biological concepts and methods 1 ( lab ) biological concepts and methods i biological concepts and methods i i ( lab ) biological concepts and methods i i ( lecture ) guided research molecular genetics understanding the concepts and methods of science adds a very valuable learning skill to a student ' s liberal arts education ; we should become aware of world environmental issues loss of biodiversity and endangered / threatened species. concepts & methods of biology, evolution, molecular phylogenetics / bioinformatics, ecology ; biogeography ; marine ecology ; marine biology ; fishery biology. evolution, ecology, systematics of fishes ; fisheries / environmental science ; endangered fish ; tilefish morphological and molecular ( dna ) phylogeny. 2008 : president faculty research grant, adelphi univ. molecular phylogeny of the tilefishes. j. k. dooley ( 2013 ). branchiostegidae. in k. carpenter ( eds. ). fishes of the eastern north atlantic. ( pp. ( in press ) ). rome, italy : fao, united nations. j. k. dooley ( 2013 ). malacanthidae. in p. heemstra & j. e. randall ( eds. ). fishes of the western indian ocean. ( pp. in press ). j. k. dooley ( 2010 ). indicator of the state of global diversity of fishes : tilefishes. the iucn red list index. london, united kingdom : world conservation union. dooley, j. k. and y. iwatsuki ( 2012 ), a new species of deepwater tilefish ( percoidea : branchiostegidae ) from the philippines, with a brief discussion of the status of tilefish systematics. zootaxa, 3249, dooley, j., matsuura, k., collette, b., nelson, j., fritzsche, r. & carpenter, k. ( 2011 ), branchiostegus japonicus. iucn red list of threatened species., version 2011. 2. j. k. dooley + 30 other international redbook workshop speakers ( 2013, january ). endangered / threatened caribbean fishes. international union for the conservation of nature ( iucn ), trinidad and tobago. dooley, j. k., k. kelleperuma, and * l. jimenez, ( 2009 ). cladistic analyses of the tilefishes ( percoidea : malacanthidae and branchiostegidae ) using the mitochondrial 16


. k., k. kelleperuma, and * l. jimenez, ( 2009 ). cladistic analyses of the tilefishes ( percoidea : malacanthidae and branchiostegidae ) using the mitochondrial 16s and cyt. b genes. in amer. soc. ichthyol. & herpetol.. portland, or. kelleperuma, k, l. jimenez, j. k. dooley ( 2009 ). preliminary cladistic analysis of the tilefishes... based on the mitochondrial 16s and cytb genes. in soc. integr. compar. biol ( sicb ). boston, ma. other scholarly / artistic work 2009 - invited participant in the iucn international workshop assessing world ' s endangered and threatened marine fishes, sponsored by zool. soc. london, regent ' s park, london & the global marine assessment organization. 2010. fall sabbatical award, national museum, tokyo japan, molecular genetics and evolution in tilefishes from the east and south china seas ( japan, china, taiwan, philippines, and vietnam ). 2010. fall ; cold spring harbor / national science foundation sponsored dna iplant faculty workshop invitee, university minnesota, st. paul. community and corporate leadership 2008 - 13. board of governors new york marine sciences consortium, stony brook ; 2010. au volunteer community project, building beds for children ; san jose, costa rica, c. a. licenses & certifications 2010 certificate in plant genomics workshop cold springs harbor, nsf, univ. minnesota certificate in advanced dna workshop, cold springs harbor laboratory : certificate in computer science, dept. mathematics, adelphi univ. : scuba certification, national association of underwater instructors ( naui )


stimulants are sometimes prescribed by doctors to treat conditions such as asthma, respiratory problems, obesity, attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder ( adhd ), and sleep disorders like narcolepsy. this class of drug is often abused for its ability to produce euphoric effects or to counteract sluggish feelings induced by tranquilizers or alcohol. in the hands of young adults, stimulants are taken to stay awake, increase alertness and concentration, boost energy, and get high. sometimes people go beyond swallowing these pills. if they are prescribed drugs for adhd, they can save up their pills during the week and share them with friends at weekend parties. they then crush and snort them, or mix with alcohol. some students also report saving and selling their own add drugs around exam time. benzos, xanies, xani - bars, xani - bombs, and roofies withdrawal symptoms may include depression, disturbance of sleep patterns, fatigue, and apathy. overdose or death is preceded by high fever, convulsions, and heart failure. since death in these cases is partially due to strain on the heart, physical exercise increases the risks of stimulant use. interactions with stimulants stimulant abuse often goes along with the use of other substances like alcohol, other prescription drugs, over - the - counter drugs, and the use of illegal substances like marijuana. combining the following substances with stimulant can be highly dangerous : alcohol – people who use alcohol and stimulants together are likely to drink more before feeling the effects of alcohol because of the stimulant effects. the result? when the stimulant effect ( s ) wear off, the alcohol kicks in. prescription drugs - stimulants should only be used in combination with other medications under a physician ' s careful supervision. over - the - counter drugs - there are dangers associated with mixing stimulants and over the counter drugs that contain decongestants. blood pressure can become dangerously high or lead to irregular heart rhythms.


spanish and portuguese galleons, followed by british and dutch traders, sail these seas in search of the spice trade, escorted by their men - of - war to protect them from the daring raids of the bugis and makasar pirates. famed for their seafaring culture, the bugis are still the driving force behind the world ' s last commercial sailing fleet. bugis vessels have sailed as far as australia, leaving behind images of their ships carved in stone, and bugis would which were integrated into the aboriginal language of northern australia. the seafaring bugis dominate the shouthern tip of sulawesi, but in the rugged and remarkable country further north is tana toraja, often refered to as the " land of the heavenly kings ". the traditional culture of the torajans rivals any in the archipelago, making this area one of the most popular tourist destinations in indonesia. believing that their forefathers descending from heaven in a boat some twenty generations ago, the torajas have a unique christian - animist culture. the majority of the people still follow an ancestral cult called " aluk todolo " which governs all traditional ceremonies. their ancestor worship includes elaborate death and after life ceremonies, which are essentially great feasts. a strict social hierarchy is followed in the village and for important figure wedding and burial ceremonies can take days to perform. water buffalo and pigs are sacrificed in numbers appropriate to social rank, and the deceased ' s remind are placed in a coffin and interred in caves hollowed out in high cliffs. the mouth of the cave is guarded by life like status, called tau tau, who look out from a balcony near the burial caves, watching over the families and friends they have left behind. tongkonan, the family houses, are build on stilts with the roof rearing up at either end, representing the prows of the first ship to arrive in the area with the torajan ancestors. the houses all face the north and some say that this is because it was from the north that the ancestor of the toraja came. other however will say that the norths ( and east ) are regarded as the realm of the gods, on the compass of life. south sulawesi is also famouse for it tremendous scenery and the quality and tallent of its silk and silverwork industries, but the economy is largely based on agriculture. the provincial capital of ujung pandang, formerly makasar, however, has excellent facilities for water sport and is easily accessible by air. there are four


science fair project encyclopedia a ballistic missile is a missile, usually with no wings or fins, with a prescribed course that cannot be altered after the missile has burned its fuel, whereafter its course is governed by the laws of ballistics. in order to cover large distances ballistic missiles must be launched very high into the air or in space, in a sub - orbital spaceflight ; for intercontinental missiles the altitude halfway is ca. 1200 km. when in space and no more thrust is provided, the missiles are freefalling. long and medium range ballistic missiles are generally designed to deliver nuclear warheads because their payload is too limited for conventional explosives to be efficient, and because the extreme heat of re - entry would damage chemical or biological payloads. many advanced ballistic missiles have several rocket stages and their course can be slightly adjusted from one stage to the next. ballistic missiles can vary widely in range and use, and are often divided into categories based on range. the us distinguishes : - intercontinental ballistic missile ( icbm ) : range greater than 5500 km - intermediate - range ballistic missile ( irbm ) : range between 3000 and 5500 km - medium - range ballistic missile ( mrbm ) : range between 1000 and 3000 km - short - range ballistic missile ( srbm ) : range less than 1000 km. an example is the scud. medium to short range missiles are often called theatre ballistic missiles ( tbm ). using a missile with a considerably longer range than the distance from launch site to target can make sense : it can reach a higher altitude and come down with a higher speed, making defense more difficult. e. g. a missile with a range 3000 km fired at a target that is only 500 km away could arrive at its target after having reached an altitude of about 1200 km - roughly the height reached by icbms. like them, it would arrive at a speed of typically more than 6 km / s. the first ballistic missile was the v - 2 rocket, developed by nazi germany in the 1940s, which was successully launched for the first time on october 3, 1942 and used for the first time in operation on september 8, 1944. specific types of ballistic missiles include : - agni missile - blue steel missile - blue streak missile - minuteman missile - ss - 24 missile - ss - 18 missile - peacekeeper missile - polaris missile - poseidon missile - prithvi missile - css - 2 missile - condor missile - jericho missile - skybolt albm - surya icbm launched from fixed sites,


