. there may be many breeds of each species. typically species cannot interbreed successfully, for example a duck and a goose can not produce offspring together. if species can cross the offspring are typically sterile like a mule ( horse x donkey ). the a€œglobal familya€ of a organism, that can breed or reproduce with one another ( a€œglobal familya€ refers to all of the human, rabbits, cats, dogs ; etc ; they all are the same, no matter the color of fur or eyes ; etc. ) ( both singular and plural ) a natural population or group of populations that are reproductively isolated and transmit specific characteristics from parent to offspring. a group of individuals that has similar characteristics and breeds only with another member of the same group group of organisms with common or similar characteristics and capable of inter breeding. a reproductively isolated group of interbreeding organisms. the main category of taxonomic classification into which living organisms are subdivided, comprising a group of similar individuals having a number of correlated characteristics. a group of closely related organisms capable of mating and producing fertile offspring. a group of natural relations that can interbreed. difficult to define rigorously in two or three lines. defined very simply in a phylogenetic context, species are the smallest lineages that are mutually exclusive of other lineages. the internal branches of a phylogeny may be viewed as ancestral species. note, however, that the unit lineages of a gene phylogeny are not species ( see also terminal ). a singular or plural term for a population or series of populations of organisms that are capable of interbreeding freely with each other but not with members of other species. includes a number of cases : endemic species : a species originating in, or belonging to, a particular region. both " endemic " and " indigenous " are preferred over " native. " exotic species : a species introduced accidentally or intentionally to a region beyond its natural range. " exotic " is preferred over " alien, " " foreign " and " non - native. ' subspecies : a subdivision of a species. a population or series of populations occupying a discrete range and differing genetically from other subspecies of the same species. taxa ) richness : a biological index of river health, species ( taxa ) richness is the number of species or taxa present in a biological sample. a group of similar animals that are isolated reproductively and produce viable offspring. they may include on or more subspecies. all of the organisms that are capable of interbreeding with


richness is the number of species or taxa present in a biological sample. a group of similar animals that are isolated reproductively and produce viable offspring. they may include on or more subspecies. all of the organisms that are capable of interbreeding with each other under natural conditions to produce fertile offsprings ( bisexual organisms ) or all of the morphologically and genetically similar descendants of some inferred ancestral individual ( asexual organisms ). the species is the primary or fundamental concept in the understanding of the forms of life. it is the basic unit in classification. species are combined into genera and variations or subordinate forms of these may be distinguished as subspecies, variety and form in descending order of the botanical hierarchy. a basic taxonomic category. members of a species of plants or animals can breed with another member and produce fertile ( capable of reproducing ) offspring. in this way, a species maintains its ‘ separateness ' from other species ; for example, yellowfin tuna and bigeye tuna are two distinct tuna species, whereas the general term ‘ tuna ' includes all tuna species. a type of animal or plant. the species designations of animals under study. the taxanomic category subordinate to a genus. a group of like individuals. the second part of a scientific name identifies a particular species. ( see genus ) species : organisms with similar phenetic and genetic characteristics that can mate and produce viable offspring that can also mate and produce viable offspring. biological _ a small group of organisms formally recognized by the scientific community as distinct from other groups. legal _ refers to joint policy of the usfws and nmfs that considers a species as defined by the esa to include biological species, subspecies, and dpss. ( spee´ shees ) [ l. : kind ] • the basic lower unit of classification, consisting of a population or series of populations of closely related and similar organisms. the more narrowly defined " biological species " consists of individuals capable of interbreeding freely with each other but not with members of other species. taxonomic groups, usually defined by inability to interbreed and produce viable offspring. species are reproductively isolated from each other. genes in one species cannot combine with genes from another species and produce a successfully reproducing vehicle ( individual ). a group of individuals, usually identifiable by a set of distinctive features, with a unique evolutionary history. classically, the members of a species can interbreed only with each other to produce fertile offspring. a class or specific type of organism ; a group of individuals related


, usually identifiable by a set of distinctive features, with a unique evolutionary history. classically, the members of a species can interbreed only with each other to produce fertile offspring. a class or specific type of organism ; a group of individuals related by descent, and able to breed among themselves but not with other animals ( sp ' sh z ) the category of organization for taxonomy below genus, representing animals capable of interbreeding with each other. the scientific name for a species is generally written with the genus in binomial form. example : homo sapiens. the basic unit of linnaean classification ; a taxonomic subdivision of genus represented by plants that can freely interbreed but rarely with other species. in the scientific name sambucus nigra, the genus is sambucus and the species epithet is nigra ; together sambucus nigra constitutes the species a group of animals or plants having common characteristics and able to breed together to produce fertile ( capable of reproducing ) offspring, so that they maintain their ' from other groups. for example, yellowfin tuna and bigeye tuna are two distinct tuna species, whereas general terms like ' and ' each represent groups of species. a taxon comprising one or more populations of individuals capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring. seeing, appearance, shape, kind or quality the smallest classification group of organisms. organisms of the same species mate and produce healthy young subdivision of biological classification composed of related organisms that share common characteristics and can interbreed. group within a genus, the members of which share similar characteristics and can breed successfully together. the basic unit of biological classification. this definition is open to very wide interpretation and what one person regards as just another species, may be seen by someone else, to be a totally separate genus or only a form. a group of plants or animals that have certain common features which set them apart from others. the species, an adjective, often refers to a place, the plant ' s characteristics / appearance, or the name of the person credited with discovering it. species is abbreviated sp. or spp. different definitions are available dependent upon the characters being used to define a species. see also biological species concept, morphospecies concept and phylogenetic species concept.... more a group of animals that have the same characteristics a group of organisms capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring a group of plants, animals, or microorganisms that have a high degree of similarity and generally can interbreed only among themselves


a group of animals that have the same characteristics a group of organisms capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring a group of plants, animals, or microorganisms that have a high degree of similarity and generally can interbreed only among themselves. a group of similar organisms whose members can breed with one another to produce fertile offspring. the second or specific part of the scientific name of a plant organisms in the same genus that have similar characteristics. the subdivision of genus ; the second name in latin nomenclature i. e. acer palmatum. a group of organisms that can interbreed with each other and produce fertile offspring. it is the fundamental unit of biological evolution. a population or series of populations of closely related and similar organisms. the individuals within a species are able to interbreed freely with each other, producing healthy, fertile offspring. members of a species are not able to interbreed successfully with members of other species. ( 1 ) a group of organisms that have a unique set of characteristics ( like body shape and behavior ) that distinguishes them from other organisms. if they reproduce, individuals within the same species can produce fertile offspring. ( 2 ) the basic unit of biological classification. scientists refer to species using both their genus and species name. the house cat, for example, is called felis catus. the taxonomic division of freely interbreeding population of wild or naturally occurring individuals below genus. living things of the same kind that are potentially capable of breeding and producing fertile offspring. theoretically, plants or animals of different species cannot interbreed. however, occasionally this does not hold true. database entry containing a sequence and associated information. not necessarily consistent with a taxonomic species any subspecies of fish, wildlife, or plants, and any distinct population segment of any species or vertebrate fish or wildlife that interbreeds when mature. a group of animals that under normal conditions can have offspring together. in the same or like form or kind. there are many species of finches available today, and many look a lot a like. always know what species of finch you have before attempting to locate a mate. society finches and zebra finches are examples of two different species. pl. a category of classification, ranking below a genus, consisting of closely related organisms capable of interbreeding. an organism belonging to a species is represented by an uncapitalized latin name and a capitalized genus name, as in hyacinthoides non - scripta, the bluebell. all the populations of organisms that are capable


the bsc has interesting implications for the nature of the last universal common ancestor of all life, especially if horizontal genetic transfer was extensive then ( as it is today between the different unicellular " species " of bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes ). a subdivision of a genus, almost identifcal organisms, a clone a group of interbreeding populations that are more or less reproductively isolated from all other kinds of organisms. division of plants or herbs which contain individuals capable of reproducing with each other. a classification of related organisms that can freely interbreed. a group of similar organisms within the same genus which are usually capable of interbreeding, and are distinctly different from other members of the genus. a group of organisms which normally can interbreed organisms that successfully reproduce among themselves and cannot reproduce successfully with other organisms. a group of similar fish that can freely interbreed. a group of animals or plants that are the same and breed together, eg. the new zealand robin. a single kind of plant or animal ; about 34, 000 species of spiders known so far worldwide in a little over 100 families ; presumably many more species are undiscovered the smallest unit of classification. individuals in a species are assumed to have emanated from a single original genetic source and are sexually compatible with each other. a group of generally related tree species for which similar management practices have been developed. depending on how they were listed under the esa, species is defined as species, subspecies, distinct population segment ( dps ), or evolutionarily significant unit ( esu ). a set of creatures which, in their natural setting, breed among themselves. different types of plants e. g. cocksfoot and ryegrass are different species species generally grouped for marketing convenience and identified with a single commercial name. ( see astm d 1165, standard nomenclature of domestic hardwoods and softwoods, for commercial practice in the united states and canada. ) a group of organisms that are similar in structure and can mate and produce fertile offspring species is a group of living things that breed with each other in nature and produce offspring that can also breed. coyotes can breed together, and the pups can breed when they grow up, so all coyotes are one species. bobcats can ' t breed with coyotes, so they ' re a different species. in nature, living things in the same species usually look pretty much alike. a taxon of the rank of species ; in the hierarchy of biological classification the category below


