facts about hsus in recent years we have experienced a sharp increase in the challenges facing animal agriculture from animal rights and environmental activist groups. one of the groups that challenges animal agriculture the most is hsus. hsus is the largest and most well - funded animal rights organization in the u. s. contrary to how it inaccurately portrays itself as a mainstream animal care organization, hsus is neither affiliated with any of america ’ s more than 10, 000 hands - on pet shelters, nor is it an animal care organization. despite the omnipresent dogs and cats in its fundraising materials and television commercials, it ’ s neither an organization that runs spay / neuter programs, nor does it take in stray, neglected, and abused pets. 1 it works through the courts, the legislative process, mass education, and the media. claiming to be a more moderate, mainstream animal “ welfare ” organization, hsus has sought to abolish modern livestock and poultry farming, hunting, circuses, rodeos, horse and dog racing, animal dissection, the keeping of marine animals in aquariums, hunting of seals, whales and elephants, trapping and raising of fur bearing animals, and the commercial breeding of dogs. 2 quite unlike the common image of animal protection agencies as cash - strapped organizations dedicated to animal welfare, hsus has become the wealthiest animal rights organization on earth. while most local animal shelters are underfunded and unsung, hsus has accumulated $ 162 million in assets and built a recognizable brand by capitalizing on the confusion its very name provokes. 3 this misdirection results in an irony of which most animal lovers are unaware : hsus raises enough money to finance animal shelters in every single state with money to spare, yet it doesn ’ t operate a single one anywhere. 4 hsus is an organization that is inexperienced when it comes to livestock operations and livestock care. hsus would create sweeping policy changes — with dangers of unintended consequences — in an industry where it offers opinion but no expertise. hsus appeals to consumer ’ s emotions, while ignoring science, human and animal welfare and safety considerations, and the hardships it could cause farmers across the united states. 5 hsus ’ s campaign strategy is aimed primarily at states with ballot initiative processes. they use compelling, yet misleading, situations and exploit misinformation in their advertisements to appeal to the voting public, and, ultimately, increase contributions to the organization. hsus has recently campaigned for legislation in the ballot initiative states of california, florida


they use compelling, yet misleading, situations and exploit misinformation in their advertisements to appeal to the voting public, and, ultimately, increase contributions to the organization. hsus has recently campaigned for legislation in the ballot initiative states of california, florida and ohio. there are two types of initiatives – direct and in - direct. there are 24 states with some form of initiative6 ; however, direct initiative states are most at risk of hsus intervention because they do not require prior review by the state legislature. “ direct initiative is when constitutional amendments or statutes proposed by the people are directly placed on the election ballot and then submitted to the people for their approval or rejection ( the state legislature has no role in this process ). ” 7 at present, there are 15 states with direct amendment and 14 states with direct statute processes in place. 8 the wrong idea in a february 2010 poll conducted by opinion research corporation, 71 % of americans agreed that the humane society of the united states “ is an umbrella group that represents thousands of local humane societies across america. ” 9 this is not true. the humane society of the united states is not affiliated with any local animal shelters. that poll also shows that 59 % believe the group gives “ most of its money ” to local pet shelters. that ’ s false, too. in fact, hands - on dog and cat shelters at the local level received less than 1 % of the $ 86 million hsus raised in 2008. 10 hsus ’ s grants to pet shelters in the 50 united states between the years of 2006 to 2008 can be found in hsus ’ s tax filings with the irs, documents which are kept in public record. 11 for the years 2006 to 2008, hsus total grants to hands - on u. s. pet shelters was $ 6, 892, 205, which was only 2. 49 % of their $ 277, 009, 635 in total spending. 12 in 2008, the most recent tax year for which nonprofit irs filings are available, hsus raised $ 86. 7 million from the public, spent $ 99. 7 million — an $ 8 million increase over 2007 — and ended the year with $ 162. 2 million in assets. 13 of this $ 99. 7 million operating budget, hsus paid out $ 4. 7 million in grants to other organizations and individuals in 2008. however, only $ 450, 000 of this consists of checks that hsus wrote to organizations doing hands - on sheltering of dogs and cats – the functions its tv ads suggest are


4. 7 million in grants to other organizations and individuals in 2008. however, only $ 450, 000 of this consists of checks that hsus wrote to organizations doing hands - on sheltering of dogs and cats – the functions its tv ads suggest are hsus ’ s main focus. 14 this means it shared less than one - half of one percent of its 2008 operating budget with legitimate “ humane societies ” and other pet shelters. 15 if an individual took up hsus on their infomercial offer of “ just $ 19 a month ” to help take care of animals, they would be donating $ 228 over the course of a year, with just $ 1. 03 of that reaching an actual hands - on pet shelter. 16 by comparison, hsus had 555 employees, and paid them $ 37. 8 million in 2008. this includes over $ 2. 5 million contributed to employee pension plans. hsus ’ chief executive, wayne pacelle, made just over $ 251, 000 in salary and benefits. 17 shelter support reality during the 2006 - 2008 period, hsus donated zero dollars to hands - on pet shelters in five states : maine, nebraska, nevada, south dakota, and wyoming. 18 hsus made zero donations to ohio pet shelters in 2007 and 2008, and gave just $ 5, 200 in 2006. this year, however, the organization is gearing up to spend millions of dollars in ohio on the anti - livestock farming ballot initiative. 19 in 2008, hsus made donations to pet shelter organizations in only 15 states — down from 24 states in 2007 — even though its overall budget increased by more than $ 8 million. hsus routinely spends far more on state - level political fights than on pet shelters in those same states. 20 for example, hsus spent ten times more money in passing “ proposition 2 ” in california — a ballot initiative to create new livestock farming regulations — than on pet shelters there. 21 even some of the grants from the “ less than one - half of one percent of the budget ” seem dubious. for example, david mastio of the washington times wrote that hsus in iowa gave $ 9, 044 to a shelter in fairfield. according to the shelter ’ s web site, the money was used to give hsus animal rights propaganda to grade school teachers. this material asked the children to pressure their schools to use only cage - free eggs and write to their congressmen. 22 hsus raised $ 34 million in the wake of hurricane katrina, supposedly to help reunite lost pets with their owners. however


teachers. this material asked the children to pressure their schools to use only cage - free eggs and write to their congressmen. 22 hsus raised $ 34 million in the wake of hurricane katrina, supposedly to help reunite lost pets with their owners. however, comparatively little of that money was spent for that purpose. in 2009, atlanta abc affiliate wsb - tv reported that public disclosures of the disposition of the $ 34 million in katrina - related donations added up to less than $ 7 million. 23 a 2008 los angeles times investigation found that hsus receives less than 12 % of the money raised on its behalf by california telemarketers. in 2008, hsus collected more than $ 86 million in contributions, but spent more than $ 24 million on fundraising. 24 beginning on the day of nfl quarterback michael vick ’ s 2007 dog - fighting indictment, hsus raised money online with the false promise that it would “ care for the dogs seized in the michael vick case. ” the new york times later reported that hsus wasn ’ t caring for vick ’ s dogs at all, and hsus president wayne pacelle told the times that his group urged government officials to “ put down ” the dogs rather than adopt them out to suitable homes. 25 are you are as outraged as we are about the false claims hsus is making against agriculture? join farm bureau, the voice of agriculture, and help us protect the future of our food supply in the united states. wayne county farm bureau - fairfield, il copyright 2010 - 2011 all rights reserved.


provides detailed information on the different habitats, life cycles, and natural history of frogs, toads, newts, salamanders, and the rare caecilians search multiple online resources external : arms & armor presents the history of weapons and armor through the ages. describes the design, construction and workings of various weapons, and discusses how methods of warfare have changed. provides detailed information on butterflies ' habitats, diet, and sizes, as well as other interesting facts about butterflies. describes the castles of the middle ages and the lives of the people who lived in them. provides an introduction to the harsh world of hot and cold deserts and the people, plants, and animals that live in them. provides detailed information on world of dinosaurs. describes their sizes, how they looked, how they lived, and how they behaved. provides detailed information on the world of exploration, from early expeditions to high - tech trips into space. provides detailed information on world of fish, including how they evolved, how they live, and their habitats. provides an introduction to the history of flight and explores the various aircraft in use today. provides information on what fossils are, how they were formed, and how they lived millions of years ago. illustrates the visions of the future of scientists, artists and inventors through the ages. presents a view of a world we are yet to know, in the twenty - first century and beyond. provides detailed information on the world of horses and ponies. describes their natural history, their role in civilization, and many other interesting facts. provides detailed information on the world of insects. describes the variety and complexity of insects, their structure, life cycles and behavior. provides an introduction to a variety of inventions, both ancient and modern, that have changed the world. provides an introduction to the plants, animals and insects of the world ' s jungles. provides information on the world and lives of knights. provides information on the world and lives of pirates. provides an introduction to the world of plants, including the natural history of plant anatomy and growth. external : pond and river provides an introduction to the plant and animal life that thrives in freshwater habitats. provides detailed information on the world of reptiles, including their natural history, habits, and lifestyles. provides an introduction to the seashore and the creatures that live there. provides detailed information on the world of sharks. describes the natural history, behavior, and habits of sharks and their relatives. provides an introduction to the world ' s most significant shipwrecks and their lost cargoes and treasures.


