ice age. normally, europe would have been recolonized by waterbuffalo after the last ice age. this happened with other species, such as the aforementioned lion. bokonyi ( 1957, 1974 ) concluded after research that bubalus arnee, a very close asiatic relative of bubalus murrensis, was present in the carpathian basin ( hungary and romania ) during the so called atlanticum period, the period roughly between 8000 to 4000 bc. these findings are corroborated by osteological remains of bubalus, that were found near donnerskirchen in austria, in the neighborhood of the neusiedlersee and that are dated at the beginning of the atlantikum period that started around 7000 bc ( pucher, 1991 ). it has been confirmed that the aurochs did survive in refugia like the iberian and italian peninsulas, but that after the beginning of the holocene, central and northern europe were recolonized by aurochs coming from the east and not from the south ( canon et al., 2000, mona et al., 2010, caramelli et al., 2011 ). the same is true for wild horses ( warmuth et al., 2011 ). just like with bubalus murrensis in the pleistocene, and just like with lions, aurochs and horses in the holocene, europe was recolonized by waterbuffalo coming from the east, from asia. not only is the waterbuffalo part of a trend, but there are actual findings of wild waterbuffalo from the era confirming this. the fact that wild waterbuffalo are found in the carpathian basin and eastern austria should come as no surprise. waterbuffalo were present near, but also migrated along, large waterways. the danube delta and river and its tributaries seems to have been the highway whereby wild waterbuffalo reentered europe from asia. the observant reader will have noticed that the black sea as such did not exist before 6500 – 5500 bc and that the possible migration route presented a continues path from the carpathian basin to the rest of asia, along which animals could migrate from east to west. it seems that wild waterbuffalo were not able to push further west than austria. this could ofcourse have to with the fact that more remains simply have not been unearthed yet. there also seems to be a trend to deny bubalus findings on the


wild waterbuffalo were not able to push further west than austria. this could ofcourse have to with the fact that more remains simply have not been unearthed yet. there also seems to be a trend to deny bubalus findings on the basis that wild waterbuffalo simply could not have been present in europe during the holocene. it is more important to note that migrations along large rivers presents a very narrow and limited path of migration. humans were overly present near big rivers and expansion of wild water buffalo was simply stopped in its tracks because of that. this is a clear difference with the recolonization by aurochs and wild horses and the importance of this difference cannot be stressed enough. without an ever stronger growing anthropogene pressure, there is no doubt that wild waterbuffalo coming from asia would have been able to recolonize the rest of europe, just like they did during every interglacial in the pleistocene. apart from the clear advantages of waterbuffalo in nature management in europe ( wiegleb and krawczynski, 2010 ) and apart from the fact that they occupy an ecological niche that cattle and horses cannot occupy, the archaeozoological story alone justifies the use of waterbuffalo in nature management and rewilding schemes in europe today.


virtual file system part 1 virtual file system is an interface providing a clearly defined link between the operating system kernel and the different file systems. the vfs supplies the applications with the system calls for file management ( like “ open ”, “ read ”, “ write ” etc. ), maintains internal data structures ( the administrative data for maintaining the integrity of the file system ), and passes tasks onto the appropriate actual file system. another important job of the vfs is, performing standard actions. for example, as a rule, no file system implementation will actually provide an lseek ( ) function, as the functions of lseek ( ) are provided by a standard action of the vfs. kernel ’ s representation of the file systems the representation or layout of data on a floppy disk, hard disk or any other storage media may differ considerably from one implementation of file system to another. but the actual representation of this data in linux kernel ’ s memory is the same for all file system implementations. the linux management structures for the file systems are similar to the logical structure of a unix file system. the vfs calls the file - system - specific functions for various implementations to fill up these structures. these functions are provided by every file system implementation and are made known to the vfs via the function register _ filesystem ( ). this function sets up the file _ system _ type structure it has passed, in a singly linked list headed by the pointer “ file _ systems ”. the file _ system _ type structure gives information about a specific file system implementation. the structure is as follows : struct super _ block * ( * read _ super ) ( struct super _ block *, void *, int ) ; struct file _ system _ type * next ; · the function “ read _ super (.. ) ” forms the mount interface, i. e. it is only via this function that further functions of the file system implementation will be made known to the vfs. it takes three parameters : * a super _ block structure in which the data relevant to this instance of file system implementation is filled up. * a character string ( in this case void * ), which contains further mount options for the file system. * a flag, which is used to indicate whether unsuccessful mounting should be reported. this flag is used only by the kernel function mount _ root ( ), as this calls all the read _ super ( ) functions present in the various file system implementations. * the “ name ” field contains the name


on august 9, 2007, the bald eagle was removed from the federal list of threatened and endangered species. after nearly disappearing from most of the united states decades ago, the bald eagle is now flourishing across the nation and no longer needs the protection of the endangered species act. the two main factors that led to the recovery of the bald eagle were the banning of the pesticide ddt and habitat protection afforded by the endangered species act for nesting sites and important feeding and roost sites. this recovery could not have been accomplished without the support and cooperation of many private and public landowners. go here for more information about the recovery and delisting of the bald eagle. bald eagle post - delisting monitoring plan to ensure that eagles continue to thrive, the u. s. fish and wildlife service worked with state wildlife agencies to monitor eagles. if it appears that bald eagles again need the protection of the endangered species act, the service can propose to relist the species. the service opened a 90 - day public comment period on july 9, 2007 for the draft post - delisting monitoring plan. we evaluated comments on the plan and released the final bald eagle monitoring plan on june 3, 2010. current legal protections for bald eagles although they are delisted, bald eagles are still protected by the bald and golden eagle protection act, the migratory bird treaty act, and the lacey act. bald and golden eagle protection act this law, passed in 1940, provides for the protection of the bald eagle and the golden eagle by prohibiting the take, possession, sale, purchase, barter, offer to sell, purchase or barter, transport, export or import, of any bald or golden eagle, alive or dead, including any part, nest, or egg, unless allowed by permit. " take " includes pursue, shoot, shoot at, poison, wound, kill, capture, trap, collect, molest or disturb. read more > > bald and golden eagle permits there are a number of different types of activities and projects that are eligible for a permit under the bald and golden eagle protection act. see the midwest region ' s eagle permits website for information about the types of permits available, when a permit is necessary, and how to apply for a permit. migratory bird treaty act the migratory bird treaty act is a federal law that carries out the united states commitment to four international conventions with canada, japan, mexico and russia. those conventions protect birds that migrate across international borders. the take of all migratory birds, including bald eagles, is governed by the migratory birds treaty


federal law that carries out the united states commitment to four international conventions with canada, japan, mexico and russia. those conventions protect birds that migrate across international borders. the take of all migratory birds, including bald eagles, is governed by the migratory birds treaty acts regulations. the migratory bird treaty act ( mbta ) prohibits the taking, killing, possession, transportation, and importation of migratory birds, their eggs, parts, and nests except as authorized under a valid permit. read more > > by the lacey act will continue even though the bald eagle has been delisted under the endangered species act. this law, passed in 1900, protects bald eagles by making it a federal offense to take, possess, transport, sell, import, or export their nests, eggs and parts that are taken in violation of any state, tribal or u. s. law. read more > > bald eagle conservation you can help conserve bald eagles by protecting habitat around their nests and by keeping safe distance from their nests or winter roost sites. bald eagles are susceptible to harm by disturbance because of the prominence of their nests and communal roosts. bald eagles need continued conservation so that their population remains healthy. go here for further information on bald eagle natural history and sensitivity information. what you can do to avoid disturbing bald eagles and their young while observing eagles or hiking, camping, boating, snowmobiling, etc. additional measures to conserve and protect bald eagles. national bald eagle management guidelines ( 25 - page pdf ; 144kb ) if you have questions or for further assistance, please contact us.


kittlitz ’ s murrelet ( brachyramphus brevirostris ) this decline is thought to be related to the recession of glaciers and the associated loss of preferred prey that use glacially - influenced waters, perhaps due to climate change. alaska department of fish and game. 2006. a wealth maintained : a strategy for conserving alaska ' s diverse wildlife and fish resources. alaska department of fish and game, juneau, ak. retrieved june 2010 from http : / / www. sf. adfg. state. ak. us / statewide / ngplan / ng _ outline. cfm. birdlife international. 2010. species factsheet : brachyramphus brevirostris, kittlitz ' s murrelet. retrieved june 2010 from http : / / www. birdlife. org / datazone / species / index. html? action = day, r. h., k. j. kuletz, and d. a. nigro. 1999. kittlitz ' s murrelet ( brachyramphus brevirostris ). the birds of north america online ( a. poole, ed. ). ithaca : cornell lab of ornithology. retrieved june 2010 from http : / / bna. birds. cornell. edu / bna / species / 435. kittlitz ’ s murrelet - photo by gerald a sanger action plan in development return to focal species strategy december 2, 2011


any test on serum, but usually refers to the detection of antibodies as an aid to diagnosis, or for the detection of early infection or prior infection / immunity. ( in practice, although not strictly accurate, the term is also used, faute - de - mieux, to describe antibody level tests done on other samples including, for example, the oral fluid samples used to retrospectively confirm or refute the diagnosis of measles, rubella, and mumps following notification. ) in the virology / microbiology laboratory, serology is most often used to detect pathogen - specific antibodies, e. g. anti - hepatitis c antibodies. the most common antibody classes detected are igg and igm. serology can also be used to detect antigen e. g. hepatitis b surface antigen, cryptococcus neoformans antigen ( often abbreviated to crag ). there are several methods of detecting antibody levels : - enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay ( elisa ) - latex agglutination - complement fixation test ( cft ) - neutralisation assays the results of an assay may be given as a number, but in some cases, the result will be in the form of a titre signifying the strength of the response. this article is a stub. please feel free to expand it and make it more encyclopaedic.


