paris – scientists have made an incredible discovery on an asteroid that may prove a highly debated theory! an asteroid has provided evidence of water ice, as well as organic compounds which bolster a leading theory for the origins of life on earth. scientists made their findings by studying 24 themis, an asteroid about 479 million kilometers from the sun, which is one of the largest asteroids in the solar system. “ up until now there was no sign that asteroids had any abundant organics or ice on them, ” said joshua emery, an astronomer at the university of tennessee and one of the authors of the studies. his discovery, along with other scientists, may provide the evidence for the possibility that the essential building blocks for life came from asteroids. asteroids have mostly been known to be devoid of water due to their proximity to the sun, with comets being the ones to contain water because they form farther out in space. “ we had previously thought that only the comets could have brought a lot of water to earth, ” said andrew rivkin, researcher at john hopkins university and one of the lead authors of the studies. “ but we now have more reasons to think that the asteroid impacts may also have brought a significant amount, especially if each one might have 20 to 30 percent water. ” scientists now plan to scan the asteroid belt for more evidence of water and organic materials, hoping to determine if 24 themis is just a comet that got stuck in the asteroid belt or an actual water - bearing asteroid.


the kelvin problem - what packing minimizes the surface area in 3d space? for over 100 years, the kelvin structure composed of truncated octahedrons was believed to be the unit cell, which divided 3d space with minimum surface area. in 1994, the weaire - phelan structure was proposed, which shows 0. 3 % less surface area than the kelvin structure. although monodisperse foams have been used to address this problem and realize the structure, high density difference between gas and liquid and lack of technology to make monodisperse bubbles at micron scale have severely restricted their production and observation. we are studying this problem with monodisperse emulsion drops, instead of foam. microfluidic technique facilitates the production of such small and uniform drops. as continuous phase evaporates, monodisperse drops are densely packed without coalescence, minimizing their interfacial area. therefore, microfluidic approach provides an ideal model system to address kelvin ' s problem. in addition, through polymerization of drops in densely packed state, we can permanently fix the structure and produce monodisperse polyhedron microparticles which are potentially useful as building blocks for assemblies. figure 1 : two layers of monodisperse emulsion drops ( a ) in a low volume fraction of drops ( beehive structure ) and ( b ) in a high volume fraction ( toth structure ). ( c ) polyhedron microparticles templated by toth structure. [ scale bar = 200 microns ] this project is a collaboration with shin - hyun kim.


to create a table, you start and end a line using the table marker " | | ". between those start and end markers, you can create any number of cells by separating them with " | | ". to get a centered cell that spans several columns, you start that cell with more than one cell marker. adjacent lines of the same indent level containing table markup are combined into one table. for more information on the possible markup, see helponediting. apart from the option to repeat cell markers to get columns spanning several other columns, you can directly set many html table attributes. any attributes have to be placed between angle brackets <... > directly after the cell marker. the wiki - like markup has the following options : < 50 % > : cell width < ( > : left aligned < ) > : right aligned < ^ > : aligned to top < v > : aligned to bottom < # xxxxxx > : background color if you use several conflicting options like < ( : ) >, the last option wins. there is no explicit option for vertical centering ( middle ), since that is always the default. in addition to these, you can add some of the traditional, more long - winded html attributes ( note that only certain html attributes are allowed ). by specifying attributes this way, it is also possible to set properties of the table rows and of the table itself, especially you can set the table width using | | < tablewidth = " 100 % " >... | | in the very first row of your table, and the color of a full row by | | < rowbgcolor = " # ffffe0 " >... | | in the first cell of a row. as you can see, you have to prefix the name of the html attribute with table or row. general table layout and html like options : : | | | | | | < tablewidth = " 80 % " > ' ' ' heading ' ' ' | | | | cell 1 | | cell2 | | cell 3 | | | | < rowspan = 2 > spanning rows | | | | < bgcolor = ' # e0e0ff ' > spanning 2 columns | | | | < rowbgcolor = " # ffffe0 " > cell2 | | cell 3 | | cell width : : | | narrow | | < : 99 % > wide | | spanning rows and columns : : | |


thu september 27, 2012 streams of water once flowed on mars ; nasa says photos prove it originally published on thu september 27, 2012 8 : 31 pm nasa ' s curiosity rover has found definitive proof that water once ran across the surface of mars, the agency announced today. nasa scientists say new photos from the rover show rocks that were smoothed and rounded by water. the rocks are in a large canyon and nearby channels that were cut by flowing water, making up an alluvial fan. " you had water transporting these gravels to the downslope of the fan, " nasa researchers say. the gravel then formed into a conglomerate rock, which was in turn likely covered before being exposed again. the agency ' s scientists presented their findings of the former streambed on mars at a news conference today. " a river ran through it, " curiosity ' s operators tweeted thursday. " i found evidence of an ancient streambed on mars, similar to some on earth. " " from the size of gravels it carried, we can interpret the water was moving about 3 feet per second, " said curiosity science co - investigator william dietrich, " with a depth somewhere between ankle and hip deep. " the rocks have not undergone scientific analysis. but the nasa team says that taken with geographic data from mars orbiters, the photographs tell a story all their own. the images show rocks with round, smooth surfaces ; many of them have been broken down into sizes smaller than one inch in diameter. " the shapes tell you they were transported and the sizes tell you they couldn ' t be transported by wind, " co - investigator rebecca williams said. " they were transported by water flow. " " there is earlier evidence for the presence of water on mars, " the agency said in a press release, " but this evidence — images of rocks containing ancient streambed gravels — is the first of its kind. " nasa ' s team has named the rock outcrop that reveals the former streambed " hottah, " after canada ' s hottah lake. scientists have not yet estimated the age of the rocks, which may have been buried beneath the surface. their age could be several billion years. the next step will be to find a good spot to drill into the rock, nasa says. and they ' ll be looking for possible carbon deposits to determine whether the water on mars once supported life. the photographs released thursday are among more than 13, 000 raw images curiosity has captured. the rover took the photos during its mission to mars


pcr prevalence of ranavirus in free - ranging eastern box turtles ( terrapene carolina carolina ) at rehabilitation centers in three southeastern us states ranaviruses ( genus ranavirus ) have been observed in disease epidemics and mass mortality events in free - ranging amphibian, turtle, and tortoise populations worldwide. infection is highly fatal in turtles, and the potential impact on endangered populations could be devastating. our objectives were to determine the prevalence of ranavirus dna in blood and oral swabs, report associated clinical signs of infection, and determine spatial distribution of infected turtles. blood and oral swabs were taken from 140 eastern box turtles ( terrapene carolina carolina ) that were presented to the wildlife centers at the university of tennessee ( ut ; n = 39 ), wildlife center of virginia ( wcv ; n = 34 ), and north carolina state university ( ncsu ; n = 36 ), as well as a free - ranging nonrehabilitation population near oak ridge, tennessee ( or ; n = 39 ) march - november 2007. samples were evaluated for ranavirus infection using polymerase chain reaction ( pcr ) targeting a conserved portion of the major capsid protein. two turtles, one from ut and one from ncsu, had evidence of ranavirus infection ; sequences of pcr products were 100 % homologous to frog virus 3. prevalence of ranavirus dna in blood was 3, 0, 3, and 0 % for ut, wcv, ncsu, and or, respectively. prevalence in oral swab samples was 3, 0, and 0 % for ut, wcv, and ncsu, respectively. wildlife centers may be useful in detection of ranavirus infection and may serve as a useful early monitoring point for regional disease outbreaks. matthew c. allender, m abd - eldaim, juergen p. schumacher, d mcruer, l s. christian, and melissa a. kennedy. " pcr prevalence of ranavirus in free - ranging eastern box turtles ( terrapene carolina carolina ) at rehabilitation centers in three southeastern us states " journal of wildlife diseases 47. 3 ( 2011 ) : 759 - 764. this document is currently not available here.


last modified : 2003 - 08 - 16 by dov gutterman keywords : venezuela | america | bolivar | star | links : fotw homepage | search | disclaimer and copyright | write us | mirrors by giuseppe bottasini state flag in circular and straight up stars allignment by guillermo aveledo official name : bolivarian republic of venezuela ( republica bolivariana de venezuela ) location : south america government type : federal republic flag adopted : 19 febuary 1954 iso code : ve from agence france presse, november 13, 1999 : " venezuela changes name to " bolivarian republic of venezuela " venezuela ' s constitutional assembly on friday approved a name change for the country, which in the future will be called the bolivarian republic of venezuela. venezuelan president hugo chavez has said the name change was an essential part of his " revolutionary project " to change the country ' s constitution. " bolivarian " referes to revolutionary figure and national hero simon bolivar. members of a style commission agreed the text of the name change, although it has not yet been decided when the name change would go into effect. " david fowler, 14 november 1999 venezuela has, if the people give a yes vote to this constitutional change and a new name : republica bolivariana de venezuela. however, the flag will remain the same. guillermo aveledo, 14 november 1999 see also : coat of arms in 1930, the national congress rearranges the stars to its actual design : in a semi - circular order. officialy, the stars have to be placed in a " arc " fashion, but there are no specifications about the arc other than the horizontal placing : centered. also, there are many versions of the venezuelan flag, using different shades of blue on the central band. on official buildings, military units and navy ships, the flag carries the arms on the corner, centered on the yellow band. the colors and the stars represent : yellow : nobleness, love, power, and sovereignity ( also, all the venezuelan wealth ) blue : loyalty, justice and perseverence ( also the ocean that separates venezuela from spain, the motherland ) red : honor, bravery, strength and greatness ( also, the blood of all who fought for venezuelas liberation ) the stars represent the 7 united provinces who signed the independence act, on july 5, 1811. this provinces were caracas, cumana, barcelona, barinas, margarita, merida & trujillo. jorge v. alonso - iglesias at < www. ucab


