when it comes to learning sign language it might seem like a challenge but getting started is really the hardest part. many people find it easier to learn sign language than to learn another spoken language, in fact. for even easier results in learning sign language, be sure to follow these tips. there are plenty of benefits and advantages associated with knowing sign language in today ’ s world in addition to the personal benefits you may be learning for. learning sign language is similar to learning any new language in many ways. for one thing, how much time you spend practicing what you ’ re learning is the most important factor. if you only open a book every so often, or attend a class once or twice a week, it will be hard for you to retain anything. learning a new language requires practice on a daily basis, whether it ’ s spoken or signed. if you don ’ t know anyone to practice with, you may want to seek out people who know sign language. whether you know them or not, chances are there are people in your area who use it. look online or ask about deaf communities near you and attend events where sign language is used. a common reason today for many people to learn sign language is to teach it to their children. this may be the case whether your child is hearing impaired or not, as there are many advantages to teaching children new languages. babies can learn sign language before learning to speak verbally, which makes it easier to communicate them. it ’ s an advantage for your child as learning sign language helps the brain develop quicker and makes it easier to learn new languages later in life. you ’ ll find that the younger someone is, the faster they can learn any language, whether spoken or signed … and this will give you motivation to learn it quickly. sign language can be accompanied by spoken words when you talk to hearing impaired people. when deaf people speak to each other, of course, they only sign … but someone who is able to speak should, as many deaf people can also read lips. as a beginner to sign language this is especially helpful, as you are likely to make mistakes and go slowly. by speaking and signing at the same time, you will also be helping yourself learn as you practice saying the words and signing them simultaneously. using spoken language as you sign can be helpful as you begin to learn sign language. just about anybody can learn sign language if they make up their mind to do so. you can ’ t expect to do it perfectly right away, and when you see deaf people signing you may think


study : treating sleep disorder may thwart heart disease wednesday, dec. 5 ( healthday news ) - - people with obstructive sleep apnea have the same early cardiovascular damage as people with diabetes, a small new study finds. obstructive sleep apnea - - a common disorder marked by disrupted breathing during sleep - - increases the risk of high blood pressure, heart rhythm disorders, heart attack, stroke, sudden cardiac death and heart failure. " there are not enough studies in the medical literature on early cardiovascular dysfunction in patients with [ obstructive sleep apnea ], when active steps can be taken to prevent progression to heart failure, " study author dr. raluca mincu of bucharest, romania, said in a european society of cardiology news release. because obstructive sleep apnea leads to many cardiovascular disorders, the researchers compared early cardiovascular dysfunction in sleep apnea patients and patients with diabetes, which is a typical risk factor for cardiovascular disease, mincu added. the study included 20 patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea, 20 patients with treated type 2 diabetes and 20 healthy people. they underwent tests to assess the condition of their arteries. " patients with moderate to severe [ obstructive sleep apnea ] had endothelial dysfunction and higher arterial stiffness than [ the healthy people ], and their results were similar to patients with diabetes, " mincu said. this suggests that obstructive sleep apnea is associated with a high risk for cardiovascular disease, mincu added. endothelial dysfunction means that the inner lining of blood vessels does not function normally. the study was scheduled for presentation this week at the annual meeting of the european association of cardiovascular imaging in athens, greece. " patients should realize that behind snoring there can be a serious cardiac pathology and they should get referred to a sleep specialist, " mincu said. " if they are diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea, they are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease and need to adopt a heart - healthy lifestyle to reduce that risk. " " our study is a signal for cardiologists, pneumologists and general practitioners to work together to actively diagnose obstructive sleep apnea, administer the appropriate treatment ( continuous positive airway pressure - - cpap ) and assess arterial function, " mincu concluded. " this will help avoid progression of early cardiovascular dysfunction through to heart failure, the final stage of heart disease. " data and conclusions presented at meetings are


parotid salivary gland the parotid salivary gland is a compound, acinar, serous gland. unlike all other salivary glands, the parotid includes no mucous cells. most of this view appears packed with secretory acini. most of these are cut in random planes and look like solid lumps, made of cells having various sizes and shapes. the acinar lumen so visible only when the acinus is sliced neatly across the middle. in such a slice, the cells look like slices of pie, with the lumen in the center. individual acini are drained by small intercalated ducts. these in turn drain into striated ( or " secretory " ) ducts, whose cells are specialized for concentrating the secretory product. cells lining the striated duct pump water and ions across the epithelium, from the duct lumen and into interstitial fluid. apart from a couple small ducts, glandular stroma is not apparent in this image. nevertheless, whether visible or not, each acinus is surrounded by a thin envelope of capillaries and connective tissue. although not seen in this image, adipocytes are also common in the parotid gland. comments and questions : firstname. lastname @ example. org siuc / school of medicine / anatomy / david last updated : 30 january 2002 / dgk


physiology sponsored by in healthy people, both sleepiness and vigilance show a relationship with core body temperature and skin temperature. when core body temperature is high during the daytime, skin temperature is low, which translates into optimal vigilance. conversely, when core body temperature is low at night time, skin temperature is high, which correlates to optimal sleep. among those suffering from narcolepsy, however, direct manipulations of their skin and core body temperatures affect their vigilance and sleepiness, according to a new study. the study, authored by rolf fronczek, of the netherlands institute for neuroscience in amsterdam, and leiden university medical center in the netherlands, focused on eight patients who were diagnosed with narcolepsy with cataplexy and suffered from excessive daytime sleepiness. the subjects ' vigilance was measured using the psychomotor vigilance task, and their sleepiness was assessed with the maintenance of wakefulness test. meanwhile, their skin temperature was mildly manipulated using a thermosuit, while their core body temperature was manipulated using hot or cold food and drinks. according to the results, patients were better able to maintain vigilance when core body temperature was increased than when it was lowered, indicating that vigilance in narcolepsy can be altered simply by altering the temperature of food and drinks. also, the ability to maintain wakefulness was better when skin temperature was lowered than when it was increased. therefore, the process of falling asleep in narcoleptic subjects was able to be influenced by gently cooling or warming their hands and feet. " patients with narcolepsy lack a specific neurotransmitter in their brains. this neurotransmitter is responsible for the regulation of the sleep / wake rhythm. that is why narcoleptic patients fall asleep during the day, but have problems sleeping during the night, " said fronczek. " sleep and skin temperature are tightly related, as everybody who ever tried to go to bed with cold feet will know. earlier researchers discovered that in healthy people, the temperature of the distal skin - - hands and feet - - not only increases just before falling asleep, but also influences sleep itself. warm hands and feet thus promote sleep. our research shows that, surprisingly, the temperature of the hands and feet of people with narcolepsy is on a high level throughout the day, a level that is normally only seen in healthy people just before falling asleep. we normalized this abnormal pattern of skin temperature


, surprisingly, the temperature of the hands and feet of people with narcolepsy is on a high level throughout the day, a level that is normally only seen in healthy people just before falling asleep. we normalized this abnormal pattern of skin temperature using a specially designed thermosuit that can differentially manipulate the distal en proximal skin temperature with warm or cold water. in this way, we were able to decrease daytime sleepiness and improve vigilance. this could lead to new therapeutical applications that can help to alleviate some of the symptoms of narcolepsy. " narcolepsy is a sleep disorder that causes people to fall asleep uncontrollably during the day. it also includes features of dreaming that occur while awake. other common symptoms include sleep paralysis, hallucinations and cataplexy. about one out of every 2, 000 people is known to have narcolepsy. there does seem to be a genetic link to it. it is very rare for more than two people in the same family to have this sleep disorder. it affects the same number of men and women. the article " manipulation of core body and skin temperature improves vigilance and maintenance of wakefulness in narcolepsy " was published in the february 1 issue of the journal sleep. adapted from materials provided by american academy of sleep medicine. sciencedaily, february 1, 2008


the beauty enhancing properties of milk have been known and documented for thousands of years. legend has it that, in ancient egypt, queen cleopatra regularly bathed in goat ’ s milk to retain her youthful appearance. in the 21st century, milk remains a useful beauty ingredient that delivers nutrients and enzymes to improve the appearance of tired, aging, or irritated skin. milk is produced by mammals as the primary source of nutrition for their young. as a result, milk is packed with vitamins, minerals, protein, and carbohydrate, which are essential for the growth and development of a young mammal. customers prone to breakouts, excess oil production and / or who are lactose intolerant may want to avoid using milk - based products. topical application of milk brings out the natural beauty of skin. milk contains lactic acid, an alpha hydroxy acid ( aha ) that exfoliates the skin, removing dead cells from the skin ’ s surface and promoting the generation of fresh skin cells. regular application of milk to the skin encourages the skin ’ s natural regeneration process. ahas in milk also help to reduce the depth of the fine lines and wrinkles caused by skin aging. ahas slough off the dead skin cells that cling to the skin ’ s surface and stimulate collagen production, which diminishes the appearance of lines and wrinkles. whole milk is an effective skin conditioner. fat molecules in whole milk nourish and hydrate the skin, leaving it soft and supple. low - fat and skim milk have the fat content removed, meaning they lack the skin conditioning properties of whole milk. topical application of milk can lighten skin pigmentation by approximately half a shade. results are temporary and milk must be applied to the skin regularly to maintain the results. skin that has been irritated by sun exposure or by skin conditions such as eczema can be soothed by application of whole milk in the form of a compress. the amino acids found in milk can nourish hair, which is made of protein. in particular, glutamine stimulates hair follicle growth, making milk protein a useful ingredient in hair thickening products. consumption of milk as part of a healthy diet can also improve the condition of the skin. milk is a natural source of vitamin a, which helps to combat the effects of aging by stimulating cell regeneration. milk is also high in zinc, which has been proven to improve the appearance of skin acne in clinical trials. however, in some individuals,


