by an independent assessor, the onamulunga garden project has achieved many of the intended results. various sites at the school have been prepared for crop agriculture using the latest conservation tilling methods for dry land crops and micro - drip irrigation for vegetables. the project coordinator is agriculture and life science teacher, johannes nelongo, who has provided inspirational leadership for 87 grade 9 and 10 students to put the theory they learn in the classroom in practice in the field, growing maize, sunflowers, cow peas, spinach, carrots, onions and other vegetables. they apply conservation furrowing and ripping, water saving techniques, mulching, application of organic and chemical fertilising, crop rotation and alternative growing methods. as such, the project provides learners with practical adaptation techniques. “ practical exercises make it easier for learners to interpret theoretical information. it thus gives them wisdom and insight and teaches them how to apply these methods at home, ” says nelongo. [ refer to the attached document for further details. ] the project has built adaptive capacity for almost ninety learners, with the intention that they take these skills forward and apply them in the decades to come. already a multiplier effect is noticeable in the children and teachers ’ home communities. the project focuses on establishing a strong foundation for the application of adaptation mechanisms in farming practices rather than creating dependency through aid. “ because the programme demonstrates tangible benefits for the communities involved, it is sustainable, ” says marie johansson from ces. “ it will continue even if donor support stops tomorrow. it is important to start with educating kids. young people, especially girls, pick the skills up quickly. from there on it is easier to integrate the community. later on, many kids will migrate to urban areas and unfortunately fall in the trap of unemployment. but with the skills they learn here, there is an alternative way to make a living off the two hectares or so near their homestead. in this way even small farmers can become commercial farmers. ” the project has been so successful that it has grabbed the attention of other schools. four nearby schools are interested and have been invited to participate. as such, onamulunga can become a centre of learning for the community. this is compounded by the multiplier effect already mentioned, with children introducing the new methods to their parents and villagers coming to the school to see the improved cropping system with their own eyes. “ as a school we need to involve communities and share the skills and knowledge that we have, ” says onamulu


children introducing the new methods to their parents and villagers coming to the school to see the improved cropping system with their own eyes. “ as a school we need to involve communities and share the skills and knowledge that we have, ” says onamulunga principal immanuel namupolo. “ now the community helps us to look after the project when the school is closed. we also give parents our surplus maize, so they can sell it. in doing so, the project reaches out to parents. we give them a role to play, so that they are involved in the process of adaptation. ” the experiment teaches children to adapt to a situation where fertile land and water are becoming increasingly scarce resources. but the initiative also has a wider effect within the surrounding communities, with children applying their newly acquired skills in the household farm setting. enthused by the onamulunga success story, parents and teachers have also started their own gardens. “ the proceeds from the garden save people a lot of money. sometimes you don ’ t even have to go to the market for a whole month, ” one teacher remarks. implementing agency and partnering organizations : onamulunga combined school ; creative entrepreneurs solutions ( ces ). other stakeholders include : the ministry of environment and tourism, the ministry of education, the ministry of fisheries, the ministry of agriculture, the namibia agronomic board, gef through its strategic priority on adaptation ( spa ) programme, undp ; small grants programme and all its delivery partners. the community - based adaptation programme ( cba ) is a five - year united nations development programme ( undp ) global initiative funded by the global environmental facility ( gef ). undp works with a number of partners including the united nations volunteers and the gef small grants programme ( sgp ). initial cba investments have been made in 20 communities in the northern parts of namibia ( i. e. omusati, oshana, ohangwena, oshikoto and kavango regions ). climate models suggest that these areas are particularly vulnerable and face significant climate change risks, both at present and in future. there are various community based adaptation projects in namibia. the particular project discussed here is implemented by an ngo called creative entrepreneurs solutions ( ces ) that applies cba measures through self - help groups. at the onamulunga combined school in the oshikoto region, grade 9 and 10 students receive practical lessons in how to implement improved farming methods for a future affected by climate change. through equipping the


measures through self - help groups. at the onamulunga combined school in the oshikoto region, grade 9 and 10 students receive practical lessons in how to implement improved farming methods for a future affected by climate change. through equipping the students with relevant agricultural adaptation skills, the pilot programme is designed to sow the seeds for uptake and wider spread of adaptation measures throughout the community. - outcome 1 : enhanced adaptive capacity allows communities to reduce their vulnerability to adverse impacts of future climate hazards. - outcome 2 : national policies and programmes promote replication of best practices derived from cba projects. - outcome 3 : cooperation among member countries promotes innovation in adaptation to climate change including variability. project status : under implementation primary beneficiaries : major stakeholders are : the onamulunga combined school ; creative entrepreneurs solutions ( ces ). primary beneficiaries are the grade 9 and 10 students, their families and the communities living within the pilot areas, as well as other schools in the wider area. undp / gef supported cba community based adaptation project pilot sites : university of namibia – ogongo campus : the sweet - stem sorghum researchsubmitted by andrea on mon, 2011 - 09 - 26 06 : 42 the community - based adaptation programme ( cba ) is a five - year united nations development programme ( undp ) global initiative funded by the global environmental facility ( gef ). undp works with a number of partners including the united nations volunteers and the gef small grants programme ( sgp ). initial cba investments have been made in 20 communities in the northern parts of namibia ( i. e. omusati, oshana, ohangwena, oshikoto and kavango regions ). climate models suggest these areas are particularly vulnerable and face significant climate change risks, both at present and in future. to facilitate uptake of cba strategies, one project focuses on research into sweet - stem sorghum varieties that are better suited to altered climatic conditions. the purpose is to cultivate one variety that is not only stronger, but also presents the ideal mix of multi - purpose applications, such as food, fodder / silage and sugar extract for ethanol ( biofuel ). the project pursues multifaceted objectives of food security, environmental sustainability and universal education. these objectives address the three millennium development goals ( mdgs ) 1, 2, and 7. now entering its final stage, the researchers are focusing on three remaining sorghum varieties. one


sustainable once the best variety is selected. first, future trials and subsequent cultivation of such a variety will provide evidence to support the hypothesis that multi - purpose crops can augment household income and sustainability on various levels and strengthen the climate change response, as well as other national development objectives. once successfully tested, the small - scale farmers will continue to plant or cultivate the best variety. [ refer to the attached document for further details. ] replicability is ensured by distributing the seeds of the successful variety across the northern regions for free, and subsequently at a subsidized price. the research also ties in with an africa - wide trial including countries like zambia and kenya. it could, therefore be replicated in other areas or on other crops. multi - disciplinary cooperation through icrisat, which is kept abreast of developments in ogongo, will aid this purpose. icrisat currently looks at multiplying the seeds of multi - purpose crops so that they do not become hybrid and infertile. namibia, as an advanced country, has the potential to serve as a replication model. the results of the trial can be shared with countries with similar climatic conditions, which could duplicate the outcomes. finally increased yields and income could facilitate further cultivation and initiate the long - awaited ‘ green revolution ’ in africa. an agreement over redd plus could further enhance agro forestry. the african drought risk and development network ( addn ) is a region - wide network for advocacy, capacity building and peer learning. it was initiated by the united nations development programme drylands development centre ( undp - ddc ) and un ’ s international strategy for disaster reduction ( isdr ) in 2005 with the aim to promote applied discussion and policy dialogue on key issues linking drought risk and development in africa. integrating climate change risks into water and flood management by vulnerable mountainous communities in the greater caucasus region of azerbaijan implementing agency and partnering organizations : ministry of ecology and natural resources to reduce vulnerability of the communities of the greater caucasus region of azerbaijan to water stress and hazards by improved water and flood management. windhoek, namibia : as climate change becomes more eminent, it is the vulnerable who are most affected. one of the worst affected areas is namibia - the driest country in sub - saharan africa. climate change projections for namibia forecast increased aridity and variable rainfall. implementing agency and partnering organizations : unhcr unhcr and its partners, including the chad government, are addressing the effects of climate change with programmes aimed at better management of dwindling water resources and at


forecast increased aridity and variable rainfall. implementing agency and partnering organizations : unhcr unhcr and its partners, including the chad government, are addressing the effects of climate change with programmes aimed at better management of dwindling water resources and at holding back desertification by planting trees in one of the driest and hottest countries on earth. senior information officer phone : + 41 22 739 86 57 mobile : + 41 79 200 76 17 project status : under implementation adapting national and transboundary water resource management in swaziland to manage expected climate changesubmitted by juliannebg on wed, 2010 - 06 - 23 05 : 17 implementing agency and partnering organizations : the goal of the project is to ensure that national and transboundary water resources management is adapted to the expected impact of climate change. the objective of the project is to promote the implementation of national and transboundary integrated water resource management that is sustainable and equitable given expected climate change. * * 1. * * promoting informed and inclusive national dialogue around water needs vulnerability to climate change and water allocation in swaziland among productive and domestic uses. * * 2. * * integrating climate risk management into the implementation of national policies and relevant to integrated water resource management. * * 3. * * informed negotiations on trans - boundary water resources management. * * 1. 1 * * information on community views on water needs and vulnerabilities to climate change. * * 1. 2 * * information dissemination to raise community awareness regarding climate change impacts and adaptation measures. * * 1. 3 * * policy analysis regarding climate change impacts on water and agriculture sectors. * * 1. 4 * * national platform to discuss bottom - up and top - down analysis. * * 1. 5 * * national policy dialogues to promote adoption of national water policy draft. * * 1. 6 * * knowledge products for policy makers to promote response options in water and agriculture sectors. * * 1. 7 * * partnership between met service and policy makers. * * 2. 1 * * guidelines and tools designed to take into account climate change. * * 2. 2 * * investment plans implemented by ministry of natural resources and energy and ministry of agriculture adjusted to take climate change risks into account. * * 3. 1 * * swaziland delegations to trans - boundary water resources management negotiations briefed on implications of climate change. * * 3. 2 * * dissemination of knowledge products on climate change impacts on trans - boundary water resources management and water allocation. regional technical advisor +