register with us or sign in learn how to grow seed potatoes in a compost bag, in monty don ' s step - by - step video guide. springmore about growing potatoesread lila das gupta ' s blog on growing potatoeschitting potatoes video projectgrowing early potatoesgrowing potatoes in a bin watch monty don and chris beardshaw ' s video guide to harvesting potatoes grown in a bag. summermore advice on growing potatoesread lila das gupta ' s blog on growing potatoeschitting potatoesgrowing early potatoesgrowing potatoes in a bagearthing up potatoesadvice on dealing with gl... monty don demonstrates how to plant heritage variety shallots in a container, offering advice on drainage and planting depths. springmore advice on growing alliumshow to harvest garlicgrowing onions and garlicplanting out leekstips on growing garlic monty don demonstrates how to plant tomatoes in grow bags and pots in the greenhouse at berryfields, including advice on getting the most from grow bags, and when to put tomato plants outside. springmore advice on growing tomatoesgrowing tomatoes in a grow baggrowing tomatoes in p... you want too many leaves when it ' s the precious fruits you want to savour, so here are a few timely tips to keep your plants on track for a bumper harvest. tomato plantstomato foodwatering cancanes stringsummer30 minutesthe first job is to stake up any with a larger rooting area and stop them drying out in hot weather, which is better for the plants and means less watering for you. 2 - 3 tomato plants60 or 75 litre bag of multi - purpose compostknife or scissorshand forktroweljune ( or may in a greenhouse monty don demonstrates how to plant tomatoes in grow bags and pots in the greenhouse at berryfields, including advice on getting the most from grow bags, and when to put tomato plants outside. springmore advice on growing tomatoesread kate bradbury ' s blog on the dos and don ' ts of... of tomato. choose open - pollinated tomato varieties ( not f1 varieties as they may not come ' true ' ). it ' s also a good idea to save heritage, or rare varieties of tomato in this way, to preserve the seed for future generations. tomatoesknifeglass jar chris beardshaw demonstrates a method for training greenhouse tomatoes, intended to increase fruiting yield. summermore on growing tomatoesread kate bradbury ' s blog on the dos and don


systemic enzymes are amazing. in fact, you might call them extraordinary, since they provide systemic health benefits. for those of us starting a new health regimen for the new year, that ’ s exceptionally good news. as review, enzymes are proteins catalyzing every bodily chemical action. there are over 3, 000 bodily enzymes — most of them proteolytic, or protein - eating, enzymes — and fall into three kinds of enzymes : food, digestive and metabolic / systemic enzymes. food enzymes come from foods, particularly raw foods with their enzymes intact, while digestive enzymes help to digest food. metabolic / systemic enzymes — while they may have some enzymes in common with digestive enzymes — work differently, going beyond the stomach, into the bloodstream and cells to work their amazingly healthy outcomes. some systemic enzymes with particularly beneficial health effects are the pancreatic enzymes included in an important systemic enzyme called pancreatin. others include : - papain, a protein - cleaving enzyme from papaya and other plants. - bromelain, a protease enzyme derived from the pineapple plant. - trypsin, another noteworthy pancreatic enzyme. - chymotrypsin, a digestive enzyme synthesized in the pancreas. together, they constitute a force of systemic enzymes supporting cellular and immune health, healthy levels of inflammation and more. cellular health is tied to the function of enzymes because systemic enzymes devour fibrin, the sticky protein coating on unhealthy cells, viruses and bacteria in the body — making the immune system more efficient at protecting the body against these unhealthy cells and intruders. fibrin is tough, too — up to fifteen times thicker than the protective coating on some other cells — but these enzymes are tougher because they ingest and digest fibrin to support cellular and immune health. unfortunately, fibrin can also “ spider web ” throughout the body, leading to unhealthy inflammation and restriction of joint and muscle function — but systemic enzymes can tame fibrin and positively affect bodily inflammation levels. that ’ s a good thing, too, because unhealthy inflammation levels can adversely affect overall health. inflammation isn ’ t all bad, though. healthy inflammation is a natural immune system response which protects the body from infection or further injury. it ’ s when the body ’ s inflammation responses go overboard that trouble can begin. prolonged, systemic inflammation can cause bodily damage and adversely affect bones, joints, tissues, blood vessels, blood


response which protects the body from infection or further injury. it ’ s when the body ’ s inflammation responses go overboard that trouble can begin. prolonged, systemic inflammation can cause bodily damage and adversely affect bones, joints, tissues, blood vessels, blood sugar, cells and bodily organs. this kind of debilitating inflammation can go undetected, too, as many organs don ’ t have pain - sensitive nerves, and there are virtually no outward signs of the fires within. what adds fuel to the fire, so to speak, is that most people aren ’ t even aware that they ’ re walking around with unhealthy levels of inflammation. for example, dr. paul ridker of harvard - affiliated brigham and women ' s hospital, believes that 25 to 35 million seemingly healthy middle - aged americans are walking around unaware of the danger they are in due to above - average inflammation levels and the risks that surround those levels. not all inflammation goes unnoticed, however. sometimes we feel it because our body, particularly our muscles and joints, tells us when we ’ ve overdone a workout or have otherwise pushed the limits. fortunately, systemic enzymes also support healthy inflammation to promote muscle, joint and tendon health as well as flexibility and mobility — offering natural relief from everyday aches and pains from everyday life. additionally, enzymes break down and remove old, unhealthy cells and tissue from the body to support natural detoxification. but when enzyme stores are low, unhealthy cells and tissue can remain in the body and wreak havoc. the problem is that our enzyme levels begin to decrease by age 20 and continue to dwindle with each passing decade — so make sure you have an adequate supply of enzymes. you see? systemic enzymes really are extraordinary because they provide potent systemic benefits.


- comprehensive sexual and reproductive health - family planning - women, girls, and hiv - maternal health - u. s. foreign policy & funding - watch : making u. s. foreign assistance work for women and girls in ethiopia - female condoms and u. s. foreign policy - family planning policy restrictions and hiv - u. s. global health initiative - global gag rule - helms amendment - foreign assistance budget - foreign assistance reform - kemp - kasten amendment - abstinence & fidelity - anti - prostitution pledge - advocacy and foreign assistance - why women and girls? family planning policy restrictions and hiv attacks on international family planning funding and policy hinder the progress of u. s. efforts to provide effective hiv prevention, care, and treatment through the president ’ s emergency plan for aids relief ( pepfar ) strategy. here are three big threats : reduced funding for international family planning : insufficient funding for voluntary family planning services reduces access to some of the most basic tools for hiv prevention and treatment. family planning providers are at the center of the hiv pandemic. they have the skills and the opportunity to provide quality, rights - based, comprehensive services that integrate and link hiv / aids, maternal health, and voluntary family planning ; address gender - based violence ; support comprehensive sex education ; and engage men and boys. how insufficient funding for family planning affects the fight against hiv / aids : - cuts to family planning funding would result in increased unintended pregnancies, abortions, and maternal deaths among women, including those living with hiv. - funding cuts to family planning would weaken global efforts to combat gender - based violence, stigma, and gender inequality, which drive the hiv / aids epidemic. - reproductive health programs ( including family planning ) are often the point of entry for those seeking testing and treatment for hiv. without sufficient funds, the reach of these programs is limited. - effective integration and linking of hiv / aids, maternal health, and voluntary family planning depends on robust funding for all three services. insufficient funding for one program area compromises overall health outcomes. eliminating the u. s. contribution to unfpa : unfpa ( united nations population fund ) is the largest multilateral provider of voluntary family planning and maternal health services globally. unfpa also provides critical hiv / aids services, such as promoting comprehensive female and male condom programming and integrating hiv services within reproductive health programming ( including family planning ). how eliminating the u. s. contribution to unfpa affects the fight against hiv / aids : - unfpa reaches countries that


such as promoting comprehensive female and male condom programming and integrating hiv services within reproductive health programming ( including family planning ). how eliminating the u. s. contribution to unfpa affects the fight against hiv / aids : - unfpa reaches countries that u. s. family planning and pepfar funding do not. eliminating the u. s. contribution would decrease access to hiv / aids, family planning, and other reproductive health services worldwide. imposing the global gag rule ( or mexico city policy ) : the global gag rule prohibits foreign organizations receiving u. s. family planning funds from using their own non - u. s. funds to provide information about abortion, to offer referrals or services for legal abortion, or to advocate for the legalization or decriminalization of abortion. how imposing the global gag rule affects the fight against hiv / aids : - the global gag rule has resulted in reproductive health programs ( including family planning ) losing access to u. s. - donated contraceptives and significant financial resources, causing staff and service reductions. - the global gag rule puts the lives of women living with hiv at risk. women living with hiv who are seeking voluntary abortion services stake their lives on access to honest information from their health providers, including provision of or referral to safe, legal abortion services. - the new york times : high court weighs dispute over aids funding april 22, 2013 - huffington post : the right to fight aids april 22, 2013 - u. s. spends n450bn on nigeria ’ s health sector programmes in 10 yrs – envoy april 18, 2013 - alicia keys campaigns for hiv education april 16, 2013 - united states announces $ 10 million in support for g - 8 preventing sexual violence initiative april 11, 2013 - reuters : prostitution policy splits ngos in top court aids case april 10, 2013 - huffington post : why the global fund is a terrific investment april 8, 2013 - as anti - prostitution pledge heads to supreme court, public health leaders file brief against it april 4, 2013 - us strategy to prevent and respond to gender - based violence globally : what does it mean for srh? the 2012 united states strategy to prevent and respond to gender - based violence globally is the country ’ s first comprehensive, multi - sector approach to gender - based violence. what does it mean for sexual and reproductive health? - fact sheet : u. s. national action plan on women, peace, and security the united states national action plan on women, peace, and security ( nap ) was issued by executive order by president


