and presenting a school assembly program for patriotic holidays or anniversaries is an excellent way to get publicity for your chapter and their activities. some of the more important holidays are : martin luther king jr. ’ s birthday 3 rd monday in january president ’ s day 3 rd monday in february star ( state of texas anniversary remembrance ) day febraury 19 texas independence day march 2 sam houston ' s birthday march 2 san jacinto day april 21 lyndon baines johnson day august 27 patriots ’ day september 11 national anthem day september 14 citizenship or constitution day september 17 columbus day october 12 stephen f. austin ' s birthday november 3 veterans day november 11 special recognition weeks or months : celebrate freedom week * week in which november 11 appears texas history month * march women ’ s history month march african - american history month february hispanic heritage month september 15 - october 15 native american heritage month november * note : celebrate freedom week and texas history month are mandated by public laws hb 1776 and hb 294, respectively. alternate dates are possible for freedom week. activity 17. researching and writing your school ' s history. assuming that your school is not " shiny new, " embark on a project to research and write its history. research school records, old newspapers from the school and community, and ( especially ) the memories of past administrators, teachers and alumni. see the resource section for guidelines to historical research. activity 18. maintaining a junior historian showcase or bulletin board. a junior historian showcase or bulletin board is an excellent way to call attention to both your club program and to the history of your community. activity 19. creating an interpretive website. using technology to share the history of one ’ s school, a community landmark or local event is a wonderful way to share an individual or chapter ’ s research with a broader audience. members can research and visually document historic locations in their community and post that information online. this is a skill which many students already possess and is easy to learn. some students have incorporated geographic information system technology to create interactive maps of historic sites in their communities such as historic buildings, schools, or historic markers. chapters are encouraged to create websites to highlight their own chapter or school ’ s history. creating such sites can be both fun and informative. note : be sure to follow all local policies regarding student internet access and student work / photo posting. also, be sure to follow all copyright laws with regard to images used that were not taken by students or sponsors. instruct the students on the value of such intellectual property. in addition, be sure


student internet access and student work / photo posting. also, be sure to follow all copyright laws with regard to images used that were not taken by students or sponsors. instruct the students on the value of such intellectual property. in addition, be sure you have a use of photo release on file for each member who may appear in photos you post online or send to tsha for online or print publication. this form can be included in initial membership forms filled out at the beginning of the year. a sample photo release is available in the resource section. activity 20. participation in the texas history quiz. the texas state historical association sponsors periodic texas history quizzes students may enter. answers to these quizzes are found in the handbook of texas online. these quizzes make wonderful ways for students to learn to use the handbook, while earning a chance to win prizes. the school - community cooperative projects developed within the junior historian chapter framework yield multiple benefits. for example, the community, through a museum, the local historical society, the county historical commission, and the civic and cultural organizations benefit from the organized effort of the chapter members and their teacher - sponsors. the chapter members benefit, from the experience, responsibility, and community recognition accorded them by their adult colleagues in the community. together, through cooperative effort, the school, the community, the chapter members, and history, all benefit through a well - planned meshing of goals, activities, and effort. cooperation is indeed the " name of the game. " activity 21. field trips to destinations of historic significance. educational study trips into the community and beyond are an excellent way to motivate and keep students engaged. a well planned educational trip can be both a learning and personally memorable experience. students learn best when they get to experience the history of an event with all of their senses. the ability to discuss the way in which the battle of san jacinto unfolded while walking the battlefield is as difficult an experience to match as discussing mission life while standing in the cramped quarters of mission san jose. field trips show students that learning history firsthand is not only an academic activity but one that provides the opportunity for social enjoyment. to plan an effective trip use the study trip checklist found in the resource section. engaging students in the planning process helps build leadership, problem - solving, and decision - making skills. activity 22. project : community service. community service is the one area in which chapter members help weld a meaningful bond between the school and the community. after school, on weekends, during the summer


problem - solving, and decision - making skills. activity 22. project : community service. community service is the one area in which chapter members help weld a meaningful bond between the school and the community. after school, on weekends, during the summer, and on holidays, chapter members aid the local museum, the historical society, and the county historical commission in many ways : students serve as guides and museum aides, work at sales counters, dust and sweep, catalogue artifacts, type index cards, address envelopes, and help prepare and deliver newsletters. at local meetings they present programs, serve as hosts and hostesses, and register guests, in the community they also do research that requires special " leg - work, " survey historic buildings, conduct historic tours, and help raise money to preserve historic sites. in this specific area, student potential is virtually unlimited. see the resource section for sample letters for making contact and the texas historical commission at http : / / www. thc. state. tx. us / links / lkdefault. html for helpful links. activity 23. the history fair or national history day program. the national history day program provides junior historians with the option of participating in a national program that encourages young people to explore a historical subject related to an annual theme. junior historians in grades 6 - 12 may, if they chose to follow the national guidelines, enter one of the more than twenty regional history fairs held across texas in february and march. students who win a first or second place at one of the regional fairs advance to texas history day, which is held in late april. the first and second place winners at texas history day are then eligible to compete at the national contest which is held at the university of maryland in mid - june. a fair for other types of historical entries or some sort of historical showcase of classroom products could also be conducted. however, the national history day program has a proven structure, resources, high academic focus, and the motivational factor of academic competition and awards that should be considered when planning the direction of such an event. many chapters are instrumental in organizing the school level fair as part of this program. chapter members can assist with key logistical tasks that need to be done to insure a successful fair including : processing entry information, scheduling, room set up, directional assistance, messengers, and promotion. participation in national history day could also be considered for recognition within the chapter as a motivational tool. activity 24. adopt - a - building program. chapters are encouraged to participate in the


, room set up, directional assistance, messengers, and promotion. participation in national history day could also be considered for recognition within the chapter as a motivational tool. activity 24. adopt - a - building program. chapters are encouraged to participate in the adopt - a - building program described in the awards and recognition section. the research conducted for this program is valuable in learning the location of a wide variety of documents and resources in the local community. in some cases the research has been the beginning basis of research to obtain an official historical marker from the texas historical commission discussed in the official marker guidelines found in the resource section. this is best accomplished when working with the local heritage society or county historical commission. for a similar activity to so serve as a starting point, see the save our history educator ’ s manual in the resource section. activity 25. the folk fair. the folk fair focuses on the culture, customs, food, dress, and products of various nationality groups represented in the community. the folk fair usually includes exhibits showing the contributions of these various ethnic and national groups - - food, clothing, artifacts, folk music, folk dances, and pictures of individuals representative of each group, with biographical sketches of each. this activity offers unlimited opportunities for community cooperation. activity 26. produce historical tour guidebooks. in some chapters the members have researched, designed, illustrated, and written local historical guide books. in most cases this was done in cooperation with the local chamber of commerce, historical society, and the museum, which provided the funding. however, some chapters have undertaken this as a fund raising project. printing costs and potential sales should be carefully considered before students attempt to fund these projects alone. consider coordinating your efforts with your local main street program if your community is involved. for a listing of cities involved in the program contact the texas historical commission. for a similar activity to serve as a starting point, see the save our history educator ’ s manual in the resource section. activity 27. building historical exhibit units. designing and building historical display units is a self - motivating activity, requiring a wide range of skills and involving a maximum number of students. display units containing models, dioramas, artifact collections, photographs, sketches, and other objects may be exhibited in schools, public libraries, local museums, courthouses, post offices, banks, or in store windows. these historical exhibit units usually form the core of the history fair and folk fair exhibits. ( see the how - to section for, preparing historical exhibits. ) activity 28. junior historian radio


courthouses, post offices, banks, or in store windows. these historical exhibit units usually form the core of the history fair and folk fair exhibits. ( see the how - to section for, preparing historical exhibits. ) activity 28. junior historian radio - television programs. a number of chapters have been provided time on local radio and television stations to present programs on community history. this is a public service that demonstrates the chapter ' s contribution to the area ' s cultural life, while sharpening the community ' s awareness of its heritage. chapters have also made use of in - school public address and video systems to make similar public service announcements. activity 29. producing historical pamphlets. a wide range of topics are appropriate for a series of pamphlets : a general history of the community, early settlers, local industry, business institutions, transportation, agriculture, ranching, newspapers, schools, churches, and general points of historical interest. local business firms frequently sponsor chapter - produced history awareness promotional projects in return for advertising space. ( one chapter received a regular stipend from a bank for a series of illustrated ads on local history. ) much of this research can be developed either in the history class or in preparation for a writing contest paper. ( see the how - to section for, a student ' s guide to historical research and writing. ) some chapters produce their own pamphlets in cooperation with the school / district print shop. activity 30. newspaper articles and chapter columns. junior historian chapters have arranged with a local newspaper to publish a series of student - written articles on local history. many were writing contest papers and some had appeared in the texas historian. the benefits from this activity are multiple. the articles stimulate wide interest in community history, and letters to the newspaper frequently suggest additional topics with offers of information and photographs. as a result, the chapters received many rare photographs that shed new light on the community ' s early history. the newspaper also benefits from increased readership generated by the students ' literary efforts. activity 31. student - produced videos. student - produced videos dramatizing some aspect of local history provide an opportunity to involve many students in a project that requires a wide variety of skills and talents ( research, writing, acting, directing, lighting, props, costumes, makeup, photography, video editing, etc. ). with this activity the students can view tangible results of their efforts, which may also be shared with the community by exhibiting their presentations to service clubs, historical societies, museums, and educational groups. collections of recorded oral histories also work well as source


