course of a recommended act generally clears the parasites from the body. guidelines of national institute of malarial research ( nimr ) too recommends combination therapy for p. falciparum. arterolane maleate, a rapidly acting drug in combination with long - acting piperaquine phosphate, is an anti - malarial product in line with who - recommended combination therapy for the treatment of uncomplicated p. falciparum malaria. though insecticide and spraying materials and insecticide - treated nets are other possible solutions to control malaria, but they have not been very successful in india so far. dr p l joshi, faculty, national institute for health and family welfare ( nihfw ), new delhi, points out that apart from having the support of external agencies, developing nations must have their own redressal mechanism in place. appreciating the fundings from world bank and technical guidance from who, he says unless a proper preventive mechanism is enforced, it will be difficult to tackle the menace. " the government of india has stepped up its efforts. this is clearly visible from the change in the drug policy. there are various programs educating people about the preventive measures. in place of small projects a decade ago, there are currently projects worth $ 89 million ( rs 500 crore ) focusing on malarial research, " he adds. many awareness programs are being run by the government through media and various ngos. ranbaxy has launched an action malaria campaign that includes patient awareness and education, and assistance to physicians in diagnosis and treatment of malaria. the unavailability of options has created need for new anti - malarial drugs that can tackle these challenges. the success of phase iii trials of a gsk vaccine, which the company has been developing along with path malaria vaccine initiative, has raised the hopes of an anti - malarial vaccine. gsk has already invested $ 300 milion in the project and will invest further $ 50 million to $ 100 million in it. in india, ranbaxy has developed arterolane maleate, a rapidly acting drug in combination with long - acting piperaquine phosphate. it has also developed a new chemical entity, arterolane, in combination with piperaquine, which is expected to have superior benefits over the currently available anti - malarial therapies. according to sources in ranbaxy, the drug has received approval from the indian health authorities and the product is in line with who recommendations. research done by dr virander chauh


benefits over the currently available anti - malarial therapies. according to sources in ranbaxy, the drug has received approval from the indian health authorities and the product is in line with who recommendations. research done by dr virander chauhan and dr chetan chitnis at the international centre for genetic engineering & biotechnology ( icgeb ) has led to the developement of a first generation vaccine, mjaivac1, which is based on combination of two merozoite antigens ( msp - 119 and eba - 175 ). the vaccine is presently being tested for safety and immunogenicity in a phase i clinical trial, the first for a malaria vaccine developed in india. the icgeb has also developed a portfolio of novel antigens that is currently at different stages of pre - clinical development. also, the center has developed a vaccine, pvdbpii, for plasmodium vivax and it is being produced by a biotechnology company for phase i trial. under a government - funded project, mumbai - based ipca labs, along with jamia hamdard university, new delhi, has developed a genetically modified variety of artemisinin annua that can generate high yield of artemisinin. once approved, the variety will be put to confined - field trials for evaluation and then patented and commercialized for cultivation by farmers. the group expects that this variety will fetch more than one percent artemisinin in field trials.


the following email appeared on one of the ornithology list servers some years ago. it is not clear how much of it was written by byron butler and how much by burton guttman, but, acknowledging that both had some hand in composing this, i present it as an interesting discourse on the development of ornithology in north america in the 20th century. date : sat, 26 aug 1995 23 : 50 : 07 - 0400 from : " byron butler ( gd 1995 ) " subject : orn history ( was help : stresemann, 1934 ) on thu, 24 aug 1995, priyantha wijesinghe wrote : even if ( like me! ) you don ' t read german or french it is easy to see when leafing through these volumes the tremendous scholarship they represent. why is it that one rarely gets that impression when reading modern textbooks of ornithology, gill included? on fri, 25 aug 1995, burton guttman replied : our knowledge of birds ( and just about everything else, i suppose ) is growing exponentially. i think it was possible for stresemann, in the 1920s and ' 30s, to know essentially everything that ornithologists knew about birds at that time. now look at what goes into even a handbook on the birds of a limited area, like europe or africa : a multivolume series, written by many people. no one can encompass it all. no one could learn all the physiology, ethology, genetics, etc., in addition to all the morphology, taxonomy, and distribution information, and put it into a huge ( colossal! ) book. frank gill, writing a text for a one - semester ( or even one - year ) ornithology course, can only skim the surface and give people a start on searching the literature. other authors have also suggested that stresemann was that last ornithologist to have been able to encompass the whole of ornithology and to cover it in a single author work. perhaps this is true, but it is necessary to put this idea in perspective. stresemann spent 10 or more years preparing his " aves, " before it came out in parts from 1927 - 1934. at the time he worked, ornithology was a museum based discipline and stresemann worked at the berlin museum. ornithology in those days was largely descriptive being concerned mostly with biogeography, evolution, and systematics, and less so with ecology and behavior


ornithology was a museum based discipline and stresemann worked at the berlin museum. ornithology in those days was largely descriptive being concerned mostly with biogeography, evolution, and systematics, and less so with ecology and behavior ( both of which were new and growing disciplines ). anatomy and morphology being done largely for purposes of understanding evolution and phylogeny ( e. g., see the works of fuerbringer, gadow, garrod, etc. ). ornithologists were trained in field methods including observation, but not in hypothetico - deductive experimentation. in the united states, most of the ornithologists were advanced amateurs, many with degrees in medicine. throughout the 19th century there were three respectable career routes for the social elite, medicine, religion, and law. a high percentage of our leading naturalists were trained in medicine, this being where one could obtain a natural history education. even at the turn of the century there were few ornithologists with ph. d. s in the americas, there were more in europe, but still few. there were relatively few paid ornithological positions, and those were at the leading museums : us national museum ( washington, d. c. ), american musuem of natural history ( new york city ), academy of natural sciences in philadelphia, carnigie museum ( pittsburgh ), the museum of comparative zoology at harvard ( boston ), and a few others. even then, many of the positions were filled by wealthy amateur volunteers ( e. g., major charles e. bendire who curated the egg collection at the us national museum ). there were no faculty ornithologists at academic institutuions, at least in north america, until 1915 when arthur a. allen went to cornell and set up the laboratory of ornithology. allen offered the first american college course in ornithology and others soon followed. experimental ornithology is generally regarded as beginning with the canadian william rowan who studied the basis for migratory behavior in white - crowned sparrows in the late 1920s and early 1930s. then came the " evolutionary synthesis " ( aka : the modern synthesis ) generally denoted as the years 1936 - 1947. it was during this period that natural history based disciplines ( like ornithology ) merged with more traditional academic institution based disciplines like genetics, physiology, embryology, etc. and a big picture understanding of the whole of biology emerged. the result of these events


during this period that natural history based disciplines ( like ornithology ) merged with more traditional academic institution based disciplines like genetics, physiology, embryology, etc. and a big picture understanding of the whole of biology emerged. the result of these events was that ornithology as a scientific discipline was changed forever. descriptive studies in the post wwii scientific environment were now out of fashion, experimental studies were in. natural history was declared dead. the appearance of journals changed as their contents increased in the proportion of experimental studies and decreased in the proportion of descriptive studies. then in 1957 the russians launched sputnik ( sputnik = satelite in russian ) which so greatly alarmed americans that science research in america became a primary public agenda. with much popular support great amounts of money poured into scientific research during the " golden age " of american science in the mid - 1960s. thus, there was a great transition period in american ornithology from the 1920s to the 1960s, after which ornithology would never again be the same. after this period american scientific ornithology became almost exclusively an experimental science. this is when the gap between professional and amateur ornithology began to grow, a gap that has been widening ever since, is still widening today, and promises to continue to widen in the future. thus, it should be no surprise that it was also during this transition period that new field guides for amateur birders by hoffman, peterson, and others appeared and that this is also when the american birding association formed. the first paragraph of " birding " volume i, number 1, jan - feb 1969 states : " with this, the first official issue of _ birding _, a new era has begun in the lives of many birders. it is an era of systematic and organized cooperation with other birdwatchers across the country. it is an era during which birding is destined to come into its own as a well known and popular sport as well as hobby. it is inevitable that this will happen and this journal, rather than representing the cause, is only a strand in the interwoven complexity of the movement. " thus, professional ornithology went in one direction, and amateur ornithology in another. the great relationship between professional scientists and amateur naturalists split into experimenters and sport birders ( = listers ), lost in this dichotomy were the were the students of bird study, i. e., the traditional naturalists, or birdwatchers. along


and amateur naturalists split into experimenters and sport birders ( = listers ), lost in this dichotomy were the were the students of bird study, i. e., the traditional naturalists, or birdwatchers. along with the shift to experimental science came specialization in research. i do not yet know the history of ornithology in europe in the 20th century well enough to know how it parallels events in america, but i suspect it was very similar at a course - grained scale. the differences in stresemann ' s " aves " and gill ' s " ornithology " reflect the character of pre - and post - wwii ornithology more than the ability of one individual to keep up with the field - - in my opinion. yet, to end here would be a great oversimplification. stresemann headed the leading school of avian systematic thought in the world during his time. his students were trained in biology programs and obtained ph. d. s. stresemann was in close and frequent contact with some of the best ornithologists the world has ever seen ( e. g., ernst hartert ). his most notable student, ernst mayr, imigrated to the united states in 1931 ( to the american museum of natural history ) and found in the intellectual environment here a prime opportunity to synthesize german, russian, and american thought, culminating in 1942 in his _ systematics and the origin of species _, an obvious play on darwin ' s _ on the origin of species _. actually, this title was suggested to mayr by t. dobzhansky, the famous russian imigrant and good friend of mayr, who had just earlier written his classic, _ genetics and the origin of species _. both mayr and dobzhansky are to be considered among the leading architects of the " evolutionary synthesis, " and their books as classics of that time - - and still valuable reading, i might add. [ both dobzhansky ' s and mayr ' s books developed from jesop lectures given at columbia university. ] american ornithology in the post - wwii period was, greatly influenced by the events of the " evolutionary synthesis, " by the developing fields of animal behavior and ecology, and by the work of david lack ( english ) and robert macarthur ( american ). whereas american naturalists were trained in german prior to wwii, anti - german sentiment during the post - war period


