? ” power outage ahead? the coal industry faces another hit, at least indirectly, from regulations aimed at u. s. power companies. icf international inc., a fairfax - based consulting firm, forecasts that america could lose up to 20 percent of its coal - fired electric generation during this decade. the main impetus : four newly proposed rules by the epa that could force utilities to either shut down older coal plants or make expensive upgrades. the report was prepared before epa announced its new caps in march on carbon emissions for new coal - fired plants. “ it ’ s going to require flexibility, careful planning and lots of discussion by all players in the industry to make sure the power grid continues to operate as these coal plants get decommissioned, ” says john blaney, a senior vice president with icf international. roanoke - based appalachian power co. plans to shutter its two virginia coal - fired generating plants by 2015 to comply with the mercury and air toxics standards rule and the cross - state air pollution rule, company spokesman todd burns says. the company, a subsidiary of columbus, ohio - based american electric power, or aep, serves about 500, 000 customers in western virginia. the closures in virginia include a 335 - megawatt coal unit in giles county and a 235 - megawatt coal station in russell county. two other russell county coal plants will be converted to burn natural gas. the shift is expected to result in the loss of 85 jobs in virginia, burns says. it is part of a larger effort by aep to retire nearly 6, 000 megawatts of coal generation in nine states. appalachian power customers could see their monthly electric bills jump 10 percent to 15 percent as a result, burns says. likewise dominion has announced plans to retire several coal - fired units at its chesapeake energy center in chesapeake and yorktown power station by 2016. the units total about 360 megawatts. output from a proposed $ 1 billion, 1, 300 - megawatt, natural gas - fired plant in brunswick county would replace electricity from those coal units and help dominion meet growing demand while also satisfying the latest federal clean - air standards. the company also plans to retire the 74 - megawatt north branch power station in late 2014 when a new 1, 300 - megawatt, natural gas warren county power station is complete. coal plants and controversies while u. s. energy producers wrestle with these potential impacts, dominion is testing the boilers at its soon - to - be - opened virginia city hybrid energy center in wise county


of nearly $ 85, 000, according to a recent report by chmura economics and analytics, a richmond - based econometrics firm. that ’ s more than double the $ 37, 757 average for all industries in the region. the report, prepared on behalf of the virginia coal association, says nearly 12 percent of local tax revenue in the region stems from coal. coal ’ s impact is not confined to the coalfields, however. “ virginia gets the double benefit from coal because of the port of virginia, ” says paul grossman, director of international trade and investment at the virginia economic development partnership. state coal exports shot up 30 percent year over year in 2011, generating nearly $ 1. 3 billion in revenue. grossman traces the spectacular one - year leap to growing worldwide coal consumption, notably for virginia ’ s high - quality metallurgical coal. global supplies are constrained as australia, the world ’ s largest coal exporter, recovers from flooding that disrupted its mining industry two years ago. all told, 40. 9 million short tons ( a short ton is equivalent to 2, 000 pounds ) of coal were shipped through harbors in hampton roads, most of it coking coal bound for emerging economies. china, the netherlands, spain and sweden all imported dramatically higher quantities of virginia coal. exports to japan — virginia ’ s 18th - largest import customer — were up an eye - popping 2, 406 percent as the island nation used coal to replenish base load electric power lost when nuclear reactors were damaged by a tsunami on march 11, 2011. railway giant norfolk southern corp. steamed to record revenues of $ 11. 2 billion in 2011, with increased coal shipments accounting for nearly one - third of the revenue growth, according to the company ’ s annual financial statement. prices for metallurgical coal tend to far outstrip prices for thermal coal ( used in making electricity ), thus making it more profitable to recover and process. after acquiring massey energy last june, alpha has become the new heavyweight in metallurgical coal, with total reserves of 1. 4 billion tons. “ that ’ s a lot of high - quality metallurgical coal in the ground that we can develop over time, ” alpha spokesman ted pile says. despite access to massey ’ s metallurgical coal, there was a downside to the deal : one of the worst safety records in the industry. alpha paid a record fine of $ 209. 3 million last year to settle ongoing criminal and civil suits related to a massive explosion


census bureau releases alternative measures of poverty tuesday, january 4, 2011 ; 6 : 57 pm the census bureau took a baby step toward redefining what is considered poor in america on tuesday when it released several alternative measurements of poverty, fundamentally revising a one - size - fits - all formula developed in the 1960s by a civil servant. under a complex series of eight alternative measurements, the census bureau calculated that in 2009, the number of americans living in poverty could have been as few as 39 million or as many as almost 53 million. under the official calculation, the census estimated that about 44 million were subsisting on incomes below the poverty line of about $ 21, 750 for a family of four. the alternatives generally set the poverty threshold higher, as much as $ 29, 600 for a couple with two children. in september, the census estimated the nation ' s poverty rate in 2009 was 14. 3 percent. under the alternatives, it could have been as low as 12. 8 percent or as high as 17. 1 percent. for the time being, the government will continue to use the original poverty definition to determine eligibility for federal programs. the alternatives are experimental and will be revised every year, eventually winnowing them to one. the bureau ' s move is expected to reignite a debate over whether to replace the current measurement, as was recommended in 1995 by a blue - ribbon panel from the national academy of sciences ( nas ). the alternatives are offspring of the nas report. " our interest was in getting a better measurement, " said robert michael, a university of chicago dean who chaired the panel. " that ' s politically difficult to do because of the entrenched benefits to those that are currently getting them. our interest was in understanding how our nation is doing in terms of serving the need. " the current formula was devised by mollie orshansky, a civil servant in the social security administration who took the cost of a " thrifty food basket " for a family of four and multiplied it by three. her formula has been updated for inflation. it continues to harbor a number of quirks traceable to attitudes of a half - century ago, such as a $ 1, 000 reduction in the poverty line for people older than 65, largely because orshansky, an economist and statistician, believed older people eat less. the alternatives reflect a growing consensus among experts in the poverty field that the old formula does not adequately measure poverty in the 21st century. for example, it does not take into account the impact of


economist and statistician, believed older people eat less. the alternatives reflect a growing consensus among experts in the poverty field that the old formula does not adequately measure poverty in the 21st century. for example, it does not take into account the impact of governmental anti - poverty programs, such as medicaid, welfare, food stamps, school lunches, subsidized housing or income tax credits. nor does it include a host of expenses typical in families with two working adults, such as child care, multiple automobiles and professional wardrobes. it also does not make any consideration for regional differences in the cost of living. although the poverty measurement is largely of interest to academics today, it has the potential to alter our perceptions of who is poor, how persistent a problem poverty is and whether policies should be reordered. the aarp, for one, recently noted that under the alternatives recommended by the nas panel, the number of elderly people considered poor would rise by more than 3 million, largely because expenses would include large out - of - pocket medical costs more typical of senior citizens. " we often congratulate ourselves on the big drop in poverty levels that have taken place since the ' 60s, as we should, " said john rother, vice president of the aarp. " but this shows we haven ' t made as much progress as we like to think. particularly because of the increase in health - care costs, we ' re at risk of losing the progress we ' ve made. " many experts say they expect that a refined alternative measurement eventually will replace the current measurement. " if both are being published 10 years from now, i ' d hope no one would pay attention to the official measure anymore, " said david betson, a notre dame economist who also was on the nas panel. " this is not to stomp on the grave of mollie orshansky. she was a nice person. we all liked her. her measurement was probably right back in 1963, but that measurement ' s not right for today ' s society. statistics have to evolve. you have to make them relevant, " betson said.


nuclear expert arnie gundersen told cnn on monday that residents of seattle, washington, are breathing an average of 5 “ hot particles ” per day of radiation from fukushima : hot particles have an affinity for the lungs, and – if breathed in – can cause cancer down the road. as gundersen explained in an interview last friday : i am in touch with some scientists now who have been monitoring the air on the west coast and in seattle for instance, in april, the average person in seattle breathed in 10 hot particles a day. the report takes some time to make its way into the literature. the average human being breathes about 10 meters a day of air, cubic meters of air. and the air out in the seattle area are detecting, when they pull 10 cubic meters through them, this is in april now, so we are in the end of may so it is a better situation now. that air filter will have 10 hot particles on it. and that was before the unit four issue. clearly we all can ’ t run south of the equator to our second homes in rio or something like that. but it will stay north of the equator for anyone who has a leer jet and can get out. but i guess what i am advising at that point is keep your windows closed. i would definitely wear some sort of a filter if i was outside. i certainly wouldn ’ t run and exercise until i was sure the plume had dissipated. this isn ’ t now. this is, as you were saying, this is worst case. if unit four were to topple, i would close my windows, turn the air conditioner on, replace the filters frequently, damp mop, put a hepa filter in the house and try to avoid as much of the hot particles as possible. you are not going to walk out with a geiger counter and be in a plume that is going to tell you the meter. the issue will be on the west coast, hot particles. and the solution there is hepa filters and avoiding them. gundersen also told cnn that fukushima photos showed steam in march and april because it was cold. he said that the lack of visible steam doesn ’ t mean that radiation releases have stopped, only that the warmer air temperatures mean that releases won ’ t form visible steam. and he pointed out last week that the white house and nuclear regulatory commission recommend a 50 mile evacuation around fukushima, yet insist that the u. s. is safe with only a 10 mile evacuation : gundersen also


