improve educational achievement ; - teacher training needs to capitalise on new, emerging scientific understanding of child development in areas such as neuroscience and developmental psychology. wellbeing at work - work related absenteeism accounts for between 10 million to 14 million days lost, costing business around £750 million per annum ; - presenteeism - where the individual is at work but not productive - could cost the uk around £900 million per year ( this is worked out using figures from the us and adjusting to fit the uk work environment ) ; - continuously developing our mental capital by training and retraining through our working lives will be crucial to compete in the global market for skills and can improve mental wellbeing ; - new forms of flexible working could help employees meet the conflicting demands of intensification of work and the increased need for people to look after older relatives ; - there should be better integration of primary care and occupational health services to identify early symptoms of stress and mental ill - health which could help people return to work. - we need to act now - new treatments could take years to become available so protective lifestyles need to be adopted now by the middle aged ; - addressing dementia is a priority. by 2071 the number of over 65 ' s could nearly double to over 21 million, and those aged 80 could more than treble to 9. 5 million - treating dementia costs the uk £17 billion a year - this is set to rise to £50 billion a year within 30 years ; - scientific developments, such as biomarkers could help detect dementia earlier. ( biomarkers are objective biological measures associated with presence of a disease, increased risk for it, or response to treatment. mri scans are one example ). early detection could help the development of new drugs, improve potential therapeutic benefit of treatment, enhance quality of life for patients and reduce financial burden of health care services in the long tem. - the mental capital of older people is a massive, and under utilised resource. unlocking this could benefit the wellbeing and prosperity of older people and society as a whole - we need to ensure wellbeing in the elderly - this could be provided through : better treatment for common mental disorders such as depression, enabling people to engage in paid and unpaid work if they wish, lifelong learning, and through social networking. as the project ' s sponsor, dius will now take responsibility for the report ' s recommendations to assist in policy development across government. a report in 12 months time will outline the project ' s progress including action by


vlan support in linux vlan support requires a kernel compiled with config _ vlan _ 8021q and the vlan userland package ( i suggest you also enable config _ bridge _ ebt _ vlan so you can match vids in ebtables rules ). use the vconfig tool to create virtual vlan interfaces based on the combination of a physical ethernet interface and a specific vlan id. these interfaces can be used like any other ethernet interface on your system. run the following commands to add a new interface associated with eth0 and vid 5 : vconfig add eth0 5 ip link set eth0. 5 up this will create the virtual interface eth0. 5, which will have the following special vlan - specific behaviors : packets sent from eth0. 5 will be tagged with vid 5 and sent from eth0. packets received on eth0 tagged with vid 5 will show up on eth0. 5 as normal ( that is, untagged ) packets. only packets that were tagged with vid 5 will arrive on the virtual vlan interface. the biggest difference between linux and an off - the - shelf vlan switch is that linux can participate as a host on the network rather than just forward packets for other hosts. because the linux box itself can be the endpoint of network communications, the configuration approach is different from that of a typical vlan switch. instead of setting vlan membership for each port, each port / vid combination gets its own virtual eth interface. by adding these interfaces and optionally bridging them with physical interfaces, you can create any desired vlan configuration. there is no per - port pvid setting in linux. it is implicit based on to which vlan interface ( s ) the physical ingress interface is bridged. packets are tagged if they are sent out on a virtual vlan interface according to the vid of that interface. tagging and untagging operations happen automatically as packets flow between physical and virtual interfaces of a given bridge. remember that the pvid setting is relevant only when forwarding packets that were received as untagged. with a typical vlan switch there is only one bridge ( the switch itself ), of which every port is a member. traffic segmentation is achieved with separate per - port ingress ( pvid ) and egress vlan membership rules. because linux can have multiple bridges, the pvid setting is unnecessary.


itself ), of which every port is a member. traffic segmentation is achieved with separate per - port ingress ( pvid ) and egress vlan membership rules. because linux can have multiple bridges, the pvid setting is unnecessary. these details are simply convention ; the effective configurations are still the same across all vlan platforms. it sounds more complicated than it actually is. the best way to understand all this is with some real - world examples. let ' s say you have a linux box with a single physical interface ( eth0 ) that you want to join to three existing vlans : vids 10, 20 and 30. first, you need to verify the configuration of the existing switch / port into which you will plug the linux box. it needs to be a member of all three vlans, with tagging on for all three vlans. next, run these commands on the linux box : ip link set eth0 up vconfig add eth0 10 ip link set eth0. 10 up vconfig add eth0 20 ip link set eth0. 20 up vconfig add eth0 30 ip link set eth0. 30 up you then can use eth0. 10, eth0. 20 and eth0. 30 as normal interfaces ( add ip addresses, run dhclient and so on ). these will behave just like normal physical interfaces connected to each of the vlans. there is only one physical interface in this example, so there is no need to define a bridge. let ' s say you want to use the linux box in the above example to connect a non - vlan - aware laptop to vlan 20. you ' ll need to add another physical interface ( eth1 ), and then bridge it with eth0. 20. i ' m naming the bridge vlan20, but you can name it anything : brctl addbr vlan20 ip link set vlan20 up brctl addif vlan20 eth0. 20 ip link set eth1 up brctl addif vlan20 eth1 now eth1 is a port on vlan 20, and you can plug in the laptop ( or a whole switch to connect multiple devices ). any devices connected through eth1 will see vlan 20 as a normal ethernet network ( untagged packets ), as shown in figure 2. the implied pvid of eth1


laptop ( or a whole switch to connect multiple devices ). any devices connected through eth1 will see vlan 20 as a normal ethernet network ( untagged packets ), as shown in figure 2. the implied pvid of eth1 is 20 because it ' s bridged with that virtual vlan interface. you ' re not creating any vlan interfaces on eth1 ( such as eth1. 20 ), because you don ' t want it to send or receive tagged packets. it ' s the bridge with eth0. 20 that makes eth1 a “ member ” of the vlan. as with any bridge config, you ' ll also need to stop using eth0. 20 as a configured interface and start using vlan20 in its place. free webinar : linux backup and recovery most companies incorporate backup procedures for critical data, which can be restored quickly if a loss occurs. however, fewer companies are prepared for catastrophic system failures, in which they lose all data, the entire operating system, applications, settings, patches and more, reducing their system ( s ) to “ bare metal. ” after all, before data can be restored to a system, there must be a system to restore it to. in this one hour webinar, learn how to enhance your existing backup strategies for better disaster recovery preparedness using storix system backup administrator ( sbadmin ), a highly flexible bare - metal recovery solution for unix and linux systems. | using salt stack and vagrant for drupal development | | may 20, 2013 | | making linux and android get along ( it ' s not as hard as it sounds ) | | may 16, 2013 | | drupal is a framework : why everyone needs to understand this | | may 15, 2013 | | home, my backup data center | | may 13, 2013 | | non - linux foss : seashore | | may 10, 2013 | | trying to tame the tablet | | may 08, 2013 | - rss feeds - making linux and android get along ( it ' s not as hard as it sounds ) - new products - drupal is a framework : why everyone needs to understand this - a topic for discussion - open source feature - richness? - home, my backup data center - validate an e - mail address with php, the right way - tech tip : really simple http server with python - trying to tame the tablet - new products - git - annex assistant 5 hours


distributed caching with memcached memcached is a high - performance, distributed caching system. although application - neutral, it ' s most commonly used to speed up dynamic web applications by alleviating database load. memcached is used on livejournal, slashdot, wikipedia and other high - traffic sites. for the past eight years i ' ve been creating large, interactive, database - backed web sites spanning multiple servers. approximately 70 machines currently run livejournal. com, a blogging and social networking system with 2. 5 million accounts. in addition to the typical blogging and friend / interest / profile declaration features, livejournal also sports forums, polls, a per - user news aggregator, audio posts by phone and other features useful for bringing people together. optimizing the speed of dynamic web sites is always a challenge, and livejournal is no different. the task is made all the more challenging, because nearly any content item in the system can have an associated security level and be aggregated into many different views. from prior projects with dynamic, context - aware content, i knew from the beginning of livejournal ' s development that pregenerating static pages wasn ' t a viable optimization technique. it ' s impossible due to the constituent objects ' cacheability and lifetimes being so different, so you make a bunch of sacrifices and waste a lot of time precomputing pages more often than they ' re requested. this isn ' t to say caching is a bad thing. on the contrary, one of the core factors of a computer ' s performance is the speed, size and depth of its memory hierarchy. caching definitely is necessary, but only if you do it on the right medium and at the right granularity. i find it best to cache each object on a page separately, rather than caching the entire page as a whole. that way you don ' t end up wasting space by redundantly caching objects and template elements that appear on more than one page. in the end, though, it ' s all a series of trade - offs. because processors keep getting faster, i find it preferable to burn cpu cycles rather than wait for disks. modern disks keeping growing larger and cheaper, but they aren ' t getting much faster. considering how slow and crash - prone they are, i try to avoid disks as much as possible. livejournal ' s web nodes are all diskless, netbooting off a