getting started with electranets masterfence energisers, solar cells, batteries, ' useful sunlight ' and helpful information we are often asked " just what do i need to get started with a system which is going to let me manage my stock effectively and sustainably and not become redundant when i want to add to it? ". here are answers to questions asked by people who encounter electranets for the first time and are a little puzzled by just what is involved in getting started with a flexible netting system and how they are going to power it. there are two basic modes - mains 240 volt ac and remote 12 volt dc. both methods work equally well. if you have mains power on the farm and you can easily connect your electric fencing to it then use it. it is a cheap and reliable option. if you have no mains power and want a highly flexible, easily moveable system you should use a battery powered energiser which you can run off a 12 volt battery. this can be powered by a solar cell or alternatively by recharging the battery with a battery charger. the new manufacturer of electranets is kencove farm fence and their recommendation for what sized enegizer is necessary is as follows : " we recommend a. 25 joule low - impedance charger minimum per net. ( example : 4 nets connected together would require 1 joule charger ) " how an electric energiser works an energiser works on the principle of energising the fence line with pulses of high voltage for a short duration. a typical energiser will supply 80, 000 pulses per day, each one of which may peak at over 8, 000 volts, 200, 000 watts, 200 amps, and have a duration of less than 1 / 5000 of a second. an animal touching the energised wires will then complete the circuit from the fence wires, through its body and then through the ground. the discomfort of this shock will then " encourage " the animal to stay away from the fence. a pavlovian reaction or course in aversion conditioning. the energiser spends most of its time collecting energy from the power source, ( either the 12 volt dc battery or 240 volt ac mains ), transforming the voltage electronically to higher levels and storing the energy in one or more capacitors. when the capacitor / s is / are fully charged, the energy is discharged in an instant


dc battery or 240 volt ac mains ), transforming the voltage electronically to higher levels and storing the energy in one or more capacitors. when the capacitor / s is / are fully charged, the energy is discharged in an instant ( 1 / 5000 of a second ), sent through the main transformer for a final voltage transformation and then delivered to the fence line. to an animal it feels like a very painful electric whiplash. what renders the pulse harmless to people and animals is its short duration. what is a solar panel? a solar panel is the device which can power a 12 volt dc energiser by converting sunlight into useful electricity. the most common type is made up of semi - crystalline silicon solar cells laminated between sheet of acetate and tempered glass. if you are contemplating running your electranets with a battery and solar panel you should buy only the best available and be sure to match the solar panel, battery and energiser. the two tables overleaf describe the size of solar panel and battery which best match the size of energiser which is recommended for the number of electranets masterfence you are intending to use. which type of battery is best and what are " useful daily sunlight hours "? will any 12 volt battery do? well yes and no. a 12 volt car or truck battery will deliver volts to the energiser but is not designed for continuous draw down ( when a vehicle is running the battery is being charged all the time ). what is needed is a deepdischarge battery, that is one which can be flattened without damaging itself and then be fully recharged. experience has shown that the best type of batteries for powering energisers are what are usually called gel cells. these are not cheap batteries, being at the forefront of technology, but they are certainly worth the cost in the long run. if you are at all confused about batteries or can ' t find a supplier who has what you want, talk to us and we can make some recommendations. please note well that the only battery chargers which are suitable for deep discharge batteries are those that have a fully automatic mode of operation. always recharge your deep discharge battery with the battery charger set on fully automatic mode ( never on boost ). useful daily sunlight hours are the hours of sunlight which are useful for activating solar cells. obviously this will vary from place to place. alice springs having far more useful hours than say melbourne. the bureau


• spume • pronunciation : spyum • hear it! part of speech : noun meaning : froth or foam from a liquid, especially sea foam. notes : today ' s good word allows us to distinguish sea foam from other types, since " sea foam " is its default meaning. this word may be used as a verb, as the volcano spumed forth a froth of fire. it comes with two adjectives, the latinate spumous and the germanic spumy, both meaning " showing or having foam ". there is also a french adjective, spumescent, which we have already explored. in play : today ' s good word offers us the opportunity of avoiding the cliche " foaming at the mouth " : " the senator loudly pontificated at his audience, arms flailing about and bits of spume forming at the corners of his mouth. " as the previous example indicated, the verbal applications of today ' s word are not limited to froth in the literal sense, as is the noun : " when lana jorgia saw the smoke spuming out of the oven door, she knew she ' d left the roast in too long. " word history : today ' s good word comes from a pie root with a fickle s, an initial s that is sometimes there and sometimes not. in latin it was spuma " foam " and in lithuanian it became spaine " mousse ". but the germanic and slavic languages lost the initial s, so we find foam in english, feim in german, and pena in russian. ( today we thank grogie, the mysterious lexiterian in the alpha agora, for suggesting this lovely foamy good word. )


sabine pass : the confederacy ' s thermopylae confederate president jefferson davis made the claim : " that battle at sabine pass was more remarkable than the battle at thermopylae. " sabine pass was the site of one of the most decisive civil war battles civil war texas american civil war on september 23, 1862, the union navy steamer kensington, schooner rachel seaman, and mortar schooner henry james appeared off the bar at sabine pass. september 24 - 25, 1862 the next morning, the two schooners crossed the bar, took position, and began firing on the confederate shore battery. the shots from both land and shore fell far short of the targets. the ships then moved nearer until their projectiles began to fall amongst the confederate guns. the confederate cannons, however, still could not hit the ships. after dark, the confederates evacuated, taking as much property as possible with them and spiking the four guns left behind. on the morning of the 25th, the schooners moved up to the battery and destroyed it while acting master frederick crocker, commander of the expedition, received the surrender of the town. union control of sabine pass made later incursions into the interior possible. result ( s ) : union victory location : jefferson county campaign : operations to blockade the texas coast ( 1862 - 63 ) date ( s ) : september 24 - 25, 1862 principal commanders : acting master frederick crocker [ us ] ; major j. s. irvine [ cs ] forces engaged : steamer kensington, schooner rachel seaman, and mortar schooner henry james [ us ] ; fort griffith garrison ( 30 ) and 25 mounted men 3 1 / 2 miles away [ cs ] estimated casualties : unknown pre - civil war 1860 texas map 24 x the period just prior to the civil war. in this period texas was in rapid development, trying to get railroad lines to the major cities and shipping points civil war texas describes texas ' s role in the civil war and notes the location of historical markers, statues, monuments, battle sites, buildings, and museums in texas that may be visited by those interested in learning more about the war. battle on the bay : the civil war struggle for galveston civil war history of galveston is one of the last untold stories from america ' s bloodiest war, despite the fact that galveston was a focal point of hostilities throughout the conflict. galveston emerged as one of the confederacy ' s only lifelines to the outside world. the last battle of the civil war may 12 - 13, the last battle of the civil war had been fought


galveston was a focal point of hostilities throughout the conflict. galveston emerged as one of the confederacy ' s only lifelines to the outside world. the last battle of the civil war may 12 - 13, the last battle of the civil war had been fought at the southernmost tip of texas — resulting in a confederate victory. although palmetto ranch did nothing to change the war ' s outcome, it added the final irony to a conflict replete with ironies civil war history book club recommended reading titles the southern journey of a civil war marine : the illustrated note - book of henry o. gusley on september 28, 1863, the galveston tri - weekly news caught its readers ' attention with an item headlined " a yankee note - book. " it was the first installment of a diary confiscated from u. s. marine henry o. gusley, who had been captured at the battle of sabine pass. gusley ' s diary proved so popular with readers that they clamored for more, causing the newspaper to run each excerpt twice until the whole diary was published. for many in gusley ' s confederate readership, his diary provided a rare glimpse into the opinions and feelings of an ordinary yankee - - an enemy whom, they quickly discovered, it would be easy to regard as a friend. this book contains the complete text of henry gusley ' s civil war diary walker ' s texas division, c. s. a : greyhounds of the trans - mississippi ( conflicting worlds : new dimensions of the american civil war ) colorfully known as the " greyhound division " for its lean and speedy marches across thousands of miles in three states, major general john g. walker ' s infantry division in the confederate army was the largest body of texans — about 12, 000 men at its formation — to serve in the american civil war. from its creation in 1862 until its disbandment at the war ' s end, walker ' s unit remained, uniquely for either side in the conflict, a stable group of soldiers from a single state. richard lowe ' s compelling saga shows how this collection of farm boys, store clerks, carpenters, and lawyers became the trans - mississippi ' s most potent confederate fighting unit bourland in north texas and indian territory during the civil war : fort cobb, fort arbuckle & the wichita mountains the indian conflicts during the period 1861 through 1865 on the southern frontier - the frontier of the confederate states of america. when the united states military forces withdrew in the face of the establishment of the new fledgling southern republic, a partial defense


overnight care of orphaned waterfowl ( ducks / geese ) - safe environment – place the animal ( s ) in a small covered cardboard box or plastic carrier with plenty of air holes for ventilation. use soft bedding such as towels or old t - shirts. do not use grass clippings, wood chips / shaving, newspaper or paper towels ; these types of bedding become damp very quickly which can lead to hypothermia. keep the box inside in a quiet, dark area away from pets and people. handle the animal as little as possible ; even young wild animals get stressed by captivity and over handling. change the bedding if it gets wet. if the duckling ( s ) are jumping a lot put them in a shallower box ( such as a shoe box ) with lid so they cannot jump themselves to exhaustion ; do not use a pet carrier or aquarium for these types of ducklings. - provide a heat source – infant birds cannot regulate their own body temperatures adequately and are susceptible to hypothermia. you can place a heating pad set to low under half of the box. if you do not have a heating pad you can fill a bottle with hot water, cover it with a barrier ( towel ) and place it inside the box. water bottles will need to be checked frequently for loss of heat over time. it is important for the animal to be able to move close to or away from the heat source. - a very shallow dish ( peanut butter lid, etc ) of water can be placed into enclosure for drinking purposes. do not let them swim or get wet! they are reliant on their mothers for waterproofing and heat and can die from hypothermia if allowed to swim. - commercially available duck / goose starter can be offered for food in a shallow dish. other temporary alternatives for overnight only are crushed up cheerios, bland hard cereal or cornmeal. do not give bread, seeds / corn, chips, popcorn, etc. if fed inappropriate things young waterfowl are susceptible to getting an intestinal blockage. - get the animal to a licensed wildlife rehabilitator or facility as soon as possible in the morning. it is against the law and not in the animal ’ s best interest to keep or raise wildlife without the proper permits and education. - always wash your hands thoroughly after handling a wild animal.


