database provides full text for nearly 1, 950 general reference publications with full text information dating as far back as 1975. ” academic search premier “ academic search premier provides full text for nearly 4, 000 scholarly publications, including full text for nearly 3, 100 peer - reviewed journals. coverage spans virtually every area of academic study and offers information dating as far back as 1975. ” military and government collection “ designed to offer current news pertaining to all branches of the military and government, this database offers a thorough collection of periodicals, academic journals, and other content pertinent to the increasing needs of those sites. the military & government collection provides cover - to - cover full text for nearly 400 journals and periodicals and indexing and abstracts for more than 500 titles. ” use for : researching historical battles, swords, armor and various historical personages. religion and philosophy collection “ this database provides extensive coverage of such topics as world religions, major denominations, biblical studies, religious history, epistemology, political philosophy, philosophy of language, moral philosophy and the history of philosophy. religion & philosophy collection offers more than 300 full text journals, including more than 250 peer - reviewed titles, making it an essential tool for researchers and students of theology and philosophical studies. this database is updated daily via ebscohost. ”. also useful for researching early religious sects / christianity and various historical personages. expanded academic asap from arts and the humanities to social sciences, science and technology, this database meets research needs across all academic disciplines. also refer to “ web links ” on elearning for more links. surfing on your on? please refer to : to evaluate your website. the perseus project : an evolving digital library " perseus is a continually growing digital library of resources for studying the ancient world. the library ' s materials include ancient texts and translations, philological tools, maps, extensively illustrated art catalogs, and secondary essays on topics like vase painting. a collaborative team from a number of academic institutions has worked together to amass perseus materials. over 70 museums have shared pictures of their art objects. " ( primary source ) is a collection of public domain and copy - permitted historical texts presented cleanly ( without advertising or excessive layout ) for educational use. librarian ’ s index to the internet is a searchable, annotated subject directory of more than 14, 000 internet resources selected and evaluated by librarians for their usefulness to users of public libraries. lii is used by both librarians and the general public as a reliable


papua new guinea, flag ofarticle free pass in the 20th century the two territories finally linked in papua new guinea were administered by the germans, british, and australians. the colonial governments had no official symbols of local relevance, although a proposed coat of arms for german new guinea — never adopted because of germany ’ s involvement in world war i — featured a bird - of - paradise. in 1962 a local flag also incorporated a bird - of - paradise. that original design, used by a sports team, was green and featured a naturalistic bird rendition near the hoist. later the colonial administration developed a vertical tricolour of blue - yellow - green as a possible future national flag. the southern cross appeared in the form of five white stars on the hoist stripe, and a white silhouette bird - of - paradise was represented on the green stripe. the stars were reminiscent of those in the australian national flag. islanders were not enthusiastic about the proposal, but the government received a draft design from a young student, susan karike, that found widespread support. the bird - of - paradise and constellation were retained, although the former was yellow instead of white. the flag background was changed radically : two colours, red and black, were chosen because they are featured extensively in local art and clothing. the diagonal division gave better balance to the design and made the flag unique. the national parliament recognized the flag on march 11, 1971, and its usage was extended to ships registered in papua new guinea when the country became independent on september 16, 1975. what made you want to look up " papua new guinea, flag of "? please share what surprised you most...


during the 1930 ' s, a military kennel named the red star, out of moscow, started working on a native breed that would be part of the national security force. attempting to create the breed at that time was quite a challenge due to the slaughter of much of the purebred dog stock during the russian revolution, and additional depletion of pure stock during the world war and economic disasters. their breeding program came to life after world war ii, when quality giant schnauzer and rottweiler stock were brought back to russia. the red star kennel worked on selective interbreeding using giant schnauzer, rottweiler, airedale and newfoundland breeds. all in all, a total of 17 breeds were used to create the black russian terrier. it was important to have a large breed, not only reliable but highly trainable in many different situations. the dog would also have to be able to endure the harsh russian winters. the dogs were initially used by the military police at border crossings, prisons, and military installations. by 1956, it finally reached the point where the black russian terrier bred true, and the red star kennel released dogs to private breeders. the first breed standard was created by the red army in 1958, and was revised several times before 1981. in 1981, the russian ministry of agriculture recognized the breed and it was internationally accepted by the fci ( federation cynologique internationale ) in 1984. brts came to the us in the 1980s. in 2001, the black russian terrier was admitted to the miscellaneous class of the akc and was accepted into the akc working group on july 1, 2004. the black russian terrier is a calm, confident, and courageous dog with a self - assurance which sometimes is rather aloof towards strangers. they are highly intelligent and extremely reliable. they were bred to guard and protect. the brt requires human contact and is not a dog to be left outside. they want to be close to family members at all times and are very loyal companions. obedience training and early and continued socialization are required in order to keep the breed from becoming overly protective. because of their intelligence, they excel in obedience and agility competition, and other working dog sports. the black russian terrier is a robust, large and very powerful dog. the dog has large bone and well developed muscles. they range in size from 26 inches to 30 inches, although some can be a little larger and weigh between 80 and 130 pounds on average. the black russian terrier


how do you measure up? a waist measurement of more than 80cm for women and 94cm for men can increase the risk of chronic diseases such as cancer, heart disease and type 2 diabetes. there are two ways to assess your health risk : 1. measure your waist circumference this is a simple way to assess your risk of developing health problems such as some cancers, heart disease and type 2 diabetes. to measure your waist correctly : - measure directly against your skin - breathe out normally - make sure the tape is snug, without compressing the skin - measure halfway between your lowest rib and the top of your hipbone, roughly in line with your belly button. | health risk | | waist measurement ( cm ) | | increased | | 80cm or more | | 94cm or more | | greatly increased | | 88cm or more | | 102cm or more | 2. calculate your body mass index ( bmi ) bmi estimates how healthy your weight is in relation to your height. calculate your bmi by dividing your weight in kilograms / pounds by your height in metres squared. to work out your bmi, use the calculation below. cancer council nsw supports the measure up campaign in raising awareness of the risk of chronic disease. how healthy is your diet? take the measure up healthy eating quiz to help you assess your current eating and drinking habits. what can you do better to help you achieve and maintain a healthy weight? find out how your activity measures up. take the measure up physical activity quiz to help you assess your physical activity habits. what can you do to increase your physical activity level and achieve and maintain a healthy weight?


several phase iii clinical studies have shown significantly better results in treating certain cancers when hyperthermia therapy was added to radiation therapy, as compared to radiation treatments alone. at this year ' s asco conference, the results of a 340 - patient randomized phase iii clinical trial testing the benefit of adding hyperthermia therapy to chemotherapy were reported ( abstract 10009 ). " this is the first randomized phase iii clinical trial ever conducted on the use of regional hyperthermia therapy in combination with standard chemotherapy, " said rolf d. issels, md, phd, who presented the results. " it showed an approximate doubling of disease - free survival and local progression - free survival for high - risk soft - tissue sarcoma patients when hyperthermia therapy was added to chemotherapy, as compared to the results for patients treated with chemotherapy alone. " all hyperthermia treatments performed in the study were conducted using bsd - 2000 hyperthermia systems developed and produced by bsd medical corp. the use of precision - focused hyperthermia therapy during chemotherapy treatments opens cancer cells to better absorption of chemotherapy drugs by improving blood flow as well as by other biologic mechanisms of action. hyperthermia therapy also kills cancer cells directly and can be used to improve chemical reactions of some chemotherapy drugs.


robot cars are coming - - and probably much sooner than you think. while flying cars never took off and the segway was hardly the game - changer it was hyped to be, cars that drive themselves are set to transform the way society gets from point a to point b. google got the ball rolling and is still the leader in the arena of autonomous vehicles ( avs ), but every major automaker is working on an autonomous model. in fact, some self - driving functionality is already making its way onto showroom floors, and three states - - california, florida and nevada - - allow fully autonomous vehicles on public roads as of february 2013. the timeframe varies, depending on which expert you ask, but they all agree the driverless car is coming. they believe that autonomous vehicles will save lives, cut commute times and improve mobility for the elderly and disabled. robot cars might even take a huge chunk out of your insurance bill. here are five reasons autonomous vehicles will be the new normal : robot cars are safer humans have severe limitations when it comes to driving a car. in 2011, a total of 32, 367 people died in car accidents and 2. 2 million more were injured, according to the national highway traffic safety administration ( nhtsa ). drinking was responsible for 9, 878 deaths, and distracted driving killed 3, 331 people. reduced crash rates and car - related fatalities are among the biggest benefits of avs, says alberto broggi, a university of parma professor whose driverless van traveled 8, 000 miles from rome to shanghai without incident in 2010. autonomous cars don ' t drink, are never distracted, have a 360 - degree view of the surrounding area and never doze off. google robotics visionary sebastian thrun has predicted that autonomous vehicles will reduce traffic accidents by 90 percent. other experts agree. in american scientist, brian hayes suggests that autonomous vehicles should aspire to match the death rates of commercial aviation putting fatal car accidents at 320 per year. " there ' s one prediction about driverless cars that i can make with confidence : if millions of them ever roam the public highways, they will be far safer than cars driven by people, " hayes writes. safety improvements could be so great that insurance rates would drop by over 80 percent, or disappear altogether, consultant firm celent predicted last year. robot cars are more efficient cars spend 90 percent of their lives sitting in a garage or parking space instead of out on the road. even when they hit the road, their human drivers space them so