united provinces who signed the independence act, on july 5, 1811. this provinces were caracas, cumana, barcelona, barinas, margarita, merida & trujillo. jorge v. alonso - iglesias at < www. ucab. edu. ve > ( defunct ) one finds : " our flag is made up of three horizontal stripes of equal width. yellow stands for the richnesses of the territory, blue for the sea separating us from spain and red for the blood shed by our patriots during the independence [ war ]. our national flag was brought by general francisco de miranda in his second expedition on march 12th, 1806 into " vela de coro " ; this is why the flag day is held on march 12th. it was recognised as national standard by congress on july 15th, 1811 and was firstly hoisted as such on july 14th that year. " santiago dotor, 30 december 1998 coro, which is the oldest city in the mainland of venezuela, is directly on the shoreline. a lookout post was placed north of the city, and was named " la vela de coro ", literally " the watch over coro ". the spanish word " vela " can both mean sail and vigil. this later is the correct sense of this word, the place where the vigil, the watch, ricardo kowalski, 15 september 1999 flags in venezuela are made in a very informal, quite crafty way. as far as i know, there isn ' t any official guideline or chart for the construction of the national flag, so there are flags with smaller stars, narrower archs, longer stripes, different colours. in the current constitution, it says, about the flag, that this is the tricolori of yellow, blue and red. plain and simple. not much further explanatios are set in the law of national symbols. guillermo tell, 5 november 1999 according to [ pay00 ], the " plain " flag ( ybr, 7 w stars, no coat of arms ) is used as alternative civil flag and ensign. ivan sache, 14 january 2001 national flag of venezuela, 1930 - established on july 15th by disposition of the national congress ( as it must be ), it incorporates the constellation of stars in arc of circle with the convexity upwards, perhaps, as remembrance of the crest that until that year enriched some reproductions of the coat of arms of the republic. still one stays effective in two variants : the one of civil use with its three colors and seven stars and


the convexity upwards, perhaps, as remembrance of the crest that until that year enriched some reproductions of the coat of arms of the republic. still one stays effective in two variants : the one of civil use with its three colors and seven stars and the one of state use, that adds the venezuelan shield of arms in full color at the canton. nevertheless, the law of national flag, coat of arms and anthem effective from 1954 establishes in fact three venezuelan flags : tricolor without stars and coat of arms, for civil use ; tricolor with stars and coat of arms, for state and military use and the one of the merchant marine, which would only take stars and that the venezuelan soul did hers for civil use actually making unthinkable the absence of the stars. raul orta, 9 may 2002 the " law of national flag, shield and anthem " effective since 1954 is the only legal instrument which regulates the matter in my all country, in agreement it establishes the constitution in force since 1999. article 2º of the mentioned law establishes three national flags, that is to say : 1. a field divided in three horizontal and equal stripes : yellow, blue and red that correspond to the civil flag and ensign ; 2. the previous design to which adds seven five - pinted and white stars in arc of circle with the convexity upward and the venezuelan coat of arms on the canton, that constitutes the state and war flag and ensign ; 3. the design described on numeral " 1 " which adds only the seven stars in the same disposicion already described, that even though it was established originally for the merchant marine concludes consolidated by popular will like civil flag and ensign replacing in fact the indicated on the corresponding text. however, the prevailing situation on my homeland has unquestionably generated a renovation and exaltation of the venezolanity in all its most genuine expressions. even though the law determines a character distinction, the national soul has assumed indifferently the national flag ( with stars ) and the national pavillion ( with stars and coat of arms ) like emblem of identity. even more, taking as axis the design of the national flag diverse variants has been generated responding the predominant feelings, which we have come compiling to share them with you opportunely. as far as the " finial ", the venezuelan " ceremonial military protocol and regulation " in force establishes that the spear to which of leans the national pabellon will carry a " moharra " with the venezuelan coat of arms in relief within a con


as the " finial ", the venezuelan " ceremonial military protocol and regulation " in force establishes that the spear to which of leans the national pabellon will carry a " moharra " with the venezuelan coat of arms in relief within a contour that simulates a spear - point. in another cases, any type of " conventional " finials has been used : from spheres, to streamlined flower or spear - points ; even, there are masts which lacks them. nevertheless, the more spread custom has been to raise or to fix the national flag on spears or mast finished off on spear - points, doing an informal analogy with those of the " llaneros " ( plain men ) that integrated the patriotic forces during the venezuelan war of independence. raul orta, 6 january 2003 circular and straight up stars allignment ( see below ) by guillermo aveledo, 30 december 1999 in the national venezolan flag the stars are for ( hoist to fly ) : caracas, cumana, barinas, barcelona, margarita, merida and trujillo. the seven provinces revolted against spain colonial jaume olle, 14 february 1997 in last " vexillacta " ( a belgian vexillolgical review ), a note about the venezuelian flag states that the 7 stars are disposed so as to have a point orientated towards the exterior of the imaginary circle of stars. armand noel du payrat, 20 december 1999 according to the law of national symbols they could be arranged like that, as it did not specify, and we could also ( and usualy ) find the version of the flag depicted above : the point of th stars pointing straight up. as i ' ve been paying attention to any venezuelan flags i see on the street ( and there are many : we are on a national duel due to the mudslides and floods which we suffered last week ), and have noticed both variants used in very similar proportions. my count : 35 ( straight up ) to 33 ( circular guillermo aveledo, 20 december 1999 the real national flag have the stars in arc, but standing over their two " legs ", and not following the arc. pablo acosta ri ' os, 15 june 2000 wrong flag with black stars gouda ' s roem, a margarine factory, issued in c. 1950 a several flag albums ; text : r. j. j. heirman ( ex - teacher ) ; drawings : leonard truk. editor : van dijk ' s mengbedri


types of fraud continued used with permission from the united states securities and exchange commission. frauds come in many types and varieties. whether you are a first - time investor or have been investing for many years, here are some basic facts you should know about the different types of fraud. in the classic " pyramid " scheme, participants attempt to make money solely by recruiting new participants. the hallmark of these schemes is the promise of sky - high returns in a short period of time. pyramid scheme promoters may go to great lengths to make the program look like a multi - level marketing program selling legitimate products or services. but these fraudsters use money from new recruits to pay off early stage investors until eventually, the pyramid collapses. at some point, the schemes get too big, the promoter cannot raise enough money from new investors to pay earlier investors, and people lose their money. ponzi and pyramid schemes are closely related. here is how to tell them apart : | pyramid scheme | | ponzi scheme | | typical “ hook ” | | earn high profits by making one payment and finding a set number of others to become distributors of a product. the scheme typically does not involve a genuine product. the purported product may not exist or it may only be “ sold ” within the pyramid scheme. | | earn high investment returns with little or no risk by simply handing over your money ; the investment typically does not exist. | | payments | | must recruit new distributors to receive payments. | | no recruiting necessary to receive payments. | | interaction with original promoter | | sometimes none. new participants may enter scheme at a different level. | | promoter generally acts directly with all participants. | | source of payments | | from new participants – always disclosed. | | from new participants – never disclosed. | “ prime bank ” investments if someone approaches you about investing in a so - called " prime bank " program, " prime world bank " financial instrument, or similar high - yield security, you should know that these investments do not exist. they are all scams. prime bank programs often claim investors ' funds will be used to buy and trade " prime bank " instruments. promoters make the schemes seem legitimate, using complex, sophisticated and official - sounding terms. the investment may be described as debentures, standby letters of credit, bank guarantees, an offshore trading program, a high - yield investment program, or some variation. to reassure investors, promoters may claim that the instrument is issued, traded, or guaranteed by a well - known organization such as the


##by letters of credit, bank guarantees, an offshore trading program, a high - yield investment program, or some variation. to reassure investors, promoters may claim that the instrument is issued, traded, or guaranteed by a well - known organization such as the world bank, the international monetary fund ( imf ), a central bank, such as the u. s. federal reserve or the international chamber of commerce ( icc ). secrecy is another tip - off. prime bank scheme promoters frequently claim that investment opportunities of this type are by invitation only and limited to select, wealthy customers. they cite secrecy if potential investors ask for references, and sometimes ask investors to sign non - disclosure agreements. some promoters are audacious enough to advertise in national newspapers. they may avoid using the term " prime bank note, " and tell prospective investors that their programs do not involve prime bank instruments. regardless of what they ’ re called, the basic pitch remains the same, and investors should remain vigilant against offers to invest in high - yield, risk - free international finance programs. promissory notes are a form of debt that companies sometimes use to raise money. they typically involve investors loaning money to a company in exchange for a fixed amount of periodic income. although promissory notes can be appropriate investments for many individuals, some fraudsters use promissory notes to defraud investors, especially the elderly. pump and dump schemes " pump and dump " schemes have two parts. in the first, promoters try to boost the price of a stock with false or misleading statements about the company. once the stock price has been pumped up, fraudsters move on to the second part, where they seek to profit by selling their own holdings of the stock, dumping shares into the market. these schemes often occur on the internet where it is common to see messages urging readers to buy a stock quickly. often, the promoters will claim to have " inside " information about a development that will be positive for the stock. after these fraudsters dump their shares and stop hyping the stock, the price typically falls, and investors lose their money. pump and dump schemes typically involve little - known microcap companies.