the first national communication preparation to unfccc, the program will build on and further enhance current technical knowledge and capacity for policy relevant vulnerability assessment. * * outcome 3. * * developing capacity for community based adaptation in a pilot river basin. the program will pilot climate change adaptation approaches by introducing the principles of community based adaptation ( cba ) in the context of agricultural practices, water management, food security, climate change related disaster risk management, particularly drought management, coastal development, natural resources management, data and information management. cba approaches will be established as important elements of vulnerability reduction and disaster management strategies. cba will build on and further develop local capacities and knowledge, including through better data and information management, to cope with climate risks and variability. cba options will be instrumental not only in formulating local coping and adaptation strategies, but also in situating them within wider development planning and debates by empowering local communities through their increased participation in local planning and decision making. by applying participatory methods, the program will bring together key stakeholders at the local level ( planners and decision makers, developers and investors, local communities and most vulnerable groups ) in the framework of public private partnership ( ppp ) to mobilize commitments and local resources in financing adaptation measures. * * outcome 4. * * mainstreaming climate risk reduction into the un programming framework. under this outcome, the program will establish the guiding principles as well as develop the technical guidelines for integrating climate change concerns into the “ one un ” programming. this will be done by using the undaf as the programmatic platform for mainstreaming adaptation within the un system. this approach will ensure the “ climate proofing ” of all multi - agency development assistance that is targeted to achieving the mdgs. tel : + 90 312 454 1192 fax : + 90 312 496 1463 regional project coordinator tel : + 90 312 454 1086 fax : + 90 312 496 1463 finance and administrative officer tel : + 90 312 454 1181 fax : + 90 312 496 1463 tel : + 90 312 454 1056 fax : + 90 312 496 1463


cholesterol test results ; ldl test results ; vldl test results ; hdl test results cholesterol is a soft, wax - like substance found in all parts of the body. your body needs a little bit of cholesterol to work properly. but too much cholesterol can clog your arteries and lead to heart disease. some cholesterol is considered good and some is considered bad. different blood tests can be done to individually measure each type of cholesterol. a total cholesterol test measures all types of cholesterol in your blood. the results of this test tells your doctor whether your cholesterol is too high. best : lower than 200 borderline high : 200 - 239 high : 240 and higher if your total cholesterol levels are high, your doctor will want to know your ldl cholesterol and hdl cholesterol levels before deciding whether you need treatment. knowing your ldl and hdl cholesterol levels will also help guide your doctor to choose the best drug for you. ldl ( bad ) cholesterol ldl stands for low - density lipoprotein. it ' s also sometimes called " bad " cholesterol. lipoproteins are made of fat and protein. they carry cholesterol, triglycerides, and other fats, called lipids, in the blood to various parts of the body. ldl can clog your arteries. your ldl level is what doctors watch most closely. you want your ldl to be low. too much ldl, commonly called " bad cholesterol, " is linked to cardiovascular disease. if it gets too high, you will need treatment. a healthy ldl level is one that falls in the best or near - best range. best : less than 100 mg / dl ( less than 70 mg / dl for persons with a history of heart disease or those at very high risk ) near best : 100 - 129 mg / dl borderline high : 130 - 159 mg / dl high : 160 - 189 mg / dl very high : 190 mg / dl and higher hdl ( good ) cholesterol hdl stands for high - density lipoprotein. it ' s also sometimes called " good " cholesterol. lipoproteins are made of fat and protein. they carry cholesterol, triglycerides, and other fats, called lipids, in the blood from other parts of your body to your liver. you want your hd


. lipoproteins are made of fat and protein. they carry cholesterol, triglycerides, and other fats, called lipids, in the blood from other parts of your body to your liver. you want your hdl cholesterol to be high. studies of both men and women have shown that the higher your hdl, the lower your risk of coronary artery disease. this is why hdl is sometimes referred to as " good " cholesterol. a healthy hdl level should be as follows : men : above 40 mg / dl women : above 50 mg / dl an hdl 60 mg / dl or above helps protect against heart disease. exercise helps raise your hdl cholesterol. vldl ( bad ) cholesterol vldl stands for very low density lipoprotein. there are three major types of lipoproteins. vldl contains the highest amount of triglycerides. vldl is considered a type of bad cholesterol, because it helps cholesterol build up on the walls of arteries. a normal vldl cholesterol level is between 5 and 40 mg / dl. sometimes, your cholesterol levels may be low enough that your doctor will not ask you to change your diet or take any medications. when your levels are high, your doctor must consider other factors before deciding whether your cholesterol levels are a concern and need treatment. gennest j, libby p. lipoprotein disorders and cardiovascular disease. in : bonow ro, mann dl, zipes dp, libby p, eds. braunwald ’ s heart disease : a textbook of cardiovascular medicine. 9th ed. philadelphia, pa : saunders elsevier ; 2011 : chap 47. a. d. a. m. health solutions, ebix, inc., editorial team : david zieve, md, mha, and bethanne black.


one deed reflects on another the torah describes how the people eagerly came to donate their prized possessions towards the building of the mishkan ( tabernacle ). " the men came with the women ; everyone whose heart motivated him brought bracelets, nose - rings, body ornaments - all sorts of gold ornaments - every man who raised up an offering of gold to god. " ( 1 ) the commentaries discuss the meaning of the phrase, " the men came with the women ". rabbeinu bechaye explains that the women in fact came first to donate their jewelry, and the men only came after them. this, he explains, demonstrates their righteousness in and of itself but it also reflects positively on an earlier incident involving jewelry - that of the golden calf. when the men demanded that aaron make for them a statue, he told them to remove the women ' s jewelry. however, the women refused to give over their jewelry so the men took their own gold and gave that towards the building of the calf. from the incident of the golden calf alone, it is unclear why the women refused to give their jewelry. it was possible that their main motivation was their natural attachment to their jewelry, as opposed to the pure motivation of refusal to be involved with the sin of the golden calf. however, in vayakhel we see that the women were very willing to donate their jewelry towards the elevated purpose of the building of the mishkan. this retroactively teaches us about the reason that they did not give their jewelry at the golden calf. it was not because of their attachment to gold and silver, because that did not prevent the women from parting with them for the sake of the mishkan. rather, their refusal to give towards the golden calf emanated from leshem shamayim ( pure ) motives - they wanted no part in that terrible sin. ( 2 ) rav avraham pam derives a very important concept from this explanation. it is known in hebrew as ' maasim shel adam mochichim zeh et zeh '. this means that the actions of a person in one area can reveal something about his actions in another area. in this case, the women ' s willingness to part with their jewelry for the mishkan revealed their pure intentions when refusing to do so for the golden calf. we see another example of this concept with regards to one of the names given to the third meal that is eaten on shabbos : shalosh seudas - this literally means,


pure intentions when refusing to do so for the golden calf. we see another example of this concept with regards to one of the names given to the third meal that is eaten on shabbos : shalosh seudas - this literally means, ' three meals '. this is a very strange name to give the third meal, it would be more appropriate to only use its other name - seudah shelishis. why is this meal also known as ' three meals '? the answer is that the way a person conducts himself at the third meal reflects retroactively on his intentions during the first two shabbat meals. there are two possible reasons as to why a person would eat well at the first two shabbat meals : it could be because of his pure desire to honor the shabbat by eating delicious food, or it could emanate from his hunger and desire to eat well, because both those meals come at a time when a person is normally hungry and ready to eat well. however, the third meal comes quite soon after shabbat lunch, therefore a person ' s natural hunger will not be high. if he refrains from eating at the third meal despite the fact that it is a mitzvah to eat then, he retroactively shows that his main kavannah ( intention ) for the first two meals was to fill his stomach more than honor the shabbat! if, however, he does partake in a delicious meal he demonstrates that his intentions are for the honor of shabbat, for if it were not shabbat he would otherwise eat far less or nothing at all. accordingly, by eating the third meal he retroactively demonstrates his intent for the first two, and at this point it is clear that he ate all three meals with pure intentions. therefore, the third meal merits the name, ' three meals ' because, for one who eats the third meal, it is considered as if he ate all three meals with pure intent. ( 3 ) this concept of ' maasim shel adam mochichim zeh es zeh ' is of great importance because it is a very effective mechanism in judging the consistency of people ' s actions. this idea is brought out by the beis halevi, rabbi yosef dov soloveitchik, ( 4 ) on vayigash. when joseph revealed himself to his brothers he asked them the question ; " is my father still alive? " ( 5 ) when the brothers heard this, they were completely


actions in spending money for his own enjoyment reflects badly on his spending of money for the mitzvah of giving charity. in this vein, the chaftez chaim once berated a wealthy man for giving insufficient funds to charity. the man answered that he did indeed give away a significant amount. the chafetz chaim then worked out the amount of money he gave to charity and compared it to his expenses on his own luxuries. it came out that the man spent more money on his drapery alone than on all the charity that he gave! we have discussed the concept of ' maasim shel adam mochichim zeh et zeh ' and seen its great significance in the process of judgment. the obvious lesson to be derived from this concept, is that it is essential that a person analyze the consistency of his actions. for example, a person who claims that he does not have enough time to learn will have to justify his failure to learn on the day of judgment. if it becomes clear that he did have enough time for many other types of activities then his claim that he did not have enough time to learn will be put in serious jeopardy. his actions in other areas show that in truth it wasn ' t because he did not have enough time to learn rather that it was a very low priority in his list of importance. it would be much less disconcerting if we can make our own self - analysis of such inconsistencies and fix them before the day of judgment. may we all merit to achieve consistency in all our actions. 1. shemot, 35 : 22. 2. rabbeinu bechaye, shemot, 35 : 22. 3. heard from rav yisroel reisman. 4. he was the father of reb chaim soloveitchik, and grandfather of the brisker rav, rav yitzchak zev soloveitchik. 5. bereishit, 45 : 3. 6. bereishit rabbah, 93 : 10.


