. the former cost bs 1, 30 while the second are bs 1, 50 - 2, 30 depending on duration. a trufi will generally cost you bs 3 - 3. 50. all types have their routes indicated on the windshield, but mini buses have the bonus of fare collectors hanging out the side, yelling out routes in a rapid, auctioneer - like manner. you can hail a bus or mini bus anywhere ; to get off, just yell out " ¡ voy a bajar! " the easiest way to get around is by taxi. they aren ' t metered, so agree on a fare before boarding ; a ride within downtown should be about bs 6 - 8. if you want to go further, ask two or more taxi drivers before boarding. a normal ride by taxi from downtown to a place within the city won ' t cost more than bs 20. if you ever find yourself to be lost, in general the easiest thing is to simply walk downhill. you will eventually find yourself on the prado or another main avenue, then you ' ll be able to take a taxi to the downtown, if you are on the southside of the city ( zona sur ). - sagarnaga street, ( just south of plaza san francisco ). la paz ' main tourist strip. it ' s mainly a market street with artesano and souvenir stores, but you ' ll also find budget hostels, tour and travel agencies, cafes, and lots and lots of backpackers. don ' t be suckered by the roving sellers of " trilobite - in - a - rock ". - the witches ' market, ( mercado de hechiceria or mercado de las brujas ). calle linares between sagarnaga and santa cruz. vendors sell llama fetuses and dried frogs for aymara rituals, as well as soapstone figurines and aphrodisiac formulas. this street is also the best place to pick up a charango or other bolivian musical instrument. - eloy salmon. shops on this street sell cheap electronics. - calle jaen. one of the few places in the city with preserved colonial buildings, currently housing several interesting museums. - plaza murillo. contains government buildings and the city cathedral. - the valle de la luna. surreal, weathered rock. just outside the city. take a local bus to mallasa ( bs2. 30 ) or a taxi ( bs 35 ) or join a tour


. contains government buildings and the city cathedral. - the valle de la luna. surreal, weathered rock. just outside the city. take a local bus to mallasa ( bs2. 30 ) or a taxi ( bs 35 ) or join a tour. the entrance to the park is located next to the flags and costs bs15. if you want to see more eroded formations with glittering diamond like silver and pink sand, try going on a red bus to alpacoma from calle buenos aires, then take a bs. 2. 00 trufi to the brick ovens, then walk a few minutes over the pass to the upper achocalla valley ( towards the well - hidden municipal dump ). - the thursday & sunday market in el alto or feria de 16 de julio. a huge market held in el alto every thursday and sunday. this mostly aimara market is one of the world ' s biggest, and a person can find just about anything. the latest software and dvds are practically free as are high quality used clothes, jackets, sweaters and everything else imaginable. for newbies, stick to the railroad tracks starting at the ceja and ending at plaza ballivian. do not bring anything valuable ( like camera or iphone ) and keep your money ( except small bills like 10 ' s ) inside your clothing. bring sunblock. as a long time resident of bolivia, this is one of my favorite pass times and the area where i have practically furnished my house, dressed my kids and bought plants for my garden. on fair days there are hundreds of mini buses leaving from the prado. - the self - guided public transport tour. the best way to see the real la paz is to jump on and off public transport minibuses and micros at random, go to the end of the line, turn around and jump off at any place that looks interesting. there is no way to get lost and each jump on and off costs about $ us 0. 15. buy fruit and so on along the way and talk to people in the periferal zones. quite safe. - mercado uruguay, a labyrinth of street market stalls on a steep slope. best fish meals in the city ( " fish alley " ). from the corner of santa cruz and illampu walk up hill about four blocks... othat is, two blocks will bring you to the round plaza 14 de septiembre. one block straight up will bring you to eloy salmon, and another block to the market.


illampu walk up hill about four blocks... othat is, two blocks will bring you to the round plaza 14 de septiembre. one block straight up will bring you to eloy salmon, and another block to the market. - circular circuit of culture and art : one ticket for three awesome museums, visit la paz museums, one ticket for three within a week! with the aim of promoting the cultural and historical heritage of la paz and bolivia, we launched a single ticket to access the circuit, which will be sold at tourist agencies, hotels and the museums of the circuit. the three museums of the circuit are san francisco museum : a catholic - indigenous face, the national ethnographic and folk museum : a trip through bolivian cultures, and the national museum of art : exhibitions, collections, history and more. - museum san francisco, plaza san francisco. this restored religious complex has housed some of bolivia ' s most important historical moments, including the birth of the independence revolution of 1809. also, one can climb the church tower to get a panoramic view of both the indigenous and mestiza quarters. displays are in spanish and english along with personal guides. - national ethnographic and folk museum, ingavi 916, esq. jenaro sanjines. the musef shows us the bolivian cultures in their historic dimension and their current situation. these cultures are alive in the cities and the countryside, in markets, schools and churches, in streets, the jungle or a minibus. not a single corner of bolivia escapes its diversity. and to understand this complexity better, the musef offers us an incomparable tour. - national museum of art, calle comercio esq. socabaya. no doubt, the tour through the national museum of art is a ride through the history of bolivian art, its paintings, sculptures, photos and other artistic expressions ; a singular experience for both national and foreign visitors. - tiwanaku museum ( museo tihuanaco ) - museum of contemporary art ( museo de arte contemporaneo ), av. 16 de julio 1698 ( prado ). the permanent collection upstairs ( bs10 ) contain many works by renowned aymara painter mamani mamani. the downstairs gallery containing work by students and up - and - comers is free. - coca museum, calle linares 906. m - su 10am - 7pm. a favorite of foreign tourists, this small museum details the history and significance of the coca plant, including the


up - and - comers is free. - coca museum, calle linares 906. m - su 10am - 7pm. a favorite of foreign tourists, this small museum details the history and significance of the coca plant, including the effect of the u. s. war on drugs. the displays are in spanish, but booklets of complete translations in other languages are provided. according to the museum, crack cocaine is the greatest epidemic since the plague in the middle - ages. and yes, there are free samples of coca leaf for visitors. bs 10. - musical instrument museum ( museo de instrumentos musicales de bolivia ), calle jaen 711. displays a huge collection of sound - producing devices from bolivia and beyond, some of which you can play yourself. the museum was founded by charango master and inventor ernesto cavour, and some of his creations on display ( such as multi - bodied guitars ) are downright bizarre. - museum of precious metals ( museo de metales preciosos precolombinos ), calle jaen 777. pre - columbian treasures in silver and gold. - submerged museum ( museo subterraneo ), in front of the city stadium. hardly deserving the name " museum ", it ' s essentially a small outdoor plaza sunk into the ground with a huge replica tiwanaku monolith in the middle of it. the original one used to be there, but it was moved back to tiwanaku for preservation. - bolivian andean textile museum ( museo de textiles andinos bolivianos ), plaza benito juarez 488. it exhibits a large variety of textiles and weavings from all the bolivian andean communities. it ' s a must - see for weaving lovers. it also displays several garments, like ponchos, from all these regions. the museum also includes a shop ( 90 % of your purchase belongs to the artists ) and it is located at lovely house in miraflores. la paz is a city which can be a sight in itself, and there are several viewing places or miradores offering impressive panoramas. - mirador killi killi, ( from avenida sucre take avenida la bandera and then walk straight up, the mirador is on the right side ). you can get the best view of la paz from here. no entrance fee. you can either walk, take a taxi or bus to get there. buses with sign " v. pabon " go there, such as


on the right side ). you can get the best view of la paz from here. no entrance fee. you can either walk, take a taxi or bus to get there. buses with sign " v. pabon " go there, such as " micros " w, p, 22, 137. - parque laikacota, ( at the top of av. ejercito west of the city center ). the best panorama from within the bowl, with clear views of the city and the rugged terrain to the east, all the way to mt. illimani. admission is bs 3. 50. - mirador monticulo, ( next to plaza espana ). this small park ( free entry ) has a church and lots of trees which block much of the city, but the clear view of illimani makes it an evening hotspot for couples. - av. camacho, ( in the heart of downtown ). points straight to illimani, and from the intersection with the prado it ' s framed by skyscrapers in an interesting juxtaposition. - condor samana, ( take a red bus from calle buenos aires east towards ciudad satellite ) : near alpacoma, the most unknown of la paz view sites, on top of some eroded cliffs belowe ciudad satellite, the condors used to nest here before the city moved up. if upu look out the left hand side of the bus you will spot the castle like formation a bit before getting to el alto. take it easy on your first day in la paz if you arrive from low altitude. even if you feel fine, resting and walking slowly will help. try not to eat too much, at least the first day or so. and sleep as much as you can. one good thing to do is to take any mini - bus or micro from near your hotel to the end of the line, walk down a bit and catch another one to the end of the line, walk down some more and catch another one and so on. cheap, no danger and you will see the most fascinating things imaginable. one of the most recognizable aspects of andean culture is its folk music, which you can enjoy at a number of penas, or music clubs. - huari, calle sagarnaga 329. its location makes it the convenient choice for foreign tourists, so be prepared for extreme tourist prices and slightly tacky decor. ( the ancient incas probably didn ' t have black lighting. ) nonetheless


- huari, calle sagarnaga 329. its location makes it the convenient choice for foreign tourists, so be prepared for extreme tourist prices and slightly tacky decor. ( the ancient incas probably didn ' t have black lighting. ) nonetheless, the music and dance performances are excellent. - marka tambo, calle jaen 710. considered among the best for serious fans of the music. - megacenter, ( in the entrance to irpavi in the " zona sur " ), from downtown you must go on public transportation. - multicine, 2631 avenida arce, ( a couple of blocks south of plaza isabel de catholica ),. brand new multiplex cinema with 1 3d screen. shows current hollywood blockbusters. - the cinemateca boliviana, guachalla and federico suazo st ). most modern movie theater in the city. you can see new mega - releases as well as local films and international festivals. - monje campero, ( at the beginning of av. 16 de julio ), - 16 de julio ( near to plaza del estudiante ). - cine azul, ( at the beginning of av. 16 de julio ). despite the best efforts to censor it latin america ' s premier underground bluey showhouse is still up and running. the steam is literally dripping off the walls, among other things. bank holidays and special dates 16 july - anniversary of la paz - instituto exclusivo, avenida 20 de octubre # 2315, + 591 2 242 1072. study spanish, english, dutch, german, portuguese or several other foreign languages with experienced and personable teachers. excellent individualized and small group instruction with friendly staff. activities from salsa classes to local excursions, including museum, market or pena visits upon request. free internet, homestays and transportation. - pico verde languages, 363 sagarnaga st ( up from san francisco, close to corner with calle illampu ), + 591 2 231 8328 or + 591 737 18240. m - f 9am - 6pm, sa 9am - 1pm. friendly spanish school in the heart of la paz´s historical district. specialises in crash courses for travellers wanting to get to grips with or improve their spanish, as well as longer courses for those spending more time in the city. group or individual classes tailored to any level, with experienced teachers who all speak fluent english, as