" by the developing fields of animal behavior and ecology, and by the work of david lack ( english ) and robert macarthur ( american ). whereas american naturalists were trained in german prior to wwii, anti - german sentiment during the post - war period abandoned that language requirement. thus, many great ornithological works originally written in german but that have never been translated to english are out of reach of most americans. these include not only stresemann ' s " aves " but also classic books and papers by fuerbringer, schlegel, hartert, naumann, oskar heinroth, finsch, rensch, reichenow, and others. it is not possible to truly have mastery of the whole of ornithology without having read these works. in addition to the loss of the german language requirement, post - wwii american ornithology also abandoned training in field observation and careful description. ornithologists of the ' 60s and ' 70s were trained in experimental design, measurement & data collecting, mathematics, and computer science - this tradition continues today. data collection and analysis of data are the fashion today as " physics envy " has taken over the whole field of biology. this change in the epistemology of american biological sciences actually began in the late 19th century with c. o. whitman ' s group at the marine biological laboratory. significantly, whitman had earlier studied in germany and also in naples ; he brought to america the ideas and methods of the leading european schools. again, all of these developments resulted in increased specialization. along with the shift from descriptive studies to hypothetico - deductive experimental and reductionist studies has been a change in emphasis from scholarship to " salami science " wherein * number * of papers published has become more important than the * quality * of a given paper for many workers in this " publish or perish " environment, leading to the often repeated observation that " deans can ' t read, but they can count. " the typical american biologist today is generally ignorant of the history and philosophy of science and often even disdains it as irrelevant. i believe burt guttman is correct in his above contrast of stresemann and gill. stresemann ' s " aves " was a comprehensive coverage of the field of ornithology and due to his mastery of the discipline, it served as a guide for a future research program. one reason for the success of stresemann ' s group is that he was able to clearly see what


coverage of the field of ornithology and due to his mastery of the discipline, it served as a guide for a future research program. one reason for the success of stresemann ' s group is that he was able to clearly see what questions were important and needed to be investegated, then he put his graduate students on those projects. in contrast, gill, writing today is constrained by pressures from his publisher to have a new text out approximately every five years ( personal commm. ), the text is clearly written to become the dominate ornithology text for undergraduate college courses, not to be a synthesis comparable to stresemann ' s " aves. " gill ' s text emphasizes experimental results at the expense of some important descriptive natural history and is clearly written in and for the post - transitional period. when gill ' s book first came out i analyzed his approx. 1, 600 references and posted my analysis to birdchat - - i don ' t have that information with me today, but according to my memory ( not 100 % trustworthy ) over 75 % of the literature he cited was written after the 1950s, and very little of it came from the 19th century. the importance of this is that it is impossible to obtain an historical perspective from such a biased selection of the literature. to be fair to gill, it must be stated that such a bias was conscious and intended, the idea being to reflect the activity of current ornithology, not to recap the whole of ornithology. also, it should be noted that it is not appropriate to put the onus on the authors and / or publishers, after all they are only feeding a demand. the problem, and i do think the lack of present day scholarship * is * a problem, is that too many readers want only to read about the " hot " current research, they are not willing to spend the time to develop the historical perspective. guttman states that ornithology has grown to such a degree that it is now impossible, or at least unlikely, for any one person to master the whole field. perhaps this is correct, but before adopting this explanation i would like to offer an alternative view. due to the change in the epistemology of the biological sciences, post - transitional ornithologists, like other biologists, have become specialists in an experimental arena, a tradition that directs them away from " big picture " thinking and scholarship. yet, while ornithology has grown to envelop such special


black box explains... rs - 232. product data sheets ( pdf )... enhanced parallel port cables rs - 232, also known as rs - 232c and tia / eia - 232 - e, is a group of electrical, functional, and mechanical specifications for serial interfaces between computers, terminals, and peripherals. the rs - 232 standard was developed by... more / see it nowthe electrical industries association ( eia ), and defines requirements for connecting data communications equipment ( dce ) — modems, converters, etc. — and data terminal equipment ( dte ) — computers, controllers, etc. ) devices. rs - 232 transmits data at speeds up to 115 kbps and over distances up to 50 feet ( 15. 2 m ). the standard, which is functionally equivalent to itu v. 24 / v. 28, specifies the workings of the interface, circuitry, and connector pinning. both sync and async binary data transmission fall under rs - 232. although rs - 232 is sometimes still used to transmit data from pcs to peripheral devices, the most common uses today are for network console ports and for industrial devices. even though rs - 232 is a “ standard, ” you can ’ t necessarily expect seamless communication between two rs - 232 devices. why? because different devices have different circuitry or pinning, and different wires may be designated to perform different functions. the typical rs - 232 connector is db25, but some pcs and other data communication devices have db9 connectors and many newer devices have rj - 45 rs - 232 ports. to connect 9 - pin pc ports or rj - 45 to devices with 25 - pin connectors, you will require a simple adapter cable. collapse black box explains... v. 35, the faster serial interface. product data sheets ( pdf )... ieee 1284 to usb printer cable bridge product data sheets ( pdf )... pc data - transfer cables v. 35 is the itu ( formerly ccitt ) standard termed data transmission at 48 kbps using 60108 khz group - band circuits. basically, v. 35 is a high - speed serial interface designed to support both higher data... more / see it nowrates and connectivity between dtes ( data - terminal equipment ) or dces ( data - communication equipment ) over digital lines. recognizable by its blocky, 34 - pin connector, v. 35 combines the bandwidth of several telephone circuits to provide the high - speed interface


life - span gap skews entitlements toward the well - off as policy makers peer into the abyss below the fiscal cliff, they are beginning to talk about making changes to medicare, and perhaps even social security. when looking at these programs, they would be wise to take into account the widening gap in life expectancy - - a gap defined by education and income. since better - educated, higher - income americans are living longer than everyone else and therefore collecting benefits longer, medicare and social security are becoming less progressive on a lifetime basis. fortunately, there are ways to offset this gap. the average life expectancy at birth in the u. s. is now 78. 7 years. but in life expectancy, as in many things, averages obscure many details. higher - income people have pretty much always lived longer than lower - income people. in the early 1970s, however, the gap started expanding rapidly. in measuring this phenomenon, researchers typically look at education, rather than income, because education is correlated with lifetime income but is not affected by bouts of ill health, which can skew the relationship between current income and health status. in 1990, 20 - year - old white women who had at least a college degree were expected to live to age 81, while those with less than a high - school degree were expected to reach 79, a recent study in health affairs found. by 2008, however, that two - year gap had widened to more than 10 years. for 20 - year - old white men, the difference grew from five years in 1990 to 13 years in 2008. other studies show a similar pattern : for people high on the scale of socioeconomic status, life expectancy is rising at a decent clip. for those at the bottom, it is stagnant at best - - and in many cases is actually declining. a complicating factor in these analyses is that the kind of people who lack, say, a high - school diploma today are different from those who didn ’ t have one in the past. still, it is clear that the gap is growing for reasons that go beyond this selection effect. one of these is smoking, which hasn ’ t declined as quickly among less - educated people as it has among the highly educated. other reasons include changes in marriage patterns and social ties, and the economic return that education brings. “ education exerts its direct beneficial effects on health through the adoption of healthier lifestyles, better ability to cope with stress and more effective management of chronic diseases, ” the authors


patterns and social ties, and the economic return that education brings. “ education exerts its direct beneficial effects on health through the adoption of healthier lifestyles, better ability to cope with stress and more effective management of chronic diseases, ” the authors of the health affairs article write. “ however, the indirect effects of education through access to more privileged social position, better - paying jobs and higher income are also profound. ” one clear implication is that boosting people ’ s education has important benefits in addition to productivity. yet that won ’ t have much impact on people already well along in their careers, and the longevity gap is widening even among people on the verge of retirement. just since 1990, the difference in life expectancy between the most - and least - educated 65 - year - olds has grown by almost five years. for programs such as social security and medicare, the consequences are easy to see. consider the present value of $ 1 that a white man turning 65 can expect to receive each year of his remaining life. in 1990, when the best - educated men could expect to live an additional 16 years and the least - educated, 15 years more, the difference in the present value of that $ 1 amounted to about 5 percent. by 2008, when the men at the top of the scale could expect to live five years longer, the present - value gap was more than 25 percent. in our 2005 book, “ saving social security, ” the economist peter diamond and i argued that the formula used to set people ’ s annual social security benefits should be made more progressive to offset the increasing gap in life expectancy. when it comes to medicare, offsetting the longevity gap is a bit more challenging, because there is no straightforward formula to work with. ( it is also less clear what the level of lifetime progressivity for medicare is in the first place. while most studies suggest that social security remains moderately progressive on a lifetime basis, the evidence on medicare is mixed. one major study found it to be regressive on a lifetime basis, and another did not. ) if medicare were shifted to a premium - support program - - a change that would create other problems, as i have explained - - the widening divide in life expectancy would justify a much larger annual subsidy for people at the bottom of the income distribution than for those at the top. given how the program is structured now, however, policy makers should look for still more ways to link copayments to income, as is already done for medicare part b and part d premiums


