcoholism, may be the cause or the results of this state of alienation and exclusion from society, which in some cases may be irreversible and which could eventually lead to a complete break with society. involvement of all civic society : it ' s possible to insure a concrete progress in this fight against poverty and exclusion when all civic society will be involved shearing and


be irreversible and which could eventually lead to a complete break with society. involvement of all civic society : it ' s possible to insure a concrete progress in this fight against poverty and exclusion when all civic society will be involved shearing and participating. european challenge : despite national differences, in both the nature and severity of the problem, the social exclusion is a structural problem in european society and for this reason must be placed – as an absolute priority – at the centre of an urgent call for awareness and deeper consideration particularly with respect to the right and acces to the citizen services, developing an adequate political program at european level : the building of the european community must take place within a framework of citizenship in respect of right and solidarity. smes - europa from beginning operates at the interface, intersection of mental health and social exclusion, on the appalling neglect and abandoned homeless people living in extremely poor health & social conditions and suffering from mental health problems, in order to improve mental, physical & social well - being, and to promote inclusion, citizenship and solidarity in european countries for people living in extreme social and health precariousness. combating stigma and social exclusion eradication of stigma & discrimination, but also of stereotypes against people and families suffering from poverty and mental illness, is still a remote goal for our and the consequences are : extreme poverty, marginalisation, abandonment and lost of social belong. the 5th points of pact for mental health proposed by 1. prevention of suicide and depression mental health in youth and education 3. mental health in workplace settings 4. mental health in older people 5. combating stigma and social exclusion mental health at european level does not appear to be considered a priority on health policy and in romania, the situation seems to be critical. ( cf. green paper on mental health of commission and many doc. online concerning mental health in romania ). poverty and mental illness are both or as beginning or as consequences of the same process of segregation, discrimination : one reinforces and worsens the other until complete exclusion in society. everywhere in europe and particularly in romania the reforms are urgently needed in order to protect and give dignity to the life of most vulnerable people. the european union at the time of accession of romania to the union placed at its disposal meaningful resources to guarantee the right of the patients to receive treatment as much as possible within the in reason of european challenge : lisbon, europe would to make a decisive impact on the eradication of poverty and social exclusion. but until today 2010, the poverty has not been significantly reduced, and


the patients to receive treatment as much as possible within the in reason of european challenge : lisbon, europe would to make a decisive impact on the eradication of poverty and social exclusion. but until today 2010, the poverty has not been significantly reduced, and the gap - consequence of unjust redistribution of resources - between rich & poor people, in 2010 the commission and the parliament decided to make the european year of fight against poverty and social exclusion, so having “ a radical impact on the eradication of poverty,, based on three inseparable and complementary pillars : 1. sufficient minimum 2. inclusive labour markets, 3. access to quality services. 4th pilar (? ) : : we are thinking that the is a very fondamental pillar of personal & active inclusion. the other 3 are in register of assistence and answer to the needs! participation is in a strict relationship with empowerment and citizenship. for this reason the two key words are : ( ressourcees, aginst poverty ) even with the worsening financial and economic crisis, this situation is rapidly extreme poverty & exclusion : 79 / 80 million people in europe live in and more and more are at risk of social exclusion. in romania “ absolute ” poverty is widespread and many people are affected by material deprivation and social marginalisation which is intolerable. ( cf. the poverty more than question of statistic and numbers is the question of persons. poverty in europa : 17 % of the european population are poor. the rate goes from 11 % to the netherlands to bulgaria and romania respectively 21 and 23 % the poor, 23 % in romania poverty in romania : the highest rates are to be raised in europe of the east, but several large countries of europe, the united kingdom, italy, spain or greece hardly make better, with a rate of poverty of + / - 20 %.. everywhere in europe and particularly in romania the reforms in mental health systhem are urgently in order to protect and dignify the life of most vulnerable people. the european union at the time of the accession of romania to eu, placed at the disposal important resources to improve the mental health services by guaranteeing the rights of the people to receive a treatment and care adapted in their state, as much as possible with the centre of the community in which they but what is the situation today? 5. aim of conference aim is not to compassionate the poor peoples and making the charity but on one side to recall the fundamental right of all to live the life in dignity and the other the duty and responsibility


which they but what is the situation today? 5. aim of conference aim is not to compassionate the poor peoples and making the charity but on one side to recall the fundamental right of all to live the life in dignity and the other the duty and responsibility of all civic society of redistribution of resources with justice and solidarity. with this conference smes - europa continues the finality of : • reaffirming personal dignity and human rights the outrageous scenes of people, abandoned on the street, frequently with severly mental health problems are urgent appeals to enforce the respect of basic human rights of this • preferring innovative and alternative projects the scale of the problem and the ineffectiveness of mere public & private " assistance ” in the long run call for medium / long term innovative and alternative projects. individuals must be seen as people having rights, needs and living in a context where the social / health private and public sectors interact. • promoting urgent prevention measures unless there is prompt intervention into the causes from which the process originates, the present crisis in the welfare system will inevitably deepen, with disastrous consequences for the young and all those in greatest need. 6. theme of conference theme & topics : “ sharing : redistribution of resources for dignity & well - being of all people participating : active inclusion against every segregation & discrimination " sharing & participating is a challenge for active inclusion, promoting dignity and health, increasing access to health & social services for the most deprived people. ” the participants will focus reflections - experiences - evaluations and will present priorities and proposal, in order to humanise this struggle against poverty & disease, in these three topics : 1 ) deinstitutionalization and mental health in the city : from cure in an institution to care in the community. this is first of all is humanistic question, requiring new creativity in daily practices. 2 ) outreach – going out to meet where they are - aptitude before than method and 3 ) empowerment - capacitating and participation with respect for difference. nb. : your suggestion are very important in order to better specify the theme & topics of the & workshops : the proposed basic theme " sharing & participating for active inclusion... ", will be analyse in the course of three pathways that will prepare the topics of workshops.


a fine flower to start withwritten by george ellison one of the best pieces of advice i ever received in regard to learning wildflowers was to “ concentrate on one family at a time. ” the person advising me didn ’ t, of course, intend that i should devote my attention exclusively to the species in a given family and ignore any plants outside that group. but she rightly intuited that making real progress in a systematic manner required some sort of focus. my choice was the lily family ( liliaceae ). in retrospect, i realize that picking this family was a rather grand first choice since it includes many genera and an array of species. i could have started with a less complicated group. but i was attracted by the showy — sometimes even gaudy — species represented in the liliaceae : fly poison, wild hyacinth, lily - of - the - valley, trout lily, swamp pink, indian cucumber root, grape hyacinth, bog asphodel, star - of - bethlehem, solomon ’ s and false solomon ’ s seal, featherbells, rosy twisted stalk, the numerous trillium species, the bellworts, turkey beard, etc. the centerpiece genus of the liliaceae is, of course, lilium or the so - called true lilies. here in the southern mountains this genus is comprised of five quite distinctive species : turk ’ s - cap lily ( lilium superbum ), canada lily ( l. canadense ), wood lily ( l. philadelphicum ), michaux ’ s or carolina lily ( l. michauxii ), and gray ’ s lily ( l. grayi ). of these, only the turk ’ s - cap and michaux ’ s lilies are, in my experience, commonly encountered. the rarest species is gray ’ s lily, also known as bell lily, orange - bell lily, roan lily, and roan mountain lily. it is, for me, not only the most beautiful species in the liliaceae but also the most beautiful wildflower i have encountered in north america. the species is named for asa gray, america ’ s first great formal botanist. in 1840, gray and several companions explored the high mountains of north carolina. among the many exciting plants they located was the spectacular red and purple - spotted lily that would, in 1879, be described as a new species and named in gray ’ s honor. gray ’ s lily is a perennial,