does it mean for sexual and reproductive health? - fact sheet : u. s. national action plan on women, peace, and security the united states national action plan on women, peace, and security ( nap ) was issued by executive order by president barack obama in 2011. what does it say about sexual and reproductive health and rights? - u. s. global hiv policy : combination prevention this paper outlines why the u. s. must support a true combination prevention strategy, one that scales up proven biomedical tools, integrates sexual and reproductive health services into hiv prevention, and addresses social barriers to hiv prevention. - infographic : aids - free generation? not without women we can ' t create an aids - free generation without women : visualize the numbers. - ghi implementation and sexual and reproductive health in guatemala : a progress report a preliminary analysis of the u. s. global health initiative in guatemala finds that resource and policy constraints are a barrier to progress. - ghi implementation and sexual and reproductive health in ethiopia : a progress report a preliminary analysis of the implementation of the u. s. global health initiative in ethiopia finds that a focus on women and girls is already making a difference. - sexual and reproductive rights and the u. s. global health initiative the u. s. global health initiative ( ghi ) is a comprehensive policy approach that seeks to strengthen and increase the efficiency of existing u. s. global health programs. - what does family planning have to do with hiv? everything. voluntary family planning is an indispensible component of hiv prevention and treatment. - americans for unfpa - center for development and population activities ( cedpa ) - center for reproductive rights ( crr ) - international planned parenthood federation ( ippf ) - international women ’ s health coalition ( iwhc ) - pepfar watch - population action international ( pai ) - prevention now! - reproductive health matters


| geo health | breakfast - skipper kids develop health problems | updated at : 1423 pst, thursday, august 19, 2010 | london : almost a third of children regularly go without breakfast before school and are more likely than classmates to be inactive, unfit and obese, research shows. while 68 % of pupils eat before leaving home, 32 % do not. of the latter, 25 % only sometimes have a morning meal and 7 % never have breakfast on school days, according to findings which have raised fresh concern about children ' s eating habits and general health. the study of 4, 326 children, aged 10 - 16, in england was reported in the european journal of clinical nutrition and found that 26. 6 % of boys and 38. 6 % of girls skipped breakfast some or all of the time. boys often blame lack of time, while many girls missed breakfast because they believe doing so would help them lose weight. " we found that children who skip breakfast either occasionally or routinely are less fit, less active and more likely to be overweight or obese than those who always eat breakfast, " said lead author dr gavin sandercock, a lecturer in clinical physiology at the university of essex. " children with the healthiest weight were always those who regularly had breakfast before heading to school. " these findings are worrying because we found more obesity and lower levels of physical activity among skippers, which is of great concern because these children are more likely to develop chronic disease in adulthood like cancer, heart disease and diabetes, " added sandercock. while girls who skipped breakfast are 92 % more likely to become obese than female classmates who regularly eat before school, the equivalent figure in boys was 62 %. but the boys were much likelier than female ones to have a sedentary lifestyle and, critically, have poor cardiorespiratory ( heart and lung ) fitness – the best predictor of chronic illness in later life, said sandercock. until now it has been thought that children who missed breakfast were more likely to be obese because they snacked during the day and ate late at night. but the study suggests that their inactive lifestyles may also play a key role. " this research should concern parents because they are putting their children at a higher risk of being overweight unless they make sure they eat breakfast before leaving the house, and are also increasing their risk of being unfit and inactive, " said sandercock. " it ' s of great concern that 32 % of parents don ' t do that, especially as


unless they make sure they eat breakfast before leaving the house, and are also increasing their risk of being unfit and inactive, " said sandercock. " it ' s of great concern that 32 % of parents don ' t do that, especially as we already know that kids ' concentration and ability to learn is worse when they miss breakfast. " professor mitch blair of the royal college of paediatrics and child health said : " this is yet another study that reinforces the need for regular mealtime routines. we know that children model their behaviour on their parents and it would be interesting if the parents of the children in this study had similar habits. " tam fry, founder of the child growth foundation and spokesman for the national obesity forum, said the study underlined the importance of breakfast for everyone. " although 68 % of the children studied always ate breakfast, there are areas of the country where, tragically, very few are given breakfast at home. that is why breakfast clubs at school are hugely important for them – not only for their physical fitness but also for their fitness to learn, " said fry. but sandercock said that while breakfast clubs are a good idea, they take away from parents the responsibility of preparing food for their offspring. the most recent nhs figures show that 22. 8 % of children in england starting reception year at primary school at the age of four are overweight or obese, rising to 32. 6 % by the time they reach year six, the last year of primary school. previous research has also shown that children ' s fitness is declining worldwide, including in those who are at normal weight, and is going down faster in england than the national average.


the 156km hermannsweg trail in north rhine - westphalia runs along peaks of the teutoburg forest and is considered one of germany ' s most beautiful ridge walks. named after hermann the cheruscan, who defeated the romans in the battle of varus 2, 000 years ago, the trail follows his route across the ridge of the teutoburg forest from rheine to velmerstot near horn - bad meinberg. a monument to hermann the cheruscan commemorates these historic events and is one of many sights to visit en route. the trail is also dotted with dramatic natural monuments such as the dorenthe cliffs, a 4km - long sandstone formation, and the externsteine fissured rocks near horn - bad meinberg at the end of the route. an exceptional backdrop of half - timbered buildings is provided by the little medieval hill town of tecklenburg with its castle ruins. bad iburg ' s castle and ravensberg castle have been well preserved. the lure of the eight - stage trail lies in its geologically diverse scenery and historical villages offering plenty to see. berlebeck eagle sanctuary this sanctuary for birds of prey is the oldest in europe and has the widest variety of species. some of the eagles and falcons feel so at home here that they fly around freely yet always return. a highlight is provided by the flying demonstrations that take place here at various times during the day. at a glance


mission : to observe, understand and model the hydrological cycle and energy fluxes in the earth ' s atmosphere and at the surface. the global energy and water cycle exchanges project ( gewex ) is an integrated program of research, observations, and science activities that focuses on the atmospheric, terestrial, radiative, hydrological, coupled processes, and interactions that determine the global and regional hydrological cycle, radiation and energy transitions, and their involvement in climate change. the international gewex project office ( igpo ) is the focal point for the planning and implementation of all gewex activities. the goal of gewex is to reproduce and predict, by means of suitable models, the variations of the global hydrological regime, its impact on atmospheric and surface dynamics, and variations in regional hydrological processes and water resources and their response to changes in the environment, such as the increase in greenhouse gases. gewex will provide an order of magnitude improvement in the ability to model global precipitation and evaporation, as well as accurate assessment of the sensitivity of atmospheric radiation and clouds to climate change. gewex is the core project in the world climate research programme ( wcrp ) concerned with studying the dynamics and thermodynamics of the atmosphere and interactions with the by virtue of this central role, gewex has links with all other wcrp projects, in particular, the climate variability and predictablity ( clivar ) project, the stratospheric processes and their role in climate ( sparc ) project, and the climate and cryosphere ( ciic ) project. gewex plays a central role in the interaction of wcrp with many international organizations and programs dealing with climate observations. as part of wcrp ' s input to the group on earth observations ( geo ) global earth observation system of systems ( geoss ), gewex brings its unique expertise in two specific societal benefit areas, climate and water. gewex is leading in the development of plans for the global data reprocessing effort and a observation strategy, and serves as a demonstration project for future climate observational networks in geoss. gewex supports the integrated global water cycle observations ( igwco ) theme developed under the integrated global observing strategy partnership ( igos - p ) and currently part of geo ( activities were merged in 2008 ). gewex research foci gewex also maintains close links to the international land ecosystem - atmospheric processes study ( ileaps ) of the international geosphere


##gos - p ) and currently part of geo ( activities were merged in 2008 ). gewex research foci gewex also maintains close links to the international land ecosystem - atmospheric processes study ( ileaps ) of the international geosphere - biosphere program ( igbp ). gewex is composed of several components designed to address the elements of the scientific focus, the global energy and water cycle. - data and assessment - determine atmospheric and surface radiation fluxes and heating with the precision needed to predict transient climate variations and decadal - to - centennial climate trends. - demonstrate - in particular at the regional scale - skill in predicting changes in water resources and soil moisture on time scales up to seasonal and annual as an integral part of the climate system. and prediction - develop accurate global model formulation of the energy and water budget and demonstrate predictability of their variability and response to climate forcing. see the global atmospheric system studies ( gass ) panel and the global land / atmosphere system study ( glass ) panel. gewex cross - cutting themes : in the implementation of gewex, priority continues to be given to three main cross - cutting themes : - assembly of global climatological data sets based on merging in situ measurement and satellite observations in order to determine the atmospheric and surface fluxes that drive the climate system, to provide benchmark values for the present climate, to document interannual variability and climate change, and to validate models. - atmospheric and land surface process studies to improve understanding of the main thermodynamic forces driving the climate system of energy exchanges in the atmosphere, characterizing the regional global and water energy budgets, to evaluate the role of evaporation and precipitation processes in regional rainfall anomalies, to examine changes in soil moisture and ground water balance, and to improve paramertization of these processes in models. - application of gewex data and process studies in models as a basis for developing extended range precipitation forecasts, studying water resource variability, improving the realism of simulations of the climate response to anthropogenic forcing and global warming assessments, and for providing input to other wcrp activities.


