home child ” by bryan d. cook and “ john harold russell : a home child success ” by joyce c. fingland. “ finding dorothy ” by judy hassall, the british columbia genealogist, march 2007, pp. 35 - 38. “ childhood lost : the story of canada ’ s home children ” documentary, directed by donna davies. produced by cellar door and ocean entertainment, 2004. shown on knowledge network, sept 2008. websites and mailing lists : british home children descendants : http : / / www. britishhomechildren. org / the golden bridge ( scottish child emigration ) : home children, canadian genealogy centre : http : / / www. collectionscanada. gc. ca / genealogie / 022 - 908. 009 - e. html home children project, british isles family history society of greater ottawa ( bifhsgo ) : http : / / www. bifhsgo. ca / home _ children. htm young immigrants to canada, marjorie p. kohli : http : / / ist. uwaterloo. ca / ~ marj / genealogy / homeadd. html the british home children, perry snow, author of neither waif nor stray : home children, carol russell, tweetybird ’ s genealogy : http : / / freepages. genealogy. rootsweb. ancestry. com / ~ tweetybirdgenealogy / homechild. html emigration, see section 18 - child emigration, national archives of the u. k. : child emigration, your archives, national archives of the u. k. : http : / / yourarchives. nationalarchives. gov. uk / index. php? title = child _ emigration home children, olive tree genealogy : http : / / www. olivetreegenealogy. com / can / ont / homekids. shtml “ thy children own their birth : diasporic genealogies and the descendants of canada ' s home children ” by andrew morrison, 2006. phd thesis, university of nottingham, england. full text available on - line : http : / / etheses. nottingham. ac. uk / archive / 00000276 britishhomechildren rootsweb e - mailing list : http : / / lists. rootsweb. ancestry. com / index / intl / can / britishhomechildren. html ‘ child emigration ’ agencies barnardo ’ s – making connections


rootsweb e - mailing list : http : / / lists. rootsweb. ancestry. com / index / intl / can / britishhomechildren. html ‘ child emigration ’ agencies barnardo ’ s – making connections : http : / / www. barnardos. org. uk / fosteringandadoption / fosteringandadoption _ resources / fosteringandadoption _ making _ connections. htm barnardo ’ s photo archive : http : / / www. barnardos. org. uk / resources / photo _ archive. htm quarrier ’ s, genealogy : http : / / www. quarriers. org. uk / about / genealogy fairbridge farm school, fintry, bc : http : / / www. fintry. ca / history / fairbridge. php ‘ home children ’ research resources note * some records may be restricted, for example, to proven direct descendants only. some research may involve a fee. the national archives of the uk - home office, poor law union and board of governor records ( some available at local archives, including workhouse records ). also passenger lists, outbound ( see http : / / www. ancestorsonboard. com / ) university of liverpool, special collections - national childrens homes, barnardo ’ s and fairbridge society records barnardo ’ s - case files, including some for macpherson and marchmont children, 1882 - 1939. fee for search and copies. catholic children ’ s society archives – records of homes and emigration, registers of roman catholic workhouse children, 1870 - 1920 ; generally 100 year closure rule fegan ’ s homes - contact douglas fry ( firstname. lastname @ example. org ) for an initial search of his canadian home records database. nominal fee. library and archives canada – inbound passenger lists, home children database, copies of inspection reports of the immigration branch central registry ( 1892 - 1946 ) and the juvenile inspection reports ( mainly 1920s – see index on tweetybird genealogy ), and also the middlemore home records ( see bifhsgo website for index ) archives of british columbia – various records of fairbridge farm schools in b. c. for example, administration 1935 - 1961 – case files of “ student trainees ”, pages from punishment book ( 1944 - 46 cowichan station ), files of the fairbridge alumni association and the old fairbridgian association ( 1935 - 51 ). also copies of some federal files. also u.


trainees ”, pages from punishment book ( 1944 - 46 cowichan station ), files of the fairbridge alumni association and the old fairbridgian association ( 1935 - 51 ). also copies of some federal files. also u. k. and canadian newspapers – for instance, ‘ newspaper clippings regarding home children ’ tweetybird genealogy : and the publications of each group involved, for example, the canadian barnardo magazine “ ups and downs ” ( see tweetybird genealogy for a list of known copies ) and the fegan ’ s homes newsletters ( being reprinted & indexed – see global genealogy : http : / / globalgenealogy. com / countries / canada / home - children / resources / 101041. htm ) for more research information, see young immigrants to canada, marg kohli : http : / / ist. uwaterloo. ca / ~ marj / genealogy / homeadd. html home children, canadian genealogy centre : http : / / www. collectionscanada. gc. ca / genealogy / 022 - 908. 009 - e. html new lives for old by roger kershaw and janet sacks. ( includes also information on british child emigration to australia and on world war ii child evacuees ) for more historical information, see various reports concerning home children on microform from canadiana. org ( previously the canadian institute for historical microreproductions ). a few available free at early canadiana online, for instance, “ canadian homes for london wanderers ” by annie macpherson ( original - london : morgan, chase & scott : [ 1870? ] ) : http : / / www. canadiana. org / eco. php - maria rye buys property at niagara on the lake. 1869 - rye brings first group on the ‘ hibernian ’ - 100, aged 5 to 11. 1870 - annie macpherson brings 2 boys to canada ; marchmont home at belleville, ontario set up. - father nugent brings 35 children to canada – 2 girls are 8 ; most 10 - 16. 1872 - marchmont ’ s blair atholl farm opens at galt, ontario. 1872 - first group of quarrier children to canada – 64 boys. 1873 - first group of middlemore children to canada – 29 children. 1873 - first stephenson group of children to canada – 35 boys & 14 girls. 1874 - local government board in britain appoints andrew doyle to report on inspections. many concerns covered in


1873 - first group of middlemore children to canada – 29 children. 1873 - first stephenson group of children to canada – 35 boys & 14 girls. 1874 - local government board in britain appoints andrew doyle to report on inspections. many concerns covered in british papers. abt 1878 - all quarrier and some other scottish, and later barnardo children go through marchmont homes. ellen agnes bilbrough in charge. ( home closed 1925. ) 1883 - first group of barnardo children to canada – 72 girls – one is four years old. 1884 - fegan ’ s first group of childen to canada – 10 boys, then same year 50 more. 1887 - barnardo farm set up at russell, manitoba. 1888 - southwark catholic emigration society opens home in ottawa, ontario. 1895 - george everitt green, barnardo boy, found dead in owen sound, ontario, inquest – cause : neglect, starvation, violence. manslaughter trial – no decision? 1896 - barnardo home in winnipeg, manitoba opens. 1897 - ontario passes ‘ act to regulate the immigration into ontario of certain classes of children ’ – requires licensing and inspection four times a year. - catholic emigration society opens farm at makinak, manitoba. 1903 - catholic emigration association formed – after a fact finding mission and report, sees spiritual, moral and material advantages for child emigrants to canada. 1915 - 1920 - no organized child emigration. 1920 - british child emigration resumes – 581 children sent away. 1922 - empire settlement act – britain and canada agree to pay $ 40 towards cost of sending each child overseas. 1924 - canada – order in council prohibits unaccompanied emigrants under 14. 1935 - fairbridge prince of wales fairbridge farm school opens at cowichan station, british columbia. 1938 - fairbridge farm at fintry in b. c. ’ s okanagan opens. 1938 - last? quarrier group arrives on the ‘ duchess of bedford ’. 1948 - fintry farm closes. 1948 - last ‘ barnardo boy ’ arrives by air. 1949 - all fairbridge farm schools close.


nail problems and injuries minor fingernail and toenail problems are common. at one time or another, almost everyone has caught a nail on something, causing it to rip, or has smashed a finger in a door, leaving blood under the nail. these kinds of injuries can be quite painful but are usually not serious. you can often relieve pain and prevent infection of minor nail problems at home. normally, fingernails grow about one - tenth of a millimeter each day. toenails grow at about one - half or one - third the rate of the fingernails. aging and diseases that decrease blood flow to the hands and feet may slow nail growth. common nail changes include : - splitting, peeling, or brittle nails. these are common problems that develop when your hands are frequently exposed to water, strong soaps, and other chemicals. you may be able to prevent some of these problems if you use lotion and avoid repeatedly putting your hands in water. - little white marks ( leukonychia ) often appear after minor injuries. they may last for weeks or months and usually go away on their own. - it is common for a nail to turn black after an injury. the black or purple - black color is caused by blood under the nail and will go away as the injury heals. - black, brown, or purple discoloration under a nail that has not been injured may be caused by melanoma. - changes in the shape or texture of nails, which may occur for a variety of reasons. some nail changes, such as the formation of ridges, are normal with aging. thick, brittle, or dark nails are more common in older adults who have poor circulation. - ingrown nails, which are often caused by improper trimming, tight shoes, or heredity. your nails may grow into the surrounding skin, causing pain, swelling, and infection. in rare cases, an abscess may develop under a nail ( subungual abscess ). - separation from the nail bed. once your nail separates from its nail bed, for whatever reason, it will not reattach. nails grow back slowly. it takes about 6 months for fingernails and up to 18 months for toenails to grow back attached to the nail bed. - infection and allergic reactions. these are common problems caused by artificial nails. - fungal nail infections, which can vary in appearance depending on the type of fungus infecting the nail or the location of the infection. it is not unusual for fungal nail infections to follow athlete ' s


