and efthimis o web searching : a quality measurement perspective ( dirk lewandowski and nadine hochstotter ) part v : conclusion o conclusions and further research ( amanda spink and michael michael zimmer, phd world book capital nomination 2010 sophie felfoldi [ sophie. felfoldi @ ifla. nl ] email @ example. com fri 23 / 11 / 2007 call for applications for the world book capital nomination 2010 appel a candidatures pour la nomination de la capitale mondiale du livre 2010 presentacion de candidaturas para la designacion de la capital mundial del libro 2010 : convocatoria the selection committee for the world book capital is calling for nominations for the world book capital 2010. the complete applications, duly substantiated, including a cover or support letter from the mayor of the candidate - city and drafted in one of unesco ' s official languages ( french, english, spanish, russian, arabic or chinese ), should reach unesco no later than monday 31 march 2008. no application received after this date will be taken into consideration. the candidate programmes shall be aimed at promoting books and fostering reading during the period between one world book and copyright day and the next ( 23 april ). to involve all regions of the world in turn, the selection committee will avoid the consecutive nomination of cities from the same region. since the 2009 title was awarded to a city of the arab states ' region ( the applicants ' programme proposals will be examined in the light of the following five criteria : 1. the submission of an activity programme specifically conceived for the 2. the degree of municipal, regional, national and international involvement and the impact of the programmes. 3. the quantity and quality of one - time or ongoing activities organized by the applicant city in collaboration with national and international professional organizations representing writers, publishers, booksellers and librarians and in full respect of the various players in the book supply chain. 4. the quantity and quality of any other noteworthy projects promoting and fostering books and reading. 5. the conformity with the principles of freedom of expression, freedom to publish and to distribute information, as stated in the unesco constitution as well as by articles 19 and 27 of the universal declaration of human rights and by the agreement on the importation of educational, scientific and cultural materials ( florence agreement ). by presenting its application each candidate city commits itself, in case of nomination, to : 1. associate unesco, as well as the three professional associations represented in


by the agreement on the importation of educational, scientific and cultural materials ( florence agreement ). by presenting its application each candidate city commits itself, in case of nomination, to : 1. associate unesco, as well as the three professional associations represented in the selection committee, in its communication and information campaign, at all levels ; 2. provide unesco, which will share it with all members of the selection committee, with a final report on the activities implemented during the nomination year. besides, the city authorities will facilitate possible evaluation audits implemented on unesco ' s demand. the selection committee – operating under the auspices of unesco – is made up of one representative of the international publishers association ( ipa ), one representative of the international booksellers ' federation ( ibf ), one representative of the international federation of library associations and institutions ( ifla ) and one unesco representative, under the chairmanship of the president of ipa. the committee ' s task is to choose a world book capital each year, in accordance with 31 c / resolution 29, adopted by the unesco general conference on 2 november 2001. the first world book capital chosen prior to the adoption of 31 c / resolution 29 mr mauro rosi division of arts and 1, rue miollis tel. : + 33 1 45 68 46 33 fax : + 33 1 45 68 55 95 according to its own criteria based on operational needs, unesco distinguishes five regions : africa,


the script command is part of the util - linux - ng package and so should be available already installed in any distribution, or you should be able to easily add it. what ’ s script? from his man page : script makes a typescript of everything printed on your terminal. it is useful for students who need a hardcopy record of an interactive session as proof of an assignment, as the type script file can be printed out later with lpr. basic usage from a terminal type script this will start a new session and write all the command in the file typescript ( in your home ). but now we ’ ll see how to use it to record a whole session and than replay it : script - t - a / tmp / mylog. out 2 & > / tmp / mylog. time ; - a append the output to file or typescript, retaining the prior contents. - t output timing data to standard error. this data contains two fields, separated by a space. the first field indicates how much time elapsed since the previous output. the second field indicates how many characters were output this time. this information can be used to replay typescripts with realistic typing and output delays. after this command do your work session and end it with ^ d ( ctrl - d ) or ” exit ” now you ’ ll find in / tmp the 2 files mylog. out and mylog. time. scriptreplay / tmp / mylog. time / tmp / mylog. out sciptreplay it ’ s script companion, take as input the output produced with script and do a replay of them. the replay simply displays the information again ; the programs that were run when the typescript was being recorded are not run again. since the same information is simply being displayed, scriptreplay is only guaranteed to work properly if run on the same type of terminal the typescript was recorded on. otherwise, any escape characters in the typescript may be interpreted differently by the terminal to which scriptreplay is sending its output. % script - t 2 & > demo. timing - a demo. session script started, file is demo. session % % exit script done, file is demo. session % scriptreplay demo. timing demo. session example of scriptreplay : - how to protect apache with fail2ban - nightingale a beautiful music player for linux - linux shell : dfc – check your disk space with style - livarp – a lightweight linux distribution - how


10 truly eccentric organisms most species of organisms are unrecognized for their unique, versatile abilities, appearance and existence. when we think of organisms we often think of the typical dog, cat and other household pets. when we think of wild organisms, we think of zebras, lions, monkeys and other animals seen in habitats that are known for housing wild animals, like zoos. when thinking of aquatic organisms we think of jellyfish, goldfish, and sharks. we have become accustomed to a stereotype of the organisms that form each label of organisms ; people are becoming ignorant to the variety and eccentricity of organisms we have among us today. this following list is of 10 eccentric organisms, showing the plethora of organisms within each species. sea pigs are sea creatures closely related to sea cucumbers, belonging to the kingdom animalia. these aquatic organisms are about four inches in length, and have 10 tentacles with tub like feet that are used not for swimming, but for marching along the ocean floor. sea pigs are bottom feeders and detect food by scent ; they remove organic particles from the mud with their deflating and inflating tentacles and eat the particles trapped in their tentacles. these sea creatures obtained their name from their pink - tint and chubby body, do not fall short of idiosyncrasy. the yeti crab was only discovered in 2005 by marine biologists in the pacific ocean. this organism resembles the mythical organism yeti with its hair - like sinuous, and resides in the hydrothermal vents of the pacific ocean that protrude a toxic liquid that to the average organism would be deadly. this organism is not well - researched yet, but its albino - like eyes suggest that the organism may be blind and it is suspected to feed off of the toxic minerals from the hydrothermal vents. the viperfish, which can easily be recognized from the disney film “ finding nemo ” with its hinged lower - jaw containing long stringy, pointy teeth, is a deepwater fish that lives in tropical and temperate waters. the viperfish varies from 12 to 24 inches in length and swims in depths from 250 to 5, 000 feet. although the viperfish is frightening in appearance, it is preyed on by sharks and even dolphins! this fish can live up to 40 years and holds the guinness world record for largest teeth in comparison to head size in a fish. this marine crab is the biggest arthropod in the word in overall size containing eight legs. the japanese spider crab


this fish can live up to 40 years and holds the guinness world record for largest teeth in comparison to head size in a fish. this marine crab is the biggest arthropod in the word in overall size containing eight legs. the japanese spider crab is found about 150 - 800 meters deep off the southern coasts of the japanese island honshu and has a leg span of 3. 6 meters. this crab can live up to a miraculous 100 years and are known to be calm animals. the japanese spider crab feeds off animal carcasses, plants and shellfish ; they could be considered the vulture of the sea. the giant isopod, a crustacean living in the atlantic ocean, is an alien - looking sea creature that exists in the pitch darkness of the bathypelagic zone in depths as deep as 7, 020 feet. this interesting organism has stayed relatively the same for the past 130 million years! the giant isopod can be up to 14 inches in length and up to 30 inches in height and have four sets of jaws. the giant isopod is a scavenger that feeds with its four sets of jaws, on dead whales, fish, and squid. this organism has the ability to survive without food for more than eight weeks! the chinese giant salamander has stayed almost exactly the same in resemblance as its ancestors of 30 million years. this organism is the largest known salamander in existence and its habitats include mountain streams and lakes of china. this salamander can grow up to 73 inches in length and have lived up to 80 years at a time. the giant salamander does not have eyelids, and therefore has poor vision and rely on sensory nodes to detect possible vibrations made by predators. this amphibian has the ability to breathe through the pores and wrinkles in the skin and is mainly a nocturnal animal that hunts during the night feeding on crabs, crayfish, fish, frogs, insects, shrimps, snails and worms. this proteus, aquatic, snake - like amphibian is a blind organism that lives in the caves of the subterranean waters. the olm is about 8 - 12 inches and the small fragile superior limbs contain three fingers and the inferior limbs containing two. the olm ’ s skin resembles the color and texture of humans and is sometimes recognized as the “ human fish ” for its skin. the olm has not only external gills but also has lungs that are rarely actually used during the respiratory process. due to their eyes that lay deep beneath the dermis and only


humans and is sometimes recognized as the “ human fish ” for its skin. the olm has not only external gills but also has lungs that are rarely actually used during the respiratory process. due to their eyes that lay deep beneath the dermis and only somewhat detect light, the olm is dependent on their acute sense of smell and hearing abilities to survive. the giant grenadier is the only member of the albatrossia genus that is found along the north pacific part of japan to the okhotsk and bering seas. this fish can reach up to seven feet in length and has been proven to live up to at least 56 years - old. the giant grenadier feeds mainly on different species of squids, crabs, worms, shrimps and echinoderms and is well known for its frightening resemblance to snakes with its long pointy tail and its large eyes. this fish, also known as the oarfish is the longest bony fish in existence. it is found in depths from 300 - 1000 meters in any of the world ’ s oceans. the king of herrings remains in deep waters and does not surface often ; typically if it surfaces, it dies when doing so. this 16 foot long fish was first discovered washed up dead on the shore in bermuda in 1860. it is believed by scientists that the great myth of a sea serpent could have branched off of a king of herrings sighting. despite that, this organism is a fish, it does not have any scales and although frightening in size, is not a threat to the human race based on its small teeth and one dorsal fin. this cuddly creature is a domestic rabbit bred for long and soft wool. they originate from angora, turkey, are affable companions for those looking for a pet, and live up to seven years when well taken care of. there are five types of angora rabbit breeds including english, german, giant, french and satin. the angora rabbit can be up to 12 pounds and in spite of their large fluffy appearance, are very active creatures.


