ever, we will hear their voice. in 2013, look for more youtube channels of teachers with example lessons that include how learners have a voice and choice in their learning. - unpacking standards : common core state standards open doors to more creativity and flexibility in learning. more real - world connections make the standards more authentic for learners. we are also seeing this in standards from other countries : the uk, australia, canada and others. the world is getting smaller and flatter. learners want to own their learning very early and can do that by unpacking the standards with their teachers. it is time to bring back inquiry and encourage questions that have no right answers. we believe that in 2013 we will see lessons driven by questions that learners thought of that will blow your minds. children are amazing and it ' s time to give them responsibility for what they need to learn to meet their learning goals. - transforming learning environments : when teachers move to stage one personalized learning environments, they realize they are not the expert any more in the room. the environment of desks facing forward just doesn ' t work a work. kevin mclaughlin started personalizing learning one year ago and realized that to personalize learning, you need to allow the learners to move around, to interact with their peers, to sit anywhere with anyone, to use the floor space as well as a table and not to use groupings of any sort unless there is a specific reason for it. chris edwards saw how it worked for kevin and transformed his classroom of year 2 learners. he calls it " messy learning. " his story about getting lost in greenland is priceless. lisa welch and wanda richardson are kindergarten teachers in wisconsin as part of cesa # 1 who co - teach in a k - 2 team. they opened doors and created inviting and engaging environments. look for more stories in 2013 from cesa # 1 and other places around the world where they are transforming learning. - building a common language : over the past few years, we have been hearing about personalized learning with different definitions. is it about technology or not? we have a consensus from some of the leaders around the world who take a similar position that personalized learning is the umbrella or big picture that connects the dots. the dots are initiatives, programs, and methodologies a school or district are currently implementing. from the participants in our 5 w ' s of personalized learning ecourse, we now know that the most important piece is building a common language around personalized learning before you start transforming learning. we have seen districts


hyperglycemia in dogs a dog with abnormally high levels of glucose in the blood is said to have hyperglycemia. a simple carbohydrate sugar that circulates in the blood, glucose is a major source of energy for the body, of which normal levels range between 75 - 120mg. insulin, a hormone that is produced and released by the pancreas into the bloodstream when glucose levels rise, plays a key role in maintaining normal sugar levels. low levels or absolute deficiency of insulin results in abnormally high blood sugar levels. some of the causes for hyperglycemia may be pancreatitis, and the resulting inability to produce insulin ; normally occurring hormones, especially in female dogs ; diet ; and infections of the body ( such as teeth, or urinary tract ). middle aged and older dogs are more at risk for developing hyperglycemia, and it is more common in female dogs than in males. any breed can be affected, but some smaller breeds appear to be more disposed, including beagles, cairn terriers, dachshunds, miniature poodles and schnauzers. symptoms and types clinical symptoms may vary depending on the underlying disease / condition. your dog may not be showing any serious symptoms, especially those if the increased sugar is thought to be temporary, hormonal, or stress induced hyperglycemia. some of the more common symptoms include : - increased thirst ( polydipsia ) - increased urination ( polyuria ) - weight loss - excessive hunger - bloodshot eyes ( due to inflamed blood vessels ) - liver enlargement - nerve damage in legs - severe depression ( in cases of very high blood sugar levels ) - non - healing wounds ; infection is increased as the excess sugar feeds fungal and bacterial invaders - tissue damage ( due to oxidizing [ burning ] effect of the excess sugar in the tissue ) other than high stress situations, harmful drug interactions ( such as with heartworm medication ), and intake of nutritional solutions containing high glucose, the following are potential causes to hyperglycemia : low glucose consumption within the body leading to high blood sugar levels - diabetes mellitus - acute pancreatitis - high progesterone levels - insufficient excretion of wastes by the kidneys high glucose production - pancreatic neoplasia - soon after taking meal - infections in the body can drive blood sugar levels high - dental infection - kidney infection - urinary tract infection a complete blood profile


- health library - petmd u a perirenal pseudocyst is a condition in which fluid accumulates in a capsule surrounding the kidney, causing the kidney to enlarge. however, it is not technically a cyst because it lacks a true membrane covering. perirenal pseudocysts primarily affects mature male cats ( more than 8 years ) ; if found in young cats, it commonly affects only one kidney. although most cats with a perirenal pseudocyst have a nonpainful, enlarged abdomen, some may not display any symptoms ( asymptomatic ). in severe cases, symptoms of renal failure may manifest. although the exact cause of a perirenal pseudocyst is not completely understood, kidney tumors, surgeries involving the kidney, and certain types of injuries are thought to be factors for developing the capsule. you will need to give a thorough history of your cat ’ s health, including the onset and nature of the symptoms, to your veterinarian. he or she will then perform a complete physical examination, as well a biochemistry profile, urinalysis, and complete blood count ( cbc ) - - the results of which are normal unless severe renal insufficiency is present. imaging studies, including x - rays and ultrasounds, may identify which kidney is affected. additionally, a fluid sample from around the affected kidney may be taken for further evaluation. perirenal pseudocysts are usually not life - threatening and some cats need no treatment whatsoever. otherwise, the fluid is surgically drained from the capsule, especially when the cat ' s abdomen is distended. there are also forms of treatment when severe renal diseases are involved. regular follow - up examinations ( every two to six months ) are required to evaulate the progression of the disease and the effectiveness of the treatment. watch your cat for untoward symptoms, such as increased thirst ( polydipsia ), blood in urine ( hematuria ), and weight loss, and inform your veterinarian of them immediately, as they may be signs of renal failure. an in - depth examination of the properties of urine ; used to determine the presence or absence of illness the failure of the kidneys to perform their proper functions blood in the urine term used to refer to a condition of having a disease or affliction but not displaying symptoms of it. a medical condition involving excessive thirst


no matter where dogs live, or how much time they spend indoors vs. outdoors, all dogs are at risk for potentially deadly heartworm disease. if you own a dog, know these important facts : • heartworm - infected dogs can spread infection via mosquitoes. • dogs have been diagnosed with heartworm disease in all 50 us states. 1 • at least 250, 000 dogs test positive for heartworm disease a year. 2 • treatment for heartworm disease is costly for owners and stressful for dogs. • untreated infections can lead to severe heart / lung / kidney disease – and even death. you can help protect your dog from the dangers of heartworm disease by using a monthly preventive, such as heartgard® plus ( ivermectin / pyrantel ) — the # 1 choice of veterinarians. 3 when given monthly, heartgard plus also treats and controls roundworms and hookworms. plus, it ’ s the only real beef chewable with the taste dogs prefer 37 to 1! 4 heartgard is well tolerated. all dogs should be tested for heartworm infection before starting a preventive program. following the use of heartgard plus, digestive and neurological side effects have rarely been reported. for more information, contact your veterinarian or visit www. heartgard. com. 2 estimated numbers based upon clinics reporting previous year data in both 2002 and 2005 for the ahs survey. 3 marketing dynamics ; monthly share report, vet dispensed treatments ; 02 / 01 / 08 ; data on file. 4 of dogs showing a preference in three studies conducted by independent investigators, dogs preferred heartgard plus over interceptor® ( milbemycin oxime ) flavor tabs® by a margin of 37 : 1 ; data on file at merial. ®interceptor is a registered trademark of the novartis corporation. ®flavor tabs is a registered trademark of novartis ag. ©2008 merial limited. duluth, georgia. all rights reserved.


water treatment services take place at a very large and small scale. on a larger scale, water treatment services involve filtering out unnecessary chemicals and toxins from a local area water supply. all major u. s. cities employ water treatment service plants to make water drinkable for residents. many major water sources are rivers and streams that can get filled with pollution. this isn ' t the only health concern when it comes to water supplies, though. literally tons of toxins can contaminate water, including dead animals, dirt, sewage, and a host of other unwanted materials. water that travels a long distance from its source to its final destination risks increased contamination with every mile, so it ' s easy to see why water must be treated before it can be used for public consumption. well water may have to be treated if the well becomes tainted in some way. companies that bottle water for retail sale or delivery often use water treatment services to improve the quality of their products. there are different kinds of water treatment services. your local treatment companies probably perform a variety of services for their clients. water that is too acidic must undergo a neutralization process to remove the sour taste and whatever chemical that ' s causing it. iron filtration removes sediment to improve taste and texture. purification is usually performed for taste reasons, but also to remove potentially harmful chemicals such as sulfates. local water treatment services often correct water pressure problems along with the other services they provide.


a dog can accurately detect the early presence of lung cancer by sniffing patients ’ breath, doctors in germany say. while researchers have known for some time that dogs can sniff out the telltale signs of other forms of cancer, this is the first study that proves dogs can reliably smell this particular kind. this is a breakthrough for lung cancer researchers who have been trying to figure out if there are specific volatile organic compounds associated with the presence of the disease. the dog study suggests that there are. researchers at schillerhoehe hospital in germany worked with specially trained dogs who were asked to smell the breath of 220 volunteers. the group included healthy patients, as well as people with lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. the dogs correctly identified 71 positive lung cancer samples out of a possible 100, the researchers write in the european respiratory journal. they also correctly identified 372 non - cancerous samples out of a possible 400. what ’ s interesting about this is that the dogs were able to detect cancer even in the presence of other factors, like tobacco smoke and copd. current lab tests for lung cancer can ' t do this. this suggests that there is indeed a voc associated directly with lung cancer, which can be detected — at least by a dog — even in the presence of other compounds. vocs are emitted from the surface of cells as they undergo tumor - induced gene and protein changes. identifying the vocs that certain cells make can go a long way toward early diagnosis, when a scan might not be able to detect anything. other researchers have been working on lab chips that can make the same diagnosis, without using dogs. israeli researchers reported last year that their gold nanoparticle e - nose could differentiate among lung, breast, prostate and colon cancer — by differentiating among the vocs. but as we ’ ve seen before, sometimes dogs are simply the best sniffing technology out there. the defense department figured this out after spending billions of dollars on research. this new study suggests that doctors may be learning the same thing. the incredible innovations, like drone swarms and perpetual flight, bringing aviation into the world of tomorrow. plus : today ' s greatest sci - fi writers predict the future, the science behind the summer ' s biggest blockbusters, a doctor who - themed diy ' bot, the organs you can do without, and much more.


