october, over the last several years has been observed as national breast cancer awareness month throughout not only the united states but worldwide. the purpose of this observance is to increase awareness of the disease and to raise funds for research into its cause, prevention, diagnosis, treatment and a cure. information and support are also offered to those affected by breast cancer. increased awareness and education of symptoms are the best preventive measures anyone, female or male, can have in the fight against breast cancer. breast cancer month supporters hope that an increased knowledge will lead to earlier detection of the disease which in turn will increase the long - term survival rate and that money raised for breast cancer will produce a reliable, permanent cure for the disease. fundraisers are sponsored and held throughout the month in the moberly area to help raise funds for mammograms and other options of detection as well as for treatment of the disease. fundraising events include foot races, walk - a - thons, bicycle rides, and many more. the pink ribbon is a symbol of breast cancer awareness. it may be worn to honor those who have been diagnosed with breast cancer, or to identify products that the manufacturer would like to sell to consumers that are interested in breast cancer. pink ribbons, which can be made inexpensively, are sometimes sold as fundraisers, much like poppies on remembrance day. the pink ribbon is associated with individual generosity, faith in scientific progress and a " can - do " attitude. it encourages consumers to focus on the emotionally appealing ultimate vision o a cure for breast cancer, rather than on the fraught path between current knowledge and any future cures. throughout the years breast cancer awareness campaigns have been highly effective in getting attention for the disease. breast cancer receives significantly more media coverage than other prevalent cancers, such as prostate cancer. people are now talking about the ' fight ' against breast cancer. the awareness campaign is about raising people ' s awareness to increase the chance of early detection and thus decrease the fatality rate of breast cancer. the moberly monitor - index is sponsoring special " pink pages " on each thursday in october to help raise awareness and to share survivor stories with readers. check out today ' s page 9 for information on breast cancer awareness month.


because of their white ancestry, members of the hemings family have been negotiating the color line ever since they left monticello. many of sally hemings ’ s descendants, in particular, have had to continually assert or defend or adjust their racial identity in a society that insisted on a simple division into black or white. the hardening of racial attitudes by the beginning of the twentieth century into the so - called “ one drop ” rule made the situation ever more difficult. while sally hemings ’ s son eston and his family determined to live as white people in the mid - nineteenth century, most of her son madison ’ s descendants continued to identify themselves as black, even though their appearance was racially ambiguous. for generations, they found spouses whose light complexions and caucasian features matched their own. only toward the end of the twentieth century, did they begin to resemble what one descendant called a “ rainbow coalition. ” george ( jack ) pettiford ’ s moment of truth came when he was inducted into the navy in world war ii. when an official tried to put him in a white unit, he insisted that he serve with other blacks. as his widow, jacqueline pettiford, remembered, he kept being pushed toward the white side and had to keep going back to the black side, saying, ‘ this is my line. i want to be what i am. ’ madison hemings ’ s great - granddaughter patricia roberts was often questioned about her ethnicity and some people suggested, “ you don ' t have to be black, you could be whatever you want. ” under no circumstance did she ever consider passing for white, she said. “ that was the way we were brought up, to take pride in who we were. ” almost without exception, hemings descendants interviewed for the getting word project — whatever they looked like — were proud to say, “ i am black. ” " we spoke always about who we were " peggy preacely describes her family ' s emphasis of their african american heritage. theme : racial identity


on hearing recently how one institution uses personality tests in training and teambuilding activities, my first reaction was to think such tests would be a terrible idea for teaching. but then, i thought, maybe an awareness of personality types could be very helpful in communicating with students. let ’ s look at the pros and cons of personality tests as related to teaching music — first the cons, then the pros, and finally a few ideas for how to find some tests and include them in your teaching. 1. the downside of personality tests the teacher ’ s job is to rise above personalities as teachers we ’ re always trying to rise above people ’ s differences, facilitate communication with students and among them. rather than to accept and solidify personality types, teachers try to change them, to shape them. every teaching day, i coax students to see things in new ways. for example, some want to control every movement before they ’ re satisfied, but i have to show them that there are sometimes other priorities — sometimes they need to get a feel for the continuity of a phrase and not control every note within it at the expense of the flow of music. this might mean i am teaching a very concrete personality see things in a more intuitive way. would i be less likely to try to do that if i “ knew ” the student ’ s personality was classified as not receptive to what i was offering? tests can freeze someone ’ s self - perception a student ’ s self - perception can be either your best helper or the worst obstacle. there are times when a student can make a real breakthrough by focusing on their ears and hands and closing their eyes. but if they are convinced they are a visual person, they might refuse to try. if a personality test tells them they are, say, a “ concrete - sequential ” person, they may not be open to trying a physical exercise that is about muscle memory and cannot be verbally analyzed. taking these tests too seriously can cross a line into personal judgment that can easily take you away from a focus on learning music. personality tests are not so accurate in polling, or science and math, the more samples you have, the more accurate your results will be. i think this is also true of personality tests — the more categories there are, the more realistic the results. you may have heard of 8 emotional intelligences, or tests with 5 personality types ; i saw one list of 20 personalities, and there are tests where 4 sliding scales are combined into 16 possible results. the least accurate measurements


the more realistic the results. you may have heard of 8 emotional intelligences, or tests with 5 personality types ; i saw one list of 20 personalities, and there are tests where 4 sliding scales are combined into 16 possible results. the least accurate measurements of personality are probably those which reduce everybody to only 2 types, such as right brain / left brain, or male / female. one friend told me of a personality test which was based on handwriting and drawing. she said that if you draw with a squiggly, haphazard line, you are considered “ artistic ” and “ disorganized ”! clearly a test devised by someone who knows very little of artists! and yet, this test probably had some impact on its unfortunate subjects. 2. the upside of personality tests adding flexibility and focus to teaching methods if you knew that you were teaching a very intuitive student, you might have more patience in explaining something detailed, or you might approach the subject differently. if your student is extroverted, you might consider a more engaging and less judgmental presentation, allowing the extrovert a chance to blast through a new exercise a few times before focusing on needed improvements. in other words, knowing something of the student ’ s disposition could change your approach from the start, rather than trying a new skill the same way as usual with limited success. it could save you having to reinvent the wheel with each student. in many ways, of course, good teachers recognize personalities and adapt to them, but it ’ s certainly possible that if the teacher is aware of different personality types, he / she might come up with new ideas for communicating, with increased patience, less frustration, and maybe even have more fun doing it. here is a link to descriptions of 16 personality types that might be of interest. matching teacher ’ s personality to students what about the teacher taking a personality test? if the teacher has a sense of his / her own personality traits, it might be easier to match up with the learning needs of each student. again, most teachers have a sense of how to do this without taking a test, but it can be helpful to read through some of the personality groups and think about how your personality might best work with each of them. engaging students to solve their own problems if you have students take personality tests, and they have some ideas about their own characteristics, students might feel more engaged in solving their own problems. for example, if a students finds that he / she is considered more on the introverted side but also judgmental,


students take personality tests, and they have some ideas about their own characteristics, students might feel more engaged in solving their own problems. for example, if a students finds that he / she is considered more on the introverted side but also judgmental, maybe that will help the student work on avoiding too much self - judgment while learning new skills. some organizations use personality tests as icebreakers — gathering similar personality types into groups with something to share and laugh about, while underlining that other personality types are out there and need to be respected. sometimes this can make people more articulate about what they want and how they want to approach what they do, knowing that others would do things differently — in other words, it can make them feel more engaged. 3. using personality tests use voluntarily or as a game it seems clear that requiring a personality test of your students would be an intrusion. but offering it as a game, or as a voluntary option, or offering them links to online tests, could be fun for them. in the right circumstances, it could even be used as an icebreaker by putting similar students together, as long as you and they keep a sense of humor about the fact that no personality test can really measure a person. finding personality tests one fun “ personality ” test is the horoscope ; after all, it has 12 possibilities, and can even be broken into sun and moon signs. but again, a sense of humor would be necessary to keep this “ test ” from being taken too seriously. it could be the basis of a fun activity at a music party or a large class. there are several online personality tests, such as the big five test, a jung typology test, another jung - style test, the gregorc learning styles test, or the meyer - briggs test. try them, have fun, and try them with some students. but keep a light touch. as mentioned above in the downside of personality tests, if anyone takes these tests too seriously, they can easily place artificial limits on who they think they are, and on what they can become.


| spreading the word on skimboarding - responsibly | a group of local grade 4 students are taking it to the beach! arrowview elementary ’ s garbage busters club has turned its focus towards keeping local beaches healthy. expanding their focus from clean communities, students have designed and created posters to help educate skimboarders about eelgrass and beach conservation. “ one of the things we ’ ve learned as part of our nearshore beach study is the huge impact that we have on creatures which live in our beach areas, ” says student teacher janet richards. with help from mvihes ’ michele deakin, students learned about the eelgrass beds along the beach tide line and how skimboarding over and through this fragile eco habitat can adversely affect animals and plants. students brainstormed ideas to educate skimboarders to use the beach responsibly including using non - toxic waxes, placing ramps and structures away from the eelgrass beds, and using barren pools instead of tide lines. a new colourful poster campaign will help spread the word to the thousands of beach users this summer. “ the students understand that if we take care of this important resource, it will be there when they get older, ” says teacher jodi waters. look for the student posters around parksville and qualicum beach including businesses which support recreational activities along the beach. this project is part of the nearshore education program offered by mvihes with the support of the town of qualicum beach, the city of parksville and georgia basin living rivers.