##ises in crash courses for travellers wanting to get to grips with or improve their spanish, as well as longer courses for those spending more time in the city. group or individual classes tailored to any level, with experienced teachers who all speak fluent english, as well as some french, german and italian speakers. homestays and volunteering opportunities can be arranged, as well as other activities. competitive prices and laid back atmosphere. us $ 4. 50 - 8 per hour depending on class size and hours taken. - speakeasy institute, avenida arce # 2047, + 591 2 244 1779. highly trained, experienced teachers and courses tailor - made, short survival spanish, brush up on what you know, prepare for international exams, understand exactly what the subjunctive is. homestays, volunteer work and cultural activities offered. - william ortiz ( servicing for abc spanish tuition ), miraflores, avenida simon bolivar, pasaje 1880, house nº 1785 ( opposite china motors company, walk the alley up to the end ), + 591 2 2220582 or + 591 72552871, e - mail : email @ example. com. mon - sun 8am - 8pm. mr. ortiz, has taught spanish since 1992, in la paz, his place is located 20 min walk from sopocachi and 10 min to the centre. the schedules for the lessons are completely flexible and the student could start lessons any day of the week. individual, group and tailor - made classes. family homestay, volunteer work and educational tours could be organized for students during the course. intensive lessons 3 - 4 hrs / day or short - term intensive lessons 5 - 10 hrs / day. free hostal pick - up. - rita clavijo, pasaje jose manuel loza nº 420 ( calle prudencio esq. juan de vargas ) ( miraflores, between parque laicacota and estadio obrero ), + 591 728 89 364, e - mail : firstname. lastname @ example. org. for those who find learning in a formal school environment difficult, or whose schedules make fitting in with a school ' s timetable impossible. rita offers private tuition at whatever time is most convenient, either at her home, your hostel, or a quiet cafe of your choice. more than 10 years experience teaching spanish, and a positive, adaptable approach based on her extensive study of cognitive


. rita offers private tuition at whatever time is most convenient, either at her home, your hostel, or a quiet cafe of your choice. more than 10 years experience teaching spanish, and a positive, adaptable approach based on her extensive study of cognitive theory. specialises in helping students who have found that rigid, traditional approaches don ' t work for them. - iris palacios, calacoto district, calle 23 n 7870. 9am - 7pm. private spanish classes in the heart of south area of the city. certified teacher with 5 years of experience. flexible schedules, kitchen, wifi, volunteer placements, homestay and host families. - fair trade shop, 958 calle linares. weavings are upstairs, better quality than the stuff on the street with comparable prices. nicely mounted with wood panels and ready for hanging. - a manos, calle carlos bravo 299 ( behind hotel plaza on el prado ). good quality handicrafts. has a cafe ( cafe el consulado ), travel agency ; topas adventure travel bolivia, and 5 great rooms. - ayni bolivia ( fair trade handicrafts ), av. illampu 704 ( one block from witches market ), + 591 2 279 2395, e - mail : email @ example. com. m - f 8am - 8 : 30pm, sa 10am - 6 : 30pm. fair trade store member of world fair trade organization wfto, has 26 different groups, with a wide variety of handicrafts ( alpaca, wood, ceramics, native textiles, table cloth, greeting cards ). one store is located inside hotel rosario and other at the street. us $ 2 - 50. gear & equipment - the spitting llama bookstore & outfitter, 947 calle linares ( inside the hostal posada de la abuela ), + 591 79770312, e - mail : firstname. lastname @ example. org. m - sa 10am - 7 : 30pm. offers offers a wide range of trekking, camping equipment and similar requirements. they also rent things like tents and sleeping bags. thousands of books in english and many other languages and have bolivia ' s best book exchange. english - speaking staff available. la paz is a good place for buying maps of the country. topographical maps are available in 1 : 50 000, 1 : 100 000 and 1 : 250 000. the most


have bolivia ' s best book exchange. english - speaking staff available. la paz is a good place for buying maps of the country. topographical maps are available in 1 : 50 000, 1 : 100 000 and 1 : 250 000. the most popular maps, including the 1 : 250 000 version of cordillera real and the 1 : 50 000 version of volcan sajama are sold by street vendors that roam calle sagarnaga and from stalls along el prado. but the best place to buy maps is the " instituto geografico militar ", igm. the instituto has two offices in town, listed below. - edificio murillo no. 100, calle juan xxiii parallell to calle murillo at the end of calle rodriguez. this office is likely to be closest to where you stay and sometimes has as map or two on offer, but most often asks you to come back manana when they still don ' t have the map you want. it ' s has a nice atmosphere though, and makes a nice visit for mapophiles needing that fix of fresh map air. - oficina central, estado mayor general, av. saavedra no. 2303. this is the place to go, but a little out of the way. it is said to be open afternoons, but it ' s best to visit between 9pm and 11pm closed if there ' s a soccer game in the nearby stadium. take a micro marked " e. mayor " from plaza san francisco. the unmarked entrance is 20 m down av. saavedra from the main car entrance to the estado mayor. surrender your passport in the window marked igm, get a number tag to hang around you neck and walk down the road and to the left. many maps are only available in copies for bs 30 a sheet. an original is bs 40. for lunch try the little almuerzo - kitchens. you ' ll get a decent menu for under bs10. be careful with or avoid salads the first days. if you are on a budget it is always possible to eat in the local markets. most of the fancier restaurants in la paz are at the bottom of the prado, around the vicinity of plaza isabel la catolica and plaza avaroa. there ' s a string of inexpensive pizza and hamburger joints on the west side of avenida 6 de agosto south of plaza del estudiante. sergio ' s is considered the


of plaza isabel la catolica and plaza avaroa. there ' s a string of inexpensive pizza and hamburger joints on the west side of avenida 6 de agosto south of plaza del estudiante. sergio ' s is considered the best, and is good for checking upcoming music venues. - chifa puerta del sol, av. ballivian # 503 ( calacoto, calle 11 ). average chinese. not worth the 17 km drive out of the city. - el consulado, calle bravo 299 ( behind hotel plaza ( prado ) ). new place in la paz. best brunch in town, gourmet food in beautiful surroundings. wifi and garden. working with the " new andean kitchen " and organic coffee. - restaurant sabrosa taiwanesa, calle chichas no. 1208, zona miraflores, 2221186 ( a short walk or quick taxi from plaza isabela catolica, just on the other side of the puente de las americas ). new family - run taiwanese restaurant. flavourful dishes and a good sized menu ( veg and non - veg ) in a clean setting. 30bs for chicken with spicy peanut sauce ( 2 - person portion ). ( update 2 june 2011 : restaurant seemed to be closed today around 1pm... in fact, aside from the small taiwanese decorative lantern hanging next to the front door, it was hard to tell if that was even the correct address. maybe closed permanently? ) - utama, av. 16 de julio 1789 ( prado ) ( top floor of plaza hotel ). with its fabulous view of the city, the utama has served the likes of fidel castro and alberto fujimori ( embattled former president of peru ), yet the main dishes ( bolivian and international, in portions ample for two ) are only around bs 50 ( us $ 6. 50 ). - angelo colonial, calle linares 922. a dark, bohemian cafe set in an old mansion decorated with scads of antiques. serving bolivian and mediocre international food. the best drip coffee in la paz. painfully slow service. another location on the prado. serves llamas. - tambo colonial, in hotel rosario. lavish breakfast buffet for bs 20 ( us $ 2. 50 ), great international and local food from 12 noon - 11pm. try the lake titicaca trout with beni almonds. - naira, calle saga


in hotel rosario. lavish breakfast buffet for bs 20 ( us $ 2. 50 ), great international and local food from 12 noon - 11pm. try the lake titicaca trout with beni almonds. - naira, calle sagarnaga 161. catering mostly to travelers ( and guests of the hotel — see below ), but a good sampling of bolivian dishes. expensive. - alo cubano, av. aniceto de arce. best place to pretend you ' re back in the 50s plotting a pan - american revolution with fidel and che. - contigo peru, second floor of edificio alameda ( on the prado ). good ceviche and other seafood. - eli ' s new york deli ( on the prado ). try ordering with a thick new york accent and see what you get. prices gone sky high this year. - sultan, san miguel, zona sur. great arabic fast food in a tiny setting. try the falafel for 7 bs. order a " super " for 10 bs if you ' re hungry and be there for lunch when the boss isn ' t around ( bigger portions ). - pizzeria italia, calle ilampu 809. serves nice breakfasts with a friendly smile. pizzas are not good, and also overpriced. - la mia pizzeria, calle ilampu ( below one of the two ). cheaper than " italia " with more american style pizzas. take - away available. - al amir, murillo 824. has nice arabic food. - 100 % natural, calle sagarnaga 345. often full, especially around 11pm, but serves huge sandwiches and great vegetarian burgers in a cozy atmosphere. good food, better juices. - the star of india. open from 9am for breakfast, then lunch served mon - sa from 11 : 30am and sun from 4pm. the highest curry house in the world!. this is one of the few places you can get curry in bolivia ( and also can deliver to your hostel ). good veggie and vegan options. the curries and side dishes are mediocre at best, if you ' re longing for a uk style curry you ' ll be disappointed. they offer a free " i survived the world ' s most dangerous vindaloo " t - shirt to anyone who finishes it - people generally don ' t. portions are small for a curry house. -