gut bacteria reveals human migrations a bacterial parasite known to cause stomach ulcers is shedding new light on ancient patterns of human migration across the pacific region, according to an international study. in the latest edition of science, researchers report that their study of the distribution of helicobacter pylori genotypes has given further weight to the theory that australia was first populated around 30, 000 years ago. h. pylori is particularly useful for studying the movement of human populations because it is extremely widespread, and is transmitted from mother to child. co - author professor barry marshall, a microbiologist at the university of western australia, says h. pylori is a lot like mitochondrial dna, which is also used to investigate human migration patterns. " you catch [ h. pylori ] off your mother, " says marshall. " all of us carry our mothers ' mitochondrial dna and that goes all the way back through the generations. " h. pylori has a further advantage in that it contains thousands of genes, compared to just 37 genes in mdna, and differs between populations. " it was found over [ the ] last few years that each human racial group carried a helicobacter that was relatively unique in that group, " marshall says. by studying the genetic sequences of hundreds of helicobacter samples taken from populations around the world, researchers were able to map the points in time at which different helicobacter genotypes went their separate ways. using this information, they established that two different waves of migration brought humans to the pacific region. the first wave, which split from the original asian population between 37, 000 and 31, 000 years ago, diverged again into the australian and new guinean populations 23, 000 to 31, 000 years ago. these dates are similar to those obtained from studies of mitochondrial dna, but much later than the dates suggested by archaeological findings, the authors report. a second wave dispersed from taiwan 5000 years ago to populate melanesia and the polynesian islands. marshall, who, along with colleague dr helen windsor, has been investigating the prevalence of helicobacter in indigenous populations, says the research adds another piece of independent information to the migration puzzle. " there was a little bit of argument, i believe, as to how long ago indigenous people came to australia and that was related to discrepancies in carbon dating, " marshall says. " but i think that number of 30, 000 years seems to be the consensus


a heart attack occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle is interrupted. oxygen cannot get to the heart muscle, causing tissue damage or tissue death. copyright © nucleus medical media, inc. a heart attack may be caused by : - thickening of the walls of the arteries feeding the heart muscle ( coronary arteries ) - accumulation of fatty plaques in the coronary arteries - narrowing of the coronary arteries - spasm of the coronary arteries - development of a blood clot in the coronary arteries - embolism that affects the coronary arteries these factors increase your chance of developing heart attack. tell your doctor if you have any of these : squeezing, heavy chest pain, especially with : - exercise or exertion - emotional stress - cold weather - a large meal - pain in the left shoulder, left arm, or jaw - shortness of breath - sweating, clammy skin - loss of consciousness - anxiety, especially feeling a sense of doom or panic without apparent reason unusual symptoms of heart attack ( may occur more frequently in women ) : - stomach pain - back and shoulder pain if you think you are having a heart attack, call 911 right away. tests may include : - blood tests — to look for certain enzymes found in the blood within hours or days after a heart attack. - urine tests — to look for certain substances found in the urine within hours or days after a heart attack. - electrocardiogram ( ekg ) — records the heart ' s activity by measuring electrical currents through the heart muscle, changes can show if there is blockage or damage. - echocardiogram — uses high - frequency sound waves ( ultrasound ) to examine the size, shape, function, and motion of the heart. - stress test — records the heart ' s electrical activity under increased physical stress, usually done days or weeks after the heart attack. - nuclear scanning — uses radioactive material to show areas of the heart muscle where there is diminished blood flow. - electron - beam computed tomography ( ebct ) — a type of x - ray that uses a computer to make detailed pictures of the heart, coronary arteries, and surrounding structures. - coronary angiography — uses dye and x - rays to look for narrowing or blockage in the coronary arteries. - pain - relieving medicine - nitrate medicines and other antiplatelet agents and / or angiotensin - converting enzyme ( ace ) inhibitor medicines - anti - anxiety medicine - cholesterol - lowering medicines ( such as statin drugs ) within the first


relieving medicine - nitrate medicines and other antiplatelet agents and / or angiotensin - converting enzyme ( ace ) inhibitor medicines - anti - anxiety medicine - cholesterol - lowering medicines ( such as statin drugs ) within the first six hours after a heart attack, you may be given medicines to break up blood clots in the coronary arteries. other medicines that may be given include those that block the function of platelets. if you have severe blockages, you may need surgery, such as : recovery, you may need physical or rehabilitative therapy to help you regain your strength. you may feel after having a heart attack. can help relieve if you have a heart attack, follow your doctor ' s preventing or treating coronary artery disease may help prevent a heart attack. about heart attacks. american heart association website. available at :. accessed august 7, 2012. st - elevation myocardial infarction ( stemi ). ebsco dynamed website. available at :. updated june 7, 2012. accessed august 7, 2012. what is a heart attack? national heart lung and blood institute website. available at :. updated march 1, 2011. accessed august 7, 2011. 7 / 6 / 2009 dynamed ' s systematic literature surveillance : antithrombotic trialists ' ( att ) collaboration, baigent c, blackwell l, et al. aspirin in the primary and secondary prevention of vascular disease : collaborative meta - analysis of individual participant data from randomised trials. last reviewed september 2012 by michael j. fucci, do please be aware that this information is provided to supplement the care provided by your physician. it is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. call your healthcare provider immediately if you think you may have a medical emergency. always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. copyright © ebsco publishing. all rights reserved.


nature parks and reserves nature parks and reserves include australia ' s national parks and other protected areas of land or sea especially dedicated to the protection of biodiversity and other natural and cultural resources. australia has over 1, 500 world heritage areas, and national and state parks and reserves which are managed by the australian government and each of the state governments. the area covered extends beyond australia ' s coastline to include marine protected areas up to three nautical miles out to sea as well as national parks on the cocos ( keeling ), christmas and norfolk islands. more than 7. 8 million australians ( 52 % ) aged 18 years and over visited a world heritage area, national or state park in the twelve months prior to march 2004, according to a survey conducted by the abs. a similar survey conducted in 2001 and 1998 reported a 54 % attendance rate of australians visiting these areas. residents of the northern territory recorded the highest attendance rate ( 61 % ) and south australians the lowest ( 49 % ). 9. 1 attendance at nature parks ( a ), by state and territory - 2004 ( b ) | new south wales | | south australia | | western australia | | northern territory | | australian capital territory | | ( a ) includes world heritage parks and state parks. | | ( b ) twelve months before interview in 2004. | | abs, environmental issues : people ' s views and practices, march 2004 ( cat. no. 4602. 0 ). | the survey found that australians aged 25 - 44 years, and couple households with dependent children were the most likely to visit a world heritage area, national or state park. 9. 2 attendance at nature parks ( a ), by age - 2004 ( b ) 9. 3 attendance at nature parks ( a ), by household type - 2004 ( b ) this page last updated 23 may 2008


the following data is extracted from genealogy and biography of ontario county, new york. the surname hayes is the plural form of an ancient word, hay, or haw, which means a fence, a hedge or a boundary, also a space enclosed, as a park or field. its derivation can be traced to many european languages wherein both the primitive and secondary meanings are precisely the same. from this simple root have sprung the names of hay, hayes, haywood or heywood, hayland, greenhays and many others of a similar character. the name of hayes is to be found both in england and scotland, but is far more common in the former than it is in the latter country. the new england colonial records of the seventeenth century contain the names of four immigrants of this name : thomas hayes, of milford, connecticut ( 1641 ), descendants of whom removed to newark, new jersey ; nathaniel, who was of norwalk. connecticut ( 1651 ) ; john, of dover, new hampshire, who came from scotland in 1680 ; and george, of windsor, connecticut, who, tradition asserts, was a brother of the preceding john. the hayes of canandaigua, new york, who form the principal subject of this article, are descended from the windsor settler. ( i ) george hayes, who arrived in new england about the year 1680, and probably was about twenty - five years old at the time of his immigration, first settled in windsor, connecticut, whence he removed in 1698 to that part of simsbury, connecticut, which is now ( 1911 ) granby. in a manuscript record written or dictated by his grandson, ezekiel hayes, of new haven, he is referred to as follows : " went from scotland to derbyshire, england, and lived with his uncle. he was anxious to see london, whither he went. having received some account of america, he took passage for this country. " george hayes ' residence in simsbury was in the locality known as salmon brook, and he died there. september 2, 1725. although he was not active in public affairs his name frequently appears in the early town records of simsbury in connection with land transactions, assessments, " minister ' s rates, " etc., and from these it may be inferred that he was pious, thrifty and in every way a worthy citizen. his first wife, whose christian name was sarah and whose surname is illegible on the windsor records, died early in 1683. and the children of this union died young.