until recently, most archaeologists viewed human - animal relationships primarily in terms of their dietary role. but the social and symbolic functions of animals and meat may often be of equal or even greater importance, writes nerissa russell in her newly released book " social zooarchaeology : humans and animals in prehistory " ( cambridge university press ). russell, a cornell associate professor and chair of anthropology, cautions that ignoring the importance of these factors results in interpretations of data " that are just plain wrong. " - business - may 24 zahn prize competition gives undergraduates the opportunity, mentoring to launch startups - business - may 24 women donate less to charity than men in some contexts - life sciences - may 24 driving and hands - free talking lead to spike in errors - life sciences - may 24 two researchers named shaw scientists - arts - may 24 gold shovels dig into another transformative building at stanford - administration - may 24 gov. dayton signs into law request by u of m to fund tuition freeze, enhance critical research - life sciences - may 24 copper on the brain - business - may 24 ualberta leaders to receive province ’ s highest honour - medicine - may 23 the art of holistic health care - literature - may 23 stanford scholar sheds light on greek immigrant ’ s rags - to - riches story - literature - may 23 stanford classics in theater brings the mishaps and mania of euripides ’ the cyclops to hollywood - life sciences - may 23 ucla live - tweets surgery to implant brain pacemaker while patient strums guitar guilt, gender play major roles in human - animal relations animals have always played myriad roles in human societies : as wealth, companions, spirit helpers, sacrificial victims, totems, centerpieces of feasts, objects of taboos and more. but when russell began writing " social zooarchaeology " a decade ago, few people paid attention to more than " protein and calories. " while that has changed, russell ’ s book is the first to provide a systematic overview of social zooarchaeology, the study of past human - animal relations. the deep feeling of kinship people have with animals is nearly universal, says russell. " animals are never neutral objects. even in industrialized agriculture, people have very strong reactions about them. " in societies that rely on hunting, it ’ s understood that being a good hunter requires thinking like the prey. but identifying closely with an animal you ’ re going to kill does not lead to an easy conscience,


have very strong reactions about them. " in societies that rely on hunting, it ’ s understood that being a good hunter requires thinking like the prey. but identifying closely with an animal you ’ re going to kill does not lead to an easy conscience, especially when it ’ s clear the animal has some level of sentience. as a result, guilt - - and how to deal with it - - underlies many human - animal relations, says russell. she notes that sacrifices where the animal takes the place of the human and hunting rituals that put the hunter in the place of the hunted are responses to this guilt. gender, too, has played a major role in human - animal relations, according to russell. equating hunting with sex seems to be nearly universal ethnographically and historically, she says, adding that guilt and gender are pervasive themes throughout the book. it covers such topics, for example, as the metaphors of women as prey and hunter as lover, the identification of women with animals, and the resurgence of hunting or of art depicting hunting during times of change when gender roles are threatened. understanding the long history of human - animal relationships has relevance today, says russell, who admits to frustration that most western discussions of animal and human relations are narrow in scope. " either an animal is a pet or it ’ s an object. a lot of the political impasses we get into that involve animals come from being only able to see those two categories. " " social zooarchaeology " is intended for reference and college classroom use. it has already been chosen as the text for an archaeology course being taught this spring at new york university. linda b. glaser is staff writer for the college of arts and sciences. last job offers - medicine - 25. 5 radiology - assistant, assoicate or full professor wot ( aa3465 ) - medicine - 25. 5 pediatric dentistry - clinical assistant professor, salaried ( nn0355 ) - medicine - 25. 5 pediatric dentistry - clinical assistant professor, dental pathway ( aa3463 ) - pedagogy - 25. 5 asst professor management - civil engineering - 25. 5 assistant or associate professor in urban planning - agronomy - 24. 5 assistant professor of food science - medicine - 23. 5 medical oncology - assistant, associate, or full professor wot ( aa3464 ) - media sciences - 23. 5 political science - assistant or associate professor ( aa3462 )


why not see what your family crest could look like based on your own family characteristics? - first enter your family name. - then enter your family motto. don ' t have one? be creative! - choose two crest colours based on the family characteristics offered. remember if you choose the same qualities for both colours it will be the same colour! - choose a shield based on the family characteristics offered. - choose an icon based on the family characteristics offered. - enjoy your new family crest! right click on your mouse to save your new family crest. have you done something cool with your crest? send us your photos of how you used your newly purchased family crest and enter a prize draw for a $ 30 amazon voucher. coat of arms history traditional family crests stemmed from heraldic arms, also known as coat of arms or armorial bearings. heraldic arms were common throughout europe in the middle ages ( the 1000 years between the 5th and the 16th century ). historically heraldic arms were a design belonging to a particular person or group of people. these designs tended to be used by knights and noble men to identify them apart from enemy soldiers. in such traditions these coat of arms were passed from father to son or from wife to daughter. over time the use of such crests moved from the military to families, regions and other institutions such as educational institutions. in times past your own family ancestors would have approached a heraldic artist or officer of arms to design your family crest. you can do a family search using marriage records and obituaries, or obits, to learn more about your ancestry and the origins of your family crest. your ancestors would have chosen attributes of that family that the officer of arms would depict in the family crest. these attributes would tend have been depicted through various shield designs, colour ( s ) and symbols, known as ‘ charges ’, such as animals and plant designs.


the following html text is provided to enhance online readability. many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to html. please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. defending planet earth : near - earth - object surveys and hazard mitigation strategies or regional effects near the time and place of the impact, but could include, for large impacts, global climate change or tsunamis. but how large an impact and what kind of impact could cause these effects is still uncertain. a research program is needed to address all of these issues in order to assess and quantify the risks associated with the neo impact hazard. the ability to mitigate the impact hazard, or even to define appropriate strategies for mitigating the hazard, likewise depends on the acquisition of the new knowledge and understanding that could be gained through a research program. even if the only viable mitigation approach to an impending impact is to warn the population and to evacuate, better information is needed for making sound decisions. under what conditions should warning be provided and when, and who should evacuate? if, however, there are available active mitigation options, like changing the orbit of an impactor, again better information is needed : one must be able to predict with confidence the response of an impactor to specific forms of applied forces, impacts of various types and speeds, or various types of radiant energy, such as x rays. the required information goes beyond the basic physical characterization that determines the size and mass of the impactor and includes surface and subsurface compositions, internal structures, and the nature of their reactions to various inputs. just as the scope of earthquake research is not limited only to searching for and monitoring earthquakes, the scope of neo hazard mitigation research should not be limited to searching for and detecting neos. a research program is a necessary part of an neo hazard mitigation program. this research should be carried out in parallel with the searches for neos, and it should be broadly inclusive of research aimed at filling the gaps in present knowledge and understanding so as to improve scientists ’ ability to assess and quantify impact risks as well as to support the development of mitigation strategies. this research needs to cover several areas discussed in the previous chapters of this report : risk analysis ( chapter 2 ), surveys and detection of neos ( chapter 3 ), characterization ( chapter 4 ), and mitigation ( chapter 5 ). the committee stresses that this research must be broad in order to encompass all of these relevant and interrelated subjects. recommendation : the


detection of neos ( chapter 3 ), characterization ( chapter 4 ), and mitigation ( chapter 5 ). the committee stresses that this research must be broad in order to encompass all of these relevant and interrelated subjects. recommendation : the united states should initiate a peer - reviewed, targeted research program in the areaof impact hazard and mitigation of neos. because this is a policy - driven, applied program, it should not bein competition with basic scientific research programs or funded from them. this research program shouldencompass three principal task areas : surveys, characterization, and mitigation. the scope should includeanalysis, simulation, and laboratory experiments. this research program does not include mitigation spaceexperiments or tests that are treated elsewhere in this report. some specific topics of interest for this research program are listed below. this list is not intended to be exhaustive : analyses and simulations of ways to optimize search and detection strategies using ground - based or space - based approaches or combinations thereof ( see chapter 3 ) ; studies of distributions of warning times versus sizes of impactors for different survey and detection approaches ( see chapter 2 ) ; studies of the remote - sensing data on neos that are needed to develop useful probabilistic bases for choosing active - defense strategies when warning times of impacts are insufficient to allow a characterization mission ( see chapter 4 ) ; concept studies of space missions designed to meet characterization objectives, including a rendezvous and / or landed mission and / or impactors ; concept studies of active - defense missions designed to meet mitigation objectives, including a test of mitigation by impact with the measurement of momentum transfer efficiency to the target ( see chapter 5 ) ; research to demonstrate the viability, or not, of using the disruption of an neo to mitigate against an impact ; the technological development of components and systems necessary for mitigation ; analyses of data from airbursts and their ground effects as obtained by dedicated networks, including military systems and fireball ( brighter than average meteor ) observations ; also analyses and simulations to assess


