on the correct use of powerpoint is jean - luc doumont. in his 2009 book, trees, maps, and theorems : effective communication for rational minds, he spells out clearly how to design and present excellent powerpoint presentations. i will borrow liberally from his work as i explain how to both design and organize slides and deliver presentations. good powerpoint slide organization jean luc doumont says that presentations should answer five questions - - what, when, why, who, and where. with a focus on the audience, presenters should be concentrating on what the listeners will be able to do after attending the presentation, not on the next slide. doumont recommends this slide organization - - title, attention - getter, preview slide, content, transition, content, conclusion, questions. the title slide should do just that - - state the title and author ' s name. quickly following, the attention - getter slide is the one that really makes the very first impression on listeners and, obviously, gets their attention. using a statement, question, anecdote, analogy, or visual, doumont says that it also serves as an advance organizer, telling the listeners quickly what to expect from the presentation topic and getting them ready to learn. the preview slide is very important ; this contains the " table of contents " or outline of the presentation. this tells listeners how long the presentation will be and how many sections it will include. the preview slide can also be used again as a transition slide throughout the presentation ; whenever a new section is begun, show the preview slide with the completed sections grayed out. this offers listeners a visual indicator of progress and tells them what is left in the presentation. the conclusion slide should concisely sum up the presentation, and the questions slide need not say " questions " - - it could just contain an organizational logo, or some other symbol, and the presenter can just ask for questions. effective slide design doumont correctly says that poorly - designed slides reflect upon the speaker and compete with the speaker for the audience ' s attention. many times we place too much text on the slide, and then the listener cannot both read and listen to the text read out loud at the same time ( dual coding again - - confusion of processing systems. ) doumont says that if you aren ' t going to mention it, don ' t put it on your slide. he says speakers make three common mistakes : 1. creating slides for themselves as memory aides with often cryptic text 2. making slides to


##umont says that if you aren ' t going to mention it, don ' t put it on your slide. he says speakers make three common mistakes : 1. creating slides for themselves as memory aides with often cryptic text 2. making slides to double as a written report 3. copying text to slides without adapting it to slide format doumont says that opening sentences like " hello my name is " or " i am going to talk about fail to appeal to the audience because they lack a compelling purpose and are not motivating. instead, he says to start with a rationale and tell listeners immediately about the purpose of the presentation. he says that listeners want to know why they should listen at all, and thus we should tell them - - and that we should talk about the topic ( the system has three advantages... ), and not about the speaker ( i will present three advantages... ). doumont recommends standing either to the left or right of the screen, whatever works with your right or left hand or how you have to advance the slides. face the audience with shoulders, hips, and feet, and point to the slide with the hand closest to the screen. project your voice to the back of the room, and elaborate on the slide, never reading the text to listeners who can read it themselves. maintain eye contact with listeners as you speak. this means you should know your presentation material well enough that you don ' t have to look each time you make a slide transition - - slides should not be used as visual prompts. when you make a transition to a new section, use the preview slide, but don ' t read it ; let it visually tell the listener what ' s been done and what ' s next. at the closing, sum up the presentation both visually and verbally, and then you ' re ready for questions. powerpoint is like many tools - - it is what you make of it. by following these guidelines, you can make a credible, successful presentation that will be listened to and remembered. you don ' t have to be an advanced powerpoint user to use it well - - just one who follows good, solid guidelines and who cares more about what the listeners should get from the presentation than just getting through all the slides.


' re trying to fill up the first 2 feet, that takes a lot of water, " gwynn said. there ' s another factor at play, too, said dan bedford, an associate geography professor at weber state university who studies the lake : a portion of the fresh water that used to flow to the lake is now diverted for human uses. scientists roughly estimate that the great salt lake is typically about 5 feet lower than it would be if received all of the naturally flowing water, bedford said. with another million or so people expected to arrive along the wasatch front — the urban area in the north - central part of utah — in the coming decades, that strain on the lake ' s water supply is expected to deepen. that ' s not to mention predictions of warmer temperatures and longer droughts for portions of the west, including utah. " the trend certainly suggests there ' s likely to be less water available for the lake in the future unless we ' re careful about it, " bedford said. lower lake levels affect more than boaters and the brine shrimp industry, which scoops the tiny creatures out of the water for sale as fish food and other products. exposed shorelines offer easier access for predators such as foxes and coyotes to reach island bird populations, bedford said. lake levels also play an important role in the wetlands around the lake that provide habitat for millions of birds each year. copyright 2008 the associated press. all rights reserved. this material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed. guidelines : you share in the usa today community, so please keep your comments smart and civil. don ' t attack other readers personally, and keep your language decent. use the " report abuse " button to make a difference. read more.


the debate over the military ' s women in combat exclusion was reignited by a 2011 government study calling for more diversity in the armed services. allowing women in combat positions would be a reversal of a pentagon policy adopted in 1994. the military leadership diversity commission advocated for the military to end its policy restriction on women in combat after finding white males make up a disproportionate share of the upper echelons of the armed services. the report described the policy as an " institutional barrier " to women that " can affect their ability to reach the senior leadership ranks, particularly in the officer corps. " panel advocates women in combat white males accounted for 77 percent of the senior officers on active duty in 2008, according to the commission. the percentage of white males far outpaced the portion of black officers active duty, who accounted for 8 percent, hispanics, who made up 5 percent, and asians, who made up 4 percent. in addition, the commission reported, women held only 16 percent of senior office positions. " the armed forces have not yet succeeded in developing a continuing stream of leaders who are as diverse as the nation they serve, " the commission wrote. " racial / ethnic minorities and women still lag behind non - hispanic white men in terms of representative percentage of military leadership positions held. " why males dominate military brass the diversity commission suggested one reason white males have dominated the ranks of military brass is that the armed services do not do an adequate job of educating servicemen and servicewomen about the promotion process early in their careers. " multiple occasions for preparation can help servicemembers recognize career - enhancing opportunities and make choices that further their professional and personal goals, " the commission advocated. a more obvious reason white males make up such a large portion of active - duty officers is the ban on women in combat, which the commission recommends putting to an end. " the services must remove institutional barriers in order to open traditionally closed doors, especially those relating to assignments - - both the initial career field assignment and subsequent assignments to key positions, " the report said. " an important step in this direction is that dod ( department of defense ) and the services eliminate combat exclusion policies for women... " about the ban on women in combat the 1994 ban on women in combat directs that " women shall be excluded from assignment to units below the brigade level whose primary mission is to engage in direct combat on the ground. " the policy states that " direct ground combat takes place well forward on the battlefield. "


« back to pet talk cancer and your pets : what you need to know almost everyone has known a friend or loved one who has been affected by cancer. while cancer in humans is definitely prevalent, our pets are also afflicted with this disease. according to dr. heather wilson, assistant professor of oncology at the texas a & m university college of veterinary medicine and biomedical sciences, 50 percent of all dogs and 30 percent of all cats over the age of 10 will be diagnosed with some form of types of cancers most common in dogs include : lymphoma ( tumor of the lymph nodes ), mast cell tumors ( skin tumors ), and osteosarcoma ( tumor of the bones ). some common types of cancer in cats are : lymphoma, squamous cell carcinoma ( which affects the head, neck and mouth ), and vaccine associated sarcomas. " cats are not nearly as prone to cancer as dogs, but one of the most common cancers in cats comes from vaccine injection sites, " notes wilson. " while you can pick and choose some vaccinations, rabies vaccinations are required by law. however, there is a non - adjuvanted rabies vaccine for cats that is less irritating, thus less likely to cause cancer and is available at most the type of cancer your pet has can also be closely associated with its breed. in dogs, lymphoma is most common in golden retrievers, boxers, and labs. mast cell tumors are common in dogs with short noses such as boxers, pugs, and bulldogs. large breed dogs such as rottweilers and great danes are more prone to " there is very little distinction across breeds when it comes to cancer in cats, " states wilson. " however, cancer most commonly affects the siamese breed of cats. " once your veterinarian has diagnosed your pet with cancer you will then want to find a veterinary oncologist in your area that specializes in your pet ' s specific cancer. " there are veterinary oncologists that specialize in medical oncology and radiation oncology. there are also surgeons that specialize in surgical oncology, " explains wilson. " the best way to find a medical oncologist in your area is to go to the american college of veterinary internal medicine ( acvim ) website at treatment options range from chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy and are administered depending on the type and severity of the cancer. " chemotherapy


