motorcyclists are faced with an inherent danger just by the fact that they are smaller than other vehicles on the road. a high percentage of motorcycle accidents are caused by failure to yield violations, often a left turn in front of a motorcycle. often the violator ’ s excuse is “ i didn ’ t see him ”, or “ i made a left turn and it ( the motorcycle ) came out of nowhere ”. there has even been legislation to increase the penalties for offenders in motorcycle accidents, for instance, the pickholtz act in louisiana, and there are motorcycle organizations like the motorcycle awareness campaign and american motorcycle association working to increase awareness of riders on our roads and highways. despite these efforts, the right of way violation issue remains a big problem for motorcyclists. according to the hurt study ( the most comprehensive motorcycle safety study to date ), 77 % of two vehicle motorcycle accidents occur in the 10, 11, 12, 1, and 2 o ’ clock positions of the motorcycle. the area behind the rider, accounts only for about 3 % of impacts. from this study it is easy to conclude that not only are drivers not seeing motorcyclists, most of the time they aren ’ t seeing them when they are approaching from the front. there are things riders can do to increase their frontal visibility, like wearing brightly colored clothing, however, the most effective accessory for frontal visibility may be a device called a motorcycle headlight modulator. a motorcycle headlight modulator is a device that increases and decreases the intensity of a motorcycle headlight fast enough that the headlight appears to flicker, or “ modulate ”. the modulation of the headlight makes the motorcycle significantly more visible to other drivers – as much as 200 % more visible. higher visibility means increased rider safety. the motorcycle headlight modulator is now legal in all fifty states and canada. for a short time, states resisted its use because they claimed it could be confused with a police officer light, or be distracting to other drivers, but it has proven to be a viable safety product to help keep motorcyclists visible and safe on the roads and has rapidly become accepted by every state. furthermore, federal motor vehicle safety standard ( fmvs ) 108 supersedes all state laws as long as certain compliance standards are met. to view the dot regulations regarding headlight modulators, click here. motorcycle headlight modulators are all fairly easy to install and all have a programmable daylight sensor ( federal law prohibits using them at night ). headlight mod


lab techniques · with robotic equipment, harvard team scans cells faster than researchers can blink their eyes by mark d. uehling january 15, 2008 | whatever its marvels, the human eye has a critical flaw. it ' s connected to a much larger organ, and that gray heap can only see so much so fast. fortunately, steven altschuler, from harvard ' s bauer center for genomics research, and colleagues have speeded up the process, adapting automated microscopy for high - throughput drug screening. the approach relies on " hypothesis - free molecular cytology that provides multidimensional single - cell phenotypic information yet is simple and inexpensive enough to allow extensive dose - response profiles for many drugs, " altschuler and colleagues wrote in a paper in science last november. the team tested 100 drug compounds in 16 concentrations in hamster cells, arrayed in 386 - well plates that were digitally photographed and analyzed according to 93 different variables. the result : 600, 000 images and a billion data points occupying 2 terabytes of disk space. this sort of thing may not be possible at a community college but seems feasible at any major campus or company. spending only $ 100, 000, the harvard group used a nikon fluorescence microscope, a cooled camera from hamamatsu, and a plate - transfer crane from hudson. it was all controlled by metamorph software. co - author timothy mitchison, deputy chair of harvard ' s department of systems biology, says the prodigious volume of data was " equal to the number of measurements we ' d collected in my lab, ever, times 107. " mitchison could only give the mountain of data to his statisticians, who adapted the kolmogorov - smirnov algorithm to detect patterns in the cellular images. the take - home message is that informatics ( in this case, matlab software, running on a 50 - node linux cluster ) can discern both expected visual patterns for similar drugs and unexpected ways in which ostensibly similar drugs generate different heat map profiles. the technique could help industry categorize new compounds with known mechanisms of action — or discover altogether new ways that drugs work. " we can screen 5, 000 wells a day, " mitchison says, " which is slow by high - throughput standards but fast by cell biology standards. " perlman z. e., et al. " multidimensional drug profiling by automated microscopy. " science 306, 1194 - 98 ; 2004.


- name : vincent van gogh - occupation : painter - birth date : march 30, 1853 - death date : july 29, 1890 - education : brussels academy - place of birth : zundert, netherlands - place of death : auvers - sur - oise, france - full name : vincent willem van gogh - aka : vincent van gogh - aka : van gogh - nickname : " christ of the coal mines " best known for vincent van gogh is considered the greatest dutch painter after rembrandt, although he remained poor and virtually unknown throughout his life. vincent van gogh - full episode ( 44 : 14 ) watch a short video about vincent van gogh and find out why the famous artists life came to a tragic end. work and solitude took its toll on van gogh, and he started to act strangely from paint and turpentine fumes. vincent van gogh cut off his ear and delivered it to a prostitute. while hospitalized, van gogh worked in a studio set up by his brother theo. inspired by a dream, vincent van gogh painted " the starry night. " he took his own life one year later at age 37 in auvers sur oise, near paris. a full biography about the most influential 20th century painter, vincent van gogh. think you know about biography? answer questions and see how you rank against other players. play now vincent van gogh was born on march 30, 1853, in groot - zundert, netherlands. van gogh was a post - impressionist painter whose work, notable for its beauty, emotion and color, highly influenced 20th - century art. he struggled with mental illness, and remained poor and virtually unknown throughout his life. van gogh died in france on july 29, 1890, at age 37, from a self - inflicted gunshot wound. " as for me, i am rather often uneasy in my mind, because i think that my life has not been calm enough ; all those bitter disappointments, adversities, changes keep me from developing fully and naturally in my artistic career. " " for my part i know nothing with any certainty, but the sight of the stars makes me dream. " " but i always think that the best way to know god is to love many things. " vincent van gogh was born vincent willem van gogh on march 30, 1853, in groot - zundert, netherlands. his father, theodorus van gogh, was an austere country minister, and his mother, anna cornelia carbentus, was a moody artist whose love of nature


march 30, 1853, in groot - zundert, netherlands. his father, theodorus van gogh, was an austere country minister, and his mother, anna cornelia carbentus, was a moody artist whose love of nature, drawing and watercolors was transferred to her son. van gogh was born exactly one year after his parents ' first son, also named vincent, was stillborn. at a young age — his name and birthdate already etched on his dead brother ' s headstone — van gogh was melancholy. at age 15, van gogh ' s family was struggling financially, and he was forced to leave school and go to work. he got a job at his uncle cornelis ’ art dealership, goupil & cie., a firm of art dealers in the hague. by this time, van gogh was fluent in french, german and english, as well as his native dutch. in june of 1873, van gogh was transferred to the groupil gallery in london. there, he fell in love with english culture. he visited art galleries in his spare time, and also became a fan of the writings of charles dickens and george eliot. he also fell in love with his landlady ’ s daughter, eugenie loyer. when she rejected his marriage proposal, van gogh suffered a breakdown. he threw away all his books except for the bible, and devoted his life to god. he became angry with people at work, telling customers not to buy the " worthless art, " and was eventually fired. van gogh then taught in a methodist boys ' school, and also preached to the congregation. although raised in a religious family, it wasn ' t until this time that he seriously began to consider devoting his life to the church. hoping to become a minister, he prepared to take the entrance exam to the school of theology in amsterdam. after a year of studying diligently, he refused to take the latin exams, calling latin a " dead language " of poor people, and was subsequently denied entrance. the same thing happened at the church of belgium : in the winter of 1878, van gogh volunteered to move to an impoverished coal mine in the south of belgium, a place where preachers were usually sent as punishment. he preached and ministered to the sick, and also drew pictures of the miners and their families, who called him " christ of the coal mines. " the evangelical committees were not as pleased. they disagreed with van gogh ' s lifestyle, which had begun to take on a


joy adamson biography joy adamson was born january 20, 1910, in troppau, austria - hungary. she relocated to kenya, where she married george adamson, a british game warden. she won international renown with her african wildlife books, especially the trilogy describing how the couple raised a lion cub, elsa. in 1961 she founded the elsa wild animal appeal. at age 69 she was murdered by a disgruntled employee. artist and naturalist joy adamson spent much of her life in africa, following her passion for animals. in 1960 book born free, she detailed her adventures with a young lion cub called elsa. this story struck a chord with readers around the world, helping to spur interest in animal conservation in africa. the story of this famous writer actually begins in europe. born friederike victoria gessner, she grew up in troppau, which was part of the austria - hungary empire and is now known as opava, czech republic. adamson enjoyed a life of wealth and privilege as the daughter of a wealthy architect. she studied piano and the arts, among other subjects, in school. adamson married for the first time in 1935, becoming the wife of businessman victor von klarwill. he sent her on a trip to africa on her own. according to some reports, von klarwill wanted her to see if they could move there. adamson, however, soon met another man, botanist peter bally, during her travels. in love with this new land and bally, she decided to stay in africa and divorce her husband. adamson wed bally in 1937, and it was bally who gave her the nickname " joy " — a moniker she used for the rest of her life. at first, adamson painted the plant life of africa. she eventually expanded her artistic endeavors to make portraits of people from indigenous cultures in kenya. after ending her marriage to bally in 1942, she met a game warden named george adamson. he became her third husband, and they spent some of their early years together, traveling around east africa for his job and living in tent camps. in 1956, adamson ' s husband shot a lion in self - defense. he discovered that she had only attacked to protect her three cubs. rescuing the young animals, george brought them home to joy. they gave two away to a zoo, but they kept one that they named elsa. joy developed a close bond with the animal, which she raised. in born free ( 1960 ),


