minutes daily to help maintain your weight. it is important to reduce abdominal obesity where waist circumference for men should be below 40 inches and, for women, below 35 inches. it is also important to maintain your body mass index ( bmi ) below 25. next, ms. everett discussed in greater detail some of the important foods and nutrients that are important to lessen the risk of heart disease : omega - 3 fatty acids, soy protein, and fiber. a number of studies have shown that omega - 3 fatty acids, particularly epa and dha, can contribute to heart health. omega - 3 ’ s consist of alpha linolenic acid ( ala ), docosahexaenoic acid ( dpa ), and eicosapentaenoic acid ( epa ). food sources of omega - 3 ’ s include the following : there are many ways to boost your omega - 3 intake, including : fish oil supplements : if you have heart disease, the american heart association recommends one gram of omega - 3 fatty acids from dha and eps per day. talk to your doctor before taking fish oil supplements to determine if they are right for you. soy protein is a low - fat protein alternative for meat and cheese. some studies indicate that soy protein may also help reduce cholesterol. further research is needed. fiber has been shown to help with weight control and blood sugar levels. aim to eat at least 25 grams of soluble and insoluble fiber daily. ways to boost your fiber intake : here is an example of the difference between a low fiber and a high fiber breakfast : ms. everett next discusses some key techniques that can help one in making positive lifestyle changes. in order to help you to begin to maintain your own healthy diet at home, ms. everett next provided some useful recipe substitutes to try and incorporate into your diet : tips : instead of two slices of pepperoni pizza and an eight oz. coca - cola, which equals 14 grams of fat, 780 calories, 753 mg of sodium, and 75 mg of cholesterol, choose a roasted turkey sandwich on wheat bread with two teaspoons of light mayo, lettuce & tomato, along with a low calorie iced tea and one apple, equaling three grams of fat, 580 calories, 440 mg of sodium, and 28 mg of cholesterol. next, ms. everett reviewed some important facts about kidney disease and some essential dietary recommendations for people with lupus. lupus nephritis is a form of kidney


calories, 440 mg of sodium, and 28 mg of cholesterol. next, ms. everett reviewed some important facts about kidney disease and some essential dietary recommendations for people with lupus. lupus nephritis is a form of kidney disease that affects people with lupus. lupus nephritis is inflammation of the kidneys in which tiny filters in the kidneys are damaged, resulting in a loss of kidney function. retention of fluids causes weight gain and swelling and puffiness in the legs, ankles, and / or fingers. lupus nephritis may be treated with corticosteroids or immunosuppressive agents. the dietary recommendations are very similar to those suggested for heart disease. ms. everett highlighted that patients should follow a heart healthy diet by keeping salt intake low and, depending on your blood work, cutting back on protein foods and avoid high potassium foods. this is very important to check with your doctor. your doctor may advise you to limit the amount of protein in your diet. since you would need to eat a smaller amount of protein, choose heart - healthy protein foods like fish, chicken breast, lean red meats, egg whites, low fat soy products, and low fat dairy products as your main protein sources. limit servings of milk, yogurt, cheese, dried beans and peas, nuts and seeds, peanut butter, and some soy products, which are high in both protein and phosphorus. phosphorus is a mineral that builds up in the blood as kidney failure progresses. if your doctor tells you to limit high potassium foods, these foods include avocados, bananas, cantaloupe, dried fruits, honeydew, kiwi, mangos, artichoke, dried beans & peas, pumpkin, potatoes, french fries, spinach ( cooked ), oranges & orange juice, papaya, prune juice, milk, yogurt, ice cream, chocolate, molasses, salt substitute, seeds and nuts, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, tomato sauce, vegetable juice, and winter squash. try to eat lower potassium foods such as apples, berries, grapes, lemons, peaches, canned pears, pineapple, plums, watermelon, vegetables carrots, cabbage, cauliflower, cucumber, eggplant, green beans, lettuce, onion, summer squash, sweet peppers, dairy substitutes ( nondairy creamers, rice milk [ unenriched ] ), sorbet or popsicles,


, cucumber, eggplant, green beans, lettuce, onion, summer squash, sweet peppers, dairy substitutes ( nondairy creamers, rice milk [ unenriched ] ), sorbet or popsicles, nondairy whipped topping, popcorn ( unsalted ), pretzels ( unsalted ) and red licorice. remember to watch your portions of these foods. the bigger the portion, the more potassium that is consumed. some other risk factors that can affect people with lupus are diabetes and osteoporosis. to lessen your risk for diabetes, be sure to limit sugary foods and watch your portions of carbohydrates, i. e., fruits, starches, milk / yogurt, desserts, and breads / grains. it is important to keep your heart healthy and to stay active. to lessen your risk for osteoporosis, be sure to stay active, maintain a healthy weight, stop smoking if you currently are, and get enough calcium and vitamin d. ms. everett summarized her presentation by sharing some key points that people with lupus should follow in order to maintain and also lessen their risk for developing future disease. ms. everett concluded by speaking briefly about the nutrition services at hospital for special surgery. she highlighted that meeting with a nutritionist can be effective if you are interested in a one - on - one consultation about your diet. for more information on a nutrition consultation at hss, please call 212 - 774 - 7638 or 212 - 606 - 1293. the division of rheumatology at hss has also launched a cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) prevention counseling program for hss patients with systemic lupus erythematosus ( sle ) and / or positive antiphospholipid antibodies ( apl ). this free - of - charge program, which is partially supported by the new york community trust and partially by hss, will provide a basic assessment and education of the cvd risk factors in patients who participate in counseling. learn more about the hss sle workshop, a free support and education group held monthly for people with lupus and their families and friends. see separate summary for part 1 : nutrition and lupus part 1 : ways to maintain a healthy diet. summary written by christie carlstrom, sle workshop coordinator and social work intern at hss.


the mars rover curiosity has photographed a partial eclipse on mars. the $ 2bn craft landed on the red planet in july and is currently engaged on its two - year mission to search for signs of life on earth ' s nearest neighbour. it is currently driving about 100 feet per day, from its landing site to a location galled glenelg where it will begin its first serious experiments. but in the meantime the rover has also found time to take previously unseen photographs of mars and the skies above it. one of its recent photos captured the moment mars ' small, asteroid - sized moon phobos passed in front of the sun. the transit of phobos saw it obscure about 5 % of the sun on 13 september. observing it allows nasa ' s scientists to learn about mars ' internal structure, because the moon ' s orbit causes small changes to the shape of the planet which can be observed through changes in the moon ' s orbit, and observed. nasa explained on its website : " mars has two small, asteroid - sized moons named phobos and deimos. from the point of view of the rover, located near the equator of mars, these moons occasionally pass in front of, or " transit, " the disk of the sun. these transit events are the martian equivalent of partial solar eclipses on earth because the outline of the moons does not completely cover the sun ( in contrast, earth ' s moon does block the entire sun during a total solar eclipse ). " meanwhile the curiosity rover is about to begin investigating a strange, football - sized rock which nasa said will help configure its instruments.


there was a time when corpulence was a sign of wealth and luxury. but in modern - day western countries, quite the opposite is true. in fact, a recent study found that fully one third of homeless people living in boston are obese. " this study suggests that obesity may be the new malnutrition of the homeless in the united states, " wrote the researchers, led by harvard medical school student katherine koh, whose study is forthcoming in the journal of urban health. and it ' s not just the u. s. that is reporting these kinds of findings. a new zealand study of preschoolers found that 82 percent did not get enough dietary fiber and 68 percent did not have enough long - chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are found in fish and nuts. despite these nutritional deficiencies, the researchers also found that fully one - third of preschoolers are overweight or obese. these findings highlight an interesting contradiction - - obesity correlates with malnourishment. research indicates that lack of proper nutrition - - even when people over - consume calories - - is at the root of obesity. part of the reason this seems contradictory is because nutrition science has long held that all calories are created equal and that with the right amount of caloric intake, it would be difficult to also be malnourished. coincidentally, this is also what the food industry would have us believe. in a recent interview in usatoday, katie bayne, president and general manager at coca - cola, said in response to mayor michael bloomberg ' s proposed ban on large size sugary drinks : " a calorie is a calorie. what our drinks offer is hydration. that ' s essential to the human body. we offer great taste and benefits whether it ' s an uplift or carbohydrates or energy. we don ' t believe in empty calories. we believe in hydration. " i asked senior research scientist at mit and author of several papers on the subject, stephanie seneff, for a response to bayne ' s comments. " i hate this calorie is a calorie message, " seneff said in a telephone interview. " it ' s completely wrong. when you eat a high carbohydrate diet, especially a processed foods diet, you ' re getting way too much fuel compared to all those other things you need. and this imbalance is what leads to the obesity profile. " for comparison ' s sake,


high carbohydrate diet, especially a processed foods diet, you ' re getting way too much fuel compared to all those other things you need. and this imbalance is what leads to the obesity profile. " for comparison ' s sake, eight ounces of milk provides about 150 calories, along with calcium, magnesium, vitamins a and d, protein, fatty acids, and many other nutrients ( largely dependent on what the cows ate and the quality of the milk with organic and grass - fed being the most nutritious ). an eight - ounce can of coke with 100 calories provides virtually no nutrients ( the label reads : not a significant source of fat calories, saturated fat, trans fat, cholesterol, fiber, vitamin a, vitamin c, calcium and iron ), but it does contain 27 grams of sugar in the form of high fructose corn syrup ( hfcs ). seneff said that she blames the soda industry in particular because this is where children are consuming large amounts of sugar. " if we did just one simple thing and had school children switch from drinking coke to drinking whole milk this would have a huge difference, " she said. unfortunately, this will never be simple in part because the american beverage association lobbies hard to prevent any type of regulation for soda or for marketing it to children. in addition, the usda ' s myplate recommends low - fat and fat - free milks, which is what ' s served in school cafeterias across the country. seneff emphasized the importance of whole milk versus low - fat and fat - free milk because she believes the emphasis on low - fat foods in the american diet is largely responsible for our obesity epidemic, among other illnesses. " children in particular need the fat desperately to develop their brains, " she said. " and this is why we have adhd and autism. i think these problems are very much a consequence of our obsession with a low - fat diet. " but it ' s not just brains that suffer as a result of our low - fat diet, seneff says, and she is not the first to attribute our low - fat diet to our increasing obesity rates. the science writer gary taubes has been saying so for more than a decade. the stigma against fats, particularly saturated fats, appears to be waning ( i wrote about this last year here ). seneff believes the major factors contributing to obesity are a deficiency in consuming fats, particularly animal fats and all of