high mountains of north carolina. among the many exciting plants they located was the spectacular red and purple - spotted lily that would, in 1879, be described as a new species and named in gray ’ s honor. gray ’ s lily is a perennial, standing from two to four feet tall, with a smooth stem that bears three to eight whorls of narrow leaves. from june into early august, it displays from one to 10 bell shaped, slightly flared flowers on long stalks. the flowers are poised in an almost horizontal position. each flower head is dark red or reddish - orange outside. inside it is somewhat lighter in color and distinctively marked with numerous purple spots. it is a stately, almost regal plant. this rare and endangered species is limited in its natural state to high - elevation, moist, grassy open areas and woodland thickets. its distribution is restricted to a handful of counties in western virginia, east tennessee, and western north carolina. in an open, grassy plot alongside the creek on our property, elizabeth and i once attempted as part of a horticultural experiment to grow several seedlings of gray ’ s lily originally propagated from seeds by kim hawks, who was at that time the owner of niche wildflower gardens near chapel hill. they flowered sparsely for several years and then disappeared. if we ever try to raise gray ’ s lily again, we ’ ll create and place the plants in a moist peat bed in wooded shade.


i have written the matlab code according to the algo given in he tutorials for edge detection. edge detection is a technique to locate the edges of objects in the scene. this can be useful for locating the horizon, the corner of an object, white line following, or for determing the shape of an object. the algorithm is quite simple : sort through the image matrix pixel by pixel for each pixel, analyze each of the 8 pixels surrounding it record the value of the darkest pixel, and the lightest pixel if ( darkest _ pixel _ value - lightest _ pixel _ value ) > threshold ) then rewrite that pixel as 1 ; else rewrite that pixel as 0 ; what the algorithm does is detect sudden changes in color or lighting, representing the edge of an object. " i want to know how to get the threshold value for best results. if i calculate the threshold according to the original method of finding the mean of all the elements of image matrix, then its too big a value. see, in this algo we find the difference between the largest and smallest neighbour of a matrix element. now for a grayscale image, this difference is not too big, not more than 50 at extreme points and generally around 20 - 30. but as the pixel value is almost same for all pixels in a grayscale image and hence the threshold calculated by the normal method is always greater than the difference and the resulting image is completely black. i ran the code on a 640x480 grayscale image. it gave the best result at threshold = 20 whereas the threshold calculated by computing the mean was coming out to be = 115. now how to calculate the accurate threshold?


there ' s nothing too special about jennifer wiseman ' s favorite galaxy. about 100 million light years away from earth, ngc – 1309 displays a symmetrical pinwheel shape. its brightest moment may have been in 2002, when light from a supernova ( a powerful star explosion ) inside it reached earth. in the background of the hubble space telescope image of ngc – 1309, many more distant galaxies linger. so why does wiseman, senior project scientist for nasa ' s hubble space telescope, like this particular galaxy? it ' s become my favorite galaxy, not because it ' s special, but because it ' s kind of average, " she says. " by seeing the beauty of this one galaxy, and the abundance of other galaxies in that same image, i get a sense of the enormous beauty and magnitude of our universe. " wiseman ' s fascination with galaxies and stars began early. as a kid growing up on an arkansas farm, she took walks with her family to look at the night sky. later, as a senior at mit, she discovered the comet that now bears her name, 114p / wiseman - skiff. she continued her studies at harvard, earning a doctorate in astronomy in 1995. in her presentation at spu ’ s day of common learning, wiseman showed a video of a space shuttle mission launch to service the hubble space telescope. in her current research, wiseman studies the formation of stars. she also directs the dialogue on science, ethics, and religion for the american association for the advancement of science, and she has served as an adult sunday school teacher and lay speaker at her church. wiseman visited seattle pacific university ' s campus on october 19, 2011, to speak to students, faculty, staff, and the public at the 10th annual day of common learning. in her lecture, " stars, galaxies, planets, and life : an amazing universe to behold, " she explored " how science can inspire worship, study, and service. " she also spoke with response about astronomy ' s latest discoveries, the future of nasa, and why it ' s important for christians to become scientifically educated. especially on the latter, and on questions of faith and science, we asked her to share her own personal reflections. her views do not represent nasa. there is no typical day for me as an oversight scientist for the hubble space telescope project. i have a variety of duties that include being a spokesperson for the scientific discoveries we ' re making with the telescope. i also make sure that we


nasa. there is no typical day for me as an oversight scientist for the hubble space telescope project. i have a variety of duties that include being a spokesperson for the scientific discoveries we ' re making with the telescope. i also make sure that we have an adequate budget to keep doing the best science, and overseeing how the science instruments on the observatory are used, to make sure that we ' re getting the best scientific return out of the observatory. some people wonder why we should be spending money as a nation on astronomy and telescopes when there are other, more down - to - earth problems that we need to address. i clarify that the fraction of the federal budget spent on nasa, and particularly on space science, is extremely small, and yet the return is enormous in terms of inspiring our young people and lifting the spirits of citizens of our country and people around the world, as we discover our place in a magnificent universe. i think that, as a nation, we need to channel our resources both into solving problems and into advancing good, positive, constructive pursuits. nasa has some exciting plans. though we ' ve retired the space shuttles, the space station is still very much in operation. while nasa plans and develops its follow - up vehicles for the shuttle, we will be hitching a ride on russian spacecraft for a few years to get back and forth from the space station. but before long we plan to have vehicles that could take us not only to the low - earth - orbit area where the space station is, but also beyond, perhaps to the moon, perhaps eventually to mars. we are also in the middle of developing a very large space telescope that will follow hubble. it ' s called the james webb space telescope, and it will see farther back in time and space than we ' ve been able to see with hubble. images from the hubble space telescope allow us to look back in time by showing distant objects. the distance to these objects is measured in light - years, a measurement that tells us how long it takes for that light to reach earth. for instance, when we look at the carina nebula, 7, 500 light - years away, we are seeing how that nebula looked 7, 500 years ago. one of the hottest topics in astronomy right now is the detection of hundreds of planets outside of our own solar system : exoplanets. when i was growing up, it was only science fiction to imagine whether or not stars other than our sun had planets orbiting them. but in the last 20 years, we


of hundreds of planets outside of our own solar system : exoplanets. when i was growing up, it was only science fiction to imagine whether or not stars other than our sun had planets orbiting them. but in the last 20 years, we have detected hundreds of planets around other stars. there are well over 1, 000 candidates that are potential planets orbiting other stars. this is a huge change. it also means that before too long, we ' ll be able to do more detailed analysis of some of these planets to try to understand whether they are like earth, whether they have atmospheres that are compatible with sustaining life. in fact, if we can build the right telescopes and instruments, we might be able — at some point in the not - too - distant future — to detect signatures of biological activity on some of these planets, if it ' s there. this is a very exciting, evolving field. everyone immediately remembers their favorite science - fiction movies and starts imagining what alien civilizations might look like. but for scientists, actually the most exciting discovery that we could anticipate is if we could find any evidence of simple life, like bacteria, on another planet. of course, we would be detecting it indirectly. instead of actually seeing the life forms, we would be analyzing the atmosphere and seeing if it gives evidence of there being biological processes on the planet. for example, if we were to leave earth and look back with certain instruments, we could do a spectral analysis of earth ' s atmosphere and see water vapor. that would tell us that earth could sustain life, because we have water. we would also see things like oxygen, and that would be a clue that we have plant life here, because the photosynthesis processes in plants produce oxygen. so these things we call " biomarkers " are clues that there might be life on the planet, and that ' s the kind of thing we ' d be looking for on these other planets. if we find life somewhere other than earth — especially if it were life in a different star system — that form of life could not have originated from earth. we would call that a second biogenesis, meaning that life, however life got started on earth, was able also to get started other places. that takes a little bit of theological contemplation. however, most people of religious faith after a while seem to conclude that however god created life on this planet, he could have done the same thing elsewhere if he so desired, because god loves life and life is abundant here. the bible