parliament of australia house of representatives house is not live senate is not live parliament of australia site sections both the senate and the house of representatives have extensive committee systems, and also work together on a number of joint committees. to find out more about the work of committees : the parliamentary library is part of the department of parliamentary services and provides services to senators, members, their staff and the staff of committees. the first library services were delivered to federal parliament in 1901 and continue to provide significant support to parliament and the democratic process. the 2013 - 14 budget was presented by the treasurer, the hon wayne swan mp in the house of representatives at 7. 30pm on tuesday, 14 may. budget papers can be downloaded from budget. gov. au portfolio budget statements of the parliamentary departments department of the senate | department of the house of representatives | department of parliamentary services | parliamentary budget office the house of representatives, known as the people ' s house, is where government is formed. it has 150 members, and the party or parties able to gain the support of the majority of the house form government. the house ' s other roles are to debate proposed laws, watch over government expenditure, including through its committee system, and to provide a forum for public debate on issues of national importance. parliament house is open to visitors every day of the year except for christmas day. the building is open from 9 : 00am to 5 : 00pm during non - sitting weeks and later during sitting weeks. please refer to the calendar or contact visitor services on 02 6277 5399 for more information. educational resources are available for you to learn more about parliament. back to top parliamentary sitting calendar go to the full calendar of events browse all senators and members


- full description creating 2d and 3d charts is one of the most common uses of computer graphics. such charts can have wide applications in representing mathematical, physical, and economic functions in your daily life. whether you are an engineer, a quantitative analyst, a teacher, or a student, you will end up dealing with charting applications to some degree. windows presentation foundation ( wpf ) is a next - generation graphics platform that enables you to build advanced user interfaces incorporating documents, media, 2d and 3d graphics, and animations. it is an ideal development tool that allows you to not only generate data, but also easily represent data graphically. practical wpf charts and graphics provides all the tools you will need to develop professional chart and graphics applications in wpf and c #. this book will be useful for wpf and c # programmers of all skill levels, providing a complete and comprehensive explanation of wpfs graphics capability and the creation of various charts, and paying special attention to the details of code implementation. what youll learn - understand the types of charts that can be developed in wpf and how wpf can be used to maximum effect in their development - develop a wide range of charts that consist of not only simple 2d and 3d graphs, but also the multimedia elements, embedded documents, and animations now commonly found in cutting - edge applications - adapt the wide selection of fully working demonstration charts that are provided with the book and integrate them into your own web site for instant results who this book is for practical charts and graphics is more than just a bookit ' s a powerful 2d and 3d charts and graphics package. you will find that many of the examples in the book can be immediately used in your real - world applications, and that many others will inspire you to create advanced graphical and sophisticated chart capabilities of your own. this book is targeted at professional developers and those who are studying to become professionals. its coverage is equally valuable to both groups, providing a strong reference for one audience and an excellent introduction to the other. - table of contents table of contents - overview of wpf programming - 2d transformations - wpf graphics basics in 2d - colors and brushes - 2d line charts - specialized 2d charts - stock charts - interactive 2d charts - 2d chart controls - data interpolations - curve fitting - 3d transformations - wpf graphics basics in 3d - 3d charts with the wpf 3d engine - 3d charts without the wpf 3d engine - specialized 3d charts - source code / downloads if you think that you ' ve found an error in this book, please let


is there a specific leed definition as it relates to whether a project would be considered in an urban, suburban, or rural location? it ' s not in the reference guide. i think it pretty much would be common sense or based on your land use regulations. you might also want to email usgbc to see what they say. the use of the term " urban " in the reference guide seems to bea more populated area as demonstrated by the density and connectivity credit ( i. e. 60, 000 sf / ac or 1 / 2 mile... ). but, more to your question and inthe absence of a more definitive explanation from the usgbc, this is cute, per wikipedia : " in the united states there are two categories of urban area. the term urbanized area denotes an urban area of 50, 000 or more people. urban areas under 50, 000 people are called urban clusters. urbanized areas were first delineated in the united states in the 1950 census, while urban clusters were added in the 2000 census. there are 1371 united states urban areas & urban clusters with more than 10, 000 people. the us census bureau defines an urban area as : " core census block groups or blocks that have a population density of at least 1, 000 people per square mile ( 386 per square kilometer ) and surrounding census blocks that have an overall density of at least 500 people per square mile ( 193 per square kilometer ). " however, a review of ssc8 defines the criteria of the 4 lz zones as such ( all per last us census ) : lz 1 : dark ( park and rural settings ) : less than 200 people / square mile lz 2 : low ( residential areas ) : 200 - 3, 000 people / square mile lz 3 : medium ( commercial / industrial / high density residential ) : 3, 000 - < 100, 000 people / square mile lz 4 : high ( major city centers / entertainment districts ) : > 100, 000 people / square mile i suppose i wouldthen define " urban " as an lz2 low zone ; density of1, 000 people / square mile? or would i define it as an lz 3 medium zone : density of 50, 000 people / square mile? or, per the us census, urban areas are those which have a minimum population of 50, 000 p / sm? or did they follow this up with a population of at least 5, 000 p / sm? boy, am i confused now! again,


sunday 19 may great bustard ( otis tarda ) what ’ s the world ’ s favourite species? find out here. great bustard fact file - find out more - print factsheet great bustard description a tall bird, the great bustard has a grey head and neck, and a brown back barred with black ( 2 ). the underparts are white with males developing a reddish - brown breast band that gets bigger with age ( 2 ) ( 5 ). the great bustard has an upright stance when walking, and flies with regular and powerful wing beats ( 2 ). - avutarda, avutarda comun. - length : 75 – 105 cm ( 2 ) great bustard biology male great bustards become sexually mature at four to five years of age, while females are known to have bred at just one year of age ( 5 ). males compete in what is known as a lekking system, gathering together at small display grounds ( known as a ' lek ' ) from where they attempt to impress females ( 6 ). the nests, which are shallow pits on dry, soft slopes and plains, are usually situated close to leks. after the female has chosen a male and mated with him, she lays one to three eggs and incubates them for 21 to 28 days ( 5 ) ( 6 ). the male does not incubate the eggs or contribute to caring for the chicks. the chicks can stand soon after hatching and will forage alone after ten days. after 30 to 35 days, the fledglings will be able to fly ( 6 ). some great bustard populations are migratory ( 5 ), and gather in large numbers at pre - migratory sites in order to move collectively to winter grounds ( 6 ). both winter and summer grounds differ between populations. top great bustard range found scattered across europe and asia, the great bustard is thought to breed in morocco, portugal, spain, austria, germany, slovakia, hungary, bulgaria, romania, moldova, turkey, iran, russia, ukraine, kazakhstan, kyrgyzstan, tajikistan, uzbekistan, mongolia and china ( 2 ). top great bustard habitat the great bustard inhabits steppe, grassland and open, agricultural land. areas with little or no human disturbance are favoured for breeding ( 2 ). top great bustard statustop great bustard threats increasing human disturbance and land privatisation is expected to lead to habitat loss caused by the ploughing of grasslands, intensive agriculture, afforestation, increased development of irrigation schemes


2 ). top great bustard statustop great bustard threats increasing human disturbance and land privatisation is expected to lead to habitat loss caused by the ploughing of grasslands, intensive agriculture, afforestation, increased development of irrigation schemes, and the construction of roads, power lines, fencing and ditches. mechanisation, chemical fertilisers and pesticides, fire and predation are serious threats for chicks and juveniles, and hunting of adults contributes to high mortality in some of their range countries ( 4 ). top great bustard conservation the great bustard is legally protected in all countries in its range ( 5 ), and both a european action plan and an east asian action plan have been formulated. these propose research into the factors causing population decline, protection of current breeding sites and winter grounds, as well as improvements to habitat in east asia. introducing low - intensity farming, preventing steppe fires, illegal hunting and collisions with power lines are also high priority actions ( 4 ). top find out more for further information on the great bustard see : great bustard group : austrian society for great bustard conservation : you can see the great bustard by visiting the salisbury plain : royal geographical society ’ s discovering britain walks : authenticated ( 05 / 05 / 08 ) by al dawes, project officer, great bustard group. - system of mating in which males display collectively in an area known as a lek. males compete for the best sites within the lek and females then choose whom to mate with on the basis of the display. iucn red list ( november, 2004 ) birdlife international ( november, 2004 ) cites ( november, 2004 ) cms ( november, 2004 ) - dawes, a. ( 2008 ) pers. comm. - birdlife international. ( 2001 ) threatened birds of asia : the birdlife international red data book. birdlife international, cambridge, uk. more » related species play the team wild game myarkive offers the scrapbook feature to signed - up members, allowing you to organize your favourite arkive images and videos and share them with friends. terms and conditions of use of materials copyright in this website and materials contained on this website ( material ) belongs to wildscreen or its licensors. visitors to this website ( end users ) are entitled to : - view the contents of, and material on, the website ; - download and retain copies of the material on their personal systems in digital form in low resolution for their own personal use ; - teachers, lecturers