ki tisa ( exodus 30 : 11 - 34 : 35 ) two types of religious encounter framing the epic events of this week ' s torah portion are two objects - the two sets of tablets, the first given before, the second after, the sin of the golden calf. of the first, we read : the tablets were the work of god ; the writing was the writing of god, engraved on the tablets. these were perhaps the holiest object in history : from beginning to end, the work of god. yet within hours they lay shattered, broken by moses when he saw the calf and the israelites dancing around it. the second tablets, brought down by moses on the tenth of tishri, were the result of his prolonged plea to god to forgive the people. this is the historic event that lies behind yom kippur ( tenth of tishri ), the day marked in perpetuity as a time of favour, forgiveness and reconciliation between god and the jewish people. the second tablets were different in one respect. they were not wholly the work of god : carve out two stone tablets like the first ones, and i will write on them the words that were on the first tablets, which you broke. hence the paradox : the first tablets, made by god, did not remain intact. the second tablets, the joint work of god and moses, did. surely the opposite should have been true : the greater the holiness, the more eternal. why was the more holy object broken while the less holy stayed whole? this is not, as it might seem, a question specific to the tablets. it is, in fact, a powerful example of a fundamental principle in jewish spirituality. the jewish mystics distinguished between two types of divine - human encounter. they called them itaruta de - l ' eylah and itaruta deletata, respectively " an awakening from above " and " an awakening from below. " the first is initiated by god, the second by mankind. an " awakening from above " is spectacular, supernatural, an event that bursts through the chains of causality that at other times bind the natural world. an " awakening from below " has no such grandeur. it is a gesture that is human, all too human. yet there is another difference between them, in the opposite direction. an " awakening from above " may change nature, but it does not, in and of itself, change human nature. in it, no human effort has been expended. those to whom it happens are


between them, in the opposite direction. an " awakening from above " may change nature, but it does not, in and of itself, change human nature. in it, no human effort has been expended. those to whom it happens are passive. while it lasts, it is overwhelming ; but only while it lasts. thereafter, people revert to what they were. an " awakening from below ", by contrast, leaves a permanent mark. because human beings have taken the initiative, something in them changes. their horizons of possibility have been expanded. they now know they are capable of great things, and because they did so once, they are aware that they can do so again. an awakening from above temporarily transforms the external world ; an awakening from below permanently transforms our internal world. the first changes the universe ; the second changes us. two examples. the first : before and after the division of the red sea, the israelites were confronted by enemies : before, by the egyptians, after by the amalekites. the difference is total. before the red sea, the israelites were commanded to do nothing : stand still and you will see the deliverance god will bring you today... god will fight for you ; you need only be still. ( 14 : 13 - 14 ). facing the amalekites, however, the israelites themselves had to fight : moses said to joshua, ' choose men and go out and fight the amalekites ( 17 : 9 ). the first was an " awakening from above ", the second an " awakening from below. " the difference was palpable. within three days after the division of the sea, the greatest of all miracles, the israelites began complaining again ( no water, no food ). but after the war against the amalekites, the israelites never again complained when facing conflict ( the sole exception - when the spies returned and the people lost heart - was when they relied on hearsay testimony, not on the immediate prospect of battle itself ). the battles fought for us do not change us ; the battles we fight, do. the second example : mount sinai and the tabernacle. the torah speaks about these two revelations of " god ' s glory " in almost identical terms : the glory of god settled on mount sinai. for six days the cloud covered the mountain, and on the seventh day god called to moses from within the cloud. then the cloud covered the tent of meeting, and the glory of god filled the tab


: the glory of god settled on mount sinai. for six days the cloud covered the mountain, and on the seventh day god called to moses from within the cloud. then the cloud covered the tent of meeting, and the glory of god filled the tabernacle. the difference between them was that the sanctity of mount sinai was momentary, while that of the tabernacle was permanent ( at least, until the temple was built, centuries later ). the revelation at sinai was an " awakening from above ". it was initiated by god. so overwhelming was it that the people said to moses, " let god not speak to us any more, for if he does, we will die " ( 20 : 16 ). by contrast, the tabernacle involved human labour. the israelites made it ; they prepared the structured space the divine presence would eventually fill. forty days after the revelation at sinai, the israelites made a golden calf. but after constructing the sanctuary they made no more idols - at least until they entered the land. that is the difference between the things that are done for us and the things we have a share in doing ourselves. the former change us for a moment, the latter for a lifetime. there was one other difference between the first tablets and the second. according to tradition, when moses was given the first tablets, he was given only torah shebikhtav, the " written torah ". at the time of the second tablets, he was given torah she - be ' al peh, the oral torah as well : " r. jochanan said : god made a covenant with israel only for the sake of the oral law, as it says : " for by the mouth of these words i have made a covenant with you and with israel " ( ex. 34 : 27 ). the difference between the written and oral torah is profound. the first is the word of god, with no human contribution. the second is a partnership - the word of god as interpreted by the mind of man. the following are two of several remarkable passages to this effect : r. judah said in the name of shmuel : three thousand traditional laws were forgotten during the period of mourning for moses. they said to joshua : " ask " ( through ruach hakodesh, the holy spirit ). joshua replied, " it is not in heaven. " they said to samuel, " ask. " he replied, " these are the commandments - implying that no prophet has the right to introduce anything new


labeling and rating systems an interpretation of the library bill of rights libraries do not advocate the ideas found in their collections or in resources accessible through the library. the presence of books and other resources in a library does not indicate endorsement of their contents by the library. likewise, providing access to digital information does not indicate endorsement or approval of that information by the library. labeling and rating systems present distinct challenges to these intellectual freedom principles. labels on library materials may be viewpoint - neutral directional aids designed to save the time of users, or they may be attempts to prejudice or discourage users or restrict their access to materials. when labeling is an attempt to prejudice attitudes, it is a censor ’ s tool. the american library association opposes labeling as a means of predisposing people ’ s attitudes toward library materials. prejudicial labels are designed to restrict access, based on a value judgment that the content, language, or themes of the material, or the background or views of the creator ( s ) of the material, render it inappropriate or offensive for all or certain groups of users. the prejudicial label is used to warn, discourage, or prohibit users or certain groups of users from accessing the material. such labels sometimes are used to place materials in restricted locations where access depends on staff intervention. viewpoint - neutral directional aids facilitate access by making it easier for users to locate materials. the materials are housed on open shelves and are equally accessible to all users, who may choose to consult or ignore the directional aids at their own discretion. directional aids can have the effect of prejudicial labels when their implementation becomes proscriptive rather than descriptive. when directional aids are used to forbid access or to suggest moral or doctrinal endorsement, the effect is the same as prejudicial labeling. many organizations use rating systems as a means of advising either their members or the general public regarding the organizations ’ opinions of the contents and suitability or appropriate age for use of certain books, films, recordings, web sites, games, or other materials. the adoption, enforcement, or endorsement of any of these rating systems by a library violates the library bill of rights. when requested, librarians should provide information about rating systems equitably, regardless of viewpoint. adopting such systems into law or library policy may be unconstitutional. if labeling or rating systems are mandated by law, the library should seek legal advice regarding the law ’ s applicability to library operations. libraries sometimes acquire resources that include ratings as part of their packaging. librarians should not


although tunisia has enacted several laws pertaining to environmental protection, enforcement of environmental legislation has not been consistent until recently, due both to the lack of staff and resources. in addition, the legal instruments available in the past were not highly effective. the creation of the national environmental protection agency ( anpe ) in 1988, however, led to the development of a national action plan for the environment ( nape ), which attempts to draw together existing environmental legislation and programs and to provide a strategy for natural resource conservation, pollution control and land - use management. to that end, article 8 of air pollution and noise emissions law no. 88 - 91 dictates that any industrial, agricultural or commercial establishment as well as any individual or corporate entity carrying out activity that may cause pollution to the environment, is obliged to eliminate or to reduce discharges and, eventually, to recycle rejected matter. the anpe may initiate legal proceedings against violators or reach a compromise with the polluting entity. legislation pertaining to environmental protection includes the wildlife protection law no. 88 - 20 ; the water pollution law no. 75 - 16 ; and the marine pollution law no. 75 - 16. in addition, tunisia is a member of iso. in june, 1997, the technical committee for the elaboration of standards adopted the iso 14, 000 series relating to industrial atmospheric emission standards. tunisia has entered into several international conventions and agreements dealing with environmental problems and aspects, including : - convention of the prohibition of the development, production and stockpiling of bacteriological ( biological ) and toxin weapons, and on their destruction ; - convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora ; - convention for the protection of the mediterranean sea against pollution ; - treaty banning nuclear weapon tests in the atmosphere, in outer space and under water ; and - international convention relating to intervention on the high seas in cases of oil pollution casualties.