these are common problems caused by artificial nails. - fungal nail infections, which can vary in appearance depending on the type of fungus infecting the nail or the location of the infection. it is not unusual for fungal nail infections to follow athlete ' s foot infections. for more information, see the topic fungal nail infections. nail problems can also be caused by : - an injury to a nail. - hangnails, which may lead to a minor infection next to your nails ( paronychia ), causing the skin around the nails to become swollen and tender. - nail - biting, which can lead to fingertips that are red and sore and cuticles that bleed. nail - biting also increases the chance of bacterial infections around your nail beds and in your mouth. - side effects of medicines, such as chemotherapy and antimalarial medicines. - diseases of the skin, such as psoriasis and eczema. - skin growths, such as warts, cysts, and moles. - other diseases such as addison ' s disease, peripheral arterial disease, and hiv infection. check your symptoms to decide if and when you should see a doctor. home treatment can help relieve pain, prevent infection, and promote healing. to relieve pain from an injury to the nail, try the following : - apply ice and elevate the injured nail area as soon as possible after the injury. - trim a torn or detached nail, and tape the nail in place. - drain blood from under the nail. note : do not drain blood from under your nail if you have diabetes, peripheral arterial disease, or an immune system problem, or if you think a bone is broken. consider trying home treatment for the following problems : - an ingrown toenail - a hangnail - problems with an artificial nail - a weak, brittle, or splitting nail - an infection of the skin around a nail | try a nonprescription medicine to help treat your fever pain : | talk to your child ’ s doctor before switching back and forth between doses of acetaminophen and ibuprofen. when you switch between two medicines, there is a chance your child will get too much medicine. | be sure to follow these safety tips when you use a nonprescription medicine : | symptoms to watch for during home treatment call your doctor if any of the following occur during home treatment : - signs of infection develop. - symptoms become more severe or frequent despite home treatment. to prevent common nail problems : - apply hand cream frequently throughout the


symptoms to watch for during home treatment call your doctor if any of the following occur during home treatment : - signs of infection develop. - symptoms become more severe or frequent despite home treatment. to prevent common nail problems : - apply hand cream frequently throughout the day. be sure to massage the cream into the nail and cuticle. - wear gloves when you are working in your garden or when the weather turns cold. - wear cotton - lined rubber gloves or disposable plastic gloves to protect your hands from overexposure to water, detergents, and other chemicals. - trim your fingernails weekly, after bathing, when they - do not trim nails too short. - use an emery board and sharp manicure scissors or clippers to trim your fingernails. nails that are smooth and well - cared for are less likely to become damaged. trim toenails monthly, after bathing. - cut them straight across and leave the nails a little longer at the corners so that the sharp ends don ' t cut into your skin. - if you have a chronic disease, such as diabetes, peripheral arterial disease, or a disease that causes problems with your immune system, discuss with your doctor the best way to trim your toenails before trimming them yourself. - be especially careful when trimming your baby ' s nails. - avoid trimming your cuticles. even a minor cut alongside your nail can cause infection. - do not bite or pick at your nails. to prevent a fungal nail infection : - keep your feet clean and dry. dry feet are less likely to become infected. apply powder to your feet when needed. - wear clean, dry socks. change your socks once a day or more frequently if they become wet. - wear roomy shoes that allow air to circulate around your feet. - wear shower sandals or shower shoes when you use public pools, spas, and showers. to prevent problems with artificial nails : - test for a reaction to the artificial nail by having just one nail applied. wait several days to see whether redness, itching, pain, or rash around or under the nail or separation of the nail from the nail bed develops. - do not apply an artificial nail if the nail or the skin around the nail looks irritated or infected. - if an artificial nail does separate from the nail bed, dip your fingertip into rubbing alcohol for 15 seconds before reattaching the artificial nail. this will clean the space between the nails. - do not wear artificial nails for longer than 3 months at a time


nail does separate from the nail bed, dip your fingertip into rubbing alcohol for 15 seconds before reattaching the artificial nail. this will clean the space between the nails. - do not wear artificial nails for longer than 3 months at a time. give your natural nails a month to rest before reapplying artificial nails. preparing for your appointment to prepare for your appointment, see the topic making the most of your appointment. you can help your doctor diagnose and treat your condition by being prepared to answer the following questions : - when did your nail problem begin? - was there an injury? - have you had a nail problem like this in the past? if so, how was it treated? - did you try any home treatment? if so, what? did it help? - has anything improved your nail problem or made it worse? - are you taking any medicines? - do you have any health risks? | primary medical reviewer | | william h. blahd, jr., md, facep - emergency medicine | | specialist medical reviewer | | h. michael o ' connor, md - emergency medicine | | last revised | | october 12, 2010 | last revised : october 12, 2010 to learn more visit healthwise. org © 1995 - 2012 healthwise, incorporated. healthwise, healthwise for every health decision, and the healthwise logo are trademarks of healthwise, incorporated.


- tumor grade is the description of a tumor based on how abnormal the tumor cells and tumor tissue look under a microscope. - tumor grade is an indicator of how quickly the tumor is likely to grow and spread. - tumor grading systems differ depending on the type of cancer. - tumor grade may be one of the factors considered when planning treatment for a patient. what is tumor grade? tumor grade is the description of a tumor based on how abnormal the tumor cells and the tumor tissue look under a microscope. it is an indicator of how quickly a tumor is likely to grow and spread. if the cells of the tumor and the organization of the tumor ’ s tissue are close to those of normal cells and tissue, the tumor is called “ well - differentiated. ” these tumors tend to grow and spread at a slower rate than tumors that are “ undifferentiated ” or “ poorly differentiated, ” which have abnormal - looking cells and may lack normal tissue structures. based on these and other differences in microscopic appearance, doctors assign a numerical “ grade ” to most cancers. the factors used to determine tumor grade can vary between different types of cancer. tumor grade is not the same as the stage of a cancer. cancer stage refers to the size and / or extent ( reach ) of the original ( primary ) tumor and whether or not cancer cells have spread in the body. cancer stage is based on factors such as the location of the primary tumor, tumor size, regional lymph node involvement ( the spread of cancer to nearby lymph nodes ), and the number of tumors present. more information about staging is in the nci fact sheet cancer staging. how is tumor grade determined? if a tumor is suspected to be malignant, a doctor removes all or part of it during a procedure called a biopsy. a pathologist ( a doctor who identifies diseases by studying cells and tissues under a microscope ) then examines the biopsied tissue to determine whether the tumor is benign or malignant. the pathologist also determines the tumor ’ s grade and identifies other characteristics of the tumor. the nci fact sheet pathology reports describes the type of information that can be found in a pathologist ’ s report about the visual and microscopic examination of tissue removed during a biopsy or other surgery. how are tumor grades classified? grading systems differ depending on the type of cancer. in general, tumors are graded as 1, 2, 3, or 4, depending on the amount of abnormality. in grade 1 tumors, the tumor cells and the organization of the tumor tissue


? grading systems differ depending on the type of cancer. in general, tumors are graded as 1, 2, 3, or 4, depending on the amount of abnormality. in grade 1 tumors, the tumor cells and the organization of the tumor tissue appear close to normal. these tumors tend to grow and spread slowly. in contrast, the cells and tissue of grade 3 and grade 4 tumors do not look like normal cells and tissue. grade 3 and grade 4 tumors tend to grow rapidly and spread faster than tumors with a lower grade. if a grading system for a tumor type is not specified, the following system is generally used ( 1 ) : what are some of the cancer type - specific grading systems? breast and prostate cancers are the most common types of cancer that have their own grading systems. breast cancer. doctors most often use the nottingham grading system ( also called the elston - ellis modification of the scarff - bloom - richardson grading system ) for breast cancer ( 1 ). this system grades breast tumors based on the following features : - tubule formation : how much of the tumor tissue has normal breast ( milk ) duct structures - nuclear grade : an evaluation of the size and shape of the nucleus in the tumor cells - mitotic rate : how many dividing cells are present, which is a measure of how fast the tumor cells are growing and dividing each of the categories gets a score between 1 and 3 ; a score of “ 1 ” means the cells and tumor tissue look the most like normal cells and tissue, and a score of “ 3 ” means the cells and tissue look the most abnormal. the scores for the three categories are then added, yielding a total score of 3 to 9. three grades are possible : - total score = 3 – 5 : g1 ( low grade or well differentiated ) - total score = 6 – 7 : g2 ( intermediate grade or moderately differentiated ) - total score = 8 – 9 : g3 ( high grade or poorly differentiated ) prostate cancer. the gleason scoring system is used to grade prostate cancer ( 1 ). the gleason score is based on biopsy samples taken from the prostate. the pathologist checks the samples to see how similar the tumor tissue looks to normal prostate tissue. both a primary and a secondary pattern of tissue organization are identified. the primary pattern represents the most common tissue pattern seen in the tumor, and the secondary pattern represents the next most common pattern. each pattern is given a grade from 1 to 5, with 1 looking the most like normal prostate tissue and 5 looking the


. the primary pattern represents the most common tissue pattern seen in the tumor, and the secondary pattern represents the next most common pattern. each pattern is given a grade from 1 to 5, with 1 looking the most like normal prostate tissue and 5 looking the most abnormal. the two grades are then added to give a gleason score. the american joint committee on cancer recommends grouping gleason scores into the following categories ( 1 ) : - gleason x : gleason score cannot be determined - gleason 2 – 6 : the tumor tissue is well differentiated - gleason 7 : the tumor tissue is moderately differentiated - gleason 8 – 10 : the tumor tissue is poorly differentiated or undifferentiated how does tumor grade affect a patient ’ s treatment options? doctors use tumor grade and other factors, such as cancer stage and a patient ’ s age and general health, to develop a treatment plan and to determine a patient ’ s prognosis ( the likely outcome or course of a disease ; the chance of recovery or recurrence ). generally, a lower grade indicates a better prognosis. a higher - grade cancer may grow and spread more quickly and may require immediate or more aggressive treatment. the importance of tumor grade in planning treatment and determining a patient ’ s prognosis is greater for certain types of cancer, such as soft tissue sarcoma, primary brain tumors, and breast and prostate cancer. patients should talk with their doctor for more information about tumor grade and how it relates to their treatment and prognosis. american joint committee on cancer. ajcc cancer staging manual. 7th ed. new york, ny : springer ; 2010.


