happy 200th birthday, charles dickens, author of " oliver twist, " " great expectations, " " a christmas carol, " " the old curiosity shop, " and much more. portrait of dickens as a young man. the beinecke rare book and manuscript has both well - known and unique images of dickens at various times in his life. dickens ’ contemporaries would have recognized this and the following portrait. photographs of dickens near the end of his life. ( beinecke library ) portrait of dickens as a parliamentary reporter, painting by daniel maclise, this and the next portrait — the only copies of which are at the beinecke library — were created by friends of dickens and illustrators of his books, and were less iconic likenesses. ( beinecke library, gimbel collection ) sketch portrait of dickens by john leech, dickens, ca. 1855 to1860. ( beinecke, gimbel collection ) wood engraving by john leech, “ scrooge is shown ignorance and want by the spirit of christmas present, ” from “ a christmas carol. ” ( beinecke library ) john everett millais, “ l ’ enfant du regiment ” ( 1854 - 55 ). dickens is credited with creating the victorian cult of the child through such popular characters as little nell, the heroine of “ the old curiosity shop. ” this picture, inspired by an opera, illustrates dickens ’ influence in its sentimental portrayal of an injured child. ( yale center for british art ) dickens, “ reflections on the death of nell ” ( manuscript ). ( beinecke library ) engraving after john leech, frontispiece and title page of “ a christmas carol. ” vivid visual descriptions are a hallmark of dickens ' fiction. vincent van gogh wrote in a letter of 1883, “ there is no writer, in my opinion, who is so much a painter and a black - and - white artist as dickens. ” ( beinecke library ) engraving after john leech, “ last of the spirit ” ( with facing page ), “ a christmas carol. ” ( beinecke library ) augustus egg, “ the life of the duke of buckingham. ” dickens ’ friend augustus egg adopted a dickensian way of telling a story when he depicted the infamous restoration rake, the duke of buckingham. ( yale center for british art ) serial cover, “ the mystery of edwin drood. ” dickens invited artist luke fildes, to illustrate dickens ' last, unfinished novel, " the mystery of edwin drood


rake, the duke of buckingham. ( yale center for british art ) serial cover, “ the mystery of edwin drood. ” dickens invited artist luke fildes, to illustrate dickens ' last, unfinished novel, " the mystery of edwin drood. " yale owns both sketches and numerous copies of their printed versions. ( beinecke library ) drawing by luke fildes. this image of the london opium den called “ in the court, ” an illustration in " the mystery of edwin drood, " inspired one of the most famous engravings in gustave dore and blanchard jerrold ' s “ london : a pilgrimage. ” ( beinecke library ) also among the beinecke library ' s holdings are many of the contents of this bas relief of his study, including...... his writing slope,...... a desk calendar,...... a quill pen,...... his pipe,...... and his chair. the artist luke fildes visited dickens ' kent home, gad ’ s hill, shortly after the writer died in 1870. while there fildes created the first of many depictions of dickens ’ study, titled " the empty chair. "


you ’ ve heard of fighting fire with fire, but fighting cancer with cancer? a mayo clinic study has found that a mutant gene long thought to accelerate tumor growth in thyroid cancer patients actually inhibits the spread of malignant cells, showing promise for novel cancer therapies. the findings will be presented by mayo clinic researcher honey reddi, ph. d., at the endocrine society meeting in boston. dr. reddi ’ s discovery could have widespread implications in cancer research and endocrinology. it could help oncologists sharpen the diagnosis of specific types of thyroid cancers, while leading pharmaceutical researchers toward therapeutics derived from a protein once thought to feed tumor growth. “ it ’ s not an oncogene like everyone thought it was, ” dr. reddi says, referring to a gene with the potential to cause cancer. “ we all knew what happened in the cell culture, but we said, ‘ that ’ s not good enough, ’ so we asked, ‘ what would it do in mice? ’ ” thyroid cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the world, and 15 to 20 percent of all thyroid cancer cases are follicular, a type that is more aggressive. dr. reddi ’ s findings could aid this diagnosis and treatment for thousands of patients. distinguishing benign from malignant follicular thyroid cancer poses a unique challenge to oncologists. an accurate diagnosis of malignant follicular cancer cannot be made until after cancerous material is removed. that has led to countless unnecessary surgeries in patients with benign thyroid tumors. patients who now present with non - papillary cancerous growths on thyroid cells must undergo surgery to remove the tumor — even if the cancer is benign. dr. reddi ’ s research found that the pax8 / pparγ fusion protein, developed from a mutated fusion gene found in many follicular thyroid carcinomas, functions as a tumor suppressor by upregulating ( encourages natural production of ) microrna - 122 and pten, both naturally occurring anti - tumor agents. based on her discussions with clinicians at mayo clinic, dr. reddi says, “ there are many complications from thyroid surgery, and having early detection markers could save thousands of unnecessary surgeries every year. we ’ re just getting started and look towards a rapid translation from bench to bedside. ” others on the study team include bryan mciver, m. b., ch. b., ph. d. ; norman eberhardt, ph


how to beat winter depression london, nov 9 ( ani ) : winter is almost here. while for some it ' s their favourite part of the year - for many others, shorter days and the reduction in natural daylight, is marked by the onset of dreaded winter blues. seasonal affective disorder ( sad ) affects millions of people all over the world every single year. it is caused when the brain does not receive enough daylight, which is essential to trigger production of serotonin, a hormone important for regulating mood. however, now scientists have come up with a new way of tackling seasonal affective disorder ( sad ), that they say cures it in just eight minutes a day. the technique involves beaming light directly into the brain through the ears. it is based on the discovery that the brain itself is just as sensitive to daylight as the eyes, with ' photoreceptive ' parts using it to help set our biological clocks. at least 18 brain regions contain light - sensitive opsin proteins, which are also found in eyes, discovered scientists at oulu university in finland, a country with high rates of sad. they have been working with a company called valkee to come up with an ipod - like device for delivering a daily dose of artificial sunshine through a pair of tiny torches hidden in earbud headphones. a clinical trial in 89 volunteers with sad found 74 to 79 per cent were totally cured of depressive symptoms, when they used the device for between eight and 12 minutes a day. most benefited from having their session about an hour after waking up, he said, leading to boosted levels of the ' day hormone ' serotonin, and reduced levels of the ' night hormone ' melatonin, involved with sleep. the results are being presented at the international forum for mood and anxiety disorders in budapest. ( ani ) read more : finland | dhikala nc park ( seasonal ) | badrinath seasonal | bampa seasonal | malari seasonal | sattal edso ( seasonal ) | gorakhpur university | agra university | ayurvedic university | bundelkhand university so | mds university ajmer dtso | gujarat university | international airport | a. c. company | madras university po | world university centre | pondicherry university | annamalai university | lond | k. r. high school | bnmu university madhepura ranbir kapoor stays away from social - networking sites may 25, 2013 at 9 : 37 am congress brass to implement measures to strengthen party may 24, 2013


paris in the 1890s was the centre of the modern world. in 1889 the city had staged the exposition universelle, a world ’ s fair organised to commemorate the centenary of the french revolution and to boost the national economy and culture — to mark the event, engineer gustave eiffel built his 300 - metre tower. early work, the nabis a number of still lifes, portraits, domestic interiors and street scenes from the 1890s reveal bonnard ’ s early talent as a painter who translated his observations of the life around him into highly subjective compositions. eager to capture striking phenomena for his art, his eyes were continuously moving, literally hunting for new images, transposing into his work the vibrant, irregular rhythm and cultural momentum of paris. bonnard, who had begun to study law in 1887, also attended art classes at the academie julian in paris. with a number of other young art students, he was co - founder of a group called the nabis ( from the hebrew word for prophets ), who sought to foster a new aesthetic — a poetic transposition of form and colour. they particularly admired paul gauguin ’ s expressive use of colour. the nabis included paul serusier, ker - xavier roussel, edouard vuillard, maurice denis, aristide maillol and felix vallotton. the cosmopolitan spirit and new lifestyle of the city is reflected in work produced at the time by bonnard and his nabi friends. they introduced decorative pictorial motifs borrowed from contemporary design ; they responded to the bold flat colours of the currently popular japanese woodblock prints ; they were inclined to move between subjects, ranging from images of their fast - moving urban surroundings to quieter scenes of leisure at home or in country retreats. for them, art embraced all areas of human life, including the cultural pursuits of an urban society — literature, theatre, music, dance, photography, applied art, interior design and fashion design. in 1854 japan ’ s two centuries of isolation from the rest of the world came to an end, and the west discovered a completely new aesthetic with the influx of japanese art and traditional objects. in 1890 in paris, at the ecole des beaux - arts, an exhibition of the history of japanese woodblock prints featured more than 700 prints from private collections in paris. the exhibition inspired in bonnard what would be a life - long interest — he came to be known by his friends as le nabi tres japonard ( the very japanese nabi ). much later bonnard recalled the impact of the exhibition