. rescuing the young animals, george brought them home to joy. they gave two away to a zoo, but they kept one that they named elsa. joy developed a close bond with the animal, which she raised. in born free ( 1960 ), she chronicled her relationship with elsa and her efforts to return her to the wild. adamson explained that elsa " became almost like my child. because i had no children, i have spent all my emotion on her and my other animals. but i cannot make them my own. " adamson ' s book became an international best seller, and its success put the spotlight on the need to preserve african wildlife. she wrote two more books about elsa and her cubs, living free ( 1961 ) and forever free ( 1962 ). in addition to sharing her experiences and observations through writing, adamson established her own conservation group, the elsa wild animal appeal. in 1966, the film adaptation of born free became an international smash. the film starred bill travers and virginia mckenna as george and joy adamson. by the time of the film ' s release, adamson had turned much of her attention to a young cheetah, which she named pippa. helping pippa learn to be a wild cheetah became the subject of the 1969 book the spotted sphinx. while on the big screen, george and joy were depicted as a happy, loving couple, the pair became estranged over the years, and they stopped living together as early as 1971. according to some stories, they were divided over their conservation work. george preferred to be in the field, while joy did more lecturing and writing. there are also reports that joy adamson had an intense personality and did not get along well with others much of the time. one associate told people that adamson " was so stubborn and unyielding and people did not live up to her expectations. " adamson spent the last few years of her life exploring her interest in leopards. she was given a leopard cub in 1976, which she named penny, and she lived in an area where she could observe other leopards in the wild. in addition to her animal studies, adamson took the time to write her own autobiography, 1979 ' s the searching spirit. on the night of january 3, 1980, adamson took her usual evening stroll. she never returned home. only a short distance away, her body was found on the road. it looked like she had been killed in an animal attack at first. a few days later, the authorities determined that


effects of immunostimulation on social behavior, chemical communication and genome - wide gene expression in honey bee workers ( apis mellifera ) 1 laboratoire ecologie evolution symbiose, umr cnrs 6556, university of poitiers, 40 avenue du recteur pineau, cedex, f - 86022, poitiers, france 2 department of entomology, center for pollinator research, center for chemical ecology, huck institutes of the life sciences, pennsylvania state university, university park, pa, 16802, usa 3 previous address : department of entomology, north carolina state university, raleigh, nc, 27695, usa bmc genomics 2012, 13 : 558 doi : 10. 1186 / 1471 - 2164 - 13 - 558published : 16 october 2012 social insects, such as honey bees, use molecular, physiological and behavioral responses to combat pathogens and parasites. the honey bee genome contains all of the canonical insect immune response pathways, and several studies have demonstrated that pathogens can activate expression of immune effectors. honey bees also use behavioral responses, termed social immunity, to collectively defend their hives from pathogens and parasites. these responses include hygienic behavior ( where workers remove diseased brood ) and allo - grooming ( where workers remove ectoparasites from nestmates ). we have previously demonstrated that immunostimulation causes changes in the cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of workers, which results in altered worker - worker social interactions. thus, cuticular hydrocarbons may enable workers to identify sick nestmates, and adjust their behavior in response. here, we test the specificity of behavioral, chemical and genomic responses to immunostimulation by challenging workers with a panel of different immune stimulants ( saline, sephadex beads and gram - negative bacteria e. coli ). while only bacteria - injected bees elicited altered behavioral responses from healthy nestmates compared to controls, all treatments resulted in significant changes in cuticular hydrocarbon profiles. immunostimulation caused significant changes in expression of hundreds of genes, the majority of which have not been identified as members of the canonical immune response pathways. furthermore, several new candidate genes that may play a role in cuticular hydrocarbon biosynthesis were identified. effects of immune challenge expression of several genes involved in immune response, cuticular hydrocarbon biosynthesis, and the notch signaling pathway were confirmed using quantitative


an infection of the lining of the uterus is called ' endometritis '. this type of infection may happen for around 1 to 3 % of woman after a vaginal birth, and 10 to 30 % of women after a caesarean birth. other factors that can increase the likelihood of a uterine infection occurring can include the waters being broken for more than 24 hours, a long labour, and multiple internal vaginal examinations during the labour, retaining a part of the placenta or membranes in the uterus after the birth and interventions such as forceps or ventouse. women who are anaemic are also at increased risk, because their resistance and immunity are lowered. the signs of a uterine infection can include : - a fever ( above 38o celsius ) and a rapid pulse ( above 100 beats per minute ). - lower abdominal pain, with the uterus being tender to touch, when the belly is felt. - the vaginal blood loss smelling offensive, or looking like it has greenish, yellow pus mixed with it. - possibly heavier bleeding. - possibly a headache, sweats and ' the shakes ' ( known as ' rigors ' ). uterine infections can be caused by hospital acquired bacteria, or bacteria the woman is already carrying ( such as gardnerella ). however, it is often hard to pinpoint the actual bacteria causing the infection, because of the difficulty in taking a laboratory swab test of the inside of the uterus. it is believed that most cases of endometritis are caused by a combination of different bacteria. endometritis can be divided into 2 types : - early onset - within 2 to 3 days of the birth. this is the most common type. or - late onset - from 3 to 5 days, up to 6 weeks after the birth. this may be due to a small section of the placenta being left inside the uterus that slowly breaks down, and eventually causes a uterine infection. this is less common.


| simple. classic. traditional. tapa, or ngatu, as it is called in tonga, was used as clothing by the polynesians of long ago. it was used in traditional ceremonies and given as a gift for special occassions including weddings. the process for making such a valuable and useful handicraft is a labor intensive process. it starts with the growing, cultivating and harvesting of the inner bark of the paper mulberry tree ( hiapo ). once cleaned, the strips of inner bark are pounded with a wooden mallet ( ike ) on a long wooden anvil ( tutua ). from there, the strips are glued together using a paste made from tapioca root or arrow root. two or more layers of the cloth are pasted together crosswise to strengthen the material. the blank canvas is a license for creativity for todays interior designers, artists and costume makers. tapa does have unfinished edges and slight imperfections due to the nature of the tree branches. tapa cloth for purchase is approximately 1 1 / 2 ft. wide. available in different lengths. tapa is double layered. tapa has small minor imperfections. tapa may be cut or be made of at least 2 smaller pieces. 8 ft. length ( approx ). - $ 39 10 ft. length ( approx ). - $ 44 back to tongan handicrafts


dr. thomas parham to discuss theory nigrescence, translated as : ' the process of becoming black. ' by bvn staff – “ replace misinformation about mental health and erase prejudice, fear, and blame, thereby reducing stigma and disparities to the african american community. ” that ’ s the message set for the week - long african american mental health awareness week, february 13 - 18 at uc riverside. african americans in the united states are less likely to receive accurate diagnoses than their caucasian counterparts. schizophrenia, for instance has been shown to be over diagnosed in the african american population. culture biases against mental health professionals and health care professionals in general prevent many african americans from accessing care due to prior experiences wi th historical misdiagnoses, inadequate treatment and a lack of cultural understanding ; only 2 percent of psychiatrists, 2 percent of psychologists and 4 percent of social workers in the uni ted states are african american. it ’ s one of the biggest misconceptions people have – that mental illness can ’ t happen to them, says renowned psychologist thomas a. parham, phd. dr. parham, assistant vice chancellor for counseling and health services, at uc irvine joins an impressive slate of professionals putting the issue of mental health disparities among african americans front and center on the riverside campus. for the past 30 plus years, dr. parham has focused his research efforts in the area of psychological nigrescence and has authored numerous articles in the area. writing in the areas of identity development, african psychology, and multicultural counseling remains his primary focus. he is the co - author of a book entitled the psychology of blacks : an african american perspective 2nd ed., and the author of books entitled psychological storms : the african american struggle for identity and counseling african descent people : raising the bar of practitioner competence. “ mental health problems and illnesses can affect anyone at any age, and everyone can benefit from improved mental health, ” says thomas, who recognizes that the stigma surrounding mental illness is often a huge barrier to understanding, diagnosis and treatment. dr. parham believes that academic excellence is facilitated and strengthened when students have a strong mind, healthy body, enlivened spirit, and clear aspirations, nurtured in a supportive environment. “ at uci, we strive to create an academic ambiance which reflects the building blocks to wellness. through instructional and co - curricular experiences, students learn to master the six building blocks to a healthy academic experience, and a brighter future ripe with possibilities


at uci, we strive to create an academic ambiance which reflects the building blocks to wellness. through instructional and co - curricular experiences, students learn to master the six building blocks to a healthy academic experience, and a brighter future ripe with possibilities. honoring black history month, dr. parham will present “ the challenges of african - centered parenthood : nurturing the next general of young minds and souls. ” monday, february 13 – hub 302 south - 6 : 00 - 8 : 00 p. m. also on tap are mental health notables adisa ajamu ( ah - dee - sah ) ( ah - jah - moo ), executive director of the atunwa collective, a community development think tank located in los angeles and v. diane woods, dr. p. h., m. s. n., rn. dr. woods, founding president and ceo of the african american health institute of san bernardino county. adisa served as the founding program manager ( 2007 - 2011 ) for the substance abuse and mental health services agency ( samhsa ) ( aamft / mfp ) where he was responsible for the design, development and implementation of the minority fellowship program for the american association for marriage and family therapy. in conducting her community - based participatory research with the african american population, dr. woods has been funded by many agencies including the national centers for disease control and prevention ( cdc ) in atlanta, georgia and the department of health and human services ( dhhs ) in washington, dc. in 2005, dr. woods was designated a health disparities scholar by the national institutes of health ( nih ) national center on minority health and health disparities. currently, dr. woods is the director for the statewide california department of mental health reducing disparities project ( crdp ) african american strategic planning workgroup. the week - long forum will also feature a panel discussion focusing on african american male - female relationships, and how mental health is a critical component in a healthy relationship. ucr professor dr. scott brooks, among others, to present. “ the goal of this week is to help heighten awareness of mental health in the african american community and encourage people to put misconceptions and stereotypes to rest, ” said dr. carolyn murray, professor of psychology at ucr. murray said mental health awareness week is designed to heed the voice of the african american community and respond to concerns about inappropriate treatments, identify barriers, develop strategies, and explore resources and


