the eeo counselor can provide additional information. it is filed against the current agency administrator. after the incident is reported to oeod, you will be assigned a counselor who will explain the entire complaints process and your rights and responsibilities. the processing of an eeo discrimination complaint dealing with the employment practices of a federal government organization begins with what is called the informal complaint process ( also called the pre - complaint process ). during the informal process, an eeo counselor will meet with you to discuss your concerns and will provide you with information concerning your rights and responsibilities with regard to the eeo discrimination complaint process. during the informal process there will be opportunities to explore and possibly achieve resolution to the eeo issue ( s ) through either counseling or possibly “ adr. ” there are time constraints placed on the length of the informal process. if no resolution of your issue ( s ) is achieved during the informal process, you will be advised of your right to file a formal eeo discrimination complaint with the agency. the formal complaint process begins once you send your complaint to the agency at nasa headquarters complaints division. you will first receive notification that the agency received your complaint, then the agency will perform a jurisdictional * review of your complaint and inform you if your complaint is accepted or dismissed by the agency. if your complaint is accepted, an investigation will begin and you may be offered “ adr ” in an effort to resolve your issue ( s ). you will receive a copy of the investigation report once it is completed. at that point you may request a hearing before an eeoc administrative judge or request a final decision from the agency. in either case, you should receive some type of final action notification from the agency. if you disagree with the final agency action you may file an appeal to the eeoc or file a civil action. there are time restrictions associated with different parts of the formal process, and both you and the agency have appeal rights along the way. a flow chart of the eeo discrimination complaint process may be found at this link * jurisdictional – within the timeframes dictated by eeoc guidelines. yes, in most cases you have the right to remain anonymous during the initial phase of the discrimination complaints process. in certain cases, such as harassment where prompt and effective action is required by the center, your anonymity will be protected to the extent possible and information will be shared only on a need to know basis. the eeo counselor can provide more information on this subject. also, if the complaint is not resolved at the informal phase


center, your anonymity will be protected to the extent possible and information will be shared only on a need to know basis. the eeo counselor can provide more information on this subject. also, if the complaint is not resolved at the informal phase, it can proceed to the formal phase if you choose to file a formal complaint. if it proceeds to the final phase, you will send your complaint to the nasa headquarters office of diversity and equal opportunity, where your identity can no longer be kept confidential. yes, in most cases ( see question above for exceptions ) complaints brought to the oeod will be kept confidential between you, the eeo counselor, eo director and if you elect adr counseling, the adr program manager. adr refers to a variety of approaches used to resolve conflict outside of some formal administrative or legal forum. many of these approaches involve the use of a neutral individual such as a mediator who can assist disputing parties in resolving their disagreements. the techniques or methods used in adr include approaches such as arbitration ( binding or non - binding ), conciliation, cooperative problem - solving, dispute panels, facilitation, fact - finding, mediated arbitration, mediation, mini - trials, ombuds, peer review, and settlement conferences. adr increases the disputing parties ' opportunities to resolve their issues prior to or during some formal administrative procedure or litigation ( which can be very costly and time - consuming ). in the eeo complaints arena at nasa, the term adr is normally used to mean mediation. mediation is a process entered into voluntarily by each of the parties to a dispute. this process involves the disputing parties and an impartial and neutral “ third party ” ( the mediator ) who is acceptable to each of the disputing parties. the objective of mediation is to assist the parties in voluntarily reaching an acceptable resolution to the issues in dispute. yes, any time during the formal process nasa headquarters can offer adr again and will arrange for adr. if you decide to elect adr during the formal stage, the formal investigation will continue unless a resolution is reached. yes, you have appeal rights during the formal stage. initially after your complaint and the counselor ’ s report are reviewed, headquarters will notify you in regards to whether your complaint was accepted or rejected. if accepted, the formal investigation process will begin. if the complaint is rejected, headquarters will send a letter explaining the reasons the complaint was denied and will inform you of your appeal rights should


| home earth british virgin islands _ _ _ british virgin islandsdestination british virgin islands, short bvi. this page aims to give you a broad overview of the islands ' art, culture, people, environment, geography, history, economy and government. beside a country profile with facts and figures, the page contains links to sources which provide you with all the information you need to know about this caribbean island, e. g. : official web sites of british virgin islands, domestic airlines, islands guides with travel and tourism information on accommodation, tourist attractions, events and more like weather information, maps, statistics and local newspapers from british virgin islands. tortola - road town © bvitourism. com british virgin islands flag of british virgin islands the british virgin islands comprise more than 40 caribbean islands and islets, 16 of them are inhabited. first settled by the dutch in 1648, the islands were annexed in 1672 by the english. during the 17th century, the archipelago was divided into two territorial units, one english and the other danish. sugarcane, produced by slave labor, drove the islands ' economy during the 18th and early 19th centuries. in 1917, the us purchased the danish portion, which had been in economic decline since the abolition of slavery in 1848. the economy of bvi is closely tied to the larger and more populous us virgin islands to the west ; the us dollar is the legal currency. there are lots of deals online to help save on last minute trips to the islands as well as a number of all inclusive resorts. related countries : uk neighboring islands : antigua and barbuda, montserrat, st. kitts and nevis, us virgin islands british virgin islands iso country code : vg local time = utc - 4h actual time : mon - may - 20 07 : 47 country calling code : + 1 284 capital city : road town ( on tortola ) other towns : spanish town ( on virgin gorda ) government : overseas territory of the uk with internal self - governing. location : caribbean, east of puerto rico. area : 153 sq km ( 59 sq miles ) terrain : coral islands are relatively flat ; the volcanic islands steep and hilly. climate : subtropical ; humid ; temperatures moderated by trade winds. nationality : british virgin islander ( s ) population : 28, 000 ( 2012 ) ethnic groups : black 83 %, white, indian, asian and mixed. languages : english, spanish natural resources : sun, sand, sea, surf. agriculture products : fruits, vegetables ; livestock, poultry ; fish


: 28, 000 ( 2012 ) ethnic groups : black 83 %, white, indian, asian and mixed. languages : english, spanish natural resources : sun, sand, sea, surf. agriculture products : fruits, vegetables ; livestock, poultry ; fish. industries : tourism, light industry, construction, rum, concrete block, offshore financial sevice. exports partners : virgin islands ( us ), puerto rico, usa imports partners : virgin islands ( us ), puerto rico, usa currency : us dollar ( usd ) note : external links will open in a new browser window. bvi government information service british virgin islands gateway to the government, the site provides a broad spectrum of information related to the bvi. british virgin islands useful information information you need to know when visiting bvi. foreign & commonwealth office ( fco ) the british government department responsible for overseas relations and foreign affairs. uk embassies overseas address list of uk embassies abroad. map of puerto rico and and the u. s. virgin islands map of the virgin islands political map of the virgin islands. virgin islands maps map based virgin islands website. google earth virgin islands searchable satellite view of virgin islands. map of central america and the caribbean reference map of central america and the caribbean. british virgin islands news. bvi stand point the weekly authoritative guide to what ' s happening in the british virgin islands, features the islands ' best clubs, top bands and most popular community events. the development planning unit governmental department for development planning. trade and investment promotion department governmental department for trade and investment promotion. bvi air charter service. bvi ports authority ports authority of the british virgin islands. accommodation, hotels, attractions, festivals, events, tourist boards, fishing, sailing, horseback riding, hiking, boating, cruising, kayaking, scuba diving, yachting and much more. the british virgin island the official site of the bvi tourist board. british virgin islands welcome tourist guide published in collaboration with the the british virgin islands islands internet index. guide to british virgin islands an extensive online travel guide for the british virgin islands. bvi tourist board ' s guide to tortola. bvi tourist board ' s guide to virgin gorda. jost van dyke bvi tourist board ' s guide to jost van dyke. bvi tourist board ' s guide to anegada. the weekly updated bvi event guide. travel and tour consumer information sunset on virgin gorda © bvi tourist board h. lavity stoutt community college - hlscc institution for higher


bvi tourist board ' s guide to anegada. the weekly updated bvi event guide. travel and tour consumer information sunset on virgin gorda © bvi tourist board h. lavity stoutt community college - hlscc institution for higher education in the bvi. association of reef keepers ark is dedicated to protect the bvi ' s marine environment. island resources foundation environmental planning for island development. national parks trust of the british virgin islands site about the trust and the national parks of bvi. the british virgin islands - history history of the virgin islands. virgin islands digital collection sources of information on virgin islands ' history and culture at uvi libraries. virgin islands history danish national archives ' website on the history of the danish west indies, 1671 - 1917. additional information on british virgin islandsbbc news country profile : british virgin islands governments on the www : british virgin islands open directory project : british virgin islands wikipedia : british virgin islands the world factbook - - british virgin islands search nations online | bookmark / share this page : other countries and territories in the caribbean anguilla | antigua and barbuda | aruba | bahamas | barbados | cuba | dominica dominican republic | grenada | guadeloupe | haiti | jamaica | martinique | montserrat | netherlands antilles puerto rico | saint kitts and nevis | saint lucia | saint vincent and the grenadines trinidad and tobago | u. s. virgin islands countries of the world : a - c | d - g | h - l | m - p | q - t | u - z continents : africa | the americas | asia | australia / oceania | europe one world - nations online. :. let ' s care for this planet actually, freedom can not be simulated... or? nations online project is made to improve cross - cultural understanding and global awareness. stop attempts to suppress freedom of expression. don ' t let the u. s. or anyone else regulate the internet of the world. the net is ours because we ' ve created it!