disappear altogether, consultant firm celent predicted last year. robot cars are more efficient cars spend 90 percent of their lives sitting in a garage or parking space instead of out on the road. even when they hit the road, their human drivers space them so that only 5 percent of a highway ' s surface is occupied when running at peak throughput. the texas a & m transportation institute estimates that traffic congestion annually wastes 4. 8 billion hours and 1. 9 billion gallons of gas, which translates into $ 101 billion in lost productivity and fuel costs. a recent study by the institute of electrical and electronics engineers found that avs would increase highway efficiency by 273 percent. computer controlled cars could drive much closer together at higher speeds, reducing congestion and improving fuel efficiency. a car that drives itself is not only more efficient, it makes the driver more productive. the census bureau says the average person spends 25. 1 minutes commuting to work. avs would reward commuters with an extra 50 minutes every day. robot cars will improve mobility for everyone according to the census bureau, there are more americans age 65 or older than at any time in u. s. history. while senior citizens would certainly benefit from avs, so would the blind, the disabled and even tweens. the ieee predicts that driverless car - sharing programs will dramatically change the mobility of people of all ages and abilities. as fully automated cars become commonplace, the need for a driver ' s license could disappear, making it easier for both the old and young to get around. futurist thomas frey, executive director at the davinci institute, predicts that automakers will shift from building cars to providing transportation, charging a per - mile fee. why own a car when a push of a button can bring one to your door, drive you to your destination and then disappear. frey believes that automakers will eventually start promoting the " rider " experience of their vehicles instead of the " driver " experience. the government wants you to have one all of this change will require the approval and support of the government. nevada was the first to license autonomous vehicles. ( see " self - driving cars : you can text, but you can ' t drink. " ) florida and california quickly followed suit, and others are considering it. the federal government is also getting excited about the possibilities. david strickland, head of nhtsa, has said that autonomous vehicles could be a " game changer " and has referred to them as the next " evolutionary step " in car technology


cousteau : tsunami debris an environmental threat the floating trash from japan ' s devastating tsunami is now halfway across the pacific ocean. scientists expect some of it to reach hawaii in the next couple of weeks, and the west coast in a year or so. as much as 100, 000 tons of debris could wash up on u. s. shores. check out john blackstone ' s report on the debris and where it is likely to wash ashore below. the most concerning issue about the floating debris may be its content. philippe cousteau, an environmental advocate and grandson of famed explorer jacques cousteau, said on " cbs this morning " the debris field is now widespread and may contain dangerous substances. " there could be hazardous waste, certainly dangerous materials that are floating in that debris field, " he said. " it ' s very, very difficult ( to remove these items ) because of the nature of the way the oceans work and how spread out over thousands of miles that debris is. it ' s really difficult to go in and remove any of that debris effectively. a lot of it right now is just a wait - and - see game and it ' s kind of scary. it reminds us of this bigger issue of ocean pollution. " cousteau is president of earth - echo international, a non - profit organization working for environmental issues. the debris, initially concentrated off japan, was at one time being tracked by satellites, cousteau said. now, however, it ' s so spread out that it ' s very difficult to accurately track by gps. " it ' s really a relatively new, unpredictable science, " cousteau said. "... a lot of people forget that the oceans are a dynamic place and that there are so many different currents and eddies and wind patterns ( that ) can affect them. it ' s almost impossible to predict with any extreme accuracy where the different debris will end up. " cousteau added, " ( the tsunami that hit japan ) was an unpreventable disaster. it ' s still affecting the lives and livelihoods of millions of people in japan. it ' s still an environmental and social disaster. but marine debris, as a whole, is preventable. this is a stark reminder of a much bigger problem. marine debris is polluting and trashing our oceans all over the world. " for more with cousteau, watch the video in the player above. philippe cousteau provided the following exclusively to cbsnews. com : as we approach the one


debris is polluting and trashing our oceans all over the world. " for more with cousteau, watch the video in the player above. philippe cousteau provided the following exclusively to cbsnews. com : as we approach the one - year anniversary of the earthquake and tsunami that devastated the region around the fukushima daiichi nuclear power plant, my thoughts are very much with the people of japan who continue to recover and rebuild from this disaster. a year later, we continue to hear many stories about the human and environmental impact of the aftermath. most recently we are learning of the resulting 3 to 4 million tons of marine debris that washed into the ocean in japan, a small percentage of which is floating toward the pacific coastline of the united states. the japanese earthquake and tsunami was a human tragedy and an unpreventable natural disaster. but the trash that finds its way into our ocean every day is preventable. the debris from the japanese tsunami is a small part of the larger problem of ocean trash. by removing and reducing the amount of trash in our ocean and waterways, we can help ensure that the ocean is more resilient in the face of unavoidable natural disasters. common items like plastic bags, bottles, and cigarette butts discarded long distances from the coastal areas find their way into waterways and rivers and ultimately end up in the ocean, creating a growing problem for marine habitats, resources, and all of us who depend on them for survival. my organization earthecho international ( in conjunction with partners including toyota usa foundation, participant media, discovery education, and ocean conservancy ) has created tools and resources for young people to do something about this issue of trash. it is one small way that young people can take control of the future, starting in their own backyards, schools, and communities. from students and educators to parents and community leaders, earthecho provides resources and tools to help people make a positive difference in their communities and beyond. the good news is it ' s something we can all start today. coordinate a waterway or park cleanup in your community, create an awareness campaign at your school about the effects of plastic bottles, and practice safe disposal methods in your home. as we reflect back at the devastating events of a year ago where so much was beyond control, it ' s an opportunity to look at what is in our control every day to ensure a brighter future. visit waterplanetchallenge. org to start your efforts today. - british soldier savagely killed in london machete attack -


plan and act plan and act the national action plan to improve health literacy [ pdf - 666kb ], released may 2010 by the u. s. department of health and human services, seeks to engage organizations, professionals, policymakers, communities, individuals, and families in a linked, multi - sector effort to improve health literacy. the plan includes seven broad goals with multiple high level strategies for various stakeholders and provides a focal point for the field. the plan is based on the principles that ( 1 ) everyone has the right to health information that helps them make informed decisions and ( 2 ) health services should be delivered in ways that are understandable and beneficial to health, longevity, and quality of life. the national action plan to improve health literacy provides a blueprint for efforts to improve health literacy and calls for a response from all sectors involved in health information and services to create a society that : - provides everyone access to accurate, actionable health information ; - delivers person - centered health information and services ; and - supports life - long learning and skills to promote good health - goal 1 : develop and disseminate health and safety information that is accurate, accessible, and actionable - goal 2 : promote changes in the healthcare delivery system that improve information, communication, informed decision - making, and access to health services - goal 3 : incorporate accurate and standards - based health and developmentally appropriate health and science information and curricula into child care and education through the university level - goal 4 : support and expand local efforts to provide adult education, english - language instruction, and culturally and linguistically appropriate health information services in the community. - goal 5 : build partnerships, develop guidance, and change policies - goal 6 : increase basic research and the development, implementation, and evaluation of practices and interventions to improve health literacy - goal 7 : increase the dissemination and use of evidence - based health literacy practices and interventions the plan can be used as a framework for developing your own organizational plan or for providing a justification for your efforts to address health literacy. additionally, the plan can be used to help guide your strategic actions by following the steps below : - review : examine your organization ’ s priorities and programs and ask, how could attention to health literacy improve our services and outcomes? - choose : identify the most relevant goals and strategies in the plan for your programs - try : plan and implement strategies - evaluate : assess the effectiveness of chosen strategies


alice donaldson ( fannin ) daniel submitted by : sarah daniel rinehart, daughter, from information received from her mother and other family members ad various historical sources. alice fannin was born in august of 1902 in the choctaw nation town of skulllyville. her parents were elijah fannin and johnanna ainsworth. alice ’ s sister were adaline, pauline, fredrica, georgina, kyle, madeline, and faye. her only brother, henry, was already married, and had a daughter just six months before alice was born. mella belle and alice grew up together. elijah watson fannin was born and educated in ontario, canada. he met and married johnanna ainsworth when he came to skullyville in 1877 to be with his parents, h. w. fannin and adaline watson. dr. henry w. fannin practiced among the choctaws and when he was also the postmaster, skullyville was renamed oak lodge. alice ’ s grandparents moved to hackett, arkansas in 1881 where dr. fannin practiced until his death in 1904. alice ’ s family lived in skullyville from 1888 until oklahoma statehood in 1907. all the fannin children except alice went to school at the oak lodge school house located near the skullyville indian cemetery. alice started school in spiro where the school building was in the same block with the fannin home. growing up in spiro, alice and her sister faye played dolls. the had names for the dolls as well as for each other. alice ’ s play name was mrs. jones. faye called her that even after they grew up. when alice was seven years, her mother took her down by he methodist church corner where there were no trees so she could get a clear view of halley ’ s comet. the family owned a horse named bissie that alice liked to ride even though the horse would hold her breath when alice tried to put the saddle on her. when alice was in the 6th grade, she met durward daniel, her future husband. they went steady for the next six years, then married after they graduated in 1921. alice and durward had only one child, sarah alice, who was born in 1924. durward and alice were active in the spiro methodist church. she was a pianist, sunday school teacher and member of the missionary society. one of the stained glass windows in that church is a memorial to alice ’ s parents, mr. and mrs. e. w. fannin. sarah remembers attending her