that live there. provides detailed information on the world of sharks. describes the natural history, behavior, and habits of sharks and their relatives. provides an introduction to the world ' s most significant shipwrecks and their lost cargoes and treasures. provides detailed information on human and animal skeletons, including their evolution, structure, and function. provides information on the history of space exploration and the daily life of astronauts. provides an introduction to the titanic, from its maiden voyage to its wreck on the ocean floor. provides an introduction to the world of trees, from tiny saplings to forest giants. online animated talking picture books for wee ones. entry topics include gods and goddesses ; heroes and other key characters ; motifs and global themes ; major myths ; and national or cultural mythologies. coverage spans a diversity of cultures, including standard greek / roman entries as well as native north and south american traditions, norse mythology, asian pacific mythology, judeo - christian tradition, and islamic and hindu mythologies. provides information on the world and lives of vikings. provides information on the inner workings of volcanoes and famous volcanic eruptions. provides detailed information on the world of whales. describes how they live, how they behave, how they look, and many other interesting facts. an international catalog of books, web resources, and other material catalogued by libraries worldwide. consists of over 41 million bibliographic records. when finished using this database, please log off by clicking on the blue exit link near the top - right of the screen.


by the humane society of america many diseases common to cats can be prevented in two ways : by keeping your cat indoors, and by having your cat vaccinated according to your veterinarian ' s advice. commonmore > > with children the most frequent victims of dog bites and dog bites accounting for 5 percent of emergency room victims, a national veterinary organization is offering tips for protecting yourself and your family. more > > we ' ll start with the basics : food and water, shelter, exercise, training, and veterinary care. and then we ' ll cover the other necessities. more > > you ' re in your car, heading somewhere or other, a long list of things to accomplish and already running late. suddenly, you see him — a dog, there, by the side of the road. with a sinking feeling, you realize he ' s alone. your car is coming alongside him now. you have only seconds in which to act. but what should you do? this is a wrenching scenario for all who care about animals. once you ' ve seen the dog ( or cat ), it ' s too late to avert your eyes and drive on, even if you wanted to. after all, what if your own dog or cat were standing there? so, before you pull over, good samaritan that you are, here are some guidelines for assisting animals safely and effectively. be ready to rescue. if you know in your heart that you ' re a rescuer, why not equip yourself to do the best possible job? here are some things to have in your car at all times : phone ; phone numbers of local animal control, a shelter, and a 24 - hour emergency veterinary clinic ; cat carrier or cardboard box ; collars and strong leashes for dogs ; heavy blanket ; water bowls and water ; strong - smelling foods, such as canned tuna or dried liver ; and an animal first - aid kit. think about your safety first. you cannot help an animal if you become injured yourself in the process. look in your rear - view mirror before braking, signal your intentions, pull your car completely off the road, turn off the ignition, set the parking brake, and put on your hazard lights. if you have emergency flares, prepare to use them. consider the safety of the animal. a strange, frightened, and possibly sick or injured animal may behave unpredictably. a sudden move on your part, even the opening of your car door, may spook him, causing him to


them. consider the safety of the animal. a strange, frightened, and possibly sick or injured animal may behave unpredictably. a sudden move on your part, even the opening of your car door, may spook him, causing him to bolt — possibly right onto the highway. if the animal looks or acts threatening, or if for any reason you feel uneasy about the situation, remain in your car. if possible, restrain the animal. create a barrier or use a carrier, leash, piece of cloth, or length of rope to keep the animal from leaving the area. signal approaching vehicles to slow down if you cannot confine the animal, or divert traffic around him if he appears to be injured and is still on the roadway. use caution when approaching the animal. should you succeed in getting close enough to capture him, you stand a good chance of being scratched or bitten. even a small animal can inflict a painful wound, and if you are bitten by a cat or dog whose vaccination status is unknown, you will be advised to undergo preventive treatment for rabies. when approaching the animal, speak calmly to reassure him. make sure he can see you at all times as you approach, and perhaps entice him to come to you by offering a strong - smelling food such as canned tuna or dried liver. try to lure an animal into your car with food, close the door, and wait for help. but do this only if you are certain someone will come to get the animal very soon. in most cases it is not a good idea to attempt to drive somewhere with a strange dog unrestrained in your car ; he may become frantic or aggressive once you ' re in the car with him. cats may do the same, as well as lodge themselves under the car seat, from which extracting them can be dangerous. if you ' re not able to safely restrain the animal, call the local police or animal control agency. do so whether or not the animal is injured, and whether or not he appears to be a stray or to be owned ( meaning he is wearing an identification tag or flea collar or has recently been groomed ). if you have a phone in your car, call the local animal care and control agency ( in rural areas, call the police or sheriff ) and report the situation. leave your phone or beeper number with the dispatcher and try to get an estimate of how long it may take someone to respond. if possible, stay on the scene to keep an eye on the dog or cat


sheriff ) and report the situation. leave your phone or beeper number with the dispatcher and try to get an estimate of how long it may take someone to respond. if possible, stay on the scene to keep an eye on the dog or cat until help arrives. make sure you report to authorities precisely where the animal is. for example, say " one mile north of livingston on highway 101 " or " between markers 65 and 66 on the new york state thruway. " if you are able to transport the animal, take him to the nearest animal shelter. or, if you plan to keep the animal in the event no owner is found, notify animal control that you have the animal or that you have taken him to a veterinary hospital for treatment. you usually can place a free " found " ad in your local newspaper. keep a copy of the id to prove your good intentions should any question arise later. to check on any relevant laws in your state, county, or town, contact your local animal control agency, humane society, or spca. many times, the dog or cat you find along the highway will turn out to be unowned, unwanted, and unclaimed. even so, the person finding the stray dog or cat does not automatically become the owner or keeper — as in " finders keepers " — until he has satisfied certain state and / or local requirements. in almost every state, the animal is not " owned " by the finder until the holding period for strays ( as specified by state or local laws ) has expired and the finder has made an attempt to reunite the animal with his original owner and / or has taken steps — obtaining vaccinations, license, collar and identification tag — to prove he is now the owner. don ' t assume you are dealing with an irresponsible owner. good samaritans who have never lost a cherished companion animal may conclude that the owner of the found dog or cat callously abandoned him or, at the very least, neglected to keep him safely confined at home. but accidents can happen to anyone. the frantic owner may be looking everywhere for their beloved pet. understand the limitations of animal care and control agencies. once you have taken the initiative, time, and trouble to rescue a dog or cat along the highway, you may be surprised to find that the rest of the pet care community may not necessarily rush forward to do what you see as its part. for, instance, you may take a badly injured stray dog to animal control


dog or cat along the highway, you may be surprised to find that the rest of the pet care community may not necessarily rush forward to do what you see as its part. for, instance, you may take a badly injured stray dog to animal control, only to learn that the agency is unable to provide expensive surgery to treat the dog ' s injuries and, to relieve him from his suffering, euthanizes him instead. a cat with relatively minor injuries may be kept for only the mandated stray holding period and then euthanized. virtually all animal control facilities have severe budgetary or space limitations and must make painful decisions on how best to allocate their inadequate resources. before you take an injured animal to a private veterinary hospital for treatment, be willing to assume financial responsibility for the animal before treatment begins. good care is not cheap, and many veterinarians have many samaritans in their waiting rooms every year. anyone who is committed to trying to save injured stray animals should discuss these issues in advance with the veterinarian. fortunately, some states have laws that allow the veterinarian to collect from a fund for treating unowned injured animals who have been presented to them by animal control or a good samaritan. if you ' re uncertain about whether or not to assist or keep an animal you see alongside the highway, here ' s a final word of advice : first, think of what you would want the finder of your animal to do if he happened to find him injured and his collar missing. you ' d want him to take your pet to a veterinarian, and you ' d want him to try to find you. at the same time, be reasonable about how much you can afford to do for that animal if no owner shows up. are you willing to add him to your household? and will you be willing to return him to his original home if the owner turns up after you ' ve started to form an attachment? thinking these issues through in advance may stand you in good stead the next time you see that wrenching sight at the side of a road.


hungry children cannot thrive. yet millions of kids in america are at risk of going hungry. hungry children are disadvantaged children. they can ’ t grow, develop and learn like other kids. they have trouble focusing and getting along. they complain often of headaches, stomachaches and other ailments. they fall behind in virtually every way. local business leaders were invited to explore the issue of childhood hunger and its impact on academic success thursday night in downtown jacksonville at an event organized by second harvest north florida. featured speakers were vicki escarra, president and ceo of feeding america, and dr. john cook, professor of pediatrics from boston university and the author of child food insecurity : the economic impact on our nation. “ this is an issue that will not go away, ” escarra told the crowd. “ it will be with us for some time. ” according to dr. cook ’ s report, released by feeding america in 2010, 20. 8 percent of children in florida are experiencing food insecurity. it reveals a 4. 9 percent increase in florida since 2008, which ranks the state as having the 10th highest rate of food insecurity in the united states for children under 18 years of age. that averages out to 1 in 5 children in florida who do not have enough access to meet basic needs at all times. nationally, 1 in 4 children are food insecure. “ there is no investment that has a higher rate of return than investing in children in the first five years of their lives, ” cook said. cook ’ s research shows that children who do not receive access to nutritious foods during their first five years suffer damage that affects brain development and subsequently their ability to learn. in 2008, statistics show that more than 16. 6 million children were living in a state of food insecurity – nearly 23 percent of all people affected nationwide. nutritional deficiencies from lack of access to healthy foods also can lead to poor health, stunted growth, obesity and energy deficits. numerous programs exist currently to address these critical needs – including government sponsored assistance programs like free and reduced school meals, food stamps and summer feeding programs. locally, second harvest north florida has three unique programs dedicated to child nutrition – kids cafe, backpack and summer feeding. all three programs make nutritious meals and snacks available to children from low - income homes where such resources might not otherwise be available. cook believes that expansion of these programs can begin to decrease the long - term effects of poor nutrition in children and their ability to learn


