run - off can wreak havock on local waterways - not to mention the health risks to the local community! but, no need to worry! like a wizard, i have the perfect solution for you! and while you ' re at it, you ' ll be helping heaps of others in a big way. what is it, i hear you chanting? what do i have to do? what must i eat? no, no, no! it ' s much simpler than that! it ' s what you don ' t have to eat - animals! not eating animals reduces your risk of getting heart disease, cancer, stroke and diabetes. don ' t eat animals - get a longer life expectancy - it ' s that easy! your mum ' s been telling you to eat your vegetables forever, so what better way to make her happy? sound good? great! then click here to take the pledge to be veg and give the cows one less reason to be mad ; ) most of us grew up with songs and stories of idyllic farms where all the animals lived happy lives together. it ' s no wonder most people just assume that the pig on their plate or the chicken who laid the egg they ' re scrambling lived a happy life and was cared for before she died. but as you know, that ' s not how the story goes... and animals australia ' s new radio ad campaign is out to burst that bubble. so have a listen here. we couldn ' t have been more thrilled with the impact of our recent tv ad campaign - woolworths reported that sales of pig products dropped following the campaign. finally people are realising that mother pigs in factory farms aren ' t ' cared for ' - they ' re locked in barren crates where they can ' t turn around for months at a stretch. you could even call them battery pigs : - ( it ' s hard work, but some pig ' s got to do it. and really, i can ' t complain. running endlessly from supermarket to supermarket might not sound like pig paradise, but it ' s a breeze compared to what mum endures every day back in the factory farm – she ' s stuck in a sow stall just 1cm longer and wider than her body, where she ' s barely able to move and can ' t even turn around. she had her teeth broken and tail cut off when she was a baby – without pain relief! it ' s enough to make a grown pig cry. the key to freeing her and other animals is in


to move and can ' t even turn around. she had her teeth broken and tail cut off when she was a baby – without pain relief! it ' s enough to make a grown pig cry. the key to freeing her and other animals is in the hands of everyone who visits the supermarket and makes a choice whether to buy into cruelty, or kindness. that ' s why i ' ve already visited dozens of coles ' and wollies ' in vic and nsw and continue on my quest to reach caring consumers everywhere. if you give a snort like i do about ending animal cruelty, then raise your snout high and join me on my campaign! it ' s easy – here ' s all you need to do : i ' m so thrilled! just think, more than 1 million aussies saw the truth about australia ' s pig industry. many will have never thought about where pork, bacon and ham come from before. and now they know that animal cruelty laws fail to protect animals raised for food, and that these profit driven animal industries aren ' t looking out for the wellbeing of their animals – they ' re looking out for their wallets. after the show, our office was flooded with phone calls and emails from shocked viewers who had no idea of the routine cruelty of the pork industry. many of these callers have sworn never to eat pigs again after seeing behind the closed doors of factory farms! and now ' s your chance to see the behind the scenes footage of animals australia ' s investigators inside the piggery : one of the saddest things about animal suffering is that all of the animals are completely voiceless – they don ' t vote, they can ' t speak our language and as such they cannot object to society ' s cruel treatment. but that ' s all about to change... animals australia and unleashed are about to embark on our biggest factory farming campaign ever – an australian first – and we need your help to name the cute little pig who will be the face of this campaign. everyone knows the cute little pig from the movie babe, and wilbur from charlotte ' s web. well this pig is going to be next in line of pig fame. though not a movie star, the work she ' ll be doing is so much more awesome – she ' ll literally be changing the lives of her brothers and sisters who are stuck on factory farms. so get those neurons working and let ' s rename this jane doe to be the best ambassador for the biggest anti - factory farming campaign australia has ever seen. this larger


be changing the lives of her brothers and sisters who are stuck on factory farms. so get those neurons working and let ' s rename this jane doe to be the best ambassador for the biggest anti - factory farming campaign australia has ever seen. this larger than life costume pig could haveyour name all over it, and when you see her at supermarkets or in the street ( very very soon ), you can tell your friends " i named that pig. " what ' s even cooler is that she is the only one that exists in australia ( and the world ) who is being made specifically to combat factory farming! comment your suggestions below. the winner will receive : 1 ) a free hug from this one of a kind pig 2 ) kudos from unleashed 3 ) envy from all other unleashed members ( the above illustration is our artist ' s impression, the " real " pig will be much more awesome and cute! ) update! it ' s official! " lucy " has just made her debut and is presently on the campaign trail to end factory farming! thanks for all the great name suggestions everyone!! wow! there was some great news for animals coming out of the us last week. i just wish i could say the same for australia : ( last monday ( 12 october ) michigan passed a bill that will see the phase out some of the cruelest confinement methods used in the farming industry. within 3 years, dairy calves in michigan will no longer be confined in tiny veal crates and starved of iron to make their flesh pale and soft. battery cages, used to confine egg - laying hens, and gestation crates used to confine mother pigs, will also be phased out. with these significant improvements for animals michigan has become the 7th state to ban gestation crates, the 5th to ban veal crates and the 2nd to ban battery cages. and the good news just keeps coming! california - who have already banned veal crates, gestation crates and battery cages – have added to their list of ‘ no - no ’ s ’ tail docking of dairy cows. a good sign from one of the us ' s largest dairy states, and very good news for the 1. 8million dairy cows in california! while we ' re on the topic of changes for animals, the city council of santa monica ( also in california ) has voted in favour of drafting new legislation that will restrict animal ' declawing ' – ie. the practice of painfully removing animals ’ claws. meanwhile, over the other side of the world in a little place often


santa monica ( also in california ) has voted in favour of drafting new legislation that will restrict animal ' declawing ' – ie. the practice of painfully removing animals ’ claws. meanwhile, over the other side of the world in a little place often known as ' the lucky country ', farm animals aren ' t so lucky. recently the greens in act ( and tas for that matter ) put forward a bill that would ban battery cages from act ( meaning only one business would be affected ) and the liberals and labour teamed up to shoot it down ( same story in tasmania ). with the many other parts of the world making huge advances for animals, it is disappointing that australia is still dragging its feet. it was only a matter of time – raising animals for food in filthy overcrowded sheds was bound to come and bite us in the backside, but when swine flu broke out in mexico we didn ' t expect to see it in australia any time soon. and before we knew it, we became one of the nations with the greatest swine flu count per capita. and now it ' s been found on a factory farm in nsw – the very place it originated ( ie. a factory farm in mexico ). pork representatives are trying to convince us that it ' s still safe to eat pig products, but really, was it ever safe?! if you ask the world cancer research fund : " the scientific evidence linking processed meat [ ie. ham, bacon, salami, etc ] and bowel cancer shows that the best amount to eat is none at all. " eating pigs is not only dangerous for our health, but the conditions they are raised in ( confined in cages surrounded by their own waste products ) is just a breeding ground for disease – a disaster waiting to happen. anyway, who ' s the one telling us it ' s safe? it ' s the australian pork industry ( surprise! ) – the same people who make a buck off selling it. i kind of see it like a thief telling you it ' s safe to leave your bag with him. personally, i ' m content to chow down on my flt ( facon, lettuce and tomato sandwich ) and leave the pigs in peace. earlier this month i mentioned jackie o ' s ' fat bet '. australia ' s leading lady of the airwaves had been challenged on air : lose 4 kilos and kyle sandilands would donate $ 5k to her favourite charity, animals australia ( or, don ' t – and the money goes to a


australia ' s leading lady of the airwaves had been challenged on air : lose 4 kilos and kyle sandilands would donate $ 5k to her favourite charity, animals australia ( or, don ' t – and the money goes to a factory farm! ). an absurd bet, you might think ( particularly when we all knew jackie was perfectly proportioned already! sheesh!! ) but absurdities aside, jackie knuckled down for the animals ' sake, worked hard, and held kyle to his word … and the result? well it was a verrrry close call, but i ' m glad to report that despite being 200g short of her target weight, kyle saw the light and wrote out one big phat cheque to animals australia – that will be used to expose the cruelty of factory farming! if you ' ve picked up a newspaper lately you may have noticed pigs have been getting a bit of attention ( and i don ' t mean swine flu ). recent investigations in australia and nz have revealed just how bad factory farming can get ( and as someone who ' s seen a lot, even i was shocked ). mike king may be a new name to many aussies but in nz he ' s a familiar face. the nz comedian and tv celebrity was until recently also the face of nz pork. that is, until he found out where nz pork came from – factory farms. with the help of undercover investigators king saw a factory farm first hand. the footage from this investigation was aired on the nz current affairs program sunday, to much public outrage. and it ' s no wonder people were outraged. the nz ' codes ' for pig welfare ( and the australian ' codes ' for that matter ) effectively make it legal for farmers to be cruel to pigs. for example, they permit sows ( mother pigs ) to be locked in cages called ' sow stalls ' which are little bigger than their own bodies. meanwhile back home, an investigation into one of woolworths ' major tasmanian pork suppliers has exposed one of australia ' s worst ever cases of commercial animal cruelty. investigators found starving sows with legs so swollen they couldn ' t stand to reach food or water ; one mother pig had been left to die in her own waste with a shoulder wound rotting and filled with maggots. it was some of the worst footage i ' ve seen. and this supplier, gary oliver, supplies roughly 20 % woolworths ' tasmanian pork! so the big question is how did woolworths ' react? well,