. she was a pianist, sunday school teacher and member of the missionary society. one of the stained glass windows in that church is a memorial to alice ’ s parents, mr. and mrs. e. w. fannin. sarah remembers attending her mothers sunday school classes, then afterwards at the service, playing with the cardboard garrtett snuff fans during the sermon. when revivals were held in the summertime, chairs were placed on the lawn back of the to take advantage of the cooler night air for the services. durward worked at spiro state bank, then for the oklahoma tax commission. the family lived mcalester during sarah ’ s senior year in high school. they moved back to spiro after sarah enrolled in oklahoma college of women in the fall of 1941. durward worked for the county clerk in poteau, then moved there to work in the central national bank. alice and durward became active in the methodist church there, and in club work and civic affairs. sarah graduated in 1945 and married in 1946 and moved to norman with her husband frank rinehart. alice and durward celebrated their 50th wedding anniversary with a gala reception in the basement of the first united methodist church of poteau on september 18, 1971. durward retired three months later, just short of his 70th birthday. during the next twenty years of their retirement, they continued their support of the methodist church and a loving relationship with their three grandchildren : dan, alice, and fred ; and their four grandsons : royce and alan sisac, and brian and michael rinehart. alice fannin daniel as the last surviving member of the fannins when she passed away in july of 1993. her husband of 72 years died three months later. sarah and frank celebrated their 50th wedding anniversary in 1996, in grand junction, colorado with all their family in attendance. alice donaldson fannin was choctaw original enrollee. her name is listed on the official roll as “ allice ” fannin.


fires in vacant buildings have become a matter of increasing concern as the economy has weakened. according to the national fire protection association ( nfpa ), u. s. fire departments responded to an estimated annual average of 31, 000 structure fires in vacant buildings in 2003 - 2006. these fires caused an average of 50 civilian deaths and $ 642 million in direct property damage per year. in addition to 141 civilian injuries, 4, 500 firefighters were injured annually at these incidents and accounted for 13 percent of all firefighter injuries incurred at structure fires. with the downturn in the economy, the numbers of vacant buildings and vacant building fires have been climbing. often these fires have time to grow before they are discovered and reported. these larger fires can threaten other properties nearby. because children and youth may use these buildings for hang - outs or risky activities, and the homeless may use them as shelter, firefighters cannot be sure that no one is inside. overall vacant building fires rose 2 % from 31, 900 in 2005 to 32, 700 in 2006. almost two - thirds ( 63 % ) of these fires occurred in homes. according to the census bureau, both the number and percentage of housing units that were vacant hit three consecutive 40 - year peaks in 2006, 2007, and 2008. the increase in vacant building fires was due largely to an 11 % increase in vacant home fires from 18, 900 in 2005 to 21, 000 in 2006, a much larger increase than the 4 % rise in total home fires over the same period. forty - three percent of vacant building fires were intentionally set. one - quarter of all intentionally set structure fires involved vacant buildings. vacant buildings that burned were evenly divided into secured ( 15, 400 ) and unsecured ( 15, 600 ). fire spread was greatest in unsecured vacant building fires. more than half ( 57 % ) of the unsecured vacant building fires were intentionally set compared to only 31 % of the fires in secured properties. the 2009 edition of nfpa 1, fire code requires owners, or those in charge of vacant properties, to remove waste and combustible materials and to secure the building to prevent unauthorized people from entering. nfpa has been a worldwide leader in providing fire, electrical, building, and life safety to the public since 1896. the mission of the international nonprofit organization is to reduce the worldwide burden of fire and other hazards on the quality of life by providing and advocating consensus codes and standards, research, training, and education. we applaud the nfpa for it efforts


a research study for children ( 12 and older ) and adults with sickle cell disease - zileuton what is the purpose of this study? we find that patients with sickle cell disease ( scd ) have inflammation in their blood even when they are well, and their lung function tests suggest a tendency to have asthma. inflammation and asthma increase the number of acute sickle events. our laboratory research shows that both inflammation and asthma could be blocked by the drug zileuton. zileuton is a drug that has been approved by the food and drug administration ( fda ) to treat asthma. the fda has not approved zileuton for the treatment of scd, therefore it will be studied as an investigational drug. the purpose of this research is to study the effects ( good and bad ) on children and adults with scd. this study will examine 1. the safety of zileuton 2. how zileuton is used by your body at different dose amounts 3. if zileuton improves the inflammation and tendency to asthma in children and adults with scd. who can participate? children and adults who are 12 years or older and have been diagnosed with moderate to severe sickle cell disease ( hbss, hbsc, hbsβthal or hbsβo thalassemia ) may be eligible to participate. - adult studies - hematology - sickle cell and hemoglobin what is involved? you will be in the research study for approximately 10 weeks in which you would be asked to take zileuton twice daily for six weeks. participation in this research study will involve a total of 6 visits. what are the benefits? if you agree to take part in this research study, you may or may not receive a direct medical benefit. potential benefits for you may include the possibility of less chronic inflammation that is present even when you are not having an acute sickle event. this chronic inflammation has been associated with increased number of acute sickle cell events. your lung function studies may show improvement which may prevent you from having frequent sickle events. however, until we do the research study, we cannot guarantee any benefits. information learned from this research study may benefit other patients with sickle cell disease in the future. will i get all the facts about the study? your participation in this research study is completely voluntary. your decision whether or not to participate in this study will not result in any penalty or loss of benefits. if you decide not to participate in the study, or


soft drinks consumption and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( nafld ) is a common clinical condition which is associated with metabolic syndrome in 70 % of cases. inappropriate dietary fat intake, excessive intake of soft drinks, insulin resistance and increased oxidative stress combine to increase free fatty acid delivery to the liver, and increased hepatic triglyceride accumulation contributes to fatty liver. regular soft drinks have high fructose corn syrup which contains basic sugar building blocks, fructose 55 % and glucose 45 %. soft drinks are the leading source of added sugar worldwide, and have been linked to obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. the consumption of soft drinks can increase the prevalence of nafld independently of metabolic syndrome. during regular soft drinks consumption, fat accumulates in the liver by the primary effect of fructose which increases lipogenesis, and in the case of diet soft drinks, by the additional contribution of aspartame sweetener and caramel colorant which are rich in advanced glycation end products that potentially increase insulin resistance and inflammation. this review emphasizes some hard facts about soft drinks, reviews fructose metabolism, and explains how fructose contributes to the development of obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and nafld.


penicillium is a fungus, and is the most abundant mold source in soil. there are more than 150 species of penicillium. penicillium that is more than two - weeks old is bluish in color. penicillium is a cryophilic fungi, which means it likes the cold, growing best at 34 degrees ( the temperature of a refrigerator ). it is xerophilic, which means it can obtain moisture from the air if humidity is at 60 % or higher. penicillium looks a bit like a dali - rendering of a tree. click the following links for photos and drawings : penicillium notatum and penicillium chrysogenum are used to make penicillin. in fact, it is sometimes referred to as " medicinal mold ". other varieties, such as penicillium roqueforti are used to ripen cheese, although it can also cause mold in grain crops. penicillium fumiculosum is used in antibotics. penicillium citrinum is used in laboratories. penicillium simplicissium produces an enzyme that helps crops. penicillium expansum causes soft rot of apples. penicillium viridicatum, penicillium citreonigrum, penicillium citrinum, penicillium crustosum, penicillium islandicum, and penicillium verrucosum can cause illness when eaten. unchecked penicillium growth can develop mycotoxins. some people are allergic to penicillium. temperature : prefers the cold, refrigerators food : fruit, bread water : can take water vapor from the air. will not grow if the relative humidity is under 60 %. potential allergen : yes copyright 2000 - 2002, the law offices of cynthia coulter mulvihill, apc


if your pants feel tighter than usual, you might begin to suspect that you ' ve gained a couple of pounds. but at what point should you begin to worry that the weight gain is serious? could you be one of the approximately two - thirds of american adults who are either overweight or obese, with an increased risk for conditions like diabetes and heart disease? while no single measurement is perfect, here are a few ways to size yourself up. skin - fold tests, which measure skin thickness with calipers, can be inaccurate. step on the scale upside : easy and handy. in a 2007 study published in the journal obesity, researchers found that dieters who regularly and frequently weighed themselves appeared more likely to keep the weight off over time. buying a scale for your bathroom to keep track of weight won ' t break the bank, and your gym probably has one in the locker room. downside : you know how you can be skinny but out of shape? or heavy and fit? body weight doesn ' t take into account the proportion of fat in the body, or where that fat is deposited - - factors that can point to health trouble. also, experts say dieters often make the mistake of fixating on the number between their toes instead of focusing on changing the behavior that can improve it. ireport. com : have you made a health - changing resolution? tell us body mass index ( bmi ) upside : your bmi provides a lot more information than your bathroom scale, specifically a measure of body fat. " fat is more important than weight, " says peter katzmarzyk, associate executive director for population science at the pennington biomedical research center in baton rouge, louisiana. " excessive fatness is the definition of obesity, not excessive weight - - and having too much fat can cause serious health problems. " this calculation uses a ratio of weight to height to estimate body fat and obesity. find your bmi » a bmi of less than 18. 5 is underweight. a bmi of 18. 5 - - 24. 9 is normal. a bmi of 25 - - 29. 9 is overweight. a bmi of 30 or higher is obese. downside : since the bmi tool cannot distinguish between lean muscle mass and body fat, it has a tendency to overestimate the level of body fat in people who have a lot of muscle - - say, arnold schwarzenegger - - and underestimate the amount of body fat in people who have lost muscle mass, such as


it has a tendency to overestimate the level of body fat in people who have a lot of muscle - - say, arnold schwarzenegger - - and underestimate the amount of body fat in people who have lost muscle mass, such as the elderly. " if you are an olympic body builder, it doesn ' t hold up so well, " says miriam nelson, ph. d., director of the john hancock center for physical activity and nutrition at tufts university ' s friedman school of nutrition science and policy, in boston, massachusetts. nelson notes that bmi still works well for the general population and estimates that it gives an inaccurate assessment in only one to three percent of people, despite its limitations. and if you ' re looking to compare your bmi with other dieters, think again. pretty much anyone can rattle off his weight, but only 20 percent of the population knows their bmi, suggests a national consumers league survey conducted by harris interactive last year. health. com : six diet trend you should never try upside : simple and predictive. this measure - - an indicator of abdominal obesity, which is an important predictor of risk for developing obesity - associated cardiovascular disease - - can be conducted at home by wrapping a tape measure snugly around the abdomen slightly above the hipbone, level with the navel. " it helps reduce even the small number of mistakes that might be made with bmi, " says steven r. smith, m. d., assistant executive director of clinical research at the pennington center. in fact, waist circumference may be even more important than bmi. there is a greater risk of developing conditions like type 2 diabetes and heart disease if a person carries excess fat - - also known as visceral fat - - around his abdomen. fat located deep in the abdomen around the internal organs may be more dangerous than subcutaneous fat, which is located just under the skin, and peripheral fat found in places like the hips and thighs. health. com : lost weight? here ' s how to keep it off therefore, regardless of height, a person is considered to be at an increased risk of developing an obesity - related disease if his waist circumference is greater than 40 inches or 35 inches, in men and women, respectively. downside : unless you ' re a supermodel, you ' re probably not in the habit of measuring your waist. in a 2008 study published in the journal of women ' s health, one in 10 women who underwent various cardiovascular