). with this activity the students can view tangible results of their efforts, which may also be shared with the community by exhibiting their presentations to service clubs, historical societies, museums, and educational groups. collections of recorded oral histories also work well as source material for such projects. videos can be reproduced at relatively low cost and distributed to increase historical awareness. the ability to tell a story visually is a motivating factor, as is the desire of young people to work with the cameras and software. activity 32. conservation projects. relations between the school and the community are strengthened when chapter members help organize and participate in community restoration, beautification, and conservation projects. for a similar activity to serve as a starting point, see the save our history educator ’ s manual in the resource section. activity 33. save our history grants and awards the save our history program, sponsored by the history channel, offers grants and recognition awards for preservation projects completed through partnerships with local preservation groups. the grants are open to teachers who make use of the save our history educator ’ s manual found in the resource section and who partner with a preservation organization. the tsha is willing to serve as that partner with you if there is none locally. awards are available to recognize outstanding preservation projects and do not require you to have received a grant or have partner. many of the activities in the activities section qualify for these grants and awards. for more information about these opportunities, see the educator ’ s manual in the resource section or visit http : / / www. history. com / shows / classroom / articles / save - our - history. other activities, contests, and award many organizations offer activities, contests, and awards which are history oriented and in which chapters or members might want to participate. see the list and contact information below : texas quiz show - sponsored by tsha offers an exciting game show formatted experience for middle school students. this multi - level contest based on the handbook of texas online and the texas almanac allows students to display their knowledge of all things texan. for more information see http : / / www. texasquizshow. com. drt texas history essay contest - sponsored by the daughters of the republic of texas organization which offers modest cash prizes to 4th and 7th grade students for winning entries in their essay contest on an annually changing topic. for more information see http : / / www. drtinfo. org / education / essay - contests / rules. srt texas history essay contest - sponsored by the sons of the republic of texas organization which


essay contest on an annually changing topic. for more information see http : / / www. drtinfo. org / education / essay - contests / rules. srt texas history essay contest - sponsored by the sons of the republic of texas organization which offers sizable scholarships to high school seniors for winning entries in their essay contest on an annually changing topic. for more information see http : / / www. srttexas. org / essay. html. friends of the governor ' s mansion presentation contest - sponsored by the friends of the governor ' s mansion organization which offers awards for winning powerpoint presentation entries on local history by high school students. for more information see http : / / www. txfgmcontest. org / fotgm / index. asp. veterans history project - sponsored by the library of congress is an effort to capture and preserve the story of america ’ s veterans. students conduct and process oral history interviews prior to submitting them to the library of congress for permanent archival preservation. this ties in well with activity # 6. detailed instructions are provided at http : / / www. loc. gov / folklife / vets /. project citizen - sponsored in texas by law focused education, incorporated and the state bar of texas encourages students to research and prepare action plans for public policy issues. the possible connections between historic roots of social problems, preservation of historic places, and public policy decisions is endless. for more information see http : / / www. texaslre. org / so _ pcs - show. html. patriot ’ s pen writing contest - sponsored by the veterans of foreign wars ( vfw ) offers monetary recognition for outstanding writing on an annual changing theme. the entry deadline is in mid - fall. for more information contact your local vfw post or see http : / / www. vfw. org /. barbara jordan essay contest - sponsored by the university of texas offers monetary awards for outstanding writing on a variety of issues. this essay contest is open to high school students statewide and has a spring deadline. for more information see http : / / www. utexas. edu / world / barbarajordan /. hatton w. sumners editorial contest - sponsored by the hatton w. sumners foundation and law focused education, inc. offers scholarships for outstanding editorials written by tenth through twelfth graders. for more information see http : / / www. texaslre. org / so _ editorial. html. texas history day t - shirt design contest - use your


education, inc. offers scholarships for outstanding editorials written by tenth through twelfth graders. for more information see http : / / www. texaslre. org / so _ editorial. html. texas history day t - shirt design contest - use your creative skills to create a design to be used on this years texas history day t - shirt. monetary prizes are awarded in addition to the artistic recognition. see the texas history day website for additional information. adopt - a - highway program. the texas department of highways and public transportation and the keep texas beautiful council jointly sponsor the " adopt - a - highway " program. this program along with the highly successful " don ' t mess with texas " campaign aim to attract the public ' s attention to the epidemic level of littering along texas highways. junior historians can help in litter prevention and cleanup by participating in the adopt - a - highway program. groups agree to clean up a one or two mile stretch of roadway near their community. the adopting organization has the following responsibilities to : 1 ) develop a functional plan that will influence and encourage the public to improve the appearance of their adopted highway ; 2 ) plan for a general cleanup at least twice a year ; 3 ) assist the highway department in securing media coverage for the program ; and 4 ) coordinate with department ' s maintenance foreman and project coordinator to carry out the plan. the highway department in return will : 1 ) furnish and erect two highway signs indicating the section of highway under adoption and the organization responsible ; 2 ) furnish manpower and equipment necessary to aid with general clean ups ; 3 ) conduct media coverage to inform the public of the program ; and 4 ) provide assistance from a maintenance foreman and project coordinator in carrying out the overall plan. the highway department will also provide safety vests to all volunteers and post traffic control signs during cleanups. chapters interested in participating in the program should visit http : / / www. dontmesswithtexas. org / adopt. php for more information. as an organization of historians, it is incumbent on each chapter to maintain a permanent record of its activities. the chapter history should be updated annually and contain a detailed record of every phase of chapter activity. key entries are as follows : - names of sponsors, cosponsors, chapter officers, and members - chapter constitution - minutes of meetings - listing of projects, programs, and activities - copies of printed programs in which the chapter participated - listing of field trips - secretary ' s correspondence files - newspaper clippings reporting chapter activities ( dated, with paper '


chapter constitution - minutes of meetings - listing of projects, programs, and activities - copies of printed programs in which the chapter participated - listing of field trips - secretary ' s correspondence files - newspaper clippings reporting chapter activities ( dated, with paper ' s name ) - chapter related photographs ( dated with persons, places, and events identified ) - copies of printed and duplicated chapter materials - oral history tapes, each with proper identification - publications in which sponsors ' and chapter members ' articles have appeared - treasurer ' s annual report - all other materials that help document the chapter ' s history keeping the chapters ' history is primarily the responsibility of the chapter historian, with the help of the chapter photographer. the historian should also apprise the chapter members of the importance of maintaining the organization ' s permanent history and solicit their help. sponsors of junior historian chapters should be acutely aware of the importance of maintaining the chapter ' s history, as the annual chapter achievement awards are based on this data, often presented in scrapbook form. ( see the awards and recognition section for information on chapter achievement awards. ) careful consideration should be given to the permanent maintenance of the chapter files. many chapters use the annual scrapbook format, while others use an organized filing system, carefully dating each item. as new chapter officials are elected each fall, new files are set up to correspond with the new administration. permanent filing systems should be used whenever possible. standard file cabinets, or manuscript boxes constructed of durable cardboard, are preferable. consult your school librarian on which junior historian records, projects, or research can or should become part of the school ’ s archival holdings. whatever method is employed, it is important that a permanent record of each chapter ' s activities be maintained. regional meetings are usually held on a saturday and are usually held in the fall. at that time all junior historian chapters in a given geographic area convene and participate in a program that might consist of a talk by an area historian, skits or plays by chapters, chapter reports, and tours of historical sites such as museums, homes, and / or battlefields. regional meetings have been held in jefferson, winedale, washington - on - the - brazos, galveston, the san jacinto monument, the george ' s ranch at rosenberg, and the east texas oil museum. area sponsors are encouraged to consider organizing regional meetings as a way to connect with other chapters and to increase awareness. the tsha educational services staff are willing to assist area sponsors with the organization of such meetings. see the


and the east texas oil museum. area sponsors are encouraged to consider organizing regional meetings as a way to connect with other chapters and to increase awareness. the tsha educational services staff are willing to assist area sponsors with the organization of such meetings. see the resource section for sample meeting announcements and registration forms. the annual meeting the annual meeting marks the high point of the year ' s activities, as chapter members, along with their sponsors and co - sponsors, assemble to share ideas, problems, and achievements, while enjoying the good fellowship of friends and colleagues. although the meeting ' s primary goals are professional growth and intellectual stimulation, the participants ' social and recreational needs are given careful consideration. the annual meetings are events that are looked forward to with much anticipation. overnight travel may be an issue for some schools, particularly in the elementary division ; therefore the bulk of the activities will take place on saturday. chapters with these limitations are strongly encouraged to attend both day ’ s events when the meeting occurs near them. the junior historians of texas the junior historian annual meeting is usually held in late march or early april. the exact date of the meeting depends on the occurrence of easter and spring breaks. annual meetings have been held in austin, san antonio, arlington, abilene, mesquite, fort worth, houston, and galveston. the junior historian annual meeting is always scheduled on a friday and saturday. a typical annual meeting schedule follows : registration, begins on friday at 3 : 00 p. m., concurrent with setting up of the history fair exhibits. a tour or activity is usually scheduled as a means for chapters to interact and share their activities and accomplishments in a social setting. judging of performances and documentaries may take place on friday evening depending on the number of entries. the saturday events begin around 8 : 00 a. m. with late - registration and judging of non - exhibit entries. exhibit entry judging will usually begin around 9 : 00. activities or tours will often be scheduled while exhibit judging is occurring. following lunch, the students and sponsors will convene in general session for presentations by other chapters or guests and an awards ceremony. history fair exhibits are removed immediately following the general session. many chapters either arrive early on friday or remain later on saturday to tour museums or amusements found in the area where the meeting is being held. examples of such include : six flags, astroworld, sea world, or a visit to a historical site such as san antonio missions national historic park, the alamo, the capitol, the bob bullock texas state history museum,