he was pious, thrifty and in every way a worthy citizen. his first wife, whose christian name was sarah and whose surname is illegible on the windsor records, died early in 1683. and the children of this union died young. at windsor, august 29, 1683, he married ( second ) abigail dibble, only daughter of samuel, granddaughter of thomas, and great - granddaughter of robert dibble, who arrived from england in 1635, settling in dorchester, massachusetts. children, born in windsor : 1. abigail, august 31. 1684 ; married paul tompkins. 2. daniel, born april 26, 1686. 3. sarah, january 22, 1687 - 8 ; married john gosard ( or gozzard ), son of nicholas and elizabeth gozzard, of windsor. 4. mary, born january 6, 1689 - 90 ; married, august 28, 1712, william rice. 5. joanna, born october 2. 1692 ; died after 1780 ; married james hillyer, of simsbury. 6. george. horn march 9, 1695. 7. william, born june 13, 1697, in simsbury. 8. samuel, mentioned below. 9. thankful, born 1700 - 01 ; married, october 9, 1717, nathaniel holcombe. 10. benjamin, born 1702 - 03. 11. dorothy, 1706 ; married abraham dibble, her first cousin. source : genealogy and biography of ontario county, new york


mold : the pervasive fungus among us relative of mushrooms and yeast, mold serves nature well by decomposing dead organic matter like leaves and wood. however, when mold grows in your home, its powerful enzymes eat through wallpaper, wood, and other materials while producing allergens that can have severe health consequences. prolific throughout nature, there are over 200, 000 identified species of mold, with more being discovered regularly. mold reproduces with mold spores which are like microscopic seeds. at about three microns in size, mold spores are invisible to the human eye. for comparison, the period at the end of this sentence is roughly 300 microns in size - that ' s 100 times larger than the typical mold spore! not only are they invisible, but mold spores are virtually indestructible. they can live for decades, just lying dormant, waiting for the right conditions to begin growing and producing more mold spores, and many species release chemical toxins into the air as a self - defense mechanism. the more you learn about mold spores, the more they sound like space invaders in a sci - fi flick. mold & your health 2006, a university of cincinnati study found that infants who were exposed to airborne mold spores were more likely to develop allergies to mold, pollen, dust mites, pet dander, and certain foods as they grew older. tina reponen, author of the study, says, " it turns out that the health effects of airborne fungal spores are more complicated than we thought. " over 80 % of allergy sufferers are sensitive to mold spores, and a 1999 mayo clinic study discovered allergenic fungal sinusitis among 93 % of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis ( crs ). like other allergens, mold can cause sneezing, chronic cough, runny nose, congestion, itchy and watery eyes, skin rashes, sinus headaches, and even more severe respiratory problems. but you don ' t have to be an allergic individual for mold to adversely affect your health. mold can also act as an infectious agent, like bacteria and viruses. additionally, some species of mold produce chemical toxins called mycotoxins. stachybotys ( pronounced " stack - ee - bot - ris " ), also known as black mold, is the most common and dangerous species of toxic mold. symptoms of toxic mold exposure may include memory loss and other cognitive disorders, nose bleeds, dizziness, nausea, anemia, difficulty breathing,


what caused my corn ear tips to not completely fill? aug 05, 2011 question : i ’ ve been checking my corn this week and the ears are filled out pretty decent except around the top ; the tips are mostly empty. it ’ s been hot here, so i ’ m guessing i don ’ t have good ear fill because of the heat, but i ’ m wondering if you can give me any better idea of the cause? answer : you ’ re probably right about it being the result of the heat, if you ’ re in an area that had a lot of high temperatures hit your area during pollination. tips of corn ears pollinate last and so are most susceptible to kernel abortion. if you look at the ears and see fairly uniform kernel loss around the top, that ’ s probably what you ’ ve experienced. a potassium or nitrogen deficiency is another possibility. both of those nutrients are mobile and move from the oldest to the newest part of the plant but will look different on the crop ’ s leaves. nitrogen deficiency starts at the tip of the leaf and comes down through the mid - rib, so there will be a v - pattern through the mid - rib. a potassium deficiency looks somewhat the same, so you have to look closely. that deficiency starts at the tips but then goes down through the outside of the leaves. the grain filling period is the final important stage in growth and development of the corn crop. stress on the crop during this time period can mean lower yields. if you saw abnormal corn ear development in your fields this year, you weren ’ t alone. a number of farmers across the midwest reported seeing curved, bent and / or twisted ears in their cornfields.


the earth is running a fever. so with summers growing hotter ( and with affluence rising ) year by year, our world is becoming more and more dependent on air - conditioning. the possibility that air - conditioning could go universal has, in turn, raised ecological alarms, prompting a scramble for more eco - friendly cooling. the united states military, for instance, is being praised for aggressively pursuing alternative energy development and energy conservation. the latter has included spraying foam onto soldiers ' tents in iraq and afghanistan in order to reduce expenditures on air - conditioning. the foam is credited with saving $ 1bn worth of the diesel fuel that runs the generators that power the air - conditioners. but how much energy has really been saved by insulating tents in iraq, when, for at least six years, a solid majority of those in the us have believed that the war there was all a big waste from the very beginning anyway? and what purpose does energy efficiency serve when it supports the war in afghanistan, a bloody venture that only 27 per cent of us citizens and fewer than one - third of afghans believe is worthwhile? in a more peaceful realm of human endeavour, solar power is being used, or soon will be, to air - condition airport terminals that serve a wide variety of cities big and small around the world, from munich to kuwait to adelaide to nantucket. this too is said to be saving energy and reducing greenhouse emissions. but what about the net impact? these facilities are enabling air travel, which is the fastest - growing source of emissions from transportation. passenger volume is expected to continue growing at its current rate of five per cent a year, and that will cancel out both gains from any number of solar - cooled terminals and expected improvements in aircraft fuel efficiency. as a result, overall emissions from air travel are expected to grow at an alarming two to four per cent per year in coming decades. the power - hungry air - conditioner there are many more examples of energy - efficient technologies being deployed across the globe and, paradoxically, bringing with them increased energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. the biggest leaps in energy use come in the summer months. largely because of increasing use of air - conditioning, electric utilities worldwide have struggled to satisfy record demand through the torrid summers that have become ever more frequent in recent years. in the united states, consumption of energy for air - conditioning homes and vehicles has more than doubled just since the mid - 1990s. in india, total consumption for air - conditioning is projected to climb as much as ten -


more frequent in recent years. in the united states, consumption of energy for air - conditioning homes and vehicles has more than doubled just since the mid - 1990s. in india, total consumption for air - conditioning is projected to climb as much as ten - fold over the coming decade ; air - conditioners already reportedly account for a staggering 40 per cent of all electricity consumption in the city of mumbai. in brazil, air - conditioning demand has more than tripled in just five years, contributing to a surge in electricity consumption. unusually steep increases in electricity demand in southern european countries are being blamed on the proliferation of air - conditioning. the greatest irony, of course, is that by chilling the indoor environment today, we are helping ensure that future summers will be even hotter. air - conditioning ' s massive energy demand is overwhelming efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. take the output from all of the united states ’ renewable electricity sources combined, multiply it by five, and it still could not satisfy current air - conditioning demand - let alone serve other uses. the us department of energy projects that wind, solar, geothermal, and biomass electricity generation will indeed expand almost fivefold, but not until 2030. by that year, if the department ' s predictions hold, total electrical generation from all renewable sources will be sufficient to satisfy only 75 per cent of air - conditioning demand. for everything else, there will be no green alternative. better energy efficiency alone cannot reduce the weight of an air - conditioned society. us home air - conditioning units in service today are an impressive 28 per cent more efficient on average than they were in the mid - 1990s. but we have taken full advantage of that cheaper comfort, and as a result, the number of kilowatt - hours of electricity used for cooling the average air - conditioned household actually increased by 37 per cent over that same period. this carries on a trend that has persisted since before the industrial revolution : more efficient technologies are cheaper to use, so naturally, we use them more. and because energy efficiency is a powerful economic stimulus, we take advantage of it not by doing the same with less, or by doing more with less, but by doing more with more. thus we have everything from foam - covered tents to amazing, and amazingly cooled, football stadiums to air - conditioned dog houses. increases in society - wide energy efficiency are almost always accompanied by rising, not falling, energy consumption. chilling encounters at work in the united states, any suggestion that we reduce our dependence on air - conditioning meets especially strong resistance from the


conditioned dog houses. increases in society - wide energy efficiency are almost always accompanied by rising, not falling, energy consumption. chilling encounters at work in the united states, any suggestion that we reduce our dependence on air - conditioning meets especially strong resistance from the business world. the foremost reason is that almost every one of the country ' s office buildings is designed to be largely uninhabitable in summer without artificial cooling. you can have a tightly sealed building with optimum energy efficiency for air - conditioning, or you can have a highly efficient naturally cooled building, but they can ' t be the same building. although the green - construction industry has come up with compromise designs that can shift between natural and artificial cooling, they are optimum for neither. writing in 2010, just as an intense heat wave was suffocating the us east coast, i attempted to envision a future washington, dc, that would be no longer dependent on air - conditioning. i did not expect this to sit well with the business community, and it didn ' t. in one of numerous hostile responses, conn carroll of the right - wing heritage foundation wrote : " doesn ’ t the ac - free enviro - dream world sound wonderful? daily summertime siestas, shorter business hours, even some days completely off! " but, he warned, " as with all enviro - leftist schemes, the heavy costs of their low energy utopian dream are being ignored. slower workdays mean less productivity. shorter hours and closed offices mean lost profits for employers. " carroll need not have worried quite so much. the scientific literature is brimming with studies showing that increased ventilation with outdoor air, faster air movement, greater control over conditions in employees ' personal workspace, and more contact with the natural environment all improve productivity at both work and school. nevertheless, there is a widespread belief among employers that their employees are like computer chips, operating most efficiently when kept as cool as possible. research does indeed show that people work most productively when they ' re not feeling excessively hot, but it also shows that the typical office ' s too - cool conditions are a drag on productivity. the standards that are followed in the cooling of most buildings do not account for the fact that the temperatures that we humans find comfortable don ' t lie within a fixed range. rather, our comfort range shifts up and down, and expands and contracts, depending on the indoor and outdoor temperatures we ' ve experienced in recent days and weeks. this phenomenon, called the " adaptive model