from natural wellbeing methylisothiazolinone or simply called mit is classified as a preservative. it belongs to a group of isothiazolinones which are used in many personal care products such as shampoos and soaps. these chemicals have the amazing ability to control the growth of microbes in a solution. it may also be added to products to preserve its smell. methylisothiazolinone is used in many industries such as paper, fuels as well as in the mining industry. although the chemicals that belong to the isothiazolinones are perfect in preserving products and in keeping them microbe free, they are however toxic to fish and the environment as well. methylisothiazolinone is found to have caused many occupational illnesses and researchers have found this product to be an allergenic and a cytotoxic as well. history and origin the use of isothiazolinones especially methylisothiazolinone in many industries is definitely indispensable. its use has been widely accredited especially in the field of preservation and anti - fouling. the major setback with the use of this chemical is the effect of its use for environment and at the same time to humans who come in contact with isothiazolinones in many industries. there are also trace non - occupational hazards of isothiazolinones in the many products that we use in our homes, such as in air conditioning units, paper, adhesives and also in leave - on personal products and cosmetics. the use of methylisothiazolinone was unheard of during the ancient times. preservation of food however was already done to make harvested foods last throughout the season. salt was the main preserving agent and it was usually used to preserve fish, meat, game, fruits and also some vegetables. methylisothiazolinone is used in industries where microbial growth must be controlled over a water - containing solution. in personal care products, it has been effectively used in shampoos, soaps, liquid detergents and in cleaning solutions for the home. methylisothiazolinone is also used for the production of paper ; it is used to control slime development on production. it is found in adhesives that we use in the home and in industrial settings ; it controls microbial development in these products. there are still leave - on cosmetics that use methylisothiazolinone such as hand creams, moisturizing lotions and even make - up. food labels and


climate change might have helped bring about the fall of the ancient khmer civilization in angkor, cambodia, nearly 600 years ago, new research suggests. historians have given various explanations for the fall of the empire that stretched across much of southeast asia between the ninth and 14th centuries ( 801 to 1400 ), from land overexploitation to conflict with rival kingdoms. but the new study offers strong evidence that two severe droughts, punctuated by bouts of heavy monsoon rain, could have weakened the empire by shrinking water supplies for drinking and agriculture, and damaging angkor ' s vast irrigation system, which was central to its economy. the kingdom, one of the greatest civilizations of all time, is thought to have collapsed in 1431 after a raid by the siamese from present - day thailand. " angkor at that time faced a number of problems — social, political and cultural. environmental change pushed the ancient khmers to the limit and they weren ' t able to adapt, " said study author brendan buckley, a climate scientist at columbia university ' s lamont - doherty earth observatory in new york. " i wouldn ' t say climate caused the collapse, but a 30 - year drought had to have had an impact. " the researchers were able to reconstruct 759 years of past climate in the region surrounding angkor by studying the annual growth rings of cypress trees in a nearby national park. the tree rings revealed evidence of a mega - drought lasting three decades — from the 1330s to 1360s — followed by a more severe but shorter drought from the 1400s to 1420s, right before the empire collapse. the droughts could have led to crop failure and a rise in infectious disease, and both problems would have been exacerbated by the density of the population, buckley said. they also found evidence for intense rainy seasons that might have damaged angkor ' s hydraulic system. during a normal monsoon season, angkor ' s vast network of canals, embankments and reservoirs could have handled heavy downpours, but after extended droughts, the system may have been vulnerable to clogging. the researchers suspect that el nino, a cyclical warming of the tropical pacific ocean, might have played an important role in shutting down the monsoon rains in this region, leading to droughts. " the evidence from monsoon asia should remind us that complex civilizations are still quite vulnerable to climate variability and change, " said study researcher kevin anchukaitis, also of columbia university. similar studies suggest that abrupt environmental changes may have pushed other ancient civilizations


an ultra - fast u. s. military drone that streaked across the sky at 13, 000 mph and met its demise in the pacific was doomed by the excessive heat of hypersonic travel, which literally peeled away the drone ' s metal skin, military officials have revealed. a seven - month study by the military ' s defense advanced research projects agency, or darpa, has found that the so - calledhypersonic technology vehicle 2 ( htv - 2 ) amazingly recovered from shockwaves that forced it to roll while traveling at mach 20 ( about 20 times the speed of sound ) in an august 2011 test. but the unmanned aircraft was unable to cope with damage to its exterior caused by its extreme speed, darpa officials said. according to darpa, " a gradual wearing away of the vehicle ' s skin as it reached stress tolerance limits was expected. however, larger than anticipated portions of the vehicle ’ s skin peeled from the aerostructure. " [ photos : darpa hypersonic mach 20 test ] the entire htv - 2 test flight lasted nine minutes, with htv - 2 actually flying in a controlled manner for three minutes, darpa officials said. darpa launched the arrowhead - shaped htv - 2 flight on aug. 11 in the second of two tests of a prototype for a hypersonic glider as part of the advanced conventional prompt global strike weapons program, which is aimed at developing a bomber capable of reaching any target on earth within an hour. the first test occurred in 2010. space news from nbcnews. com teen ' s space mission fueled by social media science editor alan boyle ' s blog : " astronaut abby " is at the controls of a social - media machine that is launching the 15 - year - old from minnesota to kazakhstan this month for the liftoff of the international space station ' s next crew. - buzz aldrin ' s vision for journey to mars - giant black hole may be cooking up meals - watch a ' ring of fire ' solar eclipse online - teen ' s space mission fueled by social media " the initial shockwave disturbances experienced during second flight, from which the vehicle was able to recover and continue controlled flight, exceeded by more than 100 times what the vehicle was designed to withstand, " darpa acting director kaigham j. gabrielsaid in a statement. " that ' s a major validation that we ’ re advancing our understanding of aerodynamic control for hypersonic flight. " the htv - 2 launched atop a rocket from california ' s vandenberg air force base


. gabrielsaid in a statement. " that ' s a major validation that we ’ re advancing our understanding of aerodynamic control for hypersonic flight. " the htv - 2 launched atop a rocket from california ' s vandenberg air force base, then came streaking back to earth at hypersonic speeds. hypersonic flight is typically defined as any flight that surpasses the speed of mach 5. when htv - 2 reached mach 20, it experienced temperatures of nearly 3, 500 degrees fahrenheit. nasa ' s space shuttles, for comparison, flew at speeds of up to mach 25 when they re - entered earth ' s atmosphere. a darpa engineering review board found " most probable cause of the htv - 2 flight 2 premature flight termination was unexpected aeroshell degradation, creating multiple upsets of increasing severity that ultimately activated the flight safety system. " that safety system, once it realized the htv - 2 was in an unrecoverable situation, destroyed the vehicle by pitching it into the ocean. " the result of these findings is a profound advancement in understanding the areas we need to focus on to advance aerothermal structures for future hypersonic vehicles. only actual flight data could have revealed this to us, " said air force maj. chris schulz, darpa program manager. darpa officials said that more analysis on the htv - 2 test flight will continue via ground tests and will be used as a resource for future conventional prompt global strike weapons technology efforts. 7 sci - fi weapons of tomorrow here todayhow darpa ' s htv - 2 hypersonic bomber test worksphotos : breaking the sound barriercopyright 2012 space. com, a techmedianetwork company. all rights reserved. this material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed. © 2013 space. com. all rights reserved. more from space. com.


long beach, calif. — nasa ' s 23 - year - old hubble space telescope is still going strong, and agency officials said tuesday they plan to operate it until its instruments finally give out, potentially for another six years at least. after its final overhaul in 2009, the hubble telescope was expected to last until at least 2015. now, nasa officials say they are committed to keeping the iconic space observatory going as long as possible. " hubble will continue to operate as long as its systems are running well, " paul hertz, director of the astrophysics division in nasa ' s science mission directorate, said here at the 221st meeting of the american astronomical society. hubble, like other long - running nasa missions such as the spitzer space telescope, will be reviewed every two years to ensure that the mission is continuing to provide science worth the cost of operating it, hertz added. in fact, hubble supporters hope it will continue to run even after its successor, the james webb space telescope ( jwst ), is launched — an event planned for 2018. " we are not planning to arbitrarily end the operation of hubble when jwst is launched, " hertz said during a nasa town hall meeting at the aas conference. " it may be great if we get at least one year of overlap between jwst and hubble. " [ building the james webb space telescope ( photos ) ] the hubble space telescope was launched in april 1990, and has since been upgraded five times by astronauts in orbit. its last space shuttle servicing mission in may 2009 left the scope with two new instruments, including a wide - field camera and a high - precision spectrograph to spread out light into its constituent wavelengths. the space telescope is named after the late astronomer edwin hubble ( 1889 - 1953 ), who proved that the universe is expanding. " it ' s working better than ever, 23 years in, " dan coe, an astronomer working with hubble at the space telescope science institute in baltimore, md., told space. com. " we ' re still pushing the frontier. " coe agreed that overlap time with both hubble and james webb operating simultaneously would be ideal. such a plan would allow the observatories to work on complementary projects and provide crosschecks between the two telescopes ' measurements. how long hubble can run also depends on nasa ' s budget, which, like funding for all federal agencies, is uncertain given the economic challenges in the united states. " it


