american heritage® dictionary of the english language, fourth edition - n. any of numerous, usually bulbous plants of the genus allium in the lily family, having long stalks bearing clusters of variously colored flowers and including many ornamental and food plants, such as onions, leeks, chives, garlic, and shallots. century dictionary and cyclopedia - n. the largest genus of plants of the natural order liliaceæ, of about 300 species, natives, with few exceptions, of the northern temperate zone. they are bulbous plants, with a peculiar pungent odor, and bear their flowers in an umbel at the summit of a scape. several species have been largely cultivated for food from very early times, including the onion ( a. cepa ), leek ( a. porrum ), shallot ( a. ascalonicum ), garlic ( a. sativum ), chives ( a. schænoprasum ), rocambole ( a. scorodoprasum ), etc. gnu webster ' s 1913 - n. ( bot. ) a genus of plants, including the onion, garlic, leek, chive, etc. - n. large genus of perennial and biennial pungent bulbous plants : garlic ; leek ; onion ; chive ; sometimes placed in family alliaceae as the type genus - latin, garlic. ( american heritage® dictionary of the english language, fourth edition ) “ garlic, the most potent member of the family called allium that includes onions, shallots, chives and leeks, known for hundreds, if not thousands of years as a tool to ward off evil, may have gained this reputation for its wide - ranging health benefits. ” “ it puts forward the idea that earth is a globular allium and " pain and fear " are the lachrymatory agents that provoke all the tears. ” “ when the fire ' s good and hot, run the allium up and down the grates with a fork to remove the residue. ” “ photograph by tara donne for the wall street journal, food styling by martha bernabe, prop styling by angharad bailey mixing rosemary, dill, mint, white allium and scabiosa step one using a mix of leggy and dense herbs — rosemary, yellow flowering dill, mountain mint — build a framework of textures and fragrances. ” “ step two we added a pop of white with allium scattered throughout the greene


##abiosa step one using a mix of leggy and dense herbs — rosemary, yellow flowering dill, mountain mint — build a framework of textures and fragrances. ” “ step two we added a pop of white with allium scattered throughout the greenery at varying heights. ” “ chives, shallots, leeks — they are all considered varieties of onion from the latin allium. ” “ separately, saute the shallots ( the onion wannabe of the allium world ). ” “ in an effort to protect her flock, sandrow planted a wide variety of feather - like foliage, ostrich ferns, corkscrew grass, tall flowering balls of purple allium and bristling shrubs of juniper and cyprus that camouflage the birds ' exotic plumage thereby protecting them from the hawks circling above. ” “ some are small and tight and barely bigger than a golf ball, others sweet and juicy with an altogether softer tone, and some with only the merest hint of allium about them. ” “ bart ziegler artemisia ' oriental limelight, ' with its plumes of yellow - green leaves ( center ) provides a striking contrast to the purple salvia ( foreground ) and globes of violet allium in my spring garden shown last year, but it threatens to take over the flower bed. ” these user - created lists contain the word ‘ allium ’. words that make other words with the addition of one letter at the beginning. the resulting words are tagged " behead ". words that evoke magic, mystery, mayhem, magnificence or anything else that glimmers in the grass a list of words whose meanings i am learning, either because a ) i don ' t know the meaning b ) i know the meaning, but could stand to better appreciate certain inflections or secondary meanings or c )... looking for tweets for allium.


american heritage® dictionary of the english language, fourth edition - n. a solid with six faces, each a parallelogram and each being parallel to the opposite face. century dictionary and cyclopedia - n. a prism whose bases are parallelograms. - n. in experimental psychology, an outline drawing of a parallelepiped, with one diagonal drawn in, embodying an illusion of reversible perspective. the figure was published by necker in 1832 : the name ‘ cube ’ properly belongs to a similar figure published by wheatstone in 1838. see illusion. 2. - n. geometry solid figure, having six faces, all parallelograms ; all opposite faces being similar and parallel. gnu webster ' s 1913 - n. ( geometry ) a prism whose bases are parallelograms. - n. a prism whose bases are parallelograms - greek parallelepipedon : parallelos, parallel ; see parallel + epipedon, plane surface, from neuter sing. of epipedos, level ( epi -, epi - + pedon, ground ). ( american heritage® dictionary of the english language, fourth edition ) “ remember, the volume of a parallelepiped is the area of its base surface times its height. ” “ but i wish he would have used the more correct and pretentious ' parallelepiped '. ” “ the house is a 23m x 7m parallelepiped, made of concrete, steel and glass, embedded in the slope of the terrain. ” “ this describes the diagonal of a rectangular parallelepiped, where length along the respective axes are : ” “ the class intimations of these images are plain enough, though polidori in his exhaustive effort of preservation did not scruple to include upper - end or highland stretches — canal street, say, with its two - storied, sometimes stuccoed domiciles set back on lawns, including a pert example of old - fashioned flat - roofed, parallelepiped - pure modernism, with art deco stripes and a little penthouse. ” “ compressed earth blocks generally have a rectangular parallelepiped format and are full or perforated with vertical and / or horizontal indentations. ” “ rectangular parallelepiped format with holes or perforations in combination with indentations on its larger faces ( laying face and bed face ). ” “ the most common format is a rectangular parallelepiped ( or prism


##s. ” “ rectangular parallelepiped format with holes or perforations in combination with indentations on its larger faces ( laying face and bed face ). ” “ the most common format is a rectangular parallelepiped ( or prismatic ) format with a length ( l ), a width ( w ) and a height ( h ). ” “ full rectangular parallelepiped format with an indentation on one or both of its larger faces ( laying and bed face ). ” “ non parallelepiped rectangular formats require a fuller description ( cylindrical, conical, hexagonal, wedge - shaped, in the form of a truncated cone, etc. ). ” these user - created lists contain the word ‘ parallelepiped ’. a list of words that are odd or words that i have looked up. words containing * pipe *. i enjoy collecting words, for i have no fear of them ever running out. the new favourite words of people on twitter. a script searches twitter for " x is my new favorite word " and adds it to this list. unfathomably, glice, cuh, fab, ciggaty, doll, thuggin, oxymoronic, pineapple, succubutt, griming, cheeky and 3063 more... these are words that i enjoy because they are unique, rare, long, or just cool. hecko, words! i ’ m so happy i ’ ve found you. i want to keep you all and never want to lose you again. i hope you like it here. looking for tweets for parallelepiped.


survey of energy resources 2007 assets for future gas market growth less - energy - intensive economies, stringent pressures to reduce the environmental impact of fossil fuels, and political and fiscal measures to increase the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix, have gradually combined to alter the growth prospects of each of the primary energies, and, consequently, their respective weight in the energy balance. although natural gas is a flexible energy, ideally adapted to a number of uses, these ongoing developments are undoubtedly influencing its future growth potential, particularly in the oecd countries. nevertheless, while recent years have seen a globally downward revision of growth prospects for energy demand, natural gas is still the fossil fuel with the strongest potential. several factors underlie a presumption of steady growth in gas demand of the order of 2 % p. a. on average between now and 2020. with anticipated consumption of about 3 850 bcm by then, natural gas would accordingly account for about a quarter of world primary energy demand. a significant growth potential. non - oecd countries certainly harbour the largest potential for growth. driven by steady population growth and strong economic activity, total energy needs should climb at quite a smart pace, providing natural gas with new opportunities for market development. the fast - growing economies in asia ( including china and india ), the middle east, africa and even latin america, promise gas demand growth rates of 3 - 4 % p. a. by 2020. the industrial and power generation sectors will be the powerhouse for future gas requirements. in some asian countries, proactive government policies have fostered significant structural shifts in primary energy supply for power generation, the share of natural gas being boosted to reduce dependence on imported furnace oil, as in pakistan. also in asia ( india, indonesia ), fertiliser production ( urea, ammonia ) will also require growing volumes of natural gas, both as fuel and as raw material. in the middle east, gas will be increasingly used in seawater desalination plants and in industry in general. in africa, besides a growing requirement from the power sector, gas network extensions open up broader country - wide developments, such as in algeria and egypt. in latin america, with the exception of argentina, gas market developments are recent, indicating that gas still has significant potential for growth ( brazil, chile, peru ). in the oecd countries of north america and europe, where the gas share is 24 - 25 % already, this source of energy should continue to grow, albeit at rather moderate annual rates of 1. 6 %


brazil, chile, peru ). in the oecd countries of north america and europe, where the gas share is 24 - 25 % already, this source of energy should continue to grow, albeit at rather moderate annual rates of 1. 6 % and 2 % respectively. in the united states and europe, high gas prices have already significantly impacted on demand. in the united states, they prompted the largest industrial users to turn to alternative energies, as in the past, when they chose natural gas because it was a cheaper source of energy. in europe, high gas prices have started to stimulate competition between the different sources of energy. in the power sector, where substitution of one energy by another can be fairly rapid, power producers, in the united kingdom for instance, have recently favoured coal, an abundant resource which, despite recent price increases, still remains cheaper at the plant gate than natural gas, whose price is often indexed to oil products. from a sectoral standpoint, the power sector should further consolidate its position, absorbing about 37 % of marketed gas each year by 2020. while industry should maintain its current 25 % share, the residential and tertiary sectors are likely to decline in importance. a more environmentally - friendly energy. in the world energy mix, natural gas is undeniably the fossil energy whose combustion has the lowest environmental impact. although its contribution to greenhouse gas emissions ( co2 in particular ) cannot be discounted, it definitely plays a minor role in the emission of pollutants : about 30 % less than oil products and 50 % less than coal. in a context of increasingly stringent political and fiscal measures over the course of time, in order to reduce the negative environmental impact of the energy industries, the growing use of natural gas can only favour the fulfilment of kyoto commitments. immense untapped potential. estimates of the volume of gas remaining to be found have been consistently and significantly underestimated. moreover, gas exploration still stands at a significantly lower degree of maturity than oil. the abundance of gas reserves already discovered, and the prospects for a large yet - to - find potential, give natural gas a lifetime probably in excess of 130 years, at the current rate of consumption ( 2 930 bcm in 2006 ). because interest in natural gas was very late in developing, many territories have been only partially explored, if at all. as the recent period suggests, specifically gas - targeted exploration most often yields very prolific discoveries, as witnessed in bolivia and egypt. additionally, improvements in transportation economics are gradually providing access to a potential