a child ' s right to safe, clean drinking water every monday we profile a dow live earth run for water partner organization that works toward providing solutions to the nearly 1 billion people who lack access to clean, safe water. to donate to one of these projects, visit liveearth. org / give. a child ' s right ( acr ) is unique in the water field as its sole focus is bringing clean, safe, purified drinking water to vulnerable children in impoverished urban and peri - urban centers – specifically to sites burdened with unsafe water quality and high concentrations of at - risk children. in the last three years alone, they have provided safe drinking water to more than 250, 000 children in orphanages, street shelters, rescue homes, schools, displacement camps and children ' s hospitals in cities around the world. acr is an implementing organization and has projects, offices and staff in cambodia, china, ethiopia and nepal. all projects are monitored routinely by in country staff for efficacy and safety, and each site project assists between 100 - 5, 000 children ( depending on the site ). the process and system coverage are scalable and have been used in both cambodia and nepal ' s largest pediatric hospitals to assist more than 100, 000 children per site annually. acr ' s most ambitious project to date is their five - year mission to bring clean drinking water to every orphanage in china – an undertaking that will encompass more than 500 orphanages in every province and municipality across china. acr launched this project in partnership with the chinese government in may 2008, and has already completed more than 150 system installations in orphanages throughout the country. with staff and offices in 5 cities, they will be averaging 200 orphanage installations annually in china. thirty percent of acr ' s work is focused on cleaning well water, while the remaining projects target contaminated municipal or surface water sources. prior to every project they undertake comprehensive water quality testing and site analysis to ensure each location is provided unique care and any dangerous water parameters are remedied. post - project all sites receive constant and continuous support via acr ' s international staff. acr designs and distributes all equipment, oversees all water station construction, water system installations, scheduled maintenance and review, resupplies of spare parts and provisions, and periodic water quality tests through their us and international offices and staff. acr was established in 2006 by founder and executive director, eric stowe, and is headquartered in tacoma, washington. you can find out more about a child ' s right by visiting www.


ruby cornwell ( 1902 – 2003 ) recalls her early life in south carolina, and her experiences with segregation. she talks about her grandmother, isabella reeder chavis, who graduated from avery institute in 1873, and her roots in charleston. she discusses issues of class and colorism and her experience growing up as a light - skinned person coming from a free black family background with mixed white and native american heritage. she recalls growing up as the child of an american methodist episcopal minister, durant percival pendergrass, who was educated at hampton institute and worked as a wheelwright and latrine cleaner before entering the ministry. she refers to her first school experiences and what it was like to live in the country - side, where life was still organized around a race - based economic system like share - cropping. she describes attending religious revival meetings and how her father dealt with root medicine and other non - christian spiritual beliefs. she discusses moving to charleston to live with her uncle, rev. p. j. chavis, the pastor of mt. zion ame at the time, to attend avery for one year and then meeting mary mcleod bethune and following her to daytona, florida. she mentions teachers at avery, including the principal benjamin f. cox, whom she described as a good teacher but not a particularly good administrator. cornwell concludes by discussing attending talladega college, moving to brooklyn to work at the ywca, and returning to charleston to teach english at avery with edith mcfall.


[ numpy - discussion ] " nyquist frequency " in numpy. fft docstring sun jul 11 18 : 13 : 44 cdt 2010 hi! i ' m a little confused : in the docstring for numpy. fft we find the " for an even number of input points, a [ n / 2 ] represents both positive and negative nyquist frequency... " but according to http : / / en. wikipedia. org / wiki / nyquist _ frequency ( i know, i know, i ' ve bad mouthed wikipedia in the past, but that ' s in a different " the * nyquist frequency *... is half the sampling signal < http : / / en. wikipedia. org / wiki / discrete _ signal > processing system... the nyquist frequency should not be confused with the *, which is the lower bound of the sampling frequency that satisfies the nyquist sampling criterion for a given signal or family of signals... * nyquist rate *, as commonly used with respect to sampling, is a property of a signal < http : / / en. wikipedia. org / wiki / continuous - time _ signal >, not of a system, whereas * nyquist frequency * is a property of a discrete - time system, not of a signal. " yet earlier in numpy. fft ' s docstring we find : "... the discretized input to the transform is customarily referred to as a * should we be using " nyquist rate " instead of " nyquist frequency, " and if not, why not? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - next part - - - - - - - - - - - - - - an html attachment was scrubbed... more information about the numpy - discussion


biodiversity loss is one of the world ' s most pressing crises, and there is a growing global concern about the status of the biological resources on which so much of human life depends. it has been estimated that the current species extinction rate is between 1, 000 and 10, 000 times higher than it would be naturally. the mediterranean is a mosaic of natural and cultural landscapes that has led to the evolution of remarkable species. the mediterranean flora is outstanding, with between 15, 000 and 25, 000 species, 60 % of which are unique to the region. besides this great richness of plants, a high proportion of mediterranean animals are also endemic. however, this natural wealth is subject to heavy pressures, causing severe environmental degradation. species are disappearing, important habitats are being lost or degraded, and both terrestrial and marine ecosystems are destabilized because of pollution, the over - exploitation of resources, invasive alien species, human disturbances, and the increasing impact of climate change. sound scientific information is critical for guiding decision - makers and ensuring the sustainable and wise use of natural resources. the mediterranean species programme the mediterranean species programme aims at : - encouraging the development and availability of scientific data on mediterranean species ; - promoting regional conservation tools, especially red lists or actions plans, that can guide conservation actions ; - building capacity on species conservation and management in the region ; and - supporting the work of regional iucn members and networks, such as the species survival commission. the mediterranean species programme collaborates with numerous individuals and organizations in order to achieve these goals. amongst its main partners are the iucn species survival commission and iucn specialist groups, conservation international, the ci centre for applied biodiversity science, the agreement on the conservation of cetaceans of the black sea, mediterranean sea and contiguous atlantic area ( accobams ), the barcelona convention, birdlife international, the instituto centrale per la ricerca applicata al mare ( icram ), the turkish marine research foundation ( tudav ), as well as several universities ( centro de investigacao em biodiversidae e recursos geneticos da universidade do porto ( cibio / up ), american university of beirut, universite d ' annaba, etc... ).


a key issue in dealing with marine pollution incidents is preparedness. given the volumes of oil and other pollutants shipped around the uk and the turbulent, often unpredictable nature of our waters, marine pollution incidents are an unfortunate inevitability. the uk has extremely well developed contingency planning arrangements to ensure that if pollution does occur, its impacts can be limited in the most effective way. the following contingency plans are regularly reviewed and updated with input from us. the national contingency plan produced by the maritime and coastguard agency, this plan outlines the roles and responsibilities of all key players in a marine pollution incident. this plan is reviewed every five years. mmo marine pollution contingency plan we hold the mmo marine pollution contingency plan, which outlines the procedures we carry out in case of a marine pollution incident. this plan is under constant review to ensure the best possible response. - mmo marine pollution contingency plan ( pdf 1. 8 mb ) updated 13 may 2013 standing environment group contingency plans there are 14 standing environment groups ( segs ) around the coasts of england and wales. in addition, northern ireland and scotland each have their own seg. port / harbour authority contingency plans under the merchant shipping ( oil pollution preparedness response and co - operation, oprc ) regulations 1998, ports and harbours in england and wales are required to have contingency plans ready to be implemented in the event of a marine pollution incident emergency. these plans are reviewed by the marine pollution response team and relevant local offices within the mmo. ports and harbours may also obtain standing approvals to use oil spill treatment products in specific circumstances without needing to apply for permission from us. such standing approvals are considered by our marine pollution response team and local mmo offices, the centre for environment, fisheries and aquatic science ( cefas ) and natural england. standing approvals are issued with strict conditions, usually including type and maximum amount of product to be used, and specific tidal conditions during which use can take place ( usually on an ebb, or out - flowing, tide ). standing approvals are available to view as a list, or as an interactive map. offshore installation plans a proportion of oil pollution emergency plans ( opeps ) for offshore installations ( oil and gas rigs and offshore wind farms ) in english and welsh waters are seen by us for input into the review process, led by the department of energy and climate change ( decc ). mmo has produced guidance on


as it is improper to mention a lesser known incident of the war and not provide sufficient details, allow me to follow up yesterday ’ s post with more information about the childs - ripley incident at charleston arsenal in late november 1862. so a bit of background on the principles to start. the son thomas childs, a distinguished war of 1812 officer, major frederick l. childs graduated west point in 1855. he briefly served at fort monroe, florida, west point, and fort moultrie before posting to the texas frontier. in march 1861, childs resigned and offered his services to the confederacy. captain childs, c. s. a, commanded castle pinckney in april 1861, playing a minor role in the bombardment of fort sumter. later that spring he served at posts around wilmington in his native state of north carolina. but in july childs returned to charleston in command of the arsenal, detailed to the ordnance department. in this capacity, childs came into frequent contact with brigadier general roswell s. ripley, who commanded troops in the charleston area. not a southerner by birth, ripley graduated seventh in the west point class of 1843, a good bit ahead of fellow ohioan ulysses s. grant. he received two brevet promotions for service in the mexican war. after brief assignments in florida during the seminole wars, ripley reported to fort moultrie. there he courted the wealthy widow alicia middleton. shortly after marriage, ripley left the army and entered the private sector, no doubt with his wife ’ s estate providing a significant step up. ripley remained active in military affairs, joining the state militia. that capacity placed him at the fore of operations at the start of the war. he played a significant role in operations against fort sumter and the establishment of the defenses of charleston afterwards. but in the spring of 1862, ripley ’ s notion of a forward defense of the city conflicted with his superiors ( at first general robert e. lee, then later general john c. pemberton ). granted a transfer, ripley took command of a brigade in general d. h. hill ’ s division in northern virginia. after serving through the summer campaigns, ripley was wounded leading his brigade at antietam. on recovery, authorities requested his services again at charleston – which again placed him in contact with childs. in mid - october ripley assumed command of the first military district at charleston. the direct trail to the contention between childs and ripley began with special orders no. 229 issued by general p. g.