is a natural source of vitamin a, which helps to combat the effects of aging by stimulating cell regeneration. milk is also high in zinc, which has been proven to improve the appearance of skin acne in clinical trials. however, in some individuals, milk can exacerbate acne outbreaks. in these cases, consumption of milk should be avoided. the protein content of milk helps to maintain healthy body tissue. as milk can be obtained in low - fat and fat - free versions, it is a healthier source of protein than red meat, which contains saturated fat that can clog the arteries. milk contains amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. tryptophan is an amino acid that has been shown to improve wellbeing and mood by stimulating the production of serotonin in the brain. serotonin has a calming and relaxing effect. tryptophan is thought to promote sleep. perhaps this is one reason why warm milk makes an ideal bedtime drink. milk is high in calcium and vitamin d, both of which play a vital role in the development and maintenance of healthy teeth and bones. a range of b vitamins are also found in milk, including thiamine, riboflavin, and vitamin b12. while the majority of milk consumed in developed countries comes from cattle, milk is also produced on a commercial scale from sheep, goats, water buffalo, yaks, donkeys, camels, and reindeer. milk is used to produce dairy products such as yogurt, butter, cream, and cheese. the type of milk used to produce the dairy products can significantly affect their taste and texture. commercially produced milk is pasteurized prior to bottling. the pasteurization process kills bacteria and harmful microorganisms that occur naturally in milk. the pasteurization process reduces the amount of thiamine, vitamin b12, and vitamin c available from milk. milk contains a sugar called lactose, which can trigger symptoms of lactose intolerance. these include diarrhea, flatulence, abdominal bloating and cramping, nausea, and vomiting. individuals with lactose intolerance should avoid consuming milk produced from animal sources. possible alternatives for milk from animal sources are soy milk or rice milk, which do not contain lactose. individuals who experience lactose intolerance when consuming milk should carry out a patch test before using products containing milk.


this is one region of slovenia that you cannot get to know merely superficially. literally. the beauties that lie hidden below the surface are even more astonishing than those that you can admire above ground in this undulating, largely forested region. practically every square kilometre conceals one of several thousand karst caves. not far from postojna, the administrative, economic and cultural centre of the region, postojna cave has been attracting visitors into its subterranean passages with their breathtaking rock formations for over a hundred years. a special electric train carries visitors on a tour of around five of the cave ' s total 21 kilometres of passages. the cave is home to the only cave - dwelling vertebrate in europe, a pale - skinned amphibian popularly known as the ' human fish ' ( scientific name : proteus anguinus ). lovers of subterranean wonders will also be charmed by krizna jama, a cave near losko polje, through which you are carried part of the way by boat. the region ' s remarkable natural sights, which are also part of the notranjska regional park, include a tall natural bridge in rakov skocjan. just a few kilometres away is yet another phenomenon of the karst world : an intermittent lake. in the months when it is full of water, lake cerknica is slovenia ' s largest lake. one of the first people in the world to research the phenomenon of the disappearance of the lake ' s water was the famous slovene historian johann weichard valvasor. in his work the glory of the duchy of carniola, published in the late 17th century, valvasor also described an original activity practised by the inhabitants of the bloke plateau which had a significant influence on the later development of skiing as a sport. at that time the plateau - dwellers were the only people in central europe to use skis to walk across snow and zigzag down snow - covered slopes. the notranjska - karst region is an area in which the same river rises to the surface and disappears underground six times, each time with a different name, before finally emerging for the seventh and last time as the ljubljanica. it rises for the first time in babno polje, famous as the place that holds the record for the lowest recorded temperature in slovenia : minus 35 degrees celsius. a prominent feature of the varied and hilly landscape of this region is the karst plateau of sneznik, which is also


© pam fray a statue of old father time in sandringham, norfolk, u. k. getting older : it ' s a common human obsession, from surgery to lift saggy skin to games that promise to keep the brain flexible. in the larger natural world, though, getting older takes many forms - - and scientists are beginning to peer more deeply into the mysterious changes to an organism ' s biology as it ages. any evolutionary biologist will say that senescence - - a rise in mortality and a physical deterioration with age - - is based on the concept of evolutionary fitness, the ability to survive and reproduce. the individuals who reproduce copies of their genes the most win the evolutionary game. if mutations arise that shorten lifespan at older ages, but help younger individuals, those mutations would get passed along. as the theory goes, there should be a whole bunch of mutations that affect later stages in life. " as humans get older, they are less able to reproduce, " said shripad tuljapurkar, a biologist at stanford university. " so the view of senescence is that it should set in at the end of reproduction, but that view doesn ' t work : we clearly have humans living long past menopause, and the question is why. " for humans, social factors could be involved. after maturity, humans have a steady mortality rate - - about one in 10, 000 per year - - until age 40, when mortality increases exponentially. around 100, 000 years ago, the rate of adult mortality was much higher : about one in 100 per year. some anthropologists and demographers have proposed the grandmother hypothesis to explain human longevity after reproductive fitness ends. the theory goes like this : women may stop reproducing themselves, but they contribute significantly to the survival ability of next generation of women, who in turn can take better care of their grandmothers. there is hardly a formula to follow when it comes to aging. some animals age better than others ; that is, they don ' t seem to get old or feeble. the rougheye rockfish can blow the candles out at 205 years old, giant tortoises live to be 255 years, and the small fresh - water hydra can regenerate cells. in the plant world, things get even stranger : aspen groves - - groups of trees that are clones of one individual - - can be 10, 000 years old, and redwood trees can live 4, 000 years. so if their old age can ' t be detected, are these things really aging


: aspen groves - - groups of trees that are clones of one individual - - can be 10, 000 years old, and redwood trees can live 4, 000 years. so if their old age can ' t be detected, are these things really aging? the answer is that they probably are, according to university of georgia ecologist richard shefferson " my own perspective is that nothing escapes aging, but you can keep growing and growing until break - point comes, and that age may be variable and hard to predict, " said shefferson. " older plants can respond worse to stress than young ones. my gut feeling is that aging is universal but not clear. " if genetics carry the code for longevity, then understanding the genome would help researchers understand the process of aging. tuljapurkar wanted to understand how what was special about individuals who lived longer than others. he published a paper in may showing that there is a tremendous amount of variation in the real world. " if you see people living a long time, chances are that ' s just luck, " said tuljapurkar. " the heritability of things like longevity, it ' s really very small. " for the science of aging, biologists have also looked to telomeres, stretches of dna at the end of chromosomes that protect genetic information. in human blood cells, the length of telomeres starts at 8, 000 base pairs at the beginning of life and slow marches to 3, 000 base pairs as people age and as low as 1, 500 in elderly people. each time a cell divides, an average person loses 30 to 200 base pairs from the ends of that cell ' s telomeres. though shortened telomeres mark a person ' s age and may prevent an individual cell from living forever, no conclusive evidence currently shows that they actively reduce human lifespan or contribute to the overall aging process. outside of humans, biologists are just beginning to understand the mechanisms in which yeast, fungi and plants get old. " most of what we understand about aging comes from a very small group of organisms, " said shefferson. " plants have hardly been explored, fungi almost untouched. what i would hope is that we get people interested in weird bizarre organisms and how the age and if they age. "