expert gardeners know that gardening is more than simply planting seeds in dirt and providing water and sunshine. a crucial part of getting food to grow abundantly is to nourish your soil so that it is healthy and fertile. one of the best ways to get better soil is to add compost to it. compost is a rich, dark material that you can make for free using kitchen and yard scraps and regularly maintaining it. of course, many of you know what composting is but have yet to try it because it sounds like a big undertaking or you think you probably don ’ t have the time for the upkeep. maybe you just don ’ t aspire to be an expert gardener but simply a pretty good one. composting doesn ’ t have to be time - consuming or lifestyle - altering, and the benefits you will reap from it in your gardening will make you wonder what ’ s taken you so long to get started. if you have time for a garden, you probably have time for a compost pile. here is why every gardener needs to compost : 1. adding compost to dirt creates nutrient - rich soil, which in turn grows more produce. 2. compost added to soil increases water retention. this means you don ’ t have to water as frequently or as much, which makes gardening more efficient. 3. adding compost increases beneficial microorganisms in your soil, resulting in healthier plants because more good bugs means fewer bad ones. 4. compost in soil improves soil structure. soil is softer and more workable, making it easier for plants to root deeply. 5. composting keeps unnecessary waste out of landfills. for further convincing, here ’ s my personal testimonial. when in full bloom, our garden looks like one you might find in wonderland or willy wonka ’ s back yard. everything is oversized, richly colored, and pulsing with life. it astonishes me every single year how quickly and effortlessly things seem to grow there. here ’ s why : my husband makes it an art form to cultivate soil that is as healthy and fertile as the garden of eden by maintaining our compost pile and adding it to our dirt regularly. how to get started you don ’ t have to make it a big project to start a compost pile. simply follow these steps and reap the rewards. 1. designate a place for your compost pile. most experts say to start with a 4 by 4 by 4 space so that it is big


it a big project to start a compost pile. simply follow these steps and reap the rewards. 1. designate a place for your compost pile. most experts say to start with a 4 by 4 by 4 space so that it is big enough to generate some heat and keep vital processes working. your compost pile doesn ’ t have to be enclosed, but it can be, especially if you plan to compost through the winter. 2. begin saving kitchen scraps, yard waste, newspapers, etc. we keep an old cookie tin outside our door so that whenever we have vegetable scraps to get rid of, we can just toss them in there. when it gets full, we add it to the compost pile. when you add your scraps to the pile, you can mix them in or layer them. experiment a little and see what works best for you. the basic mix of an ideal compost pile is about a 30 : 1 ratio of carbon to nitrogen. this is achieved by adding both what we call “ brown ” materials and “ green ” materials to the pile. brown materials are materials that contain a lot of carbon. these include dried leaves, dead plants, straw, hay, egg shells, shredded paper, cardboard, small twigs, pine needles, peat moss, and sawdust. green materials contain more nitrogen and include grass and other green plants, hair, manure, and fruit and vegetable scraps. many beginning composters worry about having exact amounts of carbon and nitrogen, but it ’ s not necessary to get hung up on the proportions. just be sure you are adding both green and brown materials, and you should have what you need. one word of caution : make sure any wood added to the pile has not been treated chemically, grass has not been sprayed, and food scraps do not have oil on them. all of these things will be detrimental to a healthy compost pile. 3. maintain your pile. your goal with your compost pile is to enable the aerobic decomposition processes to work without stopping, allowing the microorganisms to break down your materials and turn them into compost. you do this by keeping the pile moist, aerated, and full of a good mixture of carbon and nitrogen. keep your pile moist but not soggy. loosely cover it with a tarp or other covering if you live in a very rainy area or if you live in a very hot, dry area. you may need to water it regularly to keep it moist. you want its moisture


not soggy. loosely cover it with a tarp or other covering if you live in a very rainy area or if you live in a very hot, dry area. you may need to water it regularly to keep it moist. you want its moisture level to resemble a wrung - out sponge. give your pile plenty of air circulation. you can do this by laying down a few layers of bulky materials like wood chips to create air pockets, poking holes in the pile, and turning it regularly, which will all ensure that oxygen reaches the center of the pile. when a compost pile is getting enough oxygen, it is able to decompose efficiently. a few signs that decomposition is happening as it should are that your pile has an earthy, not a stinky, smell and that it is warm to the touch. if your pile feels cold or starts to have a foul smell, the aerobic processes are not happening as they should. you may just need to turn it more frequently, dry it out, or add some more green materials. usually the more frequently you turn your pile, the quicker it will be ready for use. some experts will tell you to turn it as much as every few days, and some will say as rarely as once a month. again, do your own experimenting and see what gives you the most success. 4. add the completed compost to your garden when it is ready. work compost into the top six inches of your garden soil to give it the nourishment it needs. how will you know when your compost is ready to be added to the garden? when it looks pretty uniformly dark and crumbly and you can ’ t see the original ingredients you put into it, it ’ s a pretty safe bet your compost is ready. you can also seal some in a plastic bag for a day or two and then check to see if it is stinky after that time. if not, it ’ s ready. if you are attempting to maintain a compost pile and are having trouble with any aspect of it, you may want to check out this excellent article for troubleshooting help. composting may initially seem like more work than you want to devote to your gardening, but once you get started, you will see that it doesn ’ t take much time, and any work you do will be worth it. with your freshly - made compost added in, your garden will go from a patch of dirt to a wildly productive gardening plot.


relentlessly, the wide health gap between different groups of people living in britain continues to get even wider. this book presents new evidence ( which was not available to the government ' s independent inquiry into inequalities in health ) on the size of the gap, and the extent to which the gap is widening. in particular, new geographical data are presented and displayed in striking graphical form. it challenges whether the government is concerned enough about reducing inequalities and highlights the living conditions of the million people living in the least healthy areas in britain. it presents explanations for the widening health gap, and addresses the implications of this major social problem. in the light of this evidence the authors put forward social policies which will reduce the health gap in the future. the widening gap synthesises all the information available to date and should be read alongside the report of the evidence presented to the independent inquiry into inequalities in health ( inequalities in health, the policy press, 1999 ) and by all those concerned with reducing health inequalities. studies in poverty, inequality and social exclusion seriesseries editor : david gordon, director, townsend centre for international poverty research. poverty, inequality and social exclusion remain the most fundamental problems that humanity faces in the 21st century. this exciting series, published in association with the townsend centre for international poverty research at the university of bristol, aims to make cutting - edge poverty related research more widely available. for other titles in this series, please follow the series link from the main catalogue page.


in a linux operating system based computer, directories, blocks, sockets, files, and other items are referred by their corresponding file descriptors. file descriptor is one of the significant data structures of linux operating system. it is very essential for the file descriptor to be consistent for proper working of your system. in case it is damaged, you can not access your precious data from the disk and face severe data loss situations. in such cases, you need to opt for linux data recovery solutions. if you encounter any error from your system related to file descriptor corruption, it can be due to corruption to the linux file system. file system corruption is a major reason of data loss and cause serious problems for you. for a practical instance of this problem with your linux system, you may encounter the following error message when you attempt to access data from your linux hard drive - “ bad file descriptor ” the above error may also occur while booting your system or mounting a hard drive volume. it renders your precious data inaccessible. at this point, you need to find out the root of this problem and fix it using < a href = " http : / / recover - deleted - linux - data. data - recovery - linux. com / " > linux data recovery < / a > solutions. grounds of the problem - you may encounter this behavior of linux operating system due to any of the following reasons - linux uses / dev / null file that removes all data, which is written to the file after reporting that write process is completed successfully. you might encounter the file description problems if the file is deleted. if this error occurs while accessing any file from the hard drive, it can be due to corrupt disk blocks or file system corruption. try using the below methods to sort out this issue - to fix overwritten or deleted / dev / null file problems, you are required to replace the file with suitable inode. run fsck command on the affected linux hard drive to resolve file system inconsistency and hard drive integrity issues. before you run this command, file system must be un - mounted and system must be running in single - user mode. restore data from the most recent backup. it is an efficient ext3 recovery solution to get your precious data back. if none of the above methods work, use third - party linux recovery software to perform data recovery linux. the applications are capable of retrieving your significant data in all data loss situations. was this article helpful? don ' t forget


students will soon find fewer hot dogs and more apples and broccoli on their school lunch menus thanks to new federal nutrition guidelines announced wednesday. the new meal requirements will raise standards for the first time in more than 15 years and will help improve the health and nutrition of nearly 32 million kids that participate in school meal programs every school day. “ when we send our kids to school, we expect that they won ’ t be eating the kind of fatty, salty, sugary foods that we try to keep them from eating at home, ” said first lady michelle obama in a news release announcing the improvements. “ we want the food they get at school to be the same kind of food we would serve at our own kitchen tables. ” the first lady unveiled the changes with u. s. department of agriculture secretary tom vilsack while visiting with students at an alexandria, va., elementary school. according to the secretary ’ s post on the usda blog, the new guidelines will ensure students are offered both fruits and vegetables every day of the week ; substantially increase offerings of whole grain - rich foods ; limit milk offerings to only fat - free or low - fat varieties ; limit calories ; and reduce the amounts of saturated fat, trans fats and sodium. the healthier meal requirements are a key component of the healthy, hunger - free kids act of 2010, which was championed by the first lady as part of her let ’ s move campaign and other health advocates, including apha. the changes will be phased in over the next three years starting in the fall. you can view a sample menu before and after the changes here. would you eat from this menu?