stigma against fats, particularly saturated fats, appears to be waning ( i wrote about this last year here ). seneff believes the major factors contributing to obesity are a deficiency in consuming fats, particularly animal fats and all of the nutrients that come with those fats ; our overly - processed food diet ( and specifically our consumption of hfcs ) ; and our lack of exposure to sunlight. what ' s more, according to her research, all three of these components amount to the perfect storm of metabolic dysfunction. carbohydrates and sugars in our diets compound the problem of our cell ' s inability to digest and regulate the amount of sugar in our blood. " the key problem is the highly processed foods americans eat, which have enormous amounts of carbohydrates, and carbohydrates that are already partially digested so that they move into the blood very quickly as sugar, " seneff said. seneff is working on a new theory that isolates one nutrient deficiency in particular that manifests as a result of the standard american diet. " in my studies, sulfate deficiency is everywhere, " she said. she believes this is at the root of many modern diseases as well as obesity. where is sulfur found? in foods that are also high in cholesterol, like animal proteins and fish. certain vegetables, like broccoli, cauliflower, garlic, and onions, are also high in sulfate but as seneff points out, these are often deficient in sulfate and other nutrients as a result of poor soil management and degradation of soil quality. finally, seneff is concerned with our lack of exposure to sunlight, which coincidentally also produces cholesterol sulfate in our bodies. " it ' s specifically a deficiency in sunlight exposure to the skin, which is much more than just taking a vitamin d supplement, " she said. " cholesterol sulfate and vitamin d sulfate are both synthesized in the skin in exposure to sunlight, which is a wonderful way to deliver sulfate and cholesterol to all the tissues. really, most americans suffer from a cholesterol deficiency problem rather than a cholesterol excess problem but it ' s demonized everywhere and it ' s the exact wrong message. " another widely disseminated message from the food industry - - it ' s all about personal responsibility - - appears rather faulty when we look at the findings from the study of obese preschoolers. taylor, the lead researcher in the study, said that regulation had to


##sseminated message from the food industry - - it ' s all about personal responsibility - - appears rather faulty when we look at the findings from the study of obese preschoolers. taylor, the lead researcher in the study, said that regulation had to be part of the answer. " there hasn ' t been a massive decrease in the willpower of 2 - year - olds, " she said in a recent article. instead, as the studies have found, it is about the poor quality of highly processed foods. the study of the homeless in boston confirms the fact that one can be food insecure while consuming an abundance of calories that lead to obesity. in fact, the term food insecure was coined to indicate that many people now experience access to plenty of calories but a dearth in real nutrition. if these two studies and seneff ' s new research are any indication, it may not be long before the food industry will be proven wrong : all calories are not created equal, nor is it all about personal responsibility. until then, pressuring big food to properly regulate and label foods might be the only way to curb our nation ' s addiction to cheap, nutritionally void products. but time is of the essence - - by current estimates one in three americans will be diabetic by 2050 if things don ' t drastically change. a version of this post appeared on civil eats follow kristin wartman on twitter : www. twitter. com / kristinwartman


ive spent many years troubleshooting equipment, along with investigative research. in research - statistical design, data analysis is frequently used when test information is available. this article shows how very basic data analysis can be quite useful in troubleshooting. most specialists are knowledgeable about plotting histograms and the value obtainable from such graphs as represented by the distribution of collected data. remember : when looking for an answer, a good place to start is to follow the data. in this case history, we will review a production line that machines a precision groove in a casting bore for automotive use. hundreds of thousands of casting bores are machined annually, and the groove out of roundness must be maintained within ± 0. 003 in. on the diameter since a seal fits within the groove. fig. 1 shows one of the many clamping fixtures on the production line, which holds the casting for machining. to analyze clamping forces for this application, a load cell was designed to replace the part in the assembly and measure the clamping force. the load cell was moved from fixture to fixture. periodically, a casting would be machined out of round. it was believed that the fixtures might be clamping too tightly or too loosely, thus causing the rejects. fig. 1. clamping fixture assembly. the fixture is designed so that, when torque is applied via a hydraulic motor, as shown in fig. 1, the part is clamped into place by screw action. a force, f, clamps the part securely in place. with too much clamping force, the part can distort and squeezed into an oval shape. when the grooving tool makes the groove, it is a true circle. when the part is squeezed too much, it becomes distorted when unclamped. result : the part is rejected. a known torque of 300 in. - lb was applied to each fixture, and the force measured on 215 fixtures. fig. 2 shows the distribution of the measured parts quality from this study. a statistical analysis of the data determines the interaction of the many variables ; however, one observation is obvious from fig. 2the clamping force varies too much from fixture to fixture. since the force is directly related to the out of round of the groove, this condition directly contributed to the reject rate. the machining operation is designed for a 2, 000 - lb to 3, 000 - lb clamping force. fig. 2. clamping force distribution results on root


round of the groove, this condition directly contributed to the reject rate. the machining operation is designed for a 2, 000 - lb to 3, 000 - lb clamping force. fig. 2. clamping force distribution results on root cause and solution other causes contributed to the rejection rate and poor quality of the parts. but the worn - out fixtures and poor calibration of the torque motors were the leading factors of poor quality and low production. making those needed repairs reduced the reject rate by 70 %. obviously, these manufacturing operations are not directly applicable to the hydrocarbon processing industry. however, specialists should understand that even basic plotting of data can provide valuable troubleshooting information. in this case, spread of the data represents a deviation from the norm. the troubleshooting process should then question what has caused such a spread. in case 72 : statistical visual data can be useful in troubleshootingpart 2, the example investigates how a simple analytical model could have been applied before any data is collected. this example illustrates the effect of friction and torque on the clamping force. hp dr. tony sofronas, p. e., was worldwide lead mechanical engineer for exxonmobil chemicals before retiring. he now owns engineered products, which provides consulting and engineering seminars on machinery and pressure vessels. dr. sofronas has authored two engineering books and numerous technical articles on analytical methods. early in his career, he worked for general electric and bendix, and has extensive knowledge of design and failure analysis for various types of equipment.


at feeding time in the california academy of sciences ’ vine snake exhibit, one blink and you might miss the action. these pencil - thin snakes hunt fish swimming in the water below, striking with lightning speed. we recently captured a feeding on film and i thought you might be interested in sharing it with your blog readers. a piscivorous arboreal ( fish - eating and tree - dwelling ) snake is extremely rare, and the academy was the first aquarium in the world to display this species, thanks to our ongoing research on the reptiles and amphibians of myanmar. a contingent of academy researchers just returned from myanmar in november, and are gearing up to go again in april 2010 – this time to the tanintharyi division. here is some more background on that research and how we came to have this unique display : myanmar and its southeast asian neighbors have been designated as one of the world ’ s 34 biodiversity hot spots. as such, the country exerts an irresistible pull on academy scientists. over the course of 13 years and 24 expeditions to myanmar ( the most recent of which just returned in november 2009 ), researchers at the california academy of sciences in san francisco have discovered and described 23 new species of reptiles and amphibians, with an additional 50 awaiting formal description. along with data that aid conservation efforts, sometimes scientists come back with other surprises. during a 2000 expedition, the team collected a group of burmese vine snakes ( ahaetulla fronticincta ) — pencil - thin tree - dwelling snakes that mimic vines — and brought them back to the academy ’ s steinhart aquarium with the goal of displaying them for the public. so little was known about these snakes that when they first arrived, aquarium biologists were unsure what or how to feed them. as an experiment, they introduced guppies into the snakes ’ holding tank. the snakes immediately took notice, slithering into position with gazes fixed on the water. when an unsuspecting guppy swam to within striking distance — bam! one of the snakes flung its head into the water and grabbed the prey in a single, blink - and - you ’ ll - miss - it motion. the biologists had figured out how to feed them. to date, the academy is the only aquarium in the world to have this species on display. visitors to the academy can find the snakes in the water planet exhibit. the academy research team plans to return to the tanintharyi division of myanmar in april 2010. as they continue to find and document species in this southeast


icme conferences are the largest international meetings in mathematics education with sessions related to the entire set of activities in the field. the congress attracted over 2000 mathematics educators from the international community. plenary sessions, major lectures, topic study groups, discussion groups, country showcases, and special sessions were organized to capture the breadth and depth of mathematics education across the world. the national science foundation funded 53 awardees to take part in the congress. the awardees were selected from a pool of over 600 mathematicians, university mathematics educators, and educators from k - 12 schools by a steering committee consisting of representatives from the national council of teachers of mathematics, american mathematical association of two year colleges, mathematical association of america, american mathematical society, united states national commission on mathematics instruction, and two members at large. each steering committee member chaired a particular theme group related to issues currently significant in the united states landscape of mathematics education. the awardees selected a particular theme group and as a group designed their participation at the congress partly around events and / or sessions related to their theme. the groups met several times during the congress to discuss what they were learning and implications for education in the united states. the themes were • professional development • relation between research and practice • reasoning, proof, and proving • shaping mathematics education through testing • information and communication technology • applications and the mathematics curriculum • representation and its role in mathematics • preservice education. awardees were charged with writing a description of their experience at the congress to reflect their perception of the congress as a whole and / or as it related to the particular theme the awardee was following throughout the congress. these papers are grouped according to the themes with a summary paper for that theme. photos from a icme - 10. new sponsors of mathematical internet project " icme - 10 " : danmarksautomaten. important and useful paid commercial information by local and foreign companies : dating dk københavn dating copenhagen dating... general partners of our web - project : mathematics speaks foundation, first mathematical radio, wcsy.