this chandra image shows two vast cavities - each 600, 000 light years in diameter - in the hot, x - ray emitting gas that pervades the galaxy cluster ms 0735. 6 + 7421 ( ms 0735 for short ). click here for a high resolution photograph. astronomers have found the most powerful eruption in the universe using nasa ' s chandra x - ray observatory. a super massive black hole generated this eruption by growing at a remarkable rate. this discovery shows the enormous appetite of large black holes, and the profound impact they have on their surroundings. the huge eruption was seen in a chandra image of the hot, x - ray emitting gas of a galaxy cluster called ms 0735. 6 + 7421. two vast cavities extend away from the super massive black hole in the cluster ' s central galaxy. the eruption, which has lasted for more than 100 million years, has generated the energy equivalent to hundreds of millions of gamma - ray bursts. this event was caused by gravitational energy release, as enormous amounts of matter fell toward a black hole. most of the matter was swallowed, but some of it was violently ejected before being captured by the black hole. " i was stunned to find that a mass of about 300 million suns was swallowed, " said brian mcnamara of ohio university in athens. " this is as large as another super massive black hole. " he is lead author of the study about the discovery, which is in the january 6, 2005, issue of nature. astronomers are not sure where such large amounts of matter came from. one theory is gas from the host galaxy catastrophically cooled and was swallowed by the black hole. the energy released shows the black hole in ms 0735 has grown dramatically during this eruption. previous studies suggest other large black holes have grown very little in the recent past, and that only smaller black holes are still growing quickly. " this new result is as surprising as it is exciting, " said co - author paul nulsen of the harvard - smithsonian center for astrophysics, cambridge, mass. " this black hole is feasting, when it should be fasting. " radio emission within the cavities shows jets from the black hole erupted to create the cavities. gas is being pushed away from the black hole at supersonic speeds over a distance of about a million light years. the mass of the displaced gas equals about a trillion suns, more than the mass of all the stars in the milky way. the rapid growth of super massive black holes is usually detected


at supersonic speeds over a distance of about a million light years. the mass of the displaced gas equals about a trillion suns, more than the mass of all the stars in the milky way. the rapid growth of super massive black holes is usually detected by observing very bright radiation from the centers of galaxies in the optical and x - ray wavebands, or luminous radio jets. in ms 0735 no bright central radiation is found, and the radio jets are faint. the true nature of ms 0735 is only revealed through x - ray observations of the hot cluster gas. " until now we had no idea this black hole was gorging itself, " said co - author michael wise of the massachusetts institute of technology in cambridge, mass. " the discovery of this eruption shows x - ray telescopes are necessary to understand some of the most violent events in the universe. " the astronomers estimated how much energy was needed to create the cavities by calculating the density, temperature and pressure of the hot gas. by making a standard assumption that 10 percent of the gravitational energy goes into launching the jets, they estimated how much material the black hole swallowed. besides generating the cavities, some of the energy from this eruption should keep the hot gas around the black hole from cooling, and some of it may also generate large - scale magnetic fields in the galaxy cluster. chandra observers have discovered other cavities in galaxy clusters, but this one is easily the largest and the most powerful. nasa ' s marshall space flight center, huntsville, ala., manages the chandra program for nasa ' s space mission directorate, washington. northrop grumman of redondo beach, calif., was the prime development contractor for the observatory. the smithsonian astrophysical observatory controls science and flight operations from the chandra x - ray center in cambridge, mass.


the achilles tendon is made up of two major muscles and one insignificant muscle. the two muscles are the soleus, which does not cross the knee and the gastrocnemius which does cross the knee. the distinction is important because most people only stretch the gastrocs ( see the typical runners stretch with the knee straight ). very few people i treat regularly stretch their soleus. the best way to do this is to be on the floor in a sprinters start and you will feel the stretch in back of the calf in the forward leg - this will be the soleus that is stretching. sometime in middle age, around age 35 or so, i often see calf strains. the situation is typically one where the muscle is fatigued, and the person steps backwards, like on a tennis court or basketball court, and they feel like they have been hit or kicked in the back of the leg. typically, it is the medial third of the gastrocs that gets strained. this is a muscle / tendon junction injury and can be easily treated, with a good outcome for return to sport. at other times, the tendon actually ruptures. this can be the same move that causes the muscle strain, but the injury is felt further down, and feels more like a gunshot to the leg. the rupture of the tendon is the last event following many more minor events that lead to the gradual thinning and weakening of the tendon. a rupture such as this requires surgery for repair. then the pt that follows the surgery needs to both restore rom, and also balance as well as explosive strength. for whatever reason, i have several achilles tendon injuries in the clinic at the moment. among my present population is an acute gastroc strain, a very irritated and strained tendon, a recently ruptured and repaired tendon and a tendon that was repaired a long time ago. each of these situations offers lessons for prevention and for recovery. the medial third gastroc strain illustrates the importance of both stretching and hydration. not hydration in therms of how much water you drink, but hydration at a tissue level. more on this later. pre - game stretching will help prevent this injury as will stopping when you have become fatigued before the injury stops you! the pre - failure tendon illustrates the consequence of multiple injuries to the tendon that lead to a thinning of the tendon ( called “ necking ” in the physiology text books ). the progressive failure of


##d before the injury stops you! the pre - failure tendon illustrates the consequence of multiple injuries to the tendon that lead to a thinning of the tendon ( called “ necking ” in the physiology text books ). the progressive failure of a dense connective tissue goes through several stages before a rupture. one of the last stages before the rupture is this necking stage. if you grab your achilles tendon and pinch it, and it hurts, then damage has occurred in the tendon to the dense connective tissues and you are on the way to further damage that might eventually lead to rupture. the recently repaired tendon needs good rehab to stimulate the best and strongest possible repair. the rehab needs to take into consideration the repair characteristics of the scar that is growing. then the strength needs to be restored. my patient with recently had a repair, for instance, cannot actively recruit the soleus at the moment. this will pass, but we need to pay attention to the restoration of strength as well as to the other issue such as balance and rom before we start thinking about activities like running and certainly before sprinting. the post surgical tendon – a year or two out, reveals that not enough energy was spent in the rehabilitation cycle. the loss of power of the injured leg has left the leg in a state of sub - optimal performance ability. we now need to help this person build muscle mass and restore the type ii muscle mass especially. i think that the best treatment for the achilles tendon is prevention of injury in the first place. so three things come to mind : - stretch the gastrocs and the soleus - strengthen the two muscles as well. to strengthen the gastrocs, do heel raises with a straight leg. to strengthen the soleus do heel raises with your knees bent. you should do 40 continuous heel raises on both legs with both positions and then do 40 continuous on each leg. - use the stick to work the tissue regularly. finally, a word about water binding in the dense connective tissues. if you are middle aged, you need to take a supplement like cosamin ds or move free that provides molecular support to the production of glucosaminoglycan – a long mucopolyscharide that binds water in the connective tissues and makes it both more elastic and also tolerant of tensile forces.


4 causes program overview the san ramon valley education foundation has identified four major causes to rally around. they are stem ( science, technology, engineering, and mathematics ), literacy, classrooms of the future and professional development. our major gifts and endowment fund raises money to support science and professional development. read with srvef raises money to support literacy and our friends of the foundation annual campaign raises money to support technology to help complete more classrooms of the future at every school in the district. revenue from our remaining fundraisers support stem and our educator grant program, which is has been at the core of our fundraising for the past 30 years. all of the education fund ’ s programming is geared toward a common goal : improving student success in san ramon valley public schools. because no single effort can yield the results we seek, the education fund utilizes a multi - faceted approach. our range of programs focuses on : - educators. our programs for educators promote leadership, professional development and collaboration among teachers and help to enhance and enrich their teaching experience. - volunteers. our volunteer program places and supports volunteers directly in schools, drawing on the skills, talents and dedication of community members, local organizations and businesses to meet student and teacher needs. - students. our programs explore problems facing youth today and believe youth are capable leaders who can be effective allies for their peers. - partners. our strategic partnerships leverage the collective resources of the san ramon valley community to provide the greatest opportunities for all students to succeed.


10071 north wadsworth parkway | westminster, co 80021 | 303 - 420 - 9720 | serving : arvada, broomfield, thornton, denver area stanley l. jeranko, dds | jeffrey a. stang, dds anthony lere, dds | hadley thurmon, dds 10071 north wadsworth parkway westminster, co 80021 for decades, fluoride has been held in high regard by the dental community as an important mineral that strengthens tooth enamel, which thereby helps to prevent decay of tooth structures. water fluoridation is endorsed by nearly every major health and safety - related organization in the world. communities make it a common practice to " fluoridate " their drinking supplies in order for the general population to benefit from this inexpensive and effective preventative treatment. according to the american dental association, more than 144 million u. s. residents in more than 10, 000 communities drink fluoridated water, most from public water supplies with sodium fluoride added artificially. can the consistent use of bottled water result in individuals missing the benefits of optimally fluoridated water? can home water treatment systems ( e. g., water filters ) affect optimally fluoridated water supplies? the answer is yes to both. read how you can avoid some of the pitfalls that may be preventing you from getting the maximum value of fluoride, in this article from the american dental association. the american dental association ` s council on scientific affairs believes that one part of the warning now required on fluoride toothpastes by the food and drug administration ( fda ) could unnecessarily frighten parents and children, and that the label greatly overstates any demonstrated or potential danger posed by fluoride toothpastes. the label language, " if you accidentally swallow more than used for brushing, seek professional help or contact a poison control center immediately, " is now required on all fluoride toothpastes. but the ada, in a letter sent to the fda last year, pointed out that a child could not absorb enough fluoride from toothpaste to cause a serious problem and that the excellent safety record on fluoride toothpaste argues against any unnecessary regulation. according to the american academy of pediatric dentistry, a child may face a condition called enamel fluorosis if he or she receives too much fluoride during the years of tooth development. too much fluoride can result in defects in tooth enamel. people