, respectively. downside : unless you ' re a supermodel, you ' re probably not in the habit of measuring your waist. in a 2008 study published in the journal of women ' s health, one in 10 women who underwent various cardiovascular health screenings didn ' t have their waists measured. some of the women simply may have refused, suggests senior author erin d. michos, m. d., an assistant professor of medicine in the division of cardiology at johns hopkins university school of medicine in baltimore, maryland. and busy doctors may resort to the scale rather than take the time to use a tape measure correctly, michos says. she urges dieters to do the measurement themselves at home. health. com : weight - loss success story : together we lost over 200 pounds additionally, dr. michos points out, measuring waist circumference may provide a more vivid indication of weight - loss progress. " when someone starts to exercise, they might increase muscle mass as well, and therefore might be frustrated not to see too much change on the scale in terms of total weight, " she says. conversely, if a tape measure reveals a decrease in waist circumference, you can see the benefit and know you ' re improving your health, which can also motivate you to continue an exercise and diet plan. upside : superaccurate. this low - radiation, full - body x - ray, typically used to screen for osteoporosis, computes body composition and the percentage of fat in the body by measuring fat mass, lean mass, and bone mass. " they are the gold standard, " says david freedman, ph. d., an epidemiologist in the division of nutrition, physical activity, and obesity at the centers for disease control and prevention in atlanta, georgia. downside : cost. unfortunately, if not covered by insurance, a dexa scan could end up costing you a couple hundred dollars, an expense that isn ' t necessary, according to nelson. other body fat measurements upside : your wallet won ' t take such a hit from other more economical approaches. bioelectrical impedance analysis ( bia ), which can sometimes be found at health clubs and involves attaching electrodes to the hands and feet or standing on electrode pads, sends a small electric signal through the body to compute the composition of body fat and muscle mass. some physicians and health clubs also use so - called skin - fold tests, which use calipers or pinchers to measure


( cnn ) - - as most parents of adolescents know all too well, text messaging has become the preferred method of communication for american teenagers, with one in three teens sending more than 100 texts a day, a new survey says. the survey by the pew research center ' s internet & american life project illustrates the indispensable role that text messaging, and mobile phones in general, play in the lives of today ' s teenagers. three - quarters of 12 - to 17 - year - olds own cell phones, up from 45 percent in 2004, and daily text messaging to friends has increased rapidly in recent years. the research, made public tuesday, confirms that teens make and receive far fewer phone calls than text messages. they primarily use their phones for voice calling when communicating with parents, although they prefer text messaging when it comes to communicating with their peers. although teens make or receive about five calls a day, half of them send a minimum of 50 text messages a day, the survey found. " texting is so functional and efficient, " said amanda lenhart, a senior research specialist at pew, when asked to explain the survey results. " it ' s convenient and fits into those small spaces in daily life. you ' re not talking about much, but you ' re telling people you ' re connected to them. " how do teens manage to send so many text messages while spending the better part of monday through friday in the classroom? forty - three percent of teens who take their phones to school reported sending at least one text message from class a day, despite the fact that many schools have banned cell phones in class. lenhart said this just goes to show how important text messaging is to teens. " teenagers have been looking for ways to skirt around rules and defy administrators for millennia, whether it ' s passing notes in class or passing digital notes in class through cell phones, " she said. and teenage girls are doing most of the texting. girls send and receive about 80 text messages a day, while boys send and receive only 30. this is not a surprising find, according to pew, as females also use other communicative tools more than males. girls will text for social reasons more so than boys will, the survey found. for example, 59 percent of girls text their friends multiple times a day " just to say hello, " as opposed to 49 percent of boys who do the same. the fact that girls use their cell phones more than boys might be one reason that of the 64 percent of parents who have monitored their teens


multiple times a day " just to say hello, " as opposed to 49 percent of boys who do the same. the fact that girls use their cell phones more than boys might be one reason that of the 64 percent of parents who have monitored their teens ' cell phones, the vast majority are parents of 12 - to 13 - year - old girls. " it ' s a historic relationship.... parents tend to regulate girls more than boys for a variety of social and gender reasons, " lenhart said. teens are using their phones to record and share their daily experiences, lenhart said. in addition to texting, 83 percent of teens use their mobile phones to take pictures, and 64 percent of teens share their pictures with others. during focus groups, lenhart said, she asked teens what they liked to take pictures of with their cell phones. the most common answers : their pets, the people in their lives and the funny things they want to share with their friends. lenhart said the growth of wireless carriers ' unlimited texting plans has made it easier for teens to communicate via text message. " it ' s like the all - you - can - eat plan, " she said. teenagers " don ' t have to worry about cramming everything into 160 characters anymore.... it doesn ' t cost 20 cents to send ' ok ' to a friend. " the pew survey was conducted last summer on landline and cell phones, and it included 800 youths ages 12 - 17, plus one of their parents.


on cnn tv : superstorms are a new breed of weather that put lives and cities that were once protected in the eye of their fury. are we ready for the next one? watch cnn ' s " the coming storms " on saturday, january 12, at 8 p. m. and 11 p. m. et. ( cnn ) - - they hover above our heads, out of sight, zooming in and taking pictures. they aren ' t interested in the latest celebrity wedding or covert military operation. and the images they take aren ' t going to make the front page of any magazine or website. but maybe they should. that ' s because the data collected by these powerful satellites have helped save countless lives by allowing meteorologists to warn people about dangerous storms - - sometimes a week before they strike - - with pinpoint accuracy. seven days before superstorm sandy hit the united states on october 29, computer models based on the data from these satellites predicted the storm would make landfall in new jersey. it landed just five miles from where the earliest forecasts said it would. " it is unprecedented, " said chad myers, cnn ' s severe weather expert and meteorologist. " ( no ) other storm in recent memory has been forecast that good for that long. " we knew days in advance, much more in advance, 48 hours in advance more than we knew in katrina ( in 2005 ). " it could have been a much different story. a month before the 1, 000 - mile - wide storm struck the northeast, at the height of the hurricane season, the geostationary satellite that monitors the caribbean and atlantic - - where sandy gathered strength - - stopped working. while there are dozens of american weather satellites in orbit, these geostationary spacecraft are crucial to predicting dangerous weather patterns. luckily, the national oceanic and atmospheric administration, or noaa, had a backup satellite to scramble into place. without it, the early warning for sandy ' s impending strike on the northeast might not have been as accurate. that close call has meteorologists worried that, in this era of shrinking budgets, aging satellites might not get the expensive repairs they need to operate, and noaa might not be able to purchase backup satellites. satellites like these are expensive - - $ 1 billion each - - and they take five years to build and launch. compare that to the cost of major storms, like sandy which is estimated to have inflicted nearly $ 80 billion in damage in new york and new jersey alone. not to mention the cost in human lives. "


they take five years to build and launch. compare that to the cost of major storms, like sandy which is estimated to have inflicted nearly $ 80 billion in damage in new york and new jersey alone. not to mention the cost in human lives. " if there ' s a major failure of the satellites, that would be a major disaster and indeed we would be blinded in many respects, " explained kevin trenberth, who heads climate analysis at the national center for atmospheric research. " we would not be able to see what ' s going on in the earth ' s system as well as we can now. " scientists can only wonder how many lives this technology could have saved on september 8, 1900, when a category 4 hurricane slammed into galveston, texas, with no warning, killing at least 8, 000 people. it would be another 70 years before satellites were used in weather forecasting. a major failure of these satellites could pose a serious threat as climatologists and meteorologists warn that storms like sandy could become more frequent and more powerful in the near future. lessons from katrina seven years ago, the only thing protecting the low - lying city of new orleans from a massive storm surge was an inadequate and outdated system of levees and floodwalls. after hurricane katrina slammed into the u. s. gulf coast in 2005 - - killing 1, 800 people and inflicting $ 100 billion in damage - - congress said never again. federal lawmakers spent $ 14. 5 billion, mostly federal funds, to build a fortress around new orleans. today the city is protected by 350 miles of stronger levees and higher flood walls that form a circle around new orleans to keep any deadly storm surges at bay. among its most powerful new weapons : the largest storm - surge barrier in the world. the massive barrier wall extends nearly 200 feet into the earth, and towers 26 feet above the water. it ' s reinforced by 350, 000 tons of steel - - 50 times the amount in the eiffel tower. the fortress has turned new orleans into a giant bathtub. to prevent that bathtub from filling up during a major storm, the city built the world ' s largest water pumping system. " ( one station ) can pump about 30, 000 cubic feet of water per second, which is just extraordinary, " said garrett graves, who is overseeing the state ' s new hurricane protection plan. at that rate, graves explained, each of the 77 pumping stations could " fill an olympic size swimming pool in about 4½ seconds. "