i believe that it pleases god and glorifies god when we care enough to study the details of his handiwork. also we should remember that the scientific enterprise, as described more formally, is only a few centuries old, and many of the early scientists were people motivated by their faith in god to investigate the details of god ' s handiwork. this enterprise has a profoundly theological root in terms of serving god and honoring the lord. i believe there ' s certainly a foundation for encouraging christians to go into science. science nowadays is a component of almost everything that we as a society do. so science and technology are part of our agriculture, our national defense, our entertainment, our education, our transportation, our media, our little gadgets, and certainly our medicine. we would be foolish to take a backseat in understanding science and technology or to understanding the ethical concerns that come along with our advancements. i think christians should be diligent at all kinds of endeavors, including science and technology, as a means of service. in these fields, we need not only people with bright technical minds, but also people who are thinking deeply about the purpose of scientific exploration and technological development and the bigger picture — the values and priorities of our society. i think my scientific education has matured my faith in some ways by helping me see that god sometimes works through processes that take patience beyond what the human mind can imagine. in other words, while god can perform instant miracles, his traditional mode of operation has been to set up natural law and processes through which the universe is unfolding. that ' s beautiful. that shows us a god of patience and a god of faithfulness that ' s beyond our ability, with our short life spans and our fast - food mentality, to contemplate. when i look at things like the geologic time span for mountains and canyons to form across the globe, for continents to move, even for planets and new stars to form, i see the kind of drama that ' s taking place under the natural laws that god has ordained. that speaks to a god of grandeur and patience and unfathomable time and space, a god who is more powerful than the kind of quickfix god that we ' re often tempted to imagine. in this hubble space telescope image from 2007, jupiter ’ s largest moon, ganymede ( right ), is visible, along with jupiter ’ s great red spot, a storm the size of two earths that has been raging for more than 300 years.


##ble space telescope image from 2007, jupiter ’ s largest moon, ganymede ( right ), is visible, along with jupiter ’ s great red spot, a storm the size of two earths that has been raging for more than 300 years. in my lifetime i ' m hoping that we can do two things in particular. i ' m hoping we can explore the moons of jupiter and saturn more thoroughly to find out if there are any life forms on these moons, in particular, for example, in the oceans under the ice of europa. i ' m also hoping that we will at least find out if there are other earth - like planets around other stars that have oceans and continents, and maybe if we can even detect the signature of biological activity from things like plants. that, to me, would be tremendously exciting. when you look at objects with professional telescopes, you really get amazing details. we can see with spatial precision that would be otherwise unobtainable. and we can also see in wavelengths of light that our eyes can ' t otherwise see, infrared light and ultraviolet light. there ' s certainly the scientific advantage of looking at objects with professional telescopes because our eyes see only a tiny fraction of the color range by which things in space emit their light. on the other hand, i would say that my favorite kind of astronomy is going out to a dark place with just my eyes and maybe a pair of binoculars. by seeing the larger - scale grandeur of the sky, i think you get a much better personal sense of the magnitude of the universe that we live in, and the sense of collective beauty of all these stars and planets being apparent at once. i hope that people will take the time to find a dark place on a dark night and look up for a while, because it ' s an experience like no other. online extra : read about jennifer wiseman ' s own research and highlights of other discoveries.


a cloaking device is a form of stealth technology that uses selective bending of light ( and other forms of energy ) to render a starship or other object completely invisible to the electromagnetic spectrum and most sensors. it has been encountered in varying forms over the centuries. cloaking devices in star trek the purpose of a cloak is to prevent detection before combat and when fleeing combat, and cloaking devices have been able to hide vessels from all but the most advanced scanners and tracking systems. cloaking devices have been usually used for stealth, and its combat use is limited usually to moving into position for an ambush. for example, the early cloaking device was a perfect supplement to the romulan plasma weapon allowing the bird of prey to approach as close as possible to deploy the limited - range weapon for maximum effectiveness. the early cloaks were proprietary technology of the romulans. in the first recorded instance of military use of a cloaking device against a starfleet vessel, the cloaked romulan vessel was completely invisible to visible light and targeting scanners, but she could still be detected on motion sensors and was tracked in this manner by the enterprise throughout the engagement near the neutral zone. this form of tracking proved poor for targeting and precision movement, forcing captain kirk to lay down a pattern of weapon fire in hopes of catching his target. ( tos, " balance of terror " ) later on as part of an ongoing technology - sharing program, the klingons gained the cloaking device and romulans abandoned their existing warbird design in favor of klingon vessels like the d - 7 ( tos, " the enterprise incident " ). klingons began using cloaking devices on their own bird of prey designs, as seen in the genesis incident when kruge ' s bird of prey penetrated deep into federation space destroying the uss grissom and ambushing the enterprise utilizing the cloaking device. ( star trek iii : the search for spock ) the performance characteristics of cloaking devices have changed over time. for instance, the klingon cloaking device in st3 created a visible distortion effect when the ship was in motion, but it successfully hid the ship from all other forms of detection. as seen in the tng era and onward, the cloaking devices available to the klingons and romulans have grown much more sophisticated. klingons cloaks are so advanced that even when cloaking and decloaking within several kilometers of deep space nine, the sensor suites could not accurately track the klingon


the klingons and romulans have grown much more sophisticated. klingons cloaks are so advanced that even when cloaking and decloaking within several kilometers of deep space nine, the sensor suites could not accurately track the klingon vessels ( ds9, " way of the warrior " ). romulan warbirds were also able to approach the station completely unseen and decloak within several kilometers despite the station being at battle stations, a klingon fleet and federation vessels all within range and expecting a dominion attack. ( ds9, " by inferno ' s light " ) one of the most recent evolutions of cloaking technology was seen twice, once by klingon design and another by the romulans. general chang of the klingon empire utilized a bird of prey that could fire while cloaked, a notorious limitation of most cloaking devices. this bird of prey was destroyed over khitomer and was the only known proto - type. we have not seen a cloaked klingon ship accomplish this since. the cloaking device used on the scimitar also allowed the vessel to fire while cloaked and was used with devastating effectiveness against the enterprise - e. this may be the natural progression of the device should greater enhancements be made in the future, but advances in sensor technology may defeat this cloaking system, as apparently occurred with chang ' s now - obsolete cloak. cloaking device politics the federation is banned from developing cloaking devices by the treaty of algeron with the romulan empire. the circumstances under which the federation agreed to hamstring itself by not developing this technology are unknown. despite the ban, the federation did produce one illegal cloaking device - one that is a quantum leap ahead of anything produced by either the romulans or the klingons - a phase cloak that allows a vessel to pass through solid matter. cloaking devices have high power requirements. consequently, depending on their power sources, cloaked vessels are usually weakly shielded, if shielded at all. similarly, cloaked ships have relatively little power available for their weapon systems. because cloaking devices are integrated into a ship ' s shield systems, cloaking and decloaking usually creates a window of vulnerability in which shields are not functional ; commander riker exploited such a weakness in star trek : generations to destroy a klingon bird of prey. the initial romulan cloaking device was so power intensive that it nearly drained the energy reserves of the romulan bird of prey during its