. the exhibition inspired in bonnard what would be a life - long interest — he came to be known by his friends as le nabi tres japonard ( the very japanese nabi ). much later bonnard recalled the impact of the exhibition : i realized that colour could express everything, as it did in this exhibition, with no need for relief or texture. i understood that it was possible to translate light, shapes and character by colour alone, without the need for values. the inspiration of japanese woodblock prints is apparent in the flat, bold colours and the delineation of forms in bonnard ’ s early work, with his cropping of forms a lasting characteristic. from 1893 onwards the linear style of bonnard ’ s early nabi paintings gradually gave way to a more painterly visual approach. his figures are no longer brought to life with an undulating line ; instead their contours have become diffused and sketchy, merging into their surroundings. the broken and fragmented silhouette has become a vehicle for bonnard to express in a very different way the corporeality and movement of his figures. this manner of painting is particularly evident in bonnard ’ s images of children — a favourite subject since becoming uncle to the children of his sister andree and her husband, the composer claude terrasse. drawings and paintings vividly capture movement and sometimes humorous body language. bonnard ’ s approach here owes much to the japanese master ando ( utagawa ) hiroshige, who explored in his prints the ever - changing poses of people going about their daily lives. | introduction | gallery | literature | chronology | glossary | education kit | the pierre bonnard works on this page are reproduced with the permission of | adagp, paris and viscopy ltd, sydney 2003.


the robin ’ s - egg blue kitchen looks out on the brown grass of the empty plains. the gas stove lurches away from the wall, and, in the wild yard, the white bones of a deer bleach in the sun. plaster fragments litter the floors of the rooms, and down in the cellar a galvanized wringer washer stands watch by the long - dead coal furnace. in the upstairs bedroom, a window sash has slipped and become a trapezoid framing the abandoned orchard to the west. two old cars rust nearby, caressed by the moan of the wind. the stone footing of a vanished barn stares east at wheat and grass. ghost towns stud north dakota, and this empty house is just one bone in a giant skeleton of abandoned human desire. this is the place where american assumptions about the land proved to be wrong. the homesteaders believed rain followed the plow. in the grasslands of western kansas, nebraska, and the dakotas, they learned better. and so for almost a century we ’ ve watched stranded towns and houses fall one by one like autumn leaves in the chill of october. in most of the united states, abandoned buildings are a sign of change and shifting economic opportunities. on the high plains, they always mean that something in the earth and the sky mutinied against the settlers. successive human waves have been bested on the high plains of north dakota. indians on horseback lived a dream of motion and buffalo for more than a century before the u. s. military and hide hunters destroyed their world. for several decades in the early 19th century, trading posts thrived off fur - bearing animals until both the beasts and the traders were also gone. for three years in the 1880s, a cattle kingdom rushed into the cemetery of the bison until blizzards and drought snapped everyone back to reality.


relationship to the land " we grew what we ate " rex gorleigh, planting, 1943 african americans have a history of strong agricultural roots. " their ancestors claimed, cleared, and worked the land in the beginning, turning a vast and inhospitable swamp into astonishing fertile land. " their strong connection to the land provided over time a deep respect placed on food within african american culture. prior to enslavement, african americans subsisted upon the land for thousands of years, and continued to uphold the tradition within the confides of slavery. following the emancipation proclamation, slaves dispersed in many directions, but their lives still revolved around the land. some chose to stay where they were while others ventured their hand at sharecropping if they could find available land. african americans used the land for self sufficiency, and it served as the primary resource for their lives. in the south, the need for basic nutrition kept african americans close to the land. but this relationship grew much closer through the process of cultivation. through cultivating the land, african americans felt their food through all the senses, and respected its humble origins back in west africa. this agricultural lifestyle, cultivating foods such as corn, greens, okra and melons, unconsciously reinforced a traditional heritage, and centered life around the cultivation and preparation of food. george ackerman, durham county, north carolina, september 1933 collard greens also signify another example of a food that has familial heritage. traditionally prepared in in the basic " one pot " style, cooks boiled collard greens with a bit of ham hock or salt pork. but collard greens also have traditional value and wealth of folklore associated with them. served with black - eyed peas and hog jowl on on new year ' s day, they promise a year of good luck. and leaving a leaf hanging over your door will ward off ward off evil spirits. they also promise to cure a head - ache if a fresh leaf is placed on the forehead. thelonius monk, the famed jazz musician, wore a collard leaf in his lapel when he played the new york city clubs. these two dishes exemplify the african americans relationship between food, tradition, culture, and ultimately the land. walker evans, faulkner ' s mississippi, 1948 | african americans in the delta invested their time and energy into the land and gardens. they planted, harvested, cooked, baked, canned and preserved. it was a cycle of utilization and renewal through which they gave and took


faulkner ' s mississippi, 1948 | african americans in the delta invested their time and energy into the land and gardens. they planted, harvested, cooked, baked, canned and preserved. it was a cycle of utilization and renewal through which they gave and took from the earth, taking pride and satisfaction in their work. it is no surprise that food plays a central unifying role within african american families. this rich agricultural history has given deep significance to the food itself, its preparation, and the mealtime. for rural african americans the dinner table is a time to appreciate what you have before you. | the loss of land in the north those who chose to migrate north from the mississippi delta to chicago abandoned their agricultural roots. in the crowded and bustling city, migrants found little time or space for farming. african - americans in chicago did not grow their own food, and as a result, certain aspects of their diets significantly changed. this transformation did not affect food preparation or the cultural elements within their foods, for this remains an intrinsic element of african - american culture. a study undertaken in 1929, examined the dietary habits of fifty african - american families in cooperation with the welfare society of chicago. there were two hundred and eleven individuals studied within the fifty families, ranging in economic status. the study gave good insight into the differences in african - american diets after they migrated north to chicago, as 89 % of the group had migrated from the south. of the 89 %. the data of the study was collected from the mother ' s of each family, who were asked to give in detail each item and size proportion of food served to all family members during a period of twenty four hours. the collected information revealed that staple foods the families had eaten were fairly simple and similar to foods found in the delta during the same time period. but it was clear from this study that there were a few specific foods that did change in african - american ' s diets following their migration to chicago. the major difference was the consumption of fruits and vegetables, which do not even appear in the top 10 list. top 10 list : # of times appeared 1. meats................................ 86 ( 54 % salt pork ) 2. white bread..................... 50 5. white potatoes.............


86 ( 54 % salt pork ) 2. white bread..................... 50 5. white potatoes................. 32 10. bacon............................. 17 in the mississippi delta, where vegetables were plentiful in rural homes, the decrease in both vegetable and fruit consumption proved most outstanding. collard greens, a traditional southern favorite appeared only once, while macaroni and cheese appeared five times. this was not to say that african americans eliminated vegetables from their diets, but due to accessibility certain foods were not readily available. tomatoes, onions, and carrots appeared 6, 7, and 8 times, but were more traditional vegetables than collard greens. salt pork remained a strong similarity between the southern and northern diets. of the fifty families, meat appeared 86 times, and salt pork constituted 54 % of the meat served signifying continuity between the north and the south. peaches, apricots, string beans and collard greens traditionally grown on the family farm seemed eliminated. as a result of this seemingly slight change in diet, the study revealed that only 17 % of the 211 individuals studied had adequate food according to national health standards. in the south side, african americans did not have space to grow food. lena vaessar of greenville, mississippi, migrated to chicago in 1941, stated that there " wasn ' t usually space for the old gardens. " when questioned about the difference in food between the delta and chicago, vaessar noticed that her " there was much more garlic in the country, " and with large grocery stores available she no longer lived on basic staple foods from the country store. she noted that her essential foods in the south were cornmeal, lard, baking soda, rice, canned goods, canned salmon, and salt pork, which she got once a month. although vaessar and many other migrants did not tend gardens in chicago, they continued to eat much as they had in the delta. many migrants continued their interest in the art of cooking by " keeping up " with the chicago daily defender which published " the culinary department. " this section provided many african american women with recipes and suggestions for the home, proving the continual importance of food in family life after the transition to northern life.


finding affordable ways to make technology available to everyone is a common challenge. now, a researcher at nasa ' s goddard space flight center, greenbelt, md. has done that with the process that creates " nanotubes. " a nanotube is a tiny, hollow, long, thin and strong tube with an outside diameter of a nanometer that is formed from atoms such as carbon. nanotubes are really important in technology, because when they are made a certain way, a nanotube can conduct ( allow movement of ) electricity as well as copper does. when they are made a slightly different way, nanotubes are electrical semiconductors, which mean they can be switched between insulating from electricity to conducting electricity. semiconductors make it possible to miniaturize electronic components. nanotubes can be either semiconductors or conductors depending on how they are made. nanotubes are also stronger than steel, so long filaments can be used to create super - tough lightweight materials. to understand how strong a nanotube is, think of a hair holding up a barbell. although the carbon nanotubes were discovered 15 years ago, their use has been limited due to the complex, dangerous, and expensive methods for their production. however, goddard researchers drs. jeannette benavides and henning leidecker developed a simpler, safer, and much less costly process to make these carbon nanotubes. the key was that they figured out how to produce bundles of these nanotubes without using metal, which reduced the costs tremendously and made a better quality product. earlier this year, nasa goddard licensed its patented technique for manufacturing these high - quality " single - walled carbon nanotubes " to idaho space materials ( ism ) in boise, idaho. now the carbon nanotubes based on this creation process are being used by researchers and companies that are working on things that will impact almost every facet of life, such as new materials with ceramics and polymers. polymers are tiny molecules strung in long repeating chains, like dna in our bodies. polymers are also in proteins and starches in foods we eat, or in plastics, for example. " ism believes that carbon nanotubes will be a building block for a better world, making people ' s lives better through a wide range of uses, including medical advances, fuel cells, video displays, solar cells, and a host of other applications, " explained ism vice president roger smith. " i ' m very excited to see that this agreement is