which is just extraordinary, " said garrett graves, who is overseeing the state ' s new hurricane protection plan. at that rate, graves explained, each of the 77 pumping stations could " fill an olympic size swimming pool in about 4½ seconds. " it ' s arguably the best hurricane protection system in the country - - but malcolm bowman hopes it won ' t be for long. that ' s because bowman wants to build a barrier system across the 5 - mile - wide opening to new york harbor that he says could have protected america ' s most populated city from sandy ' s devastating storm surge. " if barriers and sand dunes had been properly built in the last eight years, none of this would have happened, " he said. bowman leads the storm surge research group at long island ' s stony brook university. the group promotes a plan to create an elaborate system of barriers and causeways that would virtually flood - proof much of metro new york. they say their " outer harbor gateway " plan would cost billions of dollars less than the damage that sandy inflicted upon the state of new york. bowman has spent years warning officials of the storm surge risk to new york city. less than a month after katrina, he wrote an op - ed in the new york times warning that the same thing could happen to new york city - - and outlining his storm barrier system solution to prevent it from happening. he tried again in 2008 as part of a climate change panel convened by new york city ' s mayor michael bloomberg. but no barriers were built. today, bowman is hopeful that new york authorities will green - light his plan. gov. andrew cuomo is awaiting recommendations from a commission that he tasked with finding long - term solutions to protect his state from future weather calamities. two commissions on disaster preparedness and response have already offered their recommendations to the governor, who is expected to announce several proposals during his " state of the state " address on wednesday. bowman ' s idea is not new : similar barriers already exist in stamford, connecticut, and providence, rhode island, and massive barriers are already in operation in the netherlands and russia. with the rising sea levels - - a result of the shrinking polar ice cap - - experts including bowman say the risk of massive flooding events is increasing each year - - and not just in low - lying communities like new orleans. " we have to start planning, " bowman said. " it ' s no longer every person for themselves. there ' s too much at risk. we have to do it. " the polar problem over


in low - lying communities like new orleans. " we have to start planning, " bowman said. " it ' s no longer every person for themselves. there ' s too much at risk. we have to do it. " the polar problem over the past 20 years, the global sea level has risen more than two inches as a result of greenland ' s shrinking ice masses, according to dr. kevin tremberth with the national center for atmospheric research. that ' s because warmer temperatures are melting the polar ice caps. recent satellite images from nasa showed unprecedented surface ice melt, with about 97 % of greenland ' s ice sheet showing signs of thawing. these changes in the polar region are closely monitored by climate scientists, like daniel steinhage, whose team surveyed greenland ' s shrinking ice with polar 6 one of the most advanced research aircraft in the world. it will take months to evaluate the data gathered by the aircraft, including ice samples thousands of years old taken from deep within the ice sheet. the arctic is something like an archive of the earth ' s climate and within its layers, researchers can find information on temperatures, the amount of precipitation, dust particles and ash from volcanic eruptions dating back 100, 000 years. " if we can explain the past, what happened there, then we can use the same programs to run them forward to see what the future will bring us, " said steinhage of germany ' s alfred wegener institute. long before the official lab analysis, scientist sepp kippstuhl can identify some unique patterns even with his naked eye. what he and the other scientists are seeing is that greenland ' s ice sheet is vanishing quickly - - a fact confirmed by the 2012 noaa arctic report card. what ' s not entirely clear is how quickly, how often, and why temperatures changed in the past, something that these scientists are studying to better understand how our climate is evolving today. for now, one thing is clear : melting ice and rising sea levels increase the potential of a damaging storm surge. " we expect several more feet in the next century, " said climate scientist adam sobel. " so if you start with higher water... the storm surge will be added on top of that. and so, we ' ll get a higher flood. " who ' s going to pay? superstorm sandy brought a record - breaking 15 - foot storm surge to new york harbor ( the storm surge is the level of water generated by a storm that ' s above the normal high tide ). as sandy approached


who ' s going to pay? superstorm sandy brought a record - breaking 15 - foot storm surge to new york harbor ( the storm surge is the level of water generated by a storm that ' s above the normal high tide ). as sandy approached new york, one buoy in the harbor measured a 32. 5 - foot wave - - nearly seven feet taller than the highest wave churned up by hurricane irene in 2011. the enormous amount of water combined with the storm ' s powerful winds washed out the low - lying beachside neighborhood of breezy point, new york. the flooding is believed to have sparked a fire that burned down more than 100 homes. bowman said all of that devastation could have been avoided. he said 30 - foot - high sand dunes would have been enough to keep breezy point dry. projects such as that are expensive to build - - but sometimes the cost isn ' t the only hurdle standing in the way. some oceanfront residents in new jersey have stymied a federally funded effort to build storm - protecting dunes - - even after witnessing the devastation from sandy and irene. it comes down to a property rights issue : homeowners must cede part of their land to the government through easements, where the dunes will be built. some homeowners want the government to compensate them for land ; others just don ' t want to allow the government to control the property. " if we did sign it, we give up our land, " long beach island, new jersey, resident dorothy jedziniak told national public radio. " assignment means that your local politicians could assign a walkway, toilets, whatever. " bowman believes the cost is too high for residents living near the coast not to act. " people who lived here are paying for it in terms of human misery, " he said. " but if you talk about paying for it in terms of rebuilding and the dollars, where are the dollars going to come from? and are the people of the midwest going want to pay for protecting these privileged few people who are lucky enough to live on the ocean ' s edge? i don ' t think so. " cnn ' s tricia escobedo wrote this story based on reporting from cnn correspondents ed lavandera, john zarrella, david mattingly, jason carroll, and frederick pleitgen.


below are many educational links that may be helpful with homework and many other schools projects. if you know of any links that you would like us to add please let us know. u. s. treasury department kids page see how money is made, learn about different money from all over the world, and find out how to tell the difference between real and counterfeit money. the united states mint learn about the different kinds of coins in the u. s. and around the world. business guide for kids learn about becoming an inventor, money and financing, and games. sea world and busch garden ' s animal resources learn about the ecosystem, download coloring pages and hear a whole library of the sounds different animals make. learn about everything from animals to science. the fishy faq a bouillabaisse of fascinating facts about fish! fish information service a ton of fish information from the fish information service. penguins, seals, sharks, and whales learn how all of these very different animals survive together in the sea. on line tours of the exhibits at the american museum of natural history in new york. a timeline of art history an active timeline of art from all over the world, dating from 30, 000 b. c. to the present. a. pintura - art detective learn about great painters to solve the mystery and win the game! an interactive game about great works of art. world art treasures a collection of slides, history, and commentaries about art masterpieces. art museums and galleries metropolitan museum of art the virtual smithsonian moma : the museum of modern art smithsonian national museum of african art heard museum of native american art a list of crafty ideas great craft ideas for each month of the year. astronomy and space basics of space flight learners ' workbook learn about how to navigate through the solar system. tons of information about our own planet and how it relates to the rest of the universe. overview of the solar system great photos and profiles of each plant. nasa space history a tour through the history of space exploration. development and anatomy visit the brain explorer view a brain atlas and learn about how your brain works. play games, get healthy recipes, and read journals written by kids with asthma, diabetes, or broken bones. find activities, play games, and create and interactive storybook to learn more about the environment. children of the earth united learn amazing things about plants and animals from a native american perspective, and get a chance to show off your knowledge, too! ask jeeves for kids an answer for virtually any question you will ever have.


about the environment. children of the earth united learn amazing things about plants and animals from a native american perspective, and get a chance to show off your knowledge, too! ask jeeves for kids an answer for virtually any question you will ever have. the comic strip a place to read all of your favorite comic strips each day. make your own greeting cards, learn about how crayola crayons are made, and find out which famous people share your favorite color. home of bill nye, the science guy. fruit and vegetable nutrition center find out about the five color groups of fruits and veggies, download a comic book, and create your own recipes. nutrition explorers from the dairy council enter contests, take polls, and feed mungo the monster. government and politics the official website of the white house and the president. the constitution of the united states a complete database of information about the constitution and the amendments from the national archives. the u. s. supreme court the official website of the judicial branch of our government. learn about the house of representatives find out what ' s being debated on the house floor, get information about bills or laws, or send mail to your representative. learn about the senate learn about different senate committees, view historic art in the archives, or contact one of the senators from your state. a listing of government agency pages for kids. 4000 years of women in science biographies, photographs, and references. mr. dowling ' s electronic passport search for interesting historical facts by era, subject, or geographical region, all while listening to mr. dowling doing his nutty voices! historical collections from the national digital library at the library of congress. a catalog of resources and information about the american civil war era. links to the past the virtual museum of the national park service. this day in history the history channel ' s compilation of what happened in history on this day, your birthday, or any other day of the year. united states holocaust memorial museum personal stories, maps, and online exhibits about the holocaust and related current events. authors and writing harry potter books learn about the books, browse the glossary of magic spells, and find out how to pronounce those hard words with the audio dictionary. international kid ' s space a gallery of art, stories, and music created by kids just like you. notable citizens of planet earth biographical information on over 28, 000 people from ancient times to the present. which famous people were born on your birthday? elements of style basic rules of grammar, form, word