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korean society celebrations - main page in korea, on the 100th day after a child ' s birth, a small feast is prepared to celebrate the child ' s having survived this difficult period. if the child is sick at this time, the family passes the day with neither announcement nor party, for to do otherwise is considered bad luck for the infant. at this time the samshin halmoni is honored with offerings of rice and soup in gratitude for having cared for the infant and the mother, and for having helped them live through a difficult period. the family, relatives and friends then celebrate with rice cakes, wine, and other delicacies such as red and black bean cakes sweetened with sugar or honey. to prevent potential harm to the child and to bring him or her good luck and happiness, red bean cakes are customarily placed at the four compass points within the house. if the steamed rice cakes are shared with 100 people, it is believed that the child will have a long life. therefore, rice cakes are usually sent to as many people as possible to help celebrate the happiness of the occasion. those who receive rice cakes return the vessels with skeins of thread, expressing the hope of longevity, and rice and money, symbolizing future wealth. such customs are also part of the tol, or first birthday, celebration. because of the high infant mortality rates in the past, this celebration is considered to be even more important. like the 100th day celebration, it begins with offerings of rice and soup to the samshin halmoni. however, the highlight of this celebration is when the child symbolically foretells his or her own future. for this ritual, the child is dressed in new traditional korean clothes. a male child wears the traditional hood worn by unmarried youths, and the female wears make - up. the child is seated before a table of various foods and objects such as thread, books, notebooks, brushes, ink and money which have all been given to the family by friends and relatives. the child is urged to pick up an object from the table, as it is believed the one selected first will foretell the child ' s future. if the child picks up a writing brush or book, for example, he is destined to be a scholar. if he picks up money or rice, he will be wealthy ; cakes or other food, a government official ; a sword or bow, a military commander. if the child picks up the thread, it is believed he will live a long life. this is followed by


up money or rice, he will be wealthy ; cakes or other food, a government official ; a sword or bow, a military commander. if the child picks up the thread, it is believed he will live a long life. this is followed by feasting, singing and playing with the toddler. most often guests will present gifts of money, clothes, or gold rings to the parents for the child at this time. upon departure, guests are given packages of rice cakes and other foods to take with them. this sharing of rice cakes is thought to bring the child long life and happiness. the hwan - gap, or 60th birthday, has also been considered an especially important birthday celebration, for this is the day when one has completed the zodiacal cycle. even more important is the fact that, in the past, before the advent of modern medicine, few people lived to be 60 years old. hwan - gap was therefore a time of great celebration when children honor their parents with a large feast and much merrymaking. with the parents seated at the main banquet table, sons and daughters, in order of age, bow and offer wine to their parents. after the direct descendants have performed this ritual, the father ' s younger brothers and their sons and then younger friends pay their respects in the same manner. while these rituals are being carried out, traditional music is usually played and professional entertainers sing songs, urging people to drink. family members and relatives indulge in various activities to make the parents feel young, often dressing like small children and dancing and singing songs. in the old days, guests would compete in composing poetry or songs in celebration of the occasion. in the past, years after the 60th birthday were regarded as extra years and although subsequent birthdays called for a celebration, it was not celebrated as lavishly as the hwan - gap party. upon the 70th birthday, or kohcui meaning old and rare, another celebration equal in scale with the hwan - gap was celebrated. although smaller in size and scope than the hwan - gap and the tol celebrations, the birthday celebration of each member of the family calls for ample food, wine and specially prepared delicacies. back to top information provided by the korean embassy


surveying the scene - martian style | the new pancam design has a camera bar that contains pancam and navcam ( navigation camera ) heads. a " visor " changes the elevation of the cameras so the rover can look up or down. credit : cornell university like all good exploration vessels, each of the mars exploration rovers, spirit and opportunity, includes a mast. instead of a crow ' s nest and a lookout, however, the rover mast - a little more than a meter tall - is topped by a pair of cameras - collectively called the pancam ( panoramic camera ) - that can image the scene around the rover as sharply as a person with 20 - 20 vision. the pancam ' s two lenses aim slightly inward from parallel, allowing twin images to be used as a stereo pair, showing the scene in three dimensions. and the whole camera head can rotate 360 degrees, as well as tilting up and down 90 degrees. the pancam design began, literally, from the ground up. " the governing requirement was that we be able to take images of potential obstacles about the size of the wheels of the rover about 100 meters away, " says jim bell, pancam lead scientist and an astronomer at cornell university. beginning with that requirement - and some cost constraints - the scientists designed the pancam ' s one - megapixel digital " film, " a charge - coupled device ( ccd ) similar to those used in consumer digital cameras. the same space - certified ccd is used on other rover cameras as well. the requirement of being able to make a sharp image at a distance also determined the pancam lenses ' focal lengths, about the same as a moderate telephoto lens on a consumer digital camera or a 110 - mm lens on a 35 - mm - film camera. | the pancam ccd housing assembly. here the pancam ccd itself is covered by a protective piece of orange kapton tape. " each image is just going to cover a very small part of the landing site, " bell says, " so it will take literally hundreds of images to make these beautiful mosaics. " onboard software will perform some image correction similar to what astronomers normally do with astronomical images. this software will also compress the image data using a method similar to those used for serving images on websites. finally, ground - based software will help researchers stitch hundreds of images into mosaics, for example an uninterrupted 360 - degree panorama. the rover ' s navigation cameras will do most of the range


those used for serving images on websites. finally, ground - based software will help researchers stitch hundreds of images into mosaics, for example an uninterrupted 360 - degree panorama. the rover ' s navigation cameras will do most of the range finding, telling the computer how far away objects are. but the pancam may also prove useful as a rangefinder in certain circumstances. " the niche for pancam is range finding at far distances, because we have much better resolution than the other cameras, " bell says. with its sharper resolution, the pancam can make sharper images of distant objects for the rover to investigate - or to avoid. | each " eye " of the pancam carries a filter wheel that gives pancam its multispectral imaging capabilities. the ccd used in the rovers cannot record color. to produce a true - color image, the pancam must take three photos, each with a different - color filter. pancam includes eight filters per lens ( all of the optics are protected by sapphire lens covers ), so in addition to true - color images it can make images at various wavelengths, including those slightly beyond the range of human vision in both the ultraviolet and the infrared parts of the spectrum. " we ' re looking to use the color information to help determine the composition, especially of iron - bearing minerals that have very small changes in their colors in the infrared wavelengths beyond where the human eye is sensitive, " bell says. iron is important to mars geologists because it provides clues to the history of the rocks and soils, perhaps implicating watery environments that could have harbored life. each lens also includes a special filter allowing the pancam to image the sun directly. to color calibrate the cameras, rover designers included a calibration target with three gray regions of varying darkness, color patches that reflect blue, green, red and near infrared, and a central post that will cast a shadow, allowing the scientists to determine the color cast created by sky light, as opposed to sunlight. the calibration target can also act as a sundial for k - 12 education purposes. in addition to showing individual rocks and distant dunes, the pancam ' s photo mosaics will reveal how wind or surface water may have shaped the martian landscape. the pancam images will be the best - ever pictures of the mars landscape, bell says. the pancam " is about three times higher resolution than the mars pathfinder and the viking landers ' highest - resolution mode. these are very close to 20


smoking is unhealthy for everyone, but especially for someone with asthma. if a person smokes, their lungs may not work as well as they should. the person might cough, wheeze, and have shortness of breath. smoking causes the airways to become swollen, narrow, and filled with sticky mucus - the same problems that cause breathing trouble in people with asthma. for this reason, if a person with asthma smokes, they ' re more likely to have more frequent and severe flare - ups. being a smoker is an obvious risk, but just being around people who smoke - and breathing in secondhand smoke - can cause problems, too. parents can help kids and teens with asthma by protecting them from the effects of tobacco smoke. the dangers of secondhand smoke secondhand smoke is a well - known asthma trigger. if you smoke, consider quitting, especially if your child has asthma. secondhand smoke can damage the lungs, leading to long - term breathing problems or worsening existing breathing problems. kids with asthma who live in households with smokers : - may have flare - ups more often - are more likely to have to go the emergency department with severe asthma flare - ups - are more likely to miss school because of their asthma - must take more asthma medicine - have asthma that ' s harder to control, even with medication even children who don ' t have asthma are at risk of problems if their parents smoke. these kids are more likely to get upper respiratory infections and develop lung conditions, including asthma. just being exposed to smoke from 10 cigarettes per day may put children at risk of developing asthma, even if they ' ve never had any breathing problems before. and here ' s the best reason of all to quit smoking : children whose parents smoke are more likely to smoke themselves when they get older. you don ' t have to quit on your own. talk to your doctor about possible strategies - from support groups to medication. if you do continue smoking, don ' t smoke in the house or car. exposure to smoke outside the home even if no one in your household smokes, your child will still encounter secondhand smoke. try to help him or her avoid it as much as possible. if your child has asthma, let friends, relatives, and caregivers know that tobacco smoke may cause an asthma flare - up. some other ways you can prevent your child from having to breathe in smoke include : - don ' t allow guests to smoke in your house or car. - avoid smoky restaurants and parties. choosing