information contained on this page is provided by newsusa, an independent third - party content provider. worldnow and this station make no warranties or representations in connection therewith. / arnicare gel ) - basketball and bicycling rank highest for injuries among recreational sports, causing 1. 5 million accidents per year. baseball, soccer and softball follow, each with almost half a million injuries yearly, according to the u. s. consumer product safety commission. whether you ' re upping your own practice schedule or you ' re a parent of a student athlete headed back to school, heeding a few precautions goes a long way. here are some tips from osteopathic physician marcel fraix, member of the fellow of the american academy of physical medicine and rehabilitation ( faapmr ) and assistant professor at western university of health sciences. fraix is also a staff physician at casa colina centers for rehabilitation in california, where he specializes in sports - related disorders. * start with a check - up when possible. physical stress on a young body can be harmful when coupled with an underlying medical condition or heart problem. likewise, get an exam before stressing the heart if you ' re middle - aged and mostly sedentary. pre - conditioning programs for specific sports help. injuries usually occur at the beginning of the season, when you are most likely to be out of shape. building hamstrings and inner quadriceps muscles helps prevent knee injuries. * diligently use the proper safety equipment, e. g., mouth guards, safety goggles, helmets and elbow and knee pads. don ' t forget to apply sunscreen spf 15 or higher. * stay adequately hydrated with water or a water - electrolyte drink. replacing fluid lost from sweating is essential to maximize athletic performance and prevent heat exhaustion, especially during warm weather. * treat injuries on the spot. keep a first aid kit ready for cuts and scrapes, allergic reactions, insect bites and eye irritations. most importantly, be prepared to treat muscle pain at the first sign before it sidelines you. there are safe, natural and unscented pain relievers available. look for a homeopathic medicine like arnicare gel ( www. arnicare. com ), which works with the body instead of just masking pain. try it on legs stiff from running or cycling, or on shoulders aching from too many tennis racket swings. it also helps with pain from strained ligaments or bumps and bruises from hard - fought basketball games


binghamton, ny ( wbng binghamton ) students and teachers created a sea of blue at chenango forks elementary. joining together to launch an anti - bullying program that ' s been added to the curriculum. action news stopped by the school to see how the color blue can help these students. when bree fargnoli came to chenango forks elementary she didn ' t exactly have a warm welcoming. " some people were really mean, so i think the bullying program was really helpful, " said fargnoli or chenango forks. now the students are marching to prevent that kind of experience from happening again. " they ' re working really hard to get bullying prevention and to overcome bullying obstacles in the building, " said chenango forks elementary principal nicole knapp. the olweus anti - bullying program kicked off with a parade through the hallways and into the auditorium where students learned chants against bullies. " they ' re learning basic terms like, how to be a good friend, that is really important when you ' re teaching how not to be a bully, " said knapp. " i think we can learn that it ' s best to stand up for people and not stand and watch them get bullied, " said kaylee maietta of chenango forks. it ' s getting the kids prepared for the new curriculum they will soon see in the classroom, which aims to eliminate bullying all together. " the kids don ' t have a lot of information right now, the whole point is to get them excited about it so when we start the curriculum they ' re just as passionate about it as the teachers are, " said knapp. but some of the older students are already aware of what ' s to come. " you don ' t need to be friends with everybody but just don ' t be mean to them, " said fargnoli. " i think that bullying is wrong and no one deserves to be bullied, " said maietta. bringing a new type of lesson to the classroom, and a better kind of friend to one another. the power of one mma fighters came to the school for a demonstration and ways to handle aggressive situations. the olweus bully prevention program can be applied to any school. it reports one in five students are bullied in some way.


belize is giving its beleaguered parrotfish, nassau grouper, and other reef fish a chance to recover from years of overfishing. the national government and minister of agriculture and fisheries signed a sweeping set of new laws to protect the country ’ s extensive coral reefs, considered to be the most pristine in the western hemisphere. research by the wildlife conservation society ( wcs ) helped lay the groundwork for the laws, which set a new standard for coral reef protection in the caribbean. the first of the new laws will protect parrotfish and other grazers, such as doctor and surgeonfish. these herbivores keep algae growth in check, enabling corals to flourish. in the past, fisherman did not target the grazing fish ; rather, they caught mainly snappers and groupers. it was only when these species declined that they turned to the next tier of the food web, and parrotfish began to disappear. wcs research from glover ’ s reef show that parrotfish are now the most commonly caught fish on this part of the belize barrier reef reserve system. as a consequence, coral cover has declined. marine researchers expect that the new laws protecting parrotfish and other grazers will help the corals recover. the second set of regulations will protect nassau grouper, which is listed as an endangered species by iucn ’ s red list. the new rules set a minimum and maximum size limit, and require that all nassau groupers be brought back to the dock whole. until now, fishermen have generally brought in their catch as fillets, making it difficult to monitor catch rates. all other fish can still be brought in as fillets but must retain a patch of skin so authorities can confirm that they aren ’ t nassau grouper. the third regulation bans spearfishing within marine reserves. spearfishing is the main method used to catch grazing fish, nassau grouper, and other groupers and has caused severe declines of these species. other aspects of the new laws create “ no - take ” zones in protected areas. south water caye and sapodilla cayes marine reserves are now closed to fishing, and the pelican cayes — a hotspot for rare sponges and sea squirts — are also off - limits. though these marine reserves were declared in 1996 and form part of the belize barrier reef reserve system world heritage site, prior to this law, fishing had been permitted there. wcs became involved in belize during the early 1980s when it initiated the planning of the hol chan marine reserve and later


while researchers around the world are diligently working to bring wearable electronics to market, a u. k. university has moved a step closer to reality. here, scientists have produced a prototype garment that integrates electronic devices into the fabric of the garment. according to digital spy, researchers at nottingham trent university ' s advanced textiles research group have created a garment fitted with light - emitting diodes ( leds ). the researchers are calling it smart and interactive textile. application targets for wearable technology include medical, military and consumer. based on analyst investigation, wearable technology could reportedly be a big growth area in consumer electronic goods over the next few years. currently, as per the report, techniques involve electronic devices being inserted into clothing after it has already been produced, making the textile inflexible. in addition, the electronic devices must be removed before washing. but unlike others, wrote digital spy reporter andrew laughlin, the nottingham trent researchers have developed a method to integrate semiconductor chips within the fibers of a yarn. called micro electronic textiles ( met ), they feature sensors smaller than the size of a pinhead being integrated in the fiber. consequently, they produce a ' smart textile ' that retains the fabric ' s basic characteristics of being tactile, flexible, machine washable and capable of being tumble - dried. nottingham trent researchers believe the wearable technology can be used to monitor chemical reactions and vital signs in medical and sporting assessments. it can also be used for illuminating textiles in fashion by creating malleable mood fabrics that change color depending on the situation. prof. tilak dias, who leads the advanced textiles research group at nottingham trent university, said there are various applications for their technology. " the prototype uses leds but the technology can also result in variations of washable, wearable computers that can monitor vital signs for well - being, provide intelligent textiles for the military, have invisibility cloaking capabilities, and create flexible and conformable displays, " noted dias. the wearable technology market has potential to grow significantly in the future. while google has already unveiled google glass eyewear project, it is rumored that sony, apple ( news - alert ) and nokia are all working on similar products. a market report from ims research shows that shipments of wearable technology products are likely to rise by more than 500 percent from 2011 to 2016, to 92. 5 million units worldwide. edited by braden becker


delayed walking and other foot and leg problems in babies most babies can pull themselves up to stand and begin taking their first steps somewhere between the ages of 8 months and 12 months. soon after their first birthday, they can usually take a few steps alone, but prior to this will have started to ' cruise ' - - walking along the edge of a couch or table, using furniture or outstretched hands for support. but what if your baby shows signs of delayed walking? and what if you notice your baby has bowed legs or is walking on tiptoes - - should you worry? there is a wide variation from one baby to the next in learning to walk. timing of first steps can also vary between babies of different ethnic backgrounds. one baby may not walk until three or four months after another. that doesn ' t necessarily signal a problem or delayed walking. both children are likely to be equally healthy and able to run and play as they get older. are baby ' s bowed legs a concern? bowed legs are a common concern of new parents who may not realize that nearly every baby has bowed legs at birth. this outward curve of the leg bones usually resolves itself by age 2. toddlers usually sway from side to side rather than move forward, at first, making their bowed legs look even more exaggerated. bowed legs don ' t cause delayed walking or affect your baby ' s ability to learn to walk. in a few rare cases, when bowed legs don ' t resolve naturally by age 2, your baby ' s knees can be turned outward by the curve of the leg bones. this can cause knee problems. if bowed legs appear suddenly or persist beyond the age of 2, see your baby ' s doctor. rarely, bowlegs are a sign of rickets. that ' s a condition caused by, among other things, a lack of vitamin d and calcium in your baby ' s diet that inhibits bone growth. bowlegs can also be caused by a relatively rare condition called blount ' s disease, which causes abnormal bone growth in the tibia, or lower leg bone. this condition is more commonly seen in african - american children and is thought to be associated with being overweight. are pigeon toes a problem for babies? many babies have a slight intoeing, also called pigeon toes, when they ' re born. this usually disappears during the toddler years. pigeon toes may be caused by problems with any of three areas in the leg and foot. there may be deviation of the foot also known as metatarsus adduc


hawaii ( or ; hawaiian : ' hawaii ' ) is the most recent of the 50 u. s. states ( joined the union on august 21, 1959 ), and is the only u. s. state made up entirely of islands. it is the northernmost island group in polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central pacific ocean. hawaii ’ s diverse natural scenery, warm tropical climate, abundance of public beaches and oceanic surrounding, and active volcanoes make it a popular destination for tourists, surfers, biologists, and volcanologists alike. due to its mid - pacific location, hawaii has many north american and asian influences along with its own vibrant native culture. hawaii has over a million permanent residents along with many visitors and u. s. military personnel. its capital is honolulu on the island of. the state encompasses nearly the entire volcanic hawaiian island chain, which comprises hundreds of islands spread over. at the southeastern end of the archipelago, the eight " main islands " are ( from the northwest to southeast ),,,,,, maui and the. the latter is the largest and is often called " the big island " to avoid confusion with the state as a whole. the archipelago is physiographically and ethnologically part of the polynesian subregion of oceania. hawaii is the 8th - least extensive, the 11th - least populous, but the 13th - most densely populated of the 50 u. s. states. hawaii ' s coastline is approximately long, which is fourth in the united states after alaska, florida and california. hawaii is one of two states that do not observe daylight saving time, the other being arizona and hawaii is one of two states that are not in the contiguous united states, the other being alaska. hawaii is also the only state with an asian majority. hawaii is one of four states, besides the original thirteen, that were independent prior to becoming part of the united states, along with the vermont republic ( 1791 ), the republic of texas ( 1845 ), and the california republic ( 1846 ), and one of two, along with texas, that had formal diplomatic recognition internationally. the kingdom of hawaii was sovereign from 1810 until 1893 when the monarchy was overthrown by resident american ( and some european ) businessmen. it was an independent republic from 1894 until 1898, when it was annexed by the united states as a territory, becoming a state in 1959. hawaii was the target of a surprise attack on pearl harbor by imperial japan on december 7, 1941. the attack on pearl harbor and other military and naval installations