last night ’ s pan am episode revolved around a real historical event, jfk ’ s 1963 trip to west berlin. on this trip, jfk made one of his most famous speeches, the “ ich bin ein berliner, ” speech, which doubled as the title of the episode. in this address, kennedy identified with west germany ’ s struggle against communism by declaring that he was a berliner ( although in german he actually said he was a jelly doughnut ). in order to prevent the continued exodus of educated people to the west, the soviet union and east germany had erected the berlin wall, which split the city in two, in 1961. the wall quickly became the main symbol of the cold war and the division of europe. the show accurately depicts the tremendous excitement inspired by jfk ’ s visit. a review of the speech reveals how much it expressed kennedy ’ s cold war liberalism. while we remember jfk as a liberal icon, he was a hawk who campaigned in 1960 on a platform of being tougher on the soviet union. in the “ ich bin ein berliner ” speech, kennedy declared : there are many people in the world who really don ' t understand, or say they don ' t, what is the great issue between the free world and the communist world. let them come to berlin. there are some who say that communism is the wave of the future. let them come to berlin. and there are some who say in europe and elsewhere we can work with the communists. let them come to berlin. and there are even a few who say that it is true that communism is an evil system, but it permits us to make economic progress. lass ' sic nach berlin kommen. let them come to berlinthe wall would remain the most visible symbol of the cold war throughout the 1960s, 70s, and 80s. its fall in 1989 provided the clearest sign of the end of the u. s. / soviet conflict. west and east germany would reunify shortly thereafter. there were a number of other interesting historical notes in the episode. some of the reporters covering the speech made oblique references to jfk ’ s affairs, which were not known to the general public at the time. in this time before feminism fostered a greater stigma toward adultery and vietnam and watergate brought about a more aggressive media, the press did not examine the private lives of politicians. in fact, the episode probably exaggerates the press ’ knowledge of these affairs. the trip revives the wartime memories of colette, a


with the increasing popularity of the modern environmental and survival movements, as well as continually increasing food prices, urban gardening has seen a related rise in interest. about half of the world ’ s human inhabitants now live in cities, and people are starting to realize just how screwed they would be if their supply lines for food were ever to be severed. having a garden offers an alternative should the s ever really hit the f. why build a garden? besides being a lifeline to food in a disaster, there are a ton of other benefits to having your own garden in the city. a good garden should save you money in the long run, as you ’ ll have to pay less for food. the food is fresher ( no more 3 week old salads that have traveled half way across the world! ), and safer ( no more country - wide e coli scares! ) than regular store - bought food. a mass movement of city dwellers creating their own gardens would lead to a less polluted world, both because plants naturally take carbon dioxide and pollutants out of the air, and because growing your own food means less needs to be shipped across large distances. a garden will make your home look nicer, as well as give you an enjoyable hobby that helps you reconnect with the earth. it ’ s a win all around. the basics - what you ’ ll need for a successful garden gardening is relatively simple in terms of what is needed. your 4 most important inputs are : sunlight, air, water and a nutrient - rich soil. you ’ ll need an outdoor space that receives sunlight, although how much sunlight you ’ ll need depends on what you plan to grow. some areas will have direct sunlight for most of the day, while other areas may have only a few hours of filtered sunlight per day. different crops would be appropriate for each area. next, you ’ ll need an area with decent air circulation, for your plants to breath. remember that plants inhale carbon dioxide and exhale oxygen, offering a beneficial symbiotic relationship with humans. you ’ ll also need a water supply, but this can be flexible - if a crop needs more water than naturally falls in the form of rain, you can supplement it through watering. last, you ’ ll need a healthy, balanced soil. soil in the city may be high in lead or other toxins, so you may need to test it first. even if your soil is decent, you ’ ll need to supplement it through compost, manure or fertilizer


balanced soil. soil in the city may be high in lead or other toxins, so you may need to test it first. even if your soil is decent, you ’ ll need to supplement it through compost, manure or fertilizer, to supply it with nutrients that it is naturally lacking, or to replace nutrients that have been used up by the plants you are growing. a good fertilizer will supply nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium in a good ratio. you ’ ll also want to supplement calcium and magnesium ( a dolomitic limestone supplement will supply these both ). having a home compost is a good way to cheaply supply most of your fertilizer needs. for more information, read these articles on improving soil quality and compost 101. after getting a garden up and running, you will need to consistently maintain it. you will need to remove weeds regularly, and water and prune as needed. so let ’ s add dedication and persistence to the list. if you have a backyard, this should usually be your first choice in where to have your garden. it actually has soil (! ), and will likely receive more direct sunlight than other areas. it ’ s definitely the low hanging fruit ( confusing pun always intended ) of places to support a garden. here are some lists to help you in choosing which plants to grow in which areas. these guidelines will apply to backyard gardens as well as balcony and rooftop gardens. 1 ) plants that are easy for beginners to grow : carrots, strawberries, zucchini, garlic, rosemary, various peppers, beets, herbs ( parsley, basil, oregano, chives, dill, etc ) 2 ) plants that will grow in shade ( 4 hrs or less of direct sunlight, some filtered ) : salad greens ( leaf lettuce, arugula, etc ), leafy greens ( spinach, kale, etc ), broccoli, cauliflower, beans, beets, brussels sprouts, peas, radishes in contrast, fruiting plants will need lots of direct sunlight. 3 ) hot weather crops : tomatoes, peppers ( hot, sweet ), squash, egg plants potted gardens ( for balconies and rooftops ) if you don ’ t have a backyard available, you can still build a potted plant garden. this is the option for balconies and simple rooftop gardens. the same principles above apply in regards to sunlight, air, water and a nutrient rich soil


you don ’ t have a backyard available, you can still build a potted plant garden. this is the option for balconies and simple rooftop gardens. the same principles above apply in regards to sunlight, air, water and a nutrient rich soil. the difference here is that instead of your plants being planted in the ground, they are planted in soil contained in pots. this gives you the option of moving your plants throughout the day / year and these kinds of gardens are the easiest to make and maintain, but make sure your pots have enough room for the roots to expand. some other questions to consider : what plants thrive in your climate? the ones that do will be easier to grow, the ones that don ’ t will be more trouble and require more maintenance to succeed. do you want to attract ( or avoid ) birds, butterflies or bees? do you receive a lot of snow ( which may crack your pottery ) or rain ( which may drown your plants )? and, most importantly, what kind of fruits or vegetables would you actually like to eat? one of the biggest issues with urban gardens is space. in cities people are often crammed together with minimal personal space, so maximizing your yield with the space you do have is essential. here are 3 ways to do that : 1 ) grow up! : no, i ’ m not saying you need to become more mature. i ’ m saying if space is an issue, then do what city planners do - grow upwards. create multi - level gardens. a shelf with smaller plants on the bottom and larger ones on top can double your yield while taking the same amount of ground space. garden shelves are available for sale, but milk crates and wooden planks works just fine as well. 2 ) start growing indoors and cycle your plants : with some plants, it is recommended to start the plants indoors for the first few weeks. we can use this to our advantage - if there ’ s a 5 week indoor period, plant the seeds 5 weeks before spring arrives and it ’ s warm enough to grow outside. 5 weeks before they ’ re fully ripe and ready for picking, start a second round indoors. this will allow us to fully maximize our yield during the growing season. 3 ) grow bags : if you have a balcony or roof garden, consider grow bags. grow bags are bags filled with soil that you can hang over the edge and grow plants in. they are good for leafy lettuces, strawberries, and various kinds of herbs and flowers. complex rooftop gardens ( green roof


consider grow bags. grow bags are bags filled with soil that you can hang over the edge and grow plants in. they are good for leafy lettuces, strawberries, and various kinds of herbs and flowers. complex rooftop gardens ( green roof systems ) if you have full access to a roof, and are willing to make a long term commitment to your garden, you may want to consider a green roof system. these are roofs designed for gardens, with built in systems for growing plants, irrigation, drainage, etc. various permaculture methods are used to make the system as closed as possible. there are a couple secondary benefits to having a rooftop garden that i haven ’ t talked about yet. the first is the urban heat island effect. rooftops in the city tend to be dark and made of asphalt. during the summer months, they absorb sunlight and heat. having a rooftop garden can reduce the temperature of a building by 5 - 10 f, which will save energy and reduce the amount of money you spend on air conditioning. this increase in heat caused by dark roofs also has a negative effect on ground level smog, so a city with rooftop gardens will be cooler and less polluted, all things being equal. the second benefit is that a rooftop garden is an extra layer between your roof and the elements. this reduces the wear and tear your roof faces, and will allow it to last for 50 % longer or more. the best ( and cheapest ) time to install a green roof system is when a roof is being installed or replaced. if this isn ’ t an option and you ’ re using an existing roof, you ’ ll need to inspect it for leaks or damage, and assess how much weight it could hold. in most cities you ’ ll need to have it inspected by a structural engineer before you can get a permit for a rooftop garden. green roof systems come in two forms : extensive and intensive. extensive systems have a shallow grow area, are lighter and require less maintenance. intensive systems are more complex with a deeper growing area, and have the potential for more complex plant systems that may require irrigation or pruning. things to consider when designing a green roof system : some of the things you must look at when planning your rooftop garden : 1 ) assessing your roof : what ’ s its condition? is there any damage to it? how much weight can it support ( including things like snow and excess water load )? do you have full access to the roof? 2 ) assessing your future garden : how much would it


what ’ s its condition? is there any damage to it? how much weight can it support ( including things like snow and excess water load )? do you have full access to the roof? 2 ) assessing your future garden : how much would it weight? remember to include all plants, containers, water storage equipment, heating / cooling / ventilation equipment, etc. is this in alignment with your roof assessment? how much will it cost? is this within your budget? 3 ) permits : determine what you need to do to attain all the necessary permits for building a green roof system. 4 ) design : a green roof system will typically need an insulation layer above the roof, then a water proof layer, than a root - proof layer. this is usually followed by a drainage layer, then finally a growing layer ( covered by a wind blanket in the early days ). how will all these parts fit together? how will maintenance be possible? 5 ) irrigation : will you plants need extra water? if so, what it the best way to deliver it? will you need an irrigation system? 6 ) drainage : while a rooftop garden will absorb a lot of water, it will still be necessary to have form of drainage system. stagnant water can add a lot of extra weight to your rooftop and may be harmful to your plants. this can usually be connected to the rooftop ’ s existing drainage system with minimal effort. remember that wind speeds double every 10 stories or so. this can lead to a loss in moisture and top soil, so you need to plan for this. good luck and stay prepared!