many territories have been only partially explored, if at all. as the recent period suggests, specifically gas - targeted exploration most often yields very prolific discoveries, as witnessed in bolivia and egypt. additionally, improvements in transportation economics are gradually providing access to a potential of ' stranded ' gas, remote from consuming zones, onshore and offshore, currently estimated at 30 - 35 tcm, making it marketable at a competitive price. new frontier areas for exploration are also opening up, in deeper and more complex horizons, fold - belt provinces and deep sedimentary basins, technology permitting. the arctic basins in particular present very high potential for hydrocarbons, especially gas. while exploration in fold belts has hitherto focussed on the shallowest objectives, deep exploration has been little undertaken, leaving hopes of future major gas discoveries. accordingly, additional gas resources of 170 - 220 tcm, representing at least as much as current proven reserves, are probably still classed as unproven or yet - to - find. furthermore, conventional gas resources must be augmented by the large potential of unconventional gas. coal - bed methane ( cbm ) resources represent an additional volume estimated at 100 to 250 tcm. gas shales and tight gas sands resources also harbour very high and still largely unidentified potential. the industry has mastered the recovery of coal - bed methane and gas from tight sands or shales. in the united states for instance, cbm and tight gas production currently account for about 30 % of total gas produced every year. although no technique to develop and produce hydrate potential ( 20 000 to 25 000 tcm offshore? ) has been tested on an industrial scale, hydrates are also often touted as a valid alternative, offering a cleaner energy source than hydrocarbons. technologies open up supply routes. the distribution of gas reserves is far from in harmony with the size and growth of the markets. although recent gas discoveries are strewn just about everywhere, affecting all continents and prompting reassessments of reserves in almost all regions, the former soviet union and the middle east together still possess 73 % of proven reserves, including most of the largest fields. as for the oecd countries, they have no more than 10 % of gas reserves, while they consume about 50 % of the volume produced worldwide every year. this creates growing regional imbalances between production and demand, at the continental level, and even more so, at the country level. the steadily increasing length of haul between the world ' s gas - rich regions and consumer zones accordingly foreshadows a powerful expansion


regional imbalances between production and demand, at the continental level, and even more so, at the country level. the steadily increasing length of haul between the world ' s gas - rich regions and consumer zones accordingly foreshadows a powerful expansion in international trade, at an annual rate of about 3. 5 %, to 1 430 bcm by 2020. flows could then account for about 35 - 37 % of marketed production. gas technologies consequently represent a key element in the commercialisation of natural gas. several options, either traditional ( lng, pipeline ) or emerging ( gas to liquids [ gtl ], compressed natural gas [ cng ], gas to wire [ gtw ] etc. ) can be considered. however, the most suitable export route has to be selected by considering issues such as the comparative economics ( field output target, distance to consumer, etc. ) and the end - user markets. pipeline flows ( fig 5 - 2 ) dominate international gas trade. because pipeline technology has been relatively more straightforward, easier and more economic to develop, both onshore and offshore - even over long distances - pipeline deliveries between countries and nearby continents have largely dominated international gas trade. currently 76 % of international flows are in gaseous form by pipelines. however, the bulk ( about 70 % ) of the 675 bcm is transported by international pipelines in north america and in europe. while a densely interconnected network progressively helped to integrate canadian, american and mexican supplies in the vast american market, the construction of trans - european networks gathered speed between 1970 and 1990, following the first oil shock. these pipelines laid the foundations for an extensive interconnected network stretching over more than a million kilometres across europe, from siberia to ireland, from norway to spain, from algeria to portugal and central europe. with its 45 % dependence on external suppliers, europe currently has an annual pipeline import capacity of about 360 bcm, including 100 bcm from norway, 200 bcm from russia, 40 bcm from algeria, and about 8 bcm each from libya and iran. with the exception of latin america, where regionally - traded volumes amount to about 17 bcm / yr, the development of intra - and inter - regional networks in other parts of the world is still rather limited. in asia, the installation of an intra - regional transport network is relatively recent, restricted to singapore ' s import of gas from malaysia and indonesia, and the supply of 9 bcm / yr produced from the yadana and yetagun offshore myanmar fields and


, the installation of an intra - regional transport network is relatively recent, restricted to singapore ' s import of gas from malaysia and indonesia, and the supply of 9 bcm / yr produced from the yadana and yetagun offshore myanmar fields and transported to thailand. in the middle east, gas flows have been confirmed to within the united arab emirates. although the rebalancing of natural gas markets via gas pipelines could increasingly face limitations - owing to technical, economic and even political reasons in relation to transit issues, a number of new long - distance pipelines are on the drawing board in all regions. europe hosts the largest number of projects, with large - capacity pipelines ( 20 bcm / yr or more ) aimed at exporting russian gas to northern europe ( nordstream via the baltic sea ) and southern europe ( bluestream ii ), as well as delivering central asian or middle east gas to central europe ( nabucco project ). to the north, the langeled pipeline, supplying gas from the norwegian ormen lange field to the united kingdom, will be fully commissioned by the end of 2007. from algeria, two new 8 bcm / yr capacity pipelines should be built in the short - to - medium - term to establish a direct link to spain ( medgaz ) and a route to italy via sardinia ( galsi ). in africa, planned export pipeline schemes include a line from nigeria to algeria and another for the expansion of egyptian supplies to jordan, lebanon and syria. the latter proposed line also involves a potential extension to turkey in a later phase. in the middle east, the dolphin project is due to start delivering qatari gas to the united arab emirates shortly. feasibility studies are also under way for building a line from iran to india, through pakistan. besides the long - distance pipeline project from alaska to the lower - 48 us states, new schemesare also planned in northern latin american countries ( between venezuela and colombia ), as well as in the caribbean. in asia, long - distance pipelines are being considered to deliver central asian gas to china, and from russia ' s yakutia to south korea. over the past decade, significant technological achievements have been made in deep - offshore pipe - laying, with the construction of the bluestream linking russia to turkey across the black sea at a water depth of 2 200 metres. in the years ahead, technological advances should provide pipeline trade with new opportunities for growth, while further cutting transportation costs. to fulfil this objective, offshore pipe - laying has


to turkey across the black sea at a water depth of 2 200 metres. in the years ahead, technological advances should provide pipeline trade with new opportunities for growth, while further cutting transportation costs. to fulfil this objective, offshore pipe - laying has led to the introduction of higher pressures, while the use of high - tensile steels ( x80, x100 or x120 ) emerges as the most appropriate option for onshore transportation. lng drives gas market globalisation. ( fig 5 - 3 ) in recent decades, developments in the lng business have been impressive in many respects. however, the most spectacular growth undoubtedly occurred from the mid - 1990s onwards. new players entered the industry, which now numbers 13 exporting and 17 importing countries. liquefaction capacities more than doubled, from 114 bcm / yr ( 86 mt / yr ) in 1996 to about 243 bcm / yr ( 183 mt / yr ) in 2006. simultaneously, regasification capacities grew rapidly from 322 to 496 bcm / yr ( 242 to 373 mt / yr ). the lng tanker fleet expanded massively, with some 220 ships in service last year, compared with 90 ships in 1995. the companies involved have diversified, with power utilities joining their ranks as markets reshape. more generally, asset acquisitions and shareholding diversifications along the overall chain have largely restructured the traditional lng model. competition has intensified as a result of market deregulation procedures. inter - regional trade has expanded rapidly, driven by price arbitrage between the atlantic and pacific basins. contractual forms have diversified and destination clauses have largely been discarded. last but not least, the industry has also established new benchmarks, cutting costs significantly at all stages in the chain, commensurately improving project economics and lng competitiveness. the increasing need for market flexibility, diversification of sources, and reinforced supply security, are some of the reasons why lng will increasingly play a key role in rebalancing gas markets worldwide. cedigaz anticipates a sustained growth of world lng flows, rising from 211 bcm in 2006 to about 510 bcm / yr by 2020, an annual average rate of 6. 5 %. with these growth patterns, lng ' s share of total world gas trade could soar to about 36 %, from the current 22. 5 %. although likely to display glaring contrasts, markets east and west of suez harbour significant growth potential for l