, when it was annexed by the united states as a territory, becoming a state in 1959. hawaii was the target of a surprise attack on pearl harbor by imperial japan on december 7, 1941. the attack on pearl harbor and other military and naval installations on, carried out by aircraft and by midget submarines, brought the united states into world war ii. pre - european contact — ancient hawaii ( 800 – 1778 ) the earliest habitation supported by archaeological evidence dates to as early as 300 ce, probably by polynesian settlers from the marquesas, followed by a second wave of migration from raiatea and bora bora in the 11th century. the first recorded european contact with the islands was in 1778 by british explorer james cook. polynesians from the marquesas and possibly the society islands may have first populated the hawaiian islands between 300 and 500 ce. there is a great deal of debate regarding these dates. some archaeologists and historians believe that an early settlement from the marquesas and a later wave of immigrants from tahiti, c. 1000, introduced a new line of high chiefs, the kapu system, the practice of human sacrifice and the building of heiaus. this later immigration is detailed in folk tales about. other authors argue that there is no archaeological or linguistic evidence for a later influx of tahitian settlers, and that paao must be regarded as a myth. regardless of the question of paao, historians agree that the history of the islands was marked by a slow but steady growth in population and the size of the chiefdoms, which grew to encompass whole islands. local chiefs, called, ruled their settlements and launched wars to extend their sway and defend their communities from predatory rivals. ancient hawaii was a caste - based society much like that of the hindus in india. european arrival and the kingdom of hawaii there are questions as to whether spanish explorers did arrive in the hawaiian islands two centuries before captain james cook ' s first documented visit in 1778. ruy lopez de villalobos commanded a fleet of six ships that left acapulco in 1542 with a spanish sailor named juan gaetano aboard as pilot. depending on the interpretation, gaetano ' s reports seemed to describe the discovery of hawaii or the marshall islands in 1555. if it was hawaii, gaetano would have been one of the first europeans to find the islands. some scholars have dismissed these claims as lacking credibility. the 1778 arrival of british explorer james cook was hawaii ’ s first documented contact with european explorers. cook named the islands the "


gaetano would have been one of the first europeans to find the islands. some scholars have dismissed these claims as lacking credibility. the 1778 arrival of british explorer james cook was hawaii ’ s first documented contact with european explorers. cook named the islands the " sandwich islands " in honor of his sponsor john montagu, 4th earl of sandwich. he published the islands ' location and reported the native name as owyhee. this spelling lives on in owyhee county, idaho, after three hawaiian members of a trapping party that went missing in that area. cook visited the islands twice. upon his departure during his second visit in 1779, a quarrel ensued, involving cook ' s taking of temple idols and fencing as " firewood ", and the taking of a ship ' s boat by a minor chief and his men. cook then abducted the king of the big island of hawaii,, and held him as ransom aboard his ship for the return of the boat, a tactic that had worked for cook in tahiti and other islands. kalaniopuu ' s supporters fought back and cook and four marines were killed as cook ' s party retreated to the beach and launched their boats. after cook ' s visit and the publication of several books relating his voyages, the hawaiian islands received many european visitors : explorers, traders, and eventually whalers who found the islands a convenient harbor and source of supplies. early british influence can be seen in the design of the flag of hawaii which has the british union flag in the corner. these visitors introduced diseases to the once - isolated islands and the hawaiian population plunged precipitously because native hawaiians had no resistance to influenza, smallpox, and measles, among others. by 1820, eurasian diseases, famine, and wars among the chiefs killed more than half of the native hawaiian population. during the 1850s, measles killed a fifth of hawaii ' s people. historical records indicated that the earliest immigration of the chinese came from guangdong province : a few sailors in 1778 with captain cook ' s journey, more in 1788 with kaina, and some in 1789 with an american trader who settled in hawaii in the late 18th century. house of kamehameha during the 1780s and 1790s, chiefs were often fighting for power. after a series of battles that ended in 1795 and forced cession of the island of kauai in 1810, all inhabited islands were subjugated under a single ruler who became known as king kamehameha the great. he established the house of kamehameha, a dynasty that ruled


forced cession of the island of kauai in 1810, all inhabited islands were subjugated under a single ruler who became known as king kamehameha the great. he established the house of kamehameha, a dynasty that ruled the kingdom until 1872. after kamehameha ii inherited the throne in 1819, american protestant missionaries to hawaii converted many hawaiians to christianity. their influence ended many ancient practices, and kamehameha iii was the first christian king. one prominent protestant missionary, hiram bingham i, was a trusted adviser to the monarchy during this period. other missionaries and their descendants became active in commercial and political affairs, leading to future conflicts between the monarchy and its restive american subjects. missionaries from other christian denominations ( such as catholics, mormons, and episcopalians ) were active, but never converted more than a minority of the native hawaiian population. ezra t. benson appeared to have been the earliest mormon missionary to the islands. the death of the bachelor king kamehameha v — who did not name an heir — resulted in the popular election of lunalilo over kalakaua. lunalilo died the next year, also without naming an heir. perhaps " the people ' s king " ( lunalilo ) wanted the people to choose his successor as they had chosen him. in 1874 the election was contested within the legislature between kalakaua and emma. this led to riots and the landing of u. s. and british troops, and governance passed to the house of kalakaua. 1887 constitution and overthrow preparations in 1887, kalakaua was forced to sign the 1887 constitution of the kingdom of hawaii, which stripped the king of much of his authority. there was a property qualification for voting, which disenfranchised most hawaiians and immigrant laborers, and favored the wealthier white community. resident whites were allowed to vote, but resident asians were excluded. because the 1887 constitution was signed under threat of violence, it is known as the " bayonet constitution ". king kalakaua, reduced to a figurehead, reigned until his death in 1891. his sister,, succeeded him on the throne. in 1893, queen liliuokalani announced plans for a new constitution. on january 14, 1893, a group of mostly euro - american business leaders and residents formed a committee of safety to overthrow the kingdom and seek annexation by the united states. united states government minister john l. stevens, responding to a request from the committee of safety, summoned a company of u.


mostly euro - american business leaders and residents formed a committee of safety to overthrow the kingdom and seek annexation by the united states. united states government minister john l. stevens, responding to a request from the committee of safety, summoned a company of u. s. marines. as one historian noted, the presence of these troops effectively made it impossible for the monarchy to protect itself. overthrow of 1893 — the republic of hawaii ( 1894 – 1898 ) in january 1893, queen liliuokalani was overthrown and replaced by a provisional government composed of members of the committee of safety. controversy filled the following years as the queen tried to re - establish her throne. the administration of president grover cleveland commissioned the blount report, which concluded that the removal of liliuokalani was illegal. the u. s. government first demanded that queen liliuokalani be reinstated, but the provisional government refused. congress followed with another investigation, and submitted the morgan report on february 26, 1894, which found all parties ( including minister stevens ) with the exception of the queen " not guilty " from any responsibility for the overthrow. the accuracy and impartiality of both the blount and morgan reports has been questioned by partisans on both sides of the debate over the events of 1893. in 1993, a joint apology resolution regarding the overthrow was passed by congress and signed by president clinton, apologizing for the overthrow of the hawaiian kingdom. it is the first time in american history that the united states government has apologized for overthrowing the government of a sovereign nation. the first japanese immigrants arrived in hawaii in 1885 as contract laborers for the sugar cane and pineapple plantations. annexation — the territory of hawaii ( 1898 – 1959 ) after william mckinley won the presidential election in 1896, hawaii ' s annexation to the u. s. was again discussed. the previous president, grover cleveland, was a friend of queen liliuokalani. mckinley was open to persuasion by u. s. expansionists and by annexationists from hawaii. he met with three annexationists from hawaii : lorrin thurston, francis march hatch and william ansel kinney. after negotiations, in june 1897, secretary of state john sherman agreed to a treaty of annexation with these representatives of the republic of hawaii. the treaty was never ratified by the u. s. senate. instead, despite the opposition of a majority of native hawaiians, the newlands resolution was used to annex the republic to the united states and it became the territory of hawaii. the newlands resolution was passed by