“ … first, to understand what life is, we must understand how we identify it. evolutionary psychologists claim that we distinguish living and non - living things only because it confers a genetic advantage. animals need to know what to count as predator or prey – they cannot afford to waste time running away from rocks. the human tendency to err on the side of caution – the coats in the cupboard become a terrifying monster – is a throwback to our evolutionary heritage when failure to recognize sleeping lions as alive could be fatal. because of the obvious survival - advantage of life - recognition, psychologist steven pinker argues that we possess a ‘ folk biology, ’ analogous to folk psychology : “ the distinction between living and non - living things is appreciated early, perhaps before the first birthday. the cut originally takes the form of a difference between inanimate objects that move around according to the rules of billiard ball physics and objects like people and animals that are self - propelled. ” experiments by psychologist frank keil demonstrate that toddlers shown a toy bird being covered in real feathers and filled with ‘ avian - insides ’ always say it is still non - living. despite lifelike cosmetic changes, it still lacks a critical something to make it a real bird. we can conclude that in the same way that we think of other humans as possessing minds, we think of other living things as possessing some quality which makes them living. this, i believe, is the origin of haldane ’ s intuition. the philosophy of vitalism values this intuition as the best tool to define life, arguing that every life - form is made living by a something special, an ‘ oomph, ’ which we cannot reduce to mechanical laws. haldane himself said : “ it is life we are studying in biology, and not phenomena which can be represented by the causal conceptions of physics and chemistry. ” life, being self - propelled, was somehow beyond physics – this idea led philosopher henri bergson to posit a new vital - force of life located in the cell cytoplasm. in the early twentieth century, however, cytoplasm was revealed to be governed by the same laws as any chemical – no magical ‘ oomph ’ was ever found. and no wonder! it is an easy explanation which explains nothing ; a hazy tautology – vital - force is the thing that makes living things living – designed simply to justify our intuitions. ultimately haldane came to reject vitalism, preferring to see life as a multifaceted phenomenon. this


explains nothing ; a hazy tautology – vital - force is the thing that makes living things living – designed simply to justify our intuitions. ultimately haldane came to reject vitalism, preferring to see life as a multifaceted phenomenon. this appealed to philosopher henry woodger who urged scientists to abandon the word life, instead sticking to listing the properties of living organisms. the laboured definition has now become paradigmatic, turning biologists away from the big philosophical questions concerning life. this is seen in the introduction to most biology textbooks. but the problem with the listing method is that it pretends to tell us what life is, but really only gives us a shopping list of things to look for in living things, ignoring the deeper question of how these properties make things living. furthermore, lists almost always disagree, being dependent on the author ’ s personal prejudices. hiding behind our intuition, steven pinker says, is a subjective tick - box of properties which the professional biologist merely couches in technical language. the most important of these properties is the idea that each life - form, besides being self - propelled, contains an essence – a caterpillar may change into a chrysalis, and then into a butterfly, but despite these huge anatomical changes we feel it is still the same animal. non - living objects lack this essential identity which goes unchanged during the life - cycles of living things. taxonomist ernst mayr believes that essentialism is just as dangerous as vitalism when defining life. he blames plato ’ s perfect forms and their overbearing influence on western philosophy. we divide organisms into broad taxonomic categories, specifying the ideal ( average! ) ant or panda – knowledge we can then use to generalize and make predictions about nature. but therein lies the rub : mayr says “ generalizations in biology are almost invariably of a probabilistic nature. ” science, as a product of our essentialist intuitions, has been dominated by the search for strict definitions and universal laws. when defining life, however, we must embrace what mayr calls ‘ population thinking. ’ we must see each individual in the population as unique, rejecting the idea of the typical tiger. because “ variation is attributed to the imperfect manifestation of the underlying essences, ” many intuitive essentialists struggle to accept evolution by natural selection. consider the creationists ’ mocking demands for a ‘ fronkey ’, halfway between frog and monkey – they see species as inviolate categories. they imagine evolutionary change as being a pokemon - like transformation


##ting information in the form of rna. natural selection can operate on that information favouring in the end the development of cell - walls and all the paraphernalia of life : “ macros gradually built up [ the ] ‘ molecular toolkit ’ that living cells used to recreate themselves, while also building around themselves the sorts of structures that became, in due course, the protective membranes of the first prokaryotic cells. ” this theory – or at least the underlying mechanism – chemists say, is our best plausible explanation of the origin of life. for philosophers investigating life, however, the interesting fact is that evolution by ‘ macros ’ is purported to have taken almost one billion years. thus we have a huge temporal fuzzy zone between matter we would definitely call non - living and prokaryotes we would certainly call living. dennett calls the macros ‘ quasi - living ’ – but are they 99 %, 50 % or 20 % living? the question is absurd. yet, if we take vitalism seriously, we are obliged to ask it – if living things are driven by pure ‘ oomph, ’ quasi - living things must have some fraction of that ‘ oomph! ’ the evolutionary model of the origin of life says that there is no exact cut - off from non - living to living, implying that whatever defines life cannot have just appeared ; it must have evolved. the consequences of this for our understanding of life are enormous. if we can ’ t clearly separate living and non - living matter in time, why should we be able to do it in space? this calls for a far looser concept of life, derived from those pre - biotic macros. ”


a doctor recounts the story of an old priest who found consolation in the hospice section of a hospital for the alleviation of pain from cancer. his father had died when he was only two years old so he doesn ' t remember his father. this left him alone with his mother. the church in the village was the refuge for the mother, and the son also grew close to the church community. one of his relatives was a religious sister and the thought did come to him of entering the priesthood and in high school this became his decision. he often said it was the prayers of his mother that enabled him to become a priest. a picture taken together with his mother when he entered the seminary is in his wallet and in a frame that continues to be on his desk at home. his mother was his father, teacher, friend and sweetheart. the person who would have been the happiest on the day of his ordination. but she collapsed suddenly two month before his ordination and died shortly after. now in the hospital he would frequently call out to his mother when experiencing pain, wrote his attending doctor in the culture of life column of the peace weekly. medically there was no more that could be done. the cancer had spread throughout the body and there was no medical way of controlling the pain. this is difficult, the doctor said, not only for the patient but for all those who are taking care of the patient. this common occurrence is frustrating for the medical profession and leaves most doctors with a feeling of helplessness. recounts the greek myth of alcyone and ceyx. the husband ceyx went on a trip by boat and did not return. alcyone went to the port daily waiting for his return and praying to the gods for his safe return. one of the gods felt sorry for alcyone whose husband had died in a shipwreck, so he had morpheus make her husband appear in a dream that would make clear what had happened to him. with this news she went back to the ocean and prayed for his heavenly bliss. during the priest ' s pastoral days, whenever his mother was mentioned, all the christians knew that tears would come to the priest ' s eyes. when he was diagnosed with cancer and became weak, the thought of his mother came often. when he was in pain he used to say that his mother would appear to him in a dream. only when he relied on morphine that he was able to rid himself of the pain of cancer and get some sleep. it was at that time that the expression on his


amnesty international, a human rights organization that used to be abortion neutral, is now using the problem of maternal mortality to advocate for abortion. in a new report, ostensibly on medical care for maternal health, amnesty calls on governments to repeal abortion laws and conscience protection for medical workers who may object. they also call for public health systems to train and equip health care providers to perform abortions. amnesty ’ s “ maternal health is a human right ” campaign focuses attention on four countries : sierra leone, burkina faso, peru, and the united states. amnesty argues that maternal mortality will decrease if it is treated as a human rights issue, if costs to health care are covered by governments, and if a right for women to control their reproductive and sex lives is established. the united states ’ maternal mortality ratio is only 21 deaths per 100, 000 live births compared to burkina faso ’ s 300 and sierra leone ’ s 890 deaths per 100, 000 births. the amnesty ’ s report that in sierra leone, burkina faso, and peru, that women face death because of inadequate medical conditions and corruption. but then the report goes further arguing that abortion is needed, too. even though amnesty says the united states has the best health care system in the world, the group urges that abortion services be expanded and obstacles eliminated, including what they call racial and cost barriers. they say abortion services are restricted for native americans and women on medicaid since abortions are only paid for by the government in cases of rape, incest, or when the woman ’ s life is in danger. these women can still obtain an abortion, but it would not be covered by federal insurance. amnesty takes issue with restraints on abortion, including conscience clauses and laws that allow health care providers and institutions to decline to commit an abortion if it is against their religious or moral beliefs. elsewhere amnesty has called for small steps towards the legalization of abortion. the group submitted a report to the un committee on the convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women ( cedaw ) calling for the legalization of abortion in mexico for women who are pregnant as a result of rape or incest. according to its official position, “ amnesty international believes that where women ’ s access to safe and legal abortion services and information is restricted, their fundamental human rights may be at grave risk. ” at the time amnesty changed its position, many long - time catholic supports left the group and at least one vatican cardinal called upon catholics no longer to support the group. in the intervening years amnesty has become an