“ this surprising and artful book... entertains and enriches our understanding of a terrible time. ” richard breitman, author of the architect of genocide the nazi, the painter and the forgotten story of the ss road g. h. bennett published by reaktion books & distributed by the university of chicago press publication date : june 1, 2012 | isbn : 978 - 1 - 86189 - 909 - 5 | | 240 pages ; 27 halftones | | cloth • $ 29. 00 | in 2006 a canister of film was discovered in a church in the southwestern corner of the united kingdom. its origin was a mystery, but its contents were tantalizing — the grainy black and white footage showed members of the german ss and police, led by an unidentified fat man, building a road in the ukraine and crimea in 1943. the bbc caused a sensation when it aired the footage, but the film gave few clues to the protagonists or their task. in the nazi, the painter, and the forgotten story of the ss road, world war ii historian g. h. bennett pieces together the story of the film and its principal characters, unearthing an overlooked chapter of the holocaust : a wartime german road - building project that served the dual purpose of exterminating jewish and other lives while laying the infrastructure for a nazi haven in the ukraine. he tells the story of the road and its builders through the experiences of arnold daghani, a romanian artist who was one of the few jewish laborers to survive the project. daghani describes the brutal treatment he and his fellow laborers endured, and his postwar efforts to bring the perpetrators to justice. bennett also identifies the fat man as walter gieseke and explains how this obscure police lieutenant - commander ended up running the ss task force and became a participant in the nazi ’ s final solution. recalling an important but lost episode in our history, the nazi, the painter, and the forgotten story of the ss road is a moving and at times horrifying chronicle of suffering, deprivation, and survival. g. h. bennett is assistant professor of history at the university of plymouth, united kingdom, and a trustee of the britannia royal naval college museum. he is the author of ten books, including hitler ’ s ghost ship and the raf ’ s french foreign legion. please contact laura avey for more information : firstname. lastname @ example. org


the computer ( or more accurately the compiler ) doesn ' t really care at all what number base you use in your source code. most commonly used programming languages support bases 8 ( octal ), 10 ( decimal ) and 16 ( hexadecimal ) directly. some also sport direct support for base 2 ( binary ) numbers. specialized languages may support other number bases as well. ( by " directly support ", i mean that they allow entry of numerals in that base without resorting to mathematical tricks such as bitshifting, multiplication, division etc. in the source code itself. for example, c directly supports base - 16 with its 0x number prefix and the regular hexadecimal digit set of 0123456789abcdef. now, such tricks may be useful to make the number easier to understand in context, but as long as you can express the same number without them, doing so - or not - is only a convenience. ) in the end, however, that is inconsequential. let ' s say you have a statement like this following : int n = 10 ; the intent is to create an integer variable and initialize it with the decimal number 10. what does the computer see? i n t n = 1 0 ; 69 6e 74 20 6e 20 3d 20 31 30 3b ( ascii, hex ) the compiler will tokenize this, and realize that you are declaring a variable of type int with the name n, and assign it some initial value. but what is that value? to the computer, and ignoring byte ordering and alignment issues, the input for the variable ' s initial value is 0x31 0x30. does this mean that the initial value is 0x3130 ( 12592 in base 10 )? of course not. the language parser must keep reading the file in the character encoding used, so it reads 0 followed by a statement terminator. since in this language base 10 is assumed, this reads ( backwards ) as " 0 ones, 1 tens, end ". that is, a value of 10 decimal. if we specified a value in hexadecimal, and our language uses 0x to specify that the following value is in hexadecimal, then we get the following : i n t n = 0 x 1 0 ; 69 6e 74 20 6e 20 3d 20 30 78 31 30 3b ( ascii, hex ) the compiler sees 0x (


##decimal, then we get the following : i n t n = 0 x 1 0 ; 69 6e 74 20 6e 20 3d 20 30 78 31 30 3b ( ascii, hex ) the compiler sees 0x ( 0x30 0x78 ) and recognizes that as the base - 16 prefix, so looks for a valid base - 16 number following it. up until the statement terminator, it reads 10. this translates to 0 " ones ", 1 " sixteens ", which works out to 16 in base 10. or 00010000 in base 2. or however else you like to represent it. in either case, and ignoring optimizations for simplicity ' s sake, the compiler allots enough storage to hold the value of an int type variable, and places there the value it read from the source code into some sort of temporary holding variable. it then ( likely much later ) writes the resulting binary values to the object code file. as you see, the way you write numerical values in the source code is completely inconsequential. it may have a very slight effect on compile times, but i would imagine that ( again, ignoring such optimizations such as disk caching by the operating system ) things like random turbulence around the rotating platters of the disk, disk access times, data bus collisions, etc., have a much greater effect. bottom line : don ' t worry about it. write numbers in a base that your programming language of choice supports and which makes sense for how the number will be used and / or read. you spent far more time reading this answer than you will ever recover in compilation times by being clever about which number base to use in source code. ; )


methods | statistics | clinical | educational | industrial | professional items | world psychology | training analysis ( sometimes called training needs analysis ( tna ) ) is the formal process of identifying the training gap and its related training need. training can be described as “ the acquisition of skills, concepts or attitudes that result in improved performance within the job environment ”. training analysis looks at each aspect of an operational domain so that the initial skills, concepts and attitudes of the human elements of a system can be effectively identified and appropriate training can be specified. training analysis as a process often covers : - training analysis is most often used as part of the system development process. due to the close tie between the design of the system and the training required, in most cases it runs alongside the development to capture the training requirements. design integrated training analysisedit k. tara smith proposed and developed tools and methods for an integrated approach design integrated training analysis, where the trade - offs between design and training are both assessed in the light of the understanding of the operational tasks. this approach also used information regarding recorded critical incidents to review proposed training and to provide traceability between hazards and training. this single integrated approach to human factors and training analysis has been successfully used on a number of defence projects. training analysis processedit over the last 20 years the critical nature of the man - in - the - loop has changed from simply manual dexterity and procedural operation to a state in which their decision making, cognitive abilities, data assimilation, communication skills, and attitude are all crucial. in addition the job structure of the personnel operationally involved with modern systems has diversified in direct proportion to the complexity of the technology. this has fuelled the need for a formal approach. the task of training can be broken down into a number of discrete components, each addressing a different part of the overall learning process. this breakdown is as follows : - - psycho - motor skills - procedural skills - knowledge transfer - communication skills - colossal thinking - attitude learning - performance training. the role of training analysis is to build a formal bridge between the available design data and the training media and training objectives, in order to facilitate the transfer of training elements into the operational environment. for complex multi - user system a user - to - task map is often constructed to present the relationship between the tasks and the identified team structure and also to identify new groups of users that would need to have an understanding of the system. the training gap is assessed by a comparison between the goals and tasks undertaken by the individuals and the existing training. there is a wide variety of


identified team structure and also to identify new groups of users that would need to have an understanding of the system. the training gap is assessed by a comparison between the goals and tasks undertaken by the individuals and the existing training. there is a wide variety of training media that can be used, ranging from traditional lecture - based teaching to sophisticated simulators. different media will be more or less appropriate for different activities. it is necessary to determine the most suitable and cost - effective training media for the different areas. there have been many different approaches defined, however, the system approach to training has been the most successful. training needs analysis ( tna ) is defined as the “ identification of training requirements and the most cost effective means of meeting those requirements ”. a tna should always be performed where a major new development in policy, equipment acquisition or procedures is deemed to have potential impact upon the current training regime. tst has considerable experience of successfully employing the accepted techniques applied to the development of training systems, including the systems approach to training ( sat ) in both the defence and civilian domains using customer specific standards such as jsp 822 where required. carrying out all tna activates in accordance with sat principles ensures rigorous visibility in each design stage with clear audit trails from the initial scoping study through to the recommended solution. see also edit - roi in training : the good, the bad, and... the real a focalworks article | this page uses creative commons licensed content from wikipedia ( view authors ). |


prog. theor. phys. vol. 82 no. 3 ( 1989 ) pp. 555 - 562 source abundance of cosmic rays randall laboratory of physics, university of michigan, ann arbor research institute for fundamental physics, kyoto university, kyoto 606 ( received march 4, 1989 ) the source abundance of primary cosmic rays is computed and compared with the solar abundance. then a model, proposed by one of the authors, which is based on quantum effects on gravity, is discussed and shown to yeild a prediction for the source abundance. the prediction of the model is compared with the calculated source abundance. doi : 10. 1143 / ptp. 82. 555 - john r. letaw, r. silberberg and c. h. tsao, ap. j. suppl. series 56 ( 1984 ), 369. - y. tomozawa, " cosmic rays, quantum effects on gravity, and gravitational collapse ", lectures given at the second workshop on fundamental physics, university of puerto rico, humacao, ed. e. esteban ( 1986 ), p. 144. - m. s. longair, high energy astrophysics ( cambridge university press, 1981 ), p. 312. - r. silberberg and c. h. tsao, ap. j. suppl. series no. 220 ( i ) 25 ( 1973 ), 315 ; no. 220 ( ii ) 25 ( 1973 ), 335. r. silberberg, c. h. tsao and j. r. letaw, ap. j. suppl. series 58 ( 1985 ), 873. - a. g. w. camerons, " elemental and nuclidic abundances in the solar system ", essays in nuclear astrophysics, ed. c. a. barkes, d. d. clayton and d. n. schramm ( 1982 ). - w. r. binns, r. k. fickle, t. l. garrard, m. h. israel, j. klarmann, e. c. stone and c. j. waddington, ap. j. 247 ( 1981 ), l115. - m. casse and p. gorel, ap. j. 221 ( 1978 ), 703 ( for z ≤28 ). n. r. brewster, p. s. frier and c. j. waddington, ap. j.