by the u. s. senate. instead, despite the opposition of a majority of native hawaiians, the newlands resolution was used to annex the republic to the united states and it became the territory of hawaii. the newlands resolution was passed by the house june 15, 1898, by a vote of 209 to 91, and by the senate on july 6, 1898, by a vote of 42 to 21. in 1900, hawaii was granted self - governance and retained as the territorial capitol building. despite several attempts to become a state, hawaii remained a territory for sixty years. plantation owners and key capitalists, who maintained control through financial institutions, or " factors ", known as the " big five ", found territorial status convenient, enabling them to continue importing cheap foreign labor ; such immigration was prohibited in various states. political changes of 1954 — the state of hawaii ( 1959 – present ) in the 1950s the power of the plantation owners was finally broken by descendants of immigrant laborers. because they were born in a u. s. territory, they were legal u. s. citizens. the hawaii republican party, strongly supported by plantation owners, was voted out of office. the democratic party of hawaii dominated politics for 40 years. expecting to gain full voting rights, hawaii ' s residents actively campaigned for statehood. in march 1959, congress passed the hawaii admission act and u. s. president dwight d. eisenhower signed it into law. ( the act excluded palmyra atoll, part of the kingdom and territory of hawaii, from the new state. ) on june 27 of that year, a referendum asked residents of hawaii to vote on the statehood bill. hawaii voted 17 to 1 to accept. the choices were to accept the act or to remain a territory, without the option of independence. the united nations special committee on decolonization later removed hawaii from the united nations list of non - self - governing territories. after statehood, hawaii quickly modernized via construction and a rapidly growing tourism economy. later, state programs promoted hawaiian culture. the hawaii state constitutional convention of 1978 incorporated programs such as the office of hawaiian affairs to promote indigenous language and culture. note : hawaii was an independent nation prior to ceding its sovereignty to the united states in 1898 ; it was made a territory in 1900. on august 21, 1959, hawaii was admitted as a state and assumed its present boundaries, omitting certain small islands formerly included in the territory. census coverage has included the whole of hawaii since 1900. the hawaiian government conducted at least 9 censuses between 1850 and 1898 ;


mon july 23, 2012 new report looks at links between diseases, chemicals a new report out today provides new information about the connections between commonly - used chemicals and the prevalence of diseases. groups that advocate for safer chemicals are using the data to lobby for updates to federal legislation. the report looks at the chemicals connected to diseases like cancer, autism and learning disabilities. these problems are occurring more frequently, and kentucky environmental foundation director elizabeth crowe says there are huge loopholes in the current law that place lives at risk. “ what this law does is just allow business as usual, ” she said. “ it allows chemicals to go right from the laboratory to the store shelf without any rigorous testing. ” monica unseld is a biologist in bardstown. she says the federal government needs to enhance the toxic substances control act, which hasn ’ t been updated since 1976. “ if it were tylenol or cialis or any other pharmaceutical they have to test it, ” she said. “ but if it ’ s pesticides on our food, if it ’ s dyes they put in our food or flame retardants in our products, they can go straight to market. ” groups lobbying for safer chemicals have been championing a bill by new jersey senator frank lautenberg that updates the 1976 legislation. the bill was introduced last year, but hasn ’ t yet passed out of the senate.


- the issue - take action the blm oversees roughly 245 million acres of public land in 12 western states and 700 million acres of sub - surface mineral estate. blm lands are used for multiple purposes, including mining leases, energy development, livestock grazing and recreation. the forest service oversees 193 million acres of land in 44 states, and these lands are also used for multiple purposes, including livestock grazing, logging and recreation. the blm authorizes livestock grazing on virtually all blm land in the lower 48 states, or 157 million of the 245 million total acres. by contrast, wild horses are restricted to just 26. 6 million acres, - - just 11 percent of blm lands. horses share that small fraction of blm land with livestock, and the agency routinely allocates the majoirty of forage in designated wild horse herd management areas to livestock, not wild horses. ranchers pay $ 1. 35 per animal unit month ( aum ) to graze their livestock on blm and forest service lands. ( an aum is the amount of forage necessary to sustain 1 cow / calf pair, 1 horse or 5 sheep for a month. ) the fee is the lowest allowable under law and is about 1 / 16th of market rate, thanks to our tax subsidies. ( the average monthly lease rate for grazing on private lands in 11 western states in 2011 was $ 16. 80 per head, according to the congressional research service. ) blm issues 17, 869 permits to run livestock, authorizing a maximum of 12. 5 million aums. the forest service issues 6, 289 permits to livestock operators, authorizing a maximum of 8. 5 million aums. that ' s a combined total of more than 24, 158 permits and 21 million aums - - an equivalent of 1, 750, 000 cows or 8, 750, 000 sheep! by contrast the government has set a maximum allowable level of just 26, 500 for wild horses and burros! thanks to below - market grazing rates, the federal public lands grazing program costs taxpayers hundreds of millions annually. in addition to direct administrative costs, there are costs associated with programs to : 1 ) restore and repair of environmental damage caused by livestock grazing ; kill predators, including coyotes, mountain lions, bobcats and other carnivores, at the request of ranchers ; and 3 ) remove wild horses, which ranchers view as competition for cheap grazing on public lands. the center for biological diverstiy estimates that the federal public lands grazing program costs american


other carnivores, at the request of ranchers ; and 3 ) remove wild horses, which ranchers view as competition for cheap grazing on public lands. the center for biological diverstiy estimates that the federal public lands grazing program costs american taxpayers $ 500 million annually. as stated above, wild horses are restricted to 11 percent of blm lands. yet even on that small fraction of land designated as wild horse habitat, the blm gives away the majority of resources to livestock. in hma after hma, the blm authorizes anywhere from 3 to 20 times or more forage to private livestock than to federally protected wild horses. as a result of this unfair allocation of resources, the agency sets artificially low allowable management levels ( amls ) for wild horses and claims that the horses are overpopulating when their numbers rise above these amls. for example, an hma can have an aml of 100 and an estimated population of 300 horses and 1, 500 cattle on 150, 000 acres, and the blm will say that the horses are overpopulating and need to be removed without ever addressing the environmental damage caused by extensive livestock grazing. this policy of favoring private livestock over protecting wild horses continues despite the fact that livestock grazing on blm land is authorized solely at the discretion of the secretary of the interior, whereas protection of wild horses is mandated by an act of congress. today, as in wild horse annie ' s day, the primary enemy of the wild horse remains the livestock industry, which views wild horses as competition for cheap, taxpayer - subsidized grazing on public lands. the national cattelemen ' s beef association is a powerful presence in washington and a key force behind the continued mass removal of wild horses from public lands. the myth perpetuated by the ncba and the blm is that wild horses are overpopulating - - overruning the west. in reality, wild horses are restricted to a tiny portion of public lands in the west and are outnumbered by at least 50 - 1 by private livestock. the controversy over wild horses has raged for decades and will never be resolved until the unfair allocations of resources on our public lands is addressed. wild horses and burros must receive a fairer allocation of resources on the small amount of public land designated as their habitat and their allowable population levels must be raised. the present wild horse and burro population - - estimated to be 31, 500 wild horses and 5, 800 burros - - could easily be accommodated by modest real


blending of an eclipse image ( from the high altitude observatory ) with a yohkoh x - ray image ( from the yohkoh science team ). click on image for full size image courtesy of the high altitude observatory, national center for atmospheric research ( ncar ), boulder, colorado, the solar corona rising above the sun ' s chromosphere, the temperature jumps sharply from a few tens of thousands of kelvins to as much as a few million kelvins in the sun ' s outer atmosphere, the solar corona. understanding the reason the sun ' s corona is so hot is one of the many challenges facing solar physicists today. because of the very high temperatures, the corona emits high energy radiation and can be observed in x - rays. the earth ' s atmosphere absorbs x - rays, but satellites above the atmosphere, such as the yohkoh spacecraft, can observe the sun in these wavelengths. shown on the left is a blending of a yohkoh x - ray image ( reddish colors ) with an eclipse image taken by the high altitude observatory ( gray - white colors ) on november 3, 1994. near the poles of the sun, the corona is dark for both x - rays and white light. these regions are coronal holes and are the source of the solar wind that extends out into interplanetary space. the scattered white light shows the density of plasma in the corona. the large white regions extending out far from the sun are helmet streamers, where the solar plasma has been trapped by the sun ' s magnetic field. shop windows to the universe science store! cool it! is the new card game from the union of concerned scientists that teaches kids about the choices we have when it comes to climate change — and how policy and technology decisions made today will matter. cool it! is available in our online store you might also be interested in : the kelvin scale is a temperature scale that is often used in astronomy and space science. you are probably more familiar with the celsius ( or centigrade ) scale, which is part of the metric system of measures,... more an eclipse of the sun occurs when the earth passes through the moon ' s shadow. a total eclipse of the sun takes place when the moon is directly between the sun and the earth. when a total eclipse does... more the gas in the solar corona is at very high temperatures ( typically 1 - 2 million kelvins in most regions ) so it is almost completely in a plasma state ( made up of


from the middle ages, italy ’ s medici family was a magnet for artists and artisans, who created extraordinary works under the family ’ s generous patronage. in 1688, florence ’ s grand prince ferdinando de ’ medici hired bartolomeo cristofori, then 33 years old, to look after his collection of harpsichords. this was an important position : cristofori was paid as much as any court musician. the harpsichord of cristofori ’ s time was a well developed instrument, responsive and flexible. but it lacked one feature : variable dynamics. the harpsichord ’ s mechanism plucked the strings of the instrument. there was no practical way ( then ) to make it pluck them more gently. the only way to vary volume was to change stops or combine manuals. the possibilities for dynamic variety were fairly limited. some time in the 1690s, cristofori had a brainstorm. he realized that if he replaced the harpsichord ’ s plucking mechanism with one which struck the string instead, the force of the strike — and thus the volume of the sound — could be under complete control of the player. the idea of a keyboard instrument that struck the strings rather than plucking them wasn ’ t really new. the clavichord had existed since at least the 15th century. a clavichord had tangents fastened to the keys. instead of controlling jacks and quills which plucked the strings, the tangents themselves struck the strings inside the instrument ’ s case. the problem with the clavichord was that while it was capable of extraordinarily sensitive dynamic expression, its volume range was from almost inaudible to barely audible. let ’ s face it, the force that a keyboard player can transmit through his or her fingers is limited. the clavichord ’ s tangents couldn ’ t strike its strings hard enough to make a sound that could be heard, say, in a church sanctuary. this meant that the clavichord wasn ’ t suitable for anything other than the most intimate music - making. ( it made a magnificent instrument for late - night keyboard practice, however. ) cristofori solved this problem by adding a mechanical action. it multiplied the player ’ s string - striking force by four ( eight, in his later instruments ) and used that force to drive a hammer against the string. he also added an escapement mechanism. the escapement allowed the hammer to fall back after striking the string, so the string would keep vibrating. ( think of the