uk style curry you ' ll be disappointed. they offer a free " i survived the world ' s most dangerous vindaloo " t - shirt to anyone who finishes it - people generally don ' t. portions are small for a curry house. - cafe ciudad, plaza estudiantes ( lower end of the prado ). open 24 hr. burgers 15 - 20 bs, main courses 30 - 40 bs. - cafe karlovy, av. claudio aliaga nº 1182 - bloque j - 47, san miguel. 8am - 12pm. an elegant coffee shop in the hip southern part of la paz. serves fantastic food all day. - sol y luna, calle murillo and cochabamba. wide selection of international food, dutch owned and operated. excellent coctails and always a good atmosphere. drink coca leaf mojitos where the mint is replaced by coca leaves - top cocktail! - yussef ( closed down ), cnr illampu and sagarnaga ( as you go up sagarnaga it is on the right inside a building about 10 m before the corner ). lebanese food, with real authentic lebanese owners. great platters for vegeterians and mea eaters alike. also real quality baklava. great hosts there and atmosphere. it is a little more pricey than the usual fare but definitely worth it. - namas te, zoilo flores # 1334 ( san pedro ). 8 : 30am - 7 : 00pm. in the heart of the city, san pedro. serving possibly the best homestyle vegetarian cookin w / much flavour and love. deep fried vegan patties. fixed lunch starts midday. music w / your organic coffee / tea / food. if you want the menu del dia, be sure to reserve it in advance by calling! bs 20. - la terraza cafe, ave 16 de julio 1615. on el prado. very nice restaurant - cafe for bolivian standards. try the personal size pizza. the one with extra cheese, pesto, tomato and caramelized onions is to die for. - ken chan, batallon colorados no. 98. esq. federico suazo ( 200 m on the right side of batalion colorados from the round - about at the lower end of the prado ( the left street if coming from the direction of the bus station ) ), + 591 2 2442292. authentic japanese food in this restaurant run


##alion colorados from the round - about at the lower end of the prado ( the left street if coming from the direction of the bus station ) ), + 591 2 2442292. authentic japanese food in this restaurant run by the japanese society in la paz. japanese specialties such as ramen, chicken katsu and karaage in addition to the expected sushi. set meals with miso soup, ( japanese ) rice are available. set meal main around bs 40 ~ 50. - la coca, rosendo gutierrez nº 482, + 591 2 2410892. in the sopocachi district, about a block and a half from plaza avaroa, la coca is an almuerzo style restaurant offering a very good four course menu for the price. choice of 3 soups and 5 main courses, at least one of each guaranteed to be vegetarian. quiet, pleasant decor, friendly and competent staff. 20bs. - glam, sanchez lima nº 2237, + 591 2 2423446. high - end international cuisine at a price to match. the food is excellent, and the surroundings live up to the name, but you won ' t get much change from 400bs for two people ( including wine and dessert ). despite describing itself as a " jazz lounge ", the resident dj has never heard of chet baker, miles davis or john coltrane, and seems to prefer elevator music... though with a little prodding can be persuaded to put something more tolerable on. 85bs. local law prohibits serving alcohol after 4am. there are a number of speakeasies defying this. - paladar - cozinha brasileira, c. ferrecio # b - 28, san miguel ( on the right side of alexander coffee ), + 591 2 2774337. tu - su 12noon - 3 : 30pm / tu - sa 7pm - 11 : 30pm. traditional brazilian cuisine. feijoada ( hot bean pot with smoked pork rib, smoked sausages, sun dried meat and bacon ), moqueca de peixe ( pirarucu filet [ white meat amazonian river fish ] slowly cooked in coconut milk and spices ). a caipirinha is the perfect cocktail for this meal or you can also have wine or beer if you aren ' t feeling that adventurous. variety of grilled meats ( not " rodizio " style ),


milk and spices ). a caipirinha is the perfect cocktail for this meal or you can also have wine or beer if you aren ' t feeling that adventurous. variety of grilled meats ( not " rodizio " style ), chicken and trout. cozy and owned by a brazilian and french canadian couple. us $ 5 - 15 with drinks. - alexander the great, av. 16 de julio 1832 and other locations. many thought the legendary macedonian slayer had long since died. not so in fact, although he is considerably tamer after a rough encounter with a fiery cholita. - blueberries, av. 20 de octubre 2475. this cafe serves very delicious coffee, and also has a very appealing breakfast menu. the cafe is situated at the east end of plaza avaroa, where you may also find an " alexanders coffee ". - cafe confiteria la paz, avenida camacho & ayacucho ( close to obelisco ). 8am - midnight. free wifi for customers - papaya ' s cafe, calle jaen and sucre ( cafe of the museo costumbrista ), + 591 791 13 593. 9 : 30am - midnight. llama burgers, terrines, pates. quinoa tabulets and salads, highland cheeses. specialized in coca sours drinks. saya home made beer. bs 20 - 100. - pepe ' s coffee bar, jimenez 894. decent coffee and a nice calm getaway close to the tourist ghetto. sandwiches are disappointingly small, but tasty. the " trekker´s breakfast " is huge and delicious. coffee is not a popular drink in bolivia. if you want a sweet hot drink try api, made of corn. - blue note cafe / wine bar [ closed down, as of april 2012 ], plaza gaston velasco, viluyo esq. linares ( 1 block from sagarnaga and illampu ; at the top of the stairs when you exit oliver ' s ). great vibe ; it ' s a fantastic place to chill with friends, have a drink & a bite to eat. the people behind the bar know their stuff ( from martinis to wine to local beer ), and there ' s excellent chili, lamb chops and tapas on the menu. good prices compared with other bars in the area ; it ' s open from the late afternoon onwards. - oliver ' s travels, call


wine to local beer ), and there ' s excellent chili, lamb chops and tapas on the menu. good prices compared with other bars in the area ; it ' s open from the late afternoon onwards. - oliver ' s travels, calle murillo ( opposite sol y luna ). northern english owned backpackers bar serving standard english fare at mid - range prices. under new management. fun party atmosphere, and a warm welcome from eglish speaking staff. also has travel has wifi and tv for most sporting events and a book exchange ( very good, but expensive ). tour agency and great happy hour su - th. wednesday nights are theme orientated with fancy dress. available for large bookings and tour groups. great food, the breakfast is very nice and not too overpriced compared with the other local options. - sol y luna, calle murillo. dutch owned & managed traveller ' s hangout. good atmosphere, different areas, live music, free wifi, large screen tv for important football games. pool table, serve coca leaf mojitos, where coca leaves are substituted for mint leaves. - irish, plaza avoroa. food is overpriced but good, and the cocktails are reasonable, though not as good as some from some of the other bars. mostly frequented by bolivians and is of course a themed bar. - traffic, san jorge. bar with a good atmosphere and fairly good music. there is a large dance floor and a comfortable bar. owner asher has taken 6 steps back from managing the place after a sting operation codenamed ' superhuey '. - antique pub, pichincha 662. recorded rock music, and all sorts of old things including fob watches, photographs, a kid ' s tricycle and a six shooter to keep you amused. they serve food too. - pomp pomp salty man, loayza and comerceo. known for its great clandestine happy sauces. atm on premises. - hard rock cafe, calle santa - cruz # 399 esq. illampu, + 591 2 211 9318. 10pm - 4am. open all week long, great parties, all kind of music. the biggest bar in bolivia serves almost every drink there is. full of backpackers and locals, great music and atmosphere. - ¨backstage¨, la florida, calacoto. trendy karaoke lounge with a great ambience and an amazing variety of songs both in


almost every drink there is. full of backpackers and locals, great music and atmosphere. - ¨backstage¨, la florida, calacoto. trendy karaoke lounge with a great ambience and an amazing variety of songs both in spanish and english. a good option if you visit the zona sur. - mongo ' s, hermanos manchego 2444. since 1995 has remained one of the most popular places for travellers with a good mix of locals. it ' s a lively atmosphere every night of the week at this place. open from 6pm - 3 : 30am. serving the best in global cuisine, and well priced. be careful, though, as many tourists ( as of july 2009 ) have reported being duped by being charged much higher prices for drinks than listed on the menu. check your bill carefully! unfortunately because of its popularity with tourists, mongos has attracted pick - pockets as of late. a common trick to for a bolivian to ' drunkenly ' hug you in the bar, while he takes your phone / wallet / valuables from your pockets. - forum, ( near plaza espana ). bolivian hangout and a proper disco venue, the other one is called soundbar. very dressed up bolivians frequent the establishment. worth a look if you ' re missing a big club with big pretensions. - la gitana, zona sur, calle 8 de calacoto, is a bar / club hangout for upper class youth of la paz ' s south zone. dress well. - dry law, zona sur, cota cota, is a pretty hip club in la paz ' s rich south zone that ' s slightly on the right side of pretentious. good alternative to mongo ' s or ramjam if you ' re sick of bumping into gringos all the time. dress well. if you do not want to pay for a bed, you can pass a night in loco along calle sagarnaga or calle illampu. these streets are merged into fairs and museums, so are full of people all day long. be sure to inspect your room before signing the register. - hostel maya calle sagarnaga 339, + 591 2 231 1970. quality, inexpensive hostel in la paz with very friendly, helpful, bilingual staff. the terraces have a fantastic view of the city, and they ' re located in the best neighborhood near all the bars, museums, restaurants, and great events. - loki backpackers