with maggots. it was some of the worst footage i ' ve seen. and this supplier, gary oliver, supplies roughly 20 % woolworths ' tasmanian pork! so the big question is how did woolworths ' react? well, it seems they ' ve given mr oliver a slap on the wrist ; told him to clean up his act ; and now it ' s back to business as usual. bit if you ask me, anyone who can leave an animal to be eaten alive by maggots should not be paid to ' look after ' animals. but the story doesn ' t end there. last week one of woolworths ' major tasmanian egg producers was also convicted of animal cruelty. on at least 2 separate visits to sun valley poultry a government inspector found hens crammed into tiny cages on top of the rotting corpses of their dead cage - mates, to the extent that they could not even stand properly. the inspector found another 27 dead birds left to rot in their cages ; not to mention birds covered in manure ; and one dead bird being cannibalised by a distressed cage - mate. so it seems that the ' fresh food people ' need a shake up. rotting birds in tiny wire cages and dying, maggot - infested pigs is not what i ' d call a ' high standard ' of animal welfare! if this sort of cruelty and neglect on factory farms makes you sick, then let woolworths know. and if you ' ve already written once and weren ' t happy with their response ( i certainly wasn ' t! ) then here ' s a few tips for how you might respond to their letter. if you ' re a 2dayfm listener you ' re probably aware by now of kyle ' s " fat challenge ". but if you ' re not, the self - admittedly rotund co - host of the kyle and jackie o show has accused the ever - gorgeous jackie of being fat! ( yes, it ' s a topsy turvy world we live in ). it seems that kyle is so concerned about jackie ' s health and belt size that he ' s issued his vegetarian co - host a challenge : lose 4 kg and he ' ll donate $ 5, 000 to her favourite charity : animals australia! and if she fails...? kyle says he ' ll give the $ 5, 000 to a pig factory farm - - jackie ' s worst nightmare! now, i don ' t know where this mic - slinging diva will even find 4 kg


if she fails...? kyle says he ' ll give the $ 5, 000 to a pig factory farm - - jackie ' s worst nightmare! now, i don ' t know where this mic - slinging diva will even find 4 kg to lose... but if anyone can do it for the pigs, i ' m willing to bet that jackie o can. the outspoken radio personality and former big brother host has already shown her commitment to helping animals by not eating them. she also posted information on her website to inform listeners about the miserable lives of animals trapped in factory farms in australia. go jackie! who do you think will win the fat challenge? you can have your say and pass on your encouragement to jackie on the 2day fm website. : - ) so over the past few weeks we have been warned of the deadly outbreak of " swine flu " in mexico that is now spreading around the world. there has been much debate about whether we are treating the pandemic too seriously or not seriously enough, and more importantly whether it really came from pigs and if pork is safe to eat. the name was even officially changed from “ swine flu ” to “ influenza a ( h1n1 ) ” to try and re - assure consumers that eating pig products is safe. but if you are like me and countless others who have been writing to newspapers and reading up on the situation, i bet you ' ve been remembering the panic when bird flu broke out and thinking " when will they get it, factory farming is a recipe for disaster! " where the swine flu outbreak started, in mexico, is just 5 miles from an " industrial pig facility " which " processes " close to a million pigs a year and is jointly owned by the world ' s largest pig " processor ", smithfield foods ( isn ' t it ridiculous that these places are referred to as " facilities " rather than " farms ", why don ' t they just be totally honest and call them prisons? ) ( you can take a tour of this ' facility ' with sharon churcher, here ). smithfield foods says the outbreak was not a result of its facility and that none of its pigs have the virus. but smithfield foods have less than a splendid track record with hygiene and honesty. whether or not this particular facility was responsible for this outbreak, the question has to be asked, how can factory farms not inevitably spread disease? there are hundreds of millions of pigs and chickens crammed in unnatural, stressful environments in these " facilities " all


or not this particular facility was responsible for this outbreak, the question has to be asked, how can factory farms not inevitably spread disease? there are hundreds of millions of pigs and chickens crammed in unnatural, stressful environments in these " facilities " all over the world. they are often fed antibiotics in their food to stop them from getting sick in these breading grounds for disease called factory farms. frequent use of anti - biotics is known to result in super - bugs that become resistant to the drugs. the huge amounts of waste they produce is not treated the way human waste is, it is instead channeled into huge open - air ses - pits, or as the " facilities " like to refer to them, " lagoons ". these lagoons attract large swarms of flies that feed off the untreated waste and then may fly to local communities. and of course, the health of communities living near factory farms can also be seriously affected ( as a great report called the pew report discusses ). with all the warning signs - the hideous animal cruelty, the previous pandemic scares and the devastating environmental toll - we have every reason to be worried of a disease outbreak. and yet people are still encouraged to chow down on their pork chops and chicken nuggets. it seems we are too scared to face the awful predicament we have gotten ourselves ( and the animals ) into with factory farming. " swine flu is a result of the inhumanity practiced by pig farmers who prioritise profits over animal welfare. people who eat pork products ignore that the pig industry severely harms the environment and the pigs. " how sadly ironic that as humans abuse animals, forcing thousands of pigs and poultry into squalid factory farms, their viruses combine and evolve into new strains that teach us a deadly lesson about the everyday abuse of animals to satisfy human greed. " so mother ' s day is just round the corner, and if you ' re like me, you ' re still umming and ahhing over what to get that special lady in your life ( ie. mum )... ; - ) well um and ah no more, ' cos we ' ve got the thing for you - a gift that gives twice! put a smile on mum ' s dial and help mothers in factory farms all at the same time with these delish gifts : ‘ sumptuous scents ’ gift contents : 1 x all - natural ecoya ' wild frangipani ' soy candle, 1 x pure gaisha ' white tea & ginger '


in factory farms all at the same time with these delish gifts : ‘ sumptuous scents ’ gift contents : 1 x all - natural ecoya ' wild frangipani ' soy candle, 1 x pure gaisha ' white tea & ginger ' solid perfume in a heart - shaped tin, 2 x constant craving dairy - free chocolate truffles, and a mother ' s day gift card, which highlights how the proceeds from this gift will help shine a light on the plight of mothers in factory farms in australia. ‘ sweet dream ’ gift contents : 1 x perfect potion ' vanilla bean ' lip balm, 5 x constant craving dairy - free chocolate truffles ( jaffa delight, coffee, scorched almond, coconut, and apricot dream ), and a mother ' s day gift card, which highlights how the proceeds from this gift will help shine a light on the plight of mothers in factory farms in australia. so easter is coming and i ' m getting pretty excited about all the dairy - free easter eggs, hot - cross buns and faux fish i ' ve stocked my pantry with. but one thing that does really get me worked up at easter, as a sydney - sider, is the sydney royal easter show! ( for those of you from interstate it ' s the equivalent of the melbourne show, brisbane ekka, etc... ) as a child i adored the easter show. my dad used to even let me have the day off school so we could beat the weekend crowds. my absolute favourite part was visiting all the farm animals. combine this with fairy floss, roller coasters and show bags and it was truly kid - heaven. despite being a sensitive, animal - loving child, all the cruelty surrounding the housing, transportation and ultimate slaughter of these animals never clicked. and why would it? the show is set up in a magical, fairytale way with all of the cute animals and none of the horrors that they must endure. first you might go to the nursery stalls where you see happy piglets, chicks and ducklings playing and snuggling up to their mothers. then in the dairy stalls they explain the " nutritious benefits " of dairy and make the whole milking process seem totally natural. moving onto the adult pigs, cows and chickens you stop to pat them, make a connection with them and admire their ribbons. everything is clean, there is lots of space and the animals look healthy and well groomed. then in the next room, there ' s a diagram explaining which


and chickens you stop to pat them, make a connection with them and admire their ribbons. everything is clean, there is lots of space and the animals look healthy and well groomed. then in the next room, there ' s a diagram explaining which cut of meat comes from which part of the animal. it is here that you might feel a moment ' s guilt at the fact animals are slaughtered, but you think " well, they obviously have happy lives up until the end, and this nutrition panel says i need meat to be healthy... gee, i think i ' ll go have a dagwood dog ". you then walk off, feeling on top of the world, singing " old mcdonald " in your head... thinking everythings ok. what they forget to mention is that baby animals are taken from their mothers in factory farms and that they have painful surgical procedures performed without aesthetic in their first fragile days of life. nor do they tell us that a mother cow isn ' t just milk making machine — she is forced to give birth every year to continue lactating, only to have her baby taken away from her and slaughtered. oh and of course they don ' t mention the fact that these animals are a tiny few of the 500 million animals in australia who, back on factory farms, are kept in prison - like conditions, denied freedom of movement, that would be illegal if they were a cat or a dog! no wonder we grow up with a warped and romanticised view of the animal farm, when even as kids we have the wool pulled over our eyes at shows like these! here ' s something different for a bit of fun. this is a good laugh … so this video got me thinking. i wonder what other animals might show me up … for example, did you know that pigeons are better at visuo - spacial problems than humans ( you know, like those problems where you have to rotate a 3d object in your mind )? or what about the fact that gorillas can lead their families over hundreds of kilometers back to the best feeding spots at just the right time of year for the food to be there. i know people who get lost on the way to the local shops! and did you know that pigs perform better on memory games than many primates. i don ' t know how many times i ' ve forgotten the pin for my bank card, and it ' s only 4 digits. actually the studies that proved this were pretty cool. they used joystick controlled computer games to conduct the research.


