very long chain acyl coa dehydrogenase deficiency ( lcad ) national organization for rare disorders, inc. it is possible that the main title of the report very long chain acyl coa dehydrogenase deficiency ( lcad ) is not the name you expected. please check the synonyms listing to find the alternate name ( s ) and disorder subdivision ( s ) covered by this report. synonyms back to top - nonketotic hypoglycemia caused by deficiency of acyl - coa dehydrogenase disorder subdivisions back to top general discussion back to top very long - chain acyl - coa dehydrogenase deficiency ( vlcad ) is a rare genetic disorder of fatty acid metabolism that is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. it occurs when an enzyme needed to break down certain very long - chain fatty acids is missing or not working properly. vlcad is one of the metabolic diseases known as fatty acid oxidation ( fod ) diseases. in the past, the name long - chain acyl - coa dehydrogenase deficiency ( lcad ) was applied to one such disease, but today it is believed that all cases once thought to be lcad are actually vlcad. the breakdown of fatty acids takes place in the mitochondria found in each cell. the mitochondria are small, well - defined bodies that are found in the cytoplasm of cells and in which the body generates energy from the breakdown of complex substances into simpler ones ( mitochondrial oxidation ). there appear to be two forms of vlcad : an early - onset, severe form which, if unrecognized and undiagnosed, may lead to extreme weakness of the heart muscles ( cardiomyopathy ) and may be life - threatening ( vlcad - c ), and a later - onset, milder form, sometimes referred to as vlcad - h, that is characterized by repeated bouts of low blood sugar ( hypoglycemia ). however, patients may present with a combination of symptoms and the disease is best thought of as being a continuum. since the advent of expanded newborn screening programs using tandem mass spectrometry technology, more vlcad infants are being detected earlier in the course of the disorder than in the past. resources back to top children living with inherited metabolic diseases ( climb ) 176 nantwich road crewe, intl cw2 6bg tel : 0845 241 2174 tel : 800 652 3181 united


of the disorder than in the past. resources back to top children living with inherited metabolic diseases ( climb ) 176 nantwich road crewe, intl cw2 6bg tel : 0845 241 2174 tel : 800 652 3181 united mitochondrial disease foundation 8085 saltsburg road pittsburgh, pa 15239 organic acidemia association p. o. box 1008 pinole, ca 94564 organic acidaemias uk 5 saxon road middlesex, intl tw15 1ql nih / national institute of diabetes, digestive & kidney diseases office of communications & public liaison bldg 31, rm 9a06 31 center drive, msc 2560 bethesda, md 20892 - 2560 fod ( fatty oxidation disorders ) family support group po box 54 okemos, mi 48864 genetic and rare diseases ( gard ) information center po box 8126 gaithersburg, md 20898 - 8126 po box 241956 los angeles, ca 90024 14 pembroke street medford, ma 02155 childhood liver disease research and education network c / o joan m. hines, research administrator the children ' s hospital 13123 e 16th ave. b290 aurora, co 80045 for a complete report back to top this is an abstract of a report from the national organization for rare disorders ( nord ). a copy of the complete report can be downloaded free from the nord website for registered users. the complete report contains additional information including symptoms, causes, affected population, related disorders, standard and investigational therapies ( if available ), and references from medical literature. for a full - text version of this topic, go to www. rarediseases. org and click on rare disease database under " rare disease information ". the information provided in this report is not intended for diagnostic purposes. it is provided for informational purposes only. nord recommends that affected individuals seek the advice or counsel of their own personal physicians. it is possible that the title of this topic is not the name you selected. please check the synonyms listing to find the alternate name ( s ) and disorder subdivision ( s ) covered by this report this disease entry is based upon medical information available through the date at the end of the topic. since nord ' s resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every entry in the rare disease database completely current and accurate. please check with the agencies listed in the resources section for the most current information about this disorder. for additional information and assistance about rare disorders


- discussion questions : what is a blizzard? what do you do when there is a blizzard? tell about a not - so - great birthday. what happened or didn ' t happen? - language arts : have groups plan a class birthday party. decide on a theme, make invitations, make birthday cards, write directions for games, make a menu. - writing : write about your perfect birthday or a snow day. make a list of fun things to do on a snow day. - math : graph birthday months and / or days of the month - science : chart the weather for a month, recording precipitation, storms, temperature, etc. research record setting blizzards or snow storms. research blizzards, - social studies : learn about one - room schools. discuss the impact of blizzards on travel, commerce, utilities, etc. - drama : do a pantomime of birthday activities such as blowing out the candles, etc. - cooking / food : what would you serve to unexpected guests? - art : make a picture of a " blizzard " day, use a white " wash " to look like blowing snow. - music : sing some of the songs from the story. - movement : make a human chain in an open area. have only the first person with eyes open, lead the others. - technology : brainstorm weather words and their meanings. illustrate slides to make a weather dictionary in kid pix. put the slides into a class slide show. - compare and contrast : the blizzard with nora ' s ark, another monarch book about a flood.


new cat study underscores importance of spaying and neutering though you may treat your cat as though she were just another member of the family, it ' s important to remember that even domesticated felines can still occasionally tap into their " wild side. " any owner who has opened their back door to let their cat in only to find a dead mouse or bird on their stoop is likely aware of this fact. while it ' s not necessarily unhealthy for felines to hunt, a new study suggests that the tendency of cats to capture and kill prey could be damaging the environment, according to usa today. cat hunting statistics according to research published in the journal nature communications, the number of birds and small mammals killed by cats every year is much higher than previously thought. after analyzing data from a number of sources, researchers from the u. s. fish and wildlife service found that felines are responsible for the deaths of anywhere from 1. 4 billion to 3. 7 billion birds a year. cats also kill as many as 20. 7 billion mammals annually, including mice, shrews, rabbits and voles. it ' s not just feral or stray cats who are responsible for these deaths - researchers estimate that about 50 to 80 percent of domesticated outdoor cats are hunters, reports npr. for those who dislike rodents or birds, hunting and killing small animals may not seem like cat behavior problems. however, with about one third of the 800 species of birds in the u. s. marked as endangered, the implications of this issue could be widespread. " our findings suggest that free - ranging cats cause substantially greater wildlife mortality than previously thought and are likely the single greatest source of anthropogenic [ human - related ] mortality for u. s. birds and mammals, " peter marra of the smithsonian ' s conservation biology institute told usa today. cats may even be a greater threat to avian wildlife than wind turbines or glass windows. what can pet owners do fortunately, there are ways that conscientious cat owners can help alleviate this problem. neutering or spaying a cat is a good start, as this can help decrease the number of felines living in the u. s. currently, there are many cats who wind up in adoption shelters or on the streets because they are unable to find a home. if you have an outdoor cat, it may be wise to consider moving her indoors, at least for portions of the year. this will not only help cut down on her hunting habits, it can also


puppy training 101 : how to properly socialize your dog - provided by vetstreet. com socializing a puppy is a lot like drumming up friends of your own : the more you mingle, the more progress you make. introduce a puppy to all the new things you can ( people, places and other animals ). when a puppy isn ' t exposed to new things, social development may become stunted or, worse, regress. the goal of socializing is a confident, outgoing dog that isn ' t shy or aggressive. practice safe socialization " but wait! " you say. " what about disease? my veterinarian told me to keep my puppy at home until his last puppy shot. and you ' re saying i should go out? is that safe? " your veterinarian is right : your puppy is at risk of contracting diseases from other dogs before his full immunity is in place. this is why you shouldn ' t go anywhere where dogs you do not know hang out — parks, dog events or pet stores — until your veterinarian gives the go - ahead. but that doesn ' t mean you should leave your puppy at home. use common sense. plan safe outings. take a puppy class : good trainers know the risks and work to minimize them by keeping the training area sanitized. impart a life - saving skill set why take any chances at all? an unsocialized dog — whether fearful or aggressive — is at a higher risk of ending up in a shelter with little chance at being adopted again. some experts argue that, in the long run, behavior problems kill more dogs than parvovirus does. perhaps that puts the importance of proper and safe socialization into perspective. limit the paw - holding unlike wolves or coyotes, dogs are genetically predisposed to become part of human society, but it ' s not always easy. so socialize, and remember that the world is full of scary things, especially to a little puppy. at times, even the boldest of them may become paralyzed with uncertainty, especially when faced with something they have never seen before. your response to this fear is very important. don ' t soothe your pup. petting him and saying, " it ' s ok, baby " ( or something similar ) gives your puppy the idea that being scared is ok and that you ' re rewarding him for the behavior. instead, be matter - of - fact and encouraging. let him work it out, and when he takes that step forward, praise him


clinical studies are showing the benefits of applying human sports therapy to our veterinary patients. by using such tools as the underwater treadmill ( see video below ), these animals have shown a quicker return to function. these results, as a well as the health and psychological benefits of therapeutic veterinary rehabilitation will benefit animals of all sporting and working breeds. core strengthening in phase ii rehabilitation of a labrador retriever rehabilitation case study : a 9 year old thoroughbred horse with right shoulder thoracic spine paraveterbral muscle pain and multiple trigger points. craig angle, sherry johnston rehabilitation program for a sporting dog following delayed recovery from an acl repair sherry johnston, craig angle, kasey singley, tim jones video : a dog walking in the underwater treadmill below is a video of a retriever who is post acl surgery walking in the underwater treadmill. without the use of the treadmill this dog would not be able to support his own weight and would not be able to exercise. by controlling the level of water in the tank, we can control the amount of body weight the dog has to support on the injured leg. this allows the bones and muscles of the injured leg to exercise under minimal stress. to view these videos you will need a high speed internet connection. © 2009 auburn university college of veterinary medicine