friends of wildlife : every animal has a right to humane medical care. it is heart breaking when there are ” no more beds ” in our hospital for wildlife in dire need. there are millions of common wildlife injured or orphaned every year in massachusetts. the center can treat approximately 2, 000 patients a year. this is a drop in the bucket! we do not have the funding for staff to treat more. there is no government funding or publicly funded entity to care for suffering wildlife. less than 1 % of the center ’ s resources come from folks that bring us wild patients. by law, we cannot charge anyone, including municipalities, state agencies, and organizations that bring us ailing wildlife. read more … find a wild animal? orphaned animals – many baby animals that are found alone are not truly orphaned. please first consult these guidelines to attempt to reunite the baby with its mother. injured animals – any animal that is found with obvious injuries should be brought to a wildlife rehabilitator or veterinarian for assessment and care. be careful not to confuse a juvenile animal learning to be on its one with an injured adult. these aging charts for birds and mammals will help you tell the difference. nuisance animals – as advocates for wildlife we always recommend that native wildlife be left undisturbed unless it is injured or truly orphaned. relocating wildlife is illegal in massachusetts and often leads to orphaned babies that soon die. here is a link to why moving wildlife is harmful. also, here is a great link to learn how to live comfortably with wildlife. wildlife facts — massachusetts department of game and fish is a great resource for facts about native wildlife. here is the link to their wildlife facts. visiting wild patients — because all of our patients are wild, they are extremely stressed by being in captivity. our goal is to minimize the animal ’ s stress by limiting their exposure to humans while in the hospital. for this reason we do not allow the public to visit any animals that they bring to us. however, our center is open 7 days a week and the hospital is windowed. updates on wild patients – due to our limited staffing we are unable to give updates on wildlife patients by phone or email. staff time is best spent caring for the animals. at this point, our only means to update you is to send a postcard to let you know ultimately what happened with the animal. if you did not fill out a postcard address label when the animal was admitted, you can call the wildlife center and give us your name, mailing address and the type


ames, iowa – there are several risk factors that influence whether an offender walks out of prison for good or one day returns to the correctional system. states make a significant investment in treatment programs with the goal of reducing the rate of recidivism, and researchers at iowa state university say that investment is paying off. “ it goes back to the big question : does treatment work? and we show pretty powerful effects overall that it does. there ’ s nobody that can look at that kind of reduction and say dollars spent on treatment are not worth it, ” said andy hochstetler, a professor of sociology. researchers expected most of the benefits to appear in the short - term, but found that treatment was still effective even two years after the initial investment. the research also uncovered a significant disparity between urban and rural parolees that hochstetler and david peters, an assistant professor of sociology, cannot yet explain. “ we found that treatment only works for people paroled to urban areas, not for people in rural areas, ” peters said. “ we found that treatment has no effect for rural parolees. the spatial concentration of parolees in urban areas however, means that treatment works overall. ” treatment for urban parolees reduced the recidivism rate by 40 percent. hochstetler and peters can only speculate about reasons for the differences for rural parolees. they believe access and distance to treatment programs could be contributing factors. in their study, they controlled for factors such as severity of the original crime, time spent in prison and community structural issues. “ it ’ s not the community poverty rate, it ’ s not the labor economy and it ’ s not all those other things, ” hochstetler said. alcohol and drug issues substance abuse treatment is the most common type of assistance for offenders, followed by programs that help improve cognitive and decision - making skills. although researchers can show that treatment works, 65 percent of offenders in iowa do not complete any treatment program while they are incarcerated or during the first year after they are granted parole. “ the average sentence is pretty short, so a lot of the inmates are paroled before their treatment is complete, ” hochstetler said. “ a lot of inmates don ’ t have to do treatment, a lot of them refuse treatment, and a lot of them have psychiatric problems that prevent the standardized kinds of treatment that the department of corrections can offer. ” researchers know that drug and alcohol problems increase the risk of recidivism and that rural parolees continue to


them refuse treatment, and a lot of them have psychiatric problems that prevent the standardized kinds of treatment that the department of corrections can offer. ” researchers know that drug and alcohol problems increase the risk of recidivism and that rural parolees continue to struggle with substance abuse, even if they have received treatment. “ with substance abuse, some would argue that you can never really treat that, it ’ s always going to be an ongoing problem. you ’ re never cured, ” said peters. “ it ’ s always something that you have to keep under control. ” urban parolees typically face fewer barriers to accessing treatment because there are more substance abuse programs available and they have greater access to public transportation. peters and hochstetler want to know if limited access and distance to programs in rural areas may increase the chances that parolees will relapse and violate the terms of their parole. ongoing research efforts for the first phase of this research project, hochstetler and peters analyzed data about treatment programs and recidivism rates from the iowa department of corrections and community - based corrections programs. they presented their findings to the iowa board of corrections in january. the research is funded through a grant from the national institutes of justice. now they hope the second phase of their study – which includes interviews with probation officers and community corrections officials – will help them understand why treatment doesn ’ t work for rural parolees. “ clearly, there is a difference in how you engage rural and urban parolees. we don ’ t know why, but we ’ re hoping to say that for rural parolees there are certain strategies that work best and for urban parolees a different set, ” peters said. “ we ’ re hoping to find a set of tools or best practices and strategies that we know will have an effect given the risks of the offenders. ” identifying those best practices can help reduce the rate of recidivism and provide a cost savings for states.


north broad a street of dreams during short - lived golden age november 20, 2012by shai ben - yaacov " i ' m told this street is respectable, " says one character in edith wharton ' s novel the age of innocence. " it ' s not fashionable, " comes the reply. that ' s pretty much how it was on north broad street in the late 19th century. the industrial revolution had begun, and philadelphia was known as the " workshop of the world, " making textiles, locomotives and beer. on whyy - fm, newsworks tonight ' s nov. 20 show is devoted to north broad street " after the civil war, philadelphia was really going full blast, " said robert morris skaler, forensic architect and author of philadelphia ' s broad street south and north. " they were making all kinds of things. north broad street was a great place for people to live, because it hadn ' t been developed yet. " skaler ' s book is filled with images from this golden age of north broad, an age capped by the construction of the grand lorraine apartments, which are now the abandoned divine lorraine hotel. he describes what made the area so desirable. " it was big and wide, " he said. " about six carriages could go side - by - side, so it was a great street to jump on your carriage and go all the way out, perhaps to diamond, and then make a left and head out to the park — and also the fact that there were so many churches on the street that, on a nice sunday afternoon, it was packed. people walking back and forth — it ' s almost like a boardwalk kind of thing going on. " the rise of new money so the street became populated by the so - called nouveau riche — those who made, rather than inherited their money. skaler says some of them included michael bouvier, the ancestor of jacquelyn bouvier kennedy, department store owners, alice gimble, and industrialist henry disston and his son, along with p. a. b. widener and william elkins. " you get these huge houses built along there, " said skaler. " their stables were in the back streets unlike rittenhouse square, where the stables and the houses were all mixed up together. " rittenhouse square, of course, was where old money lived in philadelphia. a passage from a book called north of broad, published by an anonymous author during the time period, is telling. " by the way,


all mixed up together. " rittenhouse square, of course, was where old money lived in philadelphia. a passage from a book called north of broad, published by an anonymous author during the time period, is telling. " by the way, what ' s your locality? is it north or south of market? " he asked anxiously. " i don ' t know, " answered helen. " it ' s on grafton street, about a mile from girard college. " " oh dear, dear, " said he, in a distressed tone. " that is all wrong. it should be two miles or two miles and a fraction at least, if my memory serves. an inch or more makes all the difference in the world your social position in philadelphia. " a north - south rivalry nowhere does this conflict play out more succinctly than in the battle for cultural superiority of the day. what south broad street had in the academy of music, north broad emulated in the metropolitan opera house, built by the famous oscar hammerstein. in the 2000 whyy - tv documentary a walk up broad street, architect hy myers said the met represented efforts to one - up the establishment. " the academy of music had 3, 100 seats, " said myers. " the met, 4, 100 — a thousand more. the proscenium of the academy, 50 feet wide. [ hammerstein ] made his a hundred feet wide. the academy was made of brownstone on the front. he decided to make his white, marble and white brick, because he wanted his to be bigger in appearance, more glamorous in appearance. " on the met ' s opening night, nov. 17, 1907, the two venues had a showdown. " hammerstein ' s metropolitan opera house opened with carmen and a cast of 700, " skaler said. " that same night, the academy of music opened its season with the great tenor enrico caruso. " " now philadelphia society doesn ' t know where to go, " said myers. " ' shall i go to the academy? shall i go to the met? ' they do both! " at intermission, the audience left the academy, rushed to the waiting carriages and cars, and headed north on broad street to arrive at the met in time to see the second half of carmen. hammerstein purposely delayed the opera ' s intermission, thus filling all his 4, 000 seats. however, skaler said, it was a hollow victory. within five years, the met