( rnn ) - tragic incidents at sweatshops around the world in recent months have caused some people to think more about how their clothing was made. fair trade and ethically - made products have enjoyed increased sales recently, although buying those products remains difficult for the majority of americans. in 2011, fair trade - certified sales increased by 63 percent in 2011, according to fair trade usa. worldwide, consumers spent $ 6. 6 billion worldwide on fair - trade - labeled food - a 12 percent increase over the previous year, according to fairtrade international. these numbers are small in comparison to the non - fair trade market, but they are growing. more awareness about poor working conditions and low wages in foreign countries is likely one of the main reasons people have been buying these products in greater numbers. a recent study by mit and harvard indicates people respond positively to products with labels that explain workers are paid fair wages and have good working conditions. in the study, some higher - end products with fair trade labels in banana republic factory outlet stores - where customers are usually visiting to find a bargain - sold 14 percent more than the same products without the label. according to elizabeth cline, author of " overdressed : the shockingly high cost of cheap fashion, " the clothing industry has been dominated by chain stores like walmart, target and forever 21, which operate by cutting prices as they cut choices. " these companies go around the world looking for places to produce clothes, wherever it ' s cheap, " cline said. " that ' s why they ' re in bangladesh, because bangladesh has the lowest garment worker wages in the world. and they have a very eager population because it ' s a very poor, very underdeveloped economy. so [ the companies ] are just going in there, exploiting cheap labor, and hooking us on a cycle of disposable consumption in order to make money. " not only does this model encourage dangerous working conditions, the quality of the products declines because they are not meant to last, cline said. the process has been referred to disparagingly as " fast fashion. " " the whole fashion industry works on the same system, which is just everybody churning out cheap, trendy clothes and selling them at a low price, " cline said. " they sell really cheaply made products and try to sell a lot of it. " even for people who would like to buy higher quality products made under good worker conditions, finding a place that doesn ' t use the " fast


cline said. " they sell really cheaply made products and try to sell a lot of it. " even for people who would like to buy higher quality products made under good worker conditions, finding a place that doesn ' t use the " fast fashion " model is not easy. this is a result of the consolidation of many department stores during the 1990s, which forced many smaller, independent businesses to close down. " it left this homogenous landscape, just like with food ; it became difficult to shop anywhere outside of chain stores, " cline said. but for shoppers who go online, it gets easier. at fair indigo, a website that sells fair trade clothing from india and peru, as well as union - made clothes from the u. s., 2012 holiday season sales rose 32 percent from the previous year. " people have written in to say how glad they are that they ' re able to buy from a place that is not exploiting the workers, " said robert behnke, co - founder of fair indigo. sales are up, but websites like fair indigo that sell ethically - made products still have a hard time getting the attention of casual buyers. " about half of our customers visit the site specifically for fair trade products, " behnke said. " but the other half just like the products and the extra story is a bonus. " behnke also said another result of " fast fashion " is the constant turnover of low - quality fashion items that " go out of style " after a few months. " in the apparel industry, there ' s a disposable mentality that ' s overwhelming right now, " behnke said. " clothes are getting cheaper and cheaper and promoted 50 to 70 percent off constantly and we are really focusing on trying to build quality items that last longer than one season. " cline and behnke are both optimistic that the clothing industry will develop more fair trade options by mimicking the food industry. " there ' s whole foods, which is somewhat of a chain store version of the locavore movement, and then farmers markets and locally - owned restaurants that produce local food, " cline said. " i think we ' ll see all of those things in the fashion industry. " copyright 2013 raycom news network. all rights reserved.


unicef : new study shows mdgs for children can be reached faster with focus on most disadvantaged 7 september 2010 | new york – the global community can save millions of lives by investing first in the most disadvantaged children and communities, according to a new unicef study released today. the new findings are presented in two publications : narrowing the gaps to meet the goals and progress for children : achieving the mdgs with equity, unicef ’ s signature data compendium. related links to the reports and site while great progress is being made in international efforts to meet the millennium development goals, much more needs to be done over the next five years. by comparing the effectiveness of different strategies for delivering critical health interventions to those in greatest need, the study found that targeting to the poorest and most disadvantaged children could save more lives per us $ 1 million spent than the current path. “ our findings challenge the traditional thinking that focusing on the poorest and most disadvantaged children is not cost - effective, ” said anthony lake, unicef ’ s executive director. “ an equity - focused strategy will yield not only a moral victory – right in principle – but an even more exciting one : right in practice. ” the study was undertaken in consultation with a range of outside experts, who described the main findings as both surprising and significant. “ the results of the unicef study made me think that the equity focus can be persuasive on an instrumental as well as a values basis, ” said lawrence haddad, director of the respected institute of development studies, sussex, author of the blog, development horizons, and a participant in the working group of outside experts who reviewed the study ’ s preliminary modeling. key findings of the unicef study include : - an equity - focused approach improves returns on investment, averting many more child and maternal deaths and episodes of stunting than the alternative. - using the equity approach, a us $ 1 million investment in reducing under - five deaths in a low - income, high - mortality country would avert an estimated 60 % more deaths than the current approach. - because national burdens of disease, ill health and illiteracy are concentrated in the most impoverished child populations, providing these children with essential services can greatly accelerate progress towards the mdgs and reduce disparities within nations. progress for children : meeting the mdgs with equity, unicef ’ s signature report on progress toward the mdgs, presents evidence of disparities across a range of key indicators, including between developing and industrial nations, between richest and poorest quintiles within nations, between rural


mdgs with equity, unicef ’ s signature report on progress toward the mdgs, presents evidence of disparities across a range of key indicators, including between developing and industrial nations, between richest and poorest quintiles within nations, between rural and urban populations, and between boys and girls. key data include : - children from the poorest 20 percent of households in the developing world are more than twice as likely to die before reaching their fifth birthdays as children from the richest 20 percent of households. - children in the poorest quintiles of their societies are more than twice as likely to be underweight and face a much greater risk of stunting compared to children from the richest quintiles. - despite great strides towards achieving gender parity in primary education over the past decade, girls and young women in developing regions remain at a considerable disadvantage in access to education, particularly at the secondary level. - of the 884 million people who lack access to improved drinking water sources, 84 per cent of them live in rural areas. the unicef reports are being released in conjunction with a report by save the children, " a fair chance at life : why equity matters for children, " which focuses on mdg 4, reducing under - 5 mortality by two thirds between 1990 and 2015. the save the children report examines the disparities in progress on child survival between the wealthy and less well - off in countries around the world. it asserts that reaching marginalized communities is the key to reducing inequities and achieving mdg 4. “ the millennium declaration was designed to improve the lives of the world ’ s most disadvantaged people, ” said lake. “ we believe this study ’ s findings can have a real effect on global thinking about how we are pursuing the mdgs, and about human development generally - - helping us to improve the lives of millions of vulnerable children. ” video footage and high resolution images will be available free of charge at www. thenewsmarket. com / unicef unicef is on the ground in over 150 countries and territories to help children survive and thrive, from early childhood through adolescence. the world ’ s largest provider of vaccines for developing countries, unicef supports child health and nutrition, good water and sanitation, quality basic education for all boys and girls, and the protection of children from violence, exploitation, and aids. unicef is funded entirely by the voluntary contributions of individuals, businesses, foundations and governments. for more information about unicef and its work visit : www. unicef. org for further information, to arrange an interview


comparing groups : randomization and bootstrap methods using r june 2011, ©2011 computing has become an essential part of the day - to - day practice of statistical work, broadening the types of questions that can now be addressed by research scientists applying newly derived data analytic techniques. comparing groups : randomization and bootstrap methods using r emphasizes the direct link between scientific research questions and data analysis. rather than relying on mathematical calculations, this book focus on conceptual explanations and the use of statistical computing in an effort to guide readers through the integration of design, statistical methodology, and computation to answer specific research questions regarding group differences. utilizing the widely - used, freely accessible r software, the authors introduce a modern approach to promote methods that provide a more complete understanding of statistical concepts. following an introduction to r, each chapter is driven by a research question, and empirical data analysis is used to provide answers to that question. these examples are data - driven inquiries that promote interaction between statistical methods and ideas and computer application. computer code and output are interwoven in the book to illustrate exactly how each analysis is carried out and how output is interpreted. additional topical coverage includes : - data exploration of one variable and multivariate data - comparing two groups and many groups - permutation tests, randomization tests, and the independent samples t - test - bootstrap tests and bootstrap intervals - interval estimates and effect sizes throughout the book, the authors incorporate data from real - world research studies as well aschapter problems that provide a platform to perform data analyses. a related web site features a complete collection of the book ' s datasets along with the accompanying codebooks and the r script files and commands, allowing readers to reproduce the presented output and plots. comparing groups : randomization and bootstrap methods using r is an excellent book for upper - undergraduate and graduate level courses on statistical methods, particularlyin the educational and behavioral sciences. the book also serves as a valuable resource for researchers who need a practical guide to modern data analytic and computational methods. list of tables. 1. an introduction to r. 1. 1 getting started. 1. 2 arithmetic : r as a calculator. 1. 3 computations in r : functions. 1. 4 connecting computations. 1. 5 data structures : vectors. 1. 6 getting help. 1. 7 alternative ways to run r. 1. 8 extension : matrices and matrix operations. 1. 9 further reading. 2. data representation and preparation. 2. 1 tabular data