comfortable don ' t lie within a fixed range. rather, our comfort range shifts up and down, and expands and contracts, depending on the indoor and outdoor temperatures we ' ve experienced in recent days and weeks. this phenomenon, called the " adaptive model of comfort ", explains why people who typically live and work in air - conditioned spaces have different comfort expectations from those who do not. such adaptation was seen, for example, when a group of office employees in thailand - half of whom worked in air - conditioned spaces and the rest of whom worked without air - conditioning - were surveyed about their comfort under a variety of temperatures under experimental conditions. eighty percent of non - air - conditioned workers remained comfortable at temperatures as high as 32 degrees celsius, if ventilation was adequate. only 20 per cent of typically air - conditioned workers were comfortable at temperatures that high. the not - so - great indoors those countries around the world that still have a low degree of dependence on air - conditioning should think twice before moving toward the united states ' industrial comfort standards. energy consumption is not the only burning issue. the cool, still, dry atmosphere of the standard us home or office has a variety of other unpleasant and sometimes hazardous side effects. obviously, air - conditioning can play an important role during killer heat waves like those that struck chicago and other parts of the united states in 1995 and much of europe in 2003. but keeping vulnerable members of our communities alive during heat emergencies is one thing ; using that as an excuse for neglecting horrible urban living conditions while at the same time tolerating the routine, lavish deployment of chilled air throughout much of the rest of society is another. air - conditioning creates a need for more air - conditioning. human - physiology studies show that life in the world of " coolth " undermines our natural adaptation to heat and can disrupt endocrine functions. as we primates evolved in hot climates, nature equipped us with heat - adaptation mechanisms. experiencing high temperatures, especially when we are also exerting ourselves, builds up tolerance to heat, and we are able to function and work for longer periods under higher temperatures. without such heat adaptation, our bodies are far more susceptible to heat. meanwhile, extremely tight, well - insulated buildings often suffer from so - called sick building syndrome. it is estimated that a productivity loss of as much five to 13 per cent is " built into " well - buttoned - up, energy - efficient buildings, even when they adhere to international environmental standards. no single factor, such as buildup of


it is estimated that a productivity loss of as much five to 13 per cent is " built into " well - buttoned - up, energy - efficient buildings, even when they adhere to international environmental standards. no single factor, such as buildup of a specific pollutant, accounts for the wide range of problems associated with the air - conditioned environment. the causes are many and varied. depending on the extent of outside ventilation, toxins and irritants can be ten to 100 times as concentrated in indoor air as they are outdoors. researchers in brazil, the united states, and europe have found that people who are employed in air - conditioned workplaces visit doctors and hospitals more frequently and generally have a higher risk of poor health than do those who work without air - conditioning. an air - quality expert commenting on such studies has written : " occupants of office buildings with air - conditioning systems... consistently report, on average, more symptoms in their buildings than do occupants of buildings with natural ventilation. this has been the finding from many studies over the last 20 years... the symptoms in these studies have included mucous membrane irritation, breathing difficulties, irritated skin, and constitutional / neurological symptoms such as headache and fatigue. " " if we are ever to gain some control over fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse emissions, a massive worldwide adjustment of thermostats will be required. " meanwhile, ventilation is known to be inadequate in a large share of us schools, which have been a major growth area for air - conditioning in recent years. volatile organic compounds, moulds, and allergens trapped in classrooms have been fingered as prime suspects in causing respiratory problems for students. a range of studies worldwide have linked poor ventilation and poor school performance. the range of research findings that favour increased flows of outdoor air is remarkable. under natural ventilation, people have been found to experience fewer problems with headaches, colds, other respiratory ailments, circulation problems, eye dryness, allergies, and chest tightness. there is lower absenteeism when employees work near windows and can open them. when faced with the spring and summer onslaught of pollen, dust, and other allergens, millions of allergy and asthma sufferers take refuge in the climate - controlled indoors. yet the air - conditioning era has seen rates of allergies skyrocket in western societies, and the prevalence of asthma has doubled with each decade that passes. the still - evolving " hygiene hypothesis " says that the immune systems of allergy and asthma victims have


- conditioning era has seen rates of allergies skyrocket in western societies, and the prevalence of asthma has doubled with each decade that passes. the still - evolving " hygiene hypothesis " says that the immune systems of allergy and asthma victims have been disoriented in part by insufficient childhood exposure to bacteria, fungi, nematodes, and / or other organisms. it appears, thanks largely to air - conditioning and electronic entertainment, that youngsters are not getting enough exposure to the more benign microscopic inhabitants of the outdoor environment, especially the rural environment. if we are ever to gain some control over fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse emissions, a massive worldwide adjustment of thermostats will be required. but most importantly, we ' ll need to adjust our own internal thermostats. by taking a more flexible attitude toward comfort and finding alternative ways to make the indoor environment livable, we can not only save energy but also become more resilient human beings. and we will need that resilience. the coming decades will test our ability to adapt and create, and we cannot leave it to technology to bail us out next time. stan cox is a senior scientist at the land institute in salina, kansas, us and author of losing our cool : uncomfortable truths about our air - conditioned world. the views expressed in this article are the author ' s own and do not necessarily reflect al jazeera ' s editorial policy.


seven - year old ammaria johnson from chesterfield county, virginia returned to school after the holidays excited to see her friends and teachers. sadly, that first school day of the new year turned tragically fatal as ammaria, who had a peanut allergy, somehow became exposed to peanut protein and succumbed to an anaphylactic reaction. details thus far are scant. we don ’ t know how she was exposed to peanut. her mother says that she had an action plan that allowed her to get benadryl, but that it was not given. she also states that she tried to give an aid an epipen for her at the beginning of the school year but was told to keep it at home. whatever happened, ammaria was in cardiac arrest by the time emergency personnel arrived at school, and was pronounced dead shortly later at a richmond hospital. this sad story provides us several reminders about food allergies. first, they can be life - threatening – particularly peanut allergies. fully 80 % of all deaths due to anaphylaxis from foods are from peanuts. second, they are preventable. complete avoidance is the only assurance that an allergic reaction won ’ t occur. third, anyone with a food allergy or caring for someone with a food allergy should be prepared with the proper medications to treat an allergic reaction. this means epinephrine – and in some cases two doses. too many people rely on benadryl to treat an anaphylactic reaction. epinephrine is the recommended first - line of treatment. it can never be given too early, but it can be given too late. this food allergy - related death should never have happened. if your child has a food allergy, take the following steps to avoid a tragic occurrence such as the one that happened to this young child : · learn to read labels. the food and drug administration ( fda ) requires labels to indicate whether a food product contains peanut protein, or is manufactured in a facility where peanut protein may be present. · educate your child about his or her food allergy and the importance of avoiding the particular food – particularly not to eat anything that hasn ’ t been prepared or approved by you, their parent. · be aware of potential bullying of children with food allergies. this has become a problem in recent years. tell your child to let you know if they get teased or threatened about his or her food allergies. discuss this potential problem with school personnel so they can be aware of


botanical name : syringa plant type : shrub usda hardiness zones : 3 soil type : any soil ph : neutral to slightly alkaline who doesn ' t love lilacs? the ideal lilac shrub has about 10 canes and produces flowers at eye - level — all the better to enjoy that sweet, haunting fragrance. lilacs do come in seven colors but most are familiar with the common lilac, syringa vulgaris, which blooms in the northern states for 2 weeks in late may. however, there are early -, mid -, and late - season lilacs, which, when grown together, ensure a steady bloom for at least 6 weeks. lilacs are hardy, easy to grow, and low maintenance. they can grow from 5 to 15 feet tall, depending on the variety. the fragrant flowers are good for cutting and attractive to butterflies. click slideshow below to enjoy 7 lovely lilac pictures taken by our almanac readers! - grow lilacs in fertile, humus - rich, well - drained, neutral to alkaline soil ( at a ph near 7. 0 ). if your soil is in poor condition, add compost to enrich. - select a site where your lilac will get full sun — at least 6 hours. if lilacs don ' t get enough sun, they will not bloom well. - make sure the site drains well. lilacs don ' t like wet feet and will not bloom with too much water. - plant in either spring or fall, although the latter is preferred. - if you ' re lucky, a friend will give you a sucker, or offshoot, of the root system of one of his plants. your sucker will look pathetic at first but just dig a hole, backfill it with soil, and stick the sucker in. then water and wait. in 4 or 5 years, you ' ll be rewarded with huge, fragrant blossoms. - transplanting lilacs from a nursery is also easy. if it ' s container - grown, spread out the roots as you settle the plant into the ground ; if it ' s balled or burlapped, gentle remove it and any rope before filling in the hole. water and wait. - space multiple lilac shrubs 5 to 15 feet apart, depending on the variety. - each spring, apply a layer of compost under the plant, followed by mulch to retain moisture and control weeds. - water during the summer if rainfall is less than 1 inch per week. -