global - define global variable ordinarily, each scilab function, has its own local variables and can " read " all variables created in the base workspace or by the calling functions. the global keyword allow to make variables read / write across functions. any assignment to that variable, in any function, is available to all the other functions declaring it global. if the global variable doesn ' t exist the first time you issue the global statement, it will be initialized to the empty matrix. / / first : calling environnment and a function share a variable global a a = 1 deff ( ' y = f1 ( x ) ', ' global a, a = x ^ 2, y = a ^ 2 ' ) f1 ( 2 ) a / / second : three functions share variables deff ( ' initdata ( ) ', ' global a c ; a = 10, c = 30 ' ) deff ( ' letsgo ( ) ', ' global a c ; disp ( a ) ; c = 70 ' ) deff ( ' letsgo1 ( ) ', ' global c ; disp ( c ) ' ) initdata ( ) letsgo ( ) letsgo1 ( ) who, isglobal, clearglobal, gstacksize, resume,


long before educational entities began to use computers, the web, and streaming multimedia, they enriched curriculum with live or recorded television programming. this early use of information technology was also an early barrier for students and staff with disabilities, particularly those who were deaf or hard of hearing. significant legislative steps have helped to reduce this barrier but have not yet eliminated it. one significant step toward removing this barrier occurred in 1990 with the passage of the television decoder circuitry act. this act requires that television sets with screens thirteen inches or larger manufactured for sale in the united states have built - in closed - caption decoder circuitry that allows viewers to display closed captions on their sets. the deadline for compliance with this act was july 1993. this step addressed the problem in terms of television hardware, but the problem of available captioned programming remained. a television that is capable of displaying closed captions does nothing to improve accessibility for hearing - impaired students if the programming content is not captioned. a significant step toward addressing this problem occurred with the passage of the telecommunications act of 1996. section 713 of that act requires that video program distributors ( cable operators, broadcasters, and satellite distributors ) phase in closed captioning of their television programs. the federal communication commission ( fcc ) is charged with prescribing such regulations as are necessary to implement this section, including a schedule of deadlines. fcc deadlines include the following : - 100 % of new english - language programming must be captioned by 2006 ( with some exemptions ). - 75 % of prerule programming ( i. e., programming first shown before january 1, 1998 ) must be captioned by 2008. - 100 % of new spanish - language programming must be captioned by 2010 ( with some exemptions ). the complete set of deadlines, plus benchmarks en route to meeting these deadlines, is available on the fcc consumer facts closed captioning page. - fcc consumer facts closed captioning


flush once less per day keeps the danger at bay dr chan ngai weng, president water watch penang, 10 brown rd 10350 penang ( tel : 04 - 2283306 ; email : ) over the past few days, the star has carried alarming news on an impending water crisis ( the star 7 feb 2007 ) and warnings for the public to conserve water or face rationing ( the star 8 feb 2007 ). one might wonder why syabas would warn the public to conserve “ as much as possible … ” because when people use less water, wouldn ’ t their profits go down? the answer is this : if the public do not heed the warnings and carry on wasting water ( malaysians use on average of over 300 litres per capita per day [ lpd ] compared to the un recommended level of 165 lpd ), a drought will exacerbate into a water crisis. when a water crisis happens, water service providers will be blamed. they will not be able to ask for tariff reviews and their contracts might even be terminated for their “ incompetence ”! they simply cannot afford a water crisis. hence, the warnings. malaysians are fortunate because the country is rich in water resources. often heavy rains result in floods ( e. g. in johor recently ) and floods give policy makers and the public a false picture, as rainfall is unevenly distributed over time and space. the irony is that we still get hit by drought and water stress ( not to mention poor quality piped water ). the el nino in 1997 / 98 not only laid bare the fragility of our water resources, but also weaknesses in its management. how else can a country with an average of 3, 000 mm of rain per year and per capita renewable water resources of more than 20, 000 m3 ( the international water stress line is 1, 700 m3 ) be subject to water stress and water crisis if not for mismanagement? in 1997 / 98. hundreds of thousands of people in many parts of the country suffered untold hardships of water cuts and water rationing for months ( see the star 8 feb 2007 report 1998 water rationing still hard to forget ). government must realize that it cannot keep on supplying water as the amount of water is finite but water demand is ever increasing. consumers must be taught the value of water and how to use water wisely, i. e. not to waste water. all these years since the el nino of 97, there have been no sustained efforts in water saving campaigns. only recently


increasing. consumers must be taught the value of water and how to use water wisely, i. e. not to waste water. all these years since the el nino of 97, there have been no sustained efforts in water saving campaigns. only recently in 2006 did the ministry of energy, water and communications ( mewc ) launch a nationwide “ water savings campaign ”. in order to ensure that the campaign is successful, the 2 year campaign should not just end after 2 years, or when the funding runs out. such campaigns must be continuous so that the entire nation can be reached and sensitised. people need to be reminded all the time about the importance of water as there is no substitute, unlike food. water should be used wisely, not wasted. the motto is “ make every drop count ”. some experts have warned that el nino is developing rapidly in recent months, but others have disputed that by saying that “ el nino is all but washed up ”. irrespective of who is right, malaysians have to prepare for the worse and insulate themselves from another water crisis. even during normal times without el nino, we should be prepared. for the moment, let us just assume it is coming and prepare our responses to address it. naturally the government cannot increase our water supply capacity overnight as building a dam or treatment plant takes years. so what we can do right now is getting people sensitized and getting them to be ready. the idea is to get all water consumers on board and start getting them to save water right away. once people get used to the idea of saving water, they will feel less pain and stress when the government issues a water rationing order. one easy and painless way to start is to get everyone to reduce water use by flushing once less per day. this is easily done as one does not need to flush the toilet after every pee. the average person urinates about five to seven times a day. flush once after every two pees. but do so to ensure that hygiene is not jeopardized. close the toilet cover or put some pandan leaves in the toilet to reduce smell. one flush is about 9 litres of water. if every malaysian flushes one flush less per day, we will save 234 million litres of water per day! this amount of water can fill up approximately 10 medium size dams, and the water saved can then be utilized during a drought or el nino. for other water saving tips, please visit our website : www. waterwatchpenang. org


• grant to ecological management foundation supports the bangladesh water project, helping 77 million people exposed to toxic arsenic levels in drinking water minneapolis, mn, nov. 15, 2010 - - an estimated 77 million people in bangladesh, or roughly half of the country ' s population, have been exposed to toxic arsenic levels in their drinking water since the 1970s. that ' s when the installation of hand - pumped wells throughout bangladesh began tapping groundwater laden with naturally occurring arsenic. in response to this crisis, the ecological management foundation ( emf ) launched the bangladesh water project in 2008, to create an economically viable solution that will provide the people of bangladesh with safe drinking water. a grant from pentair inc. ( nyse : pnr ) and its foundation to the emf will support the bangladesh project. " tragically, the people in bangladesh are being poisoned by toxic arsenic levels in their drinking water, " said susan carter, manager of the pentair foundation. " the good news is the ecological management foundation is working diligently to change these conditions. pentair is proud to help positively impact global water quality and we hope to help make a difference across bangladesh. " the world health organization has called the bangladeshis ' exposure to arsenic the largest mass poisoning of a population in history. further, a 10 - year study by university of chicago researchers indicated that more than 20 percent of the deaths in bangladesh were caused by arsenic exposure from contaminated drinking water. arsenic is toxic to the liver, skin, kidneys and the cardiovascular system, and can cause certain kinds of cancer. the emf ' s five - year goal for the bangladesh project is to prove that micro drinking water businesses can be run as commercial businesses, and that bangladesh ' s rural residents will be willing to pay for arsenic - free water. within 10 years, the project aims to develop 30, 000 financially independent micro water businesses - - or one in each rural village - - in bangladesh. since the bangladesh project began in 2008, the emf has completed a research and feasibility phase, which compared the viability of different arsenic removal technologies. an innovative, low - cost and environmentally friendly deionization technology from voltea, with which pentair maintains an equity and technology partnership, was selected as the most effective option. this deionization water filtration technology removes arsenic and salt through an electric charge, leaving behind desalinated and deionized safe drinking water. the project ' s next step is a demonstration project to test the technology in the field and conduct market research on product and


filtration technology removes arsenic and salt through an electric charge, leaving behind desalinated and deionized safe drinking water. the project ' s next step is a demonstration project to test the technology in the field and conduct market research on product and pricing. " collaborative philanthropic and business partnerships play an important role in bringing clean drinking water solutions to developing countries that lack this basic necessity, " said dr. phil rolchigo, vice president of technology at pentair and a member of voltea ' s board of directors. " in bangladesh and around the globe, we are focused on applying innovative filtration technologies to solve critical water quality issues. " about the pentair foundation established in 1998, the pentair foundation has committed more than $ 24 million to strengthen and support communities in which pentair operates, with a focus on education, water quality and community giving. through the foundation, pentair directs two percent of its pre - tax earnings to charitable organizations annually. for more information on the foundation, visit http : / / www. pentair. com / about - us / the - pentair - foundation. aspx. pentair ( www. pentair. com ) is a global diversified industrial company headquartered in minneapolis, minnesota. its water group is a global leader in providing innovative products and systems used worldwide in the movement, treatment, storage and enjoyment of water. pentair ' s technical products group is a leader in the global enclosures and thermal management markets, designing and manufacturing thermal management products and standard, modified, and custom enclosures that protect sensitive electronics and the people that use them. with 2009 revenues of $ 2. 7 billion, pentair employs approximately 13, 000 people worldwide.