. bobcats can ' t breed with coyotes, so they ' re a different species. in nature, living things in the same species usually look pretty much alike. a taxon of the rank of species ; in the hierarchy of biological classification the category below genus ; the basic unit of biological classification ; the lowest principal category of zoological classification. organism classification that includes individuals that share the same heredity, are similar in morphology and behaviour, and can produce similar offspring. a subdivion of a genus in the classification of plants. species of plants are distinguished by the characteristics of fruits, flowers, leaves, bark and wood. the basic unit of classification in biology. examples are the bald eagle, the polar bear, the monarch butterfly, and the tawny mole cricket. the word is both singular ( a species ) and plural ( two species ). species are grouped into genera, and genera are grouped into family. the words kind, sort, type, strain, and variety are not part of this classification even though newspaper reporters often use them as if they were. a group of related organisms with common characteristics that are capable of interbreeding. loblolly and virginia pine are examples of two different tree species. a group of biological organisms that interbreed to produce fertile offspring or possess common characteristics derived from a common gene pool. groups of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations which are reporductively isolated from other such groups the unit of classification for a plant having particular characteristics. in the botanical name of the plant, the species is identified by the second word of the name : for example acer palmatum. one or more populations of freely interbreeding organisms which are reproductively isolated ( for reasons other than geography ) from other closely related populations. a more modern definition might be a chronologically continuous genome which is isolated from other genomes by non - geographical factors. see also subspecies and species complex. the basic unit of linnaean classification ; a taxonomic subdivision of genus represented by plants that can freely interbreed but rarely with other species. in the latin name ulmus americana, the genus is ulmus and the species epithet is americana ; together ulmus americana constitutes the species taxonomic group whose members can interbreed group of animals or plants with common characteristics a taxonomic category subordinate to a genus ( or subgenus ) and superior to a subspecies or variety, composed of individuals possessing common characters distinguishing them from other categories of individuals of the same taxonomic level. in taxonomic nomenclature, species are designated by the genus name followed by a latin or


to a genus ( or subgenus ) and superior to a subspecies or variety, composed of individuals possessing common characters distinguishing them from other categories of individuals of the same taxonomic level. in taxonomic nomenclature, species are designated by the genus name followed by a latin or latinised adjective or noun. in the same or like form or kind. for the purposes of the cwcp, we refer to scientific animal groupings of genus and then a subgroup called " species. " a group of living things that can interact to produce offspring like themselves. tigers do not have lion cubs, and an eagle and owl cannot interact to produce offspring like themselves. is a group of similar organisms with the ability to interbreed and produce fertile offspring. distinct populations of plants or animals that can and do interbreed and produce fertile offspring a species is a fundamental category of taxonomic classification ranking after genus and consisting of organisms capable of interbreeding. a category of closely related and similar organisms. more narrowly defined, a population of individuals capable of interbreeding but not of breeding with members of another species. a group of individuals that interbreed with each other but not with other such groups. there are however many definitions of species. a natural group of plants composed of similar individuals that can produce similar offspring. the basic unit of living things, consisting of a group of individuals which all look more or less alike and which can all breed with each other to produce another generation of similar creatures. many species are subdivided into sub - species. these normally inhabit different areas and they may differ in appearance, but they can still all interbreed. a group of living things that share common biological characteristics plant species are usually variable in the wild and may be split into three botanically recognized but occasionally overlapping subdivisions ; the subspecies ( subsp. ), the variety ( var. ) and the form ( forma, f. ). biological classification comprising related organisms that share common characteristics and are capable of interbreeding. type of plant genetically different from others. taxonomic division that generally refers to a group of animals which are similar in structure and descent and are able to breed among themselves. a population or group of potentially interbreeding populations that is reproductively isolated from other such populations or groups. a separate and integral reproductive community. ( eldrege ) a group of plants with very similar characteristics ; and, a plant originally found in the wild and not the result of hybridisation or plant breeding by horticulturalists a group of related organisms having common characteristics and capable of interbreeding. loblolly and


group of plants with very similar characteristics ; and, a plant originally found in the wild and not the result of hybridisation or plant breeding by horticulturalists a group of related organisms having common characteristics and capable of interbreeding. loblolly and virginia pine are common tree species that can interbreed. a group of grasses with similar form and / or reproductive mechanisms ; the basic unit of biological classification. a distinct kind of plant. a fundamental biological classification, comprising a subdivision of a genus and consisting of a number of plants or animals all of which have a high degree of similarity, can generally interbreed only among themselves, and show persistent differences from members of allied species. an established classification into which similar individuals in the plant or animal kingdom are placed. a species is described as a morphologically distinctive and genetically isolated natural population. a particular type of plant, animal, or other organism. species differ from one another in at least one characteristic, and generally do not interbreed. in biology, species is a category that ' s part of the scientific system for grouping together related plants, animals and other organisms ( kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species ). used to refer to individual gems that have distinct characteristics which may be defined and verified. a group of animals or plants that share similiar characteristics such as can reproduce. individuals that are grouped together by having common characteristics and that are capable of interbreeding a group of organisms different fro... basic classification unit of plants comprised of individuals that are recognized as distinct from other species, and which can freely interbreed among themselves. a set of individuals sharing distinctive characteristics likely to produce common, fertile descendents. the notion of species is used in its broadest sense here and refers not only to species proper but also to subspecies, isolated geographic populations, strains and varieties, whether plant or animal. a genetically distinctive group of natural populations that share a common gene pool that are reproductively isolated from all other such groups. a group of closely related individuals that have the potential to reproduce with each other ; a unit of classification. a " species " is generally accepted as a group of individuals that look the same and can breed with each other but not usually with individuals of another species. " species " is the the lowest level of plant classification. this is part of the science called " taxonomy ". scientists refer to living things by a combined " genus " and " species " name, using latin terms. for example, people are called " homo sap


is the the lowest level of plant classification. this is part of the science called " taxonomy ". scientists refer to living things by a combined " genus " and " species " name, using latin terms. for example, people are called " homo sapiens ". a white pine would be called " pinus strobus ". a scientist anywhere in the world can look up information about any living organism by knowing the latin or scientific name. the genus name is always capitalized. the species name is usually not capitalized. incidentally, the word " specie " is incorrect. " species " is the correct singular and plural form of the word. [ to return to previous page, click your browser ' s back button then scroll through the page to your last location in biology a species generally taken to be either the lowest level of taxonomic classification or a group of interbreeding individuals that are reproductively isolated from other organisms. a species in biology is not a " kind " in plato ' s sense of the word. this is the scientific, taxonomic name of a living thing. in plant classification, a group of plants with common characteristics that can cross - breed with one another. a group of organisms that mate freely in nature and can produce viable offspring populations whose individuals freely breed with one another and vary only slightly from one another. the basic category of biological classification consisting of similar organisms that are capable of mating and reproduction is one of the most specific of several levels of classification for a plant. they are ranked in levels from largest to smallest groupings first by kingdom, then by phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. the name of a category that is part of the scientific classification of all organisms. the category species is located in the classification system after kingdom, phylum, class, order, family and genus. humans, for example, belong to the species sapiens and are identified by the scientific name homo ( genus ) sapiens ( species ). a group of closely related organisms that are capable of interbreeding and are reproductively isolated from other groups of organisms ( in other words, they can breed among themselves and not with others ) ; the basic unit of biological classification. major subdivision of a genus of plants. a biological classification composed of related plant individuals. the type of wood, such as spruce or fir. each species has different characteristics as well as strengths and weaknesses. a group of organisms that can interbreed under natural conditions to produce fertile offspring a group of organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of


. the type of wood, such as spruce or fir. each species has different characteristics as well as strengths and weaknesses. a group of organisms that can interbreed under natural conditions to produce fertile offspring a group of organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding. see also " classification. " ( n ) a group of animals or plants within a genus differing only in minor details form the others, and able to breed with each other but not with other groups an internationally established botanical classification of trees. a genetically distinct group, consisting of related individuals that resemble each other in appearance and behavior, and can breed among themselves but not, with some exceptions, with other species 1. in biological classifications, it is the lowest and most basic unit of the linnaean taxonomic hierarchy ( although it is also divisible into subspecies ), and one of the two required titles of a binomial name. in nature, a species is a group of organisms that breed only amongst themselves and produce offspring that are also capable of reproducing. 2. in chemistry, a group of constituents or molecules, that share major chemical similarities. for example, hg0 and hg + 2, or co and co2. abbreviated to spp. ( singular = sp. ). a group of individuals which interbreed with each other, but generally not with other species. a fundamental category of taxonomic classification, ranking below a genus. a group of related organisms which are capable of interbreeding. in classification, a species is a group of closely related organisms that can reproduce. a group of similar species forms a genus. in the scientific name of an organism, the second name is its species ( for example, people are homo sapiens - our species is sapiens ). the biological species concept is the most widely accepted method for categorizing living species, especially for vertebrates. it defines a species as members of populations that actually or potentially interbreed in nature, not according to similarity of appearance. although appearance is helpful in identifying species, it does not define a biological species. a single, distinct class of living creature with features that distinguish it from others. a group of plants or animals that are of the same type or origin a group of interbreeding individuals, not interbreeding with another such group, being a taxonomic unit including two names in binomial nomenclature, the generic name and specific epithet, similar and related species being grouped into a genus. from the latin, species, " particular kind. "