. i don ' t know how many times i ' ve forgotten the pin for my bank card, and it ' s only 4 digits. actually the studies that proved this were pretty cool. they used joystick controlled computer games to conduct the research. apparently the pigs really dug playing computer games … who knows pigs might not just have a better memory than me, they might beat me at guitar hero … everyone else can! leave me a comment let me know what other animals you think are better than me … but be nice, i ' m a gentle soul : - ) it ' s the voice of a little girl that has been holding a nation of radio listeners to attention over the past month. thanks to animals australia ' s brilliant " lucy speaks " campaign, people all over the country are awakening to the awful truth about where over 90 % of australia ' s pork, bacon and ham comes from. this has the australian pork industry running scared. so scared, that their top exec ' s have called an emergency meeting in canberra to draft a " media battle plan " to combat the campaign. it would seem the truth hurts, apl. it hurts even more when the sunday age publishes a story about the success of the " lucy speaks " campaign on their front page! while the pork industry is likely to recruit expensive media experts and spend buckets of money trying to convince the public that they ' care ' about the millions of pigs they lock up in factory farms and surgically mutilate without pain relief every year, we have a much simpler solution : follow the lead of countries like britain, sweden and switzerland, and stop confining intelligent animals in cages so small they can ' t even turn around. i mean — if the pom ' s can do it — how hard can it be? if you haven ' t yet heard the chilling radio ads that animals australia is still airing around the country ( thanks to generous public donations that are still flooding in in support of keeping the campaign on air ), click here to listen. we ’ re supposed to let you know that the ideas expressed here are the views of the individual authors, and may not necessarily reflect the views of animals australia or animals australia unleashed. so now you know.


cord blood testing cord blood refers to a sample of blood collected from the umbilical cord when a baby is born. the umbilical cord is the cord connecting the baby to the mother ' s womb. this article focuses on cord blood testing done to evaluate a newborn ' s health. how the test is performed immediately after the birth of your baby, the umbilical cord is clamped and cut. if cord blood is to be drawn, another clamp is placed 8 to 10 inches away from the first, then the isolated section is cut and a blood sample is collected into a specimen tube. how to prepare for the test no special preparation is necessary for this test. how the test will feel you will not feel anything beyond the normal birthing process. why the test is performed cord blood testing is done to determine the following : - blood culture ( if an infection is suspected ) - blood gases, to evaluate the oxygen, carbon dioxide, and ph levels - blood sugar level - blood type - complete blood count ( cbc - platelet count normal values mean that all items evaluated are within normal range. what abnormal results mean a low ph ( less than 7. 04 to 7. 10 ) means there are higher levels of acids in the baby ' s blood. this might occur when the baby does not get enough oxygen during labor. one reason for this could be that the umbilical cord was compressed during labor or delivery. a blood culture that is positive for bacteria measn you have a blood infection ( septicemia ). high levels of blood sugar ( glucose ) in the cord blood may be found if the mother has diabetes. the newborn will be watched for hypoglycemia ( low blood sugar ) after delivery. high levels of bilirubin could be due to infections that the baby gets before birth, including : other possible causes include : note : normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test results. most hospitals routinely collect cord blood for testing at birth, since it is relatively convenient and the only time possible to collect such blood. besides cord blood testing, cord blood can be used to treat certain types of bone marrow - related cancers. some parents may choose to save ( bank ) their child ' s cord blood for this and other, future medical purposes. cord blood banking for personal use is done by private companies, which charge for the service. cord blood can also be donated to your local blood bank for use by others as needed to treat leukemia and other cancers


for this and other, future medical purposes. cord blood banking for personal use is done by private companies, which charge for the service. cord blood can also be donated to your local blood bank for use by others as needed to treat leukemia and other cancers. american academy of pediatrics section on hematology / oncology, american academy of pediatrics section on allergy / immunology, lubin bh, shearer wt. cord blood banking for potential future transplantation. pediatrics 2007 ; 119 ( 1 ) : 165 - 170. carlo wa. the fetus. in : kliegman rm, behrman re, jenson hb, stanton bf, eds. nelson textbook of pediatrics. 19th ed. philadelphia, pa : saunders elsevier ; 2011 : chap 90. linda j. vorvick, md, medical director and director of didactic curriculum, medex northwest division of physician assistant studies, department of family medicine, uw medicine, school of medicine, university of washington. susan storck, md, facog, chief, eastside department of obstetrics and gynecology, group health cooperative of puget sound, bellevue, washington ; clinical teaching faculty, department of obstetrics and gynecology, university of washington school of medicine. also reviewed by david zieve, md, mha, medical director, a. d. a. m. health solutions, ebix, inc.


if you ’ ve held out on getting the flu shot this season, it ’ s not too late to see the benefits of vaccination, according to dr. steven l. sheaffer, associate professor of clinical pharmacy in the philadelphia college of pharmacy at university of the sciences in philadelphia. “ it ’ s important for the public to be aware that receiving the flu vaccine each year is the best way to avoid getting the flu, ” said dr. sheaffer. “ since the supply of flu vaccine is especially adequate this year, everyone over the age of six months, unless they are allergic to or have a contraindication to receiving it, should be encouraged to obtain the vaccine even at this late date. ” the flu shot contains killed influenza virus that when injected with a needle, causes the body to form antibodies against the virus. another option, the nasal - spray flu vaccine, contains a weakened version of the live influenza virus. the age groups for the spray are somewhat different than the shot, however both are effective options for protection. the centers for disease control and prevention ( cdc ) estimates that five to 20 percent of the population will get the flu each year. of that number, more than 200, 000 people will be hospitalized from flu complications, and about 36, 000 people will die from the flu. fortunately, according to the cdc the 2008 - 09 flu season will see an all - time high supply of vaccine, making it possible for more people than ever to seek protection from the flu. while flu outbreaks can happen as early as october, the cdc reports that flu activity most often peaks in february, and can continue to cause illness into the spring, making now a critical time to get vaccinated. “ roughly two weeks after vaccination, antibodies that provide protection against flu virus infection develop in the body, ” said. dr. sheaffer. “ because of this incubation period before immunity, the time is now to derive the optimum benefit. ” the flu is commonly treated using prescription antiviral medications that must be taken within the first 48 hours of infection, such as the leading treatment, tamiflu®. on dec. 19, 2008, the cdc alerted local health authorities that an early testing of the most common type of seasonal flu found that it has become virtually impervious to tamiflu®. the tamiflu® - resistant strain, one of three circulating, is still susceptible to other drugs, but a lack of alternative antiviral medications has complicated the problem. dr. sheaffer suggests


virtually impervious to tamiflu®. the tamiflu® - resistant strain, one of three circulating, is still susceptible to other drugs, but a lack of alternative antiviral medications has complicated the problem. dr. sheaffer suggests that in light of the cdc alert, the best option is to get vaccinated. even if you ’ re feeling perfectly healthy and confident that you can resist the flu, healthy people can act as a carrier for the virus and can transmit it to others who are more vulnerable to developing the infection and experiencing its complications, such as family members who may be ill or young children. the flu shot helps to reduce that risk. not sure where to get a flu shot? dr. sheaffer recommends visiting your local pharmacist. if the pharmacist cannot schedule you for the vaccination ( some accept walk in patients ) they may be sponsoring additional flu vaccine clinics. “ in many states, pharmacists have obtained additional training and a special license to administer vaccinations to adults, and are making the flu vaccine available either on a walk - in basis or with an appointment, in addition to holding their traditional mass flu vaccination days, ” said dr. sheaffer. “ these methods are helping to increase access to and utilization of the flu vaccine, and to make the process as convenient and easy as possible. there is still plenty of time. ”


usgs office of tribal relations information is a resource for native american governments, communities, organizations, and people. the u. s. geological survey ( usgs ) provides technical expertise, reports, and other impartial information sources that benefit native americans interested in subsistence issues, water, land use, and the health of many parts of the environment. native self - sufficiency, economic development, and conservation are cultivated through native decisions informed with usgs data and analyses. the usgs works in cooperation with american indian and alaska native governments, conducting research on water and mineral resources, animals and plants of environmental, economic, or subsistence importance, natural hazards, and geologic resources. digital data on cartography, mineral resources, streamflow, biota, and other topics are available to american indian and alaska native individuals and institutions. the usgs recognizes the need to learn from and share knowledge with native peoples. this report describes most of the activities that the usgs conducted with american indian and alaska native governments, educational institutions, and individuals during federal fiscal year 2002. some of these usgs activities were carried out in concert with the bureau of indian affairs ( bia ). others were conducted by tribes, tribal organizations, professional societies, and the usgs. a growing number of tribal governments, educational institutions, and other tribal organizations have begun using geographic information systems and other digital technologies in recent years. as tribes become more interested in and more adept at managing digital information, they are seeking relevant data from the usgs more frequently. using digital technologies provides tribal governments with additional means of managing lands and resources for the benefit of current and future generations. the usgs recognizes the need to make its information available to tribal governments, and to work with those governments and other institutions to advance data management capabilities. the usgs also recognizes that tribal institutions have varying needs, interests, and capacities. the usgs strives to be sensitive to the unique circumstances of each of these institutions while supporting their self - driven evolution. the usgs is responding to these needs by increasing the transfer of scientific information to american indian and alaska native governments and by training employees of those governments to conduct scientific studies and improve scientific data management. the usgs is also encouraging american indians and alaska natives to pursue careers in science and seeking ways to hire indian and native students. by identifying, improving, and disseminating information about available hiring mechanisms, the usgs is working to make hiring such students easier, and, therefore, more likely, for usgs managers. the u. s. geological survey