all about wheat wheat and barley are the primary grain crops grown in washington. for decades, washington farmers have worked the land and its soil to produce some of the highest quality grains in the world. known throughout the globe as the home of soft white and club wheat production, washington farmers also raise superb hard red winter and spring wheats. barley is also a top choice among some farmers. whether you are looking to purchase grain or learn more about washington ' s grain farmers, we hope to provide the answers to your questions. washington farmers take their responsibilities seriously, and are proud to offer the most dependable and safest grain to their neighbors around the world. ways wheat farmers impact wa wheat isn ’ t just... well, wheat wheat is the principal human food grain produced in the united states. washington is the 4th largest wheat producing state in the nation with more than 2. 2 million acres in production. what sets washington farmer is their ability to raise, or yield, more wheat on those acres than other states. on average, dryland, or non - irrigated, farmers can raise about 65 bushels per acre. also, washington wheat is some of the highest in quality throughout the nation. there are six different wheat classes grown in the u. s. : hard red winter ( hrw ), hard red spring ( hrs ), hard white ( hw ), durum, soft white ( sw ), and soft red winter ( srw ). in the u. s., wheat varieties are classified either as “ winter ” or “ spring ” depending on the season each is planted. winter varieties are sown in the fall and are usually established before the cold weather arrives and then goes dormant over the winter. approximately 80 % of washington ’ s total production in 2010 wheat was winter and 20 % was spring. it is critical to know that wheat is not wheat – in other words, each class has different end - use functions. the major class of wheat grown in washington is soft white. soft white wheat is used mainly for bakery products other than bread. examples include pastries, cakes, and cookies. it is also used for cereals, flat breads and crackers. it has a lower protein content and weak gluten. an important bread wheat, hrs, is used in mass - produced pan breads, and hearth or artisan breads or rolls. it generally has high protein and strong gluten. ( gluten is what interacts with yeast and allows bread to rise - -


eastern nations such as japan, the philippines, taiwan, south korea and yemen. there is also a demand for washington wheat throughout the rest of the world. our biggest competitors in the world marketplace are canada and australia. despite the fact the first evidence of wheat has been found in the pyramids, the production of wheat has changed considerably. in the u. s., scythes and threshing machines have given way to combines. even more recently, farming by global positioning systems – signals bouncing off a satellite – helps direct a farmer on where to apply fertilizers, fungicides and pesticides. these newer technologies are key tools that help to increase a farmers overall stewardship of the land. some good information on gmo... an even bigger change in the wings is the controversial advent of genetically - modified wheat. keep in mind that according to food manufacturers ( as quoted by katie couric on the today show – october 28, 2003 ) 70 % of all processed foods in our supermarkets now are made from genetically - modified ingredients. ( in the most basic terms, genetic engineering involves inserting a desirable gene into a plant or animal. ) i ’ ve eaten dna and so have you. much of anything made with corn sweeteners has been genetically - modified. you ’ ve heard of tomatoes which have been bred to contain more cancer fighting elements. you ’ ve perhaps heard of golden rice which has been modified to contain more vitamin a to fight blindness in under - developed countries. people speak of frankenfoods and the horror associated with them, and the truth is, we ’ ve been modifying our foods for over 20 years. technology has spawned new terminology, as well. now we have functional foods that provide something unique other than fuel for our bodies in that they prevent disease or enhance health. we are into a world of “ nutraceuticals ” whereby regular foods have been “ beefed up ” with vitamins or minerals through genetic design. there is no genetically - modified wheat in commercial production in the u. s. but researchers are looking at ways to breed wheats better able to withstand pests and drought and produce more with less pesticides on smaller parcels of land to feed ever - increasing populations. the u. s. wheat industry is committed to the adoption of a nationally and internationally accepted definition of biotechnologically - derived traits and urges the harmonization of scientific standards and trade rules. the national wheat industry recognizes the great promise it believes the technology will deliver to benefit both the consumer and


if you take drugs to lower your blood pressure, your medication may also lower your risk of dementia, according to a new study released monday by the american academy of neurology. according to the study, people taking beta blockers, a class of drugs used to treat a number of conditions including high blood pressure, glaucoma and migraines, were less likely to have less cognitive impairment than those that did not. beta blockers cause the heart to beat slower and with less force, which reduces blood pressure. they also open up blood vessels to increase blood flow. for the last 21 years, 774 japanese - american men between the ages of 71 and 93 took part in the study. of those, 610 had hypertension or were taking medication to lower their blood pressure. among those treated, 15 % took only beta blockers and 18 % got a beta blocker plus one or more other blood pressure medications. the remaining men didn ' t take any beta blocker as part of their treatment. autopsies performed after their deaths showed the group that took only beta blockers had significantly fewer brain abnormalities like microinfarcts, or the death of brain cells because inadequate blood flow. they also had fewer alzheimer ' s brain lesions and less brain atrophy than other study participants. " with the number of people with alzheimer ' s disease expected to grow significantly as our population ages, it is increasingly important to identify factors that could delay or prevent the disease, " said study author dr. lon white of the pacific health research and education institute in honolulu, who has been studying alzheimer ' s for 30 years. " these results are exciting, especially since beta blockers are a common treatment for high blood pressure. " dementia is not caused by one thing, say white. " in fact, it ' s probably five or six pathological processes that contribute to the development of dementia and cognitive impairment in late life... hypertension in mid - life contributes substantially to one or more of those processes, and is responsible for probably 20 % of dementia that we call alzheimer ' s disease in late life. the only strategies that we ' re really aware of to reduce the risk of late - life dementia is to identify and effectively treat high blood pressure in middle life. " while the findings are very preliminary, the study is a valuable resource, said neuroscientist dr. heather snyder, director of medical and scientific operations at the alzheimer ' s association, who was not involved with the research. she says the biggest takeaway is the


michael jackson was on to something when he sang that " a - b - c " is " simple as " do re mi. " music helps kids remember basic facts such as the order of letters in the alphabet, partly because songs tap into fundamental systems in our brains that are sensitive to melody and beat. that ' s not all : when you play music, you are exercising your brain in a unique way. " i think there ' s enough evidence to say that musical experience, musical exposure, musical training, all of those things change your brain, " says dr. charles limb, associate professor of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery at johns hopkins university. " it allows you to think in a way that you used to not think, and it also trains a lot of other cognitive facilities that have nothing to do with music. " the connection between music and the brain is the subject of a symposium at the association for psychological science conference in chicago this weekend, featuring prominent scientists and grammy - winning bassist victor wooten. they will discuss the remarkable ways our brains enable us to appreciate, remember and play music, and how we can harness those abilities in new ways. there are more facets to the mind - music connection than there are notes in a major scale, but it ' s fascinating to zoom in on a few to see the extraordinary affects music can have on your brain.


artwork frameworks are not limited in real objects. professional designers may use some different art patterns or coloring for the designs. so this tutorial will guide you to produce a framework using artwork. abstract effects tutorials you can produce an abstract image by combining different shapes and different sorts of images together. you have to spent some times to produce the desired conclusion. you can produce a green plant in a surrealistic way by following this tutorial. this effect can be manipulated in whatever plant you need. so play with the tutorial. the images can be transformed to some kind of abstract sceneries instead of adding objects to adjust colors or lighting. play with this tutorial. designs of a framework or an object can not be limited. as the foundation of your design you can improve some kinds of abstracts. and finally your image can be produced as a high level one by adding some photoshop effects. abstract material is one of the creation which is ideal than the others. though this blue combination looks irregular, it ’ s the style of art. in this type of creations you have to come from the top to the bottom before implementing. this tutorial will guide you to create a galactic abstract lighting effect for texts. galactic space scenes are packed with textures and vibrant color. so have fun by playing with the tutorial. this tutorial will guide you to create a dramaic northern light scene. though it ’ s look perplex, it ’ s easy. the color of light can be changed as your wish. this tutorial will guide you to create some water color effects for images in photoshop. your ideas can be applied in this creation. so le ’ s begin the process! this tutorial will guide you to combine stock photographs to produce a dazing effect which can be easily procreated to work with almost combination of images.


semantic search technology is being employed by search engines to produce better answers. semantic means meaning – to respond to the meaning of the query rather than the exact words. this deployment has been gradual, and mostly ( it seems ) is directed to helping us shop. this article by barbara starr is google hijacking semantic markup / structured data? ( search engine land, jan 17 ) together with her earlier piece, how search & social engines are using semantic search - provides background and explanation. some of the pieces for us to understand are : - “ semantic search, as it is used in current parlance is essentially the notion of using or exploiting metadata to improve search on documents. in the case of search engines, it more explicitly refers to embedding metadata in html5 ( using semantic markup, the formats or html5 syntax currently supported by the search engines : rdfa lite and microdata ). ” - support by bing, google, and yahoo for schema. org as as a “ set of schemas for structured data markup on web pages ”. - with schema. org came more use of rich snippets to enhance display, especially useful to merchants to provide detailed product information. - google ’ s knowledge graph that pulls in information from freebase, wikipedia, cia world book in answer to queries that seem suitable for facts and aggregations of information or reference – mostly people and places.


