readwritethink couldn ' t publish all of this great content without literacy experts to write and review for us. if you ' ve got lessons plans, activities, or other ideas you ' d like to contribute, we ' d love to hear from you. find the latest in professional publications, learn new techniques and strategies, and find out how you can connect with other literacy professionals. teacher resources by grade | 1st - 2nd | | 3rd - 4th | | 5th - 6th | | 7th - 8th | | 9th - 10th | | 11th - 12th | using web - based bookmarks to conduct internet research | grades | | 2 – 3 | | lesson plan type | | standard lesson | | estimated time | | three 30 - to 40 - minute sessions | internet research can be an overwhelming endeavor for primary students! using web - based bookmarks to guide students to appropriate sites can make their research more productive and focused, while still providing them with valuable learning experiences in media literacy. in this lesson, students first listen and respond to a read - aloud of the important book by margaret wise brown, and then use the structure of her writing to write poems describing important things about themselves. students then do research on a content area topic ( in this case, butterflies ) by visiting websites accessed through ikeepbookmarks. com, a free site that teachers can use to create collections of bookmarks. students use the facts gathered in their research to compose an original poem on the topic, again following the structure of the important book. - the important book by margaret wise brown ( harpertrophy, 1990 ) forbes, l. s. ( 2004 ). using web - based bookmarks in k8 settings : linking the internet to instruction. the reading teacher, 58 ( 2 ), 148153. - there are multiple types of literacy, including internet content literacy, which require students to be efficient at decoding, analyzing, evaluating, and synthesizing text they read on the web. - web - based bookmarking, the process of creating a list of favorites or bookmarks and storing them on the web, allows teachers to effectively link the internet to instruction. - web - based bookmarking allows students to quickly and easily access internet content from a variety of genres, sources, and content areas, while also increasing time on task. - because the teacher previews all links before exposing them to students, safety on the internet is improved. - web - based bookmarking allows access to virtual learning for all students no matter what developmental level or learning needs


new discovery affirms rtb model predictions even though i ’ m a budget - hotel kinda guy, occasionally i splurge and stay in a really nice place. it ’ s fun to get a chance to experience firsthand how the “ other half ” lives. a recent study of some of the microbes found in lake matano ( indonesia ), the world ’ s eighth deepest lake, provides biologists and geologists a first - hand look at how the earliest life on earth lived. this new insight provides more evidence for rtb ’ s origin - of - life model. rtb and evolutionary origin - of - life models one of the key points of difference between the rtb and evolutionary models centers on the timing of life ’ s first appearance on earth. the rtb scientific creation model, based on genesis 1 : 2 and deuteronomy 32 : 9 - 12, predicts that life should appear early in earth ’ s history and that the first life - forms should be inherently complex. evolutionary origin - of - life models, on the other hand, require a long percolation time, perhaps up to one billion years, before life can emerge from a primordial soup. these naturalistic scenarios also predict that the first life - forms should be relatively simple. the scientific evidence as described in origins of life, geochemical evidence already indicates that life was present remarkably early in earth ’ s history, possibly as far back as 3. 8 + billion years ago. ( prior to this time, life would have been impossible on earth, since the planet ’ s conditions were “ hellish ” and unsuitable for life. ) some origin - of - life researchers, however, question the authenticity of these geochemical finds. they maintain that these markers for early life are actually artifacts produced by inorganic processes. banded iron formation one potential biomarker under question is banded iron formations ( bifs ). these unusual iron ore deposits are found in sedimentary rocks dated older than 1. 8 billion years in age. bifs are most abundant between 1. 8 and 2. 5 billion years ago, but also exist in rock formations as old as about 3. 8 billion years in age. bifs consist of alternating layers of chert ( silica ) and the minerals hematite ( fe2o3 ) and magnetite ( fe3o4 ). deposits of this type don ’ t form today. geologists believe that bifs formed at a time in earth ’ s history when high levels of dissolved iron ( fe2 + ) and


earth. the work of the biologists and geologists on lake matano weighs in here. these scientists have just discovered anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria in lake matano that can oxidize fe2 +. this lake closely compares to the most likely conditions for the oceans on early earth. if photosynthetic bacteria can convert fe2 + to fe3 + in lake matano, it makes it even more likely that bifs that date to 3. 8 billion years in age are biogenic products generated by bacteria that engage in anoxygenic photosynthesis. bifs, along with other biomarkers, collectively indicate that life originated early in earth ’ s history as soon as our planet could sustain life. the microbes that generated bifs must have been metabolically complex, given what we know about the anoxygenic microbes that are capable of phototropically oxidizing fe2 + in lake matano. this new insight adds further support for the rtb origins - of - life model and, at the same time, makes little sense within an evolutionary framework. the sudden appearance of metabolically complex life on earth comports well with the notion that a creator intervened to bring about the creation of the first life - forms on earth. the accommodations in the archean oceans for the earliest life on earth may not meet the four - star quality that many people expect when they stay in a high - end hotel, but it appears to have suited these organisms just fine.


latitude and rain dictated where species lived more than 200 million years ago, mammals and reptiles lived in their own separate worlds on the supercontinent pangaea, despite little geographical incentive to do so. mammals lived in areas of twice - yearly seasonal rainfall ; reptiles stayed in areas where rains came just once a year. mammals lose more water when they excrete, and thus need water - rich environments to survive. results are published in the proceedings of the national academy of sciences. aggregating nearly the entire landmass of earth, pangaea was a continent the likes our planet has not seen for the last 200 million years. its size meant there was a lot of space for animals to roam, for there were few geographical barriers, such as mountains or ice caps, to contain them. yet, strangely, animals confined themselves. studying a transect of pangaea stretching from about three degrees south to 26 degrees north ( a long swath in the center of the continent covering tropical and semiarid temperate zones ), a team of scientists led by jessica whiteside at brown university has determined that reptiles, represented by a species called procolophonids, lived in one area, while mammals, represented by a precursor species called traversodont cynodonts, lived in another. though similar in many ways, their paths evidently did not cross. “ we ’ re answering a question that goes back to darwin ’ s time, ” said whiteside, assistant professor of geological sciences at brown, who studies ancient climates. “ what controls where organisms live? the two main constraints are geography and climate. ” turning to climate, the frequency of rainfall along lines of latitude directly influenced where animals lived, the scientists write in a paper published this week in the online early edition of the proceedings of the national academy of sciences. in the tropical zone where the mammal - relative traversodont cynodonts lived, monsoon - like rains fell twice a year. but farther north on pangaea, in the temperate regions where the procolophonids predominated, major rains occurred only once a year. it was the difference in the precipitation, the researchers conclude, that sorted the mammals ’ range from that of the reptiles. the scientists focused on an important physiological difference between the two : how they excrete. mammals lose water when they excrete and need to replenish what they lose. reptiles ( and birds ) get rid of bodily waste in the form of uric acid in a solid or semisolid form that contains very little water


composite image shows superbubble in the large magellanic cloud april flowers for redorbit. com – your universe online nasa has released a hauntingly beautiful composite image showing a superbubble in the large magellanic cloud ( lmc ). the lmc is a small satellite galaxy of the milky way located about 160, 000 light years from earth. a superbubble is a cavity, filled with 106 kelvin gas blown into the interstellar medium by multiple supernovae and stellar winds, hundreds of light years across. these cavities are carved out of the surrounding gas by the shockwaves and winds from supernova explosions. many new stars, some of them very massive, are forming in the star cluster ngc 1929, which is embedded in the nebula n44, so named because it is the 44th nebula in a catalog of such objects in the magellanic clouds. the massive stars produce intense radiation, expel matter at high speeds and race through their evolution to explode as supernovas. in the image, x - rays from nasa ’ s chandra x - ray observatory ( blue ) show hot regions created by those winds and shockwaves. infrared data from nasa ’ s spitzer space telescope ( red ) outline where the dust and cooler gas are found. optical light from the 2. 2 meter max - planck - eso telescope ( yellow ) in chile shows where ultraviolet radiation from hot, young stars is causing gas in the nebula to glow. a long - running problem in high - energy astrophysics has been that some superbubbles in the lmc, including n44, give off a lot more x - rays than expected from models of their structure, which assume that hot, x - ray emitting gas has been produced by winds from massive stars and the remains of several supernovas. another chandra study from 2011 showed that there are two extra sources of n44 ′ s x - ray emission not included in these models : supernova shockwaves striking the walls of the cavities, and hot material evaporating from the cavity walls. chandra also showed no evidence for the enhancement of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium in the cavities, ruling out the possibility as an explanation for the bright x - ray emission. only by making full use of chandra ’ s capabilities has it become possible to distinguish between different sources of x - rays produced by superbubbles. the chandra study of n44 and another superbubble in the lmc was led by anne jaskot from the university of michigan in