and cheaper, but they aren ' t getting much faster. considering how slow and crash - prone they are, i try to avoid disks as much as possible. livejournal ' s web nodes are all diskless, netbooting off a common yet redundant nfs root image. not only is this cheaper, but it requires significantly less maintenance. of course, disks are necessary for our database servers, but there we stick to fast disks with fast raid setups. we actually have ten different database clusters, each with two or more machines. nine of the clusters are user clusters, containing data specific to the users partitioned among them. one is our global cluster with non - user data and the table that maps users to their user clusters. the rationale for independent clusters is to spread writes. the alternative is having one big cluster with hundreds of slaves. the difficulty with such a monolithic cluster is it only spreads reads. the problem of diminishing returns appears as each new slave is added and increasingly is consumed by the writes necessary to stay up to date. at this point you can see livejournal ' s back - end philosophy : avoid disks : they ' re a pain. when necessary, use only fast, redundant i / o systems. scale out, not up : many little machines, not big machines. my definition of a little machine is more about re - usability than cost. i want a machine i can keep using as long as it ' s worth its space and heat output. i don ' t want to scale by throwing out machines every six months, replacing them with bigger machines. prior to memcached, our web nodes unconditionally hit our databases. this worked, but it wasn ' t as optimal as it could ' ve been. i realized that even with 4g or 8g of memory, our database server caches were limited, both in raw memory size and by the address space available to our database server processes running on 32 - bit machines. yes, i could ' ve replaced all our databases with 64 - bit machines with much more memory, but recall that i ' m stubborn and frugal. i wanted to cache more on our web nodes. unfortunately, because we ' re using mod _ perl 1. x, caching is a pain. each process and thus, each web request, is in its own address space and can ' t share data with the others. each of the 30 – 50 processes could cache on its own, but doing so would be waste


caching is a pain. each process and thus, each web request, is in its own address space and can ' t share data with the others. each of the 30 – 50 processes could cache on its own, but doing so would be wasteful. system v shared memory has too many weird limitations and isn ' t portable. it also works only on a single machine, not across 40 + web nodes. these issues reflect what i saw as the main problem with most caching solutions. even if our application platform was multithreaded with data easily shared between processes, we still could cache on only a single machine. i didn ' t want all 40 + machines caching independently and duplicating information. | using salt stack and vagrant for drupal development | | may 20, 2013 | | making linux and android get along ( it ' s not as hard as it sounds ) | | may 16, 2013 | | drupal is a framework : why everyone needs to understand this | | may 15, 2013 | | home, my backup data center | | may 13, 2013 | | non - linux foss : seashore | | may 10, 2013 | | trying to tame the tablet | | may 08, 2013 | - rss feeds - making linux and android get along ( it ' s not as hard as it sounds ) - new products - drupal is a framework : why everyone needs to understand this - a topic for discussion - open source feature - richness? - home, my backup data center - validate an e - mail address with php, the right way - tech tip : really simple http server with python - new products - trying to tame the tablet - git - annex assistant 5 hours 37 min ago - direct cable connection 5 hours 59 min ago - agreed on airdroid. with my 6 hours 10 min ago - i just learned this 6 hours 14 min ago 6 hours 44 min ago - not living upto the mobile revolution 9 hours 35 min ago - deceptive advertising and 10 hours 11 min ago - let \ ' s declare that you have 10 hours 12 min ago - alterations in contest due 10 hours 13 min ago - at a numbers mindset, your 10 hours 14 min ago enter to win an adafruit prototyping pi plate kit for raspberry pi it ' s raspberry pi month at linux journal. each week in may, adafruit will be giving away a pi - related prize to a lucky, randomly drawn lj reader. winners


##typing pi plate kit for raspberry pi it ' s raspberry pi month at linux journal. each week in may, adafruit will be giving away a pi - related prize to a lucky, randomly drawn lj reader. winners will be announced weekly. fill out the fields below to enter to win this week ' s prize - - a prototyping pi plate kit for raspberry pi. congratulations to our winners so far : - 5 - 8 - 13, pi starter pack : jack davis - 5 - 15 - 13, pi model b 512mb ram : patrick dunn - next winner announced on 5 - 21 - 13! free webinar : linux backup and recovery most companies incorporate backup procedures for critical data, which can be restored quickly if a loss occurs. however, fewer companies are prepared for catastrophic system failures, in which they lose all data, the entire operating system, applications, settings, patches and more, reducing their system ( s ) to “ bare metal. ” after all, before data can be restored to a system, there must be a system to restore it to. in this one hour webinar, learn how to enhance your existing backup strategies for better disaster recovery preparedness using storix system backup administrator ( sbadmin ), a highly flexible bare - metal recovery solution for unix and linux systems.


like alaska ' s mighty yukon, a broad river once flowed across antarctica, following a gentle valley shaped by tectonic forces at a time before the continent became encased in ice. understanding what happened when rivers of ice later filled the valley could solve certain climate and geologic puzzles about the southernmost continent. the valley is lambert graben in east antarctica, now home to the world ' s largest glacier. trapped beneath the ice, the graben ( which is german for ditch or trench ) is a stunning, deep gorge. but before antarctica ' s deep freeze 34 million years ago, the valley was relatively flat and filled by a lazy river, leaving a riddle for geologists to decode : how did lambert graben get so steep, and when was it carved? [ full story : what antarctica looked like before the ice ] last year, yosemite national park ' s famed " firefall " was more of a " firedrizzle " due to lack of snow. but this year, the " firefall " is burning bright. yosemite ' s horsetail fall flows like lava under a clear sky and favorable lighting. it ' s a small waterfall that makes big news whenever it glows orange during sunset in mid - to late february. this time of year, the sun is setting at just the right angle and the western sky is just clear enough to create the " firefall " effect. when that happens, the waterfall will glow orange for about 10 minutes. [ full story : wilderness ' paparazzi ' flock to yosemite ' s ' firefall ' ] a menacing swarm of locusts that entered southern israel earlier this week has been largely smitten, according to the israeli government and local reports. but some of the insects ' ilk may be back later this week. officials sprayed the flying insects with pesticide early this morning ( march 6 ), greatly reducing the number of living, flying insects, according to a statement from the ministry of agriculture and rural development. [ full story : israel escapes locust plague — for now ] a new photo taken from the international space station shows an ecologically diverse area of panama in a new light. the picture is the first taken by a new earth - observing tool recently installed on the orbiting science laboratory, and shows the san pablo river emptying into the gulf of montijo, reported nasa ' s earth observatory. [ full story : new space station camera snaps first image of earth ] emperor penguins “ wear ” an invisible shield of cold air that helps to prevent body heat loss


river emptying into the gulf of montijo, reported nasa ' s earth observatory. [ full story : new space station camera snaps first image of earth ] emperor penguins “ wear ” an invisible shield of cold air that helps to prevent body heat loss, allowing the flightless birds to survive the sub - zero temps of antarctica, a new study finds. the report, published in the journal biology letters, demonstrates just how hardy the birds are. [ full story : penguins wear a shield of cold air in winter ] scientists are unveiling a rare octopus that has never been on public display before. and unlike other octopuses, where females have a nasty habit of eating their partners during sex, larger pacific striped octopuses mate by pressing their beaks and suckers against each other in an intimate embrace. [ full story : rare kissing octopus unveiled for the first time ] the huge ocean sloshing beneath the icy shell of jupiter ' s moon europa likely makes its way to the surface in some places, suggesting astronomers may not need to drill down deep to investigate it, a new study reports. scientists have detected chemicals on europa ' s frozen surface that could only come from the global liquid - water ocean beneath, implying the two are in contact and potentially opening a window into an environment that may be capable of supporting life as we know it. [ full story : on jupiter ' s moon europa, underground ocean bubbles up to surface ] the latest in a series of late - season snowstorms is barreling toward the east coast, dumping nearly a foot of snow on some locales as it passes. the national weather service predicts 8 to 12 inches ( 20 to 30 centimeters ) of snow could fall in the mid - atlantic states tonight ( march 5 ), with up to 18 inches ( 45 cm ) in west virginia. tomorrow ( march 6 ), traffic snarls are expected along interstate 95 as the system collides with warm air over the east coast, pummeling northern virginia, washington, d. c., maryland, n. y. ' s long island and southern connecticut with heavy, wet snow. [ full story : snowstorm threatening east coast seen from space ] camels are the poster animals for the desert, but researchers now have evidence that these shaggy beasts once lived in the canadian high arctic. the fossil remains of a 3. 5 - million - year - old camel were found on ellesmere island in canada ' s northernmost territory, nunavut. the camel was about 30 percent bigger than modern camels and was identified


high arctic. the fossil remains of a 3. 5 - million - year - old camel were found on ellesmere island in canada ' s northernmost territory, nunavut. the camel was about 30 percent bigger than modern camels and was identified using a technique called collagen fingerprinting. the finding, detailed today ( march 5 ) in the journal nature communications, suggests that modern camels stemmed from giant relatives that lived in a forested arctic that was somewhat warmer than today. [ full story : giant camels roamed the arctic 3. 5 million years ago ] in the second century, an ethnically greek roman named galen became doctor to the gladiators. his glimpses into the human body via these warriors ' wounds, combined with much more systematic dissections of animals, became the basis of islamic and european medicine for centuries. galen ' s texts wouldn ' t be challenged for anatomical supremacy until the renaissance, when human dissections — often in public — surged in popularity. but doctors in medieval europe weren ' t as idle as it may seem, as a new analysis of the oldest - known preserved human dissection in europe reveals. [ full story : grotesque mummy head reveals advanced medieval science ] the european union has launched a new program to tackle the threat of space junk, which litters the corridors of earth orbit. space junk is man - made debris — spent rocket stages, dead satellites and even lost spacewalker tools — orbiting earth. these bits of detritus pose a risk to orbiting satellites, which even a small piece of space trash could damage or destroy. [ full story : europe takes aim at space junk menace ]