with these growth patterns, lng ' s share of total world gas trade could soar to about 36 %, from the current 22. 5 %. although likely to display glaring contrasts, markets east and west of suez harbour significant growth potential for lng. with an increasingly diversified portfolio of supply sources, lng demand east of suez could reach 220 bcm / yr by 2020. with predicted annual growth of about 3. 6 %, the leading position of markets east of suez in global lng demand is set to weaken rapidly to approximately 45 % of the world total in 2020 ( 64 % in 2006 ). while japan and south korea are likely to continue to provide significant impetus to lng tanker trade in the region, china and india will import increasing volumes to supplement domestic gas. with most gas - short oecd countries concentrated in the atlantic basin, west of suez markets, where lng demand has grown 70 % in the past five years compared with 25 % in the pacific basin, harbour the strongest growth potential. the area could see approximately 9. 5 % growth per year by 2020 to about 270 bcm ( 76 bcm in 2006 ). from the turn of the next decade - while us gas production should continue to grow as a result of unconventional gas developments - the rapid decline of canadian production, combined with increasing local gas needs, should generate a massive call on lng suppliers to restore the north american market balance. europe ' s growing dependence on external supplies could reach some 60 % by 2015. to cover part of the supply gap, traditional operators and new entrants are actively developing and planning new import capacities. while new import pipeline capacities from norway, algeria and russia will help secure a portion of additional demand, europe will need ever more lng. potential lng receiving capacities amounting to 153 bcm / yr are being built and planned. on the supply side, since 2000, additional liquefaction capacity of about 88 bcm / yr has started producing lng, half of it in the atlantic basin. the pacific basin still hosts 41 % of the world ' s capacity. the lng industry is currently going through a sellers ' market. stimulated by the discovery of large gas resources in new areas ( australia, west africa, egypt, peru ) and the growth potential of lng demand, national and international companies are investing massively in the construction of new trains at existing facilities and grassroots plants. liquefaction capacity is therefore slated to climb sharply to some 350 bcm / yr by 2010,


growth potential of lng demand, national and international companies are investing massively in the construction of new trains at existing facilities and grassroots plants. liquefaction capacity is therefore slated to climb sharply to some 350 bcm / yr by 2010, growing at an average annual rate of 8 %. a radical shift in the location pattern of liquefaction capacities is already clearly under way, and by 2010 the middle east and pacific basin should equally share about 70 % of the world total. although new projects are due for commissioning in the coming months in the atlantic basin, at least 57 % of total new capacity will be located in qatar and yemen. qatar already counts as the world ' s largest lng exporter, indonesia relinquishing its leadership. the pacific basin ' s share is bound to shrink further, owing to the rapid growth of new capacity outside this basin and the anticipated drop in indonesia ' s export potential, with which other countries in the region will have to contend. the indonesian government ' s determination to boost gas supplies to its domestic market will limit the nation ' s lng export potential. on the technological front, the industry is intensifying its economy drives, improving project economics by economies of scale. with regard to liquefaction, very large capacity trains are in the offing, as shown by qatar ' s qatargas ii and rasgas ii 10. 4 bcm / yr per train projects, compared to the current world ' s biggest ( rasgas 3rd train ) with a capacity of 6. 3 bcm / yr. major advances are also under way for the new generation of lng tankers. standard tanker size has already increased to 155 000 m3, and several orders have already been placed for ship capacities of 210 000 and even 260 000 m3. improved insulation systems and the adoption of more efficient propulsion modes are among major technological improvements. the trend is towards larger regasification plants, up to 9 bcm / yr, as well as new concepts for offshore receiving terminals ( single - point mooring, gravity - based structures, floating storage regasification unit, floating converted carrier ) to comply with stringent environmental regulations. although each export project has its own specificities, liquefaction plus sea transport often emerges as the most competitive option for commercialising large gas reserves when distances from producer to end - user exceed about 3 200 km. however, in the longer term, few countries will be endowed with sufficient and suitably - located gas resources capable of durably sustaining export capacity


option for commercialising large gas reserves when distances from producer to end - user exceed about 3 200 km. however, in the longer term, few countries will be endowed with sufficient and suitably - located gas resources capable of durably sustaining export capacity and, in most cases, a local market. since offshore areas, where about 40 % of proven reserves are located, offer promising prospects for new gas discoveries, new transportation concepts will become the key to realising reserves from smaller, remote fields. offshore liquefaction plants are emerging as one option, although, up to now, they have not become commercial. mini - lng plants, which are already used for peak - shaving applications in a number of countries, are also part of the possibilities, although the economics have not proved favourable so far. new emerging transportation technologies. an alternative way to export gas, while cutting transportation costs, which remain a major hurdle for the industry, is to convert it into liquid fuels for the transportation sector or chemicals ( oxygenates, methanol and dme [ dimethylether ] ). a new gtl plant was recently commissioned in qatar. however, gtl projects are highly energy - and capital - intensive, and rising gas prices and investment costs currently make these projects rather uneconomic, with the breakeven price of crude now being around us $ 30 / bbl compared to us $ 20 / bbl a few years ago. cng technology provides another alternative to transporting small volumes of gas over shorter distances, at pressures of about 200 bar. this option is aimed at utilising offshore reserves that cannot be produced, owing to a lack of pipeline availability or because the economics do not make lng viable. cng can accommodate small gas fields, even of 1 to 3 bcm. coselle and votrans are two would - be commercial, high - pressure gas storage and transport technologies for cng. transportation technologies enabling gas to enter new outlets also include the conversion of gas into electricity and then its transmission by wire over long distances. although a number of obstacles still remain to be overcome before this option develops significantly, recent advances in semiconductors and insulating materials have reduced transmission costs for high - voltage dc electricity.


just last week research commissioned by renewable uk, the trade and professional body for the uk wind and marine renewables industries, revealed that two - thirds of britons are in favour of wind power to reduce our dependence on imported fossil fuels and cut carbon emissions. the findings also show that just under half of respondents ( 48 % ) feel wind could provide a secure source of energy and help create jobs. the survey found that the number of people who support the price of funding wind energy through their domestic energy bills ( 43 % ) far outweighed the number who didn ’ t ( 19 % ). however, the same day this report was released, national opposition to windfarms, or now, was launched in parliament. the group, sponsored by liberal democrat peer and former montgomeryshire mp lord carlile, says it will oppose wind farms by ‘ tackling policy ’. the group will also be a source of ‘ collective knowledge and strategic help ’ for anti - wind campaigners. the anti - wind backlash now argues that windfarms hurt the environment by reducing landscape value, killing birds and compromising wildlife habitat. it argues that wind power is unreliable and cannot be stored, requiring backup from more controllable energy sources. wind requires costly additional grid infrastructure, it claims, the expense of which would be ultimately passed onto the consumer. and the group also says there is no evidence that wind energy effectively reduces co2 emissions or that they stimulate local industry or employment, and that the subsidies required to get wind projects off the ground are too expensive. the anti - wind movement had been building within parliament for some months. in february it reached a turning point when an open letter signed by over 100 mps was written to david cameron, opposing the government ’ s plans for onshore wind energy production as well as the planned £500 million a year in subsidies paid to the wind industry. ‘ in these financially straightened times, we think it is unwise to make consumers pay, through taxpayer subsidy, for inefficient and intermittent energy production that typifies on - shore wind turbines, ’ the letter reads. investment cooling off the uk had been considered a leader in developing wind turbine technology as early as the 80s and 90s. however, the industry failed to pick up momentum until 2002 when a new scheme, whereby wind generators were rewarded for the energy they produced, helped to get wind projects developed. in 2010 a record 1. 2 gw of onshore and offshore capacity was built. the uk government had planned to build 4, 500 wind turbines in the coming


wind generators were rewarded for the energy they produced, helped to get wind projects developed. in 2010 a record 1. 2 gw of onshore and offshore capacity was built. the uk government had planned to build 4, 500 wind turbines in the coming years to help meet its emission targets, as well as its eu commitment to meet 20 % of our electricity demand through green sources. major energy companies were planning on - shore wind projects in locations such as kent and hull, which were also hoped to stimulate jobs in local communities. but the growing backlash within government means investment is suffering. many of the companies told the guardian recently that they are ‘ reviewing their investments ’ or seeking clarification and reassurances on future energy policy - effectively putting their plans on hold. potential investors have also expressed concerns over the uk ’ s ageing electricity infrastructure, which must be upgraded in order to link the new energy sources to the national grid ; complexities within the planning system which can stall projects for years ; and the lack of engineering skills and resources in the uk. despite the government ’ s aggressive targets to reduce emissions and meet demand through green sources, the chancellor ’ s tax break to the oil and gas industry in his recent budget can only add to the perceived uk ambivalence towards green energy investment. in addition, david cameron and nicolas sarkozy recently agreed a plan to develop nuclear power, further confusing the uk ’ s position. david cameron is scheduled to speak at this week ’ s clean energy ministerial, a clean energy summit hosted in london and attended by energy ministers from more than 20 countries. investors may be hoping that he will help clarify and confirm his commitment to grow the green energy industry in the uk, and in doing so help stabilise the investment environment.


how does it feel : a study in sensory perception sensory stimulation is a chemical process which occurs between the human body and brain. when we experience sensation, our body is exposed to some type of sensory stimulation. the sensory receptors then receive this information, and transmit it to the brain using neural impulses, or neurotransmitters. there it is interpreted into the correct sensation. sensations are the basic building blocks of perception. perception is the process of organizing and making sense of our sensory input. perception allows us to better interpret the information our sensory receptors receive, and form images of the world around us. transduction is what happens when the receptors transform the energies they receive into a form that can be interpreted and utilized by the nervous system. human beings are able to experience various sensations because the nervous system encodes the messages we are receiving and interpreting. in his doctrine of specific nerve energies, johannes muller theorizes that different sensory modes exist because the information received by our sensory receptors stimulates different synapses when traveling back to the brain. this is known as anatomical encoding. this type of encoding determines which sensory organ is activated by a certain type of stimulation, according to which specific neural pathway it travels. ( wade, tavris, 2006 ). anatomical encoding does not totally explain how or why our different sensory modalities exist independently. scientists found it difficult to link specific skin senses to individual neural pathways ; neither does the doctrine of specific nerve energies explain variations of stimulus within a certain sensory experience, i. e. the softness of an animal ' s fur versus the coarseness of sandpaper, or the distinction between the colors light blue and dark blue. a second type of encoding, called functional encoding, is therefore required to make sense of these differentials in our sensory perception. according to wade and tavris, " functional...