herbicide resistant gm corn is grown in the united states. a variation of herbicide resistant gm corn was approved for import into the european union in 2004. such imports remain highly controversial ( the independent, 2005 ). expressing the toxin was achieved by inserting a gene from the lepidoptera pathogen microorganism bacillus thuringiensis into the corn genome. this gene codes for a toxin that causes the formation of pores in the larval digestive tract. these pores allow naturally occurring enteric bacteria such as e. coli and enterobacter to enter the hemocoel where they multiply and cause sepsis. ( broderick et al, pnas 2006 ) this is contrary to the common misconception that bt toxin kills the larvae by starvation. in 2001, bt176 varieties were voluntarily withdrawn from the list of approved varieties by the united states environmental protection agency when it was found to have little or no bt expression in the ears and was not found to be effective against second generation corn borers. ( current status of bt corn hybrids, 2005 ) in 2001 the scientific journal the proceedings of the national academy of sciences published six comprehensive studies that showed that bt corn pollen does not pose a risk to monarch populations for the following reasons : ( sears, et al., 2001 ) monarch populations in the usa during 1999 increased by 30 %, despite bt corn accounting for 30 % of all corn grown in the usa that year. the beneficial effects of bt corn on monarch populations can be attributed to reduced pesticide use. ( trewavas and leaver, 2001 ). numerous scientific studies continue to investigate the potential effects of bt corn on a variety of nontarget invertebrates. a synthesis of data from many such field studies ( marvier et al. 2007 ) found that the measured effect depends on the standard of comparison. the overall abundance of nontarget invertebrates in cry1ab variety bt corn fields is significantly higher compared to non - gm corn fields treated with insecticides, but significantly lower compared to insecticide - free non - gm corn fields. abundance in fields of another variety, cry3bb corn, is not significantly different compared to non - gm corn fields either with or without insecticides. bees have been observed to forage on cracked corn kernels. this has not contributed to colony collapse disorder. by law, farmers in the united states who plant bt corn must plant non - bt corn nearby. these non - modified fields are to provide a location to harbor pests. the theory behind these refuges is


has not contributed to colony collapse disorder. by law, farmers in the united states who plant bt corn must plant non - bt corn nearby. these non - modified fields are to provide a location to harbor pests. the theory behind these refuges is to slow the evolution of the pests to the bt pesticide. doing so enables an area of the landscape where wild type pests will not be immediately killed. it is anticipated that resistance to bt will evolve in the form of a recessive allele in the pest. because of this, a pest that gains resistance will have an incredibly higher fitness than the wild type pest in the bt corn fields. if the resistant pest is feeding in the non - bt corn nearby, the resistance is neutral and offers no advantage to the pest over any non resistant pest. ensuring that there are at least some breeding pests nearby that are not resistant, increases the chance that resistant pests will choose to mate with a nonresistant one. since the gene is recessive, all offspring will be heterozygous, and the offspring from that mating will not be resistant to bt and therefore no longer a threat. using this method scientists and farmers hope to keep the number of resistant genes very low, and utilize genetic drift to insure that any resistance that does emerge does not spread. the non - bt pesticide status of the refuges is being compromised by wind - born pollen drifting into the non - bt corn fields. corn harvested from the supposed bt - free zones has shown traces of bt toxin. the levels found in the non - bt corn decreases with distance from the bt - corn fields indicating that the pollen is wind - borne rather than another method of transfer. the concentrations in the refuge fields were found to be low - to - moderate. possible solutions to the cross - pollination problem are to plant a wider refuge field or plant varieties of corn that bloom at different times than the bt fields do. ( chilcutt & tabashnik, 2004 ) u. s. regulatory authorities permitted the commercial sale of starlink seed with the stipulation that crops produced must not be used for human consumption. this restriction was based on the possibility that a small number of people might develop an allergic reaction to the bt protein used in starlink that is less rapidly digested than the version used in other bt varieties. starlink corn was subsequently found in food destined for consumption by humans. an episode involving taco bell taco shells was particularly well publicized. this led to a public relations disaster for ave


less rapidly digested than the version used in other bt varieties. starlink corn was subsequently found in food destined for consumption by humans. an episode involving taco bell taco shells was particularly well publicized. this led to a public relations disaster for aventis and the biotechnology industry as a whole. sales of starlink seed were discontinued. the registration for starlink varieties was voluntarily withdrawn by aventis in october 2000. 28 people reported apparent allergic reactions related to eating corn products that may have contained the starlink protein. however, the us centers for disease control studied the blood of these individuals and concluded there was no evidence that the reactions people experienced were associated with hypersensitivity to the starlink bt protein. aid sent by the un and the us to central african nations also contained some starlink corn. the nations involved refused to accept the aid. the southern portion of the u. s. corn belt planted the greatest amount of starlink corn. it is this portion of the u. s. where corn borer damage creates the greatest economic loss to farmers. the us corn supply has been monitored for the presence of the starlink bt proteins since 2001. no positive samples have been found since 2004, showing that it was possible to withdraw this gm crop without leaving traces in the environment once it has been used in the field the persistence of nonresistance : nonresistance is a type of pacifism that appreciates the role of the state in punishing evil, says levi miller. the following is from a recent article apr 07, 2003 ; christians from various traditions hold to a type of pacifist christianity called " nonresistance. " because their opposition to...


any of one to three species ( genus globicephala, family delphinidae ) of toothed whale found in all oceans except the arctic and antarctic, also called caa ' ing whale for a roaring sound it makes when stranded. it is black, usually with a lighter splash on the throat and chest, and has a round, bulging forehead, a short beaklike snout, and slender, pointed flippers, and grows to 13 – 20 ft ( 4 – 6 m ) long. pilot whales live in large schools, sometimes hundreds or thousands, feeding mainly on squid. they have been kept in oceanariums and trained to perform. learn more about pilot whale with a free trial on britannica. com. widely distributed species ( naucrates ductor, family carangidae ) of carnivorous fish that inhabits warm and tropical open seas. it is slender and has a forked tail, a lengthwise keel on each side of the tail base, and a few small spines in front of the dorsal and anal fins. it may grow to 2 ft ( 60 cm ) but is usually about 14 in. ( 35 cm ) long. five to seven distinctive vertical dark bands mark the bluish body. pilot fishes follow sharks and ships, apparently to feed on parasites and leftover scraps. it was formerly thought that they were leading, or “ piloting, ” the larger fishes to food. learn more about pilot fish with a free trial on britannica. com.


wildflowers of the everglades | butterwort flower is featured in the everglades, december 21, 2012. ( tim chapman / miami herald / mct ) | they ' re so easy to miss in a landscape almost monotonously green. but for naturalist roger hammer, it ' s the small, scattered drops of color that stand out among the slash pines and saw palmetto. wildflowers. the vast everglades is home to hundreds of them. some are spectacular but most are small and subtle. some are fragrant, others poisonous. with the exception of a few big names - notably, the rare ghost orchid made famous in a best - selling book - many are largely unknown and unnoticed, at least outside a small group of scientists, enthusiasts and, unfortunately, poachers. " the average person driving by has no idea of what is out here, " said hammer, as he hiked the northeastern corners of the big cypress national preserve in an ongoing quest to find and photograph an exceptionally scarce yellow bloom called the fakahatchee burmania. if hammer - a longtime miami - dade county parks naturalist and one of florida ' s foremost authorities on native plants - hasn ' t seen an everglades wildflower, then few other people in the world have. hammer, author of the 2002 field guide " everglades wildflowers, " has spent more than four decades walking, slogging and paddling across south florida to document the region ' s stunning array of wildflowers, many hidden in isolated mangrove jungles, steamy swamps and dense forests. over the past three months, he has begun retracing often - arduous treks to complete a publisher - requested update that will include new, crisper digital photos of every wildflower and, he expects, add 30 to 40 new species to the more than 300 in the original guide. it ' s no secret that many and varied ecosystems of the everglades serve as a hot house for rare and beautiful plants. for decades, collectors pilfered rare orchids, bromeliads and ferns from the swamps and sloughs of south florida, lands ostensibly under state or federal protection. susan orleans ' 2000 bestseller, " the orchid thief, " about obsessive collectors hunting the rare ghost orchid in the verdant fakahatchee strand, brought the black market to public light and, by hammer ' s assessment, at least helped curb poaching of the state ' s botanical riches. florida boasts far more


hunting the rare ghost orchid in the verdant fakahatchee strand, brought the black market to public light and, by hammer ' s assessment, at least helped curb poaching of the state ' s botanical riches. florida boasts far more orchids than any other state, with some 108 species known to exist. hammer, who was an expert source for orleans and a non - poaching character in her book, was the first to discover two of those jewels growing in south florida. but those delicate flowers are only part of the scenery. they are far outnumbered by hundreds of other wildflowers, many also beautiful or fascinating - particularly if you know what you are looking at. on a trail through the pine flat woods of the big cypress ' bear island section, more than 20 miles north of tamiami trail, he pointed to a yellow daisy - like bloom, the tickseed. despite its unappealing name, derived from the fact that its seeds resemble the odious insects, it ' s the state ' s official wildflower. who knew florida even had one? further down the trail, he stopped at a common wildflower, the wild pennyroyal - a weedy - looking scrub topped by pea - sized cones of faint lavender flowers. when he crushed the needlelike leaves, which resemble fresh rosemary sprigs, the air filled with sweet scent. " take a whiff of this, " he said. " it makes a nice tea. " at the still - moist edge of a depression marsh drying down after a long rainy season, hammer stooped over a plant perhaps 6 inches tall with purple petals. the small butterwort seemed rather unremarkable until hammer explained the meaning of its latin name, pinguicula pumila. the first word means " fat " as in the meaty kind, describing the greasy coating on the leaves of this carnivorous plant, a secretion that traps then digests insects. another dainty lavender - hued flower, the glades lobelia, sprouted only a few paces away. it was another kind of killer, producing a toxic narcotic sap that has medicinal uses. - these adventures beyond the norm - looking forward to more memorable adventures - classic chassis - state looks to expand registration laws - wildflowers of the everglades - new york show gets juices flowing - start planning now for summer - on vacation, a mind is a terrible thing to worry - grammy museum takes charge of music history


thanks to improved safety in south africa ’ s mining industry, fatalities are at a monthly low. mines minister susan shabangu reported three deaths in april, compared to a monthly average of 11 or more. " there has been a significant improvement on health and safety since the department intensified enforcement measures at the mines, " shabangu said in a speech to the national council of provinces dated 3 may, which was obtained by reuters on monday. " in fact, the month of april 2012 has recorded the lowest fatalities ever, of three deaths, when compared with other historical figures, which were generally more than 11 deaths per month, " she said. this year to date, 39 people have lost their lives in south african mines compared with 42 in the same period in 2011, while the number of mine injuries fell 35 percent to 668, shabangu said in the speech. deepest and some of most dangerous south africa ' s mines are the world ' s deepest and among the most dangerous, and shabangu ' s ministry has been leading a drive that has included a surge in inspections, and stoppages for safety violations. south africa ' s mining output fell sharply in volume terms in february, the latest month for which data is available, highlighting the impact of the safety push. production of platinum group metals ( pgms ) fell 47. 6 percent while gold output fell 11. 5 percent in volume terms in february. total mineral production was down 14. 5 percent compared with the same month last year.