how do you judge how clean the air outside is? if you ’ re like many people, you check to see how clear the sky is, or what the “ visibility ” is like. while visibility can tell you something about the levels of certain types of pollutants in the air, it doesn ’ t provide a complete picture of air quality. certain types of pollutants like ozone and carbon monoxide have little effect on visibility ; very high concentrations of these gases can be present even on the clearest day. the u. s. environmental protection agency ( u. s. epa ) has created a better indicator of air quality, the air quality index, or aqi. the aqi is calculated based on the levels of five major pollutants in the air : ground - level ozone, particle pollution, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. monitors at more than a thousand locations across the country record the concentrations of these pollutants each day. these measurements are used to calculate aqi values for each of the individual pollutants as well as an overall aqi for the day. the air quality index runs from 0 to 500 : the larger the number, the greater the level of air pollution. to make it easier to use, the index is broken down into six general categories, each category corresponding to a different level of health concern. when the air quality index value is between 101 and 150, for example, air quality is considered to be “ unhealthy for sensitive groups ”, like people with heart or lung disease ; when the value rises to above 200, air quality is considered “ very unhealthy ” or “ hazardous ” for the entire population. to check the aqi in your area, visit airnow. ( photo courtesy of epa ) * groups that are unusually sensitive to air pollution include individuals with heart and lung disease, children and older adults. simply knowing what the air quality is like, doesn ’ t protect you against the harmful effects of air pollution. that ’ s why the u. s. epa developed a set of recommendations for each of the individual pollutants. the precautions coincide with the six air quality categories. for example, when the aqi for ozone rises above 150, children and older adults as well as people with lung disease are cautioned to reduce prolonged or heavy exertion outdoors ; when the aqi for sulfur dioxide rises above 200, children and people with heart or lung disease are encouraged to avoid outdoor exertion entirely. a complete set of recommendations can be


the nhl combine gives us fans, but more importantly, the nhl organizations an indicator of physiological development and physical fitness of a young hockey player. these young potential prospects take part in various testing over a fairly short time frame ( a week ). during this week they are not only psychologically tested but physically tested as well, which helps give us and scouting staff a better perspective whether or not these young men will be able to compete at an elite level, and helps pin - point how far away they may be from competing. the purpose of this post / thread is to help give a fan a better understanding of how to interpret the draft combine. your body uses three energy systems on continuum. it ’ s not a question of which system is being used but which one is predominate. anaerobic a - lactic or atp / pcr system requires no oxygen and is used for immediate, intense, short, bursts of energy such as a jump, sprint or olympic style lift. if you continue your intensity and it exceeds your atp / pcr system ( can last about 10 seconds ) then your anaerobic lactic system takes over. you can ’ t produce quite as much energy as the atp / pcr system, however you can still generate quite a bit of energy. this system lasts about 120 seconds. during this system you can experience muscle fatigue ( lactic acid ). a good example of the anaerobic lactic system would be a hockey shift. the aerobic system uses oxygen as its main fuel source and this is the one we use the most ; this is our endurance system. it doesn ’ t generate anywhere near the amount of energy the other systems do, but for anything that lasts two minutes or longer this system takes over. this is our “ base ” system, so to speak. a good example of this is walking around during the day or even a marathon. vo2 max ( ml / kg / min ) – score / test duration the vo2 max test is considered the gold standard when testing for maximal aerobic capacity. it tests how efficiently your body consumes and uses oxygen at a maximal rate. skinny : the higher the vo2 max score the greater the endurance. perspective : since the athlete is sitting on a bike they may score a little lower than they would if they weren ’ t on a bike ( this is because they are not using their entire body and thus less muscle mass is used as if they were running on a treadmill ). the highest vo2 max scores recorded are usually from world class cross


if they weren ’ t on a bike ( this is because they are not using their entire body and thus less muscle mass is used as if they were running on a treadmill ). the highest vo2 max scores recorded are usually from world class cross country skiiers ( who use their entire body ), clocking in at around 90 ml / kg / min. i would venture to guess that the average sedentary individual could probably score around 35 ml / kg / min, + / - 5 ml / kg / min. basically, you bike until your legs fall off and you literally have nothing left in the tank. peak & mean power output + fatigue index ( wingate ) the wingate test ( which is also done on a bike ) tests for peak anaerobic capacity and mean power output. it tests explosive power. skinny : tests for explosive power ( peak power ) and how long you can keep a high pace for ( mean power ). perspective : you sprint on a bike with resistance relative to bodyweight ( not your actual body weight but it correlates with your weight ) and then you see how long you can keep sprinting for the 30 seconds while the muscles in your legs burn from lactate acid. at first you get an explosive start but then it feels like your climbing a steep mountain on the highest gear of your bike. this test, along with the vo2 max test, is a good one to see who “ has the character to push them through ”. upper body ( strength ) hand grip ( lbs ) skinny : it is said that there is a strong correlation between handgrip and overall strength. skinny : an upper body strength test that primarily targets the chest ( pectoralis major ) and also targets muscles in the arms. a better indicator for relative / personal strength is when the athlete benches their body weight. push - pull strength ( lbs ) skinny : a maximal strength test for push and pull strength. not entirely sure about this one but i think it would be a good indicator for overall strength across the board comparing against everyone in the combine. push ups ( lbs ) skinny : an upper body muscle endurance test. this measures how long an athlete can maintain a constant stress on the upper body. seated medicine ball throw skinny : the athlete is adjusted so that the arms are isolated during the throw. this is an indicator of arm strength. lower body ( power ) vertical jump ( inches ) skinny : this is a good indicator of explosive power. vertical jump with the pause simply takes away some of the momentum of the


arms are isolated during the throw. this is an indicator of arm strength. lower body ( power ) vertical jump ( inches ) skinny : this is a good indicator of explosive power. vertical jump with the pause simply takes away some of the momentum of the jump. long jump ( inches ) skinny : another good test for explosive power. like matt nichol ( tsn fitness specialist ) stated, the long jump can also be an indicator of how well an athlete uses their body ( skating ). the more they can stabilize the jump landing with the lower body usually means they are a more agile skater. curl ups ( reps ) skinny : the curl up test is an indicator of core muscle endurance. anthropometrics ( measurements of body ) wing span ( inches ) height ( feet, inches ) yuhasz ( % body fat ) sum of skinfolds skinny : the anthropometrics section is fairly self - explanatory. there are different protocols for measuring body fat percentages, some tests only calculate body fat using only three or four different sites, however the yuhasz is fairly comprehensive using six different sites around the body. so what does this all mean? the draft combine can be an important tool for the draft because not only do nhl organizations have the opportunity to develop better psychological profiles ( character, personality etc. ) of potential draftees but physiological profiles as well. the article, “ relationship of physical fitness tests results and hockey playing potential in elite level ice hockey players ” has statistically proven that the body index ( which is a composite score of height, lean mass and muscular development ) had significance across all positions ( forwards, defense and goalies ). the most significant factors for drafting players by position is as follows, according to the article : all positions : body index, peak watts skating players ( no goalies ) : peak watts, body index, fatigue index, long jump forwards : body index, peak watts defense : peak watts, fatigue, body index why no vo2 max? the article states, “ the absence of aerobic power as a predicator variable suggests that among elite, draft age hockey players, there is littler variation in vo2 max within a given playing position. ” this article was assessing the importance of certain physical tests by position, vo2 max is still an important test however there is not one position ( forward, defense, and goalie ) that stands out for this test, it is more the idea that it is equally important for every position. a higher vo2 max can