the word “ hermeneutic ” is often used to refer to a method or style of interpretation commonly associated with the interpretation of scripture. no doubt there are any number of hermeneutical methods a person can use when approaching scripture : hermeneutic of rationalism, historical critical method, hermeneutic of trust, etc. any person can, regardless of personal belief, approach scripture using any hermeneutic they see fit to use. however, not ever hermeneutic is equal and not ever hermeneutic is useful in fostering spiritual growth and developing a deeper relationship with christ. the catholic church has never accepted many of the modern critical methods and hermeneutics used in biblical interpretation and biblical criticism in their totality ; she has found them time and time again useful but inadequate in being able to give a complete interpretation of scripture, for it is that each has their own pitfalls and stumbling blocks, which more often results in an emptying of meaning from scripture than in a richer understanding of scripture. many of these modern critical methods fall under what scholars have named a hermeneutic of suspicion. in short, a hermeneutic of suspicion operates from the mindset that scripture cannot be trusted in its current form. that the modern mind cannot and does not have access to the meaning of scripture without first running it through certain textual and analytical filters. a hermeneutic of suspicion encourages the reader to suspect the credibility of scripture and those who interpret scripture operating from a different hermeneutic. a hermeneutic of suspicion stands contrary to what dei verbum, the document from vatican ii on divine revelation, states : “ holy mother church has firmly and with absolute constancy held, and continues to hold, that the four gospels just named, whose historical character the church unhesitatingly asserts, faithfully hand on what jesus christ, while living among men, really did and taught for their eternal salvation... the sacred authors wrote the four gospels... told us the honest truth about jesus. for their intention in writing was that either from their own memory and recollections, or from the witness of those who “ themselves from the beginning were eyewitnesses and ministers of the word ” we might know “ the truth ” concerning those matters about which we have been instructed ( § 19 ). " the vatican ii document even stands in union with pope benedict ’ s xvi ’ s utterance of “ i trust the gospels ” in his recent book jesus of nazareth ( xx


” concerning those matters about which we have been instructed ( § 19 ). " the vatican ii document even stands in union with pope benedict ’ s xvi ’ s utterance of “ i trust the gospels ” in his recent book jesus of nazareth ( xxi ). in other words, both vatican ii and pope benedict xvi are promoting and encouraging faithful readers of scripture to approach the text first with a hermeneutic of trust. something the church has always encouraged, as it states in psalm 4 to " put your trust in the lord " ( rsvce ). further, it often benefits the believer to first believe and trust scripture so that later the believer might understand what it is he or she believes. saint augustine said it best when he preached in a sermon : “ i believe, in order to understand ; and i understand, the better to believe ” ( ccc 158 ). in the early church, biblical interpretation was done differently than how it is done in most present day critical settings. it is not that the early church was uncritical in their approach to scripture, it was that the early church was critical about scripture in a different manner than most modern critical methods. the ancient method included and exemplified a hermeneutic of trust, and interpretation was done according to the rule of faith ( the creed ). the historical critical method and other hermeneutics of suspicion do not acknowledge the rule of faith when interpreting scripture. the early church sought christ in scripture and were less concerned with authorship of the gospels, the dates the texts were written and under what political hermeneutic the gospel writers wrote, because the early church trusted the texts and those who vouched for the authenticity of those texts. unfortunately, the hermeneutic of suspicion is a method firmly entrenched in the minds of many scholars, students, church goers and the american public mind. it is a methodology taught and widely used in universities of both secular and religious natures, high school, and in bible studies of nearly ever denomination. priests and deacons even preach the hermeneutic of suspicion from the pulpit at sunday mass. to the unbeliever, a hermeneutic of trust is an unacceptable mode of operation towards scripture. but what about the believer? what happens to a believer who uses solely a hermeneutic of suspicion when reading scripture? how do you engage a believing catholic in dialogue who approaches scripture with a hermeneutic of suspicion? what do we do with these suspicious believers? there are three basic approaches


believer who uses solely a hermeneutic of suspicion when reading scripture? how do you engage a believing catholic in dialogue who approaches scripture with a hermeneutic of suspicion? what do we do with these suspicious believers? there are three basic approaches in speaking with a believing catholic who operates from a hermeneutic of suspicion. the first approach is direct and can be summed up in saying “ because the church says so. ” the other two approaches are geared more at demonstrating that the believing catholic who approaches scripture with suspicion often approaches scripture with faulty logic. the first approach “ because the church says so. ” is and should be a sufficient reason as to why a catholic should approach scripture with trust. though it is a sufficient reason it is not an adequate answer for the suspicious believer, and this approach is often best saved for a person who is trying to follow the church ’ s teachings to the letter, but those people usually already trust scripture and the church. too often a person who is already suspicious of scripture will stop listening if they encounter the ‘ because the church says so ” answer because by virtue of not trusting scripture this leads the suspicious believer to an inability to trust the party, namely the church, who vouches for the accuracy of scripture. in other words, to not trust scripture is to not trust the church and is akin to saying that the church herself is untruthful and untrustworthy. this second approach aims at showing the suspicious believer that believing in christ, his church, and approaching scripture with suspicion does not follow logically if a person is trying to grow in holiness. one of the goals of every believer is to grow closer to christ. some saints would even say the christian is to have the same mind as christ. undoubtedly the suspicious believer will agree that the christian is supposed to grow closer to god and christ. they will also normally agree that scripture is a good means to grow closer in their relationship with christ. this is where their logic begins to falter. one can begin by asking “ what kind of relationship can you have with another person if you are always and already suspicious of the other person? ” i have never met anyone who, when asked this question, has replied, “ strong and healthy ” to the kind of relationship that can be had when entered into with suspicion. this is because a strong and healthy relationship cannot be built upon suspicion. the relationship nurtured on suspicion is a relationship that is strained, tense, stressed and worrisome. it is like the wife who perpetually believes her


into with suspicion. this is because a strong and healthy relationship cannot be built upon suspicion. the relationship nurtured on suspicion is a relationship that is strained, tense, stressed and worrisome. it is like the wife who perpetually believes her husband is having an affair and is in bed with everyone except herself. to live in a relationship built upon suspicion is unhealthy in many areas of a person ’ s life and will likely end in a separation of the two parties because suspicion does not foster the growth of a close relationship. as it is, scripture reiterates the point that it is necessary to trust god and that to not trust god, his word and those who speak on his behalf results in disaster : e. g. " because you did not trust in me, to show my holiness before the eyes of the israelites, therefore you shall not bring this assembly into the land that i have given them " ( rsvce, num. 20 : 21 ) the third approach also explores how the logic of the suspicious believer is fickle. no doubt, the suspicious believer will also normally agree that every believer can grow closer to god and christ by conversing with scripture. here their logic falters again. like with relationships, the question arises, “ what kind of conversation can a person enter into with another person when one is already suspicious of the other person and one is suspect of the conversation that will follow before the conversation even begins? ” i asked this very question to a group of graduate students in theology, and it was unanimous ; they all agreed that to enter into a conversation with suspicion is to have a conversation that is hindered, hard going, awkward, embarrassing, and sometimes the whole conversation is dismissed. the students even shared personal stories of calls home and parents suspecting that their child was calling only to ask for money and how the suspicion of the parent not only hindered the conversation but also resulted in the child feeling insulted and betrayed because their parents did not trust them. when asked how a person should enter into a conversation, the students did not hesitate to chime in : “ open minded ” “ non - judgmental ”, and “ tolerant of their views ”, were just a few of their responses. yet, when i applied the same question to scripture : “ what kind of conversation can we have with scripture if we enter into that conversation already suspicious of that conversation we are about to have? ” some of the students held that the bible was exempt from the above approach. as it was,


to scripture : “ what kind of conversation can we have with scripture if we enter into that conversation already suspicious of that conversation we are about to have? ” some of the students held that the bible was exempt from the above approach. as it was, many of these students had scripture professors who approached scripture with suspicion and had passed on that suspicion to their students. so it was no surprise that the rules changed when applied to scripture. this was a problem. for by being unable to converse freely, fully, and openly with scripture and being only able to approach scripture with suspicion turns scripture into a kind of supermarket tabloid fit with aliens, biblical doomsday prophecy, and bigfoot ’ s baby. scripture becomes a book of hearsay akin to hearing a story from a friend who heard it from a friend who knows a fellow who says it ’ s true. further by conversing suspiciously with scripture, scripture resembles a fisherman ’ s story about the ‘ big one ’ that got away. where on the fisher ’ s first telling, the fish is a reasonable size about ‘ ye big ’ as he would demonstrate with his hands spread apart. while on the fisher ’ s last telling of the story, the fisher, equipped only with a rod and reel in a 8 - foot skiff, with his wits alone to protect him, fights moby dick himself long through the night and into the wee hours of the morning until the fish finally tires and surfaces next to the vessel in time only for the fisher ’ s line or pole to break before a net sizable enough can be reached, and all the while his camera, on the other side of the boat, cannot be reached in time to document the story that is, only after exaggeration and misinformation have been stripped away can the real meaning be determined. this is a take on scripture highly contrary from the recommendations of vatican ii, the holy father and is different from how the saints conversed with scripture. finally, to approach scripture with suspicion is to, by default, approach other parts of the doctrines of faith with the same suspicion, for much of catholic theology is derived from scripture. as mentioned earlier, to operate from a hermeneutic of suspicion is to be suspicious of not only scripture but also the church who vouches for it. furthermore to not trust scripture means that one does not trust the inspiration or the person whom inspired the holy texts : the holy spirit. we know that wherever one person of the trinity is present so are the other two and every act of god is always tri