of the income distribution than for those at the top. given how the program is structured now, however, policy makers should look for still more ways to link copayments to income, as is already done for medicare part b and part d premiums. negotiations in washington over how to address the fiscal cliff offer an opportunity to update both medicare and social security to offset the trends in life expectancy. although we may not be able to do anything immediately to lengthen the lives of america ’ s poorest and least - educated people, we can at least even out the resulting differences in their lifetime social security and medicare benefits. ( peter orszag is vice chairman of corporate and investment banking at citigroup inc. and a former director of the office of management and budget in the obama administration. the opinions expressed are his own. ) today ’ s highlights : the editors on how to avert the fiscal cliff and on new york ’ s lawsuit against jpmorgan chase & co. ; margaret carlson on the election as a referendum on mitt romney ; clive crook on finding an unextreme path for europe ; michael kinsley on which gaffes will matter at the debates ; meghan l. o ’ sullivan on the silver lining in the muslim anti - american riots ; thomas de waal on georgia ’ s democratic counterrevolution. to contact the writer of this article : peter orszag at firstname. lastname @ example. org to contact the editor responsible for this article : mary duenwald at email @ example. com


- plan your visit - our gardens - events & exhibits - research & conservation - gardening resources - get involved school of botanical art and illustration botanical art and illustration is the well - established tradition of portraying plants for scientific purposes, recording vanishing species for historical record, or rendering the beauty and inspiration we experience in the flora of the world around us. we invite you to join the tradition of artists who have portrayed the beauty of plants for centuries. our core curriculum provides comprehensive instruction in botanical art and illustration. in the school of botanical art and illustration, you will learn the skills to render plants in remarkable scientific detail and the artistic techniques needed to create beautiful and lasting plant portraits. beginners will acquire new knowledge and skills, and experienced artists will refine techniques and find fresh directions for their work. all students enjoy small classes in a positive and encouraging atmosphere. with close to 200 courses and workshops offered each year, we ' ll help you to combine scientific accuracy with an aesthetic vision to create beautiful botanicals. sample the program with an introductory course or jump right into the core curriculum. whether you have painted for years or did your last great work in grade school, our instructors will meet you where you are to begin your botanical art and illustration journey. - general information - course listings and online registration - download the 2013 winter / spring botanical illustration course catalog - ' cafe botanique ' - these free lectures create an atmosphere where botanical science, research and art provide communication topics for botanical art and illustration students, gardens ' members, general public, academia and artists. pre - registration is required for one elective course credit. vist the school of botanical art and illustration blog. visit the school of botanical art and illustration page on facebook.


buddhist precepts in the modern worldby leaves no : 123 © kandy ; buddhist publication society, ( 1991 ) bps online edition © ( 2006 ) digital transcription source : access to insight dhamma transcription project for free distribution. this work may be republished, reformatted, reprinted and redistributed in any medium. however, any such republication and redistribution is to be made available to the public on a free and unrestricted basis and translations and other derivative works are to be clearly marked as such. the five precepts are the basic moral code of buddhism, undertaken daily by lay buddhists along with the three refuges and regarded as the indispensable foundation of a life governed by the dhamma. the five precepts consist of five training rules of abstinence : ( 1 ) from killing, ( 2 ) from stealing, ( 3 ) from sexual misconduct, ( 4 ) from false speech, ( 5 ) from intoxicants. the five precepts are designed to discipline and purify the three avenues of human action body, speech, and mind. abstention from killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct disciplines bodily action. abstention from false speech disciplines verbal action. it is also expected under this fourth precept that one should refrain from slander, abusive speech and frivolous talk. the dual discipline of body and speech has a salutary effect on the purity of mind, though complete mental purity can be brought about effectively only through bhavana, mental culture or meditation. the fifth precept against the use of intoxicants attempts to safeguard the mental faculty from degenerating through a bad habit. a man under the influence of intoxicants has no control over himself, and thus is easily tempted to transgress the four other precepts as well. traditionally, the five precepts are regarded as part and parcel of personal morality, a stepping stone along the path to liberation. however, these five precepts also have a momentous relevance to modern society. man in the modern world lives in a critical state of illness an illness rooted in moral negligence. the five rules of training which form the backbone of buddhist ethics offer a remedy for that illness, a course of therapy that is radical because it strikes at the root of the problem. this i hope to show by an examination of each of the precepts the precept against killing the world today is plagued by various kinds of conflicts : ethnic, racial


of therapy that is radical because it strikes at the root of the problem. this i hope to show by an examination of each of the precepts the precept against killing the world today is plagued by various kinds of conflicts : ethnic, racial, religious and ideological. terrorism appears to reign supreme in many countries. war is not just a threat, it is a continuing actuality all over the globe. the use of nuclear power in war is a worldwide anxiety. the manufacture of firearms is a thriving industry. are there wars because there are firearms, or are there firearms because there are wars? the two seem to form a vicious circle, and it may be questioned whether conflicts are maneuvered and nurtured in order to find a ready market for the flourishing arms industry. enough nuclear power is available today to blow the planet up several times over. chemical and biological weapons capable of inflicting unimaginable torment have been designed to kill people but leave buildings intact. but it is well to remember that cruelty dehumanizes the victim overtly, and the perpetrators in more subtle ways. the question arises whether life is deemed more, or less, valuable today when man is at the apex of his technological prowess, than in earlier periods of his history. if a world war erupts there will be no victor to enjoy victory, as the victor, victim, and the uninvolved will all be annihilated. some realization of this imminent catastrophe seems to have dawned on the nuclear powers at long last, hence the recent negotiations for arms control. but it is a timely question to ask how valuable one individual holds the life of another to be. when we pay attention to the precarious situation man faces today, we begin to appreciate and marvel at the real value and significance of the precept against killing. if only the scientific community of the proud modern world had observed this simple moral precept of the inviolability and sanctity of life, it might have concentrated only on the constructive uses of science. but what is paradoxical and even ludicrous today is that modern man is foolhardy enough to pride himself on unprecedented scientific achievement when in fact he has brought the entire human species to the very brink of disaster. militarism is not the only ill effect of the lack of sympathy for life. it is felt to a very marked degree in agriculture. the free use of insecticides, weedicides, and chemical fertilizers has caused soil pollution with disastrous long - term consequences


not the only ill effect of the lack of sympathy for life. it is felt to a very marked degree in agriculture. the free use of insecticides, weedicides, and chemical fertilizers has caused soil pollution with disastrous long - term consequences. the natural chemical and bacterial balance of the soil has been disturbed. as a result the fertility and the productivity of the soil are diminishing at an alarming rate. rivers and seas too have been polluted by chemical waste and in some areas rivers have become incapable of sustaining aquatic life. all these have adversely affected human life, and unless man turns over a new leaf with a radical change in attitude this dangerous trend portends disaster. a return to moral values seems a survival imperative. another disgraceful inhuman activity we hear of sometimes is the prevalence of baby farms in the third world countries, where it is alleged that unwanted babies are sold to human tissue banks to provide organs and tissues for transplant purposes. one shudders, overcome with revulsion at this callous and shameful disregard for the life of another. money, status, and power seem to be the criteria which determine the value of one person ' s life as against that of another. can civilized man, with a clear conscience, use the life of one individual to save the life of another? this shows the extent to which modern man has been dehumanized. moral discipline is a crying need to impress upon him the inherent worth and dignity of all humanity. the precept against stealing lawlessness and misappropriation of various kinds are prevalent today to an unprecedented degree. the mass media are replete with distressing news about pickpocketing, bribery, smuggling, organized robbery, blackmailing, hijacking, etc. society today has acquired such perverse values that sometimes daredevil crimes are sentimentalized as acts of valor. apart from such blatant crimes, modern society is guilty of subtle forms of misappropriation which have far - reaching adverse effects. man today uses non - renewable natural resources at the risk of his own survival. goods of inferior quality are produced so that they have a short span of utility value because a market must be found for their speedily produced replacements. brain - washed by commercial advertisements to believe in the merits of consumerism, modern man is actually using the earth ' s resources at a rate which jeopardizes generations yet unborn. is this not a case of robbing the rights of future generations? if a household prepared food sufficient for ten people, but it was all