java swing tutorials - here you will find many java swing examples with running source code. source code provide here are fully tested and you can use it in your program. java swing tutorials first gives you brief description of swing and then many example are provided. swing is mostly used for the development of desktop application. after learning awt, lets now see what ' s swing? well, swing is important to develop java programs with a graphical user interface ( gui ). java 2d api programming has become more interactive with java 2d api. you can add images, figures, animation to your gui and even pass visual information with the help of java 2d api. swing supports data transfer through drag and drop, copy, paste, cut etc. data transfer works between swing components within an application and between java and native applications swing in java also supports the feature of internationalization. the developers can build applications by which the users can interact worldwide in different languages. to translate a text in to a particular language is know as localization. it is a process by which we can change a text to a different language and also we can add some locale - specific components. what is java swing? here, you will know about the java swing. the java swing provides the multiple platform independent apis interfaces for interacting between the users and guis components. jtable : the jtabel component is more flexible java swing component that allows the user to store, show and edit the data in tabular format. it is a user - interface component that represents the data of two - dimensional tabular format. the java swing implements tables by using the jtable class and a subclass of jcomponent. tool tips on cells in a jtable this section tells you, how to set the tool tips in the cells in a jtable component. so, you will be able to know about the tool tips. the tool tips are most common graphical user interface row, column and cell selections in a jtable in this section, we are going to describe how to enable the row, column and cell selections in a jtable component. but, what is the term ' enable '? a scrollable jtable in this java programming section, you will learn how to create a scrollable jtable component. when any table has large volume of data, the use of scrollbar is applied in the jtable. a jtable component in this section you will learn about the packing of a jtable by adjusting it in the center. grid line in jtable in the earlier section you


volume of data, the use of scrollbar is applied in the jtable. a jtable component in this section you will learn about the packing of a jtable by adjusting it in the center. grid line in jtable in the earlier section you have learnt for creating a simple jtable that contains predefined grid line with black color. but in this java programming tutorial, you will learn how to set the colored grid line in jtable component. margin between cells in a jtable in this section, you will learn how to set the margin ( gap ) between cells in a jtable component. here we are providing you an example with code that arranges the column margin ( horizontal space ) and row margin ( vertical space ). user edits in a jtable component till now you have got the edit facilities in all jtable in every previous sections but now you will learn a jtable program in which editing facility is not available. a table model between jtable components in this section, you will learn how to share a table model between jtable components. whenever, you want to do for sharing the resources between the jtable components, a table model will essential. using java swing in this section, you will learn how to print in java swing. the printable that is passed to setprintable must have a print method that describes how to send drawing to the printer. add area of two figures this section illustrates you how to add area of two specified figures in graphics. subtract area between two figures this section illustrates you how to subtract the area between the two figures in graphics. show intersection between the area of two shapes intersection means ' the common part '. classes rectangle2d and ellipse2d are provided by the package java. awt. geom. *. these classes provides the shapes rectangle and oval respectively. show the exclusive or between the area of two shapes in this section, we are going to implements of exclusive or in graphics. exclusive or is a boolean operator also known as xor shows here the uncommon part between the two areas. another example of gradient paint a gradient is like a colored strip. it is created by specifying a color at one point and another color at another point. then the colors will starts changes gradually from one to the other along a straight line between the two points. writing calculator program in swing in this tutorial we are providing you an example which illustrates you how to a create calculator in swing with the source code and screen


gradually from one to the other along a straight line between the two points. writing calculator program in swing in this tutorial we are providing you an example which illustrates you how to a create calculator in swing with the source code and screen shot. jtree : the tree is a special type of graph that designed for displaying data with the hierarchical properties by adding nodes to nodes and keeps the concept of parent and child node. creating a jtree component in this section, you will learn about the jtree and its components as well as how to create an jtree component. here, first of all we are going to describe about the jtree and its component. adding a node to the jtree component in this section, you will learn how to add or insert a new node to the jtree component. the tree has root node and child of rood node. sometimes, you need to insert the node, you must be insert your node to the jtree component. removing a node from the jtree component in this section, you will learn how to remove a node from the jtree component. removing a node from jtree it means delete a node from the jtree component to individually and delete the root node directly. enable and disable multiple selections in a jtree component in this section, you will learn how to enable and disable the multiple selections in a jtree component. the multiple selections in tree component that means user will allow or disallow the permission for selection the more than one tree component at a time. displaying hierarchical data in jtree in this section, you will learn to display the hierarchical data in jtree. when you select the hierarchical data it is also displayed on the command prompt. displaying system files in jtree in this section, you will learn to create a jtree that displays system files. the java. util. properties package represents a persistent set of properties for displaying the system files in a tree. jtree actionlistener example in this section, you will learn about jtree action listener and its implementations. in this section, you will learn to make jtree editable nodes. for example.. if you want to edit the name of a tree node then the following program will help you a lot. adding horizontal lines to group in this section, you will learn to create a horizontal tree in java.. adding line to in this section, you will learn how to create jtree with line that means the tree are divides into two parts and separate by a line. both trees


in this section, you will learn to create a horizontal tree in java.. adding line to in this section, you will learn how to create jtree with line that means the tree are divides into two parts and separate by a line. both trees has same root and nodes. a jscrollpane provides a scrollable property for viewing components to scroll it. removing horizontal lines to node groups in this section, you will learn to create none type tree in java. none type tree means that children nodes are not connected to their parent node create jtree using an in this section you will learn to create a jtree using object that works with hashtable. jtree open icon in this section, you will learn to open an icon in jtree. that means when you click any node of a tree, icon will be displayed on the frame. in this section, you will read about traversal of a tree and its node. teaches, displaying the node and its path on the command prompt. the javax. swing. jtree class is a powerful swing component to display data in a tree structure. hiding root node in in this section, you will learn to hide the root node of a jtree. retrieving jtree structure from database jtree is used for viewing data in a list. lists are good for displaying simple lists of information from which the user can make single or multiple selections. in list you can hide different levels of data in the tree, including the root, allowing the display to collapse and expand various parts of the tree. to convert the temperature, we have created two textfield for fahrenheit value and celsius value. a button is created to perform an action. how to handle the text using key listener interface in this section, you will learn how to handle the text using the key events on the java awt component. all the key events are handled through the keylistener interface. create multiple buttons using java swing in this section, you will learn how to create multiple buttons labeled with the letters from a to z respectively. add edit and delete employee information using swing in this section, you will learn how to add, edit and delete the employee ' s information from the database using java swing. get jtextfield value from another class in this section, you will learn how to get the textfield value from other class. set color in joptionpane in this section, you will learn how to set color in joptionpane. set delay time in joptionpane


biblical commentary on the old testament, by carl friedrich keil and franz delitzsh, [ 1857 - 78 ], at sacred - texts. com abolition of usury - nehemiah ' s unselfishness - nehemiah 5 the events related in this and the following chapter also occurred during the building of the wall. zealously as the rulers and richer members of the community, following the example of nehemiah, were carrying on this great undertaking by all the means in their power, the work could not fail to be a heavy burden to the poorer classes, who found it very difficult to maintain their families in these expensive times, especially since they were still oppressed by wealthy usurers. hence great discontent arose, which soon vented itself in loud complaints. those who had no property demanded corn for the support of their numerous families ( neh 5 : 2 ) ; others had been obliged to pledge their fields and vineyards, some to procure corn for their hunger, some to be able to pay the king ' s tribute ; and these complained that they must now give their sons and daughters to bondage ( neh 5 : 3 - 5 ). when these complaints came to the ears of nehemiah, he was angry with the rulers ; and calling an assembly, he set before them the great injustice of usury, and called upon them to renounce it, to restore to their brethren their mortgaged lands, and to give them what they had borrowed ( neh 5 : 6 - 11 ). his address made the impression desired. the noble and wealthy resolved to perform what was required ; whereupon nehemiah caused them to take a solemn oath to this effect, indicating by a symbolical act that the heavy wrath of god would fall upon all who should fail to act according to their promise. to this the assembly expressed their amen, and the people carried out the resolution ( neh 5 : 12, neh 5 : 13 ). nehemiah then declared with what unselfishness he had exercised his office of governor, for the sake of lightening the heavy burden laid upon the people ( neh 5 : 14 - 19 ). the people complain of oppression. - neh 5 : 1 there arose a great cry of the people and of their wives against their brethren the jews, i. e., as appears from what follows ( neh 5 : 7 ), against the nobles and rulers, therefore against the richer members of the community. this cry is more particularly stated in neh