riker exploited such a weakness in star trek : generations to destroy a klingon bird of prey. the initial romulan cloaking device was so power intensive that it nearly drained the energy reserves of the romulan bird of prey during its battle with the enterprise in " balance of terror ". one can speculate that the primary reason a cloaked vessel cannot fire while cloaked is that too much power is required for maintaining the cloak to properly power the weapons systems. this is hinted at when captain kruge warns his ship ' s gunner to transfer power to the weapons " at my command, " perhaps concerned that power would be transfered too soon, thus compromising the cloak. ( star trek iii : the search for spock ) romulan officers do not consider their cloaking technology sufficient to bypass the prepared defenses at the federation border ( tng, face of the enemy ). a cloaking device can be defeated using a tachyon net ; a cloaked ship trying to pass through the net will still interrupt one of the tachyon beams being transmitted among the ships participating in the net, revealing its location. in certain rare instances, cloaked vessels have been spotted by the naked eye, such as in star trek iii : the search for spock, or the external visuals in star trek : nemesis. cloaking devices in star wars cloaking devices have been mentioned a couple of times in the star wars movies, but they have only been described in use in post - movie novels. in star wars : the empire strikes back, when the isd avenger loses track of the millennium falcon, captain needa dismisses the possibility that his target engaged a cloaking device because the target ship is too small to have one. in the heir to the empire series of novels by timothy zahn, grand admiral thrawn employs cloaking devices in several ways. according to these novels, a ship can avoid detection with a cloaking device, but the cloaked ship is also completely blind, limiting the usefulness of the device. cloaking devices in stargate the goa ' uld posses some level of cloaking technology which can be used on both a human scale as well as on the scale of small spacecraft such as al ' kesh and tel ' taks. for the most part cloaking devices on the scale of capital ships such as ha ' tak are beyond the technical copacity of the goa ' uld, with the notable exception of that of sokar ' s realm. puddle jumpers are also


mines of guanajuato guanajuato had its beginnings in the discovery of prodigious silver mines, which at the end of the eighteenth century converted the city into the largest silver producer ever known up to that time. the first discoveries are shrouded in legend, making it difficult to distinguish reality from fiction. however, there seems to be no doubt that it was in the year 1558 that work began on the first mineshafts of the rayas and mellado mines, and it was in that same year that the famous mother lode of guanajuato was discovered from those very mineshafts. this generous vein runs through the hills that border the city to the north and northeast, and it has left on the surface a constellation of mines and mineshafts channeling downward to catch the vein in its sinuous trajectory. on the tops of these hills, there are quite a few impressive ruins which signal the presence of mining work. sure enough, nestled in the spaces between these hills one finds the mines of calderones, el cedro, and el cubo, at the south end of the city ; and in the hills at the north end, peregrina, villalpando, penafiel, san nicolas, sirena, la garrapata, rayas - mellado, la cata, tepeyac, valenciana, santa ana, la luz, and many more. the rayas mine : this mine owes its name to the muleteer juan rayas, who discovered it in 1550. this was the first mine in guanajuato. its 1400 foot mineshaft is considered one of the longest in the world. barrio of mellado the cata mine : this mine is the site of a lovely church built in the seventeenth century. its pink cantera stone facade is baroque in style. barrio of cata the valenciana mine : this was the most productive mine in the city, and it is still in operation. at the end of the eighteenth century and the start of the nineteenth, this mine produced two - thirds of all the silver from guanajuato that was exported to spain and asia. the silver from the valenciana mine helped support the spanish empire and its colonies. barrio of valenciana valenciana mine entrance this mine entrance is now under the administration of the santa fe mine engineering cooperative, which has made it into an attraction suitable for visitors. one can go down into the mineshafts and observe the work conditions


barrio of valenciana valenciana mine entrance this mine entrance is now under the administration of the santa fe mine engineering cooperative, which has made it into an attraction suitable for visitors. one can go down into the mineshafts and observe the work conditions of miners during the viceroyalty period. next to the church of valenciana san ramon mine entrance during the mid - sixteenth century, audacious miners went deep into the earth to extract rock containing precious metals, gold and silver. the silver mother lode is located in the center of mexico, and the city of guanajuato has played a major role in its exploitation, with its valenciana mining district. the san ramon mine entrance leads into the valenciana mine, the most important of the viceroyalty period. some of the mine ' s tunnels go as deep as 450 meters ( 1476 ft. ) below ground. the experimental mine el nopal exploratory work began on this mine before 1868. this was the year in which the nopal mine and annexes mining company was formed, with the objective of exploring and exploiting the silver veins at el nopal and other mines. today, the mine ' s goal is to educate residents and visitors and provide guided tours. tours have trained guides and accident insurance. request more information your comments or questions :


terrorism is mostly linked to differences in opinion between different sects of a religion, an example being muslim extremists. muslim extremists in the middle east have radical opinions on the details of their religion. the ira in ireland terrorizes anyone who goes against their ideals. terrorism is caused when one group of radicals feels the necessity to attack another group. in addition, terrorism can be caused when one group feels that they are doing the right thing, when in the eyes of someone else, these same actions could be offensive and could cause unrest. like the united states christians who gave aid to the christians in ireland. the un has ways to deal with unrest between countries, and has peacekeeping committees to try to stop terrorism before it starts. in order to stop terrorism in the middle east, there must be a clear separation of secular and state. the sharia in muslim countries does not have laws that provide protection against modern day technology and advances in culture. the middle eastern countries that are ruled by religious laws have to start to regulate weapon usage and the availability of explosives and other dangerous chemicals. an increase in the global population greatly affects many aspects of everyday life for everyone in the world. population increases causes a vicious cycle of urbanization. urbanization is the movement of people from rural areas to cities in search of employment opportunities and a education. urbanization is caused by an increase need for employment. people who live in rural areas have a lesser availability of jobs and resources, so moving to the city... [ continues ] cite this essay ( 2010, 09 ). thematic essay - how global issues affect the whole world. studymode. com. retrieved 09, 2010, from http : / / www. studymode. com / essays / thematic - essay - how - global - issues - affect - 421122. html " thematic essay - how global issues affect the whole world " studymode. com. 09 2010. 09 2010 < http : / / www. studymode. com / essays / thematic - essay - how - global - issues - affect - 421122. html >. " thematic essay - how global issues affect the whole world. " studymode. com. 09, 2010. accessed 09, 2010. http : / / www. studymode. com / essays / thematic - essay - how - global - issues - affect - 421122. html.


how cane sugar is made - extraction there are several important aspects to extraction which involve the energy balance of the factory, the efficiency of extraction and therefore ultimately the profitability of operations : - the manager needs to process the cane as soon as possible if sugar losses are to be avoided yet needs to have a sufficient supply in storage for times when cutting and transport are stopped, whether deliberately or not. typically, cane is processed within 24 hours of cutting ; - cane preparation is critical to good sugar extraction, particularly with diffusion extraction. this is achieved with rotating knives and sometimes hammer mills called " shredders ". however shredding requires extra energy and more equipment ; - the extraction is actually conducted as a counter - current process using fresh hot water at one end being pumped in the opposite direction to the cane. the more water that is used, the more sugar is extracted but the more dilute the mixed juice is and hence the more energy that is required to evaporate the juice ; - the more accurately that the mills are set [ adjusted ], the drier is the residual fibre and hence the less sugar remaining in the fibre ; a typical mixed juice from extraction will contain perhaps 15 % sugar and the residual fibre, called bagasse, will contain 1 to 2 % sugar, about 50 % moisture and some of the sand and grit from the field as " ash ". a typical cane might contain 12 to 14 % fibre which, at 50 % moisture content gives about 25 to 30 tons of bagasse per 100 tons of cane or 10 tons of sugar.