meeting is being held. examples of such include : six flags, astroworld, sea world, or a visit to a historical site such as san antonio missions national historic park, the alamo, the capitol, the bob bullock texas state history museum, san jacinto state historic park, the sixth floor museum, the amon carter museum of art, or the fort worth stockyards. the general session is usually made up of two or three short presentations ( chapter participation is solicited ) and a short program focusing on some allied professional field : history, archeology, folklore, geography, and anthropology. awards in the competitive events are presented at the awards ceremony. the competitive activities — research and writing, history fair, adopt - a - building participation, and chapter achievement - - have wide student appeal and are major motivating forces in the junior historian chapter experience. a brief explanation of the five competitive events follows : - the writing contest. after six decades of activity, the writing contest papers represent the junior historians ' most permanent contribution to history and learning. much of the state ' s history - - largely the record of local people, places, and events - - has been preserved through the research and writing of the junior historians. their efforts have not gone unrewarded. each year almost $ 1, 500 in writing prizes are presented to texas ' outstanding student authors at the annual meeting. junior and senior high students compete separately and the various writing prizes are listed annually in the texas historian. many of the contest papers, both winners and non - winners, are published in the texas historian, the official publication of the junior historians of texas. - the history fair, with its variety of entry possibilities, has become one of the annual meeting highlights. these interpretive displays of local historical topics give an important dimension to the junior historian chapter experience. each junior and senior high school student entering the history fair competition receives a certificate of participation, while the students making the top three awards receive medallions. trophies are awarded to the junior historian chapter that creates the best chapter projects each academic year. - adopt - a - building preservation program. this exciting preservation education program enables junior historian chapters to academically adopt a building or other landmark of historical significance in their communities. through media presentations, displays, and outreach programs, chapters spend an academic year uncovering information about their site ' s architectural and social history. those chapters completing the four phases of the program are recognized at the annual meeting with a plaque commemorating their accomplishments. often times the best adopt - a -


a room not thirteen feet either way, slept twelve men and women, two or three in bunks set in a sort of alcove, the rest on the floor. " these homeless children " are to be found all over the city …. where the neighbourhood offers a chance of picking up a living at daytime and of " turning in " at night with a promise of security from surprise. in warm weather a truck in the street, a convenient out - house, or a dug - out in a hay - barge at the wharf make good bunks. " quotes easily describe conditions in slums and squatter settlements in any city in any developing country today, but, in fact, they were written over a hundred years ago by jacob august riis. he emigrated to north america from denmark in 1870, and when riis finally managed to get a job as a police reporter, he described the squalor and humiliation he experienced in the slums and tenements of new york. riis went onto to become a leading social reformer, and his landmark book published in 1890, ' how the other half lives ', inspired new yorkers, including theodore roosevelt, to initiate long needed reforms in providing housing and shelter for the poor. is not the only journalist to have given a voice to the homeless and to have fought for their right to better housing. in the 19th century, industrialization in europe and america led to rapid urbanization. the population of london went from about 800, 000 in 1800 to over 6. 5 million in 1900 ; during the same period, paris grew from one - half to over 3 million ; and by 1900 new york ' s population had swelled to 4. 2 million. this explosion meant that the poor lived in dark, airless and unsanitary tenements, often without windows, where they were regularly exploited by rapacious landlords and politicians. with the advent of the mass media, the cause of the poor was taken up by many illustrious journalists and authors. dickens, mayhew and zola, amongst others, wrote articles and novels that revealed to their readers the appalling conditions in human settlements. such writers were instrumental in changing the policies of their time. over a hundred years later, the task is not over. at the start of the urban millennium, when over half of humanity will live in cities and towns, there is a pressing need for the public to be made aware of the problems of urbanization. though rates of urbanization in the developed world and in latin america and the


the urban millennium, when over half of humanity will live in cities and towns, there is a pressing need for the public to be made aware of the problems of urbanization. though rates of urbanization in the developed world and in latin america and the caribbean have stabilized at around 75 per cent or above, africa and asia - - which are both still predominantly rural - - face an explosive demographic shift, as their urban populations surge from about 35 per cent to over 50 per cent in the next 30 years. it is estimated that, between 1990 and 1995 alone, the cities in the developing world grew by 263 million people - - the equivalent of another los angeles every three months. every day there are an additional 180, 000 people in cities and towns all over the world. process of urbanization must be viewed against the backdrop of globalization and the industrialization of the developing world. in today ' s international economy, cities are forced to compete with one another to attract capital. local authorities everywhere are investing heavily in infrastructure and housing to attract multi - national investment. but evidence suggests that, even in cities like new york and london, globalization has led to an increasing polarization between the rich and the poor. the developing world, where migrants continue to flock to urban areas for jobs, the situation is worse. over 50 per cent of the population in cities in the developing world live in unplanned, spontaneous settlements and slums. it is also estimated that at least 36 per cent of all households, and 41 per cent of all woman - headed households, live below the locally - defined poverty level. though it is difficult to estimate, it appears that the urbanization and feminization of poverty have resulted in almost a billion poor people living in urban areas without adequate shelter and basic services. just as a century ago, there is a need for journalists to inform the public about the living conditions of the urban poor ; to ask why such conditions continue ; and to exchange ideas on possible solutions and proven best practices. + 5, the special session of the united nations general assembly that will be held in new york from 6 to 8 june 2001, is dedicated to raising awareness about the problems and prospects of urbanization. this is a critical time for the future of human settlements. the success of istanbul + 5 depends as much on the participation of journalists as on governments, representatives of local authorities and civil society actors like non - governmental organisations, the private sector and academic researchers. as gate - keepers to the global and local media, journalists are essential partners in informing the world


much on the participation of journalists as on governments, representatives of local authorities and civil society actors like non - governmental organisations, the private sector and academic researchers. as gate - keepers to the global and local media, journalists are essential partners in informing the world about the event and the issues involved. this is not just a matter of discussing the diplomatic background to the negotiations of international instruments in new york, it is about alerting local citizens to the conditions in their backyards and to what can and should be done. important questions should be asked and answered : have governments delivered on the commitments made at habitat ii? if not, why not? we call on investigative journalists in the developed and developing worlds to find out more about the state of their cities and towns and the living conditions of executive director of the united nations centre for human settlements, i invite the media to join habitat in the challenging task of ensuring adequate shelter for all and sustainable human settlements in the urban millennium. i call upon journalists to continue working in the tradition begun by people like jacob riis, charles dickens, henry mayhew and emile zola. we honour them best by giving a voice to the voiceless. by the executive director : … the environmental future of the planet is closely linked to the management of our cities, towns and villages. … the relationship between the environment and human settlements is like the proverbial chicken and egg paradox. good environmental governance requires good urban governance and vice versa. are in the business of promoting a culture of solidarity and inclusiveness in all human settlements. cities will not become liveable places without learning from the solidarity which is practised in villages where everyone is provided for, however modestly. in my village, i never saw anyone sleeping under a tree. humanity enters the 21st century - the urban millennium, a consensus is emerging that good governance will mean the difference between success and failure. … there is a need for a sea change in the management approach of many city governments. we need a revolution in local government attitudes so that they become demand driven and flexible, as opposed to bureaucratic and unresponsive. … the welfare of over a billion people who are homeless or live without adequate shelter and basic services depends on the combined efforts of all our partners, governments, local authorities, parliamentarians, non - governmental organizations and the private sector. together we can improve the living conditions in our cities, towns and … the exclusion of the poor from the benefits of urban life is a daily reminder of the urgent need for greater social and civic responsibility. … partnership is indeed


organizations and the private sector. together we can improve the living conditions in our cities, towns and … the exclusion of the poor from the benefits of urban life is a daily reminder of the urgent need for greater social and civic responsibility. … partnership is indeed the key for successful implementation of the habitat agenda. … it cannot be a matter of " our agenda versus theirs ". we must collaborate if we are to succeed. … poverty elimination starts with listening to the poor, fostering their initiatives and giving them a chance. unless this is done poverty reduction efforts will continue to remain illusory. … good urban governance implies that governments respond to and are accountable to all urban residents, including is making the 21st century the century of cities. the challenge is how to make cities a better place for the majority of the people. … the poor are not just passive objects. most often they are solving their own problems, but governments are failing to recognise their efforts. instead of harnessing their energy they are discouraging the poor from participating in the improvement of their own living conditions. further information, please contact : sharad shankardass, spokesperson, or zahra a. hassan, media & press relations unit, tel : ( 254 2 ) 623153, 623151, fax : ( 254 2 ) 624060,


access to culture in brazil the links between culture and human rights, as well as the role of culture in fighting discrimination, are issues brazil has been trying to face. nevertheless, the integration of culture with other social policies is a recent experience which still calls for improvement. it is now time to recognize cultural rights as a basic need and a right of citizens and that indicates the need to pursue an agenda integrated to social policies and development policies. despite the recent trends, the impacts have not been sufficient to reduce inequalities regarding access to cultural production and, hence it is crucial to pay extra care to prevent economic growth from exacerbating such inequalities even further. inequalities in access to cultural production : - entertainement : the minority of brazilians go to the cinema at least once a year. almost all brazilians have never been to a museum nor have ever visited an art exhibition. more than 70 % to brazilians have never watched a dance show, although many go out for dancing. the majority of the municipalities do not have a cinema, theatre, museum or multiuse cultural spaces. - books and libraries : brazilians barely have reading habits. most of the books are in the hands of only few. book prices are high if compared to the income of brazilians belonging to c / d / e social classes. many brazilian municipalities have no library, almost all of these are located in the northeast region of the country, while only two are in the southeast. - access to internet : a very high percentage of brazilians have no pc at home, and within that group the majority have absolutely no access to internet ( either at work, or in school ). - cultural professionals : half of the population working in the field of culture are not in regular employment or are self - employed. ( source : ministry of culture – ibge - ipea ). by focusing cultural policies on the state and local levels, it could be possible to have an assistance in overcoming the inequality on the access to culture and in reinforcing cultural diversity as a relevant factor in the sustainability of development.