5 data structures : vectors. 1. 6 getting help. 1. 7 alternative ways to run r. 1. 8 extension : matrices and matrix operations. 1. 9 further reading. 2. data representation and preparation. 2. 1 tabular data. 2. 2 data entry. 2. 3 reading delimited data into r. 2. 4 data structure : data frames. 2. 5 recording syntax using script files. 2. 6 simple graphing in r. 2. 7 extension : logical expressions and graphs for categorical variables. 2. 8 further reading. 3. data exploration : one variable. 3. 1 reading in the data. 3. 2 non - parametric density estimation. 3. 3 summarizing the findings. 3. 4 extension : variability bands for kernel densities. 3. 5 further reading. 4. exploration of multivariate data : comparing two groups. 4. 1 graphically summarizing the marginal distribution. 4. 2 graphically summarizing conditional distributions. 4. 4 numerical summaries of data : estimates of the population parameters. 4. 4 summarizing the findings. 4. 5 extension : robust estimation. 4. 6 further reading. 5. exploration of multivariate data : comparing many groups. 5. 1 graphing many conditional distributions. 5. 2 numerically summarizing the data. 5. 3 summarizing the findings. 5. 4 examining distributions conditional on multiple variables. 5. 5 extension : conditioning on continuous variables. 5. 6 further reading. 6. randomization & permutation tests. 6. 1 randomized experimental research. 6. 2 an introduction to the randomization test. 6. 3 randomization tests with large samples : monte carlo simulation. 6. 4 validity of the inferences and conclusions drawn from a randomization test. 6. 5 generalization from the randomization results. 6. 6 summarizing the results for publication. 6. 7 extension : test of the variance. 7. bootstrap tests. 7. 1 educational achievement of latino immigrants. 7. 2 probability models : an interlude. 7. 3 theoretical probability models in r. 7. 4 parametric bootstrap tests. 7. 5 the parametric bootstrap. 7. 6 implementing the parametric bootstrap in r. 7. 7 summarizing the results of the parametric bootstrap test. 7. 8 nonparametric bootstrap tests. 7. 9 summarizing the results for the nonparametric boots


parametric bootstrap in r. 7. 7 summarizing the results of the parametric bootstrap test. 7. 8 nonparametric bootstrap tests. 7. 9 summarizing the results for the nonparametric bootstrap test. 7. 10 bootstrapping using a pivot statistic. 7. 11 independence assumption for the bootstrap methods. 7. 12 extension : testing functions. 7. 13 further reading. 8. philosophical considerations. 8. 1 the randomization test vs. the bootstrap test. 8. 2 philosophical frameworks of classical inference. 9. bootstrap intervals and effect sizes. 9. 1 educational achievement among latino immigrants : example revisited. 9. 2 plausible models to reproduce the observed result. 9. 3 bootstrapping using an alternative model. 9. 4 interpretation of the interval estimate. 9. 5 adjusted bootstrap intervals. 9. 6 standardized effect size : quantifying the group differences in a common metric. 9. 7 summarizing the results. 9. 8 extension : bootstrapping the confidence envelope for a q - q plot. 9. 9 confidence envelopes. 9. 10 further reading. 10. dependent samples. 10. 1 matching : reducing the likelihood of non - equivalent groups. 10. 2 mathematics achievement study design. 10. 3 randomization / permutation test for dependent samples. 10. 4 effect size. 10. 5 summarizing the results of a dependent samples test for publication. 10. 6 to match or not to match : that is the question. 10. 7 extension : block bootstrap. 10. 8 further reading. 11. planned contrasts. 11. 1 planned comparisons. 11. 2 examination of weight loss conditioned on diet. 11. 3 from research questions to hypotheses. 11. 4 statistical contrasts. 11. 5 computing the estimated contrasts using the observed data. 11. 6 testing contrasts : randomization test. 11. 7 strength of association : a measure of effect. 11. 8 contrast sum of squares. 11. 9 eta - squared for contrasts. 11. 10 bootstrap interval for eta - squared. 11. 11 summarizing the results of a planned contrast test analysis. 11. 12 extension : orthogonal contrasts. 11. 13 further reading. 12. unplanned contrasts. 12. 1 unplanned comparisons. 12. 2 examination of weight loss conditioned on diet. 12. 3 omnibus test. 12. 4 group comparisons after the omnibus test


. 11. 13 further reading. 12. unplanned contrasts. 12. 1 unplanned comparisons. 12. 2 examination of weight loss conditioned on diet. 12. 3 omnibus test. 12. 4 group comparisons after the omnibus test. 12. 5 ensemble - adjusted p - values. 12. 6 strengths and limitations of the four approaches. 12. 7 summarizing the results of unplanned contrast tests for publication. 12. 8 extension : plots of the unplanned contrasts. 12. 9 further reading. jeffrey r. harring, phd, is assistant professor in the department of measurement, statistics, and evaluation at the university of maryland. dr. harring currently focuses his research on statistical models for repeated measures data and nonlinear structural equation models. jeffrey d. long, phd, is professor of psychiatry in the carver college of medicine at the university of iowa and head statistician for neurobiological predictors of huntington ' s disease ( predict - hd ), a longitudinal nih - funded study of early detection of huntington ' s disease. his interests include the analysis of longitudinal and time - to - event data and ordinal data. “ the three authors of this book have a deep understanding of research methods and statistics and provide great value in this book for students of this subject and readers interested in it. ” ( biz india, 8 may 2012 )


imagine holding in your hands a piece of the rope used to hang the man who assassinated president james a. garfield in 1882. or a handwritten letter ephraim williams ’ sister wrote after his death in 1755, describing her brother ’ s wounds in great detail and decrying the french and indian war. in the williams college museum of art ’ s rose study gallery this month, the students in professor patrick spero ’ s “ north american history ” survey course got to do just that. as they considered these primary sources gathered from the college ’ s archives, the history the students had been learning all semester came vividly to life. spero invited jason kittler, a teaching doctor affiliated with the university of massachusetts, to offer a medical perspective on the historical materials and the museum portraits of a revolutionary war soldier, a conquistador, and an american president that were on view in the rose gallery. considering a 1626 portrait called “ a knight of santiago, ” kittler prompted students to suggest what might have caused the man ’ s slight wall eye and need to wear spectacles. history major jay gurney ’ 13 suggested syphilis, a possibility spero affirmed as having “ traveled to europe, affecting everyone from the lowest to the highest classes. ” in a reference book from 1710 from the chapin library of rare books called “ a family dictionary, ” spero ’ s students found recipes for both pain medication and chicken stew. “ people didn ’ t have hundreds of books in their houses, ” said kittler, who has experience explaining — usually to medical school students — the medical knowledge of a time period based on its historical artifacts. why use primary sources to understand medical history? it provides a window into the lives, and lifestyles, of the people who came before. “ letters from this time period always open with how the writer is feeling, ” spero said, holding up an example sheathed in a protective plastic sleeve. “ and they ’ re always feeling bad. that is the most fundamental difference between our lives and those of the people in the 18th and 19th century. ” reflecting on this multifaceted approach to learning, rudi yniguez ’ 16 said, “ today ’ s class reminds me why this school is so spectacular and why i love learning. ” to learn more about the archives collections visit http : / / archives. williams. edu / to learn more about the chapin library collections, visit http : / / chapin. williams. edu / index. html to learn more about the williams college


learn something new every day more info... by email determining the commonality of sexual harassment of men can be difficult due to the fact that men are fairly unlikely to report sexual harassment. research has shown that women are more likely to report sexual harassment than men are, though in general it does seem that women are also the targets of sexual harassment more often than men as well. sexual harassment of men does occur with some regularity, perpetrated both by other men and by women. reported cases of such harassment have increased dramatically over time, however, and the amount of harassment incidents reported by men increased greatly between 1992 and 2009. sexual harassment of men refers to acts of harassment in which men are the target. this can occur in a number of different environments, though sexual harassment in the workplace is one of the primary forms of sexual harassment men may endure. both male and female employees can be responsible for sexual harassment of men, and while many depictions of harassment demonstrate managers or those in power as the perpetrators of such actions, it is just as possible for a co - worker to commit sexual harassment. sexual harassment consists of actions, words, and images that are sexual in nature and are used by one person to make another person feel threatened or unnecessarily distressed. determining just how common sexual harassment of men is can be fairly difficult, however, since many cases of harassment are never reported. while a great deal of effort during the latter half of the 20th century was put into ensuring women would feel comfortable reporting sexual harassment, men were often unrepresented as potential victims. this has led to many men feeling ashamed or embarrassed to report sexual harassment, though far too many women still feel this way as well. since only reported cases of sexual harassment of men can be included in any study of such cases, it can therefore be rather difficult to have accurate incident counts. from those cases of sexual harassment of men that have been reported, however, it would seem that such harassment has either become more common or is more commonly reported. in 1992, the us equal employment opportunity commission ( eeoc ) had just over 10, 500 reported cases of sexual harassment, and men made up only 9. 1 % of those cases. by 2010, the eeoc had just over 11, 700 reports of sexual harassment, but sexual harassment of men caused more than 16 % of those reports. the reason for this increase is difficult to determine, however, since it could represent higher numbers of harassment incidents or an increased willingness to report such incidents, or a combination of both possibilities