their wives against their brethren the jews, i. e., as appears from what follows ( neh 5 : 7 ), against the nobles and rulers, therefore against the richer members of the community. this cry is more particularly stated in neh 5 : 2, where the malcontents are divided into three classes by ויש, neh 5 : 2, neh 5 : 3, neh 5 : 4. there were some who said : our sons and our daughters are many, and we desire to receive corn, that we may eat and live. these were the words of those workers who had no property. נקחה ( from לקח ), not to take by force, but only to desire that corn may be provided. others, who were indeed possessed of fields, vineyards, and houses, had been obliged to mortgage them, and could now reap nothing from them. ערב, to give as a pledge, to mortgage. the use of the participle denotes the continuance of the transaction, and is not to be rendered, we must mortgage our fields to procure corn ; but, we have been obliged to mortgage them, and we desire to receive corn for our hunger, because of the dearth. for ( 1 ) the context shows that the act of mortgaging had already taken place, and was still continuing in force ( we have been obliged to pledge them, and they are still pledged ) ; and ( 2 ) נקחה must not be taken here in a different sense from neh 5 : 2, but means, we desire that corn may be furnished us, because of the dearth ; not, that we may not be obliged to mortgage our lands, but because they are already mortgaged. ברעב, too, does not necessarily presuppose a scarcity in consequence of a failure of crops or other circumstances, but only declares that they who had been obliged to pledge their fields were suffering from hunger. others, again, complained : we have borrowed money for the king ' s tribute upon our fields and vineyards. לוה means to be dependent, nexum esse, and transitively to make dependent, like מלא, to be full, and to make full : we have made our fields and our vineyards answerable for money for the king ' s tribute ( bertheau ), i. e., we have borrowed money upon our fields for... this they could only do by pledging the


full : we have made our fields and our vineyards answerable for money for the king ' s tribute ( bertheau ), i. e., we have borrowed money upon our fields for... this they could only do by pledging the crops of these lands, or at least such a portion of their crops as might equal the sum borrowed ; comp. the law, lev 25 : 14 - 17. " and now our flesh is as the flesh of our brethren, and our sons as their sons ; and lo, we are obliged to bring our sons and our daughters into bondage, and some of our daughters are already brought into bondage ; and we have no power to alter this, and our fields and vineyards belong to others. " " our brethren " are the richer jews who had lent money upon pledges, and בניהם are their sons. the sense of the first half of the verse is : we are of one flesh and blood with these rich men, i. e., as ramb. already correctly explains it : non sumus deterioris conditionis quam tribules nostri divites, nec tamen nostrae inopiae ex lege divina deu 15 : 7, deu 15 : 8, subvenitur, nisi maximo cum foenore. the law not only allowed to lend to the poor on a pledge ( deu 15 : 8 ), but also permitted israelites, if they were poor, to sell themselves ( lev 25 : 39 ), and also their sons and daughters, to procure money. it required, however, that they who were thus sold should not be retained as slaves, but set at liberty without ransom, either after seven years or at the year of jubilee ( lev 25 : 39 - 41 ; exo 22 : 2. ). it is set forth as a special hardship in this verse that some of their daughters were brought into bondage for maid - servants. ידנו לאל אין, literally, our hand is not to god, i. e., the power to alter it is not in our hand ; on this figure of speech, comp. gen 31 : 29. the last clause gives the reason : our fields and our vineyards belonging to others, what they yield does not come to us, and we are not in a position to be able to put an end to the sad necessity of selling our daughters for servants. the abolition of usury. -


our fields and our vineyards belonging to others, what they yield does not come to us, and we are not in a position to be able to put an end to the sad necessity of selling our daughters for servants. the abolition of usury. - neh 5 : 6 nehemiah was very angry at this complaint and these things, i. e., the injustice which had been brought to his knowledge. " and my heart took counsel upon it ( ימלך according to the chaldee use of מלך, dan 4 : 24 ), and i contended with the nobles and rulers, and said to them, ye exact usury every one of his brother. " ב נשא means to lend to any one, and משא, also משאה, deu 24 : 10 ; pro 22 : 26, and mashe ', is the thing lent, the loan, what one borrows from or lends to another. consequently משא נשא is to lend some one a loan ; comp. deu 24 : 10. this does not seem to suit this verse. for nehemiah cannot reproach the nobles for lending loans, when he and his servants had, according to neh 5 : 10, done so likewise. hence the injustice of the transaction which he rebukes must be expressed in the emphatic precedence given to משא. bertheau accordingly regards משא not as the accusative of the object, but as an independent secondary accusative in the sense of : for the sake of demanding a pledge, ye lend. but this rendering can be neither grammatically nor lexically justified. in the first respect it is opposed by משאה השא, deu 24 : 10, which shows that משא in conjunction with נשא is the accusative of the object ; in the other, by the constant use of משא in all passages in which it occurs to express a loan, not a demand for a pledge. from exo 22 : 24, where it is said, " if thou lend money ( תלוה ) to the poor, thou shalt not be to him כנשה, shalt not lay upon him usury, " it is evident that נשה is one who lends money on usury, or carries on the business of a money - lender. this evil secondary meaning of the word is here strongly marked by the emphatic


him usury, " it is evident that נשה is one who lends money on usury, or carries on the business of a money - lender. this evil secondary meaning of the word is here strongly marked by the emphatic praeposition of משא ; hence nehemiah is speaking of those who practise usury. " and i appointed a great assembly on their account, " to put a stop to the usury and injustice by a public discussion of the matter. עליהם, not against them ( the usurers ), but on their account. in this assembly he reproached them with the injustice of their behaviour. " we " ( said he ) " have, after our ability, redeemed our brethren the jews which were sold unto the heathen ; yet ye would sell your brethren, and they are to be sold to us. " we ( i. e., nehemiah and the jews living in exile, who were like - minded with him ) have bought, in contrast to ye sell. they had redeemed their jewish brethren who were sold to the heathen. בנו כדי for בנו אשר כדי, i. e., not according to the full number of those who were among us, meaning as often as a sale of this kind occurred ( bertheau ) ; for די does not mean completeness, multitude, but only sufficiency, supply, adequacy of means ( lev 25 : 26 ) ; hence בנו כדי is : according to the means that we had : secundum sufficientiam vel facultatem, quae in nobis est ( ramb. ), or secundum possibilitatem nostram ( vulg. ). the contrast is still more strongly expressed by the placing of גם before אתם, so that וגם acquires the meaning of nevertheless ( ewald, 354, a ). the sale of their brethren for bond - servants was forbidden by the law, lev 25 : 42. the usurers had nothing to answer to this reproach. " they held their peace, and found no word, " sc. in justification of their proceedings. nehemiah, moreover, continued ( ויאמר, the chethiv, is evidently a clerical error for ואמר, for the niphal ויאמר does not


sc. in justification of their proceedings. nehemiah, moreover, continued ( ויאמר, the chethiv, is evidently a clerical error for ואמר, for the niphal ויאמר does not suit ) : " the thing ye do is not good : ought ye not ( = ye surely ought ) to walk in the fear of our god, because of the reproach of the heathen our enemies? " i. e., we ought not, by harsh and unloving conduct towards our brethren, to give our enemies occasion to calumniate us. " i, likewise my brethren and my servants ( comp. neh 4 : 17 ), have lent them money and corn ; let us, i pray, remit ( not ask back ) this loan! " the participle נשים says : we are those who have lent. herewith he connects the invitation, neh 5 : 11 : " restore unto them, i pray you, even this day ( כהיום, about this day, i. e., even to - day, sa1 9 : 13 ), their fields, their vineyards, their olive gardens, and their houses, and the hundredth of the money, and of the corn, wine, and oil which you have lent them. " nehemiah requires, 1st, that those who held the lands of their poorer brethren in pledge should restore them their property without delay : 2nd, that they should remit to their debtors all interest owing on money, corn, etc. that had been lent ; not, as the words have been frequently understood, that they should give back to their debtors such interest as they had already received. that the words in neh 5 : 11 bear the former, and not the latter signification, is obvious from the reply, neh 5 : 12, of those addressed : " we will restore, sc. their lands, etc., and will not querie of them, sc. the hundredth ; so will we do as thou sayest. " hence we must not translate בהם נשים אתם אשר, " which you had taken from them as interest " ( de wette ), - a translation which, moreover, cannot be justified by the usage of the language, for ב נשה does not mean to take interest from another, to lend to another on interest. the אשר relates not to ו


wette ), - a translation which, moreover, cannot be justified by the usage of the language, for ב נשה does not mean to take interest from another, to lend to another on interest. the אשר relates not to ומאת, but to והיצהר... הדגן ; and השיב, to restore, to make good, is used of both the transactions in question, meaning in the first clause the restoration of the lands retained as pledges, and in the second, the remission ( the non - requirement ) of the hundredth. the hundredth taken as interest is probably, like the centesima of the romans, to be understood of a monthly payment. one per cent. per month was a very heavy interest, and one which, in the case of the poor, might be exorbitant. the law, moreover, forbade the taking of any usury from their brethren, their poor fellow - countrymen, exo 22 : 25 and lev 25 : 36. when the creditors had given the consent required, nehemiah called the priests, and made them ( the creditors ) swear to do according to this promise, i. e., conscientiously to adhere to their agreement. nehemiah obtained the attendance of the priests, partly for the purpose of giving solemnity to the oath now taken, and partly to give to the declaration made in the presence of the priests legal validity for judicial decisions. to make the agreement thus sworn to still more binding, nehemiah confirmed the proceeding by a symbolical action : also i shook my lap, and said, so may god shake out every man from his house, and from his labour, that performeth ( fulfilleth ) not this promise, and thus may he be shaken out and emptied. חצן means the lap of the garment, in which things are carried ( isa 49 : 22 ), where alone the word is again found. the symbolical action consisted in nehemiah ' s gathering up his garment as if for the purpose of carrying something, and then shaking it out with the words above stated, which declared the meaning of the act. the whole congregation said amen, and praised the lord, sc. for the success with which god had blessed his efforts to help the poor. and the people did according to this promise, i. e., the community acted in accordance with the agreement entered into. nehemiah ' s unselfish conduct.