why are older drivers, especially those over 70, involved in crashes primarily at intersections? you may tend to attribute this to cognitive or physical decline, such as slower reaction time or poor sight. these factors are undoubtedly part of the problem ; however new research by some university of massachusetts amherst researchers have come up with another explanation – older drivers acquire bad habits, and those habits can be unlearned. “ the effectiveness of our training program indicates that at least a major part of older drivers ’ problems can be remediated, ” says psychologist alexander pollatsek, who authored the article with mathew r. e. romoser, and donald l. fisher after analyzing two earlier studies. “ a large percentage of not attending [ to the hazards at intersections ] is due to some strategy or mindset they ’ ve gotten into, rather than some problem with the brain, ” he continues. “ it ’ s a software problem, not a hardware problem. ” the findings appear in current directions in psychological science, a journal of the association for psychological science. in the first study, older drivers ( over 70 ) were compared with younger experienced drivers ( 25 to 55 ) who were both navigating an actual vehicle through a simulated world projected on displays outside the vehicle. drivers approached three different intersections and had to turn. in one, a hill across the main street intersection obscured a possibly approaching car. in the others — turning from a side street onto a main street or vice - versa — trees and curves blocked views of other oncoming cars. the older drivers scanned the danger zone ( the region from which a plausible threat could emerge ) less often and for significantly shorter times both while approaching and completing the turn — compromising safety. another study tested the effects of a training program. older drivers, randomly divided into three groups, were videotaped while driving their cars from home to a destination of their choice. that ’ s all one group did. another, “ passive training ” group got a 30 to 40 minute lecture about the hazards of intersections and the proper way to scan while turning. the third group watched a video replay of their driving and received feedback ( most identified their mistakes before they were pointed out ). they then practiced proper scanning and turning on a driving simulator and listened to the same lecture. in a post - test, there was no difference between the first two groups. the third, however, drove as well as younger experienced drivers. twelve months later, the effects of training had not worn off. the researchers believe that older drivers, fearful of hitting something


- what is a cetacean? - common species - rare species - other species key factslength : up to 3. 8 metres range : widely distributed in all major oceans, absent in polar regions threats : marine litter, pollution, acoustic disturbance diet : manly squid, some octopus and cuttlefish latin : grampus griseus the risso ' s dolphin has a robust, stocky body and a tall, falcate ( curved ) dorsal fin. the melon ( forehead ) is blunt and bulbous with a unique v - shaped crease running from the upper lip to the blowhole. this species has no prominent beak and just two to seven pairs of teeth in the lower jaw. adult risso ’ s dolphins measure between 2. 6 to 3. 8 metres in length and can live for more than 30 years. the colour pattern varies greatly between individuals, and with age. calves are born grey, but turn darker grey to dark brown as they become juveniles. as they age, the skin tone lightens to silvery - grey in some cases and the body is increasingly covered with scratches and scars inflicted by other risso ’ s dolphins and prey species such as squid. habitat and distribution risso ’ s dolphins are widely distributed throughout most oceans and seas between 60° north and 55° south. the north of scotland represents the northern limit for this species. in the hebrides, risso ' s dolphins tend to inhabit deeper water, which is home to their preferred prey of squid, octopus and cuttlefish. they can occasionally be seen in coastal areas. in the hebrides, risso ' s dolphins are usually seen singly or in groups of up to 20 animals, although in other areas they are reported in large groups of several hundred individuals. social behaviour is gregarious and sometimes rough, possibly accounting for some of the scars and tooth rake marks seen in adult animals ; observed behaviours include breaching, tail slapping, spy - hopping, splashing and sometimes striking one another. risso ' s dolphins are commonly seen travelling and surfacing slowly and will rarely approach vessels or bow - ride. food and foraging the diet of the risso ' s dolphin consists mainly of squid, with some octopus and cuttlefish, and it has been suggested that they feed at night - time when their preferred prey migrate towards the surface. they are able to dive for about 30 minutes to depths in excess of 1000 metres, and sometimes forage cooperatively. their soft - bodied prey is caught with teeth in the


the association came under fire when it proposed cutting money for the bsa and the national association for the advancement of colored people ( naacp ). some students claimed the decision was racially motivated. the sga argued the groups did not meet certain criteria. in a 54 to 10 vote, members decided to give the bsa its money. no decision has been made at this time regarding the naacp. whsv. com extended web coverage - 1909 : feb. 12 the national association for the advancement of colored people was founded by a multiracial group of activists, who answered " the call. " they initially called themselves the national negro committee. - 1910 : in the face of intense adversity, the naacp begins its legacy of fighting legal battles addressing social injustice with the pink franklin case, which involved a black farmhand, who unbeknowingly killed a policeman in self - defense when the officer broke into his home at 3 a. m. to arrest him on a civil charge. after losing at the supreme court, the following year the renowned naacp official joel spingarn and his brother arthur start a concerted effort to fight such cases. - 1913 : president woodrow wilson officially introduces segregation into the federal government. horrified that president would sanction such a policy, the naacp launched a public protest. - 1915 : the naacp organizes a nationwide protest d. w. griffiths racially - inflammatory and bigoted silent film, " birth of a nation. " - 1917 : in buchanan vs. warley, the supreme court has to concede that states can not restrict and officially segregate african americans into residential districts. also, the naacp fights and wins the battle to enable african americans to be commissioned as officers in world war i. six hundred officers are commissioned, and 700, 000 register for the draft. - 1918 : after persistent pressure by the naacp, president woodrow wilson finally makes a public statement against lynching. - 1920 : to ensure that everyone, especially the klan, knew that the naacp would not be intimidated, the annual conference was held in atlanta, considered one of the most active klan areas. - 1922 : in an unprecedented move, the naacp places large ads in major newspapers to present the facts about lynching. - 1930 : the first of successful protests by the naacp against supreme court justice nominees is launched against john parker, who officially favored laws that discriminated against african americans. - 1935 : naacp lawyers charles houston and thurgood marshall win the legal battle to admit a black student to the university of maryland. - 1939 :


justice nominees is launched against john parker, who officially favored laws that discriminated against african americans. - 1935 : naacp lawyers charles houston and thurgood marshall win the legal battle to admit a black student to the university of maryland. - 1939 : after the daughters of the revolution barred acclaimed soprano marian anderson from performing at their constitution hall, the naacp moved her concert to the lincoln memorial, where over 75, 000 people attended. - 1941 : during world war ii, the naacp leads the effort to ensure that president franklin roosevelt orders a non - discrimination policy in war - related industries and federal employment. - 1945 : naacp starts a national outcry when congress refuses to fund their own federal fair roosevelt employment practices commission. - 1946 : the naacp wins the morgan vs. virginia case, where the supreme court bans states from having laws that sanction segregated facilities in interstate travel by train and bus. - 1948 : the naacp was able to pressure president harry truman to sign an executive order banning discrimination by the federal government. - 1954 : after years of fighting segregation in public schools, under the leadership of special counsel thurgood marshall, the naacp wins one of its greatest legal victories in brown vs. the board of education. - 1955 : naacp member rosa parks is arrested and fined for refusing to give up her seat on a segregated bus in montgomery, alabama. noted as the catalyst for the largest grassroots civil rights movement, that would be spearheaded through the collective efforts of the naacp, sclc and other black organizations. - 1960 : in greensboro, north carolina, members of the naacp youth council launch a series of non - violent sit - ins at segregated lunch counters. these protests eventually lead to more than 60 stores officially desegregating their counters. - 1963 : after one of his many successful mass rallies for civil rights, naacp ' s first field director, medgar evers is assassinated in front of his house in jackson, mississippi. five months later, president john kennedy was also assassinated. - 1964 : u. s. supreme court ends the eight year effort of alabama officials to ban naacp activities. and 55 years after the naacp ' s founding, congress finally passes the civil rights act. - 1965 : the voting rights act is passed. amidst threats of violence and efforts of state and local governments, the naacp still manages to register more than 80, 000 voters in the old south. - 1979 : the naacp initiates the first bill ever signed by a governor that allows voter registration in high schools. soon after, 24 states follow suit. - 1981 :


naacp still manages to register more than 80, 000 voters in the old south. - 1979 : the naacp initiates the first bill ever signed by a governor that allows voter registration in high schools. soon after, 24 states follow suit. - 1981 : the naacp leads the effort to extend the voting rights act for another 25 years. to cultivate economic empowerment, the naacp establishes the fair share program with major corporations across the country. - 1982 : naacp registers more than 850, 000 voters, and through its protests and the support of the supreme court, prevents president reagan from giving a tax - break to the racially segregated bob jones university. - 1985 : naacp launches campaign to defeat the nomination of judge robert bork to the supreme court. as a result, he garners the highest negative vote ever recorded for a 1989 silent march of over 100, 000 to protest u. s. supreme court nominee. - 1991 : when avowed racist and former klan leader david duke runs for us senate in louisiana, the naacp launches a voter registration campaign that yields a 76 percent turn - out of black voters to defeat duke. - 1992 : the number of fair share program corporate partners has risen to 70 and now represents billions of dollars in business. - 1995 : more than 30 years after the assassination of naacp civil rights activist, medgar evers - his widow myrlie, is elected chairman of the naacp ' s board of directors. the following year, the kweisi mfume leaves congress to become the naacps president and ceo. - 1997 : in response to the pervasive anti - affirmative action legislation occurring around the country, the naacp launches the economic reciprocity program... and in response to increased violence among our youth, the naacp starts the " stop the violence, start the love ' campaign. - 1998 : supreme court demonstration and arrests - 1999 : march on columbia - 2000 : tv diversity agreements. retirement of the debt and first six years of a budget surplus. largest black voter turnout in 20 years - 2001 : cincinnati riots. development of 5 year strategic plan. under the leadership of chairman bond and president mfume, the naacp continues to thrive, and with the help of everyone - regardless of race - will continue to do so into the next millennium. source : http : / / www. naacp. org ( naacp web site ) contributed to this report.