haganah ( ' the defense ' ) 1936... the revolt of the palestinian arab masses in 1936 made berlin re - think the implications of their pro - zionist policies. intense unrest had been aroused in october 1935 by the discovery of weapons in a cement cargo bound for tel aviv, and the situation became feverish in november when shaykh izz al - din al - qassam, a popular muslim preacher, took to the hills with a guerrilla band. british troops soon killed him, but his funeral developed into a passionate demonstration. the crisis dragged on for months before it finally exploded on the night of 15 april 1936, when a remnant of qassam ’ s band stopped traffic on the tulkarm road, robbing travellers and killing two jews. two arabs were slain in reprisal the next night. the funeral of the jews turned into a right - wing zionist demonstration and the crowd started marching on arab jaffa. the police opened fire, four jews were shot and, again, arabs were attacked on the streets of tel aviv in retaliation. a counter - march soon started for tel aviv. the revolt was on. a spontaneous general strike developed and the pressure from below forced the rival cliques within the arab establishment to unite in an arab higher committee under the leadership of the mufti. however, the higher committee feared that the continuation of the rising would put the peasantry permanently beyond its leaders ’ control, and finally prevailed upon the strike committees to call off the protest on 12 october, pending the outcome of a british royal commission ’ s investigation. until the arab revolt, the nazis ’ patronage of zionism had been warm but scarcely committed, as we have seen. however, with the political turmoil in palestine and the appointment of the peel commission, the wzo saw their chance to persuade the nazis to make a public commitment to them in palestine itself. on 8 december 1936 a joint delegation of the jewish agency, the highest body of the wzo in palestine, and the hitachdut olei germania ( the german immigrants association ), went to the jerusalem office of doehle, the german consul - general. the zionist scholar, david yisraeli, has related the incident. they sought through doehle to persuade the nazi government to have its jerusalem representative appear before the peel commission, and declare that germany was interested in an increased immigration to palestine because of its eagerness to have the jews emigrate from germany. the consul, however, rejected the proposal on the spot. his official reasons were that


representative appear before the peel commission, and declare that germany was interested in an increased immigration to palestine because of its eagerness to have the jews emigrate from germany. the consul, however, rejected the proposal on the spot. his official reasons were that considerations of increased immigration from germany would inevitably bring out the matter of the transfer which was detrimental to british exports to palestine. characteristically, the zionists were more eager to extend their relationship than the nazis, but doehle ’ s rejection of their request did not stop them from further approaches. the outcome of the peel commission ’ s expedition was thought crucial to the zionist endeavour and it was therefore the haganah, then the military arm of the jewish agency ( de facto the labour zionist militia ), that obtained berlin ’ s permission to negotiate directly with the sicherheitsdienst ( sd ), the security service of the ss. a haganah agent, feivel polkes, arrived in berlin on 26 february 1937 and was assigned adolf eichmann as his negotiating partner. eichmann had been a protege of the pro - zionist von mildenstein and, like his mentor, had studied hebrew, read herzl and was the sd ’ s specialist on zionism. the eichmann - polkes conversations were recorded in a report prepared by eichmann ’ s superior, franz - albert six, which was found in the ss files captured by the american army at the end of the second world war : polkes is a national - zionist he is against all jews who are opposed to the erection of a jewish state in palestine. as a haganah man he fights against communism and all aims of arab - british friendship... he noted that the haganah ’ s goal is to reach, as soon as possible, a jewish majority in palestine. therefore he worked, as this objective required, with or against the british intelligence service, the surete generale, with england and italy... he declared himself willing to work for germany in the form of providing intelligence as long as this does not oppose his own political goals. among other things he would support german foreign policy in the near east. he would try to find oil sources for the german reich without affecting british spheres of interest if the german monetary regulations were eased for jewish emigrants to palestine. six definitely thought that a working alliance with the haganah would be in the nazis ’ interest. they still needed the latest inside information on the various jewish boycott groups and on jewish plots against the lives of prominent nazis


for jewish emigrants to palestine. six definitely thought that a working alliance with the haganah would be in the nazis ’ interest. they still needed the latest inside information on the various jewish boycott groups and on jewish plots against the lives of prominent nazis. he was eager to allow the ss to help the zionists in return. pressure can be put on the reich representation of jews in germany in such a way that those jews emigrating from germany go exclusively to palestine and not go to other countries. such measures lie entirely in the german interest and is already prepared through measures of the gestapo. polkes ’ plans to create a jewish majority in palestine would be aided at the same time through these measures. zionism in the age of the dictators chapter 8. palestine – the arabs, zionists, british and nazis heinz hohne in the order of the death ' s head : the story of hitler ' s ss also writes about the proposed ss - haganah military alliance in the mid - 1930s which was considered during this ( above ) planned visit by eichmann and entourage in 1937. zionist collaboration with fascism / nazism in the 20th century has been documented in extensive detail by such historians as lenni brenner in 51 documents : zionist collaboration with the nazis ( the quintessential work on this subject ), zionism in the age of dictators ( also by brenner and available online in html format ) hannah arendt ' s eichmann in jerusalem, edwin black ' s the transfer agreement : the dramatic story of the pact between the third reich and jewish palestine, francis r. nicosia ' s the third reich and the palestine question, rudolf vrba and alan bestic ' s i cannot forgive, and rafael medoff ' s the deadening silence : american jews and the holocaust. from lenni brenner ' s 51 documents : zionist collaboration with the nazis : zionist factions competed for the honor of allying to hitler. by 1940 - 41, the " stern gang, " among them yitzhak shamir, later prime minister of israel, presented the nazis with the " fundamental features of the proposal of the national military organization in palestine ( irgun zvai leumi ) concerning the solution of the jewish question in europe and the participation of the nmo in the war on the side of germany. " mae brussell ' s program number 837 (? free sample available online ) makes reference to the haganah assisting martin bormann ' s escape to south america and subsequent liaison via


christiananswers. net webbible encyclopedia meaning : highland ; the name elam is an assyrian word meaning “ high. ” the son of shem ( gen. 10 : 22 ), and the name of the country inhabited by his descendants ( 14 : 1, 9 ; isa. 11 : 11 ; 21 : 2, etc. ) lying to the east of babylonia, and extending to the shore of the mediterranean, a distance in a direct line of about 1, 000 miles “ the inhabitants of elam, or ‘ the highlands, ’ to the east of babylon, were called elamites. they were divided into several branches, speaking different dialects of the same agglutinative language. the race to which they belonged was brachycephalic, or short - headed, like the pre - semitic sumerians of babylonia. “ the earliest elamite kingdom seems to have been that of anzan, the exact site of which is uncertain ; but in the time of abraham, shushan or susa appears to have already become the capital of the country. babylonia was frequently invaded by the elamite kings, who at times asserted their supremacy over it ( as in the case of chedorlaomer, the kudur - lagamar, or ‘ servant of the goddess lagamar, ’ of the cuneiform texts ). “ the later assyrian monarchs made several campaigns against elam, and finally assur - bani - pal ( about b. c. 650 ) succeeded in conquering the country, which was ravaged with fire and sword. on the fall of the assyrian empire, elam passed into the hands of the persians ” ( a. h. sayce ). this country was called by the greeks cissia or susiana.


achille - claude debussy ( 1862 - 1918 ) was born in saint - germain - en - laye, about 20 miles outside of paris, the son of shopkeepers. ( he eventually would drop the achille. ) the family soon moved to clichy, closer to paris. young claude thought of being a painter, while his father initially hoped his son would enter the navy. it was the pianist antoinette maute, a student of chopin, who discovered his musical talent and prepared him for entrance to the paris conservatory at age 11. the boy began as a pianist, but switched to composition. his abilities were obvious, as were yearnings to break free from the composition restraints taught at the conservatory. traveling intensified those yearnings. a trip to russia exposed him to the exotic harmony of composers like rimsky - korsakov and borodin. later he would discover the nativism of mussorgsky. winning the prix de rome sent him to rome for study in 1884, though he did not enjoy his stay there and returned to paris before the end of his term. a trip to bayreuth in 1888 helped make him a devotee of wagner ; a visit a year later began his retreat. that same year he was captivated by the free melodies and rhythms of the javanese music he heard at the universal expedition in paris ( as was the younger ravel ). in the 1890s he encountered the french symbolist movement and joined the circle of its leader, stephane mallarme, who neatly summed up its attractions this way : " to name an object is to sacrifice ¾ of that enjoyment … that comes from the guessing bit by bit. " symbolism led him to the impressionism of painters like claude monet, and that helped lead him to applying impressionist techniques to music. debussy ' s first significant works appeared in the 1890s. two were based on symbolist writings : prelude to the afternoon of a faun ( mallarme ) and fetes galantes, a song cycle with texts by verlaine. the string quartet appeared in 1893, and his opera pelleas et melisande in 1895. other significant works followed. nocturnes ( 1890s ), la mer ( 1905 ), the piano images ( 1905 & 1907 ), and in 1912, the three - movement orchestral images ( the two images are different works ). in 1909 the cancer that would eventually kill him made its first appearance, but debussy continued to work. several major piano works appeared in the following