country of origin : there are four closely related breeds of belgian shepherd collectively referred to as ‘ chien de berger belge ’, which were classified as independent breeds in 1891. all are herding and guard dogs, and are primarily distinguished by their appearances : the malinois has short hair, the laekenois ( not currently recognized by the american kennel club ) has wiry hair, the groenendael ( also known simply as the ‘ belgian shepherd ’ ) has long, black hair, and the tervuren has long hair of any other color. the malinois derives its name from the belgian city of mechelen, where it was developed. it is the most popular variety in belgium, and has become the world ’ s most popular police dog, including use by the israeli defense forces. it is increasing in popularity as a pet in america, but is most commonly used for sports and service. size : the belgian malinois has a shoulder height of 58 - 64 cm ( 23 - 25 in ) and weighs 18 - 34 kg ( 40 - 75 lbs ). it has a flat skull, almond shaped eyes, a moderate stop ( point at which the muzzle meets the forehead ) and triangular, erect ears. belgian shepherds have a flat back, curved tail, and small, round ‘ cat feet ’. they are muscular and lithe with square - proportioned bodies. coat : the belgian malinois has a short brown, grey or fawn coat with possible black - tipped hairs. it has a black mask and ears and a lighter underside. the belgian malinois should not be brindle ( alternating stripes of color ). belgian malinois shed heavily once or twice a year. character : the belgian malinois is energetic, lively and eager to work. it is bred for intelligence and awareness of its surroundings. belgian malinois require frequent face time and playtime with their master. they tend to bond very strongly with one person. belgian malinois can develop phobias of certain objects or locations as puppies, but usually grow out of it by adulthood. temperament : the belgian malinois should be socialized as a puppy if it is to live with other dogs or pets. it is shy around strangers, but gets along well with children. it has high socialization and activity requirements, making it less than ideal for those unwilling or unable to invest significant time. care : belgian malinois require brushing and combing twice weekly, more often when shedding. excessive


along well with children. it has high socialization and activity requirements, making it less than ideal for those unwilling or unable to invest significant time. care : belgian malinois require brushing and combing twice weekly, more often when shedding. excessive brushing or combing can damage the undercoat. belgian malinois have a long life span of 11 - 13 years. they have similar health problems as other breeds, but are particularly susceptible to epileptic seizures. training : the belgian malinois should be trained gently, but with determination. belgian malinois are highly adverse to harsh treatment ; hitting or yelling at them will only have negative effects. best results are achieved through awards - based training methods. belgian malinois require mental stimulation, so training should not be overly repetitive. obedience and sport - specific training ( such as tracking or dog agility ) will reap great benefits and allow the belgian malinois to realize its full potential. activity : the belgian malinois needs a sufficient amount of outdoor exercise every day, including a long jog or walk and active playtime in the yard. belgian malinois thrive on mental stimulation, and will enjoy a complex game or sports training session even more than a simple round of catch. belgian malinois puppies for sale puppies for sale - shipped worldwide! finding the right belgian malinois puppy can be dog gone hard work. puppyfind® provides a convenient and efficient means of selecting and purchasing the perfect belgian malinois puppy ( or belgian malinois puppies ) from the comfort of your home, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. take advantage of our puppysearch or leisurely browse our directory of hundreds of dog breeds, belgian malinois dog breeders, belgian malinois dogs for adoption, and belgian malinois puppy for sale listings with photos and detailed descriptions. some belgian malinois puppies for sale may be shipped worldwide and include crate and veterinarian checkup. many belgian malinois dog breeders with puppies for sale also offer a health guarantee. with thousands of belgian malinois puppies for sale and hundreds of belgian malinois dog breeders, you ' re sure to find the perfect belgian malinois puppy. start your search for the perfect belgian malinois puppy popular dog breeds american pit bull terrier, cavalier king charles spaniel, chesapeake bay retriever, english springer spaniel, german shepherd dog, german shorthaired pointer, jack russell terrier, pembroke welsh corgi


what is ubiquinol? ubiquinol is a compound naturally formed in the body that plays a key role in the conversion of the food you eat into energy. * * it is responsible for the energy production that occurs in the mitochondria, the engine of the cell. that means it is particularly important in parts of the body that use a lot of energy, like your heart, vital organs and muscles. * * why should i take ubiquinol? the body ’ s production of ubiquinol can decline due to a number of factors, including aging. blood levels of ubiquinol decline, and with the years can fall dramatically to levels where proper production of energy is compromised. what is the difference between ubiquinol and coenzyme q - 10? ubiquinol and coenzyme q - 10 are two versions of the same molecule and both function in the production of energy ; however, taking the ubiquinol version is beneficial for a number of reasons. first, it is the already active, preferred form in the blood, meaning that the body has to work less hard to utilize it and can transport it faster than coenzyme q - 10. second, it is better absorbed than coenzyme q - 10. third, unlike coenzyme q - 10, ubiquinol acts as an antioxidant in areas of the body where most other antioxidants do not, including in the mitochondria, which produces lots of free radicals. ubiquinol is the “ next generation ” coenzyme q - 10. i ’ ve heard that people taking statin medications to lower cholesterol should also take ubiquinol. is this true? statin medications are so effective because they shut off the body ’ s production of cholesterol. unfortunately, they also shut off the production of coenzyme q - 10 / ubiquinol. therefore those on statin medications long term often become deficient. this is why many doctors are recommending that ubiquinol be taken in conjunction with statins. how much ubiquinol should i take? a higher level ( 200 - 300 mg ) may be used for the first 3 weeks to bring the body up to speed and then the daily amount can be reduced to 100 - 200 mg per day. always consult a healthcare practitioner when adding ubiquinol to your regimen, particularly if you are also taking medications. the structure function claims made on this website have


nearly a quarter of ethnic chinese have a tiny genetic variant that boosts sixfold their risk of falling gravely ill when infected with flu, a study published on tuesday said. researchers in china and britain looked at chinese hospital data from the 2009 - 2010 pandemic of h1n1 influenza. patients who had the minute variant were six times likelier to be treated for severe infection compared with patients who had a different genetic type, they found. the variation focuses on just a single change in the code of a key gene in the immune system. the ifitm3 gene — for “ interferon - induced transmembrane protein - 3 ″ — determines how cells fight the influenza virus. the single code change is called rs12252, and it comes in three variants, also called genotypes : cc, ct and tt. around 24 percent of han chinese have the cc genotype, but their numbers were disproportionately high among those who were badly affected by flu, the investigators learned. among those who were treated for serious symptoms and whose genetic code had been sequenced, 59 percent had the cc genotype. “ the cc genotype was estimated to confer a sixfold greater risk for severe infection than the ct and tt genotypes, ” said the paper, appearing in the journal nature communications. risk of dying from flu is also “ probably ” higher for the cc genotype although the probe did not specifically address this question, said andrew mcmichael, who partnered tao dong at the university of oxford in the british side of the investigation. between 25 and 50 percent of cases of severe infection required assisted breathing, he noted in an email exchange with afp. the vulnerability of the cc genotype also probably applies to all strains of the flu virus, and not just h1n1, said mcmichael. only 0. 03 percent of northern europeans have the cc variant, and they too are disproportionately more at risk than other genotypes. this sub - group accounted for 5. 3 percent of hospital admissions for all strains of flu, previous research has found. the study calls for urgent work to see whether genetic screening could be useful for chinese, or other asians, who could be most at risk. “ it might help at the time of admission to hospital to help predict the course of infection and therefore treatment, but this needs to be assessed very carefully by our chinese colleagues in future studies, ” said mcmichael.


gingivitis survives by manipulating immune system new research published in the journal of leukocyte biology suggests that porphyromonas gingivalis causes excess il - 10 production, which inhibits the immune cells interferon gamma leading to infection a new research report published in the journal of leukocyte biology shows how the bacteria known for causing gum disease – porphyromonas gingivalis – manipulates the body ’ s immune system to disable normal processes that would otherwise destroy it. specifically, the report shows that this pathogen prompts the production of the anti - inflammatory molecule interleukin - 10 ( il - 10 ). this, in turn, inhibits the function of t - cells, which would otherwise help to protect the host from this particular microbial infection. “ since greater than 50 percent of the u. s. population over 50 years - of - age develop adult periodontal disease, we hope that the results of our study will ultimately help in the development of novel treatments that could prevent or ameliorate the chronic infection caused by the pathogen p. gingivalis, ’ ” said jannet katz, d. d. s., ph. d., a researcher involved in the work from the department of pediatric dentistry at the university of alabama in birmingham. to make this discovery, scientists used cells from mice that were exposed to p. gingivalis. one portion of the cells was treated with an inhibiting antibody against il - 10 and the other portion of cells was not treated. all of the cells were then tested for interferon gamma production. an increase of interferon gamma production was seen in the treated cells, but no increase was found in the untreated cells. these findings suggest that the damage done by p. gingivalis happens when the immune cells of the host are first exposed to this pathogen, and further implies that for treatment to be successful, it must be started as early as possible. this study highlights the mechanism by which p. gingivalis can establish a chronic infection in the form of periodontal disease and provides insight into how the disease develops. results also demonstrate the importance of very early intervention either by eradication of the bacterium with specifically designed therapeutics or by prevention via the development of an effective vaccine. “ gum diseases and the infections that cause them can be incredibly stubborn and difficult to treat, ” said john wherry, ph. d., deputy editor of the journal of leukocyte