2012 sep oct nov dec 2013 jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug 1924 the royal canadian air force is formed. 1960 – the tiros - 1 satellite transmits the first television picture from space. 1975 after 40 months of construction, the cn tower is completed, becoming the world ' s tallest free - standing structure. 1973 martin cooper of motorola made the first handheld mobile phone call although it took ten years for the dynatac 8000x to become the first such phone to be commercially released. 1969 dr. denton cooley implants the first temporary artificial heart. 1958 ripple rock an underwater threat to navigation in the seymour narrows in canada is destroyed in one of the largest non - nuclear controlled explosions of the time. 1980 post - it notes are introduced world health day national wildlife week - is celebrated during the week that includes 10 april, the birth date of the late jack miner, one of the founders of canada ' s conservation movement. 1959 a team of computer manufacturers, users, and university people led by grace hopper meets to discuss the creation of a new programming language that would be called cobol. 1860 on his phonautograph machine edouard - leon scott de martinville makes the oldest known recording of an audible human voice. 1953 warner brothers premieres the first 3 - d film from a major american studio, entitled house of wax. 1970 apollo 13 is launched from cape canaveral. 1955 the polio vaccine developed by dr. jonas salk is declared safe and effective. 1960 the united states launches transit 1 - b the world ' s first satellite navigation system. 2003 the human genome project is completed with 99 % of the human genome sequenced to an accuracy of 99. 99 %. 1912 titanic sinks off the coast of newfoundland 1999 wayne gretzky announces his retirement 1897 the aurora, texas ufo incident. 1924 simon & schuster publishes the first crossword puzzle book. 1919 leslie irvin of the united states makes the first successful voluntary free - fall parachute jump using a new kind of - self - contained parachute. 1535 – the sun dog phenomenon observed over stockholm and depicted in the famous painting " vadersolstavlan ". 1994 the first discoveries of extrasolar planets are announced by astronomer alexander wolszczan earth day - cross - curricular activities and resources 1970 the first earth day is observed world book day 1985 coca - cola changes its formula and releases new coke. 2005 snuppy, the world ' s first cloned dog is born in south korea. 1959 the st. lawrence seaway linking the north american great


christian worship has been offered in this place since well before the norman conquest, and this church, standing only three hundred yards from watling street at its nearest point to faversham creek, would have been a natural site for a settlement and church at any time after st augustine and his monks came to canterbury the only trace of the saxon building, however, which the normans completely rebuilt, comprises fragments of saxon stonework found during nineteenth century alterations, undated except for part of a doss arm dated to the early eighth century - but it is not known whether this would have been part of a preaching cross on this site pre - dating any church building, or evidence of an actual building already in place. the norman church comprised the middle section of the present nave ( without the side aisles ) and some but probably not all the present chancel. this leaflet documents the principal features of the church ' s development since the conquest. the present appearance of the church owes everything to the evolution over time of a sacred place hallowed by the worship of the centuries, to meet the spiritual and social needs of successive generations. preston, which now forms part of the town of faversham, is a settlement of anglo - saxon origin. preston itself means priest ' s farmstead or manor and from anglo - saxon times to the reformation was actually owned by the monks of christ church cathedral abbey, canterbury. it is referred to in the domesday book of 1086 as prestetone. in 1716, there were but 16 families in the parish. the population was 220 at the time of the first national census in 1801. in 1831 the population was 673. there was a great increase in population after the coming of the railway to faversham in 1858. at the time of the 1871 census, the population stood at 2007. at the present time the population is around 3500. preston church is dedicated to st catherine of alexandria, a virgin martyred at the city in the early fourth century ad. concerning the actual facts of catherine ' s life, very little is known. legend, however, relates that catherine rebuked the emperor maxentius for his tyranny and worsted in debate 50 of that ruler ' s philosophers. her eloquence won over to the cause of christ the emperor ' s wife as well as 200 soldiers. the emperor sentenced catherine to be killed on a spiked wheel. the ropes by which she was bound to the wheel were broken as was the wheel itself, the spikes flying off and killing many onlookers. this


wife as well as 200 soldiers. the emperor sentenced catherine to be killed on a spiked wheel. the ropes by which she was bound to the wheel were broken as was the wheel itself, the spikes flying off and killing many onlookers. this method of execution having manifestly failed, maxentius had catherine beheaded. st catherine was a focus of intense devotion in the middle ages. she was regarded as the patroness of young women, lawyers, philosophers, preachers, millers and wheelwrights. sir john betjeman in the collin ' s pocket guide to english parish churches has described st catherine ' s as " high and distinguished among the railways and breweries ". the church has served the needs of both preston and the wider community of faversham since anglo - saxon times. all traces of the saxon church have, however, vanished. * * except for some masonry fragments - mentioned above. - ed. the norman building between 1100 and 1200 consisted of a nave and chancel with no aisle. there was probably a bell turret at the western end of the nave. in the thirteenth century additions were made to the simple plan of the church. lancet windows were placed in the north and south walls and a tower was built on the south of the nave. the south wall was pierced with two arches and the south aisle, which now contains the lady chapel, was added. the northern wall of the church stood until it was pulled down in the restoration work of the 1860 ' s. the southern wall of the norman church had disappeared earlier in 1855 when the south arcade was inserted. the present chancel, which was lengthened, is thought to be the work of john peckham, who was archbishop of canterbury from 12 ' 19 to 1292. windows were put into the north wall at this time. the first recorded incumbent dates from this time. he was walter de plesiaco, rector, who appointed richard de trenge as vicar in 1284. until the nineteenth century, no great architectural changes were carried out to the church. a notable eighteenth - century benefactor, however, was george sykes, vicar from 1715 to 1766. you will notice that his memorial tablet is in the nave, and not the chancel because the dean and chapter of canterbury cathedral are lay rectors of the parish and the chancel belongs to them. james peto, who was vicar of preston from 183 - 7 to 1878, presided over extensive restoration works carried out to the church ; the construction of the south arcade in place of the thick norman arches was carried out


and the chancel belongs to them. james peto, who was vicar of preston from 183 - 7 to 1878, presided over extensive restoration works carried out to the church ; the construction of the south arcade in place of the thick norman arches was carried out thus opening up the south aisle. the architect responsible for these works, carried out in 1853 - 5, was r c hussey. also, around this time, mr austin, the architect of the dean and chapter of canterbury, designed the present east window and restored the sedilia. the east window was, in fact, originally meant for canterbury cathedral. ( the signatures of restorers in 1912 & 1999 as well as of the original installers in 1854 are inscribed on seven lenses in the bottom right - hand side. a photograph of these is on display under the organ loft. - ed. ) in 1867 the church was enlarged by the building of the north aisle and porch and an arcade to match the one in the south was constructed. the spire also dates from this time. these important works were carried out, much money has been spent on the building, some £90, 000 between 1981 - 91 alone. before entering the worthwhile part of the chancel, considered by pevsner to be the most worthwhile part of the church, you will observe, affixed to the chancel arch the figure of our lori on the cross, with the blessed virgin mary and st john beside him. this was erected in 1947 in memory of john hankins martin, incumbent from 1912 to 1938. the words on the ‘ rood screen ’ are from revelation 22. 2. reforming zeal at the time of the reformation, and under the puritans, left its mark on all medieval churches. on either side of the arch the beam ends can be seen, that once supported a rood loft. access was by way of a doorway, the portico of which can be identified in the south wall. the fifteenth century choir stalls, with their poppyhead carvings, are of some interest. a close observation of those on the north side of the chancel will convince the visitor that the inscribing of graffiti on surface is not a twentieth - century phenomenon! carved panels of c15 / c16 choir stalls in the chancel in the northern wall of the chancel, just beyond the choir stalls, is a canopied tomb in the decorated style, which may have been, used as an easter sepulchre. in the southern wall of the chancel is a memorial tablet of some poignancy.