falling furniture : rising risk for children credit : © photographer : showface | agency : dreamstime. com credit : © photographer : showface | agency : dreamstime. com parents might like to think of their home as a safe haven for their kids, but falling household furniture — such as televisions, dressers, and desks — poses a surprising amount of danger to youngsters, according to a new study. and the risk is growing. an estimated 264, 200 children were hurt and about 300 were killed by furniture tip - overs from 1990 to 2007, said the study ' s senior author dr. gary smith, director of the center for injury research and policy at nationwide children ' s hospital in ohio, the organization that conducted the research. the number of children sent to the emergency room for injuries related to falling furniture in the united states increased from an estimated 12, 012 cases in 1990 to 16, 950 in 2007 ( 41 percent ), he said. and even when the researchers adjusted for changes in population size over the course of the study, they still saw a rise. " the take home message is, in terms of numbers and rates, the burden of these injuries continues to increase, " said smith. and the study, he says, tells us that " what we ' re doing right now to prevent these injuries is inadequate, we need to do more. " most of the injuries — about 75 percent — were in children 6 years old or younger. children under 9 were most likely to be hurt by falling televisions and suffer head and neck injuries, while older children were usually injured by other types of furniture, including cabinets and bookshelves, and more frequently sustained trauma to their lower body. the researchers published their results in the may 2009 issue of the journal clinical pediatrics. the scientists note that almost a quarter of the accidents resulted from children pulling or climbing the furniture. to arrive at these estimates, smith and his colleagues obtained data from the national electronic injury surveillance system, a sample of 98 different hospitals in the united states with 24 - hour emergency rooms. the researchers used this information to calculate the total number of furniture injuries to u. s. children. the study is more inclusive than previous analyses, smith said, because it includes data from more hospitals over a longer time period, and looked at injuries from many different types of furniture, instead of only focusing on televisions. the researchers can only speculate about the cause of the increase. " perhaps there ' s more tvs or other types of furniture that are associated with tip


( newsusa ) - it ' s easy to instantly trim your energy consumption and boost the eco - friendliness of your home. the key to easy energy savings is lighting, but for many homeowners and renters, knowing how and what to do to improve their home ' s lighting efficiency can be confusing. to alleviate that confusion, the american lighting association ( ala ) offers some easy energy - saving steps : 1. replace incandescent bulbs with compact fluorescents ( cfls ). to make an immediate impact on your energy consumption - - and your utility bill - - swap out your most - used incandescent bulbs with cfls. " it ' s the easiest way to start improving your energy efficiency, " says joe rey - barreau, education consultant for the ala and an associate professor at the university of kentucky ' s school of interior design. to find the right cfl for you, look at the color temperature listed on the bulb package label. choose a bulb labeled " residential color, " " warm " or " soft white. " 2. replace dimmable incandescent bulbs with dimmable cfls. as the color range of cfls has improved, so has their ability to be dimmed, and dimmable bulbs are proven to decrease energy use. however, cfls still do not have the dimming range of incandescents. 3. buy name brands. it is frustrating to invest in a longer - lasting bulb only to have it burn out quickly. to avoid that, buy recognizable brands for improved quality and color. 4. revamp outdoor fixtures. your outdoor lighting fixture may be beautiful, but it may be an energy guzzler, too. look for energy - efficient fixtures that use either cfls or light - emitting diodes ( leds ), or those that activate using a motion sensor or photocell. 5. buy energy star - qualified fixtures and bulbs. energy star is a u. s. department of energy certification most recognized on appliances - - though also used on lighting fixtures and bulbs. 6. retrofit recessed lighting with led fixtures. while led bulbs have a high initial cost, they will last the lifetime of the fixture. 7. replace undercabinet lighting. with long life and super - high efficiency, some led lighting also offers fairly easy installation, including pucks and strips used as undercabinet lighting. as an added bonus, led lights will not give off the undesirable heat of incandescents. visit your local ala - member


( ara ) - this year ' s tick population, including the increased number of the treatments throughout the mid - atlantic, has a somewhat surprising cause... acorns. oak trees produced an extremely high number of acorns in 2010, which led to an increase in the white - footed mouse population in 2011. in turn, the deer tick ( or black - legged tick ), had ample supply of its preferred food source. as a result, you may spot more of the most common tick in the mid - atlantic in your backyard. ranging from the size of a sesame seed to 5 / 8 - inch long, most ticks are ectoparasites, or parasites that live on the surface of their host. the deer tick goes through three life stages - larva, nymph and adult - requiring a blood meal during each stage. typically, ticks feed on wildlife where they can come into contact with dangerous bacteria, including lyme disease and rocky mountain spotted fever. the bacteria may be transferred to humans through tick bites. " in most cases, a tick must be attached to your body for 24 to 36 hours to transmit disease. as a result, prevention and early detection are critical, " says phil pierce, entomologist and technical services manager for western pest services. " it is important to always check yourself, children and pets promptly after spending time outdoors in wooded or grassy areas and to take steps to limit your exposure to these blood - sucking pests. " pierce recommends the following tips to help you avoid ticks when outdoors : * wear long - sleeved shirts and long pants when working outside near woodlands, fields and areas with shrubbery and tall grass. * choose light - colored clothing so it ' s easier to identify any ticks on your body, and tuck pants into socks or boots to prevent ticks from crawling into pant legs. * apply an epa - approved insect repellant on clothing and exposed skin near potential entrance areas ( pants cuff, shirt cuff, collar and around socks ). you can also purchase clothing treated with materials that repel and control ticks. ticks generally do not infest areas that are well maintained. to help control tick populations around the home, keep vegetation in the yard trimmed, especially along the edges of your property. should you encounter ticks, it is best to remove them with fine point tweezers. grasp the tick as close to the point of the bite as possible. gently, but firmly, lift the tick at the head with tweezers. avoid


answering the atheist august 10, 2003 / volume 3, issue 32 the atheist ' s complaint : when were the stars made? genesis 1 : 16 - 19 say it was on the fourth day of creation. however, job 38 : 4 - 7 says it was before the earth was made. is there a contradiction? the questioner ought to acknowledge that figurative language is being employed by the lord when he says that “... the morning stars sang together... ” do stars ( clustered gases in space ) sing? the text is speaking of the glory of god ’ s creation, not of the order in which it was carried out. the “ morning stars ” are the brightest and most glorious of the stars, of outstanding beauty as they declare the coming of the morning. here the lord uses them figuratively to declare the beginning of creation, or the morning of creation. the fact that the stars were created on the fourth day does not preclude them from singing together the praise of god at the laying of the foundation of the earth. have you ever had a wonderful idea, and you played out in your mind beforehand how things would work. you visualized the steps you would take, the successes you would attain, the goals and rewards which would come. god in his foreknowledge could surely envision the praises of his creation ( psalm 19 : 1 ; 148 : 3 ). the difference between the lord anticipating such things, and us fantasizing of how and when our plans will come to fruition is that he knew that it would be so. we can only speculate when it comes to our plans. there is no contradiction. this article is a response to skeptic ' s annotated bible


in kinship terminology, a cousin is a relative with whom one shares a common ancestor. in modern usage, the term is rarely used when referring to a relative in one ' s own line of descent, or where there is a more specific term to describe the relationship : e. g., brother, sister, aunt, uncle. the term blood relative can be used synonymously, and underlines the existence of a genetic link. a system of degrees and removes is used to describe the relationship between the two cousins and the ancestor they have in common. the degree ( first, second, third cousin, etc. ) indicates one less than the minimum number ofgenerations between either cousin and the nearest common ancestor ; the remove ( once removed, twice removed, etc. ) indicates the number of generations, if any, separating the two cousins from each other. for example, a person with whom you share a grandparent ( but not a parent ) is a first cousin ; someone with whom you share a great - grandparent ( but not a grandparent ) is a second cousin ; and someone with whom you share a great - great - grandparent ( but not a great - grandparent ) is a third cousin ; and so on. the child of your first cousin is yourfirst cousin once removed because the one generation separating you and the child ( the cousin ) represents oneremove. you and the child are still considered first cousins, as your own grandparent ( this child ' s great - grandparent ), as the most recent common ancestor, represents one degree. non - genealogical usage often eliminates the degrees and removes, and refers to people with common ancestors merely as cousins or distant cousins. alternatively, the terms ' second cousin ' and ' first cousin once removed ' are often incorrectly used interchangeably. the system can handle kinships going back any number of generations ( subject to the genealogical information being available ).