man is actually using the earth ' s resources at a rate which jeopardizes generations yet unborn. is this not a case of robbing the rights of future generations? if a household prepared food sufficient for ten people, but it was all consumed by four, we would not hesitate to call the behavior of the four selfish and immoral. but when modern man consumes earth ' s non - renewable resources without regard for future generations, we are foolish enough to call it development and progress. periodically the world today destroys thousands of tons of surplus food to prevent the reduction of market prices, when in fact there are millions of people undernourished and dying of starvation. at a time when food preservation techniques and transport facilities are plentiful, and people in all parts of the world are well informed about the situation in other countries, it is appalling to see the wanton waste of usable goods and the lack of fellow feeling and altruism. the inordinate acquisitive greed of man is the root cause of much misery today. the wanton felling of trees has resulted in severe soil erosion in mountainous regions. time and again the consequence has been massive mudslides resulting in the destruction of whole villages and the loss of hundreds of lives. the destruction caused to tropical rain forests all over the world has also altered the climatic conditions of the whole planet. scientists are now warning of the danger of a global temperature rise and the consequent melting of ice - caps in the polar regions. in such an event within the course of the next century vast inhabited coastal areas of all the continents will be engulfed by the sea all these and many more calamities are the direct effects of modern man ' s greed, which has assumed intolerable proportions. the first step to curb greed is the observance of the second precept, the positive aspect of which is non - ostentatiousness and the ability to be contented with a simple life where needs are satisfied rather than greeds. the precept against sexual misconduct disdaining the sexual mores of the pre - industrial era, modern man has plunged headlong into a life of uninhibited pleasure, so much so that the last few decades have been characterized by what is called a sexual revolution. the discovery of contraception relieved man of the responsibilities that come in the wake of sex and sensuality has become an accepted social trend. all manners of sexual behavior are practiced with uninhabited openness. homosexuality, lesbianism, premarital


sexual revolution. the discovery of contraception relieved man of the responsibilities that come in the wake of sex and sensuality has become an accepted social trend. all manners of sexual behavior are practiced with uninhabited openness. homosexuality, lesbianism, premarital and extra - marital sex have become widespread phenomena. incest and rape, too, raise their ugly heads with unprecedented frequency. sexual abuse of children within the family circle is so common that in britain a telephone service called childline has been set up which specializes in counseling abused children. it is reported that this voluntary organization receives over 1000 calls a day! the ill effects of this permissiveness have gradually emerged. the divorce rate has become alarmingly high as couples are incapable of maintaining steady, lasting, emotionally sound relationships. children have suffered most in broken homes and large numbers of adolescents have become drug addicts and delinquents. juvenile delinquency is now a serious social problem. public institutions have been organized to care for unwanted children, and to rehabilitate drug addicts and delinquents. babies are sometimes battered to death during family crises and measures have been adopted to deal with family violence. abortion has become so frequent that it is currently a widely debated moral and sociolegal medical issue. sexually transmitted diseases have increased by leaps and bounds to assume almost epidemic proportions. the whole world was shaken with a rude shock by the advent of the dreaded disease aids, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, for which medical scientists all over the globe are struggling, without success so far, to find an effective cure. it is also a well - known secret that one of the causes for cancer of the cervix in women is exposure to several sexual partners. already burdened with various other socio - economic problems due to industrialization and urbanization, man now has to face the additional burden of family and health problems. interpersonal relations have become superficial and brittle, and large numbers of people find themselves alienated, frustrated and mentally ill, without a sense of direction and purpose. the alienated individual has no friend to turn to for solace, and as he is already estranged from religion, psychiatry has stepped in to give some measure of relief. it must not be forgotten that man emerged from savagery to civilization through family life. the love of the mother for her offspring played a significant role in this march, and the family was the vital social unit in giving the new arrival the comfort and security which he sorely needed. modern man in his greed for sensual pleasures has sacrificed the sanct


of the mother for her offspring played a significant role in this march, and the family was the vital social unit in giving the new arrival the comfort and security which he sorely needed. modern man in his greed for sensual pleasures has sacrificed the sanctity of this vital institution, and he found himself drowning in the very pleasures which he so much wanted to enjoy, reminding one of the traditional simile of the ant fallen in the pot of honey. it is really to safeguard man against such catastrophic disasters that the third precept has been so designed to form part and parcel of the code of discipline obligatory for laymen. the precept against false speech when selfish pursuit of personal gain and pleasure largely determines human action, one can hardly expect a high standard of honesty to prevail in society. today there appear to be discrepancies between words and deeds even at the highest levels of national authority. nations establish diplomatic relations as a gesture of friendship and goodwill, but from time to time we also hear them accusing each other of employing spy services to pry into one another ' s internal affairs. this shows that there are double standards and double dealings and often, despite a facade of friendship, the result is mutual distrust and suspicion at the international level. we also hear of instances of terrorist camps being established in some countries to train men in guerrilla warfare to destabilize the government of another friendly country. showing a very friendly face, some leaders work with sinister hypocritical motives to stabilize their own political positions at the expense of others. recently the papers also reported that a ship laden with toxic chemical waste was going from an undisclosed country to an unidentified destination. ultimately it is said to have unloaded its " cargo " in a coastal farm in nigeria, purchasing the consent of the poor farmer without the knowledge of the nigerian government. from time to time we also hear reports of scandalous behavior on the part of national leaders. in some instances when their honesty and integrity have become questionable, public pressure has obliged them to resign from high office. some have been defeated at elections due to malpractices. when those in the highest social and political positions stoop to such dishonesty, one cannot expect moral standards to be maintained in society at large. according to buddhism rulers have to set a good example to their subjects by maintaining a high standard of morality in their public and private lives. it is men of high integrity and moral stature who can command the respect and loyalty of the people. when rulers are unrighteous and morally depr


a good example to their subjects by maintaining a high standard of morality in their public and private lives. it is men of high integrity and moral stature who can command the respect and loyalty of the people. when rulers are unrighteous and morally depraved, social values deteriorate and society gradually sinks into anarchy and chaos ( sabbam rattham dukkham seti raja ce hoti adhammiko, a. ii, 74 - 76 ). as man is social animal, mutual dependability is a survival strategy. dishonesty weakens the very basis of society and the whole social structure breaks down with mutual distrust. military strength cannot bring unity and harmony in society ; it is moral power which infuses resilience and strength to social life. the precept against intoxicants brewing liquor is one of the most profitable industries in the world today and the market is replete with various brands of alcohol. in sri lanka the state coffers are handsomely augmented by the revenue earned from the sale of liquor, and the consumption of expensive foreign alcohol is regarded as a luxury of high society. values have become so perverted that it is the teetotaller who gets cornered in society today. only a man with high moral scruples and a strong character can decline the offer of a drink at a party despite the embarrassment of being regarded as a wet blanket or one under petticoat government. it also remains a fact that many who end up as alcoholics were first introduced to drinking for social acceptance. alcoholism and drug abuse are burning social problems of modern society. they ruin the physical and mental health of the addicts. one does not have to be a habitual drunkard to fall prey to disease. according to a british medical journal, daily beer drinkers are twelve times more at risk of developing cancer of the colon than non - drinkers. it is also reported that even relatively modest social drinking by pregnant women can harm the fetus. the babies are abnormally small, or have small heads or jittery eyes. these are effects associated with what is called the fetal - alcoholism syndrome, which in its extreme form produces very distorted features and a retarded brain. alcohol also causes irreparable damage to brain cells in adults even when taken in small quantities, while larger quantities can damage vital organs of the body. drug abuse is even more injurious. fully realizing the harmful effects of intoxicants, buddhism has included abstention from them among the basic


even when taken in small quantities, while larger quantities can damage vital organs of the body. drug abuse is even more injurious. fully realizing the harmful effects of intoxicants, buddhism has included abstention from them among the basic moral precepts. the dangers of intoxicants are enumerated in a number of the buddha ' s discourses, the most famous of which is the sigalovada sutta ( d. iii, 182 ). indulgence in intoxicants causes economic downfall. the episode of mahadhanasetthi ( dha. iii, 129 ), who squandered a vast fortune by drinking with evil friends and was reduced to beggary in his old age, is a classic example related in the pali texts of a wealthy man ruined by alcohol. intoxicants can cause disputes, quarrels and family violence. disruption of family life is often caused by addiction to liquor and drugs, and this brings about a whole chain of other related social problems. the suttas report that ill health and a bad reputation are also caused by the habit of taking intoxicants, which also destroys inhibitions and weakens wisdom. the situation is aptly summarized by a modern writer who said that man ' s conscience is soluble in alcohol most of the crimes in modern society, as well as serious traffic accidents, have liquor and drugs as the root cause. in spite of the devastating social effects of alcohol that are so evident today, attractive advertisements clutter the mass media depicting liquor as integral to the lifestyle of the affluent, to emulate which is the dream of the common man. people have to be educated and convinced not only of the ill effects of intoxicants but also of the value of will power and strength of character to resist the temptations that society throws in their way. it is only one who is weak in character who will get trapped in these snares. the individual should also be taught to cultivate a sympathetic attitude toward his own body and mind. they are his instruments of action and it is his own responsibility, and in his own interest, to keep them healthy and efficient. in the meditation on loving - kindness in buddhism the individual is first taught how to develop a benevolent attitude toward himself. " may i be well and happy " is quietly and mindfully repeated several times each day at the beginning of the meditation to impress upon the mind a compassionate attitude toward himself. when the benevolent attitude becomes deeply ingrained in the mind, the