herbivory induces massive metabolic reconfigurations in plants. such changes mediate tissue repair, resource allocation and defence. induced plant - defences constitute an array of changes decreasing the plant ' s palatability i. e. directly via toxins and accumulation of proteins that interfere with herbivore digestion but also indirectly via volatile signals that attract the herbivore ' s natural enemy. however, because these defences decrease herbivore fecundity and survival they impose selection pressure on herbivores which in turn are sometimes selected to increase their resistance, something which can only happen when there is sufficient genetic variation. indeed herbivore resistance to plant defences, as to pesticides, occurs frequently. however, recently convincing data emerged that some herbivores do not become resistant to plant defence products directly but, like some virulent pathogens, suppress host plant defences. since the ability to sabotage host plant defences was discovered for several arthropod species independently it might well be a common phenomenon. this notion is strongly supported by the fact that we discovered inducing individuals and suppressing individuals of the tomato pest, the two - spotted spider mite tetranychus urticae, to co - occur in the same population. hence we selected two distinct near - isogenic mite lines via consecutive mother - son crossings, of which one performs poorly on tomato because it induces the classic ja - dependent defence - response whereas the other thrives on tomato because it suppresses those same defences and thus is referred to as being ' stealthy '. however, the stealthy strain is not stealthy in all aspects since it also up regulates genes. this provides the unique opportunity to re - establish the ability of the plant to recognize a stealthy mite via arrangement of promoters induced by stealthy - mites with suppressed potent defence genes by means of genetic engineering. we propose to clone ( 1 ) tomato promoters up regulated during stealthy mite feeding to ( 2 ) reengineer the plant ' s defence by fusing these promoters to the defence genes that stealthy mites suppress. we will follow two parallel research lines, one aimed at foliar defence genes and promoters ( part i ), the other at trichome specific genes and promoters ( part ii ). plants with a ( partially ) restored defence response to stealthy mites we will test for their performance during infestation with other herbivores, for pathogen resistance and fruit production. this research program will highly enrich our fundamental understanding of how plant


destroying a dangerous asteroid with a nuclear bomb is a well - worn trope of science fiction, but it could become reality soon enough. scientists are developing a mission concept that would blow apart an earth - threatening asteroid with a nuclear explosion, just like bruce willis and his oilmen - turned - astronaut crew did in the 1998 film " armageddon. " but unlike in the movie, the spacecraft under development — known as the hypervelocity asteroid intercept vehicle, or haiv — would be unmanned. it would hit the space rock twice in quick succession, with the non - nuclear first blow blasting out a crater for the nuclear bomb to explode inside, thus magnifying its asteroid - shattering power. " using our proposed concept, we do have a practically viable solution — a cost - effective, economically viable, technically feasible solution, " study leader bong wie, of iowa state university, said wednesday at the 2012 nasa innovative advanced concepts ( niac ) meeting in virginia. [ 5 reasons to care about asteroids ] when, not if earth has been pummeled by asteroids throughout its 4. 5 billion - year history, and some of the strikes have been catastrophic. for example, a 6 - mile - wide ( 10 kilometers ) space rock slammed into the planet 65 million years ago, wiping out the dinosaurs. earth is bound to be hit again, and relatively soon. asteroids big enough to cause serious damage today — not necessarily the extinction of humans, but major disruptions to the global economy — have hit the planet on average every 200 to 300 years, researchers say. so humanity needs to have a plan in hand to deal with the next threatening asteroid, many scientists stress. that plan should include deflection strategies, they say. given a few decades of lead time, a threatening space rock could be nudged off course — perhaps by employing a tag - along " gravity tractor " probe, or even by painting the asteroid white and letting sunlight give it a push. but humanity also needs to be prepared for an asteroid that pops up on scientists ' radar just weeks before a potential impact. that scenario might demand the nuclear option that wie and his colleagues are working to develop. a one - two punch nasa engineers identified 168 technical flaws in " armageddon, " wie said. but one thing the movie got right is the notion that a nuke will be far more effective if it explodes inside an asteroid rather than at its surface. ( at a depth of 10 feet, or 3 meters, the bomb ' s destructive power would be about


thing the movie got right is the notion that a nuke will be far more effective if it explodes inside an asteroid rather than at its surface. ( at a depth of 10 feet, or 3 meters, the bomb ' s destructive power would be about 20 times greater, wie said. ) so wie and his team came up with a way to get the bomb down into a hole, without relying on a crew of spacewalking roughnecks to bore into the space rock. the haiv spacecraft incorporates two separate impactors, a " leader " and a " follower. " as haiv nears the asteroid, the leader separates and slams into the space rock, blasting out a crater about 330 feet ( 100 m ) wide. the nuke - bearing follower hits the hole a split - second later, blowing the asteroid to smithereens. simulations suggest the explosion would fling bits of space rock far and wide, leaving only a tiny percentage of the asteroid ' s mass to hit earth, wie said. this is no pie - in - the sky dream : the researchers have received two rounds of funding from the niac program, and they say their plan is eminently achievable. " basically, our proposed concept is an extension of the flight - proven $ 300 million deep impact mission, " wie said, referring to the nasa effort that slammed an impactor into comet tempel 1 in 2005. demonstration mission coming? the haiv project is still in its early stages, and much more modeling and developmental work is needed. but wie and his colleagues are ambitious, with plans for a bomb - free flight test in the next decade or so. space news from nbcnews. com teen ' s space mission fueled by social media science editor alan boyle ' s blog : " astronaut abby " is at the controls of a social - media machine that is launching the 15 - year - old from minnesota to kazakhstan this month for the liftoff of the international space station ' s next crew. - buzz aldrin ' s vision for journey to mars - giant black hole may be cooking up meals - watch a ' ring of fire ' solar eclipse online - teen ' s space mission fueled by social media " our ultimate goal is to be able to develop about a $ 500 million flight demo mission within a 10 - year timeframe, " wie said. the team ' s current work involves analyzing the feasibility of nuking a small but still dangerous asteroid — one about 330 feet ( 100 m ) wide — with little warning


but, first, a little background. remember when people talked about the " 3 - rs, " reading, writing, and ' rithmetic, as the basic ingredients of a sound education? well, there ' s every reason to add a fourth " r " to this list an 8 - letter word that is frequently the focus of controversy, confusion, and even anxiety, for educators, as well as for parents. that word is research! by itself, and without mention of how it is being used, this " r " word commands a sense of authority, and causes us to stop and think and listen. after all, what could be better than making decisions based on the systematic investigation of a particular question and getting at the truth about a particular problem? indeed, we live in a society that is driven by all kinds of data, from the nutritional data on food packages to financial data to data derived from medical tests that report on such things as levels of cholesterol. and we have all come to expect that experts around us are making recommendations and decisions based on factual information that has been organized for analysis so that meaningful conclusions may be drawn. even though most of us are not intimately familiar with the types of research done by the biomedical community ( tissue samples, test tubes, microscopes, and such ), we trust ( or at least hope ) that it is " cutting edge " and that it translates directly into results that are used by our doctors. research - based practices in medicine are the best offense and defense when it comes to staying healthy. the same argument can be made for research in the educational community. after all, don ' t we want colleges of education to prepare teachers who are versed in the most effective, research - based practices? shouldn ' t we depend upon classroom educators to be experts in the delivery of instruction that is based upon carefully researched, tested and proven strategies? there is much that we still do not know about how best to teach and support children, adolescents, and adults with ( and without ) learning disabilities. and unfortunately, less than 0. 01 % of our nation ' s overall annual education budget is spent on research, compared with 5 - 15 % typically spent by corporations. the good news, however, is that there is much that we do know that has not yet found its way into the hands of parents and educators. we are confident that this column will help teachers to expand their repertoire of research - based practices. and we are sure that parents will use this column to arm themselves with information about proven practices


soon after the fukushima accident last month, i stated publicly that a nuclear event of this size and catastrophic potential could present a medical problem of very large dimensions. events have proven this observation to be true despite the nuclear industry ' s campaign about the " minimal " health effects of so - called low - level radiation. that billions of its dollars are at stake if the fukushima event causes the " nuclear renaissance " to slow down appears to be evident from the industry ' s attacks on its critics, even in the face of an unresolved and escalating disaster at the reactor complex at fukushima. proponents of nuclear power – including george monbiot, who has had a mysterious road - to - damascus conversion to its supposedly benign effects – accuse me and others who call attention to the potential serious medical consequences of the accident of " cherry - picking " data and overstating the health effects of radiation from the radioactive fuel in the destroyed reactors and their cooling pools. yet by reassuring the public that things aren ' t too bad, monbiot and others at best misinform, and at worst misrepresent or distort, the scientific evidence of the harmful effects of radiation exposure – and they play a predictable shoot - the - messenger game in the process. 1 ) mr monbiot, who is a journalist not a scientist, appears unaware of the difference between external and internal radiation let me educate him. the former is what populations were exposed to when the atomic bombs were detonated over hiroshima and nagasaki in 1945 ; their profound and on - going medical effects are well documented. internal radiation, on the other hand, emanates from radioactive elements which enter the body by inhalation, ingestion, or skin absorption. hazardous radionuclides such as iodine - 131, caesium 137, and other isotopes currently being released in the sea and air around fukushima bio - concentrate at each step of various food chains ( for example into algae, crustaceans, small fish, bigger fish, then humans ; or soil, grass, cow ' s meat and milk, then humans ). after they enter the body, these elements – called internal emitters – migrate to specific organs such as the thyroid, liver, bone, and brain, where they continuously irradiate small volumes of cells with high doses of alpha, beta and / or gamma radiation, and over many years, can induce uncontrolled cell replication – that is, cancer. further, many of the nuclides remain radioactive in the environment