biodiversity of new hampshire what is biodiversity? biodiversity is the variety and variability of all living organisms. it includes whole organisms, their genes, the natural communities in which they live, and the complex interactions among and between organisms and their physical environment. natural levels of biodiversity may be very high, as in tropical regions with favorable growing conditions and high species counts per unit area. biodiversity can also be very low in places like deserts and arctic regions, where conditions are harsh and few species can survive. the biodiversity in a given area decreases when species suffer local extinctions, when invasive species form monocultures that displace native species, and when the natural habitats that support the local species are fragmented or destroyed. on a landscape scale, unique components of biodiversity, such as species or natural communities with limited distributions, are focal points for conservation efforts. biodiversity has important value. direct use values include recreation, medicine, and forest products. indirect use values derive from important ecosystem services, such as soil building, erosion control, fire prevention, water quality improvement, contaminant absorption, flood reduction, crop pollination, and pest control. finally, biodiversity has important non - use values. people apply value to species or places simply by knowing of their existence, even if they may never see or experience these resources firsthand. protecting biodiversity in new hampshire in 1998, the nh ecological reserves system project concluded : though conservation lands comprise approximately 20 % of the land area in new hampshire, the current system of conservation lands in new hampshire does not appear to provide comprehensive, long - term protection of biodiversity at the species, natural community, or landscape levels ( nh ecological reserve system project 1998a ). the nh natural heritage bureau facilitates protection of the state ' s biodiversity by providing information about key areas that support rare species, rare types of natural communities, and high quality examples of common natural community types. exemplary natural communities are particularly important because we assume that if we protect an adequate number of viable examples of each natural community type, we can protect the majority of new hampshire ' s species. this is sometimes referred to as a " coarse filter " approach to protecting biodiversity. the coarse filter can miss important species, however, so it needs to be augmented with a finer filter. the fine filter approach generally focuses on individual rare species that are not tied to specific natural community types. for example, the rare, federally threatened small whorled pogonia ( isotria medeoloides ) occurs in common forest communities in southern new hampshire, but only in a few places. existing populations may


tied to specific natural community types. for example, the rare, federally threatened small whorled pogonia ( isotria medeoloides ) occurs in common forest communities in southern new hampshire, but only in a few places. existing populations may not be captured by the coarse filter approach, so we need to employ a fine filter, by conducting surveys for the plant itself, to ensure that the species is protected. long - term protection of new hampshire ' s species, natural communities, and ecological processes requires a variety of conservation approaches. the goal of nh heritage ' s coarse and fine - filter approaches is to inform management decisions by identifying those sites that have a relatively greater potential for maintaining the natural diversity within the state. the foundation for successful biodiversity protection is maintaining a series of representative examples of all the state ' s natural community types, with their constituent species and underlying ecological processes. a good strategy for this kind of protection would be to conserve a series of connected, high quality natural community types ; this series would ensure that ecological processes that connect natural communities remain functionally intact within a broader landscape context. in short, there is a need for reserve areas with natural communities protected within a diverse landscape, not just in isolation. nh natural heritage strives to connect the state ' s residents and visitors with its native biodiversity. the visiting nh ' s biodiversity program offers a series of interpretive trail guides and descriptive profiles for a variety of sites with exemplary natural communities and rare plant species.


- views japan ’ s robots : becoming more human - the dolls that sparked japan ’ s love of robots : “ karakuri ningyo ” - [ 2012. 07. 31 ] read in : 日 本 語 | | | francais | espanol | the mechanical dolls of the edo period, called karakuri ningyo, were the starting point of japan ’ s love affair with robots. the intricate clockwork motors inside dolls create playful, realistic movements that capture the imagination and inspire affection. a must - have product in the edo period clockwork - powered mechanical dolls, called karakuri ningyo, first became popular in japan during the edo period ( 1603 – 1868 ). perhaps the best - known type of mechanical doll is the chahakobi ningyo ( tea - serving doll ). it stands at the ready, holding a tea saucer in both hands, and when a teacup is placed on the saucer, the doll bows its head and begins to shuffle forward on its feet, delivering the tea to the customer. once the teacup is removed, and the doll stops moving. when the emptied teacup is returned to the saucer, the doll turns around and dutifully shuffles back to its original position. another well - known mechanical doll is the dangaeri ningyo ( stair - walking doll ) ; it can make its way a down series of steps by doing back handsprings. the doll ’ s center of gravity shifts as mercury moves around an interior chamber. this causes the doll to flip end over end. meanwhile, the shinatama ningyo ( magician doll ) was designed to perform a simple parlor trick : a young child dressed in chinese - style clothing lifts and lowers a box, each time revealing a different surprise within. these mechanical dolls are grouped under the category of zashiki ( tatami room ) karakuri — small mechanical dolls often used in the home as a popular amusement at parties or during festivals. this type of doll won admiration from people across every layer of edo society, from daimyos and members of the imperial court to the merchant class and even commoners. the dolls began to fall out of fashion, however, around the time of the meiji restoration ( 1868 ) and thereafter. in recent years, though, there has been a revival of zashiki karakuri dolls. stories about the dolls have appeared in science magazines and other publications, helping to spark interest among a new generation encountering them for


1868 ) and thereafter. in recent years, though, there has been a revival of zashiki karakuri dolls. stories about the dolls have appeared in science magazines and other publications, helping to spark interest among a new generation encountering them for the first time. han ’ ya harumitsu, who has dedicated himself to building and restoring these mechanical dolls, sees a fundamental link between the edo period dolls and contemporary japanese technologies, as he explains : “ the way that these dolls employ gears and other clever techniques to control and redirect the clockwork motion has something in common with how modern robots are directed by computer programs. ” the brains behind edo period devices the gears of the clockwork inside karakuri ningyo are carved from wood, rather than using metal. if the grain on the wooden gears is aligned poorly, the teeth can break off, so instead of carving the teeth directly into the gears, tiny wooden triangles are affixed to the wooden wheels — a technique adapted from traditional japanese handicrafts. the clockwork that powers karakuri ningyo and japanese clocks was based on the time pieces that arrived on western ships near the end of the muromachi period ( 1333 – 1568 ), alongside other foreign technologies such as steel cannons. after japan closed itself off from the outside world during the edo period, the country developed and refined its own homegrown mechanical technologies through the imagination and technical artistry of successive generations of craftsmen. the original tea - serving doll was one of the many mechanical dolls built by seventeenth century watch - maker takeda kiyofusa. the techniques he and his contemporaries used were closely guarded secrets, passed on from master to apprentice like ancient mysteries. many of those secrets were revealed in 1796 when hosokawa hanzo, better known as “ karakuri hanzo, ” published his book karakuri zui ( illustrated compendium of clever machines ), which can be described as japan ’ s first text on mechanical engineering. hosokawa was skilled engineer and prolific inventor, dreaming up a whole range of new machines and tools. based on his belief that the seeds for new ideas are planted by sharing techniques for making things, he dedicated himself to explaining mechanical devices in a simple and accessible way, as han ’ ya explains : “ hosokawa ’ s book was the impteus for the popularization of mechanical devices during the edo period. and it is also thanks to the detailed explanations in his book that we have been able to revive those devices in the


ya explains : “ hosokawa ’ s book was the impteus for the popularization of mechanical devices during the edo period. and it is also thanks to the detailed explanations in his book that we have been able to revive those devices in the modern era. it seems to me that the publication of his book is the point of departure for the journey that has led up to japan ’ s status today as a pioneer in robotics, fueled by the cutting - edge technologies the country has assimilated since around the time of the meiji restoration. ” japan ’ s affinity for robots a harukoma ningyo ( toy - horse rider doll ) ; as the rider moves, it pulls the reins, swinging the horse ’ s head from side to side, creating a realistic impression of horse riding. expressive faces and fluid, natural movements are the hallmark of karakuri ningyo. the humanity of the dolls and their placid dedication to service, whether offering tea or performing some other function, makes it almost second nature to speak to them directly like a child or pet. “ they aren ’ t simply dolls with moving parts, ” han ’ ya notes, “ but rather constructed in line with a sensibility particular to japan, making them quite different from the european automata to which they are often compared. ” in contrast to the cold, mechanical impression of an automaton, karakuri ningyo inspire in many people an emotional affinity or even a feeling of love. the dolls seem less like a decoration or toy than something with a heart and life force of its own. the life - like appearance is enhanced by the painstaking work of the craftsmen who paint the faces or make the kimono used to dress the dolls. all of this contributes to the power of the dolls to attract human affection. in japan, mechanical dolls were originally religious or spiritual objects, thought to be sacred. but thanks to their broad popularity, the dolls became a source of amusement for the common people. there is a historical connection between the fondness derived from the gentle faces and amenable service of edo period mechanical dolls, and the attraction that modern japanese have had for robots in human and animal forms. indeed, japan has had a love affair with robots for over two centuries, stretching from the karakuri ningyo to today ’ s cutting edge technologies. han ’ ya harumitsu, a karakuri ningyo artisan. after discovering mechanical dolls, he left his job as an industrial technology researcher to dedicate himself to