which again placed him in contact with childs. in mid - october ripley assumed command of the first military district at charleston. the direct trail to the contention between childs and ripley began with special orders no. 229 issued by general p. g. t. beauregard ’ s headquarters ( department of south carolina and georgia ) on november 21, 1862, which read in part : iii. the commanding general of first military district has authority to direct and order the rifling and banding of such guns as require it within his command to the extent of the capacity for doing the work effectually, and may make requisitions directly upon the charleston arsenal or other proper source through his district ordnance officer for the necessary material for the work. as mentioned in the previous post, beauregard sensed peril at charleston, particularly a growing threat from the federal fleet. from his perspective, beauregard complained of extensive delays modifying old smoothbore ordnance into at least partially acceptable rifled guns. working through childs, the turn around time was four weeks. ripley, perhaps bypassing much red tape, claimed the process could be done in half the time. but the nature of this order put beauregard ’ s command at odds with the confederate ordnance department. childs ’ authority at the arsenal covered the requisition, or modification, of ordnance. yet order no. 229 gave ripley authority in that regard. while ripley negotiated directly with eason & brothers, childs sought to bring another charleston firm, that of cameron & company, to bear on the problem. towards that end, childs had earmarked a set of 42 - pdr bands for a contract with cameron, and asked for ripley to send one of those weapons there. ripley, on the other had, had at least one 42 - pdr gun at eason awaiting bands. this came to a head on november 26, 1862. ripley arrived at the arsenal with armed guards and demanded childs release the bands for immediate use at eason ’ s shop. childs refused on the grounds the iron was obtained from atlanta, under the ordnance department ’ s authority, not the local command ’ s. in a three page report ( first page seen below ), childs noted, “ … the bands have been waiting for the guns and it was every intention to give them either to eason or cameron … ” but ripley had not turned the appropriate guns over to the arsenal for the work. ripley, on the other hand, claimed he ’ d already sent the


waiting for the guns and it was every intention to give them either to eason or cameron … ” but ripley had not turned the appropriate guns over to the arsenal for the work. ripley, on the other hand, claimed he ’ d already sent the guns where the work was to be done which would save time in the process. childs, somewhat resentfully added, “ there can be no proper reason for the easons not working as well for me as for general ripley … ” ripley had childs arrested, citing the failure to fill valid requisitions with the supply on hand. and of course the bands went over to eason. for what it was worth, beauregard fully recognized the conflicting issues, noting, “ … the chiefs of ordnance of this department and district, relying too much on the supplies of the arsenal, of which they are not fully informed, often make requisitions at too short notice, thereby causing unnecessary delays and confusion. ” his offered solution was a relocation of the arsenal to “ a place in the northwestern part of this state ” selected by major childs. the ordnance department ’ s response, if any, was not recorded. childs remained under arrest, but was allowed to continue his work at the arsenal, confined to charleston, awaiting a court - marshal. the contention for iron feeding into the defense of charleston continued in spite of the arrest. by late december colonel ambrosio j. gonzales, beauregard ’ s chief of artillery, pressed the ordnance department for more munitions, particularly projectiles for the 32 - pdr and 42 - pdr rifled guns. gonzales complained he had less than 50 rounds per gun at forts sumter and moultrie. in response forwarded on january 6, 1863, colonel josiah gorgas cautioned, “ it would be well to consider the question of a supply of rifle projectiles before going too far with the rifling and banding of 32 - pdrs. the want of proper iron for casting these shells is very serious. ” that last sentence sums up so many problems facing the confederate war effort – a want of iron. gonzales, ripley, and beauregard needed supplies in charleston. and likewise j. r. anderson called for supplies in richmond. ( and let ’ s not forget what the confederacy lost just a year prior. ) gorgas ’ went on to suggest, “ send me a full statement of all you want and cannot get at charleston, limiting your requisition to, say, 150 rounds


while the easiest languages for english speakers to learn have some syntactic common ground with english, the toughest ones are quite alien. learners tackle writing systems, tonality, and grammatical systems so different, they can make an english - speaking head spin. if you ’ re studying or have mastered one of these nine languages, matador salutes you … and we want to learn your secrets. arabic breaks down into families. one is the modern standard arabic of print, media, and online content. the other is spoken arabic, which encompasses many colloquial dialects which vary by region. this means that if you pick up conversational arabic in tunisia, it might still be tough to be understood in kuwait. for all dialects of arabic, pronunciation is difficult for english speakers, as many consonants are formed at the back of the mouth. arabic script is a phonetic, 28 - symbol alphabet descending from phonecian. most letters change shape depending on their position in the word, and letters may or may not be joined. the most basic challenge in tackling written arabic is in reading from right to left, working against an english speaker ’ s deeply embedded instinct. arabic grammar has very few parallels with english and indo - european languages. the plural is expressed by changing the vowel structure of the word : kitab ( book ) becomes kutub ( books ). the bulk of verbs are irregular and can be formed 25 ways. it ’ s a logical grammar system, but a complicated one too. in a study conducted by the british foreign office, basque was ranked as the hardest language to learn. geographically surrounded by romance languages, it is one of the only language isolates of europe, with no syntactic parallels to english. the regional dialects are highly diverged, though a standardized basque is used for media and academics. like many languages on this list, basque is agglutinative, meaning that words are formed and modified with prefixes and suffixes. while “ law ” is lege in basque, the phrase “ according to the law ” would be structured by suffixes as “ legearen arabera. ” instead of prepositions, basque uses cases endings to show the relationship between words, such as mendi ( mountain ) and mendira ( to the mountain ). it sounds simple, but with eleven cases, each taking four forms, the grammar is complex. basque is written in the roman alphabet and pronunciation is fairly easy, even with new consonant sounds like tx or tz. cantonese is a tonal language, which can


simple, but with eleven cases, each taking four forms, the grammar is complex. basque is written in the roman alphabet and pronunciation is fairly easy, even with new consonant sounds like tx or tz. cantonese is a tonal language, which can be hugely challenging for english speakers who are used to speaking with emphasis ( “ i didn ’ t eat your sandwich! ” ) and inflection, rising tones to pose a question. cantonese can be difficult even for those fluent in other chinese dialects because of its tonal system. while mandarin has four tones, cantonese has eight, with pitch and contour shaping a syllable ’ s meaning. chinese has a logographic ( pictoral ) writing system of 5000 + characters. this gives a new hurtle to language learning, since a reader of cantonese can ’ t sound out syllables in a text as we can with phonetic alphabets. they must know and recall the name of each character. it is a myth that all chinese languages are written in the same logographic form, though cantonese and mandarin share many traits of their writing systems, and the mandarin writing system is often used by cantonese speakers. barry farber, the author of “ how to learn any language ” and a polyglot many times over, says that finnish is one of the hardest languages for him to learn. finnish is in the finno - ugric language family, with estonian and hungarian. without germanic or latin influence, finnish vocabulary is completely alien to english speakers. its grammar is also somewhat notorious. there are fifteen noun cases, sometimes with subtle differences. talotta means “ without a house, ” while talolta means “ from a house. ” tricky. there are six verb types, classed by their stems. these stems alter as the verbs are conjugated. the language is agglutinative and verbs are conjugated with a succession of suffixes. the good news? finnish is written as it sounds ( in the roman alphabet! ), and pronunciation is comfortable for english speakers. a common speaking problem lies in remembering single or double vowel sounds, as in tuli ( fire ) and tuuli ( wind ). though it uses the roman alphabet for writing, don ’ t think that reading hungarian will be a snap. unique vowel sounds ( a, e, o, o, o, u, u, u, i ) and consonant clusters ( ty, gy, ny, sz, zs, dzs, dz, ly, cs ) make it difficult for