and native students. by identifying, improving, and disseminating information about available hiring mechanisms, the usgs is working to make hiring such students easier, and, therefore, more likely, for usgs managers. the u. s. geological survey is the federal science bureau within the department of the interior ( doi ). the usgs is non - regulatory and is not a significant manager of federal or trust lands or assets. however, as described in this report, there are several types of usgs activities that involve american indians, alaska natives, and their lands. one type of activity is the course of formal studies, conducted through existing usgs programs, that involves collection of specific types of data as well as investigative and research projects. these projects typically last 2 or 3 years, although a few are parts of longer - term activities. some projects are funded through cooperative agreements, from monies provided to the usgs by individual tribal governments, or by the bia. the usgs provides matching funds for cooperative projects. these formal projects may also receive funding from the u. s. environmental protection agency, the indian health service ( part of the department of health and human services ), or other federal agencies. the usgs routinely works with its sister bureaus in the department of the interior to provide the scientific information and expertise needed to meet the department ' s science priorities. within this context, the usgs and the bia are cooperating to use usgs information resources to benefit american indian and alaska native peoples and their lands. the second type of usgs activity is less formal, based on initiatives designed and conducted by usgs employees. frequently involving educational activities, these endeavors are prompted by employee interests, often as collateral issues, that result from one or more usgs employees identifying and responding to an observed need. in these activities, usgs employees help fulfill a mission of the usgs - - to prove scientific relevance - - while helping their fellow citizens. increasingly, some of the educational activities are becoming parts of formal usgs projects. usgs employees have also taken the initiative in assisting american indians and alaska natives through participation in several organizations that were created to foster awareness of science among native peoples and to help build support and communication networks. one such group is the american indian science and engineering society ( aises ). this group sponsors an annual national meeting in which usgs employees participate. usgs employees join this organization on a voluntary basis, bringing the benefits of this expanded network to the usgs, as many employees do with other professional organizations.


aises ). this group sponsors an annual national meeting in which usgs employees participate. usgs employees join this organization on a voluntary basis, bringing the benefits of this expanded network to the usgs, as many employees do with other professional organizations. each part of the usgs has identified an american indian / alaska native liaison. the usgs has a regional organizational structure, with western, central, and eastern regions. the regions work in concert with specific scientific disciplines to conduct the scientific mission of the usgs. the regional structure is intended to bring us closer to our customers ; we hope that native americans and alaska natives will use the contacts listed at the end of this report. how to use this report : in the following pages, diverse usgs activities related to american indians and native alaskans are grouped into several categories : highlights of fiscal year 2002 ; educational activities ; resource activities ; technical assistance ; general coordination, and ; future opportunities. if you find an interesting activity that you think might be appropriate to undertake in your area, contact the person ( s ) listed to learn how the activity was carried out. ask for suggestions as to who in the usgs could assist you in setting up a similar activity in your area. if in doubt as to how to proceed, contact the usgs employees listed on the inside of the back cover. within the usgs, this report will help staff develop outreach, educational, and program documents for future use. it is hoped that usgs employees, american indians, and alaska natives will adapt these activities in new settings and will use the usgs contacts to expand the relevance of the usgs to more americans. this document was prepared compiled by susan marcus, usgs american indian / alaska native liaison in cooperation with the regional and discipline liaisons : a general point of contact is susan marcus, director ' s office, 703 - 648 - 4437 ; firstname. lastname @ example. org the contacts provided in the report were accurate at the time of publication. please refer to the usgs employee directory or the office of tribal relations contact page if you require information about a specific activity.


12 - week or 5 week intensive elective courses in art, design & architecture, latin - american culture, environmental sciences, health sciences, social sciences and international relations, international business and economics. students who don ’ t have an advance level of spanish can enroll in courses taught in english. elective courses taught in english ( 12 week semesters or 5 week session in july ) this course is an introduction to the study of major environmental problems and issues confronting modern society. students will examine ecosystems, population patterns and dynamics ; use and misuse of resources ; population and environmental quality ; environmental citizenship and economic incentives and costa rican initiatives in eco - tourism. students will learn about the interactions between earth and land and how these interactions or processes affect our life and the stability of the planet. emphasis will be given to the study of the most relevant tropical ecosystems such as : tropical rain forest, cloud forests, coral reefs and mangroves. field trips to selected environments will provide on site examples of some of the issues learned through class work and readings. all field trips are mandatory. this course is an introduction to the zoology of terrestrial vertebrates in costa rica. students will gain insight about various biological characteristics of the groups of land chordates in the country. costa rica has an immensely rich animal biodiversity, with an influence of both north american and south american fauna and is a world - renowned hot spot for animal research and conservation. emphasis will be given to the study of costa rican species, but others will be discussed as well. this lecture / field course will provide students with a general overview of tropical plants. students will gain insight about basic botanical concepts and be able to explore a variety of ecosystems, their plants and the multiple and complex ecological interactions that can be found in these areas. costa rica is a tropical country with an immensely rich biodiversity and for this reason a very representative area to these studies. emphasis will be given to the most common plant families in costa rica, but others will be discussed as well. this course will examine agricultural and food systems from a ecological systems perspective. after establishing a foundation of basic ecological concepts ( relationships and interactions between abiotic / non - living and biotic / living components of an ecosystem ), different applications of these concepts to agricultural systems will be investigated. consumption and production issues related to food system sustainability will be analyzed, and students will explore their own role in the food system. field trips will provide opportunities for direct observation of ( and interaction with ) different approaches to food production and distribution in costa rica. this course is an introduction to


food system sustainability will be analyzed, and students will explore their own role in the food system. field trips will provide opportunities for direct observation of ( and interaction with ) different approaches to food production and distribution in costa rica. this course is an introduction to the actual world problems in natural resources management and conservation, and its effects on sustainable development efforts in tropical countries. current issues that condition the possibility for development such as poverty, global warming, deforestation and potable water will be analyzed. this course teaches students to develop the skill to analyze a particular architectural situation and be able to offer adequate design solutions that will guarantee a good quality environment. it is offered to all students with no previous knowledge of design projection and means of graphic expression, who want to learn about tropical design. this course is designed for the beginner student to help find personal meaning in works of art and develop a better understanding of the nature and validity of art as visual and space language ( line, shape, volume, light, space, time, motion, color, and texture ). this means that you will learn about the essentials of art through experience and experimentation. through determination and an open mind, you will increase your creativity and discover more interesting ways to understand and judge the visual arts. emphasis is on the diversity of form and content in artwork. with willingness to work and an open mind, your experiences in this class will be memorable in a positive way. upon completion, students should understand the basics of art materials used and have a basic overview of the history of art and how art represents its society, especially, latin american culture. art 2130 mural painting and public art 4credits ( 60 hours ) this studio art course introduces theoretical and practical aspects of large - scale painting, murals and public art. the course includes an actual practicum in large - scale media and experimentation of early and contemporary techniques including drawing, fresco, painting, aerosol and various industrial materials. the objective of this course is for students to develop understanding about some of the social roles of art and the impact of murals in communities, based upon its historical and contemporary applications. the course will enable student to control scale, color, specific techniques and safety measures aimed at public spaces. students will incorporate a service learning component by either conducting a collective workshop with children from a rural location or actually painting a collective mural as a donation to a community. the students fine arts background will help with the complexity of the final collective project but the course does not require previous painting knowledge. this studio art course introduces basic principles of


from a rural location or actually painting a collective mural as a donation to a community. the students fine arts background will help with the complexity of the final collective project but the course does not require previous painting knowledge. this studio art course introduces basic principles of drawing. the course includes model drawings, landscape drawings and experimental ( abstract ) drawings. the focus of this course is on the development of expression and observational drawing from still life, a model and landscapes. documentary appreciation will focus on the critical analysis of audiovisual documentaries, exploring film and photography mediums in traditional and new media. class interactions will comprise academic learning, viewing and discussion of material, practical exercises and written assignments. this course explores the technique, rhythm and movement style of latin american tropical dance. history, anthropology, folklore videos and songs are part of this experiential course. this course will provide students with a general overview and a better understanding of the folklore and history of latin american dance. they should also be acquainted with some of the basic rhythms in various countries. this course is a general survey of the complex heritage and social evolution of costa rica, examined through a comprehensive and multidisciplinary view focusing on the historical development and present day dynamics of economy, society, politics, natural resources and culture. emphasis will be placed upon different topics during the course, according to students ' backgrounds and expectations. can also count for ethn 3100 selected topics in ethnic studies this course examines a particular topic, theme, issue, or problem concerning the black presence in costa rica and central america. sample offerings could include central america and ethnic politics, history and culture, blacks in central american governments, contemporary black literature, history of the black experience in costa rica. this course is an overview of the history and selected concepts in major eastern and western philosophical movements and systems from ancient to the middle age periods. students will reflect on certain topics such as mind - body, concept of god, knowledge of self and others, predestination and free will, cause and effect and other fundamental ideas in classical knowledge. the course offers general and basic knowledge and skills about the possibilities and stages of digital photography applied to ecological exploration. through practice exercises and field trips students will be able to consciously create and manipulate digital photographic images while exploring costa rican ecological systems. this course offers goes over basic photographic skills as a means of cultural exploration. the practice exercises will apply the information covered in lectures so students can consciously explore costa rican culture through the creation of photographic images and essays. students will be able to consciously create photographs