provide evidence of large and significant impacts on human health and the environment – is arrogant and irresponsible. scientists can and should argue over such things, for example, as confidence intervals around individual estimates ( which signal the reliability of estimates ), but to consign out of hand the entire report into a metaphorical dustbin is shameful. further, as prof dimitro godzinsky, of the ukranian national academy of sciences, states in his introduction to the report : " against this background of such persuasive data some defenders of atomic energy look specious as they deny the obvious negative effects of radiation upon populations. in fact, their reactions include almost complete refusal to fund medical and biological studies, even liquidating government bodies that were in charge of the ' affairs of chernobyl '. under pressure from the nuclear lobby, officials have also diverted scientific personnel away from studying the problems caused by chernobyl. " 4 ) monbiot expresses surprise that a un - affiliated body such as whomight be under the influence of the nuclear power industry, causing its reporting on nuclear power matters to be biased. and yet that is precisely the case. in the early days of nuclear power, who issued forthright statements on radiation risks such as its 1956 warning : " genetic heritage is the most precious property for human beings. it determines the lives of our progeny, health and harmonious development of future generations. as experts, we affirm that the health of future generations is threatened by increasing development of the atomic industry and sources of radiation … we also believe that new mutations that occur in humans are harmful to them and their offspring. " after 1959, who made no more statements on health and radioactivity. what happened? on 28 may 1959, at the 12th world health assembly, who drew up an agreement with the international atomic energy agency ( iaea ) ; clause 12. 40 of this agreement says : " whenever either organisation [ the who or the iaea ] proposes to initiate a programme or activity on a subject in which the other organisation has or may have a substantial interest, the first party shall consult the other with a view to adjusting the matter by mutual agreement. " in other words, the who grants the right of prior approval over any research it might undertake or report on to the iaea – a group that many people, including journalists, think is a neutral watchdog, but which is, in fact, an advocate for the nuclear power industry. the iaea ' s founding papers state : " the agency shall


on to the iaea – a group that many people, including journalists, think is a neutral watchdog, but which is, in fact, an advocate for the nuclear power industry. the iaea ' s founding papers state : " the agency shall seek to accelerate and enlarge the contribution of atomic energy to peace, health and prosperity through the world. " monbiot appears ignorant about the who ' s subjugation to the iaea, yet this is widely known within the scientific radiation community. but it is clearly not the only matter on which he is ignorant after his apparent three - day perusal of the vast body of scientific information on radiation and radioactivity. as we have seen, he and other nuclear industry apologists sow confusion about radiation risks, and, in my view, in much the same way that the tobacco industry did in previous decades about the risks of smoking. despite their claims, it is they, not the " anti - nuclear movement " who are " misleading the world about the impacts of radiation on human health. " • helen caldicott is president of the helen caldicott foundation for a nuclear - free planet and the author of nuclear power is not the answer see, for example, wj schull, effects of atomic radiation : a half - century of studies from hiroshima and nagasaki ( new york : wiley - lis, 1995 ) and de thompson, k mabuchi, e ron, m soda, m tokunaga, s ochikubo, s sugimoto, t ikeda, m terasaki, s izumi et al. " cancer incidence in atomic bomb survivors, part i : solid tumors, 1958 - 1987 " in radiat res 137 : s17 - s67 ( 1994 ). this process is called bioaccumulation and comes in two subtypes as well, bioconcentration and biomagnification. for more information see : j. u. clark and v. a. mcfarland, assessing bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms exposed to contaminated sediments, miscellaneous paper d - 91 - 2 ( 1991 ), environmental laboratory, waterways experiment station, vicksburg, ms and h. a. vanderplog, d. c. parzyck, w. h. wilcox, j. r. kercher, and s. v. kaye, bioaccumulation factors for radionuclides in freshwater biota, ornl - 5002 ( 1975 ), environmental sciences division publication,


august 28, 2010 for the soul of france : culture wars in the age of dreyfus by frederick brown ( knopf, 304 pp., $ 28. 95 ) the phrase “ culture wars ” has a peculiarly contemporary and american sound. its very hyperbole captures something about our over - excited political culture. it summons up images of sarah palin denouncing liberal elites to the tea party convention, or of hippies facing off against riot police. it triggers associations with a series of “ hot button ” american issues : gay marriage, abortion, gun control, prayer in schools. yet “ culture wars ” are in fact endemic to western modernity. they may be defined as conflicts that divide a country less along regional, confessional, racial, economic, or even ideological lines than according to more inchoate but easily grasped disagreements over basic values, assumptions, and beliefs. the long - standing russian disputes between westernizers and slavophiles qualify as a culture war. germany came close to inventing the phrase with its kulturkampf ( “ culture struggle ” ) of the late nineteenth century, although that particular battle had a distinctly confessional and anti - catholic accent. and it certainly fits modern france. it was in 1820 that the historian augustin thierry memorably observed that “ we believe we are one nation, but we are actually two nations on the same soil, two nations at war in their memories and irreconcilable in their hopes for the future. ” of course, those who bemoan culture wars are usually waging them at the same time, and thierry himself offers a good illustration. he may have been commenting on the harsh divisions that persisted even after the revolutionary and napoleonic traumas, but he was also helping to deepen them, through a particularly corrosive variety of historical mythmaking. a secular liberal, he meant “ two nations ” in the most literal possible sense, for he cast his conservative aristocratic enemies as literal aliens — invading “ franks ” who had remained racially distinct from and socially opposed to the country ’ s native gauls since late antiquity. his solution to the problem of france ’ s culture wars was simple : victory over the intruders. by the late nineteenth century, few french people still believed that they could trace their problems directly back to the fifthcentury. but the country ’ s culture wars were still very much in progress, and frederick brown is quite right to use the phrase in the subtitle of his wonderful book. in fact


that they could trace their problems directly back to the fifthcentury. but the country ’ s culture wars were still very much in progress, and frederick brown is quite right to use the phrase in the subtitle of his wonderful book. in fact, france ’ s great modern culture wars arguably stretched over an even longer period, taking shape before the french revolution and lasting into the mid - twentieth century. of course, the genealogy of the contending parties is anything but clear. resisters and vichyites were not the same thing as dreyfusards and anti - dreyfusards, who in turn differed from mid - nineteenth - century republicans and legitimists, restoration - era liberals and “ ultras, ” revolutionary jacobins and counter - revolutionaries, and the philosophes and anti - philosophes of the enlightenment. yet there were still strong continuities, which the participants themselves recognized. at any moment, france had millions of inhabitants who saw their country as the natural home of reason, of enlightenment, of science, and of cosmopolitan openness to the world. and it had millions of others who insisted it was properly a land of catholic faith and mission, of monarchical tradition, and of a closed, organic social structure. between the two sides, there was rarely much common ground. as brown shows, the late nineteenth century saw two major - and related — shifts in the country ’ s long cultural quarrel. the first was the consolidation of the secular republic. between 1789 and 1871, france had lurched erratically back and forth between monarchy, republic, and bonapartist empire, experiencing three revolutions, five coups d ’ etat, and two regime - changing military debacles in the process, as well as countless smaller insurrections. the constitution changed so often that, according to a long - standing joke, the french national library kept its copies in the “ periodicals ” section. in 1870 - 1871, napoleon iii ’ s second empire collapsed after its humiliating defeat in the franco - prussian war, and even as the victors proclaimed the new german empire in the hall of mirrors at versailles, politicians in paris founded the third republic. it got off to an extremely rocky start : in the spring of 1871, parisian radicals rebelled against it and created the alternative government of the commune, which the republic bloodily suppressed. for several years thereafter, a conservative legislature seemed on the verge of restoring the monarchy yet again, only to have the project founder on the intransigence of the pretender to the throne


government of the commune, which the republic bloodily suppressed. for several years thereafter, a conservative legislature seemed on the verge of restoring the monarchy yet again, only to have the project founder on the intransigence of the pretender to the throne, the feeblest of the bourbons, who refused to reign under the revolution ’ s tricolor flag. republicans also averted the threat of yet another coup, by the charismatic general georges boulanger, and by the 1890s the regime finally seemed to rest on solid ground. its supporters meanwhile proceeded with an ambitious program to remove the catholic church from public life, establishing a system of free, state - run primary education and then, in 1905, formally separating church and state. the opponents of the republic never accepted its legitimacy, but increasingly — and this is the second shift that brown recounts — they found another target for their outrage. in 1886, a third - rate journalist named edouard drumont published la france juive, or jewish france, which became one of the greatest best - sellers in french history, going through 140 editions in just two years and making the fortune of the flammarion publishing house. france had of course known anti - semitism before, but in the 1880s it began to take on an astonishing new virulence, and became ever more central to french life. drumont and his followers spun out bizarre and tortuous conspiracy theories, eventually involving a secret jewish syndicate they dubbed the sanhedrin, and a secret rabbinic association called the kahal, supposedly bent on world domination. ( the idea helped to inspire the russian secret police ’ s elders of zion. ) when a prominent bank, closely linked to conservatives and the church, went bankrupt in 1882, the anti - semites blamed jewish financiers. when an early french - financed attempt to dig a canal in panama collapsed amid scandal a few years later, with some jewish figures playing a role, it was a “ jewish disaster. ” drumont founded a newspaper, la libre parole, to advance his views, and everywhere it found evidence of further jewish plots. when a flood drove drumont out of his paris apartment in 1910, he blamed it on deforestation financed by cousins of the rothschilds. his message spread throughout the country, relayed in large part by catholic clergy. “ we are being pillaged, dishonored, exploited, and emptied by the jew, ” brown quotes, almost at random, from a diocesan newsletter. “ servile, slithering, artful, filthy