inexpensive hostel in la paz with very friendly, helpful, bilingual staff. the terraces have a fantastic view of the city, and they ' re located in the best neighborhood near all the bars, museums, restaurants, and great events. - loki backpackers hostel, calle loayza 420. + 591 2 211 9024,. set in a beautifully restored 100 year old hotel, with an amazing bar in the old ball room. also houses the oxygen bar on the 3rd floor with a rooftop terrace and bbq area. amenities include real duvets, comfortable beds, hot showers, breakfast, english speaking staff, tour desk, internet and wifi, international phone service, pool table, tv - room with dvds, cable, and enough partying to keep you up until 3am. dorm beds from bs 40. matrimonials, triples and twin rooms also available. probably the worst internet connection in la paz ( and that ' s saying something ) so take care of any online bookings or arrangements before arriving. - pirwa backpackers hostel la paz ( pirwa backpackers la paz ), av montes # 641 ( central area of the city ), + 51 84 244315, e - mail : email @ example. com. check - out : 11 : 00. 24 hr hot showers, movies, in - house bar, attentive staff, free breakfast, free internet, pick up service, and comfortable beds. from us $ 5. 80 / person ( 44bs / person ). - perla negra hostal ( hostal perla negra ), p. kramer # 775 ( opposite bus station upset of stairs on the left very small sign ). check - out : 12 : 00. 24 hr hot showers, free pool table / ping pong / table football, free breakfast, free internet, wifi in all rooms and comfortable beds. feels more like a hotel than a hostel 120bs for double with shared bathroom. - adventure brew hostel and brew too. avenida montes 533. + 591 2 246 1614,. new, bright and clean. micro - brewery on - site, and a rooftop bar, with bbqs most nights. just down the road is the annex : the adventure brew too. there, dorm beds are bs 48 - 72, single with bath bs 192. includes all - you - can - eat pancake breakfast, slow internet, wifi, a range of dvd - films and a


the annex : the adventure brew too. there, dorm beds are bs 48 - 72, single with bath bs 192. includes all - you - can - eat pancake breakfast, slow internet, wifi, a range of dvd - films and a small saya beer. although their internet booking engine will state they are full, they might have a bed if you call. the location is good for the bus terminal, but a bit off for other things. us $ 20 per night for a single. - wild rover backpackers hostel, calle comercio 1476, + 591 2 2 211 6903. un - officially the highest irish owned hostel / bar in the world and with a crowd to match, wild rover is a new backpackers just 3 blocks from the famous plaza murillio in a beautiful old ex presidents house. facilities include 24 hr reception, travel agency, backpack lockers, 24 hr gas powered hot showers, extra wide beds with specially made winter / summer duvets, fun bar with daily activities, all day food menu with the food you miss from home, wifi and free internet, pool table and tv room. very popular with british / irish backpackers. some rooms are very noisy due to proximity of the bar, ask for a room in the back. dorms from bs 40. - el solario, calle murillo 776. clean and cheap backpacker joint, located one and a half block from calle sagarnaga along murillo. it is a 10 - 15 min walk from the bus station or a short taxi - ride. warm water, shared bathrooms with electrical showers, cheap laundry service, free internet and wifi as well as free use of a kitchen. nice mix of people - especially popular with japanese and french travellers. occasionally full but back - up options are available in the same block, albeit not quite as good value. no lockers so valuables must be left with the office. singles bs 35, doubles bs 60, triples bs 90, 4 bed dorm bs 25, 6 bed dorm bs 20. - bacoo hostel, 693 alto de la alianza st.. big sized party hostel, guests are mostly very young. dorms around 50 bs ( depending on the size ), 2 pivates ; 140 - 160 bs, but very poor beds and bad shower in the privates ( april 2012 ). - hotel la valle great location, great prices ( double with private bath ( no tv ), 90 bs ) and


, 2 pivates ; 140 - 160 bs, but very poor beds and bad shower in the privates ( april 2012 ). - hotel la valle great location, great prices ( double with private bath ( no tv ), 90 bs ) and very friendly staff. popular with bolivians. great place. + 591 22456085, firstname. lastname @ example. org - inkaterra backpackers home, across the bus terminal, singles from bs. 30. - arty´s guesthouse, avenida montes, a few blocks down from the adventure brew. small family run hostel, friendly staff but the midnight curfew can be a bummer. - hostal illimani calle illimani # 1817 in barrio miraflores, a few blocks from the stadium, + 591 2 220 2346. basic and secure accommodations with shared bath and sink in room. ms. filomena is the manager who keeps an eye on the place and is always happy to help. has a courtyard and places to wash and dry clothing. expect to pay 25 b for a single. doubles are available. is not in the normal city central tourist area. if you want to be by the tourist stuff, do not stay here. if you want less gringos around this is a good place. - el carretero, about 5 blocks north of san francisco, dorm for 20 bs. basic. gets a lot of " artisans " staying there. - hostal austria, calle yanacocha + 591 2 235 1140. very popular with backpackers. offering warm water, friendly staff and a central location. singles bs35, shared room bs30. - hosteria blanquita, santa cruz 242, is a nice place, with a friendly staff, offering doubles for 80 bs 12 midnight curfew. be wary of confusing billing calculations and over charging. use your own calculator to check the totals. - hotel continental, top end of calle illampu. doubles with shared bath are 80 bs. 10 % discount with hi - card. former members of status quo tend to use this hotel whilst in town. - hostal cactus, calle jimenez. kitchen, laundry service, lousy nestle instant coffee maker, rooftop terrace, nice quiet street. very popular with the pseudo - hippie types. can be very loud outside the rooms near the employees reception area ( friday night fiesta time ). 30 bs for privates ( 10 bs for lent


instant coffee maker, rooftop terrace, nice quiet street. very popular with the pseudo - hippie types. can be very loud outside the rooms near the employees reception area ( friday night fiesta time ). 30 bs for privates ( 10 bs for lentil soup ). - hotel majestic calle santa cruz. splurge just a little and for 130 bolivianos you get a nice comfy double ( single 100 bs ) with tv ( loads of movie channels ) and private bathroom with hot shower. all in the heart of the backpacker area. breakfast is also included, but isn´t great. the senora in charge is a lovely lady and will take good care of you. - hostal lobo, c / illampu esq santa cruz, low prices, friendly staff, a home away from home taste of tel aviv. - hotel savoy, calle chuquisaca 675, very friendly staff, free wifi, basic breakfast ( ask for more and you ' ll get more for free ), hot showers, clean, doubles from bs160. quite street, though stinks a bit. recommended! - hotel milton - calle illampu # 1126 - 1130. + 591 22353511, + 591 22368003. email : email @ example. com. a bit worse for wear, but excellent value for the price. friendly and honest staff. singles from 100 bs which includes a real breakfast, cable tv, room with view, bathroom with solar / gas hot water ( not electric ), decent furnishings, and wifi, which is rare to find in this price range. they also run a travel agency and bus company for tours. - tiquina palace hotel - pasaje tiquina 150. good central location, nice rooms and very good hot shower. free wifi. doubles with 2 beds are of better quality than the ones with one bed. rooms on the right side ( if standing in front of it ) have the most windows and are a bit bigger. the higher in the building the less noise from outside. 160 bs for a double, basic breakfast included ( may 2012 ). - apartment collita, calle 6, los pinos,. gorgeous, spacious and tastefully equipped apartment for 4 - 6 people in the zona sur of la paz. prices are between $ us140 - $ 175 ( per week ). - la posada en la paz, calle hermanos manchego 2551, +


for 4 - 6 people in the zona sur of la paz. prices are between $ us140 - $ 175 ( per week ). - la posada en la paz, calle hermanos manchego 2551, + 591 2 243 5204,. small, friendly and bilingual staff run this posada in the heart of the restaurant and pub district. between mongo´s and traffic, and just steps from mamprahon ' s asian food. singles us $ 20, doubles us $ 30. - hotel espana, av. 6 de agosto 2074, 244 - 2643. located in the sopocachi district close to numerous nice restaurants, the espana has a charming garden courtyard as well as a solarium. there ' s a single net - connected pc in the lobby. singles us $ 24, doubles $ 34. - hotel rosario, av. illampu 704, + 591 2 245 1658,. located in the aymara district close to the witches market and many touristic attractions. has a colonial style building with sunny patios. free internet and wifi. has a travel office. beautiful rooms. friendly and helpful staff. complimentary tea and mate de coca. singles us $ 28 – 31, doubles us $ 63 per night. book ahead as it fills up. - hostal naira, calle sagarnaga 161, + 591 2235 5645, fax + 591 2 231 1214,. in business since 1975, with a good restaurant in the basement and a popular cafe ( coffee banais ) on the ground floor. - apart ' hotel a la maison, pasaje munoz cornejo nº15 ( near from plaza de espana ), + 591 2 241 3704, e - mail : firstname. lastname @ example. org. bs 280 - 630 for 40 - 120m². - ritz apart hotel, plaza isabel la catolica 2478,. 5 stars and all suites in the heart of sopocachi. - radisson plaza hotel la paz, av. arce 2177,. luxury hotel situated in sopocachi in the heart of la paz. in crowded areas be careful for pickpockets and bagslashers. a common trick is that one person spills something on your clothes and, while you or he wipes it off, another person lifts your wallet or slashes your bag. be vigilant when checking into