not interbreeding with another such group, being a taxonomic unit including two names in binomial nomenclature, the generic name and specific epithet, similar and related species being grouped into a genus. from the latin, species, " particular kind. " related strains of a plant that occur naturally. a group of organisms that are biologically capable of exchanging genes with each other but are incapable of exchanging genes with other such groups. n : the boundaries of this taxonomic level ( the most precise in the hierarchical system of binomial nomenclature ) are hotly debated among scientists and there is little real consensus about where to draw the lines between species, subspecies, morphs, races, variants, etc. in general, a species is a group of organisms that resemble one another in appearance, general behavior, ecological niche, chemical makeup and processes, and genetic structure. organisms that reproduce sexually are classified as members of the same species only if they can actually or potentially interbreed with one another and produce fertile offspring. it should be noted that some ( though quite few ) taxonomists believe the species level of classification is frequently invalid and these scientists only recognize classifications down to the level of genus ( again, these taxonomists represent a very small minority view ). fundamental unit of biological taxonomy. generally spoken, two individuals belong to the same species if they can produce fertile offspring the basic category of biological classification, displaying a high degree of mutual similarity determined by a consensus of informed opinion ; a subcategory of genus. ( 16 ) group of closely related individuals, resembling one another in certain inherited characteristics. in biology, a species is one of the basic units of biodiversity. species is the smallest group of classification. a species generally consists of all the individual organisms of a natural population which are able to interbreed, generally sharing similar appearance, characteristics and genetics due to having relatively recent common ancestors. species ( used as a noun ) in metaphysics are defined by their genus ( genos ) and differentia ( diaphora ). the species film series is the group of films that take place in the species universe.


this armor can be identified by its decoration as having belonged to pedro ii ( reigned 1683 – 1706 ). the decoration includes the crowned monogram pr for pedro rex ( pedro the king ) and the cross of the commander of the order of christ, a hereditary office held by the kings of portugal. harquebusiers were armored cavalrymen generally equipped with a carbine ( known as a harquebus ) carried at the right side on a shoulder belt, a pair of pistols holstered at the front of the saddle, and a sword. this form of armor, consisting of a triple - barred helmet, a cuirass with a bulletproof reinforcing breastplate, and an elbow gaunlet, was commonplace in england up to about 1645. the armor of king pedro is significant not only as a very late example of this type but also as the probable work of the london armorer richard holden. a very similar armor made by holden in 1686 for james ii of england ( reigned 1685 – 88 ) is in the royal armouries in the tower of london. the armor is shown with an associated buff coat. this sturdy leather defense, which provided effective protection against sword cuts, was worn throughout the seventeenth century, first in conjunction with armor and later alone.


- tea pouches - loose tea - iced tea - why mighty leaf? egcg, catechins, antioxidants and green tea catechins are a type of tannin commonly found in green tea - these chemicals provide both the active antioxidant property of green teas and also the slight astringent taste green teas are noted for. black tea also contains catechins, but in smaller amounts because the fermentation process used to make black tea chemically reduces catechins, making them lose their antioxidant properties. the class of chemicals called catechins are powerful, water soluble polyphenols and antioxidants that in can be easily chemically oxidized - making them special as antioxidants in the body. several thousand types of catechins occur naturally in the plants. as many as two thousand are known to have a flavon chemical structure and are thus called flavonoids. catechins are a subclass of flavonoids known for their strong anitoxidant properties. the most important catechin found in green tea is epigallocatechin gallate ( egcg ). egcg is the main active and water - soluble component of green tea - there is more egcg found in green tea than any other type of catechin, and it is known for being the potent antioxidant of the catechin group. egcg accounts for 9 - 13 % of green tea in net weight. because of its peculiar stereochemical structure, egcg possesses much stronger anti - oxidant activities and plays an important role in preventing cancer and cardiovascular diseases. in addition, new research suggests that egcg may potently be used as the reversal agent for multidrug resistance ( mdr ) effects often found in cancer treatment, which may improve the sensitivity of the cancer cell to chemotherapy drugs and reduce toxicity associated with chemotherapy on the heart. catechins in general are found in high concentrations in green tea because the black tea fermentation process reduces catechins in black tea. research aimed at finding the active compounds in green tea have revealed that its protective effects are due chiefly to catechins. tea contains four main catechin substances : ec, ecg, egc and egcg, all of which are inclusively called catechins. egcg as an antioxidant is about 25 - 100 times more potent than vitamins c and e.


february has been named dental health awareness and prevention month in north dakota. the proclamation, which was made by governor jack dalrymple on thursday, promotes the encouragement of families to review preventive measures to ensure healthy teeth, gums and mouths. " dental health is often an area of health care that is overlooked, but is so important for a person ' s overall health, " said kimberlie yineman, director of the north dakota department of health ' s oral health program. " by increasing awareness, we are hoping that we can prevent serious long - term health issues. " according to the proclamation made by dalrymple, " tooth decay affects more than one - fourth of u. s. children ages 2 to 5 years and half of those ages 12 to 15 years, and 20 percent of adolescents ages 12 to 19 years currently have untreated decay. " the department of health encourages everyone to brush twice a day with fluoride toothpaste, floss once a day, visit a dentist regularly for checkups, and to get a professional cleaning on a regular basis. " it ' s also important for parents to make sure that children are taking care of their teeth, " yineman said, adding that limiting sugary snacks, soda and sports drinks between meals are among the simple ways to ensure good dental health.


1. to disable with alarm or apprehensions ; to depress the spirits or courage of ; to deprive or firmness and energy through fear ; to daunt ; to appall ; to terrify. " be not afraid, neither be thou dismayed. " ( josh. i. 9 ) " what words be these? what fears do you dismay? " ( fairfax ) 2. to render lifeless ; to subdue ; to disquiet. " do not dismay yourself for this. " ( spenser ) synonyms : to terrify, fright, affright, frighten, appall, daunt, dishearthen, dispirit, discourage, deject, depress. to dismay, daunt, appall. dismay denotes a state of deep and gloomy apprehension. to daunt supposes something more sudden and startling. to appall is the strongest term, implying a sense of terror which overwhelms the faculties. " so flies a herd of beeves, that hear, dismayed, the lions roaring through the midnight shade. " ( pope ) " jove got such heroes as my sire, whose soul no fear could daunt, nor earth nor hell control. " ( pope ) " now the last ruin the whole host appalls ; now greece has trembled in her wooden walls. " ( pope ) origin : oe. desmaien, dismaien, of. esmaier ; pref. es - ( l. ex ) + ohg. magan to be strong or able ; akin to e. may. in english the pref. es - was changed to dis - ( l. dis - ). see may. ( 01 mar 1998 ) | bookmark with : | | word visualiser | | go and visit our forums |


meet the other navy seals ( and dolphins ) cute — and creepy — photos of the us navy program that trains marine mammals as minesweepers and underwater sentries. you ' ve likely heard of the navy seal dog that took part in the raid that killed osama bin laden. now meet the other navy seals. actually, they ' re sea lions. and dolphins. for more than five decades, the navy has enlisted sea lions, dolphins, and other marine mammals as an elite corps of underwater sentries, searchers, and mine - sweepers. its marine mammal program started in 1960 when weapons researchers studied a pacific white - sided dolphin named notty to see if she might teach them something about designing speedier torpedoes. she didn ' t, but the service has remained intriguiged by sea mammals ' speed, stealth, sonar, and smarts. during the vietnam war, specially trained dolphins were deployed to protect ships in cam ranh bay. the navy denies that they were dispatched to kill enemy divers as part of a " swimmer nullification program ", though more recently sea lions have been trained to " attach restraint devices to swimmers. " ( the notion of dolphins as trained killers inspired the day of the dolphin, a 1973 movie starring george c. scott. ) since the mid - 1970s, the program has expanded to include beluga whales, seals, and and killer whales, though bottlenose dolphins and californa sea lions have become its two mainstays due to their " their trainability, adaptability, and heartiness in the marine environment. " the navy says its 100 or so marine mammals ' primary missions are mine - hunting and " swimmer defense. " dolphins were first sent to the persian gulf in the late 1980s. in 1996, navy dolphins assisted the secret service ( pdf ) during the republican national convention in their home port of san diego, and nasa reportedly expressed interest in using sea lions to protect space shuttle launches ( pdf ). more recently, both dolphins and sea lions have been sent to the persian gulf and arabian sea to help clear mines and guard ships. the navy has hailed " swimmer defense dolphins " as " a strong deterrent against terrorist attacks " like the one on the uss cole in 2000. animal - rights activists have long objected to the navy ' s marine - mammal program, criticizing the use of benign sea creatures in military operations and the cramped conditions in which they are housed and transported. " using animals for military defense is unnecessary and cruel and could very well cost lives — not save them, "


before you start your diabetes exercise plan fitness plays a special role for people who have diabetes. being fit means becoming healthier by adding activity to your day. talk to your doctor or other healthcare provider before getting started. he or she may want you to have a checkup before you become more active. also, having certain tests first helps you and your doctor learn how you will respond to a fitness program. a medical checkup helps ensure that your fitness plan will bring you the most benefit. as part of your checkup : you may have a test called a hemoglobin a1c. the a1c test measures your average glucose ( sugar ) level over 2 to 3 months. a1c is usually given as a percentage. but it is now also given as a number representing estimated average glucose ( eag ). unlike the a1c percentage, eag gives you a number similar to the numbers listed on your daily glucose monitor. your doctor may check the health of your heart. diabetes can cause heart problems. but a fitness program can help these problems get better. being fit can also help improve your cholesterol and blood pressure levels. your doctor may check the health of your feet. people who have diabetes can have problems with their feet. your doctor can check your feet before you become more active. if you have an exercise stress test an exercise stress test can show how your heart responds to activity. you will have small electrodes placed on your chest. you will then walk on a treadmill or ride an exercise bike while your heart rate is monitored. if you have this test, your doctor will give you more details.