repair of rectocele or enterocele a reference rectocele opens new window reference opens new window occurs when the end of the large intestine ( rectum ) pushes against and moves the back wall of the reference vagina opens new window. an enterocele ( small bowel prolapse ) occurs when the reference small bowel opens new window reference opens new window presses against and moves the upper wall of the vagina. reference rectoceles opens new window and reference enteroceles opens new window develop if the lower pelvic muscles become damaged by labor, childbirth, or a previous pelvic surgery or when the muscles are weakened by aging. a rectocele or an enterocele can be present at birth ( congenital ), though this is rare. a rectocele or an enterocele may become large or more obvious when you strain or bear down ( for example, during a bowel movement ). a rectocele and an enterocele may occur together, especially if you have had surgery to remove the uterus ( reference hysterectomy opens new window ). because rectocele and enterocele are defects of the pelvic supporting tissue and not the bowel wall, they are treated most successfully with surgery that repairs the vaginal wall. this surgery pulls together the stretched or torn tissue in the area of prolapse. surgery will also strengthen the wall of the vagina to prevent prolapse from recurring. unless there is another health problem that would require an abdominal incision, rectoceles and enteroceles are usually repaired through the vagina. | by : | | reference healthwise staff | | last revised : october 9, 2012 | | medical review : | | reference sarah marshall, md - family medicine reference femi olatunbosun, mb, frcsc - obstetrics and gynecology


exams and tests your doctor will usually diagnose pneumonia with : - your reference medical history. - a reference physical exam. - a chest x - ray, which is almost always done to check for changes in the lungs that may mean pneumonia and to look for other causes of your symptoms. but an x - ray does not always show whether you have pneumonia, especially if it is done when you first get sick. in some cases, the x - ray results may : - suggest the type of organism ( bacterial, viral, or fungal ) causing pneumonia. - show reference complications of pneumonia. - show conditions that may occur with pneumonia, such as fluid in the chest cavity or a collapsed lung. - reveal another condition, such as heart failure, lung cancer, or acute bronchitis. lab tests for pneumonia the need for more tests often depends on how severe your symptoms are, your age, and your overall health. in general, the sicker you are, the more tests you will have. this is especially true for older adults and infants. if you are very ill, have severe shortness of breath, or have a condition that increases your risk ( such as asthma or copd ), your doctor may test your mucus. tests include a reference gram stain and a reference sputum culture. rapid urine test this test can identify some bacteria that cause pneumonia. this can help guide treatment for pneumonia. in people who have reference impaired immune systems opens new window, pneumonia may be caused by other organisms, including some forms of fungi, such as pneumocystis jiroveci ( formally called pneumocystis carinii ). this fungus often causes pneumonia in people who have aids. some doctors may suggest an reference hiv opens new window test if they think that pneumocystis jiroveci is causing the pneumonia. other lung tests if you have severe pneumonia, you may need reference other tests, including tests to check for complications and to find out how well your immune system is working.


interactive tool : what is your risk for a stroke if you have atrial fibrillation? talk to your doctor about how to lower your risk of stroke if you have atrial fibrillation. medicine and lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking or eating a reference heart - healthy diet, can help lower your risk of stroke. for help deciding if taking an anticoagulant is right for you, see : - opens new window atrial fibrillation : should i take an anticoagulant to prevent stroke? opens new window for help deciding which anticoagulant to take, see : - opens new window atrial fibrillation : which anticoagulant should i take to prevent stroke? opens new window for more information, see the topic reference atrial fibrillation. this tool was derived from wang tj, et al. ( 2003 ). a risk score for predicting stroke or death in individuals with new - onset atrial fibrillation in the community : the framingham heart study. jama, 290 ( 8 ) : 1049 – 1056. the framingham heart study is a project of the national heart, lung, and blood institute, a part of the national institutes of health and the u. s. department of health and human services, and boston university. more information is available online at www. framinghamheartstudy. org. | by : | | reference healthwise staff | | last revised : reference november 30, 2010 | | medical review : | | reference e. gregory thompson, md - internal medicine reference john m. miller, md, facc - cardiology, electrophysiology


| by pr newswire | | | january 24, 2013 12 : 02 am est | | san jose, calif., jan. 24, 2013 / prnewswire / - - researchers from ibm ( nyse : ibm ) and the institute of bioengineering and nanotechnology revealed today an antimicrobial hydrogel that can break through diseased biofilms and completely eradicate drug - resistant bacteria upon contact. the synthetic hydrogel, which forms spontaneously when heated to body temperature, is the first - ever to be biodegradable, biocompatible and non - toxic, making it an ideal tool to combat serious health hazards facing hospital workers, visitors and patients. traditionally used for disinfecting various surfaces, antimicrobials can be found in traditional household items like alcohol and bleach. however, moving from countertops to treating drug resistant skin infections or infectious diseases in the body are proving to be more challenging as conventional antibiotics become less effective and many household surface disinfectants are not suitable for biological applications. ibm research and its collaborators developed a remoldable synthetic antimicrobial hydrogel, comprised of more than 90 % water, which, if commercialized, is ideal for applications like creams or injectable therapeutics for wound healing, implant and catheter coatings, skin infections or even orifice barriers. able to colonize on almost any tissue or surface, microbial biofilms - which are adhesive groupings of diseased cells present in 80 % of all infections - persist at various sites in the human body, especially in association with medical equipment and devices. they contribute significantly to hospital - acquired infections, which are among the top five leading causes of death in the united states and account for up to $ 11 billion in healthcare spending each year. despite advanced sterilization and aseptic techniques, infections associated with medical devices have not been eradicated. this is due, in part, to the development of drug - resistant bacteria. according to the cdc, antibiotic drug resistance in the u. s. costs an estimated $ 20 billion a year in healthcare costs as well as 8 million additional days spent in the hospital. through the precise tailoring of polymers, researchers designed macromolecules, a molecular structure containing a large number of atoms, which combine water solubility, positive charge, and biodegradability characteristics. when mixed with water and heated to body temperature the polymers self - assemble, swelling into a synthetic gel that


a soyuz rocket launched two galileo satellites into orbit on friday, marking a crucial step for europe ’ s planned navigation system, operator arianespace announced. the launch took place at the kourou space base in french guiana, at 3 : 15pm ( 6 : 15pm gmt ). three and three - quarter hours later, the 700kg satellites were placed into orbit. the new satellites add to the first two in the galileo navigation system, which were launched on oct. 21, last year. together they create a “ mini - constellation. ” four is the minimum number of satellites needed to gain a navigational fix on the ground, using signals from the satellite to get a position for latitude, longitude, altitude and a time reference. galileo will ultimately consist of 30 satellites, six more than the us global positioning system. by 2015, 18 satellites should be in place, which is sufficient for launching services to the public, followed by the rest in 2020, according to the european space agency. it is claimed that the system will be accurate to within one meter. the us global positioning system, which became operational in 1995 and is currently being upgraded, is currently accurate to between three and eight meters. in may, the european commission said the cost by 2015 would be 5 billion euros ( us $ 6. 45 billion ). as a medium - sized launcher, soyuz complements europe ’ s heavyweight ariane 5 and lightweight vega rockets.