a magnetic field is a vector field responsible for generating forces on electrically charged objects and magnets. magnetic fields are generated by magnetic dipoles, moving electric charges, or changing electric fields. magnetic fields are linked to electric fields ; light, for instance, is a propagating electric and magnetic wave. relativistically, a magnetic force in one inertial frame corresponds to an electric force in another. when trying to determine the magnetic forces and fields, the right hand rule often proves useful. earth ' s magnetic field the magnetic field of earth is directional nearly north - to - south, although slightly askance, meaning that " magnetic north " is not the same as " true north, " and a person who is orienteering must take into account this change of declination, although it is truly only marginally relevant, unless you are close to either pole. this field has been decaying at a rapid rate of about about 5 % per century, which casts doubt on the theory that the earth is billions of years old. this decay suggests that, at some point, the poles will invert. scientists have speculated about the history of earth ' s magnetic field. one group that makes use of the bible as a resource for science suggests that the history of the earth ' s magnetic field is as depicted to the right. - ↑ boy scout handbook. - ↑ k. l. mcdonald and r. h. gunst, ' an analysis of the earth ’ s magnetic field from 1835 to 1965, ’ essa technical report, ier 46 - ies 1, u. s. govt. printing office, washington, 1967. - ↑ http : / / www. answersingenesis. org / creation / v20 / i2 / magnetic. asp


in an article for xconomy, university of washington professor ed lazowska identifies seven game - changing computer science advancements that emerged over the past decade and speculates on seven others to come in the years ahead. the technologies that came to the fore in the first decade of the 21st century – search, digital media, e - commerce, cloud computing, etc. – are marked by exponential growth. ubiquitous high - bandwidth connectivity to all of the world ’ s digital data, to name one example, has accelerated the momentum of mobility and the increasingly central role of the mobile phone, lazowska says. cloud computing, meanwhile, facilitates universal access to and sharing of data, making private data centers less and less desirable. among the technologies that lazowska envisions coming into their own in the next decade are smart homes equipped with cheap sensors and machine learning that will, among other things, make the homeowner ’ s electricity bill instantly accessible. lazowska also anticipates the eventual ubiquity of instrumentation within the human body so that medical diagnoses can be performed with all the convenience, speed, and efficiency of an automotive checkup. intelligent robots also are expected to become mainstream in the next decade as they migrate from structured to unstructured environments. lazowska projects a flood of data supported by the mass rollout of cheap high - bandwidth sensors that make data collection by all kinds of devices and venues easy and affordable, and this will set up the challenge of developing automated tools that can extract meaning from this vast corpus of information. for more information visit : http : / / www. cpccci. com this entry was posted on thursday, december 31st, 2009 at 4 : 30 pm and is filed under computer science and engineering news. you can follow any responses to this entry through the rss 2. 0 feed. you can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


if done properly, frozen fruits and vegetables will be just as nutritious as their fresh counterparts. freezing is a quick and easy way to preserve foods and cpma has compiled a few tips to help you get the best value from your fruit and vegetables. if you plan to freeze your fresh fruits and vegetables, select the freshest, best quality produce at the peak of maturity. fruits should be ripe but firm, avoid over ripe or spoiled produce. download cpma ’ s fruit freezing guide and vegetable freezing guide for full details including itemized tables with specific preparation and freezing tips. minimize quality loss during freezing enzymes are responsible for changes in fruits and vegetables during ripening. these changes are desirable until the food reaches its peak of maturity, then ripening must be stopped to prevent eventual spoilage. - control enzyme activity by blanching the fruits and vegetables you intend to freeze. blanching and freezing slows enzyme activity. what is blanching? - fruits and vegetables contain a high proportion of water which will form ice crystals when frozen. the sharp edges and corners of the ice crystals will puncture cell walls softening the texture and causing juice loss. to minimize ice crystals drain the fruits and vegetables well and freeze them as quickly as possible. keep your freezer at a constant temperature of - 18°c ( 0°f ) or lower. - frozen fruits and vegetables lose moisture in a dry freezer if they are not properly packaged. this drying is called freezer burn. to avoid freezer burn, use appropriate packaging. remove as much air as possible from the packages before freezing the fruits and vegetables. tip : freezer burnt areas should be discarded. six steps to success with frozen fruits and vegetables - prepare produce quickly and carefully. wash in cold water using a soft brush. drain well and blot with clean tea towel or paper towels. remove all excess moisture from the fruits and vegetables to avoid formation of ice crystals. - to hasten freezing of your fruits and vegetables or to freeze pieces individually, use the tray freezing method. to tray freeze place pieces of fruits or vegetables in a single layer on a cookie sheet or shallow pan, place uncovered in freezer for 1 to 2 hours. when frozen, package accordingly. tray freezing allows fruits and vegetables to maintain their shape and avoid sticking together. - package in clean, food safe plastic packaging to maintain quality and protect the fruits and vegetables from freezer burn. tip : use freezer tape if necessary to seal the packaging. - freeze fruits and vegetables at - 18°c ( 0°f )


- enter a word for the dictionary definition. from the collaborative international dictionary of english v. 0. 48 : way \ way \, n. [ oe. wey, way, as. weg ; akin to os., d., ohg., & g. weg, icel. vegr, sw. v [ aum ] g, dan. vei, goth. wigs, l. via, and as. wegan to move, l. vehere to carry, skr. vah. [ root ] 136. cf. convex, inveigh, vehicle, vex, via, voyage, wag, wagon, wee, weigh. ] [ 1913 webster ] 1. that by, upon, or along, which one passes or processes ; opportunity or room to pass ; place of passing ; passage ; road, street, track, or path of any kind ; as, they built a way to the mine. " to find the way to heaven. " - - shak. [ 1913 webster ] i shall him seek by way and eke by street. - - chaucer. [ 1913 webster ] the way seems difficult, and steep to scale. - - milton. [ 1913 webster ] the season and ways were very improper for his majesty ' s forces to march so great a distance. - - evelyn. [ 1913 webster ] 2. length of space ; distance ; interval ; as, a great way ; a long way. [ 1913 webster ] and whenever the way seemed long, or his heart began to fail. - - longfellow. [ 1913 webster ] 3. a moving ; passage ; procession ; journey. [ 1913 webster ] i prythee, now, lead the way. - - shak. [ 1913 webster ] 4. course or direction of motion or process ; tendency of action ; advance. [ 1913 webster ] if that way be your walk, you have not far. - - milton. [ 1913 webster ] and let eternal justice take the way. - - dryden. [ 1913 webster ] 5. the means by which anything is reached, or anything is accomplished ; scheme ; device ; plan. [ 1913 webster ] my best way is to creep under his gaberdine. - - shak. [ 1913 webster ] by noble ways we conquest will prepare. - - dryden. [ 1913 webster ] what impious ways my wishes took! - - prior. [ 1913 webster ] 6. manner ; method ; mode ; fashion


- shak. [ 1913 webster ] by noble ways we conquest will prepare. - - dryden. [ 1913 webster ] what impious ways my wishes took! - - prior. [ 1913 webster ] 6. manner ; method ; mode ; fashion ; style ; as, the way of expressing one ' s ideas. [ 1913 webster ] 7. regular course ; habitual method of life or action ; plan of conduct ; mode of dealing. " having lost the way of nobleness. " - - sir. p. sidney. [ 1913 webster ] her ways are ways of pleasantness, and all her paths are peace. - - prov. iii. 17. [ 1913 webster ] when men lived in a grander way. - - longfellow. [ 1913 webster ] 8. sphere or scope of observation. - - jer. taylor. [ 1913 webster ] the public ministers that fell in my way. - - sir w. temple. [ 1913 webster ] 9. determined course ; resolved mode of action or conduct ; as, to have one ' s way. [ 1913 webster ] 10. ( naut. ) ( a ) progress ; as, a ship has way. ( b ) pl. the timbers on which a ship is launched. [ 1913 webster ] 11. pl. ( mach. ) the longitudinal guides, or guiding surfaces, on the bed of a planer, lathe, or the like, along which a table or carriage moves. [ 1913 webster ] 12. ( law ) right of way. see below. [ 1913 webster ] by the way, in passing ; apropos ; aside ; apart from, though connected with, the main object or subject of discourse. by way of, for the purpose of ; as being ; in character of. covert way. ( fort. ) see covered way, under covered. in the family way. see under family. in the way, so as to meet, fall in with, obstruct, hinder, etc. in the way with, traveling or going with ; meeting or being with ; in the presence of. milky way. ( astron. ) see galaxy, 1. no way, no ways. see noway, noways, in the vocabulary. on the way, traveling or going ; hence, in process ; advancing toward completion ; as, on the way to this country ; on the way to success. out of the way. see under out. right of way ( law ), a right of private passage over


traveling or going ; hence, in process ; advancing toward completion ; as, on the way to this country ; on the way to success. out of the way. see under out. right of way ( law ), a right of private passage over another ' s ground. it may arise either by grant or prescription. it may be attached to a house, entry, gate, well, or city lot, as well as to a country farm. - - kent. to be under way, or to have way ( naut. ), to be in motion, as when a ship begins to move. to give way. see under give. to go one ' s way, or to come one ' s way, to go or come ; to depart or come along. - - shak. to go one ' s way to proceed in a manner favorable to one ; - - of events. to come one ' s way to come into one ' s possession ( of objects ) or to become available, as an opportunity ; as, good things will come your way. to go the way of all the earth or to go the way of all flesh to die. to make one ' s way, to advance in life by one ' s personal efforts. to make way. see under make, v. t. ways and means. ( a ) methods ; resources ; facilities. ( b ) ( legislation ) means for raising money ; resources for revenue. way leave, permission to cross, or a right of way across, land ; also, rent paid for such right. [ eng ] way of the cross ( eccl. ), the course taken in visiting in rotation the stations of the cross. see station, n., 7 ( c ). way of the rounds ( fort. ), a space left for the passage of the rounds between a rampart and the wall of a fortified town. way pane, a pane for cartage in irrigated land. see pane, n., 4. [ prov. eng. ] way passenger, a passenger taken up, or set down, at some intermediate place between the principal stations on a line of travel. ways of god, his providential government, or his works. way station, an intermediate station between principal stations on a line of travel, especially on a railroad. way train, a train which stops at the intermediate, or way, stations ; an accommodation train. way warden, the surveyor of a road. [ 1913 webster ] syn : street ;