15 feet apart, depending on the variety. - each spring, apply a layer of compost under the plant, followed by mulch to retain moisture and control weeds. - water during the summer if rainfall is less than 1 inch per week. - lilacs won ' t bloom if they ' re overfertilized. they can handle a handful of 10 - 10 - 10 in late winter, but no more. - after your lilac bush has finished blooming, spread some lime and well - rotted manure around the base. trim the bush to shape it, and remove suckers at the same time. - lilacs bloom on old wood, so it ' s critical to prune in the spring right after they bloom. if you prune later in the summer, you may be removing the wood. here ' s a tip : if your lilac flower clusters are getting smaller, time to prune! - every year after bloom, remove any dead wood. prune out the oldest canes ( down to the ground ). remove the small suckers. cut back weak branches to a strong shoot. cut back tall canes to eye height. - if your lilac is old and in really bad shape, remove one - third of the oldest canes ( down to the ground ) in year one, half of the remaining old wood in year two, and the rest of the old wood in year three. then, following a normal pruning program ( as mentioned in above point ). - another option for an old lilac is to chop the whole thing back to about 6 or 8 inches high. it sounds drastic, but lilacs are very hardy. the downside to this option is that it takes a few years to grow back. the upside is less work and more reward, as the lilac will grow back bursting with blooms. - prone to attack by slugs and snails. - powder white mildew may appear after a summer of hot, humid weather. it may be unsightly, but it does no harm. ignore it. the most common and fragrant lilacs are of the s. vulgaris variety : - for early bloom, try ' charles joly ', a double magneta. - mid - season lilacs include ' monge ', a dark reddish purple, and ' firmament ', a fine blue. - late - season beauties include ' miss canada ', a reddishpink, and ' donald wyman ', a single purple. although common lilacs love


american college of physicians - care of patients near the end of life end - of - life care is an important aspect of medical practice. individual physicians and the medical community must be committed to the compassionate and competent provision of care to dying patients and their families ( 31 ). patients rightfully expect their physicians to care for them and provide them medical assistance as they are dying. good symptom control ; ongoing involvement with the patient ; and physical, psychological, and spiritual support are the hallmarks of quality end - of - life care. care of patients near the end of life, however, has a moral, psychological, and interpersonal intensity that distinguishes it from most other clinical encounters. patients near the end of life to care properly for patients near the end of life, the physician must understand that palliative care entails addressing physical, psychosocial, and spiritual needs and that patients may at times require palliative treatment in an acute care context ( 32 - 34 ). to provide palliative care, the physician must be up to date on the proper use of opioids and the legality and propriety of using high doses of opioids as necessary to relieve suffering. the physician should know how to refer patients to appropriate palliative care, know how to use home - based and institution - based hospice care, and be aware of the palliative care abilities of the nursing homes to which patients are referred. making decisions near the end of life informed adults with decision - making capacity almost always have the legal and ethical right to refuse any recommended life - sustaining medical treatment ( 35 ). the patient has this right regardless of whether he or she is terminally or irreversibly ill, has dependents, or is pregnant. the patient ' s right is based on the philosophical concept of respect for autonomy, the common - law right of self - determination, and the patient ' s liberty interest under the u. s. constitution ( 36 ). many patients, particularly those with terminal or irreversible illness, elect to forgo certain treatments or pursue treatments that their physicians may consider unwise. these situations demand empathy, thoughtful exploration of all possibilities, negotiation, or compromise and may require time - limited trials and additional consultations. in the unusual circumstance that no evidence shows that a specific treatment desired by the patient will provide any benefit from any perspective, the physician need not provide such treatment. the more common and much more difficult circumstance occurs when the treatment will offer some small prospect of benefit at a great burden of suffering


shows that a specific treatment desired by the patient will provide any benefit from any perspective, the physician need not provide such treatment. the more common and much more difficult circumstance occurs when the treatment will offer some small prospect of benefit at a great burden of suffering or financial cost, but the patient or family nevertheless desires it. if the physician and patient cannot agree on how to proceed, there is no easy, automatic solution. timely transfer of care to another care provider who is willing to pursue the patient ' s preference may resolve the problem. consultation with an ethics committee may be helpful. infrequently, resort to the courts may be necessary. patients without decision - making capacity ( see the section on informed consent ) have the same rights concerning life - sustaining treatment decisions as mentally competent patients. treatment should conform to what the patient would want on the basis of written or oral advance directives. if these instructions are not available, care decisions should be based on the best evidence of what the patient would have chosen ( substituted judgments ) or, failing that, on the best interests of the patient. physicians should be aware that hospital protocols and state legal requirements affecting end - of - life care vary. planning advance care planning allows a competent person to indicate preferences for care or choose a surrogate in the event that the patient cannot make health care decisions. it allows the patient ' s values and circumstances to shape the plan and allows specific arrangements to be made to ensure implementation of the plan. physicians should routinely raise the issue of advance planning with competent adult patients during outpatient visits and encourage them to discuss their values and preferences with their surrogates and family members. these discussions let the physician know the patient ' s views, enable the physician to update the medical record, and allow the physician to reassure patients that he or she is willing to discuss these sensitive issues and will respect their choices. the patient and the physician should negotiate plans to make sure patient wishes are implemented. discussions about patient preferences should be documented in the medical record. the patient self - determination act of 1990 requires hospitals, nursing homes, health maintenance organizations, and hospices that participate in medicare and medicaid programs to ask if the patient has an advance directive, to provide information about advance directives, and to incorporate advance directives into the medical record. advance planning takes place in conversations with the physician ( with documentation in the medical record ) or through written advance directives, such as a living will or durable power of attorney for health care ( 37 ). the latter enables a patient to appoint a sur


advance planning takes place in conversations with the physician ( with documentation in the medical record ) or through written advance directives, such as a living will or durable power of attorney for health care ( 37 ). the latter enables a patient to appoint a surrogate who will make decisions if the patient becomes unable to do so. the surrogate is required to act in accordance with the patient ' s previously expressed preferences or best interests. living wills enable persons to describe the kind of treatment they would like to receive in the event that they lose decision - making capacity. uncertainty about a future clinical course complicates the interpretation of living wills and emphasizes the need for physicians and patients to discuss patient preferences before a crisis arises. talking about future medical care is an effective method of planning. some state laws limit the application of advance directives to terminal illness or deem the advance directives not applicable if, for example, the patient is pregnant. many states have documents that combine the living will and the durable power of attorney for health care into one document. some specify requirements for witnessing the document. the primary care physician and other key heath care personnel should have a written advance directive in the patient ' s medical record. when there is no advance directive and the patient ' s values and preferences are unknown or unclear, decisions should be based on the patient ' s best interests whenever possible, as interpreted by a guardian or by a person with loving knowledge of the patient. when making the decision to forgo treatment, many people give the most weight to reversibility of disease or dependence on life support, loss of capacity for social interaction, or nearness to death. family members and health care workers should avoid projecting their own values or views about quality of life onto the incapacitated patient. quality of life should be assessed according to the patient ' s perspective. problems of life - sustaining treatments withdrawing or withholding treatment withdrawing and withholding treatment are equally justifiable, ethically and legally. treatments should not be withheld because of the mistaken fear that if they are started, they cannot be withdrawn. this practice would deny patients potentially beneficial therapies. instead, a time - limited trial of therapy could be used to clarify the patient ' s prognosis. at the end of the trial, a conference to review and revise the treatment plan should be held. some health care workers or family members may be reluctant to withdraw treatments even when they believe that the patient would not have wanted them continued. the physician should prevent or resolve these situations by addressing with families feelings


and revise the treatment plan should be held. some health care workers or family members may be reluctant to withdraw treatments even when they believe that the patient would not have wanted them continued. the physician should prevent or resolve these situations by addressing with families feelings of guilt, fears, and concerns that patients may suffer as life support is withdrawn. intervention in the case of a cardiopulmonary arrest is inappropriate for some patients, particularly those with terminal irreversible illness whose death is expected and imminent. because the onset of cardiopulmonary arrest does not permit deliberative decision making, decisions about resuscitation must be made in advance. physicians should especially encourage patients who face serious illness or who are in advanced old age, or their surrogates, to discuss resuscitation. although a do - not - resuscitate order applies only to cardiopulmonary resuscitation, discussions about this issue often reflect a revision of the larger goals and means of the care plan. the entire health care team must be carefully apprised of the nature of these changes. do - not - resuscitate orders or requests for no cardiopulmonary resuscitation should specify care strategies and must be written in the medical record along with notes and orders that describe all other changes in the treatment goals or plans. it is essential that patients or surrogates understand that a do - not - resuscitate order does not mean that the patient will be ineligible for other life - prolonging measures, both therapeutic and palliative. however, the appropriateness of a do - not - resuscitate order during and immediately after any procedure needs to be individually negotiated. it is unethical for physicians or nurses to perform half - hearted resuscitation efforts ( " slow codes " ). sometimes a patient or surrogate insists on a resuscitation effort, even when they are informed that it will almost certainly fail. a family ' s religious or other beliefs or need for closure under such circumstances deserve careful attention. although the physician need not provide an effort at resuscitation that cannot conceivably restore circulation and breathing, the physician should help the family to understand and accept this position. it is more controversial whether physicians may unilaterally write a do - not - resuscitate order when the patient may survive for a very brief time in the hospital. some institutions, with forewarning to patients and families, allow physicians to


is more controversial whether physicians may unilaterally write a do - not - resuscitate order when the patient may survive for a very brief time in the hospital. some institutions, with forewarning to patients and families, allow physicians to write orders against resuscitation over the patient ' s or family ' s objections. empathy and thoughtful exploration of options for care with patients or surrogate decision makers should make such impasses rare. full discussion about the issue should include the indications for and outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the physical impact on the patient, implications for caregivers, the do - not - resuscitate order, the legal aspects of such orders, and the physician ' s role as patient advocate. physicians who write a unilateral do - not - resuscitate order must inform the patient or surrogate. determination of death the irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain is an accepted legal standard for determining death when the use of life support precludes the use of traditional cardiopulmonary criteria. after a patient has been declared dead by brain - death criteria, medical support should ordinarily be discontinued. in some circumstances, such as the need to preserve organs for transplantation, to counsel or accommodate family preferences, or to sustain a viable fetus, physicians may temporarily support bodily functions after death has been determined. there is an increasingly unmet need for organs and tissues. physicians should be involved in community efforts to make potential donors aware of their option to make a gift that would enhance life, health, or sight by organ or tissue donation. physicians should obtain consent from the patient for the disposal and use of tissue, organs, or other body parts removed during diagnostic or operative procedures. all potential donors should communicate their preference to their families and have it listed on such documents as driver ' s licenses or organ donor cards. physicians caring for dying or brain - dead patients who are potential donors should inquire about whether the patient had expressed preferences about donation ( 38 ). federal and state law and health care accreditation bodies require that hospitals have procedures to ensure that families of hospitalized potential donors are made aware of the option to consent to organ donation. the issue of organ donation often arises in very difficult circumstances and may carry significant symbolic import for the family. physicians should approach families with sensitivity and compassion. furthermore, organ procurement raises ethical concerns about the determination of death that have been partly addressed by legislation that defines brain death. it