memory loss ( amnesia ) is unusual forgetfulness. you may not be able to remember new events, recall one or more memories of the past, or both. forgetfulness ; amnesia ; impaired memory ; loss of memory ; amnestic syndrome normal aging may cause some forgetfullness. it ' s normal to have some trouble learning new material, or needing more time to remember it. however, normal aging does not lead to dramatic memory loss. such memory loss is due to other diseases. sometimes, memory loss may be seen with depression. it can be hard to tell the difference between memory loss and confusion due to depression. some types of memory loss may cause you to forget recent or new events, past or remote events, or both. you may forget memories from a single event, or all events. memory loss may cause you to have trouble learning new information or forming new memories. the memory loss may be temporary ( transient ), or permanent. memory loss can be caused by many different things. to determine a cause, your doctor or nurse will ask if the problem came on suddenly or slowly. many areas of the brain help you create and retrieve memories. a problem in any of these areas can lead to memory loss. causes of memory loss include : - alcohol or use of illicit drugs - not enough oxygen to the brain ( heart stopped, stopped breathing, complications from anesthesia ) - brain growths ( caused by tumors or infection ) - brain infections such as lyme disease, syphilis, or hiv / aids - brain surgery, such as surgery to treat seizure disorders - cancer treatments, such as brain radiation, bone marrow transplant, or after chemotherapy - certain medications - certain types of seizures - depression, bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia when symptoms have not been well controlled - dissociative disorder ( not being able to remember a major, traumatic event ; the memory loss may be short - term or long - term ) - drugs such as barbiturates or benzodiazepines - electroconvulsive therapy ( especially if it is long - term ) - encephalitis of any type ( infection, autoimmune disease, chemical / drug induced ) - epilepsy that is not well controlled with medications - head trauma or injury - heart bypass surgery - illness that results in the loss of, or damage to, nerve cells ( neurodegenerative illness ), such as parkinson ' s disease, huntington ' s disease, or multiple sclerosis - long - term alcohol abuse - migraine headache


illness that results in the loss of, or damage to, nerve cells ( neurodegenerative illness ), such as parkinson ' s disease, huntington ' s disease, or multiple sclerosis - long - term alcohol abuse - migraine headache - mild head injury or concussion - nutritional problems ( vitamin deficiencies such as low vitamin b12 ) - permanent damage or injuries to the brain - transient global amnesia - transient ischemic attack ( tia ) a person with memory loss needs a lot of support. it helps to show them familiar objects, music, or photos. write down when the person should take any medication or complete any other important tasks. it is important to write it down. if a person needs help with everyday tasks, or safety or nutrition is a concern, you may want to consider extended care facilities, such as a nursing home. what to expect at your office visit the doctor or nurse will perform a physical exam and ask questions about the person ' s medical history and symptoms. this will almost always include asking questions of family members and friends. they should come to the appointment. medical history questions may include : - can the person remember recent events ( is there impaired short - term memory )? - can the person remember events from further in the past ( is there impaired long - term memory )? - is there a loss of memory about events that occurred before a specific experience ( anterograde amnesia )? - is there a loss of memory about events that occurred soon after a specific experience ( retrograde amnesia )? - is there only a minimal loss of memory? - does the person make up stories to cover gaps in memory ( confabulation )? - is the person suffering from low moods that impair concentration? - time pattern - has the memory loss been getting worse over years? - has the memory loss been developing over weeks or months? - is the memory loss present all the time or are there distinct episodes of amnesia? - if there are amnesia episodes, how long do they last? - aggravating or triggering factors - has there been a head injury in the recent past? - has the person experienced an event that was emotionally traumatic? - has there been a surgery or procedure requiring general anesthesia? - does the person use alcohol? how much? - does the person use illegal / illicit drugs? how much? what type? - other symptoms - what other symptoms does the person have? - is the person confused or disoriented? - can they independently eat, dress, and perform similar self -


the person use illegal / illicit drugs? how much? what type? - other symptoms - what other symptoms does the person have? - is the person confused or disoriented? - can they independently eat, dress, and perform similar self - care activities? - have they had seizures? tests that may be done include : cognitive therapy, usually through a speech / language therapist, may be helpful for mild to moderate memory loss. see : dementia - homecare for information about taking care of a loved one with dementia. kirshner hs. approaches to intellectual and memory impairments. in : gradley wg, daroff rb, fenichel gm, jankovic j, eds. neurology in clinical practice. 5th ed. philadelphia, pa : butterworth - heinemann ; 2008 : chap 6. luc jasmin, md, phd, department of neurosurgery at cedars - sinai medical center, los angeles, and department of anatomy at ucsf, san francisco, ca. review provided by verimed healthcare network. also reviewed by david zieve, md, mha, medical director, a. d. a. m., health solutions, ebix, inc. the information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. a licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. call 911 for all medical emergencies. links to other sites are provided for information only - - they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. © 1997 - a. d. a. m., inc. any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.


to create a new project, first visit a file that you want to include in that project. if you have a hierarchy of directories, first visit a file in the topmost directory. from this buffer, type m - x ede - new, or click on the ‘ create project ’ item in the ‘ development ’ menu. the ede - new command prompts for the type of project you would like to create. each project type has its own benefits or language specific enhancements. not all projects that ede supports also allow creating a new project. projects such as linux are designed to recognize existing projects only. project types such as ‘ make ’ and ‘ automake ’ do support creating new project types with ede - new. a subproject is merely a project in a subdirectory of another project. you can create a subproject by using the ede - new command ( or the ‘ create project ’ menu item ), while visiting a buffer in a subdirectory of the project root. this new project is automatically added to the parent project, and will be automatically loaded when ede reads the parent project. when using a project command that involves a makefile, ede uses the top - most project ' s makefile as a starting place for the build. how the toplevel project handles subprojects in the build process is dependent on that project ' s type.


underground drip irrigation serves two purposes dispose of wastewater and irrigate trees. water is plentiful in the fruit - growing area along lake michigan ’ s eastern shore, so it ’ s not scarcity that ’ s an issue. the problem is with some water that ’ s been made slightly dirty but is perfectly useful if handled right. that ’ s led some fruit growers and fruit processors to make double use of wastewater through subsurface trickle irrigation systems installed in fruit orchards. the system uses water that would otherwise be wasted, to irrigate. as beau shacklette tells it, a fruit - processing company approached the company he works for, trickl - eez company in st. joseph, michigan, wanting an onsite system for disposal of wastewater from their processing plant. trickl - eez, working with an environmental engineering company, developed the agricultural wastewater dispersal system that trickl - eez now sells and installs. shacklette, the regional sales manager for trickl - eez in traverse city, michigan, has installed systems at four fruit - processing companies and for a few growers since getting state department of natural resources approval for the system four years ago. the fruit - processing companies need to get rid of wastewater they have used to cool, wash, or handle fruit or vegetables, shacklette said. the water contains low levels of soluble solids and nutrients. the companies are located away from municipal sewage disposal systems and needed either to install their own waste treatment plants or come up with methods acceptable to the state. on - land disposal of such water through irrigation is legal, but in northwest michigan there is a long winter season when the land is frozen and won ’ t accept surface - applied water. putting the water into the ground below the frost layer solves that problem. the orchardists, mostly growers of tart cherries, use cold well water to cool fruit during harvest in july. while this water is not considered a waste requiring treatment, there is a lot of it leaving cooling pads and trying to find its way somewhere. “ growers know it ’ s just a matter of time until they have to contain and dispose of the water that runs off their cooling pads, ” shacklette said. trickle irrigation is growing as a practice, especially in young cherry orchards, so the water has a use. the system trickl - eez developed is a grid of underground drip irrigation tubing that runs down the rows and alleys of fruit orchards. some of the processing companies are growers themselves, so they have their


so the water has a use. the system trickl - eez developed is a grid of underground drip irrigation tubing that runs down the rows and alleys of fruit orchards. some of the processing companies are growers themselves, so they have their own orchards, or there are orchards close by they can access. in some cases, they ’ ve installed the systems in open fields devoted to production of hay. “ one important requirement was that the disposal system be able to operate year round, ” shacklette said. “ a subsurface drip irrigation system was chosen as the best delivery system to move lagoon discharge water to adjacent fruit orchards where the trees can benefit from the nutrients in the water as well as receiving beneficial irrigation water. ” allen steimel, the plant general manager for leelanau fruit company near suttons bay, about 20 miles north of traverse city, said his company installed a four - acre system a year ago as an expansion for their on - land sprinkler irrigation disposal system. “ we process brined cherries for maraschinos, ” he said, “ so we work year around using stored cherries. we needed a way to dispose of water during the winter time. ” the water is only marginally dirty since it ’ s used to move cherries that contain some residual brine solution. the actual spent brine is disposed of by injection into deep wells. in the summer, water used in the pitting operation contains more nutrients, and that is spray irrigated since frozen ground is not an issue. the company needs to dispose of about 22 million gallons of water a year, and most of that is sprinkler irrigated onto land that grows hay for horses, steimel said. other systems shacklette has installed vary in size from 5 to 16 acres. when installed in existing orchards, he said, usually three lines are run down each alley. lines run on both sides of a tree row, about 30 inches from the trees, and one down the center of the alley. in the fruit area in northwest michigan, soil is often sandy to gravelly, and trees, especially young trees, benefit greatly from irrigation, and many growers use trickle irrigation in young orchards. to make the drip irrigation disposal system work, water has to be relatively free from solids or the emitters will clog. in the processing plant systems he designs, shacklette likes to have two lagoons, linked in series, that serve as settling ponds that remove much of the organic matter. then the