weekly hours and overtime what is the regular work week? it ' s 8 hours a day, 40 hours a week. ( note : if you belong to a union, check your collective agreement. you might have better hours of work and overtime provisions than the minimum protections found in the law. ) are there limits to the number of hours my boss can make me work? the maximum is 10 hours a day, 60 hours a week. youth ( under 17 ) are not allowed to work between 11 : 00pm and 6 : 00am without written approval of an employment standards officer. do i get a break? your boss has to give you a ½ - hour break after you work 5 hours in a row. do i get days off? unless a permit says otherwise, every worker is entitled to one day off in a week and that day should be sunday where practical. are there any exceptions to these hours of work? a labour standards officer can issue a permit to vary the hours of work under the following circumstances. ( the permit must specify when overtime kicks in. ) - you and your boss can ask that you be allowed to work more than the standard 8 hours a day and fewer days a week. - if you work in an industry that can ' t operate regularly within the standard 8 - hour day, the standard and maximum hours of work can be averaged over a period of one or more weeks. - the maximum hours of work can be surpassed if you work in a seasonal industry, or one where the work happens at intervals. - if there are exceptional circumstances to justify longer hours, then employers can go beyond the maximum hours of work. employers can also go above the maximum hours without a permit if there ' s an emergency such as an accident, urgent work needed on equipment or the plant, or unforeseen circumstances. but this is only to prevent serious disruption to normal operations. how much am i paid for working overtime? you are paid 1. 5 times your normal rate of pay for ever hour you works over 8 hours in a day or 60 hours in a week. how is overtime calculated? overtime is based on your hourly wage. if you work on a basis other than hourly wage, overtime is at least minimum wage per hour. can i refuse to work overtime? no. the law does not give workers this right. are any workers excluded from these laws? domestic workers working in the home where their employer normal resides and students on work programs.


was to celebrate the world sexual health day in september 4th 2013 and the world congress of sexual health in porto alegre - brazil september 21 - 24, 2013 in 2010, the world association for sexual health ( was ) called all their organizations to celebrate, on each september 4th, world sexual health day in an effort to promote a greater social awareness on sexual health across the globe. the first world sexual health day was celebrated with the slogan “ let ’ s talk about it! ” to start breaking fears and taboos surrounding sexuality. the topic of wshd 2010 was addressed in different forums, many of which were intergenerational discussions. world sexual health day 2011 focused on youth sexual health with the slogan “ youth ’ s sexual health : shared rights and responsibilities ”. the topic of wshd was a consequence of the creation of the was youth initiative and in the context of the international year of youth proclaimed by united nations. within was, the different members of the advisory committee and the youth initiative committee celebrated the day by organizing a wide range of activities in their home countries, from round tables of discussion to conferences and art exhibitions. the focus of world sexual health day 2012 was diversity and minorities, with the slogan “ in a diverse world, sexual health for all! ” around the world, activities to commemorate wshd 2012 made visible the realities of population groups such as : elders, transgender people, people living with disabilities, immigrants. this year ’ s slogan for wshd “ to achieve sexual health, picture yourself owning your sexual rights ” aims to constitute a reminder on the fundamental importance that sexual rights have in order to achieve sexual health. we invite everyone to imagine, to picture themselves owning their sexual rights! also the 21th world congress of was will be celebrated this year. what follows is the letter of the president of was inviting to our most important meeting : it is a great personal pleasure to invite you and to welcome you to latin america and to brazil where the world association for sexual health will convene our 21st biannual congress. sexual health is pivotal to the well being and safety of everyone on our planet and our congress will ensure that the diversity of positive and healthy sexual experience has prominent expression throughout. the theme has been selected by the local team and resonates as crucial for so many of us – sexual issues straight from the heart. what this may mean to you will probably be different to the next person to read this invitation letter but there will almost certainly be some common factor that bonds each of you by building bridges across the


so many of us – sexual issues straight from the heart. what this may mean to you will probably be different to the next person to read this invitation letter but there will almost certainly be some common factor that bonds each of you by building bridges across the whole of the sexual health community. whatever your discipline and your understanding of our 2013 theme, i am certain that there will be much in common with fellow delegates and that this congress will be a great opportunity to share our experiences with generosity and through collegial interaction. i hope that during these most difficult times around the globe that you will find the space and resources to be able to participate in one of the most important sexual health meetings in 2013. please join your colleagues in porto alegre and participate at the was congress in 2013. president of the was the world association for sexual health ( was ) since 1978 was has been the pre - eminent global organization concerned with sexual health and rights. our membership represents thousands of experienced & trainee sexologists from a variety of disciplines. with bi - annual congresses held in different regions of the world, was has facilitated sexual health through education, health promotion and networking for three decades. in recent years, the was constituency has become involved in advocating for changes in public policy to recognize sexual health and rights as key ingredients in overall health and social justice. financial support from individuals, foundations, corporations, and governments has sustained this work around the world. was works to promote sexual health for all. sexual health is a goal not only for clinicians. it is the common goal of many disciplines. sexuality education is meant to facilitate sexually healthy lives for the learners. interventions in clinical sexology have the goal of restoring sexual health. sex research, although objectively driven, has as its justification the creation of evidence - based knowledge that supports others to attain and maintain sexual health. the world association for sexual health is a membership organization of individual supporting members and organizations. among the organizations are regional, international, national, and academic bodies that work in sexology. member benefits include a subscription to the international journal of sexual health, and access to the members - only forum on this website. to begin the application process, click below. - sexual rights


jammu holiday weather overview jammu, the northernmost part of india, experiences a subtropical climate that features two major seasons, a very hot summer and a chilly winter. during the summer months, temperature in jammu climbs to high thirties as june the hottest month of the year experiences around 45°c of average high. although the season gets a great level of rainfall, it hardly helps reduce the heat. on the other hand, winter remains chilly for the visitors. temperature often drops to 4°c while the high may fluctuates between 14 - 18°c. snowfall is very much common during the winter months. jammu, the northernmost part of india, enjoys a subtropical climate with two major seasons, a mild hot summer and a very cold winter. during the summer months, from may till september, the average high temperature in jammu climbs to high twenties while the low temperature fluctuates between 15°c and 20°c. june is considered as the hottest month of the year when jammu experiences more than 34°c of average high. moreover, the season gets abundant of rainfall that often helps reduce the heat. however, as the season progresses towards the next season temperature in jammu drops gradually. winter, on the other hand, remains chilly for the people with the average low of 7°c. during this period, september till march, the average high temperature fluctuates between14°c and18°c. january, the coldest month of the year, gets not more than 4°c of average low while the high stands at 10°c to 8°c. snowfall is a common feature of the winter months. people from all over the world prefer the season to visit this stunning region of india to the summer months.


wsdot cultural resource specialists help the agency comply with state and federal cultural resource laws that apply to : - historic structures - culturally important areas transportation projects and archaeological / historic resources management washington state has a rich and diverse prehistory / history that have left evidence across the landscape. when wsdot embarks on a project, federal and state laws require that impacts to archaeological, historical and cultural resources be considered. to assess potential impacts, cultural resource specialists : - coordinate with the washington state department of archaeology and historic preservation ( dahp ) to complete transportation projects with limited impacts to archaeological and historic resources. - identify archaeological remains and historic structures eligible for listing on the national register of historic places located within a project ' s area of disturbance. - consult with the state historic preservation officer ( dahp ), native american tribes, and the public concerning the appropriate treatment of archaeological and historic resources that cannot be otherwise avoided. for more information on how wsdot complies with historic preservation laws, regulations, and polices, visit the cultural resources compliance page. creative mitigation efforts it is wsdot policy to avoid adverse effects, where practical, to historical, archaeological, and cultural resources in planning, constructing, operating or maintaining the state ' s transportation system. if it is not practical to avoid them, such effects will be mitigated. a sample of creative mitigation options developed for various wsdot projects are provided below : gee creek archaeological site - i - 5 / sr 502 project | lacey v. murrow ( " the skipper " ) held the position of director of the washington state department of highways ( 1933 - 1940 ) and chief engineer of the washington toll bridge authority ( 1937 - 1940 ). appointed at age 28, murrow is the youngest person to ever hold the director ' s position. notable projects include : | this documentary outlines the life and career achievements of one of our state ' s most influential figures in transportation history. - tacoma narrows suspension bridge ( galloping gertie ) - deception pass bridge - lake washington floating bridge, the first concrete pontoon floating bridge in the world built on lake washington ( later dedicated as the lacey v. murrow memorial bridge ). remembering the ebey slough swing bridge, sr 529 ( wmv file ) the simpson avenue bridge : a case study in maintenance success, us 101 ( wmv file ) they called him ' the skipper ' ; the life and times of washington ' s lacey v. murrow ( wmv file ) the manette