##pockets and bagslashers. a common trick is that one person spills something on your clothes and, while you or he wipes it off, another person lifts your wallet or slashes your bag. be vigilant when checking into a hotel or hostel. keep a hand on all your bags and belongings at all times. acting as if they work for the hotel, opportunist thieves will create a diversion and snatch the nearest unattended bag. if you are approached by plain - clothed police officers, don ' t show any valuables or your passport. certainly, don ' t get in a taxi with them as it is a trap. undercover police are strictly ordered not to hassle tourists. there have been several cases of muggings and things going missing from bags or luggage after " drug searches ". insist on being taken to the police station before giving them access to your things. if you can, call the 110, which is the bolivian number for emergencies. take care : an austrian couple was found murdered in 2006 after following false police into a taxi. a recent twist in the above scam is the involvement of accomplices where they try to befriend you on a bus and when the ' plain clothes ' policeman approaches the accomplice claims that the same thing happened to them and that you should cooperate with them. this is a trap and the same scam as described above. there have been several cases of violent muggings in taxis. take only radio cabs ( they will have the telephone number and their call centre listed above the cab ). the taxis, or gypsy cabs, have no boarding above the taxi and have taxi written on the side and are dangerous to take at night, as many of the drivers are paid to drive tourists to specific locations for muggings. be especially careful if you are at one of the illegal after - hours bars such as fin del mundo or route 36, as most of the muggings happen in taxis from these locations. lock the doors and don ' t allow other people to share the journey with you. there are more reliable taxi firms to use : magnifico taxis, + 591 2 2410410 la paz taxis. + 591 2 2221212 gold taxis, + 591 2 2722722. la paz is a very safe city, and if you keep your wits about, you there shouldn ' t be any problems. computer hard drives can be damaged by operating them at altitude, and so


taxis, + 591 2 2722722. la paz is a very safe city, and if you keep your wits about, you there shouldn ' t be any problems. computer hard drives can be damaged by operating them at altitude, and so if you use a laptop computer or anything else containing a hard drive ( including ipods and certain other mp3 players ), you are taking a risk. most hard drives sold today safely work up to 3, 000 m / 10, 000 ft. la paz exceeds this altitude by one - third. while you may get by without anything bad happening, the hard drive could be destroyed ( disc crash ) and you will lose your data and installed software ( even after returning to sea level ). at the very least, you should back up your data before arriving. the high elevation won ' t subsequently " stress " the hard drive though, assuming nothing else happens during your visit. travelers to la paz often become ill the moment they arrive in the city. why? la paz is 11, 900 feet above sea level, the highest metropolis in the world. people with ailing hearts or bronchial problems are warned to stay away, and even those in perfect health usually cannot avoid some illness resulting from the altitude. the altitude of la paz is well within the zone where altitude sickness could be a problem, especially for those arriving from at or near sea level. ( just spending a day or two at an intermediate elevation may not be enough. ) it ' s is highly recommended that you have adequate travel insurance, familiarize yourself with the symptoms of altitude sickness, and inform your physician to what elevation you will be traveling ( up to 4, 000 m / 13, 000 ft. for la paz, and 6, 000 meters / 20, 000 ft. if you want to climb huayna potosi ). taking ginko biloba supplements for a couple weeks before a climb in altitude has been known to eliminate altitude sickness. on your first night in la paz you are likely to find difficulty in breathing and wake up panting for breath. mate de coca ( coca leaf tea ) is a popular remedy. take it easy when walking around town and if you are young and healthy don ' t be lured into a false sense of security. marathon runners can get altitude sickness while those far less healthy can have few symptoms. you can also request " soroche - pills " at any pharmacy, which will help. despite being near the equator, it does occasionally snow a little in la paz during the middle of the year,


those far less healthy can have few symptoms. you can also request " soroche - pills " at any pharmacy, which will help. despite being near the equator, it does occasionally snow a little in la paz during the middle of the year, and packing some warm clothing is a must year - round. internet cafes are on each street corner in la paz. current standard fare is bs 2 - 4 / hour. there are four internet cafes around plaza mendoza at this price, all with good connection. if you have a laptop computer you can find wifi access at several cafes and similar establishments. sol y luna cafe, calle cochabamba. oliver ' s travel bar. cafe el consulado. fast internet in the cafe and patio. - there are many laundrettes situated around the city, charging from bs 6 per kilo wash and dry. - changing money on the street does not give you a better rate, and some tricks will most likely be tried such as false alasitas or banco de la fortuna notes ( toy money ). still, it is convenient on weekends and after hours, - just stay alert. there are also local exchange houses off el prado - for example at almirante grau, offering better rates than the banks. - if you need to extend your bolivian visa this is easily done at the immigration office, located at avenida camacho ( between streets loyaza and bueno ). bring a photocopy of your passport ' s photo page, your entry stamp as well as immigration card ( the green one ). the copy store across the street from the immigration office is well versed with the requirements, cost for copies is less than bs 1. bring your passport and copies to counter # 2 and ask politely for an extension. note that you cannot extend your stay to more than 90 days in total. casilla, + 591 2 243 - 3424, fax : + 591 2 243 - 1073. - united states, avenida arce # 2780, + 591 2 - 216 - 8297, fax : + 591 - 2 - 216 - 8808, e - mail : email @ example. com. another popular daytrip is the bike ride down the world ' s most dangerous road, north yungas road ( a. k. a. death road ). it ' s a 64 km long scenic ride downhill to coroico. there was an average of 100 motor fatalities a year (


down the world ' s most dangerous road, north yungas road ( a. k. a. death road ). it ' s a 64 km long scenic ride downhill to coroico. there was an average of 100 motor fatalities a year ( though in the ten years that companies have been biking down the road, there have only been 12 biking fatalities ), a world record, mostly due to the bolivian driving style than to the road itself. although it ' s a narrow, winding road with big drops on the side, going down by bike is probably the safest way to get to coroico and there are several tour agents in la paz offering the trip. for a safer and more relaxed trip to yungas, you may want to take the south yungas road that leads to chulumani by bus. around 36 km up the south yungas road you will find a surprise : a european castle, built in the 1930s, emerges in the middle of the coca and flower growing region. it´s a treat because the people who run the castle / hotel have built many narrow roads for hiking through mountains and mountain cascades. much calmer and relaxing than coroico. the hotel is called the hotel y parque ecologico el castillo del loro. for spectacular mountain views, native cloud forests and exploration hiking, take a 5 hour bus / minivan trip to quime. this is off the la paz to oruro road.


graduate aptitude test in engineering the gate examination acts as the ‘ great career wall ’ to any aspiring, dynamic individual! the gate is an all india level examination, which is conducted for the admissions to the post graduate degree programs in engineering / architecture / technology and to the doctoral programs in the relevant branches of science, falling under the ministry of human resource development ( mhrd ). the gate test is administered and conducted jointly by the indian institute of science and the seven indian institutes of technology ( iit ) under the supervision of the national coordination board - gate, department of higher education, ministry of human resource development ( mhrd ), government of india. the exam is also conducted for qualifying the students for other governmental scholarships / assistantships. the question pattern differs according to the paper code, i. e. it varies according to the subjects and specifications. the gate question paper consists of multiple choice questions with an option of four answers, out of which, only one is the right answer. the gate plays a vital role in any student ’ s life, if it is chosen by the student. because, if a student gets qualified in the gate, then he / she would be eligible for the governmental scholarships for undergoing the master degrees, and doctoral programs … these features have dragged many students towards the preparation of the examination. the most important fact is that the gate exam bears more significance, i. e. the gate performance would be given 70 % importance in the admission process and the remaining 30 % would depend on the student ’ s academic performance records, interview performance, etc … thus, the fact that the gate is one of the significant exams in the professional education couldn ’ t be denied! the question type is typically based on the logics and concepts of the subjects, hence having an in - depth knowledge about the subjects, would fetch more marks. it analyzes the candidates ’, comprehension ability, subject knowledge, capability to solve quantitative questions, problem solving abilities, data interpretation skills and other related skills... thus, it involves the questions based on formulae, basic principles, laws, etc. it also comprises of questions based on fundamental ideas, which in turn demands the students to derive the consequences from the basic theories and logics of the subjects. the logical reasoning section consists of questions involving mathematical computation and application - oriented questions, thereby requiring the students to implement their subject knowledge. the analysis and the interpretation section consists of linked type questions and common data questions. the questions formed would be independent, but the solutions to both the questions could be


iaq tools for schools iaq reference guide appendix c - codes and regulations the federal government has a long history of regulating outdoor air quality and the concentrations of airborne contaminants in industrial settings. in an industrial environment, specific chemicals released by industrial processes can be present in high concentrations. it has been possible to study the health effects of industrial exposures and establish regulations to limit those exposures. some states have established regulations regarding specific pollutants in schools, such as testing for radon and lead. various states have also established anti - idling policies that establish maximum idling times for school buses and other vehicles. indoor air quality ( iaq ) in schools, however, presents a different problem. a large variety of chemicals used in classrooms, offices, grounds maintenance, and kitchen and cleaning applications exist at levels that are almost always lower than the concentrations found in industry. the individual and combined effects of these chemicals are very difficult to study, and the people exposed may include pregnant women, children, and others who are more susceptible to health problems than the adult typically present in regulated industrial settings. there is still much to learn about the effects of both acute ( short - term ) and chronic ( long - term ) exposure to low levels of multiple indoor air contaminants. at this time, there are few federal regulations for airborne contaminants in non - industrial settings. the occupational safety and health administration ( osha ) is the federal agency responsible for workplace safety and health. in the past, osha focused primarily on industrial worksites, but most recently has broadened its efforts to address other worksite hazards. in spring 1994, osha introduced a proposed rule regarding iaq in non - industrial environments, although the proposal was withdrawn in december 2001. school employees may be able to obtain advice ( in the form of training and information ) from their state osha office on how to reduce their exposure to potential air contaminants. in states without osha organizations, the regional osha contact may be able to provide information or assistance ( see appendix l : " resources " ). ventilation is the other major influence on iaq that is subject to regulation. the federal government does not regulate ventilation in non - industrial settings. however, many state and local governments do regulate ventilation system capacity through their building codes. building codes have been developed to promote good construction practices and prevent health and safety hazards. professional associations, such as the american society of heating, refrigerating, and air - conditioning engineers ( ashrae ) and the national


through their building codes. building codes have been developed to promote good construction practices and prevent health and safety hazards. professional associations, such as the american society of heating, refrigerating, and air - conditioning engineers ( ashrae ) and the national fire protection association ( nfpa ), develop recommendations for appropriate building and equipment design and installation ( e. g., ashrae standard 62 - 2001, " ventilation for acceptable indoor air quality " ). those recommendations acquire the force of law when adopted by state or local regulatory bodies. there is generally a time lag between the adoption of new standards by consensus organizations such as ashrae and the incorporation of those new standards as code requirements. contact your local code enforcement official, your state ’ s education department, or a consulting engineer to learn about the code requirements that apply to your school. in general, building code requirements are only enforceable during construction and renovation. when code requirements change over time ( as code organizations adapt to new information and technologies ), buildings are usually not required to modify their structure or operation to conform to the new codes. indeed, many buildings do not operate in conformance with current codes, or with the codes they had to meet at the time of construction. for example, the outdoor air flows that ashrae ’ s standard 62 recommends for classrooms were reduced from 30 cubic foot per minute ( cfm ) / person to 10 cfm / person in the 1930s, and reduced again to 5 cfm / person in 1973 in response to higher heating fuel costs resulting from the oil embargo. concern about iaq stimulated reconsideration of the standard, so that its most recent version, standard 62 - 2001, calls for a minimum of 15 cfm / person in classrooms. however, many schools that reduced outdoor air flow during the energy crisis continue to operate at ventilation rates of 5 cfm / person or less. this under ventilation is contrary to current engineering recommendations, but, in most jurisdictions, it is not against the law.