large part by catholic clergy. “ we are being pillaged, dishonored, exploited, and emptied by the jew, ” brown quotes, almost at random, from a diocesan newsletter. “ servile, slithering, artful, filthy, and vile when he is the weaker one, he becomes arrogant when he has the upper hand, as he does now. the jew is our master.... when one of these vultures swoops down on the finances of a people, he pilfers, ransoms, tears, flays, strangles. ” in this mephitic climate, it is hardly surprising that when the french intelligence services came across evidence of a high - placed german mole in the french army in 1894, suspicion immediately fell on a jewish officer. army officials quickly conducted a kangaroo court - martial of alfred dreyfus, failing to disclose exculpatory evidence. dreyfus received a life sentence, to be served on devil ’ s island, where such sentences were usually short. and then, what had started as a simple, albeit egregious miscarriage of justice turned into the affair. as the extent of official misconduct became clear, in large part thanks to the heroic efforts of dreyfus ’ s family, desperate officers brazenly forged further evidence against him. they even went so far as to protect the real mole, ferdinand esterhazy, when his guilt became apparent, to preserve the honor of the army. the question of alfred dreyfus dominated headlines and public discussion, divided families, and seemed once again to threaten the republic ’ s survival. it took many years, a tortuous series of trials, and an unprecedented campaign for public opinion — exemplified by the dreyfusard emile zola ’ s j ’ accuse, his famous open letter to the president of the republic — before dreyfus finally won exoneration in 1906. but the real significance of the dreyfus affair derives from the torrent of sheer smoking venom that flowed from the mouths and the pens of the anti - dreyfusards. a few years ago the french sociologist and historian pierre birnbaum skillfully demonstrated its full, horrifying extent in a book called the anti - semitic moment. in virtually every corner of the country, jews were vilified and threatened, and mobs paraded in the street calling for their deaths. an anti - semitic league founded by drumont flourished, with hundreds of branches throughout france. outside observers reacted with horror, including


of the country, jews were vilified and threatened, and mobs paraded in the street calling for their deaths. an anti - semitic league founded by drumont flourished, with hundreds of branches throughout france. outside observers reacted with horror, including the austrian jewish journalist theodor herzl, who drew the lesson that jews could live normal lives only in a homeland of their own, and went on to found the zionist movement. for french jews themselves, the dreyfus affair had a more ambiguous conclusion. after all, dreyfus was finally vindicated. justice, and the republic, prevailed in the end. and despite the outpouring of anti - semitism, the affair led to surprisingly little bloodshed. in metropolitan france, not a single jew lost his life, although two were killed in french algeria. fittingly enough for this most verbal of countries, the dreyfus affair was a pogrom of words. still, the place of the jews in france hardly seemed secure. as historians have often remarked, at the turn of the twentieth century, the european country that seemed most likely to perpetrate a holocaust was not germany or austria, but france. frederick brown devotes the longest chapter of his learned book to the dreyfus affair, and rightly so, for it was by far the greatest battle in these culture wars. brown does not enter into debate with other historians, or offer opinions on the largest historical issues posed by the affair — for instance, whether this new anti - semitic moment differed in fundamental ways from earlier waves of european jewhatred. he is content to tell the story, cogently and clearly. his narrative, though, certainly suggests a connection between anti - semitism and the consolidation of the republic. it notes that contemporaries themselves saw jews as symbols of the republican order, and anti - semitism as a stalking horse for its opponents ( in the words of the anarchist louise michel, as “ a pretext by means of which monarchist catholics might put the republic in mortal danger ” ). but he lets readers draw their own conclusions. he follows much the same strategy in the rest of the book. he does not try to give an exhaustive history of french cultural conflict in the late nineteenth century. instead, he offers readers a somewhat meandering but consistently instructive series of episodes and sketches, starting with the controversies around ernest renan ’ s attempt to write a “ historical ” life of jesus, in the 1860s, which scandalized observant catholics. he gives short,


. ” as befits the author of celebrated lives of flaubert and zola, brown is at his best in biographical mode. he does particularly well with the industrious, methodical engineer gustave eiffel, creator of the eponymous tower. as the book reminds us, initially the eiffel tower received as much criticism as applause, and not only from the surprisingly numerous artists who denounced it as “ an odious column of bolted metal. ” the project originally came about as part of an exhibition marking the centenary of the french revolution, and celebrating the triumph of reason and science. and as its frame rose high above the city, it all too obviously challenged the other great parisian construction project of the period : the lugubrious basilica of the sacred heart, or sacre - coeur, which was beginning to loom over the city from the heights of montmartre. ( it was not finished until 1914. ) the catholic church originally conceived of sacre - coeur as a reminder of and “ expiation ” for the city ’ s sins during the commune, when the city ’ s archbishop was taken hostage and then shot. brown has a particularly brilliant sketch of georges boulanger, the charismatic and vainglorious general who came close to seizing power at the end of the 1880s. boulanger initially posed not as a combatant in france ’ s culture wars but as an “ apolitical ” solution to them, and in this regard he resembled a succession of generals who tried to play similar roles throughout modern french history, bonaparte and de gaulle most successfully. french republicans and monarchists alike have historically distrusted populist appeals to the crowds, preferring to put their faith in impersonal institutions. but boulanger, like bonaparte, defied these conventions, highlighting his own heroic life story ( including feats of derring - do in algeria and indochina, and a serious wound incurred during the italian war of independence ), and making carefully planned appearances astride a splendid black charger. as brown nicely remarks, he knew how to create “ the illusion of depth. ” the figure of the charismatic general in politics actually came closer to the nineteenth - century american political model than to the french — and not coincidentally, as brown notes, boulanger formed many of his political ideas during a visit to the unitedstates in 1881. “ when left alone, ” brown writes, “ he concluded that jacksonian democracy worked better than french republicanism. ” by the end of the decade, however,


formed many of his political ideas during a visit to the unitedstates in 1881. “ when left alone, ” brown writes, “ he concluded that jacksonian democracy worked better than french republicanism. ” by the end of the decade, however, boulanger had lost faith in democracy of any sort, and slipped closer to the far right. his story ended farcically, as his opponents charged him with attempting to subvert the republic and embezzling money from the war ministry, and his political movement quickly collapsed. in 1891, stricken by grief at the death of his mistress, he traveled to her graveside in brussels, leaned back against her tombstone, and blew his brains out. boulanger could not bring the culture wars to an end. neither could dreyfus ’ s vindication in 1906. and despite a so - called “ holy union ” in 1914 - 1918, neither could world war i, which brown briefly discusses at the very end of his book. in fact, in the 1920s and 1930s the conflicts turned viciously and destructively ideological, with the rise of the french communist party, the formation of various fascist and reactionary groups, and a right - wing attempt to overthrow the republic in 1934. the culture wars ended only when the catholic monarchist right made its pact with the devil under vichy, not only accepting nazi rule but also taking advantage of it to make a final reckoning with its enemies, notably the jews. vichy authorities arrested and deported some 76, 000 jews, nearly all of whom died in the extermination camps. the liberation in 1944 left these culture warriors largely discredited, and despite occasional stirrings since then, the battles of the age of dreyfus are well and truly over. since 1944, in fact, france has known a remarkable degree of cultural consensus. this does not always appear obvious from the american media ’ s coverage of the country, which mostly seems to feature riots, protests, and strikes. but vocal opposition to government reforms, such as the recent attempts to shake up higher education, or to loosen labor laws, amounts in large part to a traditional form of french political theater, and does not point to any fundamental division over values, assumptions, or beliefs. catholicism, a principal player in the older culture wars, has a shockingly small place in french public life today. in one recent poll, only slightly more than half the population described themselves as even nominally catholic. gay rights and abortion evoke very little passion, as compared to the united states. neither does


has a shockingly small place in french public life today. in one recent poll, only slightly more than half the population described themselves as even nominally catholic. gay rights and abortion evoke very little passion, as compared to the united states. neither does the large role taken by government throughout society, including in areas such as health care. to be sure, the problems related to immigrant populations, and particularly the challenge posed by radical islam, have generated tremendous anxieties. but with the exception of a relatively small minority, most french people agree in general terms about the need to “ integrate ” these populations. if the muslim population continues its present rate of expansion ( a doubtful proposition ), and if radical islam flourishes within it, then a new and virulent set of culture wars could well break out in the future, as christopher caldwell has warned. but for the moment, thankfully, this future is anything but assured. so france is no longer the “ two nations on the same soil ” that augustin thierry described almost two centuries ago. thierry ’ s essay itself now appears somewhat ironic, for it was mostly not about france at all, but about the united states. thanks to the american revolution, thierry argued, “ america has expelled from its shores the nation that claimed to rule over it, ” and therefore achieved the sort of ethnic unity and freedom that the divided french could only dream of. but the two countries ’ more recent history has demonstrated all too clearly that culture wars are not merely the remnants of ancient ethnic animosity. they can bubble up from within a seemingly homogeneous, consensual body politic, and split it dangerously apart. it is happening all too obviously in the united states today, and as a result thierry ’ s lament about “ two nations on the same soil ” is now our own. we must hope that the divisions begin to heal before our culture wars turn as vicious and ugly as the ones that frederick brown has described. or has that already happened? david a. bell, a contributing editor to the new republic, teaches history at princeton.


by analyzing tissues harvested from organ donors, columbia university medical center ( cumc ) researchers have created the first ever " atlas " of immune cells in the human body. their results provide a unique view of the distribution and function of t lymphocytes in healthy individuals. in addition, the findings represent a major step toward development of new strategies for creating vaccines and immunotherapies. the study was published today in the online edition of the journal immunity. t cells, a type of white blood cell, play a major role in cell - mediated immunity, in which the immune system produces various types of cells to defend the body against pathogens, cancer cells, and foreign substances. " we found that t cells are highly compartmentalized — that is, each tissue we examined had its own complement of t cells, " said study leader donna l. farber, phd, professor of surgical sciences at cumc and a principal investigator with the new columbia center for translational immunology ( ccti ), directed by megan sykes, md. " the results were remarkably similar in all donors, even though these people were very different in terms of age, background, and lifestyle. " the researchers also discovered a receptor that is expressed on the surface of " tissue - resident " t cells but not on circulating t cells. using this marker, dr. farber and her colleagues established that the blood is its own compartment. " in other words, t cells found in circulation are not the same as t cells in the tissues, " said dr. farber.