health and health care are distributed unevenly in this country and minority populations often get less of both. members of minority communities have higher rates of chronic illnesses such as diabetes and hypertension. they have higher rates of many cancers and those cancers often reveal themselves at later stages when they are harder to treat. a black male child born in 2006 will live on average to age 70, but a white male child born the same year will live to 76. a black female child will live to 77, but a white female child will live to 81. there are no simple reasons for these disparities and there are no simple solutions either. this is not just about health care access, but health care access is important. this is not just about income and education, but income and education are important. this is not just about social class, but social class is important. this is not just about a history of prejudice and discrimination, but that history, and its enduring and painful legacy, are important. what is known is that it will take a campaign to address and reverse these disparities — a campaign that will require combinations of research and management, evidence and commitment, science and activism. in 2001, the department of veterans affairs created the va center for health equity research and promotion with the explicit goal of identifying, explaining, and eliminating disparities in health and health care in veteran populations and others. interventions to reduce disparities in joint replacement, in the management of hypertension, in the treatment of mental illness, and in the care of veterans at the end of their life, reflect cherp ’ s efforts to advance equity in the health and health care of our country ’ s veterans and to serve as a model for the nation. there are no easy solutions to redressing health disparities, but those goals are advanced by sustained efforts, informed by thought and scholarship, and motivated by commitment and passion. dr. david a. asch works for veterans affairs center for health equity research and promotion.


| this french colonial building was originally the living and working headquarters for the governor general of indochina. after vietnam ' s defeat of the french in 1954, ho chi minh refused to live here, preferring instead the modest cottage on the palace ' s grounds ( from 1954 to 1958 ). in 1958, he moved into the house on stilts. | oblique view of the frontduring ho chi minh ' s leadership, the palace was used, however, for meetings and to house guests ; today it is used for formal and important government meetings. | this bright mustard building, though a french colonial building, bears a resemblance to italianate renaissance and baroque palaces. the second floor ( the piano nobile ) is the important formal floor with a grand stairway leading to the arched portal. quoins, broken pediments, elaborate columns, and aedicules with balustrades are common in architecture of the 16th and 17th century in italy. | view of the side and the formal gateway the house where ho chi minh lived and worked from 1954 to 1958 | this modest cottage is on the grounds with the presidential palace. it is adjacent to the house on stilts that ho chi minh lived in from 1958 to 1969 and to the fishing pond. | click here to go to the vietnam index. click here to return to index of art historical sites. click here to return to index of artists and architects. click here to return to chronological index. click here to see the home page of bluffton university.


in the kitchen | tools essential tools for a well - stocked kitchen pot holders and oven mitts choose thickly padded, moisture - resistant pads or gloves. extra - long mitts are designed for reaching into the oven or working over a hot grill. the best kind is made of stainless steel with a wire grid. have a ruler handy to accurately measure the diameter of any dough or crust, or the size of a pan. either solid or slotted, basic spatulas made of metal or heat - resistant plastic are ideal for turning foods during cooking. long, thin metal ( or icing ) spatulas are used for icing cakes and other desserts ; many find that offset spatulas ( which are z - shaped when viewed on the side ) offer greater maneuverability. keep a variety of rubber spatulas on hand to suit different tasks. use a large, flexible rubber spatula to scrape out mixtures from bowls. when scraping hot mixtures from saucepans or skillets, use heat - resistant spatulas made of silicone. wooden spoons and spatulas are best for stirring thick mixtures, such as polenta or mashed potatoes — because they " clean " the bottom of a pot with every turn, preventing burning and sticking. keep an assortment of sizes of metal spoons, both solid and slotted, for a variety of purposes. use slotted spoons for removing solid foods from liquids, such as boiling water or hot oil. a candy thermometer ( or deep - fry thermometer ) gauges the temperature of boiled syrups, sauces, candy mixtures, and oil for deep - frying foods. a clip - on thermometer allows you to monitor the temperature of a mixture while stirring constantly. instant - read thermometers are designed to measure the internal temperature of foods or liquids. when the metal stem is inserted into the food, it produces an instant reading. unlike standard meat thermometers, which gauge the temperature gradually while the meat is baking, instant - read thermometers can ' t be put in the oven ; the plastic dial will melt. tip : to make sure that your thermometer is accurate, attach it to the inside of a medium saucepan and fill the pan with cold water. bring the water to a boil and boil for 3 minutes. the thermometer should register 212° if it doesn ' t, take the difference into account when reading ingredient temperatures. digital timers with magnets adhere to metal. clip


cold water. bring the water to a boil and boil for 3 minutes. the thermometer should register 212° if it doesn ' t, take the difference into account when reading ingredient temperatures. digital timers with magnets adhere to metal. clip - on timers attach to your apron or clothing, so you can do other tasks while food is cooking. this hinged, v - shaped metal device is used to turn meat or vegetables in a skillet, on the grill, under the broiler, or over a gas flame. it ' s also useful for tossing and serving salads. for most recipes, use a standard whisk — about 2 to 3 inches wide at the large end. knives and other slicing tools this is a four - sided stainless steel grater. each side is designed for a different purpose — such as shredding, grating, or slicing. this is a long ( 8 inches or more ) serrated knife used for cutting through crusty bread or delicate items, like tomatoes, using a sawing motion. this sturdy two - pronged fork is used to steady roasts during carving. it has a long, sturdy - but - flexible blade that slices easily through beef roasts, ham, and turkey. this all - purpose knife ( usually with an 8 - inch blade ) chops, slices, and dices large items or large quantities of ingredients. choose large wood cutting boards for efficient cutting without damaging knives or kitchen counters. flexible plastic cutting boards can be bent after chopping, so that ingredients can be easily transferred to bowls or skillets. razor - sharp stainless steel microplane graters are ideal for grating all kinds of citrus rinds, as well as cheese ( especially parmesan ), nutmeg, ginger, and more. it has a 3 - to 4 - inch tapered blade used for peeling fruits and vegetables or cutting slits in meats for stuffing. scissors and poultry shears scissors are intended for general cutting ; sturdy poultry shears are for cutting up chicken and game hens. this is a manually operated slicer with adjustable blades. hard vegetables such as carrots, potatoes, or beets, are run across the blade to obtain even slices, baton shapes, or julienne strips. tip : some chefs and home cooks use a mandoline, a pricey and complex piece of machinery that can make plain, crinkle -, or waffle - cut slices and julienne strips in a range of thicknesses, from paper - thin to chunk


chefs and home cooks use a mandoline, a pricey and complex piece of machinery that can make plain, crinkle -, or waffle - cut slices and julienne strips in a range of thicknesses, from paper - thin to chunky. in the bon appetit test kitchen, we prefer the simpler and less expensive v - slicer, which is much easier to use. cardboard cake rounds putting a fragile cake layer or tart on a cardboard round allows for easy transfer from one surface to another. cookie and biscuit cutters the best cutters are made of metal, which results in a clean cut. keep an assortment of shapes and sizes on hand, and be sure to include several sizes of biscuit cutters. placing cakes, pies, and other baked goods on racks allows air to circulate underneath for quick, even cooling. parchment and waxed paper use waxed paper to line cake pans ( it helps remove the cake layer from the pan ) ; parchment paper, which is heatproof, can be used to line baking sheets. pastry bag and tips used for more than just decorating cakes, pies, and other desserts, a pastry bag with a variety of tips is terrific for piping out cookie batter, meringue, and dough into various shapes. purchase both plain and star tips in large, medium, and small sizes. use these for jobs like brushing down pan sides when making sugar syrups, applying egg washes to loaves of bread, and brushing butter over layers of pastry. these small metal or ceramic pellets are used to keep the sides of pie and tart crusts from shrinking during " blind baking " ( see " how - tos " for more on blind baking. ) tip : if you don ' t have pie weights, dried beans can be used as a substitute. french - style pins without handles offer better control. choose a heavy one for more efficiency. these nonstick silicone baking mats ( used on top of metal baking sheets ) are great for baking cookies. the cookies slide right off. slender skewers are best for testing cakes and other baked goods. fruit and vegetable tools a press is used to " mince " garlic cloves by squeezing them through perforated holes with a plunger — without getting garlic all over a knife, your counter, or your fingers. tip : choose a heavy - duty metal press that comes with a self - cleaning tool ; too lightweight a press will only mash the garlic, not min


a plunger — without getting garlic all over a knife, your counter, or your fingers. tip : choose a heavy - duty metal press that comes with a self - cleaning tool ; too lightweight a press will only mash the garlic, not mince it. used primarily to scoop out decorative balls of melon, it can also be used to core fruits, such as pears. a swivel - bladed peeler is more maneuverable than other types, following the contours of vegetables and fruits so that just the skins are removed. tip : a vegetable peeler can also be used to create long, thin ribbons of cucumbers, carrots, and zucchini, as well as chocolate curls. the five - pronged zester will remove the colored peel from citrus fruits in long, thin strips, leaving behind the bitter white pith. meat and poultry tools bulb baster ( also known as a turkey baster ) with a plastic, glass, or metal tube and a squeezable end, this is used to baste turkeys and other meats. glass or metal is preferable ; the plastic ones can become warped by the heat of the basting liquid. use food - safe string to tie roasts and chickens. a mallet is used primarily for pounding boneless meat and poultry into thinner pieces. mallets often have two sides, one with a ridged surface that breaks down the meat, thus tenderizing it, and a smooth side for flattening. tip : mallets can also be used to crush candies or spices in resealable plastic bags. for grilling and serving kebabs, metal skewers are preferable to wooden ones because they can take more weight and won ' t burn on the barbecue.