in his later instruments ) and used that force to drive a hammer against the string. he also added an escapement mechanism. the escapement allowed the hammer to fall back after striking the string, so the string would keep vibrating. ( think of the way a fine crystal goblet rings when you tap it with a spoon — as long as you don ’ t keep the spoon touching the glass after you tap it. ) cristofori called his invention " arpicimbalo che fa il piano e il forte " — harpsichord with soft and loud. today, we shorten that name a bit. we call it the piano. maybe you ’ re expecting me to say here that cristofori ’ s piano " took europe by storm " ( or some similar cliche ’! ) and almost immediately eclipsed the harpsichord. that didn ’ t happen. truth to tell, keyboard players didn ’ t like the touch. the florentine piano was harder to play, and the keys just didn ’ t feel right when pressed. they didn ’ t like the tone, either ; it was too soft, too muffled. besides, who really needed that much variety in volume anyway? it would remain for later piano makers to solve these problems. but cristofori had begun the process of breaking the harpsichord ’ s lock on public keyboard performance. it ’ s not hard to imagine that without the financial and moral support of the medici family, cristofori probably couldn ’ t have pushed keyboard technology ahead — but that ’ s another story for another day. now back to 1700, and over to naples. that ’ s when and where domenico scarlatti, one more musical member of a hugely talented musical family, was named organist and composer of the royal chapel. he was even granted a special additional salary for his work as chamber harpsichordist. domenico scarlatti was only 15 years old. two years later, scarlatti and his father alessandro made the first of two visits to florence. their host was none other than prince ferdinando de ’ medici, cristofori ’ s patron. did domenico play one or more of cristofori ’ s florentine pianos on these visits? perhaps. history doesn ’ t tell us. so far no documentation has surfaced — no letters home raving about ( or excoriating! ) the new - fangled instrument, no eyewitness reports, no newspaper articles. by 1708, domenico had joined his father in rome. there he attended the weekly concerts originated by cardinal


no letters home raving about ( or excoriating! ) the new - fangled instrument, no eyewitness reports, no newspaper articles. by 1708, domenico had joined his father in rome. there he attended the weekly concerts originated by cardinal pietro ottoboni. in 1709, prince ferdinando sent the cardinal a lavish gift from florence : one of cristofori ’ s pianos. did scarlatti play or hear that instrument? again, history doesn ’ t tell us. in 1719, scarlatti left rome, ostensibly for england. in actuality, he was on his way to lisbon, portugal, where he had a job offer — he was to be master of the royal chapel there. in lisbon he encountered an exceptionally talented royal youngster — the infanta maria barbara, who, as a contemporary report said, “ surprise [ ed ] the amazed intelligence of the most excellent professors with her mastery of singing, playing and composition. ” in january of 1729, maria barbara married ferdinando, the spanish infante. it was a rather uncomfortable union whose purpose was entirely political. maria barbara soon found herself in the hostile company of the jealous queen isabella of spain. isabella even refused to allow maria barbara to bring along her personal servants — all but one, that is : her music teacher, domenico scarlatti. during the remaining 28 years of his life, scarlatti composed and catalogued over 550 keyboard exercises for maria barbara — from 1746, queen of spain. scarlatti and the florentine piano are linked ( if only circumstantially ) at several other times and places, but what ’ s undeniable is that maria barbara herself was a point of intersection. maria barbara owned pianos. we know this because she died just over a year after scarlatti did, and at her death, her instruments were inventoried. of her dozen (! ) keyboard instruments, three were pianos, and two more were harpsichords which had been converted from pianos ( perhaps because their actions failed, or because they were judged unsatisfactory as pianos ). it thus becomes rather difficult to deny that scarlatti was acquainted with the piano. but did he play them? did he intend for maria barbara to play his sonatas on them? ralph kirkpatrick didn ’ t think so. kirkpatrick was an american harpsichordist ( 1911 – 1984 ). he had a distinguised career as a performer, but his magnum opus was his biography of domenico scarlatti. it occupied him


lexington, ky. ( wkyt ) - you ' re probably sitting on one right now - a couch made mostly of urethane and coated in flame retardants. both make up a cluster of compounds in the foam in most modern furniture. in certain amounts, it can pose serious problems. elizabeth crowe found out firsthand when she had her new couch tested. " it ' s actually one of the only pieces of furniture that i ' ve ever bought new in my life, " explained crowe. the foam in her couch was made up mostly of urethane. crow - out of curiosity from her work with the kentucky environmental foundation - had a sample of the foam tested at an out - of - state lab. what scientists found wasn ' t expected. chlorinated tris, a flame retardant the environmental protection agency describes as a probable producer of cancer, came up in testing. " hazardous flame retardants are really everywhere in our homes, " said crowe. " the flame retardants, they tend to be smaller molecules. which means they ' re more easily able to get into the blood. you can more easily inhale them. and that ' s where really the danger lies, " explained the john c. hubbard professor of chemistry at the university of kentucky, dr. john anthony, " sometimes those flame retardants can themselves pose some health risks. but it ' s an issue of weighing the issue of setting a house on fire versus the potential health risk from the flame retardant additive. " flame retardants may keep a fire from spreading sooner, but lexington fire battalion chief jeff nantz says the smoke they put out from flame retardant furniture isn ' t any easier to fight. " we don ' t notice a difference. once it ' s on fire it ' s on fire, " noted chief nantz, " the plastics and the foam and everything that makes up modern day furniture puts off such an acrid smoke and such a black sooty type smoke that you can ' t really tell exactly what is burning. " crowe isn ' t pleased with the findings, but she ' s still keeping her couch. " we can ' t shop our way out of this problem, " she says, " what we do is try to vacuum it off, try to keep the dust content to a minimum as best as we can. " getting couches tested to find out what ' s in the foam isn ' t easy because lab testing isn ' t widely available for


in mid - july this year, a roar echoed around one of the most remote inlets of northern greenland - - and an island was born. no ordinary island, but a huge chunk of ice, roughly twice the size of manhattan, that had broken from the petermann glacier. scientists gave it the romantic name of pii - 2012 and watched it begin to drift slowly into the nares strait, which separates greenland from canada. then it began to break up, spawning several smaller ice islands. the birth of pii - 2012 was no isolated event. the petermann glacier had lost a much larger chunk in 2010. it also broke into fragments, though that may not be the right word. one of them alone was estimated to weigh 3. 5 billion tonnes, or metric tons ( 3. 86 billion short tons ), according to e. julie halliday, a researcher at memorial university in canada. canada ' s ice shelves are also retreating fast. as the arctic warms, both glaciers and ice - shelves are launching floating islands into the sea that may threaten shipping, the fishing industry and off - shore oil and gas platforms. the air around northern greenland and ellesmere island has warmed by about 2. 5 degrees celsius in the past 25 years. ocean temperatures in the arctic are also thought to have risen, though there is less data on them. halliday noted in a paper presented at the arctic technology conference in houston last week that while " management of a 3. 5 billion - tonne ice island away from offshore structures may theoretically be possible, putting it into practice would be logistically very challenging. " one option, she said, would be to cover the surface of the ice island with carbon, which would accelerate its melting, but " the challenge then would become dealing with numerous smaller ice fragments as opposed to one large one. " and even a small one could be the size of a football stadium. scientists are only now beginning to research these ice islands and the rate at which they melt and divide, especially as the arctic waters warm and the restraining effect of sea ice disappears. they have been using autonomous underwater vehicles - - the undersea equivalent of surveillance drones - - to map the underside of ice islands. after the 2010 " calving " from the petermann, several fragments between them containing billions of tons of ice drifted south along the labrador coast, interfering with shipping in the strait of belle isle. one traveled 150 miles ( 240 kilometers ) in just one week. derek mueller, a researcher at carleton university in ontario,


dear word detective : today i heard two radio dj ’ s arguing over the phrase “ worth their salt. ” one dj was exclaiming that she had never heard such a phrase and therefore it never existed. now, i have heard this phrase many times, but their argument got me to thinking, where did it come from, what does it really mean? i immediately went to your website and was dismayed when i saw that it wasn ’ t here. i would be very grateful for some insight. — sarah. darn. well, there goes my hope that disk jockeys were going to lead us into a new age of enlightenment. speaking of popular media, i read last week that a certain large newspaper chain is planning to adopt something called “ crowdsourcing ” in its news - gathering operations, inviting readers to act as reporters and leaving it to the papers ’ beleaguered editors to sift the cups of wheat from the tons of chaff that will pour in over the transom. i think this is a wonderful idea, and i ’ m looking forward to lots more by - popular - demand stories about the illuminati and that so - called moon landing. oh, right, you had a question. “ to be worth one ’ s salt ” is definitely a well - established idiom, dating back to at least 1830 in english and found, for instance, in robert louis stevenson ’ s adventure classic treasure island : “ it was plain from every line of his body that our new hand was worth his salt. ” the general sense of “ worth his salt ” and similar uses is “ capable and efficient, able to handle the task at hand. ” specifically, someone who is “ worth his salt ” is a good employee, one well worth the wages paid, which brings us to a brief history of salt. although salt is one of the cheapest things found in a supermarket today ( not counting those weird store - brand pickles that taste like floor wax ), for most of human history salt was a scarce and valuable commodity, at some points more valuable than gold. salt made dull ( or “ iffy ” ) food palatable, made it possible to cure and preserve meat, and was considered a necessity of life in the ancient world. not surprisingly, the central role of salt in civilization is memorialized today in a variety of “ salty ” english idioms, including “ with a grain of salt ” ( with skepticism ) in reference to making an odd dish more palatable, and “ the salt of the earth,