broad generalizations are often made in popular psychology about one side or the other having characteristic labels such as " logical " for the left side or " creative " for the right. these labels need to be treated carefully ; although a lateral dominance is measurable, these characteristics are in fact existent in both sides, and experimental evidence provides little support for correlating the structural differences between the sides with functional differences. language functions such as grammar, vocabulary and literal meaning are typically lateralized to the left hemisphere, especially in right handed individuals. while language production is left - lateralized in up to 90 % of right - handed subjects, it is more bilateral, or even right lateralized in approximately 50 % of left - handers. in contrast, prosodic language functions, such as intonation and accentuation, often are lateralized to the right hemisphere of the brain. optic chiasm or optic chiasma ( greek χιασμα, " crossing ", from the greek χιαζω ' to mark with an x ', after the greek letter ' χ ', chi ) is the part of the brain where the optic nerves ( cn ii ) partially cross. the optic chiasm is located at the bottom of the brain immediately below the hypothalamus. one of the most important functions of the hypothalamus is to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland ( hypophysis ). the hypothalamus is located below the thalamus, just above the brain stem. in the terminology of neuroanatomy, it forms the ventral part of the diencephalon. all vertebrate brains contain a hypothalamus. in humans, it is roughly the size of an almond. the hypothalamus is responsible for certain metabolic processes and other activities of the autonomic nervous system.


induction of the morphology of natural language : unsupervised morpheme segmentation with application to automatic speech recognition in order to develop computer applications that successfully process natural language data ( text and speech ), one needs good models of the vocabulary and grammar of as many languages as possible. according to standard linguistic theory, words consist of morphemes, which are the smallest individually meaningful elements in a language. since an immense number of word forms can be constructed by combining a limited set of morphemes, the capability of understanding and producing new word forms depends on knowing which morphemes are involved ( e. g., ` ` water, water + s, water + y, water + less, water + less + ness, sea + water ' ' ). morpheme boundaries are not normally marked in text unless they coincide with word boundaries. the main objective of this thesis is to devise a method that discovers the likely locations of the morpheme boundaries in words of any language. the method proposed, called morfessor, learns a simple model of concatenative morphology ( word forming ) in an unsupervised manner from plain text. morfessor is formulated as a bayesian, probabilistic model. that is, it does not rely on predefined grammatical rules of the language, but makes use of statistical properties of the input text. morfessor situates itself between two types of existing unsupervised methods : morphology learning vs. word segmentation algorithms. in contrast to existing morphology learning algorithms, morfessor can handle words consisting of a varying and possibly high number of morphemes. this is a requirement for coping with highly - inflecting and compounding languages, such as finnish. in contrast to existing word segmentation methods, morfessor learns a simple grammar that takes into account sequential dependencies, which improves the quality of the proposed segmentations. morfessor is evaluated in two complementary ways in this work : directly by comparing to linguistic reference morpheme segmentations of finnish and english words and indirectly as a component of a large ( or virtually unlimited ) vocabulary finnish speech recognition system. in both cases, morfessor is shown to outperform state - of - the - art solutions. the linguistic reference segmentations were produced as part of the current work, based on existing linguistic resources. this has resulted in a morphological gold standard, called hutmegs, containing analyses of a large number of


eso9608 — photo release split comet schwassmann - wachmann 3 ( january 31, 1996 ) 9 february 1996 this new image obtained with eso ' s new technology telescope ( ntt ) shows the split nucleus of comet schwassmann - wachmann 3. the photo is a composite of two recent exposures obtained by hermann boehnhardt ( universitaets - sternwarte muenchen - usm, germany ), and hans ulrich kaeufl ( eso - garching ), using the eso 3. 5 - metre new technology telescope at the la silla observatory ( chile ) in remote observing mode from the eso headquarters in garching ( germany ). the observations took place on 31 january 1996, at 01 : 00 ut. they show that the apparent separations between the split nuclei, originally discovered at eso on 12 december 1995, cf. eso9601 have further increased ; they are now approx. 6 and 17 arcsec, respectively. at the distance of the comet at the time of the new observations ( 2. 5 au = 375 million kilometres ), this corresponds to projected distances of 11, 000 km and 31, 000 km. it now appears that the break - up of the nucleus occurred in two steps, in late october and around 1 december 1995. this means that the dramatic brightening happened at least 6 weeks before the first break - up. seen from earth, comet schwassmann - wachmann 3 is now moving behind the sun, and no further observations from eso are possible. in the early ( northern ) summer of 1996, the comet will reappear and since it will then have moved into the northern hemisphere, the astronomers intend to continue their observations by means of the usm telescope at mount wendelstein in southern germany. on the image presented here, each condensation has the appearance of an individual comet with its own tail. it will be interesting to learn whether all three parts will still persist when the comet is re - observed later this summer. the image shown on this press photo constitutes the most recent data in an extensive series of co - ordinated observations of this comet. the success of these observations is largely due to the good co - operation by many astronomers all over the world and by means of modern communication and data exchange techniques, for instance via the internet. about the release | legacy id : | | photo 09 / 96 | | type : | | • solar system |


enterobacter sakazakiithis volume brings together all recent findings and knowledge on this unique pathogen and addresses a wide range of issues, including taxonomy, detection and identification, virulence potential, monitoring and control during infant formula production, and regulatory issues..... more authoritative coverage presented in a format designed to facilitate teaching and learning. the newly updated and expanded third edition includes expert perspectives on parasites, viruses and prions, and non - thermal processes ; and incorporates instructors ' input to further clarify complex topics in the field of food microbiology. food - borne microbes : shaping the host ecosystemwith contributions from experts in environmental, food, oral, medical, and veterinary microbiology, this book takes an innovative and interdisciplinary approach that sheds new light on microbial communities and their interactions within and between different environments, with particular emphasis on food systems..... more asm member price food - borne viruses : progress and challengesfood - borne viruses are recognized as a major health concern, but their distribution, definition, and impact are poorly understood. the volume food - borne viruses goes a long way in correcting that problem. written by leading scientists in the field, it brings together the latest knowledge on these viral strains, their detection and control, and associated challenges..... more member sale price imported foods : microbiological issues and challengesfood safety concerns have become a crucial public health issue. perhaps most alarming of these is the questionable safety of many imported foods. as the market for food becomes increasingly global and our population clamors for more fresh produce and uncooked ready - to - eat foods, the microbiological risks of imported food have dramatically increased. this volume not only describes the problems with imported foods but also suggests specific programs and steps to improve the monitoring and safety of imported foods..... more


de ` vi * a " tion (? ), n. [ ll. deviatio : cf. f. d ' eviation. ] the act of deviating ; a wandering from the way ; variation from the common way, from an established rule, etc. ; departure, as from the right course or the path of duty. the state or result of having deviated ; a transgression ; an act of sin ; an error ; an offense. the voluntary and unnecessary departure of a ship from, or delay in, the regular and usual course of the specific voyage insured, thus releasing the underwriters from their responsibility. deviation of a falling body physics, that deviation from a strictly vertical line of descent which occurs in a body falling freely, in consequence of the rotation of the earth. - - deviation of the compass, the angle which the needle of a ship ' s compass makes with the magnetic meridian by reason of the magnetism of the iron parts of the ship. - - deviation of the line of the vertical, the difference between the actual direction of a plumb line and the direction it would have if the earth were a perfect ellipsoid and homogeneous, - - caused by the attraction of a mountain, or irregularities in the earth ' s density. © webster 1913.


in the year ad 1124... - at the battle of bourgtheroulde forces loyal to english king henry i decisively defeat a numerically superior force of norman rebels fighting in the name of william clito, in one of the earliest battles to show the utility of archers versus horsemen. - the crusades continue in the holy land. venetian crusaders conquer tyre and are awarded title to one third of its territory and important trading privileges. meanwhile baldwin ii, the crusader king of jerusalem, is released by the ortoqids after almost a year of captivity, and almost immediately lays siege to the city of allepo, but will be driven off early in 1125 by the arrival on the scene of il - bursuqi, the seljuk atabeg of mosul. - irish warlord tairrdelbach mac ruaidri ua conchobair, king of connacht, erects a small fort called dun bhun na gaillimhe ( " fort at the mouth of the gaillimh river " ), which will eventually grow to become the modern - day city of galway, ireland. - japanese aristocrat fujiwara no kiyohira constructs the magnificent golden hall at chusonji temple in hiraizumi, which today is a japanese national treasure and one of only two buildings left in japan which were built in the fabled heian era ( 794 - 1185 ). - the oldest school in scotland, the high school of glasgow, is founded as a school to teach liturgical singing, before eventually being converted to a grammar school. these people were born in 1124 : these people died in 1124 : - pope callixtus ii, suceeded by honorius ii. - scottish king alexander i, succeeded by his brother david i. - persian muslim missionary hassan - i sabbah, who founded a community in the alborz mountains of northern iran which would later come to be known as the hashshashin. - french catholic priest saint stephen of muret, founder of the order of grandmont. - former duke of bohemia borivoj ii, while in self - imposed exile in hungary after a falling out with his brother vladislaus i four years prior. - irish warlord maelsechlainn mac tadhg mor, king of moylurg, slain in a battle with troops from the kingdom of breifne, succeeded by dermot mac tadhg mor. - italian abbot saint constabilis, venerated as the patron saint of