common case and bracelet materials frequently asked questions is my bracelet scratch - proof or scratch - resistant? how do magnetic fields affect my watch? how do i get my watch appraised for insurance purposes? what is a " swiss " watch? do i need to wind my automatic ( self - winding ) watch? a mechanical movement that is wound through the motion of the wearer ' s arm during normal daily arm movement ; sufficient activity is required to build up a power reserve. also known as a " self - winding " watch. the part of the watch that secures the watch to the wrist. the two common types of bands are strap ( i. e. leather ) and bracelet. the rim which secures the crystal in place on the watch case and may be set with diamonds or other stones. bezels may also be rings which are graduated to track elapsed time, as in a diver ' s watch. some bezels are rotating and can be turned to perform different types of timekeeping. the ornament, often a dome - shaped or faceted precious stone such as a ruby or emerald used to accent the winding crown. also, the raised dome - shaped markers used to indicate the hours on some watch dials. the windows or subdials on the dial of a watch that display the day, date, month and / or year. also known as graphite fiber, carbon fiber consists of extremely thin fibers, predominantly of carbon atoms, bonded together in microscopic crystals. the vertical alignment of the crystals gives carbon fiber its unique texture, and makes it incredibly strong. often combined with a polymer, carbon fiber watch cases and dials are exceptionally tough. the metal housing that contains the internal workings of the watch ( the movement, dial and hands ). high - tech ceramic, an extremely hard material containing titanium carbide, is valued by watchmakers for its lightweight and exceptional scratch - resistance. high - polished ceramic timepieces are smooth - to - the - touch, ultra lightweight and durable. a watch that includes a stop watch feature : a timer that can be started and stopped to time an event. a timepiece that has met very high standards of accuracy, tested and certified by the c. o. s. c. ( an official watch institute in switzerland ). each chronometer comes with an individual certificate of precision. the tiny knob on the winding stem used to move the hands to set the time on the watch, and to wind a watch with a manual movement. the transparent " glass " which


). each chronometer comes with an individual certificate of precision. the tiny knob on the winding stem used to move the hands to set the time on the watch, and to wind a watch with a manual movement. the transparent " glass " which protects the dial of the watch. there are three common types of crystals : acrylic, mineral and sapphire. a sapphire crystal is the most expensive, scratch - resistant and durable type of crystal. a buckle or clasp with a two or three piece inner element that folds onto itself securing the two ends of a strap or bracelet. this type fastener allows the wearer to slip on or remove the watch from their wrist with ease. also known as the watch " face. " it gives a watch its beauty and character, based on the material from which it is crafted and the style of the numerals, markers, texture and other details that define it. a sport watch built to withstand underwater pressure, often worn by scuba divers. among other features, these watches are typically equipped with a screw - down crown that creates a strong seal to prevent water from penetrating the case. must be water resistant to 20 atm ( the pressure equivalent of being 200m or 660 feet under water ) to be classified as a diver ’ s watch. a rotating bezel which can be used to indicate the hour in a second time zone, distinct from the time indicated by the hands on the dial. a rubber or plastic ring that is used to seal the watch case against dust, moisture and water. typically used on in conjunction with the crown, crystal and metal case. a type of design in which thin lines are engraved in a crossed or interlaced pattern to create a decorative textural effect on the dial of the watch. another name for a manual wind mechanical movement. see " mechanical movement ". a small synthetic sapphire or ruby placed at various points in a mechanical or quartz watch movement which have been drilled, chamfered and polished to serve as bearings for watch gears reducing friction of mechanical parts to a minimum. growing in popularity, k1 mineral is a type of watch crystal that is more shatter - resistant than sapphire crystal, and more scratch - resistant than regular mineral crystal. extensions from either end of the case that hold the pin used to fasten the strap or bracelet to the case. watch hands coated with a substance, such as tritium and superluminova, that makes them glow in the dark. they are especially common in sports models for better visibility underwater. a type of mechanical movement, also


or bracelet to the case. watch hands coated with a substance, such as tritium and superluminova, that makes them glow in the dark. they are especially common in sports models for better visibility underwater. a type of mechanical movement, also known as a " hand - winding " movement, in which the mainspring of the movement must be wound by hand daily, using the crown. see " mechanical movement ". a watch movement comprised of a series of turning cog wheels and jewels, expertly calibrated by hand. a mechanical movement may be : automatic, also known as " self - winding " ( wound by the motion of the arm during daily wear ) or " manual ", also known as " hand - winding " ( requiring regular / daily winding of the crown by hand ). a function on a watch that can announce the time in hours, quarter - hours, and minutes by means of a push button. an audible chime sounds when the push piece or button is depressed. a window, often half - moon shaped, in a watch dial that shows the current phase of the moon. this distinctive feature is usually seen in combination with other calendar - related features. the iridescent lining of the interior shell of a freshwater mollusk that can be thinly sliced and used to create a watch dial. while mother - of - pearl generally has a milky white luster, it is also available in other natural pearlescent colors such as gray, blue and pink. to ensure your watch ’ s water resistancy, we recommend inspection and maintenance of the case seals and gaskets every 12 - 24 months. this will help keep the watch movement safe from air, dust, and moisture, which over time can get into the watch and affect its ability to function properly. all watch movements will require periodic maintenance. we recommended that a mechanical movement be inspected for possible servicing every 3 to 5 years and quartz movements at each battery change. a calendar feature on a watch that automatically adjusts to account for the different number of days in each month, and for leap years. an aperture or subdial on a mechanical watch, often wedge - shaped, that indicates how much longer the watch will operate before requiring winding. a button that is pressed to operate ( start / stop ) a mechanism. pushers are usually found on chronographs and timepieces with minute strikers and alarms. the letters are an abbreviation for physical vapor deposit, a high - tech vacuum - coating procedure that produces wear - resistant finish. a watch movement


. pushers are usually found on chronographs and timepieces with minute strikers and alarms. the letters are an abbreviation for physical vapor deposit, a high - tech vacuum - coating procedure that produces wear - resistant finish. a watch movement where time is " tuned " to, and measured by, the extremely rapid and consistent vibrations of a quartz crystal. the quartz crystal is powered by a battery. also known as an electronic quartz movement. a device that chimes the time when a button is pushed, or a slide is pulled. see " minute repeater ". a crown that screws down into the case tube making the watch more water resistant. provides the best underwater shock protection ( against rocks, accidental knocks, scrapes, etc. ) to prevent water leakage. to set the time on a watch with a screw - down crown, the crown must first be unscrewed before it can be pulled out to any hand - setting position. a movement that converts mechanical energy generated by the force of gravity and natural movements of the wearer ' s wrist into electrical energy which is stored in an accumulator which powers a quartz movement. another name for an automatic mechanical movement. see " automatic " and " mechanical " movements. to be qualified as " shock resistant ", a watch must have demonstrated the ability to withstand an impact equal to that of being dropped onto a wood floor from a height of three feet during testing. the dial of the watch is " cut out " to allow the inner workings of a watch ' s movement to be seen through the transparent crystal and dial on the front side, or a transparent crystal case back. in a watch with a “ skeletonized ” movement, the rotor, wheels and other moving parts are also painstakingly cut away, creating an elegant transparency all the way through the case. abbreviation stands for " stock keeping unit " ; an identifying number used when taking inventory. same as the watch " model number ". a seconds hand that is mounted in the center of the watch dial ( vs. one positioned in a sub - dial ). a " true " sweep seconds hand is found only on mechanical watches, and has a motion that is undetectable to the human eye. on a quartz watch, the advance of the seconds hand is discernible in tiny step - by - step jumps. a feature found on chronographs consisting of a calibrated scale, usually found around the perimeter of the dial, that can be used to measure the wearer ' s speed of