from corporations to insurers to health care providers, there is a rush to reward those who take proactive steps in living a healthier lifestyle. but those aren ’ t the only places wellness is trending. it ’ s also a thriving area of research. last weekend, i had the opportunity to attend the fitness and health bloggers conference in denver, colo. we had a first - hand look at the newly established anschutz health and wellness center at the university of colorado, which opened on april 16. the anschutz health and wellness center is taking an innovative research and education approach to understand the effects of wellness practices on the human body. to assist researchers at the university of colorado, programs like the human performance lab, metabolic kitchen and grocery lab were implemented. understanding the science of exercise the human performance lab revolutionizes athletic training by monitoring how an individual ’ s body reacts to exercise at a microscopic level, moving away from the popular practice of monitoring the heart rate to analyze the muscle performance. dr. inigo san millan, an exercise physiologist, studies the metabolic responses to exercise in order to help people find the optimum pace when the body is able to manage the levels of lactic acid produced during exercise. lactic acid is a byproduct of physical activity that causes muscles to feel sore and can break down muscle tissue if excess acid builds over time, causing injury. by recording the amount of lactic acid at various workout paces, dr. san millan can recommend individualized training programs based on the athletes ’ goals and body performance. healthy food can taste better the university of colorado focuses most of its research on studying bodily reactions to dietary changes. for example, one research study currently underway is evaluating how zinc is absorbed by the body. to prevent misleading results, the study volunteers must maintain a strict and unvarying diet. to ensure this, researchers are using an in - house metabolic kitchen to prepare carefully planned meals in mass amounts for diet - based studies. the metabolic kitchen also tests recipes. during my visit, i was able to taste three samples of veggie dip and guess which dip was the healthiest with three times as much protein in it. expecting a sample that tasted worse than the others, i chose wrong. in fact, i chose the unhealthiest dip of them all ( made of whole - fat sour cream ). contrary to what many people believe, there does not have to be obvious distinctions between healthy and unhealthy recipes. making brand - blind decisions the


chose the unhealthiest dip of them all ( made of whole - fat sour cream ). contrary to what many people believe, there does not have to be obvious distinctions between healthy and unhealthy recipes. making brand - blind decisions the kroger company recently purchased a system, nuval, that would rate all its grocery items on the same point system based on the nutritional value. products high in sugar, fats and sodium received lower scores. for example, kashi cereal was ranked 20 points lower than the kroger brand wheat cereal. ocean breeze cranberry juice had a point value of 2, though it is made of 100 percent juice. this new point system helps challenge perceptions caused by branding, helping consumers make wiser and healthier decisions. the nuval system is currently only available at the king soopers stores, a regional store chain owned by kroger. to analyze the effect of the nuval point system, kroger sponsored the implementation of a grocery lab at the anschutz health and wellness center that would research consumer buying habits and educate people on making healthy purchases while at the grocery store. the grocery lab is designed and arranged much like the grocery store, except it does not house perishable items. the grocery lab also plans to research purchase habits for new food products before they get put on the shelves. while some organizations are dealing with the currently reality of healthy behaviors, research is shaping how we achieve a healthy lifestyle in the future.


yeast intermediary metabolism by dan g. fraenkel, harvard medical school © 2011 434 pp., illus. ( 138 b / w ), appendix, index the intermediary metabolism of small molecules is the meat and potatoes of cell function. the pathways and modes of obtaining energy, degradation and utilization of exogenous organic nutrients, and formation of the building blocks of the main macromolecules were a major focus of research in biology from the turn of the 20th century into the 1970s. other matters have come to prominence, but the field is active, with interesting problems that are central to biology and medicine. molecular biology developed through the use of one bacterium, eschericha coli, with the saying whats true for e. coli is true for elephants. in recent years, an analogous workhorse has been the eukaryotic microbe bakers yeast, saccharomyces cerevisiae, used in many studies of cell biology common to multicellular organisms. this book explains metabolism as based on saccharomyces. the topics include central metabolic pathways ; catabolism ; fermentation ; respiration ; biosynthesis of small molecules including cofactors ; the metabolism of lipids, polysaccharides, and storage molecules ; inorganic ions ; transport and compartments ; the global analysis of metabolism ; and issues of metabolic toxicity. it can be used in courses and as a reference book for research investigators.


in 1969, a union oil rig off the coast of santa barbara experienced a blowout. pipes burst, and oil spilled into the sea - - as much as 100, 000 barrels worth. the resultant oil slick so horrified local residents that earth day was born. soon thereafter, the first of a series of laws banning offshore drilling was enacted. the chance of another spill, locals reasoned, just wasn ' t worth drilling. and despite four decades of progress in eliminating such accidents, the ban has stood. yet, local beaches still see oil slicks and its resultant damage. where ' s the oil coming from? a seep occurs when oil escapes naturally from the ground, due to pressure in the underground reservoir. off the california coast, seeps release an incredibly large amount of oil. in fact, since the 1969 accident, the amount of such seepage in the santa barbara channel alone has been over 30 times as large as the amount from the spill itself. we can ' t stop such seeps, but we can reduce them. how? by drilling. earlier this year, university of california geophysics professor bruce luyendyk spoke to a citizens ’ town hall forum at santa barbara. he told citizens that the oil mucking up santa barbara beaches was due to seeps, not spills. according to luyendyk, the amount of oil escaping naturally from just one set of seeps in the santa barbara channel is equal to about 42 thousand gallons a day - - equal to an exxon valdez - size oil spill every 5 or 6 years. oil isn ' t the only thing seeping either. about 3 million cubic feet of natural gas escape each day from the ocean floor off the california coast. by comparison, your average home uses between 200 and 300 cubic feet per day. this is oil and gas we could be capturing and using. instead, it ' s going to waste and polluting beaches in the process. the sheer size of the seepage has led to the formation of a new environmental group, called sos california - - which stands for stop oil seeps. the group wants to lift the offshore drilling ban not to generate oil, but to reduce oil pollution from seepage. they point to university studies which demonstrate that extracting oil through drilling reduces reservoir pressure. that, in turn, reduces seepage. sos advocates lifting the drilling ban for just that reason - - to reduce oil pollution on local beaches. the outer continental shelf is rich in oil. according to the us doe, areas now off limits to drilling


, in turn, reduces seepage. sos advocates lifting the drilling ban for just that reason - - to reduce oil pollution on local beaches. the outer continental shelf is rich in oil. according to the us doe, areas now off limits to drilling hold around 18 billion barrels. other estimates are higher. alaska ' s anwr holds an additional 10 billion barrels. together, that ' s enough to cut our foreign oil imports by 20 % for the next 32 years, and generate $ 3. 5 trillion in revenue. that ' s trillion, with a " t ". polls show overwhelming support among americans to lift the drilling ban. but is washington listening? at the democratic convention this week in denver, house speaker nancy pelosi stopped to tell a group protesting the drilling ban, " can we drill your heads "? at the national level, the message doesn ' t seem to be getting through. the santa barbara city council recently voted to lift their local ban on drilling, a largely symbolic act since state and federal laws still prohibit it. it ' s a start. quote : bruce p. luyendyk was never placed at that town hall meeting by any report and only addressed them in a letter quote : but attending last tuesday ’ s hearing was one of the key authors of the very studies cited by firestone and the board majority, ucsb marine geophysicist bruce luyendyk


wildfires across russia. devastating floods in pakistan. deadly landslides and flash floods in india and china. heat wave across the united states. severe drought in niger. taken together, scientists warn the events match predictions for extreme climate events caused by global warming. this year is on track to be the warmest since reliable temperature records began over a century ago, mainly due to a buildup of greenhouse gases from fossil fuels. we speak to jeff masters, co - founder and director of meteorology for weather underground, a weather information website. [ includes rush transcript ] this is a rush transcript. copy may not be in its final form. amy goodman : wildfires across russia. devastating floods in pakistan. deadly landslides and flash floods in india and china. heat waves across the united states. severe drought in niger. taken together, scientists warn they could match predictions for extreme climate events caused by global warming. this year is on track to be the warmest since reliable temperature records began over a century ago, mainly due to a buildup of greenhouse gases from fossil fuels. that ’ s according to the un world meteorological organization. in moscow, the heat has doubled the daily death rate. this is andrei seltsovsky, the head of moscow ’ s health department. andrei seltsovsky : [ translated ] the average death rate in the city during normal times is between 360 to 380 people a day. today, we have around 700. this is no secret. everyone thinks we are trying to keep it secret. look, it is 40 degrees celsius on the street. amy goodman : over 1, 600 have been killed by the floods in pakistan, and landslides have killed over 300 in china. the estimated damage to homes, infrastructure and crops caused by the wildfires and the floods amounts to billions of dollars. and in russia, among the world ’ s largest exporters of wheat, all future grain exports have been banned for the rest of the year. well, we begin today with an overview of the extreme weather events in countries around the world. dr. jeff masters is co - founder and director of meteorology for weather underground, a weather information website — his latest post is about the heat wave in russia — joining us now from ann arbor, michigan. welcome to democracy now! dr. masters, talk about, first, what is happening in russia. dr. jeff masters : well, in russia, they ’ re getting a heat wave unlike anything that ’ s ever been recorded in that country. certainly going back the last 130 years, when