know that tobacco smoke may cause an asthma flare - up. some other ways you can prevent your child from having to breathe in smoke include : - don ' t allow guests to smoke in your house or car. - avoid smoky restaurants and parties. choosing the nonsmoking section is not adequate protection. - ask friends and relatives not to smoke around your child. - choose caregivers who don ' t smoke or, if they do, ask them not to smoke around your child. - encourage family members who smoke to quit. sending an antismoking message no one wants their child to start smoking, but it ' s especially important to discourage this behavior in children who have asthma. if your child has asthma, smoking may actually undo the effect of any controller medication he or she is taking. your child may also need to use rescue medications more often, visit the doctor or the emergency department more often, and miss school more often because of flare - ups. a child with asthma who smokes may sleep less at night and be less able to participate in sports or other physical activities. and of course, there are the long - term health consequences, such as heart disease, emphysema, and cancer. you might even want to give your child tips on how to say no if offered a cigarette. you can lay the groundwork for that moment by taking these steps : - teach your child the facts about smoking and the short - and long - term damage it can do. - talk about how expensive cigarettes and other tobacco products are. - discuss how smoking gives people bad breath, smelly clothes, and yellow teeth. - tell your child he or she isn ' t allowed to smoke. still, despite the obvious risks, your child may not respond to an antismoking message. though the long - term consequences are clear, preteens and teens often feel invincible. instead, let your child know about the immediate consequences : smoking will cause more asthma flare - ups and make his or her asthma more difficult to control. when asthma isn ' t controlled, it gets in the way of what kids want to do, such as playing sports or going out with friends.


guest author - connie krochmal pollination is critical for most cacti and succulents. a good crop of seeds are needed to ensure the survival of the species. under most circumstances, cross - pollination is preferred by most plants in order to sustain a strong healthy plant population. so, self pollination is usually an exception. this does occur in a few cacti and succulents. in the case of frailea, this cactus takes the route of self pollination. once considered to be an echinocactus, this is native to south america. these are rather small cacti with small blooms located on the top of the plant. these are unusual in that they can be pollinated without the flowers ever opening. depending on the species, frailea flowers are often yellow. they open when the weather is sunny. rather than wait for cross - pollination, the blooms often donit open at all. the reason is that inside the blooms are the seeds, which were already produced through self - fertilization. as an aid to pollination, some species of cacti and succulents have developed close relationships with their pollinators. these often rely on a few partner species to carry our pollination. for example, the plants can co - evolve with their animal helper. this is true for yuccas. if the nocturnal yucca moths arenit present, yuccas are unable to produce seeds. in the case of the joshua tree, scientists say that the plants in different areas of the mohave desert develop flowers for a specific species of yucca moth. there are two species of the moths within the areas. the plant is co - evolving by adjusting the length of the flower canal so this can receive the pollen from the appropriate species of yucca moth. this is a mutual relationship for the female yucca moth needs the pollen for her larvae. the yucca moth collects the pollen, and shapes it into a ball. then, she carries this pollen to a blossom of another yucca plant where she lays an egg. she places the pollen in with the egg so the developing larvae will have a supply of food. some cacti rely on wild bees that are called cactus bees. as solitary insects, these donit live in colonies like honeybees. the cactus bee is able to transfer just enough pollen to achieve pollination, which is less likely to occur with other pollinators in the area. the cactus bee is responsible for pollinating the barrel


guest author - dianne rosena jones the 60 ’ s brought forth the civil rights era and the 70 ’ s ushered in the black power movement. writings about slavery & jim crow gave way to published works of poetry, novels about black love, black hardship, black life, and the introduction of urban fiction. black authors were intellectual, proud, daring, defiant, and bold. james baldwin was a prominent writer in the 60 ’ s. although, his most notable work “ go tell it on the mountain ” was published in 1953, controversy swirled his writings in the 60 ’ s. many of his writings dealt with the complexities and challenges of being a homosexual. baldwin moved to paris to avoid the discrimination of being black and gay, but he continued to write and publish novels and essays in america. his lengthy essay called “ the fire next time ” was published in two issues of the new york times and he was featured on the cover of “ time ” magazine in 1963. james also wrote a book - length essay in the late 60 ’ s that dealt with the assassinations of three of his personal friends : medgar evers, malcolm x, and martin luther king, jr. toni morrison helped promote black literature and authors working as an editor for random house in the 1960s and 70s. morrison herself would later emerge as one of the most important african american writers of the 20th century. her first novel, “ the bluest eye ” was published in 1970. several black - owned publishing houses and publications sprang up including : third world press, broadside press, and energy black south press. 1970 ’ s saw african american books topping the bestseller lists. among the first books to do so was “ roots ” by alex haley. haley also wrote the autobiography of malcolm x in 1965. very few people know that there was another author during this period who sold nearly 2 million copies of his debut autobiography in 1973. that writer was iceberg slim aka robert beck. iceberg slim was a reformed pimp and father of urban fiction. “ pimp : the story of my life ” was published in 1969 by holloway house. it sold very well, mainly among black audiences. it was eventually translated into german, french, italian, spanish, dutch, swedish, and greek. the book was largely ignored by white america. beck wrote seven more novels. his urban fiction sold over six million books prior to his death in 1992, making him one of the best - selling african - american writers ( after alex haley ). influenced deeply by the writings of iceberg slim, donald


beck wrote seven more novels. his urban fiction sold over six million books prior to his death in 1992, making him one of the best - selling african - american writers ( after alex haley ). influenced deeply by the writings of iceberg slim, donald goines introduced us to “ dopefiend ” in 1971. despite being addicted to heroin at various times in his life, he wrote 16 books in five years. just like iceberg slim, he began his writing career while serving time in prison. some of goines ' novels have become films like “ never die alone ”, starring dmx. donald and his common - law wife were shot to death. it was rumored that they were murdered by neighborhood criminals who objected to characters and storylines donald wrote about. the criminals feared the books would give police clues to their identities. by the end of the 70 ’ s african american writers had reached a level of success in publishing previously unheard of, but the best was still yet to come. dianne rosena jones is the founder / ceo of royal treasures publishing, a transformational life coach, motivational speaker, and author of the award - winning “ tragic treasures : discovering spoils of war in the midst of tragedy ” the " best inspirational book of the year ".


( plasma - cell myeloma ) en espanol ( spanish version ) more indepth information on this condition definition | causes | risk factors | symptoms | diagnosis | treatment | prevention multiple myeloma is a rare cancer of the bone marrow. it results from the abnormal growth of plasma cells in the bone marrow. plasma cells normally produce antibodies. as these abnormal or malignant plasma cells multiply, they produce large quantities of abnormal antibodies. these abnormal antibodies collect in the blood and urine. as the plasma cell tumor grows, it also destroys the bone around it. these events lead to bone pain, kidney damage, and a weak immune system. cancer occurs when cells in the body ( in this case plasma cells ) divide without control or order. normally, cells divide in a regulated manner. if cells keep dividing uncontrollably, a mass of tissue forms, called a growth or tumor. the term cancer refers to malignant tumors, which can invade nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body. a benign tumor does not invade or spread. bone marrow in adult risk factors that increase your chance of getting multiple myeloma include : - age : 50 or older - race : black symptoms of early stage multiple myeloma include : - persistent bone pain, often severe. it is most common in the back but also in the limbs or ribs. when the disease progresses, symptoms may include : - broken bones - repeat infections - nausea and vomiting - difficulty urinating - abnormal bleeding - visual problems the doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. a physical exam will be done. your doctor may need pictures of your bones. this can be done with : - magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) - computed tomography scan ( ct scan ) - positron emission tomography / computed tomography scan ( pet / ct scan ) your doctor may order tests of your body fluids and tissues. this can be done with : - blood tests - urine tests - bone marrow aspiration or biopsy after cancer is found, staging tests are done to find out if the cancer has spread. treatment is sometimes able to slow the progress of multiple myeloma. complete remission is rare. treatment is also important to control symptoms. treatment depends on your symptoms and the stage of your cancer. options include : chemotherapy is the use of drugs to kill cancer cells. chemotherapy may be given in many forms including : pill, injection, and via a catheter. the drugs enter the bloodstream and travel through the body. the drugs kill mostly cancer