yes! recommends — zinn education project if we want the world to be a better place — who would argue with that? — it is critical for students to rethink from the limited lens of dates, battles, and famous heroes — to study “ a people ’ s history. ” yes! recommends the brilliant zinn education project and its resources to provoke and engage your students as they try to make sense of race and the role it — along with class and gender — has played in shaping society. here you will find a more accurate, complex, and engaging understanding of united states history than is found in traditional textbooks and curricula. so many choices of activities, lessons, and books await you. these free, downloadable resources are searchable by theme or time period. here are four essays that approach race from different perspectives, but all starting from a meeting point of asking questions that get to the heart of the matter. be sure to check out other essays, from immigration to the jacksonian era to social movements. to download the free lessons, you will need to login. registering is free, and please be assured that your email will not be shared. please note that yes! magazine does its best to provide educators with easily accessible teaching tools. we will recommend you register only when we believe the materials are worth your time and effort. nathaniel smith teaches at a pennsylvania high school where over 98 percent of his students are white and 95 percent are middle class. one young man captures the social mindset of smith ’ s students when he tells you with conviction that it ’ s wrong to judge a person by his color, but also comments, “ so damn ghetto ” to describe a broken door handle at their school. smith wants to help his students see how their whiteness shapes their lives, how they construct the concept of race through their own sense and vision. read about the series of activities and no - holding - back questions smith uses to help his students understand the concept of race. go to teaching essay : reconstructing race - what white people fear : a white guy tells why he seeks out settings beyond his comfort zone. - my life in black and white : the revolutionary act of telling your story — and teaching memoir writing to your students. - beyond us and them : very often, what we dislike in others is something that we need to acknowledge, heal, integrate, and empower in ourselves. high school english teacher rick mitchell is a former journalist and music critic. so, it ’ s with credibility and enthusiasm that he uses american music


we dislike in others is something that we need to acknowledge, heal, integrate, and empower in ourselves. high school english teacher rick mitchell is a former journalist and music critic. so, it ’ s with credibility and enthusiasm that he uses american music to reveal america ’ s greatest contradiction : race. mitchell points out that " black artists have done the lion ' s share of the innovation, while white artists ( and white - owned labels ) have reaped the lion ' s share of the financial rewards. " to mitchell, music is just as important as photographs to document what people were thinking and feeling at the time. in this essay, mitchell shares music picks that help his students connect with the times and the literature they ’ re reading. you may be inspired to host “ hippie day ” after reading this essay. put on your love beads and strike up james brown ’ s “ i ’ m black, and i ’ m proud. " go to teaching essay : school days - pete seeger : how can i keep from singing? : a life of music and the power of millions of small changes. - freedom sings : harry belafonte ' s search for the musical roots of black america took him to the music of chain gangs, escaped slaves, early churches, and west africa. - who ' s afraid of music : music can tell truths that otherwise go unheard, inspiring action, and sustaining resistance. when 11th grade teacher wayne wah kwai au asked his literature and history students what images came to mind when he said, “ hawai ’ i, ” he got the ubiquitous responses, like beaches, coconuts, and palm trees. one male student shouted out, “ sex, hula, and naked ladies! ” that ’ s when au knew he needed to expand his students ’ perception beyond the glossy brochure photos. au ’ s curriculum asks students what kind of hawai ’ i is defined by tourist brochures ; to read haunani - kay trask ’ s native view ; and to learn about strong activists who have championed native hawai ’ ian resistance and survival. so, next time au asks his students what comes to mind when he says “ hawai ’ i, ” it will be more than pineapples, waikiki, and surfing. it will also be about proud and strong natives, lili ’ uokalani and sovereignty. go to teaching essay : what the tour guide didn ’ t tell me - economic recovery, hawaiian style : what indigenous economies can teach us about abundance. -


it will also be about proud and strong natives, lili ’ uokalani and sovereignty. go to teaching essay : what the tour guide didn ’ t tell me - economic recovery, hawaiian style : what indigenous economies can teach us about abundance. - starting with place : molokai students re - define their education : aka ` ula school students thrive as they research and create positive solutions for environmental issues affecting their own community. what about real, everyday heroes? in unsung heroes, howard zinn and bill bigelow encourage students to reach beyond the ubiquitous list of familiar and famous athletes, pop singers, and actors, and appreciate those who fought for social justice. and to ward off the alienation and gloom that students often feel after learning the real story of racism and exploitation, they are asked to acknowledge the unremembered heroes of the past and the unnoticed of the present. unsung heroes lessons and activities bring to life past and present people who embody values of generosity, solidarity, anti - racism, and democracy. you ’ ll also learn how to analyze strategies and aims of social movements — some don ’ t always work. one memorable activity invites students to be unsung heroes at the end of their lives, writing a letter of last reflections on their triumphs and regrets to a child or journalist. go to teaching essay : unsung heroes - climate heroes : kate sheppard interviews people on the front lines of climate action. - diy foreign policy heroes : think foreign policy is just for politicians? about the zinn education project the zinn education project reclaims people — not dates and events — as the ones making history and comes up with pedagogy to match. the project is dedicated to the idea that students learn that history is made not by a few heroic individuals, but instead by people ’ s choices and actions, thereby also learning that their own choices and actions matter. the project is a collaboration between its founder, a former student of zinn ’ s, and nonprofit education organizations, rethinking schools and teaching for change. zinn education project : more about the project. lesson essays by time period, by theme : more essays written by and used by classroom teachers offering activities and curricula on a spectrum of “ people ’ s history ” topics. for middle school grades and up. teacher resources : intelligent and evocative books, teacher guides, films, and more to augment your exploration of social movements and history. howard zinn ’ s talk with teachers : bill bigelo


the achilles ' heel of the american dream occupy demonstrations across the united states raise the urgent question : how can outpourings of discontent be developed into creative, community - rooted organizations capable of long - term work to reshape economic, political, and social life? anyone grappling with this task will appreciate amy sonnie and james tracy ’ s new book, hillbilly nationalists, urban race rebels, and black power. it makes a valuable contribution to our understanding of radical u. s. social - movement - building during the ’ 60s and ’ 70s by describing the organizing efforts of poor and working - class whites — a constituency historian roxanne dunbar - ortiz describes in the book ’ s introduction as “ the achilles ’ heel ” of the american dream. hillbilly nationalists combines archival research with extensive oral history to critically examine five white, working - class, radical community organizations — jobs or income now, young patriots organization, and rising up angry in chicago ; white lightning in the bronx ; and october 4th organization in philadelphia. these groups were inspired by the community - based “ organize your own ” strategies of the black panthers and distinguished themselves through their culturally - rooted approach to community organizing, described as “ meeting people where they were at. ” the book moves from profiles of an eclectic cast of working - class history makers such as peggy terry, junebug boykin, and mike james to the broader context of social, political, and economic changes of the time. by highlighting individuals and community organizations that defied assumptions about the racist and reactionary nature of poor and working - class white communities, sonnie and tracy provide us with important untold histories of the new left. these histories reveal how critiques of racism, patriarchy, and empire are a natural fit for class - based community organizing and remind us that poor communities of all colors have the capacity to define and confront, on their own terms, the injustices that constrain their lives. sean burns wrote this article for making it home, the summer 2012 issue of yes! magazine. sean is a berkeley - based historian and leads the band, professor burns and the lilac field. - bring on the next american revolution book review : at 96, grace boggs gives us a new handbook for transformation — from victims to empowered citizens. - invincible : detroit ’ s homegrown, hip - hop activism powerful, passionate, and politically charged rhymes that speak for marginalized people. - 10 everyday acts of resistance that changed the world vaclav havel called it “ the power of


fact sheet 10 cannabis and your mental health cannabis is the most common illicit drug used by young australians. 1 but there are many negative health effects linked to cannabis use, especially if you start using it when you are under 18 or use it regularly or over a long period of time. if you have a personal or family history of mental illness, cannabis use can trigger problems or make your symptoms worse. psychological effects of cannabis some people experience very unpleasant psychological effects when they use cannabis, like severe anxiety, paranoia or panic. generally, people who start smoking cannabis when they are teenagers, and smoke heavily, are more likely to experience negative effects. heavy or frequent use of cannabis may also lead to depression in later life, particularly for women. in some cases, cannabis can also cause confusion, having beliefs that are not based on reality ( delusions ) or seeing or hearing things that are not there ( hallucinations ). this is called psychosis. usually, it only lasts until the effects of the cannabis wear off and if the person isn ’ t used to the effects of cannabis or has consumed more than they are used to. having said that, there is now evidence that cannabis use in adolescence is linked with an increased risk of developing schizophrenia later in life. but some people have a greater risk of developing mental health problems than others. cannabis use may trigger psychosis if, for example, you have a family history of mental illness / schizophrenia. cannabis can also make symptoms worse in people who already have depression or schizophrenia. a lot of people don ’ t realise that it can also increase anxiety. some people attempt to deal with their depression or anxiety by smoking cannabis to ‘ escape ’. what they later discover is that their problems are made worse. if you have depression, cannabis may seem to help ease it before the effects of the drug wear off. but after that, using cannabis can make the depression worse. cannabis can also reduce your chances of recovery from a psychotic episode. the psychological effects of cannabis can have a ‘ flow - on ’ effect to other areas of your life, such as conflict at home or school / work, financial problems and memory problems, which also increase your risk of mental health problems. if you have a mental health problem, cannabis can cause other problems ( for example with school work or relationships ) that make dealing with your mental health problem harder. why cut out cannabis? while most people use cannabis to relax or have fun, the negative psychological effects of cannabis can be unpleasant in the short term. for many people, there are also more serious