birbal the wise - viiilogic puzzles require you to think. you will have to be logical in your reasoning. emperor akbar once ruled over india. he was a wise and intelligent ruler, and he had in his court the nine gems, his nine advisors, who were each known for a particular skill. one of these gems was birbal, known for his wit and wisdom. the story below is one of the examples of his wit. do you have it in you to find out the answer? emperor akbar was very fond of birbal as were many of the village people. however, this made quite a few of akbar ' s other ministers jealous. one day, they decided to come up with a plan to rid them of the " great " birbal. to avoid suspicion from falling on them, they took the help of the emperor ' s barber in this plan. a week later, while akbar was receiving a haircut, the barber lightly mentioned that he knew of someone who could allow akbar to reach and even converse with his ancestors who had passed away, but he also stated the man who would go to the heavens would have to be witty, intelligent and wise. akbar instantly recommended birbal for the task. birbal was told that a fire would be lit around him and the smoke would carry him to heaven ; however, chanting would protect him from burning to his death. birbal instantly knew that this was a plan to get rid of him, but not wishing to anger the emperor, he agreed to perform this task in a month. during this period of time, he asked some laborers to build a tunnel connecting his house to the cemetery, where the " rites " would be held. when the day came, birbal escaped his death by going to his house where he stayed for a month growing out his beard. a month later, he went back to akbar ' s palace. when asked about the health of akbar ' s ancestors, birbal replied that they were doing very well but were missing just one thing. what did birbal say they were missing in heaven? answerbirbal stated that there weren ' t any barbers in heaven and said that was the reason for his long beard. since akbar now knew a way to reach them, he asked for his barber to be sent. realizing that he would die in the fire, the emperor ' s barber confessed what he and the ministers did and no one dared to conspire against birbal again. see another brain teaser just like


many studies are looking at the relationship between diet and breast cancer risk. each study is different, but there are some results that are useful to all women. eating a healthy, well - balanced diet that has a lot of fruits and vegetables and is low in fat is good for you. it can also help lower your risk of breast cancer. maintaining a healthy weight also is important to good health, including breast health. but typical western diets usually have much more red meat, candy, desserts, and processed snacks than what ' s recommended for a healthy diet. traditional eastern diets eaten by chinese and other asian women usually are closer to the recommended healthy diet. researchers compared breast cancer risk in postmenopausal chinese women who ate a typical chinese diet to breast cancer risk in postmenopausal chinese women who ate a typical western diet. the results are striking but not surprising. older postmenopausal chinese women who ate a typical western diet had nearly double the risk of breast cancer compared to women who ate a typical chinese diet. the risk increase was highest for hormone - receptor - positive breast cancers. besides the effect of the western diet, the researchers also thought that the obesity that tends to happen after eating a western diet contributed to the increased risk. eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and maintaining a healthy weight are things you can do to improve your overall health and lower your risk of breast cancer. to learn more about nutrition and breast cancer risk, visit the breastcancer. org nutrition section.


- slide 1 of 6 for the new or experienced teacher, it can be difficult to think of activities and ideas for teaching spanish to kindergarten students. however, activities and even crafts can be created out of anything related to the vocabulary. students often learn better and enjoy their learning more if they get to make something that helps bring the learning to life. this is especially true among kindergarteners. - slide 2 of 6 teaching spanish through body parts an example of an activity to use when you are teaching spanish to kindergarten students could be done with el cuerpo body vocabulary. students can play twister using the body vocabulary. this can be modified to be a student - centered activity if you have a student call out the body parts and colors. - slide 3 of 6 using songs in the classroom another activity for teaching spanish to kindergarten students is to bring songs into the classroom. younger children have a difficult time sitting still and songs help them to get rid of this energy. songs are also an invaluable tool to teach pronunciation and intonation. when learning a first language, children often learn to pick up the correct intonation of words by listening to songs and nursery rhymes. it is the same when learning a second language as well. some of the best songs for practicing spanish are sung with color words or the alphabet. for the alphabet, sing the spanish abc ' s to the same tune as you would in english. a great song to teach the color words is de colores. - slide 4 of 6 teaching spanish using food vocabulary for food - themed days, bring in whatever food you are talking about at the time. make spanish vocabulary tactile and they will be unable to forget their food words. one craft involves using different pieces of fruit to make pretend faces. segments of an orange, for example, can be shaped into a nose, a banana for a mouth, and cherries for the eyes. students can get creative and make crazy faces out of fruit while actively using fruit vocabulary words. you could then take photos of their fruit faces and display them on a bulletin board with their vocabulary words written next to them. - slide 5 of 6 using crafts and show and tell time kindergarteners also love to show off their toys. let students bring in toys related to the unit you are working on, and they will have a clear mental image of what they are learning. students also benefit by bringing things from home because it gives them a chance to ask about vocabulary relevant to everyday life. an example of this would be, if a kindergarten student brought her sweater


they will have a clear mental image of what they are learning. students also benefit by bringing things from home because it gives them a chance to ask about vocabulary relevant to everyday life. an example of this would be, if a kindergarten student brought her sweater in to show her teacher because she did not know the word sequins. learning the word took her no effort because she had something in front of her that was directly tied to the vocabulary word in her mind. it also gave her a word to help her describe all of her favorite princess clothes when she was at home. activities and ideas for teaching spanish to kindergarten students tend to revolve around bringing the language to life. create an art project to show the new vocabulary, track weather and days of the week on a calendar, or make - up hand motions to accompany the vocabulary and the students will be able to learn more quickly and effectively. for example, for a house themed unit, create shoebox houses. to introduce household objects and rooms vocabulary. this activity can also be used to teach fine motor skills. - construction paper each student can create a different room in the house. using construction paper and clay, they can try to shape the different pieces of furniture within the house. they can also color the walls to look like wood and the ground to look like a carpet. let them get creative with it! when everyone is done, have them show each other the different parts of the house using their spanish vocabulary. - slide 6 of 6 - bring in theme - related show and tell objects. for a transportation unit, they can bring in toy cars and airplanes. for a unit on clothing, they can bring in their favorite outfits and costumes to play dress up. in order to use each toy or outfit, they must speak entirely in spanish and use the correlating vocabulary words. - use a calendar to track the weather and days of the week. this activity can be used to reinforce weather vocabulary that they already know, or to gradually introduce new words every week. - during a unit on family, have them bring in pictures of their families and label it using sticky notes with the spanish words for each family member. to extend this activity, you can also have them color a picture of their family members. teaching spanish to kindergarten classes can be a rewarding part of your life. by bringing new activities and ideas into the classroom, you can keep your students engaged and you can teach more effectively. - de colores lyrics and song clip ; http : / / www. songsforteaching.


since we often see exponents throughout all math courses, it is important to understand the rules of exponents. we need to understand how to distribute, add, multiply and divide exponents in order to simplify expressions or manipulate equations that have exponents. the rules of exponents, like those involving multiplication of terms, are important to learn and will be used throughout algebra i and ii and calculus. so as you know an exponent is the little number above a base, so if you have like 3 squared, the 2, 3 the second is your exponent. and basically all it ' s telling you is to multiply the base times itself that many times. so 3 to the fourth is just 3 times 3, times 3, times 3. or 3 times 3 is 9 times 3 is 27, times 3 is 81. okay and with exponents come a long a bunch of rules that we ' re going to go through one at time. okay so let ' s start over here, our first rule is that, if our bases are the same we ' re multiplying 2 terms of exponents and our bases are the same we can just add our exponents together. so let ' s say i have 3 squared times 3 to the third. basically i have 2 times 2 here, 2 times 2 times 2 here in that sense where i really have is 5 2 ' s and this i just going to equal 2 to the fifth. the other way of doing that is just adding 2 and 3. similarly if we are dividing okay, if have the same base and have our exponents we then just subtract. and this one actually depends on which number is bigger, so if we have 3 to the fourth over just say 3 there ' s really a imaginary one right here. so only have 3 to the 4 minus 1, this is just going to be 3 to the third okay. if our power in the denominator is larger we ' re just going to be left with a power in the bottom okay. so another example of this we ' d say like 5 squared over 5 to the fourth. we still go 5 to the numerator exponent minus denominator exponent but what we end up with is 5 to the negative second. we ' ll talk about it in a minute but basically what that negative exponent means is it ' s left in the denominator. okay so really the easiest way to look at this is first just look at your expo