fruits are classified according to the arrangement from which they derive. there are four types — simple, aggregate, multiple, and accessory fruits. simple fruits develop from a single ovary of a single flower and may be fleshy or dry. principal fleshy fruit types are the berry, in which the entire pericarp is soft and pulpy ( e. g., the grape, tomato, banana, pepo, hesperidium, and blueberry ) and the drupe, in which the outer layers may be pulpy, fibrous, or leathery and the endocarp hardens into a pit or stone enclosing one or more seeds ( e. g., the peach, cherry, olive, coconut, and walnut ). the name fruit is often applied loosely to all edible plant products and specifically to the fleshy fruits, some of which ( e. g., eggplant, tomatoes, and squash ) are commonly called vegetables. dry fruits are divided into those whose hard or papery shells split open to release the mature seed ( dehiscent fruits ) and those that do not split ( indehiscent fruits ). among the dehiscent fruits are the legume ( e. g., the pod of the pea and bean ), which splits at both edges, and the follicle, which splits on only one side ( e. g., milkweed and larkspur ) ; others include the dry fruits of the poppy, snapdragon, lily, and mustard. indehiscent fruits include the single - seeded achene of the buttercup and the composite flowers ; the caryopsis ( grain ) ; the nut ( e. g., acorn and hazelnut ) ; and the fruits of the carrot and parsnip ( not to be confused with their edible fleshy roots ). an aggregate fruit ( e. g., blackberry and raspberry ) consists of a mass of small drupes ( drupelets ), each of which developed from a separate ovary of a single flower. a multiple fruit ( e. g., pineapple and mulberry ) develops from the ovaries of many flowers growing in a cluster. accessory fruits contain tissue derived from plant parts other than the ovary ; the strawberry is actually a number of tiny achenes ( miscalled seeds ) outside a central pulpy pith that is the enlarged receptacle or base of the flower. the core of the pineapple is also recept


the ovary ; the strawberry is actually a number of tiny achenes ( miscalled seeds ) outside a central pulpy pith that is the enlarged receptacle or base of the flower. the core of the pineapple is also receptacle ( stem ) tissue. the best - known accessory fruit is the pome ( e. g., apple and pear ), in which the fleshy edible portion is swollen stem tissue and the true fruit is the central core. the skin of the banana is also stem tissue, as is the rind of the pepo ( berrylike fruit ) of the squash, cucumber, and melon. the structure of a fruit often facilitates the dispersal of its seeds. the " wings " of the maple, elm, and ailanthus fruits and the " parachutes " of the dandelion and the thistle are blown by the wind ; burdock, cocklebur, and carrot fruits have barbs or hooks that cling to fur and clothing ; and the buoyant coconut may float thousands of miles from its parent tree. some fruits ( e. g., witch hazel and violet ) explode at maturity, scattering their seeds. a common method of dispersion is through the feces of animals that eat fleshy fruits containing seeds covered by indigestible coats. fruit in which the outer layer is a thin skin, the middle layer is thick and usually fleshy ( though sometimes tough, as in the almond, or fibrous, as in the coconut ), and the inner layer ( the pit ) is hard and stony. within the pit is usually one seed. in aggregate fruits such as the raspberry and blackberry ( which are not true berries ), many small drupes are clumped together. other representative drupes are the cherry, peach, mango, olive, and walnut. learn more about drupe with a free trial on britannica. com. edible fruit of the vine actinidia chinensis ( family actinidiaceae ), native to mainland china and the island of taiwan and grown commercially in new zealand and california. it became popular in the nouvelle cuisine of the 1970s. it has a slightly acid taste and is high in vitamin c. kiwi can be eaten raw or cooked, and the juice is sometimes used as a meat tenderizer. learn more about kiwi fruit with a free trial on britannica. com. organic compound, one of the simple sugars ( monosaccharides


be eaten raw or cooked, and the juice is sometimes used as a meat tenderizer. learn more about kiwi fruit with a free trial on britannica. com. organic compound, one of the simple sugars ( monosaccharides ), chemical formula c6h12o6. it occurs in fruits, honey, syrups ( especially corn syrup ), and certain vegetables, usually along with its isomer glucose. fructose and glucose are the components of the disaccharide sucrose ( table sugar ) ; hydrolysis of sucrose yields invert sugar, a 50 : 50 mixture of fructose and glucose. the sweetest of the common sugars, fructose is used in foods and medicines. learn more about fructose with a free trial on britannica. com. fruit fly ( trypetidae ) learn more about fruit fly with a free trial on britannica. com. any of numerous tropical old world bats in the family pteropodidae as well as several species of herbivorous new world bats. old world fruit bats are widely distributed from africa to south asia and australasia. most species rely on vision rather than on echolocation to avoid obstacles. some species are solitary, some gregarious ; most roost in the open in trees, though some inhabit caves, rocks, or buildings. some are red or yellow, and some are striped or spotted. they eat fruit or flowers ( including pollen and nectar ). the smallest species in the family, the long - tongued fruit bats, reach a head and body length of about 2. 5 in. ( 6 – 7 cm ) and a wingspan of about 10 in. ( 25 cm ). the same family contains the largest of all bats, the flying foxes, which attain lengths up to 16 in. ( 40 cm ) and a wingspan of 5 ft ( 1. 5 m ). new world fruit bats are generally smaller and make use of echolocation. they are found in the tropics, with many species belonging to the genera artibeus and sturnira. learn more about fruit bat with a free trial on britannica. com. in its strict botanical sense, the fleshy or dry ripened ovary ( enlarged portion of the pistil ) of a flowering plant, enclosing the seed or seeds. apricots, bananas, and grapes, as well as bean pods, corn grains, tomatoes, cucumbers, and ( in their


( enlarged portion of the pistil ) of a flowering plant, enclosing the seed or seeds. apricots, bananas, and grapes, as well as bean pods, corn grains, tomatoes, cucumbers, and ( in their shells ) acorns and almonds, are all technically fruits. popularly, the term is restricted to the ripened ovaries that are sweet and either succulent or pulpy. the principal botanical purpose of the fruit is to protect and spread the seed. there are two broad categories of fruit : fleshy and dry. fleshy fruits include berries, such as tomatoes, oranges, and cherries, which consist entirely of succulent tissue ; aggregate fruits, including blackberries and strawberries, which form from a single flower with many pistils, each of which develops into fruitlets ; and multiple fruits, such as pineapples and mulberries, which develop from the mature ovaries of an entire inflorescence. dry fruits include the legumes, cereal grains, capsules, and nuts. fruits are important sources of dietary fiber and vitamins ( especially vitamin c ). they can be eaten fresh ; processed into juices, jams, and jellies ; or preserved by dehydration, canning, fermentation, and pickling. learn more about fruit with a free trial on britannica. com. fruit fly ( ceratitis capitata ) proven to be particularly destructive to citrus crops, at great economic cost. the med fly lays up to 500 eggs in citrus fruits ( except lemons and sour limes ), and the larvae tunnel into the fruit, making it unfit for human consumption. because of this pest, quarantine laws regulating fruit importation have been enacted worldwide. learn more about mediterranean fruit fly with a free trial on britannica. com. the term fruit has different meanings dependent on context, and the term is not synonymous in food preparation and biology. in botany, which is the scientific study of plants, fruits are the ripened ovaries of flowering plants. in many plant species, the fruit includes the ripened ovary and surrounding tissues. fruits are the means by which flowering plants disseminate seeds, and the presence of seeds indicates that a structure is most likely a fruit, though not all seeds come from fruits. no single terminology really fits the enormous variety that is found among plant fruits. the term ' false fruit ' ( pseudocarp, accessory fruit ) is sometimes applied


indicates that a structure is most likely a fruit, though not all seeds come from fruits. no single terminology really fits the enormous variety that is found among plant fruits. the term ' false fruit ' ( pseudocarp, accessory fruit ) is sometimes applied to a fruit like the fig ( a multiple - accessory fruit ; see below ) or to a plant structure that resembles a fruit but is not derived from a flower or flowers. some gymnosperms, such as yew, have fleshy arils that resemble fruits and some junipers have berry - like, fleshy cones. the term " fruit " has also been inaccurately applied to the seed - containing female cones of many conifers. a fruit is a ripened ovary. inside the ovary is one or more ovules ( eggs ). the ovules are fertilized in a process that starts with pollination, which is the movement of pollen from the stamens to the stigma of flowers. after pollination, a tube grows from the pollen through the stigma into the ovary to the ovule and sperm are transferred from the pollen to the ovule, when the sperm enters the nucleus of the ovule and the endosperm mother cell, the fertilization process is completed. as the developing seeds mature, the ovary begins to ripen. the ovules develop into seeds and the ovary wall, the pericarp, may become fleshy ( as in berries or drupes ), or form a hard outer covering ( as in nuts ). in some cases, the sepals, petals and / or stamens and style of the flower fall off. fruit development continues until the seeds have matured. in some multiseeded fruits, the extent to which the flesh develops is proportional to the number of fertilized ovules. the wall of the fruit, developed from the ovary wall of the flower, is called the pericarp. the pericarp is often differentiated into two or three distinct layers called the exocarp ( outer layer - also called epicarp ), mesocarp ( middle layer ), and endocarp ( inner layer ). in some fruits, especially simple fruits derived from an inferior ovary, other parts of the flower ( such as the floral tube, including the petals, sepals, and stamens ), fuse with the ovary and ripen with it. the plant hormone ethylene causes ripening. when such