himself. " may i be well and happy " is quietly and mindfully repeated several times each day at the beginning of the meditation to impress upon the mind a compassionate attitude toward himself. when the benevolent attitude becomes deeply ingrained in the mind, the meditator will gradually refrain from habits which are injurious to his own body and mind. it is the paramount duty of all concerned people who realize that society today is in a precarious state, to muster all resources at their command to bring about a change in man ' s attitude to rescue him from the perils of his own making. the moral dimension the scientific man of today has tapped many of nature ' s secrets and has learned to control the physical forces of universe. but he has yet to learn to master the social and psychological forces that affect his very being, and his relationship to his fellowmen and the environment. though man in this nuclear age may be an intellectual giant who has achieved technological wonders, emotionally he is a mere dwarf who has barely taken a couple of steps beyond the stone age. one writer compares modern man to a person who has one leg tied to a jet plane while the other leg is tied to a bullock cart. thus man ' s development is utterly lopsided, and this psychological imbalance seems to be largely responsible for the crisis situation we face. what is needed is the total development of the personality as a whole, and for that the cultivation of the moral dimension is an absolute must. we have traffic rules to facilitate the smooth flow of traffic. though they appear to place restrictions on the freedom of the individual, they in fact grant freedom of movement to one and all. moral laws are similar to traffic rules. they impose certain restraints with the double purpose of granting maximum satisfaction to the individual in the long run, and of preventing the individual from hindering his fellowmen from realizing their own satisfaction. moral laws coordinate different aspects of human experience so that there are no conflicts within the individual and among individuals. conflicts, terrorism, and wars have to be understood as the external manifestations of the internal disharmony of man. man thinks violent thoughts, therefore there is violence in society. the corrupt mind brings suffering in its wake. this is an eternal truth. if happiness is what we yearn for, we have to entertain wholesome thoughts, and act with wholesome thoughts ; then happiness will follow effortlessly like a shadow. to train the mind for wholesome thoughts and healthy attitudes our physical and verbal activities must be disciplined, and this is exactly what the


when multiplying radical expressions of the same power, be careful to multiply together only the terms inside the roots and only the terms outside the roots ; keep them separate. after multiplying the terms together, we rewrite the root separating perfect squares if possible. the rules of distributing and multiplying binomials ( foil ) apply to radicals as well. now we ' re going to talk about multiplying radicals, so we know how to simplify radicals okay so behind me i have the square root of 50. we know how to simplify this by saying okay what perfect square goes into 50? 25 so we can break this down into 25 times 2 which we can then split up again into square root of 25 times the square root of 2. square root of 25 is simplifies the 5 so we ' re ending up with 5 root 2. okay, so we ' re able to split it up to get a simplified version okay? if we ' re multiplying two things like over here i have square root of 2 times the square root of 8, as long as our square roots are the same so these are both squares so they ' re both to [ ib ] 2 right here we could go the other way as well so with this 50 we broke it down into the product of two things, we could also go the other way and put it back in together to be one square root okay? so what we can do here is combine these two together this turns into the square root of 16 which we know is 4 okay? the other way you could do this and i wouldn ' t recommend it because it ' s little more work is to simplify these two individually okay? we can ' t do anything with this squared of 2 that ' s stuck, but the square root of 8 turns into the oops let ' s write where i know you can see it is equal to the squared of 4 to the square root of 2 so what we ' ll really end up with is the square root 2 from before times 2 times another square root of 2 okay? square root of 2 times the square root of 2 turns into 2 so we end up with 2 times 2 which is 4 okay? so we could simplify these up first but there ' s really no point okay? we can combine these two as is same square root multiply them together in order to simplify.


this book offers the first comprehensive overview of the catholic enlightenment in europe. it surveys the diversity of views about the structure and nature of the movement, pointing toward the possibilities for further research. the volume presents a series of comprehensive treatments on the process and interpretation of catholic enlightenment in france, spain, portugal, poland, the holy roman empire, malta, italy and the habsburg territories. an introductory overview explores the varied meanings of catholic enlightenment and situates them in a series of intellectual and social contexts. the topics covered in this book are crucial for a proper understanding of the role and place not only of catholicism in the eighteenth century, but also for the social and religious history of modern europe. a companion to the catholic enlightenment in europe edited by gary ferguson & mary b. mckinley eleven scholars offer new appreciations of marguerite de navarre ’ s rich and varied œuvre : her mystical poetry, plays, and short - story collection, and her efforts to promote a living faith and a renewal of the church based on evangelical principles. edited by alessandro conti walter burley was one of the most prominent logicians and metaphysicians of the middle ages. this volume, which contain thirteen substantial articles on his philosophy, is aimed to reconstruct the internal evolution of his doctrines and the role they played in the development of late medieval... edited by herman j. selderhuis an international team of renowned scholars give an oversight of the history and theology of reformed orthodoxy ( ± 1550 - 1750 ). the renewed interest in this fascinating period in intellectual history is documented in this companion. edited by steven r. cartwright this volume surveys the interpretation of st. paul by patristic and medieval exegetes. it also examines the use of paul by medieval reformers, canon lawyers, and spiritual teachers and paul ’ s portrayal in medieval literature and art. edited by irven m. resnick contributions to this omnibus volume from twenty - seven internationally renowned scholars will introduce students of philosophy, science, and theology to the current state of research and multiple perspectives on the work of albert the great. edited by henrik lagerlund and paul thom cardinal and archbishop of canterbury robert kilwardby op ( c. 1215 - 1279 ) was a very important and influential thinker in his time, but he has not received the scholarly attention that he deserves. in this book we present the first study of all of his philosophical thinking from logic and grammar... edited by jeremiah m. hackett drawing on the latest european research on meister eckhart since 1970,


received the scholarly attention that he deserves. in this book we present the first study of all of his philosophical thinking from logic and grammar... edited by jeremiah m. hackett drawing on the latest european research on meister eckhart since 1970, the volume provides a comprehensive rereading of the life, works, career, trial of meister eckhart. central philosophical ideas and sources with an account of his preaching, teaching and the reception of his work from the... edited by tobias hoffmann this book studies medieval theories of angelology insofar as they made groundbreaking contributions to medieval philosophy. it centers on the period from bonaventure to ockham while also discussing some original positions by earlier thinkers. edited by phyllis r. brown and stephen l. wailes hrotsvit wrote stories, plays, and histories during the reign of emperor otto the great ( 962 - 973 ). twelve original essays survey her work, showing historical roots and contexts, christian values, and a surprisingly modern grappling with questions of identity and female self - realization. edited by deborah mcgrady and jennifer bain this collection provides a comprehensive reading of machaut ’ s literary and musical corpus that privileges his engagement with contemporary political, ethical, and aesthetic concerns of late medieval culture as well as his reception by artists and thinkers, medieval and modern. - 1 of 5 no additional information


ariusarticle free pass arius, ( born c. 250, libya — died 336, constantinople [ now istanbul, tur. ] ), christian priest of alexandria, egypt, whose teachings gave rise to a theological doctrine known as arianism, which, in affirming the created, finite nature of christ, was denounced by the early church as a major heresy. an ascetical, moral leader of a christian community in the area of alexandria, arius attracted a large following through a message integrating neoplatonism, which accented the absolute oneness of the divinity as the highest perfection, with a literal, rationalist approach to the new testament texts. this point of view was publicized about 323 through the poetic verse of his major work, thalia ( “ banquet ” ), and was widely spread by popular songs written for labourers and travelers. the council of nicaea, in may 325, declared arius a heretic after he refused to sign the formula of faith stating that christ was of the same divine nature as god. influential support from colleagues in asia minor and from constantia, the sister of emperor constantine i, succeeded in effecting arius ’ s return from exile and his readmission into the church after consenting to a compromise formula. shortly before he was to be reconciled, however, arius collapsed and died while walking through the streets of constantinople. what made you want to look up " arius "? please share what surprised you most...


shan plateauarticle free pass shan plateau, crystalline massif forming the eastern part of myanmar ( burma ) and forming part of the indo - malayan mountain system. the plateau is crossed by the deep trench of the salween river in the east and is bordered by the upper course of the irrawaddy river to the west. the average elevation of the plateau is between 2, 500 and 4, 000 feet ( 750 and 1, 200 m ). it is seamed and ribbed by mountain ranges that split up and run into each other. the mountain ranges have an average elevation of between 4, 000 and 5, 000 feet ( 1, 200 and 1, 500 m ), with some peaks rising to more than 8, 000 feet ( 2, 400 m ). the ranges are interspersed with masses of broken hills, which formerly were heavily forested but which have been extensively denuded because of the shifting ( slash - and - burn ) cultivation practiced by some of the local inhabitants. in between these uplands are valleys and rolling plains that are covered with grass or are farmed for rice. the rocks in the northern part of the shan plateau are the source of rubies, sapphires, and other gems for which myanmar has long been famous. the plateau is the country ’ s principal source of lead, zinc, and silver and is an area of major teak forests. what made you want to look up " shan plateau "? please share what surprised you most...