to the negative second. we ' ll talk about it in a minute but basically what that negative exponent means is it ' s left in the denominator. okay so really the easiest way to look at this is first just look at your exponent see which one is bigger your numerator or denominator and that ' s going to be where your term ends up being. okay another rule is anything to the zero power is equal to 1, easy enough 4 to the zero 1, 822 to the zero 1, okay anything to the zero of power is just going to be 1. this one is already touches back to what i talked about over with the division one. anything to a negative exponent is basically going to put that in the denominator of a fraction so if we have 4 to the negative third this is just equal to 1 over 4 to the third okay. basically it takes the same term, the same number just moves it down to the denominator. common mistake is people like to think that okay this 3 can come out in front and makes the entire thing negative. no it just moves a term that ' s normally in the top down to the bottom. likewise if we have a negative exponent in the denominator, it ' s just going to move it up to the top okay. so anytime you see negative exponent really all that does is it takes something in the numerator moves it to the denominator, something in the denominator moves it up to the numerator okay. moving on if we have a fraction to a power that power gets distributed into everything okay. so what we really end up doing is taking the m and putting it to both the a and the b ending up with a over m, b over m okay. so alright a to the m, b to the m, so example if we have 2 third squared what we really end up with is 2 squared over 3 squared which is the same thing as 4 over 9. that pen is about dead. alright same idea for multiplication, if we are multiplying inside of parenthesis and we have to a power this power can be distributed in. so say we have 3x to the fifth that 5 can get distributed in to both the 3 and the x giving us 3 to the fifth x to the fifth okay. couple more to go, anytime we have an exponent, a term to an exponent to an exponent we just multiply these out okay. so what we end up with is


x giving us 3 to the fifth x to the fifth okay. couple more to go, anytime we have an exponent, a term to an exponent to an exponent we just multiply these out okay. so what we end up with is a to the m to the n just turns up to a to the m times n. example of this say we have 2 cubes to the fourth okay, all we have to do is say 2 to the 3 times 4 which turns into 2 to the twelfth okay. you could just write this out if you wanted to this is really 2 cubed, times 2 cubed, times 2 cubed, times 2 cubed each one has 3 so in essence we have 12 twos but this is a good shortcut to keep in mind. and our last rule that we ' re going to talk about is anything, a fraction to a negative power okay, this is basically just going to be the denominator to this power over the numerator to the power. reason being is we can go back to this statement up here and basically distribute this negative and n, and what would end up with then is a to the negative n over b to the negative n. remembering our rules and negatives from over there a to the negative n is just going to be a to the n in the denominator b to the negative n is just going to be a b to the n in the numerator. so really all we did is distribute this term n and then the negative flips our fraction okay. so a lot of different rules they do take sometime to get used to and remembering how they work but the main thing is remember if you are multiplying your bases you add your exponent if you are taking a power to a power you multiply and anytime you see a negative exponent that is just going to flip where your term is. if it was in the numerator it goes to the denominator, denominator it goes to the numerator and if you have a fraction the negative exponent is just going to flip your fraction altogether. okay so a lot to remember but take sometime play around with them a little bit and i ' m sure you ' ll be fine.


ghazniarticle free pass ghazni, formerly ghazna, city, east - central afghanistan. it lies beside the ghazni river on a high plateau at an elevation of 7, 300 feet ( 2, 225 m ). afghanistan ’ s only remaining walled town, it is dominated by a 150 - foot - ( 45 - metre - ) high citadel built in the 13th century. around the nearby village of rowzeh - e sultan, on the old road to kabul ( the nation ’ s capital, 80 miles [ 130 km ] northeast ), are the ruins of ancient ghazna, including two 140 - foot ( 43 - metre ) towers and the tomb of mahmud of ghazna ( 971 – 1030 ), the most powerful emir ( or sultan ) of the ghaznavid dynasty. ghazni ’ s early history is obscure ; it has probably existed at least since the 7th century. early in the 11th century, under mahmud of ghazna, the town became the capital of the vast empire of the ghaznavids, afghanistan ’ s first muslim dynasty. the dynasty lost much of its power later in the same century, and ghazni was sacked in 1150 – 51 by the ghurids. the town was fought over by various peoples before the mongols secured it by 1221. they ruled the area until timur ( tamerlane ), the turkic conqueror, arrived in the 14th century, and his descendants ruled it until 1504, when the indian mughals took ghazni and kabul. in 1747, under ahmad shah durrani, ghazni became part of the new afghan kingdom. it was captured by the british during the first anglo - afghan war ( 1839 – 42 ). ghazni recovered some importance when it became the main town on the kabul - qandahar highway. ghazni is now a chief commercial and industrial centre of afghanistan, dealing in livestock, furs, silk, and agricultural products. pop. ( 2006 est. ) 48, 700. what made you want to look up " ghazni "? please share what surprised you most...


robert sanderson mullikenarticle free pass robert sanderson mulliken, ( born june 7, 1896, newburyport, mass., u. s. — died oct. 31, 1986, arlington, va. ), american chemist and physicist who received the 1966 nobel prize for chemistry for “ fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules. ” a graduate of the massachusetts institute of technology, mulliken worked, during world war i and for a few years afterward, in government chemical research. he then studied under the physicist robert a. millikan at the university of chicago, receiving his ph. d. in 1921. he taught at new york university ( 1926 – 28 ) and then joined the faculty of the university of chicago ( 1928 – 85 ). mulliken began working on his theory of molecular structure in the 1920s. he theoretically systematized the electron states of molecules in terms of molecular orbitals. departing from the idea that electron orbitals for atoms are static and that atoms combine like building blocks to form molecules, he proposed that, when molecules are formed, the atoms ’ original electron configurations are changed into an overall molecular configuration. further extending his theory, he developed ( 1952 ) a quantum - mechanical theory of the behaviour of electron orbitals as different atoms merge to form molecules. during world war ii mulliken worked on the plutonium project, part of the development of the atomic bomb, at the university of chicago. in 1955 he served as scientific attache at the u. s. embassy in london. what made you want to look up " robert sanderson mulliken "? please share what surprised you most...


mris for breast cancer screening — who needs them? many experts believe that mammograms save lives. since the widespread introduction of mammography to screen for breast cancer in the mid - 1980s, the number of women ages 50 and older getting mammograms has more than doubled. pair that figure with steady drops in breast cancer deaths since the 1990s. but some health care professionals argue that mammograms are not enough for some women at high risk for breast cancer. new studies suggest that mris ( magnetic resonance imaging ) may improve the early detection of cancer in women at high risk. current screening guidelines for women at high risk according to the american cancer society, you are considered at high risk for breast cancer if you answer yes to any of these questions : do you have a first - degree relative ( parent, brother, sister, or child ) with a known brca1 or brca2 gene mutation, but have not had genetic testing done yourself? do you have li - fraumeni syndrome, cowden syndrome, or bannayan - riley - ruvalcaba syndrome, or have one of these syndromes in first - degree relatives? if you ' re a woman at high risk for breast cancer, you should ask your doctor if you should have more frequent screenings, with a variety of tests, starting at a younger age. for women at high risk, some experts recommend monthly breast self - exams starting between ages 18 to 21, clinical breast exams one to two times a year, and yearly mammography starting at about age 30. the american cancer society recommends that women known to be at high risk get an mri along with a mammogram every year, starting at age 30. how mris work instead of the x - rays used in mammography, an mri uses magnets and radio waves connected to a computer to make many detailed pictures of the breast. a woman receives an injection of a contrast dye, called gadolinium - dtpa, to better outline the breast tissue and possible tumors. researchers have found that mris given to women with a high risk of hereditary breast cancer detected tumors that mammography or clinical breast exams had missed. one reason mris may find these tumors is because high - risk women tend to be younger and have denser breasts. this means that the breast has less fat and more fiber - like connective tissue, which can block x - rays during a mammogram. an mri is not affected by dense, fibrous breast tissue


since the early 1990s, israel has restricted palestinian movement in the west bank. prior to the second intifada, the restrictions were primarily intended to prevent palestinians from entering israel and east jerusalem. during the second intifada, israel established dozens of checkpoints and hundreds of physical obstructions inside the west bank, including dirt mounds, concrete blocks, and trenches, and began construction of the separation barrier and its crossing gates. these restrictions are unprecedented in the history of the israeli occupation in terms of the scope, duration, and severity of harm to the daily lives of palestinians living in the west bank. in 2009, israel reduced the number of checkpoints and obstructions in the west bank, but as of february 2012, b ' tselem still counted 98 checkpoints in the west bank, including : 16 military posts in the area of hebron in which israeli settlements have been established ( h - 2 ), which restrict palestinian movement into and out of the area. 41 positions serve as the last checkpoint before entry into israel, although most are located a few kilometers east of the green line or the entrance to jerusalem. four posts restrict access for palestinians to the jordan valley – tayasir, hamra, ma ’ ale efrayim and yitav. the first two are staffed permanently and the army does not allow palestinians to cross in vehicles unless their id cards list them as residents of the jordan valley. the other two were staffed only intermittently during 2011, but israel has thus far refrained from officially announcing that they are open to palestinian movement, hence only a few palestinian vehicles cross at these two points. the security value of these restrictions to israel is unclear since palestinian vehicles are allowed to enter the jordan valley and jericho, on condition that they use alternate routes that are much longer. in addition, according to data from the un office for the coordination of humanitarian affairs ( ocha ), between january and may 2012 there were also 450 unmanned physical barriers – mounds of dirt, concrete blocks, gates, and road segments closed to palestinian traffic. there are also, in may 2012 some 256 temporary checkpoints erected in the west bank for a few hours at a time, without permanent infrastructure at those locations. in march 2012, 340 such checkpoint were counted. along the route of the separation barrier there are, as of the end of 2011, 60 agricultural gates allowing palestinians very limited access to areas west of the barrier, defined as closed military zones. twelve of the gates are opened daily for a few hours, and the others are opened only during certain agricultural seasons