##kuri ningyo to today ’ s cutting edge technologies. han ’ ya harumitsu, a karakuri ningyo artisan. after discovering mechanical dolls, he left his job as an industrial technology researcher to dedicate himself to their revival. recently he has created a complete dramatic production using mechanical dolls. ( originally written in japanese by sato narumi. photographs by kodera kei. ) - other articles in this report - japan ’ s first robotgakutensoku was a humanoid robot built in 1928 by nishimura makoto, an editorial writer for the osaka mainichi shimbun. this is thought to be the first robot ever built in east asia. in it, we can see the roots of modern humanoid robotics. - fukushima ’ s radioactivity - proof cleanup robot “ quince ” is a disaster response robot that has been playing a crucial part in efforts to repair the damage at the nuclear power station in fukushima. - robot soccerrobotics developers have a dream : that one day their robot athletes will defeat the world cup winners and be crowned as the best soccer team in the world. this year ’ s “ robocup – japan open ” pitted 73 teams of robots against one another for a place in the robot world cup. - building a bear of a robotfujitsu laboratories ltd. has unveiled an interactive robot teddy bear that can express emotions and respond to people ’ s input. the robot is expected to provide companionship for the elderly in care and other facilities and facilitate communication among young children.


in 1939 the department of information was established to ‘ undertake the large publicity campaign necessary to support australia ’ s war effort ’. this campaign was centred principally on increasing and sustaining the people ’ s faith in the cause for which they were fighting, and sought to gain support for the government ’ s security and fundraising activities and distribute ‘ sound ’ facts on the war and its progress. the activities of the department were extensive and various, and when, in 1981, two packets of ‘ historical ’ photographs of a rural victorian town were returned to australia by the new york office of the australian information service, a small but fascinating example of those activities came to light. the photographs were taken by jim fitzpatrick, an official war photographer with the a. i. s., who was sent in 1944 to document the impact of the war on the population of the dairying town of drouin. now held by the national library of australia and recently digitised, the 88 photographs that comprise the drouin collection focus on the towns ’ people as a community and also on a more personal level. there are portraits of individuals and family groups, photographs of people working and socialising and images of the town going about its business. we learn from the extended captions still attached to most of the photographs people ’ s names, ages, occupations, their fathers ’ occupations, whether they are married or not, and what their hopes are for the future. the social standing of those photographed is plotted with precision and humour, and the wealth of sociological information revealed is quite remarkable. the people of drouin are portrayed with an unusual degree of freedom and candour made possible, perhaps, because fitzpatrick knew that his portrait of the town was not intended for australian eyes. for fitzpatrick ’ s assignment was part of an extensive publicity campaign to convince our allies, particularly the americans, that we were ‘ shouldering our full share of the burdens of war ’. a few months after he took them, twenty seven of fitzpatrick ’ s photographs, accompanied by an essay and captions by dave stevens, appeared in the bi - monthly south west pacific magazine, under the title ‘ a small town at war ’. south west pacific was produced by the department of information as an information and copy resource and provided free of charge to overseas press and radio editors who needed no further permissions to use the articles it contained. then, as now, the federal government was preoccupied with issues of national defence and greater trade opportunities. with the end of the war in sight, the curtin government wished to improve australia ’ s


no further permissions to use the articles it contained. then, as now, the federal government was preoccupied with issues of national defence and greater trade opportunities. with the end of the war in sight, the curtin government wished to improve australia ’ s bargaining position in post - war negotiations and establish the grounds for a closer economic relationship. to do this, australia needed to be recognised abroad for more than our highly improbable flora and fauna, and south west pacific was one way to ‘ re - brand ’ the country by emphasising the values and strong cultural bonds we shared with our allies, and the sacrifices made by the australian people in support of the war, placing the contributions and sacrifices to the forefront, ‘ a small town at war ’ bristles with facts and statistics on the town ’ s war effort. the first two sentences inform the reader that out of a population of only 1100, 150 of drouin ’ s men are away fighting the war. most families would have been affected, having to manage without their fathers or sons, brothers or husbands. those few younger men who do appear in fitzpatrick ’ s photographs are either on leave from the armed forces, working in essential industries, or too young to join up yet. the town ’ s patriotism is matched by financial generosity, for drouin has always exceeded its war loan quota of £20, 000, and donates generously to the red cross and to the spitfire fund. steven ’ s goes on to provide information on drouin ’ s other contributions to the war through it ’ s local produce – flax, butter and cheese – and the shortages and restrictions faced by residents due to the rationing of butter, meat, sugar, spices, bacon, tea and petrol, and the suspension of normal manufacturing in favour of war production. but readers of ‘ a small town at war were being appealed to on much more than a factual basis. the detailed descriptions of people ’ s lives — so detailed one can almost hear the town gossip dictating them — are intended to convey a sense of small town intimacy, and serve to make the people of drouin real to us. stevens ’ text constantly articulates the parallels between australian and american society and values and makes an emotional claim that, at heart, we are the same people. similarly, the freshness and candour fitzpatrick achieves in many of his images reinforces the impression that drouin is a rather quaint, unworldly place, but they are also testament to his charm in dealing with his subjects, for


the large - scale public sculptures of american artist luis jimenez ( 1940 – 2006 ) — mythical, violent, political, garish, sexy, fun, and often profound — reflected their maker ' s vision of mexican - american culture and his often critical views of the wider southwestern and american cultures in which mexican americans live. jimenez worked in the industrial, unabashedly commercial medium of fiberglass, and he drew on such commonplace art traditions as mexican wall calendar prints, cowboy imagery, and " lowrider " truck decoration. yet his work reflected a detailed knowledge of mexican and european artistic traditions. he made sculptures for public places, intended to be seen and understood by the thousands of ordinary people, in many cases of latino descent, who would pass by them every day, yet he also had a strong following among sophisticated art collectors. jimenez ' s art had many aspects, but perhaps its most distinctive characteristic was the way it was structured to appeal to a variety of audiences. " my working - class roots have a lot to do with it ; i want to create a popular art that ordinary people can relate to as well as people who have degrees in art, " jimenez explained to chiori santiago of smithsonian. " that doesn ' t mean it has to be watered down. my philosophy is to create a multilayered piece, like [ novelist ernest ] hemingway ' s old man and the sea. the first time i read it, it was an exciting adventure story about fishing. the last time, i was deeply moved. " raised by signmaker and frustrated artist luis alfonso jimenez jr. was born in el paso, texas, on july 30, 1940, and grew up in the city ' s segundo barrio neighborhood. his grandfather had been a glassblower in mexico, and his undocumented immigrant father, luis sr., ran a sign shop and had hoped to become a professional artist himself. he had won a nationwide art competition in the 1930s, but the promised prize money fell victim to depression - era cutbacks at the sponsoring organization and was never delivered. instead, he poured his creativity into signs that appeared around el paso. " right here was the fiesta drive - in, " jimenez told santiago as he showed her around el paso. " it had a neon sign that he made of a woman dancing in a flamenco skirt in front of two guys sitting on the ground wearing sombreros. with each flash of light in the circuit, her dress would appear to go higher and higher, until at the end the guys ' hats would fly


woman dancing in a flamenco skirt in front of two guys sitting on the ground wearing sombreros. with each flash of light in the circuit, her dress would appear to go higher and higher, until at the end the guys ' hats would fly up in the air. that was typical of my dad ' s signs — lots of action and color. " jimenez started working in the shop at age six, becoming familiar with industrial materials such as fiberglass and the paints that could be used on them. the family appreciated art where they found it. sometimes on trips to mexico they would visit museums or public buildings bearing giant historical paintings by jose orozco or one of the country ' s other great muralists. jimenez, however, saw few prospects for himself in el paso, whose atmosphere for mexicans he likened to that of apartheid - era south africa for blacks. he jumped at the chance to attend the university of texas at austin in 1960. " college was really a great experience for me, because had i not gone to austin, i would never have had the kind of exposure to the world that i ended up having, " he said in a texas alcalde interview quoted in the austin american - statesman. his father was furious when he switched his major from architecture to art, but he persisted and received a fine arts degree in 1964. after two years spent studying art in mexico city, jimenez headed for new york. he felt a new sense of freedom there — in a city with people and artists from all over the world, his chicano ethnicity did not stand out. as an unknown artist competing against hundreds or thousands of others, however, he faced long odds. he got a job as an assistant to sculptor seymour lipton and also worked from 1966 to 1969 for the city of new york as an arts program coordinator. his marriage to his wife, vicky, which had begun in 1961 and produced a daughter, elisa, broke up in 1966. he was married again the following year to mary wynn, but that marriage, too, ended in divorce after three years. jimenez visited numerous galleries, trying to interest them in his work, but he got nowhere. finally, in 1969, jimenez parked his truck in front of the prestigious leo castelli gallery, which he had heard featured works by up - and - coming artists. this time, instead of relying on verbal salesmanship, he dragged three large sculptures through the front door. gallery director ivan karp was outraged at first, but then impressed. he sent jimenez to the graham gallery, which mounted