this course offers goes over basic photographic skills as a means of cultural exploration. the practice exercises will apply the information covered in lectures so students can consciously explore costa rican culture through the creation of photographic images and essays. students will be able to consciously create photographs that document aspects of costa rican culture through portraiture and landscapes. the course offers the acquisition of technical knowledge and skills in the capture and manipulation of digital photographic images. students must have a digital point n ' shoot or slr camera and a basic knowledge of mac and windows operating systems. students will apply the information provided in the lectures consciously through the creation and manipulation of digital photographic images. a multicultural, gender sensitive course is designed for students who wish to learn strategies and techniques in thought and behavior transformations for conflict resolution. the course focuses on techniques to bring about positive focused changes through continuous experiences in community building and self - improvement. the course is based on the alternatives to violence project ; a program started in ny state in the seventies. fundacion ceppa, center for peace studies, has implemented this program in costa rica, switzerland and other latin american countries since 1990. using a participatory and interactive methodology, emphasis is made on the following themes : self - esteem and self - care, communication skills, cooperation, community building and conflict resolution, including mediation, bias awareness and cultural diversity. mandatory fieldwork sessions will be conducted at a school, a communal group or a penal institution. this course addresses issues of diversity and commonalities amongst human beings, implications and applications according to each situation and professional context. students will develop skills for intercultural competence. examines latin american policies that affect the international economy, with attention to trade barriers, economic nationalism and regionalism, international political economy, exchange market intervention and international transmission of economic perturbations. an overview of cultural environment of international business and the institutions which affect business today. the latin american perspective with regard to the u. s., asia and europe is examined : nafta, merco sur, the ec and other common market areas and agreements. the course will offer the chance to analyze this dynamic process from different socio - economic perspectives. it will discuss the economic importance of ecotourism for the costa rican national economy, the stimulation of grassroots, community ecotourism projects, and the role of ecotourism in securing environmental protection. the advances and limitations of ecotourism will be explored. provides the opportunity to learn about and practice the skills required for managerial excellence. these skills include leadership, negotiation, conducting performance appraisals


role of ecotourism in securing environmental protection. the advances and limitations of ecotourism will be explored. provides the opportunity to learn about and practice the skills required for managerial excellence. these skills include leadership, negotiation, conducting performance appraisals, delegation, effective communication, interviewing and making hiring decisions and effective human resource management. this course is designed to give the student an understanding of international marketing in terms of both the challenges and opportunities. the course assumes that students are familiar with basic marketing terms and have a basic to mid understanding of marketing concepts. the course will examine the concepts related to international marketing, while students analyze case studies and propose ideas through assignments to attain the objectives of the course. this course is a survey of the main events in latin american history after its independence. topics include the historical causes and effects of the independence, some of the main issues on social, economic and political problems and the main historical leaders in modern latin america. a particular emphasis will be given to the case of costa rica, giving the students an opportunity to explore the development of human rights in the following areas : women ’ s rights, children ’ s rights, hiv / aids, the cafta agreement and labor rights, indigenous groups and human rights, disability and age issues, and the prison environment. the general objective of this course is to discuss, with students, the social, economic and political issues of the process of construction of peace and democracy in costa rica and central america ( 1948 - 2005 ). this class studies the construction of migrants as others, the management of their image by media and elements pertaining to human rights and citizenship in the cases of immigrants in costa rica and opening the possibility to compare the united states as a host country. the objective is to visualize the construction of cultural identities, its effects on the intergroup encounters and societal perspectives on migration issues. the course will analyze the aspects of the economic integration, globalization and conditions for a successful integration between economies and the effects of free trade in the region as well as the effects of protectionism. there will be a special treatment on foreign investments and joint ventures in the latin america. this course examines the historical and actual events in the middle east. the focus is to understand the background of conflicts in iraq, lebanon and the palestinian territories. the aftermath of the middle east peace conference of december 2007 will be closely followed. the objective of the course is to promote the interaction of ideas and arguments based on a balanced analysis of the themes. students participate in various ways : writing essays, internet research assignments, documentary movies


middle east peace conference of december 2007 will be closely followed. the objective of the course is to promote the interaction of ideas and arguments based on a balanced analysis of the themes. students participate in various ways : writing essays, internet research assignments, documentary movies, socio - dramas and debating actual topics. this course will analyze the beginning of the international relations in latin america and the most important historical facts that marked the politics in the region in the current era. the focus of this course is on the historic background of the region before independence and post - independence that helped to consolidate the american hegemony and the insertion of foreign investment, the north american imperialism and the latin - american resistance. costa rica ’ s health care system is unique due to the fact that it ’ s socialized and has achieved excellent health indicators. the course focuses on the history and development of the public health care system within the context of the costa rican sociopolitical and economic situation. it also gives a strong emphasis on how the system actually works and points out not only the strongholds of the systems, but also its weak points. a third objective, of fundamental importance in order to understand this system, is the study of costa rica as a tropical country. students will learn about the prevention and transmission of relevant tropical diseases. this course will introduce basic concepts of human anatomy, an overview of the most common injuries and illnesses that require physical therapy, and an introduction to the different tools and methods used to treat them. the course will consist of lectures about the theoretical concepts, and also laboratory practice, which will allow the student a hands - on experience of the different techniques given during the lectures. at the end of the course the student will have general knowledge on various areas of expertise, and on techniques such as massage therapy, electrotherapy, and therapeutic exercises, among others. this course will introduce basic concepts of alternative medicine. also this course will explore, and evaluate alternative approaches and philosophies to personal health and wellness. some of the topics included are : homeopathy, tcm ( traditional chinese medicine ) acupuncture, herbal and nutritional therapies, massage, chiropractic therapy, electromagnetic therapy, breathing exercise and others. this course will introduce basic concepts of alternative medicine. health service delivery today encounters frequent conflicts, disputes, and other difficult situations, many of them derived from larger changes occurring in the health systems of the world. these conflicts include differences due to multiculturalism ; the appropriateness and quality of care ; gender issues ; power disputes and providers and recipients over


disputes, and other difficult situations, many of them derived from larger changes occurring in the health systems of the world. these conflicts include differences due to multiculturalism ; the appropriateness and quality of care ; gender issues ; power disputes and providers and recipients over institutional and funding policies. violence, its effects and costs will be part of this course, particularly under the who definition and perspectives. costa rican health care systems will be part of the course. this interactive, hands - on course offers a framework to integrate professional experience with functional communication and mediation skills. students are encouraged to explore and develop their leadership into progress on matters of public health importance. mandatory fieldwork sessions will be conducted at a medical facility, community or school. the world health organization defines health as being “ a state of complete physical, mental, and social well - being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity ”. based on this definition, the concepts of health and illness have changed. nowadays, health care professionals have to tackle the health from a bio - psycho - social concept. for this reason, it is extremely important for health care professionals ( doctors, nurses, physiotherapists, just to mention some ) to have general information about health psychology, which studies how biology, behavior, and social context influence health and illness. in this way, health care professionals can have an integral approach to the patients under their treatment. this will discuss some of the most common topics related with health psychology and pertinent to practice in the health care professions. elective courses taught in spanish ( 12 week semesters or 5 week session in july ) pre - requisite spn 301 este curso esta disenado para estudiantes de espanol como segunda lengua que cuentan con un dominio elemental del idioma en los aspectos morfosintacticos, lexico - semantico y fonetico - fonologicos, por lo que deben haber aprobado el nivel basico 1. a lo largo del curso, desarrollara su competencia comunicativa oral, que le permitira desenvolverse de manera efectiva y eficaz en situaciones cotidianas. el curso ofrece una introduccion por parte de los estudiantes al estudio de la literatura en espanol y presenta los recursos basicos para la elaboracion de un comentario o


ofrece una introduccion por parte de los estudiantes al estudio de la literatura en espanol y presenta los recursos basicos para la elaboracion de un comentario o analisis literario. el estudiante adquirira la terminologia necesaria asi como metodos criticos que le permitan generar comentarios y explicacion de textos informados. una introduccion a las herramientas teoricas y practicas para el proceso de traduccion del ingles al espanol. los estudiantes aprenderan a hacer traducciones de textos sencillos de complejidad intermedia y avanzada tratando de mantener la mayor fidelidad posible con la intencion y estilo del autor. este curso explora una perspectiva socio - historica de la lengua como un aspecto de estudio importante, para comprender el mecanismo linguistico actual dentro de diferentes contextos sociales de habla. el enfoque de este curso es analizar la variedad dialectal que se refleja en los diferentes paises latinoamericanos mediante rasgos : fonologicos, morfologicos y lexicos que toman en cuenta elementos culturales. ademas, el curso pretende como objetivo primordial conocer y poner en practica estrategias dialectales para fomentar elementos comunicativos autenticos que enriquezcan el uso del idioma espanol. el curso plantea los fundamentos de poesia, narrativa ( cuento corto y noveleta ) y drama, que servira como marco teorico de discusion de textos representativos de esos mismos generos. los textos han sido seleccionados con base en sus recursos para establecer comparaciones, y en el grado de interes que pueden despertar no solo a estudiantes de literatura, sino a estudiantes de espanol como lengua extranjera. este curso es una panoramica de la