they are not. in the photograph on the right, stages of flowering and fruit development in the noni or indian mulberry ( morinda citrifolia ) can be observed on a single branch. first an inflorescence of white flowers called a head is produced. after fertilization, each flower develops into a drupe, and as the drupes expand, they become connate ( merge ) into a multiple fleshy fruit called a syncarpet. there are also many dry multiple fruits, e. g. | true berry | | pepo | | hesperidium | | false berry ( epigynous ) | | aggregate fruit | | multiple fruit | | other accessory fruit | | blackcurrant, redcurrant, gooseberry, tomato, eggplant, guava, lucuma, chili pepper, pomegranate, avocado, kiwifruit, grape, | | pumpkin, gourd, cucumber, melon | | orange, lemon, lime, grapefruit | | banana, cranberry, blueberry | | blackberry, raspberry, boysenberry, hedge apple | | pineapple, fig, mulberry | | apple, apricot, peach, cherry, green bean, sunflower seed, strawberry | seedlessness is an important feature of some fruits of commerce. commercial cultivars of bananas and pineapples are examples of seedless fruits. some cultivars of citrus fruits ( especially navel oranges and mandarin oranges ), table grapes, grapefruit, and watermelons are valued for their seedlessness. in some species, seedlessness is the result of parthenocarpy, where fruits set without fertilization. parthenocarpic fruit set may or may not require pollination. most seedless citrus fruits require a pollination stimulus ; bananas and pineapples do not. seedlessness in table grapes results from the abortion of the embryonic plant that is produced by fertilization, a phenomenon known as stenospermocarpy which requires normal pollination and fertilization. some fruits have coats covered with spikes or hooked burrs, either to prevent themselves from being eaten by animals or to stick to the hairs, feathers or legs of animals, using them as dispersal agents. examples include cocklebur and unicorn plant. the sweet flesh of many fruits is " deliberately " appealing to animals, so that the seeds held within are eaten and " unwitting


, feathers or legs of animals, using them as dispersal agents. examples include cocklebur and unicorn plant. the sweet flesh of many fruits is " deliberately " appealing to animals, so that the seeds held within are eaten and " unwittingly " carried away and deposited at a distance from the parent. likewise, the nutritious, oily kernels of nuts are appealing to rodents ( such as squirrels ) who hoard them in the soil in order to avoid starving during the winter, thus giving those seeds that remain uneaten the chance to germinate and grow into a new plant away from their parent. other fruits are elongated and flattened out naturally and so become thin, like wings or helicopter blades, e. g. maple, tuliptree and elm. this is an evolutionary mechanism to increase dispersal distance away from the parent via wind. other wind - dispersed fruit have tiny parachutes, e. g. dandelion and salsify. many hundreds of fruits, including fleshy fruits like apple, peach, pear, kiwifruit, watermelon and mango are commercially valuable as human food, eaten both fresh and as jams, marmalade and other preserves. fruits are also in manufactured foods like cookies, muffins, yoghurt, ice cream, cakes, and many more. many fruits are used to make beverages, such as fruit juices ( orange juice, apple juice, grape juice, etc ) or alcoholic beverages, such as wine or brandy. apples are often used to make vinegar. many vegetables are botanical fruits, including tomato, bell pepper, eggplant, okra, squash, pumpkin, green bean, cucumber and zucchini. olive fruit is pressed for olive oil. spices like vanilla, paprika, allspice and black pepper are derived from berries. fruits of opium poppy are the source of the drugs opium and morphine. osage orange fruits are used to repel cockroaches. bayberry fruits provide a wax often used to make candles. many fruits provide natural dyes, e. g. walnut, sumac, cherry and mulberry. dried gourds are used as decorations, water jugs, bird houses, musical instruments, cups and dishes. pumpkins are carved into jack - o ' - lanterns for halloween. the spiny fruit of burdock or cocklebur were the inspiration for the invention of velcro. coir is a fibre from the fruit of coconut that is used for


are carved into jack - o ' - lanterns for halloween. the spiny fruit of burdock or cocklebur were the inspiration for the invention of velcro. coir is a fibre from the fruit of coconut that is used for doormats, brushes, mattresses, floortiles, sacking, insulation and as a growing medium for container plants. the shell of the coconut fruit is used to make souvenir heads, cups, bowls, musical instruments and bird houses. | country | | production ( int $ 1000 ) | | footnote | | production ( mt ) | | footnote | | no symbol = official figure, f = fao estimate, * = unofficial figure, c = calculated figure ; | production in int $ 1000 have been calculated based on 1999 - 2001 international prices source : food and agricultural organization of united nations : economic and social department : the statistical division | country | | production ( int $ 1000 ) | | footnote | | production ( mt ) | | footnote | | no symbol = official figure, f = fao estimate, * = unofficial figure, c = calculated figure ; | production in int $ 1000 have been calculated based on 1999 - 2001 international prices source : and agricultural organization of united nations : economic and social department : the statistical division fruit snacks harvest bountiful sales : nutritional claims, flavor, form and popular licensing tie - ins have propelled fruit snack sales. ( special report : fruit snack report ). sep 01, 2002 ; fruit snacks are in demand among kids and adults, suppliers say, based on product claims of convenience, nutrition and...


uqalurait : an oral history of nunavut. compiled and edited by john bennett and susan rowley. mcgill - queen ' s university press, 2004. reviewed by lawrence millman the inuit once had a use for literally everything in their immediate environment. i ' ve heard elders talk about using a decoction of dog urine to cure a persistent cough, the skins of mice as a cure for boils, and the deposits at the bottom of a kudliq lamp as a cure for vomiting. likewise, i ' ve seen inuit scrape the intestine of a walrus until it ' s more or less translucent, and then use it as a window - pane in an iglu. for better or worse, white man ' s material culture is now the material culture of choice for the inuit. thus if an inuk develops a bad cough nowadays, he ' ll reach for the robitussin rather than the dog urine. what survives is oral lore, albeit oral lore transmitted to books rather than to the indifferent sensibilities of younger inuit. uqalurait : an oral history of nunavut uses quotes from some three hundred elders to document inuit traditional knowledge. touching on everything from pregnancy taboos to starvation cuisine, from star lore to food sharing lore, and from skin preparation to sledge building, it is by far the most comprehensive compilation of inuit oral lore ever put together. indeed, there ' s scarcely an aspect of inuit life that it doesn ' t seem to cover. still, this isn ' t the definitive book that many of us had hoped for. the annotations provided by the editors are at best sketchy and at worst non - existent. consider simon taipana ' s description of an event in the coppermine region : a group of marauding dene descend on an inuit camp and kill all but one person. could this be the " bloody falls massacre " that samuel hearne made famous? the editors do not offer an answer. nor do they say anything about the tunit, who may or may not have been the dorset people, although there ' s a whole chapter of tunit stories in the book. even worse, there ' s an entire region - - sanikiluaq ( the belcher islands ) - - that ' s neither mentioned or shown on any of the book ' s maps. for a volume that purports to be all - inclusive, this is unforgivable, especially since that region ' s inhabitants, the qikitarm


plan an event museum & science center plan a visit scout info / registration classes & workshops departments & staff cumming nature center museum & planetarium cumming nature center rmsc programs at your school become a member about the museum location and map museum & science center howard wilson coles for nearly a century ( 1903 – 1996 ), howard wilson coles studied and recorded our culture, and was an outspoken conscience of the community. a man who acted not for personal gain, but for causes he believed were right and just, coles both chronicled and shaped us. yet unlike his hero, frederick douglass, his name is not well known to many today. coles sprang from the tradition of rochester inventors personified by industrialists like george eastman, edward bausch and joseph wilson ( a personal friend ), and social reformers susan b. anthony and frederick douglass. born in a time characterized by pervasive prejudice and discrimination toward african americans, coles envisioned a future with equal opportunities for all, and then dedicated his life to making that vision a reality. coles accomplished a great deal in his 93 years. his record of achievements includes : groundbreaking print and broadcast journalist howard coles founded and then for more than 60 years published the frederick douglass voice newspaper ( 1934 - 1996 ), giving voice to the concerns and interests of rochester ' s african americans. it became the longest continuously published african - american newspaper in rochester history. in 1938, wsay hired coles as rochester ' s first african - american radio announcer. he opened doors for other african americans into the field of broadcast journalism. historian and author decades ahead of his time, coles realized how important and empowering it was for african americans to have accurate knowledge of their cultural heritage. in 1941, he wrote and published the cradle of freedom, a scholarly history of african americans in western new york. he later wrote an unpublished second volume, the negro family in rochester. an expert on the life and writings of frederick douglass, coles re - established rochester ' s annual douglass day celebrations and added a negro exposition of progress. in 1939, coles produced the first survey of african - american housing conditions in the state. after the depression of the 1930s, coles surveyed local african americans to learn how they had fared. he produced the city directory of negro business and progress, 1939 - 40, and showed that despite setbacks, progress continued to be made. after investigating and reporting problems, coles became an agent for change. he became a real estate agent and helped buyers get loans from