science fair project encyclopedia cryonics is the practice of preserving organisms, or at least their brains, for possible future revival by storing them at cryogenic temperatures where metabolism and decay are almost completely stopped. an organism held in such a state ( either frozen or vitrified ) is said to be cryopreserved. barring social disruptions, cryonicists believe that a perfectly vitrified person can be expected to remain physically viable for at least 30, 000 years, after which time cosmic ray damage is thought to be irreparable. many scientists in the field, most notably ralph merkle and brian wowk, hold that molecular nanotechnology has the potential to extend even this limit many times over. to its detractors, the justification for cryonics is unclear, given the primitive state of preservation technology. advocates counter that even a slim chance of revival is better than no chance. in the future, they speculate, not only will conventional health services be improved, but they will also quite likely have expanded even to the conquering of old age itself ( see links at the bottom ). therefore, if one could preserve one ' s body ( or at least the contents of one ' s mind ) for, say, another hundred years, one might well be resuscitated and live indefinitely long. but critics of the field contend that, while an interesting technical idea, cryonics is currently little more than a pipedream, that current " patients " will never be successfully revived, and that decades of research, at least, must occur before cryonics is to be a legitimate field with any hope of success. probably the most famous cryopreserved patient is ted williams. the popular urban legend that walt disney was cryopreserved is false ; he was cremated, and interred at forest lawn memorial park cemetery. robert heinlein, who wrote enthusiastically of the concept, was cremated and his ashes distributed over the pacific ocean. timothy leary was a long - time cryonics advocate, and signed up with a major cryonics provider. he changed his mind, however, shortly before his death, and so was not cryopreserved. obstacles to success damage from ice formation cryonics has traditionally been dismissed by mainstream cryobiology, of which it is arguably a part. the reason generally given for this dismissal is that the freezing process creates ice crystals, which damage cells and cellular structures — a condition sometimes called " whole body freezer burn " — so as to render any future repair impossible


which it is arguably a part. the reason generally given for this dismissal is that the freezing process creates ice crystals, which damage cells and cellular structures — a condition sometimes called " whole body freezer burn " — so as to render any future repair impossible. cryonicists have long argued, however, that the extent of this damage was greatly exaggerated by the critics, presuming that some reasonable attempt is made to perfuse the body with cryoprotectant chemicals ( traditionally glycerol ) that inhibit ice crystal formation. according to cryonicists, however, the freezer burn objection became moot around the turn of the millennium, when cryobiologists greg fahy and brian wowk, of twenty - first century medicine developed major improvements in cryopreservation technology, including new cryoprotectants and new cryoprotectant solutions, that greatly improved the feasibility of eliminating ice crystal formation entirely, allowing vitrification ( preservation in a glassy rather than frozen state ). in a glass, the molecules do not rearrange themselves into grainy ice crystals as the solution cools, but instead become locked together while still randomly arranged as in a fluid, forming a " solid liquid " as the temperature falls below the glass transition temperature. alcor life extension foundation, the world ' s largest cryonics provider, has since been using these cryoprotectants, along with a new, faster cooling method, to vitrify whole human brains. they continue to use the less effective glycerol - based freezing for patients who opt to have their whole bodies preserved, since vitrification of an entire body is beyond current technical capabilities. the only other full - service cryonics provider in the world, the cryonics institute, is currently testing its own vitrification solution. current solutions being used for vitrification are stable enough to avoid crystallization even when a vitrified brain is warmed up. this has recently allowed brains to be vitrified, warmed back up, and examined for ice damage using light and electron microscopy. no ice crystal damage was found. however, if the circulation of the brain is compromised, protective chemicals may not be able to reach all parts of the brain, and freezing may occur either during cooling or during warming. cryonicists argue, however, that injury caused during cooling can be repaired before the vitrified brain is warmed back up, and that damage during rewarming can be prevented by adding more cryoprotectant in


cooling or during warming. cryonicists argue, however, that injury caused during cooling can be repaired before the vitrified brain is warmed back up, and that damage during rewarming can be prevented by adding more cryoprotectant in the solid state, or by improving rewarming methods. some critics have speculated that because a cryonics patient has been declared legally dead, their organs are dead, and thus unable to allow cryoprotectants to reach the majority of cells. cryonicists respond that it has been empirically demonstrated that, so long as the cryopreservation process begins immediately after legal death is declared, the individual organs ( and perhaps even the patient as a whole ) remain biologically alive, and vitrification ( particularly of the brain ) is quite feasible. critics have often quipped that it is easier to revive a corpse than a cryonically frozen body. many cryonicists might actually agree with this, provided that the " corpse " were fresh, but they would argue that such a " corpse " may actually be biologically alive, under optimal conditions. a declaration of legal death does not mean that life has suddenly ended — death is a gradual process, not a sudden event. rather, legal death is a declaration by medical personnel that there is nothing more they can do to save the patient. but if the body is clearly biologically dead, having been sitting at room temperature for a period of time, or having been traditionally embalmed, then cryonicists would hold that such a body is far less revivable than a cryonically preserved patient, since any process of resuscitation will depend on the quality of the structural and molecular preservation of the brain, which is largely destroyed by ischemic damage ( from lack of blood flow ) within minutes or hours of cardiac arrest, if the body is left to sit at room temperature. traditional embalming also largely destroys this crucial neurological structure. cryonicists would also point out that the definitions of " death " and " corpse " currently in use may change with future medical advances, just as they have changed in the past, and so they generally reject the idea that they are trying to " raise the dead ", viewing their procedures instead as highly experimental medical procedures, whose efficacy is yet to be either demonstrated or refuted. some also suggest that if technology is developed that allows mind transfer, revival of the frozen brain might not even be required ; the mind of the patient could instead be " uploaded " into an entirely


whose efficacy is yet to be either demonstrated or refuted. some also suggest that if technology is developed that allows mind transfer, revival of the frozen brain might not even be required ; the mind of the patient could instead be " uploaded " into an entirely new substrate. the biggest drawback to current vitrification practice is a costs issue. because the only really cost - effective means of storing a cryopreserved person is in liquid nitrogen, possibly large - scale fracturing of the brain occurs, a result of cooling to −196°c, the temperature of liquid nitrogen. fracture - free vitrification would require inexpensive storage at a temperature significantly below the glass transition temperature of about −125°c, but high enough to avoid fracturing ( −150°c is about right ). alcor is currently developing such a storage system. alcor believes, however, that even before such a storage system is developed, the current vitrification method is far superior to traditional glycerol - based freezing, since the fractures are very clean breaks that occur even with traditional glycerol cryoprotection, and the loss of neurological structure is still less than that caused by ice formation, by orders of magnitude. while cryopreservation arrangements can be expensive ( currently ranging from $ 28, 000 to $ 150, 000 ), most cryonicists pay for it with life insurance. the elderly, and others who may be uninsurable for health reasons, will often pay for the procedure through their estate. others simply invest their money over a period of years, accepting the risk that they might die in the meantime. all in all, cryonics is actually quite affordable for the vast majority of those in the industrialized world who really want it, especially if they make arrangements while still young. even assuming perfect cryopreservation techniques, many cryonicists would still regard eventual revival as a long shot. in addition to the many technical hurdles that remain, the likelihood of obtaining a good cryopreservation is not very high because of logistical problems. the likelihood of the continuity of cryonics organizations as businesses, and the threat of legislative interference in the practice, don ' t help the odds either. most cryonicists, therefore, regard their cryopreservation arrangements as a kind of medical insurance — not certain to keep them alive, but better than no chance at all and still a rational gamble to take. brain vs. whole - body cryopreservation during the 1980s,


cryopreservation arrangements as a kind of medical insurance — not certain to keep them alive, but better than no chance at all and still a rational gamble to take. brain vs. whole - body cryopreservation during the 1980s, the problems associated with crystallization were becoming better appreciated, and the emphasis shifted from whole body to brain - only or " neuropreservation ", on the assumption that the rest of the body could be regrown, perhaps by cloning of the person ' s dna or by using embryonic stem cell technology. the main goal now seems to be to preserve the information contained in the structure of the brain, on which memory and personal identity depends. available scientific and medical evidence suggests that the mechanical structure of the brain is wholly responsible for personal identity and memories ( for instance, spinal cord injury victims, organ transplant patients, and amputees appear to retain their personal identity and memories ). damage caused by freezing and fracturing is thought to be potentially repairable in the future, using nanotechnology, which will enable the manipulation of matter at the molecular level. to critics, this appears a kind of futuristic deus ex machina, but while the engineering details remain speculative, the rapidity of scientific advances over the past century, and more recently in the field of nanotechnology itself, suggest to some that there may be no insurmountable problems. and the cryopreserved patient can wait a long time. with the advent of vitrification, the importance of nanotechnology to the cryonics movement may begin to decrease. some critics, and even some cryonicists, question this emphasis on the brain, arguing that during neuropreservation some information about the body ' s phenotype will be lost and the new body may feel " unwanted ", and that in case of brain damage the body may serve as a crude backup, helping restore indirectly some of the memories. partly for this reason, the cryonics institute preserves only whole bodies. some proponents of neuropreservation agree with these concerns, but still feel that lower costs and better brain preservation justify preserving only the brain. historically, cryonics began in 1962 with the publication of the prospect of immortality by robert ettinger. in the 1970s, the damage caused by crystallization was not well understood. two early organizations went bankrupt, allowing their patients to thaw out, bringing the matter to the public eye, at which point the problem with cellular damage became more well known and the