the simpson avenue bridge : a case study in maintenance success, us 101 ( wmv file ) they called him ' the skipper ' ; the life and times of washington ' s lacey v. murrow ( wmv file ) the manette bridge : bringing people together for 81 years, 1930 - 2011, sr 303 ( wmv file ) - pod casts - archival photo documentation - lesson plans ( grade k - 12 ) - historical essays for journal publications and cyberpedias i - 5 nuclear fallout shelter - " waiting for the the end of the world : prototype fallout shelter under interstate 5 in north seattle " by craig holstine, wsdot historian, appearing in the journal of northwest anthropology - information centers for the public sr 16 tacoma narrows bridge project - bridge history hood canal bridge - port angeles graving dock gee creek archaeological site - i - 5 / sr 502 project washington state historic bridges mcmillin bridge, 1934 a national register listed historic bridge of significant and rare architectural style. visit the wsdot historic bridges site to view highlights of washington ' s most significant transportation structures. pacific northwest ethnobotany the ethnobotany and cultural resources list identifies plants found along the highway right - of - way in western washington of traditional cultural significance and use. cultural resources training ( crt ) each spring, wsdot partners with the department of archaeology and historic preservation and washington state parks and recreation commission to offer a multi - day cultural resources training ( crt ) at central washington university in ellensburg, washington. crt promotes awareness, preservation and stewardship of washington ’ s cultural resources and is the only comprehensive training of this kind in the state. enrollment is open to anyone with a need or desire to learn about cultural resources, cultural resource management laws and regulations, and the importance of preservation. | | training participants will explore historic and archaeological sites in the kittitas valley and columbia river gorge. | | historic homestead cabin at olmstead place state park in kittitas county. using classroom and field exercises, participants work with some of the region ' s most qualified instructors to learn the skills necessary to address cultural resource management issues. this award - winning training is held only once a year and space is limited. 2014 cultural resources training when : spring 2014 where : central washington university, ellensburg, washington - check back for information on registration for spring 2014. wsdot staff interested in attending may contact erin littauer, cultural resource specialist at 360. 570. 2448 or email @ example


natural areas and rangelands native pollinators clearly help with crop pollination, yet many agricultural areas lack the habitat necessary to support native pollinators. proximity to natural or semi - natural land is often an important predictor of pollinator diversity in cropland. for agricultural areas that have lost native pollinators due to habitat modification or pesticide treatments, adjacent natural areas provide two valuable benefits. first, they are a source of pollinators for crop pollination. second, they act as refugia for pollinators that can recolonize degraded agricultural areas. pollinator habitat management management tools, such as grazing, fire, and mowing, can be used in a manner that benefits pollinators. the use of insecticides and herbicides can be harmful to pollinators ; if they must be used, there are a few considerations to minimize their impact on pollinators. read through below for more information and resources. consider timing, duration and intensity a diverse pollinator population requires adequate nectar and pollen sources from early spring to early fall, which makes seasonal timing a key consideration for an effective grazing plan. management should be adjusted to maintain the majority of the floral resources throughout the seasons. also, grazing should be avoided when butterfly larvae or adults are active, as it can result in direct mortality. grazing periods should be short to allow for adequate recovery of the habitat. herd sizes should be moderate to light. consider scale and refugia while prescribed burning has a role to play in long - term maintenance of pollinator habitat, it can also have catastrophic impacts on pollinators. to minimize negative impacts, a single fire should not burn an entire area of pollinator habitat. ideally, a program of rotational burning in which small sections — 30 percent of a site or less — are burned every few years will ensure adequate colonization potential and refugia for insects. consider technique, timing and scale mowing can cause direct insect mortality, especially for egg or larval stages that can ’ t avoid a mower. ideally, mowing should occur in the fall or winter when flowers have died or are dormant. mowing a mosaic of patches over several years is better than mowing an entire site all at once ; no single area should be moved more than once a year. consider application method and active ingredients while herbicides can be an important management tool, broadcast applications of non - selective herbicides can reduce important floral resources. to avoid herbicide damage to nontarget plants and associated pollinators, avoid broadcast spraying or pe


application method and active ingredients while herbicides can be an important management tool, broadcast applications of non - selective herbicides can reduce important floral resources. to avoid herbicide damage to nontarget plants and associated pollinators, avoid broadcast spraying or pellet dispersal, which may kill large numbers of larval hostplants or adult forage plants. instead, spot treat with a backpack sprayer, allowing for selective control. consider application method, product formulation, and timing insecticides used on forests, rangelands and farms can severely impact pollinator populations. in situations where insecticides must be used, it is best to avoid spraying when flowers are in bloom. choose less harmful formulations — in general dusts and microencapsulated insecticides are the most dangerous formulations for bees, and aerial spraying is the most harmful method of application. sprayed solutions and large granules tend to be less harmful to pollinators. pay attention to the potential presence of butterfly hostplants in the management area and avoid spraying them. oregon state university, washington state university and the university of idaho extension have developed a comprehensive guide, available as a pdf : how to reduce bee poisoning from pesticides. natural area guidelines this primer provides a summary of how land and wildlife managers can account for the habitat needs of pollinators. this 8 - page booklet provides a series of recommendations for land managers on how tools such as fire, grazing, mowing, herbicides, and insecticides can be adjusted to benefit pollinators. click here to download the pdf. rangeland magazine : special issue on pollinators this issue of rangelands magazine focuses on pollinators and features articles from xerces. click here to download the pdf. yolo natural heritage program ( ncp / nccp ) pollinator conservation strategy written by xerces society scientists, this first - of - its - kind conservation strategy summarizes the threats facing native bees and identifies conservation measures that can be taken within diverse landscapes, including agriculture, grasslands, woodlands, shrubland, riparian, and urban. click here to download the pdf.


greetings bob and louis, bob, i am glad my previous post was useful. good luck with your explorations. louis, thanks you for your information about the alternate graph for " he2. " although i read the daodejing some time ago, i do not recall the more complicated " he2 " character from there. i think i recall it only from reading the phrase zong4heng2bai3he2 ( ×yºaþaaø ) in discussions of the warring states period. i am not sure about the origin of this phrase, but wenlin software translates it as : " maneuver among various political groupings. " from this, i presumed it related to he2zong4lian2heng2 ( ºi×ya¬ºa ), and thus referred to the various " vertical " and " horizontal " coalitions in the warring states period. although different characters are used for " he2, " the meanings and context seem similar. in " zhonghengbaihe, " " bai " and " he " appear to be opposites, meaning " separating " and " uniting. " this recalls for me the english phrase " divide and conquer. " in " hezhonglianheng, " " he " and " lian " appear to be complementary, implying " uniting into a greater whole " versus " linking up " with the dominant power. for those unfamiliar with some of the details of the warring states period, i should say that during this period, various states in china were fighting for supremacy and beginning to gobble each other up. as the state of qin began to become dominant, the other six or so remaining powerful states were faced with the choice of allying with each other in face of the common threat or siding with qin to enjoy the benefits of its victories. various military experts ( like the sunzi that wrote the art of war went from state to state advocating different approaches. eventually qin did win under china ' s first emperor. louis, you make allusions to earlier uses of kai / he, but only elaborate on the " he " element. do you have more information about what the compound as a whole might have referred to? < font face = " verdana, arial " size = " 2 " > traditional chinese medicine described ¡ °opening functions ¡ ± and ¡ °closing functions ¡ ± of the organ systems using these graphs < / font > do you have more information about these functions? i presume somthing like the image of


> traditional chinese medicine described ¡ °opening functions ¡ ± and ¡ °closing functions ¡ ± of the organ systems using these graphs < / font > do you have more information about these functions? i presume somthing like the image of the contractions of the heart, but am not sure if this is what is meant. i did some google searches, but came up with sites with so much jargon that my poor chinese skills could not figure out what was what. the " kaihe " reference in both the daodejing and the art of war both seem to mean " opening the door, " without any reference to " closing. " how should we relate this to the yin - yang polarity of tai chi ' s use of " kai " and " he " as correlative pairs? would you really see this as one of the sources of tai chi ' s use of " kaihe "? if " kaihe " in the daodejing " means " opening the door, " then the text leads us to associate this with " being female " ( perhaps as a reference to the birth canal? ) and with the yin aspect of things. but this seems to contradict sun lutang ' s view of opening as yang. do you have any information on what is meant by " heaven ' s gate " to help judge what the phrase means and whether it means " opening and closing " or just " opening "? the " kaihe " of the art of war seems to refer to a tactical mistake, i. e., giving the enemy an opening. i find this hard to relate to what sun lutang refers to, which is again a polarity that is inherently neutral. any ideas on how to do this?


yenka science with electronics is a highly interactive virtual lab, which lets you model physics and chemistry experiments safely and easily. simulate experiments however you wish : design circuits and optical systems, model reactions using over 100 different chemicals, investigate wave propogation or accelerate masses. poweful graph tools let you follow your experiments ' progress. it can be used as a flexible demonstration tool - for example, on a whiteboard. alternatively, students can use yenka themselves, to investigate concepts in yenka ' s safe, accurate world. and teachers and students can all use the full version of yenka science at home, free of charge. yenka science with electronics covers these areas : - electronic design - design circuits using over 100 types of digital and analog component. - light and sound - experiment with sound, water and light waves, and ray diagrams. - force and motion - investigate projectiles, oscillations, gravity and motion. - electricity and magnetism - simulate power generation and transmission, and analogue electrical circuits. - inorganic and physical chemistry - model experiments using a wide range of chemicals, equipment and glassware, graphing data as your simulations run. - electrochemistry - investigate electrolysis, electroplating and cells, choosing from a range of metal or carbon electrodes, and 28 different electrolytes. if you don ' t teach electronics in your science lessons, you could save money by buying yenka science. and you can also buy yenka physics or yenka chemistry individually, which together make up yenka science.