american heritage® dictionary of the english language, fourth edition - adv. down the stairs : raced my friend downstairs. - adv. to or on a lower floor : waited downstairs while her parents were getting dressed. - n. the lower or main floor. - adj. located on a lower or main floor. century dictionary and cyclopedia - down the stairs ; below ; to or on a lower floor : as, he went or is down - stairs. - pertaining or relating to, or situated on, the lower floor of a house : as, he is in one of the down - stairs rooms. - adj. a floor lower than the one a speaker currently occupies. - adv. living, stepping, or coming down the stairs - n. slang the genitalia gnu webster ' s 1913 - adv. down the stairs ; to a lower floor. - adj. on or of lower floors of a building - adv. on a floor below “ the downstairs is a pile, the office is a pit, the christmas tree needs to come down, the bathroom is all but invisible under the mildew, and the kitchen is an indistinguishable heap of winter coats and surface clutter... but my bedroom is clean! ” “ we were in downstairs in the cellar where i was on a piano, paul was on the harmonium or vice versa, and we were both playing at the same time. ” “ the dining space downstairs is a bit dark and grungy. ” “ luchford apm the entire living area downstairs is open plan, with folding doors, into a spacious kitchen, where there is an aga stove and drinks bar. ” “ the joke over, and again playing the ass, i call downstairs for her to come see. ” “ last night i picked them up and carried them from the bathroom, which is carpeted, to what we call the downstairs lavatory, which is not. ” “ among the things i can ' t presently do because my commute usually runs from my bedroom to my desk downstairs is to read lots of books while waiting for the subway to ever start moving again. ” “ then downstairs is the dining area which is enclosed, but then the cooking / kitchen area is outside under a tin roof with a tarp over it. ” “ party upstairs eavesdropping on the parties downstairs is not surprised. ” “ the house was very homey ; regardless of what room you were in downstairs, you felt as though


picasso, pablo 1881 - 1973 most widely held works about pablo picasso most widely held works by pablo picasso picasso by pablo picasso ( book ) 2, 108 editions published between 1919 and 2011 in 26 languages and held by 3, 711 libraries worldwide reproduces in color more than sixty of picasso ' s masterpieces as well as lesser - known works, demonstrating the diversity and scope of his extraordinary artistic output. pablo picasso : a retrospective by pablo picasso ( book ) 17 editions published in 1980 in 3 languages and held by 2, 271 libraries worldwide contains over one thousand captioned photographs of works by the artist. pablo picasso by hans ludwig c jaffe ( book ) 43 editions published between 1964 and 2000 in 6 languages and held by 2, 035 libraries worldwide contains 40 colorplates, 65 reproductions and accompanying commentary on many of picasso ' s works. picasso by mike venezia ( book ) 9 editions published between 1988 and 2008 in english and hebrew and held by 1, 632 libraries worldwide briefly examines the life and work of the renowned twentieth - century artist, describing and giving examples from his various periods or styles. matisse picasso ( book ) 219 editions published between 1940 and 2011 in 12 languages and held by 1, 519 libraries worldwide annotation. henri matisse and pablo picasso have long been seen as the twin giants of modern art, as polar opposites but also as complementary figures. between them they are the originators of many of the most significant innovations of 20th - century painting and sculpture, but their relationship has rarely been explored in all of its closeness and complexity. in spite of their initial rivalry, the two masters eventually acknowledged one another as equals, becoming, in their old age, increasingly important to one another both artistically and personally. from the time of their initial encounters in 1906 in gertrude and leo stein ' s paris studio until 1917, they individually produced some of the greatest art of the 20th century and maintained an openly competitive relationship brimming with intense innovation. matisse picasso presents the artists ' oeuvres in groupings that reveal the affinities but also the extreme contrasts of their artistic visions. published to accompany the landmark exhibition ( a joint effort of the museum of modern art, new york ; the tate modern, london ; the reunion des musees nationaux / musee picasso, and the musee national d ' art moderne / centre georges pompidou, paris ), matisse picasso is the first major examination of the fascinating relationships between their art, their careers, and their lives. thirty - four essays


musee picasso, and the musee national d ' art moderne / centre georges pompidou, paris ), matisse picasso is the first major examination of the fascinating relationships between their art, their careers, and their lives. thirty - four essays, each by a member of the exhibition ' s curatorial team, focus on a particular moment in the artists ' evolving relationship. these texts are accompanied by an introductory history, commentary on the public perception of important artistic relationships, and an extensive chronology. picasso at 90 ; the late work by klaus gallwitz ( book ) 32 editions published between 1971 and 1985 in 5 languages and held by 1, 378 libraries worldwide picasso ' s picassos by pablo picasso ( book ) 27 editions published between 1961 and 1968 in 5 languages and held by 1, 326 libraries worldwide it presents more than 500 of the paintings, collages, sketches, and sculptures in picasso ' s massive private collection, dispersed throughout three discrete locations. the ultimate picasso by brigitte leal ( book ) 17 editions published between 1998 and 2009 in 4 languages and held by 1, 190 libraries worldwide " brigitte leal covers picasso ' s formative years from 1881 through 1916, a period that includes his invention of cubism with georges braque. christine piot explores the astonishingly fertile period from 1917 through 1952. marie - laure bernadac discusses the unabashed vigor of picasso ' s later years, from 1953 until his death in 1973. nearly 1, 235 magnificent reproductions, 798 in full color, illustrate picasso ' s breathtaking range of artistic expression, including paintings, drawings, lithographs, ceramics, and sculpture. " " picasso himself once boasted that a book would have to be written on him every day to keep up with his bursts of creativity. perhaps. but for art lovers and students seeking just one book, the ultimate picasso is unsurpassed. " - - book jacket. picasso on art : a selection of views by pablo picasso ( book ) 13 editions published between 1972 and 1996 in english and held by 1, 181 libraries worldwide je suis le cahier : the sketchbooks of picasso by pablo picasso ( book ) 14 editions published in 1986 in english and held by 1, 175 libraries worldwide catalog of an exhibition held at the pace gallery, new york, may 2 - aug. 1, 1986. bibliography : p. 347. picasso ' s war : the destruction of guernica and the masterpiece that changed the world by russell martin ( book ) 8 editions published between


pace gallery, new york, may 2 - aug. 1, 1986. bibliography : p. 347. picasso ' s war : the destruction of guernica and the masterpiece that changed the world by russell martin ( book ) 8 editions published between 2002 and 2009 in english and held by 1, 080 libraries worldwide presents the story of the town in northern spain that was attacked by hitler ' s luftwaffe in 1937, an event that inspired picasso ' s celebrated and controversial masterpiece, " guernica. " pablo picasso : 1881 - 1973 by carsten - peter warncke ( book ) 34 editions published between 1991 and 2006 in 5 languages and held by 1, 039 libraries worldwide " a pithy but thorough review of picasso ' s entire œuvre. " - - jacket. picasso and braque : pioneering cubism by william stanley rubin ( book ) 12 editions published between 1989 and 2007 in english and held by 1, 025 libraries worldwide in 1989, william s. rubin, then director emeritus of the museum of modern art ' s department of painting and sculpture, organized a groundbreaking exhibition, picasso and braque : pioneering cubism. rubin gathered over 400 paintings and sculptures by the artists for the exhibition and charted their artistic partnership from 1907 to the great war in 1914. this unscripted lecture was originally produced by the museum of modern art and checkerboard film foundation and was shown in conjucnction with the 1989 exhibition. it has been reissued to commemorate william rubin on the occasion of the 2007 exhibition, picasso cubiste, organized by museo picasso in paris. picasso - - the early years, 1892 - 1906 by pablo picasso ( book ) 5 editions published in 1997 in english and held by 1, 007 libraries worldwide georges de la tour ( 1593 - 1652 ) was one of the greatest french painters of the seventeenth century, but his art was rapidly forgotten after his death and has been rediscovered only in our own century. since the major retrospective exhibition held in paris in 1972, previously unknown paintings have continued to come to light, such as saint john the baptist in the wilderness, a moving late work discovered in 1994. the exhibition celebrated by this beautiful book presents. pablo picasso by pablo picasso ( book ) 269 editions published between 1920 and 2008 in 15 languages and held by 947 libraries worldwide examples of picasso ' s paintings from 1901 to 1954. picasso and portraiture : representation and transformation ( book ) 20 editions published between 1996 and 1997 in english and held by 891 libraries worldwide " portraiture has managed to flourish in modern painting in


worldwide examples of picasso ' s paintings from 1901 to 1954. picasso and portraiture : representation and transformation ( book ) 20 editions published between 1996 and 1997 in english and held by 891 libraries worldwide " portraiture has managed to flourish in modern painting in spite of the popularization of photography, the decline of traditional patronage, and modernism ' s increasing emphasis on abstraction. however problematic modern styles have been for representational art, painters have continued to discover new possibilities in the imaging of the human face. this book explores the challenge of the modernist portrait through the multiple solutions proposed by its foremost protagonist and, in so doing, becomes the first volume ever published on the subject of picasso and portraiture. the hundreds of works reproduced here - most of them unfamiliar, some virtually unknown - demonstrate the remarkable range of picasso ' s experimentation in all its stylistic and psychological diversity. " " the book opens with an authoritative, broad - ranging essay by william rubin ; the nine essays that follow - all by major contemporary scholars and critics - examine different periods and aspects of picasso ' s career and clarify personal relationships between the artist and his subjects. it closes with an essay by mr. rubin on the late portraits. numerous photographs, some never before published and many by outstanding photographers, present the portrait subjects as seen through the eye of the camera. " " this book, published to accompany a major exhibition at the museum of modern art, new york, opening in april 1996, no doubt will long remain the definitive work on its subject. " - - book jacket. picasso and the invention of cubism by pepe karmel ( book ) 6 editions published between 2002 and 2006 in english and held by 883 libraries worldwide picasso for vollard by pablo picasso ( book ) 94 editions published between 1937 and 2010 in 6 languages and held by 837 libraries worldwide picasso, the last years, 1963 - 1973 by gert schiff ( book ) 10 editions published in 1983 in english and held by 824 libraries worldwide picasso lithographs by pablo picasso ( book ) 16 editions published between 1949 and 1970 in french and english and held by 748 libraries worldwide art art art, french art, modern artist couples artists artists ' models art museums avant - garde ( aesthetics ) biography biography - - pictorial works braque, georges, - - 1882 - 1963 catalogs children civil war ( spain : 1936 - 1939 ) criticism, interpretation, etc. cubism demoiselles d ' avignon ( picasso, pablo ) einstein, albert, - - 1879 - 1955 exhibition catalogs france france - -