to be relatively free from solids or the emitters will clog. in the processing plant systems he designs, shacklette likes to have two lagoons, linked in series, that serve as settling ponds that remove much of the organic matter. then the water is pumped through filters before getting into the drip lines. water from cooling pads does not contain enough solids to require filtration. shacklette, who originally came to michigan from colorado and is experienced in irrigation systems, thinks this system will work well for food processing plants in any environment anywhere. “ the agricultural wastewater dispersal system can be expanded to many other sites, ” he said. “ it provides a very practical, affordable, and common - sense solution to the previously very difficult problem of how to manage agricultural wastewater and put it to a beneficial use rather than create an environmental problem. ” there is also a food safety aspect to drip irrigation. since no effluent water is sprayed onto foliage or fruit, there are no contamination issues, shacklette said. unlike sprinkler application, where water slams the ground, compacting it and causing surface runoff, subsurface irrigation lets the soil act as a huge absorption system and biofilter, he said. growing plants and trees can benefit from the water and the nutrients it contains. the loading rate needs to be designed to fit the soil type, and the system is computer controlled to dispense the correct amount of water, shacklette said. trees must be able to absorb the nutrients in the water or they can leach down below the root zone. the dispersal system includes several components. first are the pretreatment lagoons, where oxygen is added to provide aerobic, odor - free conditions for breakdown of solids in the wastewater. next are the computer controls and pumps that move the water in a controlled dosing cycle. filters are very important, shacklette said, to keep the drip tubes from plugging. the drip system in the field or orchards is divided into zones, to which water entry is controlled by valves. the final part is the underground drip lines that are buried from one to two feet deep. the lines contain pressure - compensating emitters. “ one of the biggest advantages to the subsurface drip system is the ability to provide the dose and rest cycles that facilitate wastewater infiltration into the soil, ” shacklette said. “ timed doses allow for the even distribution of the liquid waste throughout the day or night. ”


san angelo, texas — there ' s nothing quite like a record - breaking heat wave and drought to show us what the truly tough plants are. we have seen some surprising results in landscapes this summer ; plants we thought were drought tolerant were scorched while others did well. with predictions that the drought will come back for another year, it ' s more important than ever to learn what the best plants and practices are to use in a west texas landscape. a good landscape is a very important part of a home because it affects the property value and gives a lot of enjoyment to the owners, but water conservation is certainly critical, and landscapes are understandably the first thing to go in a water shortage. the annual earth - kind landscape school that will be held this month will provide information and training necessary for homeowners to rejuvenate their landscapes in a way that will be both beautiful and drought tolerant. just because we are under irrigation restrictions doesn ' t mean the landscape has to be all rock or be a cactus garden. there are many beautiful, colorful, lush plants that are drought tolerant and attractive in the landscape and can also handle the heat. the landscape school is held in the fall because it ' s the best time of year to plant trees and shrubs and many of the perennials. it gives the plants a chance to get established and grow roots before the most stressful part of the year : summer. plus, it ' s much easier to get outside and work when it cools down a bit! this year ' s landscape school will feature topics on drought recovery, efficient irrigation, plant selection, water conservation and other ways to create a beautiful landscape that can survive west texas. steve george, horticulture specialist for texas agrilife extension, will teach landscape design and provide tips on best placement of trees and shrubs for energy conservation and cooling of the home as well as other basic design skills. the landscape school will be held from 6 : 30 to 9 p. m. sept. 19, 20, 26 and 27. call the extension office at 325 - 659 - 6528 for more information. registration includes a 30 - minute consultation with a horticulture expert to answer landscaping questions and help draw out a landscape plan for either the front or backyard. tuition is $ 65 per household, and the deadline to register is sept. 12, so call soon to reserve a spot! allison watkins is tom green county extension horticulturist. contact her at aewatkins @ ag. tamu. edu.


in lower grades ( k - 4 ), art activities are integrated into academic lessons. two periods per week are allocated for art. students use various materials in their cross - curricular projects, which enhance their learning. grades five to eight students have art classes one or two times a week. students are introduced to pencil techniques of shading, sketching, 3 - dimensional perspectives from the view of a worm, a human and a bird, and tone values. then these techniques are repeated in color. this is followed by material exercises in paper, clay, acrylic, oil and canvas. students are encouraged to go outside and observe their surroundings ; they learn to draw pictures of still life. these techniques are taught at each grade level, and projects are assigned, the degree of sophistication depends on the age group. kindergarten through grade two students have p. e classes with their homeroom teachers, and a physical education instructor teaches students in grades three to eight. grades three to eight students are taught the same skills at appropriate age levels, twice a week. one period is devoted to games and the other to running. students learn how to prepare for p. e by stretching and doing “ warm up ” exercises. they learn group sports : kickball, volleyball, basketball, flag football, and relays ( running laps and passing a baton ). they work on building their stamina by running and tracking their time. the students work towards the presidential award. to qualify, students must do a set number of push - ups, sit - ups and a timed one - mile run. students are also taught leadership and sportsmanship skills. they take turns leading the warm - up exercises and being captain of a team during class. they learn to cooperate with each other and appreciate everyone ’ s efforts. gis computer classes apply the technology standards of the international society for technology in education ( iste ). iste ' s basic logic is that to live, learn and work successfully in an increasingly complex and information - rich society, students must be able to use technology effectively. during granada ' s computer classes, we strive to teach students to become : confident information technology users information seekers, analyzers, and evaluators problem solvers when using technology creative and effective users of technology tools for productivity communicators, collaborators, publishers, and producers students from 1st to 8th grade receive lessons in digital citizenship, are fully proficient in the entire ms office suite upon graduation, and are skillful web researchers and note takers. middle school students complete projects in


windhunter is a project for hydrogen mass production based on electrolysis of the sea water. it consists of a platform that sustains some wind mills. they produce electricity following that electricity produces hydrogen and oxygen through the well - known electrolysis process. the wind turbines have a power of 2 megawatt. from the experiments presented in the “ hydrogen power ” category on cars - and - trees. com, it is required only a small amount of current ( abt 10amps ) to make enough hydrogen to run a car. imagine the possibilities of 2mw power in continuous run. anyway, some calculations have to be made, but it ’ s obvious it can generate in time great quantities of energy. for free. the platform can be put in the sea or oceans and doesn ’ t interfere with any human eyesight ( except maybe ships travelling across the sea ). the bad part is that its construction is not cheap at all. you can see the whole project on http : / / www. windhunter. org or if your want to see specific details directly, you can download a document presenting all the facts of this project here : http : / / www. windhunter. org / windhunter _ integrated _ info. doc more like this article not what you were looking for? search the green optimistic! join the discussion4033 total comments so far. what ' s your opinion? electrolysis of seawater produces hydrogen, for sure, but it also produces chlorine in aboundance. it might produce some oxyten as well. but what is to be done with the chlorine? the reason is that in electrolysis the most reactive elements are the most likely to be separated to the two electrodes. since seaware contains a lot of sodium chloride, nacl, these elements will react preferentially to hydrogen and oxygen. consequently, the sodium will be attracted to the negative electrode, where it reacts with the h2o to produce hydrogen and sodium hydroxide. the chlorine is attracted to the positive electrode where it is released. try it.


end the nuclear age greenpeace has always fought - and will continue to fight - vigorously against nuclear power because it is an unacceptable risk to the environment and to humanity. the only solution is to halt the expansion of all nuclear power, and for the shutdown of existing plants. nastya, from belarus was only three years old when she was diagnosed with cancer of the uterus and lungs. according to local doctors the region has seen a huge increase in childhood cancer cases since the chernobyl disaster. we need an energy system that can fight climate change, based on renewable energy and energy efficiency. nuclear power already delivers less energy globally than renewable energy, and the share will continue to decrease in the coming years. despite what the nuclear industry tells us, building enough nuclear power stations to make a meaningful reduction in greenhouse gas emissions would cost trillions of dollars, create tens of thousands of tons of lethal high - level radioactive waste, contribute to further proliferation of nuclear weapons materials, and result in a chernobyl - scale accident once every decade. perhaps most significantly, it will squander the resources necessary to implement meaningful climate change solutions. ( briefing : climate change - nuclear not the answer. ) the nuclear age began in july 1945 when the us tested their first nuclear bomb near alamogordo, new mexico. a few years later, in 1953, president eisenhower launched his " atoms for peace " programme at the un amid a wave of unbridled atomic optimism. but as we know there is nothing " peaceful " about all things nuclear. more than half a century after eisenhower ' s speech the planet is left with the legacy of nuclear waste. this legacy is beginning to be recognised for what it truly is. things are moving slowly in the right direction. in november 2000 the world recognised nuclear power as a dirty, dangerous and unnecessary technology by refusing to give it greenhouse gas credits during the un climate change talks in the hague. nuclear power was dealt a further blow when a un sustainable development conference refused to label nuclear a sustainable technology in april 2001. the risks from nuclear energy are real, inherent and long - lasting.