creative design of products and systems november 2008, ©2009 chapter 1 : creative product and system design. 1. 2 what is design? 1. 3 what is a creative design? 1. 4 innovation versus invention. 1. 7 that ' s not my job. 1. 8 project scheduling and management. part 1 : creativity and design. chapter 2 : creative mind. 2. 2 whole - brain thinking. 2. 4 what makes an individual creative? chapter 3 : reclaiming your creativity. 3. 2 mental barriers. 3. 3 types of mental barriers. 3. 4 false assumptions and nonexistent limitations. 3. 5 typical solutions. 3. 6 making things more difficult than they are : being overwhelmed. 3. 7 incomplete or partial information. 3. 8 information and sensory saturation. 3. 9 associative thinking. 3. 11 inability to communicate properly. 3. 12 emotions -, culture -, and environment - related barriers. 3. 13 fear of... ( you add the noun as you wish ). 3. 14 orderly vs. chaotic ; analysis vs. synthesis. 3. 15 falling in love with an idea. 3. 16 improper methods of solution. 3. 17 overabundance of resources. 3. 18 solutions and related mental barriers for the above - mentioned puzzles. chapter 4 : creative problem solving techniques. 4. 3 the 6 - 3 - 5 method. 4. 4 morphological attribute lists ( menu matrix ). 4. 5 list of alternative actions. 4. 6 analogy ( case - based reasoning ) method. 4. 7 random attributes. 4. 8 scamper method. 4. 9 create your own slogans. 4. 10 asking questions. chapter 5 : the design process. 5. 1 initial benchmarking : a design project. 5. 2 the iterative design process. 5. 3 finding a need or a challenge. 5. 4 accepting the challenge. 5. 5 initial study : analysis of the requirements of a design. 5. 6 quality function deployment ( qfd ), house of quality. 5. 7 specifications and design requirements : development of a problem statement. 5. 8 generation of ideas. 5. 9 analysis and selection of ideas. 5. 10 analysis, detail design, and planning of the converged solution. 5. 11 realization of the ideas. 5. 12 assessment against problem statement and verification. chapter 6 : imagination, visualization, graphical representations and communication. 6. 4 engineering drawings. 6. 5 realistic drawings.


planning of the converged solution. 5. 11 realization of the ideas. 5. 12 assessment against problem statement and verification. chapter 6 : imagination, visualization, graphical representations and communication. 6. 4 engineering drawings. 6. 5 realistic drawings. 6. 6 perspectives and location of objects. 6. 7 determining depth in perspectives : scale factors. 6. 8 drawing perspectives. 6. 10 put - it - in - the - box technique. part 2 : the design environment. chapter 7 : design considerations, decisions, and consequences. 7. 5 material selection. 7. 6 methods of fabrication. 7. 7 physical and structural standards. 7. 8 functional standards and expectations. 7. 12 company image and mission. 7. 15 styling, shape, aesthetics, and packaging. 7. 17 human factors. 7. 18 environmental effects ( on the design and caused by the design ). 7. 22 life expectancy. 7. 23 ethical issues. 7. 24 patents and other intellectual property. 7. 25 legal matters. chapter 8 : human factors in design. 8. 2 human - machine interface. 8. 3 anthropometric data. 8. 4 the civilian american and european surface anthropometry resource ( caesar ) project. 8. 5 basic applications of the anthropometric data. 8. 6 software - based application of the anthropometric data. 8. 7 inside - out versus outside - in design. 8. 8 deficiencies and shortcomings of anthropometric data. 8. 9 what can be done. 8. 10 left - handed versus right - handed users. 8. 11 sensory information exchange. 8. 12 human - machine interface. 8. 13 physical and psychological characteristics of humans. 8. 14 visual characteristics of humans. 8. 15 auditory characteristics of humans. 8. 16 temperature and humidity. 8. 17 acceleration capabilities and limitations. 8. 18 psychological factors. 8. 19 human factors and safety. 8. 20 occupational injuries. 8. 21 human factors and maintainability. chapter 9 : aesthetics of design. 9. 2 aesthetic elements of design. 9. 3 form and function relationship. 9. 6 harmony, unity. 9. 12 art and technology : a reciprocal relationship. chapter 10 : material properties, selection, and processing. 10. 2 material properties. 10. 3 types of materials. 10. 4 metals, alloys. 10. 6 plastics, polymers, and synthetic materials. 10. 7 other materials. 10. 8 material selection. 10. 9 material


and processing. 10. 2 material properties. 10. 3 types of materials. 10. 4 metals, alloys. 10. 6 plastics, polymers, and synthetic materials. 10. 7 other materials. 10. 8 material selection. 10. 9 material processing and manufacturing. 10. 10 design for manufacturing ( dfm ) and design for assembly ( dfa ). 10. 11 design for disassembly ( dfd ). 10. 12 computer aided manufacturing ( cam ) and computer integrated ( ctm ). 10. 13 rapid prototyping. 10. 14 lean production. chapter 11 : economics of design. 11. 2 value of a product or system. 11. 3 global economics models. 11. 4 costs, revenues, and profits. 11. 5 cost breakdown of products and systems. 11. 6 product life span. 11. 7 engineering economy. chapter 12 : quality in design. 12. 2 definition of quality. 12. 3 historical background. 12. 4 statistical quality control. 12. 6 what is quality? 12. 7 the concept of zero defects. 12. 8 deming ’ s principles. 12. 9 taguchi methods. 12. 10 design of experiments 12. 12 lean production. chapter 13 : design and product liability. 13. 2 product liability : history and background. 13. 3 the legal system of the united states. 13. 4 major administrative laws related to product liability. 13. 5 some basic definitions of terms. 13. 6 basic theories of product liability law. 13. 7 who may be held liable. 13. 8 origins of products defects and liability. 13. 9 the unreasonably dangerous product. 13. 10 reducing product liability risk. 13. 11 failure mode and effect analysis ( fmea ). 13. 12 code of ethics for engineers. 13. 13 standards and codes. 13. 14 what protection does the designer have? chapter 14 : intellectual property protection : patents, trademarks, copyrights. 14. 3 what is a patent? 14. 4 utility patents. 14. 5 requirements for utility patents. 14. 6 to patent or not to patent : that is the question. 14. 7 process of patenting. 14. 9 application and maintenance fees. 14. 10 inference and diligence. 14. 11 provisional patent application. 14. 12 infringement of patents. 14. 13 patent marking and patent pending. 14. 14 international patents. 14. 15 documentation and record keeping. 14. 16 licenses and assignments. 14. 17 sample patent. 14


. 11 provisional patent application. 14. 12 infringement of patents. 14. 13 patent marking and patent pending. 14. 14 international patents. 14. 15 documentation and record keeping. 14. 16 licenses and assignments. 14. 17 sample patent. 14. 18 confidential disclosure statement. 14. 19 most numerous recent patent holders in the united states. 14. 20 bayh - dole act. 14. 21 design patents. chapter 15 : entrepreneurship and innovation. 15. 2 innovation in a global business world. 15. 3 entrepreneurship and entrepreneur. 15. 4 the entrepreneurial bridge. 15. 5 risks and rewards. 15. 6 motivations and objectives. 15. 7 should you start a business? 15. 8 market research. 15. 9 business plan. 15. 10 development of a business plan. 15. 11 presenting your business plan. 15. 12 legal structure of a business. 15. 13 financing your entrepreneurship. 15. 14 execution of a business plan. 15. 15 end game planning. part 3 : design analysis. chapter 16 : design analysis of machine components. 16. 2 loads : forces, moments. 16. 3 free - body diagrams. 16. 4 stresses, strains, material strengths. 16. 5 stress analysis. 16. 6 stress vs. strength : safety factors. 16. 7 design for strength vs. design for strain. 16. 8 stress concentrations. 16. 9 fatigue analysis. 16. 10 selection of power sources and actuators. 16. 11 selection of actuators. 16. 12 design project. comprehensive integration of all aspects of design into one volume without the need for multiple resources. covers creativity in design : creativity is an extremely important factor in the design of products and systems. the book covers creativity and the role of mental barriers in detail, demonstrated through puzzles, with many exercises and examples. covers all related subjects from ideation to market, including both subjective issues such as imagination and creativity as well as the important matters of safety, liability, intellectual property, quality, and economics multidisciplinary : assumes that the designer may be any type of engineering or non - engineering designer. examples draw from engineering braches such as mechanical and electrical, but also from non - engineering fields such as architecture, and food science. can be used as undergraduate or graduate design textbook


changing planet : fading corals the delicate balance of life and environment which sustains coral reefs globally is under threat. the dramatic increase in atmospheric co2 in the past few decades has produced an increase in ocean temperature and acidity. coral diseases have also been on the increase, due to changes in their environment as well as pollution. click on the video at the left to watch the nbc learn video - changing planet : fading corals. lesson plan : changing planet : fading corals shop windows to the universe science store! is a fun group game appropriate for the classroom. players follow nitrogen atoms through living and nonliving parts of the nitrogen cycle. for grades 5 - 9. you might also be interested in : how did life evolve on earth? the answer to this question can help us understand our past and prepare for our future. although evolution provides credible and reliable answers, polls show that many people turn away from science, seeking other explanations with which they are more comfortable.... more a coral reef is like an underwater city. corals and algae construct the framework that rises off the tropical ocean floor and attract many diverse inhabitants. schools of multicolored fish glide above... more new research has found that bacteria are responsible for killing 85 % of the corals in reefs near the florida keys. the bacteria is a fecal coliform bacteria called serratia marcescens and it is commonly... more increasing amounts of carbon dioxide are released into the atmosphere from burning of fossil fuels. some of that carbon dioxide makes its way into the world ’ s oceans. this changes the chemistry of... more here ' s a safe and easy way to make lightning. you will need a cotton or wool blanket. this experiment works best on a dry, cool night. turn out all the lights and let your eyes adjust to the darkness.... more it takes 3 seconds for sound to travel 1 kilometer ( 5 seconds to travel 1 mile ). the next time a thunderstorm comes your way, look out your bedroom window and watch for lightning. when you see a lightning... more why do the 53rd weather reconnaissance squadron and the hurricane research division use different airplanes? actually, they only use two main types. the top two airplanes in the graphic, the wc - 130h hercules... more rain, wind, tornadoes, and storm surge related to hurricanes cause change to natural environments, damage to the human - built environment, and even loss of life. when a hurricane is over the ocean and far...