5 written questions 5 matching questions - ad hominem / tu quoque - biased sample - slippery slope - red herring - weak analogy - a if two things that are being compared aren ' t really alike in th relevant respects, the analogy is a weak one, and the argument that relies on it is a weak analogy. - b focus attention on people rather than on arguments or evidence. the conclusion is usually, " you shouldn ' t believe so and so. " becaus they are a bad person ( ad hominem ) or a hypocrite ( tu quoque. ) - c partway through an argument, the arguer goes off on a tangent to distract the audience. they often return. - d when a person draws a conclusion about a population based on a sample that is biased or prejudiced. 1 ) sample s, which is biased, is taken from population p. 2 ) conclusion c is drawn about population p based on s. known variously as inductive generalization, generalization, and statistical generalization. - e a chain reaction will take place, but there ' s really not enough evidence for that assumption. the arguer asserts that if we take even one step, we will slide all the way down the hill. 5 multiple choice questions - when we try to gt readers to agree with us simply impressing them with a famous name or by appealing to a supposed authority who really isn ' t much of an expert. - making assumptions about a whole group or range of cases based on a sample that is inadequate. causes stereotypes. - an arguer tries to get people to accept a conclusion by making them feel sorry for someone. - the arguer takes advantage of th desire most people have to b liked and to fit in with others and uses that desire to try to get the audience to accept his or her argument. - the threat of rejection by one ' s peers is substituted for evidence in an argument. 1 ) person p is pressured by his / her peers or threatened with rejection. 2 ) therefore person p ' s claim x is false. 5 true / false questions appeal to ignorance → ridicule or mockery is substituted for evidence in an argument. 1 ) x, is some from of ridicule is presented. 2 ) therefore, claim c is false. mocking a claim doesn ' t show that it is false. begging the question → trying to discredit what a person might later claim by presenting unfavorable information about the person. 1 ) unfavorable info


did you know did you know that there is a town in germany by the name of reher?? that there is also one by the name of stoltenberg?? do you know where our reher and stoltenberg ancestors came from in germany?? johann reher came from the town of bebensee. his father casper came from dreggers which was 6 miles east of there. bad segeberg is also associated with the family. it is about 7 miles north and the closest large town. since the town of reher is 40 miles west of bebensee and dreggers i ' m not sure if there is any connection to our name and family. forty miles in the mid 1800 ' s was quite a distance to travel. claus stoltenberg came from brodersdorf which is 46 miles north of bebensee and about 10 miles northeast of kiel, a major city on the baltic sea. brodersdorf is two to three miles south of the baltic sea. other towns associated with the stoltenberg side of the family are all located in close proximity. they are laboe, stein, fahren, probsteierhagen and wentdorf. the town of stoltenberg is only seven miles to the southeast of brodersdorf. the above map of northern germany will show you where the towns reher, stoltenberg, bebensee, dreggers, and brodersdorf are located. i ' ve marked these towns with a dark asterisk * to make them easier to find. click on the map to make it bigger and easier to see the towns marked with an asterisk. after the larger map comes up, click on that again to zoom in. it is about 60 miles from kiel at the top of the map to hamburg which is towards the bottom of this map. from reher to bebensee it is 40 miles, to brodersdorf it is 46 miles which is also the distance from bebensee to brodersdorf and stoltenberg... almost a perfect equilateral triangle. see the map below... reher is in the bottom left corner or the triangle, bebensee in the bottom right and brodersdorf in the top. hamburg is the port that our johann & sophia reher sailed out of with their two small children, emma and ernest when they came to america in 1872. the map above shows a closer view of the area where bebensee & dreggers are located... where johann


definitions of thrust : - noun : verbal criticism example : " he enlivened his editorials with barbed thrusts at politicians " - noun : the act of applying force to propel something - noun : a thrusting blow with a knife or other sharp pointed instrument - noun : the force used in pushing example : " the thrust of the jet engines " - noun : a sharp hand gesture ( resembling a blow ) example : " he made a thrusting motion with his fist " - verb : press or force example : " she thrust the letter into his hand " - verb : push upward example : " the front of the trains that had collided head - on thrust up into the air " - verb : geology : thrust ( molten rock ) into pre - existing rock - verb : push forcefully example : " he thrust his chin forward " - verb : impose or thrust urgently, importunately, or inexorably - verb : penetrate or cut through with a sharp instrument - verb : place or put with great energy example : " thrust the money in the hands of the beggar " - verb : make a thrusting forward movement search for thrust at other dictionaries : onelook, answers. com, merriam - webster " works flawlessly! " : rhymezone apps for iphone / ipad and android! help, feedback, customize, android app, iphone / ipad app copyright © 2013 datamuse


in 2005, congress passed federal transportation legislation that established the national safe routes to school program. * local, regional and national efforts to increase safe walking and bicycling for school children have burgeoned since that time. state programs are well underway and local programs are thriving. today, a strong network of state coordinators and local program leaders, an engaged group of advocates and an increasing body of knowledge on " what works, " contribute to the growth of safe routes to school programs across the nation. learn more about the national progress of the federal safe routes to school program : * in july 2012, congress passed a new transportation bill : moving ahead for progress in the 21st century ( map - 21 ). beginning in october 2012, safe routes to school ( srts ) activities will be eligible to compete for funding alongside other programs, including the transportation enhancements program and recreational trails program, as part of a new program called transportation alternatives. the federal highway administration ( fhwa ) is charged with putting the legislation into practice, and it provides information about map - 21 on its website. state srts programs are also in the process of determining how to handle the new legislation. as the states provide information about how they will proceed with safe routes to school, the information will be available on our state srts pages.


ann arbor, mi ( scicasts ) – how do stem cells preserve their ability to become any type of cell in the body? and how do they “ decide ” to give up that magical state and start specializing? if researchers could answer these questions, our ability to harness stem cells to treat disease could explode. now, a university of michigan medical school team has published a key discovery that could help that goal become reality. in the current issue of the journal cell stem cell, researcher dr. yali dou, and her team show the crucial role of a protein called mof in preserving the ‘ stem - ness ’ of stem cells, and priming them to become specialized cells in mice. their results show that mof plays a key role in the “ epigenetics ” of stem cells - - that is, helping stem cells read and use their dna. one of the key questions in stem cell research is what keeps stem cells in a kind of eternal youth, and then allows them to start “ growing up ” to be a specific type of tissue. dou, an associate professor of pathology and biological chemistry, has studied mof for several years, puzzling over the intricacies of its role in stem cell biology. she and her team have zeroed in on the factors that add temporary tags to dna when it ’ s coiled around tiny spools called histones. in order to read their dna, cells have to unwind it a bit from those spools, allowing the gene - reading mechanisms to get access to the genetic code and transcribe it. the temporary tags added by mof act as tiny beacons, guiding the “ reader ” mechanism to the right place. “ simply put, mof regulates the core transcription mechanism – without it you can ’ t be a stem cell, ” says dou. “ there are many such proteins, called histone acetyltransferases, in cells – but only mof is important in undifferentiated cells. ” dou and her team also have published on another protein involved in dna transcription, called wdr5, that places tags that are important during transcription. but mof appears to control the process that actually allows cells to determine which genes it wants to read – a crucial function for stem - ness. “ without mof, embryonic stem cells lost their self - renewal capability and started to differentiate, ” she explains. the new findings may have particular importance for work on induced pluripotent stem cells – the kind of


for stem - ness. “ without mof, embryonic stem cells lost their self - renewal capability and started to differentiate, ” she explains. the new findings may have particular importance for work on induced pluripotent stem cells – the kind of stem cells that don ’ t come from an embryo, but are made from “ adult ” tissue. ipcs research holds great promise for disease treatment because it could allow a patient to be treated with stem cells made from their own tissue. but the current way of making ipscs from tissue involves a process that uses a cancer - causing gene – a step that might give doctors and patients pause. dou says that further work on mof might make it possible to stop using that potentially harmful approach. but further research will be needed. what they will focus on is how mof marks the dna structures called chromatin to keep parts of the genome readily accessible. in stem cells, scientists have shown, many areas of dna are kept open for access – probably because stem cells need to use their dna to make many proteins that keep them from ‘ growing up. ’ once a stem cell starts to differentiate, or become a certain specialized type of cell, parts of the dna close up and aren ’ t as accessible. many scientific teams have studied this “ selective silencing ” and the factors that cause stem cells to start specializing by reading only certain genes. but few have looked at the factors that facilitate broad - range dna transcription to preserve stem - ness. “ mof marks the areas that need to stay open and maintains the potential to become anything, ” dou explains. its crucial role in many species is hinted at by the fact that the gene to make mof has the same sequence in fruit flies and mice. “ if you think about stem cell biology, the self - renewal is one aspect that makes stem cells unique and powerful, and the differentiation is another, ” says dou. “ people have looked a lot at differentiation to make cells useful for therapy in the future – but the stem cell itself is actually pretty fascinating. so far, mof is the only histone acetyltransferase found to support the stemness of embryonic stem cells. ” in addition to dou, the research team includes her former postdoctoral fellow dr. xiangzhi li, now at shandong university in china ; colleagues from the department of biostatistics and bioinformatics in the rollins school of public health at emory university ; and colleagues from the laboratory of gene expression at the national institutes of