61. 1. statement of the principle of typification. each nominal taxon in the family, genus or species groups has actually or potentially a name - bearing type. the fixation of the name - bearing type of a nominal taxon provides the objective standard of reference for the application of the name it bears. 61. 1. 1. no matter how the boundaries of a taxonomic taxon may vary in the opinion of zoologists the valid name of such a taxon is determined [ art. 23. 3 ] from the name - bearing type ( s ) considered to belong within those boundaries. 61. 1. 2. objectivity provided by typification is continuous through the hierarchy of names. it extends in ascending order from the species group to the family group. thus the name - bearing type of a nominal species - group taxon is a specimen or a set of specimens ( a holotype, lectotype, neotype or syntypes [ art. 72. 1. 2 ] ), that of a nominal genus - group taxon is a nominal species defined objectively by its type ; that of a nominal family - group taxon is the nominal genus on which its name is based. 61. 1. 3. once fixed, name - bearing types are stable and provide objective continuity in the application of names. thus the name - bearing type of any nominal taxon, once fixed in conformity with the provisions of the code, is not subject to change except in the case of nominal genus - group taxa as provided in article 70. 3. 2, of nominal species - group taxa as provided in articles 74 and 75, and by use of the plenary power of the commission [ art. 81 ]. 61. 2. name - bearing types of nominotypical taxa. the name - bearing type of a nominal taxon is also the name - bearing type of its nominotypical taxon [ arts. 37. 1, 44. 1, 47. 1 ], and the fixation of a name - bearing type for one constitutes fixation for the other also. 61. 2. 1. if different name - bearing types are fixed simultaneously for a nominal taxon and for its nominotypical taxon, the fixation for the taxon at higher rank takes precedence. 61. 3. name - bearing types and synonymy. 61. 3. 1. if nominal taxa with different name - bearing types are referred to a single taxonomic taxon, their names are subjective synonyms at the rank of that taxon ( but need not be synonym


. name - bearing types and synonymy. 61. 3. 1. if nominal taxa with different name - bearing types are referred to a single taxonomic taxon, their names are subjective synonyms at the rank of that taxon ( but need not be synonyms at a subordinate rank ). example. the different name - bearing types of psittacus elegans gmelin, 1788 and platycercus flaveolus gould, 1837 are considered to belong to a single taxonomic species of rosella parrot of which platycercus elegans ( gmelin, 1788 ) is the valid name. although the names are subjective synonyms at the rank of species, they are not synonyms at the subordinate rank of subspecies of platycercus elegans, for which the valid names are pl. e. elegans ( gmelin, 1788 ) and pl. e. flaveolus gould, 1837. 61. 3. 2. if two or more objectively synonymous generic names have been used as the basis for names in the family group, the family - group names are objective synonyms. 61. 3. 3. if two or more nominal genus - group taxa have the same type species, or type species with different names but based on the same name - bearing type, their names are objective synonyms. 61. 3. 4. if two or more nominal species - group taxa have the same name - bearing type, their names are objective synonyms. 61. 4. designation of a subgenus or subspecies as a name - bearing type. if a nominal subgenus is fixed as the name - bearing type of a nominal family - group taxon, it is deemed to have been raised first to the rank of genus. if a nominal subspecies is fixed as the name - bearing type of a nominal genus - group taxon, it is deemed to have been raised first to the rank of species. example. planigale troughton, 1928 ( mammalia ) was established with the species p. subtilissima ( lonnberg, 1913 ), p. tenuirostris troughton, 1928 and p. ingrami ( thomas, 1906 ) and the subspecies p. ingrami brunnea troughton, 1928. in the original description, the latter " subspecies of ingrami " was designated the type of planigale by the term " genotype ". p. brunnea troughton, 1928 is the type species by original designation, not p. ingrami ( thomas, 1906 ).


environmental news : media centermain page | archive for immediate release press contact : dr. susan subak, 202 - 289 - 2417 if you are not a member of the press, please write to us at firstname. lastname @ example. org or see our contact page. major changes ahead due to global warming, says new federal report mid - atlantic region may be particularly vulnerable washington ( june 12, 2000 ) - the first comprehensive assessment of global warming ' s potential impact on the united states warns that some u. s. ecosystems are likely to disappear entirely as a result of climate change. the 145 - page overview, " climate change impacts on the united states, " was released today for public comment by the u. s. global change research program. researchers at pennsylvania state university released a companion overview on the mid - atlantic region earlier this year that details the potential harm caused by rising temperatures and sea levels on an area stretching from southeastern new york state to north carolina. the mid - atlantic regional assessment overview report is available on the web at http : / / www. essc. psu. edu / mara /. " the mid - atlantic assessment shows that many of the region ' s distinct natural features could deteriorate as a result of changing climate, " says susan subak, a senior research associate at the natural resources defense council. " whether we ' re talking about chesapeake bay fisheries and recreational areas or southern appalachian forest and bird habitats, rising temperatures would put further stress on natural systems in this populous region. cutting our consumption of fossil fuels, particularly from vehicles and electricity, would limit the increase of heat - trapping gases in the atmosphere, and help prevent the worst - case scenarios. " the national assessment evaluates global warming ' s potential impact on 20 geographic areas and five sectors : agriculture, coastal areas, forests, human health and water resources. the draft report ' s main findings include : - continued growth in worldwide emissions is likely to increase average temperatures across the united states by 5 - 10 degrees fahrenheit by 2100. - some ecosystems, such as alpine meadows in the rocky mountains and some barrier islands, are likely to disappear entirely, while others, such as forests of the southeast, are likely to experience major species shifts or break up. - drought is an important concern in every region and many regions are at risk from increased flooding and water quality problems. snowpack changes are especially important in the west, pacific northwest, and alaska. - climate change and the resulting rise in sea level are likely to exace


important concern in every region and many regions are at risk from increased flooding and water quality problems. snowpack changes are especially important in the west, pacific northwest, and alaska. - climate change and the resulting rise in sea level are likely to exacerbate threats to buildings, roads, powerlines, and other infrastructure in climatically sensitive places, such as low - lying coastlines. - climate change will very likely magnify the cumulative impacts of other stresses, such as air and water pollution and habitat destruction. for some systems, such as coral reefs, the effects are very likely to exceed a critical threshold, bringing irreversible damage. - heat stress from higher summer temperatures, more frequent and extensive flooding, and extended ranges of disease - bearing insects may increase the risk of illness and pose additional challenges to the public health care system. some adverse impacts will be unavoidable because heat - trapping gases are long - lasting in the atmosphere, and because emissions already have changed our climate. these impacts will be aggravated by other stresses on the environment and by changing socioeconomic conditions. the national assessment offers americans suggestions on preparing for global warming. one of the most important is to limit the impact of development on the environment, especially in areas vulnerable to species and habitat loss. by reducing these stresses, we can support the capacity of natural ecosystems and communities to respond to a changing climate. more than 250 scientists assisted in the national assessment, and countless other experts and stakeholders contributed to the workshops and to the technical review of the documents. there will be a 60 - day public comment period after the report is released. the natural resources defense council is a national, non - profit organization of scientists, lawyers and environmental specialists dedicated to protecting public health and the environment. founded in 1970, nrdc has more than 400, 000 members nationwide, served from offices in new york, washington, los angeles and san francisco. sign up for nrdc ' s online newsletter nrdc gets top ratings from the charity watchdogs - charity navigator awards nrdc its 4 - star top rating. - worth magazine named nrdc one of america ' s 100 best charities. - nrdc meets the highest standards of the wise giving alliance of the better business bureau.


press release 10 - 142 gulf oil spill : nsf awards grant to study effects of oil and dispersants on louisiana salt marsh ecosystem researchers measuring impacts of short - and long - term exposure in extensive gulf coast marshes august 16, 2010 as oil and dispersants wash ashore in coastal louisiana salt marshes, what will their effects be on these sensitive ecosystems? the national science foundation ( nsf ) has awarded a rapid response grant to scientist eugene turner of louisiana state university and colleagues to measure the impacts on gulf coast salt marshes. the researchers will track short - term ( at the current time, and again at three months ) and longer - term ( at 11 months ) exposure to oil and dispersants. the coast of louisiana is lined with extensive salt marshes whose foundation is two species of spartina grass. in brackish marshes, spartina patens is the dominant form. it ' s locally known as wiregrass, marsh hay and paille a chat tigre ( hair of the tiger ). in more saline marshes closer to the gulf of mexico, spartina alterniflora, also called smooth cordgrass and oyster grass, takes over. a tall form of this wavy grass grows on the streamside edge of the marsh ; a shorter form grows behind it. in their nsf study, the biologists will document changes in these critically - important spartina grasses, as well as in the growth of other salt marsh plants, and in marsh animals and microbes. field investigators will collect samples three times at 35 to 50 sites and analyze the oil and dispersants after each expedition. the first field effort is now underway. " data are being collected that may be used as indicators of the long - term health of the salt marsh community, " says turner. " from these data, we will obtain information that precedes potentially far - reaching changes. " this exceptionally large oil spill and subsequent remediation efforts are landmark opportunities to learn about short - and long - term stressors on salt marsh ecosystems. " salt marsh stressors, such as those from oil spills, can have dramatic, visible, and immediate direct impacts, turner says, on marshes and surrounding uplands. " they also have indirect effects because, as oil and dispersants begin to degrade, they enter food webs via primary consumers such as suspension - feeding oysters, deposit - feeding bivalves, and grazing gastropods, " says david garrison of nsf ' s division of ocean sciences, which funded