haiti is a caribbean country occupying the western - third of the island of hispaniola, between the atlantic ocean and caribbean sea. what is the capital of haiti? port - au - prince is the capital of the caribbean nation of haiti. with a population of 897, 859, haiti is the largest city in the country. haiti covers a total area of 10, 714 square miles. as estimated in 2011, the caribbean nation had a population of 9, 719, 932. what are the ethnic groups in haiti? the majority of the population of haiti belong to africa. there are a few hispanic residents, as well as small numbers of europeans. the country also has some syrians and lebanese. what are the administrative divisions of haiti? haiti is divided into ten departments that are sub - divided into 41 arrondissements, and 133 communes. the communeas function as second - and third - level administrative divisions. who are the political leaders of haiti? president - michel martelly prime minister - garry conille what is the official currency used in haiti? the gourde denoted by the iso 4217 code htg is the official currency if haiti. it is divided into 100 centimes or santim. the gourde was adopted in 1813. what is the official language of haiti? haiti has two official languages : french and haitian creole. french is the official language of haiti used for administrative, religious, educational and business purposes. the standardized haitian creole is also officially recognized and is spoken by the entire population of haiti. there are a few spanish speakers in the country as well. what is the religion of haiti? the official religion of haiti is christianity. the largest denomination is roman catholicism practiced by almost eighty - percent of haitians. protestants make up about sixteen percent of the population of the country. haiti is one of the poorest nations in the world with eighty percent of the population living under the poverty line. in 2010, the gdp ( ppp ) of the country was estimated at $ 11. 477 billion, while the per capita was $ 1, 164. agriculture is an important sector employing about sixty - six percent of the total population. small - scale subsistence farming contributes thirty percent to the gdp. cassava, rice, sugarcane, sorghum, yams, corn, coffee, and mangoes are the major crops. mangoes and coffee are two of the most important exports of haiti. the other major exports include oils, cocoa, sugar, sisal, and bauxite. haiti has


biofouling is one of the main problems faced by every type of ship at the sea. marine growth such as barnacles and mussels have been the reason for problems such as decreased ship efficiency, corrosion etc. biofouling not only sticks to the external surface of the ships but also gets into the water intakes and sticks to the surface of the pipes leading to problems such as blockage and corrosion. though mechanical removing tools can be used to get rid of such marine growth, this is not always possible. for this reason, different types of marine growth prevent systems are used on board ships, along with anti - fouling paints. the main types of preventive measures used on ships are : 1. electrolytic system 2. chemical dosing 3. ultrasonic system 1. electrolytic system this is one of the most commonly used systems to fight biofouling on ships. the electrolytic system consists of pairs of anodes, mostly copper and aluminum ( or iron ). the anodes are mounted in the sea chest or the strainer. dc current is passed through the copper anodes, which produce ions that are carried with the seawater in the whole piping network. these copper ions in the seawater prevent marine organisms from settling down and multiplying on the surface of the pipes. the second anode is used to prevent corrosion of the metal surface. the iron anodes help in preventing layers of oxide films of the metals from breaking down by the corrosive agents ( sulphur ) of seawater. this system also gives protection to valves, condensers, engine cooling systems and ancillary equipment. a control panel measures and monitors the output of each of the anodes. 2. chemical dosing chemical dosing is also a common method which is used to prevent marine growth in piping network. anti - fouling chemical such as ferrous chloride is used to dose sea water boxes. the chemical coats the pipework with a protective ferrous layer to prevent corrosion. high frequency waves are also used as a method to prevent marine growth in piping systems. ultrasonic system is supposed to be known as one of the most highly effective methods to prevent biofouling. a reduction in biofouling of as much as 80 % is claimed by this method. according to research, ultrasonics is supposed to have two types of effects on anti - fouling. - a disturbance action because of the high frequency waves which renders the habitat unacceptable - a


as much as 80 % is claimed by this method. according to research, ultrasonics is supposed to have two types of effects on anti - fouling. - a disturbance action because of the high frequency waves which renders the habitat unacceptable - a mechanical action on the organisms which are trying to deposit adhesive. it not only helps in preventing it from solidifying but also acts on 4 - 5mm organisms which are already anchored. in the ultrasonic method, a wave generator produces and sends electrical impulses at high frequency. these waves are passed through a coaxial cable to transducers which are mounted externally to the sea chests or strainers. the transducers contain piezoelectric ceramic crystals, which when excited by electrical impulses, generate an ultrasonic beam. the main advantage of this system is that it is non - invasive and no parts are in contact with sea water. moreover, no toxic substances are produced. electro - chlorination is a method in which chlorine is generated to produce sodium hypochlorite, which is used to prevent fouling. titanium is used as the cathode material whereas titanium coated with 100 micro - inches of platinum is used as anodes. titanium is an electrochemically inert element at positive voltages less than 9 volts. the anode / cathode voltage is kept 7 volts. chlorine is generated at the anodes along with other elements to form sodium hyperchlorite. a large amount of hydrogen gas is also produced which should be evacuated safely. the layer at the anode in consumed at a rate of 6 mg / ampere per year. however, it depends on the unit voltages and currents supplied. the total output of chlorine is a function of current rather than flow through the unit. thus adequate flow is required to ensure cooling and to prevent calcareous deposits. 10pp chlorine in sea water would kill all marine life quickly, whereas 1 ppm will prevent fouling. this can be tested on board. it is to note that this system is designed to be used only in sea water and not in fresh water. biofouling is one of those problems which have been bothering the shipping industry since the start. project such as ambio has been implemented to find solid solutions to this problem. advances have already been made in the field of anti - fouling paints and anti - marine growth systems. some innovative techniques that can be used to prevent biofouling in the future are


from the department of mathematics welcome to math 126. this is the third quarter of an introductory course in calculus. what makes this course interesting? the use of calculus and its consequences cuts across many disciplines, ranging from biology to business to engineering to the social sciences. at the risk of oversimplifying, calculus provides powerful tools to study " the rate of change. " for example, we might want to study how fast a disease is spreading through a population, by studying the " number of diagnosed cases per day ". we hope that seeing how calculus can be used to solve real world problems will be interesting. this course first expands upon the idea of linear approximations learned in math 124. you will learn how to make better approximations and to estimate how good these approximations are. many practical applications of calculus involve functions that depend on more than one variable. you will learn about the geometry of curves and surfaces and get an introduction to differentiation and integration of functions two variables. what makes this course difficult? the hardest thing about calculus is precalculus. the hardest thing about precalculus is algebra. you all know from previous math classes how one course will build upon the next, and calculus is no exception. math 126 will not only use material from precalculus and algebra, but it will use material you learned in math 124 and math 125. very few of you will go on to major in mathematics or computer science, but most of you will eventually see how calculus is applied in your chosen field of study. for this reason, we aim for ability to solve application problems using calculus. some of the homework problems are quite lengthy and building up your " mathematical problem solving stamina " is just one of the aims of this course. if you have taken the math 120 at uw, you know what this all means. if you have not, it means that a large number of " word problems " ( " story problems " ) or " multi - step problems " are encountered in the course. this is one key place math 126 will differ from a typical high school course. in addition, it is important to note that the ability to apply calculus requires more than computational skill ; it requires conceptual understanding. as you work through the homework, you will find two general types of problems : calculation / skill problems and multi - step / word problems. a good rule of thumb is to work enough of the skill problems to become proficient, then spend the bulk of your time working on the longer multi - step problems. five common misconceptions misconception


and multi - step / word problems. a good rule of thumb is to work enough of the skill problems to become proficient, then spend the bulk of your time working on the longer multi - step problems. five common misconceptions misconception # 1 : theory is irrelevant and the lectures should be aimed just at showing you how to do the problems. the issue here is that we want you to be able to do all problems – not just particular kinds of problems – to which the methods of the course apply. for that level of command, the student must attain some conceptual understanding and develop judgment. thus, a certain amount of theory is very relevant, indeed essential. a student who has been trained only to do certain kinds of problems has acquired very limited expertise. misconception # 2 : the purpose of the classes and assignments is to prepare the student for the exams. the real purpose of the classes and homework is to guide you in achieving the aspiration of the course : command of the material. if you have command of the material, you should do well on the exams. misconception # 3 : it is the teacher ' s job to cover the material. as covering the material is the role of the textbook, and the textbook is to be read by the student, the instructor should be doing something else, something that helps the student grasp the material. the instructor ' s role is to guide the students in their learning : to reinforce the essential conceptual points of the subject, and to show their relation to the solving of problems. misconception # 4 : since you are supposed to be learning from the book, there ' s no need to go to the lectures. the lectures, the reading, and the homework should combine to produce true comprehension of the material. for most students, reading a math text won ' t be easy. the lectures should serve to orient the student in learning the material. misconception # 5 : since i did well in math, even calculus, in a good high school, i ' ll have no trouble with math at uw. there is a different standard at the college level. students will have to put in more effort in order to get a good grade than in high school ( or equivalently, to learn the material sufficiently well by college standards ). how do i succeed? most people learn mathematics by doing mathematics. that is, you learn it by active participation ; it is very unusual for someone to learn calculus by simply watching the instructor and ta perform. for this reason, the homework is the


. how do i succeed? most people learn mathematics by doing mathematics. that is, you learn it by active participation ; it is very unusual for someone to learn calculus by simply watching the instructor and ta perform. for this reason, the homework is the heart of the course and more than anything else, study time is the key to success in math 126. we advise an average of 15 hours of study per week, outside class. also, during the first week, the number of study hours will probably be even higher as you adjust to the viewpoint of the course and brush up on precalculus / algebra skills. in effect, this means that math 126 will be roughly a 20 hour per week effort ; the equivalent of a half - time job! this time commitment is in line with the university handbook guidelines. in addition, it is much better to spread your studying evenly as possible across the week ; cramming 15 hours of homework into the day before an assignment is due does not work. pacing yourself, using a time schedule throughout the week, is a good way to insure success ; this applies to any course at the uw, not just math. what is the course format? on monday, wednesday and friday, you will meet with the instructor for the course in a class of size approximately 160 ; these classes are each 50 minutes long. on tuesday and thursday you will have a 50 minute section of about 40 students run by a ta. during these sections, you will take quizzes and exams, work in small groups on worksheets, and participate in question and answer sessions. the worksheets are designed to lead you through particular ideas related to this course. the ta for the course will circulate around the individual groups to insure everyone is progressing. what resources are available to help me succeed? calculus is a challenging course and the math department would like to see every one of you pass through with a positive experience. to help, a number of resources are available. good luck this quarter. math study center | common finals | office hours | acms | math placement | tutor list | time schedule | career center | search printer friendly format please send comments, corrections, and suggestions to : webmaster [ at ] math. washington. edu