what is pink eye and what are the symptoms? pink eye, or conjunctivitis, is an inflammation of the clear membrane that covers the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelids. pink eye can be a bacterial or viral infection and may occur with colds or childhood diseases such as measles. another type of conjunctivitis can be caused by environmental allergies. conjunctivitis can be spread from one eye to the other and from one person to another. conjunctivitis is a very common condition in children. frequent signs and symptoms of pink eye include : eye discomfort or pain, gritty feeling in the eye, redness of the eye, clear, green, or yellow discharge from the eye, swollen eyelids, sensitivity to bright light, intense itching ( allergic conjunctivitis only ) and crust that forms on the eyelashes after sleeping. what are styes and what are the symptoms? a stye is an infection or inflammation of the upper or lower eyelid. styes are caused by bacterial infection ( most often staphylococcal or staph ) in a hair follicle or a gland in the corner of the eye. the infection may be limited to the eyelid or may have spread from somewhere else in the body. styes are typically harmless. frequent signs and symptoms of styes include : - a bump on the edge of the eyelid. - the eyelid area is red, swollen, painful, or tender. the head of the stye is usually on the outside, but it may be on the underside of the lid. - eye may be sensitive to bright light. - a gritty feeling in the eye. - eye may water. what is the treatment? visit a take care clinicsm if you think you may have pink eye or a stye. an exam of the affected eye will confirm the diagnosis and an appropriate treatment plan can be put into place to help relieve symptoms.


messages : packets, frames, datagrams and cells ( page 1 of 2 ) many networking technologies are based on packet switching, which involves the creation of small chunks of data to be sent over a network. even though the word packet appears in the name of this method, the data items sent between networked devices are most generically called messages. packet is one of a variety of similar words that are used in different contexts to refer to messages sent from one device to another. in some cases these different terms can be very useful ; simply the type of name used for the message can tell you something about what the message contains. in particular, different message names are usually associated with protocols and technologies operating at specific layers of the osi reference model. thus, the use of these different names can help clarify discussions that involve multiple protocols operating at different layers. unfortunately, these terms can also cause confusion, because they are not always applied in a universal or even consistent manner. some people are strict about applying particular message designations only to the appropriate technologies where they are normally used, while others use the different terms completely interchangeably. this means that you should be familiar with the different message types and how they are normally used, but be prepared for the unexpected. home - table of contents - contact us the tcp / ip guide ( http : / / www. tcpipguide. com ) version 3. 0 - version date : september 20, 2005 © copyright 2001 - 2005 charles m. kozierok. all rights reserved. not responsible for any loss resulting from the use of this site.


next stop ipad : vannevar bush, shown here with an analog computer he ’ d invented, imagined a day when tiny devices contained libraries. in a 1933 essay for tr, vannevar bush, then mit ’ s dean of engineering, wrote a sardonic report in which he pretended to be somebody from the distant future who looked back with distaste on the “ preposterous ” and “ grotesque ” state of technology in the 1930s. to illustrate his points, he followed a hypothetical professor confronting the various indignities of a typical day. we read of the trials of the men of that day and wonder that they could have been apparently content with their mode of life, its discomforts, and its annoyances. instead, we should admire them for having made the best of a hard situation, and treasure the rugged qualities which they exemplified … consider, for example, a professor in some northern urban university, and let us attempt to appreciate the sort of life he led, with a sympathetic attempt to evaluate the extent to which his efforts were circumscribed by the hardships and discomforts of his daily existence. in a sense, bush ’ s article was just a way to poke fun at himself and his contemporaries. the telephone, he lamented, distorted the professor ’ s speech while ensnaring him in a tangle of wires ; the incessant clatter of the typewriter in his office made thought impossible ; he actually had to be present in the classroom to give his lectures rather than broadcast “ a much more finished presentation by vocal cinema. ” but the essay also demonstrated the visionary intelligence that bush would put to good use during world war ii as director of the office of scientific research and development ( the office ’ s support of radar research was critical to the war effort ). his criticism of life in the 1930s sprang from his conviction that future technology would improve things. take the university library, the sheer scale of which made finding relevant information time - consuming and difficult : the library, to which our professor probably turned, was enormous. long banks of shelves contained tons of books, and yet it was supposed to be a working library and not a museum. he had to paw over cards, thumb pages, and delve by the hour. it was time - wasting and exasperating indeed. many well remember the amazing incredulity which greeted the first presentation of the unabridged dictionary on a square foot of film. the idea that one might have the contents of a thousand volumes located in a


wasting and exasperating indeed. many well remember the amazing incredulity which greeted the first presentation of the unabridged dictionary on a square foot of film. the idea that one might have the contents of a thousand volumes located in a couple of cubic feet in a desk, so that by depressing a few keys one could have a given page instantly projected before him, was regarded as the wildest source of fancy. historians of science see this sentence as bush ’ s first description of a device he eventually dubbed the “ memex, ” which he introduced more fully in a 1945 article for the atlantic monthly. from a technological perspective, the predigital device that he conceived was nothing more than a souped - up microfilm reader. but the idea of a personal information indexing and retrieval device directly inspired the inventors of hypertext, the basic organizing principle of the web. bush ’ s idea also foreshadowed the development of intuitive, easy - to - use tablet computers like the ipad. bush saw the development of such devices as inevitable, and he imparted his vision to his students, including claude shannon. four years later, shannon would prove that electrical circuits could be used to perform logic operations, thus initiating the digital revolution that made it all possible. the technologies we now take for granted would have solved many of the problems that bush ’ s hapless professor faced. but his accounting of the shortcomings of his own era might just as well be applied to our own. it may be asked why, with all this opportunity, we had to wait so long for the obvious … perhaps it was ascribable in a measure to the prevailing social code which then forced all men to dress alike and, to some extent, to think alike. or, it may have been that the pressure of advertising propaganda had induced a mass psychology which led people to believe they had arrived at some sort of mechanical utopia with which they were duty bound to be content.


people in the areas affected by wildfires are struggling to survive. the red cross have been distributing meals, snacks drinks and equipment such as shovels and dust masks. they face a huge task as such large areas are affected. oklahoma state is a huge area and in response to the need there the red cross has added an extra 200 workers to help out. in washington there are reports that thousands of acres of land have been lost due to a wiildfire. people have also been evacuated from the area. yesterday, august 14, it was texas affected and today california. the spread of the fires is alarming. the us is no stranger to summer wildfires but 2012 is proving a testing year. other extreme weather has caused problems also. 20 - year - old ann veseth lost her life fighting one fire. she was a forest fire fighter. ann died last sunday in idaho. rip. unless there is a break in the weather the fires covering swathes of land in the western states of america look set to continue for some time. currently there are around 62 reported fires burning. controlling them will be a huge task for the fire services. houses and structures have been damaged beyond repair and it will be a costly and slow process restoring towns and rural areas. the death of ann veseth proves, if you needed proof, just how dangerous fire fighting is. citizens should leave it to the professionals unless there is no alternative.


a diaphragmatic hernia is a birth defect in which there is an abnormal opening in the diaphragm, the muscle that helps you breathe. the opening allows part of the organs from the belly ( stomach, spleen, liver, and intestines ) to go up into the chest cavity near the lungs. hernia - diaphragmatic ; congenital hernia of the diaphragm causes, incidence, and risk factors : a diaphragmatic hernia is caused by the improper joining of structures during fetal development. as a result, the abdominal organs such as the stomach, small intestine, spleen, part of the liver, and the kidney appear in the chest cavity. the lung tissue on the affected side is thus not allowed to completely develop. congenital diaphragmatic hernia is seen in 1 out of every 2, 200 to 5, 000 live births. most affect the left side. having a parent or sibling with the condition slightly increases your risk. severe breathing difficulty usually develops shortly after the baby is born, because of ineffective movement of the diaphragm and crowding of the lung tissue, which causes collapse. the reason why this occurs is not known. other symptoms include : signs and tests : the pregnant mother may have excessive amounts of amniotic fluid. fetal ultrasound may show abdominal contents in the chest cavity. examination of the infant shows : a chest x - ray may show abdominal organs in chest cavity. a diaphragmatic hernia is an emergency that requires surgery. surgery is done to place the abdominal organs into the proper position and repair the opening in the diaphragm. see : diaphragmatic hernia repair - congenital the infant will need breathing support until he or she recovers from surgery. some infants are placed on a heart / lung bypass machine, which gives the lungs a chance to recover and expand after surgery. if a diaphragmatic hernia is diagnosed during pregnancy ( around 24 to 28 weeks ), fetal surgery may be considered. congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a very serious disorder. the outcome of surgery depends on how well your baby ' s lungs have developed. usually the outlook is very good for infants who have enough lung tissue. with advances in neonatal and surgical care, survival is now greater than 80 %. - lung infections - other congenital problems calling your health care provider : go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number ( such as 911 ). a diaphragmatic hernia is a surgical emergency.