and - coming artists. this time, instead of relying on verbal salesmanship, he dragged three large sculptures through the front door. gallery director ivan karp was outraged at first, but then impressed. he sent jimenez to the graham gallery, which mounted the artist ' s first solo show. the staff there expressed surprise when jimenez ' s sculptures found a ready market among art buyers, and jimenez ' s career accelerated when the powerful and notoriously cranky new york times art critic hilton kramer praised the jimenez works displayed in a second graham gallery show. worked in fiberglass by that time, jimenez had begun to create works with the characteristic cross - cultural imagination that made him famous. " man on fire " ( 1969 ) was a sculpture of a burning man that suggested both the buddhist monks who set themselves on fire in protest against the vietnam war and the story of the aztec emperor cuauhtemoc, who underwent fire torture at the hands of spanish conquistadors. jimenez ' s american dream ( 1967 ), now housed a the hirshhorn museum in washington, d. c., depicted a sexual coupling between a woman and a volkswagen beetle. more controversial was barfly ( 1969 ), a portrayal of the statue of liberty as an overweight beer drinker. jimenez worked in fiberglass, which for him carried a more popular touch than marble or bronze. it was also a material he had been working with since childhood, but at the time it was used by just a handful of artists. jimenez ' s art was rooted in those early experiences. " perhaps because of the experience of working in the sign shop, i realized early on that i wanted to do it all — paint, draw, work with wood, metal, clay, " he told santiago. although his career was flying high, he felt disconnected from his roots. he returned temporarily to el paso in the early 1970s, and then in 1972 drove to roswell, new mexico, and showed his works to art collector donald anderson, who offered jimenez a job in his private museum. jimenez moved there, and would live in new mexico for the rest of his life. he later moved to the rural town of hondo, living in a converted schoolhouse and hunting small animals in the dry surrounding valleys, always eating his kill. in 1985 jimenez married susan brockman and had one more child, a son. jimenez continued to create small sculptures, paintings, and drawings, some of which were purchased by such institutions as the museum of modern art and metropolitan museum of art in new york, and


jimenez married susan brockman and had one more child, a son. jimenez continued to create small sculptures, paintings, and drawings, some of which were purchased by such institutions as the museum of modern art and metropolitan museum of art in new york, and the art institute of chicago. living in the southwest, he began to concentrate on western and southwestern themes. his progress series of 1974, along with other works, explored the violent reality behind conventional western stories ; progress i showed an indian hunter piercing a buffalo with an arrow as bloody saliva drips from the animal ' s mouth. because of his growing prestige and his new regional focus, jimenez began to win commissions for large sculptures to be mounted in public spaces in the expanding cities of the southwest. his first public commission was for a sculpture called vaquero, to be installed in houston ' s tranquility park, next to the city hall. works stirred controversy public sculptures, with their large audiences, often become lightning rods for controversy, and jimenez ' s works, with their rough realism and sharp social agendas, were perhaps more controversial than most. the cowboy shown in vaquero was mexican, and he was also waving a pistol while riding on horseback. both images were accurate historically ; jimenez meant the sculpture as a correction to traditional cowboy imagery that generally depicted cowboys as anglo - american and sanitized the violence inherent in western life. but city officials balked at installing the sculpture in its original location and instead suggested a location in moody park, in a predominantly latino neighborhood. there, too, the sculpture encountered criticism. jimenez met with local activists to discuss the work, however, and the result was strong community support for keeping the sculpture. the pattern of official disapproval followed by grassroots support would be repeated several times over the course of jimenez ' s career. a cast of vaquero was later installed in front of the smithsonian institution ' s museum of american art in washington, d. c. among jimenez ' s most famous sculptures was southwest pieta ( 1984 ), which fused christian and native american imagery. it showed the mythological lovers popocatepetl and ixtacihuatl after whom the two large volcanoes near mexico city are named ; the deceased ixtacihuatl lies on her lover ' s lap, in a pose reminiscent of michelangelo ' s famous sculpture of the virgin mary holding the lifeless body of jesus. the figures are embedded in the back of a bald eagle. this sculpture too encountered criticism from activists. " critics, who say it depicts the aftermath of the rape of an indian


' s famous sculpture of the virgin mary holding the lifeless body of jesus. the figures are embedded in the back of a bald eagle. this sculpture too encountered criticism from activists. " critics, who say it depicts the aftermath of the rape of an indian maiden by a spanish conquistador, say it is offensive to those of spanish heritage, " noted an albuquerque journal article quoted by santiago. the sculpture was moved to albuquerque ' s martineztown neighborhood. some of jimenez ' s sculptures addressed mexican - american experiences directly, such as border crossing ( 1989 ), which showed a man carrying his family on his shoulders as he crossed the rio grande ( ri bravo del norte ) into the united states. but as jimenez ' s renown grew, he began to receive commissions in parts of the country with small hispanic populations. sodbuster, which was mounted for many years in fargo, north dakota, showed a muscled farmer behind two massive oxen. a pittsburgh, pennsylvania, sculpture called hunky — steel worker once again stirred controversy after some objected to the term " hunky " as an ethnic slur on those of eastern european descent. jimenez had his supporters in pittsburgh as well, but he eventually agreed to grind the word off the sculpture, which was later moved to the university of massachusetts at boston. jimenez presented a rich look at country music and its culture with honky tonk, a large, part - plywood rendition of a bar and the interactions among its patrons. despite the controversies that attended his sculptures, jimenez became widely recognized in his later years as one of america ' s most important sculptors. his various honors included an invitation to dinner at the white house with president george w. bush, who reportedly admired his work. jimenez showed up in a pair of red cowboy boots. personal unhappiness dogged the artist ' s last years, however ; his third marriage was dissolving, and he suffered from health problems. an eye injured in a childhood bb - gun accident had to be replaced with a glass one. jimenez struggled to finish an enormous fiberglass - and - steel horse sculpture called mustang that had been commissioned in 1992 by the city of denver for its new airport ; it was behind schedule and had been the subject of legal wrangling. on june 14, 2006, the sculpture slipped off a hoist and swung out of control, pinning jimenez against a beam and severing a major artery. twenty - eight miles from the nearest hospital, he died in the ambulance from the resultant blood loss. " to know luis


the sculpture slipped off a hoist and swung out of control, pinning jimenez against a beam and severing a major artery. twenty - eight miles from the nearest hospital, he died in the ambulance from the resultant blood loss. " to know luis is to know that, for him, work was life, " his estranged wife, susan, told the rocky mountain news. " someone said he couldn ' t have gone out any other way. this was the rearing mustang ; luis died in battle, the battle of creating. " contemporary artists, 5th ed., st. james, 2001. sullivan, edward j., ed, latin american art in the twentieth century, phaidon, 1996. art in america, november 1994 ; march 1999. austin american - statesman, june 15, 2006. houston chronicle, june 15, 2006. pittsburgh post - gazette, june 21, 2006. rocky mountain news ( denver, co ), june 24, 2006. san francisco chronicle, june 27, 2006. smithsonian, march 1993. " in memoriam, " arizona state university art museum, http : / / www. asuartmuseum. asu. edu / jimenez / index. html ( december 20, 2006 ). " luis jimenez : sodbuster, " plains art museum, http : / / www. plainsart. org / collections / luis. jimenez / shtml ( december 20, 2006 ).


- shiloh, tn - landmark and namesake of the battle of shiloh - national park, national register of historic places the original " shiloh meeting house " - a one - room log structure with rude handmade furnishings - was built by the southern methodists about 1853, nine years after the church had split over the slavery issue. it is from this unassuming structure, whose name ironically translates to " place of peace, " that the battle would derive its name. when the union army moved upon the field, general william t. sherman encamped his division along the ridge on either side of the church. it was along this same ridge that he formed his first line of battle on the morning of april 6, 1862, and where he was first attacked by the confederates. he succeeded in holding the ridge for about two hours before he was forced to withdraw. as soon as sherman withdrew, confederate general p. g. t. beauregard established his headquarters at the church. he held the position until the confederates began their retreat on the second day. after the battle, the church was reportedly torn down by the union troops and the logs used to build bridges when the movement upon corinth began. the modern church, completed in 1949, stands on the site of the original church. the reconstructed log church was built in 2001.