directory of negro business and progress, 1939 - 40, and showed that despite setbacks, progress continued to be made. after investigating and reporting problems, coles became an agent for change. he became a real estate agent and helped buyers get loans from local banks where they had been discriminated against. he was particularly successful in improving the substandard housing conditions imposed on many african americans in the city and in area migrant farm camps. he ran for public office to " plant the seeds of the idea that these sorts of things weren ' t unattainable even to blacks. " he called upon african americans to patronize black - owned businesses and african - american professionals. coles said he never passed up an opportunity to " spread the word, " and he was a frequent and eloquent public speaker. following the rochester riots of 1964, coles helped organize the fight ( freedom, integration, god, honor, today ) organization and draft its constitution. he also helped establish action for a better community, an antipoverty agency, to serve rochester and monroe county. howard coles served as the first local president of both the national negro congress and the national association for the advancement of colored people. coles ' career as a trailblazer did not yield monetary rewards nor make his name a household word. yet those who knew his work expressed their appreciation with heartfelt testimonials and, toward the end of his life, official recognition. he was on a first - name basis with presidents roosevelt, johnson and nixon. he received numerous awards and honors, including nomination for the naacp spingarn medal which recognizes the highest achievement by an african american. coles had a long relationship with the rmsc as a consulting historian. he was awarded status as an rmsc fellow in local history in 1988. the 1996 rmsc publication, images : " afro - rochester " 1910 - 1935 is dedicated to him. coles coined the phrase " afro - rochester " in the 1930s. in 1996, the new york state division of human rights awarded coles the loftus c. carson human rights award for dedication to the advancement of human rights. rochester ' s mayor william johnson, 10 ministers and his granddaughter, shelaine lockhart peters, eloquently eulogized howard coles during the funeral ceremony at mt. olivet baptist church, december 16, 1996. rev. leardrew johnson quoted a powerful scripture to encapsulate the feelings of all who knew mr. coles and his work when he proclaimed :


so this gets complicated. here is a good link explaining some of the differences between rating systems. par watts is a good way of measuring how much radiative energy is being produced in the relevant wavelengths per plant. you can figure it by taking the raw bulb spectrum and weighting it by the par plot i linked above. the problem with this is that the response from a plant from a high vs. low energy photon ( for example, blue vs. red ) is often the same. the reason this is so is because a fixed energy input is required for a particular chemical process to occur, and all excess energy is wasted, converted into heat, luminescence, or other modes of energy. an analogy would be me vs. fdd or browndirtwarrior stepping up to that thing at the carnival where you hit the target with the hammer, and it runs up the pole toward the bell. say the bell is low enough that i can hit it. then it doesn ' t matter if fdd or bdw can hit the target harder - we all make the bell ding - and the fact that they hit it harder might make the bell ring louder or the thing come harder back down the pole. all that matters in the end is that the bell dinged. i am red light, and the other two are, say, blue light. the reason that this skews par watts is that watts is a unit based on energy. so, if we look at the par based on quantum efficiency ( % absorbed / used photons vs. photons striking the plant ), the white line here, and find that i ' m 680nm ( red ), the others are 440nm ( blue ), but that we have the same quantum efficiency, what does that mean? it means that we induce the same average number of chemical reactions per photon, or dings per swing in our analogy. when you calculate par watts, however, it tells a different story. since light ' s energy is inversely proportional to wavelength, the blue light has more energy. to be precise, it is in our case 680 / 440 = 1. 54 x as much energy as the red light. this means that when computing par watts, the blue photon counts 1. 5x as much as the red one, despite the fact that they induce the same reaction. by looking at the par plot, however, you can see that most red light is roughly 2x as efficient, so this is partially compensated for. these differences,


as much as the red one, despite the fact that they induce the same reaction. by looking at the par plot, however, you can see that most red light is roughly 2x as efficient, so this is partially compensated for. these differences, however, have led others to compute the meaningful radiation in terms of pff - photosynthetic photon flux - the number of photons that are meaningful. this eliminates the aforementioned efficiency complications. anyway, it ' s complicated, but par watts are not an altogether bad way to measure the amount of meaningful light. i ' ll convert those spectra to par watts if i get around to it... or blazed enough. the one really useful thing pur can account for, however, is that some plants max out in certain energies. so even if green has 10 % efficiency, a plant can only use so much of it per unit area and then it doesn ' t give a crap. otherwise, you could just load up on a billion green lights and still grow great pot. until pur spectra are available for cannabis, it ' s not practically useful. in addition, this method of rating lights was introduced back in 78 in one research paper. if i had a dollar for every scientist in my field who wanted to reformulate their own definition for the problem they ' re addressing - complete with their own fancy acronym that they ' d like to see catch on - i " d have a secretary typing this for me. for the most part, i ' m finding that it ' s used by the government for development of leds ( as reported by the commercial vendor below ), but being championed by the company that makes purple bulbs. besides that, there really isn ' t much information on it at all. no wiki = no cookie. i think that with the basics and common sense - don ' t try to overcome spectral limitations with raw power - par ' s about as good as pur. this question cannot be answered meaningfully without more information - how big, what kind of growth you want... why you would only grow one plant? i would assume when someone says ' the least ' they are concerned about spending a few bucks on light. i cannot really identify with that being my primary concern, as opposed to, say, rate and quality of plant growth.


the california nitrogen assessment team visits dairies turlock, ca dairies share knowledge, experience. california dairies have a lot of cows. therefore, they also have a lot of cow urine and feces to deal with. how this nitrogen - rich waste is managed can have a lot of impacts on how nitrogen moves around and through the dairy. there are general principles to manure management, but on - dairy specifics may vary. members of the california nitrogen assessment team visited two large dairies in turlock, calif., to learn more about how those dairies, and dairymen generally, are managing their manure. most dairies use their waste as a source of fertilizer for the corn they grow to feed their cows, and sometimes as fertilizer for other crops like almonds. it ' s a closed - loop cycle in theory, but there are leakages of nitrogen at points in the cycle, and these leakages are the source of many of the environmental and health impacts of nitrogen. by talking with dairy producers about how they handle the flows of manure on their farm the california nitrogen assessment team will be able to provide a fuller picture of the best practices and technologies for nutrient management on dairies. we also spoke with dairy producers about the dairy general order, which requires them to implement specific tracking mechanisms about how much nitrogen they are applying to field, and, by 2012, will require them to use a apply a specific amount of nitrogen to the fields of crops they are raising around their dairies. the california nitrogen assessment team plans to visit more producers of various california crops this fall. go to our stakeholders page to see a map of where we have visited so far. we posted a bunch of photos from our dairy trip on facebook. check them out!


feb. 9, 2010 the benefits of marijuana in tempering or reversing the effects of alzheimer ' s disease have been challenged in a new study by researchers at the university of british columbia and vancouver coastal health research institute. the findings, published in the current issue of the journal current alzheimer research, could lower expectations about the benefits of medical marijuana in combating various cognitive diseases and help redirect future research to more promising therapeutics. previous studies using animal models showed that hu210, a synthetic form of the compounds found in marijuana, reduced the toxicity of plaques and promoted the growth of new neurons. those studies used rats carrying amyloid protein, the toxin that forms plaques in the brains of alzheimer ' s victims. the new study, led by dr. weihong song, canada research chair in alzheimer ' s disease and a professor of psychiatry in the ubc faculty of medicine, was the first to test those findings using mice carrying human genetic mutations that cause alzheimer ' s disease - - widely considered to be a more accurate model for the disease in humans. " as scientists, we begin every study hoping to be able to confirm beneficial effects of potential therapies, and we hoped to confirm this for the use of medical marijuana in treating alzheimer ' s disease, " says song, a member of the brain research centre at ubc and vch research institute and director of townsend family laboratories at ubc. " but we didn ' t see any benefit at all. instead, our study pointed to some detrimental effects. " over a period of several weeks, some of the alzheimer ' s - afflicted mice were given varying doses of hu210 - - also known as cannabinoids - - which is 100 to 800 times more potent than the marijuana compounds. their memory was then tested. the mice treated with hu210 did no better than untreated mice, with those given low doses of hu210 performing the worst. the researchers also found that hu210 - treated mice had just as much plaque formation and the same density of neurons as the control group. the group given higher doses actually had fewer brain cells. " our study shows that hu210 has no biological or behavioural effect on the established alzheimer ' s disease model, " says song, the jack brown and family professor and chair in alzheimer ' s disease. " more studies should be done before we place much hope in marijuana ' s benefits for alzheimer ' s patients. " alzheimer ' s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive deterioration


dec. 19, 2012 an international team of astronomers led by the university of hertfordshire has discovered that tau ceti, one of the closest and most sun - like stars, may host five planets - - with one in the star ' s habitable zone. at a distance of twelve light years and visible with the naked eye in the evening sky, tau ceti is the closest single star that has the same spectral classification as our sun. its five planets are estimated to have masses between two and six times the mass of earth - - making it the lowest - mass planetary system yet detected. one of the planets lies in the habitable zone of the star and has a mass around five times that of earth, making it the smallest planet found to be orbiting in the habitable zone of any sun - like star. the international team of astronomers, from the uk, chile, the usa, and australia, combined more than six - thousand observations from three different instruments and intensively modelled the data. using new techniques, the team has found a method to detect signals half the size previously thought possible. this greatly improves the sensitivity of searches for small planets and suggests that tau ceti is not a lone star but has a planetary system. mikko tuomi, from the university of hertfordshire and the first author of the paper, said : " we pioneered new data modelling techniques by adding artificial signals to the data and testing our recovery of the signals with a variety of different approaches. this significantly improved our noise modelling techniques and increased our ability to find low mass planets. " " we chose tau ceti for this noise modelling study because we had thought it contained no signals. and as it is so bright and similar to our sun it is an ideal benchmark system to test out our methods for the detection of small planets, " commented hugh jones from the university of hertfordshire. james jenkins, universidad de chile and visiting fellow at the university of hertfordshire, explained : " tau ceti is one of our nearest cosmic neighbours and so bright that we may be able to study the atmospheres of these planets in the not too distant future. planetary systems found around nearby stars close to our sun indicate that these systems are common in our milky way galaxy. " over 800 planets have been discovered orbiting other worlds, but planets in orbit around the nearest sun - like stars are particularly valuable. steve vogt from university of california santa cruz said : " this discovery is in keeping with our emerging view that virtually every star has planets, and that the galaxy must have many such potentially habitable earth - sized