##ado de interes que pueden despertar no solo a estudiantes de literatura, sino a estudiantes de espanol como lengua extranjera. este curso es una panoramica de la literatura espanola, desde sus inicios hasta la primera mitad de la literatura contemporanea. presenta una vision general de cada periodo en los que se ha dividido la literatura espanola, asi como sus principales caracteristicas. tambien se estudian los textos mas representativos de los exponentes de cada periodo. este curso es un estudio de algunas producciones cinematograficas basadas en textos literarios de reconocidos escritores latinoamericanos. el curso se basa en el analisis y discusion de las principales caracteristicas de la cultura, valores y tematicas de la realidad latinoamericana presentes en dichasmuestras literarias y cinematograficas. you are here : homeelective & sustainability studies


hopkins ' s failure to solve the rhetorical problems caused by narrative distances makes " the loss of the eurydice " a failed poem, for after the reader has been led to sympathize with the drowned men and boys, he finds himself jarred when the poet turns back and makes them guilty victims. in contrast, lautreamont ' s les chants de maldoror, which strives to shock the reader, capitalizes upon the jarring effect created by this traditional intonation of the shipwreck situation in post - romantic and post - christian literature. his long fugue on the theme of sea disaster opens with a grim parody of the romantic prospect poem, for rather than attain to a vision of the promised [ 187 / 188 ] land or imaginative grace, maldoror enjoys a vision of destruction the destruction of others : i sat on a rock near the sea. a ship had just put out from shore a fun sail : an imperceptible dot had appeared on the horizon and was gradually approaching, growing rapidly, pushed on by the squall. the storm was going to begin its onslaughts and already the sky was darkening, turning into a blackness almost as hideous as a man ' s heart. [ trans. alexis lykiard ] full of his hatred for other human beings, maldoror places himself in a physical position to observe their destruction, and what makes this description of maritime disaster so shocking is that it remains an experience for maldoror which has no conventional moral meaning. in other words, maldoror places himself at the physical but not the moral vantage - point of an avenging god, so that effect resembles a northern renaissance painting of the last judgment in which the artist depicts the blessed enjoying the suffering of the damned but removes god and the angels. beginning at a distance from the stricken vessel, maldoror guides us through the stages of its destruction and at each makes us aware of the suffering of those on board only to emphasize his distance from them : the vessel, which was a great warship, had dropped an her anchors to avoid being swept on to the rocks along the coast. the wind whistled furiously from an four points of the compass, and made mincemeat of the sails. claps of thunder crashed amid the lightning but could not outdo the sound of wailing to be heard from the foundationless house - a floating sepulchre.... the pumps were quite unable to expel the vast quantities of salt water which smashed foaming over the deck like mountains


not outdo the sound of wailing to be heard from the foundationless house - a floating sepulchre.... the pumps were quite unable to expel the vast quantities of salt water which smashed foaming over the deck like mountains. the distressed ship fires off her alarm gun but slowly, majestically, founders. he who has not seen a vessel founder in the midst of a hurricane, sporadic lightning, deepest darkness — while those aboard are overcome by the despair with which you are familiar — knows not life ' s mischances. finally from the ship a universal shriek or sheer woe hurls forth, while the sea redoubles its redoubtable attacks.... [ 188 / 189 ] the distressed ship fires off her alarm gun but slowly, majestically, founders. all day long they have had the pumps in action. futile efforts. and to cap this gracious spectacle, night has fallen, dense, implacable. each man tens himself that once in the water he win no longer be able to breathe.... the distressed ship fires off the alarm but slowly, majestically, founders. having watched the ship go down, this histrionic descendant of byron ' s manfred and maturin ' s melmoth exclaims : " o heaven! how can one live after tasting so many delights! it has been my lot to witness the death - throes of several of my fellow men. " the would - be connoisseur of pain tries hard to experience what is happening to these others and so he relishes the sounds that come to him across the waves : " heard now... would be the bawling of some old woman mad by fear ; now, the solitary yelps of a suckling infant.... by an effort of win i drew nearer to them. " in his mad attempt to feel and thus enjoy the sufferings of others, the narrator parodies romantic notions of imaginative sympathy. he thus tens us that when listening to the groans of the dying, he would " jab a sharp iron point into my cheek, secretly thinking : ' they suffer still more! ' thus, at least i had grounds for comparison. " the fact that maldoror has separated himself from other human beings appears with clarity in this inflicting pain upon himself to gain some idea of their mental sufferings. this scene, in other words, mocks those theories of moral sympathy proposed by hume, smith, burke, and


separated himself from other human beings appears with clarity in this inflicting pain upon himself to gain some idea of their mental sufferings. this scene, in other words, mocks those theories of moral sympathy proposed by hume, smith, burke, and others. these philosophers, who assume that man ' s innate moral sense imaginatively thrusts him into the emotional situation of other men, argue that such a capacity for sympathy or fellow - feeling is the basis of moral decision. according to them, one does not do evil unto others because one feels how they would bc affected. one does not have to strain to experience what another feels since any normal man or woman does so automatically. but lautreamont, who clearly has no such belief in the innate goodness of man, makes his character attempt desperately to experience the fates of others. maldoror must do so because he looks at them as though they were laboratory specimens behind a pane of glass — removed, unconnected, alien. lautreamont ' s protagonist sees himself as other than human ; and indeed, he dispassionately uses his musket to murder a survivor who has almost reached the shore, thus making himself the murdering lieutenant of murdering nature. maldoror, in other words, is in large part a case study of a man without what the philosophers who provided the foundations of romanticism took to be a defining human faculty. if tristram shandy is simultaneously a parody of locke ' s ideas and a moral case study of what happens if one does not live according to them, then one might say that les chants de maldoror is a similar double parody of the moral philosophers who responded to locke. 1 one must be careful, however, not to oversimplify lautreamont ' s surrealistic, decadent playing upon the perspectival conventions of the shipwreck paradigm since his work so concerns itself with parody and grim inversion. in the passage at which we have looked, for example, he mocks not only theories of the moral imagination but also the romantic prospect poem, both pre - and post - romantic shipwrecks, and the gothic situation of survivors beset by robbers on the beach. at the same time, the narrator ' s continuous revisions of the event while it is supposedly taking place ( such as his later mention of infants and old women aboard a warship ) suggest that this often strained representation of disaster is entirely imagined and not experienced by maldoror. similarly, his obvious projection of self - hatred and yearning for death upon these


place ( such as his later mention of infants and old women aboard a warship ) suggest that this often strained representation of disaster is entirely imagined and not experienced by maldoror. similarly, his obvious projection of self - hatred and yearning for death upon these imagined victims further complicates the significance of the shipwreck section les chants de maldoror. nonetheless, one thing is clear : lautreamont seeks his primary effect by playing upon the traditional christian association of the shipwreck with a divine point of view removed from the disaster. with a heavy - handed irony appropriate to the strident tone of the book, the protagonist who would watch others perish by shipwreck finds himself increasingly implicated in this situation himself. quite early in les chants. maldoror asks his fictive gravedigger, ' why do you weep?... remember this well : we are aboard this dismasted vessel in order to suffer. it is a credit to man that god had judged him capable of overcoming his deepest sufferings. ' the narrator thus finds himself within the shipwreck, with an men, to suffer some inexplicable test of endurance. he also likens himself to a ship ' s prow lifted by an enormous wave ; and later when he tries to convey his exhaustion, he happens upon an elaborate simile that seems derived from gericault ' s raft of the ' medusa ' : when the storm, with the palm of its hand, has thrust a vessel vertically to the bottom of the sea ; if, on that raft, only one man out of the entire crew remains, broken by weariness and every kind of privation ; if the billow belabors him like flotsam for hours longer than the life of man ; and if a frigate later ploughing through these desolate latitudes of staved keels sights the unfortunate whose wasted carcass bobs upon the ocean, and brings him the help that is almost too belated i believe this shipwrecked fellow would understand still better the degree to which the drowsiness of my senses was carried. lautreamont has made extravagance such a virtue that it is difficult to know how seriously he finally wishes us to understand maldoror to be himself a castaway, but the evidence of the text suggests that, like so many other decadents, the one who would enjoy the sight of others shipwrecked found himself a victim. once the relation between paradigm and narrative point of view and distance


virginia held five revolutionary conventions between august 1774 and july 1776. the conventions selected and instructed the virginia delegates to congress, organized military preparation, arranged economic embargoes of british goods, and formed the virginia committee of safety that between august 1775 and july 1776 governed virginia in the absence of the royal governor. the last of the revolutionary conventions met in the capitol in williamsburg from may 6 through july 5, 1776. on the morning of may 6, a few members of the house of burgesses met there for the last time and let that body die. the members of the fifth convention then began their meetings in the capitol. many of the delegates brought instructions from their localities to declare virginia independent of great britain. as their first order of business, they elected edmund pendleton president of the convention. on may 14, the debate on independence began. there was no question that the ties between virginia and great britain would be dissolved ( robert nicolas carter voiced the only opposition ), but there were varying opinions on how best to preserve liberty and win the clash with british forces. some of the delegates preferred to wait until foreign alliances could be negotiated, but on may 15 the delegates voted unanimously to instruct the colony ' s representatives in congress to introduce a motion for independence. on june 7, 1776, the senior virginia member of congress, richard henry lee introduced a resolution stating, " that these united colonies are absolved from all allegiance to the british crown, and that all political connection between them and the state of great britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved. " congress adopted his motion on july 2, 1776, and the declaration of independence on july 4, 1776. when the virginia convention instructed the delegates in congress on may 15 to propose a resolution of independence, it also created a committee to prepare a declaration of rights and a form, or constitution, of government for virginia. on june 12, 1776, the convention unanimously adopted the virginia declaration of rights, and on june 29, 1776, it unanimously adopted the first constitution of virginia. on the latter day it also elected patrick henry governor. he took office as the first governor of the independent commonwealth of virginia on july 6, 1776. 1. what did the convention members state were their reasons for wanting independence? 2. what did the convention resolve to do in addition to instructing the congressional delegates to enter a motion for independence? 1. compare the list of grievances the virginia convention detailed in their resolution with the indictment of george iii in the declaration of independence. how are they similar, how are they different