comes from adding copper color cannot " wear off " ; the gold is an integral part of the material a base metal with a thin layer of gold ( usually 18k to 23k ) applied in a process called electroplating thickness of the gold - plating can range from 2 - 10 microns in depth gives appearance of solid gold at lower price level not solid gold, so plated finish can wear off over time one of the most rare precious metals, it has a rich, white luster. platinum used in jewelry and watches is at least 85 - 95 % pure platinum, with only 5 - 15 % of a base metal one of the strongest and heaviest metals hypoallergenic and tarnish - resistant white, very durable metal stronger and lighter than stainless steel, but softer non - corrosive ; resistant to salt, perspiration, and high temperatures hypoallergenic ; does not contain nickel a metal that is a combination of tungsten and carbon compressed under extreme pressure extremely durable and highly scratch - resistant heavier than stainless steel will not tarnish or rust frequently asked questions a watch may be made of a scratch - resistant material, however no material is truly scratch - proof. therefore, please follow these steps when handling your watch : wrap your watch in a soft cloth prior to placing it on any hard surface. when possible, store your watch in the original box / case. avoid dropping the watch in a drawer or jewelry box, to prevent it from being scratched by coming in contact with other pieces of jewelry. avoid wearing your watch during high - risk activities, for example, when lifting or moving heavy objects or engaging in sports activities. avoid wearing your watch on the same wrist as another piece of jewelry. they could rub against and scratch each other. the exposure of your watch to strong magnetic fields will affect its time keeping and may cause it to stop. a quartz watch will resume working with original accuracy when it is removed from the magnetic field. a mechanical watch may require demagnetization. mgi can provide appraisals for watch brands that we manufacture. please download, complete and return the repair and service request form with your watch to the address below. on the form, indicate, " please appraise my watch for insurance purposes ". after we receive your watch, we will mail you an estimate indicating the cost of the appraisal. 109 state street moonachie, nj 07074 movements made in switzerland, where watchmaking began centuries ago, enjoy a reputation throughout the world today for


your watch, we will mail you an estimate indicating the cost of the appraisal. 109 state street moonachie, nj 07074 movements made in switzerland, where watchmaking began centuries ago, enjoy a reputation throughout the world today for superb craftsmanship, innovative design, and prestige. whether they are mechanical or quartz, are synonymous with exceptional quality. they are recognized for their accuracy, reliability, water resistance and shock resistance they are made with only the highest quality materials. they must meet certain criteria and pass strict testing in switzerland before they can be certified as " swiss made. " mechanical watches with automatic movements have a spring that is wound by the normal, daily motion of the wearer ' s arm. the arm movement causes a rotor inside the watch to transmit motion ( energy ) to the barrel, thus winding the mainspring. an important feature of every automatic winding watch is " power reserve ". if the watch loses its power reserve because it has been idle for an extended period of time, you can wind it up manually ( approximately 20 turns of the crown ) to create an initial power reserve. to retain the power reserve, as stated above, the watch must be worn continuously and actively. if you plan on wearing your watch daily, you may want to manually wind it once every two weeks to keep the wheels in motion and the oil from drying out. if you do not plan on wearing it daily, we advise you wind the watch about three times a week to ensure continuous operation. finally, if you do not wear your automatic watch daily, you may want to use a winding box. this box mimics the natural motion of your arm to keep your automatic watch operating. in contrast, a " manual " mechanical watch does require the watch ' s mainspring to be hand - wound by turning the crown, and must be wound each time it loses that power.


by doug bradley, nami helpline coordinator one of the biggest stories in mental health over the past few years has been the proposed revision of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders ( dsm ). as the main guide used by psychiatrists, psychologists, and social workers in the u. s. to diagnose mental illness, the dsm is an important factor in our mental health system. the manual often influences what type of care people get ( or should get ), how practitioners are reimbursed, and how people diagnosed with mental illness view themselves and their recoveries. while the dsm - 5 has not been finalized, there are several big changes from the last manual ( dsm - iv ) starting with the title. the american psychiatric association ( apa ) used roman numerals ( i. e., i, ii, iii ) on previous editions but will now use arabic numbers ( i. e., 1, 2, 3 ) for two reasons. firstly, arabic numbers are more universally recognized. secondly, updates to the manual will be easier to track. prior changes were denoted by abbreviations such as – r or – tr, which did not indicate which came first. new updates will be denoted dsm - 5. 1, dsm - 5. 2, etc., to clearly show which version is latest. another noticeable change is the lack of axes ( e. g., axis i for mood, anxiety and thought disorders ; axis ii for personality disorders ) to classify illnesses. the dsm - 5 work groups felt that there was no scientific basis for this separation and abandoned the axis system for this version. instead, an attempt has been made to group similar disorders into 20 categories. however, there have been changes to the familiar dsm - iv groupings. the former “ mood disorders ” chapter is now divided into two sections : “ depressive disorders ” and “ bipolar and related disorders. ” a brand - new category is “ obsessive - compulsive and related disorders ” which includes ocd, hoarding, compulsive hair - pulling, body dysmorphic disorder and others. while all these disorders can cause anxiety, their main distinguishing features are repetitive thoughts and behavior. also, as the treatment for them is often different than for other anxiety conditions, they have been separated from anxiety disorders, which in dsm - 5 still contains panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, etc. some other changes are elimination of aspergers as a separate disorder and merging it into autism


different than for other anxiety conditions, they have been separated from anxiety disorders, which in dsm - 5 still contains panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, etc. some other changes are elimination of aspergers as a separate disorder and merging it into autism spectrum disorder ( asd ). the section on personality disorders has changed with new criteria for some and the elimination of schizoid, paranoid, histrionic and dependant personality disorders. researchers feel that people in these categories rarely needed professional help and that many of their symptoms could be better described by the remaining personality disorders. also, two controversial diagnoses ( attenuated psychosis and mixed anxiety - depression ) have been kept but are in a section for topics needing further study. as people following the creation of dsm - 5 know, this process has been more contentious than past revisions. opponents of the new manual feel that thresholds for the diagnosis of many disorders have been lowered and many people whose behavior is not currently considered “ disordered ” will now be labeled as ill. for example, some fear that the removal of the “ grief exclusion ” from major depressive disorder will cause a normal and necessary part of life to be treated as a sickness. the apa has tried to address this issue by adding a note to the proposed criteria for depression clarifying that while grief itself is not a disorder, grief and depression can co - occur. since this difference is not noted explicitly in the criteria, however, some feel that practitioners may overlook the distinction. on the other hand, the new definition of asd may result in fewer diagnoses. this possibility concerns some who feel that children may lose their asd diagnosis, ending their eligibility for public programs that their parents have found useful, if not invaluable, for their children ’ s development. critics also claim that researchers have not done all the testing needed to validate the new criteria, perhaps to meet deadlines in the development of dsm - 5. the apa counters that more field work and validity testing have been done for this revision than for any in the past. it also claims that there has been more input, partly thanks to the internet, from many mental health professionals and the public. opponents say that while the apa has accepted much input, it has disregarded most from outside the association. how will the new dsm affect the practice of psychiatry and people living with mental illness? will it change who is considered to be living with mental illness? the maddeningly vague answer is that we will only know after


the following html text is provided to enhance online readability. many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to html. please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. saving women ’ s lives : strategies for improving breast cancer detection and diagnosis figure 3 - 4 mammographic sensitivity increases with a woman ’ s age. screens, but a higher percentage of abnormal mammograms, biopsies, and false - positive findings. therefore — if judged by rates of false positives — the apparent performance of a mammography service or individual radiologist would be influenced by the proportion of how many women are receiving their first mammogram. performance and volume a relationship between the volume of procedures performed and the outcome of those procedures has been established for many complex medical procedures, particularly in surgery and oncology. 55 many studies have suggested that the volume of mammograms read by a radiologist is correlated with accuracy, and mammography volume standards are mandated by federal law. however, relatively few studies have directly compared the number of mammograms read by a radiologist and the accuracy of their interpretations. the results of these are variable, and are shown in table 3 - 4. the most comprehensive study to date was the analysis by beam and his colleagues in 2003, 12 which indicated that the volume of mammograms interpreted by a radiologist accounts for less than 2. 5 percent of the variation. this means that more than 97 percent of inconsistency in interpretation is due to other factors.


the following html text is provided to enhance online readability. many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to html. please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. rizes some of the more robust findings by listing some phyla from which rrnas were studied to the right and the inferred branching patterns of the rrnas on the left, with the implied appearance of some design elements in metazoan body plans indicated. a few of the design elements require comment. for present purposes, the unqualified terms " hemocoel " and " coelom " refer to fluid - filled spaces usually used as hydrostatic skeletons — the former being developed from the topological position of the blastocoel, the latter being developed within mesoderm. spaces devoted only to serving organs ( commonly as ducts or as buffering against solid tissues ) are termed " organ hemocoels " or ' ' organ coeloms. " " seriation " refers to longitudinal repetition of organs, muscles, or other features but not necessarily in a correlated fashion, while " segmentation " refers to serial repetition with correlation among organ systems. many of the metazoan relationships indicated in figure 4 are quite conventional, such as the sequence of choanoflagellates / poriferans / cnidarians / platyhelminths, the sister - group relationship of platyhelminths with higher metazoans, and the sister - group relationship of protostomes with deuterostomes. less conventional, though hardly shocking, is the sister - group relationship of the arthropods with the unresolved cluster of protostomes, which includes mollusks and annelids. this is a particularly important branching, because it suggests that the last common ancestor of the protostomes was hemocoelic and that the coelom ( s ) of the deuterostomes arose independently of the coelom ( s ) of the protostomes. this branching also suggests that arthropod and annelid segmentation arose independently. the next deeper branching, between protostomes and deuterostomes, suggests that while their last common ancestor was not coelomic and need not have been hemocoelic, it did have a blood - vascular system. other interpretations are possible but they are less parsimonious. late precambrian body plans. the list of phyla on the right of figure 4 indicates the body plans of the living organisms studied but certainly does not indicate the