sun - like stars are particularly valuable. steve vogt from university of california santa cruz said : " this discovery is in keeping with our emerging view that virtually every star has planets, and that the galaxy must have many such potentially habitable earth - sized planets. they are everywhere, even right next door! we are now beginning to understand that nature seems to overwhelmingly prefer systems that have a multiple planets with orbits of less than one hundred days. this is quite unlike our own solar system where there is nothing with an orbit inside that of mercury. so our solar system is, in some sense, a bit of a freak and not the most typical kind of system that nature cooks up. " " as we stare the night sky, it is worth contemplating that there may well be more planets out there than there are stars … some fraction of which may well be habitable, " remarked chris tinney from the university of new south wales. other social bookmarking and sharing tools : note : materials may be edited for content and length. for further information, please contact the source cited above. - m. tuomi, h. r. a. jones, j. s. jenkins, c. g. tinney, r. p. butler, s. s. vogt, j. r. barnes, r. a. wittenmyer, s. o ' toole, j. horner, j. bailey, b. d. carter, d. j. wright, g. s. salter, d. pinfield. signals embedded in the radial velocity noise. periodic variations in the tau ceti velocities. astronomy & astrophysics, 2012 ; doi : 10. 1051 / 0004 - 6361 / 201220509 note : if no author is given, the source is cited instead.


feb. 19, 2013 species facing widespread and rapid environmental changes can sometimes evolve quickly enough to dodge the extinction bullet. populations of disease - causing bacteria evolve, for example, as doctors flood their " environment, " the human body, with antibiotics. insects, animals and plants can make evolutionary adaptations in response to pesticides, heavy metals and overfishing. previous studies have shown that the more gradual the change, the better the chances for " evolutionary rescue " - - the process of mutations occurring fast enough to allow a population to avoid extinction in changing environments. one obvious reason is that more individuals remain alive when change is gradual or moderate, meaning there are more opportunities for a winning mutation to emerge. now university of washington biologists using populations of microorganisms have shed light for the first time on a second reason. they found that the mutation that wins the race in the harshest environment is often dependent on a " relay team " of other mutations that came before, mutations that emerge only as conditions worsen at gradual and moderate rates. without the winners from those first " legs " of the survival race, it ' s unlikely there will even be a runner in the anchor position when conditions become extreme. " that ' s a problem given the number of factors on the planet being changed with unprecedented rapidity under the banner of climate change and other human - caused changes, " said benjamin kerr, uw assistant professor of biology. kerr is corresponding author of a paper in the advance online edition of nature the week of feb. 9. unless a species can relocate or its members already have a bit of flexibility to alter their behavior or physiology, the only option is to evolve or die in the face of challenging environmental conditions, said lead author haley lindsey of seattle, a former lab member. other co - authors are jenna gallie, now with eth zurich, the swiss federal institute of technology, and susan taylor of seattle. the species studied was escherichia coli, or e. coli, a bacterium commonly found in the lower intestine and harmless except for certain strains that cause food - poisoning sickness and death in humans. the uw researchers evolved hundreds of populations of e. coli under environments made ever more stressful by the addition of an antibiotic that cripples and kills the bacterium. the antibiotic was ramped up at gradual, moderate and rapid rates. mutations at known genes confer protection to the drug. researchers examined these genes in surviving populations from gradual - and moderate - rate environments, and found multiple mutations. using genetic engineering


the antibiotic was ramped up at gradual, moderate and rapid rates. mutations at known genes confer protection to the drug. researchers examined these genes in surviving populations from gradual - and moderate - rate environments, and found multiple mutations. using genetic engineering, the scientists pulled out each mutation to see what protectiveness it provided on its own. they found some were only advantageous at the lower concentration of the drug and unable to save the population at the highest concentrations. but those mutations " predispose the lineage to gain other mutations that allow it to escape extinction at high stress, " the authors wrote. " that two - step path leading to the double mutant is not available if a population is immersed abruptly into the high - concentration environment, " kerr said. for populations in that situation, there were only single mutations that gave protection against the antibiotic. " the rate of environmental deterioration can qualitatively affect evolutionary trajectories, " the authors wrote. " in our system, we find that rapid environmental change closes off paths that are accessible under gradual change. " the work was funded by the national science foundation, including money through the consortium known as the beacon center for the study of evolution in action, and uw royalty research funds. the findings have implications for those concerned about antibiotic - resistant organisms as well as those considering the effects of climate and global change, kerr said. for instance, antibiotics found at very low concentrations in industrial and agricultural waste run - off might be evolutionarily priming bacterial populations to become drug resistant even at high doses. as for populations threatened by human - caused climate change, " our study does suggest that there is genuine reason to worry about unusually high rates of environmental change, " the authors wrote. " as the rate of environmental deterioration increases, there can be pronounced increases in the rate of extinction. " other social bookmarking and sharing tools : - haley a. lindsey, jenna gallie, susan taylor, benjamin kerr. evolutionary rescue from extinction is contingent on a lower rate of environmental change. nature, 2013 ; doi : 10. 1038 / nature11879 note : if no author is given, the source is cited instead.


to decipher the code of autism, researchers are also looking outside of the asd patient community to other developmental and social disorders. one of the few rare mutations that cropped up in some autistic children in the studies were extra copies of 7q11. 23 ( shorthand for denoting the positions, or loci, of the genes on the chromosome — in this case on the long arm, or " q, " of chromosome 7 ). as several of the research teams pointed out, deletion of this region has been implicated in williams - beuren syndrome ( wbs ), a disease that tends to make people especially gregarious, empathetic and social. " there ' s clearly something in that small region — of 25 or so genes — that ' s having a significant impact of social interactions, " state says. " within that relatively very small region in the genome there are going to be keys to studying neurology and social development. " mutations at other regions of the genome did crop up more than once in the study group. and a copy error at 7q11. 23 or other loci did not necessarily translate into similar levels of iq or developmental disability in different patients. hence, factors other than errors at these loci must also be playing a role in the manifestation of asd. rather than wait for additional genome scans to turn up more potential mutations, however, many research teams are already creating models of how these mutations might impact neurological development. although such model building might seem premature given the ever - changing genetic terrain of the disease, " having a way to begin to interrelate them might actually help to study them, " says huda zoghbi, of the department of molecular and human genetics of baylor college of medicine, who co - authored an analysis of the three neuron studies published online today. so rather than get mired in finding each possible gene, she says, it makes sense to " go back and forth between the genetics and the functional studies. " finding the function — and dysfunction vitkup and his team conducted just such a functional, model - based approach. their paper, published online in the same issue of neuron, looked closely at the location and likely effects of the mutations among families that have only one asd child. by figuring out which genes communicate with each other, he says, you can " see if mutations try to disrupt genes that are next to each other, " and thus what common pathway different mutations might be messing up. he


only one asd child. by figuring out which genes communicate with each other, he says, you can " see if mutations try to disrupt genes that are next to each other, " and thus what common pathway different mutations might be messing up. he likens it to a hunt for a criminal that might be committing robberies in different states but with the same modus operandi, perhaps choosing similar targets each time. with a little computer - assisted detective work he and his team found one cluster of pathways that many of the errant genes seemed to be interrupting. and it turned out to be a crucial cluster, involved in synaptic development and the movement of neurons in the young, developing brain. as neurons branch out to form connections, if some pathways are disrupted, the connections can become abnormal. in a sample of about a dozen cases, vitkup says, most of the patients had disruptions that would encourage an overabundance of particular neuronal connections. such a pattern provides evidence for the excess of connections in autistic children producing the opposite behavior pattern from wbs, whose patients have fewer than normal connections. but, he says, the jump from genetic mutations to social skills is difficult. nevertheless, that mutations implicated in asd would be linked to this sort of neuronal network " is logical by the phenotype, " vitkup says. and for future studies and diagnoses, he says, it " can help because we can now look to see if there is a new mutation somewhere in the genome and we can see how close — or how related — the new mutation is to our cluster. " he and his team currently have several dozen genes mapped into their network, but he expects the list to grow to as many as 500 in the next few years as more individuals with asd are included in these studies and as sequencing technology improves. and there might well turn out to be other key clusters of pathways that are discovered, which will have an entirely different list of implicated genetic mutations, vitkup says. zoghbi and her team, whose work published online june 8 in science translational medicine, have gone through much of the same data to find patterns in the types of proteins that these rare mutations might be affecting. a new genetic mutation can change the way proteins are made — they might be made incorrectly, too often or not at all. " this can have a domino effect on many other proteins that could affect how a neuron talks to another neuron, " z