tuna is one of the world ' s favourite fish. it provides a critical part of the diet of millions of people across the globe. it is also the core of the luxury sashimi markets. the five main commercially harvested tuna are : skipjack, yellowfin, bigeye, albacore and bluefin. want to help? tell chicken of the sea to stop trashing our oceans! tuna are incredible creatures. highly migratory, they travel thousands of miles over their lifetimes. despite weighing up to 700 kg, the majestic bluefin can accelerate faster than a porsche and can swim as fast as 43mph - some species travel from north american to european waters several times each year. yellowfin have been recorded travelling from the us pacific coast to japan, they travel at an average speed of ten miles per hour, but can reach up to 50mph. a bigeye tuna has been recorded diving 250 metres in less than one minute - see if you can do better! tuna are in trouble globally tuna populations are in trouble. every year there are more boats chasing fewer tuna as populations all around the world are declining. there simply aren ' t enough fish to sustain the world ' s voracious appetite for tuna. rampant overfishing and pirates stealing tuna are making these once abundant, ocean giants harder and harder to find. bigeye and yellowfin are fully exploited or over exploited in all oceans - they are in serious trouble in the western and central pacific ocean, where they were relatively healthy just a few years ago. stocks of the magnificent bluefin, the most iconic and valuable of all tuna species, are on the brink of collapse. in 1999, greenpeace recorded how mediterranean bluefin had declined by 80 percent. and it ' s getting worse. advances in technology mean large ships - floating factories - are now able to take as much tuna in 2 days as whole countries can take in a year. increasing practices of tuna ranching are also further aggravating the crisis. true cost of tuna the biggest tuna fishery in terms of volume is skipjack - the tuna most likely to end up in cans. while skipjack is not yet overfished, if fishing continues at current rates it won ' t be able to sustain itself. what ' s more, the methods used to net skipjack all too often catch young yellowfin and bigeye, threatening these species further. yellowfin, a much more commercially valuable species, makes up 35 percent of the world ' s catch. the majestic bluefin only represents 1. 5 percent of the landed


all too often catch young yellowfin and bigeye, threatening these species further. yellowfin, a much more commercially valuable species, makes up 35 percent of the world ' s catch. the majestic bluefin only represents 1. 5 percent of the landed volume of tuna, but its dollar value is astronomical. in 2001, a single bluefin tuna set an all time record when it sold for us $ 173, 600 in japan. numerous other marine life are hooked and netted in the global tuna fisheries with 100 million sharks, and tens of thousands of turtles killed every year causing devastation to the entire marine ecosystems. pirate fishing is also rampant in high value tuna fisheries literally stealing tuna from the plates of some of the poorest people in the world. but even the legal tuna fisheries are partaking in the robbery. the so called " sweetheart deals " fishing nations and rich multinational corporations negotiate with coastal states for access to fish tuna in their waters are incredibly unfair. only around 5 percent of the value of the tuna is given to the resource owners, often denying coastal communities much - needed employment and neglecting the responsibilities to fish responsibly. we have the solution - marine reserves now! luckily, we have the solution - a network of marine reserves - national parks at sea ; areas closed to all extractive uses, such as fishing and mining. these protected areas need to cover forty percent of the world ' s oceans. marine reserves provide a safe haven for marine life. and if they are properly designed to cover crucial breeding and spawning grounds, they also work for tuna and species that migrate over vast distances. marine reserves can help save tuna, ecosystems, and ultimately the fishing industry. after all, the fishing industry has a pretty miserable future if there ' s no fish left to, well, fish... if we want tuna tomorrow, we need marine reserves today. greenpeace ' s tuna campaign is currently calling for the immediate closure of the mediterranean bluefin fishery, until stocks recover - and for 40 percent of the mediterranean to be designated as marine reserves. in the pacific, urgent measures including halving the amount of tuna taken, a ban on transferring fish at sea, and the creation of marine reserves in key areas of international waters must be taken to save the pacific tuna fisheries and the tuna populations themselves from collapse. retailers must ensure they only sell legal, sustainable tuna supermarket retailers across the world from norway to new zealand and usa to spain are being asked by greenpeace to answer the hard questions : where does our tuna come from? is it sustainable


the title " double - spaced, " skinny ' s broken spacebar, and the fact the sentences are arranged in pairs are all clues to the mechanism of this puzzle : signmakers. however, there is a twist to these signmakers. one word from the first sentence in each pair is shifted to another location in the second sentence ( hence " but at least the shift works. " ) enumeration is the number of words in each sentence. form a [ synonym ] to rig in a lissome set. / format ; original is so mes [ sy, no ny m ] et. i saw hack on earth, [ and ] a truss ires single gal. / is a whacko near that russi [ an d ] ressing legal? banal [ anagram ] or rec. over time? / ban a lorre covert, i me [ an a gram ]. a son [ of ] eleanor dealing, and his insistence real. / as one lean ordeal in gandhi sins, i s [ of ] ten cereal. can [ only ] that chap resent a tire? / can ' t hatch a presentati [ on ly ] re. " the red [ word ] is maybe, " lie forgiven ogre engineers. / there dismay belief, or give no green gi ne [ w ord ] ers. outwit [ to ] have tabs or base narrow. / out with a vet, absorb a sena [ to ] r row. dea convened ; if i [ slide ], esters echo ruses. / deacon ' [ s lid e ] ven edifies terse choruses. scar lets [ left ] end of forgotten orchestra in. / scarlet sendoff, or got tenor c [ lef : t ] he strain! the shifted words are " synonym and anagram of only word to slide left. " ' slide ' is the only shifted word that moved toward the left in this puzzle, and the word that is its synonym and anagram is sidle.


september is here, a time of transition! fresh waves of students have entered university, college, lower six, form one and let us not forget, first year. it seems as if everyone is starting a new phase in education. everyone is understandably a little anxious when beginning a new curriculum and a new system. first year students need their new ‘ aunty ’ to be understanding and ease them into ‘ big school ’. form one students have to get used to being at the bottom of the ladder again after being the big boys and girls in primary school. form six students are fresh from the triumphs of cxc and beginning to look ahead to tertiary education. and university and college students are tasting all kinds of new experiences and freedoms, pleasant and unpleasant. however, today, we want to focus on the form ones and form sixes. this is because it is at these points in the school system that the greatest leaps in learning are required. this is not simply because the complexity of the work has increased. it is also because the type of thinking required changes significantly. form one students come from a system where they have been drilled systematically for at least two years. they have practised so much that they are ‘ over rehearsed ’ for the sea ( and the standards required, as we all know, are very high : over 95 % for a ‘ first choice ’ school and over 90 % if you want any chance of being on its ‘ 20 percent list ’ ). so form one students enter secondary school with an unrealistic and inflated idea of what school marks should be. this is especially true for those who have been placed in the ‘ prestige ’ schools, who are by now used to regularly scoring over 90 % in all tests. unfortunately, form one marks aren ’ t going to stay up in this rarefied air. there are several reasons for this. firstly, instead of focusing on maths and language arts, students now have to do 12 or 13 subjects, which means they are now using a much wider range of skills. as a neuropsychologist will tell you, in any normal brain, some skills are very good, some are average and some are poor. in the school environment, this translates into being good at some subjects and not good at others. parents need to be especially aware of this. like their children, they may expect to see the same kind of report card they did in primary school, with all marks in the nineties. they need to know that 90 % is now going to be a ra


to be especially aware of this. like their children, they may expect to see the same kind of report card they did in primary school, with all marks in the nineties. they need to know that 90 % is now going to be a rarity. a much more realistic aim is for 70 % and over. in secondary school, that ’ s a good average. students are also not being given the opportunity to rehearse the material as exhaustively as they did in standards four and five. there won ’ t be any drilling or frequent repetition. teachers will also be moving at a much quicker rate. in a few schools, teachers have begun a trend of revising for end of term exams in class with the students, but this doesn ’ t seem to be widespread. so students have to do all their own revision, and for a much wider range of material. and finally, the skills needed in secondary school are so different. students have to learn how to analyse, make inferences, synthesise, apply principles across a wide range of situations and do intelligent research, that is, sifting through facts to select only the relevant information and then shaping this into a meaningful answer to the research question. none of this is typically part of the primary school experience. to summarise, secondary school requires that students use a much wider range of skills. these skills are fairly new for most students and they won ’ t be given much help to learn and develop them, but will be expected to start demonstrating them right away. students will also be faced with an extremely heavy load of new information to master. under these circumstances, parents and students must be realistic about the kinds of grades they expect. next week : form sixes!