this robot ’ s offspring will clean your future home - 6 : 36 pm bossa nova robotics has developed a robot that the company says is “ the first step towards the creation of a 21st century personal robotics platform for everyday consumers. ” it ’ s called project mobi, and instead of wheels or even bipedal legs, it uses a sphere for locomotion. this “ ballbot ” approach is based on technology patented by carnegie mellon ’ s robotics institute. the robot balances and moves around on a sphere at its base, which lets it navigate deftly through human environments and means it can have a slimmer profile. i think it gives the robot prototype a kind of rosie from the jetsons look. or maybe a dyson vacuum cleaner. mobi stands 4 feet, 9 inches tall and is 19 inches at its widest point. up top it uses a tablet as a head, and that blue circle on its body is its “ emotive light array, ” which looks like it could be used for signaling what state or mode it ’ s in. it can run windows or ros, the open source robot operating system. you won ’ t be seeing mobi inside homes and businesses anytime soon, though. the robot will first be available to developers and researchers in 2013. in the meantime, if you want something robotic wheeling around your office you ’ ll just have to settle for a telepresence device like the beam. via ieee spectrum


for fighters, success may come down to smell - 1 : 36 pm we always remember the good fights, where two brawlers — partially blinded by the hazy waterfall of sweat and blood that runs down their faces — unleash flurries of punches in a last attempt at victory mere seconds before the final bell sounds. that ’ s because competition pushes our physical and mental abilities to the limit, but increasing evidence now shows that hormones are the missing link between these feats of body and mind. one particular group of hormones released from the body selectively triggers our sense of smell. these pheromones cause the brain to process body odors differently from other smells. instead of simply activating the olfactory bulb — the group of neurons that integrate smell — body odors also trigger the emotional and attentional circuits in the peripheral areas of the brain. now, bettina pause ’ s lab at the germany ’ s university of dusseldorf has uncovered evidence that which cluster of neurons are activated by the body odors depends on what made the person sweat in the first place. by placing cotton balls under the armpits of college - age volunteers, pause ’ s lab collected sweat samples from a group of participants while they prepared for a stressful school exam ( anxiety condition ) on one day or while they pedaled effortlessly on a stationary bicycle ( passive exercise condition ) on another. both experimental conditions made the volunteers sweat, yet completely changed the way certain hormones were released into the body. during the anxiety condition, cortisol and testosterone levels spiked. mindlessly pedaling on a bike was somewhat calming, causing both testosterone and cortisol levels to drop. cortisol and testosterone are two particularly important hormones during competition. their levels fluctuate depending on an athlete ’ s state of mind, and they may even predict the winner before the competition begins. researchers collected the sweat from the cotton balls and gave a different group of participants a whiff. most of the time, the subjects didn ’ t notice any sort of smell, yet their brains told a different story. when people sniffed the sweat from anxious volunteers, fmri scans revealed that certain areas of the brain activated, areas believed to be responsible for empathy — the notion of identifying with someone else ’ s emotional experience. conversely, when the subjects smelled the sweat of leisurely exercising volunteers, the empathetic centers of the brain were silent. taken together, these results suggest that the cortisol - and testosterone - laden sweat from nervous colleagues may have subconsciously primed the emotional areas of another person ’


of leisurely exercising volunteers, the empathetic centers of the brain were silent. taken together, these results suggest that the cortisol - and testosterone - laden sweat from nervous colleagues may have subconsciously primed the emotional areas of another person ’ s brain, without them even knowing it. while this study is preliminary, one can speculate on the consequences of empathizing with a competitor ’ s anxiety during competition. other studies have shown that when someone experiences empathy, there ’ s a large increase in the release of yet another hormone, oxytocin. the poster - child, feel - good hormone for explaining everything from parent - child bonds to the more general ideals of human social connections, oxytocin is often called the “ trust hormone. ” in humans, increased oxytocin levels have been correlated to altruistic competition and increased generosity, both characteristics of good sportsmanship. though the participants still fiercely competed with each other, there was no “ offensive aggression ” displayed toward rival groups. so next time you ’ re watching a classic fight, think how the smell of victory really can lead to the agony of defeat. citation : prehn - kristensen, a. ; wiesner, c. ; bergmann, t. ; wolff, s., jansen, o. ; mehdorn, h. ; ferstl, r. ; and pause, b. ( 2009 ) “ induction of empathy by the smell of anxiety. ” plos one, 4 ( 6 ), e5987. doi : 10. 1371 / journal. pone. 0005987 photo : flickr / polinasergeeva, cc


many of us don ’ t learn in optimal ways. we know that we forget new material, neglect to review older material, and study in ways that elevate cramming and procrastination to art forms. but there is research about how to be more efficient in these things. for example, dating back to 1885, there is a rich literature that explores how timing our learning of new and old material can affect education. for a long time, these theories were only loosely applied. they couldn ’ t be put into quantitative practice because of the difficulty of carefully implementing them. but with the ability to create educational software, customized to ensure a student has an optimal learning experience, we have a wonderful opportunity to actually employ this knowledge. unfortunately, there are so many competing concerns, it ’ s far from trivial : we need to begin constructing new algorithms to figure out how best to learn. in a new paper in pnas, my friends tim novikoff, jon kleinberg, and steve strogatz, decided to provide mathematical rigor to this. they first took several theories, from the spacing effect — spreading learning out makes a student more likely to learn it — to the theory of expanded retrieval — the more you are exposed to a topic, the less often you should next be exposed to it, in order to retain the material — and reduced them to their logical bare bones. doing that, novikoff and his colleagues created a set of abstract constraints for how a “ model ” student might learn : for a given bit of information, a series of time constraints can be defined for the time range in which it should be shown to the student each time. for example, let ’ s say our model student is trying to learn the number of planets in the solar system. we know that the model student should be exposed to this fact for the second time between two and five days, for example, after she learned it the first time. ( these numbers are different for each student. ) but the next time, according to the theory of expanded retrieval and her personal learning habits, it is optimal that she be exposed to the number of planets between five and eight days later. of course, our model student needs to be exposed to this material more than three times in order to retain it ; so for each bit of knowledge, we have an expanding set of time intervals, describing the amount of time until our model student returns to this fact, in order to learn it again and again, and retain the information. now, whatever these spacing constraints


for each bit of knowledge, we have an expanding set of time intervals, describing the amount of time until our model student returns to this fact, in order to learn it again and again, and retain the information. now, whatever these spacing constraints are, it ’ s not hard to understand them for a single fact and see how she can retain the knowledge if she adheres to this regimen. but what happens when we want to teach our model student a whole host of facts, each with their own timing constraints? this is where math comes in. it suddenly becomes a fiendishly difficult problem to determine how all of this can be simultaneously done, if at all, and how can all of it can be scheduled. and since different students have distinctive ways of learning, we need to use some serious math to figure out how to teach each of them new material, such as learning new vocabulary or new scientific facts. suffice it to say, not everything is possible. while there is math that describes everything from how a student can remain educated for all time — quite useful in the realm of continuing medical education — to how to cram for an exam, there are limits to what we can learn. for example, what the researchers term a “ finicky slow student ” — one obsessed with constant review at a very slow pace — will never perfectly learn a given topic. while certainly abstract, the results are anything but esoteric. in fact, this research was motivated by tim novikoff ’ s company flash of genius, which produces a vocabulary flashcard app. tim was interested in determining how long it would take a user to get through all of the words in the program, and from that initial question came a theoretical framework for scheduling how we learn. this research is but the beginning for what will hopefully be a huge amount of quantitative research into how we can learn, and continue to maintain, lots of knowledge. as the world changes rapidly around us, we can ’ t be content cruising on the knowledge we learned in grade school. we must constantly learn new things, as well as refresh what we learned before. and an algorithmic approach to education can be there to guide us.


spring break is over, flowers are in full bloom, birds are singing ( sounds like a disney film, no? ) and that means we ’ re in the final stretch of the school year! and in the 1st grade we look at the last 6 weeks as being super important. it ’ s where we celebrate all the great things we ’ ve learned this past year and where we start to get our students ready to be 2nd graders! our students have come such a long way as readers. many of them have gone from reading simple stories to reading early chapter books in the span of 9 months! we ’ ve learned different strategies to become better readers, from how to choose the right books for ourselves to decoding unfamiliar words in context of the words around them, to how to best discuss a book with a friend. please continue to read daily with your child ( and to your child! ). an early reminder : students can drop a level in their reading ability over the summer, so make sure they continue reading lots of books when school ends. quick! how many inches in a yard? ( answer : 36 ) in math we ’ ve learned measurement, both length and weight. we ’ ve used scales to compare different objects ’ weights as well as learned non - standard units of length ( using unifix cubes or paper clips ) and standard units ( inches, centimeters and feet ). we ’ ve also begun learning about geometry. we ’ ve studied flat plane shapes ( squares, circles, rectangles, etc. ) as well as 3 dimensional shapes ( cylinders, cubes, rectangular prisms, etc. ). try and find 3 - dimensional objects in your home and as you drive around your neighborhoods with your child. the beautiful change in the weather has added even more beauty to our writing! we ’ ve done several spring writing projects which you will see at open house. april was national poetry month and in class and with the librarian, mrs. lloyd, we read tons of poems, and even wrote a few ourselves! our personal poetry binders are bursting at the seams! we ’ ve also continued adding entries to our writing journals. we ’ ve worked very hard this year at learning proper sentence structure and punctuation and we think it ’ s paid off. learning proper writing mechanics in 1st grade is so important because they are the foundations on which one ’ s education in writing is built. our ongoing study of the 5 areas of the community ( the residential, recreational, commercial, industrial and agricultural ) is going really well.