croessmann, a 25 - year - old baltimore resident, is one of 1. 6 million americans on gluten - free diets who have not been diagnosed with celiac disease, according to a recent study published in the american journal of gastroenterology. celiac disease is triggered by the gluten found in wheat, barley, rye and possibly oats, which causes an autoimmune reaction and can lead to damage to the small intestine. gluten sensitivity, from which croessmann suffers, is much vaguer. a 2011 study in the journal bmc medicine determined that individuals with gluten sensitivity, as is the case with those who have celiac disease, cannot tolerate gluten, but the overall clinical picture is less severe, and the condition generally does not lead to intestinal damage. » the latest on traffic, delays and road construction delivered to your mobile phone. click to sign up to receive text alerts! dr. joseph murray, professor of medicine and a consultant in gastroenterology and immunology at the mayo clinic in minnesota and co - author of the recently published study on the prevalence of celiac disease, says gluten sensitivity is likely one of many reasons the 1. 6 million who have cut gluten without a celiac diagnosis are on the restricted diet. others reasons may include advice from practitioners of alternative medicine practitioner, a desire to lose weight, or simply the prevalence of gluten - free products on shelves at health stores. whatever the reason, doctors say, going on a gluten - free diet should be done only after careful consideration. it ' s not necessarily bad for you, but it ' s not for everyone, either. dr. gerard mullin, an associate professor at johns hopkins hospital and author of " the inside tract, " says that while there ' s not a particular component of gluten that your body will lack or need to have replaced if it ' s removed from your diet, it ' s best to take a highly individualized approach when determining whether a gluten - free diet is right for you. while celebrities often promote a gluten - free diet as a great way to slim down, mullin says it ' s far from an easy or sure way to lose weight. " a lot of convenience foods are gluten - laden, " he says. in removing gluten, you ' re taking away a lot of easily accessible and caloric snack foods — bagels,


easy or sure way to lose weight. " a lot of convenience foods are gluten - laden, " he says. in removing gluten, you ' re taking away a lot of easily accessible and caloric snack foods — bagels, pizza, cereal and the like, he says. murray agrees, saying that those who lose weight on a gluten - free diet are likely shedding pounds because they ' re simply eating less. however, if dieters are simply replacing the snack foods with their gluten - free counterparts, they ' re probably not seeing results. " gluten - free cookies are still full of sugar, " mullin says. croessmann says that often, friends think that gluten - free foods can be labeled as good for you because they are sold at stores like trader joe ' s and whole foods, which tend to be associated with healthful lifestyles. " most of the gluten - free products are actually denser and higher in calories, " she says. murray says it ' s also important to note that many of the foods you are removing from your diet, like cereals and breads, are fortified with vitamins that their gluten - free counterparts lack. gluten - free products also tend to be pricier. " it ' s a lot more expensive, " croessmann says. " if you want gluten - free bread, crackers or pretzels, sometimes it ' s three or four times the cost. " while gluten sensitivity is certainly a good reason to remove gluten from your diet, murray says it ' s a tricky diagnosis that ' s arrived at only by the process of elimination. symptoms of gluten sensitivity, like stomachaches, fatigue, bloating and diarrhea, are identical or similar to those of celiac disease, irritable bowel syndrome and lactose intolerance. though it ' s tempting to remove gluten — and, if you feel better, keep it out of your diet — murray says it could delay diagnosis of other conditions, like celiac disease, intestinal obstruction or crohn ' s disease. celiac disease, in particular, often goes undiagnosed. murray ' s study determined that of the 1. 8 million americans that have it, 1. 4 million are unaware. " if you think you have celiac, go on a gluten - free diet and then ask to be tested, your


the month of dhul hijjah is once again fast approaching and those fortunate enough to be performing the hajj ( annual pilgrimage to mecca ) will have long been making preparations for this blessed time this ground - work will have included the external often frustrating tasks of obtaining visas and making travel arrangements, and the more important - and certainly more difficult - internal spiritual preparations. but those of us who are unable to perform the hajj this year can still partake in this blessed month. for prophet muhammad ( may god ' s peace and blessings be with him ) encouraged us to work harder in the pursuit of good during this time, saying of the first 10 days of dhul hijjah, in particular : " there are no days in which righteous deeds are more beloved to god than these ten days. " this is the period, which precedes the festival of eid al adha ( the feast of the sacrifice ) commemorating the monumental sacrifice in which abraham ( may god ' s peace and blessings be with him ), patriarch of the semitic faiths, willingly obeyed his lord ' s command to sacrifice his beloved son. and as all will know, neither abraham nor his son were found wanting, and the human sacrificial offering was replaced with a ram. each year, in commemoration of this pinnacle of human submission to the will of god, muslims sacrifice an animal, the meat of which is distributed amongst the poor, friends and family. of course, the ritual is merely symbolic of an inner ascent that we are all asked to make. the holy qur ' an reminds us : ` it is not their meat nor their blood that reaches god : it is your piety that reaches him ' ( holy qur ' an 22 : 37 ) and as we offer our sacrifices this year, let us also reflect on what greater sacrifices we can make of our god - given resources - our money, energy and time, to name but a few - to assist those around us who may be in need. fasting is a sacred rite that assists spiritual growth and is observed in most of the world ' s religions. in addition to the fast of ramadan, muslims are also encouraged to fast during the first nine days of the month, and in particular on the ninth of the month which coincides with the day of ' arafah which marks the culmination of the hajj. fasting on this day, the prophet taught, is an expiation of sins for two years - those of the preceding year and of the year ahead.


day of ' arafah which marks the culmination of the hajj. fasting on this day, the prophet taught, is an expiation of sins for two years - those of the preceding year and of the year ahead. gratitude to god is due from any who have been able to grow ( in any measure ), during this period, for as the holy qur ' an advises : ` a … and that you should magnify god for having guided you so that you may be grateful to him '. ( holy qur ' an 2 : 185 ) this is traditionally observed in the form of chanting the takbeer ( magnifying god ), this being encouraged from sunset on the ninth of dhul hijjah until mid - afternoon on the thirteenth of the month. god ' s blessings are concentrated in certain places and periods of time. whilst those making the hajj have the opportunity to benefit from both, those of us remaining behind should certainly resolve to make the most of the moment for it is only through inner spiritual growth that contentment and true happiness is to be found. ` therefore turn to your lord in prayer and sacrifice ' ( holy qur ' an 108 : 2 ) may god ' s peace and blessings be with us all! dr sangeeta dhami


the art garden program meets criteria of the visual arts standards for california. designed to encourage aesthetic awareness, creative problem solving and skill development in a variety of mediums ( clay, painting, printing, weaving, etc. ) connections are made to science, geography, literature and cultural influences. this information summarizes only the courses taught by specialist teachers. classroom faculty at all levels also may incorporate these subject areas in their curriculum. music studio classes are a synthesis of the orff schulwerk, kodaly and dalcroze methods of music education. children are instructed in singing, playing of instruments, speech, note - reading, movement and rhythm using a whole - child, child - centered approach and drawing on literary, national and global materials. the library program stimulates a love of varied books while supplementing classroom learning in literature, language arts, and social sciences. it develops skills in language, listening, reading, research, analysis, genre studies and library resources and technology. activities range from poetry readings to book reports and thematic studies. the formal physical education classes provide instruction that encourages students to interact, produce, share, rebound from disappointment, accept success with humility, lead and follow, while attaining higher physical fitness, agility and endurance and an interest in recreation. the goal is to expose students to spanish language and cultures at a young and impressionable age, through consistent, formal instruction. we present vocabulary in the context of daily life or through the cultural variety among spanish - speaking nations. the program ' s focus is global and relies on songs, games, manipulative materials, puppets, food, role play, books and tapes. instruction in theater arts develops dramatic and musical skills while building cooperation and self - esteem in activities that range from theater exercises to skits and musicals like " oliver. " students work on projection, movement, acting technique, choreography, sets, costumes and props.


from our 2008 archives brain training for spinal cord injury latest neurology news bypassing the injury may put brain back in charge of paralyzed muscles, study shows reviewed by louise chang, md oct. 15, 2008 - - scientists at the university of washington in seattle report success in their first attempts to harness the brain to treat paralysis in people with spinal cord injuries. their technique isn ' t ready for patients yet, but researcher chet moritz, phd, says it may one day be used to help paralyzed people walk. " we haven ' t studied that directly, so it ' s all speculation on my part, but certainly it ' s possible in the next 10 - 20 years, " moritz said at a news conference. the basic idea is to bypass the spinal cord injury and create a direct route from the brain to the muscles. it ' s a concept that hinges on the brain ' s ability to adapt, with brain cells stepping up to handle tasks that they ' re not used to doing. here ' s a look at the findings, published in today ' s advance online edition of nature. moritz and colleagues tested their treatment on monkeys. first, the monkeys learned to play a simple video game which involved flexing and extending the wrist muscles. a little applesauce was all the reward the monkeys needed to master the game. then, the researchers temporarily paralyzed the monkeys ' wrist muscles with a nerve - blocking drug. the scientists also implanted electrodes in the monkeys ' brains to record the activity of certain brain cells. those electrodes were hooked up to wires running to a computer and then into the monkeys ' wrist muscles - - basically, a direct connection wiring brain cells to the wrist muscles, bypassing the temporary nerve blockage. with that gear in place and their wrist nerves blocked, the monkeys kept trying to play the video game, still motivated by applesauce. and they managed to do it. " we found that, remarkably, nearly every neuron that we tested in the brain could be used to control this type of stimulation. we also found that monkeys could learn very rapidly to control newly isolated neurons in order to stimulate their muscles, " even with brain cells that don ' t usually govern the movement of wrist muscles, moritz says. the study is " very exciting, " says edelle field - fote, who directs the neuromotor rehabilitation research laboratory at the university of miami miller school of medicine ' s miami project to cure paralysis. other studies have used a similar approach to control robotic devices, but not the muscles themselves, notes