for the success with which god had blessed his efforts to help the poor. and the people did according to this promise, i. e., the community acted in accordance with the agreement entered into. nehemiah ' s unselfish conduct. - the transaction above related gave nehemiah occasion to speak in his narrative of the unselfishness with which he had filled the office of governor, and of the personal sacrifices he had made for the good of his fellow - countrymen. the statement following is compared with the special occurrence preceding it by גם. as in this occurrence he had used his credit to do away with the oppression of the people by wealthy usurers, so also had he shown himself unselfish during his whole official career, and shunned no sacrifice by which he might lighten the burdens that lay upon his fellow - countrymen. " from the time that he appointed me to be their governor in the land of judah, from the twentieth year even unto the two - and - thirtieth year of artaxerxes the king, i and my servants have not eaten the bread of the governor. " the subject of צוה is left undefined, but is obviously king artaxerxes. פחם, their ( the jews ' ) governor. this he was from the twentieth ( comp. neh 2 : 1 ) to the thirty - second year of artaxerxes, in which, according to neh 13 : 6, he again visited the court of this monarch, returning after a short interval to jerusalem, to carry out still further the work he had there undertaken. " the bread of the pechah " is, according to neh 5 : 15, the food and wine with which the community had to furnish him. the meaning is : during this whole period i drew no allowances from the people. the former governors who had been before me in jerusalem - zerubbabel and his successors - had received allowances, העם על הכבידו, had burdened the people, and had taken of them ( their fellow - countrymen ) for bread and wine ( i. e., for the requirements of their table ), " afterwards in money forty shekels. " some difficulty is presented by the word אחר, which the lxx render by εσχατον, the vulgate quotidie. the meaning ultra, praeter, besides ( ew. 217


, and the men who came to us from the nations round about us, were at my table, " i. e., were my guests. the hundred and fifty rulers, comp. neh 2 : 16, were the heads of the different houses of judah collectively. these were always guests at nehemiah ' s table, as were also such jews as dwelt among the surrounding nations, when they came to jerusalem. " and that which was prepared for one ( i. e., a single ) day was one ox, six choice ( therefore fat ) sheep, and fowls ; they were prepared for me, i. e., at my expense, and once in ten days a quantity of wine of all kinds. " the meaning of the last clause seems to be, that the wine was furnished every ten days ; no certain quantity, however, is mentioned, but it is only designated in general terms as very great, להרבה. זה ועם, and with this, i. e., notwithstanding this, great expenditure, i did not require the bread of the pechah ( the allowance for the governor, comp. neh 5 : 14 ), for the service was heavy upon the people. העבדה is the service of building the walls of jerusalem. thus nehemiah, from compassion for his heavily burdened countrymen, resigned the allowance to which as governor he was entitled. " think upon me, my god, for good, all that i have done for this people. " compare the repetition of this desire, neh 13 : 14 and neh 13 : 31. על עשה in the sense of ל עשה, for the sake of this people, i. e., for them.


an alabama exhibition highlights historical love tokens so mysterious we still don ' t know whom they depict slide show in the 18th and 19th centuries, wealthy british and european lovers exchanged “ eye miniatures ” — love tokens so clandestine that even now, in the majority of cases, it is impossible to identify their recipients or the people they depict. experts believe that there are fewer than 1, 000 “ lover ’ s eyes ” in existence today. of that small surviving hoard, the largest single collection belongs to the skiers of birmingham, ala. david skier, an eye surgeon, and his wife, nan, have been collecting “ lover ’ s eyes ” for decades — and their collection will go on display for the first time ever at the birmingham museum of art next month. over the phone, curator dr. graham boettcher outlined the history and uses of these petite, jewel - like paintings. the accompanying slide show highlights some particularly splendid examples from an altogether remarkable collection. can you give us a brief history of these so - called “ lover ’ s eyes ”? according to lore, the story of lover ’ s eyes goes back to the end of the 18th century, when the prince of wales — who later became george iv — became smitten with a twice - widowed catholic woman named maria fitzherbert. he courted maria fitzherbert rather unsuccessfully at first ; he kept trying to win her affection and profess his undying love to her, and she wasn ’ t really going to have any of that. finally, he staged a kind of half - hearted suicide attempt ( i think it was more of a cry for help than an earnest effort to take his own life ) — and then she reluctantly agreed to marry him. but shortly thereafter — i think really the next day — she came to her senses and realized what exactly she had done by consenting to marry the prince of wales, which of course was totally illegal according to the laws ( first of all, the king had to consent to the marriage of the heir to the throne, and second, he would never have consented for the prince to marry a catholic, let alone a twice - widowed catholic six years his senior ). so fitzherbert fled to the continent, trying to escape george ’ s attention, but he didn ’ t give up. on nov. 3, 1785, the prince wrote to mrs. fitzherbert with a second proposal of marriage. instead of sending an engagement ring, as we might expect today, he sent her a picture of his own eye,


t give up. on nov. 3, 1785, the prince wrote to mrs. fitzherbert with a second proposal of marriage. instead of sending an engagement ring, as we might expect today, he sent her a picture of his own eye, set in a locket, painted by the miniaturist richard cosway, one of the celebrated artists of the day. at the time, they referred to these pieces as “ eye miniatures ” ; today we call them “ lover ’ s eyes, ” but that wasn ’ t a period term — that ’ s a term coined by the new york - based jeweler edith weber, who ’ s handled a lot of these over the years. anyway, george sent a note with this eye miniature, and it said : “ p. s. i send you a parcel, and i send you at the same time an eye. if you have not totally forgotten the whole countenance, i think the likeness will strike you. ” it ’ s not known whether it was the letter or the eye that changed mrs. fitzherbert ’ s feelings precisely, but shortly after that, she returned to england and married the prince in a secret ceremony on dec. 15, 1785. soon, the fad for these eye miniatures began to catch on — so this episode is, according to legend, the genesis of the eye miniature. there is some evidence to suggest that these had appeared in france a few years earlier, and that the brits were only adopting a french invention ; i think the jury ’ s still out. in any event, the love affair between the prince of wales and maria fitzherbert popularized these objects and spawned a fad that lasted well into the 1830s — and even later, past queen victoria, who was known to have commissioned a number of these objects during her reign. there are even artists to this very day who are painting lover ’ s eyes. one is the great - great - grandson of the famous philadelphia portraitist thomas sully ; he ’ s sent me a picture of a miniature he ’ s working on. rather than paint on elephant ivory, which of course wouldn ’ t be legal nowadays, he paints on mastodon ivory. he also points out that he usually has them commissioned by faithful spouses, not lovers or mistresses. the original idea was that, by only showing an eye, these miniatures would effectively conceal the identity of the person who was shown, right? this way, the miniatures could be worn or exhibited publicly? exactly. only someone with really


or mistresses. the original idea was that, by only showing an eye, these miniatures would effectively conceal the identity of the person who was shown, right? this way, the miniatures could be worn or exhibited publicly? exactly. only someone with really intimate acquaintance — a lover, a spouse, a close family member — would recognize an individual ’ s eye, so they could be worn in a more open way. they didn ’ t have to be encased inside of a locket. there are rare instances in which we do know the identity of the subject, because of an iron - clad provenance or documentation, but typically we can only tell if there ’ s an inscription. some of the eyes in the skier collection have inscriptions that reveal the identity of the sitter, but still, oftentimes these will be fairly generic ; it ’ ll just say the name of the individual — and if it ’ s a memorial piece, it might give the date they died and how old they were. through genealogical research, we ’ ve been able to discover the identity of certain people, but some of the names are a little too generic ; we ’ re only able to establish certain identity in a handful of cases — and i think that ’ s by design. that was really the intent of these things, to keep the identities secret. how did the skiers start collecting these objects? nan and david skier started collecting “ lover ’ s eyes ” about 20 years ago — and i think you ’ ll love this detail : david skier is a prominent opthamologist here in birmingham. so he ’ s someone who deals with eyes all day long. they came across their first lover ’ s eye at an antique show in boston, and were just utterly captivated by it. ( the first eye that they saw was a really exquisitely rendered one : quite early, from 1790, with a blue enamel surrounding — often associated with eyes that were commissioned by and for the nobility. it ’ s also encrusted with diamonds and pearls. ) for 20 years, the skiers have quietly built what is really thought by all who have been asked — all who would know — to be the largest collection of these materials in the world. larger than any institutional collection, certainly. larger than the collection of the queen herself. when the “ antiques roadshow ” came to birmingham, one of the appraisers on the show, barry weber ( to whom the catalog is dedicated — he passed away recently ) approached the skiers about doing an educational segment on lover