chancel, just beyond the choir stalls, is a canopied tomb in the decorated style, which may have been, used as an easter sepulchre. in the southern wall of the chancel is a memorial tablet of some poignancy. the tablet refers to mrs silvester borough, the eldest daughter of robert derre of derrehill who ; journeying from london to her own house in thanet, fell into " untimely travail " in ospringe, and there being delivered of two children, together with them died on 18 may 1609, aged 27. also on this wall is the first of a sequence of 15 stations of the cross. these portray the passion of our lord. the fifteenth station, which you see on the wall opposite, represents christ in glory. the stations were given in memory of john mount elliott, who died on 27 october 1981. there are two memorial brasses on the chancel floor, just short of the sanctuary. the brass on the north side is of valentine and cecilia baret of perry court. he died on 20 november 1440 and she. on i1 march 1442. she was a daughter of marcellus at lese, of sheldwich. they had no sons ; perry court, which had belonged to the barets for about a hundred years, passed into the hands of the darrel ( or darell ) family of colehill. the barets ' only daughter joanne married john darrel. the brass on the south side is of william mareys, courtier and squire of henry v, the victor of agincourt. his " fantastic armour work " as arthur mee described it, incorporates the latest technology of the day, including some elbow buckles. william, who later married joan, the widow of thomas bromston, the owner of macknade manor, was later a member of the household of cardinal beaufort, son of john of gaunt, " time honoured lancaster ", several times lord chancellor of england. william died on 31 august 1459. the words issuing from william ' s lips are : " i will sing the mercies of the lord for ever ". on the stone slab the words " mercy jesu " are twice repeated. in the sanctuary is the impressive marble tomb erected in 1629 by richard boyle, first earl of cork 1566 - 1643 ), in memory of his parents, roger and joan ( nee naylor ). they are the recumbent figures on the tomb ; they lived in preston parish until their respective deaths


1629 by richard boyle, first earl of cork 1566 - 1643 ), in memory of his parents, roger and joan ( nee naylor ). they are the recumbent figures on the tomb ; they lived in preston parish until their respective deaths in 1576 and 1586. the eldest son, john, is depicted kneeling at the feet of his parents : john became bishop of cork in 1618, dying in 1620. richard himself is depicted kneeling at his parents ' head, facing eastwards. kneeling at the side of tomb are depicted the three remaining children of roger and joan. hugh, their third son, killed in wars abroad, is joined by elizabeth, the eldest daughter, wife of piers power, and mary, wife of sir richard smyth. richard made his money mainly by buying all sir walter raleigh ' s confiscated estates and developing them. he had 12 children ; the eldest inherited his title as earl of cork ( to which was added that of burlington, so preston can claim a link with the fashionable burlington arcade of piccadilly ). after two more generations, that family became extinct since the fourth earl had only two daughters, one of whom married lord hartington, later duke of devonshire ( so that the boyle estates in ireland went to that family ). the other married lord euston, son of the duke of grafton, who is reputed to have murdered her. the fifth son of richard, who erected this monument, was robert boyle ( 1627. 1691 ), philosopher and scientist. robert formulated the scientific law, known as boyle ' s law, that the volume of a given mass of gas varies inversely as the pressure, if the temperature remains constant. he was a founder of the royal society and founded a lectureship in defence of christianity. the monument, having fallen into a sad state of decay, was restored during the ministry of noel brownsell ( 1938 - 1951 ). more recently, work to the tomb has been carried out and funded by the duke of devonshire. on the south side of the sanctuary, on the epistle side of the altar, are the sedilia ( three seats for ministers at the eucharist, still used today ) and a piscina ( a small basin, set in the wall, for the. priest to wash his fingers during the offertory ) beside them. both sedilia and piscina are in the decorated style and date from about 1315. when the sedilia were restored in 1877 the three pinnacles were added and not copied. the faces


fingers during the offertory ) beside them. both sedilia and piscina are in the decorated style and date from about 1315. when the sedilia were restored in 1877 the three pinnacles were added and not copied. the faces on the bar parallel with the piscina are original ; the features have power and character. there is some similarity between these and thirteenth century works in westminster abbey. cleaning and conservation work were carried out in 1990 with the help of a pilgrim trust grant. the high altar and reredos were dedicated in 1947 as a memorial to a former vicar john hankins martin. the hanging pyx ( in which the blessed sacrament is reserved ), adapted from an edwardian sanctuary lamp, was designed by leslie durbin, who also designed the scottish and welsh £1 coins. the pyx was given in memory of peter head, who died in december 1978. of the chancel windows, the great east window by george austin, has received favourable comment by pevsner. the stained glass in the south chancel windows was installed in 1879 and is the work of messrs clayton and bell. the only ancient glass is to be found in the north east windows, behind the boyle monument, which includes a fine thirteenth century grisaille ( monochromatic stained glass in shades of grey ) roundel. the nave with both sets of arcades dates from james peto ' s incumbency in the nineteenth century. the western door and the three light windows over it are in perpendicular style. an interesting memorial to john finch of preston, esq. lies inside the west door. he died on ` the feast of st peter & st paul 1669 '. the present nave altar was established in 1985 as a memorial to kenneth harman warner, former bishop of edinburgh, tom harris, former churchwarden and vernon allen, priest, who had all been regular worshippers at this church. the fine lectern was dedicated in memory of william carus - wilson ( vicar 1894 - 1911 ) by parishioners and friends. look up to the barrel vaulting of the nave roof and notice the embosses of a nun and a monk on the arches of the south aisle. one of the tombstones in the nave floor is inscribed in latin and bears the coat of arms of charles hulse, gentlemen, who died on 17 october 1678, aged 54 years. south aisle ( lady chapel ) the south aisle is in the early decorated style. in 1947, it was dedicated to our lady and a figure of the


of charles hulse, gentlemen, who died on 17 october 1678, aged 54 years. south aisle ( lady chapel ) the south aisle is in the early decorated style. in 1947, it was dedicated to our lady and a figure of the virgin and child, a copy of an italian statue, the work of martin travers, was erected above the lady altar itself is in memory of fr carus - wilson. the aumbry ( now used for keeping the holy oils ), given in memory of douglas reynolds, ex - chorister, the candlesticks engraved with ears of wheat and hops, given of charles carey, ex - chorister, were installed in about 1968. the stained glass window, depicting st michael and st george installed in 1922 in memory of the men from the parish who died in the first world war. the face of the devil, who is being trampled underfoot by the archangel, is said to bear a resemblance wilhelm ii. the statue of st catherine, which stands at the eastern end of the north aisle, above the stalls where the choir now sings, stands on a plinth, which was all that remained of the medieval figure of the saint. the original figure would have probably been over the original south door. the modern statue was made by mr w day and dedicated in 1971 in memory of miss mollie livermore. to the right of the statue is a mural brass of bennet, the wife of thomas finch ; she died in 1612, he in 1615. above the brass is a mural tablet in bas - relief depicting them both. the tomb behind the choir stalls was moved in 1866 from the original north wall. there is a mural tablet on the wall commemorating those who died in the 1939 - 45 war. as well as the restoration of st paul to the feast day of 29th june on the john finch memorial at the west end ( cf. p. 6 above ) - a reversal of reformation practice - what seems to be a further piece of evidence of the persistence of catholic tradition and practice at preston may be found in the list of incumbents by the north door, where we find the bald statement : ` 1645 - church suppressed '. the next incumbent, francis worrall, was not inducted until 1662 - the year of the final edition of the book of common prayer. the later, tractarian leanings of the parish in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries are well attested, and st catherine ' s has continued to uphold that strong doctrinal, spiritual and liturgical tradition up


nicolaus copernicus, who lived from 1473 until 1543, is known for his idea that the sun is motionless at the center of the universe and that the earth and other planets all revolve around it. this polish astronomer revolutionized beliefs involving the universe, making his thoughts controversial in his time, but common knowledge in our own ( westman ). before the time of copernicus, people had extremely different views of the universe. a greek astronomer named ptolemy had his own theory of the earth and its relationship with the sun and other planets. around 140 ad, he came up with a system that showed the earth at the center of the universe with the sun and planets revolving around it in a spherical shape ( reichenbach 15 - 17 ). ptolemy also believed that the earth remained still and that the outermost sphere contained the stars, which were fixed in space ( westman ). copernicus ' s theory showed the earth and other planets revolving around the sun in a circular motion. at the same time, the moon is rotating around the earth as well. like ptolemy, copernicus believed that the stars occupied the region farthest from the sun. copernicus, however, never stated whether or not these stars were in a fixed sphere around the universe or if they were scattered throughout space. unlike ptolemy ' s motionless earth, copernicus said the earth rotates around itself daily, causing night and day ( armitage, 112 - 15 ). he also realized that the greater the distance from the sun a planet was, the more time it takes for that planet to completely revolve around the sun ( westman ). at first, copernicus only planned to use his new system as an easier way to chart the planets ' positions. but, he explained everything with such high detail and mathematics that astronomers around the time of his death began to wonder if his theory might actually be the truth. he was cautious to publish his ideas because he saw potential for trouble and possibly even a heresy charge... [ continues ] cite this essay ( 2005, 04 ). nicolaus copernicus. studymode. com. retrieved 04, 2005, from http : / / www. studymode. com / essays / nicolaus - copernicus - 53629. html " nicolaus copernicus " studymode. com. 04 2005. 04 2005 < http : / / www. studymode. com / essays / nicolaus - copernicus - 53629. html