- fote, who directs the neuromotor rehabilitation research laboratory at the university of miami miller school of medicine ' s miami project to cure paralysis. other studies have used a similar approach to control robotic devices, but not the muscles themselves, notes field - fote. still, she sees challenges ahead. one of those challenges is working the muscles just enough to get the task done - - for instance, picking up a can without crushing it. " just controlling the muscles isn ' t enough to give us fine control of muscles to be able to manipulate objects in space, " says field - fote. she says walking may actually be easier in that regard, because it relies on large muscles more than small muscles moving in several directions. another hurdle is that switching muscles on externally activates the biggest muscles first, and those muscles tire out faster than smaller muscles. that ' s one of the reasons why electrical stimulation of muscles hasn ' t been widely used in people with spinal cord injury, says field - fote. one way to overcome that might be to stimulate the spinal cord below the patient ' s spinal cord injury, says field - fote. that way, the spinal cord transmits the signal to the muscles, and because the muscles aren ' t being stimulated externally, they turn on in the right order, from smallest to largest. that ' s one of the tasks moritz and colleagues have already set for themselves. " that ' s good, " says field - fote. " it sounds like they ' re barking up the right tree. " other challenges include developing a system that can safely be implanted under the skin, improving electrodes ' ability to record brain cell activity for longer periods of time, and creating a system where enough brain cells are harnessed so that if one bows out, the patient can still move. and developing a wireless system could cut infection risk, notes university of washington professor eberhard fetz, phd, who worked on the study. moritz predicts that researchers will first target paralysis that only affects one area of the body - - say, teaching the brain to use the hand muscles to pick up a coffee cup or toothbrush. " if we want to speculate wildly about the future and we want to restore movement to all parts of the body in a quadriplegic patient, where both arms and legs are paralyzed, we ' re going to need a larger set of neurons that can restore all those movements, " moritz says. for now, the monkey experiment shows that the technique can work, but "


our dry mouth main article provides a comprehensive look at the who, what, when and how of dry mouth definition of dry mouth dry mouth : the condition of not having enough saliva to keep the mouth wet. this is due to inadequate function of the salivary glands. everyone has dry mouth once in a while when they are nervous, upset or under stress. but if someone has a dry mouth most all of the time, it can be uncomfortable and lead to serious health problems. dry mouth can cause difficulties in tasting, chewing, swallowing, and speaking. if it goes untreated, severe dry mouth can also lead to increased levels of tooth decay and infections of the mouth such as thrush. severe dry mouth is not a normal part of aging. it can be a clue to systemic diseases such as sjogren syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, and hypothyroidism. some medications can also cause dry mouth. dry mouth is medically termed xerostomia. from the greek " xeros " ( dry ) + " stoma " ( mouth ). last editorial review : 4 / 27 / 2011 5 : 27 : 15 pm back to medterms online medical dictionary a - z list need help identifying pills and medications? get the latest health and medical information delivered direct to your inbox free!


whole grains in the teen diet better health for your teen could be as close as your breadbox. the more whole grains teenagers eat, the leaner they are and the less likely they are to develop diabetes, a recent university of minnesota study found. with obesity and diabetes rising among children, that ' s a slice of good news. why are whole grains healthy? " they provide protein, complex carbohydrates, several vitamins and are good sources of iron and zinc ( important to sexual development ), ” says connie diekman, r. d., the 2007 - 2008 president of the american dietetic association. whole grains may also help prevent heart disease and some forms of cancer. what ’ s the difference between whole and refined grains? whole grains consist of the entire kernel, inside and out. in refined grains, the milling process removes the kernel ' s outer layer and the fiber. how many servings per day? most teens and adults need at least six servings of grains daily. if you can, make sure three of them are whole grains. to start adding whole grains to your teens ’ meals, try a few simple tips on recharging your meals : nutritionists offer some simple ways to add whole grains to your teen ' s diet : serve whole - wheat toast or multigrain muffins instead of pastries. try oatmeal, barley or other whole - grain cereals. lunch and snacks make sandwiches on whole - grain bread or a whole - grain bagel. mix whole - grain cereals together for a snack. bake or buy cookies made with oatmeal or whole - grain flour. serve brown or wild rice instead of white rice. use whole - grain bread in stuffing and meatloaf try whole - wheat pasta. sub whole - grain flour for refined white flour when you bake. add barley to soup. use corn — not flour — tortillas. for more nutritious recipes, visit the american heart association ’ s site : http : / / www. deliciousdecisions. org. search for " wheat " or " grain. ”


( menafn press ) plastic is a natural product derived from hydrocarbons and is as natural as petrol or diesel, argues the all india plastic manufacturers association ( aipma ), the co - organiser of plastivision arabia scheduled to be held at expo centre sharjah from may 14 “ 17, 2012. " it is the misuse and specifically the littering of plastic which is unwarranted and harmful to the environment, " said mr. jayesh rambhia, president of aipma. the aipma was making a case for putting an end to littering habits and working towards educating the public that plastics have a lower carbon footprint compared to other materials. for example, plastic bags generate 39 per cent less greenhouse gas emissions than uncomposted paper bags ; plastic bags consume less than 6 per cent of the water needed to make paper bags ; plastic grocery bags consume 71 % less energy during production than paper bags ; and using paper sacks generates almost five times more solid waste than plastic bags. " more than 90 per cent of plastic bags or any plastic which is disposed of properly is recycled and will not harm the environment. any plastic that does not recycle will find its ways to designated land - fills where it will eventually bio - degrade, only if disposed properly, " he added. some argue that plastic helps the environment is several ways. after all, plastic has been used to make cars lighter. as a result, less oil is used to mobilize the cars and less co2 is emitted. in addition, plastic containers provide safe ways for disposing of toxic waste products. " in our society and communities, people litter the landscape with plastics. this not only creates an eyesore with plastic floating at beaches or flying in the desert, but also poses a serious risk to the environment, " said mr saif mohammed al midfa, director - general of expo centre sharjah, the co - organiser of plastivision arabia. mr midfa cited a report in the ' community reports ' section of gulf news dated april 11, 2012, which had a photograph of a bird struggling to remove pieces of plastic entangled around its neck. " it is a heart - wrenching sight. had the plastic been disposed of properly, it wouldn ' t have caused this hardship to this poor creature, " mr midfa said. " the municipalities are doing their best in trying to curb this menace and the absence of awareness among the public is the main reason for such practices. the recent


it wouldn ' t have caused this hardship to this poor creature, " mr midfa said. " the municipalities are doing their best in trying to curb this menace and the absence of awareness among the public is the main reason for such practices. the recent announcement of sharjah municipality to intensify imposing littering fine will go a long way in reducing littering and promoting recycling of plastic, " mr midfa said. " there is no point in hating all plastic products, instead we should actually hate the abuse of plastics. we should hate the way how this incredibly versatile product is made the enemy of public health and environment, " mr midfa said. among the most crucial improvements in technology over the past few hundred years has been the creation of plastic. today, plastic is used in just about everything we use, and we pay it almost no notice at all. " plastic is quite indispensable and there is no complete alternative for it, " said eng. mohamed saleh badri, director general of the emirates authority for standardization & metrology ( esma ). " we use plastic in almost everything in our daily life, in our cars, at the workplace, in hospitals. however, it is important to manage disposable plastics like shopping bags, packaging, cups and cutlery, " he added. " we have introduced a law to use oxo bio - degradable plastic in shopping bags and garbage bags across the uae since the beginning of 2012. information on this, the proper usage of additives, and registration of additive suppliers will be available at our stand at the forthcoming plastivision arabia, " he said. esma will also create workshop on the specific requirements for registration of oxo biodegradable plastic bags as part of plastivision arabia. plastivision arabia is organised by expo centre sharjah and the all india plastic manufacturers association with the support of the sharjah chamber of commerce and industry.


ferdinand ( dave cowan ) and spirits in 2002 production of the tempest. the theatre emphasis offers beginning and intermediate level courses in theatre arts. classes are designed to equip students with a solid understanding of the theatrical process in an atmosphere valuing individual growth. students learn to work cooperatively as members of an ensemble, to appreciate the many arts of the theatre, and to focus their creative energies. while the training is geared toward students at all levels of experience and professional aspiration, theatre is approached as a serious art form demanding commitment and dedication. the busy schedule of productions and workshop presentations allows students ample opportunity to apply their training in public performances. the 105a narrative theatre ( 3 students in this course develop an original ensemble theatre production based on an established theme. the material may be drawn from personal stories, community - based interviews or historical research. the class focuses on the development of ensemble performance skills, techniques for creating original performance material and the role of theatre as community story telling. students learn to utilize theatre to reflect upon the political, social, and cultural dynamic of a particular community, to listen across cultural divides and / or to give voice to their personal stories. the 105b, c & d : play development i, ii & iii ( 1 participate in the development of an original play from page to stage. students may contribute as writers, directors, actors, and / or designers, learning to collaborate with an ensemble of theatre artists in the creation of new plays. to directing ( 3 units ) introduction to fundamental principles of directing. study and practice in the directorial process including research, script analysis, conceptualization, casting and rehearsal techniques. concurrent enrollment in a laboratory production course ( the 105b, 105c or 105d ) is required. recommended preparation : the 202, the 210b and the 210c ). the 119a, b & c : costume construction ( 2 - 3 units ) the 119d : introduction to costume design ( 3 units ) an introduction to the crafts of designing, building, & coordinating theatrical costumes. techniques of basic pattern drafting, cutting and fitting are applied through practical work on the theatre department ’ s current production. basic elements of costume design, including period style, color choices, and characterization, are discussed as they relate to the play under construction. recommended preparation : clo 105 the 121a, b, c & d : acting performance i, ii, iii & iv ( 3 units ) participation in college production as a performing member of the cast. variable credit will be determined by the hours involved in rehearsal and performance.