socrates tryon ( 1816 - 1855 ) socrates hotchkiss tryon lived in vermont, iowa, and hawaii before coming to oregon in 1849. he settled on land located between portland and oregon city, and in 1975, his claim became the tryon creek state natural area. tryon was born in pawlet, vermont, on january 24, 1816, to jesse tryon and laura hotchkiss. after graduating from castleton medical college, he married frances safely. the couple moved to linn county, iowa, in 1838, where tryon was the county ’ s first doctor. in 1840, he became clerk of iowa ' s third judicial district. in the early 1840s, tryon left his family in iowa to travel to the hawaiian islands, where he practiced medicine, and returned to iowa in 1844. he served as a delegate to iowa ’ s second constitutional convention in 1846 ; his first child, socrates jr., was born the same year. tryon sold his land three years later and traveled to oregon with his father and two brothers. frances tryon and socrates jr. sailed to san francisco, where frances operated a boarding house and waited for word on whether or not tryon wanted to stay in oregon. in oregon, tryon took out a donation land claim of 645 acres bordering the west side of the willamette river south of portland. the claim contained most of a canyon forested with virgin cedar and douglas - fir, as well as the creek that ran through it. tryon built a house and sawmill and established a small farm on the land. his father died in 1850. frances and their son joined socrates in 1851 after the great fire swept through san francisco. their second child, sallie, was born in late 1851. tryon reportedly died of sciatic rheumatism in 1855. he had set aside $ 4, 000 for the children ’ s education, but frances ’ s second husband, a mr. young, stole the inheritance. frances managed to put her children through school by working the farm herself and doing laundry for the girls ’ school in lake oswego. the children sold the land to the oregon iron company for $ 7, 000 in 1874. the creek running on the property continued to be called tryon creek, and tryon ’ s house, built in the greek revival style, stood at 250 stampher road until it was torn down in the 1990s. written by : lachlan johnson brevik, denis. “ tryon - l archives. ” rootsweb,


every year, dogs bite about 4. 7 million people, most of them children between ages five and nine. postal workers are also common victims. last year, 5, 577 postal employees were attacked in more than 1, 400 cities, according to the united states postal service. with 27 dog attacks last year, portland ranked 13th ( tying with brooklyn, n. y. ) out of the u. s. p. s. list of the top 25 cities for dog attacks. the ovma says such attacks are preventable. the key is to make sure the dog receives proper behavioral training and socialization, and kids should know how to safely approach and live with dogs. thanks to the ovma for these tips on ways to keep children safe : - never come near a dog you don ’ t know – especially if it is tethered to something, behind a fence or confined in a car. - don ’ t ever play with a dog without adult supervision. - never disturb a sleeping dog, or one who is eating or caring for puppies. - don ’ t chase or tease a dog. - always ask a dog ’ s owner if it ’ s ok to pet a dog. - never pet or touch a dog before it has a chance to see and sniff you. - don ’ t ever turn away and run from a dog, and don ’ t scream. - instead, remain still : stand without moving with your hands at your sides. don ’ t make eye contact with a dog. if you sense it ’ s about to attack, find something to put between you and the animal such as a backpack or blanket. - if a dog knocks you down, curl your body into a ball and put your hands over your face. get help immediately. if you ’ re a dog owner : - know that dogs that spend lots of time alone or chained up are likely to become dangerous. well - socialized dogs, on the other hand, are much less likely to bite. - a dog with a history of aggressive behavior shouldn ’ t be in a home with children. - never, ever leave infants or toddlers alone with a dog for any length of time. period. read about how to introduce a pet to a new baby here. - if your child seems afraid about the prospect of a dog in the house, it may not be the right time. - make sure your dog is spayed or neutered. neutered dogs are less likely to show aggressive behavior. - the u. s. p


on the holiest day of the year, the day of atonement, the holiest of people, the high priest, entered the holiest of places, the holy of holies, and made atonement for all israel. it was a moment on which the fate of israel depended. for their destiny depended on g - d ; and g - d in turn sought their obedience. yet a sinless nation is inconceivable. that would be a nation of angels, not women and men. so a people needs rituals of collective repentance and remorse, times at which it asks g - d for forgiveness. that is what the day of atonement was when the temple stood. it is difficult, perhaps impossible, for us to understand the crisis represented by the destruction of the second temple by the romans in the year 70ce. it was, to be sure, a military and political disaster. that, we have no difficulty in imagining. but it was also a spiritual catastrophe. judaism and the jewish people survived. we would not be here otherwise. but that survival was by no means assured at the time. how does a nation defined in terms of a religion centred on the temple and its sacrifices live on after the loss of its most basic institutions? that is the question of questions. the destruction of the first temple was no less tragic. but in those days, israel had prophets – men like jeremiah and ezekiel – who gave the people hope. there were no such prophets in the first century ce. to the contrary, from the time of the maccabees onwards, prophecy gave way to apocalypse : visions of the end of days far removed from the normal course of history. the prophets, despite the grandeur of their visions, were for the most part political realists. the apocalyptic visionaries were not. they envisaged a metaphysical transformation. the cosmos would be convulsed by violent confrontation. there would be a massive final battle between the forces of good and evil. as one of the dead sea scrolls discovered in qumran put it : “ the heavenly host will give forth in great voice, the foundations of the world will be shaken, and a war of the mighty ones of the heavens will spread throughout the world ”. people foresaw disaster. josephus tells us about one of them. four years before the war against rome, “ at a time of exceptional peace and prosperity ”, a certain jeshua son of ananias, “ a very ordinary yokel ”, began to


. josephus tells us about one of them. four years before the war against rome, “ at a time of exceptional peace and prosperity ”, a certain jeshua son of ananias, “ a very ordinary yokel ”, began to cry “ woe to jerusalem ” wherever he went. people beat him ; the authorities had him sentenced to corporal punishment ; yet he continued his lament undaunted : “ all the time till the war broke out he never approached another citizen or was seen in conversation, but daily as if he had learned a prayer by heart he recited his lament : ‘ woe to jerusalem ’... for seven years and five months he went on ceaselessly, his voice as strong as ever and his vigour unabated ”, until he was killed by a rock flung by a roman engine during the siege. what does a nation do in the wake of “ sacrificial crisis ”, the loss of its rituals of atonement? we are in a position to trace this precisely, because of the exceptionally candid confession of one who chose another way, paul of tarsus, the first and greatest theologian of christianity. paul tells us that he was obsessed by guilt. he said of himself that he was “ sold as a slave to sin ”. the good he sought to do, he failed to do. the sin he sought to avoid, he committed. the very fact that he was commanded to do something, provoked in him the opposite reaction, an overwhelming desire to do it. so powerful was this antinomian streak within him that it led him to conceive of a religion without commands at all – quite unlike the sermon on the mount, in which the founder of christianity said : “ do not think that i have come to abolish the law or the prophets... i tell you the truth, until heaven and earth disappear, not the smallest letter, not the least stroke of a pen, will by any means disappear from the law until everything is accomplished. anyone who breaks one of the least of these commandments and teaches others to do the same will be called least in the kingdom of heaven... ” paul famously attributed the sinful nature of humanity to the first sin of the first human being, adam. this sin was lifted by the death of the messiah. heaven itself had sacrificed the son of g - d to atone for the sin of man. g - d became the high priest, and his son the sacrifice. paul lived and taught shortly


. this sin was lifted by the death of the messiah. heaven itself had sacrificed the son of g - d to atone for the sin of man. g - d became the high priest, and his son the sacrifice. paul lived and taught shortly before the destruction of the second temple, but his teaching – like that of the members of the qumran sect and josephus ’ visionary jeshua – fully anticipates that catastrophe and constitutes a pre - emptive response to it. what would happen when there were no more physical sacrifices to atone for the guilt of the nation? in their place, for paul, would come the metaphysical sacrifice of the son - of - g - d. in paul, sacrifice is transcendentalized, turned from an event in time and space to one beyond time and space, operative always. judaism could not take this route, for many reasons. first, because the message of the binding of isaac ( genesis 22 ) is that g - d does not allow us ( let alone him ) to sacrifice sons. second, because not one, but all, members of the people of the covenant are sons or daughters of g - d : “ my child, my firstborn, israel ” ( exodus 4 : 22 ). third, because despite the many messianic movements to which it has given rise, the jewish answer to the question, “ has the messiah come? ” is always, “ not yet ”. while there is still violence and injustice in the world, we cannot accept the consolation of believing that we live in a post - messianic age. only against this background can we appreciate the astonishing leap implicit in the famous statement of rabbi akiva : rabbi akiva said : happy are you, israel. who is it before whom you are purified and who purifies you? your father in heaven. as it is said : and i will sprinkle clean water upon you and you shall be clean. and it further says : you hope of israel, the lord. just as a fountain purifies the impure, so does the holy one, blessed be he, purify israel. according to rabbi akiva specifically, and rabbinic thought generally, in the absence of a temple, a high priest and sacrifices, all we need to do is repent, to do teshuvah, to acknowledge our sins, to commit ourselves not to repeat them in the future, and to ask g - d to forgive us. nothing else is required : not a temple,