is to go to the american college of veterinary internal medicine ( acvim ) website at treatment options range from chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy and are administered depending on the type and severity of the cancer. " chemotherapy is the number one treatment option for animals with lymphoma, " says wilson. " while cure rates in dogs vary greatly with the type of cancer, overall response rates for dogs with lymphoma treated with the chop chemotherapy protocol ( a multidrug protocol given weekly over 19 weeks ) is greater than 80 response rates for dogs with mast cell tumors varies depending on the grade, but with complete surgical excision plus radiation for low grade tumors the control rates is often greater than 80 percent at three years. " unfortunately, the majority of dogs with osteosarcoma and metastatic disease do not achieve a cure, " states wilson. " also, most cancers in cats are also very hard to cure. when we do achieve remission in cats with vaccine associated sarcomas, they often live 18 - 24 months before they have a recurrence. " cost is another important thing to consider when deciding on the treatment of an animal for cancer. while costs range widely, the average cost for a surgery is $ 2, 000 - $ 3000 ; chemotherapy regimen is $ 1, 200 - $ 3, 000, and radiation averages $ 3, 000. " as cost is prohibitive to some families, a good option may be to enter your pet into a clinical trial if possible, " notes wilson. " many of these trials have a financial incentive such as a free treatment regimen, and they also help with future research for both veterinary and human oncology. " for more information on clinical trials at texas a & m university ' s college of veterinary medicine, go to vetmed. tamu. edu / clinical - trials. while cancer in pets can be extremely stressful for owners, the good news is that with the amount of resources and specialists that are now available to treat cancer in pets, owners now have the power to make informed and responsible decisions to get their beloved pets through this illness. about pet talk pet talk is a service of the college of veterinary medicine & biomedical sciences, texas a & m university. stories can be viewed on the web at http : / / tamunews. tamu. edu /. suggestions for future topics may be directed to email @ example. com angela g. clendenin director, communications & public relations ofc -


pope lived during a period of intense and varied scientific activities — the development of the microscope, and newton ' s formulation of a theory explaining the gravitational basis of the universe, for example — which revealed a great deal about the nature of things : for pope, these discoveries seemed to provide scientific corroboration for a crucially important concept which he expressed in various ways, but which can be expressed as the fundamentally conservative notion that the physical universe itself, and man ' s place in it, are aspects of an orderly divine scheme of things which, though it is too vast for the merely human intellect to comprehend, is nevertheless both majestic and meaningful. pope ' s acceptance of this concept, and the ways in which he managed to incorporate it into his work, are revealing : contemporary scientific discoveries, that is, seemed to him to provide acceptable answers to questions which had previously been matters of religious faith or philosophical belief. with what questions does he seem to have concerned himself most? much more so than darker and more sceptical figures like swift or johnson ( who were in any case much more dubious about the validity of the very notion of scientific " progress " ) pope seems to have regarded contemporary scientific and technological advances — those, at any rate, which could be incorporated into his belief - system — as being somehow reassuring. incorporated in the victorian web july 2000


barbara heath land race – 2012 by the time barbara heath visited horsham, the town and the surrounding wimmera district of western victoria were in the process of recovering from a decade - long drought. to inform her work, which was initially to address issues of drought, heath held a number of planned and fortuitous conversations with the assistance of horsham regional art gallery staff, which came to focus on the changes in agricultural practices in the area. the list of people with whom heath consulted is lengthy, but dr bob redden, curator australian temperate field crops collection of the grains innovation park became her main contact. in an email of august 2011, dr redden wrote to heath : ‘ now with unprecedented population levels and growth, there is a risk of disconnect and taking food supply for granted, even with climate change. humans will need to change if they wish to continue their increasing diverse interests, but will need to prioritise agricultural research, better understanding our available genetic resources, plant growth and development, and imaginative paths to harnessing science and truly earn the title ‘ homo sapiens ’. land race is a direct response to the urgency of maintaining biodiversity. agriculture today requires economies of scale that change the social landscape and limit population diversity. this results in the erasure of many small communities, loss of connection to the past and cultural loss. dr redden explained his department ’ s work to ensure plant gene diversity by sourcing and saving seed from land race crops. ‘ land race ’ is the term used to describe heritage seed varieties now being displaced by international seed uniformity standards. heath ’ s land race series shows distinct levels, from biodiversity in the soils to the patterns of farming practices above. each land race also features a remnant plant species that reaches up and through the tractor track patterns : briar, apple and aloe. there are numerous hero shots ( one above ) and details prepared ( below ), we will wait for the show to get under way and publicise a little later. the preliminary research is in an earlier blog post – click here. 2 responses »


in june every year, the us celebrates father ’ s day to honor fathers, who take care of their families and contribute so much for their growth. father ’ s day was first celebrated in 1910 in spokane, washington, after the prevailing efforts of a young girl named sonora dodd. sonora was raised by her father alone after her mother died. when sonora heard a sermon on mother ’ s day, this young girl thought fathers too deserve to be recognized for their efforts and that a day should be declared as father ’ s day in their honor. so, it all started because one little girl thought, it is important to celebrate fathers efforts and spread across the world. fathers contribute so much in the lives of their children and family. with guidance from father, young kids learn to gain strength in facing the world to reach their best. sometimes it may be difficult to appreciate father ’ s role in raising a family, how despite working so hard and not keeping much to himself, an ordinary father gives rise to such great sons and daughters? what a great father karam chand gandhi must have been to present the nation and the world, mohandas karamchand gandhi who become the father of the nation? he was a loving father when the child was unable to grasp right from wrong, he made him realize what truth is and elevated him to reach the heights of humanity. fathers of empathy with their willingness to train their children, guide them, mentor them and pay the ultimate price till the end, of breathing the last breath and reaching him. when the baby is taking its first steps, father is elated, and when the baby utters the first words, dada or papa or nana or baaba, father ’ s happiness has no bounds. it is a great thing to be a father, because that is when they see their own creation in flesh and blood and love them immensely. sometimes, it is also the child that teaches a mom or a dad. when the darling child is sleeping in the arms of its papa, it will be too difficult for the father to remove them off of their chest and rest them on the bed or crib. they wait until the child is so sound asleep that it will not wake up and get disturbed. child teaches them to be patient and more understanding of the needs of their offspring. when a child is ill with fever or wheezing, fathers rush them to the doctor, give them needed care and may just carry them in arms all night long, without the worrying about having to attend meetings the next day or teach or


offspring. when a child is ill with fever or wheezing, fathers rush them to the doctor, give them needed care and may just carry them in arms all night long, without the worrying about having to attend meetings the next day or teach or attend the office or design bridges and have them constructed or do whatever that they do for their living. he does all this and also takes care of the home. when the mom is ill, it is once again father to the rescue, in single families. he kneads flour, makes bread, cooks meals, makes the home spic and span, and yet he attends to his work without even so much as a complaint, especially when the kids are young. this kind father does not remain young and able all the while. he, the invincible hero in the eyes of his kids, does grow old. he reaches his time, and kids should remember, it is not always possible for the dad to be active and alert as always. he might grow old, unable to recognize even his own kids, and may become dependent on others for every little thing. like a cycle, life goes on and the grand child develops a bond with the grand dad, and reaches a full circle. i remember listening to my dad when he spoke, “ talking to others is like a penance ”. it is not right to raise voice and lose temper with parents, especially to mom. if one cannot control their temper because the other person is testing their nerves, they have to remember their temper should not be affected by others but by their own thinking. one can control their own thinking and not lose balance, because it is ones own attitude that one can control. he would always tell us the saying from swamy dayanand saraswathi ji, “ satyam bruyath, priyam bruyath ; na bruyath satyam apriyam ”. when i think about talking in a pleasing manner, as the sayings of the swamy dayanand saraswathi ji, i recall in may 2012, there was a special visit by a very well known singer to houston, tx, dr. ghazal srinivas. he presented houstonians with his melodious music that was almost divine in nature. dr. ghazal srinivas garu was singing with a message, “ devalayo rakshati, rakshitah, ” meaning ‘ temples protect, when protected ’. he sang many compositions about the theme, but the best part of it was the song


##nivas garu was singing with a message, “ devalayo rakshati, rakshitah, ” meaning ‘ temples protect, when protected ’. he sang many compositions about the theme, but the best part of it was the song about dad. dad is not given his due love either in families or in culture and society, mother taking that place! however, dad ’ s place is irreplaceable especially in guiding and making the children socially responsible and raising them as good citizens. when a dad is raising the baby into the air and holding it, he is not only raising the baby but also raising it above himself, so he can be a greater person than himself. when dr. ghazal srinivas was singing this song, i was so much touched that one of the member from the audience asked me if i remembered my dad. i said, “ yes indeed ”. it was just this year in february that my father reached the divine father, and until i heard that song, i never realized that when the parents are raising the child into the air and holding them, it is because they want to see their child in higher position than themselves. it was an eye opener regarding the sentiments about father. the amount of happines dr. ghazal srinivas was showing was greatest when he let his daughter take the stage and present us with her melody. he is a proud father, training his daughter to reach heights with a sound foundation of classical music. he stands tall as an exemplar to this society. happy father ’ s day to all the fathers out there, who are doing their best! - uma pochampally


mit professor ’ s book digs into the eclectic, textually linked reading choices of people in medieval london. cambridge, mass. - - following the 1997 creation of the first laser to emit pulsed beams of atoms, mit researchers report in the may 16 online version of science that they have now made a continuous source of coherent atoms. this work paves the way for a laser that emits a continuous stream of atoms. mit physicists led by physics professor wolfgang ketterle ( who shared the 2001 nobel prize in physics ) created the first atom laser. a long - sought goal in physics, the atom laser emitted atoms, similar in concept to the way an optical laser emits light. " i am amazed at the rapid progress in the field, " ketterle said. " a continuous source of bose - einstein condensate is just one of many recent advances. " because the atom laser operates in an ultra - high vacuum, it may never be as ubiquitous as optical lasers. but, like its predecessor, the pulsed atom laser, a continuous - stream atom laser may someday be used for a variety of applications in fundamental physics. it could be used to directly deposit atoms onto computer chips, and improve the precision and accuracy of atomic clocks and gyroscopes. it could aid in precision measurements of fundamental constants, atom optics and interferometry. a continuous stream laser could do all of these things better than a pulsed atomic laser, said co - author ananth p. chikkatur, a physics graduate student at mit. " similar to the optical laser revolution, a continuous stream atom laser might be useful for more things than a pulsed laser, " he said. in addition to ketterle and chikkatur, authors include mit graduate students yong - il shin and aaron e. leanhardt ; david f. kielpinski, postdoctoral fellow in the mit research laboratory of electronics ( rle ) ; physics senior edem tsikata ; mit affiliate todd l. gustavson ; and david e. pritchard, cecil and ida green professor of physics and a member of the mit - harvard center for ultracold atoms and the rle. a new form of matter an important step toward the first atom laser was the creation of a new form of matter - the bose - einstein condensate ( bec ). bec forms at temperatures around one millionth of a degree kelvin, a million times colder than interstellar space. ketterle ' s group had developed novel cooling techniques that were key to