often arises in very difficult circumstances and may carry significant symbolic import for the family. physicians should approach families with sensitivity and compassion. furthermore, organ procurement raises ethical concerns about the determination of death that have been partly addressed by legislation that defines brain death. it can also create conflict or the appearance of conflict between the care of a potential donor and the needs of a potential recipient. the care of the potential donor must be kept separate from the care of a recipient. the potential donor ' s physician should not be responsible for the care of the recipient nor be involved in retrieving the organs or tissue. however, the potential donor ' s physician may alert an organ - tissue procurement team of the existence of a potential donor. once brain death has occurred and organ donation is authorized, the donor ' s physician should know how to maintain the viability of organs and tissues in coordination with the procurement team. before declaration of brain death, treatments proposed to maintain the function of transplantable organs may be used only if they are not expected to harm the potential donor, whether by causing symptoms or by compromising the chance of survival. irreversible loss of consciousness persons who are in a persistent vegetative state are unconscious ( 39, 40 ) but are not brain dead. because their condition is not progressive, patients in a persistent vegetative state are not terminally ill. they lack awareness of their surroundings and the ability to respond purposefully to them. the prognosis for these patients varies with cause. some physicians and medical societies believe that there are no medical indications for life - prolonging treatment or access to intensive care or respirators when patients are confirmed to be in a persistent vegetative state ( 41 ). they conclude that these patients cannot experience any benefits or suffer any discomfort and that all interventions should therefore be withdrawn. however, many patients or families value life in and of itself regardless of neurologic state. for these reasons, goals of care should guide decisions about life - prolonging treatment for patients in a persistent vegetative state in the same manner as for other patients without decision - making capacity. intravenous fluids and artificial feedings artificial administration of nutrition and fluids is a life - prolonging treatment. as such, it is subject to the same principles for decisions as other treatments. some states require high levels of proof before previous statements or advance directives can be accepted as firm evidence that a patient would not want these treatments in the setting of terminal illness, permanent unconsciousness, or advanced dementia. for this reason


as other treatments. some states require high levels of proof before previous statements or advance directives can be accepted as firm evidence that a patient would not want these treatments in the setting of terminal illness, permanent unconsciousness, or advanced dementia. for this reason, physicians should counsel patients to establish advance care directives and complete these parts of living wills especially carefully. clinically, there is unfounded concern that discontinuing use of feeding tubes will cause suffering from hunger or thirst despite research findings to the contrary. physicians should carefully address this issue with family and caregivers. physician - assisted suicide and euthanasia the debate over physician - assisted suicide is very important to physicians and patients. both groups favor easing the dying process, providing adequate pain control, and avoiding unwanted overtreatment and protracted suffering. patients and physicians may find it difficult at times to distinguish between the need for assistance in the dying process and the practice of assisting suicide. physician - assisted suicide occurs when a physician provides a medical means for death, usually a prescription for a lethal amount of medication that the patient takes on his or her own. in euthanasia, the physician directly and intentionally administers a substance to cause death. physicians and patients should distinguish a decision by patients or their authorized surrogate to refuse life - sustaining treatment or an inadvertent death that occurs during an attempt to relieve suffering from physician - assisted suicide and euthanasia. laws concerning or moral objections to physician - assisted suicide and euthanasia should not deter physicians from honoring a decision to withhold or withdraw medical interventions in appropriate situations. fears that unwanted life - sustaining treatment will be imposed continue to motivate some patients to request assisted suicide or euthanasia. in the clinical setting, all of these acts must be framed within the larger context of good end - of - life care. many patients who request assisted suicide are depressed, have uncontrolled pain, or have potentially reversible suffering or fears ( 42 ). in the setting of providing comfort to a dying person, most physicians and patients should be able to address these issues. for example, with regard to pain control, the physician may appropriately increase medication to relieve pain, even if this action inadvertently shortens life ( the " double effect " ). physician - assisted suicide may be legalized in some states, although no consensus currently exists among patients or physicians ( 43 ) or within the college. many fear that physicians are inadequately trained to arrive at such a conclusion with patients. concerns focus in particular on vulnerable populations -


annual report 2013 the state of the world ' s human rights 16 june 2010 amnesty international has urged other countries to follow ecuador ' s example and ratify a new un mechanism that will provide access to justice for everyone whose economic, social and cultural rights are violated and who is denied an effective remedy in their own countries. ecuador is the first country in the world to ratify the optional protocol to the international covenant on economic, social and cultural rights which allows individuals and groups within the country to seek justice from the united nations should these rights – which include the rights to adequate housing, food, water, health, work, social security and education - be violated by their government. " access to justice is an essential right for victims of all human rights violations, " said widney brown, amnesty international ' s senior director of international law and policy. " we encourage all countries to follow ecuador ' s positive example and ratify within the shortest possible time. " the optional protocol will enable people denied their human rights to have their complaints heard in front of an independent, international panel of experts. the decisions made by this new mechanism are likely to influence decisions of national and regional courts around the world. " states that ratify the optional protocol will establish a vital tool for people, in particular for those living in poverty, to hold their governments accountable, " said widney brown. " they should also follow through on this commitment by strengthening national mechanisms for the enforcement of economic, social and cultural rights. " the optional protocol was adopted by the un general assembly by consensus on december 10 2008 and was opened for ratification in september 2009. the complaint mechanism will become operational after 10 countries ratify the optional protocol. in addition to ecuador, 31 countries have signed the optional protocol, indicating their intention to ratify but ratification is necessary to make the optional protocol legally binding. to - date ecuador is the only country to have ratified the protocol. amnesty international is a member of the ngo coalition for an optional protocol to the international covenant on economic, social and cultural rights and has been campaigning for the last six years for an optional protocol. the 32 states that have signed the optional protocol include : argentina, armenia, azerbaijan, belgium, bolivia, chile, congo, ecuador, el salvador, finland, france, gabon, ghana, guatemala, guinea - bissau, italy, luxembourg, madagascar, mali, mongolia, montenegro, netherlands, paraguay, portugal, senegal, slovakia, slovenia, solomon islands, spain, timor - leste, togo, ukraine and uruguay. economic, social and


log in to anagrammer scrabble word : quotient in which scrabble dictionary does quotient exist? definitions of quotient in dictionaries : - noun - the ratio of two quantities to be divided - noun - the number obtained by division - the number obtained by dividing one quantity by another. - n - the number resulting from the division of one number by another there are 8 letters in quotient : e i n o q t t u scrabble words that can be created with an extra letter added to quotient all anagrams that could be made from letters of word quotient plus a wildcard : quotient? scrabble words that can be created with letters from word quotient 8 letter words 7 letter words 6 letter words 5 letter words 4 letter words 3 letter words 2 letter words images for quotient - quotient is the answer to a division algorithm - here when 35 7 the quotient would be 5 while 35 would be called... - the quotient rule - the derivative of a quotient - when you divide a number the answer you get is the quotient. - quotient rule - quotient rule example 2 step 2 - quotient of powers -... with parts of division dividend divisor quotient remainder


african americans depicted in art in the united states capitol and legislative buildings are listed below : bronze by daub and firmin studios, llc, 2013 dr. martin luther king, jr. bronze by by john wilson, 1985. bronze by by artis lane, 2009. blanche kelso bruce, senator from mississippi shirley chisholm, representative from new york oil on canvas by kadir nelson, 2008. william l. dawson, chair of government operations, 1969 – 1974 oil on canvas by robert bruce williams, 1968. ron dellums, chair of armed services committee 1993 – 1994 oil on canvas by andre white, 1997. william h. gray iii, chair of budget committee 1985 - 1988 oil on canvas by simmie knox, 1996. augustus hawkins, chair of education & labor committee 1984 – 1991 oil on canvas by joseph maniscalco, 1990. parren mitchell, chair of the house small business committee 1981 – 1986 photograph on canvas by joseph d. clipper, jr., no date. battle of lake erie, 1813, by william h. powell, senate collection general marion inviting a british officer to share his meal, by john blake white, senate collection ronald e. mcnair the challenger crew, oil on canvas by charles schmidt, 1987. the boston massacre, 1770, lunette in fresco by constantino brumidi, 1871. henry garnet and several unidentified men civil rights bill passes, 1866, oil on canvas by allyn cox, 1974. unidentified man voting " emancipation proclamation " vignette next to lincoln ’ s second inaugural, 1865, oil on canvas by allyn cox, 1982. joseph h. rainey " the first black congressman " vignette next to women ’ s suffrage parade, 1917, oil on canvas by allyn cox, 1982. slave labor commemorative marker, 2012 commemorating the important role played by laborers, including enslaved african americans, in building the united states capitol. officer jacob chestnut chestnut - gibson plaque, memorial to officer jacob chestnut and detective john gibson who gave their lives defending the united states capitol on july 24, 1998.