how rioters act like shoppers shortly after the riots that spread across london in the summer of 2011, media outlets in the city began publishing maps trying to make sense of the event. they ran illustrations showing the sites of the worst rioting, as well as other maps cross - referencing the clusters of violence with the known home addresses – using court records – of people who ’ d been arrested in it. at the time, these maps struck several researchers studying urban systems at university college london. “ we thought, ‘ this is a spatial system, and it looks a bit like something we have looked at before, ’ ” says toby davies, one of the academics. he and his colleagues were picturing, more specifically, spatial models of how shoppers behave in search of retail. and this got them thinking. “ it looks like retail, " davies says, " and retail is something we know we can model. ” why not try to mathematically model the movement of rioters? their research on this question, just published in the journal scientific reports, yields two curious insights : rioters in search of retail to loot make rational decisions just like shoppers do about where to find the good stuff and how far they ’ re willing to travel to get there. and this means that the spatial layout of a city may be just as important as its social dynamics in explaining the rise and spread of riots. most research about london ’ s much - studied summer of 2011 has focused instead on the latter, on human behavior rather than urban space. “ we ’ re encouraging people to think in an explicitly geographic way, ” davies says, “ to really think about the places where these riots are taking place, to think about how rioters prioritize on that basis. ” those 2011 riots were particularly characterized by massive looting, which makes the analogy to shopping particular apt. any time you model a scenario where people have choices, davies says, you have to first consider how attractive a given destination is in the perception of the shopper – or looter – considering a trip there. people are hindered by the cost of traveling, but they ’ re also lured longer distances by prime targets. you buy your milk from around the corner. but you might drive several miles to a mall that has both an apple store and a brookstone. rioters make very similar calculations. “ places where there are more goods to loot, in this context – or more shopping opportunities in the non - criminal case – attract people, ” davies says. this is an obvious idea


and a brookstone. rioters make very similar calculations. “ places where there are more goods to loot, in this context – or more shopping opportunities in the non - criminal case – attract people, ” davies says. this is an obvious idea : looters will congregate at retail hubs, and so you may want to pinpoint them on your police map. but davies and his colleagues have also looked at the proximity of potential rioters to destinations that might draw them. they examined areas that rank poorly on the u. k. ’ s index of multiple deprivation ( a much more complex measure than the u. s. poverty rate of a given community ). “ we ’ re very careful to say that deprivation isn ’ t necessarily a cause of [ rioting ], ” davies says. “ but there is a clear statistical relationship with deprivation. in more deprived areas, the rate of offending is higher. ” this means that if you have a commercial hub but the populations nearby aren ’ t particularly deprived, the likelihood of looting there is smaller. likewise, a deprived community with no retail around looks in this mathematical model like a less likely source of rioting. in the model, all of this is also calibrated by one significant difference between looters and shoppers : looting can be contagious. in its present state, davies says, this model isn ’ t ready just yet to be deployed by police in a live scenario ( it doesn ’ t take into account, for example, london ’ s transportation system ). but the researchers hope to continue to refine it to where the system might be used in simulations by officers training or strategizing for how to respond to a future event. such a tool could tell them where an initial outbreak of rioting might spread, the size it could reach, or even which neighborhoods deserve some preventive attention to head off future risk. “ one of the challenges that the police face in riots is that they are very rare events, so they don ’ t get much chance to practice on how they react to them, ” davies says. “ if we can produce a way which simply simulates riots properly, then they can, as it were, ‘ set them off ’ in a controlled way and practice how they might respond to them. ’ in this spatial system – as in the london riots in 2011 – the worst offenses take place at retail sites. but the model could be transposed to other locations. a soccer riot, for instance, might spill out into nearby sports


researchers at the royal free and university college, london medical school, in the uk, investigated the association. first, the details. - 2038 elderly adults took part in the health survey for england 2005. - blood levels of 25 - hydroxy vitamin d ( 25 ( oh ) d ) levels, glycosylated hemoglobin ( a1c ), and age, sex, social class, season of examination, use of vitamin supplements, and physical health status were recorded. and, the results. - high blood sugar levels were associated with low vitamin d levels ( 25 ( oh ) d less than 25. 0 nmol / l and 25. 0 to 49. 9 nmol / l. - but not for 25 ( oh ) d between 50. 0 to 74. 9 nmol / l. the bottom line? the authors concluded, “ the higher - than - expected co - occurrence of low vitamin d levels and hyperglycemia ( a1c at least 6. 5 % ) are important public health concerns for older populations living in northern latitudes because both are common, and both have substantial adverse health consequences. ” future research may show that it helps reverse the increasing trend in diabetes mellitus and related complications in older people, say the authors. 11 / 28 / 11 19 : 29 jr


here you see what genocide means new project sets out to trace sites of holocaust mass - killings follow the jc on twitter debois, a french priest, has been collecting testimonies since 2001 often desolate, in isolated fields and overgrown forests, many sites of second world war mass - shootings of jews are in danger of being forgotten. and yet locals remember what happened in these places, and can point the way. their memories have formed the basis for a new mission to secure and preserve such sites. of the six million jews killed, more than a million were murdered by mass - killing units, mostly on the outskirts of towns and cities. " a lot of the mass - graves have been ignored and fallen into the wrong hands. at some sites, people are digging them up, " said joe shik, 30, a rabbinical supervisor for the london - based committee for the preservation of jewish cemeteries in europe. mr shik recently took part in a pilot project to assess the state of several sites in ukraine, co - ordinated by the american jewish committee, the central council of jews in germany, and the german war graves commission. german ' s foreign ministry has given 300, 000 euros to the project. " it ' s not like in germany, where you have jewish communities around, " said jan falbusch, program manager at the american jewish committee office in berlin, who led the recent delegation to ukraine. " there is nothing. you are walking through empty streets which used to be jewish. you see jewish traces. you walk in an old jewish cemetery that is vandalised. so in a way, you kind of experience what the term genocide really means. " the project was inspired by the work of the french catholic priest patrick desbois, who since 2001 has visited sites of mass - shootings of jews in ukraine and collected eyewitness testimonies. based on these testimonies, which are preserved in desbois ' s paris - based yahad - in - unum archive and at the us holocaust memorial museum in washington dc, the delegation was able to locate and assess the condition of a handful of sites in december. few people are left who could point the way to such sites, said william mengebier of yahad - in - unum. some elderly ukrainians may not recall dates, but they vividly recall the massacres and often lead researchers to the sites. some need to be marked off with fences, and in some cases, another layer of earth may have to be