water witch incidentarticle free pass water witch incident, ( 1855 ), brief military skirmish near the paraguayan ft. itapiru, involving the uss “ water witch, ” commanded by lt. thomas j. page, and paraguayan troops who fired as the vessel was exploring the parana river, in international waters. in 1853 the “ water witch ” set out on a scientific study, organized by the u. s. government, of the rio de la plata waterways. in 1854, after page became involved in a controversy between the paraguayan president carlos antonio lopez and a north american firm, paraguay barred foreign war vessels from its waters. in the subsequent incident in 1855 on the parana river, one u. s. seaman was killed and several others were injured, and gunfire from the “ water witch ” killed a number of paraguayan troops. in 1859 the u. s. government dispatched a naval force to paraguay to force a settlement of its claims involving the “ water witch ” incident and earlier disputes. the settlement included a formal apology to the u. s. government for the attack and an agreement by the paraguayan government to pay the slain seaman ’ s family an indemnity of $ 10, 000. what made you want to look up " water witch incident "? please share what surprised you most...


in this blog i have explained oops features of c # in brief to help new comer ' s to crack an interview, i have explained these feature in brief because of focsing on new comer ' s to give them a idea how to answer thes questions which are often asked in an interview. programming in which data is logically represented in the form of a class and physically represented in the form an object is called as object oriented programming ( oop ). oop has the following important features. in oop languages it is must to create a class for representing data. class contains variables for storing data and functions to specify various operations that can be performed on data. class will not occupy any memory space and hence it is only logical representation of within a class variables are used for storing data and functions to specify various operations that can be performed on data. this process of wrapping up of data and functions that operate on data as a single unit is called as data encapsulation. within a class if a member is that member can not be accessed from out side the class. i. e. that member is hidden from rest of the program. this process of hiding the details of a class from rest of the program is called as data abstraction. advantage of data abstraction is security. class will not occupy any memory space. hence to work with the data represented by the class you must create a variable for the class, which is called as an object. when an object is created by using the keyword new, then memory will be allocated for the class in heap memory area, which is called as an instance and its starting address will be stored in the object in stack memory when an object is created without the keyword new, then memory will not be allocated in heap i. e. instance will not be created and object in the stack contains the value null. when an object contains null, then it is not possible to access the members of the class using that object. creating a new class from an existing class is called as inheritance. when a new class requires same members as an existing class, then instead of recreating those members the new class can be created from existing class, which is called as inheritance. advantage of inheritance is reusability of the code. during inheritance, the class that is inherited is called as base class and the class that does the inheritance is called as derived class. polymorphism means having more than one form. polymorphism can be achieved with the help of overloading and overriding concepts. polymorphism


so what ' s the problem? for every loaf of bread baked, the grain from the harvested crop is first stored in barns on local farms or in huge regional grain silos. this is great news for a host of insects, as there is an ample source of food for them to feed on and reproduce amongst. this can prove to be a huge problem as not only do these pests deplete the quality of the grain, but if insects are found to be contaminating their product, farmers face having batches rejected by the market which can cost the farmer anywhere between £3 - £20 per tonne. what is this project doing? an alternative to chemical pesticides are biopesticides which use fungi as a way of controlling the insects. using their experience and expertise of working with fungi, cabi scientists – along with scientists from the central science laboratory ( csl ), exosect ltd and sylvan somycel – investigated the possibility of tackling the problem by developing a new biopesticide. the current project builds on the results of a previous project whereby 10 samples of naturally occurring insect killing fungi were collected from uk grain stores. identification showed eight of these to be the fungal species beauveria bassiana. in laboratory trials, some strains of this fungus proved 100 % effective at killing a range of beetles, moths and mites but when tested in drier environmental conditions similar to grain stores, the kill rates dropped significantly. the scientists needed to find a way of increasing the virulence of the fungus by increasing the production of fugal spores and maximising their uptake by the pests. the current project selected the two most virulent strains of b. bassiana and looked into ways of improving their efficacy within the grain store environment. different mass production techniques were investigated in order to improve the ability of the fungus to survive and germinate in drier environments. different formulations were also investigated to enhance the efficacy of the fungus within the grain store. as a living organism, the fungus needs to be able to survive and replicate after being formulated and as a commercial product the fungus will need to be sold in an easily applicable formula such as an emulsion, oil or powder. so, these different mediums need to be tested to ensure they can still be effective and have a realistic shelf life. grain stores can be made of a variety of different materials so the affect of applying the fungus to a variety of grain store fabrics over a period of time was also investigated. results so far cabi researchers


still be effective and have a realistic shelf life. grain stores can be made of a variety of different materials so the affect of applying the fungus to a variety of grain store fabrics over a period of time was also investigated. results so far cabi researchers have found that the majority of formulations can be stored and remain effective over a period of 12 months ; this is important for a potential commercial product. they have also conducted tests on surfaces which are found within the grain store. results from these trials are promising as none had a detrimental effect on the action of the fungi. project collaborators at the central science laboratory have also carried out trials assessing the effectiveness of the fungus in a variety of conditions. these have shown very promising results indicating that the fungus can be effective within difficult dry conditions. current legislation is working in favour of biopesticides and their development. a new scheme set up by the pesticide safety directorate is making the process for registering natural, biological pesticides easier, whilst still conforming to the strict controls to protect human and animal health, and the environment. address : bakeham lane, egham, surrey, tw209ty, united kingdom tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 1491 829014 tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 1491 829034 tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 1491 829015 increasing maize production and availability in a sustainable way improving tomato and apple production in kosovo enhancing food security in asia - pacific building plant nurseries in pakistan promoting sustainable agriculture for dpr korea ' s crops improved maize production to help farmers in batagram, pakistan by w lockeretz 21 march 2011 paperback / 9781845938765 / £35. 00 / $ 70. 00 / €45. 00 sustainable livestock management for poverty alleviation and food security by d bhandari, k van ' t hooft, t wollen 04 april 2012 hardback / 9781845938277 / £75. 00 / $ 145. 00 / €100. 00 vegetable production and marketing in africa by d mithofer, h waibel 09 june 2011 hardback / 9781845936495 / £85. 00 / $ 160. 00 / €110. 00 bibliography of systematic mycology a leading resource for systematic mycology if you ' re not searching cab abstracts... you ' re not searching the world cab abstracts archive searching the past... informing the future


severe weather safety tips how to protect yourself during a storm august 1, 2012 according to the american red cross, lightning, which is present in every thunderstorm, kills more people each year than tornadoes or hurricanes. their motto : if thunder roars, go indoors! lucky for you, the cabin shelves are already prepped for unplugged fun ( checkers, anyone? ) that you can enjoy while you ’ re tucked safely inside. photo by thinkstock. com just be sure to keep these other severe - weather tips from the american red cross in mind when the sky starts to look that surreal tinge of green. - during any storm, listen to local news or an noaa weather radio to stay informed about watches and warnings. - know your community ’ s warning system. - avoid electrical equipment and telephones. use battery - powered tvs and radios instead. - do not shower or use plumbing. - watch for tornado signs : dark, often greenish clouds ; a wall cloud or funnel cloud ; a cloud of debris ; large hail ; roaring noise. - pick a safe room in your cabin where household members and pets may gather during a tornado. this should be a basement, storm cellar or an interior room on the lowest floor with no windows. - prepare for high winds by removing diseased and damaged limbs from trees. - move or secure lawn furniture, trash cans, hanging plants or anything else that can be picked up by the wind and become a projectile. - shutter windows and close outside doors securely. keep away from windows. - mobile homes are not safe during tornadoes or other severe winds. if you have access to a sturdy shelter or a vehicle, abandon your mobile home immediately. - when a flood or flash flood warning is issued, head for higher ground and stay there. - stay away from floodwaters. six inches of swiftly moving water can sweep you off of your feet. most cars can be swept away by less than 2 feet of moving water. - be especially cautious at night when it is harder to recognize flood danger. - get trained in first aid and learn how to respond to emergencies.


the safety of metabolic therapy and alternative diets this page tells you about metabolic therapy and alternative diets sometimes used by people with cancer. there is information about metabolic therapy uses a combination of special diets, enzymes, nutritional supplements and other practices to try to remove harmful substances from the body ( toxins ) and strengthen the body ' s resistance to illness. in the uk the best known metabolic therapies are gerson therapy and macrobiotic diets. we have information about them in the individual complementary and alternative therapies section. however, there are many other types, including the following - kelley ' s treatment - gonzalez treatment - issels whole body therapy - injecting live cells from animals ( cell therapy ) - contreras metabolic therapy the different types of metabolic therapy vary a lot but they are all based on special diets and practices that aim to detoxify the body. the special diets usually involve natural, whole foods such as fresh fruits and vegetables, as well as vitamin and mineral supplements. some include laetrile, a plant substance that can cause severe side effects for some people. other practices that the therapies use may include - bowel washouts ( colonic irrigation ) with coffee or hydrogen peroxide enemas - enzyme therapy - removal of dental fillings - psychological therapy - stress reducing exercises research has shown that a healthy, well balanced diet can reduce the risk of cancer. you can find information about diet, healthy eating and cancer on the cancer research uk news and resources website. some small research studies seem to show that some types of nutritional supplement ( such as coenzyme q10 ) may help to control cancer in particular groups of people. but we need bigger studies to confirm this. there is no evidence that any type of metabolic therapy or alternative diet can prevent, treat or control cancer. in fact, some of the therapies and diets are very restrictive and strict so that it is impossible to get the right balance of nutrients. this can be a serious risk to your health if you are already weakened by cancer or by treatments such as chemotherapy, biological therapy or radiotherapy. some treatments used in metabolic therapies can cause harm – for example, coffee enemas carry a risk of causing a chemical imbalance in the body. and some nutritional supplements can be harmful in high doses. if you are thinking of trying an alternative diet, it is very important to talk to a dietician and go through the diet with them. they will be able to advise you about how safe it