the bose - einstein condensate ( bec ). bec forms at temperatures around one millionth of a degree kelvin, a million times colder than interstellar space. ketterle ' s group had developed novel cooling techniques that were key to the observation of bec in 1995, first by a group at the university of colorado at boulder, then a few months later by ketterle at mit. it was for this achievement that researchers from both institutions were honored with the nobel prize last year. ketterle and his research team managed to merge a bunch of atoms into what he calls a single matter - wave, and then used fluctuating magnetic fields to shape the matter - wave into a beam much like a laser. to test the coherence of a bec, the researchers generated two separate matter - waves, made them overlap and photographed a so - called " interference pattern " that only can be created by coherent waves. the researchers then had proof that they had created the first atom laser. since 1995, all atom lasers and bec have been produced in a pulsed manner, emitting individual pulses of atoms several times per minute. until now, little progress has been made toward a continuous bec source. while it took about six months to create a continuous optical laser after the first pulsed optical laser was produced in 1960, the much more technically challenging continuous source of coherent atoms has taken seven years since ketterle and colleagues first observed bec in 1995. a new challenge creating a continuous bec source involved three steps : building a chamber where the condensate could be stored in an optical trap, moving the fresh condensate and merging the new condensate with the existing condensate stored in the optical trap. ( the same researchers first developed an optical trap for becs in 1998. ) the researchers built an apparatus containing two vacuum chambers : a production chamber where the condensate is produced and a " science chamber " around 30 centimeters away, where the condensate is stored. the condensate in the science chamber had to be protected from laser light, which was necessary to produce a fresh condensate, and also from hot atoms. this required great precision, because a single laser - cooled atom has enough energy to knock thousands of atoms out of the condensate. in addition, they used an optical trap as the reservoir trap, which is insensitive to the magnetic fields used for cooling atoms into a bec. the researchers also needed to figure out how to move the fresh condensate -


##nsate. in addition, they used an optical trap as the reservoir trap, which is insensitive to the magnetic fields used for cooling atoms into a bec. the researchers also needed to figure out how to move the fresh condensate - chilled to astronomically low temperatures - from the production chamber to the science chamber without heating them up. this was accomplished using optical tweezers - a focused laser light beam that traps the condensate. finally, to merge the new condensate with the existing condensate in the science chamber, they moved the new condensate in the tweezers into the science chamber by merging the condensates together. a bucket of atoms if the pulsed atom laser is like a faucet that drips, chikkatur says the new innovations create a sort of bucket that collects the drips without wasting or changing the condensate too dramatically by heating it. this way, a reservoir of condensate is always on hand to replenish an atom laser. the condensate pulses are like a dripping faucet, where the drops are analogous to the pulsed bec production. " we have now implemented a bucket ( our reservoir trap ), where we collect these drips to have continuous source of water ( bec ), " chikkatur said. " although we did not demonstrate this, if we poke a hole in this bucket, we will have a steady stream of water. this hole would be an outcoupling technique from which we can produce a continuous atom laser output. " the big achievement here is that we have invented the bucket, which can store atoms continuously and also makes sure that the drips of water do not cause a lot of splashing ( heating of becs ), " he said. the next step would be to improve the number of atoms in the source, perhaps by implementing a large - volume optical trap. another important step would be to demonstrate a phase - coherent condensate merger using a matter wave amplification technique pioneered by the mit group and a group in japan, he said. this work is funded by the national science foundation, the office of naval research, the army research office, the packard foundation and nasa.


forth lesson 0 why bother? forth is weird compared to most popular computer languages. until you learn how, it is hard to read because it is not based on the syntax of algebraic expressions. but it is worth learning because a running forth system gives you an extraordinary degree of low - level control over the system. unlike most other programming environments that put up walls to hide or block access to " unauthorized " things, forth makes it easy to get at anything, at any level from low to high. forth syntax here is syntactically - valid line of forth code : this is a test 123 456 don ' t try to guess what it does ; in fact it doesn ' t necessarily actually work, because some of the symbols might not be defined. but it is syntactically valid. it consists of 6 words, " this " " is " " a " " test " " 123 " " 456 ". words are separated by white space - spaces, tabs, and newlines. in most cases, spaces and newlines are the same. another syntactically valid line : asdf foo jello @ w # $ % ^, t / % $ 1a2qw2 gibbet that ' s 6 words. one of them is pretty strange, consisting mostly of punctuation, but it is a word nevertheless. any string of printing characters is a word, though most forth implementations limit valid word names to 31 or fewer characters. left to right execution the forth interpreter is very simple. it parses the next word ( i. e. it skips whitespace, then collects characters until it sees another whitespace character ) and executes it. that is it in a nutshell. so if you are trying to understand a forth program in detail, you have to look at each word in turn and work out what it does. that sounds simple, but it will trip you up if you insist on looking for algebra. just go left to right, one word at a time. with practice, you will learn enough of the forth vocabulary ( the meanings of standard words ) so that you can see what is going on at a glance, without having to puzzle out each individual word. it is just like learning to read - it is tedious until you get the basic vocabulary down, then it is easy. thus endeth the lesson.


enology - n. : a science that deals with wine and wine making the v & e department combines the sciences of viticulture and enology in a single research and teaching unit that encompasses all of the scientific disciplines that impact grape growing and winemaking. for over one hundred years the university of california has maintained an active and productive program in research and education in viticulture and enology. the continuing excellence of the department has enabled california growers and vintners to develop practices that have allowed the golden state to achieve its potential and become a premier wine - producing region. our students are innovators. we prepare our students to advance the art and science of grape growing and winemaking the department of viticulture & enology teaches students to think critically, based on an understanding of the sciences that are the foundation of grape growing and winemaking. our programs are based on a comprehensive preparation in mathematics and statistics, chemistry and biochemistry, microbiology and plant biology. the focus of our coursework is to provide our students the underlying principles so that they can understand current practices. our graduates learn from practicing winemakers, viticulturists, and apply their understanding to create their own styles and practices - the result is many of the finest wine...


magnetite fefe2o4 isometric magnetite is a common mineral found at many localities in wisconsin. only localities that where the mineral is present in great abundance or as unusual material are listed here. magnetite occurs as an accessory in most igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks, where it is found as small equant, euhedral to rounded grains. it is an abundant heavy mineral in sediments and is usually the major constituent of certain metamorphosed iron formations, where it forms an important ore mineral. it is exceptionally common on wisconsin ' s iron ranges, such as at black river falls, the gogebic range in iron county and in florence county. magnetite may also form in high - temperature hydrothermal veins in association with ore minerals such as pyrrhotite, sphalerite and galena. magnetite octahedral crystal in talc schist, jackson county iron mine, near black river falls, wi. crystals is about 5 mm across. ashland county - abundant constituent of the iron formation in the gogebic range from mineral lake to hurley where it is found as small crystals and masses intergrown with siderite, chamosite, stilpomelane, ferrodolomite, chlorite, calcite and quartz. magnetite is also in actinolite schists associated with the iron formation where it forms small crystals, masses and clusters. ( van hise and irving, 1892 ; huber, 1959 ; usgs, 1976 ) outcrops occur along ballou creek ( nw ne sec. 11 t. 44n. r. 2w ). where magnetite occurs with quartz, grunerite, siderite and minnesotaite. also in outcrop on the west side of hwy. 13 near mellen ( se nw sec. 13 t. 44n. r. 3w. ) where it occurs with grunerite, tremolite, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene and talc. also in penokee gap ( nw nw sec. 14 t. 44n. r. 3w. ) on the west side of bad river where it occurs with quartz, actinolite, orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene. ( laybourn, 1979 ). - magnetite is a major component of the ore at the berkshire mine, ( sw 1 / 4 sw 1 / 4 se 1 / 4 sec. 9 t. 44n. r.