1. entrance to the good food garden. 2. vegetable beds and a colorful mural along the wall. 3. baby lettuces and greens, surrounded by high - tech irrigation hoses. 4. individual projects ready to go in the ground. 5. herbs with their homemade, tongue depressor - stick labels. 7. a tender pea shoot climbing the trellis. 8. sampling something tasty. 9. getting the plot ready for planting. 10. stefania showing some kids the ropes. 11. pointing out plants in the new beds. 12. in the kitchen at the children ' s aid society, sprinkling seeds on chips. 13. chopping veggies in the kitchen workspace. 14. balls of dough, ready for seeds ( and then the oven ). 15. seeds for rolling individual balls of dough. 16. makings of the plant parts salad. our tour guide was stefania patinella, who runs the gardening and cooking programs for the children ' s aid society. on the day we visited, stefania was planning a lesson on the different parts of plants. the kids would first come to the garden to check on the progress of the seeds they ' d planted ( different age groups have their own plots ), then head to the kitchen in the building across the street to chop, cook, and eat some of the foods they ' d just seen growing in the dirt. there isn ' t much to harvest just yet ( although the pea shoots and broccoli were looking quite promising ), so stefania replicated some ingredients from the grocery store. the kids would each get a piece of dough that they could roll in seeds. then they ' d make a " plant parts salad " with seeds ( corn ), roots ( carrots ), stalks ( celery ), fruit ( tomatoes and cucumbers ), flowers ( broccoli ) and leaves ( lettuce ). educational and delicious! food network has opened good food gardens across the country, and there ' s a documentary series running right now on food network about the projects. but this is the only one in new york city. east 118th street, where the garden is located, is filled with children ' s aid society buildings and housing, plus other neighborhood revitalization organizations, so it ' s in a perfect spot to charm everyone from toddlers to teens to parents who walk past. and for kids who may not get adequate fresh produce in their diets, learning to grow it themselves is a big step


of this area which are truly magnificent and special, " he said. " i camped and kayaked there, and i realise why people are so passionate about the area. " but it is also true that this area is not... entirely pristine, and in some places there is nothing special to be seen. " the savage river iron ore mine operates within the tarkine ' s boundary. there are also mining " legacy " sites where acid leaches into rivers and needs to be cleaned up. mr burke said any new mining operations might need to clean up the pollution of previous mining. " it is a complex issue and each decision will be made on its merits, " he said. mining companies and the tasmanian minerals council have joined forces to push for new jobs in their sector. the tarkine became a mining frontier in 1871 when a massive tin deposit was discovered at mt bischoff near waratah. this north - west outpost contributed great wealth to launceston ; and st james church at waratah was the first place in tasmania to use an electric light after the manager of the mt bischoff mine had power for the mine ' s lighting connected to the church. western tasmania soon became the focus of explorers, prospectors and track cutters. however, the environment began to suffer. trees were cut down to provide fuel and structural support at the mines. there are still spots where acid leaches from the sites of these early operations. as early as 1872 chinese gold diggers diverted the arthur river to improve access to mine workings. corinna, which is now marketed as a pristine stepping stone to the tarkine wilderness, was a much rowdier place in the late 1880s when more than 2500 people came to the pieman river to mine for gold. it is the only surviving settlement of remote - area historical mining in the state. trees and buttongrass have reclaimed old towns such as balfour and luina. at balfour, only the chimney of the imperial hotel remains of what was once a thriving tin town of 500. and the only signs of the mining community at luina, on the whyte river, are a few streets, gutters and culverts, and flowers which once had pride of place in gardens. some mining companies hope to start digging next year. venture minerals says its workings near tullah are in an area with more than 120 years of mining history. the roads, railway lines and high - tensile powerlines are already in place. venture says it has also received a mining licence for


year. venture minerals says its workings near tullah are in an area with more than 120 years of mining history. the roads, railway lines and high - tensile powerlines are already in place. venture says it has also received a mining licence for its livingston ore deposit and is working through the environmental approval processes of state and federal authorities for each of its three proposals. venture has attracted the financial backing of tasmanian entrepreneur dale elphinstone. a venture spokesman said 60 jobs had been created in the north - west during the past five years as the company spent $ 1 million a month on developing its mining projects. the mt lindsay project has the potential to deliver $ 250 million in annual revenue, lifting tasmania ' s exports by 5 per cent, and to directly employ 500 - 1000 people during its development phase. the operational workforce would be more than 200. for mining in the tarkine : terry long, tasmanian minerals council the tarkine has a long mining history and new mines will provide economic benefits for 100 years, mr long said. " in the tarkine ' s present [ area ], it covers about 7 per cent of tasmania ' s land mass and about 80 per cent of it is already covered by formal, statutory reserves, " he said. mr long said the reserves were declared in multiple - use categories of the international union for the conservation of nature in the 1990s. " the idea is that resource exploitation and nature can co - exist, " he said. " any more restrictions on mining in the tarkine will result in the withdrawal of potential and substantial investment. " he said tasmanians needed to trust the environmental protection authority to assess mining applications and objectively decide if they could proceed. pointing to widespread support for the industry, mr long said tasmanian mining - - a website promoting the state ' s mining industry - - had up to 5000 visitors a week. the employment and economic benefits of tarkine mining proposals were massive, he said. venture minerals ' mt lindsay project would create about 1000 jobs during its construction phase and more than 200 long - term jobs. " in addition to the $ 150 million capital outlay, this project will pump $ 250 million a year into the tasmanian economy and boost exports by 5 per cent or more, " mr long said. against mining in the tarkine scott jordan, tarkine national coalition the tarkine is an amazing wilderness containing many rare and endangered species, mr jordan said. it is also one of the last disease - free refuges of the tasmanian devil, he said


dispensationalism is a theological system that teaches biblical history is best understood in light of a number of successive administrations of god ' s dealings with mankind, which it calls " dispensations. " it maintains fundamental distinctions between god ' s plans for national israel and for the new testament church, and emphasizes prophecy of the end - times and a pre - tribulation rapture of the church prior to christ ' s second coming. its beginnings are usually associated with the plymouth brethren movement in the uk and the teachings of john nelson darby. the plymouth brethren movement, basically a reaction against the established church in england and its ecclesiology, became known for its anti - denominational, anti - clerical, and anti - credal stance. while theologically orthodox, the plymouth brethren ( darby in particular ) developed unique ideas regarding the interpretation of scripture while emphasizing prophecy and the second coming of christ. the theology of this movement became known as " dispensationalism. " this new teaching spread in america through prophecy conferences such as the niagara bible conferences ( 1883 - 1897 ). james h. brookes ( 1830 - 1898 ), a pastor in st. louis and prominent figure in the niagara conferences, disseminated dispensationalist ideas through his ministry and publications. most importantly, dwight l. moody was sympathetic to the broad outlines of dispensationalism and had as his closest lieutenants dispensationalist leaders such as reuben a. torrey ( 1856 - 1928 ), james m. gray ( 1851 - 1925 ), cyrus i. scofield ( 1843 - 1921 ), william j. eerdman ( 1833 - 1923 ), a. c. dixon ( 1854 - 1925 ), and a. j. gordon ( 1836 - 1895 ). these men were activist evangelists who promoted a host of bible conferences and other missionary and evangelistic efforts. they also gave the dispensationalist movement institutional permanence by assuming leadership of the new independent bible institutes such as the moody bible institute ( 1886 ), the bible institute of los angeles ( 1907 ), and the philadelphia college of the bible ( 1914 ). the network of related institutes that soon sprang up became the nucleus for the spread of american dispensationalism. - the dispensation of innocence ( or freedom ), ( gen. 2 : 8 - 17, 25 ), prior to adam ' s fall, - of conscience, ( gen. 3 : 10 - 18 ; rom