105 the 121a, b, c & d : acting performance i, ii, iii & iv ( 3 units ) participation in college production as a performing member of the cast. variable credit will be determined by the hours involved in rehearsal and performance. all actors will be required to audition for roles. the 125a, b, c & d : production - pcrew i, ii, iii & iv ( 1 - 2 units ) participation in a college production as a member of the production staff or crew. involvement in one or more of the following areas during the development of the play : scenery building and painting, stage lighting, make - up, costumes, publicity and house management. the 170 introduction to this course is designed for both beginning and experienced writers to explore the art of playwriting in a supportive, inquisitive environment. through readings, writing exercises, and continual revision of our works - in - progress, we will explore how plays evolve from fledgling ideas to stage - ready scripts. the 200 : introduction to theatre ( 3 units ) an introduction the principles and purposes of drama. western theatre is surveyed from its origins in ancient greece through the medieval, renaissance, modern and contemporary periods. non - western theatrical styles are also examined, as are emerging multi - cultural and cross - cultural theatrical directions. investigation of the creative contributions made by playwrights, actors, directors, designers, stage managers and technicians enhance the student ’ s appreciation of theatre. lectures, films, theatre attendance, assigned reading and practical " hands - on " projects acquaint students with some of the joys and challenges of creative work in the theatre. the 201 : introduction to film ( 3 units ) history and background of film and cinematic arts in an international framework. appreciation of the purposes and principles of film as art and the contributions made by actors, directors, and technicians in the film industry. the 202 introduction to dramatic literature ( 3 units ) reading and discussion of american plays. some european and non - western dramatic texts from various historical periods may also be included. students in this course learn to analyze scripts from the perspective of a theatre artist preparing for a production. the viewpoints of the actor, the director and the designer are considered. the course offers an introduction to dramatic literature and the theatrical process. the 210a improvisation ( 3 units ) this class functions as an improv ensemble, creating improvised theatre that is spontaneous, energetic and engaging. fundamental acting techniques such as commitment, spontaneity and concentration are addressed through exercises and performance. most importantly, the course strive


( 3 units ) this class functions as an improv ensemble, creating improvised theatre that is spontaneous, energetic and engaging. fundamental acting techniques such as commitment, spontaneity and concentration are addressed through exercises and performance. most importantly, the course strives to create an environment of creative risk taking in which each student ’ s full imagination may flourish. no previous theatre experience or preparation required. the 210b : beginning acting ( 3 units ) this class is an introduction to fundamental acting techniques. through exercises, scene work, and improvisation, students develop their ability to " live truthfully under imaginary circumstances. " topics covered include : relaxation, concentration, listening, ensemble techniques, objectives, inner monologue, and given circumstances. students write critiques of professional and college productions and read scripts and related texts. no prior experience in theatre is required. the 210c : intermediate acting ( 3 units ) students continue to develop the fundamental skills explored in the 210, working on a variety of structured improvisations, scenes, and monologues. the course culminates in a public performance of a group project. topics covered include : commitment, spontaneity, physicalization, and ensemble techniques. students continue to write written critiques of professional and college productions and read scripts and related texts. prerequisite : the 210b. the 210d acting styles ( 3 units ) exploration of the special demands of non - realistic and poetic drama. students rehearse and perform a variety of contemporary and classical scenes, including the works of shakespeare, moliere and the greek tragedians. special topics such as improvisation, vocal production, physicalization, commedia del arte, stage combat and audition techniques may also be included as they relate to the material being studied. prerequisite : the 210b. recommended preparation : eng 200 and the 210c. the 212 the actors voice ( 1 techniques for effective vocal production for the stage. utilizing the techniques of kristin linklater, students develop the basic skills of relaxation, breath, resonance and articulation. ongoing physical and vocal exercises are combined with practical applications through rehearsal and performance of dramatic material. stagecraft ( 3 units ) technical aspects of scenic production, including set construction, painting, rigging and shifting ; basic lighting ; properties construction, and stage management. participation in major productions. the 215b : lighting ( 3 basic concepts of stage lighting, including planning, rigging, and operation of lighting systems ; optics, equipment, electricity and color ; basic lighting design.


most of the world doesn ' t have the benefit of picking up food from the corner store — they grow it themselves. a family ' s plot of land has to provide for their nutritional and economic needs. when food shortages occur due to drought and conflict, mercy corps helps prevent hunger and treat malnutrition in the most vulnerable — children, pregnant women, the elderly and the displaced. distributing food is necessary in times of crisis, and we always try to procure food from local suppliers to save money, ensure faster delivery and support of the local economy. learn more about the success of this model in niger ( pdf ) in addition to emergency responses, we quickly focus on long - term solutions that strengthen harvests and livestock for the long - term. mercy corps works with families to ensure quality inputs, smart land use, good crop yields and a fair price at local markets. all stories about agriculture & food somalia : shoring up riverbanks - and confidence october 25, 2007 bandarjadid, somalia — driving off - road toward this riverside village, there are hints of its past glory : the rusted remains of a tractor, a long - abandoned granary. guatemala : promoting peaceful solutions july 18, 2007 decades of civil war, an inequitable colonial legacy and economic downturns have driven rural guatemalan families further into poverty. guatemala : defusing crisis july 18, 2007 olivia ' s calm smile says a lot about her life today. however, just a few months ago, the situation was a lot different. kyrgyzstan : the apple project video july 6, 2007 this nine - minute documentary shows every step of the apple project, mercy corps ' program to help farmers grow better varieties of apples and to increase their financial independence in one of central asia ' s poorest countries. north korea : seeing for the first time june 13, 2007 for many years, i was privileged to hear firsthand stories of the people of north korea from my husband, mercy corps co - founder ells culver. tajikistan : roots of change february 7, 2007 even at the venerable age of 54, sangimoh safarova doesn ' t shy away from hard physical labor. hoe in hand, this spry woman eagerly scrapes eastern tajikistan ' s rocky soil to dig up the last of her bumper potato crop. colombia : room to grow february 1, 2007 bogota, colombia — greenhouses are not a common sight in colombia ' s crowded capital. but on the southern edge of town, a rocky hillside hosts a half - dozen covered gardens


by yan zhang - princeton university the 2008 olympic games in beijing have focused attention on the problems of air quality in urban environments and will serve as an important platform for developing and testing new technologies and procedures for analysis and management of air quality problems. regional decisions concerning industrial development, agricultural practice and urban policy can play important roles in air quality problems linked to fine particulate matter. the olympic games will provide an important research venue for addressing these issues and unique opportunities for advancing novel environmental sensor systems and atmospheric models. in our work, we will deploy two environmental sensor systems at the institute of atmospheric physics, chinese academy of sciences near the olympic stadium in beijing from june to august 2008 for continuous monitoring of trace gases, before, during, and after the olympic games. data from these sensors will be incorporated into analyses using the weather research and forecasting model, a state - of - the - art meteorological model which is coupled with an atmospheric chemistry ( wrf - chem ) module. these analyses will be used to examine air quality problems in the beijing metropolitan region and regional climatology problems linked to trends of decreasing precipitation in the beijing metropolitan region associated with increased aerosol loadings. the environmental sensor systems deployed in beijing use quantum cascade lasers ( qcls ) as the core technology for measuring trace gases from " remote sensing " and " point " sensors. qcls are tiny, tunable mid - infrared ( mid - ir ) semiconductor laser sources that have extremely broad wavelength coverage ( 3 - 20 μm ), which includes the wavelength range where trace gases have their strongest absorption features. the lasers are designed to emit at aparticular wavelength ; thus, by knowing where a gas absorbs best, a laser can be designed for detection of that specific gas. as a result of new developments of qcls, laser absorption spectroscopy is becoming aviable alternative to other analytical methods for trace gas sensing. qclops ( quantum cascade laser open path system ) is an " open path " remote sensing system that uses two qcls for monitoring multiple trace gases. the principal target gases for qclops are ozone, ammonia, and carbon dioxide. elevated ozone levels in urban regions around the world present one of the greatest air quality and public health challenges associated with industrial and automobile emissions. ammonia plays an important and complex role in aerosol chemistry in urban environments and development of sensor systems for ammonia has proven especially challenging. carbon dioxide is broadly recognized as an important greenhouse gas and its measurement in urban environments is an important goal of qclops. the laser radiation is transmitted through the air and reflected