sec. 25 t. 40n. r. 17e. ( dutton, 1971 ) - magnetite crystals, partly to completely replaced by hematite ( " martite " ), occurs in quartzite in the michigamme slate in outcrop and small pits in sec. 31 and 32 t. 40n. r. 18e. near commonwealth. the magnetite is associated with iron silicates, garnet, chlorite and tourmaline. ( dutton, 1971 ). - small magnetite crystals in a grunerite - quartz iron formation within the michigamme slate is found at sw 1 / 4 ne 1 / 4 sec. 28 t. 39n. r. 18e. ( dutton, 1971 ). - magnetite - grunerite - stilpnomelane - garnet assemblages outcrop in the w 1 / 2 sec. 26 and in sec. 35 and 36 t. 40n. r. 17e. ( dutton, 1971 ). - euhedral xls. about 1 mm across are abundant in the riverton iron formation in sec. 26, 27, 34 and 35 t. 40n. r. 17e. ( dutton, 1971 ). iron county magnetite is abundant in the iron formation in the gogebic range from upson to hurley where it is found as small crystals and masses intergrown with siderite, ferrodolomite, chlorite, calcite and quartz. it is also a component of the actinolite schists with the iron formation, where is forms small crystals, masses and clusters intergrown with actinolite and other iron silicates. ( van hise and irving, 1892 ) ( huber, 1959 ). - found as small octahedral xls. in chloritic slate in sec. 1 t. 45n. r. 1e. ( van hise and irving, 1892 ). - magnetite - rich iron formation occurs in the potato river section ( se se sec. 19 t. 45n. r. 1e. ) associated with minnesotaite and stilpnomelane ( laybourne, 1979 ). - found as crystals in ore vugs at the montreal mine, montreal. ( laybourne, 1979 ). - fine - grained laminated rocks with magnetite, siderite, chlorite, minnesotaite, stilpnomelane, specular hematite and quartz are found along the gorge of


montreal. ( laybourne, 1979 ). - fine - grained laminated rocks with magnetite, siderite, chlorite, minnesotaite, stilpnomelane, specular hematite and quartz are found along the gorge of tyler fork ( se 1 / 4 ne 1 / 4 sec. 33 t. 45n. r. 1w. ) ( van hise and irving, 1892, laybourn, 1979 ). - magnetite occurs with hematite and siderite in the banded iron formation in the pine lake area, t. 44n. r. 3e. ( u. s. g. s., 1976 ). - magnetite and grunerite occur at the ford and lucas whitside exploration near butternut in sec. 2 and 4 t. 41n. r. 1e. ( dutton and bradley, 1970 ). jackson county magnetite was the major ore mineral at the jackson county iron mine near black river falls ( sec. 15 t. 21n. r. 3w ). it is found as small octahedra and masses associated with quartz, cummingtonite, grunerite, ferroactinolite, biotite, hastingsite, hedenburgite and garnet. ( jones, 1978 ). it also occurs as euhedral octahedra up to 1 cm. in diameter in talc schist. magnetite partly converted to hematite ( " martite " ) occurs in iron formation on several mounds near black river falls. some examples are in ne sec. 12 and sw se sec. 11 t. 21n. r. 4w. ( klemic and ohlson, 1973 ). marathon county : magnetite may form up to 10 % of some quartz syenite bodies in outcrops and roadcuts near the employer ' s mutual insurance co. offices ( nw se sec. 27 t. 29n. r. 7e., accounting for a magnetic anomaly there. ( laberge and myers, 1983 ). - coarse magnetite octahedra occur locally in the nepheline syenite of the core zone of the stettin pluton, with k feldspar, fluorite, zircon, apatite, and a variety of amphiboles and pyroxenes. ( laberge and myers, 1983 ). marinette county : magnetite forms up to 10 % of the iron formation at the duval massive sul


one of the most significant fault lines in western culture opened up in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, when what we now know as the “ modern ” world separated itself from the classical and medieval world. the thinking of descartes, spinoza, leibniz, kant, newton, jefferson, and many others represented a sea change in the way western people looked at practically everything. in almost every telling of the story, this development is presented as an unmitigated good. i rather emphatically do not subscribe to this interpretation. it would be foolish indeed not to see that tremendous advances, especially in the arenas of science and politics, took place because of the modern turn, but it would be even more foolish to hold that modernity did not represent, in many other ways, a severe declension from what came before. this decline is particularly apparent in the areas of the arts and ethics, and i believe that there is an important similarity in the manner in which those two disciplines went bad in the modern period. in his classic text after virtue, the philosopher alisdair macintyre lamented, not so much the immorality that runs rampant in our contemporary society, but something more fundamental and in the long run more dangerous ; namely, that we are no longer even capable of having a real argument about moral matters. the assumptions that once undergirded any coherent conversation about ethics, he said, are no longer taken for granted or universally shared. the result is that, in regard to questions of what is right and wrong, we simply talk past one another, or more often, scream at each other. in his masterpiece brideshead revisited, evelyn waugh implicitly lays out a program of evangelization that has particular relevance to our time. “ brideshead ” refers, of course, to a great manor house owned by a fabulously wealthy catholic family in the england of the 1920 ’ s. in the complex semiotic schema of waugh ’ s novel, the mansion functions as a symbol of the catholic church, which st. paul had referred to as the “ bride of christ. ” just in advance of christmas, the film version of j. r. r. tolkien ’ s the hobbit appeared. as i and many other commentators have pointed out, tolkien ’ s great story, like its more substantive successor the lord of the rings, is replete with catholic themes. on christmas day itself, another film adaptation of a well - known book debuted, namely victor hugo ’ s les miserable


definitely probably one definitely probably one : a generation comes of age under china ' s one - child policy had china not imposed its controversial but effective one - child policy a quarter - century ago, its population today would be larger than it presently is by 300 million - roughly the whole population of the united states today, or of the entire world around the time of genghis khan. the chinese population - control policy of one child per family is 25 years old this year. a generation has come of age under the plan, which is the official expression of the chinese quest to achieve zero population growth. china ' s adoption of the one - child policy has avoided some 300 million births during its tenure ; without it, the chinese population would currently be roughly 1. 6 billion - the number at which the country hopes to stabilize its population around 2050. many experts agree that it is also the maximum number that china ' s resources and carrying capacity can support. standing now at a pivotal anniversary of the strategy, china is asking itself, where to from here? china ' s struggle with population has long been linked to the politics of national survival. china scholar thomas scharping has written that contradictory threads of historical consciousness have struggled to mold chinese attitudes towards population issues. china possesses a " deeply ingrained notion of dynastic cycles " that casts large populations as " a symbol of prosperity, power, and the ability to cope with outside threat. " at the same time, though, " historical memory has also interpreted a large population as an omen of approaching crisis and downfall. " it was not until economic and development issues re - emerged as priorities in post - mao zedong ' s china that the impetus toward the one - child policy began to build rapidly. during mao ' s rule population control was often seen as inhibiting the potential of a large population, but in the years following his death it became apparent that china ' s population presented itself as more of a liability than an asset. policymakers eager to reverse the country ' s backwardness saw population control as necessary to ensure improved economic performance. ( in 1982, china ' s per - capita gdp stood at us $ 218, according to the world bank. the u. s. per - capita gdp, by way of comparison, was about $ 14, 000. ) the campaign bore fruit when mao ' s successor, hua guofeng, along with the state council, including senior leaders such as deng xiaoping, decided on demographic targets that would curb the nation ' s high fertility rates. in 1979 the


000. ) the campaign bore fruit when mao ' s successor, hua guofeng, along with the state council, including senior leaders such as deng xiaoping, decided on demographic targets that would curb the nation ' s high fertility rates. in 1979 the government announced that population growth must be lowered to a rate of natural increase of 0. 5 percent per year by 1985. in fact, it took almost 20 years to reach a rate of 1 percent per year. ( the overestimating was in part due to the lack of appropriate census data in 1979 ; it had been 15 years since the last population count and even then the numbers provided only a crude overview of the country ' s demography. ) nevertheless the chinese government knew that promoting birth - planning policies was the only way to manifest their dedication and responsibility for future generations. in 1982 a new census was taken, allowing for more detailed planning. the government then affirmed the target of 1. 2 billion chinese for the year 2000. demographers, however, were skeptical, predicting a resurgence in fertility levels at the turn of the century. the promotion of such ambitious population plans went hand in hand with the need for modernization. though vast and rich in resources, china ' s quantitative advantages shrink when viewed from the per - capita perspective, and the heavy burden placed on its resources by china ' s sheer numbers dictates that population planning remain high on the national agenda. the government has also stressed the correlation between population control and the improved health and education of its citizens, as well as the ability to feed and employ them. in september 2003, the chinese magazine qiushi noted that " since population has always been at the core of sustainable development, it is precisely the growth of population and its demands that have led to the depletion of resources and the degradation of the environment. the reduction in birth rate, the changes in the population age structure, especially the improvement in the quality of the population, can effectively control and relieve the pressure on our nation ' s environment and resources and strengthen our nation ' s capability to sustain development. " the reach of the one - child policy despite the sense of urgency, the implementation of such a large - scale family planning program proved difficult to control, especially as directives and regulations were passed on to lower levels. in 1981, the state council ' s leading group for birth planning was transformed into the state population and family planning commission. this allowed for the establishment of organizational arrangements to help turn the one - child campaign into a professional state family planning mechanism. birth - planning