science fair project encyclopedia trier ( french : treves ), is germany ' s oldest city. it is situated on the western bank of the moselle river in a valley between low vine - covered hills of ruddy sandstone. it is located in the state of rhineland - palatinate near the german border with luxembourg. trier had around 100, 000 inhabitants at the end of 2002. there is also an important wine - growing - region nearby : mosel - saar - ruwer. the romans under julius caesar subdued the celtic treverans in 58 to 50 bc. when the roman provinces in germany were reorganised in 16 bc, augustus decided that trier, then called augusta treverorum, should become the regional capital. from 259 to 274 trier was the capital of the break away gallic empire. later for a few years ( 383 - 388 ) it was the capital of magnus maximus, who ruled most of the western empire. sacked by attila in 451, it passed to the franks in 463, to lorraine in 843, to germany in 870, and back to lorraine in 895, and was finally united to germany by the emperor henry i. the archbishop of trier was, as chancellor of burgundy, one of the electors of the empire, a right which originated in the 12th or 13th century, and which continued till the french revolution. the last elector removed to koblenz in 1786 ; and treves was the capital of the french department of sarre from 1794 till 1814, after which time it belonged to prussia. the city is well known for its well - preserved roman buildings, among them the porta nigra, the best preserved roman city gate north of the alps, a complete amphitheatre, ruins of several roman baths, and the huge basilica, a basilica in the original roman sense, being the 67m - length throne hall of roman emperor constantine ; it is today used as a protestant church. trier is the oldest seat of a christian bishop in germany. in the middle ages, the archbishop of trier was an important ecclesiastical prince, controlling land from the french border to the rhine. he was also one of the seven electors of the holy roman empire. the contents of this article is licensed from www. wikipedia. org under the gnu free documentation license. click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details


boson or bogus, billion - dollar bull? by hank mills salt lake city, utah july 9, 2012 salt lake city, utah - - the universe is a mysterious place, and we understand very little about how it works. sadly, the challenges our civilization faces such as war, poverty, pollution, economic turmoil, and " black swan " events may not allow humanity to exist long enough to figure it out before our species goes extinct. if we are to learn how the universe works, breakthrough technologies like cold fusion ( lenr ) need to be pursued, instead of multibillion dollar projects such as the search for the higgs boson that will have very few real - world applications in the short - to - medium term. what humanity needs at this moment are working technologies that can allow us to overcome the issues that threaten our civilization. the cold fusion - based energy catalyzer, known colloquially as the e - cat, is just such a technology because it could allow for almost unlimited energy production utilizing only tiny amounts of cheap, non - polluting fuel. the home version of the e - cat is expected to be available commercially in the next six months at a cost $ 600 or less. the energy catalyzer has cost andrea rossi, a successful and colorful italian engineer, virtually everything he has - perhap smore than $ 1 million dollars in all. by contrast, it took $ 9 billion and 30 years of work and 9, 000 scientists to build the large hadron accelerator in geneva that they say " may have " discovered the so - called " god particle, " the theoretical construct known as the higgs boson. the united states contributed $ 531 million of that, and it uses enough power for 120, 000 homes or the entire canton of geneva, switzerland. it costs the united kingdom enough to buy a beer for everyone in the country. with cold fusion technology, funded by less than $ 100 millioon, humanity could gain a tool that could allow for large - scale desalinization of water and the resulting transformation of deserts into productive farmland, along with a massive reduction in the co2 pollution that fuels global warming. the e - cat utilizes tiny amounts of nickel powder, hydrogen gas, and undisclosed ( for proprietary reasons ) catalysts to produce nuclear reactions, with the result being a massive release of energy in the form of heat. in every way, this technology matches what i had hoped for throughout my childhood and later on in my life : in addition, the millions of jobs created around the world


reactions, with the result being a massive release of energy in the form of heat. in every way, this technology matches what i had hoped for throughout my childhood and later on in my life : in addition, the millions of jobs created around the world by a cold - fusion revolution would galvanize the global economy and end the current global recession - and do it all safely, without fukushima - like events. to be blunt, cold - fusion technology holds the potential to transform our world from a planet of poverty, war and self - destruction into a place of enlightened prosperity. on the other hand, the existence of the higgs boson offers no near - term benefits to humanity. it may give us a bit more knowledge about the universe, but no one claims that even one single technology that could be immediately developed using this knowledge. if the existence of the higgs boson could yield a warp drive, free - energy device, gravity - modifying device, or other breakthrough in a reasonable period of time, perhaps the billions of dollars spent would be worth it. but the truth is that just like hot fusion research, the search for the higgs boson is a boondoggle. due to the lack of any near - term benefits, the funds could be better spent elsewhere. if a fraction of the money spent on the search for the higgs boson had been put into cold fusion research 20 years ago, there would be no energy crisis today. instead, cold fusion devices that could produce kilowatts of power and very high temperatures - like the e - cat - would have been quickly developed and commercialized. instead of putting money into practical technologies that could benefit all mankind in the near term, the career scientists naysayed exotic technologies like cold fusion, and lobbied for billions of dollars in additional funding for giant hot fusion reactors and particle colliders. all these years later, we have seen little or no return on the investment in the form of technological advancement. we are still stuck with rockets for propulsion and burning fossil fuels for energy. literally, we are still in a technological dark age when it comes to the most fundamental of technologies - energy and propulsion. ( if you don ' t count the " black, " off - budget projects that use taxpayer money with no taxpayer benefit, and actually have the agenda of making us all slaves. ) i do not want to call the search for the higgs field or the higgs boson totally meaningless. however, i think nicola tesla ' s work ( although still ignored by


benefit, and actually have the agenda of making us all slaves. ) i do not want to call the search for the higgs field or the higgs boson totally meaningless. however, i think nicola tesla ' s work ( although still ignored by the mainstream ) into the nature of the ether is much more meaningful. he worked for years to find ways of harnessing the ether to allow for practical applications. some of these applications, such as wireless power transfer and superluminal communication via longitudinal waves in the ether, and his black box that provided electrical power ( from the ether ) to run an electrical vehicle - have been replicated. others have not yet been replicated, so far as we know. but if a fraction of the billions of dollars spent on hot fusion and the search for the higgs boson were utilized to fund inventors with the open - mindedness of tesla, knowledge of how the universe works would be opened up to us very quickly. my personal belief is that all the most important breakthroughs and discoveries will come from projects that can be performed in an ordinary lab, with a modest amount of funding. i think expensive multibillion - dollar projects that require monstrous reactors and miles - long particle accelerators belong in the future - if ever - after we have solved the more immediate issues facing our civilization. once our civilization is stabilized and poverty is a thing of the past, after we stop fighting wars over oil and the destruction of our environment has been reduced, then it may be time for larger - scale projects. of course, by that time, the smaller - scale projects may have figured almost everything out that the monolithic projects were designed to explore. by then, the commercialization of cold fusion, free energy, gravity modification, faster - than - light drives and other technologies may have provided us with a more complete knowledge of how the universe works. i think the e - cat is a key example of a technology that was developed on a modest budget that will provide both solutions to the challenges our civilization faces and a huge wealth of information about how our universe works. in fact, cold fusion may end up telling us more about how our universe works than the existence of the higgs boson. in my opinion, once the world recognizes that cold fusion is a reality, it will turn the discovery of the higgs boson into a footnote in history. also, it will expose how a field of study in which researchers are often forced to work on shoestring budgets can yield greater benefits for humanity than research that receives


- historic sites is our civic life really in decline? voter turnout may be down in recent years, but the involvement of the common citizen has grown to far surpass anything the founding fathers ever dreamed of october 1999 | volume 50, issue 6 today we are at the tail end of the long progressive era. we know it has got us less than we hoped, but we don ’ t know how to picture a mode of citizenship that might give us more. not that it is at all the whole story of citizenship in this century. citizenship has changed again in the past fifty years, as the civil rights movement and the “ rights revolution ” broadly added the courtroom to the voting booth as a locus for civic participation. social movements and political organizations that in the past could hope for change only through legislative action have found that the judicial system can offer a powerful alternative route to their goals. the civil rights movement opened the door to a widening web of constitutionally guaranteed citizen rights and state and federal laws that expanded citizens ’ entitlements and the reach of due process. this affected not only the civil and political rights of african - americans but the rights of women and of the poor and, increasingly, of minority groups of all sorts. a new notion of citizenship has thus overflowed the banks of electoral activity, opening a new channel in the courts and streaming on across the terrain of everyday life into schools, workplaces, and homes. the acts and avenues of citizenship today are a world away from anything jefferson and washington lived with or conceived of. today we are left with the legacy of each of the past eras of citizenship. our inheritance of the politics of assent, the politics of partisanship and loyalty, the politics of the informed citizen, and the politics of rights, together, in all their variety, gives us our historical resource for forging a new model of citizenship for the new century.