, talk about, first, what is happening in russia. dr. jeff masters : well, in russia, they ’ re getting a heat wave unlike anything that ’ s ever been recorded in that country. certainly going back the last 130 years, when we had good records, and then probably going back as much as a thousand years, if you look at the historical records, there has never been heat like this in moscow and over this huge area of russia. to give you some idea of what we ’ re talking about, back in 1920, russia recorded its highest temperature in moscow on record, 99 degrees fahrenheit. that record has been broken five times just in the past two weeks. so this is unprecedented heat, not only for moscow, but for a huge region of russia and some neighboring countries, as well. amy goodman : and talk about the effects in russia from wildfires to what we ’ re seeing, what, more than 300 more deaths in moscow alone a day as a result of the heat, that also leads to terrible problems of pollution. dr. jeff masters : yeah, the combined effects of heat and then air pollution and then smoke from fires is a terrible killer. we saw in 2003, when we had a similar heat wave over france and most of europe, the death toll reached over 40, 000. and i think in russia we ’ re going to be seeing death tolls certainly in the tens of thousands from this heat wave, as well. the smoke, in particular, is causing a tremendous hardship on the people, and the elderly, in particular, in russia. amy goodman : talk about the rest of the world, dr. masters. dr. jeff masters : ok. well, the entire world, if you look at the past six months, has experienced its warmest year on record, going back to the late 1800s when we first started making measurements. and so, it ’ s not a surprise that we might be seeing record heat waves and record high temperatures being set. in fact, there are seventeen countries in the world that have set their extreme all - time heat record this year. and that ’ s the most we ’ ve ever seen. the previous time was back in 2007, when fifteen countries set their all - time heat record. and those heat records this year include a 128 - degree fahrenheit reading in pakistan, which is the highest temperature ever reliably recorded in the entire continent of asia. so there ’ s been heat all over the globe. the ocean temperatures have been at


records this year include a 128 - degree fahrenheit reading in pakistan, which is the highest temperature ever reliably recorded in the entire continent of asia. so there ’ s been heat all over the globe. the ocean temperatures have been at record warm levels this year, and including in the tropical atlantic, where we ’ re expecting a severe hurricane season. so, it ’ s heat, heat, heat, is the name of the game this year on planet earth. amy goodman : july 2010 was the sixth - straight record warm month in the tropical atlantic and had the third - warmest anomaly of any month in history. what does that mean? dr. jeff masters : well, when you get those kind of sea surface temperatures, it provides extra energy for hurricanes, which is what we ’ re most worried about, because hurricanes are heat engines. they suck heat out of the ocean, and they convert that heat to the energy of their winds. so we ’ re expecting at least double the usual number of intense hurricanes this year, the ones that are most likely to do high levels of damage. and the other thing all that heat does, if it ’ s down in the caribbean, where a lot of it is, is it causes coral mortality. you get bleaching episodes where you ’ ll kill a large amount of coral. and back in 2005, the last year we had temperatures this warm in the tropical atlantic, we had a massive die - off of coral, particularly in the virgin islands and some of the neighboring islands. amy goodman : jeff masters, talk about the united states. dr. jeff masters : well, in the us, we ’ ve had some heat waves here, as well. it ’ s particularly in the south that we ’ ve had some daily records set. and as a rule, though, we haven ’ t gotten the extreme heat that has been seen in other parts of the world, back in — over in asia and africa and europe. so the us has kind of lucked out this year. i mean, it ’ s been hot, but we haven ’ t had severe drought or extreme heat waves like have been experienced in other parts of the world. certainly, if we would have had the kind of weather that russia is experiencing, it would have been an all - time record heat wave for this country, and probably been the worst natural disaster in american history. amy goodman : the asian southwest monsoon, exceptionally deadly this year, what countries, what areas, regions of the earth, did it affect


been an all - time record heat wave for this country, and probably been the worst natural disaster in american history. amy goodman : the asian southwest monsoon, exceptionally deadly this year, what countries, what areas, regions of the earth, did it affect? dr. jeff masters : well, primarily pakistan, where they had the worst flooding in that country ’ s history, but also neighboring areas of india, along kashmir, and then china, where over 700 people are dead today in a landslide that was triggered by heavy monsoon rains. afghanistan, as well, has seen heavy monsoon rains. so it ’ s been an exceptional year for the monsoon. and i think part of that is due to the fact that the temperatures have been so warm in that area. i mean, we ’ ve seen record heat in asia this year. and when you have a very warm atmosphere, you can evaporate more water vapor into it, which potentially can cause more flooding. and, in fact, if you look at the past few decades, the amount of heavy precipitation events in the indian monsoon has increased substantially. we ’ ve seen almost a doubling in some of these very heavy rainfall events. although the total amount of water falling down has not changed much, it ’ s these extreme events that have increased, and that ’ s in line with what climate prediction models are showing will continue to happen this century as the climate warms. amy goodman : the ice island that broke off of greenland that ’ s four times the size of manhattan, can you talk about the significance of this? dr. jeff masters : well, that particular ice island broke off the northern coast of greenland, where we haven ’ t really seen this kind of effect before. and what ’ s going on is that the temperatures in greenland over the past decade have been very, very warm. and particularly over north greenland this year, we ’ ve seen some very warm temperatures that have caused substantial melting of some of these glaciers and made them more vulnerable to large icebergs calving off of them. so, it ’ s just kind of a continuation of the warm pattern we ’ ve seen up there in the arctic over the past few decades. amy goodman : what is the connection between all of this extreme weather and climate change, global warming, jeff masters? dr. jeff masters : well, what we ’ re seeing this year is a preview of things to come. as the earth continues to warm, we ’ re going to see more extreme precipitation events, we ’ re going to see more heat waves


? dr. jeff masters : well, what we ’ re seeing this year is a preview of things to come. as the earth continues to warm, we ’ re going to see more extreme precipitation events, we ’ re going to see more heat waves, and this year is kind of a foretaste of that. now, not every year is going to be like this. for instance, if you look at last year, it was a relatively quiet year as far as natural disasters go. the amount of dollars paid by the insurance companies was below average. but we ’ re going to start seeing more and more years like this year when you get these amazing events that cause tremendous death and destruction. and the concern i have is that as this extreme weather continues to increase in coming decades and the population increases, the ability of the international community to respond to these disasters and provide aid to victims is going to be stretched to the limit, and we ’ re not going to be able to respond. and we ’ re going to get in a situation where there ’ s going to be global emergencies that continue year after year all across the countries, and we ’ re just going to be struggling to cope with that. amy goodman : finally, jeff masters, explain what weather underground is and what you feel about — i mean, there is tremendous amount of weather reported in the corporate media, in the mainstream media, all the time. people tune in constantly for it. it ’ s more and more frequent, because it affects people ’ s lives. and yet, you rarely hear the words " global warming " put together with extreme weather, so there ’ s no sense anyone can do anything about it. dr. jeff masters : well, you can put those words together with extreme weather. you have to talk a little bit carefully about it, because no single event can be blamed on climate change or global warming. but what i like to say sometimes is that we load the dice in favor of more extreme events. and perhaps it ’ s a better analogy to say we ’ re putting more spots on the dice. it used to be, when you roll the dice, you ’ d get snake eyes or you ’ d get double sixes. but i think now, particularly when we ’ re talking about extreme temperature events, where there ’ s more spots on the dice, you can ’ t roll snake eyes anymore, but you can roll a thirteen. and that ’ s what happened to russia this year ; they rolled a thirteen. i don ’ t think that kind


, where there ’ s more spots on the dice, you can ’ t roll snake eyes anymore, but you can roll a thirteen. and that ’ s what happened to russia this year ; they rolled a thirteen. i don ’ t think that kind of event was possible until recent decades, because global warming increased the baseline temperature of the world. so, i talk all the time about global warming and say, you know, we have to be cognizant of the fact that global warming is making heavy precipitation events and extreme heat waves more likely. can ’ t say this particular heat wave is to blame for it, but, boy, it sure is going to be more and more the case, as the decades go on, we ’ ll see these type of events. amy goodman : would you call on your fellow weathermen and women — i mean, there are conferences, i presume, that you go to where all of you are talking — to start making this link in the mainstream media when they do their news reports? dr. jeff masters : well, i do talk to some of these people, but most of them don ’ t go to the scientific conferences. they tend to stay in their tv studios and look at their own data. i think there ’ s a disconnect between the research community and tv meteorologists. and a lot of tv meteorologists are very skeptical that human - caused global climate change is real. they ’ ve been seduced by the view pushed by the fossil fuel industry that humans really aren ’ t responsible. and you can come up with all kinds of excuses — i ’ m sure you ’ ve heard them all — that, you know, climate scientists are doing it for — you know, to get attention and research money, that the temperature record is flawed, because, you know, we ’ ve got the heat island effect in cities and so on. but all of that is just propaganda that ’ s been put out by the pr industry of the fossil fuel industry, and it ’ s convinced a lot of tv meteorologists that that ’ s the case. so, it ’ s a tough road here, because we ’ re fighting a battle against an enemy that ’ s very well funded, that ’ s intent on providing disinformation about what the real science says. so, i do my best, but it ’ s a tough, uphill battle. amy goodman : who is the enemy? dr. jeff masters : well, it ’ s the pr industry in favor of the fossil