- prayer and worship - beliefs and teachings - issues and action - catholic giving - about usccb david ’ s census ; the plague. 1the lord ’ s anger against israel flared again, a and he incited david against them : “ go, take a census of israel and judah. ” 2the king therefore said to joab and the leaders of the army who were with him, “ tour all the tribes of israel from dan to beer - sheba and register the people, that i may know their number. ” 3but joab replied to the king : “ may the lord your god increase the number of people a hundredfold for my lord the king to see it with his own eyes. but why does it please my lord to do a thing of this kind? ” 4however, the king ’ s command prevailed over joab and the leaders of the army, so they left the king ’ s presence in order to register the people of israel. 5crossing the jordan, they began near aroer, south of the city in the wadi, and turned in the direction of gad toward jazer. 6they continued on to gilead and to the district below mount hermon. then they proceeded to dan ; from there they turned toward sidon, 7going to the fortress of tyre and to all the cities of the hivites and canaanites, and ending up in the negeb of judah, at beer - sheba. 8thus they toured the whole land, reaching jerusalem again after nine months and twenty days. 9joab then reported the census figures to the king : of men capable of wielding a sword, there were in israel eight hundred thousand, and in judah five hundred thousand. 10afterward, however, david regretted having numbered the people. david said to the lord : “ i have sinned grievously in what i have done. b take away, lord, your servant ’ s guilt, for i have acted very foolishly. ” * 11when david rose in the morning, the word of the lord came to the prophet gad, david ’ s seer, saying : 12go, tell david : thus says the lord : i am offering you three options ; choose one of them, and i will give you that. 13gad then went to david to inform him. he asked : “ should three years of famine come upon your land ; or three months of fleeing from your enemy while he pursues you ; or is it to be three days of


you that. 13gad then went to david to inform him. he asked : “ should three years of famine come upon your land ; or three months of fleeing from your enemy while he pursues you ; or is it to be three days of plague in your land? now consider well : what answer am i to give to him who sent me? ” c 14david answered gad : “ i am greatly distressed. but let us fall into the hand of god, whose mercy is great, rather than into human hands. ” 15thus david chose the plague. at the time of the wheat harvest it broke out among the people. the lord sent plague over israel from morning until the time appointed, and from dan to beer - sheba seventy thousand of the people died. 16but when the angel stretched forth his hand toward jerusalem to destroy it, the lord changed his mind about the calamity, and said to the angel causing the destruction among the people : enough now! stay your hand. d the angel of the lord was then standing at the threshing floor of araunah the jebusite. e 17when david saw the angel who was striking the people, he said to the lord : “ it is i who have sinned ; it is i, the shepherd, who have done wrong. but these sheep, what have they done? strike me and my father ’ s family! ” david offers sacrifices. 18on the same day gad went to david and said to him, “ go and set up an altar to the lord on the threshing floor of araunah the jebusite. ” 19according to gad ’ s word, david went up as the lord had commanded. 20now araunah looked down and saw the king and his servants coming toward him while he was threshing wheat. so he went out and bowed down before the king, his face to the ground. 21then araunah asked, “ why does my lord the king come to his servant? ” david replied, “ to buy the threshing floor from you, to build an altar to the lord, that the plague may be withdrawn from the people. ” 22f but araunah said to david : “ let my lord the king take it and offer up what is good in his sight. see, here are the oxen for burnt offerings, and the threshing sledges and the yokes of oxen for wood. 23all this does araunah


the king take it and offer up what is good in his sight. see, here are the oxen for burnt offerings, and the threshing sledges and the yokes of oxen for wood. 23all this does araunah give to the king. ” araunah then said to the king, “ may the lord your god accept your offering. ” 24the king, however, replied to araunah, “ no, i will buy it from you at the proper price, for i cannot sacrifice to the lord my god burnt offerings that cost me nothing. ” so david bought the threshing floor and the oxen for fifty silver shekels. 25then david built an altar to the lord there, and sacrificed burnt offerings and communion offerings. the lord granted relief to the land, and the plague was withdrawn from israel. * [ 24 : 10 ] the narrative supposes that since the people belonged to the lord rather than to the king, only the lord should know their exact number. further, since such an exact numbering of the people would make it possible for the king to exercise centralized power, imposing taxation, conscription, and expropriation upon israel, the story shares the view of monarchy found in 1 sm 8 : 4 – 18. see also nm 3 : 44 – 51, where census taking requires an apotropaic offering. by accepting this message, you will be leaving the website of the united states conference of catholic bishops. this link is provided solely for the user ' s convenience. by providing this link, the united states conference of catholic bishops assumes no responsibility for, nor does it necessarily endorse, the website, its content, or


- prayer and worship - beliefs and teachings - issues and action - catholic giving - about usccb faith of the ancients. 1faith is the realization of what is hoped for and evidence * of things not seen. a 2because of it the ancients were well attested. 3b by faith we understand that the universe was ordered by the word of god, * so that what is visible came into being through the invisible. 4 * by faith abel offered to god a sacrifice greater than cain ’ s. through this he was attested to be righteous, god bearing witness to his gifts, and through this, though dead, he still speaks. c 5by faith enoch was taken up so that he should not see death, and “ he was found no more because god had taken him. ” before he was taken up, he was attested to have pleased god. d 6 * but without faith it is impossible to please him, e for anyone who approaches god must believe that he exists and that he rewards those who seek him. 7by faith noah, warned about what was not yet seen, with reverence built an ark for the salvation of his household. through this he condemned the world and inherited the righteousness that comes through faith. f 8by faith abraham obeyed when he was called to go out to a place that he was to receive as an inheritance ; he went out, not knowing where he was to go. g 9by faith he sojourned in the promised land as in a foreign country, dwelling in tents with isaac and jacob, heirs of the same promise ; h 10for he was looking forward to the city with foundations, whose architect and maker is god. i 11by faith he received power to generate, even though he was past the normal age — and sarah herself was sterile — for he thought that the one who had made the promise was trustworthy. j 12so it was that there came forth from one man, himself as good as dead, descendants as numerous as the stars in the sky and as countless as the sands on the seashore. k 13all these died in faith. they did not receive what had been promised but saw it and greeted it from afar and acknowledged themselves to be strangers and aliens on earth, l 14for those who speak thus show that they are seeking a homeland. 15if they had been thinking of the land from which they had come, they would have had opportunity to return. 16but now they desire a better homeland, a heavenly one. therefore, god is not ashamed to


they are seeking a homeland. 15if they had been thinking of the land from which they had come, they would have had opportunity to return. 16but now they desire a better homeland, a heavenly one. therefore, god is not ashamed to be called their god, for he has prepared a city for them. m 17by faith abraham, when put to the test, offered up isaac, and he who had received the promises was ready to offer his only son, n 18of whom it was said, “ through isaac descendants shall bear your name. ” o 19 * he reasoned that god was able to raise even from the dead, p and he received isaac back as a symbol. 20by faith regarding things still to come isaac * blessed jacob and esau. q 21by faith jacob, when dying, blessed each of the sons of joseph and “ bowed in worship, leaning on the top of his staff. ” r 22by faith joseph, near the end of his life, spoke of the exodus of the israelites and gave instructions about his bones. s 23t by faith moses was hidden by his parents for three months after his birth, because they saw that he was a beautiful child, and they were not afraid of the king ’ s edict. 24 * by faith moses, when he had grown up, refused to be known as the son of pharaoh ’ s daughter ; u 25he chose to be ill - treated along with the people of god rather than enjoy the fleeting pleasure of sin. 26he considered the reproach of the anointed greater wealth than the treasures of egypt, for he was looking to the recompense. 27by faith he left egypt, not fearing the king ’ s fury, for he persevered as if seeing the one who is invisible. v 28by faith he kept the passover and sprinkled the blood, that the destroyer of the firstborn might not touch them. w 29by faith they crossed the red sea as if it were dry land, but when the egyptians attempted it they were drowned. x 30by faith the walls of jericho fell after being encircled for seven days. y 31by faith rahab the harlot did not perish with the disobedient, for she had received the spies in peace. z 32what more shall i say? i have not time to tell of gideon, barak, samson, jephthah, of david and samuel and the prophets, a 33who by faith conquered kingdoms, did what was righteous, obtained


z 32what more shall i say? i have not time to tell of gideon, barak, samson, jephthah, of david and samuel and the prophets, a 33who by faith conquered kingdoms, did what was righteous, obtained the promises ; they closed the mouths of lions, b 34put out raging fires, escaped the devouring sword ; out of weakness they were made powerful, became strong in battle, and turned back foreign invaders. c 35women received back their dead through resurrection. some were tortured and would not accept deliverance, in order to obtain a better resurrection. d 36others endured mockery, scourging, even chains and imprisonment. e 37they were stoned, sawed in two, put to death at sword ’ s point ; they went about in skins of sheep or goats, needy, afflicted, tormented. f 38the world was not worthy of them. they wandered about in deserts and on mountains, in caves and in crevices in the earth. g 39yet all these, though approved because of their faith, did not receive what had been promised. 40god had foreseen something better for us, so that without us they should not be made perfect. * * [ 11 : 1 – 40 ] this chapter draws upon the people and events of the old testament to paint an inspiring portrait of religious faith, firm and unyielding in the face of any obstacles that confront it. these pages rank among the most eloquent and lofty to be found in the bible. they expand the theme announced in heb 6 : 12, to which the author now returns ( heb 10 : 39 ). the material of this chapter is developed chronologically. heb 11 : 3 – 7 draw upon the first nine chapters of genesis ( gn 1 – 9 ) ; heb 11 : 8 – 22, upon the period of the patriarchs ; heb 11 : 23 – 31, upon the time of moses ; heb 11 : 32 – 38, upon the history of the judges, the prophets, and the maccabean martyrs. the author gives the most extensive description of faith provided in the new testament, though his interest does not lie in a technical, theological definition. in view of the needs of his audience he describes what authentic faith does, not what it is in itself. through faith god guarantees the blessings to be hoped for from him, providing evidence in the gift of faith that what he promises will eventually come to pass (