as of the end of 2011, 60 agricultural gates allowing palestinians very limited access to areas west of the barrier, defined as closed military zones. twelve of the gates are opened daily for a few hours, and the others are opened only during certain agricultural seasons. these restrictions reflect israel ’ s approach over the years that freedom of movement is not a right, but a privilege that israel may grant or deny as it sees fit. the restrictions still in place in the west bank impede palestinian access to areas where israel is interested in retaining control, such as east jerusalem, the jordan valley, enclaves west of the separation barrier and settlements in the heart of hebron. these restrictions prevent palestinians from using some of the main roads and highways in the west bank – including parts of route 60 and route 443. settlers travel freely along these roads, while palestinians are shunted to longer routes using side roads. in the areas where israel still maintains restrictions on palestinian movement, the restrictions create a situation of constant uncertainty for palestinians regarding their ability to carry out everyday activities, such as going to work or school in the nearby town, marketing farm produce, obtaining medical treatment, or visiting relatives. many actions also require complex bureaucratic processes, at the end of which the civil administration often denies the request. in addition, israel continues to prevent palestinians from traveling between the west bank and the gaza strip in almost all cases, and makes it very difficult for west bank palestinians to enter israel or to travel abroad. international human rights law requires israel to respect the right of residents of the occupied territories to move about freely in the occupied territory. this right is recognized in article 13 of the universal declaration of human rights, and in article 12 of the international covenant on civil and political rights. furthermore, international humanitarian law requires israel, in its capacity as the occupier, to ensure the safety and wellbeing of the local residents, and to maintain, to the extent possible, normal living conditions. freedom of movement is also important because it is a prerequisite for the exercise of other rights, which are set forth in the international covenant on economic, social and cultural rights. among these are the right to work ( article 6 ), the right to an adequate standard of living ( article 11 ), the right to health ( article 12 ), the right to education ( article 13 ), and the right to protection of family life ( article 10 ). israel is entitled to protect itself by using various means, including restrictions on palestinian movement, when these are absolutely necessary in order to meet


by david j. fruchtman, pe good heating, ventilating, and air - conditioning systems are important features of every modern building. when these systems are carefully integrated into the building design, occupants can enjoy a comfortable environment in aesthetically pleasing architecture. mechanical systems will impact many building elements, including the floor area and layout, ceiling design, roof design, planters, and other site features. floor area and layout most mechanical systems impact floor layouts of a building. some systems require a single large mechanical room for equipment such as air handlers. other systems require multiple closets for equipment such as water source heat pump units. yet others require air shafts to move conditioned air from floor to floor. poor placement of these spaces could adversely affect movement in the space or result in the loss of valuable lease space. wherever possible, equipment rooms should be located adjacent to elevator shafts, electrical equipment rooms, shell and core bathrooms, or other such spaces so that all utility spaces are grouped together. the equipment should be integrated into a location that will work regardless of future tenant needs. mechanical equipment may be noisy. noise and / or vibration could easily be transmitted from the mechanical equipment to adjacent occupied spaces. wherever possible, large mechanical spaces should be located across corridors or alongside storage rooms, lunch rooms, or other spaces that are not regularly occupied and are not noise sensitive. adequate ceiling space is essential for an effective hvac system. inadequate space will dictate the use of expensive rectangular sheet metal ductwork, sheet metal transitions, and offsets. these are expensive to install and sometimes cause system performance problems. round ductwork is less expensive and more efficient than sheet metal ductwork. flexible ductwork, which is frequently used these days, should only be used where there is adequate ceiling space. making a ceiling space too small will eliminate this potentially considerable cost savings. to reduce the loss of rentable floor area, mechanical equipment is often located on the roof of a building. there are many other advantages to this, including easy accessibility for equipment service and maintenance. in addition, the rooftop location is an ideal place for discharging flue gasses and cooling tower plumes. rooftop equipment located above prime top floor residential or office space must be mounted on suitable bases and spring isolated to reduce noise and vibration transmission to the building. to shield the equipment from view, suitable parapets and screens must be employed. planters and other site features some types of mechanical systems are best suited for an on - grade installation. this is common for some small buildings and single


to the building. to shield the equipment from view, suitable parapets and screens must be employed. planters and other site features some types of mechanical systems are best suited for an on - grade installation. this is common for some small buildings and single - family residences. one advantage of on - grade installations is that the vibrating elements are located on grade and not in or above occupied spaces. another is that equipment is readily accessible for service and access. care must be taken, however, in placing this equipment. many jurisdictions do not allow it to encroach on the required side and rear property line setbacks. walkways and pedestrian paths must be designed to skirt around the equipment. planters and landscaping should conceal the equipment but allow for access for service and maintenance. the goal of any architect should be to create a comfortable and aesthetically pleasing building. this can be achieved by not only understanding building features but also understanding the requirements of the mechanical system and integrating the two together. david j. fruchtman ( email @ example. com ) is a licensed professional engineer in the states of california, nevada, and arizona. he is president of fruchtman and associates, a los angeles - based firm specializing in design, consulting, and forensic engineering services related to hvac, plumbing, and fire protection systems.


choose new test ready omni reading if your standards - based test includes a strong extended written - response and critical - thinking skills component. you ' ll also cover the basics - language arts and vocabulary practice, along with comprehension checks. review, practice, and prepare for success in just two weeks : give timed pretest to identify and address weaknesses complete six lessons, including some theme - based lessons compare timed practice ( post ) test results with pretest to show growth reading passages are of various lengths and genres. four lessons feature a single passage and two lessons feature several thematic passages. all are followed by selected - response and constructed - response questions. comprehension strategies include : finding the main idea author ' s purpose compare and contrast steps in a process, and others lessons include more extensive and demanding writing exercises than other test - prep programs. the teacher guides feature a scoring rubric and scope and sequence. use omni reading for test preparation, to diagnose strengths and weaknesses, or as a teaching tool. ca101 ( r ) e - training and professional development course : test ready series e - training test preparation course components consumable student books ( 40 pages ) six practice lessons divided into reading, comprehension, and language arts / writing performance chart practice test / " bubble " answer form test - taking tips teacher guides ( 24 pages ) program guidelines, time allocations, answer key, and reproducibles : optional pretest 2 scoring rubrics scope and sequence chart please note : book 1 and 2 teacher guides include direction lines necessary to administer lessons. - type : paperback ( student / stdy gde ) - category : > home schooling - isbn / upc : 9780760930700 / 0760930708 - publish date : 10 / 1 / 2005 - item no : 43245 - vendor : curriculum associates, inc.


this page is part of a range of support being offered to schools and governing bodies in the caerphilly county borough. it covers a number of publications from local, regional and national bodies on equalities and community cohesion issues, in order to help schools in preparing and delivering equalities objectives and actions within their own school environment to improve the educational experience of children and young people, regardless of their identity, circumstances and background. all documents are publically available to share and no copyright infringement is intended. they have been brought together into one place on this website in order that our schools and governing bodies have a central resource easily available to them. the information was previously circulated on cd to all schools in the county borough. model schools strategic equality plan this document is intended to show schools and governing bodies an example of what their own policy could look like. it contains a lot of detail that school may wish to edit or add in local context and is only intended as a guide. schools may for example choose to merge and copy parts of other schemes, such as their current race or disability schemes, which this plan will replace as a comprehensive equality plan and set of objectives. model schools strategic equality plan ( pdf 75kb ) governors wales equalities fact file 03 / 11 this guide was produced jointly by governors wales and the equality and human rights commission ( wales ). schools have obligations under the equality act 2010 as employers, bodies that carry out public functions and as service providers. for foundation, voluntary aided schools, the governing body is the employer whilst in community and voluntary controlled schools, the la is the employer but the governing body is responsible for staffing matters, etc. governors wales equalities fact file ( pdf 146kb ) respect and resilience learning has the potential to be a very powerful tool in promoting integration and mutual respect. this presents invaluable opportunities for positive cohesion messages to be promoted through learning experiences across all age groups and backgrounds. the ' respect and resilience ' document was produced to provide guidance and advice to schools on how they can further develop this highly important area of policy in line with the school effectiveness framework. it is clear that schools which are community focused, and the teachers and staff who work with young people, have a crucial role to play in ensuring that they have a safe and supportive environment in which to question things, but also to understand and foster tolerance and respect for others. respect and resilience ( pdf 1. 5mb ) wlga guidance - equalities and schools this is a set of documents produced


seriously? yes, and not just on a plane. jake socha, a virginia tech biologist, and his team recently completed a study that sheds some light on how some of these creatures fly. they reported their findings last week at the american physical society division of fluid dynamics meeting. socha and his colleagues used high - speed video cameras to record chrysepolea paradisi, one of five species of asian tree - dwelling snakes, as they launched off a 15m ( 49 ft ) tower! you can see the amazing footage here. this “ flying ” is an important technique for these snakes. according to live science : when these snakes leap, it ' s not to nosedive ; it ' s to glide from tree to tree, a feat they can accomplish at distances of at least 79 feet ( 24 m ). four cameras recorded the curious snakes as they glided. this allowed the scientists to create and analyze 3 - d reconstructions of the animals ' body positions during flight. the researchers found that the snakes never actually achieved a proper “ glide ” ( where the forces generated by their bodies exactly counteract gravity ). they didn ' t exactly fall straight to the ground either. instead, socha says, “ the snake is pushed upward — even though it is moving downward — because the upward component of the aerodynamic force is greater than the snake ' s weight. “ hypothetically, this means that if the snake continued on like this, it would eventually be moving upward in the air — quite an impressive feat for a snake. but our modeling suggests that the effect is only temporary, and eventually the snake hits the ground to end the glide. ” in other words, as buzz lightyear would say, the snakes are simply “ falling with style. ” do the curves of the snake, or body position, mid - air affect this flying - falling? the researchers intend to find out. stay tuned and look out! image : jake socha