include : chemotherapy is the use of drugs to kill cancer cells. chemotherapy may be given in many forms including : pill, injection, and via a catheter. the drugs enter the bloodstream and travel through the body. the drugs kill mostly cancer cells. some healthy cells may be killed in the process. chemotherapy drugs are used in combination and may also be given with other types of medicines, like immunomodulating agents. immunomodulating agents work by changing the way the myeloma cells live. this makes it difficult for them to survive, reproduce, and produce proteins that cause symptoms. these medicines are often paired with a corticosteroid. corticosteroids may be combined with other medicines or given alone. corticosteroids can also help to treat the symptoms of chemotherapy, like nausea and vomiting. a proteasome inhibitor is also available to treat multiple myeloma. proteasomes are a type of protein complex that breaks down proteins. it inhibits proteasomes, which causes more proteins to be in the cells. because of these extra proteins, the cells eventually do not grow anymore. biologic therapies repair, encourage, or raise the body ’ s response to cancer by affecting the immune system. interferon is one biologic agent used to treat multiple myeloma. interferon may be used with chemotherapy to help prolong remission, slowing the speed at which myeloma cells grow. radiation therapy is the use of radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. external beam radiation therapy may be given to relieve bone pain. it is not considered a cure. surgery is done to remove a tumor that causes pain or other disabling symptoms when radiation therapy is not considered a good option. surgery is not a cure. peripheral stem cell transplant involves giving immature, healthy blood cells to replace bone marrow cells that are damaged by cancer. american cancer society multiple myeloma research foundation canadian cancer society casciato d., territo m., manual of clinical oncology, sixth edition, 2009, lippincott williams & wilkins. treating multiple myeloma : bisphosphonates for multiple myeloma. available at : http : / / www. cancer. org / cancer / multiplemyeloma / detailedguide / multiple - myeloma - treating - bisphosphonates. updated july 24, 2012. accessed december 27, 2012. treating multiple myeloma : chemotherapy and other drugs for multiple myeloma. available at


##eloma / detailedguide / multiple - myeloma - treating - bisphosphonates. updated july 24, 2012. accessed december 27, 2012. treating multiple myeloma : chemotherapy and other drugs for multiple myeloma. available at : http : / / www. cancer. org / cancer / multiplemyeloma / detailedguide / multiple - myeloma - treating - chemotherapy. updated july 24, 2012. accessed december 27, 2012. treating multiple myeloma : plasmapheresis for multiple myeloma. available at : http : / / www. cancer. org / cancer / multiplemyeloma / detailedguide / multiple - myeloma - treating - plasmapheresis. updated july 24, 2012. accessed december 27, 2012. treating multiple myeloma : radiation therapy for multiple myeloma. available at : http : / / www. cancer. org / cancer / multiplemyeloma / detailedguide / multiple - myeloma - treating - radiation. updated july 24, 2012. accessed december 27, 2012. treating multiple myeloma : stem cell transplant. available at : http : / / www. cancer. org / cancer / multiplemyeloma / detailedguide / multiple - myeloma - treating - stem - cell - transplant. updated july 24, 2012. accessed december 27, 2012. multiple myeloma. ebsco dynamed website. available at : http : / / www. ebscohost. com / dynamed / what. php. updated september 13, 2012. accessed december 27, 2012. rajkumar, sv, hayman, sr, lacy, mq, et al. combination therapy with lenalidomide plus dexamethasone ( rev / dex ) for newly diagnosed myeloma. blood. 2005 ; 106 : 4050. last reviewed november 2012 by mohei abouzied, md please be aware that this information is provided to supplement the care provided by your physician. it is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. call your healthcare provider immediately if you think you may have a medical emergency. always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.


climate change : what can botanic gardens do to help? it ' s very hot in the office and we are wondering whether it ' s a sign that climate change is here to stay - it does seem to be a trend. if we accept that it is happening and that temperatures could rise several degrees over the next few decades, then what are we going to do about it? what are the likely problems, and how can botanic gardens help solve them for the well - being of people and the planet? let us know your thoughts - we will publish them ( anonymously if you like ) in the next issue of cultivate. climate change responses we asked cultivate readers what they think about climate change and how botanic gardens can be - and are - involved in assessing and mitigating it ' s impacts. we have had a lot of very interesting responses some of which are published here. join bgci in protecting plants for the planet bgci is a membership organisation. we have more than 700 members, institutional and individual, in 118 countries. you too can join us in our global efforts to ensure plants are protected from the many threats facing them today and get some great benefits. challenges in botanical research and climate change the 2nd world botanic gardens scientific congresswill be held in delft, the netherlands, on 29 june - 4 july 2008. the main themes are conservation and climate change, bionics, new systematics and future issues. registration for those wishing to contribute a paper is 15 december download the gran canaria declaration on climate change as a pdf in issuing its ‘ gran canaria declaration on climate change and plant conservation ’ the gran canaria group, whose membership is drawn from major biodiversity conservation organisations around the world, calls on the international community to take urgent action to protect global plant diversity.


thirty - five water conservation methods for agriculture, farming, and gardening. part 1. please note that this is the first of a special four - part series here at big picture agriculture. one post will go up each of the next four days which will list and describe methods for producing “ more with less ” water use in farming. a leading concern facing the future of agricultural production is the availability of water. it is expected that climate change will cause more extreme climate events including droughts and floods and shifts in plant growing zones. as populations grow, more efficient use of water in growing food will be of key importance. today, some 2. 8 billion people live in water - scarce areas, but by 2030, it is expected that about half of the world ’ s population will live in water stressed areas. past overuse of fossil water from aquifers will make it necessary to improve the efficiency of irrigation and rainfed agriculture methods to grow tomorrow ’ s food. the increasing competition for water in urban areas and for energy uses will lessen what is now available for agriculture, estimated to be 70 to 80 percent of global fresh water use. as other interests gain a share of the fresh water supply, the production of food will need to increase at the same time that the water used to grow it decreases. agriculture is done using both rainfed and irrigation farming. about 80 percent of globally cultivated land is done with rainfed farming, accounting for 60 percent of world food production. using smart methods to enhance efficient and creative water use in rainfed agriculture has the potential to increase production. the majority of the world ’ s poor and hungry live on rainfed farms in south asia and sub - saharan africa, so techniques which can improve water use in these regions are very valuable. while irrigation levels have declined since the 1970s for various reasons, irrigation has the potential to expand in the future in parts of africa. productivity of irrigated land is more than three times that of unirrigated land. around 40 percent of the world ’ s food is produced on the 20 percent of land which is irrigated. the monetary value of the yield of irrigated crops is more than six times that of unirrigated crops because crops with higher market values tend to be grown on irrigated land. many of the methods known to conserve water and use it efficiently have been practiced for thousands of years in some very arid regions of the world with great success. the best systems require little maintenance while yielding maximum results. the ability to add water during crucial growth


the scientists, who are affiliated with the university of washington ( seattle, wa ), case western reserve university ( cleveland, oh ), the university of bari ( bari, italy ), washington university ( st. louis, mo ), washington state university ( pullman, wa ), and duke university ( durham, nc ), report their findings online today in the journal genome research. dr. evan e. eichler, associate professor of genome sciences at the university of washington, heads the team. " primate genomic sequence comparisons are becoming useful for elucidating the evolutionary history and organization of our own genome, " he explains. " such studies are particularly informative within human pericentromeric regions? areas of rapid change in genomic structure. " pericentromeric regions are sequences of dna that lie in close proximity to the centromere, which plays a critical role in chromosomal separation during cell division. pericentromeric regions contain an abundance of segmental duplications, which are large dna sequences that exhibit strong similarity to the euchromatic ancestral loci from which they were copied. according to eichler, the limited number of comparisons of pericentromeric regions among closely related primates suggests extraordinary dynamism, where duplication, deletion, and rearrangement of large segments of dna occur at an unprecedented scale. eichler ' s group performed a comprehensive structural an source : cold spring harbor laboratory


adam smith biography adam smith was an economist and philosopher who wrote what is considered the " bible of capitalism, " the wealth of nations, in which he details the first system of political economy. while his exact date of birth isn ’ t known, adam smith ’ s baptism was recorded on june 5, 1723, in kirkcaldy, scotland. he attended the burgh school, where he studied latin, mathematics, history and writing. smith entered the university of glasgow when he was 14 and in 1740 went to oxford. in 1748, adam smith began giving a series of public lectures at the university of edinburgh. through these lectures, in 1750 he met and became lifelong friends with scottish philosopher and economist david hume. this relationship led to smith ' s appointment to the glasgow university faculty in 1751. in 1759 smith published the theory of moral sentiments, a book whose main contention is that human morality depends on sympathy between the individual and other members of society. on the heels of the book, he became the tutor of the future duke of buccleuch ( 1763 – 1766 ) and traveled with him to france, where smith met with other eminent thinkers of his day, such as benjamin franklin and french economist turgot. the wealth of nations after toiling for nine years, in 1776 smith published an inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations ( usually shortened to the wealth of nations ), which is thought of as the first work dedicated to the study of political economy. economics of the time were dominated by the idea that a country ’ s wealth was best measured by its store of gold and silver. smith proposed that a nation ’ s wealth should be judged not by this metric but by the total of its production and commerce — today known as gross national product ( gdp ). he also explored theories of the division of labor, an idea dating back to plato, through which specialization would lead to a qualitative increase in productivity. smith ’ s ideas are a reflection on economics in light of the beginning of the industrial revolution, and he states that free - market economies ( i. e., capitalist ones ) are the most productive and beneficial to their societies. he goes on to argue for an economic system based on individual self - interest led by an “ invisible hand, ” which would achieve the greatest good for all. in time, the wealth of nations won smith a far - reaching reputation, and the work, considered a foundational work of classical economics, is one of the most influential books ever written. in 1787, smith was named rector of