the old town of narva the capital of estonia - tallinn ( old town ) is told to be a city, built in gothic style ; tartu is told to be a town of classicist style ( university, buildings of the central part of the town ). up to the world war ii, narva was famous for its universal style where the gothic, baroque and classicism were mixed. later, when narva started expanding and its suburbs were actively built, the old town began to be called the old narva. its story began with the terrible fire in 1659, after which only three houses and the fortress remained. after this accident, stone buildings were only allowed to be built in the central part of the town. incomes from the flourishing trade allowed to erect the stone buildings and, at the same time, build them at breakneck speed. thus, in two decades, the new stone town centre extended for approximately twenty hectares. for narva of the 17th century, the two - stored plastered buildings with plentifully decorated portals ( main entrances ) and the majestic weathercocks were typical. houses ' corner towers ( bay windows ) were one of the characteristic features of narva architecture. the heart of the old narva was at the town hall ' s square. town hall, a striking example of the classicism, was the most important building at the square. at the southern side of the square, the vazhnya was situated ( board of weights and measures ). there were baroque residential constructions beside it. moreover, there also was a chemist ' s shop. the exchange building ( 1695 - 1704 ), situated across the town hall, was opposite the vazhnya and the chemist ' s shop. the house of the burggraf jurgen thunder ( in the middle ages, the town ' s head with military and court duties ) situated in the eastern part of the square, at the corner of the suur and ruutli streets, across the town hall ' s building. narva ' s old town was destroyed because of the soviet union ' s air force ' s bombing attacks on march 6 and 8, 1944. in summer 1944, when german forces were retreating, they blew up a few churches, ivangorod ' s fortress, krenholm manufactory ' s production buildings and many houses. the majority of old narva buildings ' walls remained after the artillery and bombing attacks. first, the roofs and interior structures of the buildings were destroyed. a part of old narva was planned to be reconstructed soon


' s production buildings and many houses. the majority of old narva buildings ' walls remained after the artillery and bombing attacks. first, the roofs and interior structures of the buildings were destroyed. a part of old narva was planned to be reconstructed soon after the war, and the whole old narva was taken under state ' s protection in 1947. in 1950, however, narva town authorities decided to pull down building ' s ruins, situated in the town centre. as a result, only three buildings were reconstructed - narva town hall and two houses. until the last moment it was planned to reconstruct peter the great ' s house and the exchange building. after all, its walls were also pulled down. it is frequently asked why old narva was not reconstructed. however, there is no direct response. then, the walls ' destruction was grounded on the necessity of obliterating wars ' vestiges. it was also said that the vagabondage was settling among the ruins. certainly, huge expenses, needed for its restoration were the main reason of the rejection of old narva reconstruction. at last, the point of the ideological causes is that the old town represented the culture of the west town architecture and, by taking the ruins away, it became possible to built there the soviet town. today, blue and yellow narva flag is hung out in the anniversary of the bombing of narva on march 6. the town hall being built at the end of 60ies of the 17th century, narva town hall was the most representative public - service building in narva. swedish king charles xi gave an order to the town authorities to build the town hall. the project of the master george teuffel from lubeck formed the basis of the building, the construction of which started in 1688. after three years, at the latest in 1691, the building was finished when a gold - plated forged weathercock in the form of a crane was put at the top of the tower ( it was made by master grabben ). interior furnishing lasted for another four years. in succeeding years, the clock was installed at the attic, building of the stairs in the town hall was finished and portal, brought from stockholm, was set. grate of the artistic smithery that connected stairs and handrails ( at that time it was gold - plated ) and the door - bell ( metal ring striking against the door used as a door - bell ) were finished last. indoor wall painting beautified the town hall


that connected stairs and handrails ( at that time it was gold - plated ) and the door - bell ( metal ring striking against the door used as a door - bell ) were finished last. indoor wall painting beautified the town hall in abundance. during the world war ii, the town hall was severely damaged : the tower, the roof, the flooring were destroyed, the stairs and the figures at the portal got considerable damages. during the renovation works in the town hall ( 1956 - 1963 ), the tower was rebuilt, and the building attained the new roof ; the facade and the portal were reconstructed, and the grate that connected stairs and handrails was restored. during the reconstruction, festive entrance hall was only kept from the all - indoor decoration where the stair and the ceiling girders, decorated with the painting were restored. today the town hall is a three - stored stone building with a huge socle store. elevation of the building is divided by eight tuscan pilasters where there is a high roof with a well - proportioned tower and baroque cupola, crowning it. there is a crane, the symbol of the vigilance, at the top of the tower. the windows lie in the same plane with an outside wall, which is typical for narva town. the building is beautified by the portal with three figures that are symbols of three ethical principles : equity, wisdom and moderation. exactly on the basis of these principles, justice in the town hall had to be administered. historical town ' s emblem was situated among the figures : at the dark blue escutcheon, there were sword, sabre and three shots that are the symbols of importance of the town as a fortress at the border of the east ( sabre ) and the west ( sword ). two fishes were represented between the symbols of the boundary town. according to one of the hypothesis, they represent the fishery, given to the town by its rulers. in the old days, estonian ponds were renowned for its fair amount of fish. according to the folk rumours, peter the great, while ratifying the emblem of the town in 1585, said : " be silent as fishes are, and thus you will be obedient to the new rule. " after the renovation works in the town hall ( 1960 - 1963 ), there resided the palace of pioneers in the name of victor kingisepp. for the recent years, the town hall is abandoned. however, in the distant prospect, it is planned to become a representative building


nur khan rendered colossal services for the uplift of national sports of hockey, cricket and squash and enabled pakistan to reach the pinnacle. under his tenure as hockey chief, pakistan won two olympics, world cup and champions trophy titles with later two tournaments being his own brainchild apart from many new innovations to uplift these sports from decline and decadence. when he became chairman pcb ( then bccp ) in february 1980, he made the asia cup an enduring reality and introduced neutral umpiring in cricket matches. he also played a pivotal role in bringing the cricket world cup to the subcontinent for the first time. when nur khan took over the responsibility of reviving squash in the country, the game saw its zenith. his revolutionary steps for the uplift of the game included introduction of talent hunt scheme which paid dividends and produced a surfeit of world class pakistan players in the 70s : qamar zaman, gogi allauddin, hidayat jahan, mohibullah khan junior and others. ln 1975, his efforts bore fruit as qamar zaman brought back the british open title to pakistan after 12 years. he during his short stints as minister of education and governor of west pakistan made all endeavours to promote education and improve the social fibre of the nation. pakistan ’ s squash greats jahangir khan and jansher khan were discovered by the pia when air marshal had the administrative reins of the national career. an ace fighter pilot, a visionary commander and an epitome a leader, air marshal nur khan emerged on the global landscape a true icon, a legend and a national hero.


| bailey ' s ecoregions and subregions of the united states, puerto rico, and the u. s. virgin islands what this map layer shows : ecoregions defined by common climatic and vegetation characteristics, shown as domains, divisions, provinces and sections. ecoregions are ecosystems of regional extent. bailey ' s ecoregions distinguish areas that share common climatic and vegetation characteristics. a four - level hierarchy is used to differentiate the ecoregions, with the broadest classification being the domain. domains are groups of related climates and are differentiated based on precipitation and temperature. there are four domains used for worldwide ecoregion classification and all four appear in the united states : the polar domain, the humid temperate domain, the dry domain, and the humid tropical domain. divisions represent the climates within domains and are differentiated based on precipitation levels and patterns as well as temperature. divisions are subdivided into provinces, which are differentiated based on vegetation or other natural land covers. mountainous areas that exhibit different ecological zones based on elevation are identified at the province level. the finest level of detail is described by subregions, called sections, which are subdivisions of provinces based on terrain features. the purpose of ecological land classification is to provide information for both the development of resources and the conservation of the environment. government and private land managers use this information to estimate ecosystem productivity, to determine probable responses to land management practices, and to address environmental issues over large areas, such as air pollution, forest disease, or threats to biodiversity. this map layer was compiled by the usda the bailey ' s ecoregions and subregions of the united states, puerto rico, and the u. s. virgin islands map layer shows the ecoregion domains, divisions, provinces, and sections for this area. further information on domains, divisions, and provinces is available from the usda forest service rocky mountain research station page describing ecoregions of the united states, and detailed information on sections is available through the usda forest service page, ecological subregions of the united states. the national atlas also includes a map layer showing omernik ' s level iii ecoregions, which are defined by a wide variety of characteristics, including vegetation, animal life, geology, soils, water, climate, and human land use, as well as other living and non - living ecosystem components.