inlays and onlays are indirect dental restorations that reinforce an existing tooth that is too damaged to support a filling, but not damaged enough to require a crown. an inlay is placed on the chewing surface between the cusps of the tooth. it is an intracoronal preparation. whereas an onlay is an indirect restoration which is partly intracoronal and partly extra coronal that covers all cusps of posterior teeth. the main advantage of inlays and onlays is that the tooth structure is saved and it is more economical as compared to the crowns. the dental office time and the numbers of visits required to dentist office are also less. the composite inlays take less time and are more economical than the ceramic inlays and onlays but the ceramic inlays and onlays are more durable as they are stronger than the composite inlays. both the inlays and onlays are esthetic restorations which can replace the metallic restorations. various materials can be used for preparing inlays and onlays. these can be a gold inlay is indicated when there is extensive caries affecting the tooth that a satisfactory restoration cannot be fabricated using silver amalgam. specific indications are : 1. when the cavity width does not exceed 1 / 3rd the intercuspal distance. 2. in case of extensive proximal caries involving the buccal and lingual line angles of the tooth. 3. in situations where the proximal margins are extending subgingivally. this is because well polished gold alloys are compatible with the periodontium. 4. whenever there is need to establish ideal contact, contours and embrasures. the mesiodistal dimension of cast gold inlays can be extended to establish good contact. 5. in a grossly carious tooth where one or more but not all cusps need coverage. 6. in patients with good oral hygiene and low caries incidence. 7. when there are other gold castings present in the mouth. contraindications for gold inlays 1. gold inlays are used as an abutment for a fixed or a removable prosthesis. in these situations the gold inlays are not strong enough retainer. 2. they are contraindicated in post endodontic restorations as they can wedge and fracture the remaining tooth structure. 3. in young permanent tooth gold inlays are avoided as there are increased chances of iatrogenic


enough retainer. 2. they are contraindicated in post endodontic restorations as they can wedge and fracture the remaining tooth structure. 3. in young permanent tooth gold inlays are avoided as there are increased chances of iatrogenic pulp exposure. 4. in patients with high plaque and caries incidence. gold inlays should be avoided as there may be a greater tendency for recurrent caries. 5. when the adjacent or opposing teeth have dissimilar metallic restorations cast gold inlays should be avoided in order to prevent galvanism. 6. when cost is major factor for the patient, gold inlays are not indicated. 7. gold inlays are not preferred in case of grossly destroyed teeth with weak cusps. tooth coloured inlays and onlays tooth colored inlays and onlays have certain advantage over direct resin composite and bonded ceramic restorations. these advantages are : can be fabricated intraorally or on a cast. highly successful in larger restorations. have many materials and techniques. various tooth colored materials are given as under composite resin inlays and onlays compared with direct composite resin restoration contours and contacts can be developed outside of the mouth. if contact is inadequate, it can be easily corrected prior to cementation. polymerization shrinkage should be less because they are polymerized before cementation. less micro leakage. greater strength and hardness. less post - operative sensitivity. compared with ceramic less abrasive to opposing tooth structure. advantages of composite inlays : better control of the contact areas. excellent marginal adaptation. reduced or no laboratory fee if done in office. ready reparability of material intraorally. compensation for complete polymerization shrinkage by curing the material outside the mouth. increased composite resin strength because of the heat curing process. disadvantage of composite inlays 1. wear faster. 2. less stable. 3. higher cost time. 4. difficult to modify extrinsic color chair side. 5. more tooth reduction to create path of insertion. indication of composite inlay replacement of large amalgam restorations. replacement of direct resin composite restorations in premolar and molar. contraindication of composite inlay heavy occlusal forces. inability to maintain dry operative field. deep subgingival preparations. porcelain inlay and onlay 1. highly esthetic. 2. acceptable marginal fit. 3. conservation of tooth structure. 4. less occlusal


##lusal forces. inability to maintain dry operative field. deep subgingival preparations. porcelain inlay and onlay 1. highly esthetic. 2. acceptable marginal fit. 3. conservation of tooth structure. 4. less occlusal wear. 5. highly technique sensitive. 6. low thermal conductivity. 7. low coefficient of thermal expansion. 1. high cost. 2. need for special and laboratory equipment. 3. fabrication and cementation processes are highly technique sensitive. 4. ceramic inlays are brittle and can fracture during try in or cementation. 5. the increased hardness of ceramics can wear the opposing teeth. 1. high esthetic demands. 2. replace moderate to large existing restoration. 3. fractured tooth / restoration. 4. moderate to large primary caries. 5. patients with good oral hygiene. 6. when there is no excessive attrition. 7. where access and isolation are easy. 8. when there is no excessive undercuts in the preparation. 1. unable to isolate the field. 2. parafunctional habits like clenching, bruxism, excessive wear. 3. patients with poor oral hygiene. 4. in case with minimal tooth loss. 5. when there is inadequate enamel left for bonding. 6. when there are marked undercuts in the cavity preparation. cost of porcelain inlays and onlays the cost of porcelain inlays and onlays varies from dentist to dentist depending upon place, qualification, training and experience and the expense of the dental laboratory where is it prepared from impressions taken by dentist. however, inlays and onlays cost between $ 600 and $ 1, 200, with an average cost of $ 900.


how to eliminate the tendency to set mental limits the sky is the limit. you can accomplish anything you set your mind to. what thoughts run through your head as you read statements like these? many people tend to think that statements like these are foolish thinking. but isn ' t that the beginning of setting mental limits on what we can accomplish? we tend to think that great accomplishments are things that happen to other people. this is not so. people who think in these terms are limiting their ability to achieve. here are some suggestions on how to eliminate the tendency to set mental limits. actions start with thoughts. other than automatic responses, like breathing, all actions start with out thoughts. so what do we think about all day? it can be very interesting and self - revealing to actually listen to your own thoughts throughout the day. walk around and listen to what you say about people, about life, about the circumstances and situations you find yourself in. do you think positively? do you see yourself as being capable and able to meet challenges and overcome them? do you criticize yourself all day? do you worry about what people are thinking of you? it can be very self - revealing to understand what we think about ourselves. if we find that we don ' t like what we think of ourselves and the way we face the world, then we need to change our thinking. to eliminate the tendency to set mental limits, we need to change the way we see ourselves. we need to believe that we can accomplish anything we set our minds to. we need to believe that the sky really is the limit. we owe it to ourselves to really explore our own skills and strengths and give ourselves the ability to shine. whatever it is that we want to accomplish, we need to set our minds to it and change our thoughts to reflect our belief that we can do it. we need to stop asking how to eliminate the tendency to set mental limits and change our tendency by changing our thoughts first. once we have altered our thoughts, changing our actions comes next. it is often said that nothing worth achieving ever came easy, and it is probably true. we have to be willing to work hard to accomplish what we want. if a person really wants to change their tendency to set mental limits, they need to bring their actions around to focus on that goal. for example, once a person starts to pay attention to their thinking, maybe they find that they are constantly criticizing or demeaning themselves all day long. maybe they are constantly telling themselves that they are stupid, or ugly


to focus on that goal. for example, once a person starts to pay attention to their thinking, maybe they find that they are constantly criticizing or demeaning themselves all day long. maybe they are constantly telling themselves that they are stupid, or ugly, or that they can ' t do anything right. being determined to change that pattern of thinking is the first step. the second step is where actions come in. the person needs to take action against negative thought processes. they can decide that every time these negative thoughts come into their minds they will do something. here are a few suggestions about what action a person can take to change thoughts : 1. sing a song to change thought patterns away from self - negativity 2. list 5 accomplishments 3. name 3 talents 4. count 10 reasons why you are worthwhile this is a simple example of the way a person can decide to take action to make changes. these actions really would help a person change their pattern of negative thinking. taking action against unproductive and detrimental thought processes can really help a person eliminate the tendency to set mental limits on their abilities. it really is true that people can accomplish whatever they set their minds to. unfortunately, many people tend to set their sights low. eliminating the tendency to set mental limits can help people accomplish much more. people need to listen to their thoughts and change them to reflect their ability to really reach their goals. after listening to and changing thoughts, people need to change their actions. these two things focused on the same goal can help people understand how to eliminate the tendency to set mental limits.