traveling with children can be loads of fun but it also poses challenges that can test even the calmest of parents. the safest way for your child to travel is in their car seat, even if they ’ re on a plane. if there is a sudden change in trajectory, that 5 - point harness will be able to hold onto the child better. we have a much better probability of surviving a crash ( and less injury ) if we stay where we ’ re seated. if we ’ re flinging around the inside of a car or plane, our chances of injury or death are increased. children are at a disadvantage because they ’ re lighter weight and have much more flexible cartilige than they do rigid bone because of all the growing that they have to do. that means that the 5 - point harness that the car seats use hold in that little flexible body way better than just a 3 - point seatbelt would. ( a 3 - point seatbelt is a standard lap - shoulder seatbelt ), or a 2 - point ( lap belt ) on a plane. let ’ s go back to the how do you catch a raw egg demonstration. let ’ s imagine you ’ re running while holding an egg in your flat palm hand. if you stop, the egg would keep going and fling off of your hand in front of you. the is newton ’ s first law of physics, the law of inertia, “ an object in motion will stay in motion until an unbalanced force upon it. ” meaning, if gravity weren ’ t affecting the object to bring it to earth, it would keep going. the only way to stop the egg from flying off your hand and crashing to earth would be to curl your fingers around it and hold it in place. if you apply the same principal to your child riding in the car at 30mph to 60mph, or 500mph in a plane? now, that vehicle just dramatically changed directions by either crashing into another vehicle, or losing altitude? what ’ s holding your child to their seat? will they keep moving forward and hit the seat in front of them? will the hit the door, as the car has been twisted and the door that was next to them is suddenly in front of them? what about the plane? if we lost altitude, they would ‘ fly ’ and hit the ceiling. it is important to have your child sitting in their car seat and properly buckled any time they are in a vehicle that is moving, whether that ’ s a plane, train, or


we lost altitude, they would ‘ fly ’ and hit the ceiling. it is important to have your child sitting in their car seat and properly buckled any time they are in a vehicle that is moving, whether that ’ s a plane, train, or automobile. rv ’ s are a whole other story and don ’ t have the same safety regulations that cars do, but we ’ ll leave this topic for another day. before you take off for the relatives house for the holidays, or even just running around town. please take the time to buckle your child properly in their car seat. - for car seat information, read your manual, check the seat, find a tech. - for a plane, if you have purchased your child a seat, bring their car seat and install it. they will get the window seat, and really will be more comfortable because the seat fits them. * booster seats are not approved for use on aircraft, but still take it with you and gate check it. that way you ’ re guaranteed to have it on the other end when you arrive. - for a plane ii, if you have not purchased your child a seat ( airlines don ’ t usually require you to purchase a seat for your child until they are 2 years of age ), then check - in early and ask if there are any open seats that you may use for your child and their car seat. just remember every time you travel, if might feel safe in the car, but just imagine an egg sitting on the hood, not belted in... what would happen if you stopped suddenly? i wish you all happy holidays, and safe passage.


like any ip address of the form 192. 168. x. y, 192. 168. 1. 1 is a private ipv4 address. devices on different networks can have this same ip address, but only one device on an internal network can have it. typically, this is the address of routers manufactured for home use by companies such as linksys. note that a router actually has at least two ip addresses visible to other devices : one for devices within the network and the other for the internet. configuring your router through 192. 168. 1. 1 you can visit http : / / 192. 168. 1. 1 to access your router ’ s configuration software through your computer ’ s browser. your connection to the router could be wired or wireless, although it is recommendable to be wired if you ’ re a novice. you may now be prompted for a username and password. for linksys, the default username and password are “ admin. ” in some firmware versions, the username is blank. for other models, try using “ admin ” - < blank > or “ admin ” - “ password ”. note that you can always change the router ’ s ip address from its default. cannot connect to 192. 168. 1. 1? if you cannot connect to 192. 168. 1. 1, try looking up the following suggested solutions. - make sure that the ip address of your computer is 192. 168. 1. x ( where x is between 2 to 255 ). to do this in windows, right click on network ( in the start menu ) and choose properties. now, choose “ view status ” of your lan connection. go to “ properties ” and then click “ internet protocol ( tcp / ipv4 ) ” and click the properties button. you can choose to obtain an ip address automatically ( i. e. through dhcp ), or you can assign an appropriate, unique ip address. for example, you can choose 192. 168. 1. 2 as the ip address, if it has not been already assigned on the network. leave the subnet mask at 255. 255. 255. 0 and type in 192. 168. 1. 1 for the default gateway. - if you think the ip address of the router has been changed, try one of the following : - find out the address of the default gateway. in windows, open the command line by going to start - > run. type in “ ipcon


incline village, nev. - birds at lake tahoe are a lot like people. some are here year - round. some are here just for the winter. and others get blown off course, unsure of how they got here at all. and when birds find themselves in the unfamiliar environs of the lake tahoe basin, people purposefully come here to see them. kirk hardie, a biologist who teaches field ornithology at sierra nevada college and co - founder of the tahoe institute for natural science, spoke about the navigational follies of some species during a talk on winter birds last tuesday at the uc davis tahoe environmental research center. a long - tailed duck, a black - and - white species with a propensity for diving, has been spotted at lake tahoe within the past two weeks, hardie said. the duck breeds in the far north and should be along the coast for winter, according to the cornell lab of ornithology. hardie described the species as " well out " of its expected range. how it got here isn ' t known, but the bird ' s presence has brought birders up from sacramento in search of checking another species of their lifetime identification lists, hardie said. the duck is hard to spot because it tends to dwell well off shore, hardie said. it ' s for good reason, as the duck is one of the deepest - diving of its kind, able to reach 200 feet deep in its search of food. birds deviate from their normal migration routes for numerous reasons hardie said, including being an inexperienced juvenile, being blown off course by a storm or " being born with the wrong dna " for the right migration. some just get lost, the biologist said. a red - naped sapsucker, a woodpecker with brilliant scarlet patches on its throat and head, was among the recent anomalies in the basin when it was spotted during an annual christmas bird count in the basin. a native of much nevada and the great basin, the sapsucker was only slightly off course, hardie said. an american white pelican was also noted among the species during the christmas count, hardie said. a visit from the pelican, one of the largest birds in north america, isn ' t completely out of the ordinary, according to the biologist, but their appearances can be a little random. the bird winters throughout much of southern california. three - hundred and five species of birds have been sighted in the lake ta


progress report, compiled from the national reports to the un commission on sustainable development five years after agenda 21 was adopted. agenda 21 implementation from eco - logic, may / june, 1998 agenda 21 has never been debated or adopted by the congress of the united states. nevertheless, it is being vigorously implemented by the administrative agencies of the federal government, and by other nations around the world. more than 150 nations, including the united states of america, are participants in the united nations commission on sustainable development ( csd ). america ' s participation is not the result of an international treaty, ratified by congress. america ' s participation is the result of george bush signing agenda 21 at the 1992 united nations conference on environment and development in rio, and the current administration ' s desire to implement its objectives. participating nations voluntarily submit an annual report to the csd. in april, 1996, another massive gathering in rio, evaluated the progress toward the implementation of agenda 21, five years after it was adopted. staggering progress has been made world wide, and particularly in the united states. the following chart indicates progress made toward 32 specific agenda 21 objectives. the solid lines indicate the percentage of participating nations that have programs in place to achieve each of the objectives, or activities, listed on the left. the striped lines indicate the percentage of participating nations that are currently developing such programs. look carefully at the program activities, and the percentage of nations that already have active programs in place for each activity ; global implementation of agenda 21 is much very close to reality. in the united states, programs are already in place to achieve each of the objectives. the united nations rates as " very good " the progress of the united states in each of these categories. the un ' s analysis of each nation ' s report is available on the un web site. a closer examination of what the un has to say about the united state ' s implementation of agenda 21 is most revealing. one of the 32 specific objectives of agenda 21 is to create a " national coordinating body " in each nation. of the more than 150 participating nations, 73 % already have such a body, and an additional 9 % are in the process of creating a national coordinating body. in the united states, the national coordinating body is the president ' s council on sustainable development ( pcsd ). the united nations report says : " in the united states, the pcsd was conceived to formulate recommendations for the implementation of agenda 21 " the un report was prepared from information supplied by the u. s. state department. the report says