technology is becoming increasingly personalised, with mobile phones and tablet computers being designed to meet the bespoke demands of each individual user. this is possible due to the increasing amount of information that we are able to collect, process and make accessible for others. through information technology, society has been given an opportunity to redefine the way individuals conduct their everyday lives. this same information can be leveraged on a much larger scale by radically changing the way healthcare, transport links and education services are provided in cities. communities are in a position to share data amongst themselves, and with the wider world, improve services and the lives of individuals. the way societies use this information will transform the economy, quality of life, and resource consumption. one core opportunity offered by information systems is the ability to manage utility networks within cities, such as the creation of a smart energy grid. if operators are able to collect detailed information about what is going on in the grid, they ' ll be able to manage it more efficiently, making the architecture increasingly robust, cost effective and ultimately provide better services to its citizens. sensors located throughout the network detect energy flows in the system and visualise it on one central screen, helping controllers pinpoint any issues. in the case of a sudden surge in energy usage in a particular area, or if power lines are damaged, electricity can be rerouted immediately to avoid blackouts. smart grid technology also enables individuals to feed electricity back into the grid from their own power supplies, such as solar panels. in rio de janeiro, this concept has been taken a step further with the building of a central, state of the art control room to bring together information from over 30 city departments. this move has combined quality weather data and emergency services information to keep disaster response teams updated with real time critical information, vital in a city that suffers from yearly fatalities from flooding. information can also be leveraged in cities to encourage behavioural change. for example the mushereib development in qatar ' s largest city doha aims to redefine the way people interact with ict systems by providing an array of services and tools, as part of the urban information architecture. on completion, this infrastructure will enable the occupants to make well - educated decisions about the way they conduct their personal and professional lives. but the implications of a data - rich world stretch far beyond the operational efficiency. the wide range of information at our fingertips is also driving a new competitive marketplace and transforming not only the economy, but also the way people, companies and governments choose to operate. global corporations are using


data - rich world stretch far beyond the operational efficiency. the wide range of information at our fingertips is also driving a new competitive marketplace and transforming not only the economy, but also the way people, companies and governments choose to operate. global corporations are using information as a core asset, with companies like google and facebook building their whole business model around the availability of data and the public demand for information. city leaders have a similar opportunity to take advantage of the data available to ensure the welfare of their citizens. many cities, such as london and new york, are opening up their data to developers and other professionals. for instance, a new york company used subway information to create the journey - planning app embark nyc, which responds to delays by rerouting users in real time. this not only makes the transport network easier to navigate for citizens, but it also means that failures in the system do not lead to large backlogs of passengers. if information is opened up to the public, the possibilities for innovation and development are limitless. this change can drive resource efficiency and improve the lives of citizens. by 2050, 70 % of the population will live in urban areas. it ' s estimated that these communities will need to produce a tenth of current greenhouse emissions to avoid catastrophic climate change. cities can offer real benefits, including better economic opportunities and quality of life, but this growing population also brings with it complex challenges, forcing city authorities to rethink their transport, waste and water strategies and deal with the issue of overcrowding. information technology can enable whole communities to get involved in the decision making process and have a say in the way cities are designed. imagination is the often the biggest restraint when tackling global challenges. ellie cosgrave is a research engineer at arup


it ’ s no secret that facebook is a huge distraction. for a lot of teens, it ’ s easy to become a little bit obsessed with checking their newsfeed and updating their statuses. how many times have you gone on the computer with good intentions to do your homework, and instead found yourself on the site? research has now found that using facebook at least once during a 15 - minute study period is linked to lower grades for students in middle school, high school and college. but that ’ s not all : the use of facebook is also linked to narcissism and psychological disorders such as mania and aggressive tendencies. also, teens who use media and technology every day are more likely to suffer from depression and anxiety. wth? according to researchers, the best way to continue using facebook and doing good in school is to allow one minute tech breaks every 15 minutes. it might sound crazy, but researchers say that when kids know they can go online for at least one minute, they ’ re less distracted and more focused on their work. wdyt, gurls? how often do you go on facebook? do you think it ’ s affected your grades at all? are you surprised that using technology so often can lead to depression and anxiety? will this new research make you think twice before you go online? discuss below! oh, and when you ’ re not studying, make sure to “ like ” gurl. com on facebook. k?


ms. jaclyn mccarty business plan final rubric : view this course will help you create and innovate your very own sole proprietorship! you business idea will evolve as you complete each component of the business plan, with the goal of having the " bank " approve your request for a small business loan to get this business started! assignment, create an autocollage of your own : click here for directions teens are entrepreneurs : watch parts 1 : 4 textbook link : http : / / glencoe. mcgraw - hill. com / sites / 0078613035 / the new knowledge @ wharton high school ( kwhs ) : http : / / kwhs. wharton. upenn. edu / terms of the day : http : / / www. entrepreneur. com / encyclopedia / index. html or http : / / entrepreneurs. about. com / cs / generalresources / a / glossaryindex. htm question of the week - every monday students will write a paragraph to answer the ' question of the week '. this will be typed in a document. classmates will reflect on one another ' s answers throughout the week to stimulate discussion and inspire one another. every friday, students will print out their discussion document and submit it to me for a grade. week 1 : what does it mean to you to be an entrepreneur? week 2 : what are the biggest challenges facing a small business owner in havertown? week 3 : do you need industry - specific experience in order to start a small business in a certain industry? week 4 : what business or entrepreneur do you admire the most and why? week 5 : how can facebook and twitter help a small business? week 6 : should a business owner monitor their employees ' email and internet usage? week 7 : how are you going to adapt to the changing economic climate and what is the key to business success in the 21st century? 1. going into business for yourself chapter 3 : opportunity 2. researching and planning your venture 3. managing market strategies : bp part 5 : the marketing plan template 4. managing your business processes 5. managing the finances of your business 6. growing your business 7. the business plan presentation to the ban the sevendeadly sins of investor presentations : http : / / www. youtube. com / watch? v = cnsfditsgp4 final ppt rubric : your slideshow should take the bank through the following parts of your business plan... click for directions


i still have to give a little background for the current exhibit. since the opening of the gallery i ’ ve been lucky to acquire a half sheet poster from the original godzilla movie. that in itself is enough reason to write a bit more about the whys of the exhibit. godzilla – the catharsis fukushima mon amour is not just a collection of monsters. to start with the first godzilla movie made in 1954 by ishiro honda is not just another monster movie, but an important cultural phenomenon. it marks the coming to terms in japan with the outcome of the second world war. in the years after 1945 the dreadful consequences of the nuclear bombs on hiroshima and nagasaki were taboo in japanese society. the radiation victims and radiation in general were not talked about. japan had lost the war. an unacceptable fact in a culture where honour and code play such an important part. godzilla addressed the effects of radiation by us of a simple metaphor. mankind meddles with nature by using dangerous technology and nature strikes back with the creation of a radioactive monster. this fits in with the shinto - tradition of japanese culture. in shinto every aspect of life and nature has a spirit god. the spirit gods are linked together in some sort of supernatural force. this force exceeds human action and activity. this spiritual chain of life explains and celebrates the diversity of life. temples and warfare the original godzilla movie does look quite realistic or should i say credible. main reason for the credibility is the detailed miniature reconstruction of tokyo. the production took great care to replicate tokyo as it looked in the 1940 - 1950 ′ s. godzilla itself is a man in a rubber suit who thanks to the detailed mini - sets can rump and destroy quite convincingly as early animation techniques like stop - motion were not needed. temples, bridges and other big man - made structures are prominent. they are a key part of the theme of the movies, just like the military might that without any noticeable effect tries to destroy the monsters. they symbolize weak and fragile mankind. temples, tanks and planes also feature heavily in the poster art of a lot of titles whether they are of japanese, german, american, italian or of other origin, especially for titles with a central avenging monster, notably godzilla in his first movies and his flying nephew gappa. east meets west in many respects godzilla is the eastern counterpart of king kong. they are both nature ’ s reaction to mankind ’ s meddling with mother earth. both monsters are very photogenic due to their prehistoric quality and superhuman, primal force. they don ’ t


in many respects godzilla is the eastern counterpart of king kong. they are both nature ’ s reaction to mankind ’ s meddling with mother earth. both monsters are very photogenic due to their prehistoric quality and superhuman, primal force. they don ’ t really fight with humans who are basically ignored and / or trampled. they do however like to have a round or two with other prehistoric - like animals. the identification with king kong is strongest when godzilla reaches tokyo tower after destroying half of tokyo as a bridge to the climactic conclusion of the film. the tokyo tower is for godzilla as the empire state building is for king kong. they both stand as symbols for man ’ s technological power. the only thing different with king kong is that the tokyo tower is wrecked before godzilla will meet his death. taken all this in account it is not surprising that godzilla was a hit in the west as well as in the east. it basically is japan ’ s first low - art blockbuster. the commercial success led to more movies, to more success, to more monsters and to more blending of western and eastern low culture. from kong to frankenstein and from earth to space to keep up the series godzilla needed to evolve and soon other monsters were born. the first batch of monsters were conceived to fight godzilla itself. these monsters still fit the shinto - tradition when nature calls other monsters to combat godzilla before he destroys earth itself. mothra the flying moth and rodan the flying reptile are nature ’ s jets and mothra ’ s larvae are nature ’ s tanks that succeed were man ’ s jets and tanks have failed. next to the godzilla series another series of monster movie is launched with gamera the flying tortoise. to keep the series interesting more monsters are needed. to this end the series gets more and more mixed with western culture. just like its counterpart kong, godzilla gets a son, minya, to add a comic note. new types of monsters are introduced, inspired by western horror and science fiction from the 1950 ′ s. one of the more original ones is hedorah ( see top ), the monster created by human pollution of the earth. unlike its japanese predecessors hedorah does not come from the sky, earth or sea. monsters suddenly come from outer space. three - headed dragon king ghedora is the first of them. with science - fiction robots are also introduced. to complete the east - west mashup the series introduces existing western icons. king kong and the monster of frankenstein ( furankenshutain ) appear as


ghedora is the first of them. with science - fiction robots are also introduced. to complete the east - west mashup the series introduces existing western icons. king kong and the monster of frankenstein ( furankenshutain ) appear as themselves, albeit in a slightly, different form. japanese sf becomes a genre in itself, made for the western market, with an increasing amount of western actors, freely using western icons and themes where japanese ones simply don ’ t exist. for example atragon is clearly inspired by jules verne and a string of superhero movies are developed in the 1960 ′ s as well. this line of sf is interesting as the superhero will mix with the traditional japanese superhero, the samurai, ultimately developing in other japanese low - art icons like ultraman and providing a nurturing ground for modern japanese horror, suspense and anime. all this mixing and blending is not all good news as the central themes are traded in for harmless, colourful fun. production values get lower and lower until a cardboard level is reached that is beyond any credibility and the series has become a form of slapstick. this spirit of colourful fun does inspire more fun however, as can be witnessed in the poster art of the 1960 ′ s. especially in german and italian posters the mash - up is so complete that the names of the actual characters really are not something to be bothered about. king kong or godzilla? it does not matter, just add an outlandish tag line and the viewing public will know enough. frankenstein ’ s name is used idly most often. all this adds enormously to the fun of collecting japanese monster movie posters. limits to hybridization not all is permitted with these east - west movie cocktails. dracula and vampires in general are absent, as are zombies. obviously there is no place for “ the undead ” in the shinto - tradition that concerns itself only with the forces of life. another noted absentee in these films is sex. sex and lust are exclusive human attributes and therefore also excluded from the most powerful force in existence. when the series is fully mashed up “ pretty ladies ” do appear as characters, but then we already are in the cardboard phase of production values where nobody thinks of sex any more.