1981, the state council ' s leading group for birth planning was transformed into the state population and family planning commission. this allowed for the establishment of organizational arrangements to help turn the one - child campaign into a professional state family planning mechanism. birth - planning bureaus were set up in all counties to manage the directives handed down from the central government. documentation on how the policy was implemented and received by the population varies from area to area. there are accounts of heavy sanctions for non - compliance, including the doubling of health insurance and long - term income deductions as well as forced abortions and sterilizations. peasant families offered the most significant opposition ; rural families with only one daughter often insisted that they be given the right to have a second child, in hopes of producing a son. on the other hand, in some regions married couples submitted written commitments to the birth - planning bureaus stating they would respect the one - child policy. despite this variation, it is commonly accepted that preferential treatment in public services ( education, health, and housing ) was normally given to one - child families. parents abiding by the one - child policy often obtained monthly bonuses, usually paid until the child reached the age of 14. especially in urban areas it has become commonplace for couples to willingly limit themselves to one child. cities like shanghai have recently eased the restrictions so that divorcees who remarry may have a second child, but there, as well as in beijing and elsewhere, a second child is considered a luxury for many middle - class couples. in addition to the cost of food and clothing, educational expenses weigh heavily : as in many other countries, parents ' desire to boost their children ' s odds of entering the top universities dictates the best available education from the beginning - and that is not cheap. the end of free schooling in china - another recent landmark - may prove to be an even more effective tool for restricting population growth than any family planning policy. interestingly, the frankfurter allgemeine zeitung has reported that chinese students who manage to obtain a university education abroad often marry foreigners and end up having more than one child ; when they return to china with a foreign spouse and passport they are exempt from the one - child policy. there are other exceptions as well - it is rumored that couples in which both members are only children will be permitted to have two children of their own, for instance - and it is clear that during the policy ' s existence it has not been applied even - handedly to all. chinese national


is rumored that couples in which both members are only children will be permitted to have two children of their own, for instance - and it is clear that during the policy ' s existence it has not been applied even - handedly to all. chinese national minorities have consistently been subject to less restrictive birth planning. there also appears to have been a greater concentration of family planning efforts in urban centers than in rural areas. by early 1980, policy demanded that 95 percent of urban women and 90 percent of rural women be allowed only one child. in the december 1982 revision of the chinese constitution, the commitment to population control was strengthened by including birth planning among citizens ' responsibilities as well as among the tasks of lower level civil administrators. it is a common belief among many chinese scholars who support the one - child policy that if population is not effectively controlled the pressures it imposes on the environment will not be relieved even if the economy grows. more services, fewer sanctions over time, chinese population policy appears to have evolved toward a more service - based approach consistent with the consensus developed at the 1994 international conference on population and development in cairo. according to ru xiao - mei of the state population and family planning commission, " we are no longer preaching population control. instead, we are emphasizing quality of care and better meeting the needs of clients. " family planning clinics across the country are giving women and men wider access to contraceptive methods, including condoms and birth - control pills, thereby going beyond the more traditional use of intrauterine devices and / or sterilization after the birth of the first child. the commission is also banking on the improved use of counseling to help keep fertility rates down. within china, one of the most prevalent criticisms of the one - child policy has been its implications for social security, particularly old - age support. one leading scholar envisions a scenario in which one grandchild must support two parents and four grandparents ( the 4 - 2 - 1 constellation ). this development is a grave concern for chinese policymakers ( as in other countries where aging populations stand to place a heavy burden on social security infrastructures as well as the generations now working to support them ). a related concern, especially in rural china where there is a lack of appropriate pension systems and among families whose only child is a daughter, is that it is sons who have traditionally supported parents in old age. the one - child policy and the preference for sons has also widened the ratio of males to females, raising alarms as the first children born into the one - child generation approach marriage age.


that it is sons who have traditionally supported parents in old age. the one - child policy and the preference for sons has also widened the ratio of males to females, raising alarms as the first children born into the one - child generation approach marriage age. the disparity is aggravated by modern ultrasound technology, which enables couples to abort female fetuses in hopes that the next pregnancy produces a son ; although this practice is illegal, it remains in use. the 2000 census put the sex ratio at 117 boys to 100 girls, and according to the guardian newspaper, china may have as many as 40 million single men by 2020. ( there are several countries where the disparity is even greater. the un population fund reports that countries such as bahrain, oman, qatar, saudi arabia, and united arab emirates have male - to - female ratios ranging between 116 : 100 and 186 : 100. ) however, the traditional chinese preference for sons may be on the decline. dr. zhang rong zhou of the shanghai population information center has argued that the preference for boys is weakening among the younger generation, in shanghai at least, in part because girls cost less and are easier to raise. the sex ratio in shanghai accordingly stands at 105 boys to every 100 girls, which is the international average. shanghai has distinguished itself over the past 25 years as one of the first urban centers to adopt the one - child policy, and it promises to be a pioneer in gradually relaxing the restrictions in the years to come. shanghai was the first region in china to have negative fertility growth ; 2000 census data indicated that the rate of natural increase was - 0. 9 per 1, 000. a major concern remains that as the birth rate drops a smaller pool of young workers will be left to support a large population of retirees. shanghai ' s decision to allow divorced chinese who remarry to have a second child is taking advantage of the central government ' s policy, which lets local governments decide how to apply the one - child rule. although shanghai has devoted much effort to implementing the one - child policy over the past 25 years, the city is now allowing qualifying couples to explore the luxury of having a second child. this is a response to rising incomes ( gdp has grown about 7 percent per year over the past 20 years ) and divorce rates. as noted above, however, many couples, although often better off then their parents, remain hesitant to have more than one child because of the expense. the first generation of only children in china is approaching parenthood accustomed to a level of


divorce rates. as noted above, however, many couples, although often better off then their parents, remain hesitant to have more than one child because of the expense. the first generation of only children in china is approaching parenthood accustomed to a level of economic wealth and spending power - and thus often to lifestyles - that previous generations could not even have imagined. however, china also faces a rapidly aging population. in the larger scheme of things, this may be the true test of the government ' s ability to provide for its citizens. the fate of china ' s family planning strategy - in a context in which social security is no longer provided by family members alone but by a network of government and / or private services - may be decided by the tension between the cost of children and the cost of the elderly. there seems little doubt, however, that family planning will be a key element of chinese policymaking for many years to come. claudia meulenberg, a former worldwatch intern, received her master ' s degree from the george washington university ' s elliott school of international affairs in may and now works at the institute for international mediation and conflict resolution at the hague in her home country of the netherlands. references and readings for each article are available at www. worldwatch. org / pubs / mag /.


| first detailed look at rna dicer | scientists have gotten their first detailed look at the molecular structure of an enzyme that nature has been using for eons to help silence unwanted genetic messages. a team of researchers with berkeley lab and the university of california, berkeley, used x - ray crystallography at als beamlines 8. 2. 1 and 8. 2. 2 to determine the crystal structure of dicer, an enzyme that plays a critical role in a process known as rna interference. the dicer enzyme is able to snip a double - stranded form of rna into segments that can attach themselves to genes and block their activity. with this crystal structure, the researchers learned that dicer serves as a molecular ruler, with a clamp at one end and a cleaver at the other end a set distance away, that produces rna fragments of an ideal size for gene - silencing. rna — ribonucleic acid — has long been known as a multipurpose biological workhorse, responsible for carrying dna ' s genetic messages out from the nucleus of a living cell and using those messages to make specific proteins in a cell ' s cytoplasm. in 1998, however, scientists discovered that rna can also block the synthesis of proteins from some of those genetic messages. this gene - silencing process is called rna interference and it starts when a double - stranded segment of rna ( dsrna ) encounters the enzyme dicer. dicer cleaves dsrna into smaller fragments called short interfering rnas ( sirnas ) and micrornas ( mirnas ). dicer then helps load these fragments into a large multiprotein complex called risc, for rna - induced silencing complex. risc can seek out and capture messenger rna ( mrna ) molecules ( the rna that encodes the message of a gene ) with a base sequence complementary to that of its sirna or mirna. this serves to either destroy the genetic message carried by the mrna outright or else block the subsequent synthesis of a protein. until now, it has not been known how dicer is able to recognize dsrna and cleave those molecules into products with lengths that are exactly what is needed to silence specific genes. the berkeley researchers were able to purify and crystallize a dicer enzyme from giardia intestinalis, a one - celled microscopic parasite that can infect the intestines of humans and animals. this dicer enzyme in giardia is identical to the core of a dicer enzyme


a dicer enzyme from giardia intestinalis, a one - celled microscopic parasite that can infect the intestines of humans and animals. this dicer enzyme in giardia is identical to the core of a dicer enzyme in higher eukaryotes, including humans, that cleaves dsrna into lengths of about 25 bases. in this work, the researchers describe a front view of the structure as looking like an axe. on the handle end there is a domain that is known to bind to small rna products, and on the blade end there is a domain that is able to cleave rna. between the clamp and the cleaver is a flat - surfaced region that carries a positive electrical charge. the researchers propose that this flat region binds to the negatively charged dsrna like biological velcro, enabling dicer to measure out and snip specified lengths of sirna. when you put the clamp, the flat area, and the cleaver together, you get a pretty good idea as to how dicer works. the research team is now using this structural model to design experiments that might reveal what triggers dicer into action. in addition, one size does not fit all for dicer : different forms of the dicer enzyme are known to produce different lengths of sirna, ranging from 21 to 30 base pairs in length or longer. having identified the flat - surfaced positively charged region in dicer as the " ruler " portion of the enzyme, the researchers speculate that it may be possible to alter the length of a long connector helix within this domain to change the lengths of the resulting sirna products. the researchers would like to see what happens when you take a natural dicer and change the length of its helix. research conducted by i. j. macrae and k. zhou ( university of california, berkeley, and howard hughes medical institute ) ; f. li, a. repic, a. n. brooks, and w. z. cande ( university of california, berkeley ) ; p. d. adams ( berkeley lab ) ; and j. a. doudna ( university of california, berkeley, howard hughes medical institute, and berkeley lab ). research funding : national institutes of health. operation of the als is supported by the u. s. department of energy, office of basic energy sciences. publication about this research : i. j. macrae, k. zhou, f. li, a. repic, a. n. brooks, w