bayer is trying to protect its manufacturing process for a chewable drug delivery dosage form with a us patent application. the us patent filing covers the manufacturing process for a soft chewable product for delivering an api ( active pharmaceutical ingredient ). manufacturing of the dosage form is done without extrusion. “ processes for manufacturing the edible soft chews do not require the use of heat or the addition of water during mixing of active and inactive ingredients, provide stable concentrations of the active ingredient, and produce chews of consistent weight and texture ”, bayer wrote in a us patent filing. manufacturing the dosage form without using extrusion allows bayer to avoid heat generated when using this process. heat can cause deterioration of the drug ’ s stability and lead to api degradation. as such bayer wrote : “ preferably, the method would be performed without application of any heat above room temperature to the mixture or formed product. it is also desirable that the chews be susceptible to manufacture without use of costly, pharmaceutical grade water as an ingredient. ” the bayer process cuts out the use of water by adding the ingredients to a mixing vessel capable of blending the material and casting it against the side of the container. taking this approach cuts the risk of microbial growth – and costs – from the use of pharmaceutical grade water in production. an oil suspension and liquid ingredients, such as softening agents, are added to the dry materials. after blending the mixture is passed, without compression, into a moulding machine. bayer thinks the machine could output more than 50, 000 units per hour. pressing the dosage into this chewable form could increase compliance among people and animals. for humans bayer envisages using sweet flavourings, such as sugars or molasses, to make it more pleasant to take the medicine.


communication and culture | business and professional communication c223 | 1136 - 1144 | staff c223 is a course designed to familiarize students with the dynamic and complex relationship between organizations and their surrounding communities and cultures. organizations have been credited with any number of negative developments in society ( e. g. exxon destroying the environment ), as well as a considerable positive advances ( e. g. green peace saving the environment ). emphasizing the student ' s role as a thoughtful producer and consumer of communication, this class will focus on how individuals, organizations, and cultures can be influenced to enhance community life. students in c223 will examine communication behaviors commonly occurring in organizational settings, as well as developing the skills needed for effective communication in diverse organizational contexts. students will study theories of leadership, ethics, culture, learning, persuasion, group dynamics, and civic engagement. cultivating the skills necessary to communicate effectively with diverse audiences will increase students ' awareness of the underlying communication processes ( both verbal and nonverbal ) necessary for organizational success. c223 students will participate in a variety of communication activities, including an informational interview ( playing the role of interviewer ), a group or team presentation that focuses on an organizational or community problem and its solution, and two or more public presentations that involve some form of persuasion or advocacy ( e. g., a speech that advocates the boycotting of some product, company, or policy. ) in addition to oral assignments, students will be asked to develop a set of interviewing questions, to collaboratively develop a team / group agenda, to write a speaking self - critique, and to complete other exams and / or short written projects. finally, effective listening and critical thinking skills are emphasized throughout the course.


about us : arts integration theory arts integration is the primary instructional model at innovations high school. watch our arts integration video and visit our arts integration site to learn more about why this innovative way of learning is so successful with innovations students. arts integration model arts integration is an instructional model that pairs an arts discipline with a traditional subject in order to enhance learning in both areas. according to burnaford, aprill, and weiss ( 2001 ), “ integration does not occur unless both the art form and the other academic subject ( s ) are taught so the students learn more than if they learned them separately ” ( p. 22 ). by integrating the arts, we seek to : 1 ) increase student motivation and attitudes toward learning, 2 ) support learning and increase student success in core academic subjects, and 3 ) organize integrated instruction around “ big ideas ” that enable students to make meaningful connections between concepts learned in different subject areas. research on arts integration arts integration is an effective instructional model for reaching high school students who are : 1 ) struggling with learning, 2 ) struggling with motivation, and 3 ) at risk of dropping out of high school. a study by demoss and morris ( 2002 ) found that arts - integrated units created intrinsic motivation for learning ; required students to use more complex learning processes such as thinking, judgment, and collaboration ; presented students with “ challenges ” rather than “ barriers ” to learning ; and prompted students to pursue learning opportunities outside of class. additionally, students were found to be able to assess their own learning at deeper levels after participating in arts - integrated units ( p. 17 - 20 ). ncrel evaluated classrooms in chicago who were working with chicago arts partnerships in education ( cape ) over a six - year period ( catterall, 1999 ). when compared to schools with similar demographics and comparable test score histories, cape schools outperformed non - cape schools on standardized tests in math and reading. survey data indicated that 86 percent of high school students reported that they enjoyed lessons in the arts because they made learning fun ( p. 51 ). the cape model chicago arts partnerships in education ( cape ) establishes partnerships between teaching artists and schools for the purposes of bringing artists into classrooms to co - teach instructional units with classroom teachers, training classroom teachers in arts integration, and providing professional development that focuses on action research. cape ’ s model emphasizes inquiry - based instruction that provides students with meaningful learning activities connected to pre - established “ big ideas. ” as described by burnaford et al. ( 2001 ), “ big ideas ” serve as “


on action research. cape ’ s model emphasizes inquiry - based instruction that provides students with meaningful learning activities connected to pre - established “ big ideas. ” as described by burnaford et al. ( 2001 ), “ big ideas ” serve as “ organizing principles that can help bridge separate curricular areas and reach students in intriguing new ways ” ( p. 34 ) and that students in arts - integrated classrooms “ participate actively, use their hands as well as their minds, and make connections between what they are learning and what they are living ” ( p. 5 ). burnaford, g. e., aprill, a., & weiss, c. ( eds. ). ( 2001 ). renaissance in the classroom : arts integration and meaningful learning. mahwah, nj : lawrence earlbaum associates, 1 - 34. catterall, j. s., & waldorf, l. ( 1999 ). chicago arts partnerships in education summary evaluation. champions of change : the impact of the arts on learning, 47 - 62. demoss, k. & morris, t. ( 2002 ). how arts integration supports student learning : students shed light on the connections. last update : september 20, 2012 © 2009 innovations high school. all rights reserved.


our weekly roundup of the latest news in the world of health. hiv researchers and health officials talked this week at a conference about the challenges of fighting the virus. but they also said there ' s new hope for preventing its spread. new research found that an advanced ct scan may shorten emergency room visits for chest pain. but the test also had drawbacks. the u. s. legal system is struggling against a growing variety of synthetic drugs sometimes called " bath salts. " and a study released this week concluded that expanding medicaid to cover more people may save lives. this issue : aids conference hears about hopes and challenges ct shows mixed results for chest pain legal system fights surge in ' bath salts ' study : medicaid expansion may cut death rates in the news : aids conference hears about hopes and challenges world health systems still face challenges to control the spread of hiv. but speakers at a conference this week expressed hope that the next generation could be aids - free. " there is no excuse scientifically to say we cannot do it, " said anthony fauci, m. d., of the national institutes of health. the united states pledged an extra $ 150 million to for prevention and treatment in poor countries. secretary of state hillary rodham clinton said one step that can occur by 2015 is to treat pregnant women to make sure no babies are born infected. dr. fauci said research shows that treatment can reduce the chance of spreading the infection by 96 %. that requires starting treatment as soon as someone is diagnosed. for men, circumcision is " stunningly successful " in reducing the risk of infection by a female sex partner, dr. fauci said. challenges include the high rate of infection among gay black men in the united states. among those age 30 and under, nearly 6 % are infected each year. women in africa need better ways to protect themselves when partners won ' t use condoms. a new study will test a drug - coated ring worn inside the vagina. the associated press and usa today wrote about the conference. ct shows mixed results for chest pain if you have chest pain, but aren ' t having a heart attack, an advanced ct scan can help get you out of the emergency room sooner, a study published this week finds. but it might not be worth the extra radiation and later tests. the study included 1, 000 people with chest pain. all had electrocardiograms and blood tests that suggested a heart attack was unlikely. then they were randomly divided into 2 groups. people in


not be worth the extra radiation and later tests. the study included 1, 000 people with chest pain. all had electrocardiograms and blood tests that suggested a heart attack was unlikely. then they were randomly divided into 2 groups. people in one group got standard tests, such as a stress test. the others got a type of ct scan that gives a detailed view of arteries around the heart. people spent an average of 23 hours in the hospital with the ct scans and 30 hours with standard tests. about 47 % were sent home after the ct scans, compared with 12 % who had standard tests. the others were admitted. but those in the ct group received 3 times as much radiation as the standard - care group. they also were more likely to have expensive tests later, so their total testing costs were a bit higher. the journal of the american medical association published the study. the associated press wrote about it. legal system fights surge in ' bath salts ' lawmakers and police across the united states are struggling to keep up with a wave of constantly changing new synthetic drugs. the associated press wrote about the problem this week. the drugs are known as " bath salts " because they often are packaged as common household items. the drugs typically are made in labs by amateur chemists. president obama signed a bill earlier this month to ban more than two dozen of the most common ones. but a u. s. official said the illegal drug industry keeps inventing new ones. the drugs mimic the effects of drugs such as cocaine and other stimulants. they can cause hallucinations and paranoia. people using the drugs may turn violent. u. s. law prohibits selling drugs that mimic illegal drugs. but officials said it can be hard to prosecute sellers of bath salts. one reason is that they often are marked " not for human consumption. " study : medicaid expansion may cut death rates expanding medicaid under the new health care reform law may save thousands of lives, a study released this week concludes. the study looked at what happened in 3 states that recently have expanded medicaid in ways similar to what the law requires. the u. s. supreme court upheld the law in june. but it said that states can refuse to expand medicaid, a joint state - federal program. the expansion would cover mostly uninsured adults without children. it would include those with annual incomes up to about $ 15, 400. since 2000, maine, arizona and new hampshire have all expanded medicaid to include low - income