, and in 1912, the three - movement orchestral images ( the two images are different works ). in 1909 the cancer that would eventually kill him made its first appearance, but debussy continued to work. several major piano works appeared in the following years ( preludes, etudes, en blanc et noir, and others ), a major orchestral work ( jeux ), and three instrumental sonatas, including his last work, the violin sonata in 1917. debussy was often described as catlike in his physical manner. he was in fact a lover of cats, a hedonist who was quite the bohemian and cafe - goer. he was not terribly active except when composing. his means were limited, and he was often in debt. he had a few scandalous affairs ( his first wife and one paramour attempted suicide ), two wives and one daughter. his later years were marred by the pain of the cancer that would keep him housebound and eventually kill him. debussy was a dreamer whose music dreamed with him. his work tended toward the amorphous and liquid, with delicate changes in color, and soft, indefinite cadences. his rhythm wasn ' t terribly free at first, but by la mer he was defying the bar - line and combining several complex rhythms at once. he adopted the impressionist technique of using color and light to suggest rather than define scenes and objects, but he was too concerned with form to be definitively classified as an " impressionist. " he was often more interested in instrument timbres than the melody they produced, and his orchestration was precisely and subtly drawn. he also understood the dramatic value of silence. perhaps most important was his extension of western harmony and tonality beyond where wagner had taken it. rather than limiting himself to major and minor keys, standard rules of chord building, and wagner ' s chromaticism, he extended his harmony with the eastern - sounding whole tone scale, medieval modes, chords built from the harmonics and overtones of instruments, and pure imagination. debussy did not spawn disciples, as wagner, mahler, schoenberg, et al., did. he was more of a quiet revolutionary, but as a pivotal, transitional figure between the late romantics and the 20th century, his influence on 20th century music was just as strong. copyright © 2008 by roger hecht.


greenland, antarctic ice loss confirmed in landmark study november 29, 2012 pasadena, calif. – an international team of experts supported by nasa and the european space agency ( esa ) has combined data from multiple satellites and aircraft to produce the most comprehensive and accurate assessment to date of ice sheet losses in greenland and antarctica and their contributions to sea level rise. in a landmark study published thursday in the journal science, 47 researchers from 26 laboratories report the combined rate of melting for the ice sheets covering greenland and antarctica has increased during the last 20 years. together, these ice sheets are losing more than three times as much ice each year ( equivalent to sea level rise of 0. 04 inches or 0. 95 millimeters ) as they were in the 1990s ( equivalent to 0. 01 inches or 0. 27 millimeters ). about two - thirds of the loss is coming from greenland, with the rest from antarctica. this rate of ice sheet losses falls within the range reported in 2007 by the intergovernmental panel on climate change ( ipcc ). the spread of estimates in the 2007 ipcc report was so broad, however, it was not clear whether antarctica was growing or shrinking. the new estimates, which are more than twice as accurate because of the inclusion of more satellite data, confirm both antarctica and greenland are losing ice. combined, melting of these ice sheets contributed 0. 44 inches ( 11. 1 millimeters ) to global sea levels since 1992. this accounts for one - fifth of all sea level rise over the 20 - year survey period. the remainder is caused by the thermal expansion of the warming ocean, melting of mountain glaciers and small arctic ice caps, and groundwater mining. “ both ice sheets appear to be losing more ice now than 20 years ago, but the pace of ice loss from greenland is extraordinary, with nearly a five - fold increase since the mid - 1990s, ” ivins said. “ in contrast, the overall loss of ice in antarctica has remained fairly constant, with the data suggesting a 50 - percent increase in antarctic ice loss during the last decade. ” more than 4tn tonnes of ice from greenland and antarctica has melted in the past 20 years and flowed into the oceans, pushing up sea levels, according to a study that provides the best measure to date of the effectclimate change is having on the earth ’ s biggest ice sheets. the research involved dozens of scientists and 10 satellite missions and presents a disturbing picture of the impact of recent warming at the poles. the scientists claim the study, published in the journal science, ends


change is having on the earth ’ s biggest ice sheets. the research involved dozens of scientists and 10 satellite missions and presents a disturbing picture of the impact of recent warming at the poles. the scientists claim the study, published in the journal science, ends a long - running debate over whether the vast ice sheet covering the antarctic continent is losing or gaining mass. east antarctica is gaining some ice, the satellite data shows, but west antarctica and the antarctic peninsula is losing twice as much, meaning overall the sheet is melting. “ the estimates are the most reliable to date, and end 20 years of uncertainty of ice mass changes in antarctica and greenland, ” said study leader, andrew shepherd, of leeds university. “ there have been 30 different estimates of the sea level rise contribution of greenland and antarctica, ranging from an annual 2mm rise to a 0. 4mm fall. “ we can state definitively that both greenland and antarctica are losing mass, and as [ the ] temperature goes up we are going to lose more ice. ” the study shows the melting of the two giant ice sheets has caused the seas to rise by more than 11mm in 20 years. it also found greenland is losing ice mass at five times the rate of the early 1990s. the uncertainties over ice cap melting have made it difficult for scientists to predict sea level rise. but prof richard alley, of penn state university, us, who was not involved in the study, said : “ this project is a spectacular achievement. the data will support essential testing of predictive models, and will lead to a better understanding of how sea level change may depend on the human decisions that influence global temperatures. ” rising sea level is one of the greatest long - term threats posed by climate change, threatening low - lying cities and increasing the damage wrought by hurricanes and typhoons. the results show that the largest ice sheet – that of east antarctica – has gained mass over the study period of 1992 - 2011 as increased snowfall added to its volume. however, greenland, west antarctica and the antarctic peninsula were all found to be losing mass – and on a scale that more than compensates for east antarctica ’ s gain. the study ’ s headline conclusion is that the polar ice sheets have overall contributed 11. 1mm to sea level rise but with a “ give or take ” uncertainty of 3. 8mm – meaning the contribution could be as little as 7. 3mm or as much as 14. 9mm. “ we can now say for sure that antarctica is losing ice and we can see how the rate of


" after the mountain pine beetle workshop " to discuss future forests and tree farming by a panel of experts on the subject. the workshop is to be held at the granby fire station on april 14, 2012 at 10am. mountain pine beetle is a naturally occurring pest associated with mature, crowded, even - aged lodgepole pine forests. the mpb does not respect property boundaries, so you must do mitigation work or preventative spraying to protect your high value trees. mountain pine beetle ( dendroctonus ponderosae ) is an insect native to the forests of western north america. mpb develop in pines, particularly ponderosa, lodgepole, scotch and limber pine. during early stages of an outbreak, attacks are limited largely to trees under stress from injury, poor site conditions, fire damage, overcrowding, root disease or old age. presently, as the beetle population has increased, any tree larger than 4 ” in diameter is vulnerable to attack. if a tree is attacked there may be popcorn - shaped masses of resin called pitch tubes on the trunk. these pitch tubes can be brown, pink or white in color. boring dust will also be present in bark crevices and on the ground immediately adjacent to the tree base and woodpeckers may be feeding on the beetles / larvae in the trunk actually de - barking the tree. once a tree is infested with the mpb, even if it is still green, the tree cannot be saved. the summer following a successful attack, the pine needles will turn yellowish to reddish throughout the entire tree crown. by july the adult beetles start to leave the dying trees, so after the first year, dead trees no longer harbor mpb. under epidemic or outbreak conditions, enough beetles can emerge from an infested tree to kill anywhere from two to ten trees the following year. in the long - term management, thin susceptible stands with emphasis on leaving well - spaced, healthy trees. in the short term, spray non - infested tree trunks with preventative insecticide sprays to protect trees from attack. again, once a tree is attacked, nothing can be done to save the tree. it is best to remove an infested tree from your property, peel off the bark, chip the tree trunk or mist all sides of the cut trunk with diesel fuel before july of the following year after infestation. for preventative insecticidal tree spraying treatment, please be sure to hire a colorado department of agriculture licensed applicator. mpb tree removal services


copyright © 1999 by akimasa nakamura ( kuma kogen astronomical observatory, japan ) the ccd image was taken on 1999 october 9. 65 ut, using a 0. 60 - m f / 6 ritchey - chretien telescope. this comet was found during 1987 january by jennifer wiseman on two photographic plates exposed on 1986 december 28. 29 and 28. 34 by brian skiff at lowell observatory ' s anderson mesa station. the magnitude was estimated as 14. skiff and wiseman were able to confirm the comet on 1987 january 19. 11. the comet had faded to magnitude 14. 5. on both occasions the comet appeared diffuse with a strong condensation. the first orbit was computed and published by brian g. marsden on january 21. he used 6 positions obtained during the period of december 28 to january 21 and indicated the comet was moving in a short - period orbit. he determined the perihelion date as 1986 november 22. 76, the perihelion distance as 1. 506 au, and the orbital period as 6. 53 years. marsden said the orbit indicated the comet passed about 0. 25 au from jupiter during 1984. with nearly a month of observations, this orbit was little different from later orbits computed with several months of observations. the comet was kept under observation until 1987 may 25. 17 when t. gehrels and j. v. scotti ( steward observatory, arizona, usa ) obtained an image of magnitude 19. 4 with the 0. 91 - m spacewatch telescope. s. nakano predicted the comet would next arrive at perihelion on 1993 june 4. 39. b. schmidt obtained three ccd images with the multiple - mirror telescope on mt. hopkins on 1993 february 2. these revealed " suspected " weak images. unfortunately, the images were not certain enough to establish a recovery had been made. no other successful attempts were made until james v. scotti announced he had recovered the comet on spacewatch images exposed on december 16. the magnitude was then 20. 8 and scotti said the coma was 13 arc seconds in diameter. in addition, the nuclear condensation had a magnitude of 22. 6 and a faint tail extended 0. 34 arc minute toward pa 286°. scotti subsequently found the comet on a single ccd image obtained with spacewatch. the positions confirmed that the faint object detected by schmidt in february was the comet. the positions also indicated the prediction by nakano required a correction of only - 0. 08 day. no