of the needs of his audience he describes what authentic faith does, not what it is in itself. through faith god guarantees the blessings to be hoped for from him, providing evidence in the gift of faith that what he promises will eventually come to pass ( heb 11 : 1 ). because they accepted in faith god ’ s guarantee of the future, the biblical personages discussed in heb 11 : 3 – 38 were themselves commended by god ( heb 11 : 2 ). christians have even greater reason to remain firm in faith since they, unlike the old testament men and women of faith, have perceived the beginning of god ’ s fulfillment of his messianic promises ( heb 11 : 39 – 40 ). * [ 11 : 1 ] faith is the realization … evidence : the author is not attempting a precise definition. there is dispute about the meaning of the greek words hypostasis and elenchos, here translated realization and evidence, respectively. hypostasis usually means “ substance, ” “ being ” ( as translated in heb 1 : 3 ), or “ reality ” ( as translated in heb 3 : 14 ) ; here it connotes something more subjective, and so realization has been chosen rather than “ assurance ” ( rsv ). elenchos, usually “ proof, ” is used here in an objective sense and so translated evidence rather than the transferred sense of “ ( inner ) conviction ” ( rsv ). * [ 11 : 3 ] by faith … god : this verse does not speak of the faith of the old testament men and women but is in the first person plural. hence it seems out of place in the sequence of thought. * [ 11 : 4 ] the “ praise of the ancestors ” in sir 44 : 1 – 50 : 21 gives a similar list of heroes. the cain and abel narrative in gn 4 : 1 – 16 does not mention abel ’ s faith. it says, however, that god “ looked with favor on abel and his offering ” ( gn 4 : 4 ) ; in view of v 6 the author probably understood god ’ s favor to have been activated by abel ’ s faith. though dead, he still speaks : possibly because his blood “ cries out to me from the soil ” ( gn 4 : 10 ), but more probably a way of saying that the repeated story of abel provides ongoing witness to faith. * [ 11 : 19 ] as a symbol : isaac ’ s “ return from death ” is seen as a symbol of christ ’


4 : 10 ), but more probably a way of saying that the repeated story of abel provides ongoing witness to faith. * [ 11 : 19 ] as a symbol : isaac ’ s “ return from death ” is seen as a symbol of christ ’ s resurrection. others understand the words en parabole to mean “ in figure, ” i. e., the word dead is used figuratively of isaac, since he did not really die. but in the one other place that parabole occurs in hebrews, it means symbol ( heb 9 : 9 ). * [ 11 : 24 – 27 ] the reason given for moses ’ departure from egypt differs from the account in ex 2 : 11 – 15. the author also gives a christological interpretation of his decision to share the trials of his people. * [ 11 : 40 ] so that without us they should not be made perfect : the heroes of the old testament obtained their recompense only after the saving work of christ had been accomplished. thus they already enjoy what christians who are still struggling do not yet possess in its fullness. by accepting this message, you will be leaving the website of the united states conference of catholic bishops. this link is provided solely for the user ' s convenience. by providing this link, the united states conference of catholic bishops assumes no responsibility for, nor does it necessarily endorse, the website, its content, or


daughter of khaled abdul - wahab, tunisian rescuer of jews during the holocaust khaled abdul - wahab, a tunisian who rescued two dozen jews during the holocaust, is the first arab person to be nominated for the designation of righteous among the nations. faiza abdul - wahab reflects here on her father ' s life and legacy. transcript also available in : اطلع على الترجمة العربية للنسخة المسجلة i ' m optimistic, at the same time i don ' t believe in miracles. and i think i believe in little drops of water creating an ocean of virtue. and i believe in dialogue ; i believe in respect. but, i don ' t know, i think the dialogue must start from somewhere, and this is one place where it can start. in 1942, german troops arrived in mahdia, tunisia, and began to expel jewish families from their homes. during the occupation, khaled abdul - wahab, a tunisian arab, rescued two dozen jews by hiding them at his olive oil factory for four months. abdul - wahab passed away in 1997, but he has been posthumously nominated for the designation of righteous among the nations by yad vashem, israel ' s holocaust memorial. if confirmed, abdul - wahab will be the first arab person to receive this honor. recently, abdul - wahab ' s daughter, faiza, spoke about her father ' s life and legacy. welcome to voices on antisemitism, a free podcast series from the united states holocaust memorial museum. i ' m daniel greene. every other week we invite a guest to reflect about the many ways that antisemitism and hatred influence our world today. here ' s faiza abdul - wahab. my father ' s name was khaled abdul - wahab. he had a farm in mahdia, which is a little town by the coast of tunisia. and when the germans occupied tunisia, he learned that a family was threatened, a jewish family. anyway, they knew each other because this was a very small town. so he came in the middle of the night to where they were hiding and took them to his farm where they stayed the whole occupation. and so it was a total of 24 people, different families, that were hidden in my father ' s farm. when i asked him what happened during the war in tunisiadid the germans come or not come


farm where they stayed the whole occupation. and so it was a total of 24 people, different families, that were hidden in my father ' s farm. when i asked him what happened during the war in tunisiadid the germans come or not come? because i knew nothing about that. i asked him, and he told me, " yes, i kept several families in my farm during the war, jewish families. " but i say, " okay. " you know, no big deal, because we were living all together in tunisiajews, not jews, and italians, and french people, and arabs. but the rest, we were tunisians before being muslims or jews. our first common link was we were tunisian. we ate the same food, we had the sameshared a lot of things. so for me, when he said that, i didn ' t know he had taken risks with his life, of course, because he didn ' t tell me that. he just said, " yes, i kept somei protected some jewish families. " for him it was normal, and that ’ s all. i ' m sure he would have been just very happy to have this recognition. and i ' m very proud of him. even the nomination is symbolically a great thing. and i hope it has an impact a little more than symbolic in people ' s minds. i ' m very against denial of any kind. i want people to look at the face of reality even if it ' s hard and to try to open your eyes. if you shut your eyes and say, " i don ' t want to have nothing in common with these people, " you close the door to any dialogue, you know, and it ' s finished. you don ' t have any hope. if you open your heart, your mind, and your eyes to other people and say, " okay, i accept, even if it ' s difficult to accept certain things from you, but i accept the things that will make us go and progress. " that is important for me. and my father, he would have said that his dream was to see histhese two people come back again and live again without these problems. i don ' t know, maybe i ' m carrying that message. when your parents didn ' t finish something, you know, you have to do the unfinished work. so i carry my father ' s, what he did, i carry it for the best. i hope so. voices on antisemitism


the theme for the 2011 native american $ 1 coin is " supreme sachem ousamequin, massasoit of the great wampanoag nation creates alliance with settlers at plymouth bay ( 1621 ). " its reverse design features hands of the supreme sachem ousamequin massasoit and governor john carver, symbolically offering the ceremonial peace pipe after the initiation of the first formal written peace alliance between the wampanoag tribe and the european settlers. the design includes the required inscriptions, united states of america and $ 1, along with the additional inscription wampanoag treaty 1621. introduction : diplomacy — treaties with tribal nations within native american culture, the ability to make peace was historically as highly prized as leadership in war and often conducted by a separate peace chief, who stepped in when the time for the warriors had passed. for centuries, tribes created alliances with each other that spanned hundreds of miles. one of the first treaties for a mutual alliance with settlers in what became the united states of america occurred between the puritan settlers at plymouth and the massasoit of the pokanoket wampanoag in 1621. historians credit the alliance with the massasoit with ensuring survival of the plymouth colony. from the declaration of independence until 1868, the u. s. made some 370 treaties with indian tribes. congress suspended formal treaty - making in 1868, but since then, government - to - government relations between the u. s. and sovereign tribes have taken a variety of other legal forms. current u. s. policy states that federal relations with recognized tribes are conducted on a government - to - government basis. contribution : supreme sachem ousamequin, massasoit of the great wampanoag nation creates alliance with settlers at plymouth bay ( 1621 ) in the spring of 1621, ousamequin, the massasoit ( a title meaning head chief ) of the wampanoag indians, made a formal treaty with the english who settled at patuxet ( in what is now plymouth, massachusetts ). the document might well be the first written treaty between an indigenous people and european settlers in what is now the u. s. it consisted of six provisions, recorded in william bradford ' s " history of plimoth plantation. " massasoit promised to defend the plymouth settlers against hostile tribes in return for their intervention if his people were attacked. his intermediaries — tisquantum, samoset and hobbamack — gave the settlers invaluable tips on survival. the plymouth