herself. when the “ antiques roadshow ” came to birmingham, one of the appraisers on the show, barry weber ( to whom the catalog is dedicated — he passed away recently ) approached the skiers about doing an educational segment on lover ’ s eyes, and of course they were happy to share their collection ; that was the first time the collection received any sort of notoriety. and this is the first time this collection has been exhibited in a museum? that ’ s correct. this is the largest exhibition of its kind. there are certainly a few museums here and in britain that have small collections of lover ’ s eyes but display them with their permanent collection ; i think philadelphia has about 30 or so eyes, and the metropolitan museum of art has a few in their collection, as do the royal collection and the victoria & albert in london. but this collection is three times larger than any institutional collection. because these things are tiny, i think a natural impulse on the part of exhibition designers would be to put them all in one case — but then you can take them all in in an instant, which doesn ’ t really do justice to the artistry that went into making these. each one is so carefully rendered, and they all tell very different stories. “ look of love : eye miniatures from the skier collection ” will be on view at the birmingham museum of art in birmingham, ala., from feb. 7 through june 10, 2012. more related stories - josh ritter makes his " blood on the tracks " - i don ' t hate millennials anymore! - what ' s 2013 ' s " gone girl "? here are this summer ' s best reads - fox executive behind " does someone have to go? " leaving the network - hillary clinton memoir shows up on amazon - a brief history of jennifer weiner ' s literary fights - first look : joaquin phoenix, marion cotillard shine in " the immigrant ” - no women allowed : summer music festivals are dudefests, again - vivica a. fox tapes anti - gun psa in front of poster for her movie - this is what guy fieri looks like as a balloon - mariah carey ' s rambling, cursing, dress - popping " good morning america " concert - fox ' s new reality tv show threatens regular people with unemployment - amanda bynes arrested after hurling bong from window - steamy lesbian - sex movie has cannes abuzz - stop what you ' re doing and go watch " borgen " - teenage girl claims she was beaten up for looking


regular people with unemployment - amanda bynes arrested after hurling bong from window - steamy lesbian - sex movie has cannes abuzz - stop what you ' re doing and go watch " borgen " - teenage girl claims she was beaten up for looking like taylor swift - mike judge : " bowling for columbine " made me pro - gun - new york chef serves up eight - course meal around " arrested development " jokes - hln : jodi arias " pleading for her life " got us a ratings win! - michael ian black on maron feud : he " considered me a poseur " - chekhov ' s story mirrors russia ' s own featured slide shows the week in 10 picsclose x - 1 of 11 lisa montgomery embraces her nephew thursday after a tornado tore apart her home in cleburne, texas. the twister killed six people and destroyed entire swaths of the north texas town. credit : ap / lm otero jack mcmahon, the defense attorney for abortion doctor kermit gosnell, speaks outside the criminal justice center in philadelphia tuesday. his client was convicted of killing three babies in his clinic, and will serve multiple life sentences. credit : ap / matt rourke a photo taken monday captures vice president joe biden ' s response to a milwaukee second - grader ' s innovative proposal to end america ' s epidemic of gun violence. this guy! credit : ap / jenny aicher sen. rand paul, r - ky., flanked by a grouper - eyed michele bachmann, addresses the irs ' admission that it targeted tea party groups in advance of the 2012 election. in an op - ed for cnn thursday, the kentucky senator slammed the president for his faux outrage. credit : ap / molly riley ousted irs chief steven miller is sworn in on capitol hill friday. miller testified before the house ways and means committee on the extra scrutiny the agency gave conservative groups applying for tax - exempt status. credit : ap / j. scott applewhite attorney general eric holder pauses as he testifies on capitol hill before the house judiciary committee wednesday. holder is under fire, among other things, for the justice department ' s gathering of phone records at the associated press. credit : ap / carolyn kaster o. j. simpson sits during an evidentiary hearing at clark county district court in las vegas, nev., thursday. simpson, who is currently serving a nine - to - 33 - year sentence in state prison for armed robbery and kidnapping, is using a writ of habeas corpus


##iary hearing at clark county district court in las vegas, nev., thursday. simpson, who is currently serving a nine - to - 33 - year sentence in state prison for armed robbery and kidnapping, is using a writ of habeas corpus to seek a new trial. credit : ap / las vegas review - journal / jeff scheid major tom to ground control : on sunday astronaut chris hadfield recorded the first music video from space, a cover of david bowie ' s " space oddity. " credit : ap / nasa / chris hadfield when it rains it pours. president barack obama speaks during a news conference thursday with turkish prime minister recep tayyip erdogan, inexplicably inspiring an # umbrellagate twitter meme. credit : ap / jacquelyn martin a smoke plume rises high above a road block at the intersection of county a and ross road east of solon springs, wis., tuesday. no injuries were reported, but the the wildfire caused evacuations across northwestern wisconsin. credit : ap / the duluth news - tribune / clint austin recent slide shows - 1 of 11 five - minute museum is a weekend art series that previews interesting exhibitions - - current or upcoming - - from across the country.


oxygen makes things burn much faster. think of what happens when you blow into a fire - - it makes the flame bigger. if you are using oxygen in your home, you must take extra care to stay safe. have your home ready make sure that you have working smoke detectors. make sure you have a working fire extinguisher in your home. if you move around the house with your oxygen, you may need more than one fire extinguisher. smoking can be very dangerous. no one should smoke in a room where you or your child is using oxygen. put a no smoking sign in every room where oxygen is being used. in a restaurant, keep at least 6 feet away from any source of fire, such as a stove or fireplace. keep oxygen 6 feet away from : toys with electric motors electric baseboard or space heaters wood stoves or fireplaces hairdryers, electric razors, and electric toothbrushes be careful in the kitchen you will need to be careful with your oxygen when you cook. keep oxygen away from the stovetop and oven. watch out for splattering grease. it can catch fire. keep children with oxygen away from the stovetop and oven. cooking with a microwave is okay. other safety tips do not store your oxygen in a trunk, box, or small closet. storing your oxygen under the bed is okay if air can move freely under the bed. keep liquids that may catch fire away from your oxygen. this includes cleaning products that contain oil, grease, alcohol, or other liquids that can burn. do not use vaseline or other petroleum - based creams and lotions on your face or upper part of your body unless you talk to your respiratory therapist or doctor first. aloe vera is okay to use. other water - based products, such as k - y jelly, are okay to use. avoid tripping over oxygen tubing. children may get tangled in the tubing. taping the tubing to the back of your shirt may help. david c. dugdale, iii, md, professor of medicine, division of general medicine, department of medicine, university of washington school of medicine ; and denis hadjiliadis, md, assistant professor of medicine, division of pulmonary, allergy and critical care, university of pennsylvania, philadelphia, pa. also reviewed by david zieve, md, mha, medical director, a. d. a. m. health solutions, ebix, inc.


new - acid - mine - drainage : acid mine drainage ( amd ) plagues mining operations the world over. it is considered by many to be one of the greatest environmental threats in south africa today, occurring at a time when a looming water crisis already poses a threat to clean, accessible water for the country ' s population. inherent within the process of disturbing the earth ' s crust and digging ever - deeper for precious metals is the inevitable after - effect of debris making its way back into the environment through the air and water. amd occurs through natural run - off after rains flush through a mine dump ; from mine companies disposing of the water used in their operations ; or from old, disused mine shafts filling up with water, eventually decanting above ground. it high in sulfates ( salts ) and heavy metals ( such as uranium and other toxic and carcinogenic heavy metals ), and bears a low ph, the marker of acidity. south africa is the heart of africa ' s gold mining operation. communities countrywide are threatened with amd as, disused mine shafts fill up with water, current operations leak their refuse, and tailings stemming from mine dumps blow into the air, making their way into waterways and lungs. while the problem is not unique to south africa, the country ' s long history of mining, matched with a poorly enforced regulations and a virgin environmental movement, means that mine waste is left largely unaddressed. many of the major mining houses have pocketed profits and packed up, leaving a slow - acting government to clean up their mess. as a result, the country is facing a crisis of phenomenal proportions. on windy days patches of the historic city of soweto are covered in white and yellow mine dust from dumps surrounding the township. both the cradle of humankind, a unesco world heritage site, and the city of johannesburg are threatened with rising acid mine water, which could eat through the historic caves and central buildings. some of the country ' s largest and most important waterways, such as the vaal dam, are already feeling the impacts of unmitigated and uncontrolled mine waste.


shown below is the full - page advertisement seen on page 29 of the october 3rd, 1908, saturday evening post. it appeared among ads for other, better known automobile makers like packard, cadillac, winton, and oldsmobile — expensive cars for wealthy buyers. until then, the ford motor company had been only a modest competitor, producing a small number of henry ford ’ s model r and model s vehicles. but with his model t, things would be different. ford would introduce a new design and business plan with the assumption that all americans, not just the rich, wanted their own automobiles. he was ready to give them — a 4 - cylinder, 20 horsepower, five - passenger family car — powerful, speedy and enduring, — a car that looks good, and is as good as it looks. his gamble paid off generously ; in the first year, ford sold 10, 000 model ts — ten thousand new cars for a nation that previously had only 100, 000 registered vehicles! the model t ’ s success was due, in part, to its superior engineering, including its use of vanadium steel, a tough, lightweight alloy that kept the weight of the vehicle down to 1200 pounds. not an ounce of necessary weight sacrificed, not an ounce of dead weight in the car. but no selling point was more important than price ; the model t sold for just $ 850 ( about $ 20, 000 today ). as ford proclaimed : this big, roomy, powerful five - passenger touring car … possesses at least equal value with any “ 1909 ” car announced, and at the same time sells for several hundred dollars less than the lowest of the rest. compare … the new ford car with those of any higher priced car offered and see if you can justify … the additional expenditure that buying any other car involves. * ford ’ s model t began several revolutions. of course it changed manufacturing and business methods. but his “ car for the multitude, ” as he called it, also revolutionized the nature of the american family and society. middle - income families gained a new mobility and independence as well as new opportunities. life would no longer center around the family hearthside and the neighborhood. americans could now explore their country, escape their town or village, drive off to new opportunities, or follow their whim to speed down a country road. year after year, ford compounded his success. his yearly production doubled and doubled again, from 20, 000 to 53, 000 then 94, 000. by 1913, when production reached 225, 000 model