oil spill planning and response remains the primary use of these maps, however they are finding ever - widening use in such areas as coastal resource inventories and assessments, coastal planning, and recreational planning. the time period section in this metadata record represents the dates when the data and information were collected to prepare the gis products and atlases. hence, the actual observation of the resource status was completed on, or most likely before, this date. see the atlas - specific metadata for actual survey and data publication dates. shoreline classification - esi maps include a shoreline ranking, based on a scale relating sensitivity, natural persistence of oil, and ease of cleanup. the shoreline classification scheme combines an understanding of the physical and biological character of the shoreline environment, as well as the substrate type and grain size. relationships among physical processes, substrate type, and associated biota produce specific geomorphic / ecological shoreline types, sediment transport patterns, and predictable oil behaviors and biological impacts. the sensitivity ranking ( rank 1 - rank 10 ) is dictated by the following factors : relative exposure to wave and tidal energy, shoreline slope, substrate type ( grain size, mobility, penetration and / or burial, and trafficability ), and biological productivity and sensitivity. methods for classifying shorelines include review of existing maps, literature, and remote imagery, incorporated with observations from low - altitude aerial surveys and ground observations. base maps, shoreline, wetland boundaries, and aerial photographs are gathered prior to a survey. using this information, along with any previous studies of the area, the geologist completes a preliminary shoreline classification. this classification is modified during the fieldwork process. fieldwork consists of two parts : aerial surveys and ground verifications. during the overflight phase, the geologist annotates the shoreline base map with esi rankings, carefully noting transitions in habitats. shorelines with more than one esi type in the intertidal zone are annotated on the map in order from landward to seaward esi classification. a segment of coastline may be assigned up to three esi shoreline types. in areas where the coastline has changed significantly from the base map ( either through natural or artificial processes ), the geologist modifies the base map by hand. in addition to classifying the shoreline, the observer takes representative low - altitude, oblique photographs for each esi habitat. ground verification consists of spot - checking to confirm aerial observations. ideally, an example of each habitat is visited and photographed from the ground. at a minimum, ground verification concentrates on confirming grain - size classification for sedimentary substrates


for each esi habitat. ground verification consists of spot - checking to confirm aerial observations. ideally, an example of each habitat is visited and photographed from the ground. at a minimum, ground verification concentrates on confirming grain - size classification for sedimentary substrates, since this can be difficult to recognize from the air. if a portion of the coast is identified during the overflights as problematic or difficult to classify, that segment is ground checked and maps are updated according to the ground observations. once the field component of the project is complete, the maps are scanned and the digital shoreline arcs are updated with the esi attributes noted in the field. the shape and position of the digital shoreline may also be modified at this time to reflect field observations. after the information from the field map has been incorporated into the digital database, the esi shoreline is color - coded and replotted at the same scale as the original base maps. the geologist then compares the classified shoreline plots to the original field - annotated base maps and any errors in shoreline attributes, as recorded in the gis database, are corrected. sensitive biological resources - esi maps depict oil - sensitive animals and rare plants, as well as habitats that are used by oil - sensitive species. some habitats, such as submersed aquatic vegetation and coral reefs, that are themselves sensitive to oil spills may also be depicted. biological resource information is gathered from local officials who provide expert knowledge and suggest relevant source materials for biological resources in the study area. when the data have been collected and reviewed, the biologist plans how each resource will be mapped throughout the entire study area. during this process, it may be necessary to prioritize the species to be mapped in order to avoid excess clutter, which makes the final product difficult to read or interpret. considerations may include species that are rare or listed as protected or endangered, or those species that have a particular commercial, recreational, or cultural value in the area. it may also be appropriate to limit some species - mapping to particularly critical life stages, such as nesting or spawning. biological features are mapped as points, polygons, and lines, and are given unique numbers corresponding to associated data tables, for easy identification and editing. human - use resources - esi maps also include human - use areas that could be impacted by an oil spill, or that could provide access for spill response operations. they include areas that have added sensitivity and value because of their use, such as beaches, parks, and marine sanctuaries ; water intakes ; and


that could be impacted by an oil spill, or that could provide access for spill response operations. they include areas that have added sensitivity and value because of their use, such as beaches, parks, and marine sanctuaries ; water intakes ; and archaeological sites. human - use resources are divided into four major components : high - use recreational and shoreline access locations, management areas, resource extraction locations, and archaeological and historical cultural resource locations. each human - use resource is assigned a feature type and feature code. management areas are typically mapped as polygons, while the remaining socioeconomic resources are generally depicted as points. for more information about the data sources and process for a particular resource, refer to the metadata record for the desired resource in the esi atlas of interest. animals, plants, and habitats potentially at risk from oil spills are segmented into seven elements based on major taxonomic and functional groupings. each element is further divided into groups of species or sub - elements with similar taxonomy, morphology, life history, and / or behavior relative to oil spill vulnerability and sensitivity. attribute data include : species names ( common and scientific ), the legal status of each species ( state and / or federal threatened, endangered, and special concern listings ), concentration / abundance, seasonal presence by month, and special life - history time - periods ( e. g. spawning, nesting ). human - use resources can be subdivided into four major components : high - use recreational and shoreline access locations, management areas, resource extraction locations, and archaeological and historical cultural resource locations. each of these elements is further subdivided based upon types of use. the files included at < http : / / data. nodc. noaa. gov / coris / data / noaa / nos / environmentalsensitivityindices / virginislands / > include the individual map pdfs, as well as files containing ancillary esi map information : guide. pdf, intro. pdf, index. pdf, legend. pdf, season. pdf ( for some atlases ), and metadata. pdf. in order for the links between the various documents to work properly, users must maintain the same directory structure and file names on their personal hard drive. to view a map of a particular area, the user should open the index file and click a region of interest on the map. the map file will open, displaying the esi for that region. to ensure that the user has seasonality information for each region, the appropriate seasonality table has been packaged as part of


breathtaking new frog surprise photo by david bickford. the discovery that this rare frog, living in borneo, has no lungs, is being used to promote evolution. but as the article shows, this is off the mark. making headlines is an amazing discovery about a unique species of frog. the amphibian is described as ‘ bizarre ’, a fitting epithet given that it is missing lungs altogether ( the wordplay in the title is intentional ). 1 the 5 cm ( 2 inch ) long barbourula kalimantanensis lives in the jungles of borneo, and apparently gets all the oxygen it needs through its skin. it was first known about some 30 years ago, but being very rare, only one other specimen has been discovered to date, and neither was dissected. some of the media descriptions associate the frog with the word ‘ primitive ’, a term loaded with evolutionary connotations. but is it somehow an intermediate, a form closer to some ancestor that had not evolved lungs yet? not at all ; even most informed evolutionists would agree with the conclusion that it is almost certainly descended from a frog that once had lungs. we can ‘ connect the dots ’ to lead to a very likely scenario of how this species arose. - frogs with lungs already get a significant amount of their oxygen through the skin — this is absorbed directly from the water. - even though its habitat is close to the equator, the streams that b. kalimantanensis lives in are very fast - flowing and extremely cold. such waters contain large amounts of dissolved oxygen. - there is a very similar species of frog in the philippines that does have lungs, and the two may well be descendants of the same created kind. - if one such frog with lungs happened to have a ( information - losing, hence not evolutionary in the ‘ microbes to man ’ sense ) mutation causing lungs to disappear or dramatically reduce, then the descendants of such a frog exhibiting this loss / defect - be well able to survive in their oxygen - rich home waters, using the existing mechanism of skin - breathing. but in addition : - they would actually be at a selective advantage compared to their lung - equipped co - members of the population. in such fast - moving streams, those with lungs ( which make the creature float ) would be more likely to be carried away from the breeding population. also : - without lungs, the body would flatten more readily, increasing the available surface area for skin - breathing still more. although such fascinating features of the natural world are always trumpeted


small - scale fault systems in the earth ’ s crust have a strong correlation with the location of gold, a recent study of the st ives goldfields in western australia has found. our research, published in science journal ore geology reviews, found that all major gold deposits are controlled by faults, but small fault systems are more likely to lead to gold than larger ones. researcher dr carsten laukamp says the relationship between fault systems and gold traces is key to understanding the genesis of gold and could be used to help locate any commodity. “ determining the spatial relationship between geological features such as fault lines, and gold traces, is not only important to understand how deposits form, it can also guide mineral exploration because we can use this information to develop predictive mineral maps, ” he says. dr laukamp and his team developed a predictive mineral map of the st ives goldfields that shows new prospective areas where there is a high likelihood that gold could be located. “ we used information such as rock type, colour, shape and size and geological boundaries – all information we can gather from drilling samples – to develop the map, ” dr laukamp says. “ this research is one step in the development of predictive mineral maps that integrate various types of geological data. “ next, we ’ ll incorporate data collected from aircrafts and satellites, such as geophysical and spectroscopic data, which will improve the information value and accuracy of the predictive mineral map. ” learn more about our research in mineral exploration. media enquiries : liz greenbank | 03 9545 8563 | firstname. lastname @ example. org ant and termite nests could lead to hidden treasure according to research conducted by csiro. research published in science journals plos one and geochemistry : exploration, environment, analysis, found that at a test site in the west australian goldfields termite mounds contained high concentrations of gold. this gold indicates there is a larger deposit underneath. “ we ’ re using insects to help find new gold and other mineral deposits. these resources are becoming increasingly hard to find because much of the australian landscape is covered by a layer of eroded material that masks what ’ s going on deeper underground, ” dr aaron stewart, csiro entomologist said. termites and ants burrow into this layer of material where a fingerprint of the underlying gold deposit is found, and bring traces of this fingerprint to the surface. “ the insects bring up small particles that contain gold from the deposit ’ s fingerprint, or halo,