). the united nations report says : " in the united states, the pcsd was conceived to formulate recommendations for the implementation of agenda 21 " the un report was prepared from information supplied by the u. s. state department. the report says further : " the fundamental objective of the council was to forge a consensus among the various stakeholders ( government, business and industry, private citizens, non - profits, labor, etc. ) and create a viable sustainable development strategy that articulated the interests and concerns of all groups. " in america, the constitution requires that consensus on public policy be hammered out in public by elected officials, not by 28 appointed individuals, carefully selected because of their known support of the principles expressed in agenda 21. this un description of the pcsd is found in a section of the report entitled " integrated decision - making, " also known as the " consensus " process. all federal agencies have now adopted this " consensus " process to by - pass congress and other elected bodies, to build consensus on agenda 21 activities at the local, state, and national levels. the un report describes america ' s progress in each of the activity areas in glowing terms. the report boasts that : " the government has included representatives of ngos in the national delegation to every session of the commission on sustainable development as well as at other major international meetings. " ngos play a vital role in the consensus process. through the new " partnering " programs of all federal agencies, selected ngos are funded to generate support for specific objectives, then provided a seat on the official u. s. delegation to un meetings to demonstrate " civil society " support for un and agenda 21 programs. " most family planning interventions are conducted by ngos such as planned parenthood. in preparation for the international conference on population and development, public meetings were held throughout the u. s. to facilitate the participation of ngos and individuals. " according to the report, the u. s. spent $ 25 million " on the development of new contraceptive methods. " the u. s. department of human services is credited with changing america ' s attitude about contraceptives : " in other words, policy has shifted from discouraging contraception on the basis of age and marital status to promoting it to all who do not have access to service. " " sustainable development in school curriculum " is one of the 32 specific objectives of agenda 21. this objective has been achieved in 63 % of the participating nations, and in process in another 17 %. in america : " the national strategy on education is prepared by


sustainable development in school curriculum " is one of the 32 specific objectives of agenda 21. this objective has been achieved in 63 % of the participating nations, and in process in another 17 %. in america : " the national strategy on education is prepared by the department of education and includes such programmes as goals 2000 and school to work. the biodiversity and ecosystem network ( beni ) was launched in october 1994 to utilize electronic communication networks to foster collaboration among partners in ecosystem management. the global learning and observations to benefit the environment ( globe ) was initiated to enable elementary and secondary school students to collect environmental data... through the internet. " ( emphasis in original. ) the environmental protection agency ( epa ) is a major conduit through which agenda 21 programs and policies flow into the united states, without the benefit of congressional debate or decision. many of the initiatives are introduced by ngos, funded by the epa through their " sustainable development challenge grant program. " in 1996, the epa reported the following challenge grants. source : state department report to the un commission on sustainable development. recipient amount program title wilson college 48, 000 community supported agriculture in the mid - atlantic region olympic peninsula foundation 100, 000 washington wood smart certification program university of north carolina arboretum 50, 000 sustainable craft industry in appalachia new orleans building materials exchange 72, 070 building materials exchange in new orleans new hampshire forest sustainable standards work team 26, 000 sustaining forestry in new hampshire friends of the rappahannock 20, 000 marketing the economic benefits of sustainable development in the rappahannock river watershed thomas jefferson planning district commission 20, 000 preserving sustainability in central virginia region nebraska state recycling association 75, 000 ecopark development in omaha colleton county research development board 42, 000 implementing a strategic plan for sustainable development in south carolina arizona state university 70, 866 sustainable neighborhood design for the desert southwest in 1997, the epa reported 42 " challenge grants, " but chose not to report the name of the organization that received the money or how much money was awarded. a description of the funded projects is available on the epa web site at the following address : honest! ( this file is not easily accessible, but you can try. ) some of the program titles are : fish for the future ( oregon ) ; kansas city area sustainable land use initiative ; coastal georgia greenway ; building a sustainable community from the ground up ( kentucky ) : san francisco league of urban gardeners ( slug ) ; community bicycle shop ( washington ). social aspects of sustainable development as early as 1976, the un adopted a


; coastal georgia greenway ; building a sustainable community from the ground up ( kentucky ) : san francisco league of urban gardeners ( slug ) ; community bicycle shop ( washington ). social aspects of sustainable development as early as 1976, the un adopted a policy relating to land use and population distribution : " all countries should establish as a matter of urgency a national policy on human settlements, embodying the distribution of population... over national territory. such a policy should be devised to facilitate population redistribution to accord with the availability of resources. " ( recommendation a. 1, habitat i, vancouver ). the commission on sustainable development ' s report laments " the u. s. does not have an official population policy.... the u. s. also has no specific policies to modify the spatial distribution of the population. " the report applauds, however, the u. s. ' s expenditure of $ 25 million " on the development of new contraceptive methods, " and the $ 144 million spent on " all aspects of population research. " the un report says that in america, the department of health & human services operates an office of population affairs ( opa ) which serves nearly 5 million people through a network of 4, 800 clinics to provide " contraceptive services and supplies. " moreover, usaid works through the united nations population fund to provide population control assistance in 60 countries. the report says that in america, " policy has shifted from discouraging contraception on the basis of age and marital status to promoting it to all who do not have access to services. " education is a key ingredient in the transformation to a sustainable society. the un commission on sustainable development reports that in america, " the national strategy on education is prepared by the department of education and includes such programmes as goals 2000 and school to work " ( emphasis added ). the national environmental education advisory council to the department of education consists of eleven individuals appointed by the epa administrator and includes representatives of women, ngos, and local authorities ( visioning councils ). the u. s. state department reported to the un that : " at the primary school level, school curricula have already been reviewed and revised, and at the secondary school level, the revision of school curricula is being undertaken currently to address environment and development as a cross cutting issue. " the state department also told the un : " the u. s. has been involved in several awareness raising programmes and activities aimmed at the population at large ( earth day, industry supported campaigns


to address environment and development as a cross cutting issue. " the state department also told the un : " the u. s. has been involved in several awareness raising programmes and activities aimmed at the population at large ( earth day, industry supported campaigns, ad council, program kab, arbor day, globe program, discovery channel, national geographic programmes, cnn, zooq, as it happens, and water clean - up programmes. " while land use and zoning regulations are still considered to be a matter of local control, " the department of housing and urban development ( hud ) operates a land use systems technology program, and a sustainable communities development system " ( emphasis in original ). the programs are aimed at " providing overall policy and technical purview of technologies affecting all dimensions of the ecological, land, natural resources, industrial, and development aspects of urbanization. " the report says that " the u. s. played an active role in habitat ii. usaid ' s urban programming approaches promote the principles of sustainable human settlements. " ( see cologic, july / august, 1996 for comprehensive reports on habitat ii ). the transition from free - market agriculture to managed sustainable agriculture is well advanced in america, according to the un report. sustainable agriculture is defined in american law ( food, agriculture, conservation, and trade act of 1990 - 7 use 3101 ) to be : " an integrated system of plant and animal production practices having a site - specific application that will, over the long term, satisfy human food and fiber needs ; enhance environmental quality and the natural resource base upon which the agriculture economy depends ; make the most efficient use of nonrenewable resources and on - farm resources and integrate, where appropriate, natural biological cycles and controls ; sustain the economic viability of farm operation ; and enhance the quality of life for farmers and members of rural communities, and society as a whole. " to achieve sustainable agriculture in america, the u. s. department of agriculture works " in concert with the president ' s council on sustainable development " to implement several programs such as the environmental quality incentives program ( epuip ), and the farmland protection program, which was created to purchase development rights on up to 137, 600 ha of private property. the conservation reserve program has an additional 36 million acres of private property out of production, at least temporarily. the usda also funds the sustainable agriculture network ( san ) to provide information and advocacy to ngos and the public. other usda programs in place to promote sustainable agriculture include the integrated farm


million acres of private property out of production, at least temporarily. the usda also funds the sustainable agriculture network ( san ) to provide information and advocacy to ngos and the public. other usda programs in place to promote sustainable agriculture include the integrated farm management systems ; integrated pest management ; appropriate technology transfer for rural areas ; and the alternative farming systems information center. the soil conservation service has been transformed into the natural resource conservation service with agents in virtually every county " to assist landowners with resource planning. " a revolving loan fund has been established to assist farmers in becoming sustainable through the development through the development of " non - food, non - feed, non - traditional agricultural products " such as the " manufacture of paper from straw ; manufacture of high - quality furniture from low - quality logs ; the use of kenaf as a mat for seeding lawn grass making newsprint and fiberboard ; and the use of milkweed as a filler for pillows and comforters. " america ' s efforts to achieve agenda 21 ' s objectives relating to the atmosphere are rated as " good. " the state department report to the un boasts that the epa, the department of energy, and the national oceanic and atmospheric administration are " full - fledged " members of the president ' s council on sustainable development. " the president ' s climate change plan includes nearly 50 initiatives... " according to the report. the u. s. supports the " conservation and enhancement " of carbon sinks, which is biomass and forests ( bioregions ), whether publicly or privately owned. the report boasts that the u. s. spent $ 31. 9 billion on air pollution abatement in 1993. interestingly, the convention on biological diversity is described as " signed in 1993, but not yet ratified. " nevertheless, the report says " cooperative efforts involving various levels of government and the private sector are underway to implement the biosphere reserve concept in several regions. " the southern appalachian man and the biosphere program ( samab ), and the international sonoran desert alliance, " a cluster of biosphere reserves in northwestern mexico and arizona, " are identified as example of implementation of the objectives of agenda 21. the nature conservancy is particularly identified as having " pioneered " biodiversity conservation. to achieve the objectives of agenda 21, and the convention on biological diversity, the report identifies several federal initiatives, including : the national biological service ; interagency committee on the environment and natural resources ; interagency ecosystem management task force, and the ecosystem management initiative. " ecosystem management strategies