since we are constantly searching for new ways to help study abroad students learn languages before, during, and after their trips, we were delighted to find a new, extremely portable way to do so. not only is playsay handy and portable, it is available in japanese and chinese as well as spanish! the system consists of audio image flashcards that are available in audio files to learn each word pair in either language direction. you can put these on your ipod or cell phone to easily review vocabulary anywhere you happen to be. a really cool aspect of the playsay program is what is offered : - chinese offers preparation for the hsk ( hanyu shuiping kaoshi ) levels 1 - 4, as well as the integrated chinese textbooks, and the new practical chinese reader series. while studying chinese recently, my class used the integrated chinese textbooks and i painstakingly made hundreds of flashcards by hand … i wish i had known about playsay! - for japanese, you can get vocabulary for the japanese language proficiency test ( jlpt ), grammar dictionaries, common phrase books, and several others such as japanese for busy people. - for spanish learners, flashcards are available for learning and practicing verbs, as well as vocabulary and textbooks too. since the flashcards are available through instant download, you can get started right away. we found playsay to be an easy to use, highly effective way to practice, learn, and retain relevant vocabulary for japanese, chinese, and spanish.


use project - based learning to meet the national educational technology standardsposted by andrew k. miller on apr 26, 2012 in blog, edutopia | 0 comments this post originally appeared on edutopia, a site created by the george lucas educational foundation, dedicated to improving the k - 12 learning process by using digital media to document, disseminate, and advocate for innovative, replicable strategies that prepare students. view original > the iste nets ( national educational technology standards ) are more than just simple content standards and learning objectives. if examined closely, they truly can foster an educational shift to engaging, relevant, technology - rich learning. in terms of project - based learning ( pbl ), the iste nets, not only align, but can truly support a pbl environment. after my own examination, i felt we must have a # pblchat on the subject. weeks ago, this was our topic. feel free review the storify archive of the whole chat to get more ideas. here are some of my ideas and take - aways as well as inspirations from others on how some the iste student nets can support pbl. we will focus on five of the student nets this time, but keep in mind there are more, as well as the nets for teachers, administrators and coaches! student net # 1 : creativity and innovation students demonstrate creative thinking, construct knowledge, and develop innovative products and processes using technology. okay, i ’ m going to be a bit crass with this description. pbl requires that students create something new, innovate with content, and develop products that show this deeper learning. students do not gorge on content and then throw it up in a pretty new genre or technology tool. this net can help teachers ensure that they ’ re asking for products that require innovation of the content and not regurgitation. through an innovative project idea and driving question, your students are not only learning content, but creating something new with it. student net # 2 : communication and collaboration students use digital media and environments to communicate and work collaboratively, sometimes at a distance, to support individual learning and contribute to the learning of others. two of the key 21st century skills in pbl are communication and collaboration. pbl projects balance the learning not only of content, but also 21st century skills that are transferable across disciplines and into life after k - 12 schooling. through this standard, students can communicate and collaborate, both in person with their teams and across the globe, giving an opportunity for global education


of content, but also 21st century skills that are transferable across disciplines and into life after k - 12 schooling. through this standard, students can communicate and collaborate, both in person with their teams and across the globe, giving an opportunity for global education. using the right tools for the authentic purposes of collaboration and communication, students can engage in innovative pbl projects. student net # 3 : research and information fluency students apply digital tools to gather, evaluate and use information. when we unpack this standard, one of the key words here is “ inquiry. ” students are not simply doing research. pbl projects require students to engage in in - depth inquiry on a specific topic through posing questions, researching and interpreting data, and reporting it. however, as students move through this cycle of inquiry, they may find incomplete data, require further information or make mistakes. this net lets students know that revision and reflection are critical to the inquiry process. in addition, it leverages higher - order thinking skills like synthesis and evaluation, which can ensure that pbl projects are stimulating deep learning. student net # 4 : critical thinking, problem solving, and decision making students use critical thinking skills to plan and conduct research, manage projects, solve problems and make informed decisions using appropriate digital tools and resources. pbl projects must engage students in critically thinking around content, and they often have students attempt to solve a problem. in addition, this standard really pushes for student - centered learning. it is on the students to manage themselves, make decisions and more. the teacher ’ s role is more of guide on the side, with “ just in time ” moments of instruction to help students with critical thinking and problem solving. pbl projects also leverage the 21st century skill of critical thinking and problem solving through assessment. student net # 5 : digital citizenship students understand human, cultural and societal issues related to technology, and practice legal and ethical behavior. as students engage in technology - rich projects, it is important to model and practice digital citizenship. explicit instruction, lessons and activities must take place to ensure that students are creating good “ digital footprints. ” in addition, this is a great theme inspiration for a pbl project. from a technology class to a language arts class, you can have students make recommendations about digital policy or teach other members of the school community and beyond how to be good digital citizens. as you build your pbl projects, consider how the iste nets can support your work. the nets will not only help to hone and refine a pbl project, but


anh exclusive! official eu data indicate lightning more likely to kill than herbs or vitamins save the pictures within this news item to your computer so that you can spread them yourself via twitter, facebook and other social media networks. following anh - intl ’ s release last month of uk data on some key causes of death, we ’ re now in a position to release data sourced from across europe. these data, drawn from official european union ( eu ) sources, reveals once more that natural health products are among the safest things we put into our bodies – confirming the uk data. the new figures show that eu hospitals are not only hundreds of thousands of times more likely to cause death than natural health products – they are twice as deadly as either cancer or smoking. so why are natural products under threat for ‘ posing a risk to public safety ’? casting the net wider just a few short weeks ago, we brought you exclusive data proving what natural health advocates have said all along : that products associated with natural forms of health management are among the safest substances that human beings put into their bodies. compelling as they were, however, those data were for the uk only. now we cast the net wider and bring you a comparable analysis using eu - wide data. and the new information paints a picture that is just as stark. figure 1. eu relative risks of death bubble chart ( click on image to open as a pdf, or save to your computer ) figure 2. eu relative risks of death bar graph ( click on image to open as a pdf, or save to your computer ) exactly as with the uk data, the eu figures display the relative risks of death to an individual for a range of activities. a larger bubble on the bubble chart ( figure 1 ) represents a proportionately larger risk of death, as does a longer bar on the bar graph ( figure 2 ). risk of death from food supplements has been assigned a value of 1 to allow calculation of the relative risk from other sources. the same clarifications apply here as to the uk data. the data only include risk of death from acute causes, and not from chronic, long - term exposure to any of the substances or activities we investigated. also, the charts don ’ t include any data on adverse events that do not lead to death, i. e. sublethal acute effects. where possible, all data are taken from official eu sources. the data were collated and presented by ron law, an independent new zealand - based risk management consultant. key points and comparison


to death, i. e. sublethal acute effects. where possible, all data are taken from official eu sources. the data were collated and presented by ron law, an independent new zealand - based risk management consultant. key points and comparison with uk data eu relative risk of death data uk relative risk of death data preventable medical injury in eu hospitals poses the greatest risk of death to eu citizens – some 351, 220 times the risk of consuming food supplements, and 206, 600 times the risk posed by herbal medicines preventable medical injury picked up during a stay in a uk hospital is 293, 006 more likely to kill a uk citizen than taking a food supplement eu - wide, the risk of death from both smoking and cancer is around 173, 000 times that of taking food supplements. therefore, a hospital visit is over twice as likely as either smoking or cancer to take the life of an eu citizen smoking is the riskiest activity for uk citizens, at 797, 940 times the risk of taking a food supplement eu citizens taking pharmaceutical drugs run a risk of death from side effects that is 123, 125 greater than the mortality risk experienced through taking a food supplement. comparing pharmaceuticals with herbal medicines, meanwhile, the relative risk of death is multiplied 72, 426 times the risk of death from pharmaceutical drugs in the uk is 62, 000 times that of taking food supplements food supplements and herbal medicines are ‘ supersafe ’, with a risk of death below 1 in 10 million eu - wide food supplements and herbal medicines are ‘ supersafe ’, with a risk of death below 1 in 10 million in the uk preventable medical injuries in eu hospitals are in the ‘ dangerous ’ category of risk, i. e. a greater than 1 in 1, 000 chance of death. also in this category are adverse pharmaceutical drug reactions, smoking, cancer, illicit drug use and overweight / obesity preventable medical injuries in uk hospitals are in the ‘ dangerous ’ category of risk, i. e. a greater than 1 in 1, 000 chance of death. the only activities with a similar level of risk are active military service in iraq or afghanistan and smoking in the eu, pharmaceutical adverse drug reactions pose double the risk of death compared with lung cancer someone having a motorcycle accident in the uk is around half as likely to die as someone who has an adverse reaction to a pharmaceutical drug the closest comparisons with food supplements or herbal medicines, in terms of risk of death in the eu, are with lightning strikes and passengers who experience railway or aeroplane accidents.