| food and nutrition bulletin volume 01, number 2, 1979 ( unu, 1979, 48 pages ) | recommendations submitted to the world food council by the acc six priority areas are listed below, the first five relating to developing countries and the sixth to countries in a position to co - operate with them. they should be considered as supplementary to improved food production and conservation. a. appraisal of current information about the state of nutrition ; of the impact of current policies and programmes ; and of the opportunities for action. this would include the following elements. 1. a simple review can be made of current information about the state of nutrition among the lower income groups, and especially that of young children, infants, and pregnant and nursing mothers. this may suggest : ( a ) a need for strengthening the current system of surveillance of nutritional problems and / or ( b ) areas where actions to improve nutrition are required. 2. a review of the impact of current policies could cover the main factors influencing nutrition - either directly or indirectly - ranging from those affecting the reduction of poverty to services directed more specifically to the prevention or treatment of malnutrition. in particular, it should review the distribution of government assistance and privileges among different socio - economic groups of urban and rural populations. 3. a review of the possibilities for action deserves even more attention than the review suggested in 1 above. it must be made in the light of political, budgetary, organizational, and personnel constraints and opportunities. frequently it will happen that the possibilities for action are limited, but they still need review within the framework of the complex set of factors determining the nutrition status of the population. many opportunities are currently overlooked, e. g., building nutrition components into development projects, or incorporating concepts of nutrition into various training programmes and services that influence nutrition indirectly. national institutes or departments dealing with development planning and administration, as well as nutrition and health, can be drawn on to prepare material for a policy review of these possibilities. food and nutrition should be a part of all sector and overall planning. help is also available from the un system of agencies and organizations at country, regional, and headquarters levels. b. supplementary action in the area of food production, storage, and marketing. considerations of nutrition are important in agricultural planning. attention needs to be given to the composition of the food basket, for example by the encouragement of production of food legumes ; to the support of food production and marketing by small cultivators ; to more direct producer - consumer links ; to the reorientation of extension


to the composition of the food basket, for example by the encouragement of production of food legumes ; to the support of food production and marketing by small cultivators ; to more direct producer - consumer links ; to the reorientation of extension services to family and community food production and storage ; to the extent that women are important family - food producers and involved in the processing and marketing of foods ; to the control of food quality and safety ; and to the consideration that agricultural extension services should also deal with women ' s needs and problems. in addition, action at the farm and rural community level to reduce post - harvest food losses due to rodents, insects, moulds, and spoilage is needed in all developing countries. c. support for ideals of nutrition by all relevant sectors. in addition to general actions for the reduction of poverty - e. g., agrarian reform and rural development programmes ; increase of income - earning opportunities in rural areas and the peri - urban sector - it is advisable to review policies and services in all sectors with a potential for influencing the state of nutrition. actions more specifically directed to the improvement of nutrition could include : access to safe water for household use ; nutrition education and the promotion of good infant and child feeding practices through schools at appropriate levels, health centres, and available information media ; access to maternal - and child - health and family - planning services ; surveillance of the nutrition of young children through the health services, e. g., by regular weighing ; fortification of staple foods or other vehicles ; and legislation concerning the provision for the nutritional needs of workers and their families. d. nutrition interventions targeted to groups at risk the steps listed under a and b will reduce malnutrition, but will leave groups that can only be dealt with by specifically targeted programmes. these programmes may be considered in the order of their recurring costs in relation to benefits. they will require the training of personnel at management and other levels. certain deficiency diseases can be effectively controlled through specific interventions, e. g., iodization of salt for the prevention of endemic goiter, distribution of iron / folate tablets to pregnant women to prevent anemia, or limited vitamin - a distribution to children at risk of eye damage from avitaminosis a and who are within reach of existing services, are financially feasible in almost any country where they are needed, and should be provided. nutrient supplementation or fortification of foods can often be used to reduce the occurrence of deficiency disease. the next step could be to build on existing services


of existing services, are financially feasible in almost any country where they are needed, and should be provided. nutrient supplementation or fortification of foods can often be used to reduce the occurrence of deficiency disease. the next step could be to build on existing services for nutrition activities, e. g., the local network of health and extension services and existing organizations such as cooperatives, and women ' s organizations ; and to mobilize community resources, e. g., by the use of local foods supplied by the community for supplementary feeding of poorly nourished children. in using existing services, the main recurring cost will be for short in - service training of existing staff and for some additional personnel. a following step is to extend such services to underserved or unserved populations and areas since in most developing countries a considerable proportion of the population is not reached by existing services. communities are usually ready to participate in the extension of services, but there must also be provision for increased government support. a fourth type of intervention would be addressed to groups of landless and to people working in the informal peri - urban sector whose nutritional needs cannot be met by extension of the above services, and where more costly national support is required. this applies to programmes such as selective food distribution, low - price food shops, or price subsidies. how far a country can go with such measures depends on its social policy, the level of its resources, and the amount of external co - operation provided on a long - term basis. e. involvement of the family and community in the improvement of nutrition. this is particularly recommended because nutrition at the point of end - use of food is first an individual and family affair and then a community concern. the organization of primary health care ', as recommended by who and unicef, offers examples of promoting and organizing community participation. similar approaches can be made through agricultural extension agents and home economists to promote family food production and use, and to create awareness of the nutritional needs of family members, with special concern for young children. f. external co - operation and assistance. the un system of agencies draws the attention of the world community to the fact that least - developed countries, and probably most of those with a per capita income below $ 300 ( at 1975 prices ) cannot by themselves finance targeted nutrition interventions on a sufficient scale. 2 the implementation of the new international economic order ( nieo ) could improve the situation of the low - income countries in a major way. further, external co - operation in paying part of the recurring costs in such


nutrition interventions on a sufficient scale. 2 the implementation of the new international economic order ( nieo ) could improve the situation of the low - income countries in a major way. further, external co - operation in paying part of the recurring costs in such countries is desirable on an assured long - term basis, during which the country ' s own financial base can be expected to grow. the need for long - term arrangements applies to financial support and to food aid, and is analogous to government support of poorer regions within a country. the above five steps ( b - f ) open to developing countries have necessarily been described in general, abstract terms. description of the possibilities in more practical terms can only be illustrative, and not fully applicable to any country. the un agencies believe that a typical set of policies and actions resulting from the above steps would be as follows. a. the increase in food production would be adapted to nutritional needs, in order to derive full nutritional benefits from the overriding priority accorded to increasing food production. attention needs to be given to producing appropriate food as close as possible to the consumers, not only in terms of regions, but extending down to community and family food production and storage, especially by small farmers. processing and distribution of food must parallel food production increases and take into account the nutritional needs of populations at risk of malnutrition. in this context, a government may wish to examine the possibilities of re - deploying its agricultural extension staff to devote more of their services to small farm units, and / or to serve as a delivery system for nutrition education to encourage on - farm production, conservation, and consumption of nutritious foods. it may be possible to make garden lots available to the rural landless and to urban dwellers for supplementing family food production. b. food production would be supported by other aspects of rural development, e g., by strengthening the infrastructure such as dikes, drainage, irrigation, and other works ; by providing safe water for household use ; by income - generating activities such as rural handicrafts and industry ; and by other anti - poverty policies. " food for work " may be used for creating some of these assets. c. specific deficiency diseases such as goitre, vitamin - a deficiency, and anemia would be fought through fortification of food or distribution of supplements, and by means of encouraging production and consumption of foods rich in the needed nutrients. d. all available means would be used for nutrition and health education, e. g., the schools, health services


fought through fortification of food or distribution of supplements, and by means of encouraging production and consumption of foods rich in the needed nutrients. d. all available means would be used for nutrition and health education, e. g., the schools, health services, cooperatives, women ' s organizations, and the social use of the information media, including traditional media. this would begin with a few simple messages directed at specific problems relating, for example, to the consumption of low - cost traditional foods of good nutritional value, the importance of breast - feeding, the need for introduction of supplementary foods between four and six months of age, and the proper feeding and care of young children. there is also a need for education and training programmes aimed at producing teachers of nutrition at the many different levels required. e. the health services would be used to deal with individual cases where prevention or treatment of malnutrition is required. this will usually require : ( i ) community health workers supported by some reorientation of the health services, in order, for example, to introduce regular child weighing and to demonstrate use of local foods for supplementary feeding of infants and young children over four to six months of age ; and ( ii ) priority for the progressive extension of primary - health care and preventive medical services into unserved and underserved areas. health services may also be used to provide access to family planning services. f. local governments, communities, and women ' s organizations would be involved. many experiences show how this can be done. the contribution of these groups to local services will permit wider extension of services within budgetary constraints. local day - care centres for young children can meet an urgent need of working mothers, improve child feeding, and provide parents with information about nutrition. g. selective food distribution or low - price shops where supplies either from national or external sources can be assured for long periods would be set up. this approach may have particular application in poor urban areas. the fair - price shops in india, mexico, and pakistan and the programmes in brazil and colombia illustrate possibilities. h. required policy studies would be initiated through government and university research organizations on the implications for nutrition of cropping patterns, agricultural subsidies, food - export policies, economic development plans, etc. many of the foregoing steps can be initiated on a limited basis, e. g., for a specific geographic area or age group, in order to test operational feasibility and to obtain cost - effectiveness data in order to facilitate government judgements with respect to expanding or dropping the proposed service


lyndon johnson on foreign policy he also tried to get the best brains available to help settle any problem. he likes to remain in personal control of most situations. he had little respect for american relations with other nations after the truman administration. the basic trouble, pres. johnson believed was that the us is a nation easily misunderstood by foreign leaders, and that it had failed to make itself clear. of the latin american regional group, the organization of american states, lbj said on an occasion when he knew his words would be repeated, " it couldn ' t pour piss out of a boot if the instructions were written on the heel. " the oas had been notoriously indecisive and ineffective, but one oas diplomat remarked that it " made us think that your president does not consider us too important. " the un mekong project " would make tva look like a minor operation. " the mekong project seized johnson ' s mind and emotions. here was a chance to build something. while in southeast asia, the vice president saw to it that he learned everything he could about the mekong development program. meeting with its planning committee in bangkok, he let them know, " i am a river man. all my life i ' ve been interested in rivers and their development. " " there ' s been talk years, planning for years. when do we get some action? " the mekong project was just the sort of program to fill out and underline the emerging lines of lbj ' s thinking about the world. the law of history marched with his phrases. what do " the ordinary men and women of north vietnam and south vietnam - - of china and india - - of russia and america " - - want? " they want what their neighbors also desire : food for their hunger ; health for their bodies ; a chance to learn ; progress for their country ; and an end to the bondage of material misery. " johnson was with them, he wanted them to know. he intended to expand and speed up the sending of american farm surpluses to " the needy in asia. " he proposed a " greatly expanded " co - operative program for social up - building in southeast asia, with the aid of the us, the un, and the ussr. nothing was happening to bear out the prediction made in the 1954 campaign that election of a democratic congress would give birth to a regressive " cold war " between the executive and legislative branches of the government. " the objectives of foreign policy should be to promote and preserve the security