in many areas of the economy, there looms the specter of deflation, with consumer prices falling over the past 12 months by their greatest percentage since 1955. but you might not notice that fall in prices next time you fill up your tank with gasoline. instead of deflating, gasoline is inflating. the big question is why. last week, gasoline prices rose above $ 2. 50 per gallon in san diego county for the first time since early november. prices are now above the $ 2. 25 mark nationwide. that ' s a 46 percent jump in just five months, up from a recent low of $ 1. 71 last december. by july 4, analysts say, gasoline could surge above $ 2. 50 nationwide and as high as $ 2. 75 in san diego county. some analysts say it would not be surprising to see the price at some local gasoline stations creeping back toward the $ 3 mark. “ the major oil companies are betting prices will go up, and go up quite high, ” said charles langley, fuel analyst at san diego ' s utility consumers ' action network. langley noted that gasoline prices always rise in springtime, after refineries shift from their cheaply produced “ winter blend ” of gasoline to a more refined “ summer blend. ” but the change in blends typically results in a price rise of 10 percent to 15 percent, not the 46 percent hike that we ' re currently experiencing. so why are gas prices rising when other goods are dipping? will the price rise dissipate after the july 4 holiday? or is the run - up a new threat to an economy that is struggling to dig itself out of recession? if oil prices were ruled simply by supply and demand, we should not be seeing this kind of price rise. thanks to the great recession, worldwide demand for oil has plummeted. workers who have been laid off aren ' t buying gas to commute to the office every day. tourists are taking shorter trips. businesses are putting fewer trucks on the road. in california, demand is down more than 10 percent. the international energy association predicts that global oil demand will average 2 million barrels per day less this year than last. because of the declining demand, the world ' s supply of oil has risen to a 19 - year high. as much as 150 million barrels of oil is floating in tankers on the ocean, being kept on hold until the oil companies decide it ' s profitable to bring them in. last year ' s chants of “ drill, baby, drill ” seem


the term shin splints, or medial tibial stress syndrome ( mtss ), describes a condition common in runners who develop pain on the inside of the shin bone. this is in particular common in young athletes, who have progressed their running or jumping too quickly, and who have trained most often on hard surfaces. it is more common in female athletes than in males. it used to be believed that this condition was caused by traction on the membrane around the tibial bone, causing inflammation of this membrane, or periostitis. others believed that it caused strain or inflammation of the muscles attaching here, including of the posterior tibial and soleus tendons. however, research today has shown that the pain is caused by bony overload, and there is no evidence of periostitis or tendinitis. imaging studies have shown mild bone weakness and loss of bone density, or osteopenia, of the tibia which returns to normal when the condition resolves. based on recent research, we know that a person may be prone to developing mtss if she or he has overpronated feet, or feet which have fairly good arches when not standing up, but flatten excessively when walking or running. this can cause the lower leg to rotate excessively inward and put greater torsion strain on the shin bone. other risk factors may be people who land on the forefoot instead of the heel during distance running, which has been shown to increase the strain on the tibial bone. an abnormal amount of hip rotation mobility and hip muscle weakness may also contribute to this condition, as it can change the mechanics of the entire leg during running. it has also been shown that people who have a higher body mass index take longer to heal. if the foot overpronates, a foot orthotic may be helpful to improve the foot and lower leg mechanics during running. a distance runner who tends to run on the forefoot versus the heel will need to work on the running technique. after initial rest from running, it is advised to gradually return to training on softer surfaces, such as dirt, grass or firm sand, and to later alternate with running on harder surfaces. exercise rehabilitation is important, to correct any weakness present in muscles which can pull the arch of the foot up, and in key hip muscles which would prevent the leg from buckling in or rotating in an abnormal fashion. gunnar mossberg, pt, momt, dpt, has practiced physical therapy in san diego since 1982. he can be reached at first


volume iv, no. 3, sept. 1993 * supporting human health, animal rights, and ecology * i spent the first week of august in portland, oregon at the north american vegetarian congress. vegetarian experts from across the country presented lectures, workshops and food demonstrations. one thought - provoking speaker was howard lyman, a former cattle rancher and the executive director of beyond beef. he spoke about bovine spongiform encephalopathy ( bse ), also known as mad cow disease ; bse produces sponge - like holes in a cow ' s brain, leading to crazy behavior and death. transmissible spongiform encephalopathy ( tse ) can be passed from one species of mammal to another by eating infected flesh, and normal forms of sterilization do not destroy the infectious agent. fear of this disease has turned thousands of britons into vegetarians. mr. lyman presented compelling evidence that the disease also infects u. s. herds and is a public health disaster in the making. tse in sheep is known as scrapie. british cows got bse by being fed the ground up remnants of scrapie - infected sheep. ( this highly unnatural food for cows is euphemistically known as a protein supplement and is used to produce more milk in dairy cows and to maximize growth in beef cattle. ) infected cows were then fed to other cows, spreading the disease further. since a cow can be infected for three to eight years before showing symptoms, many britons have undoubtedly eaten contaminated beef. although in 1988 the british government banned the feeding of ruminant animals to other ruminants, the damage has already been done. deaths have occurred in pet cats and several species of zoo animals, all of which consumed cattle products. one dairy farmer who drank the milk of his bse - infected herd for seven years has died of cjd, a human form of tse. if humans have contracted the disease from cows, which is a reasonable assumption, the incubation period may be from 10 to 30 years. the u. s. government maintains that bse has not infected american herds. some veterinary scientists, such as richard marsh from the university of wisconsin, believe differently. although u. s. cows do not show the crazy behavior associated with european bse, the incidence of " downers " in american cattle is increasing dramatically. these are cows that just fall down and don ' t get up again, and marsh thinks they are manifesting bse in a slightly different form.


associated with european bse, the incidence of " downers " in american cattle is increasing dramatically. these are cows that just fall down and don ' t get up again, and marsh thinks they are manifesting bse in a slightly different form. when downer cows were fed to mink on a farm, the mink developed transmissible mink encephalopathy ( tme ) and died. not all cases of dementia in americans turn out to be alzheimer ' s disease upon autopsy. research at the university of pittsburgh indicates that 5 1 / 2 percent of the four million alzheimer ' s patients in the u. s. may actually have cjd. the usda and fda have responded strangely to these ominous warnings. they have not banned the feeding of sheep or cows to other cows. they have not warned americans to avoid beef. instead, they have developed a public relations strategy to deal with the issue. they will need it when the public learns the biggest danger yet associated with eating beef. honolulu herbivore happenings monday, september 6 : informal dinner at 6 : 00 p. m. at fu lu shou, a classic vietnamese / indonesian benelux restaurant at 1451 s. king just past keeaumoku. validated parking, no reservations necessary. questions? karl seff, 395 - 9960 ( h ) or 956 - 7665 ( w ) tuesday, september 14 : monthly meeting of the society. bill harris, m. d., 43 - year vegetarian, will present his video, " the scientific basis of vegetarianism, " and will follow with a question and answer period. 7 : 00 p. m. at st. clement ' s episcopal church, 1515 wilder at makiki street. sunday, september 19 : adopt - a - highway cleanup from koko marina to sandy beach. meet at 9 : 00 a. m. in front of foodland at koko marina shopping center, 7192 kalanianaole hwy ( at lunalilo home rd ). refreshments and prizes along the way. for more information call 538 - 6168. wednesday, september 22 : have you still not visited henry ford iv ' s nuuanu mansion, leased to the hare krishnas? wednesday is vegan night. all you care to eat and drink for $ 7. 50. 6 : 00 p. m., 51 coelho way, off the ewa side of the pali hwy in nuuanu. call karl seff for


vegan night. all you care to eat and drink for $ 7. 50. 6 : 00 p. m., 51 coelho way, off the ewa side of the pali hwy in nuuanu. call karl seff for directions, 395 - 9960 ( h ) or 956 - 7665 ( w ). tuesday, september 28 : the old lasalsa in restaurant row, 500 ala moana blvd., # 5 - d is now called salsa rita. parking is free after 5 : 00 p. m. join us at 6 : 00 p. m. for a mexican supper at this old favorite. enter parking lot on pohukaina st. host, as always, karl seff, 395 - 9960 ( h ) or 956 - 7665 ( w ). saturday, october 2 : world farm animals day, gandhi ' s birthday, and world vegetarian day all in one. meet at the gandhi statue fronting the honolulu zoo at noon. dr. cromwell crawford, director of south asian studies at uh, will speak, and there will be food and music. coordinator : kat lambert 624 - 3434. monday, october 4 : easy parking at 6 : 00 p. m. on university, across from the u. h. informal dinner then at the coffeeline, 1820 university avenue, near the corner of sea view in the ywca bldg. jack boyle, our guest speaker in august, is the chef. 395 - 9960 ( h ) or 956 - 7665 ( w ). tuesday, october 12 : monthly meeting of the society. 7 : 00 p. m. at st. clement ' s episcopal church, 1515 wilder at makiki street. rosalind philips, m. s., m. p. h., r. d., coordinator of nutrition and health programs at castle medical center ' s center for health promotion, will discuss " recently discovered health protecting properties of various plant foods ". wednesday, october 20 : diem ' s, at 2633 s. king, has a vegan menu now. parking validated at corner of s. king and university. come join us at 6 : 00 p. m. for vietnamese food and get a 10 % discount with your current vsh card, at this treasure. karl seff, 395 - 9960 ( h ) or 956 - 7765 ( w ) monday, october 25 : peter burwash, health and fitness author and lecturer,