) that make dealing with your mental health problem harder. why cut out cannabis? while most people use cannabis to relax or have fun, the negative psychological effects of cannabis can be unpleasant in the short term. for many people, there are also more serious effects in the longer term. - if you are under 18, using cannabis regularly is more likely to lead to dependence, mental health problems and more general problems in life, like conflict at home or school / work. - your chances of having problems with cannabis are greater if you already have emotional problems, or problems at school, at home, or with the law. - however old you are, cannabis use can cause bad psychological effects, like severe anxiety, paranoia or panic. - if you have a family history of mental health problems, using cannabis makes you more likely to develop mental health problems yourself. - if you already have a mental health problem like depression or schizophrenia, cannabis use is likely to make your symptoms worse, prolong episodes or cause you to relapse. tolerance and dependence when people use cannabis regularly, they can develop a tolerance to it. this means they need to take more and more to get the same effect. heavy and frequent use of cannabis can cause physical dependence. physical dependence occurs when a person ’ s body has adapted to a drug and is used to working with the drug present. it ’ s also possible to become psychologically dependent on cannabis. this means that using cannabis becomes far more important than other activities in life. some people crave the drug and find it very difficult to stop using it. the chance of becoming dependent on cannabis is similar to the chance of becoming dependent on alcohol. using cannabis when you are younger than 18 years of age makes it more likely that you will become tolerant to its effects or develop dependence. the more frequently you use cannabis, the greater the chance that you will become dependent. it also seems that young people can become dependent on cannabis using smaller amounts, and in a shorter time, than adults. managing your cannabis use deciding to do something about your cannabis use can be a big step and it may help to talk to someone you trust. this person could be a friend or family member or you may prefer to talk to a counsellor. some counsellors specialise in drug and alcohol treatment but any counsellor should be able to offer you help. a counsellor can help you to work out how best to manage your drug intake. counselling can either be done in a group or individually – your counsellor can help you work out which option


any counsellor should be able to offer you help. a counsellor can help you to work out how best to manage your drug intake. counselling can either be done in a group or individually – your counsellor can help you work out which option is best for you. if you have a mental health problem, it ’ s a good idea to talk to your doctor about your cannabis use, especially if you are taking any medications. drug and alcohol services and mental health services are available in most areas of australia and each state has information available from an alcohol and drug information service phone line. the more information and support section below lists phone numbers and websites with useful advice and contacts. key points to remember - if you ’ re at all concerned about your cannabis use, get help. call the cannabis information and helpline 1800 30 40 50 – for anonymous and non - judgmental support and advice, or call the alcohol and drug information service in your state ( see below ). - cannabis worsens the symptoms of existing mental health problems – if you have a mental health problem, it ’ s especially important that you get help to stop using cannabis. - if cannabis use starts taking up more and more of your time, it ’ s a sign that you are relying on it rather than developing other aspects of your life. this places you at risk of becoming dependent. - being dependent on cannabis increases your chances of experiencing its negative physical and psychological effects. - cannabis use makes you more likely to develop a serious mental health problem, especially psychosis, in the long term. more information and support - phone help lines and websites - national cannabis prevention and information centre – www. ncpic. org. au - somazone – www. somazone. com. au - cannabis information and helpline – 1800 30 40 50 - druginfo clearinghouse – 1300 85 85 84 state - based alcohol and drug information services : - act – ( 02 ) 6207 9977 - qld – 1800 177 833 - nsw – 1800 422 599 or ( 02 ) 9361 8000 - nt – 1800 131 350 - sa – 1300 131 340 or ( 08 ) 8363 8618 - vic – 1800 888 236 - tas – 1800 811 994 - wa – 1800 198 024 or ( 08 ) 9442 5000 this fact sheet is based on information from : - ncpic ( 2007 ) what ’ s the deal? cannabis facts for young people. adelaide : australian network for promotion, prevention and early intervention for mental health (


guides and case studies for hot - humid climates the department of energy ( doe ) has developed a series of best practices and case studies to help builders improve whole - house energy performance in buildings found in hot - humid climates. best practice guides new construction case studies project : bimini green home — plant city builder : palm harbor homes profile : builders challenge spotlight and features highly efficient 17 seer / 9 hspf heat pump, extra snug envelope sealing, and solar hot water system. project : cobblefield — gainesville builder : g. w. robinson builders profile : infill development of 265 single - family homes featuring improved air quality, better dehumidification, and hot water recirculation loop system. project : green smart zero energy home — gainesville builder : g. w. robinson profile : 2, 081 - square - foot production home with 16 - seer heat pump and ducts in conditioned space, radiant barrier in the attic over r - 38 blown cellulose to keep inside air cool for < 60 hers without photovoltaics ( pv ), - 3 hers with 6. 6 kw pv. project : habitat for humanity — lakeland builder : lakeland habitat for humanity profile : fifty affordable homes achieving at least 34 % energy savings through use of radiant barrier, conditioned ducts, and heat recovery systems. project : nextgen flex - home — orlando builder : genesis by champion homes profile : the modular home was built at the international builders show with a hers score of 58 using spray foam wall, hybrid hvac system, low - e double pane windows, and gathers energy from a delta wind system. project : sunsmart zero energy home - melbourne builder : lifestyle homes profile : affordable zero energy home with 14 seer heat pump and ducts in conditioned space, solar - powered attic fans, solar thermal water heating, concrete block walls with reflective insulation and air gap, plus pv. project : two zero energy homes - gainesville builder : tommy williams homes profile : an engineered duct design with ducts and 16 seer / 9. 5 hspf heat pump in conditioned space, solar thermal water heating, air sealing to 2. 3 ach @ 50pa, and raised heel energy trusses achieve hers < 60 without pv, - 2 with pv. project : project home again — new orleans builder : green coast enterprises profile : largest developer of builders challenge - qualified homes in louisiana constructs energy - efficient, storm - resistant homes achieving hers scores of 66. project : bryant park cottages — hilton head builder


project : project home again — new orleans builder : green coast enterprises profile : largest developer of builders challenge - qualified homes in louisiana constructs energy - efficient, storm - resistant homes achieving hers scores of 66. project : bryant park cottages — hilton head builder : coastal habitats construction & development profile : by right sizing hvac units, conditioning ducts, superior insulation, and solar hot water system, these houses achieve approximately 50 % energy savings. project : 779 builders challenge homes in 2010 - houston builder : david weekley homes profile : builder with largest number of builders challenge homes in 2010 achieves this with superior insulation, air sealing, and framing ; high - efficiency hvac, appliances and lighting to reach hers scores of 59 - 68. project : monterrey model - san antonio builder : imagine homes profile : this 3, 600 - square - foot production home with hvac in conditioned space in spray - foam - insulated sealed attic ; spray - foamed rim joists ; advanced frame walls with r - 3 foam sheathing ; scores 48 on hers index without pv. project : timbercreek zero energy house - lewisville profile : more than 5, 000 people have toured this 2, 500 - square - foot spray and rigid foam - insulated demonstration home that scores 1 on hers index with pv. solutions that work across climates doe has developed several building solutions that work across climate regions. - insulation : a guide for contractors to share with homeowners identifies steps to take to increase insulation in homes, ensure healthy levels of ventilation, and prevent moisture problems. - hvac : a guide for contractors to share with homeowners offers tips about energy - efficient heating, ventilation, and cooling options to help homeowners cut their energy use, reduce carbon footprint, and increase their homes ' comfort, health, and safety. - energy performance techniques and technologies : preserving historic homes ( volume 13 ) focuses on being aware of and adhering to historic designation regulations, and addressing health and safety issues while preserving the features that make historic homes appealing. - air sealing : a guide for contractors to share with homeowners ( volume 10. provides information to help homeowners understand ways to seal unwanted air leaks in homes, while ensuring healthy levels of ventilation and avoiding indoor air pollution. - solar thermal & photovoltaic systems ( volume 6 ) features current photovoltaic and solar thermal building practices by more than a dozen builders. for additional, updated information on hundreds of building science topics that can help you build or retrofit to the most recent high -


panorama from mars rover shows mount sharp lower slopes of mount sharp remain a destination for the curiosity mission. march 18, 2013 rising above the present location of nasa ' s mars rover curiosity, higher than any mountain in the 48 contiguous states of the united states, mount sharp is featured in new imagery from the rover. this mosaic of images from the mast camera ( mastcam ) on nasa ' s mars rover curiosity shows mount sharp in a white - balanced color adjustment that makes the sky look overly blue but shows the terrain as if under earth - like lighting. / / nasa / jpl - caltech / msss a pair of mosaics assembled from dozens of telephoto images shows mount sharp in dramatic detail. the component images were taken by the 100 - millimeter - focal - length telephoto lens camera mounted on the right side of curiosity ' s remote sensing mast during the 45th martian day of the rover ' s mission on mars — september 20, 2012. this layered mound, also called aeolis mons, in the center of gale crater rises more than 3 miles ( 5 kilometers ) above the crater floor location of curiosity. lower slopes of mount sharp remain a destination for the mission, though the rover will first spend many more weeks around a location called " yellowknife bay, " where it has found evidence of a past environment favorable for microbial life. in the version of the mosaic that has been white - balanced, it shows the terrain as if under earth - like lighting, which makes the sky look overly blue. white - balanced versions help scientists recognize rock materials based on their terrestrial experience. the martian sky would look like more of a butterscotch color to the human eye. the version of the mosaic with raw color displays how a typical smart - phone camera would show the scene. this mosaic of images from the mast camera ( mastcam ) on nasa ' s mars rover curiosity shows mount sharp in raw color as recorded by the camera. raw color shows the scene ' s colors as they would look in a typical smart - phone camera photo, before any adjustment. / / nasa / jpl - caltech / msss in both versions, the sky has been filled out by extrapolating color and brightness information from the portions of the sky that were captured in images of the terrain. nasa ' s mars science laboratory project is using curiosity and the rover ' s 10 science instruments to investigate environmental history within gale crater, a location where the project has found that conditions were long ago favorable for microbial life.