affordable higher education a college degree is practically a necessity these days, not only for the individual student, but for the economic and social health of the country. but the combination of shrinking state budgets and stagnant grant aid has led to an increased reliance on student loans to pay for college. just 12 years ago only one - third of college graduates from four year public colleges needed to borrow money to attain a college degree, and now more than two - thirds of graduates have federal student loan debt. twelve years ago, graduates who borrowed carried around $ 12, 000 of debt on average, and now they carry over $ 23, 000 on average. worse, the percentage of students with $ 25, 000 worth of private student loan debt has increased, from 5 percent in 1996 to 24 percent in 2008. relying on student loans to pay for college can have negative consequences. too much loan debt causes qualified students to opt out of college completely ; it causes current students to work too much and study less, and it causes borrowers who ’ ve graduated to opt out of socially valuable careers, and to delay life milestones like buying a home or getting married. students who take up private student loans to defray costs face riskier terms and conditions in repayment. a college degree must remain within reach for families of modest means, and affordable over the long term for the borrowers and parents in repayment. in response, uspirg works to increase student grant aid, make debt levels more manageable, and protect students as consumers from practices that contribute to educational debt. we need robust grant programs on a state and federal level, a simpler system of student aid that actively encourages student and parental participation, and stronger safeguards for student borrowers in repayment. also, we can lower student debt by protecting student consumers. college students pay unjustifiably high amounts for college textbooks each year. and those who rely on credit and debit cards to help offset day to day costs of education, or to access their financial aid disbursements, can get slapped with penalty fees and terms that take advantage of them. - about us - campus chapters - get involved work on important issues, learn valuable skills, get hands - on experience, and make a difference.


© 2005 - 2012 american society of clinical oncology ( asco ). all rights reserved worldwide. what is muir - torre syndrome? muir - torre syndrome is a form of lynch syndrome. cancer begins when normal cells begin to change and grow uncontrollably, forming a mass called a tumor. a tumor can be benign ( noncancerous ) or malignant ( cancerous, meaning it can spread to other parts of the body ). people with muir - torre syndrome have an increased risk of the types of cancer seen in lynch syndrome, including colorectal, endometrial ( uterine ), stomach, ovarian, small bowel ( intestinal ), urinary tract, and hepatobiliary ( liver or bile duct ) cancers. people with muir - torre syndrome are also at risk for developing certain skin changes in adulthood that may form in the sebaceous glands. the sebaceous glands are located just under the skin and produce an oily substance that is a part of sweat called sebum. the typical skin changes found in muir - torre syndrome are sebaceous adenomas, sebaceous epitheliomas, sebaceous carcinomas, and keratocanthomas. most of these skin conditions are associated with noncancerous lumps on the skin, some of which are liquid - containing cysts. basal cell carcinoma, a common type of skin cancer usually related to sun exposure, has also been reported in people with muir - torre syndrome. only the skin carcinomas are cancerous. muir - torre syndrome is also associated with rare cancers of the sebaceous glands. if a cancer of the sebaceous gland is diagnosed, it is recommended that the patient talk with a genetic counselor or geneticist ( a doctor with training in genetic diseases and conditions ) that is familiar with the syndrome as part of their medical care. what causes muir - torre syndrome? muir - torre syndrome is a genetic condition. this means that the cancer risk can be passed from generation to generation in a family. two genes have been linked to muir - torre syndrome, mlh1 and msh2. a mutation ( alteration ) in either of these genes gives a person an increased lifetime risk of developing the types of cancer or noncancerous skin changes listed above. mutations in the mlh1 or msh2 gene also cause lynch syndrome. it is possible that there may be other genes that play a role in


an increased lifetime risk of developing the types of cancer or noncancerous skin changes listed above. mutations in the mlh1 or msh2 gene also cause lynch syndrome. it is possible that there may be other genes that play a role in muir - torre syndrome. research is ongoing to learn more about muir - torre syndrome. how is muir - torre syndrome inherited? normally, every cell has two copies of each gene : one inherited from the mother and one inherited from the father. muir - torre syndrome follows an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, in which a mutation needs to happen in only one copy of the gene for the person to have an increased risk of getting that disease. this means that a parent with a gene mutation may pass along a copy of their normal gene or a copy of the gene with the mutation. therefore, a child who has a parent with a mutation has a 50 % chance of inheriting that mutation. a brother, sister, or parent of a person who has a mutation also has a 50 % chance of having the same mutation. how common is muir - torre syndrome? muir - torre syndrome is considered to be rare. how is muir - torre syndrome diagnosed? muir - torre syndrome is diagnosed if a person has one or more of the skin changes and one or more of the internal cancers listed above. a person diagnosed with muir - torre syndrome can have a blood test to see if they have a mutation in the mlh1 or msh2 genes. however, not everyone with muir - torre syndrome will have a detectable mutation in one of these two genes. what are the estimated cancer risks associated with muir - torre syndrome? the cancer risks are considered to be similar to the risks of people who have lynch syndrome. general cancer risks for people with muir - torre syndrome : 11 % to 19 % 2 % to 7 % 4 % to 5 % 1 % to 4 % 1 % to 3 % cancer risks for women with muir - torre syndrome : 20 % to 60 % 9 % to 12 % what are the screening options for muir - torre syndrome? screening recommendations for muir - torre syndrome are similar to those for lynch syndrome. it is important to discuss the following screening options with your doctor, as each individual is different : general screening guidelines - colonoscopy ( the doctor inserts a long, thin, flexible tube into the anus to check for abnormalities within the colon and rectum ) every one to two years, beginning between the ages of 20 to 25 ( or five years younger than the earliest age at


the doctor inserts a long, thin, flexible tube into the anus to check for abnormalities within the colon and rectum ) every one to two years, beginning between the ages of 20 to 25 ( or five years younger than the earliest age at diagnosis in the family, whichever is sooner ) - periodic upper endoscopy ( a thin, lighted, flexible tube with a small video camera is inserted into your mouth and down your esophagus to look for tumors or other abnormalities ) to look for stomach or intestinal cancer may be done, especially if a family member has had one of these cancers - yearly urine cytology to screen for urinary tract cancer - dermatologic ( skin ) screening at least once a year, beginning in early adulthood ( or five to 10 years before the earliest age at which skin problems developed in the family, whichever is sooner ) screening for women, beginning between the ages of 25 to 30 - yearly pelvic examination - pap test - transvaginal ultrasound ( a test where an small ultrasound probe is inserted like a speculum for a pelvic examination in order to obtain better imaging of the uterus ) - endometrial biopsy ( a biopsy of the inner lining of the uterus done as a part of a pelvic examination ) - ca - 125 blood test ( a test to detect a protein found to be elevated in the blood of some women with ovarian cancer ) screening options may change over time as new technologies are developed and more is learned about muir - torre syndrome. it is important to talk with your doctor about appropriate screening tests. learn more about what to expect when having common tests, procedures, and scans. questions to ask the doctor if you are concerned about your risk of cancer, talk with your doctor. consider asking the following questions of your doctor : - what is my risk of developing colorectal cancer? - what is my risk of developing skin cancer? - what is my risk of other types of cancer? - what can i do to reduce my risk of cancer? - what are my options for cancer screening? if you are concerned about your family history and think your family may have muir - torre syndrome, consider asking the following questions : - does my family history increase my risk of colorectal cancer? - does my family history increase my risk of skin cancer or other skin problems? - does my family history increase my risk of other types of cancer? - should i meet with a genetic counselor? - should i consider genetic testing?


making decisions is designed to help you identify how you make decisions, how your style of decision making can work or be improved, and how you can weigh the pros and cons of deciding about cancer treatment. after listening to this toolbox program, you will be better prepared to : - identify how you prefer to make decisions about cancer and cancer treatment - find out the benefits of getting a second opinion to help you make decisions - identify how much time you have to make a decision - weigh the pros and cons in making a decision about cancer treatment - understand that you are an individual, not a cancer statistic hear an oncology nurse talk about her observations of the decisions cancer survivors are faced with. taking the lead learn the importance of taking charge of your care and making decisions to enhance your quality of life. survivor stories : types of decision makers listen to jim talk about the beginning of his journey and learn the different types of decision makers. survivor stories : identifying your style hear what decisions jim made and learn how to determine which decision making style you prefer. survivor stories : weighing the pros and cons hear how three women dealing with the same diagnosis determine what treatment is best for them and their lifestyle. survivor stories : complementary therapy listen to bill tell how he gathered information and made an informed decision about complementary therapy. hear a recap of the key principles and resources that will help you make sound decisions regarding your care.