light work : eight lasers constructed from inexpensive silicon reside in this chip made by intel. the coherent light beams could lead to ultrafast computer circuitry that transmits data optically. image : paul sakuma ap photo scientists have long sought to build lasers from silicon. such an advance would enable engineers to incorporate both electronic and optical devices onto cheap silicon chips rather than being compelled to employ costly - to - make lasers based on " exotic " semiconductor materials such as gallium arsenide or indium phosphide. silicon lasers could lead to affordable light - based systems that harness photons instead of electrons to shuttle huge amounts of data swiftly - - at multigigabit - per - second rates. two research groups, one at the university of california at los angeles and the other at intel corporation, have recently reported success in making silicon emit continuous laser light. this much anticipated feat came despite silicon ' s dogged resistance to serving as a lasing medium. in a good lasing material, electrons that are pumped up with energy release that energy in the form of coherent photons of light. in silicon, however, excited electrons are more likely to vibrate, thus generating heat instead. " there have been many attempts, but no one had been able to get silicon to lase before now, " notes bahram jalali, the physicist who led the u. c. l. a. team. jalali and his group solved the problem last fall by making clever use of some of the very vibrations that undermined silicon ' s suitability for lasers in the first place. in particular, they focused on the raman effect, a process in which the wavelength of light lengthens after it scatters off atomic vibrations. the u. c. l. a. researchers matched the scattered light with the pump energy from another laser in a way that created constructive feedback, resulting in a net amplification of light. intel reported its own success in creating a silicon raman laser several months afterward. the chipmaker ' s scientists fed light from a separate laser into a waveguide ( or light pipe ) - - basically an s - shaped ridge the engineers sculpted onto a 15 - millimeter - square silicon chip - - and raman laser light emerged. naturally, the task was not that easy. the power of a silicon raman laser typically hits a limit as photons sporadically collide with silicon atoms and release free electrons. " unfortunately, the free electron cloud absorbs and scatters light, so you


task was not that easy. the power of a silicon raman laser typically hits a limit as photons sporadically collide with silicon atoms and release free electrons. " unfortunately, the free electron cloud absorbs and scatters light, so you get diminishing returns as you pump the device harder, " explains mario paniccia, director of intel ' s photonics technology laboratory. the team therefore positioned two electrodes on either side of the waveguide, forming a kind of diode. " placing a voltage across the diode sucks the free electrons away like a vacuum cleaner, " he says, and thus keeps the light flowing through the chip. " this and related research should lead to many useful applications, " says philippe m. fauchet, an electrical and computer engineer at the university of rochester. a laser beam generated continuously through silicon could overcome cost and size limitations in lasers that could be used in surgical procedures, for example. the technology could also detect tiny amounts of chemicals in the environment, jam the sensors of heat - seeking missiles or enable high - bandwidth ( high - capacity ) optical communications. looking a bit farther afield, paniccia believes that the new laser technology could serve as a building block for high - bandwidth photonic devices constructed almost entirely of inexpensive silicon in existing semiconductor foundry and micromachining facilities. " we ' ve already developed the other necessary components of such a system, " including fast modulators ( optical encoders ), light guides and photodetectors, he notes. of course, many in the industry hope that this technology will eventually lead to fully optical computers - - superspeedy digital systems in which photons rather than electrons serve as 0s and 1s. paniccia is certainly optimistic about the recent progress : " this work constitutes not only a scientific breakthrough but also a psychological one, because nobody thought it could be done. "


anti - lock braking sensors the role of the abs is to control the wheel speed in order to prevent the wheels from locking and to assure a maximum braking force. this is of major importance when the runway is slippery or very short. wheel moment of inertia, rotational wheel speed, friction coefficient, wheel radius normal force per wheel friction force, aircraft speed figure 1b : are analogous to the above vehicle wheel shown. forces acting on a braked wheel are shown in fig1b. the abs commands the brake pressure as a function of the difference between the measured and the reference wheel speed. the latter is calculated from the measured aircraft speed and the desired wheel slips, using equation. at the moment, when the pilot pushes the brake pedal the brake pressure and the wheel slip increase provoking a ground force between tyre and runway. assuming the case of full braking, the abs will control the wheel speed to its reference value. to achieve a maximum braking force the reference slip should be chosen close to the optimum slip. however, when the pressure level in the brakes becomes too high, the wheel slip slides beyond the optimum of the adhesion curve and the system tyre / runway becomes instable. the slope of u ( s ) being negative, the wheel immediately starts to lock. in this case, the abs rapidly releases the brake pressure to force the wheel speed back to the stable side of the adhesion curve. in fact, this situation occurs, when either the desired slip s, has been chosen on the instable side of the friction characteristic, or when a sudden change in ground force is encountered ( e. g. a transition from a dry to a wet runway surface ). the principle problem in abs design is that the optimum slip and the exact shape of the adhesion characteristic depend on the runway surface and further parameters, which cannot be measured, such as the condition of the tyres or the dynamics of the normal forces. bearing in mind that the optimum slip value may vary between 3 % and 20 %, it is clear that the choice of the reference slip value is crucial for a safe and efficient abs. if it is too small the braking force might become insufficient, if it is too high, wheel lockup occurs. recently there has been a growing interest in intelligent control techniques for the design of aircraft and road vehicle antilock brake systems ( abs ). in particular, rule - based, fuzzy logic controllers have been applied to this problem and successfully tested in simulation. in fact, the use of non - linear, fuzzy control techniques appears to


of aircraft and road vehicle antilock brake systems ( abs ). in particular, rule - based, fuzzy logic controllers have been applied to this problem and successfully tested in simulation. in fact, the use of non - linear, fuzzy control techniques appears to be particularly appropriate for the abs control problem because of the high non - linearity of the system and the lack of a precise physical model of the friction force between tyre and runway. in addition to that, the controller must operate at an unstable equilibrium point to achieve an optimal braking performance. the most important problem in abs control design - fuzzy or conventional - is that the optimum adhesion coefficient varies significantly with the surface condition ( i. e. dry, wet, icy, etc. ) of the runway. because the latter is unknown, it is extremely difficult to define a controller that guaranties an optimal braking performance for all types of runway conditions. you may also like this : i - vtec, micro air vehicles, pistonless pump, multi air engine, six stroke engine, solar cars, thermo acoustic refrigeration, biodeisel, digital twin spark ignition, nano enabled coating makes aircraft invisible, automatic transmission in cars, nitro shock absorbers, hypercar, 3d machine vision systems, geothermal energy, cryogenic heat treatment, next generation 2 - stroke engine, microturbines, next generation engines, tidal energy, air craft hydraulic system, cruise missile technology, camless engine, automatic vehicle locator, autonomous car, solar energy through solar space stations, anti - lock braking sensors, air muscles, skybus technology, scramjet engine, pollution less engine, paper battery, nano ic engine, liquid nitrogen, gasoline direct injection, emulsified ethanol, direct injection diesel engine, vehicle dynamics, valvetronics, tidal power, hovercraft, infrared curing and convection curing, aeroplane propulsion system, running gearing, fuel energizer, gps and applications, selective laser sintering, agile manufacturing, cryocar, cylinder deactivation, mechanical seminar reports, ppt and pdf.


view full version : what ' s the difference between model and store? 1 sep 2012, 7 : 06 pm i ' m new to extjs. i wonder what the difference between model and store is. when to use model, and when to use store? i thought the model is the schema, and the store is the data itself. but it seems not a right concept... using sql terminology : a model is like a schema. an instance of a model ( record ) is like a row. a store is like a table. 2 sep 2012, 11 : 26 pm you have to see the store as a collection of data resulting from a specific query, while the model will be the definition of your data fields types 3 sep 2012, 12 : 39 am a model contains : associations - allowing you to associate other data stores with this model proxy - to get your data to - from localstorage or server can be used without a store for instance to load and save a form with a single record. a store contains : sorters - to sort your data filters - to sort your data group - ers - to group your data used for grids, xtemplate generated views, charts and other visualisations. * * note you can also put fields : and data : and proxy into a store and have it configured inline so no need for a model, but this is usually not used... why not go to the fast track course and get up to speed in a week! ; - ) powered by vbulletin® version 4. 1. 5 copyright © 2013 vbulletin solutions, inc. all rights reserved.


an atrial myxoma is a noncancerous tumor in the upper left or right side of the heart. it grows on the wall that separates the two sides of the heart. this wall is called the atrial septum. causes, incidence, and risk factors a myxoma is a primary heart ( cardiac ) tumor. this means that the tumor started within the heart. most heart tumors start somewhere else. primary cardiac tumors are rare. myxomas are the most common type of these rare tumors. about 75 % of myxomas occur in the left atrium of the heart, usually beginning in the wall that divides the two upper chambers of the heart. the rest are in the right atrium. right atrial myxomas are sometimes associated with tricuspid stenosis and atrial fibrillation. myxomas are more common in women. about 1 in 10 myxomas are passed down through families ( inherited ). such tumors are called familial myxomas. they tend to occur in more than one part of the heart at a time, and often cause symptoms at a younger age. symptoms may occur at any time, but most often they go along with a change in body position. the doctor or nurse will perform a physical exam and listen to your heart using a tool called a stethoscope. abnormal heart sounds or a murmur may be heard. these sounds may change when you change body position. surgery is needed to remove the tumor. some patients will also need their mitral valve replaced. this can be done during the same surgery. myxomas may come back if surgery did not remove all of the tumor cells. although a myxoma is not cancer, complications are common. untreated, a myxoma can lead to an embolism ( tumor cells breaking off and traveling with the bloodstream ), which can block blood flow or cause the tumor to grow in another part of the body. pieces of the tumor can move to the brain, eye, or limbs. if the tumor grows inside the heart, it can block blood flow. this may require emergency surgery to prevent sudden death. mcmanus b. primary tumors of the heart. in : bonow ro, mann dl, zipes dp, libby p, eds. braunwald ' s heart disease : a textbook of cardiovascular medicine. 9th ed. philadelphia, pa : saunders elsevier ; 2011 : chap74. mckenna w. diseases of the myocardium