, e, o, o, o, u, u, u, i ) and consonant clusters ( ty, gy, ny, sz, zs, dzs, dz, ly, cs ) make it difficult for english tongues to read and pronounce hungarian. instead of articles, hungarian conjugates verbs in one of two ways for definite and indefinite objects. olvasok konyvet means “ i read a book, ” while olvasom a konvyet is “ i read the book. ” because possession, tense, and number are indicated by suffixes, not word order in a sentence, hungarian sentence structure is very loose and flexible. sounds forgiving for a novice speaker, huh? the truth is that any sentence can take on several meanings if the suffixes are altered slightly. it ’ s a confusing system to learn. the good news about japanese? for english speakers, pronunciation is a cinch. japanese vowel and consonant sounds are very familiar to those fluent in english, which makes the language easy to parrot and understand. the tough part? written japanese can be a headache to learn. it uses four alphabets including the chinese - influenced kanji ( pictoral ), two phonetic writing systems, and the roman alphabet ( romanji ). the notion of honorific language is challenging for learners. japanese speech can vary with levels of politeness, with each level having set forms and rules. english has no set way of speaking honorifically or intimately, and learners may have trouble recalling when and where to use honorific speech. grammatically, japanese is a mixed bag. there are only three irregular verbs and a pretty consistent structure, with verbs at the end of the sentence. nouns carry no gender or number, though they can function as adjectives or adverbs, which can be confusing for readers. studying japanese? check out matador ’ s 10 essential tips for learning japanese and 10 extraordinarily useful japanese phrases for travelers. the navajo language was famously used as a code by us forces in world war two. in the pacific battles, japanese codebreakers cracked other allied dialects and coded language. they could never decipher navajo. navajo is a verb - centred language. even adjectives have no direct translation into navajo ; descriptions are given through verbs. it ’ s a prefix - heavy language, with 25 kinds of pronominal prefixes which can be stacked onto one another. this forms incredibly long phrases like chidi naaʼnaʼi bee


navajo ; descriptions are given through verbs. it ’ s a prefix - heavy language, with 25 kinds of pronominal prefixes which can be stacked onto one another. this forms incredibly long phrases like chidi naaʼnaʼi beeʼeldoohtsoh bikaaʼ dah naazniligii which means “ army tank. ” another feature unique to navajo is animacy, wherein nouns will take on certain verbs according to their rank in the hierarchy of animation. humans and lightning are highest, children and big animals come next, and abstractions sit at the bottom. it ’ s a fascinating aspect of the language and culture, but a tough one to memorize and put into practice. written mandarin is pictoral and contains over 20, 000 characters. some base characters, like root words, appear in other symbols, like ( the character for “ woman ” forming part of “ sister. ” the written form of the language has no phonic connection to the spoken form. mandarin, like cantonese, is a tonal language, and a misused inflection can change the meaning of a sentence. the syllable “ ma ” can mean mother or horse, depending on the inflection, which could lead to grave insults at the dinner table. grammatically, mandarin is far simpler than indo - european languages. words, for the most part, have only one grammatical form. their function is shown through prepositions, word order and particles. building and comprehending this syntax, however, takes time. there are some tough elements like mandarin adverbs : a dozen words which have no direct english translation. at first, the language seems far easier than other east asian tongues. no tones! no pictoral writing system! it ’ s true that reading and writing in korean is easy to master, as the language uses the very logical hangul phonetic written system. speaking and listening, while tone - free, can be challenging with unique sounds that are hard for english speakers to recognize, let alone master. the biggest challenge with korean lies in the grammar. verbs can be conjugated hundreds of ways, depending on tense, mood, age and seniority. like japanese, one sentence can be said in three different ways, depending on the relationship between the speaker and addressee. adjectives are conjugated too, with hundreds of possible endings. also, there are also two different number systems, quite different from one another. have you studied any of these languages? what did you find most difficult?


art education program courses alternative settings for art education in this course students will use the museum, contemporary art collections and alternative settings as a resource for informing classroom practice and will explore, develop, and participate in engaging intergenerational and multicultural community field and group activities on site in various venues in the portland area. under the guidance of the instructor students will collaborate with local schools and teachers to conduct classroom visits, develop and lead gallery tours, and teach integrated workshops in a museum setting. students will engage young children by extending and integrating their academic knowledge through interdisciplinary and integrated lesson plans. students will learn how to work collaboratively with their communities to create artwork that has a social impact. in addition to class time, a minimum of 25 hours of assigned fieldwork is required for successful completion of this course. students will explore the diverse roles of the artist / educator to engage student learning through the arts. individual studio practices will be translated into teaching expertise to inform curriculum design and development. understanding how individual identities and dispositions shape one ’ s practice will be a key focus of this course. through readings, cooperative learning strategies, on - site observations, presentations and research a collaborative circle of learning will set the stage for inquiry and improvement of pedagogy throughout students ’ professional careers. in addition to class time, a minimum of 10 hours of assigned fieldwork is required for successful completion of this course. creativity and cognition in the arts students will study multiple perspectives of educational theory and their relationship to the cognitive, creative and psychosocial development of children and adolescents. students will examine the role of creativity and cognition in the arts, developing strategies to engage critical and creative thinking to foster learning across the curriculum. students will envision and invent new learning strategies that will meet the needs of student learning and thinking in an ever - changing context. in addition to class time a minimum of 10 hours of assigned fieldwork is required for students for successful completion of this course. exceptionality in the art classroom course will provide students with a framework for understanding the concept of exceptionality and an overview of the characteristics of students with disabilities. strategies for how to effectively instruct, modify, adapt and differentiate instruction as well as how to provide educational services and resources for students who need additional support to learn, as well as for gifted children, particularly in an inclusive art classroom, will be explored. students will gain a basic understanding of the identification of exceptional children, processes and procedures that determine student eligibility for special services, and current legislation as it relates to individuals with exceptionalities. in addition to class


in an inclusive art classroom, will be explored. students will gain a basic understanding of the identification of exceptional children, processes and procedures that determine student eligibility for special services, and current legislation as it relates to individuals with exceptionalities. in addition to class time, a minimum of 15 hours of assigned fieldwork is required for successful completion of this course. frameworks for teaching and learning in multicultural environments students will study and critically examine theories and practices in teaching, and the ethical and legal responsibilities of an educator teaching art to children and adolescents within various learning contexts and environments. students will explore a range of approaches to teaching art in public and private school classrooms, from highly structured to experimental. course content focuses on the history of art education within the larger educational framework. contemporary methods of art education such as reggio emilia, discipline based art education ( dbae ), and teaching for artistic behaviors ( tab ), and multicultural studies will be investigated. students will develop curricula that incorporates relevant theory, produce documentation, and assess learning outcomes in a variety of settings. through on - site observations and experiences, students will examine questions and issues exploring the diverse perspectives of the visual arts education classroom. in addition to class time, a minimum of 25 hours of assigned fieldwork is required for successful completion of this course. k - 12 curriculum design, development and assessment course introduces students to instructional design through themes, media and concepts culminating in a series of unit plans that meet the cognitive, social and personal interests of youth. under the guidance of the instructor, students will explore materials and develop comprehensive lesson plans and assessment tools that integrate personal artistic expertise with research. through guided practice, students will gain confidence in teaching children in preparation for the student teaching experience. lesson planning, unit planning, integration of technology, teaching methods and other relevant topics will be discussed. in addition to class time, a minimum of 25 hours of pre - practicum experiences is required for successful completion of this course. professional practices seminar this seminar will provide a forum to support students during their student teaching experiences, exploring the day - to - day issues encountered in the classroom. the course will focus on making connections with theory and pedagogy, meeting state and national standards, and on facilitating reflection on one ’ s identity as a teacher and on the overall goals of the program. developing the teaching portfolio occurs in conjunction with understanding the requirements for entry into the field and professional responsibilities of an art teacher. issues relevant to student teaching experiences and career preparation will be investigated through readings and discussions. registration by permission of the


study shows bariatric surgery restores pancreatic function by targeting belly fat in a substudy of the stampede trial ( surgical therapy and medications potentially eradicate diabetes efficiently ), cleveland clinic researchers have found that gastric bypass surgery reverses diabetes by uniquely restoring pancreatic function in moderately obese patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes. the two - year substudy evaluated the effects of bariatric surgery and intensive medical therapy on blood sugar levels, body composition, and pancreatic beta - cell function. striking metabolic changes were observed in patients who underwent bariatric surgery compared with intensive medical therapy, particularly in the gastric bypass treatment group. " the substudy results extend the findings from our initial 12 - month report that showed bariatric surgery can eliminate the need for diabetes medications in many obese patients with uncontrolled diabetes, " said lead investigator sangeeta kashyap, m. d., an endocrinologist at cleveland clinic ' s endocrinology & metabolism institute. " furthermore, we observed that gastric bypass can resurrect a failing pancreas. " the cells of the pancreas that produce insulin, a hormone that helps the body store and use sugar, are called beta cells. malfunctioning pancreatic beta cells can cause the pancreas to not release enough insulin ; they can also produce insulin that the body does not recognize. when the body can ' t use insulin properly, it can ' t regulate the amount of glucose in its bloodstream. " gastric bypass surgery seems to uniquely restore pancreatic beta - cell function, presumably by targeting belly fat and modifying the hormones in the gastrointestinal tract, " said kashyap. " gastric bypass remarkably targets belly fat where hormones that are toxic to the body develop. " researchers observed that patients who underwent gastric bypass saw a greater reduction in belly fat compared to the patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy. the substudy results indicate a correlation between a decrease in belly fat and the ability of the pancreas to start working again. diabetes care published the study results online today. the prospective, randomized, controlled substudy followed 60 patients from the original stampede trial to determine the durability of the initial results and examine the metabolic changes observed with bariatric surgery. the patients were divided into three groups of 20 : those who received intensive medical therapy of their diabetes, those who received intensive medical therapy plus gastric bypass surgery,