- 1963 catalogs children civil war ( spain : 1936 - 1939 ) criticism, interpretation, etc. cubism demoiselles d ' avignon ( picasso, pablo ) einstein, albert, - - 1879 - 1955 exhibition catalogs france france - - paris friendship gilot, francoise, - - 1921 - guernica ( picasso, pablo ) history influence ( literary, artistic, etc. ) juvenile works maar, dora man - woman relationships matisse, henri, - - 1869 - 1954 modernism ( art ) musee picasso ( paris, france ) new york ( state ) - - new york olivier, fernande painters painting painting, french painting, modern picasso, marina picasso, pablo, - - 1881 - 1973 pictorial works portraits prints psychology relations with women spain spain - - barcelona themes, motives women bikasu, bablu, 1881 - 1973 blasco, pablo ruiz luyisi bikasuo, babuluo, 1881 - 1973 pablo picasso 1881 - 1973 pablo ruiz y picasso 1881 - 1973 paburo pikaso 1881 - 1973 picasso,... 1881 - 1973 picasso, pablo 1881 - 1973 picasso, pablo diego jose francisco de paula juan nepomuceno crispin crispiniano de la santissima trinidad ruiz blasco 1881 - 1973 picasso, pablo ruit picasso, pablo ruiz. picasso, pablo ruiz 1881 - 1973 picasso, pablo ruiz y 1881 - 1973 picasso, pablo ruys 1881 - 1973 pikaso, pablo, 1881 - 1973 pikaso, pabura 1881 - 1973 pikaso, paburo, 1881 - 1973 pikaso, pamplo 1881 - 1973 pikaso, paulos 1881 - 1973 pikasso,... 1881 - 1973 pikasso, pablo, 1881 - 1973 pikasso, pabura 1881 - 1973 pikasso, pamplo 1881 - 1973 pikasso, paulos 1881 - 1973 ruiz blasco, pablo ruiz blasco, pablo 1881 - 1973 ruiz blasko, pablo. ruiz, pablo, 1881 - 1973 ruiz picasso, pablo ruiz - picasso, pablo 1881 - 1973 ruiz y picasso, pablo ruiz y picasso, pablo, 1881 - 1973 ruys, pablo, 1881 - 1973 ruys picasso, pablo ruys - picasso, pablo 1881 - 1973 פיקאסו, פאבלו, 1881 ־ 1973, 1881 - 1973פיקאסו, פבלו no linguistic content ( 1, 956 ) multiple languages ( 91 ) greek,


from stress to strength published october 26, 2011 06 : 20 stress is our internal response to any situation we find challenging. it is a part of life. we cannot eliminate stress but we can learn to recognize and cope with it. stress results when we have an imbalance between the demands we have to meet and the resources we have available to help us cope with those demands. everyone reacts to situations differently. what may be stressful for one person may not be for another. although we cannot change many of the things that cause stress in our lives, we do have the power to change the effect of the stress when we manage our response to the challenges that we face and we use healthy resources. we can improve our ability to cope with and respond positively to stress by using stress management skills. these skills do not eliminate stress in our lives ; when practiced regularly, they assist to reduce its negative effects. understanding the effects of stress when there is a high demand upon you and you have low control of the situation ( your resources and what you can do about it ), you will feel stress. • stress is a normal response. • with effective stress management, you can learn to successfully deal with the first stage, the alarm response, and avoid getting to more chronic states of stress that can damage your health. stages of stress | stress stages | | description | | how it feels | | alarm | | the " flight and fright " response. our necessary physiological response to stress. muscles tighten ; blood pressure and heart rate rise ; breathing rate increases. we are ready to run away or fight off danger. | | • restlessness | • nervous, worried • irritable and angry | resistance | | the stress hormones responsible for the initial alarm stage are still circulating. you may experience an increase in negative thoughts and lack of focus and concentration. | | • denial of feelings | • emotional isolation • loss of interest and motivation • loss of focus and concentration | exhaustion | | chronic exposure to stress hormones negatively affects your mental focus and tennis performance. it increases your risk of injury and of illnesses like stomach ulcers & high blood pressure. | | • loss of self confidence | • difficulty sleeping • unusual behavior / mood changes • physical injuries / illnesses you are in control of many things that will help you to handle stress better. awareness : learn and accept what your needs are. an honest awareness of your strengths and weaknesses will help. learn how stress affects you, and pay attention to your inner alarm bells. be assertive : let others know your needs clearly and


stress better. awareness : learn and accept what your needs are. an honest awareness of your strengths and weaknesses will help. learn how stress affects you, and pay attention to your inner alarm bells. be assertive : let others know your needs clearly and calmly. express your feelings openly and constructively, not aggressively. this helps to avoid a build - up of negative feelings which causes more stress. cultivate self - esteem : look alert and interested. smile. think about your good qualities and give yourself credit for what you do well. stop self criticism : high achievers are often very critical of themselves and others. negatively judging yourself or others wastes time and energy and creates stress. if you are not happy with something, work on changing what you can in a positive way. know your values : keep a sense of humor about all things. spend time with friends and loved ones. learn your limits. it ' s okay to politely say " no ". express your feelings. work on your spiritual side. plan for success : focus on the positive, what you do well. use failure as an opportunity to learn and grow. don ' t let setbacks defeat you. take time out : periodize your training. allow for days off ( no tennis, no travel ). have a holiday. make time for activities you enjoy and aim to have some fun every day. maximize opportunities : make the most of your time. learn to prioritize and to set goals. learn to be assertive. slow down, don ' t rush. listen to feedback openly, not defensively. improve your physical ability to cope : get enough sleep. follow a balanced nutrition plan. use recovery techniques like massage, stretching and hydrotherapies to keep your body healthy. practice relaxation : learn to be mindful and live in the present. learn and practice muscle relaxation ; breathing and imagery. seek help : recognize that stress can creep up on you. the contents of the health site are for informational purposes only and should not be treated as medical, psychiatric, psychological, health care or health management advice. the materials herein are not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this site. reliance on any information provided herein is solely at your own risk.


prepared by frank u. g. peck a brief history of the people and settlement of brushy ridge, west virginia, about four miles southwest of ronceverte. we will first consider the early settlers of brushy ridge, who they were and where they came from. christopher hoke, who owned a mill and stillhouse in northwest brushy ridge came from monroe county and settled in brushy ridge about 1800. he also owned a colored woman who became the wife of samuel willmer. his next wife was rachel scruggs. they toiled and struggled together for a livelihood. another early settler was mrs. whanger who lived near where edgar payne has built a home. michael rodgers, the father of ely and daniel rodgers, settled in south brushy ridge about 1840. he came from ireland. the first colored man to make a permanent home in south brushy ridge was john more, sr. he formerly belonged to gim nickell. after living in south brushy ridge awhile he bought a home in north brushy ridge and reared a large family. his heirs own the land yet. samuel moore, a brother of john moore, bought a home in south brushy ridge, moved on it and reared a large family. his heirs own the home place. in the sixties daniel c. boone came from north carolina. he married jennie moore, one of john moore ' s daughters, and lived first in south brushy ridge and worked in the tan yard for madison nickell, he finally bought a home in north brushy ridge where he reared a large family. another early settler was isaac kippers who was a renter. he also reared a large family. j. h. burdett married cathrine rodgers and they settled on a farm in south brushy ridge about the year 1872. they reared a family of thrifty children and built a nice home and accumulated considerable wealth. j. l. peck settled on brushy ridge about the year of 1876 on a plot of land formerly owned by richard smith. he has bought more land, made a nice home and reared a family. charley johnson who married harriett moore, a daughter of john moore, sr. settled in north brushy ridge about 1880. he owned his home and reared one child of his own and two adopted children. calvin curry bought a home in south brushy ridge in the eighties. he reared a large family. samuel willmer who came from the davis settlement in greenbrier county bought a farm in north brushy ridge and moved william