some nutritional supplements can be harmful in high doses. if you are thinking of trying an alternative diet, it is very important to talk to a dietician and go through the diet with them. they will be able to advise you about how safe it is for you. your hospital doctor or specialist nurse should be able to arrange for you to see a dietician. some alternative therapy practitioners who promote diets like these say that conventional medicine does you more harm than any alternative treatment. it is true that conventional cancer treatments, such as radiotherapy and cancer drugs, damage normal cells. the damage causes side effects. but these treatments have been tested in strictly monitored trials and have been proven to kill cancer cells. the dose is carefully controlled. so they have been shown to cure or control cancer in some people. and your doctors will be very open with you about the side effects and drawbacks of any conventional cancer treatment they offer you. people who promote alternative diets often make claims that they will cleanse your body, stimulate your metabolism, boost your immune system and fight your cancer. yet there is no scientific evidence that any of this is true. in fact, some of the diets can be very harmful, especially if you are ill and already undernourished. rated 4 out of 5 based on 1 votes question about cancer? contact our information nurse team


black men today are more likely to receive a ged in prison than graduate from college. one in three black men, and one in six latino men, are projected to go to prison in their lifetimes. and african american and latino young men experience homicide rates that are 16 - and 5 - fold that of their white counterparts. there ’ s new hope that sacramento is responding to this crisis. one year ago california assemblymember sandre swanson created a special committee of legislators whose sole charge is to improve the life chances of these young men. the select committee on boys and men of color spent the past year traveling the state hearing from black and brown men — adolescents, men who have “ made it, ” and others who ’ ve turned their lives around. on wednesday the committee will present their findings and practical solutions. for us, this issue is personal. we each grew up in proud, hardworking families, but surrounded by poverty and desperation in our respective communities. despite the many gains realized in advancement and civil rights for people of color in our nation, it is clear that a sizable swath of black and brown young men are seriously in danger of remaining dislocated from the promise of opportunity in america. we understand now that successful, thriving young people aren ’ t born. they ’ re nurtured. the check - list to grow up includes caring adults, safe places to play, good schools and real job opportunities. yet many young people in california live in communities with concentrated poverty, under - resourced schools and unsafe streets. they are more likely to experience poor health, suffer from unemployment and lead shorter lives. this is especially true of young men of color - - african - americans, latinos, asians and native americans. if you ’ re lucky enough to move to a neighborhood with a grocery store, safe parks and good schools, your health will improve. in fact, tell us your zip code and we ’ ll tell you how long you ’ ll live. for example, residents in marin county have among the highest life expectancy in the nation while residents of imperial county have close to the lowest. not every family can pack up and move. nor should they. instead, we must create opportunities for young people where they live – where health and success happens. why focus on young men? teenage boys, regardless of race and ethnicity, are more likely than girls to take risks as they shape their masculinity and exert independence. however, the research shows that youthful mistakes made by young men of color are often


on young men? teenage boys, regardless of race and ethnicity, are more likely than girls to take risks as they shape their masculinity and exert independence. however, the research shows that youthful mistakes made by young men of color are often judged more severely and result in harsher punishment – both in schools and courtrooms. this year, we were surprised to learn that california suspends more than 400, 000 students annually. the majority of infractions are not related to weapons or drugs. the u. s. department of education found that young black men are suspended at disproportionately higher rates. harsh school discipline is often the first step that pushes young men out of school and into the juvenile justice system, and eventually prison. our state spends nearly five times more of its budget on inmates than k - 12 students. we ’ ve got it backwards. the good news is that efforts are taking shape to tackle the problem. school districts large and small, urban and rural, have recognized we need a new direction. they ’ re showing teachers how to prevent problems before they start. and when there is misbehavior, they ’ re holding students accountable and helping them learn from their mistakes — all while keeping them in school. students then stay on track for graduation, and a healthy productive life. and public private partnerships are launching to help boys and young men of color thrive. last year, george soros and mayor michael bloomberg launched a $ 127 million effort in new york to support young men of color. the california community foundation and the california endowment have joined a new statewide coalition — the alliance for boys and young men of color. the alliance includes young people, community organizations, and officials in education, public health and law enforcement. state legislators are already advancing policies that serve our young people. bills promoting a return to common sense school discipline will see a final vote in the senate in august. we cannot stop here. we must scale up our investments in boys and young men of color, expanding innovative approaches and identifying new ones. if we don ’ t, we risk losing a generation of young people who can contribute greatly to our society. we ’ ll all pay a steep price for that. policymakers have made smart choices before, helping california become a global leader in the 20th century. the time has come again to make tough decisions that will create a better future for all californians. the committee ’ s recommendations should be the start. ed ’ s note : antonia hernandez is the president and ceo of the california community foundation


the stresses of caregiving caring for an individual with alzheimer ' s disease or a related dementia can be challenging and, at times, overwhelming. frustration is a normal and valid emotional response to many of the difficulties of being a caregiver. while some irritation may be part of everyday life as a caregiver, feeling extreme frustration can have serious consequences for you or the person you care for. frustration and stress may negatively impact your physical health or cause you to be physically or verbally aggressive towards your loved one. if your caregiving situation is causing you extreme frustration or anger, you may want to explore some new techniques for coping. when you are frustrated, it is important to distinguish between what is and what is not within your power to change. frustration often arises out of trying to change an uncontrollable circumstance. as a caregiver of someone with dementia, you face many uncontrollable situations. normal daily activities — dressing, bathing and eating — may become sources of deep frustration for you. behaviors often associated with dementia, like wandering or asking questions repeatedly, can be frustrating for caregivers but are uncontrollable behaviors for people with dementia. unfortunately, you cannot simply change the behavior of a person suffering from dementia. when dealing with an uncontrollable circumstance, you do control one thing : how you respond to that circumstance. in order to respond without extreme frustration, you will need to : learn to recognize the warnings signs of frustration ; intervene to calm yourself down physically ; modify your thoughts in a way that reduces your stress ; learn to communicate assertively ; learn to ask for help. warning signs of frustration if you can recognize the warning signs of frustration, you can intervene and adjust your mood before you lose control. some of the common warning signs of frustration include : calming down physically when you become aware of the warning signs of frustration, you can intervene with an immediate activity to help you calm down. this gives you time to look at the situation more objectively and to choose how to respond in a more controlled way. when you feel yourself becoming frustrated, try counting from one to ten slowly and taking a few deep breaths. if you are able, take a brief walk or go to another room and collect your thoughts. it is better to leave the situation, even for a moment, than to lose control or react in a way you will regret. if you think someone may be offended when you leave the room, you can tell that person you need to go to the restroom. you can also try


situation, even for a moment, than to lose control or react in a way you will regret. if you think someone may be offended when you leave the room, you can tell that person you need to go to the restroom. you can also try calling a friend, praying, meditating, singing, listening to music or taking a bath. try experimenting with different responses to find out what works best for you and the person you care for. the regular practice of relaxation techniques can also help prepare you for frustrating circumstances. if possible, try the following relaxation exercise for at least ten minutes each day : sit in a comfortable position in a quiet place. take slow, deep breaths and relax the tension in your body. while you continue to take slow, deep breaths, you may want to imagine a safe and restful place and repeat a calming word or phrase. modifying your thoughts as you take time out to collect your thoughts, try rethinking your situation in ways that reduce frustration. how you think often affects how you feel. of course, feelings of frustration arise from difficult circumstances. if, however, you analyze your response to a frustrating situation, you will usually find some form of maladaptive — or negative — thinking that has the effect of increasing your frustration, preventing you from looking at your situation objectively, or finding a better way to deal with it. below are six major types of unhelpful thought patterns common among caregivers. following each unhelpful thought pattern is an example of an adaptive — or more helpful — thought that can be used as self - defense against frustration. familiarizing yourself with the unhelpful thought patterns and the adaptive responses can help you control your frustration. over - generalization : you take one negative situation or characteristic and multiply it. for example, you ' re getting ready to take the person in your care to a doctor ' s appointment when you discover the car battery has died. you then conclude, " this always happens ; something always goes wrong. " adaptive response : " this does not happen all the time. usually my car is working just fine. at times things don ' t happen the way i would like, but sometimes they do. " discounting the positive : you overlook the good things about your circumstances and yourself. for example, you might not allow yourself to feel good about caregiving by thinking, " i could do more " or " anyone could do what i do. " adaptive response : " caregiving is not easy. it takes courage, strength,