mechanics in 1st grade is so important because they are the foundations on which one ’ s education in writing is built. our ongoing study of the 5 areas of the community ( the residential, recreational, commercial, industrial and agricultural ) is going really well. our students have learned about the city around them in a variety of ways — from books, videos, personal experience — and are able to discuss and write what they know about them. thanks to ms. hoffman, our technology teacher, they ’ ve also done a fantastic job of taking that knowledge and producing informational documents about each community area. for spelling we ’ ve been practicing long vowel words. each vowel has a variety of ways to spell the long sound it makes and it can be tricky to know when to use what combination of letters ( for example “ oa ” like in “ boat ” versus “ o _ e ” like in “ wrote ” ). therefore it ’ s very important to continue to study these words with your child — even after we ’ ve moved on to a new list of words. spring is such a wonderfully busy time in our hebrew / judaica studies, full of holidays and song and prayer. though it ’ s a month removed, we hope you had wonderful spring break and that your children were able to demonstrate their knowledge during your passover seders. we also had an amazing time with our next holiday — yom ha - atzmaut — israeli independence day. the children were very excited to research facts about israel and share them with their classmates. gathering together as a school and community to celebrate israel ’ s independence was so powerful and fulfilling. we ’ re looking forward to making the final month and a half of school as packed with learning, sharing, growing and fun as the first 8 months have been! the first grade team


american heritage® dictionary of the english language, fourth edition - n. attribution of human motivation, characteristics, or behavior to inanimate objects, animals, or natural phenomena. century dictionary and cyclopedia - n. the ascription of human attributes to supernatural or divine beings ; in theology, the conception or representation of god with human qualities and affections, or in a human shape. anthropomorphism is founded in man ' s inability to conceive beings above himself otherwise than in his own likeness. it determines the growth and form of all human religions, from the lowest up to the highest : as where the scriptures speak of the eye, the ear, and the hand of god, of his seeing and hearing, of his remembering and forgetting, of his making man in his own image, etc. - n. the conception of animals, plants, or nature in general, by analogy with man : commonly implying an unscientific use of such analogy. - n. in pragmatistic philos., that philosophic tendency which, recognizing an absolute impossibility in the attainment by man of any conception that does not refer to human life, proposes frankly to submit to this as a decree of experience and to shape metaphysics to agreement with it. the term was first used in this sense by f. c. s. schiller ( riddles of the sphinx ). see humanism. - n. theology the attribution of human characteristics to divine beings gnu webster ' s 1913 - n. the representation of the deity, or of a polytheistic deity, under a human form, or with human attributes and affections. - n. the ascription of human characteristics to things not human. - n. the representation of objects ( especially a god ) as having human form or traits - coined in the mid - 1700s. from ancient greek ανθρωπος ( anthropos, " man, human being " ) + - morphism ( wiktionary ) “ the secret to the charm of her anthropomorphism is the precision of her knowledge of the responses of the creature in movement and emotion. ” “ but " anthropomorphism " is not just a trope but an identification on the level of substance. ” “ why do we say never to indulge in anthropomorphism? ” “ the charge of anthropomorphism is so threatening to some white


not just a trope but an identification on the level of substance. ” “ why do we say never to indulge in anthropomorphism? ” “ the charge of anthropomorphism is so threatening to some white coats that, like unreconstructed cartesians ( or the current administration ), they have to ignore all relevant facts to stay on course. ” “ as de man ' s essay calls our attention to the fact that " anthropomorphism is not just a trope but an identification at the level of substance " ( 241 ), it acts out an intensified wariness. ” “ one can validly juxtapose here de man ' s conclusion about the occurrence of the word anthropomorphism in nietzsche ' s list : " the apparent enumeration is in fact a foreclosure " ( 241 ). ” “ but christianity, in its anthropomorphism, which is its strongest hold on faith and trust, insures for the individual man in a ” “ are not the reasons on account of which the so - called anthropomorphism is to be rejected, often ” “ it may be used as a reproach in warning against careless reasoning and hasty comparison, but the idea of anthropomorphism is so extensible that it can be extended over all human reasoning and conception. ” “ we have a strong tendency to give nonhuman entities human characteristics ( known as anthropomorphism ), but why? ” these user - created lists contain the word ‘ anthropomorphism ’. compartmentalisation, compartmentalization, counterrevolution..., counterrevolutionary, electroencephalogram, electroencephalog..., electroencephalog..., electroencephalog..., electroencephalog..., electroencephalog..., institutionalisation, institutionalization and 634 more... thought - provokers ; words that ask more questions than they answer. sigility : avatars and representative figures. types of symbols : academic, religious, abstract. this list, the one shown below this very message, is a collection of words that you cannot begin to fathom how much i adore. the list will also feature atithesis and contrasting words such as the t... this is a mix of new words i ' ve read studying for the


century dictionary and cyclopedia - n. one who is versed in demography. - n. a person who studies demography - n. a scientist who studies the growth and density of populations and their vital statistics “ according to most mainstream authors, such as demographer ” “ “ class segregation and the spatial concentration of poverty at historically high levels, ” concluded demographer douglas massey and his colleagues, “ when juxtaposed with the growing concentration of affluence at all geographic levels, portends a divided society that runs counter to the egalitarian ideology of the united states and its historical commitment to equality. ” ” “ this quantifies a lot of stuff people have been speculating, says william frey, a brookings institution demographer who reviewed the data. ” “ a greater hispanic presence is now evident in all parts of the country in large and small metropolitan areas, in the snowbelt and in the sunbelt, " said william h. frey, a demographer at the brookings institution, who analyzed the census data. ” “ when you see a place like las vegas, phoenix or orlando you ' re talking about what happened earlier in the decade so it ' s not necessarily a yardstick of what ' s going to happen over the next two or three years, " said william frey, a demographer at the brookings institution in washington. ” “ it seems to us that napa has a lot of work for unauthorized immigrants — both agriculture and hospitality - related, " said laura hill, a demographer at the institute. ” “ you should not put rose - colored glasses on, " says william frey, demographer at the brookings institution. ” “ while the recession probably played an important role in fewer babies, another factor may be the net decline in recent years in immigration to the united states, said mark mather, demographer with the population reference bureau. ” “ we ' re still showing strong population growth in spite of the fact that texas entered the recession in late 2008, " says texas state demographer karl eschbach. ” “ they ' re just not moving, says kenneth johnson, a demographer at the university of new hampshire ' s carsey institute, which studies families. ” looking for tweets for demographer.


american heritage® dictionary of the english language, fourth edition - n. one that has been vaccinated. - n. the person who receives a vaccine. - n. a patient who has been vaccinated - vaccine + - ee ( wiktionary ) “ i understand that you, david bernstein, believe that vaccination actually benefits the vaccinee, and that sterilization of a mentally disabled woman, far from benefiting her, constitutes “ doing something extreme to ” her. ” “ now, i am sure lots of you really support mandatory vaccination because the vaccinee benefits from the vaccine. ” “ a few days before that, she had sexual contact with her boyfriend who was a recent smallpox vaccinee via the military, " he added. ” “ dan, like i said, ( a ) the compulsory vaccination case was really about a fine for not getting vaccinated, not truly compulsory vaccination ; and ( b ) vaccination actually benefits the vaccinee, and doesn ’ t do anything extreme to him like stop him from having children, at worst it creates a very small risk of illness, dwarfed by the protection you get from the vaccine. ” “ the first is a small infringement to benefit a large number of people, including the vaccinee ; the second is a large infringement to benefit an embryo or fetus that, until sometime in the second trimester at the earliest, can ’ t be considered a person in any meaningful sense. ” “ if not, though, this is one case where there ’ s an obvious and huge benefit to the vaccinee. ” these user - created lists contain the word ‘ vaccinee ’. another compilation of spelling words suitable for intermediate to advanced spellers. looking for tweets for vaccinee.


american heritage® dictionary of the english language, fourth edition - n. a plant of the genus valeriana, especially v. officinalis, native to eurasia and widely cultivated for its small, fragrant, white to pink or lavender flowers and for use in medicine. - n. the dried rhizomes of this plant, used medicinally as a sedative. century dictionary and cyclopedia - n. a plant of the genus valeriana. the common, officinal, or great wild valerian is v. officinalis, native through europe and asiatic russia, cultivated for its medicinal root and somewhat for ornament. it is a herbaceous plant with a perennial rootstock ; the stem is erect, from 2 to 4 feet high, and furrowed ; the leaves are opposite and pinnate ; and the flowers are small, white or pinkish, in terminal corymbs. the root is an officinal drug having the property of a gentle stimulant, with an especial direction to the nerves, applied in hysteria, epilepsy, etc. its virtue resides chiefly in a volatile oil — the oil of valerian. it is of a pungent disagreeable odor, which is attractive to cats, and also, it is said, to rats ; it is therefore used as a bait. in england in the sixteenth century, valerian, under the name of setwall, was regarded as a panacea ; but the species appears to have been v. pyrenaica, a plant there cultivated, and naturalized from spain. v. phu from western asia, called garden valerian, is also cultivated, and affords a root of weaker property. v. dioscoridis is believed to be the true valerian or phu ( φου % 26 ) of the ancient greeks. there are three species of valerian in north america, the most notable being v. edulis. edible valerian, whose thickened roots, after prolonged cooking in the ground, formerly formed a staple food of the digger indians. - n. the rootstocks of the officinal valerian, or some preparation from them. - pertaining to any one of the name of valerius - n. a hardy perennial flowering plant, valeriana officinalis, with heads of sweetly scented pink or white flowers. - n. more generally, any plant of the genus valeriana. - n. uncountable the root of vale