and two adopted children. calvin curry bought a home in south brushy ridge in the eighties. he reared a large family. samuel willmer who came from the davis settlement in greenbrier county bought a farm in north brushy ridge and moved william hubbert onto his farm about 1880. he married rachel scruggs of alderson and brought her to his home. they toiled, labored and struggled to build up a nice home and reared a large family. g. w. moore who owns a home and formerly lived in south brushy ridge is now married to samuel willmer ' s widow. they are getting along nicely on the pleasant view farm. g. w. haynes who married elizabeth haynes bought a home in south brushy ridge about 1884. he was a good mason working at his trade far and near. they toiled and struggled, built up a nice home and reared a large family. socrates haynes who married ella french of union, bought a home joining g. w. haynes. his first wife was barbra moore. they reared a large family. he was also a distinguished workman in lumber, brick and stone. albert payne, a carpenter and mason, bought a farm in south brushy ridge about 1884. he married ida duns moore of sink grove. they have toiled and labored, built up a nice home and reared a large family. benjamin white married rosa kelley and bought a home in south brushy ridge. he then sold it and bought a piece of land in north brushy ridge bordering on the river. here they have toiled, built a nice home and reared a large family. he purchased his last home about 1884. henry johnson of covington, virginia, married margaret moore about 1887. they own part of the john moore place. they have a good home. mathew moore who married cornelia wood of virginia settled on and owns a part of the john moore place. they have toiled and labored, built up a nice home and reared a large family. they settled there in the eighties. samuel gillbreath married edora bought a home in south brushy ridge in the eighties. they reared a large family. they were very industrious people. he was a good blacksmith. james m. moore bought a home in south brushy ridge about 1888. he married eliza dunsmore of sinks grove. they labored and reared a large family and built a good home. \ \ william moore bought a farm in south brushy ridge, married, reared a family, and


brushy ridge about 1888. he married eliza dunsmore of sinks grove. they labored and reared a large family and built a good home. \ \ william moore bought a farm in south brushy ridge, married, reared a family, and through labor and toil has built a nice home where he and his wife, bettie, and grandchildren are living comfortably. j. d. haynes who married lonrax moore settled in south brushy ridge 1896. they have reared a large family. he is an accomplished workman in lumber, brick, stone, and concrete. concrete construction is his main and leading occupation. john patton married and bought a home in north brushy ridge. he has built a nice home, reared a large family and is a successful farmer. about 1901 robert patton bought in south brushy ridge and settled. he bought from william hoke an earlier settler. aikin smith bought in south west brushy ridge has run a grist mill. he then built a store which he is running at present. edward morris bought a home in north brushy ridge and reared a family of two girls. miss marry married mr. disc and lives near ronceverte. miss ella married carl hoke and lives on the home place. westley hoke bought a place in north brushy ridge and reared a large family. he was one of our early settlers. sarah bland bought a home in north brushy ridge and reared a family. j. c. moore married nannie tiffany. they bought a place in north west brushy ridge about 1896 and settled there. they bought more land and now own a good home. james huffman bought some of the edward morris tract of land and lived on it awhile. it was then bought by joe fallis moore who lived on it with his family a long time. he finally moved to covington, virginia. frederick douglas bought land in north brushy ridge about 1898. he married angie boone, built a nice home and reared a large family. he is a mechanic and very progressive. frank u. g. peck married lucy boone, bought a home in north brushy ridge in 1893 and reared a large family. he is a teacher and farmer. william lucas settled north brushy ridge about 1902. he married daisy white. they have reared a large family. he is a mechanic. robert allen bought and settled in north brushy ridge 1904. he is a leading blacksmith and goes to ronceverte each day to work at his trade. george lewis married and bought a home


have reared a large family. he is a mechanic. robert allen bought and settled in north brushy ridge 1904. he is a leading blacksmith and goes to ronceverte each day to work at his trade. george lewis married and bought a home in north brushy ridge about 1902. he and his wife reared a family. gillie lewis married edward watkins and they are living at the home place. johnie fortner married martha moore. they bought a home joining the lewis place and settled on it about 1906. william scott married pearly and settled near charley johnson for awhile. he then moved his family on the river. w. j. boone married lida fortner. they lived in north brushy ridge for awhile then moved to the coal mines where they lived for 28 years. he and his family have returned to south brushy ridge and are living at the curry home. clifford curry married laura johnson about 1906. they lived at the henry johnson home until his death by accident. oliver manuel married edora moore and they lived at the samuel moore home in south brushy ridge for a number of years. they reared a family. john tiffany married onie moore. they built a home near j. c. moore ' s and are rearing a family. james e. steele came about 1897. afterwards he married sidney willmer. they have built a home near e. e. steels and are rearing a family. e. e. steel and his wife bought a home from houston steel and settled on it about 1902 where they lived nicely till 1923. james hunter moore bought a place from mr. rowlison in north west brushy ridge in 1907 where he is living and taking care of his aged father and mother. d. j. boone married della gillbreath. in 1914 he bought a home in north brushy ridge where he settled. they are rearing a family. isom gillbreath married josie manuel. they bought a home in north brushy ridge where they lived for a short while. w. t. peck married ada arnold of muddy creek and is living in north brushy ridge with his father. they have built a nice home. james stanton married zora white. they built a home near the big cliff on her father ' s place. james white married bertha arnold of muddy creek. they built a home near his father. he is a workman of distinction. they are rearing a family. lewis allen has bought a place near d. j. boone. they are rearing a family


white married bertha arnold of muddy creek. they built a home near his father. he is a workman of distinction. they are rearing a family. lewis allen has bought a place near d. j. boone. they are rearing a family. harvy gillbreath bought a home in south brushy ridge where he and his mother are living now. john lovings married cora manuel. he has bought a place in north brushy ridge and is preparing to build. walker moore married emma long. they are buying the daniel boone place in north brushy ridge and are rearing a family. edgar payne married miss alice of new york. he built a nice home in south brushy ridge where they are living and rearing a family. allen haynes married emma moore and bought the socrates hayne ' s property in south brushy ridge where he and his wife are living and rearing a family. simpson moore married nancy burke. they are living at the j. m. moore home. oscar willmer married mazie haynes. they live at j. d. haynes. lacy moore married josie boone. they live sometimes at william moore ' s and sometimes on the river. alphia boone married bula dickerson. they have lived here but now live down on the river. the following are transit population of brushy ridge. richard peck, anderson bundy, peter jones, housten kipper, henry grayson, william hale and masfield haynes, scruggs and mary white. the church and school have played an important part in the development of brushy ridge. each began about a half century ago. today we have two churches and a graded school. brushy ridge where sixty years ago the panther was a skulking visitor, the bear growled, the wolf yelped, the wildcat and catamount screamed, and the owl hooted has become highly developed and modernized. many young people have gone away to higher institutions of learning and are making good in the various walks of life. community histories index


using public and private funds to provide grants and operate programs, the west virginia humanities council is the principal organization promoting the humanities in west virginia. the humanities council was created june 25, 1974, at the encouragement of the national endowment for the humanities. reflecting the neh ’ s original purposes, the council was first incorporated as the committee for humanities and public policy and focused on making grants for programs that applied the humanities to discussions of public policy by adults. since then the council has broadened its activities, expanded the range of its target population to include all west virginians, and diversified its sources of funding. the council is a nonprofit corporation, not an agency of government. from modest beginnings funded entirely by federal dollars, the council has grown to an annual budget of more than $ 1. 5 million, most of which comes from public and private sources in west virginia. the cornerstone of the council ’ s work continues to be the grants it awards to educational institutions, museums, public broadcasting, historical societies, and others. major educational activities undertaken by the council itself include traveling exhibits, the enactment of historic figures, and periodic lectures. the annual betsy k. mccreight lecture in the humanities features leading national scholars and authors, and the annual charles h. daugherty award in the humanities recognizes the contributions of individual west virginians to the humanities. the west virginia humanities council is the publisher of the west virginia encyclopedia, which has now been published in both print and an online version. since 2000, the council has been headquartered at the historic macfarland - hubbard house in charleston. the house was added to the national register of historic places in 1979. read the national register nomination. this article was written by charles h. daugherty last revised on january 28, 2013


wilmington, nc ( wway ) - - doggie discrimination? it ' s a phenomenon some animal shelters face. it turns out, some people overlook dogs because of the color of their fur. " the black, brown, big dog syndrome is a nationwide issue with animal shelters, ' cause these are dogs that are normally overlooked because of their color and their size, " onslow county animal services director alan davis said. in onslow county, the problem is so bad, animal services has cut its adoption fee for black and brown dogs by nearly $ 100. it ' s not like that in new hanover county. shelter supervisor nancy ryan says black and brown dogs are not usually the first to go, but that doesn ' t mean they ' re left homeless. " we adopt them out, maybe not as quickly as the small breeds and the puppies, but we do adopt them, " ryan said. some animal rescue groups say there may be another reason why black dogs often get overlooked. with many people looking for pets online, black dogs are at a disadvantage. " their features aren ' t as prominent, " said sheryl sblendorio with schnauzer rescue of the carolinas. " you can ' t appreciate their eyes, shape of their ears, line of their body. i just think they almost black out. " while there are no hard statistics that this syndrome exists, experts say there is plenty of anecdotal evidence. in the meantime, many black and brown dogs are living in the shadows of their lighter - colored counterparts. onslow county has reduced its adoption fee on brown, black and large dogs to $ 50 through the end of the month. davis says so far, this had been quite successful.


environmental protection agency ( epa ) assistant administrator for water, benjamin grumbles, celebrated 30 years of progress under the safe drinking water act today at the clayton county, georgia water authority. the assistant administrator visited the clayton county water authority to see how the utility is using innovative technology for making drinking water safer in the 21st century. " we salute the safe drinking water act and the many americans who work hard to make sure our water is safe to drink, " grumbles said. " we can all help – by working within our own communities to prevent contamination in the lakes, rivers, streams, and underground aquifers that are the source of our water supply. " grumbles praised the clayton county water authority for taking action to go beyond regulatory requirements in ensuring that their customers have access to safe drinking water. in addition to conventional treatment, the authority uses ultraviolet disinfection at all of their treatment plants to provide greater removal of microbial pathogens that can negatively impact human health by causing gastrointestinal illness. throughout 2005, epa will recognize the anniversary of the act by conducting a campaign focused on four themes : " community water systems : the backbone of public health ; " " protecting sources of drinking water ; " " public involvement in safe drinking water ; " and " planning for the future. " visit www. epa. gov / safewater / sdwa / 30th to view fact sheets created in commemoration of the anniversary and for updates on events and activities.