. for example, you might not allow yourself to feel good about caregiving by thinking, " i could do more " or " anyone could do what i do. " adaptive response : " caregiving is not easy. it takes courage, strength, and compassion to do what i do. i am not always perfect, but i do a lot and i am trying to be helpful. " jumping to conclusions : you reach a conclusion without having all the facts. you might do this in two ways : mindreading : we assume that others are thinking negative thoughts about us. for example, a friend doesn ' t return a phone call, and we assume that he or she is ignoring us or doesn ' t want to talk to us. adaptive response : " i don ' t know what my friend is thinking. for all i know, she didn ' t get the message. maybe she is busy or just forgot. if i want to know what she is thinking, i will have to ask her. " fortune - telling : you predict a negative outcome in the future. for example, you will not try adult day care because you assume the person in your care will not enjoy it. you think, " he will never do that. not a chance! " adaptive response : " i cannot predict the future. i don ' t think he is going to like it, but i won ' t know for sure unless i try. " " should " statements : you try to motivate yourself using statements such as " i should call mother more often " or " i shouldn ' t go to a movie because mom might need me. " what you think you " should " do is in conflict with what you want to do. you end up feeling guilty, depressed or frustrated. adaptive response : " i would like to go to a movie. it ' s okay for me to take a break from caregiving and enjoy myself. i will ask a friend or neighbor to check in on mom. " labeling : you identify yourself or other people with one characteristic or action. for example, you put off doing the laundry and think, " i am lazy. " adaptive response : " i am not lazy. sometimes i don ' t do as much as i could, but that doesn ' t mean i am lazy. i often work hard and do the best that i can. even i need a break sometimes. " personalizing : you take responsibility for a negative occurrence that is beyond your control. for example, you might blame yourself when the person in your


lazy. i often work hard and do the best that i can. even i need a break sometimes. " personalizing : you take responsibility for a negative occurrence that is beyond your control. for example, you might blame yourself when the person in your care requires hospitalization or placement in a facility. adaptive response : " mom ' s condition has gotten to the point where i can no longer take care of her myself. it is her condition and not my shortcomings that require her to be in a nursing home. " using the " triple - column technique " : unhelpful thought patterns are usually ingrained reactions or habits. to modify your negative thoughts, you will have to learn to recognize them, know why they are false, and talk back to them. one helpful way to practice using more adaptive thinking processes is to use the " triple - column technique. " draw two lines down the center of a piece of paper to divide the paper into thirds. when you are feeling frustrated, take a personal " time out " and write your negative thoughts in the first column. in the second column, try to identify the type of unhelpful pattern from the six examples above. in the third column, talk back to your negative thoughts with a more positive point of view. see below for examples. | ( caregiver burns dinner. ) " i can ' t do anything right! " | | i ' m not perfect, but nobody is perfect. sometimes i make mistakes, and sometimes i do things well. | ( caregiver has coffee with a friend and spouse has accident at home. ) " i ' m selfish and rotten! if i had been home, he wouldn ' t have fallen. " | | i ' m not selfish or rotten. i do a lot to take care of my husband, but i need to take care of myself as well. he might have fallen even if i had been home. | ( brother does not show up to take your dad to the doctor. ) " i knew i couldn ' t trust him. i should just do it myself next time. " | | jumping to conclusions ; should statements | | i don ' t know why he didn ' t come, but i need his help, so we ' ll have to find ways for him to share the burden of dad ' s care. good communication can reduce frustration by allowing you to express yourself while helping others to understand your limits and needs. assertive communication is different from passive or aggressive communication. when you communicate passively,


for him to share the burden of dad ' s care. good communication can reduce frustration by allowing you to express yourself while helping others to understand your limits and needs. assertive communication is different from passive or aggressive communication. when you communicate passively, you may be keeping your own needs and desires inside to avoid conflict with others. while this may seem easier on the surface, the long - term result may be that others feel they can push you around to get their way. when you communicate aggressively, you may be forcing your needs and desires onto others. while this allows you to express your feelings, aggressive communication generally makes others more defensive and less cooperative. when you communicate assertively, you express your own needs and desires while respecting the needs and desires of others. assertive communication allows both parties to engage in a dignified discussion about the issue at hand. keys to assertive communication are : - respecting your own feelings, needs and desires. - standing up for your feelings without shaming, degrading or humiliating the other person. - using " i " statements rather than " you " statements. for example, say, " i need a break " or " i would like to talk to you and work this out " instead of " you are irresponsible " or " you never help out! " - not using " should " statements. for example, say, " it ' s important to me that promises be kept, " instead of " you should keep your promise. " the critical step : asking for help you cannot take on all the responsibilities of caregiving by yourself. it is essential that you ask for and accept help. discuss your needs with family members and friends who might be willing to share caregiving responsibilities. people will not realize you need help if you do not explain your situation and ask for assistance. remember, you have the right to ask for help and express your needs. when to say " yes " don ' t be afraid to say " yes " if someone offers to help. say " yes " at the moment a person offers to help rather than saying " maybe " and waiting until you are in a fix. have a list handy of errands or tasks you need help with. keep in mind that people feel useful and gratified when they are able to help others. when to say " no " often, caregivers are pulled in multiple directions. in addition to the demands of caregiving, you may feel compelled to meet the demands of your immediate and extended family, your friends and your employer


to help others. when to say " no " often, caregivers are pulled in multiple directions. in addition to the demands of caregiving, you may feel compelled to meet the demands of your immediate and extended family, your friends and your employer. learn how to say " no " to the demands of others when you are overwhelmed or need a break. it is your right to say " no " to extra demands on your time without feeling guilty. learning effective communication techniques for dementia caregiving many families find it frustrating to communicate with a loved one who has dementia. the person with dementia may repeat questions over and over or mistake you for someone else. it is important to remember that the person with dementia cannot control behavior caused by their disease. they do not need to be corrected or grounded in " reality. " you can distract them or just agree with them as a way to reduce your frustration. it can be helpful, however, to learn more about dementia and effective communication techniques which will ease your frustration. for example, use simple, direct statements, and place yourself close when speaking to a person with a cognitive disorder. try not to argue about unimportant things such as what the date is. allow extra time to accomplish tasks such as dressing. remember, people with dementia often react more to our feelings than our words. finding ways to be calm can help you to gain cooperation. see fca ' s fact sheet : behavior management strategies ( dementia ) for more helpful strategies. self - care to prevent frustration caregiving can be tiring and stressful. when you ' re caring for others, it ' s easy to forget to care for yourself. while it may be difficult to find time to focus on yourself and your needs, it is very important that you do so to prevent frustration and burnout. fca ' s fact sheet : taking care of you : self - care for caregivers offers additional information. here are three steps to taking better care of you : make time for yourself you may feel guilty about needing or wanting time out for rest, socialization and fun. however, everyone deserves regular and ongoing breaks from work, including caregivers. " respite " providers can give you the opportunity to take the breaks you need. respite breaks may be provided by in - home help, adult day care, " friendly visitor " programs, friends and neighbors, or other means. the important point is to allow yourself to take a break from caregiving. see " resources " at the end of this fact sheet for


in - home help, adult day care, " friendly visitor " programs, friends and neighbors, or other means. the important point is to allow yourself to take a break from caregiving. see " resources " at the end of this fact sheet for organizations that might help you give yourself time off from caregiving. take care of yourself although caregiving may make it difficult to find time for yourself, it is important to eat well, exercise, get a good night ' s sleep and attend to your own medical needs. when you do not take care of yourself, you are prone to increased anxiety, depression, frustration and physical distress that will make it more difficult to continue providing care. seek outside support sharing your feelings with a counselor, pastor, a support group, or with another caregiver in a similar situation can be a great way to release stress and get helpful advice. you may want to contact the organizations under " resources " at the end of this fact sheet or look in the community services section at the front of the yellow pages, under " counseling " or " senior services " to find services to help you get some caregiver support. the fca fact sheet on community care options also offers information. burns, david d., m. d., ( 1980, 1999 ). feeling good : the new mood therapy, revised and updated edition, avon books, new york, ny. gallagher - thompson, d., rose, j., florsheim, m., gantz, f., jacome, p., del maestro, s., peters, l., arguello, d., johnson, c., moorehead, r. s., polich, t. m., chesney, m., thompson, l. w., ( 1992 ). controlling your frustration : a class for caregivers. palo alto, ca : department of veterans affairs medical center. parrish, monique, l. c. s. w., dr. ph., ( 2000 ). " stress : what is it? what can be done about it? " stress reduction instruction manual, written for john muir mount diablo medical center, concord, ca. family caregiver alliance national center on caregiving 785 market street, suite 750 san francisco, ca 94103 web site : www. caregiver. org e - mail : [ email protected ] family caregiver alliance ( fca ) seeks to improve the quality of life for caregivers through


street, suite 750 san francisco, ca 94103 web site : www. caregiver. org e - mail : [ email protected ] family caregiver alliance ( fca ) seeks to improve the quality of life for caregivers through education, services, research and advocacy. through its national center on caregiving, fca offers information on current social, public policy and caregiving issues and provides assistance in the development of public and private programs for caregivers. for residents of the greater san francisco bay area, fca provides direct support services for caregivers of those with alzheimer ' s disease, stroke, traumatic brain injury, parkinson ' s and other debilitating disorders that strike adults. family caregiver alliance fact sheet on behavior management strategies ( dementia ) family caregiver alliance fact sheet on hiring - in - home help family caregiver alliance fact sheet on taking care of you : self - care for family caregivers 225 n. michigan ave., ste. 1700 chicago, il 60601 - 7633 call to find your local area agency on aging and services for the elderly and caregivers, including respite care providers. national volunteer caregiving network call to find volunteer caregiving assistance. ( 877 ) 324 - 8411 ( toll - free ) arch national respite network and resource center - http : / / chtop. org / arch. html call to find local respite providers. prepared by family caregiver alliance. funded by the california department of mental health. ©2003 family caregiver alliance. all rights reserved. e - mail to a friend