technology transfer is a complex technical process that does not often receive the resources or considerations that it needs to ensure success of complex manufacturing processes. ideally, technology transfer should be managed by a dedicated division or specialist group, which is one of the benefits gained by outsourcing manufacturing projects to an established contract manufacturing organization ( cmo ). a dedicated team knows that technology transfer programs are not always straightforward, quick, or easy to perform and that there will always be challenges to overcome and problems to resolve to achieve success. their experience will also have taught them that clients often have very little idea as to what the transfer process involves, which means that the development of a trusting relationship between the client and the cmo is essential. at many stages during biopharmaceutical product development, it will be necessary to transfer processes from one place to another. whether this is internally between teams within a company ( for example, from the process development team to the scale - up or manufacturing team ) or externally, from one company to another, the key objective is to execute the transfer with minimal disruption or unnecessary cost. this can be an overwhelming proposition for small - to medium - sized start up companies ( usually with an academic or research background ). these companies will prefer to transfer early - stage processes to a cmo for the first time — for scale - up and manufacture of phase ½ clinical trial materials — and have limited experience of scale - up or the regulations and expectations surrounding a current good manufacturing practices ( cgmp ) process. poor planning, unclear documentation, and bad communication all can lead to an inefficient transfer program, and more often than not will lead to the receiving team having to develop parts of the process that have already been established. any inefficiency in the technology transfer program will inevitably result in delays in production, with the related theoretical loss in revenue and additional increases in the cost of the transfer. it is therefore essential to put serious time and resources into the planning stage of a technology transfer program. ( jens bonnke / getty images ) a stitch in time there are no fool - proof strategies that can guarantee a smooth technology transfer, but certain factors have a large influence on success : meticulous planning, technical understanding of the manufacturing processes, and good communication. a strong emphasis need be placed on a risk - based approach. this involves the identification of risks, both technical and scientific, and logistical, at an early stage, to develop avoidance or mitigation strategies far enough in advance to help keep the transfer program on course


need be placed on a risk - based approach. this involves the identification of risks, both technical and scientific, and logistical, at an early stage, to develop avoidance or mitigation strategies far enough in advance to help keep the transfer program on course. this kind of strategy relies on a highly knowledgeable team of people who have the necessary experience to be able to anticipate the issues that may arise, and excellent communication between the sending and receiving units. for a cmo, one of the biggest challenges in technology transfer can be dealing with client expectations. for first - timers, the idea of technology transfer can seem quite simple and straightforward : " we ' ve developed this process at our facility — how hard can it be to do the same thing in a new place? " the truth is that even transferring the simplest process will be a complex progression of planning, testing, and optimizing, especially considering that most biotech products being transferred to a cmo will be moving into clinical trials with the intention to eventually manufacture commercially. this should mean that processes are, at this stage, being looked at critically to assess suitability for scale - up and regulatory compliance. clear communication and the development of a good relationship between both parties is clearly of benefit to all from the very start of the project.


over the past 40 years, americans have expressed a dynamic and accelerated interest in outdoor recreation. our expanding urban populations, increased mobility and leisure time, and higher standard of living have created a demand for more and better recreation facilities. by the same token, urban expansion and a growing population have increased the need for more public services, such as schools, community buildings, hospitals, and sanitary landfills, just to name a few. recognizing the strong public need for a nationwide system of parks and other recreational and public purposes areas, the congress, in 1954, enacted the recreation and public purposes act ( 68 statute 173 ; 43 united states code 869 et. seq. ) as a complete revision of the recreation act of 1926 ( 44 stat. 741 ). this law is administered by the bureau of land management ( blm ). the act authorizes the sale or lease of public lands for recreational or public purposes to state and local governments and to qualified nonprofit organizations. examples of typical uses under the act are historic monument sites, campgrounds, schools, fire houses, law enforcement facilities, municipal facilities, landfills, hospitals, parks, and fairgrounds. a pamphlet designed to guide prospective applicants in obtaining lands and benefits under the act is available from blm state offices. department of the interior regulations for the recreation and public purposes act are found in title 43 of the code of federal regulations ( 43 cfr ), parts 2740 ( sales ) and 2912 ( leases ).


phase diagram of esa complexes at 100 mm nacl salt concentration as a function of pentanol and dodecane content relative to the surfactant weight [ wt % ]. the natural phenomenon of self - assembly — how molecules or other entities gather to become ordered objects or arrays — occurs in many areas of science, from nanomaterials to biology. resulting from basic, well understood forces, such as electrostatics, self - assembly may allow scientists to manipulate materials at at tiny scales, ultimately yielding great advances in fields such as data storage, pharmaceuticals, and catalysis. in efforts to better understand self - assembly, many researchers are studying self - assembling systems in solution that consist of an electrolyte ( any molecule that dissociates into ions in solution ) attached to, or “ in complex with, ” a surfactant, a substance that lowers the surface tension between two liquids ( or between a liquid and a solid ). these liquid systems, called polyelectrolyte - surfactant complexes ( pscs ), are good platforms for scientists to study how polymers and small molecules bind and also how they behave in solution. looking ahead, scientists are targeting pscs as a route toward creating functional materials with specific jobs, such as nanostructures for drug delivery. but investigating psc behavior can be difficult because the complexes self - assemble into phases of many different structures, including cubic assemblies of various - sizes, hexagonal assemblies of cylinders, and stacks. scientists want to find a method that will allow them to “ dial in " a preferred phase. in a significant step toward this ability, researchers working at nsls recently mapped out the full phase diagrams of a new, enhanced type of psc, determining all the possible phases given different solution concentrations. the group, which consists of researchers from stony brook university, nsls, and the university of massachusetts amherst, call their system an electrostatically self - assembled amphiphilic complex, or esa. “ my lab is interested in creating ordered nanoporous materials for applications in filters, catalysis and fuel - cell membranes, ” said the study ’ s corresponding scientist, helmut strey from stony brook university. “ this published work is the first step towards this goal by employing self - assembly to create porous materials with tunable pore size. ” in psc systems, the different phases are dictated mainly by spherical clusters of surfactant molecules, called micelles, which form when the surfactant is in solution.


- assembly to create porous materials with tunable pore size. ” in psc systems, the different phases are dictated mainly by spherical clusters of surfactant molecules, called micelles, which form when the surfactant is in solution. the phases are governed by the micelles ’ size and curvature, and how “ bendy " they are, and thus these are the characteristics the researchers need to control. at nsls, the group discovered that adding a cosurfactant called pentanol to the mix allows the surfactant micelles to loosen up. by then incorporating large amounts of an oily liquid called dodecane, the researchers caused each phase ' s unit cell ( the building block of the structure ) to nearly double in size. this degree of manipulation is a big step forward in the drive to understand self - assembly and use it to create new materials and technologies. said strey, “ the advantage of self assembly is that to make a material you just have to throw all the ingredients together and the material forms by itself. in the future, we will develop techniques to solidify our structures to create usable nanoporous materials. ” the scientists used x - rays to study the system in its various concentrations, employing an advanced technique that allows them to study many samples at once. this high throughput is achieved using a well plate scanner, a sample analysis system that combines a well plate — a tool that can hold many samples at once via with an array of small wells — with a motorized stage that can hold up to three well plates at a time and pass them through the x - ray beam. using this method scientists can study up to 1, 000 samples per day. “ this development is exciting because of the possibilities beyond this research, ” said co - author elaine dimasi, nsls physicist and group leader for the soft matter interface beamline at the future national synchrotron light source ii. “ as beams become smaller and data acquisition becomes faster, potentially every dataset becomes an ' image, ' whether we map out a sample in real space, in ' chemical composition ' space, like this work, or in processing space, such as by changing temperature or applying mechanical stress. “ once we can render such data in automatic ways, we have a way to ' light up ' regions of interest even in very large parameter spaces, and quickly hone in on the properties of interest to our applications. ” at nsls - ii, the third - generation light source that will succeed nsls, the


the design of bodc ' s databases have developed over the years to support the evolving nature of data collected by the science of oceanography. - oracle relational database management system ( rdbms ) - national oceanographic database ( nodb ) - project database - web database 1. oracle relational database management system ( rdbms ) our databases adhere to the relational model of database design and have been implemented using the oracle relational database management system ( rdbms ). the databases contain tables which are used to store information. tables consist of columns and rows. sometimes a column is called a field and a row is called a record. each row should be unique and can be identified using a primary key. a primary key is made up of one or more fields. tables can have relationships or links with other tables. a value ( e. g. a parameter code ) stored in one table can have more information stored about it in another table. this approach helps to minimise duplication of information. figure 1 illustrates the relationship between a plankton net data table ( netdata ) and a parameter table ( parameter ). the field para _ code in netdata links to code in parameter. parameter contains more information about the parameter that was measured the relationship between parameter and netdata is one - to - many. each row in parameter corresponds to one type of parameter. the rows in netdata can store the same parameter code many times. 2. national oceanographic database ( nodb ) the nodb stores metadata ( data about data ) in a relational database in the form of a data series. metadata includes the data originator, position and collection start / end dates and times. the actual data measurements are stored outside the database in binary data files. these data are available by online delivery via our nodb data series facility. the concept of a data series is fundamental to the design of the nodb. each series consists of a number of data cycles. each data cycle usually contains one value for each parameter sampled. examples include - a year of tide gauge data measuring sea level at a given location every 15 minutes. - a ctd profile measuring temperature and salinity every 2 m from the sea surface to the sea floor at a particular place and time. each data series has one row in the master nodb table. the table links to other nodb tables containing metadata about parameters, restrictions, documents and storage. the origins of the nodb go back to the 1970s. it was developed by meirion jones and trevor sankey using a