% discount with your current vsh card, at this treasure. karl seff, 395 - 9960 ( h ) or 956 - 7765 ( w ) monday, october 25 : peter burwash, health and fitness author and lecturer, internationally acclaimed motivational speaker and media personality, and president of the world ' s largest tennis management organization, will speak on " a practical understanding of exercise and nutrition " at the ala moana hotel in the garden lanai room, 410 atkinson drive. 7 : 00 - 9 : 00 p. m. tickets are available at down to earth natural foods, 2525 s. king st. or by sending a self addressed stamped envelope, with check made out to vsh, p. o. box 25233, honolulu 96825. $ 7 for vsh adult members with current membership card and for non - members in advance ; $ 10 at the door for non - members. tuesday, october 26 : join us at 6 : 00 p. m. for an informal gourmet chinese dinner at the largely vegan buddhist vegetarian restaurant in the chinese cultural plaza. 100 n. beretania. reservations unnecessary. for more information call 395 - 9960 ( h ) or 956 - 7665 ( w ) monday, november 1 : let me show you my favorite ( and romantic ) salad bar. plenty good things and good hot bread for $ 7. 95. join us at 7 : 00 p. m. at the original buzz ' s, 413 kawailoa, on the river, across from kailua beach. no credit cards. call karl seff to offer, or request, a ride. 395 - 9960 ( h ) or 956 - 7665 ( w ). tuesday, november 9 : monthly meeting of the society. 7 : 00 p. m. at st. clement ' s episcopal church, 1515 wilder at makiki street. dick allgire, channel 4 news anchor, will discuss, " my favorite doritos experience. " wednesday, november 17 : the greek island taverna is back. it is now at 1345 s. beretania, near keeaumoku. they ' re popular, so george nikolaou asked us to begin at 5 : 30 p. m. karl seff, 395 - 9960 ( h ) or 956 - 7665 ( w ) wednesday, november 24 : fourth annual vegetarian society thanksgiving dinner. a pure vegetarian ( vegan ) dinner will be catered by crepe


m. karl seff, 395 - 9960 ( h ) or 956 - 7665 ( w ) wednesday, november 24 : fourth annual vegetarian society thanksgiving dinner. a pure vegetarian ( vegan ) dinner will be catered by crepe fever restaurant at ward center at 6 : 00 p. m. the address is 1200 ala moana blvd. tickets are available at eco foods, 1541 s. beretania, or by mailing a self addressed stamped envelope with your check made out to vsh, p. o. 25233, honolulu 96825. seating is limited, so purchase your tickets early. $ 18 for adults, $ 8 for children under 12, and no charge for children 3 and under. a $ 2 refund will be given at the door to adult vsh members who present their current vsh membership cards. questions about the menu or recipe ingredients should be directed to the vegetarian society at 395 - 1499, not to crepe fever. every sunday from 7 : 00 - 9 : 00 p. m., k108 am radio presents " nutrition and you ", with terry shintani m. d., and triathlete ruth heidrich. call in to the show at 522 - 5108. events of the vegetarian society will be announced on the program. on kitv - 4 ' s 5 : 00 news, dick allgire ' s health report presents vegetarian ideas, and now on thursdays, dick ' s vegetarian recipes. " the scientific basis of vegetarianism, " a one hour video by vsh editor bill harris, m. d. will be shown sundays, september 12 and 26, at 2 : 00 pm on cable access channels 22 ( oceanic ) and 8 ( chronicle ). watch vsh president elaine french prepare vegetarian recipes on " the vegetarian chef ", mondays, at 6 : 00 pm cable access channels 22 ( oceanic ) or 8 ( chronicle ). the first four programs are now available on vhs tape ( see items, page 2 ). call to action by the attendees of the 4th biennial congress of the vegetarian union of north america 33rd annual convention of the american vegan society we call on people who want to live long, healthy lives, people who care about world hunger, people who care about the environment, people who care about animals, and people who care about future generations, to recognize that we have a common goal that can be reached in large part through a common solution : a low - fat, vegetarian diet. we call


who care about the environment, people who care about animals, and people who care about future generations, to recognize that we have a common goal that can be reached in large part through a common solution : a low - fat, vegetarian diet. we call on the american and canadian heart associations, cancer societies, dietetic associations and the usda and the national institutes of health to spend no less than 5056 of their current budgets on educating the public that a low - fat vegetarian diet can prevent and often reverse disease. we call on the life and health insurance industries to acknowledge the reduced risk of heart disease, cancer, and many other diseases for people who follow a low - fat vegetarian diet. we call on health care policy makers to recognize that a change to a low - fat vegetarian diet will substantially reduce health - care costs. we call on public schools and other educational institution to offer low - fat vegetarian diet options daily ~ we call on hospital food service managers to serve low - fat vegetarian food especially to patients, but also in cafeterias and on - site restaurants. we ask hospitals to focus on public education about truly health supporting nutrition. we call on cardiologists, oncologist, family physicians, pediatricians, surgeons, and other physicians to study, counsel and implement low - fat vegetarian diets as life - saving, cost - saving alternatives to drugs and surgery. we call on north american professional chefs and restaurants to learn about and provide health - promoting vegetarian meals. we call on the beef, egg, dairy and other animal product industries to cease their misleading advertising. we call on the united states and canadian governments to stop all subsidies to the animal agriculture industry and to initiate transition programs for sustainable plant - based agriculture. the state of our health, our environment, and our economy mandate an immediate commitment. the time for this transition to a truly health - supporting, sustainable plant - based diet is now. for the sake of all who live and all who will come after us, we the signers of this call. to action offer our expertise, cooperation, and support to all to help accomplish this essential transition. red and green succotash - 2 cups dry lima beans - 1 large onion, chopped - 3 cloves garlic, minced - 1 stalk celery, diced - 1 15 - oz can tomatoes, cut up - 1 cup frozen corn - 1 tbsp cumin - 1 tbsp basil - 1 tsp dried crushed red pepper - 1 / 2 tsp salt - 2 cups shredded fresh spinach cook lima


celery seed - 1 tsp liquid smoke - 1 / 2 tsp salt thaw the tempeh and cut it into quarters. steam over boiling water for 20 minutes. cut each piece in half horizontally, then in bite sized pieces. combine all other ingredients in a small saucepan and heat for a few minutes to blend flavors. put tempeh pieces in a single layer in an 8 x 8 pan and pour half the barbecue sauce over them. broil for 5 minutes, then turn them over and cover with the rest of the sauce. broil 5 more minutes and serve as an appetizer. - 20 very small red potatoes ( about 3 lbs. ) - juice of 2 lemons ( about 1 / 4 cup ) - 1 tbsp reduced sodium soy sauce - 1 tsp onion powder - 2 tbsp nutritional yeast flakes - 2 tbsp chopped fresh dill scrub the potatoes well and cut out any bad spots. steam them whole until tender. ( they can also be boiled or microwaved. ) while still hot, cut in quarters and sprinkle the cut sides liberally with lemon juice, then with a little soy sauce. sprinkle on onion powder, yeast and dill. if you have any lemon juice left you can add a little more before serving. ( try putting the lemon juice and soy sauce in a spray bottle with a fine mist spray. this is a simple way to coat the potatoes evenly and quickly. ) nutrient ( percent of rda per calorie ) percent of calories from : meet the members " i used to weigh 175 pounds and feel lethargic, " says katalina lambert. in january, 1992, her husband michael, a first lieutenant at schofield barracks, was out in the field, so kat took the opportunity to read a dozen books. " then i went on a four day juice fast, " she says, and by the end, " i was bouncing off the walls. " aerobics, exercise, and a vegetarian diet came next, and in a month she had lost 20 pounds, finally bottoming out at 135. " i feel like a teenager, " says kat, " but i ' m 24. " well, that ' s pretty ancient all right, but she also noted some other changes. " the only time i feel pain is when i eat fat. " before the diet switch, cramps were a given. only 2 out of nineteen periods have been crampy since then and those followed diet lapses like fried


some other changes. " the only time i feel pain is when i eat fat. " before the diet switch, cramps were a given. only 2 out of nineteen periods have been crampy since then and those followed diet lapses like fried zucchini, fatty granola bars, and oily meals at restaurants. " i never had pms but i could be ah... difficult to get along with. " males, take note. unless you ' re a monk, female dietary patterns concern you, too. " people don ' t realize they don ' t like meat until they ' ve given it up for awhile, " says kat. " but you teach by example. get to know people. let them ask the questions. tell them to give up meat for a week, not a lifetime. " then they find out for themselves. " children are very receptive, " says kat, who works as substitute teacher. a dozen neighbor kids enjoy hiking with her to kolekole pass or the manoa waterfall. " the young people are starting to see vegetarianism as the wave of the future. " she grew up in a home with 14 dogs and 9 cats, and there ' s a statue of a cow in her living room. " we should never kill anything unless it ' s absolutely necessary, " says kat, but environmental concerns are also important. " i want to protect the world for the children. " her vegetarianism rubbed off on her maternal grandmother who noted big improvements in her rheumatoid arthritis on a near - vegan diet. her father now dotes on rice and beans, and a brother - in - law leans toward veganism. kat grew up in miami, and in the ninth grade gifted program got a governor ' s scholarship. in high school she competed in basketball, swimming, tennis, and volleyball. she was on the boy ' s wrestling team for three weeks, and her water polo team came in second in the junior nationals. she attended miami - dade college, then took her b. a. at florida international university. " hawaii is like florida, but with mountains, " says kat who would like to stay here and start a health resort. in the meantime she ' s a substitute teacher waiting to see if husband michael ' s 1994 orders will take them back to the mainland, or keep him here in the army ' s chemical decontamination program. meantime, michael ' s become a pretty good vegan cook. " he felt pressured at first, but now