lovelace, the rockhopper penguin that answers life ' s questions in the animated film " happy feet ", probably would be just as stumped as the researchers who reported friday that the population of his northern relatives has declined by 90 percent over the last 50 years. the population of northern rockhopper penguins once reached into the millions, but now the largest colonies are estimated at between 32, 000 to 65, 000 pairs on gough island, and 40, 000 to 50, 000 pairs on tristan da cunha island, according to a study in the journal bird conservation international. those two south atlantic islands, which are british overseas territories, account for more than 80 percent of the total species population. " historically, we know that penguins were exploited by people, and that wild dogs and pigs probably had an impact on their numbers, " richard cuthbert of the royal society for the protection of birds and lead author of the paper, said in a statement. " however, these factors cannot explain the staggering declines since the 1950s, when we have lost upwards of a million birds from gough and tristan. " " the declines at gough since the 1950s are equivalent to losing 100 birds every day for the last 50 years ", he added. " with more than half the world ’ s penguins facing varying degrees of extinction, it is imperative that we establish the exact reason why the northern rockhopper penguin is sliding towards oblivion, " he said. " understanding what ' s driving the decline of this bird will help us understand more about other threatened species in the southern ocean. " possible factors, the researchers said, include climate change, shifts in marine ecosystems and overfishing. the royal society for the protection of birds accused british government agencies of internal bickering that has delayed any action to protect the species. " they are completely disinterested, " rspb staffer sarah sanders said of the government. " it ' s ridiculous and embarrassing. we are meant to be world leaders in biodiversity conservation and we can ' t even decide who is responsible for the overseas territories. " other penguin species had been considered in generally good health until recently. the u. s. fish & wildlife service last december proposed listing the african penguin as endangered under the endangered species act, and five others as threatened : the yellow - eyed penguin, the white - flippered penguin, the fiordland crested penguin and the erect - crested penguin, all from new zealand ; as well as the humboldt penguin of chile and peru. © 2013 msnbc. com reprints


september is preparedness month ~ be prepared for wildfires ~ posted on 9 / 2 / 2008 for immediate release contact : cecily fong september 2, 2008 bismarck, nd - with fall fire season nearly upon us, the nd department of emergency services ( nddes ) reminds north dakotans that dry conditions exist in many areas of the state and the risk of wild fire continues to be high. it is important to be aware of a few important factors that will ensure that you and your family are safe. learn and teach safe fire practices. build fires away from nearby trees or bushes. always have a way to extinguish the fire quickly and completely. never leave a fire - - even a cigarette - - burning unattended. avoid open burning completely, and especially during dry season. always be ready for an emergency evacuation. know where to go and what to bring with you. plan several escape routes in case roads are blocked by a wildfire. children should be aware of evacuation routes and families should practice them together. know how to report a fire. be aware of your surroundings so you can give a good and accurate location. give an approximate size and describe any homes or structures that may be threatened. stay on the line to help give further information as requested.


neem : the miracle herb there is perhaps no other herb known to man that has so many and varied potential benefits for humanity. neem has been used for thousands of years and has been widely documented in the ancient herbal healing science of india, ayurveda. but the value of neem does not rely solely on traditional folklore. rather, it is one of the most widely studied herbs of modern times, with hundreds of scientific papers having been written about it. the result of both traditional review and modern scientific evidence is that neem truly is the miracle herb. the neem tree, azadirachta indica, is a relative of the mahogany tree. it is extremely hardy and virile, able to thrive in a wide variety of climates and environmental conditions, and overcome deficiencies of the soil or the climate with its native strength and vitality. this signature of neem is a sign in nature of its wide ranging ability to conquer adverse circumstances. the herb that we use contains this same over - arching power within it that we find in the tree and its vital will to live. traditional ayurvedic lore holds that neem has incredible ability to restore and maintain healthy function of the body in a number of ways. it is used internally to relieve excess heat conditions, as its bitter taste is said to reduce the quality of pitta ( hot quality ) when it is in excess. it is also used topically in soaps, cremes and lotions for its ability to soothe and reduce pitta excess conditions on the skin that manifest themselves through heat, redness, itching and swelling, all indicative of pitta out of balance. science validates the uses of neem : modern science is also studying neem for its potential use in the field of medicine. preliminary results and clinical evidence tend to support the extraordinary benefits of neem oil, neem leaf and neem bark. other studies indicate that neem supports the structure and function of the immune system. again, while generally outside the scope of our product line, it is interesting to once again note the wide - ranging benefit of neem and how it is now being recognized throughout the world, and confirmed by scientific studies. those interested in learning more about neem and its uses might start with some of the current literature on the subject as follows : neem has also been the subject of a major book originally published under the auspices of the neem association, a non - profit organization dedicated to informing the public about the uses of neem, and now


the current literature on the subject as follows : neem has also been the subject of a major book originally published under the auspices of the neem association, a non - profit organization dedicated to informing the public about the uses of neem, and now re - issued in an updated edition by lotus press, twin lakes, wisconsin, under the title : neem : the ultimate herb by john conrick. the author has compiled an extensive list of research studies and scientific reports done on various potential benefits of neem. the neemaura product line : neemaura recognized the value of neem as an herbal ingredient of extreme benefit both applied topically and taken internally. as a result, extensive research was done to develop the most effective way to deliver the benefits of neem to people, and this led to the development of the neemaura product line. the product line consists of the following segments : personal care products : we supply a neem creme, a neem hand and body lotion, a neem herbal skin conditioning spray, and 4 varieties of ultra - sensitive neem soap. in addition we supply neem oil and neem extracts that can be added to your own lotions and cremes, shampoos and conditioners, turned into a mouthwash, or in some cases used full strength directly on the skin. we will discuss some of these uses later more extensively. herbal dietary supplements : we supply neem capsules, neem extracts and neem leaf and powder, so that you can make teas or encapsulate neem on your own in combination with your other favorite herbs. bulk neem products : we are a major importer of the highest quality neem oil, organically grown neem leaves and neem bark. as such we have located the best sources of neem around the world to ensure that we are always able to supply the cleanest, highest quality, fully certified and guaranteed neem products anywhere. we have organically grown neem leaf available in both whole leaf and powder form so you can develop your own uses for this incredible herb. we also supply neem bark powder. once you begin to explore the wide - ranging uses of neem, you will find that our bulk neem products help you to develop and formulate for your own specific needs and uses. our neem cream is a highly concentrated face and body cream. the organically grown neem leaf is extracted directly into the aloe vera base, together with other synergistic herbal components such as


helps maintain healthy skin. useful for minor irritations and dryness. neem topical oil : concentrated, 100 % pure virgin cold pressed wildcrafted neem oil has been found useful for a number of skin and scalp concerns. we import the finest quality neem oil with a measured azadirachtin content in excess of 1500 ppm. it can be used either full strength or added to shampoo, lotions or creams to enhance the neem action on the skin. note that pure neem oil has a distinctive odor, which causes many to prefer our cream or lotion as the best way to apply neem to the skin. neem leaf capsules : our neem leaf capsules are made from organically grown neem leaf in a vegetarian capsule. as an herbal dietary supplement, used daily to help support proper immune system function and as a part of the diet to maintain healthy blood sugar levels. ( * note that these statements have not been evaluated by the food and drug administration. this product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. ) it is free of salt, sugar, corn, soy, yeast, wheat, dairy products and are formulated without preservatives, flavors, colors or excipients. each capsule contains 400 mg. of neem, and is considered to counteract pitta ( fire element ) imbalances. neem leaf extract : we supply our extract in both a regular strength and triple - potency form. these alcohol extracts are made under our direct control in small batches to assure the highest quality result. our original regular strength extract utilizes a 1 : 15 dry herb to menstruum ratio. triple potency utilizes a 1 : 5 ratio. an extract is the fastest way to get neem to work in your body as a dietary supplement. neem herbal pet spray : use neemaura naturals neem herbal pet spray before and after your pet is exposed to irritating elements such as too much heat and allergens and to reduce irritation resulting from insect bites. neemaura can soothe the effects of irritated skin no matter what the cause. don ' t let your pet suffer. this spray can also be used to get a shiny, glossy coat for your pet and a healthy radiance. future product developments : for more information about our products or to locate a convenient outlet, neem : the ultimate herb, john conrick. originally issued under the auspices of the neem association. updated edition lotus press, twin lakes


radiance. future product developments : for more information about our products or to locate a convenient outlet, neem : the ultimate herb, john conrick. originally issued under the auspices of the neem association. updated edition lotus press, twin lakes, wisconsin, 2001. neem, the ultimate herb is the most comprehensive book about neem, the world ' s most amazing plant. this book provides easy - to - understand instructions for using neem along with credible scientific evidence as to its effectiveness. after finishing this book, you will understand and appreciate the amazing qualities found in neem. you will also be able to more intelligently select quality neem products for your own use. neem : a tree for solving global problems, national research council, 1992. national academy press, washington dc. the national research council is made up of members of the national academy of sciences. they undertook to study the incredible potential of the neem tree. this book is the report of their findings. spanning a wide range of practical applications. the studies that are discussed in the book show that neem is one of the most valuable natural resources to solve a wide variety of global issues and concerns. the book contains extensive information including citations, safety tests and resources for follow up. the yoga of herbs : an ayurvedic guide to herbal medicine, frawley and lad. 1986, lotus press, twin lakes, wisconsin. for the first time, here is a detailed explanation and classification of herbs, using the ancient system of ayurveda. more than 270 herbs are listed, with 108 herbs explained in detail. included are many of the most commonly used western herbs with a profound ayurvedic perspective. important chinese and special ayurvedic herbs are introduced. beautiful diagrams and charts, as well as detailed glossaries, appendices and index are included. miracles of neem tree, verma. rasayan pharmacy, new delhi, india, 1988. neem was featured in the doctors prescription for healthy living newsletter during 2001. how to find our products at retail : neemaura naturals products are available at most major natural products stores and online retailers. if you shop at a store that does not carry the item you are seeking, please ask them to carry it as it is available from their distributors in most cases. if you cannot find our products locally, you are welcome to purchase them through our online store. how to find our products wholesale : if you are a retailer interested in selling neemaura ' s products,