" are they not guided by the many generations we have destroyed before them among whose dwelling places they walk about? there are signs in that for people of sound intellect. ". ( qur ' an 20 : 128 ) the evolution deceit buddhism ' s erroneous beliefs the erroneous beliefs of buddhism vary greatly from country to country, because over the past 2500 years, this religion has mingled with the various local religions, customs, and established cultures of countries into which it has spread. today, the varieties of buddhism practiced in japan, china, tibet, sri lanka, vietnam and america are all quite different from one another. as historical sources show, buddha always chose to speak about his basic tenets and deliver his way of worship orally ; centuries of research has determined that he left behind no written texts. buddhists maintain that his sermons were passed down orally from generation to generation for 400 years, until they were finally compiled in the pali canon. however, most scholars believe that the great majority of these words are not buddha ' s at all, but were added to in the course of centuries until they attained their present form. therefore buddhism, not relying on any written texts, underwent many changes and distortions over the course of time, being considerably reshaped by additions and omissions. in tibet, the dissemination of buddhist texts is one of the most important acts of worship. in particular, priests who have removed themselves from the world completely give themselves solely to this work. with no idea of the true nature of the afterlife, these people live out their worldly lives in vain pursuits. throughout the centuries, libraries in tibet have been destroyed. but handwritten books by tibetan priests are still preserved in neighboring regions. all this buddhist literature leads people to lead a nightmarish life. this perverse and benighted religion claims that after they die, people might come back as a cow or a mouse and condemns them to lives of fear and anxiety. priests who translate texts from ancient languages are important in buddhism. in the photograph on the facing page, buddha watches and encourages priests doing this work. below : a sanskrit text from the 11th century contains sections on the life of buddha. those espousing the perverse beliefs in these texts have serious moral and psychological deficiencies, since they lack any faith in the eternal afterlife. it is quite natural that buddhists have these spiritual problems because they believe that they may reincarnate as a mouse, monkey, cow or some other animal. today, buddhism ' s holy book, written


they lack any faith in the eternal afterlife. it is quite natural that buddhists have these spiritual problems because they believe that they may reincarnate as a mouse, monkey, cow or some other animal. today, buddhism ' s holy book, written in the pali language, is called the tipitaka, which means " triple basket. " it is not known for sure when the tipitaka was written down, but it is thought to have attained its present shape in sri lanka sometime in the first century b. c. its texts are divided into the following chapters : today ' s buddhist priests regard these texts as holy ; they worship and organize their lives according to them. they portray buddha as an actual god ( god is surely beyond that! ), and for this reason, modern buddhists bow before his statues, place before them offerings of food and flowers, and expect help from them. this is a completely illogical practice, however, and anyone who believes that stone or bronze statues can hear or help is greatly deceived. later in this book, we examine these basically pagan practices in more detail, and see how buddhism has become a secret doctrine concentrating on human beings without accounting for questions of how this world ' s flawless systems function, much less how the entire universe came to be. an atheistic religion buddhist philosophy denies the existence of god, but bases itself on a few aspects of human morality and on escaping from sufferings of this world. without any intellectual or scientific support, it rests upon the twin concepts of karma and reincarnation — the idea that human beings are continually reborn into this world, that their subsequent lives are shaped by their behavior in their previous ones. no buddhist scripture considers the existence of a creator, much less how the universe, the world and living things came to be. no buddhist text describes how the universe was created from nothing ; or how living things came into being ; or how to explain the evidence, to be seen everywhere in this world, of an incomparable creation. according to the buddhist deception, it is not even necessary to think about these things! the only important thing in life, buddhist texts claim, is suppressing desires, revering buddha, and escaping from suffering. as a religion, therefore, buddhism suffers from a very narrow vision that keeps its believers from considering such basic questions as where they came from, or how the universe and all living things came to be. indeed, it deters them from even thinking about these things and presses them into the narrow mold of their present earthly life


keeps its believers from considering such basic questions as where they came from, or how the universe and all living things came to be. indeed, it deters them from even thinking about these things and presses them into the narrow mold of their present earthly life. " do they have legs they can walk with? do they have hands they can grasp with? do they have eyes they can see with? do they have ears they can hear with? " ( qur ' an 7 : 195 ) buddhism is a false religion founded on idolatry. buddhist priests who grow up with these beliefs spend their lives worshipping buddha. an oppressive, enslaving religion according to buddhism, hunger, misery and pain guide the way to the truth. buddhism ' s attempt to nullify all human desires is another aspect of its narrow philosophy. god created the blessings of this world for human beings ' benefit and pleasure, and so that they would give him thanks in return. for this reason, islam does not command people to suppress their desires or to endure pain and suffering. on the contrary, it enjoins them to take advantage of the beautiful aspects in the world ( apart from base and unlawful behavior ), not to restrain themselves needlessly, nor to inflict pain upon themselves. for this reason, god revealed ( qur ' an, 7 : 157 ) that the prophet muhammad ( peace be upon him ) had " relieved his followers of their chains " : those who follow the messenger, the ummi, whom they find written down with them in the torah and the gospel, commanding them to do right and forbidding them to do wrong, making good things lawful for them and bad things unlawful for them, relieving them of their heavy loads and the chains which were around them. those who believe in him and honor him and help him, and follow the light that has been sent down with him, they are the ones who are successful. in short, islam is a liberating religion that saves people from useless customs and prohibitions, social pressures and worries about what other people may think. it calls them to lead calm, peaceful lives with the purpose of gaining god ' s approval. so it is that our prophet ( may god bless him and grant him peace ), in many of his sayings, advises us to make religion simple and easy. present - day buddhists believe that the more pain they endure, and the more hunger and misery they suffer, the sooner they become enlightened. but this is not enlightenment ; it is an inhuman life


advises us to make religion simple and easy. present - day buddhists believe that the more pain they endure, and the more hunger and misery they suffer, the sooner they become enlightened. but this is not enlightenment ; it is an inhuman life of self - abuse. a verse of the qur ' an ( 40 : 31 ) says, " god does not want any injustice for his servants. " this perverse practice of buddhists is totally contrary to islamic morality. " make things easy for the people, and do not make it difficult for them, and make them calm ( with glad tidings ) and do not repulse ( them ). " 1 " you have been sent to make things easy ( for the people ) and you have not been sent to make things difficult for them. " 2 buddhism enslaves its devotees in misty monasteries and forces them into a life of suffering and poverty. strangely, it discourages good food, cleanliness, comfort — the blessings that god has created for human beings — accepts suffering as a virtue and advises its devotees to lead a miserable life. for buddhist monks and nuns, life is full of all kinds of difficulties. they are forbidden to work or own property, obliged to feed themselves by going from door to door and begging among the people, with their bowls in their hands. for this reason, buddhist priests are even called bhikkhus ( beggars ) by the people. buddhist priests are forbidden to marry or have any kind of family life ; they may own only one robe, which must be of poor quality yellow or red cloth. besides this robe, their only other possessions include a hard bed to sleep on, a razor to shave their heads with, a needle case for their own use, a water bottle and a bowl to beg with. they eat only one meal a day, generally consisting of bread and rice flavored with spices, and drink either water or rice milk. they must finish this food before noon and are not allowed to eat anything until the next day. other foods, even medicines, are regarded as forbidden luxuries. a priest may eat meat, fish or vegetables only if he is sick and then, only with the permission of a higher - ranking priest. in short, buddhist strictures are a form of self - torture. this situation is a manifestation of the truth of the verse in the qur ' an ( 10 : 44 ) that reads, " god does not wrong people in any way ; rather it is people who wrong themselves. " but to


of self - torture. this situation is a manifestation of the truth of the verse in the qur ' an ( 10 : 44 ) that reads, " god does not wrong people in any way ; rather it is people who wrong themselves. " but to those who believe in him and submit themselves to him, god promises a very good life, both in this world and the world to come. to them belong both the blessings of this world and those of the afterlife. according to the qur ' an ( 7 : 32 ) : say : " who has forbidden the fine clothing god has produced for his servants and the good kinds of provision? " say : " on the day of rising, such things will be exclusively for those who believed during their life in this world. " in this way, we make the signs clear for people who know. this picture shows buddha and his followers, bowls in their hands, accepting offerings. these irrational buddhist traditions continue today. those who fall into buddhist perversity, are obliged to beg, even though they have no need, and be humiliated. instead of working for a living, buddhism leads people into laziness and indolence, condemning them to primitive living conditions. but islam enjoins exactly the opposite — a vigorous religion that makes its believers dynamic and directs them to do useful work. in contrast to the dark atmosphere of buddhism, islam enjoins cleanliness, courtesy, and fruitful labor and encourages the development of science and technology. those who are not priests nevertheless assist priests in the collection of offerings, believing that they will gain merits for a future life. buddhist priests walk the streets early in the mornings, with bowls in their hands, accepting offerings from the people. butthis superstitious practice, done in the name of worship will do them no good in this world or the next, unless god wills otherwise. buddhists spend their days performing empty, soul - darkening works that will bring no benefit in either this world or the afterlife. but islam offers people wellbeing, beauty and contentment in this life and the next, and forbids any kind of practice that goes a buddhist priest set himself on fire to protest some actions by the government in saigon. this one photograph is enough to show the dark spiritual state and perverse understanding that buddhism leads to. another dark aspect of buddhism is its pessimism. the " nirvana " it promises to its believers is nothing less than a schizophrenic breaking of all connections with life by a melancholic mind that takes a dim