( 2 ) | 9 - separate lives : neuronal and organismal lifespans decoupled mar 27, 2013 | 4. 9 / 5 ( 8 ) | 0 - sizing things up : the evolutionary neurobiology of scale invariance feb 28, 2013 | 4. 8 / 5 ( 10 ) | 14 calculating on - axis elements of a solenoid 3 hours ago i wanted to mention that this solenoid has many winds over many layers. the thickness of the windings is 2. 4 inches coming off of the engineering... latitude & longitude & air pressure 4 hours ago hi there, i have a peculiar question. imagine that you are in a earth position, obtained by google, that gives you the latitude and longitude.... differences of classical mechanics when learned with calc vs algebra? 7 hours ago what are the differences? every example i find usually has a derivative or integral or some kind of calculus defined concept that seems to make it... what is the distance traveled 11 hours ago a rough sketch of experiment. image : http : / / i43. tinypic. com / 14t4sk5. png the red dots represent a side view of path traveled, f is downward force... image of a convex lens cut in half horizontally 15 hours ago hello everyone, a friend of mine came up with this question in class and i really do not have a good answer. suppose you have a convex lens... ray tracing throught optical system of thick lenses 15 hours ago can you advise me a free software that allow to draw rays passed throught system of thick lenses ( preferable in 3d )? - more from physics forums - classical physics more news stories johns hopkins researchers have developed new guidelines — the first in more than 35 years — to govern the amount of blood ordered for surgical patients. the recommendations, based on a lengthy study of blood use at the johns... surgery 10 hours ago | 4 / 5 ( 1 ) | 0 indian doctors said wednesday they have successfully carried out a first round of reconstructive surgery on the skull of a baby suffering from a rare disorder that caused her head to nearly double in size. surgery 15 hours ago | not rated yet | 0 a 33 - year - old polish man received a face transplant just three weeks after being disfigured in a workplace accident, in what his doctors said wednesday is the fastest time frame to date for such an operation.... surgery 16 hours ago | not rated yet | 0


man received a face transplant just three weeks after being disfigured in a workplace accident, in what his doctors said wednesday is the fastest time frame to date for such an operation.... surgery 16 hours ago | not rated yet | 0 surgeons investigated sexual function in 62 patients, 50 years and older, who had received extensive spinal – pelvic instrumentation for spinal deformity at the university of virginia health center. based on their results,... surgery may 21, 2013 | not rated yet | 0 physicians at monash university and the alfred hospital in melbourne, australia describe the logistic, medical, and societal challenges faced in treating spine trauma in morbidly obese patients. based on a case series of... surgery may 21, 2013 | not rated yet | 0 existing research shows that bicyclists who wear helmets have an 88 percent lower risk of brain injury, but researchers at boston children ' s hospital found that simply having bicycle helmet laws in place showed a 20 percent... 31 minutes ago | not rated yet | 0 swiss scientists reveal the mechanism responsible for aging hidden deep within mitochondria — and dramatically slow it down in worms by administering antibiotics to the young. 11 hours ago | 4. 9 / 5 ( 7 ) | 0 | researchers from queen mary, university of london have led the largest sequencing study of human disease to date, investigating the genetic basis of six autoimmune diseases. 11 hours ago | 4 / 5 ( 1 ) | 0 | until now, little was scientifically known about the human potential to cultivate compassion — the emotional state of caring for people who are suffering in a way that motivates altruistic behavior. 8 hours ago | 5 / 5 ( 2 ) | 2 | 8 hours ago | 5 / 5 ( 1 ) | 0 | a new approach for immunizing against influenza elicited a more potent immune response and broader protection than the currently licensed seasonal influenza vaccines when tested in mice and ferrets. the vaccine... 8 hours ago | not rated yet | 0 |


in order to maximize learning and transfer of this information into practice we have provided a variety of tools. this section includes suggested formats for educational programs as well as vital components. this includes : a basic slide set for a 45 minute didactic lecture ; a video depicting actual ed scenarios and didactic information ( 40 minutes ) ; role play scenarios for skills – based workshops ; and additional information / enhancements for further educational sessions. while it is relatively easy to teach this technique to emergency practitioners, the real power of this technique is realized only if they are used in clinical practice. the additional content is provided to assist with transfer of learning. rationale for specific teaching tools we have created a slide presentation in powerpoint™ format for use in a lecture to learners. the purpose of the lecture is several – fold : - introduce the topic of unhealthy drinking as it pertains to the ed - review the pertinent literature in the field of alcohol screening and intervention - describe a recommended process of screening, brief intervention ( sbi ), namely the “ brief negotiation interview, ” and referral to treatment in the emergency department - stress to learners that interventions in the ed can make a difference the basic slide set can be easily covered in about 45 minutes. these slides can be used “ as – is ” or can be customized ( see supplementary slides ). several barriers exist to screening and intervention that may be raised by the learners. the key job of the lecturer is to address these barriers and provide information to raise the awareness of the learner regarding the burden of illness related to unhealthy alcohol use and the proven efficacy of offering sbi and referral to treatment in the ed setting. in addition other factors that promote change in an institution such as system changes, use of opinion leaders for example can be discussed to enhance success. ( see slide set ) didactic sessions alone are not enough to maximize the learning of this important topic. effective screening, brief intervention and referral to treatment ( sbirt ) are skills. instructors would not have residents perform a skill such as central venous access or lumbar puncture after having only heard a lecture on the topic. insufficient preparation of learners is an invitation for failure. also, the initial attempts at using this technique will be awkward. if the learners encounter difficulties in implementing this technique due to lack of familiarity while with patients in a busy ed, they will be less likely to incorporate it into their clinical practice. a sample role – play should be viewed by the learners after the didactic session.


learners encounter difficulties in implementing this technique due to lack of familiarity while with patients in a busy ed, they will be less likely to incorporate it into their clinical practice. a sample role – play should be viewed by the learners after the didactic session. this can be accomplished by two instructors in real time, or a short video clip can be used that is provided on the website. skills – based sessions are critical. ideally the learners should split into groups of three. one learner plays the provider, another plays the patient and the third acts as the observer. the provider and patient receive a scripted handout with information pertaining to his or her part in the case they are role – playing that includes their alcohol screen, and history. the patient has their readiness to change response including cons and pros of drinking. the observer should have provider ’ s page. he / she should note what things the provider did well, that evoked a positive response on the part of the patients, and what things were said that elicited a negative response. they should also note that all the critical “ prescribed ” components of the intervention were adhered to as well as that “ proscribed ” components such as labeling the patient, or argumentative statements were not used. when time is limited, an alternative method is to split into groups of 2 without the observer, however there is potential for much to be lost in translation with this method as both participants are usually engrossed in their role and will miss some important responses to each other. once all pairs are finished, the entire group should reflect briefly on successes and difficulties encountered ( ie, debrief ). after that, another role – play is done, with learners reversing roles. this process is repeated as time permits. we recommend each learner gets to portray the provider. we have provided several examples of the sbirt in video format. we suggest these be used as a supplement to the lecture and role play. most learners will only need to see one or two videos to grasp the technique. the video is versatile as it can be used in a large group format to show an example of the technique or in a small group, where the video can serve as a springboard for discussion. we have provided extra slides that can be inserted into the lecture as determined by the instructor. instructors are encouraged to customize the slides as they see fit ; for example, inserting data on regional alcohol use trends. a number of materials can be provided to learners. the primary purpose of these materials is


application configuration files application configuration files contain settings specific to an application. this file contains configuration settings that the common language runtime reads ( such as assembly binding policy, remoting objects, and so on ), and settings that the application can read. the name and location of the application configuration file depend on the application ' s host, which can be one of the following : the configuration file for an application hosted by the executable host is in the same directory as the application. the name of the configuration file is the name of the application with a. config extension. for example, an application called myapp. exe can be associated with a configuration file called myapp. exe. config. in visual studio projects, place the. config file in the project directory and set its copy to output directory property to copy always or copy if newer. visual studio automatically copies the file to the directory where it compiles the assembly. for more information about asp. net configuration files, see asp. net configuration settings internet explorer - hosted application. if an application hosted in internet explorer has a configuration file, the location of this file is specified in a < link > tag with the following syntax : < link rel = " configurationfilename " href = " location " > in this tag, location is a url to the configuration file. this sets the application base. the configuration file must be located on the same web site as the application.


technologies of tracking and the making of modern wildlife publication year : 2010 published by : the johns hopkins university press download pdf ( 56. 7 kb ) most of the research for this book was completed while i was a student in mit ’ s doctoral program in history, anthropology, and science, technology, and society. during that period and since, harriet ritvo has been a thoughtful, rigorous, and generous advisor and friend. her scholarship on human - animal relationships profoundly shaped this book, as it has many others. introduction : knowing the wild download pdf ( 43. 6 kb ) many americans in the second half of the twentieth century were fascinated with wild animals. they watched wildlife films and television shows, visited zoos, aquariums, and amusement parks with performing wild animals, donated money to organizations working to “ save ” baby seals, whales, pandas, tigers, and other charismatic creatures, and gave their support to politicians... 1 cold war game download pdf ( 793. 0 kb ) in search of new methods of locating, tracking, and identifying individual wild animals in their natural habitats, wildlife biologists in the 1950s looked to the electronic technologies of the cold war and the space age. the recent invention of the transistor had made it possible to build, for the first time, radio transmitters small enough... 2 the poetry of wilderness download pdf ( 572. 7 kb ) despite a brief flourishing of scientific research in the american national parks in the 1930s, the national park service ’ s interest in science had never been strong. as late as the 1950s, for example, the iconic grizzly bears of yellowstone or mount mckinley had not yet been subjected to systematic study. 3 diplomatic and political subtleties download pdf ( 641. 8 kb ) in the 1960s, indian biologists such as e. p. gee and salim ali began to warn that the country ’ s population of tigers would soon be extinct if habitat loss and hunting continued at their present rates. by the end of the decade they were joined by a number of european and american conservationists, including s. dillon ripley,... 4 the regulatory leviathan download pdf ( 453. 7 kb ) while radio tags had been successfully deployed on a variety of species of birds and terrestrial animals by the mid - 1960s, the use of the technique to study marine animals lagged far behind. the technical and logistical challenges of radio tagging marine mammals, sea turtles, and fishes were daunting : the animals often lived in harsh and inaccessible environments ;...