“ it took less than an hour to make the atoms, a few hundred million years to make the stars and planets, but five billion years to make man! ” - george gamow earlier today, a video ( from last month ) was released where one of the members of the us house of representative — a member who sits on the house committee for science, space and technology – proudly proclaimed the following : “ all that stuff i was taught about evolution, embryology, the big bang theory ; all of that is lies straight from the pit of hell. ” - paul broun well, if the big bang is a lie from the pit of hell, then the universe itself is lying to us, and i ’ m a liar repeating those lies that it tells us about itself. here ’ s why. this is the night sky, our window into the deepest recesses of space itself. the points of light visible in this skyscape are stars and planets, but buried among them are faint, fuzzy structures whose structures were only revealed with the invention of the telescope. originally marked as this - is - not - a - comet, these nebulous structures were found to consist of a variety of star clusters, stellar corpses and remnants, and new star - forming regions. but there was another type of nebula among them, the spiral nebulae, with a distinctive structure and a very peculiar property. these spiral nebulae may come in a variety of orientations and sizes, but they ’ re practically all moving very fast, and the ones that are moving fast are all moving very fast away from us. what am i talking about? every atom in the universe absorbs and emits light at very specific frequencies : frequencies determined by the quantum mechanical laws of physics. every atom of hydrogen in the universe absorbs light at identical frequencies to one another, ensuring that when we see a pattern of spectral absorption lines, we can identify what atoms are present, and in what amounts. but if those atoms are moving either towards us or away from us, or if the space between those atoms and ourselves is either contracting or expanding, those spectral lines will be shifted. well, when we look out at those spirals in the sky, this is what we find. the smaller and fainter one of these spiral nebulae appears, the faster it appears to be moving away from us! by making a variety of measurements, including those of individual stars present in these nebulae, we can not only determine their distances from us ( placing them far outside of our own galaxy


neutrons! so the big bang model — simply by stating the universe obeys general relativity and is expanding today — makes some very big predictions. among them is the prediction that, based on the fact that it was very hot and dense in the past and has been expanding and cooling ever since, we should form the lightest elements in the universe out of protons and neutrons when the universe is only a few minutes old! this includes deuterium, helium - 3, helium - 4, and lithium, in very specific proportions to one another, dependent only on the number of photons in the universe. this also means that, when the universe finally cools enough to form neutral atoms, those photons left over from the big bang should still be there, omnidirectionally, in our universe today. the only difference between then and now is that, because the universe has been expanding and cooling, this radiation is not only no longer visible to our eyes, it isn ’ t even infrared anymore! it ought to have redshifted all the way into the microwave portion of the spectrum. and what ’ s more than that, it ought to have a very particular spectral distribution, known as a blackbody spectrum. well, this microwave - wavelength radiation was discovered back in the 1960s everywhere in the sky, and its wavelength was determined to an incredible precision to be blackbody in the 1990s by the cobe satellite. and finally, it was only last year that the first absolutely pristine galaxies — made out of atoms that had never formed stars before — were found in the universe. but this gas was indeed verified to have the right elemental abundances of hydrogen and helium, with no trace of any heavy elements that shouldn ’ t be there! and with those three cornerstones in place — the expanding universe from the recession of distant galaxies, the abundances of the light elements, and the cosmic background of microwave radiation — the big bang has been verified in a way that no alternative has. none of the other options proposed can give us these three things together : not the tired light model, not the steady - state model, not a plasma cosmology, nothing. the big bang is the only model ever proposed that is consistent with these three pieces of data. of course, the big bang also gives us structure formation that matches galaxies and clusters in the universe. furthermore, it can actually be consistent with dark matter, dark energy and inflation, and every astronomical observation ever made and physical experiment ever performed. it ’ s not only the best theory


what risks will i run by not implementing an application - layer firewall? am i leaving myself wide open by not using an application - layer firewall? application - layer filtering firewalls are required to protect networks from modern attackers because attackers now focus their efforts on developing exploits against weaknesses in the services they attack. since the application layer is the least protected layer, attackers use a variety of application - specific exploits and target the known and unknown weaknesses in server services in order to take control. for example : stateful inspection firewalls just don ' t detect worms that are injected as a malicious code within the protocols, since they only look at network - layer packet headers. worms require a deep inspection for identifying the signatures and the stream to that particular session to analyze the content. an application - layer filtering firewall is able to examine the application - layer commands and data to determine whether the content or commands being sent to a server on the corporate network fall outside the bounds of valid connection attempts. another good example of the application layer - risk is buffer overflow attacks against server services. this is one of the most common methods attackers use to disable a network service and potentially take control of the server running the network service. for instance, to initiate an attack, the attacker can craft a packet containing oversized smtp commands and then send them to an smtp mail server. if the mail server implementation has a known or unknown buffer overflow weakness, the attack could disable or take over the server. an application - layer firewall is capable of filtering the smtp traffic and blocks the buffer overflow attempt at the firewall itself, preventing the attack to get past the firewall. this was first published in november 2007


what do you think of when you hear the phrase " tcp / ip troubleshooting? " people who are visually imaginative may see a flowchart. more linear - minded types may see a series of numbered steps. others ( far too common ) may feel a sense of inadequacy and frustration. tcp / ip troubleshooting should be simple, right? after all, it ' s just a protocol - - a series of steps to transfer bits over the network. but what a protocol : four layers, with multiple protocols at each layer. the traditional troubleshooting approach some years ago when i first learned about tcp / ip networking, i was taught a simple follow - these - steps approach to troubleshooting problems. the method went something like this : - type ipconfig to check if your ip address, subnet mask, and default gateway are correct. - now ping 127. 0. 0. 1 to see if your network adapter is working. - now ping your own computer ' s ip address. - now try pinging the ip address of another computer on the same subnet. - now try pinging your default gateway ( the near - side interface of the router that connects your subnet to the rest of the network ). - now try pinging the ip address of a computer on a different subnet. - and so on. i call this the " brain - dead approach " because it ' s so methodical you can basically turn off your brain and just follow the steps. it ' s also somewhat inefficient, for it automatically assumes that your problem most likely starts with your own computer and that the problem is more likely to be closer to you ( your network card, your computer ' s ip address configuration, your local subnet ) than further away ( other subnets ). and it ' s a method that was probably developed before the internet really took off - - that is, before dns became ubiquitous for name resolution and before firewalls and vpns became a fact of life for most corporate networks. what i mean is this : one of your users says " i can ' t connect to the server right now. " what could be the problem? it helps to dissect this simple sentence to understand the issues that may be involved. for example : is this the only user who has called in reporting network problems? if there are others, do they have similar issues? if so, then right away it ' s clear you don ' t need


understand the issues that may be involved. for example : is this the only user who has called in reporting network problems? if there are others, do they have similar issues? if so, then right away it ' s clear you don ' t need to take a brain - dead approach and begin your troubleshooting at the user ' s computer. instead, the issue is most likely " out there " somewhere, and that could mean maybe your dns server is offline or your dns provider services may be experiencing difficulty. or maybe a router on your internal network may be going crazy and dropping packets. or maybe the server your users are trying to connect to may have crashed. you should also stop and think about any commonalities these users may have. for example, are their machines all on the same subnet? if so, then maybe the default gateway for that subnet is misconfigured or the router crashed. or maybe a contractor working in the plenum crawlspace has accidentally cut a network cable connecting the subnet ' s workgroup switch to the department ' s main ethernet backbone switch. or maybe someone malicious has installed a rogue dhcp server on that subnet and it ' s stealing machines as their leases come up for renewal and assigning them unroutable addresses to create a denial of service condition. if it ' s only that one user though who has the problem, then it ' s probably time to play braindead and start asking questions like " ok, is your computer turned on? is the network cable securely attached at the back of your machine? " and so on. a good question to ask this user is " what do you mean by connect? " that ' s because " connect " is a technical - sounding word that users often use to impress help desk to show they know what they ' re talking about. well, they usually don ' t. why? because there are different kinds of connectivity including mac - level communications, tcp sessions, password - authentication, access rights and privileges, nat - traversal connectivity, firewall pass - through, application - level sessions, and so on. what kind of connectivity problem are they actually having? what are they trying to do when they say they want to " connect to " the server? are they trying to access a share on that server? do they get an " access denied " message when they do this? are they getting a login box prompting them for credentials? is it rejecting their credentials? are they having trouble finding


server? are they trying to access a share on that server? do they get an " access denied " message when they do this? are they getting a login box prompting them for credentials? is it rejecting their credentials? are they having trouble finding the share in active directory? is it a mapped drive they are having problems with? are they trying to browse to find the server in my network places? and so on. and is it just that server they ' re having trouble connecting to, or are they having problems connecting to anything on the network? determining the scope of the problem here is important : is connectivity failing in just one way or many ways? you ' ve got this user over here, and this server over there, and the network between. they can ' t connect. why? well, where exactly is that server anyway? is it on the user ' s subnet? on an adjacent subnet? in a different department? on a different floor? in a different building? on a different continent? what kind of network connects the user with that particular server? a wired ethernet lan? a wireless lan ( wlan )? a fractional t1 line? frame relay? a vpn tunnel over the internet? a dial - up modem connection? cable modem or dsl? first determine the type of connection ( possibly several types ) between the user and the server, and then ponder where things might break down. maybe the csu / dsu has gone wonky ; try recycling its power or contact your service provider who should be monitoring it. maybe the janitor is cleaning the server room and he bumped a power bar and an ethernet switch has gone offline. check for an alert message from your network management software, assuming you ' re using managed switches. maybe there ' s been a power blackout at the remote branch office where that server is located. call them on the phone and see what ' s happening. and is it server or servers? is the user having trouble connecting to only that server or to other servers as well? are others having problems connecting to other servers also? what are the commonalities ( if any ) between all the servers being affected? ( or apparently being affected - - remember, the problem may be with the users ' computers or more likely with the network infrastructure itself. ) the time element is crucial in troubleshooting. did the problem just start happening? when was the last time you successfully connected to the server? how long has it been going on for? is it continuous