limiting the amount of salt, or sodium, in your diet is important if you have high blood pressure, congestive heart failure or fluid retention that causes leg swelling ( edema ). some people are genetically more likely to hold sodium in the body after eating foods with salt. everyone with high blood pressure should reduce salt consumption because this lowers blood pressure and allows some of the most common blood pressure medicines to work better. some experts believe that the higher intake of salt in western countries like the united states is one reason high blood pressure is so common here as compared with the rest of the world. too much sodium allows the body to retain fluid, which increases the amount of fluid pumped by the heart and circulating in the bloodstream. this makes he heart work harder. this is why high sodium diets can be harmful to people with congestive heart failure. the excess fluid can back up into the lungs, causing congestion, coughing and difficulty breathing. the average american consumes about 4, 000 milligrams or more of sodium a day. the american heart association recommends 2, 300 milligrams as the upper limit, even if you have no signs of heart disease. most people with high blood pressure should limit their sodium intake to less than 1, 500 milligrams a day or less, according to some experts. for some people with congestive heart failure, a total sodium intake of less than 1, 000 milligrams per day may be helpful, although this diet is challenging to maintain. learn the hidden sources table salt ( sodium chloride ) is the most obvious source of sodium in your diet. just one teaspoon of salt contains 2, 000 milligrams of sodium, which is just a little less than the entire amount you should have in one day. the salt you add when cooking or at the table is only part of your total sodium intake. even natural foods such as milk, meat and vegetables contain sodium. a cup of milk contains 375 milligrams of sodium. a half - cup of cottage cheese has 475 milligrams. a glass of tomato juice has 441 milligrams. the amount of sodium is listed on every food label. eat more potassium potassium helps to lower blood pressure, so eat more potassium. this doesn ' t mean that if you eat bananas, potatoes and other high - potassium foods, you can eat foods high in sodium more freely. unless you have kidney disease, you should eat about 4, 700 milligrams of potassium each day. a baked


armenia and iran i. armina, achaemenid province armina is named as a province ( satrapy ) of the achaemenid empire ; the inhabitants are called arminiya - “ armenian. ” as a by - form of the country ’ s name, the form arminiya -, is attested six times in db 2. 33 - 63, but only in the locative form arminiyaiy ( on this word see r. schmitt, acta antiqua 25, 1977, p. 96 n. 16 ). armina is the source of greek armenioi “ armenians, ” armenie, armenia [ scil. khora ] “ armenia ; ” it is rendered phonetically in elamite as har - mi - nu - ya ( - ip ), etc. the inscriptions ’ babylonian versions, however, use kuru - ra - as - tu “ urartu ” and luu - ra - as - ta - a - a “ urartean, ” i. e., the name of the kingdom ( and its inhabitants ), mighty in former times in nearly the same region ; the old name was preserved by the indigenous pre - achaemenid cuneiform tradition. the armenians ’ name for themselves, attested from the 5th century a. d., is hay, plural haykʿ, with hayastan “ armenia ” and other derivatives. the references to armina in the bisotun inscription ( db ) from about 520 b. c. are the earliest. but these and the other old persian lists of peoples and countries ( dpe 12, dna 27, dn xx, dse 27, dsm 8 [? ], xph 20, a? p 20 ; see kent, old persian, pp. 136ff., m. mayrhofer, supplement zur sammlung der altpersischen inschriften, vienna, 1978, pp. 13f. ) do not indicate the exact area inhabited by that people. bordering on media, cappadocia, and assyria, the armenians settled, according to classical sources ( beginning with herodotus and xenophon ), in the east anatolian mountains along the araxes ( aras ) river and around mt. ararat, lake van, lake rezaiyeh, and the upper courses of the euphrates and tigris ; they extended as far north as the cyrus ( kur ) river. to that region they seem to


river and around mt. ararat, lake van, lake rezaiyeh, and the upper courses of the euphrates and tigris ; they extended as far north as the cyrus ( kur ) river. to that region they seem to have immigrated only about the 7th century b. c. afterwards armenia was part of the median and persian empires ( see, e. g., xenophon, cyropaedia 2. 4. 22 ). about the armenians ’ nationality in achaemenid times we can say almost nothing. the ethnonym itself and all other names attested with reference to the rebellions against darius in armina ( the proper names araxa, haldita, and dadrsis, the toponyms zuzahya, tigra, and uyama, and the district name autiyara ) are not connected with armenian linguistic and onomastic material attested later in native armenian sources. they are also not iranian, but seem related to urartean ( see schmitt, “ " armenische " namen in altpersischen quellen ” ). armina, a great and wealthy land ( xenophon, anabasis 3. 5. 17 ; cf. herodotus 5. 49. 6 ) on the so - called “ royal road, ” was part of the 13th tax district ( nomos ) according to herodotus ( 3. 93. 1 ). the armenians, who are called in this connection “ descendants of the phrygians ” are equipped like the phrygians and stand together with these under the order of darius ’ son - in - law artochmes in the military review before king xerxes in thracian doriscus ( herodotus 7. 73 ). while so - called “ western armenia ” belonged to a governor tiribazus in 401 / 400 b. c. ( xenophon, anabasis 4. 4. 4 ), the satrap of armenia at the same time was orontes ( xenophon, anabasis 3. 5. 17 ) ; one of the armenians ’ leaders in the battle at gaugamela, hence the presumed satrap of that province under darius iii codomannus, is also called orontes ( arrian, anabasis 3. 8. 5 ). from the fact that at different times homonymous persons served as satraps of the same province, it may be inferred that this satra


tagged as “ stonewall ” sunday, june 21, 2009 around this time all over the world, lgbt and allied people celebrate pride with special festivals, parades, and events. these celebrations happen each year to commemorate something called the stonewall rebellion - viewed as a turning point for lgbt equality. the stonewall rebellion was a series of riots - spontaneous, violent conflicts between lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and allied people and police, that took place for several days beginning in june 1969 at the stonewall inn in new york city. this was one of the first times that lgbta people fought back against overt discrimination and violence in the united states. this year marks the 40th anniversary of the stonewall rebellion. forty years ago, there were no out lgbt elected officials, no laws banning discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity, no will and grace, no l word, no logo channel, no civil unions, no controversy over gay marriage ( because there was no gay marriage ), and no campus - based lgbt centers anywhere in the country. ( the first campus - based center came along two years after the events at the stonewall inn. a little pop quiz - anyone know at which institution of higher education this first occurred? ) though there were other major clashes, as well as peaceful demonstrations, that took place in american cities before stonewall, stonewall is usually cited as the birth of the modern lgbt rights movement. celebrate pride 2009 by learning more about pre - stonewall events as well as the stonewall rebellion. the film “ screaming queens : the riot at compton ’ s cafeteria ” ( shown on campus as part of the " out of the closet and onto the screen " film series ) can be previewed here. the film documents events that took place in san francisco ’ s tenderloin neighborhood in 1966. and for a bit of east coast history, philadelphia had been observing " annual reminder day " each year for several years before stonewall. the city of philadelphia has erected a historic marker commemorating the annual reminder day and its organizers, and has a special section of its tourism website devoted to philadelphia lgbt history. to learn more about stonewall, the program in the life has created a special podcast episode commemorating the 40th anniversary of stonewall. also this year, a plaque listing the names of 40 current day people engaged in the continuing quest for full lgbt equality will be placed at the stonewall inn next week. to find a pride event closest to where ever you are this summer, consult an online pride calendar. and no matter where you are this


conservation actions underway cites appendix i ( 1992 ). it is known from five protected areas : rasa island wildlife sanctuary, puerto princesa subterranean river national park, omoi and manambaling cockatoo reserves in dumaran, culasian managed resource protected area in rizal and samar island natural park. it is also known from two sites proposed for major project funding : dinagat and tawitawi. since 1998 an intensive species conservation programme, the philippine cockatoo conservation program ( pccp ) has been implemented by the katala foundation. in 2005, the katala foundation started to plan and build the katala institute for ecology and biodiversity conservation, designed as a centre for environmental education and research, as well as possibly serving a role as a facility for the captive breeding of c. haematuropygia. by 2009, a number of the buildings and facilities at the institute had been completed ( schoppe et al. 2009 ). three protected areas have been specifically created for the species in palawan on rasa island, dumaran and rizal. conservation efforts on rasa island recovered a small population from 25 individuals to over 200 by july 2008 ( widmann and widmann 2008 ) and c. 280 in 2012 ( p. widmann in litt. 2012 ). poachers have been trained as wildlife wardens and were provided with alternative sources of income. this turned out to be the single most effective activity to prevent poaching and was repeated in three other project sites. awareness campaigns have been conducted on mindanao, palawan and polillo. trilingual conservation posters have been distributed nationwide. the katala pride campaign launched on dumaran island has focused on raising awareness among students and farmers ( anon. 2005 ). in 1992, an international captive - breeding programme was initiated, with 39 birds kept under the european studbook in 2007 ( p. widmann in litt. 2008 ). in 2005, drought caused the starvation of 15 chicks, so 10 chicks were hand - reared for an experimental translocation ( widmann and widmann 2005 ). an extreme drought in 2010, possibly worse than that in 2005, resulted in only 15 of 25 nests on rasa producing a total of 24 young, of which only five survived until late april and were rescued for supplementary feeding. supplemental food and water were provided for adult birds on rasa to mitigate the effects of the drought ( anon. 2010 ). currently, sites are assessed and tested


, of which only five survived until late april and were rescued for supplementary feeding. supplemental food and water were provided for adult birds on rasa to mitigate the effects of the drought ( anon. 2010 ). currently, sites are assessed and tested for their suitability for translocation. a first attempt on a resort island in northern palawan indicated that rescued hand - raised birds can adapt well to natural conditions ( foraging, predator avoidance ), but was terminated owing to problems caused by tameness. conservation efforts started in 2010 at a new project site on pandanan island to the south of palawan ( anon. 2010 ), where recent surveys confirmed the presence of a viable population ( widmann and lacerna - widmann 2009 ). at least 15 nestlings have been ringed and successfully fledged, with one brood requiring supplementary feeding, and potential nest - trees continue to be monitored. meetings, focus groups and other events have been held to engage local communities, and alternative income sources are being promoted to reduce trapping pressure ( anon. 2010 ). experimental habitat restoration has been initiated at dumaran and one mainland site in palawan. a project to identify suitable reintroduction sites and to create necessary conditions for reintroduction ( e. g. legal, social acceptance, site preparation ) was initiated in 2012 ( p. widmann in litt. 2012 ). conservation actions proposed conduct surveys on all range islands to assess the species ' s population size and distribution. monitor population trends. monitor rates of habitat loss and degradation. quantify levels of trapping, persecution and trade. designate further protected areas ( e. g. tawitawi and localities on or near to palawan ). support the proposed expansion of st paul ' s subterranean national park. prevent further mangrove destruction. promote economically viable alternatives to cockatoo - trapping. continue education programmes. establish staffed posts at airports and ferry terminals. conduct translocation into suitable ( well - protected, intact ) lowland forest or mangrove habitats.