( 1823 / 26 – 1883 ), yiddish and hebrew poet ; maskil. known as the singer and troubadour of the jews of romania, benjamin wolf ehrenkranz was born in zbaraz ( in austrian galicia ) and received a traditional education. under the influence of friends from tarnopol, he embraced the haskalah movement. although ehrenkranz was married at age 18 to the daughter of a hasid from his native town, his father - in - law took note of the poet ’ s irreverent behavior and satiric writings, and forced him to divorce his wife notwithstanding her opposition. ehrenkranz left for czernowitz, where he became quite well known among local jews, and subsequently left for moldova to work as a tutor. there he began to write yiddish poetry, occasionally translating or recomposing his works into hebrew. ehrenkranz made his literary debut in 1848 with a poem in hebrew that was published in the maskilic periodical kokhve yitshak ( vienna ). after failing in business in botosani, he associated with jewish craft workers who spent their spare time in local taverns. there he recited his poems in yiddish, sometimes using improvised tunes. having discovered his singing gift, he began to earn a living known as reb velvl, the singer of zbaraz ( velvl zbarzher ). wealthy jews invited him to perform at weddings and other celebrations. always in search of new audiences, ehrenkranz traveled, stopping in cities and towns with significant jewish populations, including mihaileni, botosani, iasi, piatra neamt, galati, braila, and bucharest. he even went as far as russia and austria. after an extended and rowdy period in vienna, he was apparently forced to flee his creditors. joining his lover “ malkale, ” ehrenkranz ultimately settled in istanbul, where he spent the rest of his life. the themes of ehrenkranz ’ s poems, which show the influence of jewish and romanian folklore, include nature, love, personal suffering, and nostalgia. some of his poems satirize hasidic rebbes and their followers. many sympathetically depict the life of average romanian jews. ehrenkranz ’ s yiddish included romanian words and resembled the yiddish spoken in the vernacular in his country. ehrenkranz ’ s first volume of poetry, hazon le - mo ‘ ed ( the time


the life of average romanian jews. ehrenkranz ’ s yiddish included romanian words and resembled the yiddish spoken in the vernacular in his country. ehrenkranz ’ s first volume of poetry, hazon le - mo ‘ ed ( the time hasn ’ t yet arrived ; 1855 ) was bilingual ( hebrew and yiddish ) and included anti - hasidic pieces. another bilingual work, makel no ‘ am ( the stick that touches lightly ; 4 vols., 1865 – 1878 ), contained poems on aspects of jewish life. he also published a volume of anti - hasidic poems titled makel hovlim ( the stick that hits ; 1869 ) in both languages, and a collection of hebrew poems called sefati yeshanah ( my language is old ; 1874 ). some of ehrenkranz ’ s works stemmed from the sufferings of jews in romania. he reflected on pogroms in the town of galati in the yiddish poem “ geshikhte fun galats ” ( history of galati ; 1859 ). in 1874, he published the hebrew poem “ romanyah ” in the shahar review as well as in a booklet entitled romanyah, zeh sefer toldot romanyah le - herpat ‘ olam ( romania, this is a book of the history of romania for eternal shame ). this piece exposed antisemitic persecution in romania and led to the author ’ s banishment from the country. some of his letters were printed posthumously by bernhard wachstein ( 1928 ), who also published a selection of ehrenkranz ’ s poems ( 1938 ). shlomo bickel, yahadut romanyah : historyah, bikoret sifrutit, zikhronot ( tel aviv, 1978 ), pp. 63 – 74 ; benjamin wolf ehrenkranz ( binyomen volf erenkrants ), velvele zbarezhers briv zu zayn bruder meyer : loyt di originaln fun der bibliotek fun der yidisher kehile in vin, ed. bernhard wachstein ( vilna, 1928 ), also in filologishe shriftn 2 ( 1928 ) : 1 – 42 ; yitshak korn, yidish in rumenye ( tel aviv, 1989 ), pp. 85 – 124, 258 – 259 ; meir weissberg, welwel zbarazer, der fahrende singer des galizisch ju


topic : safe water surface water should be treated by boiling it to rid it of germs and parasites and some pollutants. waterborne diseases can be deadly, and emergencies can occur suddenly. a filter such as katadyn, aquapure, pur plus, brittas, amway, or pentapure, or a pre - filter or lead trap can help, along with a systematic approach to the problem. reportedly, a home - made filter can be constructed. ultraviolet as in sunlight, ozone, oxygen, and electricity also kills germs. an battery operated uv light such as steripen can be constructed. chlorine has its pros and cons, but standing removes it. wine treated water from wooden barrels kills bacteria. containers for storing water, perhaps in bulk, can leach. hard plastic and metal are best, though soft plastic reportedly works, but copper can cause problems. reverse osmosis purifies water. drinking salt water such as seawater can be extremely dangerous, as are other bad options, but urine is potable. a water cone uses the heat from the sun to distill water. water polluted with volcanic ash or forest fire ash or doe dump sites can be dangerous, so distilling drinking water is advised. distillation also removes arsenic and lead from ground water. a distillation process is a simple process involving making steam. methods include an open teapot and close teapot and coil exchange and full exchange to reduce hydrocarbon. another method is a pressure cooker with parts list and bucket collection, with steam cautions. non - steam methods like an umbrella tent or cotton cloth are also effective. best method is the stacked pot with two pots and a pie pan with optional small parts and simple assembly. this method can be purchased from sustainable village, already assembled. water quality can also be tested. all myths debunked, distillation can have a vacuum assist and use multiple heat sources. a solar distiller uses heat from sunlight. one can allow low boiling point pollutants such as hydrocarbons to escape. commercial distillers are available, including separators. even the ancients had distillers, and seawater can be distilled using only the heat of the day. energy efficient methods for purifying brackish water are available, with detailed instruction on a pdf file. a misc. survivalism ftp covers the issues but presumes a short term crisis.


dark crater rims these mosaic images from nasa ' s dawn mission show how dark, carbon - rich materials tend to speckle the rims of smaller craters or their immediate surroundings on the giant asteroid vesta. the image on the left is numisia crater and the image on the right is a shallow, unnamed crater in the sextilia quadrangle. the left - hand image was obtained by dawn ' s framing camera during its low - altitude mapping orbit phase, about 130 miles ( 210 kilometers ) above the surface. the image on the right was obtained during dawn ' s high - altitude mapping orbit, about 420 miles ( 680 kilometers ) above the surface. the images have been photometrically corrected. north is up. the dawn mission to vesta and ceres is managed by nasa ' s jet propulsion laboratory, a division of the california institute of technology in pasadena, for nasa ' s science mission directorate, washington. ucla is responsible for overall dawn mission science. the dawn framing cameras were developed and built under the leadership of the max planck institute for solar system research, katlenburg - lindau, germany, with significant contributions by dlr german aerospace center, institute of planetary research, berlin, and in coordination with the institute of computer and communication network engineering, braunschweig. the framing camera project is funded by the max planck society, dlr and nasa / jpl. more information about dawn is online at http : / / www. nasa. gov / dawn and http : / / dawn. jpl. nasa. gov. image credit : nasa / jpl - caltech / ucla / mps / dlr / ida


" whether commentary [... ] is built into a structure of a history or developed as a separate, superimposed text is a matter of choice, but the voice of the commentator must be clearly heard. the commentary should disrupt the facile linear progression of the narration, introduce alternative interpretations, question any partial conclusion, withstand the need for closure [... ] such commentary may introduce splintered or constantly recurring refractions of a traumatic past by using any number of different vantage points. " saul friedlander, " trauma, transference and working - through, " history and memory 4 ( 1992 ) : 39 - 55. copyright ( c ) 1995 by robert s. leventhal, all rights reserved. this text may be shared in accordance with the fair use - provisions of the u. s. copyright law. redistribution and republication of this text on other terms, in any medium, requires the written permission of the author. in the neo - freudian theories of winicott, the attempt has been made to articulate the process of " working - through " the traumatic loss of the beloved object more precisely. winicott ' s famous phrase " mourning without empathy leads to madness " has often been cited as the key to his theory, which is that there must be an empathetic witness to the pain of this traumatic loss, that the person who suffers this loss must be able to give testimony to someone as a way of working - through or processing this loss, and that finally certain " transitional " or " intermediate " objects might be necessary in order to move from the state of dependence and reliance on the other to a renewed state of self - sufficiency after the traumatic severance. the difficulty with this type of understanding is its insistence on a singular empathetic other who hears the testimony of the witness, and thereby bears witness to the traumatic loss in a therapeutic manner. what does it actually mean to " work - through " a traumatic loss? and what does this mean with regard not to an individual, but to an entire people? many of the normative claims of psychoanalysis are present in this type of approach : the hope is that a gradual reintergration of the meaning of the lost object occurs and the fact of the loss helps the subject to grow beyond this dependency in the construction of a self that is able to tolerate and understand alterity and is not rigidly defined. this is the thesis of eric santner ' s stranded objects. one of the ways in which a culture betrays ( in