to. another dark aspect of buddhism is its pessimism. the " nirvana " it promises to its believers is nothing less than a schizophrenic breaking of all connections with life by a melancholic mind that takes a dim view of the world. the catholic encyclopedia describes this aspect of buddhism in these words : another fatal defect of buddhism is its false pessimism. a strong and healthy mind revolts against the morbid view that life is not worth living, that every form of conscious existence is an evil. buddhism stands condemned by the voice of nature the dominant tone of which is hope and joy. it is a protest against nature for possessing the perfection of rational life. the highest ambition of buddhism is to destroy that perfection by bringing all living beings to the unconscious repose of nirvana. buddhism is thus guilty of a capital crime against nature, and in consequence does injustice to the individual. all legitimate desires must be repressed. innocent recreations are condemned. the cultivation of music is forbidden. researches in natural science are discountenanced. the development of the mind is limited to the memorizing of buddhist texts and the study of buddhist metaphysics, only a minimum of which is of any value. the buddhist ideal on earth is a state of passive indifference to everything. 3 islam does not make its adherents indifferent ; on the contrary, it calls them to liveliness, activity, and joy. all those who adopt the teachings of islam are very sensitive to what goes on around them. they do not regard the world as buddhism does, as chaos to avert the eyes from, but as a testing place — an arena in which they can put the high moral teachings of the qur ' an into practice. for this reason, islamic history is full of just and successful leaders who ensured comfortable and happy lives for their people. in sharp contrast, buddhism produces only wretched adherents who cause themselves suffering, drag themselves and others into passivity and poverty, and whose only solution to the problems they encounter is to immolate themselves. this is one of the biggest games that satan plays with people. a pagan religion buddhism is a pagan religion, inasmuch as it worships idols. it is said that today ' s buddhism has been divided into different schools, and that worship of buddha characterizes only some of them. but even to accept buddhism as an infallible guide — an error that all schools of buddhism fall into — is an indication that this religion views buddha as a god. according to historical sources, buddhist priests began


buddha characterizes only some of them. but even to accept buddhism as an infallible guide — an error that all schools of buddhism fall into — is an indication that this religion views buddha as a god. according to historical sources, buddhist priests began to deify buddha shortly after his death. statues of him were erected everywhere, and the perverse belief gained strength that nirvana had actually taken shape in his body and was embodied in these statues. the excessive respect that buddhist priests paid to buddha later turned into outright worship. today, giant statues of him adorn every country where buddhism is the dominant religion. in many countries from asia to america, you can see statues and temples with buddha ' s eyes painted on them — again, suggesting the message that buddha sees everything and watches people constantly, and that they should be thinking of him every minute of their lives. clearly, it ' s a completely untenable belief that someone who died thousands of years ago can still see those who believe in him, protect them, and listen to their prayers. the basic truth that buddhists are unable to grasp is that god, lord of all the worlds, who encompasses everything and knows the deepest hidden secrets of all things, created buddha, like all human beings. left : the eyes painted on some temples represent buddha ' s eyes, which supposedly see everything. this kind of temple, statues of buddha and painted eyes are frequently seen in countries where buddhism has been widely accepted, clearly showing how buddhism has made buddha into an idol. " the call of truth is made to him alone. those they call upon apart from him do not respond to them at all. it is like someone stretching out his cupped hands towards water to convey it to his mouth : it will never get there. the call of the unbelievers only goes astray. " ( qur ' an, 13 : 14 ) " if you associate others with god, your actions will come to nothing and you will be among the losers. " ( qur ' an 39 : 65 ) belief in karma the doctrine of karma supposes that everything a person does will have its effect on him sooner or later, and will have a bearing on his so - called next incarnation. according to this belief, people are continually reborn into this world, where they must bear the consequences in that later life of what they did in a former one. buddhism denies the existence of god and believes that karma is the unique power that governs everything. karma is a sanskrit word that means " act, " and refers to the law of


consequences in that later life of what they did in a former one. buddhism denies the existence of god and believes that karma is the unique power that governs everything. karma is a sanskrit word that means " act, " and refers to the law of cause and effect. according to those who believe in it, a person will experience in the future what he has done in the past, for good or ill. the past is one ' s former life ; the future is supposed to be a new life they will begin after death. according to this belief, anyone who is poor in this life is paying with his poverty the price for evil that he committed in some former life. this superstitious belief also claims that in a later life, an evil person may be " demoted " to rebirth as an animal or even a plant. according to the theory of karma, those who are poor, handicapped or ill are paying the price for evil deeds committed in a previous life. therefore, they deserve their present misfortunes. this perverse understanding results in prevalent injustices in societies where belief in karma is widespread. one harmful result of believing in karma is that it teaches that present helplessness, poverty and weakness are punishments for a person ' s moral evils. according to this belief system, if a person is disabled, it ' s because he has inflicted a similar injury on someone else in a former life and therefore deserves it. this superstitious belief is the main reason why the unjust social structure of the caste system dominated india for so many centuries. ( it must be remembered that karma is a hindu idea, and buddhism actually arose from hinduism. ) because the caste system was based on karma, the poor, sick and disabled within india were despised and oppressed. the wealthy high - caste ruling class regarded their own privileges as natural and just. in islam, however, being weak is not a retribution ; it is accepted as a test from god. furthermore, other people have the very important duty of helping those who are in need. for this reason, islam — like judaism and christianity, other religions based on divine revelation but that were later altered — has a very strong sense of social justice. but karma - based religions like buddhism and hinduism tolerate inequality and pose a great obstacle to social progress. karma is based on the belief in reincarnation : the idea that people come back into the world with the same spirit but in a different body. this idea of a " wheel of rebirth " supposes that every life influences a subsequent one. but this


is based on the belief in reincarnation : the idea that people come back into the world with the same spirit but in a different body. this idea of a " wheel of rebirth " supposes that every life influences a subsequent one. but this belief fails with one single question : how does this karma operate? if buddhism doesn ' t accept the existence of god, then who judges a person ' s former life and sends him back into the world in a new body? this question has no answer! buddhists believe that karma is a " natural law " that functions by itself, spontaneously, like gravity or thermodynamics. however, it is god who created all natural laws. no natural law observes what people do throughout their lives, keeps an account, and judges them after death on that basis. no natural law determines, as a result of this judgment, what kind of new life a person will have and re - creates him accordingly ; and no natural law imposes this process flawlessly on billions of people, much less animals. clearly no such natural law exists, and so, neither can such a process exist. so many people throughout the world believe in reincarnation, even though it has no logical basis, because they have no religious faith. denying the existence of an infinite afterlife, they fear death and cling to the idea of reincarnation as a way to escape their fear. belief in reincarnation — like belief in karma — is based in the false consolation that death is nothing to be feared, and that anyone will be able to attain his goals in a new birth. if reincarnation can ' t occur on its own, as a natural law, then clearly it could exist only through a supernatural act of creation. but a look at the qur ' an tells us that reincarnation is a myth. the book that god sent down as a guide to humanity openly declares that reincarnation is false. reincarnation according to islam " those who call on anything other than god are not really following their partner - gods. they are only following conjecture. " ( qur ' an 10 : 66 ) as in every other matter, the muslim point of view regarding to the philosophy of karma must be based on what god says in the qur ' an, which states there is only one birth and resurrection. everyone lives only once on this earth, and then he dies. in verse 62 : 8, our lord gives the following command : death, from which you are fleeing, will certainly catch up with you. then


there is only one birth and resurrection. everyone lives only once on this earth, and then he dies. in verse 62 : 8, our lord gives the following command : death, from which you are fleeing, will certainly catch up with you. then you will be returned to the knower of the unseen and the visible and he will inform you about what you did. a person is resurrected after death and, according to all the things he has done and the works he has performed, is rewarded with either eternal paradise or endless hell. that is to say, that a human being has one life in this world, and then an everlasting afterlife. god says very clearly in the qur ' an ( 21 : 95 ) that after he has died, no one will return to this life : " it is ordained that no nation we have destroyed shall ever rise again. " and similarly : when death comes to one of them, he says, " my lord, send me back again so that perhaps i may act rightly regarding the things i failed to do! " no indeed! it is just words he utters. behind them is a barrier until the day they are resurrected. ( qur ' an, 23 : 99 - 100 ) as these verses show, one part of humanity will die in the hopes of being reborn, but at the moment of their death, it will be revealed to them that this is absolutely impossible. in another verse in the qur ' an ( 2 : 28 ), god says this about the death and resurrection of human beings : how can you reject god, when you were dead and then he gave you life, then he will make you die and then give you life again, then you will be returned to him? god says that every human being is dead to begin with ; that is, he is created out of the basic inanimate elements of soil, water and mud. then, god " formed and proportioned " this lifeless mass ( qur ' an, 82 : 7 ) and brought him to life. at a specific time after the individual has been brought to life, life comes to an end, and he dies. he returns to the earth and decays back into the soil, where he awaits the final resurrection. everyone will be resurrected on the last day when, learning that another return to earth is not possible, he will give an account of all the actions he did in his life. in the qur ' an ( 44 : 56 - 57 ), god says that after a human being has come into


when, learning that another return to earth is not possible, he will give an account of all the actions he did in his life. in the qur ' an ( 44 : 56 - 57 ), god says that after a human being has come into this world, he will experience only one death : " they will not taste any death there — except for the first one. he will safeguard them from the punishment of the blazing fire. a favor from your lord. that is the great victory. " " how many generations we have destroyed before them! do you see a trace of any one of them or hear even a whisper of them? " these verses make it clear that death occurs only once. no matter how much people want to overcome their fears of death and an everlasting afterlife and console themselves with false beliefs in karma and reincarnation, the reality is that they won ' t return to this world after they die. everyone will die only once and, as god has willed, will have an endless life in the world to come. according to the good or the evil that individuals have done, they will either be rewarded with paradise, or punished with hell. the remains of petra in jordan eternally just, merciful and compassionate, god gives the perfect reward for what everyone has done. if a person seeks comfort in false beliefs because he fears death or the possibility of going to hell, he will experience certain ruin. anyone who has intelligent awareness, conscience, and fears in this regard must turn to god with a sincere heart if he hopes to escape the pains of hell and attain paradise. he must conform his life to the qur ' an, the true guide for humanity. never yet has being old or young, beautiful or rich been able to prevent anyone from dying ; and so, no one can disregard death ' s reality. whether people disregard that reality or not, it is something they can never avoid. the throes of death come revealing the truth. that is what you were trying to evade! ( qur ' an, 50 : 19 ) the remains of petra in jordan reading these lines, you may be led to consider the closeness of death. perhaps death is closer to you than to others ; and you may die before you finish reading this book. it may come for no apparent reason, with no illness, accident or age - related cause. god will send the angel of death to come at the hour of your departure and take your soul. we must always keep this important fact in mind and never postpone making preparations for death