abrasion / sanding the wearing away of any part of material by rubbing it against another surface. the term is often used to describe the processes of creating an aged look in denim. abrasion can be achieved through hand rubbing with sandpaper or even washing garments with stones or rubber balls to break down the surface of the fabric. think of the abraded seams and hems on your favorite pair of old jeans. this is the distressed look ( as opposed to worn - out ) that is entirely intentional. agate a semiprecious type of quartz also known as chalcedony ( pronounced kal - sed - nee ). it forms in a wide variety of colors and textures. each individual agate forms by filling a cavity in a host rock. agate was highly valued as a talisman or amulet in ancient times. it was said to quench thirst or protect from fevers. persian magicians used agate to divert storms. amazonite : a semiprecious gemstone that is a variety of green microcline feldspar. it varies in color from apple green to bluish green. also known as amazon stone, it is commonly found in the united states, brazil, zimbabwe, russia, australia and namibia. it is said to enhance clarity and understanding while balancing human energies. antique fleece a mellow blend of cotton and polyester. washed for a soft, lived - in quality. fleece lining lends a warm, cozy feel. applique ( pronounced a - plee - kay ) : material that is cut out and sewn or embroidered and fastened to a fabric. applique comes from the french appliquer, which means to " put on. " the art of hand applique covers a wide spectrum, from primitive folk art to the sophistication of baltimore album quilts — elegant appliqued quilts from the mid - 1800s that were highly sought - after and considered an honor to receive. authentic fit our stretch boot - cut style with a vintage appeal. it sits below the waistline and follows the contours of hips and thighs with its slightly fitted approach. whiskering detail adds to the " lived - in " appeal. aventurine ( sometimes known as goldstone ) a shimmering quartz ( crystalline mineral ) stone that ranges in color from yellow and red to light green and light brown. the shimmer is caused by tiny metallic particles ( mica ) within the stone. the mineral aventurine takes its


by frankie meyer joplin, mo. — the best way to get relatives and descendants interested in their family history is to organize trips to sites where ancestors lived, and to also visit historic sites that significantly affected their lives. many of the earliest settlers in southwest missouri traveled from the st. louis area down the old wire road, also known as the old osage trail or military trail. few people know that thousands of families also traveled to the area via fort smith, ark. early trappers and settlers reached fort smith by traveling from the mississippi river up the arkansas river. from that town, they traveled to northwest arkansas, southwest missouri and eastern oklahoma. during the 1830s, several groups of native americans were forced to travel along one leg of the trail of tears through the fort smith area on their way to the indian territory. the town provided the last chance for those native american families to buy supplies before crossing into their new land. fort smith developed around a fort that was built on a hill overlooking the arkansas river. the fort was built to promote peace between tribes in that area. later the fort was used as a training ground for soldiers who fought in the mexican war. during the civil war, the fort was used as a supply depot. between 1872 and 1896, the fort served as a site where the federal court for the western district of arkansas meted out punishments for heinous crimes of outlaws, many of whom had fled to the indian territory to avoid prosecution. if any of your ancestry has ties to fort smith, plan a trip south through the scenic ozark mountains to the area. the fort smith national historic site, located downtown near the arkansas river, has restored judge parker ’ s courthouse. at the site, one can also see remnants of the original fort built in 1817. the ft. smith museum of history, fort smith trolley museum and the fort smith national cemetery are all nearby. the trolley museum has restored electric streetcars that frequently take visitors on historic rides. the trolley line stops at the national cemetery, ross pendergraft park, the fstm rose garden and the parking lot of varsity sports grill. motormen ( including my husband jim and our friend, john shomin, who sometimes volunteer there ) point out area attractions and historic sites. admission is $ 2 for adults and $ 1 for children. for more details, call the fort smith trolley museum at 479 - 783 - 0205 or the fort smith museum of history at 479 - 783 - 7841. the fort smith public library, located at 320


september 12, 2006 nasa ' s newest spacecraft at mars has completed the challenging half - year task of shaping its orbit to the nearly circular, low - altitude pattern from which it will scrutinize the planet. the mars reconnaissance orbiter fired its six intermediate - size thrusters for 12. 5 minutes monday afternoon, sept. 11, shifting the low point of its orbit to stay near the martian south pole and the high point to stay near the north pole. the altitude of the orbit ranges from 250 kilometers ( 155 miles ) to 316 kilometers ( 196 miles ) above the surface. " this maneuver puts us into our science orbit, " said dan johnston, deputy mission manager at nasa ' s jet propulsion laboratory, pasadena, calif. " getting to this point is a great achievement. " challenging activities remain ahead this month, such as deploying an antenna 10 meters ( 33 feet ) long and removing a lens cap from a crucial instrument. the main science investigations will begin in november. during its two - year science phase, the mission will return more data about mars than all previous mars missions combined. the flight team for the mars reconnaissance orbiter sent the bus - sized spacecraft through the upper fringe of mars ' atmosphere 426 times between early april and aug. 30. this " aerobraking " technique used friction with the martian atmosphere to gradually decrease the highest - altitude point of the elliptical orbit from 45, 000 kilometers ( 28, 000 miles ) to 486 kilometers ( 302 miles ). the lowest - altitude point during aerobraking ranged from 98 to 105 kilometers ( 61 to 65 miles ). it was carefully managed with input from researchers at jpl ; lockheed martin space systems, denver ; nasa langley research center, hampton, va., and elsewhere, based on spacecraft data and atmospheric fluctuations. during the first three weeks after it arrived at mars on march 10, the spacecraft took more than 35 hours to fly each very elongated orbit. during the final weeks of aerobraking, it was flying more than 10 orbits each day. " the pace of work got extremely demanding as we got down to two - hour orbits, " johnston said. " we had shifts working around the clock. " monday ' s maneuver was the mission ' s biggest burn since the 27 - minute firing to slow the spacecraft enough for mars ' gravity to snare it into orbit on march 10. the benefit of aerobraking is to avoid hauling unnecessary fuel to mars for thrusters. compared with relying solely on thruster firings to shrink and shape the orbit, aero


enough for mars ' gravity to snare it into orbit on march 10. the benefit of aerobraking is to avoid hauling unnecessary fuel to mars for thrusters. compared with relying solely on thruster firings to shrink and shape the orbit, aerobraking cut the mission ' s fuel needs by about 600 kilograms ( about 1, 300 pounds. ) at least one small adjustment maneuver is still ahead. one key remaining preparation for the mission ' s science payload is deployment of the antenna for the shallow subsurface radar, an instrument provided by the italian space agency. the antenna, developed by northrop grumman space technology astro aerospace, carpinteria, calif., remained safely stowed during aerobraking. later this month, it will be released to unfold itself and extend 5 meters ( 16. 4 feet ) on either side of the spacecraft. after this ground - penetrating radar has been checked and calibrated, it " has the potential to detect buried channels, buried craters and ice layers, " said dr. roberto seu of the university of rome la sapienza, leader of the instrument ' s science team. during aerobraking, a lens cap protected the mission ' s mineral - mapping compact reconnaissance imaging spectrometer for mars. removal of the cap this month will allow researchers to start checking and calibrating the spectrometer ' s performance. " our most important goal is to find where past environments on mars were wet long enough to leave a mineral signature on the surface, " said dr. scott murchie of johns hopkins university applied physics laboratory, laurel, md., principal investigator for the spectrometer. a series of trial observations by all the instruments will complete the spacecraft checkouts at the end of the month, including tests of all observing modes. in addition to data acquisition by the radar and spectrometer, images will be taken by the high resolution imaging science experiment and the context imager. the mars color imager and mars climate sounder will also begin monitoring mars ' atmosphere. during the next four years, these instruments on mars reconnaissance orbiter will examine mars to learn about processes that have affected it and to inspect potential landing sites for future missions. the spacecraft will also serve as a communications relay for mars surface missions. information about the mars reconnaissance orbiter is online at http : / / www. nasa. gov / mro. the mission is managed by jpl, a division of the california institute of technology, pasadena, for the nasa science mission directorate, washington. lockheed


mon november 7, 2011 organic isn ' t always safer when it comes to botulism organic italian olives are the unlikely suspects in a new botulism outbreak, which has sickened two people in europe. the food and drug administration has urged people not to eat bio gaudiano organic olives stuffed with almonds, and the united states distributor has recalled the product. scientists say that the case is a good reminder that just because a product is organic, that doesn ' t mean it ' s pristine. in some cases, organic products may be even more vulnerable to certain toxins than conventionally grown foods. that ' s because organic food is often fertilized with manure, which can carry dangerous spores that occur naturally in soil. and if clostridium botulinim, the bacteria that causes botulism, makes it as far as a jar packed with oil and not much oxygen, it can flourish. " it ' s the perfect environment for botulinum to grow, " says eric johnson, a professor of microbiology at the university of wisconsin - madison. the salt tracked down johnson in rome, where by coincidence he ' d just given a talk at the italian research institute that was investigating the botulism outbreak. he said the case reminded him of an outbreak in the 1980s, which was caused by chopped garlic packed in oil. " garlic is from the soil, so it has spores of botulinum in it, " johnson says. the oil floats on top of the jar and seals out air, leaving water to collect at the bottom, where it acts like a petri dish for botulism. though most of the recent food safety scares have come from fresh foods like cantaloupe, sprouts and ground turkey, the olive outbreak as well as a french tapenade and dried tomato paste scare make it clear that pricey imported treats are not immune to processing slip ups. and organic foods are as vulnerable to botulism as other foods — if not more so because farmers so often use manure to grow them. food processors are generally diligent about fighting botulism. salt is used to cure olives, but the food would have to be unpalatably salty to stop the bacteria. and johnson, who has studied the deadly bacterium for three decades, says that some strains can survive boiling for hours. after the outbreak in chopped garlic, the fda told garlic processors add phosphoric acid. the higher acid level thwarts bacterial growth. another strategy used by big