beyond this dependency in the construction of a self that is able to tolerate and understand alterity and is not rigidly defined. this is the thesis of eric santner ' s stranded objects. one of the ways in which a culture betrays ( in the sense of " allows to become clear " ) its own " investments " or besetzungen, to use freud ' s term for the psychic endowment of certain things, is in its priveleging specific ways of thinking and writing, certain forms of presentation, the selection of specific genres as being " apt " or " appropriate " for certain tasks. an analysis of steven spielberg ' s schindler ' s list could show that the primacy of the ( visual ) romance in some way governs the institution of filming in that film. there is a vast difference in this respect to claude lanzmann ' s shoah and to hans - jurgen syberberg ' s hitler, ein film aus deutschland. as primo levi sought to articulate the discursive and logistical space of auschwitz, syberberg attempts to actually enter into the distorted puppet - show of german fascism, the " black studio " of german ( film ) projections and fantasies, the nostalgiac, melancholic state of postwar, postholocaust germany. lanzmann ' s shoah equally does away with conventional narrative schemes and totalizing representation, presenting the nazi genocide in a series of detailed " researches " or " inquiries, " and utilizing not a single foot of documentary film from the thirties or forties. lanzmann ' s film allows the contradictions between the testimony of the perpetrators and that of the victims to stand. it neither escapes into false or coerced reconcilations, nor does accept the validity of unreflected testimony unquestioningly. the way in which a culture organizes, " disciplines, " and reads a certain event is an excellent way to find out about that culture ' s " troubled areas " or " hot spots. " the philosopher berel lang has argued in his book act and idea of the nazi genocide that there are only certain appropriate and ethically responsible ways of representing the shoah. in this respect, many crtics have said that the holocaust requires an " elevated " genre, that it is the stuff of " high " literature and should not be " desecrated " by allowing low genres to communicate the destruction of the european jews. there would at first sight seem to be an inalterable cultural hierarchy of forms, media, genres


is the stuff of " high " literature and should not be " desecrated " by allowing low genres to communicate the destruction of the european jews. there would at first sight seem to be an inalterable cultural hierarchy of forms, media, genres : the novel, the tragedy, a poem, a scholarly essay or book might be considered acceptable ; on the other hand, a satire, a parody, a comedy, a farce - - these would not seem to be eligible for " appropriate " forms of literary representation. but the fact is that both within these genres and modes, as well as with regard to the genre or mode itself, there are both " high " and " low " forms ; and what is radical, chic, or revolutionary at one historical juncture might be quite reactionary or conservative at another. my view is that spiegelman, precisely by utilizing the " comic - book " as the textual medium of a story of the holocaust, succeeds in breaking the " taboo " or " ritualized fixity " of confronting the holocaust. it also subverts the assignment of the " comic " to a genre of kitsch and " popular culture " in a twofold way : first, insofar as it supercedes the traditional genre in terms of the scope of its presentation ; secondly, insofar as it presents a historical catastrophe in a medium usually reserved for hero - construction and morality play. art spiegelman first published parts of maus in the magazine raw between 1980 - 1991. volumes i and ii of the book maus : a survivor ' s tale appeared in 1986 ( " my father blleds history " ) and 1991 ( " and here my troubles began " ). maus is the use of a traditionally " low " genre - - the comic strip or book - - for serious, grave material. it is a conscious, intentional inversion of a norm, a hierarchy, a cultural order. it is a very " strong " ( in the bloomian sense ) rereading of one survivor ' s tale and the transmission or testimony of this tale to the son ; it is at the same time a strong revamping or reconsideration of the generic possibilites of the " comic " itself. the reduction of the players to cats ( the nazis ). mice ( the jews ), pigs ( the poles ) and other national stereotypes offers a conscious, intentional miniaturization and reduction, pointing up not merely the process of compression, simplification and devaluation


to cats ( the nazis ). mice ( the jews ), pigs ( the poles ) and other national stereotypes offers a conscious, intentional miniaturization and reduction, pointing up not merely the process of compression, simplification and devaluation not merely of the nazi ' s practices before and during the holocaust, but the reduction and simplification present in many " responses " to the holocaust aswell. in this way, spiegelman literalizes the call for petits recits so prevalent in postmodern discourse today, especially in the writings of jean - francois lyotard. on another level, there are multiple narratives and kinds of texts in maus : in addition to images, dialogue boxes, and commentary, we find maps of poland and the camps, diagrams of hideouts, real photographs from the family archive, detailed plans of the crematoria, an exchange table for goods in auschwitz, and a manual for shoe - repair. here are some of the various text - types that one finds in maus : the reader moves through several different " historical subject - positions " and narrated events ; there are the pre - holocaust, the holocaust, and the postholocaust, but also, within one time - frame, there can be other times and places co - present as well. maus thus juxtaposes and intertwines past and present, the different subject histories of each protagonist, and the very different cultural contexts of nazi occupied poland and rego park, new york. the very title of the books is a powerful reworking of the convention : maus rewrites the cultural norm and invents a new discursive space to address the questions of jewish trauma, guilt, shame and, perhaps most importantly, the transmission of these conflicts from one generation to the next, especially in the case that they are not sufficently worked - through. maus encompasses many small narratives : not merely the story of vladek ( artie ' s father ) and anje ( artie ' s mother, who committed suicide after surviving auschwitz and coming to america ), but of artie himself in his struggle to understand his family origins and himself. it addresses the constant resurfacing of a traumatic and " unmastered " past on a number of levels : the death of his brother, richieu, of a poison given to him by the woman who was taking care of him as they were about to be sent to auschwitz to be gassed, the suicide of his mother in


on a number of levels : the death of his brother, richieu, of a poison given to him by the woman who was taking care of him as they were about to be sent to auschwitz to be gassed, the suicide of his mother in 1968, and the murder of the european jews. this is perhaps nowhere more evident than at the end of volume i " my father bleeds history, " where artie asks vladek for antje ' s diaries. vladek first tells artie that the diaries are gone, and then finally remembers that he himself had destroyed them - - burned them to be exact - - in the depths of depression. vladek not only burned the diaries - - in a ironic enactment of nazi book - burning - - but he sadistically adds salt to the wound when he tells artie : " i looked in, but i don ' t remember [... ] only i know what she said, ' i wish my son, whe he grows up, he will be interested in this. ' " artie, who himself suffered a depression after his mother ' s suicide, calls vladek a " murderer, " unable himself to understand vladek ' s action as itself an act of acting out the legacy of the holocaust. in this transmission circuit, artie is tied to his father, and we see this played out in maus in his complete dependence on vladek for the narrative of his own story. the " broken " relationship between artie, vladek, and this unmastered past is exemplified in the broken relationship artie has to his own jewish heritage. in maus i, vladek is in a german work - camp and has a dream in which his dead grandfather comes to him and tells him that he will leave this place and go home to his wife and child on parshas truma. artie then asks his father what parshas is, unaware of the symbolic and literal meaning of this in his life and in jewish tradition. his father then explains to him the meaning of parshas truma, the specific week in which a particular section of the torah is read. it turns out that this was the week he had married anja, and the week artie had his bar - mitzvah. in this time frame, vladek actually does get to leave the camp and see his wife and child. the broken circuit is thus restored in the text precisely because of artie ' s interest in the narrative and the construction of the text maus itself.


this time frame, vladek actually does get to leave the camp and see his wife and child. the broken circuit is thus restored in the text precisely because of artie ' s interest in the narrative and the construction of the text maus itself. but the evidence of a failure in the transmission of culture and tradition, the traces of this broken connection to the past and to history is present to the extent that artie must now relearn this complex history. maus is allegorical, not merely to the extent that it treats the individuals as figures in a much more complex and global story, but insofar as its very textual structure is comparable to the allegorical structure of the emblem, with a graphic image elucidating the text, as well as a superscript expressing the " topic " or " theme, " the actual statements of the individuals in the frame, and often a subscript containing unconscious thoughts or afterthoughts. in maus, the image is never left to stand alone, but is always caught up in the differential between narrative, image, dialogue and reflection. in this manner, an opening or aperture for critical thinking on the transmission of past trauma is created. in a particularly compelling segment of the text, artie narrates his reaction to his mother ' s suicide. a comic book within the comic book maus entitled " prisoner on the hell planet : a case history, " this text - within - the - text recounts artie ' s own incomplete or failed attempt to work through the trauamatic loss of his mother, his own melancholic and masochistic tendencies to internalize the dysfunction of his family and his mother ' s depression, and the degree to which his writing bears the mark of that loss and is itself a type of working - through in its own right. the subtitle " a case history " mocks the case history in psychoanalysis, in which the patient is " cured " of the incessant return of the traumatic past through rigorous therapeutic intervention. in " prisoner from the hell planet, " there isn ' t any easy closure, and the suffering individual remains captive in the prison of his own masochistic melancholia, the jail cell of his own wounded self, not really understanding the unconscious connection to the melancholia of the mother and the unconscious identification with the damaged father. traversing the breach between past and present, father and son, language and image, manifest and latent, spiegelman ' s maus bears witness


connection to the melancholia of the mother and the unconscious identification with the damaged father. traversing the breach between past and present, father and son, language and image, manifest and latent, spiegelman ' s maus bears witness to the process of bearing witness, and the technical and technological requirement of writing and tape - recording in order to produce a narrative of the trauma and thereby alleviate the symptomology of depression and withdrawl that is the danger of a past left to fester as an unhealed wound. paul celan ' s essay meridien states that every piece of authentic writing has a date and a place : it speaks a specificity, and in that specificty it gestures towards an other. spiegelman ' s maus, in transmitting the story of the father through the son, does not avoid or gloss over any of the difficulties entailed in working - through trauma, which, as we know, always brings with it some degree of " acting - out ". maus enacts the difficulty of working through a traumatic historical past that defies attempts at mastery, and is a visceral presentation of the postmodern fragmented self struggling to come to terms with this damaged and wounded history in a conscious manner. maus ii ends with the reunification of vladek and anja after auschwitz. in the final scene, vladek tells artie he is tired of talking : " i ' m tired from talking, richieu, and it is enough stories for now. " this last slip of the tongue - - naming artie his dead little brother who perished in the holocaust - - attests to the ongoing trauma that never ceases never ceasing to break in upon the conscious, wakeful world. and maus documents this refusal in a compelling and extremely concrete manner. click here to return to the home page of responses click here for a short bibliography on maus