' s 1994 orders will take them back to the mainland, or keep him here in the army ' s chemical decontamination program. meantime, michael ' s become a pretty good vegan cook. " he felt pressured at first, but now he ' s developed an almond - tofu dish our neighbor swears is chicken, " says kat. lieutenant lambert feels he ' s in the army to prevent war. with predatory nationalistic movements ever present, this may be close to the truth. katalina lambert, our member with two animals, " cat " and " lamb ", in her name has been an enormous help to vsh. she ' ll be coordinating the upcoming peter burwash lecture as well as world farm animal ' s day, at the gandhi statue october 2. she handled the " meatout " last year, and helped us evaluate the kahuku agricultural park proposal. we ' re happy to welcome her as a new vsh board member. - bill harris, m. d. fine dining at the bottom of the food chain no need ask yes, there ' s a restaurant where you can order anything on the extensive menu without checking with the waiter, who has to check with the cook before you order. this is purely and simply vegan with no m. s. g. and you don ' t have to search for parking so, my darlings, what else could you ask for? brown rice? yes, of course they have it! the buddhist vegetarian restaurant is located in the chinese cultural plaza with the entrance on river street, convenient for my trips to buy vegetables in chinatown. the ambience is more upscale than others in its price range. an elegant chandelier and linen tablecloths and napkins set a nicer than average tone. the food, ah, yes, gluten, tofu, and vegetables abound, along with appetizers and soups aplenty. this is real chinese fare, not adapted to american taste. i haven ' t yet tried the cauliflower with moss, or stuffed bamboo pith, but they ' re on my list for next time. we sampled the dim sum for lunch last april and again last week. they have a good variety, some fried and too greasy. but the char siu bow ( manapua ) was excellent. the siu mai, made with chinese mushrooms, yams, and taro looked as good as they tasted. for dinner, the assorted vegetables and mushrooms with pine nuts in taro


char siu bow ( manapua ) was excellent. the siu mai, made with chinese mushrooms, yams, and taro looked as good as they tasted. for dinner, the assorted vegetables and mushrooms with pine nuts in taro basket was good looking. shredded taro was formed into a basket shape and fried like a taco... very decorative but too much oil to eat. the spicy hot and sour soup was very hot - - chili intensive to the max, a taste bud waker - upper. braised, stuffed winter melon was good, too. the wait staff ' s english isn ' t always adequate, but there ' s been a host who is fluent in english to help answer your questions. enter the parking garage on moanalua street, pay one dollar for the two hour ' s parking. phone 532 - 8218. closed wednesdays. open 10 : 30am - 2 : 00pm and 5 : 30pm - 9 : 00pm other days. the island vegetarian the vsh was well represented at the north american vegetarian congress held 4 - 8 august in portland, or. major presentations were given by william harris, m. d., and ruth heidrich, ph. d., and cooking classes by elaine french. in addition, michael klaper, m. d., neal bernard, m. d., marc sorensen, ed. d., robert kradjian, m. d., were also " stars " of the conference, making it an exciting, action - packed five days. if you ' ve never been to a conference like this, you definitely owe it to yourself to go... bill harris, m. d. also spoke at the summerfest ' 93 of the north american vegetarian society, at bryant college in rhode island, 21 - 25 july. this was another swinging affair with tremendous vegan food, and lectures by dozens of speakers and health professionals with different approaches to the same message : " if you ' re serious about health, the environment, and ethics, better go veggie "... data released by the hawaii agricultural statistics service shows an 11 % drop in beef production since april of last year. the drop was thought due to increased shipment of young cattle to the mainland... veteran vegetarian u. s. representative andy jacobs ( indiana ) has sponsored h. con. res. 4, " expressing the sense of the congress that federally funded school lunches should provide optional meatless meals "... members


mainland... veteran vegetarian u. s. representative andy jacobs ( indiana ) has sponsored h. con. res. 4, " expressing the sense of the congress that federally funded school lunches should provide optional meatless meals "... members who want to have more involvement in vsh plans and activities are invited to attend our board of directors ' meetings. this quarter ' s meetings will be held sunday, september 12 and sunday, november 7 at 3 : 00 p. m. at st. clement ' s church. meetings start on time and can last as long as three hours. please bring your valid membership card for identification. are you on the phone committee? you may be surprised to learn that the committee no longer exists. at our july board meeting we decided that maintaining an updated phone list and adequate numbers of volunteers took too much work considering how seldom we used the committee. from now on, we will mail postcards to the members when we have urgent material to disseminate. thank you to all volunteers who donated their time to make phone calls. we may call upon your services when we need to label and stamp postcards! you may have noticed that we have no potluck dinners scheduled for the fall quarter. they have been discontinued until we find a volunteer to organize them. unstructured potlucks were not successful because some people brought only a bag of chips or a loaf of bread, ( and sometimes no food at all! ), then expected to eat the food others had prepared. people who prepared a nice dish felt resentful, and the skimpy selection gave a bad impression to new and potential members. it cost us money to rent the room and we prefer to spend our membership dues on educational materials. an organizer should arrive early and open the room, bring paper plates, cups napkins and plasticware, collect $ 1. 00 per person attending, and check that each person ' s food contribution is appropriate. he or she should also make sure the kitchen is clean and should close up the room at the end of the evening. if not able to attend a scheduled potluck, the organizer must find someone to take his / her place. we are sorry to report that we will not be able to host the 1995 american vegan society convention in honolulu. in researching possible locations, member clay roberts was unable to find an oahu school with dormitories, classrooms, an auditorium, a demonstration kitchen and kitchen staff willing to prepare vegan food under supervision. many thanks to clay for his


in honolulu. in researching possible locations, member clay roberts was unable to find an oahu school with dormitories, classrooms, an auditorium, a demonstration kitchen and kitchen staff willing to prepare vegan food under supervision. many thanks to clay for his efforts and to marcia deutch for assisting him. the amount of office work required to keep vsh functioning continues to grow. burn - out is a real hazard for the leaders of volunteer organizations who put in unbelievable hours of work for no pay. if one of our members is experienced at researching and writing grants and would like to contribute some time to helping us, we are looking for money to pay one person part time ; this could partially compensate our weary president for her work! we would also like to train another office volunteer to process new members and renewals and answer correspondence. call us today! ( show current vsh membership card ) attorney david l. bourgoin offers our members a 25 % discount on all legal services. phone 523 - 7779. the buddhist vegetarian restaurant, 100 n. beretania, offers our members a 5 % discount. classic rustproofing, 1437 n. king st. 20 % off rustproofing, fabric and paint sealants, waxing and polishing. phone 848 - 0941. crepe fever at ward center, 1200 ala moana blvd. offers a free beverage with meals. diem vietnamese restaurant, 2633 s. king st., offers our members a 10 % discount. down to earth ( both store and deli ), 2525 s. king st., offers our members a 5 % discount. fox photo offers us a 40 % discount on developing and printing, 25 % off on enlargements, panoramic prints and reprints, and 20 % off e - 6 slide processing. cameras at cost plus 10 % at any location here. send sase to vsh for fox discount card good on mainland. hana plantation houses resort on maui offers us discounts of up to 25 % off regular rates. for more information write to : p. o. box 489 - v ; hana, hi 96713. phone : 1 - 800 - 657 - 7723 or ( 808 ) 248 - 7248. hawaiian eye - land, 1901 kapiolani blvd. suite 195, offers us a 20 % discount for contact lenses and eye wear. phone 947 - 3121. hawaii health and fitness guide ( by mail only ) is one dollar off


hawaiian eye - land, 1901 kapiolani blvd. suite 195, offers us a 20 % discount for contact lenses and eye wear. phone 947 - 3121. hawaii health and fitness guide ( by mail only ) is one dollar off the regular $ 7. 95 price plus free shipping and postage. send $ 6. 95 to aurora productions ; 4400 - 4 kalanianaole hwy suite 174 ; honolulu, hi 96821. state that you are a vsh member. huckleberry farms, 1613 nuuanu ave., offers us a 10 % discount on vitamins only. island fender, 918 ilaniwai st. off ward ave. $ 25 - $ 100 discount on collision insurance deductibles. phone 521 - 8757. the juice stop at 1050 ala moana ( ward warehouse at " the food express " ) offers us a 10 % discount. 545 - 4022. national institute of fitness ( nif ) in st. george, utah offers members a 10 % discount, upon presentation of current vsh membership card at registration. for a brochure with information on nif, send a sase to us. petra ' s keiki garden ( vegetarian daycare ) offers 8 % off the full time monthly fee of $ 485 or off the part time monthly fee of $ 300. call 395 - 5829 for more information. " choose what is best. habit will soon render it agreeable and easy. " made with a mac - think different... copyrighted 2005. please feel free to use the information contained on this site, however.. no reproduction is allowed without the express permission of the vegetarian society of hawaii hosting donated by


when it comes to a department of computer science, computer engineering, or information technology, the goal should be that everyone who qualifies to take courses within your department and anyone who is qualified to teach them should be able to do so. universal design can provide an approach for making your department accessible to all potential students and instructors. " universal design " is defined as the design of products and environments to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design. " it suggests that, rather than design your departmental offerings for the average user, design them for people with a broad range of abilities, disabilities, ages, reading levels, learning styles, native languages, cultures, and other characteristics. in applying universal design, keep in mind that individuals in your department may have learning disabilities or visual, speech, hearing, and mobility impairments. make sure everyone - feels welcome, - can get to facilities and maneuver within them, - is able to gain the full benefit of information resources and courses, and - can make use of equipment and software. although applying universal design minimizes the need for accommodations for students, faculty, and staff with disabilities, it is also important to have a plan in place to respond to additional accommodation requests in a timely manner and to assure that faculty and staff are prepared to work with colleagues and students who have disabilities. the university of washington has drafted an accessibility checklist to guide you in making your computing department more accessible. this document is called equal access : universal design of computing departments. more information about applications of universal design can be found in the do - it publication applications of universal design. - " universal design " - equal access : universal design of computing departments - applications of universal design