the deodar cedar grows in acidic, loamy, moist, sandy, well drained, clay soils. the deodar cedar tree makes an excellent specimen tree for landscapes because of its pleasing shape and attractive silver - green coloring. the tree also makes a fast growing and soft wind screen and has been successfully used as a street tree with the lower branches pruned for pedestrian traffic. an excellent evergreen with graceful pendulous branches. pyramidal form when young, wide - spreading and flat - topped in old age, often reaching 70 ' in height. ( zones 7 - 9 ) the deodar cedar provides nesting sites, cover and food for mammals and birds such as the woodpecker. the deodar cedar tree can become an immense tree in its native himalayan habitat. there, at approximately 4000 feet, it has been known to reach 250 feet in height. commonly, it is smaller and has been called " the most graceful cedar " by michael dirr, noted tree expert and author. it is no wonder that its name, deodar, derives from sanskrit that translates to " timber of the gods. " this beautiful tree, with its interesting branching pattern and drooping tips, attracted the eye of plant fanciers early in history. it was introduced to europe in 1822 and to the united states nine years later. normal moisture requirements ; good drought tolerance. the leaves are needle - like with sharp tips. blue - green or sometimes silvery, 1 to 2 inches long and usually borne in clusters. needles are shed in late spring as new growth appears. the fruit is oval ; 3 to 6 inches long ; dry and hard.


improving soils and their management for more efficient water use in environmentally sustainable agriculture location : coastal plain soil, water and plant conservation research title : selection and use of designer biochars to improve characteristics of southeastern usa coastal plain degraded soils submitted to : book chapter publication type : book / chapter publication acceptance date : january 13, 2011 publication date : september 12, 2012 citation : novak, j. m., busscher, w. j. 2012. selection and use of designer biochars to improve characteristics of southeastern usa coastal plain degraded soils. in : lee, j. w., editor. advanced biofuels and bioproducts. new york : ny : springer. p. 69 - 96. interpretive summary : sandy soils of the southeastern usa coastal plains have a long history of agricultural production. they were initially cultivated by paleo - americans and then by early european settlers who, in time, intensively farmed the soils which eventually led to soil degradation. because soils are sandy, degraded, and highly weathered, they require intensive management to be productive. they have low fertility, poor water storage, and poorly - aggregated, hard subsurface layers that limit root growth. the result of all this is that, even though rainfall is not poor, more often than not, crops experience yield - reducing drought. to remedy the poor growing conditions, soils are annually deep tilled to shatter the hard layer and promote root growth ; but soil loosening is temporary and soils re - compact. soils can be improved more permanently by amending them with organic matter, the most likely of which would be crop residues. however, residues do not last long in the hot wet environment. an amendment that is more resistant to change is biochar. it has lasted for hundreds of years in tropical areas and has the potential to improve soil fertility and water holding capacities. however, not just any biochar can positively amend the soil ; some have properties that can be detrimental. biochar properties depend on how they were developed, such as the original material that was charred and the temperature of the charring process. biochars can be designed that have properties complimentary to soil problems. this chapter discusses coastal soil problems and how we can produce biochars for them that will sequester carbon, enhance fertility, and increase water holding capacities for improved crop growth and productivity. sandy soils in the southeastern coastal plain region have a long history of agricultural production ; the soils were initially cultivated by paleo - americans and more recently by european settlers with row


, enhance fertility, and increase water holding capacities for improved crop growth and productivity. sandy soils in the southeastern coastal plain region have a long history of agricultural production ; the soils were initially cultivated by paleo - americans and more recently by european settlers with row crops ( corn, cotton, wheat, etc. ). because these soils are sandy, they have poor tilth. soils were derived from marine sediments deposited approximately 0. 5 to 5 million years ago and are extensively weathered as a result of their age, climate, sandy textures, and poor ability to retain nutrients. moreover, these soils have poor water storage and limited root penetration due to a poorly - aggregated, subsurface hard layer that limits root growth and leads to crop moisture stress. annual deep tillage is used to shatter the hard layer after which natural and traffic - induced re - cementation occurs. when organic carbon in crop residues is returned to soil, it can improve fertility and physical characteristics ; however, the warm and wet climate of the coastal plain promotes its rapid oxidation and loss. amendments of biochar should help overcome these soil tilth challenges. when organic by - products are pyrolyzed to produce bio - oil, biochar is a by - product. biochar may be a more appropriate soil amendment than crop residues because it is more recalcitrant and stimulates biotic and abiotic soil reactions. research indicates that one biochar - type will not serve as a universal supplement to all soils ; therefore, it may be prudent to design a biochar with physico - chemical properties that can ameliorate specific problems. there are only a few reports on designing biochars to ameliorate specific soil issues ; moreover, guidelines for their selection and use are unavailable. the objectives of this study are to describe the need for remediation of physical and chemical characteristics of sandy coastal plain soils and to develop guidelines for the selection and use of designer biochars that can improve soil deficiencies and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.


in the 1920s, examining photographic plates from the mt. wilson observatory ' s 100 inch telescope, edwin hubble determined the distance to the decisively demonstrating the existence of other galaxies far beyond the milky way. his notations are evident on the historic plate image inset at the lower right, shown in context with ground based and hubble space telescope images of the region made nearly 90 years later. by intercomparing different plates, hubble searched for novae, stars which underwent a sudden increase in brightness. he found several on this plate and marked them with an " n ". later, discovering that the one near the upper right corner ( marked by lines ) was actually a type of variable star known as he crossed out the " n " and wrote " var! ". thanks to the work of harvard astronomer henrietta leavitt, cepheids, regularly varying pulsating stars, could be used as standard candle identifying such a star allowed hubble to show that andromeda was not a small cluster of stars and gas within our own galaxy, but a large galaxy in its own right at a substantial distance from the milky way. discovery is responsible for establishing our modern concept of a universe filled with galaxies. r. gendler, z. levay and the hubble heritage team


( editor ' s note : please consult your health care practitioner to ensure that the information given in medical alchemy is appropriate in your individual case. ) summer heat and dryness bring us to the alchemy of fire ; in this case, the sun entered the fire sign of leo on july 23. leo is ruled by the sun and it is definitely one of the hottest times in the northern hemisphere. this is a time when many native people do sacred rituals such as sun dances and long dances to celebrate the sun and purify through the intense heat and sweat. it is also a time for people to gather at sacred sites for their own purification rituals. many individuals, however, are not able to tolerate the sun ' s rays, especially here in the southwest, where the presence of the sun is so strongly felt. some suffer from excessive sweating, and itchy skin, hives, feeling light - headed and dizzy. for those whose system is in balance, the heat should not be a problem. how can we handle this intense heat and allow it to kindle our own creative fires? we need to cleanse the liver, our largest organ, which is ruled by the planet jupiter and the sign sagittarius. to cool down our liver heat, we turn to the green herbs and vegetables that abound in our gardens and markets. liquid chlorophyll, the green matter found in these vegetables and herbs, helps to cleanse the liver as well as being the source of magnesium for the nervous system. bitter green leafy vegetables such as collards, mustard, turnip, and dandelion greens or arugula or kale are important in de - toxifying the liver. the bitter taste cools down the liver whereas hot and spicy foods ( wait until winter ) heat it up further. herbs that clear the liver are golden seal leaf ( not the powder ) whose bitter taste is excellent for the liver and has helped many women who have " hot flashes " ( liver heat ). adding horsetail grass or spearmint can help cut the bitter taste and still make the herb effective. ( adding honey or sweeteners is counter productive ). other herbs include oregon grape root and wild yam, which are also strong de - toxifyers for the liver. this is also a good time to strengthen the heart and circulatory system, ruled by leo and the sun. borage is a simple herb, easy to grow in the garden, which is also high in magnesium, nouri


the liver. this is also a good time to strengthen the heart and circulatory system, ruled by leo and the sun. borage is a simple herb, easy to grow in the garden, which is also high in magnesium, nourishing the electrical conductivity system of the heart. with both uranus and jupiter in aquarius this year, there is an overload on the nervous system for which magnesium, manganese, and b - complex vitamins are helpful. positive qualities of leo are courage, strength, and self - esteem. when the leo energy is manifesting negatively, one can be overly egoistic and lack humility. flower remedies can help balance these qualities. the bach remedy vine helps to bring out the true leadership of leo, the wise compassionate ruler or teacher. fes remedies ( from the flower essence society in nevada city, ca ) include sunflower, which helps with self - esteem as well as the balance of ego and spirituality ; dandelion, ( " tooth of the lion " ) which helps with tension in the physical body, emotional constriction, and inflexibility ; and borage, which brings out humor and light - heartedness as well as a muted kind of courage. aromas that are cooling might be helpful at this time. some of these include myrrh, which has a slightly cooling effect on the skin. the ancient egyptians actually burned it at noon as part of their sun worshipping ritual. myrrh oil strengthens the pulmonary system and is good for colds and coughs. sage oil works with the digestive system and the liver. it is also good for nervous conditions such as tremors and dizzyness. alchemically, a good time to take remedies are the hours ruled by the sun. on sunday from 3 : 26 am - 6 : 52 am ; monday from 5 : 10 pm - 8 : 36 pm ; tuesday from 6 : 52 am - 10 : 18 am ; wednesday from 8 : 36 pm - 12 am ; thursday from 10 : 18 am - 1 : 44 pm ; friday from 12 : 00 am - 3 : 26am, and saturday from 1 : 44 pm - 5 : 10 pm. here is a letter from one of our readers : my energy is usually good but i do have digestive problems at times with gas, and some times a burning or flushing of my face, especially in the summer. what suggestions do you have based on my chart for aug. 6, 1953, grand junction