more likely with the network infrastructure itself. ) the time element is crucial in troubleshooting. did the problem just start happening? when was the last time you successfully connected to the server? how long has it been going on for? is it continuous or intermittent? intermittent network problems involving unreliable wan links and other issues can be difficult to troubleshoot, especially if they ' re transient, i. e. brief and occasional. time can also help you relate the problem to other circumstances that might be impacting your network. did the problem start this morning at 10 am? what else happened on your network around then? were patches applied by a wsus server? did scheduled maintenance on a domain controller occur? was a construction crew in the building compound using a backhoe to repair a water main break? a structured approach my own approach to tcp / ip troubleshooting is structured around three critical areas : - determining the elements of the problem. this means : - client end : the client ( s ) who are experiencing the difficulty ( or difficulties ) ( the user end ). - server end : the server ( s ), printer ( s ), or other network resources ( such as the internet ) that the clients are experiencing difficulty with. - network in between : the wires ( if not wireless ), hubs, switches, routers, firewalls, proxy servers and any other network infrastructure between the client end and the server end. - environment : external circumstances that may be affecting your network like power fluctuations, building maintenance and so on. - scope : one or many clients / servers involved. - time frame : continuous, intermittent, occasional ; when did it begin ; and so on. - type of connection problem : physical, network, transport or application layer ; authentication or access control ; and so on. - signposts : error messages on client machines ; login boxes ; and so on. - determine which troubleshooting steps might apply given the above problem elements. this includes : - verifying physical media connectivity for the client ( s ), server ( s ) and network infrastructure hardware involved. this means checking cables, making sure network adapters are properly seated, and looking for other causes of network connections displaying a media disconnected state. - verifying tcp / ip configuration of the client ( s ), server ( s ) and network infrastructure hardware involved. on the clients and servers this means ip address, subnet mask, default gateway, dns settings and so on. for network infrastructure hardware typically means routing tables on route


the client ( s ), server ( s ) and network infrastructure hardware involved. on the clients and servers this means ip address, subnet mask, default gateway, dns settings and so on. for network infrastructure hardware typically means routing tables on routers and internet gateways. - verifying routing connectivity between the client ( s ) and server ( s ) involved. this means using ping, pathping, tracert and other similar tools to verify end - to - end tcp / ip connectivity at the network level ; packet sniffing to monitor transport layer sessions ; using nslookup, telnet and other tools to troubleshoot application layer issues involving name resolution problems, authentication problems and so on. - understand it, question it, test it. - understanding how protocols work, how packets are forwarded by routing tables, what tools like netdiag. exe can tell you, is critical. successful tcp / ip troubleshooting is founded upon a good understanding of how tcp / ip works and the tools that can be used to test it. if you ' ve never plodded through trying to understand a network monitor trace, you ' ll have difficulties troubleshooting certain kinds of problems. - asking the right questions is also critical to good troubleshooting. learning when to be methodical and when to take a mental leap is the essence of the art of troubleshooting, and it involves full use of both your left brain ( logic ) and right brain ( intuition ). - finally, getting your hands dirty and actually testing things to try and isolate the problem is critical, and to do this you need a toolbox of troubleshooting tools you know how to use. there ' s nothing like lots of experience to help you solve a difficult problem, even if it ' s something you ' ve never seen before. troubleshooting tcp / ip networks can be frustrating, but it can also be fun. in future articles we ' ll zoom in on the troubleshooting steps and tools you need to be able to do in order to successfully solve the issues that might arise on your network. until then, stay connected! about the author : mitch tulloch is a writer, trainer and consultant specializing in windows server operating systems, iis administration, network troubleshooting, and security. he is the author of 15 books including the microsoft encyclopedia of networking ( microsoft press ), the microsoft encyclopedia of security ( microsoft press ), windows server hacks ( o ' reilly ), windows server 2003 in a nutshell


- about pkal subjectshowing only geoscience show all subject subject show all subject results 1 - 10 of 45 matches geologic puzzles : morrison formation part of interactive lectures : examples images of faulted strata, tilted turbidites, and beach rocks bring the field into the classroom, giving students practice in doing what geoscientists do. these images are examples of geologic puzzles. weathering rates part of interactive lectures : examples a think - pair - share activity in which students calculate weathering rates from tombstone weathering data. 2004 asian earthquake and tsunami disaster project part of cooperative learning : examples students are employees of a unit of the united nations responsible for coordinating disaster relief after a major disaster ( the 2004 asian earthquake and tsunami ) occurs. the agency needs to understand the situation in each country so that it can coordinate the work of various governments and ngo ( nongovernmental organizations ) working in the affected area. carbon dioxide exercise part of interactive lectures : examples students work in groups, plotting carbon dioxide concentrations over time on overheads and estimating the rate of change over five years. learn more about this review process. magma viscosity demos part of interactive lectures : examples this is an interactive lecture where students answer questions about demonstrations shown in several movie files. they learn to connect what they have learned about molecules, phases of matter, silicate crystal structures, and igneous rock classification with magma viscosity, and to connect magma viscosity with volcano explosiveness and morphology. jitt - dam removal - a good idea or not? part of just in time teaching : examples 1 ) what are some of the biological effects of dam removal ( good and bad )? 2 ) what are some of the more pressing / compelling reasons to remove a dam? explain. 3 ) the stanley and doyle ( 2003 ) article states that,... jitt - geologic dating part of just in time teaching : examples 1 ) how are zircons formed? 2 ) which of the following statements describes relative geologic dating? a ) the triceratops and tyrannosaurus rex went extinct at the same time b ) dinosaurs came later than horseshoe... jitt - ethics of fossil collecting part of just in time teaching : examples 1 ) what do you think it means for a fossil resource to be " abused "? 2 ) what ' s the issue with fossil hunting on federal land ( such as national parks )? explain what your interpretation of the conflict... investigative case - " goodbye honey buckets " part of investigative case based


5 simple ways to reduce food waste would you care if the cost of food went up 30 percent? well, you ' re paying that premium right now if you fall within the department of agriculture ' s average of wasting over a quarter of your food. go to sleep and lose weight wasted food is the second - largest component of municipal solid waste in the u. s. in 2010, over 34 million tons of food waste was produced, accounting for almost 14 percent of the total waste stream. only a fraction of this waste was recovered through composting programs, leaving 33 million tons to go into landfills where the decomposing food produces methane, a greenhouse gas more than 20 times as damaging as carbon dioxide. 3 things to remember before hiring a finger food company timothy jones, an anthropologist at the ua bureau of applied research in anthropology, estimates an average family of four currently tosses out $ 590 per year, just in meat, fruit, vegetables and grain products. journalist jonathan bloom, tracked residential food waste for three decades, and estimates that as much as 25 percent of the food we bring into our homes is wasted. so a family of four that spends $ 175 a week on groceries squanders more than $ 40 worth of food each week and $ 2, 275 a year. how women can get great benefits from whey protein although food is wasted at the farm, in transit and on store shelves, a study in tompkins county, n. y., showed that 40 percent of food waste occurs in the home. our personal efforts, therefore, play an important part in closing the gap on food waste and all its associated costs. here are some simple strategies individuals and families can adopt to help reduce food waste :


west coast tsunami dvd sku id # 69663 you save : $ 4. 96 20 % off to order by phone call 1 - 800 - 933 - 6249 - additional details - format : color, dvd - video, ntsc - rating : not rated - number of discs : 1 - run time : 50 minutes - region : region 1 - aspect ratio : 1. 33 : 1 - language : english - studio : history channel - dvd release date : may 9, 2006 in the wake of the 2004 disaster in the indian ocean, seismologists investigate the effects of a similar event off the california coast. - a harrowing look at what might happen if the " big one " strikes at sea. - see incredible footage from the asian tsunami of 2004 and other disasters. - seismologists detail the threat that lies off the pacific coast. what would happen if a massive earthquake and tsunami were to strike the west coast of the united states? experts say it could easily match the catastrophic 2004 indian ocean tsunami in scale and might. the 700 - mile stretch of coast from northern california to southern british columbia lies just off the extremely volatile cascadia subduction zone. many seismologists say that after more than 300 years of massive pressure build - up, it is likely to erupt in the not too distant future. and it has happened in the past. geologists have discovered evidence of a massive tsunami that struck the pacific northwest in 1700 - - as powerful as the devastating indian ocean tsunami of 2004. hundreds of thousands of lives are at stake. we ' ll talk to emergency planners, seismologists, and other researchers who are trying to get a handle on when cascadia will blow, and what - - if anything - - we can do to minimize the disaster.


messiah is an oratorio by george frideric handel. it is handel ’ s most famous work, and in england, the most often performed of any big choral work. the title messiah means “ the anointed one ” and is the name given to jesus christ in the christian teaching. background to its composition [ change ] george frideric handel was born in germany. when he was a young man he came to england and he liked it so much that he soon visited england again and stayed there for the rest of his life, becoming a naturalised englishman says the legend. actually he was composer for the king of hannover, who then became king of england, and handel followed his " employer ". the main reason why handel liked england at that time was because the people liked his music and gave him support. at this time handel was known as a composer of operas. for about 20 years handel spent most of his time working on operas : composing them, organising performances and looking for opera singers to sing his works. by the late 1730s, however, people ’ s tastes started to change and opera was not so popular. handel changed to writing oratorios. although it is thought that handel invented the oratorio he in fact did not. oratorio is italian, after the oratory of saint philip neri at rome, where famous musical services were held in the 16th century. handel is just one composer of many who wrote oratorios. his oratorios are based on the english tradition of the masque, which was something between a play and an opera. however, oratorios were about stories from the old testament. instead of ancient gods or roman emperors ( which is what operas were about at that time ) he used dramatic stories from the bible. among many great oratorios that he wrote, messiah is his most famous one. however, it is different from his other oratorios in some ways. handel composes the messiah [ change ] the words of messiah were written by a librettist charles jennens. he chose several passages from the bible and made a libretto, which he sent to handel in 1741 ( although people today often call the work “ the messiah ”, both handel and jennens call it “ messiah ” without the word “ the ” ). handel immediately realized that a great work of music could be made from jennens ’ libretto. he thought that jennens was a very clever person, and in his letters to him he calls the work “ your oratorio