##ow into this layer of material where a fingerprint of the underlying gold deposit is found, and bring traces of this fingerprint to the surface. “ the insects bring up small particles that contain gold from the deposit ’ s fingerprint, or halo, and effectively stockpile it in their mounds, ” dr stewart said. “ our recent research has shown that small ant and termite mounds that may not look like much on the surface, are just as valuable in finding gold as the large african mounds are that stand several metres tall. ” mineral resources make up $ 86. 7 billion of australia ’ s exports and new discoveries in many commodities are required to sustain production. after 150 years of mining, gold and other mineral deposits near the surface have been discovered and miners need new tools to explore deeper underground. insects could provide a new, cost effective and environmentally friendly way of exploring for new mineral deposits, avoiding the traditional method of expensive and often inaccurate drilling. dr stewart ’ s work has also found that insects carry metals in their bodies. “ we ’ ve found that metals accumulate in excretory systems of termites, ” he said. “ although the insects may not concentrate metals in their bodies, they actively rid their bodies of excess metals. this process shows up as little stones, much like kidney stones in people. this finding is important because these excretions are a driving force in redistribution of metals near the surface. ” dr stewart was selected as a finalist in this year ’ s fresh science awards. media : liz greenbank. mb : 0408 778 189. e : email @ example. com


aotus trivirgatus, the owl monkey, is a south american or new world monkey. south american monkeys or platyrrhines comprise one of the two infraorders ( platyrrhini and catarrhini ) of anthropoid primates. they live exclusively in south and central america, but their fossil distribution includes the greater antilles ( macphee and horovitz, 2002 ). the fossil record of platyrrhines extends back to the deseadan or late oligocene of bolivia where they are represented by the genus branisella ( takai & anaya, 1996 ). their presence in the new world is generally considered to be the result of a single dispersal event ( fleagle, 1999 ) near the end of the eocene from the old world, where all known basal anthropoids are found ( beard, 2002 ). because south america was not connected with north america or africa at the time, this dispersal must have involved rafting across some portion of the atlantic. once in the new world, platyrrhines diverged into a variety of forms ranging in size from the smallest living anthropoid ( cebuella ) at ~ 110 grams to the howler monkeys ( alouatta ) that reach 11 kg ( fleagle, 1999 ). this diverse radiation of primates includes 78 living species ( fleagle, 1999 ) in 16 genera, one of which is the only living nocturnal anthropoid, aotus. their diets and locomotor adaptations are diverse, though most are at least partly frugivorous and none are primarily terrestrial. although the adaptations of different genera are reflected in their craniodental anatomy, platyrrhines in general retain a cranial morphology more similar to primitive anthropoids from the eocene and oligocene of egypt such as catopithecus, parapithecus, and aegyptopithecus than do the living old world anthropoids ( fleagle, 1999 ; simons, 2001 ). the research for which these ct data were collected indicates that this primitive anthropoid cranial morphology included considerable cranial pneumatization via the paranasal sinuses. aotus trivirgatus is the only nocturnal anthropoid and is rather small with males and females averaging 813g and 736g respectively ( fleagle, 1999 ). its orbits are the largest of any anthropoid, housing the enlarged eyes


those had certificated librarians, compared with 93 % of all high schools nationally with certificated librarians ( howell, 1968 ). the report noted the challenges of keeping pace with the rapid population growth of that era but nevertheless included a host of recommendations about required staffing and budget levels to provide adequate library services to all public schools. " the results of this study make it apparent, " wrote superintendent of public instruction max rafferty in the foreword of the report, " that far too little has been done for the schools to have the library facilities, stock of library materials, and quality of library services they need and must have to maintain the quality of modern education programs that are required " ( howell, iii ). in spite of robust federal funding from esea, the california legislature did not mandate staffing or minimum per pupil expenditures. the california media and library educators association, though, did produce guidelines for california library media programs. : school, district, county, state, which adapted the national standards of 1975 to california and articulated qualitative and quantitative guidelines to be used by schools and districts throughout the state in developing and maintaining quality school library programs ( guidelines for california media programs, 1977 ). just as the esea money was folded into an education block grant, section 18100 of the california education code was passed, requiring school districts to maintain school libraries or enter into contracts with other agencies to do this, and directing the state board of education to adopt standards, rules and regulations for library services ( brandes, 1987 ). the state board even made strong recommendations that districts assign certificated librarians to provide services to students in well - stocked school libraries. unfortunately, because these recommendations and regulations carried no funding mechanisms or sanctions for enforcement, districts were free to carry out the board ' s instructions to any degree they chose ( brandes, 1987 ). achterman, douglas l.. haves, halves, and have - nots : school libraries and student achievement in california. denton, texas. unt digital library. http : / / digital. library. unt. edu / ark : / 67531 / metadc9800 /. accessed june 19, 2013.


does the information age free us to pursue learning centered on individuals and not institutions? does each of us have a part to play in the possibility of education? can a broader definition and responsibility for education bring us all closer together? those are questions tackled in this short film by " soul biographer " nic askew. we commissioned nic to help explore the underlying thinking of connected learning. here is what he had to say in his introduction to the short film : this film is about the possibilities of change in education. as are the others in the series. ‘ everyone ’ is a film rich with substantial notions. ideas and observations that are held loosely between the opening and closing notions ; opening / ‘ the march of the formal educational curriculum is at a very different pace from how kids interests develop. ’ this might lead you to wonder about your own pacing in the world? and the painful, and perhaps unrecognized, implications of being out of synch. followed by [ substantial notions etc... ] closing / ‘ a sense of fulfillment, belonging and purpose are possibly more important than the knowledge being cultivated. ‘ this might open the gates to question the very point of education. use this film to provoke conversation. banner image credit : miffdesigner http : / / www. flickr. com / photos / miffdesigner / 2296441957 /


use this procedure to create a logical volume from unassigned storage capacity. sun storage documentation uses the following terms : logical unit number ( lun ) this manual uses logical volume to refer to all such logical constructs. this procedure relies on the following prerequisites and assumptions. all nodes are booted in cluster mode and attached to the storage device. the storage device is installed and configured. if you are using multipathing, the storage devices is configured as described in the installation procedure. if you are using sun storedge traffic manager, it is installed and configured and the path between traffic manager and the storage device is functioning. follow the instructions in your storage device ' s documentation to create and map the logical volume. for a url to this storage documentation, see related documentation. completely set up the logical volume. when you are finished, the volume must be created, mapped, mounted, and initialized. if necessary, partition the volume. to allow multiple clusters and nonclustered nodes to access the storage device, create initiator groups by using lun masking. are you using multipathing? are any devices that are associated with the volume you created at an unconfigured state? # cfgadm - al | grep disk if no, proceed to step 4. if yes, configure the traffic manager paths on each node that is connected to the storage device. cfgadm - o force _ update - c configure controllerinstance for the procedure about how to configure traffic manager paths, see the sun storedge traffic manager installation and configuration guide. on one node that is connected to the storage device, use the format command to label the new logical volume. from any node in the cluster, update the global device namespace. you might have a volume management daemon such as vold running on your node, and have a cd - rom drive connected to the node. under these conditions, a device busy error might be returned even if no disk is in the drive. this error is expected behavior. you can safely ignore this error message. to manage this volume with volume management software, use the appropriate solstice disksuite / solaris volume manager or veritas volume manager commands to update the list of devices on all nodes that are attached to the new volume that you created. for more information, see your solstice disksuite / solaris volume manager or veritas volume manager documentation. to configure a logical volume as


hi, this is my first post here. am a little nervous thinking how my post will be. but i will try my best to take you through the topic and make you understand the topic. the topic i will discuss is called " decorator pattern ". i will just discuss when to use the decorator pattern and just the basic concept of decorator pattern. what is decorator pattern? decorator pattern is design pattern which is used to add more functionalities to an existing class dynamically ( at runtime ). how does the concept of decroator pattern work? the concept is usually regarded as confusing. but it is simple if you just remember the word " wrap ". we have a class " a " which is implementing and interface " iinterface ". " a " has some specific behaviours " a1 ", " a2 " etc. now we want to add a new behaviour " b1 " to a. ( this should be done without altering class " a " ) we can do it in a simple way create a class " b " implementing " iinterface ". " b " will have the behaviour " b1 ". create a class which will help any " iinterface " implementor to wrap around any other " iinterface " implementor. this is our decorator. now at runtme create an instance of " a ". lets call it " obja ". now create an instance of " b ", lets call it " objb ". use the use the decorator to help objb so that it can wrap around obja. now the decorator is nothing but objb which will have obja inside it. so the decorator now has the funtionality of both objb and obja so it will emit the behaviour " a1 ", " a2 ", " b1 ". note that we did not have to change the class a at all. now if we want to add another functionality " c1 " to this decorator object ( having objb and obja ), how will we do it? we can do it, if we make the decorator class implement " iinterface ". recollect that the purpose of the decorator is to help any " iinterface " implementor to wrap around any other " iinterface " implementor. now we can have any decorator wrapped in any other decorator. hope i was clear. i will give an example in my next post


dragons are creatures with nearly unlimited life spans. they can survive for long periods of time, and no one has found a dragon that has died of old age. adolescence is usually marked by the growth of a hatchling ’ s wings, although not all breeds of dragons grow wings and some breeds have other traits that indicate the beginning of maturation. once they hit adolescence, hatchlings change quickly, maturing to their full forms in only 2 years. dragons don ’ t communicate with each other verbally, but they will growl to scare off predators and frighten prey. young dragons will emit an extremely high - pitched squeal when they are frightened. to communicate, they use telepathy with each other and to speak to other creatures. thunder dragons are the masters of electricity. their wings gather energy as they soar through the clouds, and when they clap their wings together they can create devastating arcs of lightning. they can stay airborne nearly indefinitely, landing only to sleep and breed ; they catch their prey from the air and take moisture from the clouds. a thunder dragon ’ s roar is considered to be an omen of misfortune. trydan taranfollt means " electric thunderbolt, " and the name fits him as well as the skittering sparks of lightning that play across his dark scales. the first of the powerful new dragons to join the flight, he is exuberant and witty, and wears his magic easily. while others among the flight feared that the newcomers might make a bid for leadership, nosoriadur, their wise queen, took the young thunder under her wing. trydan is joyful and kind ; although he possesses some of most deadly magic among dragons, he uses his powers only for the good of his flight. he enjoys flying through storms and has an interest in the clever albino tylluanllef. trydan is ferocious and terrifying when he does fight, but prefers talking over battle ; his quick mind is well - suited to the task. his sharp silhouette against the charged air, his booming roar like a crack of lightning, the sparks shooting from his ragged wings strike fear and wonder into those who see him : a diving comet, an electric thunderbolt.