tonight will be one of the best chances to see comet panstarrs as it passes 28 million miles from the sun and over 100 million miles from earth. despite the distance, if you are patient and find a good spot to view after sunset, you should be able to see panstarrs near the horizon just after sunset at 6 : 55 tonight. to the unaided eye, it may look like a fuzzy star, but if you have a set of binoculars, you should be able to make out the tail. here is a graph showing the position of panstarrs during the coming week. chart courtesy : space. com on the weather side of things, skies will be clear tonight at 6 : 55 p. m. sunset, but we will be dodging clouds on wednesday – friday. still, opportunities will appear to see the comet if you are lucky and your timing is good. remember, do not use your binoculars until the sun is completely below the horizon … your eyes can be seriously damaged if you look at or near the sun. image courtesy : space. com in case you were wondering how panstarrs got its name, here is the explanation from www. space. com : " comet pan - starrs, which has the official designation c / 2011 l4 ( panstarrs ), was discovered in june 2011 by astronomers using the panoramic survey telescope and rapid response system ( or panstarrs ) telescope in hawaii. the comet made its way into the inner solar system from the oort cloud — a group of icy bodies orbiting the sun in a region that extends from just beyond the orbit of neptune out to a distance of 93 trillion miles. " if you don ' t get to see panstarrs, you ' ll have another chance to see comet oort cloud in late november. this comet promises to be one of the brightest in at least 30 years. we ' ll have more on that on the blog closer to november. in the meantime, bundle up, get your binoculars and head out tonight to see panstarrs. if you are able to photograph it, you can share your pictures here on 14news. com or on the 14news facebook page or the 14first alert facebook page. 1115 mt. auburn road closed captioning contact :


paradnaja lestnitza doma tolstykh overview and history odessa is the largest city on the coastline of the black sea and was once the third largest city in russia, after moscow and st. petersburg. her nicknames are " the pearl of the black sea ", " odessa mama " and " southern palmira. " the name probably comes from the earliest recorded inhabitants, a greek colony called odessos which disappeared around the fourth century ad. here ' s a lightning overview of odessa ' s rulers, from the beginning. first there were the ancient greeks, then miscellaneous nomadic tribes, the golden horde of mongolia, the grand duchy of lithuania, the crimean khanate, the ottoman empire, the russian empire, the u. s. s. r, and finally ukrainian independence in 1991. the founding of the first city in this location dates to 1240 ad and is credited to a turkish tatar named hacibey khan. its name at that time was khadjibey. the first fortress was built in the fourteenth century, when odessa was already becoming a major trading center. the fortress served to protect the harbor. khadjibey became part of the ottoman empire in the early sixteenth century. its fortress was rebuilt by the ottomans and named yeni dunya, around 1764 ad. the eighteenth century saw odessa change hands from turkish to russian control. russia captured odessa in 1789 under the command of jose de ribas, a spaniard who became a russian admiral and played a major part in the victory. jose de ribas gets the credit for founding the modern city of odessa - - his name is remembered in the most prominent street through the heart of odessa - - deribasovskaya street. in the treaty of jassy in 1792, turkey gave over control of a wide swath of land encompassing modern - day ukraine and odessa. the city was rebuilt to be a fort, commercial port and naval base. during the nineteenth century odessa attracted immigrants from greece, bulgaria, romania, armenia and all over europe, enjoying its status as a free port. odessa was bombed by british and french weaponry during the crimean war of the 1850 ' s. after the destruction was repaired, a railroad joined odessa to kiev in 1866 and the city rapidly developed as the main export center for grain production. it became a center of ukranian nationalism at the turn of the 20th century and in 1905 odessa was the scene of a worker ' s uprising, led by sailors from the battleship potemkin. during the uprising hundreds of citizens were murdered on the


it became a center of ukranian nationalism at the turn of the 20th century and in 1905 odessa was the scene of a worker ' s uprising, led by sailors from the battleship potemkin. during the uprising hundreds of citizens were murdered on the staircase that has come to be called " the potemkin steps. " during wwi odessa was bombarded by the turkish fleet and after the bolshevik revolution the city was occupied by the central powers, the french and the red army. in 1922 odessa was unified with the ukranian soviet socialist republic. there was terrible suffering in the famine which took place after the russian revolution in 1921. odessa was taken by german forces in 1941, and almost 300, 00 civilians were killed. it remained under romanian administration during wwii until its liberation by the soviet army in 1944. the city went through another rapid growth period after wwii, with industries of ship - building, oil refineries and chemical processing. the city became part of newly - independent ukraine in 1991 after the fall of communism. by air, the international airport of odessa is where you ' ll arrive and it ' s linked to the city by buses. passenger ships from istanbul, haifa and varna connect with the port. the marine terminal is at the bottom of the potemkin steps. when you get to the top you ' ll be greeted by the duke of richelieu, one of the city ' s founding fathers. this staircase also forms an optical illusion ; looking down from the top, the steps are invisible and the side walls of the staircase appear to run parallel. don ' t be fooled. the main railway station is in the southern part of the city and it ' s connected with trams and buses, as usual, to get you around. people and culture things to do, recommendations the opera house is the oldest and most famous in odessa, built in 1810 with rich decorative rococo style. here ' s a look at the opera theater at night. the palais - royal is adjoined to the opera theater and is also worth a trip to see. on the " must - see " list, deribasovskaya street is the very heart of odessa. its unique character lasted even when adherence to soviet - design styles was strictly promoted - - so here you can find amazing architecture, outdoor cafes and restaurants, cobblestone streets and no vehicle traffic. here ' s a look in the passage shopping mall and hotel in the city center, a cool place to walk around. visit the spaso - preobrazhensky cathedral,


[ author ' s note : although i am employed by the japanese american national museum, this article should not be construed as coming from the national museum. instead, this article is my personal opinion and should be taken as such. ] over the last month, i have posted articles about my grandfather and what happened to him during the second world war. much of my grandfather ’ s story was not unique. approximately 120, 000 japanese americans were illegally incarcerated during the war, their only crime was looking like the enemy. the majority of those incarcerated were american citizens. when most people refer to where the japanese american were held, they use the term : internment camp. but the term is not only inaccurate but also hides what they really were : concentration camps. before you get angry or offended, let me explain. according to the merrian webster dictionary, a concentration camp is “ a camp where persons ( as prisoners of war, political prisoners, or refugees ) are detained or confined. ” the definition of a concentration camp describes exactly what happened to the japanese americans during wwii, where they were political prisoners confined in a camp. one of the reasons people are reluctant to use the term is because they don ’ t want to imply what happened in the united states was similar to what happened to jews and others in europe. but i believe what happened in europe was not a concentration camp but much much worse. a more accurate term would be “ death camp, ” because the main purpose of the european camps was to torture and kill its prisoners. in the book, common ground : the japanese american national museum and the culture of collaborations, the museum curators addressed this debate : a “ concentration camp ” is a place where people are imprisoned not because of any crimes they committed, but simply because of who they are. although many groups have been singled out for such persecution throughout history, the term “ concentration camp ” was first used at the turn of the century in the spanish american and boer wars. during world war ii, america ’ s concentration camps were clearly distinguishable from nazi germany ’ s. nazi camps were places of torture, barbarous medical experiments and summary executions : some were extermination centers with gas chambers. six million jews were slaughtered in the holocaust. many others, including gypsies, poles, homosexuals and political dissidents were also victims of the nazi concentration camps. in recent years, concentration camps have existed in the former soviet union, cambodia and bosnia. despite differences, all had one thing in common : the people in power removed a


homosexuals and political dissidents were also victims of the nazi concentration camps. in recent years, concentration camps have existed in the former soviet union, cambodia and bosnia. despite differences, all had one thing in common : the people in power removed a minority group from the general population and the rest of society let it happen. it should be noted that united states government and military officials ( including the president ) often referred to these places as concentration camps. it is also important to note that not all japanese americans agree with the use of the term. some japanese americans would prefer to use the government terminology. although i disagree with them, it is their right to do so. if concentration camps is the historically most accurate term, is saying interment camp wrong? yes, because internment camp is a euphemism. according to the merrian webster dictionary, a euphemism is “ the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. ” a good example of a euphemism is saying someone was “ eliminated ” versus “ killed. ” think it doesn ’ t make a difference? what images are evoked when you hear concentration camp versus when you hear internment camp? internment seems benign at worst while concentration camp is always construed negatively. that difference is intentional. mako nakagawa, a former teacher and japanese american activist, spoke about the negative effects of the euphemism on the general perception of the world war ii experiences of japanese americans in an interview with the nichi bei, a japanese american newspaper : government - created euphemistic language led to some people actually believing that the japanese americans were being protected and even pampered in the camps. the use of inaccurate terms can, and too often does, distort facts into outright fantasies. the old adage that “ sticks and stones may break bones / but words will never hurt ” is not true. words have power. they can create and they can destroy. every time i write anything, whether it ’ s a screenplay, blog, or email, i remember the following quote from pearl strachan to remind myself how important my words can be : “ handle them carefully, for words have more power than atom bombs. ” internment camp wasn ’ t the only euphemism. here is a short list of some of the other more egregious ones : this last one is so unbelievable ( and not very well known ), i feel it is important to expand on it a little