dog ownership nearly doubles the amount of time spent healthily walking, according to an earlier study. that ' s the conclusion of a canadian study that found that dog ownership nearly doubles the amount of time spent healthily walking. " there ' s this extra dog obligation that helps get people up and out for their exercise, " study co - author shane brown, a physical education instructor and researcher at the university of victoria, said in a prepared statement. almost double the time spent walking as reported in the american journal of preventive medicine, the study of 351 adults in victoria, canada, found that dog owners walked an average of 300 minutes a week compared to 168 minutes for those without a dog. interestingly, other than walking, the dog owners in this study actually got less overall exercise than people without dogs. this suggests that when dog owners go for walks, they do it partly because they choose to be active with their pets, brown said. " there ' s a lot of common sense around the idea that if people have dogs in an urban setting, they ' re going to walk a lot, " sylvia moore, director of the division of medical education and public health at the university of wyoming, us, said in a prepared statement. infrastructure may make a difference community infrastructure - such as dog - walking parks - may help determine how active urban dog owners will be, moore and brown noted. despite the findings, brown said he ' s certainly not recommending people get a dog just to help them get exercise. " we ' re definitely not saying, ' everyone go out and get a dog. ' we are saying that for those of us who have dogs, or those who are thinking of getting a dog, this is an added benefit, " brown said. – ( healthday news, february 2006 ) visit our pet health centre for more information. - last updated : june 2010


lymphadenitis is the inflammation of lymph nodes. it is often a complication of bacterial infections, although it can also be caused by viruses or other disease agents. lymphadenitis may be either generalized, involving a number of lymph nodes, or limited to a few nodes in the area of a localized infection. lymphadenitis is sometimes accompanied by lymphangitis, which is the inflammation of the lymphatic vessels that connect the lymph nodes. the lymphatic system is a network of vessels ( channels ), nodes ( glands ), and organs. it is part of the immune system, which protects against and fights infections, inflammation, and cancers. the lymphatic system also participates in the transport of fluids, fats, proteins, and other substances throughout the body. the lymph nodes are small structures that filter the lymph fluid and contain many white blood cells to fight infections. lymphadenitis is marked by swollen lymph nodes that develop when the glands are overwhelmed by bacteria, virus, fungi, or other organisms. the nodes may be tender and hard or soft and " rubbery " if an abscess has formed. the skin over an inflamed node may be red and hot. the location of the affected nodes is usually associated with the site of an underlying infection, inflammation, or tumor. in most cases, the infectious organisms are streptococci or staphylococci. if the lymphatic vessels are also infected, in a condition referred to as lymphangitis, there will be red streaks extending from the wound in the direction of the lymph nodes, throbbing pain, and high fever and / or chills. the child will generally feel ill, with loss of appetite, headache, and muscle aches. the extensive network of lymphatic vessels throughout the body and their relation to the lymph lymphadenitis is also referred to as lymph node infection, lymph gland infection, or localized lymphadenopathy. lymphadenitis and lymphangitis are common complications of bacterial infections. causes and symptoms streptococcal and staphylococcal bacteria are the most common causes of lymphadenitis, although viruses, protozoa, rickettsiae, fungi, and the tuberculosis bacillus can also infect the lymph nodes. diseases or disorders


to rule out a hernia in the groin that has failed to reduce ( incarcerated inguinal hernia ). hernias occur in 1 percent of the general population ; 85 percent of children with hernias are male. the most significant tests are a white blood cell count ( wbc ) and a blood culture to identify the organism. a high proportion of immature white blood cells indicates a bacterial infection. blood cultures may be positive, most often for a species of staphylococcus or streptococcus. in some cases, the doctor may order a biopsy of the lymph node to look for unusual infection or lymphoma. when to call the doctor the medications given for lymphadenitis vary according to the bacterium or virus that causes it. for bacterial infections, the child will be treated with antibiotics, usually a penicillin, clindamycin, a cephalosporin, or erythromycin. supportive care of lymphadenitis includes resting the affected area and applying hot moist compresses to reduce inflammation and pain. cellulitis associated with lymphadenitis should not be treated surgically because of the risk of spreading the infection. pus is drained only if there is an abscess and usually after the child has begun antibiotic treatment. in some cases, biopsy of an inflamed lymph node is necessary if no diagnosis has been made and no response to treatment has occurred. inflammation of lymph nodes due to other diseases requires treatment of the underlying causes. the prognosis for recovery is good if the child is treated promptly with antibiotics. in most cases, the infection can be brought under control in three or four days. however, in some cases it may take weeks or months for swelling to disappear ; the length of recovery depends on the underlying cause of the infection. children with untreated lymphadenitis may develop abscesses, cellulitis, or blood poisoning ( septicemia ), which is sometimes fatal. prevention of lymphadenitis depends on prompt treatment of bacterial and viral infections. parents may be concerned that enlarged lymph nodes in their child are malignant. they should seek immediate medical attention for the child so concerns can be addressed in a timely manner. hernia — a rupture in the wall of a body cavity, through which an organ may protrude. lymph nodes — small, bean - shaped collections of tissue located throughout the lympha


blood typing procedure study links blood type and pancreatic cancer findings shed light on gene serving as marker for others involved in tumor development tuesday, march 10 ( healthday news ) - - - people with type o blood have a much lower risk of developing pancreatic cancer, a finding that might help explain the origins of the often fatal disease. the study, by researchers at the dana - farber cancer institute in boston, confirms a previously suggested tie between blood type and the disease, which is diagnosed in about 40, 000 people each year in the united states. the study found that the chances of developing pancreatic cancer were greater for people with a blood type other than o : 32 percent higher for those with type a blood, 51 percent greater for type ab and 72 percent higher for type b. however, because only a little more than 1 percent of the general population is at risk for the disease, the researchers said that blood type would not serve as a helpful screening method in the future. " except for several rare familial syndromes, the genetic factors that raise or lower an individual ' s risk for pancreatic cancer are largely unknown, " the study ' s lead author, dr. brian wolpin, said in a news release from the cancer institute. " the association between blood type and pancreatic cancer risk provides a new avenue for getting at the biological mechanisms that underlie the disease, " he said. " understanding the biology will put us in a better position to intervene so the cancer doesn ' t develop or progress. " glycoproteins, compounds of sugar and protein found on the surface of red blood cells and other cells, including those in the pancreas, help define the four major blood types. a gene called abo helps put these glycoproteins together by arranging sugar molecules on a protein " backbone " called the h antigen. in people with type o blood, the antigen has no sugars attached to it. previous studies have found that normal pancreas cells have blood - type antigen patterns that differ from those in pancreatic tumor cells, leading to speculation that the abo gene might have a role in determining whether cells become cancerous. the authors, whose study was published online in the journal of the national cancer institute, wrote that their findings do not necessarily prove a direct link between blood - type antigens and pancreatic cancer development, but they may show that the abo gene serves as a marker for other genes more directly involved in cancer development.


despite la nina, us sets 4 major heat records in first half of 2012 warmest u. s. spring on record : noaa planetark. org, june 8, 2012 so far, 2012 has been the warmest year the united states has ever seen, with the warmest spring and the second - warmest may since record - keeping began in 1895, the u. s. national oceanic and atmospheric administration reported on thursday. temperatures for the past 12 months and the year - to - date have been the warmest on record for the contiguous united states, noaa said. the average temperature for the contiguous 48 states for meteorological spring, which runs from march through may, was 57. 1 degrees f ( 13. 9 c ), 5. 2 degrees ( 2. 9 c ) above the 20th century long - term average and 2 degrees f ( 1. 1 c ) warmer than the previous warmest spring in 1910. record warmth and near - record warmth blanketed the eastern two - thirds of the country from this spring, with 31 states reporting record warmth for the season and 11 more with spring temperatures among their 10 warmest. " the midwest and the upper midwest were the epicenters for this vast warmth, " deke arndt of noaa ' s climatic data center said in an online video. that meant farming started earlier in the year, and so did pests and weeds, bringing higher costs earlier in the growing season, arndt said. " this warmth is an example of what we would expect to see more often in a warming world, " arndt said. more long - lasting heat waves, record - high daytime temperatures and record - high overnight low temperatures are to be expected in a warming world, said jake crouch of noaa ' s national climatic data center. carbon dioxide milestone " and that ' s what we ' re seeing, " crouch said by telephone. " we ' ve seen it quite a bit over the last 12 months. " alaska ' s spring months were 2. 7 degrees f ( 1. 5 c ) cooler than average and 10. 5 percent wetter and snowier, while drought spread over hawaii, though exceptional drought was eliminated across the island state. warmth was evident in parts of the arctic in may, where sea ice declined rapidly at first and then more slowly through the month, ending at below average levels for 1979 - 2000, according to the national snow and ice data center. however, there was more ice cover in the arctic in may 2012 than in may 2011, the center said on