in urban environments and development of sensor systems for ammonia has proven especially challenging. carbon dioxide is broadly recognized as an important greenhouse gas and its measurement in urban environments is an important goal of qclops. the laser radiation is transmitted through the air and reflected back by a retro - reflector to a detector. the detector is connected to a data acquisition system and a computer. the computer runs a custom algorithm to calculate concentrations. no and no2 are important ozone precursors and their presence in urban environments is strongly connected to automobile emissions. detection of no and no2 is of great interest for air quality problems linked to elevated ozone concentrations. fast and sensitive detection of no can be realized by faraday rotation spectroscopy. the best no detection limit ( sub - ppbv ; parts per billion by volume ) can be obtained at approximately 5. 3 μm. an " externalcavity " ( ec ) qcl source that precisely coincides withth isoptimum absorption wavelength was developed and a faraday rotation spectrometer based on the ec - qcl was developed for detection of no. the measurement technique will allow for sensitive and selective measurements of no even in the presence of strongly interfering gases ( especially water vapor ). a fully automaticand autonomous ec - qcl faraday rotation spectroscopic sensorsystem will be deployed at the beijing test site for contiuous atnospheric no monitoring. the weather research and forecasting model, coupled with the wrf - chem atmospheric chemistry module ( wrf - chem ), provides a powerful platform for meteorological and air quality forecasting, as well as regional analyses of the impact of anthropogenic emissions on air quality and regional climate. wrf - chem has been used at princeton for analyses of aerosol impacts on regional precipitation climatology in the baltimore and new york city metropolitan region. with the collaboration of the nansen - zhu international center of the institute of atmospheric physics ( iap ), the chinese academy of sciences, wrf - chem will be implemented as a forecasting tool for the beijing olympics. an important element of the forecasting system will be integrating observations from sensor systems like qclops in to the forecasting process. the princeton group will also work closely with iap in studying and understanding how the urban aerosols influence local weather and public health through coupled modeling and monitoring analyses.


and the mining industry protecting those who work in our nation ' s mines requires an awareness and understanding of the conditions which endanger their health and safety. this problem was recognized as early as 1865 when a proposal for a federal mining bureau was submitted to congress. but it was not until 45 years later that a series of mine explosions led to passage of the organic act of 1910. that act created the bureau of mines. laws passed over the next six decades enlarged the scope of legislation aimed at reducing mining hazards. the national mine health and safety academy, at beckley, west virginia, evolved from those laws. dedicated in 1976, the present academy complex houses the largest educational institution in the world devoted solely to health and safety in mining. the academy serves as the central training facility for federal mine inspectors and mine safety professionals from other government agencies, the mining industry, and labor. academy staff provides classroom instruction and produces videotapes, slide presentations, publications, and other training materials. these classes and materials cover safety and inspection procedures, accident prevention, investigations, industrial hygiene, mine emergency procedures, mining technology, management, and many other subjects. all of these items are designed with one central theme in mind to promote and enhance the health and safety of those who work in our nation ' s mines. the courses listed are designed for journeyman mine inspectors and federal, state, mining industry, and labor organization personnel. this file may be downloaded, printed or printed a page at a time. whatever you want. some or all of the files available on this page are pdf. for more information on pdf, pdf readers and accessibility issues, please use this link.


if you watched the first video, you now have a good grasp on python. sweet. let ' s plow through some more involved concepts like python juggernauts! with a working knowledge of the python scripting language, and the maya python commands api, we can continue to learn new ways to solve more challenging problems, create complete scripts, and build user interfaces around our tools. we also introduce the maya python api ; a lower - level interface into maya. this video focuses more on breaking down full scripts, as opposed to typing out syntax. its jam packaged with information and moves fast to deliver you as much brain food as possible. the first segment of the video transitions from beginning to intermediate level, with the majority of the video being intermediate, and finishing out by touching on advanced concepts. the included project files are abundant, complete, and full of helpful documentation so that you can take your time and learn about each piece of the tools. classes and inheritance this video has a focus on learning how to design class structures with your code, and why the concept of inheritance is important as you begin to develop larger tools. we take a visual look at what a class is, and how it plays such a vital role as you start working with the api later. a fully functional concept for a basic asset importer tool. more examples of class and inheritance, and working with the filesystem in addition to the python commands module. we take our asset importer and learn how to wrap a user interface around it using the maya commands module. a feature that is new to the maya 2011 suite. since the entire interface has been rewritten using qt, autodesk has made the feature available for designing user interfaces in qt designer, and loading them directly into your maya script. we redo our asset importer to use a ui that was build in qt designer maya python api introduction this is where we cross the line into the advanced waters. the python api is lower level and powerful. we learn how to set up our environment for developing scripted plugins, how to access and read the documentation, and even do a comparison between the commands module, the python api and pymel! dependency graph plugin let ' s learn how we can create new nodes in maya, by building a very simple dependency graph plugin that can drive other objects. bonus : pyqt4 in maya - even better ui this bonus chapter shows you how pyqt4 ( python library for writing qt interfaces ), can be integrated into maya


judy jablon, amy dombro, and charlotte stetson responded to a selection of questions and comments during an online event september 26 – 30, 2011. read the questions and their responses below! welcome to a conversation about the interactions you have with children all day, every day. we wrote our book, powerful interactions : how to connect with children to extend their learning, for teachers like you because your interactions with children have the potential to make a big, positive impact on their lives, both today and in the future. we define powerful interactions this way : powerful interactions are exchanges between teachers and children that extend learning hand - in - hand with nurturing positive relationships. the combination of relationship building and instruction creates the optimal condition for children to learn. when teachers are intentional and purposeful about doing both, they create powerful interactions! our book is grounded in the reality of your everyday life as a teacher. it is also grounded in research on effective teaching and child development. in it, we offer a three - step process that will transform some of your everyday interactions into powerful interactions and specific, manageable strategies to help you incorporate all three steps into your practice. the three steps of powerful interactions are step one, be present – in this step, you pause to prepare for a powerful interaction. to do this, you tune in to how you ’ re feeling and consider how you might need to adjust to create a “ just right fit ” with the child. step two, connect – in the second step, you deepen your relationship with the child by letting him know that you see him, are interested in what he is doing, and want to spend time with him. you help the child feel safe, confident, and open to learning. staying connected and observant allows you to make the most appropriate decision about step three. step three, extend learning – in step three, you use your strong relationship with the child as the basis for stretching his knowledge, skills, thinking, and / or vocabulary and language. we hope you will enjoy this reflective guide that contains everything you need in order to understand what powerful interactions are, why they are so important, and how to achieve them. we look forward to reading your questions and participating in this online conversation about our new book. — judy jablon, amy dombro, and charlotte stetson


sciencedaily ( nov. 23, 2009 ) — a group of researchers at the city college of new york is developing a new way to generate power for planes and automobiles based on materials known as piezoelectrics, which convert the kinetic energy of motion into electricity. they presented their concept at the 62nd annual meeting of the american physical society ' s ( aps ) division of fluid dynamics. about a half - inch by one inch in size, these devices might be mounted on the roof or tail of a car or on an airplane fuselage where they would vibrate inside a flow, producing an output voltage. the power generated would not be enough to replace that supplied by the combustion engines, but it could run some system - - such as batteries that would be used to charge control panels and other small electronic devices such as mobile phones. led by ccny professor yiannis andreopoulos, the researchers are currently attempting to optimize these devices by modeling the physical forces to which they are subjected in different air flows - - on the roof of a car, for instance, or on the back of a truck. when the device is placed in the wake of a cylinder - - such as on the back of a truck - - the flow of air will cause the devices to vibrate in resonance, says andreopoulos. on the roof of car, they will shake in a much more unsteady flow known as a turbulent boundary layer. in minneapolis, andreopoulos and his colleagues will present wind tunnel data showing how the devices work in both situations. " these devices open the possibility to continuously scavenge otherwise wasted energy from the environment, " says andreopoulos. the presentation, " harvesting energy in the wake of a circular cylinder using piezoelectric materials " by dogus h. akaydin, niell elvin, and yiannis andreopoulos of the city college of new york was on november 22, 2009. source : american institute of physics ( 2009, november 23 ). generating electricity from air flow. sciencedaily. retrieved november 23, 2009, from date : november 23, 2009


i ' ts a matter of size quick intro movie about nanotechnology carbon nanotubes can be broken down biologically a team of swedish and american scientists has shown that carbon nanotubes can be broken down by an enzyme - myeloperoxidase ( mpo ) - found in white blood cells. - previous studies have shown that carbon nanotubes could be used for introducing drugs or other substances into human cells. the problem has been not knowing how to control the breakdown of the nanotubes, which can caused unwanted toxicity and tissue damage. our study now shows how they can be broken down biologically into harmless components, says bengt fadeel, associate professor at the swedish medical university karolinska institutet in a press release. research has shown that laboratory animals exposed to carbon nanotubes via inhalation or through injection into the abdominal cavity develop severe inflammation. this and the tissue changes ( fibrosis ) that exposure causes lead to impaired lung function and perhaps even to cancer. for example, a year or two ago, alarming reports by other scientists suggested that carbon nanotubes are very similar to asbestos fibres, which are themselves biopersistent and which can cause lung cancer ( mesothelioma ) in humans a considerable time after exposure. this current study shows that endogenous mpo can break down carbon nanotubes. this enzyme is expressed in certain types of white blood cell ( neutrophils ), which use it to neutralise harmful bacteria. now, however, the researchers have found that the enzyme also works on carbon nanotubes, breaking them down into water and carbon dioxide. the researchers also showed that carbon nanotubes that have been broken down by mpo no longer give rise to inflammation in mice. - this means that there might be a way to render carbon nanotubes harmless, for example in the event of an accident at a production plant. but the findings are also relevant to the future use of carbon nanotubes for medical purposes, says fadeel. the study was led by researchers at karolinska institutet, the university of pittsburgh and the national institute for occupational safety and health ( niosh ). the findings were presented in nature nanotechnology. read the full press release > >