t the only euphemism. here is a short list of some of the other more egregious ones : this last one is so unbelievable ( and not very well known ), i feel it is important to expand on it a little. in the evacuation order, it states : all japanese persons, both alien and non - alien, will be evacuated from the above designated area by 12 : 00 o ’ clock noon tuesday, april 7, 1942. if an alien is someone who is not a citizen, a non - alien is a citizen. but they couldn ’ t say, “ all japanese person, both citizen and non - citizen will be evacuated ” because it would be too obviously unconstitutional. but if we say non - alien most people wouldn ’ t give it a second thought. hiding the truth of what happened behind euphemistic language doesn ’ t allow us as a country to learn from our mistake and make sure it doesn ’ t happen again. that ’ s why when people ask me about my family ’ s experience in world war ii, i always make sure to start by saying that they were incarcerated for almost six years in america ’ s concentration camps. if you want to learn more, i recommend reading words can lie or clarify : terminology of the world war ii incarceration of japanese americans by aiko herzig - yoshinaga. ( aiko was one of the people responsible for proving that the incarceration of japanese americans was not based on a military necessity but racism. ) finally, mako nakagawa will be speaking at the japanese american national museum on august 27, 2011 at 2pm. she will discuss euphemisms and the importance of using accurate terminology.


coming soon! nanotech on your desktop within 15 years, desktop nanofactories could pump out anything from a new car to a novel nanoweapon, says a technology commentator. and he warns that society needs to start preparing for this brave new world. mike treder from the center for responsible nanotechnology ( crn ) in new york says advanced nanotechnology, like these nanofactories, could help solve world poverty but it could also wreak economic and social chaos. " it ' s the biggest challenge we ' ve ever faced as a species, " says treder, who has been addressing scientists in australia this week. crn is a non - profit organisation advised among others by the so - called father of nanotechnology, dr eric drexler. the organisation says it aims to raise awareness about the benefits and dangers of molecular manufacturing, the precise assembly of products atom - by - atom. while molecular manufacturing is not yet a reality, treder says researchers are already working on building molecular - scale machines that could eventually move atoms around to make products. and he says that in less than 15 years, nanoscale factories could be making consumer products from cups and chairs to cars and house bricks. raw materials like carbon would be pumped into the nanofactory, where atoms would be rearranged to make products according to programs downloaded from the internet, says treder. treder says such desktop nanofactories could help reduce poverty and starvation in developing nations, and provide tremendous medical benefits. but society needs to guard against its potential risks. in particular, he says crn is concerned that these desktop nanofactories would lead to a nano " arms race " in which hard - to - detect nanoweapons could be designed, manufactured and tested much quicker than they are today. " imagine a suitcase filled with billions of toxin - carrying flying robots that could be released anywhere to target a population, " he says. " you could make a suitcase full of these things overnight for a few dollars. " the mass production of consumer goods by private desktop factories could also trigger social chaos due to economic disruption, says treder. " if i can make my own car at home for a couple of hundred dollars with a design downloaded from the internet that means i ' m not a customer of the auto dealer down the road. " waste from such easy manufacturing, or nanolitter, is another issue that needs to be thought about, he says. as is the prospect of nanospam. " if someone could


m not a customer of the auto dealer down the road. " waste from such easy manufacturing, or nanolitter, is another issue that needs to be thought about, he says. as is the prospect of nanospam. " if someone could send you a product online that you don ' t want but they just make it pump out of your nanofactory, how are we going to prevent that? " experts are generally sceptical that desktop factories could exist so soon but welcome treder ' s discussion of impacts of nanotechnology on society. dr peter binks of nanotechnology victoria, a sponsor for treder ' s tour, says his organisation does not " yet buy into the idea " of the desktop factory. " but we don ' t dismiss it either, " he says. " we think there are a large number of technical hurdles to be overcome. " william price, professor of nanotechnology at the university of western sydney says desktop factories may be possible but technical issues will mean this will not be within 15 years. professor chennupati jagadish of the australian research council nanotechnology network, which is also a sponsor for the tour, thinks treder ' s views are imaginative and futuristic. " expecting those sorts of machines in 15 years is probably too optimistic, " he says, estimating they would be more like 30 or 40 years away, if at all. and it ' s this challenge that makes professor ned seeman, of new york university, who is involved in self - assembling arrays of dna machines, sceptical of treder ' s claims. " i think this suggestion is wildly optimistic, " he says. " most of the basic principles have not been demonstrated, much less in a ' desktop ' context. " but even he is not willing to rule the technology out completely. " one hundred years from now anything is possible. "


australian bureau of statistics 4102. 0 - australian social trends, 2004 previous issue released at 11 : 30 am ( canberra time ) 15 / 06 / 2004 | page tools : print page print all rss search this product | national and state summary tables housing data sources and definitions an estimated 99, 900 people were homeless on census night 2001. homeless people are among the most marginalised people in australia and their profile has changed in recent years from that of older, lone men to include more women, youth and families. this article summarises data and analysis from the australian census analytic program report counting the homeless ( abs cat. no. 2050. 0 ) by chris chamberlain and david mackenzie. it estimates the numbers of homeless people in australia in 2001 and discusses their characteristics. the proportion of homeowners or purchasers among younger age groups has diminished between 1986 and 2001. this may be related to economic conditions, a delaying effect due to our changing society, or personal choices. the increasing price of housing is also examined in this article, aswell as the relationship between the size of first home loans and average earnings. housing and lifestyle the number of people living in four or more storey apartment blocks increased at a much faster rate than the overall australian population between 1981 and 2001. this article compares the socio - demographic characteristics of high rise residents with those of people living in separate houses, and discusses some ways in which the high rise residential population has changed over the last two decades. this page last updated 10 april 2007 unless otherwise noted, content on this website is licensed under a creative commons attribution 2. 5 australia licence together with any terms, conditions and exclusions as set out in the website copyright notice. for permission to do anything beyond the scope of this licence and copyright terms contact us.


located in jiangxi province is the largest freshwater fresh water is naturally occurring water on the earth ' s surface in ice sheets, ice caps, glaciers, bogs, ponds, lakes, rivers and streams, and underground as groundwater in aquifers and underground streams. fresh water is generally characterized by having low concentrations of dissolved salts and... a lake is a body of relatively still fresh or salt water of considerable size, localized in a basin, that is surrounded by land. lakes are inland and not part of the ocean and therefore are distinct from lagoons, and are larger and deeper than ponds. lakes can be contrasted with rivers or streams,... chinese civilization may refer to : * china for more general discussion of the country. * chinese culture * greater china, the transnational community of ethnic chinese. * history of china * sinosphere, the area historically affected by chinese culture... it has a surface area of 3, 585 km², a volume of 25 km³ and an average depth of eight meters. the lake provides a habitat for half a million migratory birds, and is a favorite destination for birding. it is fed by the gan, xin, and xiu xiu is a chinese language web site for online shopping, operated in the people ' s republic of china. founded by mr. ji wenhong and mr. jin huang in march 2008, it ' s a vertical e - commerce company, offering middle to luxury brand name fashion products - clothing, shoes, bags, ornaments, cosmetics and... rivers, which connect to the yangtse through a channel. during the winter, the lake becomes home to a large number of migrating siberian crane the siberian crane also known as the siberian white crane or the snow crane, is a bird of the family gruidae, the cranes... s, up to 90 % of which spend the winter there. historically, although poyang lake has also been called pengli marsh ( ) they are not the same. before the han dynasty the han dynasty was the second imperial dynasty of china, preceded by the qin dynasty and succeeded by the three kingdoms. it was founded by the rebel leader liu bang, known posthumously as emperor gaozu of han. it was briefly interrupted by the xin dynasty of the former regent wang mang..., the yangtze followed a more northerly course through what is now lake longgan ( 龍 ) whilst pengli marsh formed the lower reaches of the gan river. the area that is


dynasty of the former regent wang mang..., the yangtze followed a more northerly course through what is now lake longgan ( 龍 ) whilst pengli marsh formed the lower reaches of the gan river. the area that is now poyang lake was a plain along the gan river. around ad 400, the yangtze river switched to a more southerly course, causing the gan river to back up and form lake poyang. the backing up of the gan river drowned poyang county poyang county is a county under the administration of shangrao city in jiangxi province of the people ' s republic of china. it is located on the eastern side of lake poyang.... and haihun county, forcing a mass migration to wucheng township in what is now yongxiu county yongxiu county is a county under jiujiang city in jiangxi province, china. the total area is square kilometre, and the population is as of 200?. - external links :.... wucheng thus became one of the great ancient townships of jiangxi province. this migration gave birth to the phrase, " drowning haihun county gives rise to wucheng township " 「 海 ， 出 城 」. lake poyang reached its greatest size during the tang dynasty the tang dynasty was an imperial dynasty of china preceded by the sui dynasty and followed by the five dynasties and ten kingdoms period. it was founded by the li family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the sui empire..., when its area reached 6000 km². there has been a fishing ban in place since 2002. in 2007 fears were expressed that china ' s finless porpoise the finless porpoise is one of six porpoise species. in the waters around japan, at the northern end of its range, it is known as the sunameri. a freshwater population found in the yangtze river in china is known locally as the jiangzhu or " river pig ". there is a degree of taxonomic uncertainty..., known locally as the jiangzhu ( " river pig " ), a native of the lake, might follow the baiji baiji may refer to : * the baiji or yangtze river dolphin * baiji, iraq, a city of northern iraq. * " baiji " is the pinyin romanization for baekje...., the yangtze river dolphin, into extinction. calls have been made for action to be taken