, the use of the technique to study marine animals lagged far behind. the technical and logistical challenges of radio tagging marine mammals, sea turtles, and fishes were daunting : the animals often lived in harsh and inaccessible environments ;... conclusion : new connections download pdf ( 65. 5 kb ) from the 1960s to the 1990s, disputes over wildlife radiotelemetry often pitted scientists against wilderness activists, animal protectionists, and others claiming to speak for animals and for the public. at the end of the twentieth century, radio tracking also became a means for wildlife biologists to establish connections between the animals they studied and the mass audiences whose support was necessary for effective conservation. download pdf ( 57. 7 kb ) download pdf ( 203. 4 kb ) essay on sources download pdf ( 57. 9 kb ) the technical development of wildlife radiotelemetry in the 1960s can be tracked through two periodicals : the journal of wildlife management, which is widely available, and the wildlife society ’ s wildlife telemetry newsletter ( 1961 – 1967 ), which can be found in the library of the university of minnesota and a few other locations. the proceedings of the 1962 biotelemetry conference at the … download pdf ( 70. 3 kb ) page count : 264 illustrations : 15 halftones, 1 line drawing publication year : 2010 series title : animals, history, culture series editor byline : harriet ritvo, series editor


search the collections australian red cross society image : badge - australian red cross appeal, 1918 ( incomplete ) source : museum victoria the international committee of the red cross was formed in 1863 and is the founding body of the red cross movement. today the australian red cross is one of 178 members of the international federation of red cross and red crescent societies. the australian red cross was formed as a branch of the british red cross at government house, melbourne on 13 august 1914. it was established by lady helen munro - ferguson, wife of the governor - general, nine days after the outbreak of world war i. lady munro - ferguson had been a member of the british red cross in fyfe, scotland, and was aware of the important role the organization played in britain. she asked the wives of each state governor to form a local committee in each capital, which they agreed to do. the first australian red cross volunteers focused on supplying care parcels containing soap, toiletries, special food and games for sick and wounded troops. within weeks of its foundation, the branch was providing clothing ( flannel shirts, cardigans, socks and gloves ), medical supplies and equipment. soon it was shipping items such as mosquito nets, hospital clothing and materials, and food parcels. it initiated the voluntary aid detachments ( vad ), whose members cared for the sick and wounded in hospitals, on trains during transport and in convalescent homes. the red cross provided assistance to the survivors of the battle of gallipoli, the soldiers who fought in egypt, the blind and those suffering from the effects of war. in 1915 it also began its transport service, driving soldiers who had returned on the hospital ships to their homes or convalescent facilities. by the end of 1916 the service included 2, 500 cars, with more than half overseas, working on the battlefields of france, italy and east africa. transport duties included daily ambulance rounds to hospitals, weekly outings with patients, and delivering and collecting materials. the australian red cross also developed the cycle and motor cycle corps, with volunteers delivering special red cross messages or small parcels. after the great war the australian red cross continued to care for returned servicemen. the thousands of australian red cross volunteers who had been engaged actively during the war effort remained involved through local services and programs which were expanded to include hospital visits, emergency and disaster assistance, transport and first aid training : all the while expanding the strength and professionalism of the volunteers and the capacity of australian red cross. the sick and needy in the wider community were now also assisted


were expanded to include hospital visits, emergency and disaster assistance, transport and first aid training : all the while expanding the strength and professionalism of the volunteers and the capacity of australian red cross. the sick and needy in the wider community were now also assisted. in 1929 australian red cross set up the blood transfusion service in victoria, which soon expanded throughout australia. today the australian red cross blood service is considered to be one of the most effective and safe blood services in the world. in the same year that the blood transfusion service was established, the second geneva convention stated that red cross volunteers could be deployed alongside official medical personnel of the armed forces in the task of searching for and evacuating wounded or killed soldiers, and in the prevention of disease in the armed forces. in 1938 the australian red cross was formally recognized as an autonomous national society, and was incorporated by royal charter in 1941. its official name became the australian red cross society. world war ii placed much bigger challenges on red cross society volunteers and services : 347 men and 193 women served in 23 countries, as well as on hospital ships and aircraft carriers. thousands of australians spent hundreds of hours in red cross offices around the country, packing red cross parcels, sewing clothes and processing tracing requests. volunteers worked in hospitals throughout australia, and the australian red cross also supplied all personnel except for doctors and nurses for civil emergency hospitals and first aid posts. they cooked meals, carried out immunization programs and organized blood donor drives. australian red cross staff also provided assistance to captured and wounded enemy soldiers being treated in military hospitals. providing weekly food parcels, clothing, medical and other supplies to australian prisoners - of - war was one of the main tasks of australian red cross. for hundreds, if not thousands, the red cross parcels meant survival. many pows in germany, italy and other european countries received regular red cross deliveries. the japanese government refused to permit the dispatch of food parcels, medical supplies and clothing to pows in the far east, however. the scope of relief activities undertaken by australian red cross during world war ii was enormous. in 1945 australian red cross chartered the admiral chase to ship supplies to europe. the red cross tracing and message service was one of the busiest services during world war ii. prisoners of war have a right to communicate with their families under the geneva conventions, and during 1943 alone some 230, 000 letters were distributed to pow camps in malaya, java, shanghai, hong kong, china, burma and japan. australian red cross carried out a vast range of other relief operations throughout


their families under the geneva conventions, and during 1943 alone some 230, 000 letters were distributed to pow camps in malaya, java, shanghai, hong kong, china, burma and japan. australian red cross carried out a vast range of other relief operations throughout the war. in egypt a surgical unit was established, and in papua new guinea an army hospital was set up in torokina. the busiest time for the transport service was in 1945, when volunteer drivers met thousands of wounded servicemen and returning prisoners of war. in the immediate aftermath of world war ii, the australian red cross became active in providing emergency and development relief assistance to many countries. the need in many parts of the world was enormous. disasters in greece, malaysia, korea, papua new guinea, pakistan and japan were also assisted. after the 1950s, australian red cross continued to expand its domestic and overseas humanitarian operations. during the korean war, it provided services to australian troops with volunteers visiting hospitals, facilitating correspondence with families at home and organizing help for released pows. provision of emergency relief assistance in disasters and conflicts, implementation of development programs and deployment of professional delegates all became standard activities of australian red cross. the national office of australian red cross society is today based in melbourne. state and territory offices are located in each capital city and are responsible for membership, fundraising and the provision of local services and programs. over 60 community services are provided in australia, including disaster and community services ( such as meals on wheels ), tracing and refugee services, first aid, health and safety services and the australian red cross blood service. overseas, australian red cross provides other development and emergency programs. at any given time, more than 50 medical and relief field staff bring assistance and relief to victims in war zones around the world. australian red cross website http : / / www. redcross. org. au / aboutus _ history _ australia _ default. htm ( showing 1 - 7 ) 7 items australia victoria tennis prize medal c. 1940 ( ad ) mint : k. g. luke other details : this medal, issued by the red cross society, reflects the use of sport as a fund - raising activity in mel... images : 2 lined sheet of note paper listing the items made for, or sent as gifts to, soldiers during world war i by a mrs j. davis. she lists grey and brown slippers, face washers, linen and ' old... images : 1 letter on lined note paper from a wounded infantryman during world war i, addressed to a mrs james davis.