role of states and local communitiesin every state, and in many local communities, there are examples of how the application of technology has transformed teaching and learning, and improved student achievement. state leaders, such as governors, state legislators, and state utility regulators, are building information infrastructures and supporting teacher professional development ( see appendix c for examples of state support for technology in education ). local community leaders, such as school district officials, school board members, educators, families, students, and other interested citizens, are developing plans to use technology in schools and are raising money to implement them. these pioneers have a tremendous opportunity to maximize the impact of their efforts by reaching out to those districts and communities that are not as far along. california schools that were wired on netday ' 96, for example, can help the next wave of california schools. similarly, school districts with effective professional development or technical support programs can share these ideas with others. leadership and planningsustained state and local community leadership will be required to meet the nation ' s technology goals. by putting forth compelling visions of the use of technology in education and fostering a sense of urgency, teachers, parents, educators, administrators, and policymakers at all levels can build public awareness and support for the effective use of technology in classrooms. leadership also means setting high standards for the results expected from the use of technology for both students and educators. alaska, for example, considers technological literacy a content area for which it should hold students accountable. building and supporting the infrastructure needed to bring about the increased use of technology in schools is an enormously complex undertaking. any effort that does not seek out the best thinking available, and that does not reach out to all members of the community will be difficult to sustain. university personnel, museum and library staff and volunteers, and members of other private or industry groups, for example, can all provide valuable expertise and are often overlooked resources. families of students are also valuable participants in the planning process, not only in identifying how technology can be used in the classroom, but also in how it can be used to support learning at home. some state and community plans may include linking schools with homes, enabling students to continue learning with technology at home and parents to communicate with schools and to better participate in their children ' s education. indeed, before making investments, communities will want to understand how much they will need to invest and what benefits they will likely receive. and states and communities can assist each other in the planning process. for example, as more states and districts come on - line


, before making investments, communities will want to understand how much they will need to invest and what benefits they will likely receive. and states and communities can assist each other in the planning process. for example, as more states and districts come on - line, they can share local and state technology plans and specific information about the challenges they face and solutions they have adopted. until recently schools could rely on the tools they have always used - - paper, pencils, and books - - to accomplish their basic mission of equipping students with the skills and knowledge they need to be productive citizens. today, that is no longer true. - - district superintendent, northwest regional forum ongoing support for teachersstates, school districts, and schools play a critical role in ensuring that teachers receive adequate training in how to use technology to improve learning and that they receive the ongoing support they need to use technology well in the classroom. states can begin by setting high standards for teachers ' skills in technology. state teacher certification requirements that ask that teachers have a working knowledge of educational technology and how to use it in the classroom to improve student achievement would send important signals to teacher training institutions and prospective teachers. once teachers are in the workforce, states and school districts can require and encourage ongoing training in the use of technology. for example, as part of state and local professional development strategies, states and school districts can require in - service training in technology that is both sufficiently sustained and intensive to bring teachers up to speed with this new tool for teaching and learning. states and school districts can also tie pay raises and promotions to training in technology and effective use of technology in the classroom. they also can ensure that teachers have the technical support they need by budgeting for staff to maintain equipment and otherwise provide much - needed technical support. teachers can often help each other learn new technological skills. for example, a trained cadre of exemplary technology - using teachers can help train and support other teachers, and, in this manner, sustain a state ' s efforts over the long term. or, through the use of local or state wide networks, teachers can communicate with each other, get advice from each other on how to use technology to improve their teaching and their students ' performance, and update each other on technological advances. finally, states and districts can allocate adequate resources to teacher training and support in the context of their overall technology budget. today, less than 9 percent of technology funding is allocated to teacher development and ongoing support, but at least 30 percent is necessary for teachers to have the training and support


states can reap savings through bulk purchasing by creating master bid lists that schools and districts can use to order computers and other equipment. schools and districts can also network computers in new ways ( for example, by connecting a powerful server to a number of less powerful computers ) to create cost - effective access to technology. states can also work closely with private industry to develop lower - cost computers specially designed to meet the needs of teachers and students. effective educational software and on - line learning resourcesstates and districts have an important role to play in ensuring that effective educational software is available for students and their teachers. as more and more states and communities develop their own standards of what students should know and be able to do, the demand grows for educational software that helps students learn basic and advanced skills in all of the core subject areas. to ensure that suitable software is available, states and districts can work closely with software producers to develop software that meets the needs and goals of their students. to create a large enough market to spur the private sector to produce high - quality software appropriate for schools, states or districts may band together to support the development of high - quality software that helps to teach the basic and advanced material and skills they expect their students to know, purchase software in bulk, and tailor their procurement processes for the specifics of the software marketplace. today, there is already a great deal of educational software available to schools. but teachers need help in identifying which products will help them in the classroom. states and school districts can assist by evaluating software and developing lists of high - quality software for schools and teachers to use. even the one computer i have had in my classroom for the past year has made a big difference. the computer touches students in a unique way and sparks enthusiasm for learning. - - elementary school teacher, southeast regional forum adequate financial support and equitable accesswhile some states and communities have already committed themselves to investing hundreds of millions of dollars to connect schools, others will need to find creative ways to redirect existing educational funds to support the use of technology in education. one promising possibility is for state leaders to take advantage of the opportunities afforded by the recent passage of the telecommunications act of 1996, which makes it easier for states to adopt rules that lower the costs of connections and services to schools. many local communities do not have the resources to reach the nation ' s technology goals. recognizing this, states could distribute funds based on need or through competitive grants with preference given to the neediest districts. in many cases, state and local efforts to ensure equitable access


resources from edc ' s cshp initiative about the book health is academic about the modules talking about health is academic resources from other edc resources from other organizations and initiatives self - study guide for ches subdivided into the following catagories : note : cdc resources are marked with a * - building business support for school health programs : an action guide the national association of state boards of education ( nasbe ) developed this guide to help state and local coalitions communicate effectively with the public about the nature and benefits of coordinated school health programs ( cshps ). it describes how to build support among the business community and guides readers through such steps as assembling communications teams and strategies, working with business leaders and employees, reaching out to the media, and handling difficult or controversial this manual, prepared by the academy for educational development ( aed ) with the centers for disease control and prevention ( cdc ), is designed to assist those responsible for developing coordinated school health infrastructure at state and local levels. it is a planning tool for developing organizational supports to build a coordinated school health program and an implementation tool for institutionalizing those supports at the state and local levels. - fit, healthy, and ready to learn this guide from the national association of state boards of education ( nasbe ) is designed to help state and local decision - makers establish effective policies to foster academic achievement and lifelong healthy habits among students. it provides guidance on developing an overall school healthy policy framework and specific policies to promote physical activity and healthy eating and discourage the use of tobacco. - school health starter kit this kit, sponsored by the council of chief state school officers and the association of state and territorial health officials with funding from the centers for disease control and prevention, is designed to help schools and communities build support for coordinated school health by describing it to the general public. the materials include ( 1 ) an overview of the benefits of coordinated school health, ( 2 ) clear, jargon - free messages that resonate with target audiences ( e. g., parents and school personnel ), and ( 3 ) tools to enable action, including a cd - rom that users can customize for their own marketing activities. - step by step to health promoting schools : a guide to implementing coordinated school health programs in local schools and districts developed by education, training and research associates ( etr associates ), this book is a guide to assist schools and their collaborating partners as they implement a coordinated school health program. this book helps administrators, teachers, nurses, counselors, social workers, other school staff, parents


and research associates ( etr associates ), this book is a guide to assist schools and their collaborating partners as they implement a coordinated school health program. this book helps administrators, teachers, nurses, counselors, social workers, other school staff, parents / guardians, and health - related agencies within an individual school, at the district level, or both, assess their school needs and resources and create coalitions for change. back to top this is the fourth annual report prepared by the interagency forum on child and family statistics on the condition of children in the united states. included are eight contextual measures that describe the changing population, family characteristics, and context in which children are living and 23 indicators of well - being in the areas of economic security, health, behavior and social environment, and education. this is the third annual report from the u. s. departments of education and justice describing the nature and extent of crime and violence on school property, as well as the measures that some schools have taken to prevent and address school violence. the encyclopedia of ed stats brings together data from several national center for education statistics sources, including : the condition of education, the digest of education statistics, projections of education statistics, and youth indicators. youth funding database ( hy - fund ) formerly known as the adolescent and school health funding database, this resource contains information on federal, foundation, and state - specific funding sources for school health programs. this report, the third in a series of annual reports on school crime and safety from the bureau of justice statistics and the national center for education statistics, presents the latest available data on school crime and student safety. it synthesizes information from a variety of independent data sources from federal departments and agencies including the bureau of justice statistics, the national center for education statistics, and the centers for disease control and this report presents an overview of the key findings from the 2000 monitoring the future survey of 8th, 10th, and 12th grade students, which is funded by the national institute on drug abuse. it emphasizes recent trends in the use of various licit and illicit drugs covered by the study and shows trends in the levels of perceived risk and perceived disapproval associated with each drug. this is the fourth edition of an annual report from the u. s. department of health and human services ( hhs ) on trends in the well - being of our nations children and youth. the report presents recent and reliable estimates on more than 90 indicators of well - being. it is intended to provide the policy community, the media, and all interested citizens with