1. whales are the largest animals that have ever lived on earth and are the largest animals that live in the ocean. whales are even bigger than the largest dinosaur. it is believed that millions of years ago, whales probably walked upon land. their back legs disappeared and their front legs became flippers. blue whales can weigh over 150 tons and be over 100 feet in length. humpback whales are also big, weighing up to 45 tons. flippers of the humpback whale can be as long as 15 feet. 2. whales are mammals, so they feed milk to their babies and breathe air. since whales are not fish they do not have gills, so they cannot breathe under water. they must come up to the surface of the water to get air. the air is breathed in and out through their “ blowhole, ” which is on their back. 3. whales live in large groups called “ herds. ” a baby whale is called a “ calf. ” 4. blue whales and killer whales can be found in every ocean around the world. whales “ migrate ” further than any other animal. they eat during the summer month building up layers of blubber. when the water begins to cool, the whales begin their migration to warmer waters. they do not eat during their migration. all they do is swim and rest for short periods of time. sometimes, when whales are migrating, they swim very close to the shore and can be seen “ blowing ” and jumping out of the water. this jumping is called “ breaching. 5. when whales sleep, they stay at the top of the water, with their blowhole above the surface. sometimes, a whale will swim up to the surface of the water and quickly blow air out of their blowhole, making a fountain of watery mist, called a “ blow. ” 6. there are two different kinds of whales, the baleen and the toothed whale. baleen whales are also called “ toothless ” whales. instead of teeth, they have plates made of baleen in their jaws. baleen is a very hard and strong substance and can be compared with the same substance that makes up the horns on some animals. baleen is also called “ whalebone. ” sea water passes through the baleen and krill ( a kind of plankton ) gets caught. whales can eat as much as two tons of krill a day. the fin, gray, humpback, blue, bowhead, bryde ’ s, right, minke, blue, and se


kind of plankton ) gets caught. whales can eat as much as two tons of krill a day. the fin, gray, humpback, blue, bowhead, bryde ’ s, right, minke, blue, and sei are baleen whales. humpback whales are baleen whales. baleen whales have two nostrils, or blowholes. killer whales and dolphins are both members of the toothed whale group. toothed whales have teeth instead of baleen. these whales include the beluga or white, bottlenose, narwhal, pilot and sperm whales. toothed whales eat fish and plants. they have one nostril, or blowhole. 7. scientists have determined that killer whales can live a maximum of 35 years. they can tell the age of a whale by looking at a cross - section of a killer whale ' s tooth. killer whales, like other marine mammals, produce a periodic growth layer on the teeth. by counting these layers, scientists can estimate the animal ' s age. 8. you can tell an adult male from an adult female by the shape of their dorsal fin. a male ' s fin is very tall ( up to 6 feet tall ) and triangular shaped. a female is shorter ( 3 feet ) and curves back toward the dorsal fin. 9. whales swim by moving their tails up and down and using their flippers, which also help them to turn. some whales, such as the sei, can swim more than 30 miles per hour. 10. all whales are very noisy. they squeak, moan, groan, and sigh to talk to each other. these underwater sounds can travel great distances. the sounds they make are called “ whale song. ” whale are the loudest animals in the world.


an object the size of asteroid 2012 da14 appears to hit earth about once every 1, 200 years, yeomans said. " there really hasn ' t been a close approach that we know about for an object of this size, " he added. on its close approach to earth, it was predicted the asteroid would be traveling at 7. 8 kilometers per second, roughly eight times the speed of a bullet from a high - speed rifle, he said. if it had hit our planet - - which was impossible - - it would have done so with the energy of 2. 4 megatons of tnt, yeomans said. this is comparable to the event in tunguska, russia, in 1908. that asteroid entered the atmosphere and exploded, leveling trees over an area of 820 square miles - - about two - thirds the size of rhode island. like that rock, 2012 da14 would likely not have left a crater. what else is out there? so, we knew that this particular asteroid wasn ' t going to hit us, but how about all of those other giant rocks floating nearby beyond our atmosphere? nasa says 9, 697 objects have been classified as near - earth objects, or neos, as of february 12. near - earth objects are comets or asteroids in orbits that allow them to enter earth ' s neighborhood. there ' s an important distinction between these two types of objects : comets are mostly water, ice and dust, while asteroids are mostly rock or metal. both comets and asteroids have hit earth in the past. more than 1, 300 near - earth objects have been classified as potentially hazardous to earth, meaning that someday they may come close or hit our home planet. nasa is monitoring these objects and updating their locations as new information comes in. right now, scientists aren ' t warning of any imminent threats. yeomans and colleagues are using telescopes on the ground and in space to nail down the precise orbit of objects that might threaten earth and predict whether the planet could be hit.


by pure matters the way a cancer grows is called its pathophysiology. the grade of your cancer is the terminology doctors use to describe how the cancer cells look. knowing how the cells look will help your doctor predict how fast the cancer may grow and spread. the stage of your cancer is the terminology doctors use to communicate the size of a tumor and where and how deeply it has spread. when the pathologist has examined the cells, he or she will issue a report that includes the cancer ' s grade and stage. to grade your cancer, the pathologist gives your tumor a number from 1 to 3. slower - growing tumors get a 1. faster - growing tumors get a 3. the stage and grade of a cancer are unrelated to each other. however, the two categories combined describe the status of the cancer in such a way that your doctor can figure out how aggressively it must be treated. a grade 3 cancer caught at a very early stage has a better prognosis than a grade 1 cancer that isn ' t discovered until after it spreads. ask your doctor to explain the grade of your cancer because it will be important when deciding on treatment. how breast cancer spreads the first place cancer is found in the body is called the primary site or primary tumor. breast cancer, like all cancers, can spread to other parts of the body. this is called metastatic cancer, or metastasis. when a cancer spreads, it is said to have metastasized. the first place that breast cancer usually spreads to is the nearby lymph nodes under your arms. in some cases, it spreads to distant parts of the body, like your liver. it may also spread to your skin. although the cancer has spread, it ' s not considered a new cancer. for instance, if breast cancer spreads to your liver, it is not considered liver cancer. it ' s called metastatic breast cancer. the stages of breast cancer doctors need to know what stage your breast cancer is in to decide what treatment to recommend. the stage is based on the size and extent of your tumor, the number of nodes involved, and whether the cancer has spread. your oncologist will be able to know your stage based on information gained from a variety of tests, including the biopsy and perhaps a lymph node biopsy. all things considered, the stage of a cancer is still more important in determining the treatment strategy than its grade.


the primary purpose of this course is to explore, by the comparative method, the basic concepts of african legal theory and practice ; the structure and content of african legal systems ; reception of foreign laws and their interaction with african customary law ; the rules developed to resolve internal conflict of laws ; and the evolution of modern african constitutions. the class will also review specific topics, such as the tension between customary law and modern constitutional standards in areas of marriage, inheritance, and succession ; and land tenure, administration, and conflict resolution. the class will further evaluate the role of law in fostering social and economic development to reduce poverty, disease, and malnutrition ; the role of international financial institutions in africa ; and the contribution of foreign direct investment, international trade, and transfer of technology. specific topics will be explored, including on - going legal and judicial reforms. major topics include ( 1 ) african legal systems : customary law and foreign law — common law, civil law, roman - dutch law — origins, definition and nature of applicable laws : reception of foreign law clauses, issues of integration and conflict of laws rules, ( 2 ) major topics in customary law : ( a ) rights issues in law of marriage, inheritance, and succession ; ( b ) quest for justice and reconciliation in conflict resolution — gacaca jurisdictions in rwanda, truth and reconciliation commissions in south africa and sierra leone, and traditional healing rituals in uganda ; ( c ) land tenure and administration — concepts, nature, and modes of land holding ; management and dispute resolution ; land administration and agrarian reforms, ( 3 ) law and development : regional economic, trade institutions — african union and its organs, the new partnership for african development ( nepad ), comesa, ecowas, sadc, and eac ; international financial institutions and their role in fight against poverty, disease and malnutrition ; the millennium development goals, and ( 4 ) constitutionalism in africa : evolution of african constitutions, constitutional legality, and the scourge of the coup d ' etat and human rights. this course should be of interest to law students and other students from different disciplines interested in the nature and operation of law in africa, constitutional law, international economic law and development, comparative law, and international law. section offerings for 2012 - 13 | l6211 - 001 | | 12f | | african law and development | | f. ssekandi | | t 4 : 20 pm - 7 : 10 pm | | wjwh 417 | choose a section for more information,