during the 1936 summer olympic games, james cleveland “ jesse ” owens won four gold medals in berlin : he came in first in the 100 meters, the 200 meters, the long jump and was part of the 4×100 - meter relay team that also took gold. owens ’ success was a poke in the eye of adolf hitler, who had hoped the 1936 games would serve as a showcase his aryan propaganda. the column below, published aug. 15, 1936, my father chided hitler, whom he described as a “ one - time austrian house painter ” and a “ pervert, ” who snubbed owens. he cited news reports that while hitler had “ received and congratulated in his private quarters the german winners, he was conspicuously absent from his box when the occasion arose that he should extend similar felicitations to the american negro winners. ” it remains unclear whether the reports of hitler ’ s snub are true. the la times recently included the story as one of the “ top ten olympic controversies. ” “ perhaps the most enduring myth of the olympic games is that adolf hitler refused to extend a congratulatory handshake to jesse owens, a claim for which olympic historians have found no supporting evidence. it is clear that hitler was neither pleased nor impressed by the four gold medals owens won, even as the german crowd cheered him loudly and mobbed him for pictures and autographs. as owens pierced the nazi myth of aryan superiority, his home country acted with regrettable caution, replacing two jewish sprinters on the u. s. team. owens got a hero ’ s welcome upon returning home, yet as a black man he had to ride the freight elevator to a new york hotel reception in his honor. ” my father ’ s aug. 15 column was published the week my grandmother, malvina alkins, died. guest columnists appear in the “ dottings ” space in the two issues that followed. “ it is not news to those of you that read mr. ray ’ s columns that he has been an inspiration for many men who later found success in the field of journalism, ” wrote romeo dougherty, whose bio describes him as a “ well - known sports and theatrical writer. ” “ to be considered worthy to take his place for even a week makes me feel that i have not labored in vain …, ” he wrote in a guest column published aug. 22, 1936. “ in the splendid showing of our boys in the olympic games, ” dougherty added, “ we have practically


instructional objective this card game serves as a learning aid to music 350 students. they will learn to classify classical composers by the era in which they worked : renaissance, baroque, classical, romantic and modern. learners / context the learners are college undergraduate general education students in music 350 - survey of classical composers. these students may be familiar with some composers names, but may confuse the era ' s in they worked in. early in the semester, students must learn + / - 15 composers. the instructor would allow students 15 to 20 minutes to play 2 times a week for the first 3 to 4 weeks. each group would have three to five students. rationale although most of the course depends upon students recognizing the music of the composers, students must recall information about the composer after recognizing him. also, if the students are unable to immediately recall the composer, they can deduce details relating to the composition. they can deduce details by listening for characteristics that are related to the era the piece was written in. once students determine the era, they can deduce the author by considering each of the composers who were producing works within the era. rules three to five players can play the game. the dealer gives each player seven cards. the dealer places the remaining cards face down in the center of the group. the dealer turns over the first card. the players will then take turns. they may : * discard a single card and take the card facing up. * discard a single card and draw a card from the pile. * lay down matched sets consisting of three cards with the same composers or four cards within the same era. the player who lays down one matching set of composers and one matching set of eras. first, wins the game. deck design the deck has 45 cards. there are 15 different composers, 3 from each era. each composer will have three different works, for a total of 45 cards. design process after deciding on the content and audience, i decided on the time allotted for playing. then, i considered how the players should interact with each other and the cards. once i decided that players should match composers and eras, i reduced the number of composers involved, but increased the number of works by each composer.


a kidney stone is a solid mass made up of tiny crystals. one or more stones can be in the kidney or ureter at the same time. see also : cystinuria renal calculi ; nephrolithiasis ; stones - kidney causes, incidence, and risk factors : kidney stones can form when urine contains too much of certain substances. these substances can create small crystals that become stones. the biggest risk factor for kidney stones is dehydration. kidney stones may not produce symptoms until they begin to move down the tubes ( ureters ) through which urine empties into the bladder. when this happens, the stones can block the flow of urine out of the kidneys. this causes swelling of the kidney or kidneys, causing pain. the pain is usually severe. kidney stones are common. a person who has had kidney stones often gets them again in the future. kidney stones often occur in premature infants. some types of stones tend to run in families. certain kinds of stones can occur with bowel disease, ileal bypass for obesity, or renal tubule defects. there are different types of kidney stones. the exact cause depends on the type of stone. - calcium stones are most common. they occur more often in men than in women, and usually appear between ages 20 - 30. they are likely to come back. calcium can combine with other substances, such as oxalate ( the most common substance ), phosphate, or carbonate to form the stone. oxalate is present in certain foods. diseases of the small intestine increase the risk of forming calcium oxalate stones. - cystine stones can form in people who have cystinuria. this disorder runs in families and affects both men and women. - struvite stones are mostly found in women who have a urinary tract infection. these stones can grow very large and can block the kidney, ureter, or bladder. - uric acid stones are more common in men than in women. they can occur with gout or chemotherapy. other substances also can form stones. the main symptom is severe pain that starts suddenly and may go away suddenly : - pain may be felt in the belly area or side of the back - pain may move to groin area ( groin pain ) or testicles ( testicle pain ) other symptoms can include : signs and tests : pain can be severe enough to need narcotic pain relievers. the belly area ( abdomen ) or back might feel tender to the touch.


( groin pain ) or testicles ( testicle pain ) other symptoms can include : signs and tests : pain can be severe enough to need narcotic pain relievers. the belly area ( abdomen ) or back might feel tender to the touch. tests for kidney stones include : stones or a blockage of the ureter can be seen on : tests may show high levels of calcium, oxylate, or uric acid in the urine or blood. the goal of treatment is to relieve symptoms and prevent further symptoms. ( kidney stones that are small enough usually pass on their own. ) treatment varies depending on the type of stone and how severe the symptoms are. people with severe symptoms might need to be hospitalized. when the stone passes, the urine should be strained and the stone saved and tested to determine the type. drink at least 6 - 8 glasses of water per day to produce a large amount of urine. some people might need to get fluids through a vein ( intravenous ). pain relievers can help control the pain of passing the stones ( renal colic ). for severe pain, you may need to take narcotic pain killers or nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drugs ( nsaids ) such as ibuprofen. depending on the type of stone, your doctor may prescribe medicine to decrease stone formation or help break down and remove the material that is causing the stone. medications can include : - allopurinol ( for uric acid stones ) - antibiotics ( for struvite stones ) - phosphate solutions - sodium bicarbonate or sodium citrate ( which make the urine more alkaline ) surgery is usually needed if : - the stone is too large to pass on its own - the stone is growing - the stone is blocking urine flow and cuasing an infection or kidney damage today, most treatments are much less invasive than in the past. - extracorporeal shock - wave lithotripsy is used to remove stones slightly smaller than a half an inch that are located near the kidney. this method uses ultrasonic waves or shock waves to break up stones. then, the stones leave the body in the urine. - percutaneous nephrolithotomy is used for large stones in or near the kidney, or when the kidneys or surrounding areas are incorrectly formed. the stone is removed with an endoscope that is inserted into the kidney through a small opening. - ureteroscopy may be used for stones in the lower urinary tract. -


the kidneys or surrounding areas are incorrectly formed. the stone is removed with an endoscope that is inserted into the kidney through a small opening. - ureteroscopy may be used for stones in the lower urinary tract. - standard open surgery ( nephrolithotomy ) may be needed if other methods do not work or are not possible. kidney stones are painful but usually can be removed from the body without causing permanent damage. they tend to return, especially if the cause is not found and treated. calling your health care provider : call your health care provider if you have symptoms of a kidney stone. also call if symptoms return, urination becomes painful, urine output decreases, or other new symptoms develop. if you have a history of stones, drink plenty of fluids ( 6 - 8 glasses of water per day ) to produce enough urine. depending on the type of stone, you might need to take medications or other measures to prevent the stones from returning. you may need to change your diet to prevent some types of stones from coming back. cameron ma, sakhaee k. uric acid nephrolithiasis. urol clin north am. 2007 ; 34 ( 3 ) : 335 - 346. chandhoke ps. evaluation of the recurrent stone former. urol clin north am. 2007 ; 34 ( 3 ) : 315 - 322. finkielstein va. strategies for preventing calcium oxalate stones. cmaj. 2006 ; 174 ( 10 ) : 1407 - 1409. pietrow pk, preminger gm. evaluation and medical management of urinary lithiasis. in : wein aj, ed. campbell - walsh urology. 9th ed. philadelphia, pa : saunders elsevier ; 2007 : chap 43.