to instructing the congressional delegates to enter a motion for independence? 1. compare the list of grievances the virginia convention detailed in their resolution with the indictment of george iii in the declaration of independence. how are they similar, how are they different? 2. how did virginia declare its independence even before the declaration of independence was created? the convention journal was recorded during the session in williamsburg from may 6 through july 5, 1776. a governmental record, it stayed in the commonwealth ' s records when the capital was moved to richmond. in april 1865, shortly after the end of the civil war, a union soldier removed the journal from the state archives in the capitol in richmond and took it home with him. his descendants sold the manuscript journal in 1942 to a philadelphia dealer in rare books and manuscripts. when the dealer, in turn, attempted to sell the volume to the colonial williamsburg foundation, the state librarian and the attorney general of virginia intervened to ensure the document ' s safe return to the archives, by then part of the virginia state library. virginia reimbursed the dealer in the amount of his original purchase price. the transaction was one of several made during the same period that established the precedents by which the commonwealth of virginia has been able to recover a large number of lost public documents. virginia independence bicentennial commission. revolutionary virginia : the road to independence, a documentary record, vol 7 : independence and the fifth convention, 1776. compiled and edited by robert l. scribner and brent tarter. charlottesville : university press of virginia. 1983. smith, hampden, iii. " the virginia resolutions for independence. " virginia cavalcade 25 ( spring 1976 ) : 148 – 157.


the city of antalya, placed on a cliff on the mediterranean sea, stretches on top of what was the ancient pamphylia ( east ) and lycia ( west ). in year 150 bc the king of pergamon - attalos ii, founded the settlement attalia ( nowadays antalya ) to host his powerful mediterranean fleet. in year 133 bc, the city and attalos the third kingdom was willed to the roman republic, further developing being brought to it under roman period. christianity was introduced in the region after 2nd century. paul of tarsus visited antalya, as recorded in the acts of the apostles ( acts 14 : 25 - 26 ), ( antalya being referred to as attalia ). st. paul and st. barnabas came to antalya and sailed traveled further to antioch after spreading the word of their christian god in pisidia and pamphylia. the city of attalia became a naval base for the christian crusades, against the muslims in the levant and in cyprus. during the period of byzantine empire rule, antalya became a major and important city. however, during the ascension of john ii comnenus in year 1118 it was just an isolated fortress against the ottomans, which was accessible only by sea. in 1119, with the help of john axuch, john ii reconnected the city of antalya with the rest of the empire, by getting rid of the turkish pressure. go to top


about 2 % to 5 % of all pregnant women will develop gestational diabetes, a type of diabetes that usually occurs only during pregnancy. as with other types of diabetes, the body is unable to properly use glucose, a simple sugar that the body converts to energy. glucose gets used by all the different cells in the body with the help of the hormone insulin, which is produced by the pancreas. with gestational diabetes, pregnancy hormones limit insulin ' s ability to do its job. when this happens, glucose builds up in the pregnant woman ' s blood. left unchecked, gestational diabetes can harm both the mother and the fetus. gestational diabetes can increase the risk of : - having a very large baby, 10 pounds or more. this condition, called macrosomia, occurs when the fetus is exposed to high blood glucose levels and stores the extra glucose as fat. - maternal and / or fetal trauma at birth due to the large size of the baby. - hypoglycemia ( low blood sugar ) in the newborn. - jaundice in the newborn. characterized by a yellowish skin tone, jaundice is associated with a buildup of bile pigment ( bilirubin ) in the bloodstream. - pregnancy - related high blood pressure. - premature delivery. - birth defects ( rare ). - stillbirth ( rare ). the good news is that women with gestational diabetes can control their blood glucose levels and greatly minimize the risks. how do i know i have it? gestational diabetes usually starts halfway through the pregnancy. expect to be screened for the disorder between the 24th and 28th week. you are at a greater risk for gestational diabetes than others if you : - are older than 25. - were overweight before the pregnancy. * - have a family history of diabetes. * - had gestational diabetes with another pregnancy. - gave birth to a baby who was very large, had a birth defect, or was stillborn. * - have too much amniotic fluid. - have hypertension. * - have glucosuria * ( glucose in your urine ). * if you have these risk factors, you may be tested earlier than 24 weeks for the disease. doctors screen pregnant women for gestational diabetes by analyzing the sugar ( glucose ) content in a blood sample. this test usually does not require any major preparation on your part. you will drink a liquid containing glucose, and one hour later your doctor will draw a


pregnant women for gestational diabetes by analyzing the sugar ( glucose ) content in a blood sample. this test usually does not require any major preparation on your part. you will drink a liquid containing glucose, and one hour later your doctor will draw a sample of your blood. if this screening test is positive, then you will take the glucose tolerance test. you will need to fast for eight hours prior to the test. your blood will be drawn at one, two, and three hours after drinking a sweet, glucose - rich liquid that tastes like flat cola. how can i treat it? the key to managing gestational diabetes is diet and exercise. your doctor and dietitian will design a diet just for you, based on your calorie needs, weight, stage of pregnancy, and baby ' s growth rate. in general, the diet will be low in fat and protein and high in complex carbohydrates ( bread, cereal, pasta, rice ) and fruits and vegetables. you will be advised to eat three meals and one or more snacks each day. expect this diet to change periodically to meet the fluctuating nutritional needs associated with your pregnancy and glucose control. your doctor may also design a safe, effective exercise plan, based on your current activity level and health. exercises that use your upper - body muscles, but put little stress on the main part of your body, will be recommended. upper - body cardiovascular exercise can positively effect your glucose levels. often your glucose levels will decrease within four to six weeks of starting an exercise program. you can see how well you are doing by testing your glucose level several times a day. there are easy ways to test your blood sugar at home. one way involves pricking your finger and putting a drop of your blood on a special strip that turns color. you cross - check the color against a color key to determine your blood sugar level. you can also buy a machine that will give you a more precise digital reading. if you need additional help managing your blood glucose level during pregnancy, your doctor may prescribe insulin. about 10 % to 15 % of women with gestational diabetes need regular insulin injections. your health - care team will monitor your pregnancy very closely to make sure your fetus is healthy. you may also have non - stress tests during which an electronic fetal monitor ( a machine that hears and displays your baby ' s heartbeat ) is placed on your tummy. the monitor reveals whether your baby ' s heart rate is increasing in a healthy way in response to movement


non - stress tests during which an electronic fetal monitor ( a machine that hears and displays your baby ' s heartbeat ) is placed on your tummy. the monitor reveals whether your baby ' s heart rate is increasing in a healthy way in response to movement. how can i prevent? you can decrease your risk of developing gestational diabetes by exercising regularly, eating a wide variety of foods from the different food groups, and establishing a healthy weight before your pregnancy. frequently asked questions q : if i ' ve had gestational diabetes, am i more likely to develop type ii diabetes later in life? a : women who have had gestational diabetes do have an increased risk for developing type ii diabetes later in life. one study indicated that more than 50 % of women who had gestational diabetes developed type ii diabetes within 15 years of giving birth, while another study found less than 40 % developed the disease. therefore, it ' s a good idea to have regular screenings for diabetes if you ' ve had gestational diabetes. many doctors will recommend that you have an oral glucose tolerance test at your first postpartum visit. q : will my baby be born with diabetes because i had gestational diabetes? a : most likely not, though he or she will have an increased risk for diabetes later in life. after the delivery, a doctor will test your baby for low blood sugar. the doctor may give your baby glucose if his blood sugar is too low. reviewed by : irina burd, md, phd, maternal fetal medicine, johns hopkins university, baltimore, md. review provided by verimed healthcare network.