super alice ushers in a new wonderland of green computing university ' s new supercomputer launched issued on 20 july 2010 photo opps at 4. 30pm on monday 19th july in the physics building, university of leicester alice, the university of leicester ’ s new ‘ green ’ supercomputer, will go into operation this month. the university is aiming to make the £2. 2 million facility the most energy efficient in the sector. alice is ten times more powerful than the system it replaces, and is expected to help attract high quality researchers and millions of pounds in research grants to leicester. researchers will use the high - performance computer to help find the answers to questions ranging from the effects of different government policies on the financial markets to the future of our galaxy. the new service, supplied by hp, offers computational power equivalent to thousands of desktop pcs by clustering large numbers of central processing units. it will make it possible to analyse much bigger data sets than before, get responses more quickly, and therefore help find the answers to more and different kinds of questions. high performance computing produces an enormous amount of heat, so keeping the equipment cool is a major challenge. if a traditional cooling solution had been used this would have been both expensive to run and bad for the environment. instead, the new leicester computer room will, for the first time, use an advanced water - cooling system - - a bit like a glorified car radiator. an existing computer room was completely redesigned and re - equipped to accommodate the new groundbreaking ecofris cooling technology, supplied by keysource ltd. it is the first installation of this technology in academia or in any small to medium sized data centre. every year the system will save an estimated £130, 000 and reduce co2 emissions by 800 tons compared with the technology it has replaced. the supplier now plans to enter the facility into an international competition to identify the most efficient small data centre in europe. researchers in leicester ’ s physics and astronomy, engineering and economics departments have been piloting the computer, but after its launch this month it will become freely available to any researcher in the university. mary visser, director of it services at the university, said : “ it ’ s fascinating to see how researchers work these days – looking for patterns in huge datasets and simulating complex phenomena. “ usually, you need to be a real techie to engage with this kind of work. but we have social scientists and economists with big problems to solve who didn ’ t sign up to be computer programmers


datasets and simulating complex phenomena. “ usually, you need to be a real techie to engage with this kind of work. but we have social scientists and economists with big problems to solve who didn ’ t sign up to be computer programmers. our team aims to help make the facility accessible for them, too. she added : “ the amount of data produced is going up by around 50 per cent a year, so we need to get much cleverer about how we manage it, make it searchable, and decide what to keep for the next generation. that is a massive challenge for the whole sector – one that calls for new kinds of support and training for researchers at every stage of their careers. ” the supercomputer will be launched at an event at 4. 30pm on monday 19 july in the physics building, university of leicester. note to newsdesk : for interviews contact david carter, senior project manager, it services, tel : 0116 252 5296 for more information, please contact : ather mirza, press and corporate communications, university of leicester, tel : 0116 252 3335, email : email @ example. com tony tysome, director, media fhe, tel : 01629 650910, email : firstname. lastname @ example. org


waters of minnesota documentary on watersheds university of minnesota - bell museum overall project outcome and results the documentary film that resulted from this project, troubled waters : a mississippi river story, examines our relationship to the mississippi river and its surrounding watershed through the competing interests of food, fuel, and environment. excess nitrogen and phosphorus, fertilizers essential to the growth of plants, are contaminating the nation ' s rivers, lakes, and aquifers at the same time as precious soils wash away. the film tells the complex story of these troubled waters, both here in minnesota and downstream as far away as the gulf of mexico, and highlights innovative solutions, such as high - tech farmers that practice precision agriculture and conservation farming methods ; cattle farming while maintaining perennial cover on the landscape ; and new technologies that hold water back on the land. farmers, scientists, and entrepreneurs offer new ideas for meeting the goals of an ambitious, food - producing nation while ensuring the long - term health and sustainability of one of its most precious resources : the mississippi river and its watershed. engaging, serious, and hopeful documentary video has proven to be an innovative and effective environmental education tool that reaches a broad audience of students and adults. following the successful model of the recent emmy award - winning television series minnesota : a history of the land, this new documentary will be broadcast on public television and be available in dvd format for local distribution. project results use and dissemination troubled waters : a mississippi river story will be broadcast on twin cities public television. subsequent broadcasts are planned for the minnesota channel. public television stations along the length of the mississippi river will have the opportunity to air the film. a public premiere screening event is planned for october 3, 2010. the documentary is available in professional quality dvd format for educational uses. the dvd will be distributed to mississippi river venues ( e. g. the national mississippi river museum & aquarium and mississippi national river and recreation area interpretive center ). for more information, visit http : / / www. lccmr. leg. mn / all _ projects / 2008 _ projects. html.


provides easy access to the full range of statistics and information produced by federal agencies for public use. the purpose of data. gov is to increase public access to high value, machine readable datasets generated by the executive branch of the federal government. data. gov provides descriptions of the federal datasets ( metadata ), information about how to access the datasets, and tools that leverage government datasets. bureau of economic analysis provides estimates that illuminate key national, international, and regional aspects of the u. s. economy. bureau of justice statistics provides statistics and full text reports on crime, victims, offenders, law enforcement, courts and corrections. provides essential statistical data in the broad field of labor, including employment and unemployment, wages, inflation and consumer spending, productivity, safety and health, and business costs. federal election commission discloses campaign finance information, enforces the provisions of the law such as the limits and prohibitions on contributions, and oversees the public funding of presidential elections. federal reserve economic data ( fred ) created by st. louis federal reserve district, fred provides historical u. s. economic and financial data, including daily u. s. interest rates, monetary and business indicators, exchange rates, balance of payments and regional economic data. national center for education statistics the national center for education statistics ( nces ) is the primary federal entity for collecting and analyzing data related to education. national center for health statistics the nation ' s principle health statistics agency compiles information to guide actions and policies to improve the health of the people. u. s. census bureau provides timely, relevant, and quality data about the people and economy of the united states. contains a collection of statistics on social and economic conditions in the united states. selected international data are also included. the abstract is also your guide to sources of other data from the census bureau, other federal agencies, and private organizations. page coordinator : karen vaughan firstname. lastname @ example. org this url : http : / / www. lib. odu. edu / subjectguides / page. phtml? page _ id = 50


developing our brains from cradle to grave - foresight report 22 october 2008 proposals aimed at helping society realise its mental potential at every stage of peoples ' lives are contained in a major new report published today by foresight, the government ' s futures think tank. the study into ' mental capital and wellbeing ' looks at how a person ' s mental resources change through life, as a child, adult and in old age, and identifies factors that can help or hinder their development. the consequences are substantial for individuals, wider society and the economy. the report concludes that there is a clear case for action across society including by government, companies and individuals, to boost both mental capital and wellbeing. this could reap very high economic and social benefits in the future. the report, sponsored by the department for innovation, universities and skills ( dius ), outlines the findings of an extensive two - year study involving over 400 leading international experts in subjects ranging from neuroscience to economics. the study defines mental capital as a person ' s cognitive and emotional resources ; how good they are at learning and their " emotional intelligence " such as their social skills and resilience in the face of stress. mental wellbeing changes from day to day and is linked to personal and social fulfilment. its main findings are that : - early intervention is crucial in developing and maintaining mental capital and mental wellbeing - whether it ' s spotting and treating learning difficulties in children and young people or developing biomarkers to diagnose dementia earlier in older people ; - a small increase in levels of wellbeing can produce a large decrease in mental health problems across people of all ages ; - there is substantial scope for improving how to tackle the huge problem of mental - ill - health, which costs up to £77 billion a year for england alone. professor john beddington, the government ' s chief scientific adviser and director of the foresight programme, said : " this report gives us new insights, based on cutting - edge science, into the challenges ahead and how they might be addressed. it contains a range of proposals for society and government to consider. " there is good work being done but progress can be made and taxpayers money saved if government departments work together more effectively to tackle these issues. " investing to identify and tackle learning difficulties early on and improving the take up of education and learning will result in people getting better jobs. the report has shown that if an individual is fulfilled in their work this positively affects wellbeing, this in turn will see


to identify and tackle learning difficulties early on and improving the take up of education and learning will result in people getting better jobs. the report has shown that if an individual is fulfilled in their work this positively affects wellbeing, this in turn will see reduced expenditure on the treatment of mental health problems. " acting now in a co - ordinated way is even more important as the pressures on our society change - this is particularly pertinent in the current climate. competition from abroad and uncertain economic times will drive people to work harder and smarter. both will result in increasing demands made on individuals and the state ". john denham, secretary of state for innovation, universities and skills, who is the report ' s ministerial sponsor, said : " i welcome this report which provides new insights and creates fresh opportunities to offer support to individuals, families and organisations in building and sustaining mental capital and good mental health. " future prosperity and social justice in the uk will be strengthened by drawing on the mental capital and talents of its citizens and i am pleased this report recognises that the government is already on the right track in many areas. " my own department is investing more in skills and training than ever before to ensure our all of our people, young and old, can make the most of their talents and abilities, increasing their prosperity and improving their life chances and strengthen the wider economy. and across government we are driving through reforms in education, health and business to support individuals, their families and communities. " a range of departments and organisations across government and more widely are committed to taking forward the project ' s findings and i look forward to overseeing the progress of that over the coming year. " drawing on over 100 expert papers, the report identifies three key areas which need to be tackled. these are learning in the early years, wellbeing at work, and the ageing population. the study highlights : learning in the early years - an estimated 10 per cent of children have a learning difficulty of some kind ; - dyslexia and dyscalculia ( number blindness ) can both substantially reduce lifetime earnings and gcse achievement, with dyscalculia potentially as common as dyslexia - but frequently undetected ; - improvements in early detection and intervention would prevent problems developing further and improve educational achievement ; - teacher training needs to capitalise on new, emerging scientific understanding of child development in areas such as neuroscience and developmental psychology. wellbeing at work - work related absenteeism accounts for between 10 million to 14 million days lost