a mrs j. davis. she lists grey and brown slippers, face washers, linen and ' old... images : 1 letter on lined note paper from a wounded infantryman during world war i, addressed to a mrs james davis. according to the letter the soldier was wounded by a german machine gun, resul... images : 1 hand - written letter on stationery from the australian branch of the british red cross society, written by driver e. d. ross to mrs j. davis during world war i. the letter was written b... images : 1 hand - written letter on stationary from the presbyterian soldiers ' institute, written by private donald patience to mrs davis during world war i. the letter was written by private ( late... images : 1 australia victoria tennis prize medal c. 1940 ( ad ) mint : k. g. luke other details : this medal, issued by the red cross society, reflects the use of sport as a fund - raising activity in me... from : melbourne, australia images : 2 australia anzac rememberance 1914 - 1918 artist dora ohlfsen 1918 ( ad ) mint : not recorded other details : this medal was produced and sold to raise funds for of australians and new zeal... images : 4


for those who commute into new york city on a regular basis, thoughts of september 11, 2001 are never far away. the increased ever - present police presence at mass - transit facilities together with signs and announcements about " staying alert " serve as a constant reminder. lest we forget, new plots are sometimes unearthed and made public. on september 11 of this year, for example, one group was allegedly planning to blow up a variety of nyc buildings. because of the constant threat of terrorism, emergency response and disaster management have become much better armed and coordinated. these improved solutions have even proven their merit during natural disasters. this past august, for example, verizon wireless was able to test its communications solutions as wildfires raged in los angeles county. to stay connected, both firefighters in the field and evacuees at shelters used the verizon wireless network. the firm donated more than 160 cell phones and almost 100 mobile - broadband cards during the wildfires. it also added capacity to area cell sites as mandatory evacuations of residential and commercial neighborhoods generated spikes in call volume. the recent california wildfires also inspired the mundus group, inc. to form the airstar search & rescue unmanned aerial vehicle ( uav ) 4 life. with vertical takeoff and landing capabilities, the uav 4 life can fly out with fire and rescue departments and provide accurate visual details and thermal data of fires in buildings or forest areas. by gathering and communicating such data to rescue agencies, it can help to assess where the greatest dangers are in the immediate area as well as what occupies any adjacent buildings. it also can enable search and rescue operations where smoke or fog ground piloted planes and eliminate the possibility of ground searches. these solutions are only two examples of the multitude that exist. if some small consolation can be gained in the face of another terroristbased disaster, it is that better communications are available. as a result, such a disaster should be better managed and more lives saved. the technology will not be as effective, however, if the proper action is not taken by individuals. now more than ever, families should have an emergency plan. after a recent nationwide survey, underwriters laboratories ( ul ) revealed that more than 90 percent of children said they would know exactly what to do if there was an emergency like a fire. yet only 47 percent chose the safest option : to get out of the building immediately. those who live or work in or around major cities should have individual plans as well so that they have places to stay, alternate routes home, and more


surgical technologists, sometimes called “ scrub techs ” are allied health professionals who assist in surgical procedures under the supervision of surgeons and registered nurses. a surgical technologist provides surgical care to patients in a variety of settings. they possess expertise in theory and application of sterile and aseptic technique and combine the knowledge of anatomy, surgical procedures and implementation of tools and techniques to assist the surgeon in performance of invasive procedures. what do surgical technologists do? the surgical technologist ’ s role as a member of the operating room team is to ensure quality patient care during the operative procedure and constant vigilance in maintaining a sterile field. the surgical technologist can perform a variety of functions depending on their work environment. they check supplies and equipment for the procedures, set up sterile tables with instruments, supplies, equipment and medications / solutions, perform appropriate counts with the circulating nurse, drape the sterile field, pass instruments to surgeon and assistants, prepare sterile dressings and clean instruments for terminal sterilization. skills and helpful traits is this for me? the ability to perform under pressure in stressful and emergency situations is an essential quality for a surgical technologist. manual dexterity to handle instruments quickly and physical stamina are vital. a stable temperament, a strong sense of responsibility, considerable patience and exceptional organizational skills are also required. they are expected to keep abreast of new developments in the field and should make a commitment to lifelong learning. other skills that are required to succeed as a surgical technologist include : physical strength, eye / hand coordination, critical thinking skills, concentration, good interpersonal relations, memorization and sequencing. technologists must respond quickly and know the procedures well enough to have instruments ready for the surgeons. education and certification the trend today is to graduate from an accredited surgical technology training program and attain professional certification through the national board of surgical technology and surgical assisting ( nbstsa ). programs may be offered in community and junior colleges, vocational and technical schools, the military, universities and structured hospital programs in surgical technology. accredited programs vary from nine to fifteen months for a diploma or certificate to two years for an associate ’ s degree. the choice to become certified exhibits pride in the profession, the desire to be recognized for mastery of scientific principles, as well as ongoing commitment to quality patient care. certification is a means for upward mobility, a condition for employment in some areas, a route to higher pay and a source of recognition nationwide. according to the department of labor, employment of surgical technologists is expected to grow faster than the average for


. certification is a means for upward mobility, a condition for employment in some areas, a route to higher pay and a source of recognition nationwide. according to the department of labor, employment of surgical technologists is expected to grow faster than the average for all occupations through the year 2016 as the volume of surgery increases. the number of surgical procedures is expected to rise as the population grows and ages. technological advances, such as fiber optics, laser technology, and robotics will also introduce new surgical procedures. hospitals will continue as the primary employer of surgical technologists, although much faster employment growth is expected in offices and clinics of physicians, including ambulatory surgical centers. a few, known as private scrubs, are employed by surgeons who have special surgical teams, such as those for organ transplantation. technologists advance by specializing in a particular area of surgery, such as neurosurgery or open heart surgery. some surgical technologists manage central supply departments in hospitals, or take positions with insurance companies, sterile supply services and surgical equipment firms. job opportunities will be best for technologists who are certified. there is very high demand nationwide, with about five job openings for every graduate. surgical technologist work environments - operating rooms in hospitals - central sterile processing in hospitals - dental and orthodontic offices - private surgical facilities - experienced surgical technologists may return to teach future technologists - organ and tissue donation organizations the professional organization for surgical technologists is the association of surgical technologists ( ast ). formed in 1969 with the support of the american college of surgeons, american medical association ( ama ), american hospital association ( aha ), and association of perioperative registered nurses ( aorn ), ast represents the interests of over 80, 000 surgical technologists. ast ' s primary purpose is to ensure that surgical technologists have the knowledge and skills to administer patient care of the highest quality and is the principal provider in conjunction with more than 40 state organizations of continuing education for surgical technologists. ast also works with accreditation review committee on education in surgical technology and the national board of surgical technology and surgical assisting to set standards for education and certification and represent the profession at state and national levels to ensure graduation from an accredited program. $ 32, 490 and $ 46, 910 us department of labor bureau of labor statistics occupational outlook handbook, $ 36, 025 and $ 43, 583 professional organization websites i began my career as a hospital secretary but i knew i needed a bigger challenge while still wanting to help people. i moved


department of labor bureau of labor statistics occupational outlook handbook, $ 36, 025 and $ 43, 583 professional organization websites i began my career as a hospital secretary but i knew i needed a bigger challenge while still wanting to help people. i moved into a position as a nursing assistant and then an orderly. at the urging of my peers i began to explore my options as a surgical technologist. after completing a training program at the local community college and attaining my certification i finally found my life ’ s goal. if it ’ s broke, we can fix it i have always found the human body fascinating. i love the idea that when something is wrong with a patient ’ s body, we can go inside and make it better. surgical technologists get to work in almost every area of the body. some of the most common surgeries include joint replacements, ear, nose and throat procedures and “ simple fix ” operations like removing a patient ’ s gall bladder. surgical technologists work best as a team i work at one of cleveland clinic ’ s regional hospitals. i am able to assist with a variety of surgical procedures on a daily basis. working in a regional hospital allows for a stronger camaraderie among the other surgical technologists, doctors and the rest of the surgical team members due to the closeness of our daily interaction. teamwork is an essential element of my job. a surgical technologist ’ s typical shift begins at 7 a. m. and may or may not end at 3 : 30 p. m. if one is required to be “ on call ” that day or maybe pick up extra time for a colleague your day can last for several extra hours beyond that of your normal routine. ambulatory surgery center surgical technologists work a set schedule of monday through friday with no call time. stitching it together communication and a willingness to work with many personality types is a must in order to be a surgical technologist. knowledge of the many tools and procedures, working in a demanding field and responsibility for maintaining a sterile environment is vital to success for the surgical technologist. who says you can ’ t travel if you are a surgical technologist? i began my career as a surgical technologist in north carolina. the excitement of traveling to other hospitals across the united states gave me the opportunity to see a variety of procedures and many different techniques. i came to the cleveland clinic because their philosophy of “ patient ’ s first ” was a strong passion of mine. i also get to be a part of surgeries that do not happen anywhere else


to see a variety of procedures and many different techniques. i came to the cleveland clinic because their philosophy of “ patient ’ s first ” was a strong passion of mine. i also get to be a part of surgeries that do not happen anywhere else in the country. working at cleveland clinic ’ s main campus has allowed me to work with some of the world ’ s finest doctors and see a wide variety of procedures. it ’ s never too early to start i share my insight into my profession to all that i meet who may be interested in becoming a surgical technologist. there are educational programs available in cleveland and throughout the united states. not only is your education important for use on the job, but observing surgeries and talking with other surgical technologists will help you decide if this career path is the right one for you. certification for a surgical technologist is strongly recommended. joining with your fellow “ techs ” through networking in the association of surgical technologists allows one to keep informed and stay on top of the newest policies and procedures. patients are the reason for the job one of the biggest rewards of my job is that you can truly feel as if you have improved a person ’ s quality of life after a successful procedure. the patient ’ s protection and wellbeing is my number one priority. although we cannot always bond with our patients, we sometimes have the opportunity to meet them before or after surgery. they are always so grateful for what our team does. it makes our job that much more satisfying and another way we can exhibit our “ world class service. ”


originally a middle english anglicized form of french marie, from latin maria. this is a new testament form of miriam, which st jerome derives from elements meaning ‘ drop of the sea ’ ( latin stilla maris, later altered by folk etymology to stella maris ‘ star of the sea ’ ). mary was the name of the virgin mary, mother of jesus christ, who has been the subject of a cult from earliest times. consequently, the name was extremely common among early christians, several saints among them, and by the middle ages was well established in every country in europe at every level of society. it has been in use ever since, its popularity in england having been relatively undisturbed by vagaries of fashion until the 1960s, when it began to decline sharply. in the new testament, mary is also the name of several other women : mary magdalene ( see madeleine ) ; mary the sister of martha, who sat at jesus ' s feet while martha served ( luke 10 : 38 – 42 ; john 11 : 1 – 46 ; 12 : 1 – 9 ) and who came to be taken in christian tradition as symbolizing the value of a contemplative life ; the mother of st mark ( colossians 4 : 10 ) ; and a roman matron mentioned by st paul ( romans 16 : 6 ).