dolphin * baiji, iraq, a city of northern iraq. * " baiji " is the pinyin romanization for baekje...., the yangtze river dolphin, into extinction. calls have been made for action to be taken to save the porpoise, of which there are about 1, 400 left living, with between 700 and 900 in the yangtze, with about another 500 in poyang and dongting lakes. 2007 population levels are less than half the 1997 levels, and the population is dropping at a rate of 7. 3 per cent per year. sand dredging has become a mainstay of local economic development in the last few years, and is an important source of revenue in the region that borders poyang lake. but at the same time, high - density dredging projects have been the principal cause of the death of the local wildlife population. dredging makes the waters of the lake muddier, and the porpoises cannot see as far as they once could, and have to rely on their highly - developed sonar systems to avoid obstacles and look for food. large ships enter and leave the lake at the rate of two a minute and such a high density of shipping means the porpoises have difficulty hearing their food, and also cannot swim freely from one bank to the other. in 1363, the battle of lake poyang the naval battle of lake poyang took place 30 august – 4 october ad 1363 and was one of the final battles fought in the fall of china ' s mongol - led yuan dynasty... took place there, and it is claimed to be the largest naval battle in history the title of " largest naval battle in history " is disputed between adherents of criteria which include the numbers of personnel and / or vessels involved in the battle, and the total tonnage of the vessels involved... the lake has also been described as the " chinese bermuda triangle ". many ships have disappeared while sailing in it. on 16 april 1945, a japanese troop ship vanished without a trace with 200 sailors.


accessmylibrary provides free access to millions of articles from top publications available through your library. over the years, countless scholarly works have been written about the african - american experience. in addition to examining the african - american ' s place in american history, some scholars have taken special interest in the black family, black youth, and black urban life ( billingsley, 1968 ; frazier, 1939 ; glasgow, 1980 ; glick & mills, 1974 ; gutman, 1976 ; hill, 1973 ; moynihan, 1965 ; wilson, 1987 ). as early as 1908, w. e. b. dubois wrote the negro american family and, years before that, described black life in the city of philadelphia ( 1899 ). since that time, except for that of a handful of scholars, interest in these subjects has waxed and waned, invariably increasing after incidents of urban unrest and turmoil such as the riots of the 1960s. the most recent riot, occurring in los angeles in may 1992, and escalating incidences of senseless urban violence have combined to renew scholarly, as well as public, concern for discovering why such events occur. one has only to look at statistical data compiled and interpreted in book form ( hacker, 1992 ) or data directly from the u. s. bureau of the census or from other government agencies to see why there might be unrest, despair, and even a sense of hopelessness in the black urban ghetto in general and among black young adults in particular. it is clear that these young people have much to contend with and have fewer and fewer tools to overcome the obstacles before them, obstacles that have the power to defeat them even before they are out of infancy. these are forces that weaken the black family, that undermine education, and that glorify violence. the 1990 census report indicates that african - americans make up 11. 9 percent of the total population of this country, yet they disproportionately contribute to statistics which, when translated, portray the face of ongoing human tragedy. to begin with, almost two - thirds of all black babies are now born outside marriage. this means that a large percentage of black families are headed by females. in fact, 56. 2 percent of all black families are headed by women and 55. 1 percent of these women have never been married ( hacker, 1992, pp. 67 - 74 ). more disturbing is the tendency of black teenagers to begin sexual activity at a relatively early age. it is estimated that, by age fifteen, 68. 6 percent of black


women have never been married ( hacker, 1992, pp. 67 - 74 ). more disturbing is the tendency of black teenagers to begin sexual activity at a relatively early age. it is estimated that, by age fifteen, 68. 6 percent of black teenagers have engaged in sexual intercourse. the results of this activity are that some 40. 7 percent of all black teenage girls become pregnant by age eighteen. some 99. 3 percent of these girls elect to keep and raise their babies ( p. 76 ). many of these girls live in multigenerational households with a mother, other children, and the daughter ' s children ( p. 72 ). perhaps the most devastating statistics have to do with the effect these lifestyle patterns have on the way many of these black families live. fifty - six percent of black single parent families have incomes less than the poverty level of $ 10, 530 for a family of three. in fact, 39. 8 percent of families receiving federally sponsored aid for dependent children ( afdc ) are black. this means that they are, because of income, relegated, for the most part, to substandard housing, inadequate health care, and inferior schools. the litany continues, but the statistics concerning black men are particularly disturbing. nationwide, 500, 000 black men are serving time in ' ails and prisons for criminal offenses. more than 1 million have criminal records ( p. 74 ). violent death now accounts for more deaths among young black men than other cause. if a black man is fifteen to twenty - five years old, he is 3. 25 times more likely to die than his black female counterpart. what is most dismaying is that the leading cause of death among black men in this age group is gunshot wounds ( hacker, 1992, p. 75 ). historically, african - americans have, in very large numbers, been poor. in 1990, they made up 10. 1 percent of the work force but received only 7. 8 percent of all earnings. in that same year, the median income for all black families was $ 21, 423 as compared with $ 36, 915 for all white families. in 1990, 37 percent of all black families earned less than $ 15, 000 a year, and 44. 8 percent of all black children lived below the poverty line ( hacker, 1992, pp. 98 - 99 ). even with added education, there still remains an income disparity between blacks and whites. with a high school diploma, black men earn approximately $ 797 for every $ 1


the poverty line ( hacker, 1992, pp. 98 - 99 ). even with added education, there still remains an income disparity between blacks and whites. with a high school diploma, black men earn approximately $ 797 for every $ 1, 000 earned by a white man with the same diploma. with a college degree, black men earn only $ 798 compared with the $ 1, 000 earned by their white counterparts. black women, on the other hand, are much closer to achieving parity with the earnings of white women at every educational level ( hacker, 1992, p. 95 ). the majority of poor african - americans live in the central cities of this country, and 70 percent are concentrated in low income neighborhoods. here, it is difficult to find work or to get to the place of employment even if one is fortunate enough to have a job. with few factory jobs available - - the mainstay of the black working class - - unemployment remains high. the unemployment rate among blacks since 1974 has been in double digit figures. in 1983, it was at a high of 20 percent and has consistently remained twice that of the white unemployed ( hacker, 1992, pp. 102 - 03 ). in the area of education, 63. 3 percent of all black school - age children still attend segregated schools ( hacker, 1992, p. 162 ). this statistic reflects not only school segregation but housing segregation as well since blacks tend to be concentrated in predominantly black neighborhoods. looking more closely at black school attendance patterns on a state by state basis, illinois tops the list of segregated schools, with 83. 2 percent of its black students attending segregated classes. new york is not too far behind, with 80. 8 percent attending segregated schools, followed closely by mississippi, with an 80. 3 percentage, rate ( p. 163 ). to …


community based adaptation the ifad adaptive approach to participatory mapping : design and delivery of participatory mapping projectssubmitted by c. baldin on fri, 2013 - 01 - 25 20 : 00 this document reports on an adaptive approach to designing and implementing participatory mapping initiatives within ifad - supported projects. the adaptive undp / gef supported cba community based adaptation project pilot sites : onamulunga school garden projectsubmitted by andrea on mon, 2011 - 09 - 26 07 : 09 the community - based adaptation programme ( cba ) is a five - year united nations development programme ( undp ) global initiative funded by the global environmental facility ( gef ). undp works with a number of partners including the united nations volunteers and the gef small grants programme ( sgp ). initial cba investments have been made in 20 communities in the northern parts of namibia ( i. e. omusati, oshana, ohangwena, oshikoto and kavango regions ). climate models suggest that these areas are particularly vulnerable and face significant climate change risks, both at present and in future. to facilitate uptake of cba strategies the onamulunga combined school project is focused on integrating adaptation to climate change into school curriculum. the pilot programme at onamulunga combined school in the oshikoto region involves training grade 9 and 10students in adaptation farming methods such as conservation tilling, water harvesting, and micro - drip irrigation and planting drought resistant crops. these methods are subsequently taken up by the students ’ native communities. this project directly contributes towards millennium development goals ( mdgs ) 2 and 7 and, through a special focus on the inclusion of young women and girls, to mdg 3. the project also indirectly contributes to the realization of other mdgs. there are various community based adaptation projects in namibia. the particular project discussed here is implemented by an ngo called creative entrepreneurs solutions ( ces ) that applies cba measures through self - help groups. at the onamulunga combined school in the oshikoto region, grade 9 and 10 students receive practical lessons in how to implement improved farming methods for a future affected by climate change. results and learning : according to a recent field visit by an independent assessor, the onamulunga garden project has achieved many of the intended results. various sites at the school have been prepared for crop agriculture using the latest conservation tilling methods for dry land crops and micro - drip irrigation for vegetables