“ i ’ m so excited! ” exclaimed one of my dearest friends as she sat down for my kwanzaa dinner a few years ago. “ this is my very first kwanzaa celebration. ” then only 5 - years - old, my perplexed son j responded, “ but auntie baby, i thought you were american?!?! ” j was correct. auntie baby was american. ( specifically, she was white american. ) however, j was incorrect in thinking that every american celebrated kwanzaa. ” i first started celebrating the holiday as a college student. at columbia university, kwanzaa was a chance for black kids to come together before winter break. kwanzaa was invented in 1966 by maulana karenga. currently the chair of the africana studies department at california state university ( long beach ), karenga created the holiday “ to introduce and reinforce seven basic values of african culture which contribute to building and reinforcing family, community and culture among african american people as well as africans throughout the world african community, ” according to the official kwanzaa web site. the seven core principles of kwanzaa, which are represented through candles lit during the holiday, are : unity, self - determination, collective work and responsibility, cooperative economics, purpose, creativity and faith. when i became a mother, i was committed to making kwanzaa a family tradition. in a world that rarely acknowledges the resilience, grace and ingenuity of african - descendents, for me, kwanzaa represented an opportunity to hold our strengths up to the light. j and i faithfully celebrated kwanzaa from the time he was an infant until he was about 10. each year, we lit the seven candles, discussed the principles, threw on our kwanzaa cd and read kwanzaa children ’ s books. we hosted special dinners and brunches. friends came over. music played, and people danced. kwanzaa was so big in our house when j was little that he thought it was a national holiday, celebrated by all. fast forward to 2010 when we spent december in california. during an early morning walk, i suddenly remembered it was kwanzaa. on my phone, i quickly googled the kwanzaa principle for the day. i shouted across the misty park, “ j! today is nia! think about purpose! ” he answered simply, “ okay! ” and that constituted our entire kwanzaa celebration for the day. how did we go from


for the day. i shouted across the misty park, “ j! today is nia! think about purpose! ” he answered simply, “ okay! ” and that constituted our entire kwanzaa celebration for the day. how did we go from having day - long kwanzaa brunches to barely even remembering the holiday? we gradually stopped celebrating because ( a ) i forgot when it was, ( b ) we were traveling, and i forgot the candles, or ( c ) blah blah blah. basically, i was too busy to celebrate my culture for just one small week. what had things come to? feeling like a bad black for my non - celebration of kwanzaa, i recently conducted a super - scientific survey of my friends. ( my super scientific - surveys are e - mail or text queries blasted out to a sampling of my friends. whoever answers, answers, and whoever doesn ’ t, doesn ’ t. ) i asked “ do you celebrate kwanzaa? why or why not? do you feel guilty when you don ’ t celebrate? ” based on my survey, i concluded : 1. most people support the idea of kwanzaa. 2. most people simply can ’ t be bothered to fit another holiday in between christmas and new year ’ s. 3. nobody except me feels guilty for not celebrating kwanzaa. j, now 13, has his own thoughts on kwanzaa. noting that most african americans can ’ t pinpoint our african origins and that african culture is vastly diverse, he argues that it is inaccurate for african americans to celebrate our “ african ” heritage as if it were a monolithic entity. but j ’ s argument for not celebrating kwanzaa is precisely why we need kwanzaa in some form. african americans need to learn more about the vast diversity of african culture as well as learning about the richness of our history in america. thus, i have now, consciously decided not to celebrate kwanzaa this year. not because we don ’ t have time. and not because i won ’ t be able to find the principles on my smartphone while we are hiking in the mountains this holiday. i have decided not to celebrate it for the exact same reason i decided to celebrate it when j was a baby. when j was little, i wanted to teach him about the importance of his culture and significance of our contributions to humanity. for the mother of a 5 - year - old, singing songs and lighting candles were a great way to illustrate that. however, now i have


little, i wanted to teach him about the importance of his culture and significance of our contributions to humanity. for the mother of a 5 - year - old, singing songs and lighting candles were a great way to illustrate that. however, now i have a critically - thinking, intellectual teenager who is more interested in facts about african american inventors than nursery songs about creativity. more interested in reason than ritual. when we actively celebrated kwanzaa, i often relied on the concepts as set forth in “ africana : the encyclopedia of the african and african american experience. ” this 2095 - page tome addresses many topics pertaining to black life and history. inspired by the dream of the late african american historian w. e. b. du bois and edited by henry louis gates, jr. and kwame anthony appiah, the africana is possibly the first scholarly encyclopedia to focus on the history of africa and the african diaspora. thinking of my son and my reason for celebrating kwanzaa, i realize that if i want to teach him something, i will have to actually, literally teach him. rather than cracking open the kwanzaa section of the africana in order to quickly glimpse that day ’ s principle, lighting some candles and calling it quits, my son and i will now start reading the africana together. through this, we will celebrate our culture and our heritage. no frills. no kente tablecoth. but the goal is the same, and perhaps even more precisely achieved. editor ’ s note : this story has been updated to reflect that the person named “ auntie baby ” is a white american. more from the root dc


is sustainable - labeled seafood really sustainable? part one of a three - part series by daniel zwerdling and margot williams. rebecca weel pushes a baby stroller with her 18 - month - old up to the seafood case at whole foods, near ground zero in new york. as she peers at shiny fillets of salmon, halibut and chilean sea bass labeled " certified sustainable, " weel believes that if she purchases this seafood, she will help protect the world ' s oceans from overfishing. but some leading environmentalists have a different take : consumers like weel are being misled by a global program that amounts to " greenwashing " — a strategy that makes consumers think they are protecting the planet, when actually they are not. at whole foods, the seafood counter displays blue labels from the marine stewardship council ( msc ), an international, nonprofit organization. the msc is a prime example of an economic trend : private groups, not the government, are telling consumers what is good or bad for the environment. the msc says its label guarantees that the wild seafood was caught using methods that do not deplete the natural supply. it also guarantees that fishing companies do not cause serious harm to other life in the sea, from coral to dolphins. the idea is spreading fast throughout the food industry. megachains like target, costco and kroger are selling seafood with the msc label. mcdonald ' s says you are munching on " certified sustainable " wild alaskan pollock every time you eat a filet - o - fish sandwich. the fast - food company has used msc - certified fish since 2007 in the u. s., and as of february, they are putting the msc logo on their fish sandwich boxes. consumers like weel say the labels help them feel better about the products they buy. " i want to feel that i ' m doing the right thing, " says weel, a pediatrician, as her 4 ½ - year - old daughter bolts into the vegetable aisle in neon - colored boots. when weel shops for seafood, she says, she wants to make choices " that will help preserve the wild fish populations in the oceans. " executives at whole foods say they are helping consumers do exactly that, by pledging in recent years to sell as many msc - certified products as possible. seafood is the last major food that people catch in the wild, and " we can ' t just go out and find more fish to catch, " says carrie brownstein, global seafood quality standards coordinator


sell as many msc - certified products as possible. seafood is the last major food that people catch in the wild, and " we can ' t just go out and find more fish to catch, " says carrie brownstein, global seafood quality standards coordinator for whole foods. brownstein cites a 2012 united nations report that warned that almost 30 percent of the world ' s wild fisheries are " overexploited, " and more than 57 percent of wild fisheries are " at or very close " to the limit. other groups have devised ranking systems for seafood. the monterey bay aquarium labels products like a traffic light — green, yellow or red — to urge shoppers to buy or avoid a particular fish. the blue ocean institute has a similar system. the msc reports it has labeled roughly 8 percent of the global seafood catch, worth more than $ 3 billion. that makes it the most widespread and best - known rating scheme around the world. a recent survey of 3, 000 americans, conducted on behalf of npr, suggests that a majority of consumers want to feel good about the seafood they buy. the poll by truven health analytics found that almost 80 percent of the people who eat seafood regularly said it is " important " or " very important " that their seafood is sustainably caught. if they buy msc - labeled seafood, they may be paying a premium. brownstein says whole foods charges more for some of its seafood labeled " certified sustainable, " although she wouldn ' t give numbers. some fishing industry executives told npr that they are getting roughly 10 percent more for their msc - labeled products than for seafood that ' s not certified sustainable. that ' s one reason why many environmentalists who supported the msc in the past say you might be troubled to know what the msc and supermarkets like whole foods are not telling you : " we would prefer they didn ' t use the word sustainable, " says gerry leape, an oceans specialist at the pew environment group, one of the major foundations working on oceans policies. leape has supported the msc for more than a decade as a member of its advisory stakeholder council. but he and other critics say that the msc system has been certifying some fisheries despite evidence that the target fish are in trouble, or that the fishing industry is harming the environment. and critics say the msc system has certified other fisheries as sustainable even though there is not enough evidence to know how they are affecting the environment. when a customer sees the msc ' s sustainable label at the supermarket, " the consumer looks at the fish and says


critics say the msc system has certified other fisheries as sustainable even though there is not enough evidence to know how they are affecting the environment. when a customer sees the msc ' s sustainable label at the supermarket, " the consumer looks at the fish and says, ' oh, it has the label on it, it must be sustainable, ' " leape says. " and in some fisheries that the msc has certified, that ' s not necessarily the case. " biologist susanna fuller, co - director of marine programs at canada ' s ecology action centre, agrees. " we know... that blue stamp doesn ' t mean that you ' re sustainable, " she says. when asked if consumers should choose msc - labeled seafood, fuller pauses. " it ' s a gamble, " she says. still, even the msc ' s sharpest critics say they support the broad ideas behind the organization and its stated goals. " originally i thought it was a good idea, " says jim barnes, director of the antarctic and southern ocean coalition, a network of dozens of environmental groups around the world. " the world needed something like this to help steer consumer decisions, and so i wasn ' t against it at all at the beginning. and i ' m not totally against it now. " but barnes worries that the msc is straying from its mission and needs a dramatic overhaul. " it can be a force for good. if it continues on the path that it ' s on, however, and doesn ' t solve a lot of these issues that have been raised, " he says, " i don ' t think it will be. " protecting the oceans and the bottom line the msc was born because of a crisis. michael sutton, one of its founders, says that he and his colleagues dreamed up the idea after the cod industry collapsed off the nova scotia coast in 1992. cod fishing had been the foundation of the region ' s economy and culture, worth an estimated $ 700 million each year. but when the cod population plunged to a fraction of previous levels, the canadian government banned cod fishing — putting thousands of people out of work. " it was so bad in some of these coastal communities, the government had to send in suicide - prevention teams, " recalls sutton, who was then vice president of the world wildlife fund. " we were not only trashing our marine environment, but we were ruining the character of coastal communities that had existed on fisheries for centuries, " sutton says. sutton and other environmental advocates, and many scientists, warned that the cod collapse