the wisconsin natural resources board recently approved a set of rules designed to address phosphorous and other nutrient pollution, as well as help control erosion and sedimentation in the state. wisconsin farmers will be able to obtain up to 70 % of the costs of implementing non - point pollution controls to meet the standards set by the new rules, according to the wisconsin department of natural resources ( dnr ) the rules address both point and non - point sources of pollution, including agricultural sources, factories, municipal water treatment systems, and urban and suburban storm water runoff. science - based, numerical water quality standards for phosphorus have been established. “ this comprehensive approach means that we will identify and work proactively with all sources that contribute to poor water quality in a watershed. we will rely on solid data to take actions that achieve maximum environmental benefits in the most cost - effective manner possible. these rules strike a good balance between creating a solid path to cleaner water and providing flexibility in implementation, ” says matt frank, wisconsin department of natural resources secretary. included in the package are numeric water quality criteria for rivers, streams and lakes that are expected to prove pivotal in determining phosphorus levels to keep waters clear of algae and safe for recreational activities. wisconsin has 172 lakes and streams on the impaired waters list for phosphorus. frank says that with this package, wisconsin becomes the first state in the country to create these water quality standards for rivers, lakes and streams. the rules build on wisconsin law that requires the state to partner with the agriculture community and provide cost - sharing dollars. the wisconsin dnr will work with county land conservation experts and farmers to help them use the best management practices to curb pollution, while helping provide incentives toward cost - effective solutions. under this provision, the dnr will provide the cost - share program as part of a positive enforcement of the rules.


4. 2. protoplanetary disks contrary perhaps to the expectation that protoplanetary disks would be deeply embedded within the clouds from which they form, and they would therefore be inaccessible to optical observations, hst revealed many dozens of protoplanetary disks ( " proplyds " ; e. g., bally, o ' dell and mccaughrean 2000 ; o ' dell 2001 ; o ' dell et al. 1993 ; o ' dell and wong 1996, following the initial correct identification by churchwell et al. 1987 and meaburn 1988 ). many of these disks are seen silhouetted against the background nebular light ( when they are shielded from photoionization ), with some possessing ionized skins and tails ( e. g., bally, o ' dell and mccaughrean 2000 ; henney and o ' dell 1999, fig. 12 ). figure 12. protoplanetary disks ( proplyds ) in the orion nebula ( m42 ), hst / wfpc2. credit : nasa, c. r. o ' dell ( vanderbilt university ), and m. mccaughrean ( max - planck - institute for astronomy ). http : / / hubblesite. org / newscenter / archive / 1995 / 45 / the ubiquity of the protoplanetary dust disks ( they are seen in 55 % - 97 % of stars ; hillebrand et al. 1998, lada et al. 2000 ) demonstrates that at least the raw materials for planet formation are in place around many young stars. indeed, in a few cases, like the dust ring and disk in hr 4796a and the nearly edge - on disk surrounding beta pictoris, the detailed hst images reveal gaps and warping ( respectively ) that could represent the effects of orbiting planets ( schneider et al. 1999, kalas et al. 2000 ). another aspect of the protoplanetary disks that is significant for planet formation is the discovery of evaporating disks in the orion nebula. as was noted in section iiia, some of the orion proplyds were shown to be evaporating ( due to photo - ablation by uv radiation from young, nearby stars ) at rates of ~ 10 - 7 to 10 - 6 m yr - 1 ( e. g., henney and o ' dell 1999 ). given that the masses of these disks are typically of order 10 - 2 m ( if normal interstellar grains are assumed, so that


to 10 - 6 m yr - 1 ( e. g., henney and o ' dell 1999 ). given that the masses of these disks are typically of order 10 - 2 m ( if normal interstellar grains are assumed, so that the observed dust emission can be scaled to the total mass ), this implies lifetimes for these disks of 105 years or less. there exists, however, some evidence that the grain sizes in orion ' s disks may, in fact, be relatively large - perhaps of the order of millimeters ( throop 2000 ). the latter conclusion is based on the fact that the outer portions of the disks appear to be gray ( they do not redden background light ), and on the failure to detect the disks at radio wavelengths in spite of the implied large extinction in the infrared ( hiding the central star in some cases ). the observations are thus consistent with grain sizes in excess of the radio wavelength used, of 1. 3 mm. when we think about the potential implications of these two findings ( about disk lifetimes and grain sizes ), we realize that they may have interesting consequences for the demographics of planets in orion. the relatively short disk lifetimes but relative large grain sizes may mean that while rocky ( terrestrial ) planets can form in these strongly irradiated environments, giant planets ( that require the accretion of hydrogen and helium from the protoplanetary disk ) cannot ( unless their formation process is extremely fast ; boss 2000, mayer et al. 2002 ). it is nevertheless clear from the many observations of " hot jupiters " ( giant planets with orbital radii 0. 05 au ) that less extreme environments do exist, in which giant planets not only form, but also have sufficient time to gravitationally interact with their parent disk and migrate inward, to produce the distribution in orbital separations we observe today ( see, for example, lin, bodenheimer, and richardson 1996, armitage et al. 2002 ). while disks around young stars produce jets and form planets, similar structures around old stars help perhaps to shape incredible " sculptures " around dying stars.


on july 4, 1776, delegates of the continental congress adopted the declaration of independence ; a document that announced the fledgling 13 colonies would gain freedom from rule under great britain - - a landmark decision during the early years of the revolutionary war. today, we typically celebrate the birth of american independence with barbecues, fireworks, and parades. but another way to celebrate is to become immersed in the rich history of connecticut and the early days of what has since become the united state of america. the burning of fairfield ( including westport, weston, easton, and black rock ) back when fairfield included two - thirds of westport, weston, easton, and bridgeport ' s black rock section, the area played a significant role in the revolutionary war. that role is commemorated every year by fairfield with a walking tour of an event known as the burning of fairfield. and begins at the. detailed how fairfielders helped the cause for independence. troops were sent from fairfield to fight in lexington, mass. in 1775 and to new york to fight in 1776. on july 7, 1779, british major general william tryon and 800 troops landed at black rock harbor and by that evening had taken fairfield ' s town green. seventeen hundred more british troops joined tryon later that evening and, by 8 a. m. on july 8, had burned 97 homes, 64 barns, two meetinghouses, a church, and the county jail. fairfield and the ' second war of independence ' this year - - the bicentennial of the war of 1812 - - fairfield will focus its july 4th festivities on its role in that war, according to a report in the fairfield citizen. the war of 1812 - - sometimes known as the " second war of independence " - - began a mere 29 years after the revolutionary war was concluded. members of the daughters of the american revolution will participate in the town ' s festivities, which begin at 10 a. m. wednesday on the town hall green. according to the report in the citizen, dar member and president of connecticut society, u. s. daughters of 1812 betty oderwald will discuss fairfield ' s role in the war., a building erected by fairfield farmers in 1814 to store ammunition to support the cause against the british. continental army at putnam park camp reading, now known as putnam park in bethel,. the troops, under the direction of gen. israel putnam, were encamped on the northern border of redding throughout that harsh winter. battle - weary and ill - supplied, the troops were doing so poorly that gen. george washington himself felt


,. the troops, under the direction of gen. israel putnam, were encamped on the northern border of redding throughout that harsh winter. battle - weary and ill - supplied, the troops were doing so poorly that gen. george washington himself felt it was his responsibility to right the situation. the commander of the continental army personally urged that the connecticut troops be furnished with shirts, stockings, and shoes. the battle of ridgefield near the start of the revolutionary war, ridgefield ' s keeler ' s tavern served as a hub for patriots to discuss the moves of the british army. on april 27, 1777, talk among neighbors became reality when british major general tryon with 1, 500 troops, a cavalry group, 300 loyal colonials, and a six - piece artillery unit attempted to keep patriots at bay patriot general david wooster and 700 soldiers camped in bethel forced tryon to head south toward ridgefield, where troops under the direction of general benedict arnold and general gold selleck silliman were waiting. barricades were erected in ridgefield as wooster attacked the british from the rear. tryon overran the patriot troops in ridgefield and burned the town, but not before arnold displayed legendary heroics - - escaping after taking nine musket balls. though the patriots lost, the battle slowed the british, who never fought in connecticut again, angela liptak, associate director of the keeler tavern museum,. washington stops in westport it was known as west parish during george washington ' s time - - a conglomerate of parts of westport, fairfield, and norwalk - -. after he crossed the saugatuck river on horseback, washington met with local minister rev. hezekiah ripley of the west parish meetinghouse ( now known as green ' s farms congregational church ). the men enjoyed a walk together talked about rebellion before washington headed north. before leaving, washington supposedly remarked that the meetinghouse was a " comely little church. " war veterans buried in monroe stepney cemetery, located in monroe ' s stepney village,. thirty - one of the tombstones belong to civil war veterans, six to men who fought during the war of 1812, and five to soldiers of the revolutionary war. the village will mark the 150th anniversary of the civil war in september with a special ceremony on stepney green. the service will include reading the names of all the civil war veterans. east haven houses encampment of gen. lafayette on the east haven town green is a memorial dedicated to continental army general marquis