earth day 2012 : protecting the environment for future generations forty - two years ago, the late wisconsin senator gaylord nelson had a vision of a world in which the environment was paramount. his vision led to the establishment of earth day - - april 22 - - a day in which we celebrate our planet and the environment that sustains us. on earth day we recommit ourselves to protecting the air we breathe, the water we drink and the land that nurtures us. our planet has been entrusted to us for future generations, but today too many people suffer the consequences of an environment at risk. we see too many children suffering from asthma, we see too many americans sickened by environmental pollutants and too many people worried about the safety of their drinking water. we have - - and we can - - continue to make progress thanks to strong environmental laws that have helped us reduce air pollution and clean up polluted streams and rivers. the environmental protection agency estimates that the clean air act has prevented 160, 000 premature deaths and 1. 7 million asthma attacks in 2010 alone. since the passage of the clean water act in 1972, more than one billion pounds per year of toxic pollutants have been removed from our nation ’ s waterways. as a member of the environment and public works committee, i am committed to protecting the chesapeake bay and to reduce other environmental pollutants that threaten our health and safety. the bottom line is : i will fight any attempt to roll back environmental protection laws. i am also encouraged by the growing realization of americans that a strong environment means a stronger economy and a more secure nation. we need to create sustainable jobs and that means we need to invest in an economy that ’ s built on efficiency and sustainability and that will protect our water, air and land. we also must lessen our dependence on an extremely volatile, unpredictable world oil market. developing america ’ s abundant renewable energy resources is critical for lowering energy costs and for reducing our reliance on foreign energy supplies. clean energy jobs are a policy tri - fecta : it ’ s good for the economy, good for the environment and good for our national security. as we celebrate earth day, we can rise to these challenges, and live up to senator nelson ’ s vision for the planet earth. america has an obligation to lead the rest of the world by example, and a strong, sustainable environment is a critical goal for the entire world. we owe our future generations no less.


do you make it a practice to take periodic glances at the speedometer of your toyota whenever you are driving? well you should. knowing whether your vehicle is running too fast or too slow is important, that is if you don ' t want to break any law and get traffic tickets. but do you know that vehicle speed is important not only to you but also to several components of your toyota? in fact, a toyota vehicle may even be equipped with two toyota speed sensors just to measure the vehicle speed! so, how important is speed measurement that every toyota vehicle must be equipped with toyota vehicle speed sensors? well, let ' s just say that many mechanisms on your vehicle would rely on speed measurements for them to function properly. various engine components, for example, would rely on the vehicle ' s speed for their timing and coordination. speed measurement is also very important for modern toyota vehicles equipped with anti - lock brakes. there are two types of sensors that may be installed in a toyota vehicle. the first is the toyota engine speed sensor. the engine speed sensor can be found on the vehicle ' s crankshaft, made up of a toothed metal disk mounted on the crankshaft and a stationary detector that records the rate at which the disk is spinning. the engine speed sensor transmits this record to the engine management computer through electric pulses. in turn, the engine management computer would modify engine functions and initiate diagnostic routines using this data. the second type of speed sensor that may be used on toyota vehicles is the wheel speed sensor. this type of speed sensor can only be found on toyota vehicles equipped with abs brakes. the appearance and working theory of the wheel speed sensor is actually very similar to that of the engine speed sensor, except that it is located near a wheel and is used to record the rotational speed of that wheel. the toyota wheel speed sensor would transmit the data it obtains to the abs computer, which in turn would use the said data to prevent wheel lock - ups. in some vehicle models, the engine management computer would use the same data gathered by the abs computer from the wheel speed sensor, thus eliminating the need for an additional engine speed sensor.


how to connect tubing to an oxygen tank posted on 31st, may 2012 in hospitals, oxygen is supplied from a central oxygen supply facility via an outlet in the wall. a flow meter regulates the oxygen supply. the physician will prescribe oxygen levels to be administered to a patient. elsewhere such as at home, oxygen tanks which contain the gas in its compressed form, are deployed. here ' s how you connect the cannula or tubing to the oxygen tank : 1. the oxygen tank or cylinder will have a plastic cap or plug covering the cylinder valve. these will be of different sizes in accordance with the cylinder size. remove this cap or plug. 2. place the regulator ( which should have a flow meter attached to it ) on the valve. tighten the regulator. 3. open the cylinder valve. 5. attach humidifier to the flow meter. ensure that this is mounted in an upright position. 6. attach the cannula tube to the humidifier. 7. open the valve in the flow meter in accordance with the doctor ' s orders. when the flow meter indicates low levels of oxygen, it ' s time to replace the oxygen tank. as you can see it is not difficult to set up oxgen tank at home just that you have to pay attention to the flow meter at all times.


french painter, sculptor, etcher, engraver, and geometrician, born at soucy, near sens, 1500 ; died at sens before 1593, probably in 1590. cousin began his long art - life in his native town with the study of glass - painting under hympe and grassot. at the same time he was diligently applying himself to this branch of art, wherein he was to become a master, the young man became a great student of mathematics and published a successful book on the subject. he also wrote on geometry in his student days. in 1530 cousin finished the beautiful windows for the sens cathedral, the subject chosen being the " legend of st. eutropius ". he had also painted the windows of many of the noble chateaux in and around the city. the latest date on any of his sens work, 1530, points to this as the year he went to paris, where he began work as a goldsmith ; but the amount and kind of his productions in the precious metals are alike unknown. in paris cousin continued his eminent career as a glass - painter, and his masterpiece, the windows of the sainte - chapelle in vincennes, are considered the finest examples of glass - painting in all france. he subsequently devoted himself to painting in oil, and is said to be the first frenchman to use the " new medium ". for this and other reasons cousin has been called " the founder of the french school " ; but his work in oil, while graceful, refined, reserved, and even classically severe, is more that of an italian " eclectic " than of a " founder of a national school ". pictures attributed to him, all of much merit, are found in several of the large european collections, but, excepting " the last judgment ", none is known to be authentic. " the last judgment " is fine in composition, noble in conception. and beautiful and harmonious in colour, strongly suggesting correggio. for a long time this masterpiece, which won him the name of the " french michelangelo ", lay neglected in the sacristy of the church of the minims, vincennes, until it was rescued by a priest and became one of the important works in the louvre. it is also celebrated for being the first french picture to be engraved. in the sixteenth century cousin ' s renown came from his historical and glass - paintings ; today he is best known as an illustrator of books. he made many fine designs for wood


it is also celebrated for being the first french picture to be engraved. in the sixteenth century cousin ' s renown came from his historical and glass - paintings ; today he is best known as an illustrator of books. he made many fine designs for woodcuts and often executed them himself. the " bible ", published in 1596 by le clerc, and the " metamorphoses " and " epistles " of ovid ( 1566 and 1571 respectively ) contain his most celebrated work as an illustrator. cousin etched and engraved many plates after the manner of mazzuola of parma, to whom the invention of etching has been ascribed ; but he excels all his contemporaries in facility of execution and classical breadth and simplicity of idea and feeling. his etched work approaches in excellence the oil - paintings of the great masters. cousin ' s sculptures are full of strength and dignity. the mausoleum of admiral philippe de chabot is the best piece of french sculpture of the sixteenth century ; the strikingly beautiful tomb of louis de breze ( rouen ) is another celebrated achievement. in addition to his early writings on mathematics, he published, in 1560, a learned treatise on perspective, and, in 1571, an excellent work on portrait - painting. during his life cousin successfully pursued every branch of the fine arts, and enjoyed the favour of, and worked for four kings of france : henry ii, francis ii, charles ix, and henry iii. among his paintings, in addition to the " last judgment ", mention should be made of the miniatures in the prayer book of henry ii now in the bibliotheque nationale ; among his etchings and engravings, the " annunciation " and the " conversion of st. paul " ; among his woodcuts, the " entree de henry ii et catherine de medicis a rouen " ( 1551 ). more catholic encyclopedia browse encyclopedia by alphabet the catholic encyclopedia is the most comprehensive resource on catholic teaching, history, and information ever gathered in all of human history. this easy - to - search online version was originally printed in fifteen hardcopy volumes. designed to present its readers with the full body of catholic teaching, the encyclopedia contains not only precise statements of what the church has defined, but also an impartial record of different views of acknowledged authority on all disputed questions, national, political or factional. in the determination of the truth the most recent and acknowledged scientific methods are employed, and the results of the latest research in theology, philosophy,


impartial record of different views of acknowledged authority on all disputed questions, national, political or factional. in the determination of the truth the most recent and acknowledged scientific methods are employed, and the results of the latest research in theology, philosophy, history, apologetics, archaeology, and other sciences are given careful consideration. no one who is interested in human history, past and present, can ignore the catholic church, either as an institution which has been the central figure in the civilized world for nearly two thousand years, decisively affecting its destinies, religious, literary, scientific, social and political, or as an existing power whose influence and activity extend to every part of the globe. in the past century the church has grown both extensively and intensively among english - speaking peoples. their living interests demand that they should have the means of informing themselves about this vast institution, which, whether they are catholics or not, affects their fortunes and their destiny. browse the catholic encyclopedia by topic copyright © catholic encyclopedia. robert appleton company new york, ny. volume 1 : 1907 ; volume 2 : 1907 ; volume 3 : 1908 ; volume 4 : 1908 ; volume 5 : 1909 ; volume 6 : 1909 ; volume 7 : 1910 ; volume 8 : 1910 ; volume 9 : 1910 ; volume 10 : 1911 ; volume 11 : - 1911 ; volume 12 : - 1911 ; volume 13 : - 1912 ; volume 14 : 1912 ; volume 15 : 1912 catholic online catholic encyclopedia digital version compiled and copyright © catholic online