a hardy perennial flowering plant, valeriana officinalis, with heads of sweetly scented pink or white flowers. - n. more generally, any plant of the genus valeriana. - n. uncountable the root of valeriana officinalis, used in herbal medicine. gnu webster ' s 1913 - n. ( bot. ) any plant of the genus valeriana. the root of the officinal valerian ( valeriana officinalis ) has a strong smell, and is much used in medicine as an antispasmodic. - n. a plant of the genus valeriana having lobed or dissected leaves and cymose white or pink flowers - from old french valeriane or mediaeval latin valeriana, from the personal name valerius. ( wiktionary ) - middle english, from old french valeriane, from medieval latin valeriana, probably from feminine of latin valerianus, of valeria, roman province where the plant originated. ( american heritage® dictionary of the english language, fourth edition ) “ commonly used ingredients already registered include echinacea, which is used against colds, st john ' s wort, used for depression and anxiety, and valerian, which is claimed to ease insomnia. ” “ it is covered with a very soft, hoary, velvet - like down, and has a strong, pungent, aromatic odour, like penny royal or valerian, that is peculiarly grateful to cats, whence its specific and english names. ” “ the valerian is a perennial herb, multiplying itself yearly by slender rootstocks or runners producing at their tips new rosettes of leaves and in the center of these the flowering stem. ” “ melatonin is used for the latter, while ingredients such as valerian root and chamomile take care of the former, healy says. ” “ as it was, i had a question for him, an inquiry about a flower called " valerian ". ” “ hormone replacement therapy and natural sleep remedies such as valerian can also help, says northrup. ” “ • try a natural sleep remedy, such as valerian, chamomile or melatonin. ” “ if a person is taking an anticonvulsant that is obviously necessary, and already requires liver function tests as safety precautions, and then you add and herb such as valerian root for sleeping or what


; and 10. 5 million face uncertain food supplies. 7. chad * ( $ 501 million ) favorable rain patterns have helped chad recover from drought, and agricultural production is expected to improve in 2013. now the challenge is to ensure the 1. 8 million people who suffered food insecurity in 2012 receive the support needed to make a full recovery and consolidate recent gains. 8. afghanistan * ( $ 471 million ) afghanistan has high rates of malnutrition and low life expectancy. armed conflict prevails in much of the country, exacerbating chronic poverty and causing people to flee fighting. meanwhile, afghanistan struggles to provide for the largest population of returnee refugees in the world — 5. 7 million people. un seeking aid to address calamities the united nations will seek $ 8. 5 billion from governments and major donors in 2013 to assist 51 million people suffering from ongoing humanitarian crises in 16 countries. the aid will include the provision of food, shelter, clean water, and other basic necessities to those suffering from the effects of war and natural disasters. funding will also help struggling communities to rebuild and become more resilient in the event of future calamities. included in the un appeal are the countries listed above, as well as the palestinian territories *, mali *, niger *, mauritania *, burkina faso, zimbabwe *, central african republic, and the philippines *. the 2013 appeal for mali is at $ 370 million, up from $ 215 million for 2012. mauritania ’ s 2013 appeal, at $ 180 million, is nearly double that of the year before. both countries face severe hunger and nutrition crises. more than 100, 000 children in mauritania suffer from malnutrition. the request for funds is part of the un ’ s consolidated appeal process ( cap ), whereby 520 international aid organizations — including world vision — collaborate to calculate the cost of response plans for the coming year. how you can help pray for children and families suffering from humanitarian crisises. pray for effective interventions that will save lives and for long - term solutions to address hunger, poverty, and disease in these struggling countries. make a one - time donation to help provide life - saving food and care. you can help provide life - saving food, agricultural support, livestock, clean water, medicines, and other essential care to hungry children and families around the world. and because of grant funds and donated goods, your gift multiplies five times in impact to help save lives.


water and climate water and climate while climate negotiators keep meeting and working hard to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate against climate change, the rest of the world is learning to adapt to climate change impacts on the ground. foremost among those impacts are escalating extremes in fresh water : too much or too little, too suddenly. those extremes will be the order of the day, as new patterns of rainfall and changes in the availability of fresh water disrupt supplies across the planet. although these patterns are complex and hard to predict, some have already been observed and are expected to become more apparent in coming decades. in recognition of this challenge, the world water council ( wwc ), in partnership with a group of international organizations ( unesco - cooperative programme on water and climate, international water association, iucn ) decided to initiate a political process to further raise awareness and increase political commitments to address adaptation of water management to climate change. with funding from the dutch ministry of transport, public works and water, the ambition is to set an authoritative water adaptation agenda that could support the global negotiations and decisions on climate change. the unfccc roadmap adopted at the bali cop13 meeting set a clear agenda for the international community to negotiate and reach a consensus at cop15 in copenhagen ( december 2009 ) on a long - term climate agreement for the post - 2012 period. the roadmap gives equal attention to climate change adaptation and mitigation and offers the opportunity of a global debate on what the world ’ s sectoral and geographical priorities should be in terms of adaptation responses, including financing. as highlighted in the fourth ipcc assessment report, there is now growing evidence that many of the most severe climate change impacts the world is facing are related to water. success of international and national adaptation policies will therefore depend to a large extent on the way we manage our water resources and services and on how good we will be in building the resilience of the water sector in the face of climate change and variability. if energy should be the priority for global mitigation efforts, water should then become the focus for adaptation. key policy makers should be convinced on making water adaptation a priority through an evidence - based and politically driven approach. from the 5th world water forum to the unfccc cop - 15 the 5th world water forum held in march 2009, formed a key stepping stone in this process and its vision on water and climate provides an instrumental contribution to the unfccc negotiations and cop15 preparations. to facilitate a deeper understanding of the issues, the world water


wisconsin ’ s population could grow by 800, 000 people over the next three decades. a report from the state and uw - madison applied population laboratory projects a 14 percent growth rate over the next 30 years, which would bring the state population up to 6. 5 million residents by 2040. the report is based on 2010 census data and other population projection models, according to david egan - robertson with the uw - madison applied population laboratory. he says it ’ s meant to help officials get an idea of the possible age distribution, mortality rates, and migrations into the state in the coming years. egan - robertson says they expect the most rapid growth over the next decade or so, as the economy improves. the addition of more jobs will spark new migration into wisconsin, which usually increases birth rates as well. growth could drop off around 2026, as the leading edge of the baby boomers start hitting their mid - 80s. egan - roberts says nearly one - in - four wisconsinites are expected to be age 65 or older by 2040, which is almost double the level of where that demographic currently rests. information from the report is expected to help the state project and plan what infrastructure improvements and additional services may be needed as the make - up of the population changes. audio : andrew beckett reports ( 1 : 20 )


the effects of the california proposition 14 is most evident in the state ’ s electoral processes. in order to understand the changes which are brought about by the prop 14, a look at the current primary system is necessary. in the primary election, different ballots will be prepared for every political party. voters who are part of a certain party will only be given the ballot which relates to where they belong. the others will also be given the ballot for their respective party. those who are in partisan and nonpartisan offices will be given these ballots including propositions. on the other hand, those who are not affiliated to any party will be given ballots to offices and propositions that are nonpartisan in nature. despite this, any political party can still choose to provide voters who are nonpartisan with ballots that come from their own group. it is also essential for one to note that partisan elections will affects many statewide government positions including the governor and lieutenant governor, secretary of state, treasure, controller, attorney general, insurance commissioner as well as more than a hundred members of the legislature and those who will be part of the state board of equalization. members of the congress will also be affected including the two highest positions of the president and vice president as well as the congressional members. elections for presidential positions including those that involve the leadership of certain political parties are not covered by the california prop 14. the california proposition 14 is a move to amend the current constitution of the state which involves elections held to fill positions for the federal and state offices. all of these changes will start to be implemented with elections that will be held after the 1st day of january 2011. with the passing of the 14th proposition there will be certain fiscal effects that will take place. there will be a significant number of changes in how people running for government office will have to prepare their ballot and other campaign materials. this could state expenses to soar. this is for the obvious reason that all candidate names will have to be printed on every preliminary election ballot which basically means that each of these ballots will be very long. there are also some instances wherein the california proposition 14 will bring about a reduction in election expenses. this is due to the elimination of the need to prepare ballots for every political party who will be part of the preliminary election. for the final or general election, the number of those who will be running for office will be significantly decreased. only two candidates will ultimately be part of the general election. this will result to a marked reduction in election costs. there will also be certain instances wherein the prop 14 will


a simplified guide to your housing and eviction rights what is the purpose of this leaflet? many women are evicted from their homes by their husbands, partners, family members or the owners of their homes. often, women are evicted with their children and do not have anywhere else to live. they then turn to shelters for temporary assistance or live in undesirable and unhealthy living conditions. sometimes these women have contributed to the home financially or in other ways such as by cleaning and maintaining the home or by taking care of the children. the husband or partner is then able to go to work and earn money to pay the bond over the property or the rent. some women reside on land in farm, agricultural or rural areas and are evicted from their homes with their children by the owners of the land women do not always know what their legal rights are to housing or their rights in terms of evictions and are evicted from their homes unfairly and illegally. there are also circumstances where women who are in abusive marriages or relationships share a home with a husband, partner, ex - husband, expartner or family member who abuses them. they are not aware that they can obtain a protection order that prohibits the abuser from entering the home or a part of the home.