all we need to do is repent, to do teshuvah, to acknowledge our sins, to commit ourselves not to repeat them in the future, and to ask g - d to forgive us. nothing else is required : not a temple, not a priest, and not a sacrifice. g - d himself purifies us. there is no need for an intermediary. what christianity transcendentalized, judaism democratized. as the yiddish dramatist s. ansky put it : where there is true turning to g - d, every person becomes a priest, every prayer a sacrifice, every day a day of atonement and every place a holy of holies. this really was the parting of the ways between judaism and christianity. at stake were two quite different ways of understanding the human person, the nature of sin, the concept of guilt and its atonement, and the mediated or unmediated relationship between us and g - d. judaism could not accept the concept of “ original sin ” since jeremiah and ezekiel had taught, six centuries before the birth of christianity, that sin is not transferred across the generations. nor did it need a metaphysical substitute for sacrifice, believing as it did in the words of the psalmist ( ps. 51 : 17 ) : “ the sacrifices of g - d are a broken spirit ; a broken and contrite heart, o g - d, you will not despise ”. we are all sons or daughters of g - d, who is close to all who call him in truth. that is how one of the greatest tragedies to hit the jewish people led to an unprecedented closeness between g - d and us, unmediated by a high priest, unaccompanied by any sacrifice, achieved by nothing more or less than turning to g - d with all our heart, asking for forgiveness and trusting in his love. excerpt from yom ha ' atzmaut address 5765 – kinloss, london may 2005 why, when the whole history of the 20th century tells us what happens when hate is unchecked, when lies are told in the media as truth - as they were in the case of jenin - when universities discriminate against this or that one, we know what happens at the end of that path that begins that way. why do these things still happen? do we still - after 60 years of holocaust education, 60 years of anti - racist legislation, 60 years of inter - faith activity - have to defend the right of


the end of that path that begins that way. why do these things still happen? do we still - after 60 years of holocaust education, 60 years of anti - racist legislation, 60 years of inter - faith activity - have to defend the right of the jewish people to be? all too often, in defence of israel against defamation, we, the jewish people have had to stand alone. no people should be left to face hate alone. as martin luther king said, " in the end we will remember, not the words of our enemies but the silence of our friends. " ki sarita im elokim ve ' im anashim vetuchal you shall be called israel, for you have wrestled with god and with men. consider the five overriding problems that will face all humanity in the 21st century : first, the environment : israel was the first country in the modern world to plant trees, not cut them down, to reforest not deforest. long before ecology had entered the moral imagination, the jewish people were turning a land that for centuries lay desolate into a fertile landscape of farms and forests and fields. problem two : asylum seekers : israel is the only country other than the united states built out of asylum seekers. they came from 103 different countries, speaking 82 different languages, and out of that global mixture of refugees a great nation was born. terror : israel ' s security fence, so often described as a wall, is the only effective non - violent protection against terror yet devised in this age of global terror. fourth, economic divisions : according to harvard university ' s professor of economic history, david landes, only one country in the world has moved in 50 years from being a third world economy to a first world economy : and that is israel. and fifthly and lastly, democratic freedom : not only is israel the only genuine democracy in the middle east, but it has sustained its democratic freedoms under strains and stresses that would have broken the back of weaker cultures. if there were justice in the world, israel, a tiny country of indomitable courage, would be seen as the role model among the nations, not the pariah among the nations. ki sarita im elokim ve ' im anashim vetuchal - the struggle continues and is part of what it means to be a jew. yet today, this evening is a religious moment, and of all the words in the religious vocabulary of am yisrael and torat yisrael the key one is the word emunah.


medical history and physical exam for a slow heart rate a doctor will ask you questions about your medical history and do a physical exam to evaluate your symptoms. the information gained from your medical background and physical exam may provide important clues about your symptoms. it also can help a doctor recommend specific tests to help diagnose and treat your condition. if the doctor thinks you have reference bradycardia opens new window, he or she may ask : - what symptoms have you had? - how long did the symptoms last? - what were you doing when you first noticed the symptoms? were you eating, coughing, bending over? - did anything make the symptoms better or worse, such as slow, deep breathing or holding your breath? - did you take your pulse when you had the symptoms? if you did, how fast or slow was your heart beating? was it beating regularly? - do you ever have chest pain? - have you ever lost consciousness? - does physical activity bring on your symptoms or make them worse? - has there been a change in your ability to exercise? - have you had a tick bite recently or noticed any rashes? - what medicines are you currently taking? - do you drink alcohol or smoke? do you use any illegal drugs? if so, how much? - do you have a family history of heart disease? during a physical exam, the doctor or another health professional will : - take your blood pressure. - check your pulse, to see how fast your heart is beating and to find out whether the rhythm is regular. - listen to your heart through a stethoscope. if he or she hears any reference murmurs opens new window, or extra heart sounds, it may mean that your heart ' s conduction system has been damaged. - listen to your lungs through a stethoscope. certain sounds may indicate fluid buildup ( edema ) or lung disease. - check for swelling in your neck veins, legs, ankles, and abdomen, which is a sign of fluid buildup and possible reference heart failure opens new window. why it is done the medical history and physical exam are needed for a doctor to find out whether you have a slow heart rate. they are also important to help discover whether you have any underlying conditions or complications. normal findings include the following : - blood pressure and pulse rate are normal. - breathing and heart rhythm and rate are normal. - you have no signs of fluid buildup in the body ( fluid buildup is a sign of heart failure ). abnormal findings that may suggest a problem


- blood pressure and pulse rate are normal. - breathing and heart rhythm and rate are normal. - you have no signs of fluid buildup in the body ( fluid buildup is a sign of heart failure ). abnormal findings that may suggest a problem from a slow heart rate include : - low blood pressure. - a slow or irregular pulse. - abnormal heart sounds. - sounds heard when listening to the lungs, which may indicate a backup of blood in the lungs caused by heart failure. if the physical exam and medical history strongly suggest a very slow or irregular heartbeat, you will have more testing. what to think about it is important to provide your doctor with detailed information about your symptoms, past medical history, and lifestyle. it may help to write down some of the symptoms you have recently had. your doctor might ask you to keep a reference diary of symptoms. before your visit, write down all of the medicines you are currently taking. also, write down other details about your medical history. be sure to include nonprescription medicines, including diet supplements or herbal remedies. bring the information to your scheduled appointment. | by : | | reference healthwise staff | | last revised : june 2, 2011 | | medical review : | | reference e. gregory thompson, md - internal medicine reference rakesh k. pai, md, facc - cardiology, electrophysiology


modeled after the amber alert system, this network helps locate wanderers. relatives of people with dementia or alzheimer ’ s disease often have the nagging fear that their loved one might wander away and get lost. it ’ s estimated that more than 9 of 10 people with dementia who leave the house alone are likely to be unable to find their way home without assistance, giving caregivers and other relatives endless moments of anxiety until their loved one is found. the silver alert system is designed to provide some reassurance to anxious relatives that their missing seniors can be reunited with them. the silver alert is patterned after the amber alert system, but instead of missing children this one informs the public about missing seniors with mental impairments. silver alert system : how it works on a local level, the silver alert system works much like the amber alert. the missing person incident is reported to the local police. personal health information may be necessary, and it should show that the person ( age 60 or older ) suffers from dementia or is otherwise mentally impaired. relatives should also provide other details that would help in tracking down the missing senior. after verification, the local police inform the state agency tasked to issue alerts. a statewide silver alert is then issued by the state agency. in many states, it ’ s the department of public safety ; in some others, the alert is issued by the state police, highway patrol or department of law enforcement, the state bureau of investigation, a state center for missing persons or even the state attorney general. once issued, the alert is displayed on electronic highway signs and broadcast on radio and television. there is one difference, however. in the case of amber alerts, alerts of missing children immediately interrupt regularly scheduled programming. as currently implemented in the states that have a silver alert system in place, the message does not break into regular programming, but is announced on air only during commercial breaks, which occur every hour or half - hour. to protect privacy, many states require the personal health information to be deleted once the alert has passed. silver alert system : states setting the trend silver alert was started in colorado in 2006. by the end of 2008, 12 other states had implemented a silver alert system : delaware, florida, georgia, kentucky, louisiana, missouri, north carolina, ohio, oklahoma, rhode island, texas and virginia. this year, several more states, including indiana, michigan, mississippi, new hampshire, new jersey, new york, pennsylvania, tennessee and washington are considering legislation to set up their own silver alert programs. success rates have


rhode island, texas and virginia. this year, several more states, including indiana, michigan, mississippi, new hampshire, new jersey, new york, pennsylvania, tennessee and washington are considering legislation to set up their own silver alert programs. success rates have been impressive, although not all states have made their specific results available. georgia has issued 68 silver alerts and all the missing seniors were found. there have been 27 alerts in florida ( which ranks second after california as having the highest population of seniors in the us ) and all were found, with six being specifically attributed to the alerts. silver alert system : going national legislation has been filed in congress that would create a national network for silver alerts and provide $ 10 million in federal funding to help states with their programs. the bill, known as the national silver alert act 2009, was approved by the house last february ; it is now awaiting action in the senate. many organizations believe the need for silver alerts can only increase in coming years. the proportion of elderly in america will expand as the huge baby boomer generation moves into retirement range. wandering is one of the symptoms of alzheimer ’ s disease, which currently affects at least 5. 2 million americans. the alzheimer ’ s foundation estimates that at least 60 percent of them — 3 million people — are likely to wander in the course of their disease. further statistics indicate that, among people with dementia who wander, at least 50 percent could suffer serious injury or die if they remain missing for more than 24 hours. like a missing child, a missing elder can be a family ’ s worst nightmare. time is of the essence in these situations. the silver alert system is one way to help get seniors back before any harm can come to them.