media contact : ron walli communications and media relations ornl tool puts spotlight on nation ' s electricity generation capacity or - sage results for advanced coal plants. ( hi - res image ) oak ridge siting analysis for power generation expansion, or or - sage, divides the united states into nearly 700 million 2. 5 - acre cells that can be studied to determine if they are candidates for one or more types of electric power plant. this tool was used to produce results presented in a 152 - page report prepared by the department of energy ' s ornl for the electric power research institute and allows for quick screening and characterization of potential sites. " or - sage is a dynamic visualization database that allows us to look at the entire country through a lens, " said olufemi omitaomu, a researcher in ornl ' s computational sciences and engineering division. " the technology provides assistance working with real - world constraints. " omitaomu and colleagues gary mays and randy belles emphasized that or - sage is not a substitute for a " boots on the ground " detailed inspection of a given site, but the tool provides much information regarding numerous screening factors and considerations without having to visit a site. " or - sage takes into account availability of water, identifies sufficient land areas that are suitable to meet nominal requirements for the footprint of the various types of plants and impacts on siting future plants in terms of increases in population and demand for water, " said mays, project manager and a member of ornl ' s reactor and nuclear systems division. " ultimately, the tool allows for the flexible use of screening criteria for candidate site comparisons and enhances the ability to assess energy needs. " a previous project that ornl completed for doe ' s office of nuclear energy focused on siting nuclear power plants and provided the basis for developing the or - sage methodology. for this epri study, or - sage also was used to examine advanced coal with carbon capture and storage, solar and compressed air energy power plants. together, these studies are helping to identify hundreds of potential areas for power generation in the united states. a key driver for this work is the fact that by 2035, 4, 775 billion kilowatt hours of electricity generation will be needed to meet annual energy demand in the united states, according to doe ' s energy information administration. this represents an annual increase in demand of 0. 8 percent. experts expect the additional electricity to be provided by a mix of power generation plants, and this report provides epri and other research groups with


, according to doe ' s energy information administration. this represents an annual increase in demand of 0. 8 percent. experts expect the additional electricity to be provided by a mix of power generation plants, and this report provides epri and other research groups with a tool to inform their analyses. or - sage, which utilizes geographic information system data in addition to ornl ' s landscan, the world ' s most advanced population database, examines millions of cells and simultaneously determines their suitability for the various types of power generation. " with this study and resulting tool we are able to identify candidate sites for a variety of electrical generation plants and further characterization of these sites, " belles said. " we can evaluate for any given prospective site which type of plant is best suited, how far it is to transmission assets and the distance to underground geological formations suitable for carbon sequestration. " the researchers noted that nuclear power plants share some of the same siting considerations as advanced coal. for example, both need to be within about 20 miles of a large body of water to meet cooling needs. in making siting decisions, or - sage also takes into account population density, protected lands, seismic activity, terrain, proximity to airports, military bases, oil pipelines, refineries and a number of other factors. the attached map presents one result characterizing areas that are suitable or have some number of siting challenges for advanced coal plants using geologic storage for carbon emissions. siting challenges are relative to the selected screening criteria and values. the siting process is complicated by the fact that the generation source identified as being the best is not always located near load demand, mays said. such situations necessitate a coordinated energy policy to generate and deliver power where it is needed. results of the study show potential electric generation capacity of 158 gigawatts for advanced coal, 60 gigawatts / 18 gigawatts for dry - cooled and water - cooled concentrated solar, respectively, and 515 gigawatts for large reactor plants. other contributors to the report were stan hadley, thomas harrison, bradley neish and amy rose. the report, titled " application of spatial data modeling and geographical information systems for identification of potential siting options for various electrical generation sources, " was published in december. the epri lead on this project is francisco de la chesnaye, program manager, energy and climate analysis group. epri conducts research and development relating to the generation, delivery and use of electricity for the benefit of the public. epri


the epri lead on this project is francisco de la chesnaye, program manager, energy and climate analysis group. epri conducts research and development relating to the generation, delivery and use of electricity for the benefit of the public. epri, an independent, nonprofit organization, brings together its scientists and engineers as well as experts from academia and industry to help address challenges in electricity, including reliability, efficiency, health, safety and the environment. epri also provides technology, policy and economic analyses to drive long - range research and development planning, and supports research in emerging technologies. epri ' s members represent more than 90 percent of the electricity generated and delivered in the united states, and international participation extends to 40 countries. epri ' s principal offices and laboratories are located in palo alto, calif. ; charlotte, n. c. ; lenox, mass. ; and knoxville. ut - battelle manages ornl for doe ' s office of science. the office of science is the single largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the united states, and is working to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time. for more information, please visit http : / / science. energy. gov /. the report is publically available at www. osti. gov / servlets / purl / 1032036 /. note to editors : you may read other press releases from oak ridge national laboratory or learn more about the lab at http : / / www. ornl. gov / news. additional information about ornl is available at the sites below : twitter - http : / / twitter. com / oakridgelabnews rss feeds - http : / / www. ornl. gov / ornlhome / rss _ feeds. shtml


ouro preto, brazil location and site - after the first false hopes of a gold rush at the end of the 17th century, the region of ouro preto ( black gold ) was the site of a mining exploration movement in 1698. - in 1712, the dispersed encampments joined to form vila rica ( now known as ouro preto ). after having been part of the regional government of s o paulo and minais gerais, the state of minas gerais broke away in 1720. vila rica became its capital, and retained this status until 1897. - although the great period of gold exploitation was around 1730, it wasn ' t until 1740 that vila rica began to look like a real city. - during the second half of the 18th century, the city enjoyed a heyday and was the site of a great deal of architectural activity. the s o francisco de assis church, the work of the well - known brazilian artist aleijadihno, was erected. at that time, ouro preto rapidly became a centre for intellectual and artistic activity ; by the end of the century, it was the breeding ground of the " inconfidencia " revolt movement, which eventually led to the independence of brazil. the spontaneous urban layout of ouro preto, with its irregular shape, is the result of the city ' s hilly topography. its elongated form is made up of sinuous streets which become denser around the central square, where the main artery is crossed by a secondary street. the homogeneous architectural ensemble is composed of one - and two - storey dwellings with reddish tile roofs and whitewashed walls ; their wooden structural elements and ornaments are painted bright colours. the more monumental architecture includes dressed stone churches inspired by the late baroque ( second half of the 18th century ) and a number of civic buildings constructed of pis ‚ and mud brick. chapels and ways of the cross, bridges and gardens complete the ensemble. criteria i and iii are cited without details. | mr. angelo oswaldo de araujo santos | mayor of ouro preto | prefeitura municipal de ouro preto | praca barao do rio branco 156 centro ouro preto, m. g., brazil | mr. rodrigo mencioni | | instituto do patrimonio historico e artistico nacional ( iphan ) | ouro preto, mina gerais, brazil


the ascent of jesus into heaven ( acts 1 : 2 – 11 ; a shorter version is in luke 24 : 50 – 3 ). there are two ot stories and also ps. 110 which form the background of the accounts. when enoch had attained 365 years, he ‘ walked with god ’ ; then he was no more, because god took him ( gen. 5 : 24 ) ; the prophet elijah was taken to heaven by a whirlwind ( 2 kgs. 2 : 11 ). ascension stories ( e. g. of heracles ) also circulated in the pagan hellenistic world. the character of jesus ' appearances after easter as recorded by luke have a more ‘ solid ’ ‘ corporeal ’ and evidential nature than elsewhere in the nt, even though the risen body could pass through doors. it was necessary for luke to explain that the appearances would cease and be replaced by the presence in the church of the holy spirit, and his solution was to use the ot notion of ascension after forty days ( cf. elijah ' s journey of forty days and nights to horeb the mount of god, 1 kgs. 19 : 8 ) to signify the termination of resurrection appearances and the completion of jesus ' work of redemption and his ascendancy in a messianic kingdom over all things. traditionally, the ascension has been regarded as a physical elevation and many famous pictures, e. g. by tintoretto in venice, show jesus moving upwards in a cloud, even leaving behind a footprint on the ground. however, given the ot background the ascension should be regarded as luke ' s way of expressing his understanding of the completion of one era and the inauguration of another, that of the church, which at pentecost would shortly be endowed with the holy spirit which the heavenly christ would send for the completion of his mission ( john 20 : 21 ). although the ascension has often been understood in the past in a literal way, there is a valid symbolical interpretation, for the spatial metaphor of height expresses the idea of transcendence.