whim to speed down a country road. year after year, ford compounded his success. his yearly production doubled and doubled again, from 20, 000 to 53, 000 then 94, 000. by 1913, when production reached 225, 000 model ts, he was turning out a new car every 3 minutes. meanwhile, the price kept dropping, too ; in 1916, he could afford to sell his car for just $ 360 ( $ 7, 000 today ). this productivity was only possible because of ford ’ s assembly line, which — according to critics — forced workers into mindless labor at an inhuman pace. furthermore, critics claimed, this mass - production culture was spreading across the nation along with the model t. americans were endlessly racing after dreams and living at a pace of life beyond human endurance. nonsense, ford replied. in 1926, he defended the culture and production methods that the model t had made possible. there is [ one ] criticism that appears when modern industry is mentioned — the charge that machine - production methods, rapidity of operation, is responsible for the so - called killing pace of present - day life. in one breath industry is charged with making men stupid, and in the next with making men too nervously alert. both statements cannot be correct. how is one to reconcile the killing pace with the fact that the average of human life is lengthened year by year? we live on a planet driving at terrific speed through space ; is anyone nervously ruined by letting the earth carry him along? we are naturally habituated to the speed of the planet. in just the same way, no one who is in step with the pace of industry is conscious of it. irritation does not arise from the pull forward ; it is in the pull back. only those who try to check the pace of progress find our present gait distressful. our pace was made by ourselves. we are not forced to keep up with something superhumanly set for us. man sets his own pace, and he can only do what is within the limit of his power. the world is on the move and gives every evidence of an intention to keep moving and to hasten its pace. viewed in the mass, the spectacle may seem feverish to those who are not a part of it. but from the point of view of the individual there is no sensation of being rushed. rather the alert men and women of today are irritated by what is, to them, the slow gait of progress. most of them are in a hurry to reach a better goal,


in their ongoing studies of how yeast ( fungi ) can infect a host and cause disease, a research team at the life sciences and bioengineering centre at worcester polytechnic institute ( wpi ) has made an unexpected discovery. they found that yeast produce a hormone previously known to be made by plants, and that the presence of that hormone in sufficient quantity within the yeast ' s immediate environment triggers the fungal cells to become more infectious. the wpi research team led by reeta prusty rao, phd, assistant professor of biology and biotechnology, working in collaboration with jennifer normanly, phd, associate professor of biochemistry and molecular biology at the university of massachusetts in amherst, reported their findings in the paper ' aberrant synthesis of indole - 3 - acetic acid in saccharomyces cerevisiae triggers morphogenic transition, a virulence trait of dimorphic pathogenic fungi ' published in the may 2010 issue of the journal genetics. the paper was featured in the ' highlights ' section of the journal, where the editors called it a ' surprising finding. ' ' this is a well - known plant hormone. in fact, it was first described in plants by charles darwin in 1880, ' prusty rao said. ' so we were surprised to see it made in yeast, and to see its impact on virulence traits of fungi that cause disease in people. ' commonly called baker ' s yeast or brewer ' s yeast, the fungus saccharomyces cerevisiae ( s. cerevisiae ) does not cause human disease. it is, however, a model system for studying other fungi like candida albicans ( c. albicans ) that do cause diseases like thrush and vaginal yeast infections, which affect millions of people each year and are not easily cleared by the handful of anti - fungal drugs currently available. while most fungal infections do not cause serious harm, if one spreads to the bloodstream it can be deadly. hospitalised patients with catheters or central intravenous lines are at risk, as the fungi can grow on those devices and enter the body. because of the lack of an effective treatment, the mortality rate for some systemic fungal infections is nearly 45 percent. prusty rao ' s lab explores the basic biology of yeast to better understand the processes of fungal infections and to identify potential targets for new drug development. before fungi begin to infect a host, they first undergo a dramatic physical change and grow filaments that look like twigs on


explores the basic biology of yeast to better understand the processes of fungal infections and to identify potential targets for new drug development. before fungi begin to infect a host, they first undergo a dramatic physical change and grow filaments that look like twigs on a leafless tree. the hormone indole - 3 - acetic acid ( iaa ) regulates how plants grow, causing them to extend shoots towards sunlight. previous work by prusty rao and others has shown that yeast take - up iaa from the environment to stimulate the growth of filaments. in the current study, prusty rao ' s team found that yeast also produce iaa themselves and secrete it into the environment around them. in this manner, the ongoing secretion and uptake of iaa presumably becomes a feedback loop giving the yeast information about the number of yeast nearby. if there are many yeast secreting iaa, then there is more in the environment to take up. furthermore, prusty rao ' s team found that when the concentration of iaa reached a certain threshold, the fungus began to change shape and grow filaments ( see figure ), providing ' strong support ' for a connection between the yeasts ' production of iaa and fungal infection. ' if there is just one yeast cell sitting under your toe nail, then it won ' t be a problem - but if there are a thousand yeast cells there, then they can begin to filament and cause infection, ' prusty rao noted. ' we believe the data show that iaa plays a role in the yeast ' s ability to know when there are sufficient numbers of them in close enough proximity to try and infect a host, be it a plant or a person. '


apr. 1, 2010 a hitherto unknown reproductive system in a species closely related to the olive tree, phillyrea angustifolia l., has been discovered by researchers in france. this system explains the high concentration of male individuals co - occurring with hermaphrodites in this species. the hermaphrodites, whose blossoms bear both male and female organs, are divided into two morphologically indistinguishable groups. the plants of each group are sterile among themselves but fully compatible with those of the other group. under these conditions, the hermaphrodites can fertilize only half of the pollen recipients, whereas the males can pollinate all the hermaphrodites. the disadvantage weighing upon the males is thus neatly counterbalanced. this discovery proves for the first time the possibility of an evolutionary transition from hermaphroditism to dioecy. a report has been published in science. researchers at the laboratoire de genetique et evolution des populations vegetales ( cnrs / universite de lille 1 ) and the centre d ' ecologie fonctionnelle et evolutive ( cnrs / universite de montpellier 1, 2 and 3 / ensa montpellier / cirad / ecole pratique des hautes etudes ) have discovered in phillyrea angustifolia l., a species closely related to the olive tree, a hitherto unknown reproductive system characterized by incompatibility between hermaphrodite plants. this new reproductive mode explains the mystery of the high frequencies ( up to 50 % ) of male individuals co - occurring with hermaphrodite individuals in this species. the hermaphrodite individuals, whose blossoms bear both male and female organs, are divided into two morphologically indistinguishable groups. the plants of each group are self - incompatible ( they cannot fertilize each other ) but fully compatible with plants of the other group. in such a system, a given hermaphrodite plant can pollinate only half of the other hermaphrodites, while a male can pollinate all the hermaphrodites in the population. these conditions neatly offset the reproductive disadvantage affecting the males, which have no female function ( and are also referred to as " female - sterile " for this reason ) and can thus transmit their genes only by male gametes, and not by both male and female gametes like the hermaphrodites. in addition, this self - incompati


referred to as " female - sterile " for this reason ) and can thus transmit their genes only by male gametes, and not by both male and female gametes like the hermaphrodites. in addition, this self - incompatibility within two morphologically identical groups of hermaphrodites could be a key reproductive mode, the origin of plant species with separate genders that evolve through " intermediary " reproductive systems. in the overall context of the evolution of reproductive systems from hermaphroditism toward dioecy ( system in which individuals are exclusively either male or female ), mixed systems involving the presence in the same species of both females and hermaphrodites ( gynodioecy ) or both males and hermaphrodites ( androdioecy ) are considered intermediaries derived from hermaphroditism. however, all previous empirical examples have shown that androdioecy had evolved from dioecious systems through the females ' acquisition of a male function, and not from hermaphroditic systems through the loss of the female function by certain hermaphrodites. this new study shows for the first time that a transition from hermaphroditism to androdioecy ( presence of hermaphrodite and male individuals within the populations of a single species ) is possible. this discovery of a self - incompatibility system involving only two morphologically indistinguishable groups of hermaphrodite plants comes as a totally unexpected development. one of the researchers ' next challenges will be to explain, from a functional point of view, how the number of self - incompatibility groups has been maintained at two. other social bookmarking and sharing tools : note : materials may be edited for content and length. for further information, please contact the source cited above. - p. saumitou - laprade, p. vernet, c. vassiliadis, y. hoareau, g. magny ( de ), b. dommee, j. lepart. a self - incompatibility system explains high male frequencies in an androdioecious plant. science, 26 march 2010 doi : 10. 1126 / science. 1186687 note : if no author is given, the source is cited instead.