describes research - based practices designed to assist schools and communities in identifying warning signs and developing prevention, intervention, and crisis response plans. safeguarding our children is a follow - up guide that emphasizes early intervention and prevention and the importance of teamwork among educators, mental health professionals, parents, and the first bulletin in the office of juvenile justice and delinquency preventions ( ojjdp ) family strengthening series, this document will inform you of the latest research detailing the crucial role played by the family in delinquency prevention and will describe ojjdps strengthening americas families initiative. mental health : a report of the surgeon general provides an up - to - date review of scientific advances in the study of mental health and of mental illnesses that affect at least one in five americans. the national action agenda represents an outgrowth of this report and introduces a blueprint for addressing children ' s mental health needs in the united states. this guide from the national institute on drug abuse was written in a question - and - answer format to provide important research - based concepts and information and further efforts to develop and implement effective drug abuse prevention programs. specific questions were solicited from state and local drug abuse prevention practitioners and key leaders in national prevention organizations. the answers were developed in consultation with prevention scientists. this report from the secretary of health and human services and the secretary of education, released by the white house, november 29, 2000, outlines ten strategies to promote health through lifelong participation in enjoyable and safe physical activity and sports. includes a bibliography and appendices of helpful materials. this report introduces a blueprint for addressing suicideawareness, intervention, and methodology, or aim. the action steps presented in this document were prioritized from among a variety of recommendations developed through a public - private collaboration of non - governmental organizations, federal and state governmental agencies, corporations and foundations, and public health, health, mental health experts. back to top - programs that work ( centers for disease control and preventiondivision of adolescent and school health ) other major reviews tools for selecting programs back to top if you would like to suggest further resources to include here, please contact email @ example. com.


by duncan tonatiuh publishers weekly suggestive of stained glass windows, tonatiuh ' s mixed - media collages combine ancient mexican art motifs with blocky, stylized figures, to pay tribute to this versatile artist. rivera paired classical and modern techniques with traditional mexican aesthetics to create socially and politically relevant murals. tonatiuh invites readers to speculate about what rivera might paint if he were alive today - " would he paint students at their desks... just as he painted factory workers in the production line? " - while creating vignettes whose symmetries draw further connections between past and present. tonatiuh ' s biography celebrates rivera, but focuses on the inspiration driving artistic expression in his time and in our own. ages 5 - 9. ( may ) ( c ) copyright pwxyz, llc. all rights reserved. ( c ) copyright pwxyz, llc. all rights reserved school library journal k - gr 3 - tonatiuh relates key moments in the famous muralist ' s life and ponders what would capture his interest if he were alive today. the stylized brown figures are shown in profile with open mouths, exaggerated features, and heads that seem hinged to the bodies. with only one page mentioning the subject ' s childhood ( in which the young artist is wearing a hat and suit as he draws near his toys ), the text concentrates instead on how rivera internalized traditional and modern styles while studying art in europe, absorbed the aesthetics of ancient mexican civilizations after returning home, and then applied his training to local politics and culture. in scenes both thoughtful and humorous, tonatiuh contrasts interpretations of rivera ' s work with renderings of imagined work today. a contemporary mall scene faces the flower vendor with calla lilies. dynamic, brightly lit luchadores ( professional wrestlers ) are paired with a scene of aztec warriors and conquistadores. back matter includes a glossary of words / concepts in sequence, an author ' s note, selected sites for viewing the murals, and a list of specific works that inspired the cartoonlike art. students looking closely will note that some of rivera ' s historical paintings include brown figures, in profile, mouths open. the original murals can be found along with biographical details in mike venezia ' s diego rivera ( children ' s press, 1995 ) and in guadalupe rivera marin ' s highly personal my papa diego and me / mi papa diego y yo ( children ' s book press, 2009 ). an inspired approach that combines child appeal, cultural anthropology


diego rivera ( children ' s press, 1995 ) and in guadalupe rivera marin ' s highly personal my papa diego and me / mi papa diego y yo ( children ' s book press, 2009 ). an inspired approach that combines child appeal, cultural anthropology, and art history. - wendy lukehart, washington dc public library ( c ) copyright 2011. library journals llc, a wholly owned subsidiary of media source, inc. no redistribution permitted. ( c ) copyright 2010. library journals llc, a wholly owned subsidiary of media source, inc. no redistribution permitted. book list in this illustrated biography, tonatiuh introduces diego rivera and shows how the mexican artist drew on the history of his people for his murals, which combined ancient mexican art with modern styles. then tonatiuh asks a crucial question : what would rivera paint if he were alive today? would he paint the bustle of city life. would he paint the way we play. working in his own blend of styles, working motifs borrowed from ancient mexican art into contemporary images, the pictures show kids on busy city streets with laptops and cell phones, scooters and rollerblades, shopping at the mall. a long author ' s note fills in more about tonatiuh ' s inspiration and his technique, drawing first by hand and then creating digital collages. with only one reproduction of rivera ' s work, this title won ' t give young people much sense of rivera ' s style, but kids will want to talk about the great painter, and young artists will find inspiration for their own creations. - - rochman, haze. copyright 2010 booklist from booklist, copyright © american library association. used with permission.


declining water resources, land degradation and a rise in sea levels of a few centimetres are all direct consequences of rising temperatures. " in urban areas, temperature increases of 1 to 3º c could expose between 6 and 25 million people to the risk of coastal flooding, " say nicolas peridy from the university of toulon - var and ahmed ghoneim from cairo university, the authors of this study. ecosystems could also undergo changes. " these impacts are likely to affect economic activities with major effects on agriculture and tourism, following the significant drop in crop yields and increased salination of the land due to erosion and soil pollution by salt, " according to the report. the study predicts an increase of 2°c within 15 to 20 years and between 4 and 6. 5°c by the end of the 21st century. a sharp drop in rainfall, estimated at 20 %, will also hit the maghreb and the middle east. the water deficit could affect 80 to 100 million people in the coming years. this is considered a " worrying " situation, as the people of the maghreb and the middle east currently have the lowest water resources. some countries have already evaluated these changes and are developing action plans with the support of the european commission and the world bank. " in terms of water management, many adaptation measures can be implemented through rational use of water, based on new pricing systems and recycling. " finally, the authors of the femise report recommend that, " measures related to new supply sources, such as desalination, should be considered ". these actions, which are considered insufficient, require large - scale implementation. countries must boost structural changes and coordinate their environmental policies. femise is an eu - funded project, which aims to contribute to the reinforcement of dialogue on economic and financial issues in the euro - mediterranean partnership, within the framework of the european neighbourhood policy and the union for the mediterranean.


volume 3, number 2 — june 1997 seroepidemiologic studies of hantavirus infection among wild rodents in california a total of 4, 626 mammals were serologically tested for antibodies to sin nombre virus. all nonrodent species were antibody negative. among wild rodents, antibody prevalence was 8. 5 % in murids, 1. 4 % in heteromyids, and < 0. 1 % in sciurids. of 1, 921 peromyscus maniculatus ( deer mice ), 226 ( 11. 8 % ) were antibody positive, including one collected in 1975. the highest antibody prevalence ( 71. 4 % of 35 ) was found among p. maniculatus on santa cruz island, off the southern california coast. prevalence of antibodies among deer mice trapped near sites of human cases ( 26. 8 % of 164 ) was significantly higher than that of mice from other sites ( odds ratio = 4. 5 ; 95 % confidence interval = 1. 7, 11. 6 ). antibody prevalence increased with rising elevation ( > 1, 200 meters ) and correlated with a spatial cluster of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome cases in the sierra nevada. in spring 1993, a cluster of unexplained severe acute respiratory illnesses associated with a high death rate was reported in the southwestern united states ( 1 ). the outbreak was linked to a newly recognized hantavirus strain, sin nombre virus ( snv ), carried by the deer mouse, peromyscus maniculatus ( 2 - 5 ). sporadic cases of the illness, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome ( hps ), were subsequently identified in other regions of north america, especially the western united states ( 6, 7 ). three additional pathogenic viruses associated with hps were later discovered outside the usual range of p. maniculatus : 1 ) black creek canal virus, harbored by the cotton rat, sigmodon hispidus, in florida ; 2 ) bayou virus, identified in the rice rat, oryzomys palustris, in louisiana ; and 3 ) new york virus, isolated from the white - footed deer mouse, peromyscus leucopus, in new york ( 8 - 12 ). these viruses have not been found in california ; however, two novel hantaviruses, el moro canyon virus ( emcv ) and isla vista virus ( isla ), were recently discovered in that state ( 13 - 15 ). genetic studies identified the harvest mouse, reith