a technical analysis by tepco has concluded that fuel in fukushima daiichi unit 1 has mostly melted out of the reactor pressure vessel and into the primary containment vessel. it also concluded that fuel has melted in units 2 & 3, but has mostly remained within the rpvs. - unit 1. tepco now estimates that most of the fuel has drained out of the reactor pressure vessel, via the bottom - mounted control rod tubes or instrumentation penetrations, into the concrete primary containment vessel. it reasons that the unit ' s decay heat before seawater injection ' significantly exceeded ' rpv water and materials ' heat absorption capacity ; it also explains why the rpv temperature has been low from an early stage. based on what tepco calls ' realistic assumptions ', and pcv gas analysis results, tepco estimates that the corium has eroded the 2m - thick pcv floor by about 70cm, but erosion has now assumed to have stopped. - units 2 & 3. lesser amounts of fuel from units 2 & 3 have dropped out of the rpv and into the pcv, because decay heat was less than the total heat absorption capacity of water in the core, and based on evidence from rpv temperature trends after water injection restarted. the study, presented at a japanese government workshop, remains in japanese ; this article is based on an english - language summary provided by tepco. in other news, tepco has explained how it calculates the total amount of radiation currently being emitted by the damaged fukushima daiichi reactors : 60 million bq / hr. at unit 1, the amount released is combined from two numbers : the product of radioactive dust concentration around the top of the reactor building time the assumed amount of steam generation, plus the dust concentration near the equipment hatch, times the air flow rate ( total : 10 million bq / hr ). deducted from that amount is the effectiveness of the exhaust filtration system. at unit 2, the amount is the dust concentration at the blowout panel times the air flow rate. air flow in unit 2 is caused by air from leaks in the truck bay floor and by rising warm vapour from decay heat ( total : 10 million bq / hr ). the calculation method for unit 3 is the same as at unit 1 ( unit 3 total : 40 million bq / hr ). from these figures, tepco concludes that this discharge equates to a personal exposure of 0. 1 msv / yr at the site


is the same as at unit 1 ( unit 3 total : 40 million bq / hr ). from these figures, tepco concludes that this discharge equates to a personal exposure of 0. 1 msv / yr at the site boundary, assuming average climactic conditions, and including external atmospheric exposure, external ground - based exposure and internal exposure through inhalation. in other news, fukushima site director masao yoshida has left his post for medical treatment ( unspecified, but not linked to the crisis ). he is replaced by takeshi takahashi, formerly general manager of tepco ' s nuclear power plant management department. also, tepco has changed the method of nitrogen gas injection in units 1 - 3 so that it can reach the rpv as well as the pcv. all three systems will inject nitrogen into the rpv via the head spray line, in addition to their current nitrogen injection arrangements into the pcv by various means. the unit 1 nitrogen supply will be via a hose attachment point in series to pcv injection via the ac line ; the unit 2 & 3 rpv line will be attached through jigs to test valves on the instrument rack. related articlestrio of vendors submit bids for temelin nuclear plant westinghouse announces cooperation with czech construction firm


optical fibers are circular dielectric wave - guides that can transport optical energy and information. they have a central core surrounded by a concentric cladding with slightly lower ( by ≈ 1 % ) refractive index. fibers are typically made of silica with index - modifying dopants such as geo2. a protective coating of one or two layers of cushioning material ( such as acrylate ) is used to reduce cross talk between adjacent fibers and the loss - increasing microbending that occurs when fibers are pressed against rough surfaces. for greater environmental protection, fibers are commonly incorporated into cables. typical cables have a polyethylene sheath that encases the fiber within a strength member such as steel or kevlar strands. the fiber as a dielectric wave - guide : fiber modes since the core has a higher index of refraction than the cladding, light will be confined to the core if the angular condition for total internal reflectance is met. the fiber geometry and composition determine the discrete set of electromagnetic fields, or fiber modes, which can propagate in the fiber. there are two broad classifications of modes : radiation modes and guided modes. radiation modes carry energy out of the core ; the energy is quickly dissipated. guided modes are confined to the core, and propagate energy along the fiber, transporting information and power. if the fiber core is large enough, it can support many simultaneous guided modes. each guided mode has its own distinct velocity and can be further decomposed into orthogonal linearly polarized components. any field distribution within the fiber can be expressed as a combination of the modes. the two lowest - order guided modes of a circularly symmetrical fiber designated lp01 and lp11 are illustrated in figure 1. when light is launched into a fiber, the modes are excited to varying degrees depending on the conditions of the launch input cone angle, spot size, axial centration and the like. the distribution of energy among the modes evolves with distance as energy is exchanged between them. in particular, energy can be coupled from guided to radiation modes by perturbations such as microbending and twisting of the fiber increasing the attenuation. bandwidth of an optical fiber determines the data rate. the mechanism that limits a fibers bandwidth is known as dispersion. dispersion is the spreading of the optical pulses as they travel down the fiber. the result is that pulses then begin to spread into one another and the symbols become indistinguishable. there are two main categories of dispersion,


dispersion is the spreading of the optical pulses as they travel down the fiber. the result is that pulses then begin to spread into one another and the symbols become indistinguishable. there are two main categories of dispersion, intermodal and intramodal. figure 1alp01 mode distributionfigure 1blp11 mode distributionfigure 1dispersionfigure 2cross section view of optical fiber and single fiber cable. as its name implies, intermodal dispersion is a phenomenon between different modes in an optical fiber. therefore this category of dispersion only applies to mulitmode fiber. since all the different propagating modes have different group velocities, the time it takes each mode to travel a fixed distance is also different. therefore as an optical pulse travels down a multimode fiber, the pulses begin to spread, until they eventually spread into one another. this effect limits both the bandwidth of multimode fiber as well as the distance it can transport data. intramodal dispersion, sometimes called material dispersion, is a result of material properties of optical fiber and applies to both single - mode and multimode fibers. there are two distinct types of intramodal dispersion : chromatic dispersion and polarization - mode dispersion. the index of refraction varies depending upon wavelength. therefore, different wavelengths will travel down an optical fiber at different velocities. this is known as chromatic dispersion. this principle implies that a pulse with a wider fwhm will spread more than a pulse with a narrower fwhm. dispersion limits both the bandwidth and the distance that information can be supported. this is why for long communications links it is desirable to use a laser with a very narrow line width. distributed feedback ( dfb ) lasers are popular for communications because they have a single longitudinal mode with a very narrow line width. polarization mode dispersion ( pmd ) is actually another form of material dispersion. single - mode fiber supports a mode, which consists of two orthogonal polarization modes. ideally, the core of an optical fiber is perfectly circular. however, the fact that in reality, the core is not perfectly circular, and mechanical stresses such as bending introduce birefringency in the fiber, causes one of the orthogonal polarization - modes to travel faster than the other, hence causing dispersion of the optical pulse. light power propagating in a fiber decay


mechanical stresses such as bending introduce birefringency in the fiber, causes one of the orthogonal polarization - modes to travel faster than the other, hence causing dispersion of the optical pulse. light power propagating in a fiber decays exponentially with length due to absorption and scattering losses. attenuation is the single most important factor determining the cost of fiber optic telecommunication systems, as it determines spacing of repeaters needed to maintain acceptable signal levels. in the near infrared and visible regions, the small absorption losses of pure silica are due to tails of absorption bands in the far infrared and ultraviolet. impurities notably water in the form of hydroxyl ions are much more dominant causes of absorption in commercial fibers. recent improvements in fiber purity have reduced attenuation losses. state - of - the - art systems can have attenuation on the order of 0. 1 db / km. scattering can couple energy from guided to radiation modes, causing loss of energy from the fiber. there are unavoidable rayleigh scattering losses from small - scale index fluctuations frozen into the fiber when it solidifies. this produces attenuation proportional to l / λ4. irregularities in core diameter and geometry or changes in fiber axis direction also cause scattering. any process that imposes dimensional irregularities such as microbending increases scattering and hence attenuation. typical spectral attenuation in silicafigure 3dispersionfigure 4typical spectral attenuation in silica numerical aperture ( na ) the numerical aperture ( na ) of a fiber is defined as the sine of the largest angle an incident ray can have for total internal reflectance in the core. rays launched outside the angle specified by a fibers na will excite radiation modes of the fiber. a higher core index, with respect to the cladding, means larger na. however, increasing na causes higher scattering loss from greater concentrations of dopant. a fibers na can be determined by measuring the divergence angle of the light cone it emits when all its modes are excited. figure 5numerical aperture qualitatively, na is a measure of the light gathering ability of a fiber. it also indicates how easy it is to couple light into a fiber. the normalized frequency parameter of a fiber, also called the v number, is a useful specification. many fiber parameters can be expressed in terms of v, such as : the number of modes at a given wavelength, mode cut off conditions, and propagation constants. for example, the