the master nodb table. the table links to other nodb tables containing metadata about parameters, restrictions, documents and storage. the origins of the nodb go back to the 1970s. it was developed by meirion jones and trevor sankey using a conference on data systems languages ( codasyl ) system. its aim was to improve the availability of oceanographic data for science and industry, and to protect it for future use. a function the nodb still performs today. 3. project database the project database is used to manage data for large multi - disciplinary research projects. both the data measurements and the metadata are stored in the oracle rdbms. its evolution started in 1988, when bodc took on data management for the north sea project. advances in analytical technology used by oceanographers had dramatically increased the number of parameters that could be measured. the nodb was not designed to support such large numbers. metadata collected for the nodb was paper based and was not adequate for the hundreds of water bottle samples taken during the north sea project. bodc decided to develop a new database structure. this was made possible by the replacement of the codasysl system ( running on a honeywell mainframe computer ) by the oracle rdbms ( running on an ibm mainframe ). the oracle rdbms enabled efficient collation, population and interrogation of both data and metadata. the project database is organised around three main groups of tables i. sampling metadata tables consist of sampling and event description tables. these link to the fieldwork description table and to the sampling instrument or gear code table. ii. data tables consist of a series of data storage tables for each main type of sampling or data collection technique. iii. parameter dictionary tables define the eight byte parameter codes used to label the measurements in the data tables. the data table structure has been adapted and modified for each main type of data collection technique. this enables storage of specific metadata information, such as bottle depth and type for water collection events, and plankton net depth range, mesh size and mouth area for plankton net hauls. all data tables have the same field structure consisting of a - primary key - parameter code - data value - quality control flag - originator code - loading date this structure enables easy expansion to include new sampling instruments, methodologies and parameters. figure 2 illustrates the flow of data into the project database. the project database has not replaced the nodb. both are used in parallel. 4. web database currently, we are developing the web database to meet the specific needs


three famous short novels ( ebook ) “ you cannot swim for new horizons until you have courage to lose sight of the shore. ” — william faulkner these short works offer three different approaches to faulkner, each representative of his work as a whole. spotted horses is a hilarious account of a horse auction, and pits the “ cold practicality ” of women against the boyish folly of men. old man is something of an adventure story. when a flood ravages the countryside of the lower mississippi, a convict finds himself adrift with a pregnant woman. and the bear, perhaps his best known shorter work, is the story of a boy ’ s coming to terms wit the adult world. by learning how to hunt, the boy is taught the real meaning of pride, humility, and courage. from the trade paperback edition. about the author william cuthbert faulkner was born in 1897 and raised in oxford, mississippi, where he spent most of his life. one of the towering figures of american literature, he is the author of the sound and the fury, absalom, absalom!, and as i lay dying, among many other remarkable books. faulkner was awarded the nobel prize in 1950 and france ’ s legion of honor in 1951. he died in 1962. praise for three famous short novels … “ no man ever put more of his heart and soul into the written word than did william faulkner. if you want to know all you can about that heart and soul, the fiction where he put it is still right there. ” — eudora welty “ faulkner ’ s greatness resided primarily in his power to transpose the american scene as it exists in the southern states, filter it through his sensibilities and finally define it with words. ” — richard wright


| name : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ | | period : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ | this test consists of 5 multiple choice, 5 short answer, and 0 short essay questions. multiple choice questions directions : circle the correct answer. 1. what happened before when lena went to the police for boesman beating her? a ) they tried to hang boesman. b ) they didn ' t care. c ) they arrested boesman. d ) they took her away. 2. which character in the play is black? 3. fill in the blank : " that ' s not a pondok, boesman. it ' s a _ _ _ _ _. " 4. what does lena say boesman will have between his toes at veelplas? 5. what did the white man do to lena and boesman ' s village? a ) looted it. b ) raided it. c ) bulldozed it. d ) flooded it. this section contains 835 words | ( approx. 3 pages at 300 words per page )


either on its own or in conjunction with other factors, alcohol is estimated to be responsible for at least 33, 000 deaths in the uk each year. in great britain, just under a third of men ( 31 % ) and one in five women ( 20 % ) drink more than the advised weekly limits of 21 and 14 units a week respectively. some 8 % of men and 2 % of women drink more than the levels regarded as harmful, namely 50 and 35 units a week respectively. more than one in 25 adults are dependent on alcohol, and the uk has one of the highest rates of binge drinking in europe an estimated 17 million working days are lost each year due to people missing work due to the effects of alcohol. around 6 % of road casualties and 17 % of all deaths on the road occur when someone has been drinking over the legal limit. in young adults, binge drinking is also associated with a range of risky behaviours, including a higher risk of contracting a sexually transmitted illness. the harmful effects of drinking are almost entirely related to the alcohol content of what you drink, not the type of drink. in other words, beers are no safer than spirits. what matters is how much you drink. the alcohol content of drinks is measured in ‘ units ’. each unit is equivalent to around 10mls or 8g of pure alcohol ( ethanol ). the number of units in any drink is related to the strength of the alcohol content ( the concentration ) and to the volume of the drink. for example, a single ( 35ml ) shot of spirits contains roughly the same amount of alcohol as a small ( 125ml ) glass of wine. this is about the same amount of alcohol ( 1. 4 units ) as is contained in a half pint of normal strength beer.


using brain gym® in schools ( an introductory workshop ) this one day course is designed to introduce teachers and other educational professionals to the practical use of brain gym during normal teaching practice. the skills learnt can be used in the classroom or in one - to - one teaching. it will be presented in your own establishment as a full - day workshop for inset or other training days. the number of participants will ideally be less than 30 but larger numbers can be catered for. brain gym is a series of quick, fun and energising activities which have been in wide use for more than 35 years. all the activities encourage optimal brain / body learning, and are therefore beneficial to everyone. however, they were specifically designed to help people with learning “ blocks ” as they can have a profound and positive effect on learning. the massive increase in ability which follows seemingly simple activities is both very exciting and rewarding. they work equally well for those people with multiple, complex blocks such as dyslexia or dyspraxia, or with simple blocks such as the self - talk - " i ' m no good at maths! " participants will learn how to use brain gym activities with pupils of all abilities and will also learn which exercises are most beneficial for particular learning ” blocks ”, including dyslexia. incorporating brain gym, as taught on this course, with normal teaching, will save everyone time and effort. pupils will learn faster and more effectively with better co - operation and behaviour – they will also be a lot happier about it. topics covered on the workshop will include : - optimal brain functioning, getting both sides to work together. - the pace ladder, to “ tune up ” a whole class. - how to fit it all into your teaching and save time! activities are included to improve : - attention and concentration. - eye tracking and focus for reading and writing. - listening and word finding skills. - comprehension in reading. - organisation of self and school work. - communication – written, verbal, and social. - staying / becoming calm and accessing positivity.


hst101 - the west and the world i email address email @ example. com, campus extension 2183 this course guide is designed to help you get acquainted with writing a research paper and getting acclimated with using a combination of sources as well as differentiating types of sources used within susan mort ' s " the west and the world i ", hst 101. if you need assistance using any of the sources or need help finding additional information please contact a reference librarian either by stopping by the lrc, calling 508 - 678 - 2811 x2108, or using our online reference form. topics : either one approved by the instructor or from the list passed out in class. guidelines : minimum 5 page paper ( not including cover page! ), double spaced, 12 font. a 7 page paper is preferred. you will need at least : - 1 primary source ( appropriate websites may be used ) - 1 - 2 books - 1 - 2 journal articles you will need to have at least 3 sources all formatted in mla style! please do not use wikipedia or your text book. paper will result in a grade letter of “ f ” if none of these guidelines are followed. please refer to the calendar on elearning for due date. plagiarism will not be tolerated. for guidelines on plagiarism visit owl. the bristol community college online catalog contains over 300 titles on the subject “ ancient ”. to narrow your results try searching by your topic. for example : “ socrates ” or ” mummies and egypt " to limit your results. questions on searching? contact reference at 508 - 678 - 2811 x 2108 or by using our online reference form. databases are accessible from off campus to patrons who have a valid accessbcc card unless otherwise specified. these databases contain citations and articles from sources such as magazines, peer reviewed journals, newspapers, and government resources. you can access of all these databases from any computer with internet access. search hints : use the terms “ and ” “ or ” and “ not ’ to limit your search. for example : “ ancient ” and “ warfare ” or “ philosophers ” and “ ancient ” ; depending upon your topic you will need to decide which databases to choose. “ this multidisciplinary database provides full text for nearly 1, 950 general reference publications with full text information dating as far back as 1975. ” academic search premier “ academic search premier provides full text for nearly 4, 000 scholarly publications, including full text for nearly 3, 100