mar. 24, 2011 a new study is providing fascinating insight into how projections conveying sensory information in the brain are guided to their appropriate targets in different species. the research, published in the march 24 issue of the journal neuron, reveals a surprising new evolutionary scenario that may help to explain how subtle changes in the migration of " guidepost " neurons underlie major differences in brain connectivity between mammals and nonmammalian vertebrates. the neocortex ( the " new " cortex ) is a brain area that is unique to mammals and plays a central role in cognition, motor behavior, and sensory perception. a deeper brain region, called the thalamus, sends sensory information to the neocortex via a major highway called the internal capsule. as might be expected given the differences in brain anatomy, thalamic projections vary tremendously among vertebrates, with paths in reptiles and birds taking a completely different route than that seen in mammals. " what controls the differential path - finding of thalamic axons in mammals versus nonmammalian vertebrates and how these essential projections have evolved remains unknown, " explains senior study author, dr. sonia garel from ecole normale superieure in paris. " we examined how thalamic axons, which constitute the main input to the neocortex, are directed internally to their evolutionarily novel target in mammals, while they follow an external path to other targets in reptiles and birds. " using a series of comparative and functional studies, dr. garel and colleagues observed species - specific differences in the migration and positioning of well - characterized " corridor guidepost " neurons. the researchers went on to show that a protein called slit2, previously implicated in cell migration and axon guidance, was critical for local positioning of mammalian guidepost cells and functioned as a kind of switch to reroute thalamic axons from the default external route to an internal path to the neocortex. " taken together, our results show that minor differences in the positioning of conserved guidepost neurons, which is controlled by slit2, plays an essential role in the species - specific pathfinding of thalamic axons, thereby providing a novel framework to understand the shaping and evolution of a novel and major brain projection, " concludes dr. garel. " furthermore, our study opens the possibility that changes in cell migration may more generally control the evolution of brain connectivity, particularly the formation of other mammalian - specific tracts. since an increase in cell migration has participated in


james phipps ( 1788 - 1853 ) james phipps, the son of a poor landless labourer, was the first person to be vaccinated by edward jenner. on 14 may 1796, jenner cut into the skin of the 8 - year - old boy and infected him with matter from a cowpox sore. over the following days, james developed a fever, but soon became well again. when jenner then injected the boy with the more dangerous smallpox, james remained healthy. two other children who shared a bed with james did not catch smallpox from him either. encouraged by his success, jenner went on to test his method on various people over the following two years. all of them were poor - farm labourers and their children, or the inmates of workhouses. jenner publicised the case of james phipps as a success story to promote his new method of vaccination. we do not know if james or his father were paid for the experiment, but later in life jenner definitely rewarded his first test subject. when james phipps was married with children, jenner gave him a free lease on a house. phipps was grateful to jenner, and attended the physician ' s funeral on 3 february 1823. however, if the experiment had gone wrong, jenner would probably have kept quiet about it, and james phipps would have been forgotten, like many other victims of medical experimentation. related themes and topics r b fisher, edward jenner ( 1749 - 1823 ) ( london : andre deutsch, 1991 ) e jenner, an inquiry into the causes and effects of the variolæ vaccinæ, a disease discovered in some of the western counties of england... known by the name of the cow pox ( london : printed for the author, 1798 ) viral infection of cows ' udders, transmitted to humans by direct contact, causing very mild symptoms similar to smallpox.


how tall is it? measure something tall without climbing it the most accurate way to measure something is using a tape measure, but some things are too tall ( or too scary ) to climb with a ruler. try the different methods for the same tree and see how similar ( or different ) the results are. these examples are all about trees, but would work for buildings, telegraph poles and any other tall structures. bending overget an adult to walk away from a tree until they are just about able to see the top of the tree when they bend over and look through their legs. the distance they are from the tree is roughly the same as the height of the tree. this works because an adult bending over and looking up at the top of the tree creates about a 45 degree angle. this creates a triangle where the base and the height are about equal – so the distance from the tree is about the same as the height of the tree. using shadowson a sunny day, measure the length of a tree ' s shadow. measure the length of the shadow of something of a known height ( for example a person, a measuring stick or a pole ). divide the length of the tree ' s shadow by the length of the person, measuring stick or pole ' s shadow and then multiply it by the height of the person, measuring stick or pole – the answer is the height of the tree. using shadows # 2stick a long stick in the ground ( one or two metres tall if possible ), and draw a circle around the base of it, so that the distance from the centre to the circle is exactly the same as the distance from the ground to the tip of the stick. when the tip of the shadow touches the edge of the circle, the length of the shadow is exactly the same as the height of the stick. run to the tree and measure the length of the shadow – this will be the height of the tree. using a cameraset up a digital camera on a tripod and get someone to stand next to a tree holding a measuring stick or a stiff tape measure, extended as far as possible ( one to two metres long if available ). take a picture of the person and tree, with the tree taking up about half the height of the picture. on a computer, use the manipulation tool to copy a rectangle exactly the same height as the measuring tape or stick and paste it a number of times up the side of the tree and see how many times the measuring stick or tape needs to be pasted to measure the height of


building material salvage and recycling client assistance memo 1302 why should you reuse and recycle building materials? - send less waste to the landfill - give usable items another life - reduce natural resource use - save money - cut greenhouse gas emissions - support the local material reuse and recycling industry - earn green building rating system points ( e. g., built green™, leed™ ) many opportunities exist to reuse and recycle building materials that come from both demolition and new building projects. salvage : the removal of select materials from a building prior to demolition. these materials include items such as architectural features, cabinets, windows, and wood flooring. recycling : the collection and processing of certain materials, which are then manufactured into new products. salvage before demolition the typical home or commercial space often contains numerous reusable items. this is particularly true with older buildings. items frequently desirable for reuse include large timbers, wood flooring, wood trim, cabinets, double - pane windows, dimensional lumber, and ( non - hollow core ) doors. dimensional lumber is particularly desirable but can sometimes be difficult or expensive to remove. the most important consideration to maximizing reuse is to plan ahead and provide time for removal of desirable items. salvage can begin at the beginning of a construction project, before demolition and hazardous waste abatement. salvaging of non - structural items can begin before a demolition permit has been issued. if you do not have the time or knowledge to find outlets for potentially reusable items, call one of the local used building material stores. store staff is typically available to visit a site to determine whether potentially - salvageable items are desired by their business. some of the used building material stores provide deconstruction and salvage services. if a building contains enough desired materials, store staff may be able to remove the items from the building at no charge, and many are able to provide receipts to allow for a tax deduction based on the value of the materials. any items removed before a building is demolished will reduce disposal costs. think creatively for other ways to reuse materials before sending them to the landfill. consider salvaging materials from an old building for reuse in a new building, on the same site. for example, high grade lumber may be salvaged and cut into trim or made into furnishings for the new building. concrete may be ground and re - used on site in place of gravel or aggregate. one alternative to using a salvage company is to hold a “ demo sale ” before a building


salvaged and cut into trim or made into furnishings for the new building. concrete may be ground and re - used on site in place of gravel or aggregate. one alternative to using a salvage company is to hold a “ demo sale ” before a building is demolished. this involves letting the public into the building to remove non - structural windows, trim, doors, flooring, cabinets, etc., before the building is flattened. if you plan to pursue this option, check your insurance policy for liability coverage. recycle during demolition worker salvaging reusable dimensional lumber during a home deconstruction. photo by : the reuse people. city of seattle ordinance requires businesses to recycle certain items, such as paper, cardboard, and yard debris. other recyclables coming out of a demolition project can include wiring, plumbing fixtures, metal studs, and structural supports. be careful about metal ductwork, which often has asbestos tape or insulation attached to it. for comprehensive information about materials that can be recycled and local recyclers, visit resource venture or call ( 206 ) 343 - 8505. when salvaging materials for reuse and recycling, be mindful about safety. hazardous materials or situations may restrict the ability to salvage items, such as asbestos - containing tile or mastic above wood flooring. be aware of surfaces which may contain lead based paint. avoid cutting such surfaces, and minimize dust generation. using salvaged and recycled content materials the key to encouraging and maintaining steady markets for salvaged and recycled materials is to integrate them into new projects. it is important to consider how to integrate salvaged materials early, during the design phase. client assistance memo 336, sustainable building and reuse of building materials, provides a comprehensive look at the necessary code considerations for integrating specific types of materials into projects. used building materials stores stock an ever - changing variety of flooring, doors, trim, windows and other miscellaneous items. for large projects or small, recycled - content materials can also help “ close the loop ” of the recycling process. gypsum wallboard, plastic - composite deck materials, metal materials, and acoustic ceiling tiles frequently are available with recycled content. to ensure products contain recycled content, be sure to research available products and specify desired percentages of recycled content. for more information visit resource venture or call ( 206 ) 343 - 8505. minimizing waste : maximizing reuse and recycling during construction most new construction projects will result in extra “ left - over ” materials. depending


##s of recycled content. for more information visit resource venture or call ( 206 ) 343 - 8505. minimizing waste : maximizing reuse and recycling during construction most new construction projects will result in extra “ left - over ” materials. depending on the volume, you may have a number of choices for how to reuse certain materials. potential reuse outlets include used building material stores, on - line resources, and one - time used building material sales. if materials can ’ t be reused, look to optimize recycling. recyclable materials generated during construction include clean wood, metals, gypsum wallboard, and cardboard / paper. some waste haulers require separation of materials on the jobsite. others are able to provide a container for all types of “ commingled ” recycling, to be sorted later at an outside facility. in general, separating materials for recycling will reduce contamination and increase the amount of material actually recycled. for comprehensive information about recycling options for different materials, visit resource venture or call ( 206 ) 343 - 8505. the resource venture can provide you with the contractor ’ s guide to waste prevention and recycling, and the construction recycling directory. the resource venture is a good source for assistance with nonstandard recycling, such as acoustic ceiling tile, drywall, porcelain, roofing, and plant / tree salvage. local building materials stores work together to encourage used building materials markets through the northwest building salvage network. for more information about local deconstruction and reuse companies and services, see the building salvage and deconstruction services sheet in the dpd demolition packet. for detailed information and ideas about integrating salvaged building materials into your construction project, take a look at the salvage and reuse green home remodel guide ( pdf ). this client assistance memo ( cam ) should not be used as a substitute for codes and regulations. the applicant is responsible for compliance with all code and rule requirements, whether or not described in this cam.