half as likely to die as someone who has an adverse reaction to a pharmaceutical drug the closest comparisons with food supplements or herbal medicines, in terms of risk of death in the eu, are with lightning strikes and passengers who experience railway or aeroplane accidents. however, they are still 26 – 68 times more likely to result in death than taking food supplements uk residents are about as likely to be hit by lightning or to be killed on the london underground than to die from taking herbal remedies or dietary supplements a blatant lie these figures emphasise once again that the public safety - based justification given by european regulators and governments for increasingly restrictive legislation on ingredients and health claims for natural products is hollow. if the authorities were genuinely interested in public safety, they would be promoting natural healthcare for all it ’ s worth, while clamping down on the many dubious aspects of mainstream medicine – starting with its over - reliance on poorly tested, unnecessary and dangerous pharmaceutical drugs that are greatly over - prescribed to the over - 50s at risk of chronic diseases. taking a long, hard look at how healthcare within hospitals is handled would also make the public a lot safer, but it ’ s difficult to see how this can be significantly achieved without a root - and - branch overhaul of the medical systems within which those hospitals operate. as with so many things, the first step toward change is for enough people to realise that change is needed. in this case, once the ‘ public safety ’ fiction that has been built up around natural healthcare is widely exposed, it will become impossible to maintain. help us get the truth out there! call to action - the most important thing with this information is to get the word out! please share the charts and data sources on facebook, twitter and other social media, and email them to all your contacts – especially those in all corners of europe! we can ’ t emphasise this enough : when enough people know the truth, it will become very difficult – if not impossible – for governments, regulators and others to tighten the screws on natural healthcare through the usual justification of ‘ it ’ s a danger to public health ’ - both our uk and eu data sets show clearly that the last place you ever want to end up is in hospital. the best way to do this is to take responsibility for your own health and keep yourself healthy! check our food4health campaign for some ideas on healthy eating and lifestyles


submitted to : international journal of food microbiology publication type : peer reviewed journal publication acceptance date : february 20, 2004 publication date : september 1, 2004 citation : liming, s. h., bhagwat, a. a. 2004. application of molecular beacon - - real - time pcr technology to detect salmonella species contaminating fruits and vegetables. international journal of food microbiology. 95 : 177 - 187. interpretive summary : conventional methods in food may take up to one week to accurately predict the presence of human pathogens. considering the limited shelf life of produce, rapid methods for pathogen detection are required. real - time detection of salmonella strains will broaden our ability to screen large number of samples in a short time. in this study, a dna hybridization based detection method for salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, based on polymerase chain reaction ( pcr ) is developed to enable near - instantaneous detection and quantitative analysis. the modified protocol requires less than 24 hours and is compatible for future high throughput sample analyses requirements. detection of human pathogens from fresh produce is a crucial step in implementing food safety. both the fresh produce industry and consumers will benefit from the results of this research. an oligonucleotide probe that becomes fluorescent upon hybridization to the target dna ( molecular beacon ; mb ) was used in a real - time polymerase chain reaction ( pcr ) assay to detect the presence of salmonella species. a fluorogenic mb - probe was designed to recognize the iaga ( invasion associated gene ), which is highly specific to all salmonella species that we tested. as few as 1 to 4 colony - forming units ( cfu ) per pcr reaction could be detected. the capability of the assay to detect salmonella species from artificially inoculated fresh - cut produce such as cantaloupe, mixed - salad, cilantro, and alfalfa sprouts was demonstrated. in addition, a comparison of two commercially available kits utilizing mb - pcr ( iq - check, bio - rad laboratories ) and conventional aoac - approved pcr ( bax, dupont qualicon ) was performed on artificially inoculated produce. as few as 4 cfu / 25 g of produce were detected after 16 h of enrichment in buffered peptone broth. these assays could be carried out entirely in sealed pcr tubes, enabling a rapid and high throughput detection of salmonella species in a large number of


managing diseases and pests of honey bees to improve queen and colony health location : bee research title : secreted and immunogenic proteins produced by the honey bee bacterial pathogen, paenibacillus larvae | antunez, karina - | | anido, matilde - | | zunino, pablo - | submitted to : veterinary microbiology publication type : peer reviewed journal publication acceptance date : november 1, 2010 publication date : december 10, 2010 citation : antunez, k., anido, m., evans, j. d., zunino, p. 2010. secreted and immunogenic proteins produced by the honey bee bacterial pathogen, paenibacillus larvae. veterinary microbiology. 141 : 385 - 389. interpretive summary : american foulbrood ( afb ) remains an important and reportable brood disease of honey bees. past work indicates that the bacterium causing afb secretes proteins that then attack the bee gut. these proteins are poorly characterized, and we carried out these experiments to see which proteins are most important. using data from the p. larvae genome project we were able to identify proteins that seem like good candidates to explain how this bacterium causes honey bee disease. the results from this work have bearing on bee immunity and the management and breeding steps bee breeders can use to reduce this and other bee diseases. american foulbrood is a severe disease affecting larvae of honeybee apis mellifera, causing significant decrease in the honeybee population, beekeeping industries and agricultural production. in spite of its importance, little is known about the virulence factors secreted by paenibacillus larvae during larval infection. the aim of the present work was to perform a first approach to the identification and characterization of p. larvae secretome. p. larvae secreted proteins were analyzed by sds - page and identified by maldi - tof. protein toxicity was evaluated using an experimental model based on feeding of a. mellifera larvae and immunogenicity was evaluated by western blot, using an antiserum raised against cells and spores of p. larvae. ten different proteins were identi. ed among p. larvae secreted proteins, including proteins involved in transcription, metabolism, translation, cell envelope, transport, protein folding, degradation of polysaccharides and motility. although most of these proteins are cytosolic, many of them have been previously detected in the extracellular medium of different bacillus spp. cultures and have been related to vi


rome. - roman churches, funerary monuments and museums where artistic treasures are housed have been damaged in the italian region affected by the earthquake. even though the extent of the damage has not been calculated, david rijser, an expert in classic and renaissance antiquities has tried to calculate the losses. " it has been a true drama, there is a lot that has been lost, said david rijser to radio nederland. in 1985 i visited the abruzzo region for the first time. at that time there were no tourists, he told reporter philip smet by telephone. these days there are few art lovers in the region even though there are a lot of places that deserved to be visited. in l ' aguila and its surroundings there are many roman and gothic churches and other buildings from the xiii, xiv and xv centuries. italy today lives the tragedy caused by the earthquake that hit a region that is the birthplace of art and civilization. no other catastrophe can ever erase the memory of those who, throughout the centuries, marked the identity of their cities. among the masterpieces destroyed were the gothic church of maria di collemaggio, built in the 13th century in the mountainous region of abruzzo that was the epicentre of the quake. sources from the italian superintendency of cultural heritage have stated that the caracalla thermal baths, in rome, have suffered damages due to the earthquake. other roman monuments in rome have not suffered damages.


adult general education career & technical ed. information & resources miami - dade county public schools, adult & career technical education programs are designed to prepare you to enter the career of your choice through our career technical education training. additionally, our courses can help you prepare to take the citizenship exam, learn english as a second language and / or help you prepare for the ged® or high school diploma. whether you decide to learn technical skills or get a college education, our adult basic education program will provide you with the foundation needed to begin your new career. furthermore, our programs offer ged® test preparation and high school completion courses. programs are specifically designed to help adults boost their levels of understanding with reading, writing, arithmetic and the basic knowledge required to enter post - secondary education training. our post - secondary training is designed to support the local workforce. the adult & career technical education programs will provide you pathways in the areas of industrial / technical, health / medical, business / computers, family and consumer sciences, and public service. miami - dade county public schools is the fourth largest school district in the united states, comprised of 392 schools, 345, 000 students and over 40, 000 employees. located at the southern end of the florida peninsula, the school district stretches over 2, 000 square miles of diverse and vibrant communities ranging from rural and suburban to urban cities and municipalities. a truly global community, district students speak 56 different languages and represent 160 countries.


counties : boundaries formed by rivers - - rivers : changing course of, as affecting county boundary a sudden change in the course of a river which forms the boundary between counties does not change the boundary to conform to the new course of the river. - - - - - - - - - - - - - may 6, 1957 honorable george w. sibbald prosecuting attorney of cowlitz county cowlitz county court house kelso, washington cite as : ago 57 - 58 no. 57 attention : mr. richard l. norman, deputy by letter of april 15, 1957, previously acknowledged, you have requested the opinion of this office concerning the location of the boundary between clark and cowlitz counties. we quote from your letter : " several years ago when primary state highway no. 1 ( u. s. 99 ) was constructed, the lewis river was diverted and a horseshoe bend was left high and dry. this diversion involves approximately 65 acres of land and a few home sites. said property, before the diversion, was considered part of clark county and is on clark county assessment rolls. our county commissioners feel that since the course of the lewis river was moved that said property is now properly within the boundaries of cowlitz county and should be on cowlitz county ' s assessment rolls. " your question may be paraphrased as follows : [ [ orig. op. page 2 ] ] is there any legal basis for the institution of an action by cowlitz county to establish the boundary between cowlitz and clark counties along the present course of the lewis river? we answer in the negative. the common law rule with regard to changes in the course of a river that forms a boundary of a piece of land is stated as follows in hirt v. entus, 37 wn. ( 2d ) 418, quoting fromharper v. holston, 119 wash. 436 : " '... when grants of land border on running water, and the course of the stream is changed by that process known as accretion ‑ - that is to say, the gradual washing away on the one side and the gradual building up on the other ‑ - the owner ' s boundary changes with the changing course of the stream.... " ' on the other hand, it is equally the rule that, when a stream which is a boundary, from any cause, suddenly abandons its old channel and creates a new one, or suddenly washes from one of its banks a considerable body of land and deposits it on the opposite bank,