california ; however, two novel hantaviruses, el moro canyon virus ( emcv ) and isla vista virus ( isla ), were recently discovered in that state ( 13 - 15 ). genetic studies identified the harvest mouse, reithrodontomys megalotis, and the california meadow vole, microtus californicus, as the reservoirs for emcv and isla, respectively. human infection with emcv and isla has not been documented. through 31 january 1997, 156 cases of hps were reported to the centers for disease control and prevention ( cdc ) ; the case - fatality rate is approximately 50 % ( t. ksiazek, p. rollin, unpub. data ). hps has been confirmed in 26 states, with california reporting the third largest number of cases ( 14 cases, 8 deaths ), after new mexico ( 29 cases ) and arizona ( 22 cases ). hantaviruses are excreted in the urine, feces, and saliva of asymptomatic infected rodents ( 16 ). transmission to humans occurs when aerosols contaminated with the virus are inhaled ( 16 - 18 ). bites by infected rodents or exposure to broken skin or mucous membranes may represent alternative routes. although specific risk factors are poorly defined, persons engaging in activities that bring them in contact with rodents and / or their excretions may be at a higher risk for infection ( 19 ). the present study compiles retrospective and prospective serologic data to 1 ) confirm p. maniculatus as the primary reservoir of snv and identify alternative reservoirs, if any, in california ; 2 ) assess differences in snv seroprevalence in vector populations from various geographic regions ; and 3 ) compare seroprevalence rates of reservoirs collected near sites of human cases with those from other sites. the california department of health services ( cdhs ) contacted 18 agencies ( local vector control districts, local health and environmental health departments, universities, state and national park and forest services, the military, and wildlife refuges ) involved in cross - sectional surveys of california mammals to participate in developing a centralized, statewide database of snv serologic results and ecologic data. historical surveys used archived specimens collected in 1975, 1976, and 1988 and stored at the university of california, berkeley, museum of vertebrate zoology, and specimens collected from 1989 through early 1993 by local vector control districts. prospective surveys and human case investigations were conducted from late 1993 through


in 1975, 1976, and 1988 and stored at the university of california, berkeley, museum of vertebrate zoology, and specimens collected from 1989 through early 1993 by local vector control districts. prospective surveys and human case investigations were conducted from late 1993 through the end of 1995. wild rodent trapping and processing methods were as previously described ( 20 ). reports by participating agencies included ecologic data on individual mammals ( species, age, and sex ). information on survey sites included county, physical location of trapline, date of survey, elevation, and habitat. habitat was categorized by a single dominant vegetation type : chaparral, conifer trees, grassland, hardwood trees, sage / scrub brush, or urban environment ( 21 ). within 2 weeks after a confirmed diagnosis of hps, the patient or a surrogate was interviewed to determine potential sites of exposure to infected rodents. an environmental / ecologic investigation was conducted at possible sites of exposure ( 20, 22 ). rodent serum samples were tested by one or more of six laboratories ( cdc ; cdhs ; university of new mexico ; university of california, davis ; and university of nevada, reno ). serum samples were examined for igg antibodies to the snv nucleocapsid protein by western blot and / or enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay with cdc reagents ( 23, 24 ). for archived specimens, liver tissue from frozen carcasses was used for polymerase chain reaction ( pcr ) ( 22, 25 ). descriptive data were analyzed by epi info, version 6. 0 ( 26 ). frequency distributions were obtained, and chi - square tests of homogeneity for two - by - two contingency tables were used to examine the statistical significance of any association. a crude relationship between altitude and snv - antibody prevalence was assessed by the mantel - cox test for trend. adjusted odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals were calculated by logistic - binomial regression ( 27 ). a random effects model was chosen because of the presence of important clustering effects from the sampling design. the presence or absence of antibodies to snv was the primary dependent variable, and characteristics that were identified in the descriptive analysis were the independent variables. data from samples collected on the channel islands were analyzed separately from mainland data where indicated. sin nombre virus antibody prevalence a total of 4, 626 ( 4, 549 rodent and 77 nonrodent species ) mammals representing 47 species were collected between 1975 and 1995 in


the channel islands were analyzed separately from mainland data where indicated. sin nombre virus antibody prevalence a total of 4, 626 ( 4, 549 rodent and 77 nonrodent species ) mammals representing 47 species were collected between 1975 and 1995 in california and serologically tested for igg antibodies to snv ( table 1 ). wild rodents ( most 3, 109, from the family muridae ) made up 98 % of the sample, followed by sciuridae ( 1, 369 ), and heteromyidae ( 71 ). among the muridae, 78 % were deer mice or related species, 11 % were wood rats, 6 % were domestic rodents ( house mice, rats ), 3 % were harvest mice, and fewer than 1 % were meadow voles or cotton rats. antibodies to snv were found only among wild rodents. prevalence of antibodies reactive with snv was 8. 5 % among the muridae, 1. 4 % among the heteromyidae, and less than 0. 1 % among the sciuridae. nonrodent species tested included 74 carnivores ( five domestic dogs, canis familiaris ; 26 coyotes, canis latrans ; 25 island foxes, urocyon littoralis ; six domestic cats, felis domesticus ; two opossums, didelphis virginiana ; three striped skunks, mephitis mephitis ; seven raccoons, procyon lotor ), one black - tailed jackrabbit, lepus californicus, one nuttall ' s cottontail, silvilagus nuttallii, and one shrew, sorex sp. deer mouse populations of 1, 921 p. maniculatus, 226 ( 11. 8 % ) had antibodies to snv ( table 1 ). other peromyscine - related species ( e. g., cactus mice, canyon mice, california mice, and pinyon mice ) also had antibodies to snv, but prevalence was lower. in almost all instances, infected p. maniculatus were collected at the same site as snv - antibody - positive animals of other species. retrospectively, antibodies to snv were identified in 3 ( 6. 0 % ) of 50 deer mice specimens collected in 1975 ( 1 of 22, 4. 5 % ), 1976 ( 2 of 17, 11. 8 % ), 1981 ( 0 of 2 ), 1992 (


were identified in 3 ( 6. 0 % ) of 50 deer mice specimens collected in 1975 ( 1 of 22, 4. 5 % ), 1976 ( 2 of 17, 11. 8 % ), 1981 ( 0 of 2 ), 1992 ( 0 of 1 ), and early 1993 ( 0 of 8 ). the three seropositive p. maniculatus collected by the university of california, berkeley in 1975 and 1976 were from alameda, kern, and mono counties. frozen liver tissue available from the seropositive kern county specimen yielded a pcr sequence of the g1 amplimer of snv that differed from a p. maniculatus collected in nearby mono county in 1994 by only five residues out of 274. the largest comparative protein dissimilarity was with a p. maniculatus from the channel islands, which differed by seven amino acid substitutions. among the deer mice for which age ( 1, 165 animals, 87 % adults ) and sex ( 1, 239 animals, 57 % male ) were available, snv antibody prevalence was, respectively, 13. 5 % in adults and 6. 7 % in juveniles and 13. 0 % in males and 10. 1 % in females. differences in age ( chi - square = 5. 5 ) and sex ( chi - square = 2. 5 ) were not significant. thirty - four of the state ' s 58 counties were surveyed ( table 2 ). antibodies to snv were identified in deer mice from 21 ( 62 % ) of these counties ( figure 1 ). most samples were from coastal counties ( 56 % ), followed by foothill / mountainous ( 36 % ) and inland / valley ( 8 % ) counties. among these, the prevalence was 14. 5 % of 684 in the foothills / mountains, 11. 6 % of 112 on the coast, and 0. 7 % of 151 in the inland / valley areas. one hundred and thirty - nine individual sites were surveyed within 34 counties with a mean of four sites per county ( table 2 ). antibody prevalence at individual sites was 0. 0 % to 71. 4 % ( 25 of 35 tested on santa cruz island, santa barbara county ). in the sierras, the highest antibody prevalence ( 50. 0 % of 52 ) was found in deer mice captured in truckee, nevada county, during a human case - patient investigation ( table 3, case 3 ). at least one snv - antibody - positive mouse was detected at each mainland site where


% of 52 ) was found in deer mice captured in truckee, nevada county, during a human case - patient investigation ( table 3, case 3 ). at least one snv - antibody - positive mouse was detected at each mainland site where 38 or more mice were tested. the channel islands, a group of eight islands located south of the santa barbara - los angeles coast, are 20 km ( anacapa ) to 98 km ( san nicolas ) from the mainland and 5 km to 45 km from each other. despite the proximity between them, snv - antibody prevalence varied significantly between islands. antibody prevalence in deer mice trapped on the islands ( 20. 9 % of 382 ) was significantly higher than that of deer mice from the mainland ( chi - square = 40. 9, p < 0. 001 ). in addition, channel island sequences differed by approximately 17 % to 19 % from any mainland california sequences ( 22, 25 ). the highest prevalence was found on santa cruz and santa rosa islands, where, respectively, 25 ( 71. 4 % ) of 35 and 47 ( 58 % ) of 81 deer mice were snv - antibody positive. antibody prevalence among deer mice on the other islands was 7 ( 17. 9 % ) of 39 on san miguel, 1 ( 14. 3 % ) of 7 on santa catalina, and 1 ( 2. 9 % ) of 34 on san clemente. however, deer mice sampled on anacapa ( n = 37 ), san nicolas ( n = 91 ), and santa barbara ( n = 58 ) islands were all snv - antibody negative. a higher snv - antibody prevalence was observed in the sierra nevada, great basin, and southern coastal habitats ( figure 1 ). likewise, antibody prevalence was higher among deer mice trapped in vegetation associated with these environments : 15. 1 % of 531 in conifer, 14. 8 % of 597 in grassland, 13. 4 % of 86 in hardwood, 11. 2 % of 165 in sage / scrub brush, and 5. 8 % of 474 in chaparral. in urban environments, only 2. 9 % of 68 deer mice were snv - antibody positive. antibody prevalence among deer mice increased significantly ( p < 0. 001 ) with rising altitude ( figure 2 ). in the regression model, adjusted odds ratios steadily increased with elevation, peaking at 4. 3 in the 1, 800 - to 2, 100 - meter range ( 95 % confidence intervals = 1. 3, 16