and the convention on biological diversity, the report identifies several federal initiatives, including : the national biological service ; interagency committee on the environment and natural resources ; interagency ecosystem management task force, and the ecosystem management initiative. " ecosystem management strategies have been adopted by the department of interior, agriculture, defense, energy, epa, and noaa. in some cases, broad - scale organizational frameworks are being implemented. for example, the u. s. fish & wildlife service in the department of interior has defined approximately 50 ecosystem units across the country as a basis for future planning related to sustainable management.... " the report says that usaid provides funding to the biodiversity conservation network, which coordinates ngos and " private sector partners, " as well as to the indonesia biodiversity foundation, the mexican conservation fund, and a $ 3 million grant to conservation international. " forest legislation has recently been revised to help combat deforestation envisaged under chapter 11 of agenda 21 and includes the forest stewardship act of 1990 ; the cooperative forestry assistance act of 1990 ; america the beautiful ( 1990 ) ; an the national indian forest resources an management act, " according to the state department report to the un. the president ' s forest plan adopted for the pacific northwest region is described as " the best example of policy following the unced [ agenda 21 ] forest principles. " the report says that the " american forest an paper association, which represents 95 % of the industrial forest land in the u. s., approved a set of sustainable forestry principles and guidelines. with the help of ngos which continue " to draw attention to disparities between sustainable goals and current practices, " and plans developed at the state level, " resource plans will ultimately bring millions of hectares of nonindustrial private forest lands under stewardship management. " while by no means complete, this summary of the united states ' report to the un commission on sustainable development should put to rest any doubt that the clinton / gore administration is, in fact, deliberately implementing agenda 21 in america. where laws have been revised, congress has not been told that the purpose of the revision is to comply with the mandates of agenda 21. where policies can be implemented administratively, congress is not even consulted. at the state and local level, elected officials are deliberately by - passed until local support can be generated by a " stakeholders " council, led by ngo professionals, funded by the federal government or by foundations in " partnership " with the federal government. agenda 21 embraces virtually every aspect of human life ; it


by - passed until local support can be generated by a " stakeholders " council, led by ngo professionals, funded by the federal government or by foundations in " partnership " with the federal government. agenda 21 embraces virtually every aspect of human life ; it is being implemented aggressively in the united states. congress has never examined the totality of the agenda. instead, congress is fed only bits and pieces in the context of " protecting the environment. " the ultimate objective of agenda 21 is to establish " international norms " of personal behavior that are dictated by a handful of the world ' s enlightened elite who believe they know best how people ought to live. the un commission on sustainable development is not the result of a treaty ratified by the senate. america participates in the un organization by executive decree. through the clinton / gore administration, america is actually driving the agenda globally, and making it possible for the un to dictate, not only in america, but around the world, how all people must live. sustainable development menu agenda 21 is real and in play!!!! down with the united nataions.. they have been and are destroying america..! view the trailerilluminati credentialsthe crf roster..! the truth about hades..! bhs is an imbecilic puppet..! commie / muslim / unitarian..! to all the murdered babies.. god bless you..! as per, barney frank : " we are forcing money, upon the elderley, let them die ".. the death panel in action..! the ultimate power is god..! satan is a liar...! god bless and in god we must trust..!


thursday, august 2, 2012 the connection might be difficult for today ’ s generation to make, but modern printer technology has its roots going as far back as the 1400s. in those times, printing was quite a manual effort, requiring bulky machines that definitely would not fit on your average office desk. these primitive machines, known as printing presses, revolutionized the speed at which books were printed. most books were copied by hand prior to the invention of printing presses. these heavy, wooden devices accepted type arranged into pages placed within a frame that is placed upon a flat stone known as a “ bed. ” the type would be “ loaded ” with ink while the paper would be held between two frames. the bed would be rolled under a platen used to provide pressure to make an ink impression. it is interesting to note how some of the terms used for printing press components are still used today. one renaissance - era printing press could generate 3, 600 pages per day, which was phenomenal when compared to the few pages that could be done per day when copying by hand. by today ’ s standards the process used to make “ printouts ” with a classic printing press was incredibly slow. in its time, however, the printing press was a remarkable breakthrough in printing technology, improving communications and rendering scribes obsolete. it has been said that the so - called “ printer revolution ” began the “ democratization of knowledge ” and formed the foundation for our modern knowledge - based economy by making the printed word both available and affordable to the general public. the invention of the classic printing press was so remarkable that it would remain in use without significant change in design until the early 1800s. around this time the world began to see several major changes in printing press technology, including the replacement of the printing flatbed with the rotary motion of cylinders and the release of the first steam - powered, automatic printing press. by 1843, a steam - powered rotary printing press could printing millions of copies of a page in just one day, making newspapers available to the masses and helping to spread literacy amongst the general population. jobbing presses were invented that could print small - format pieces such as letterheads and business cards. by the early 1940s, printing presses could generate up to 3, 000 impressions per hour. today ’ s printing presses have come a long way since then. fully - automatic, digital presses can print and fold entire newspapers now using multiple fonts and multiple colors. capable of printing 230 a4 pages per minute, the xeikon 8000 currently holds the record as the


come a long way since then. fully - automatic, digital presses can print and fold entire newspapers now using multiple fonts and multiple colors. capable of printing 230 a4 pages per minute, the xeikon 8000 currently holds the record as the fastest digital color press in the world. while such a speed record may be prove valuable to the printing industry, it hardly makes a difference to the average consumer, someone who isn ’ t in the market for a multi - million dollar printing system. fortunately for consumers, printing technology became rapidly available to the masses in the middle of the 20th century. xerox developed the first automatic photocopier in 1959, going fully digital just a couple decades later. dot - matrix printers became commonplace in households in the mid - 1980s, allowing the average consumer to print a variety of items without the need of a professional printing press. despite being cheap and versatile, dot - matrix printers proved to be too slow and cumbersome for the average user. inkjet and laser printers practically replaced them overnight as soon as they became affordable enough for home - based use. with the inclusion of faxing and scanning capabilities, the average consumer - grade printer is capable of serving many needs that once could only be done by a professional printer or photo shop. jeff gonzales is a tech writer, software engineer and overall 15 - year veteran in the it industry. he writes for businesses covering it products and categories, e. g : printers from harvey horman. when he is not busy writing code or writing copy, he can be found travelling the world, working out in the gym or mixing underground house music. this post was published by : appsapp appsapp is a professional blogger, entrepreneur and internet visionary. follow him on twitter technews24h koristi i preporucuje - avalon web hosting recommended.


richard stallman may have kick - started the free software and open source software community, but the open source initiative was founded in 1998 by bruce perens and eric raymond to offer an alternative approach to defining and promoting the same software development processes and licenses, and that approach has gotten the lion ’ s share of public recognition since. free software is a term that both promotes stallman ’ s ideological goals regarding how software is distributed, thus turning off business - oriented software users who disagree with stallman ’ s ideology, and manages to conflate itself with software that simply doesn ’ t cost anything. perens and raymond coined the term “ open source software ” to refer to software developed under essentially the same conditions as stallman ’ s free software definition. once the term “ open source software ” was coined, it was also defined. the official open source definition is clear, and explains how software must be licensed to qualify as open source software. the specific points of the definition address issues related to : - source code - derived works - integrity of the author ’ s source code - no discrimination against persons or groups - no discrimination against fields of endeavor - distribution of license - license product specificity - license restrictions on other software - license technology neutrality a summary of the effect of the conditions mandated by that definition is available in the wikipedia article about open source software : open - source software ( oss ) is computer software that is available in source code form for which the source code and certain other rights normally reserved for copyright holders are provided under a software license that permits users to study, change, and improve the software. unfortunately, the fact is that many people misuse the term “ open source software ” when referring to their own software. in the process of looking for a decent dice roller irc bot in 2010, i came across one called bones. on the announcement page for it, bones : ruby irc dicebot, its author said the dicebot is : free : like most irc bots, bones is open source and released free of charge. in subsequent email discussion with its author, it turned out that his definition of “ open source ” is substantially different from that of the open source initiative, me personally, and the entire open source community — to say nothing of microsoft, oracle, tech journalists, and just about everybody else who uses the term : question : you said in your page for bones that “ like most irc bots, bones is open source and released free of charge. ” what open source license are you using for it? i haven


just about everybody else who uses the term : question : you said in your page for bones that “ like most irc bots, bones is open source and released free of charge. ” what open source license are you using for it? i haven ’ t released it under any particular open source license. it ’ s only open source in so far as it isn ’ t closed source. in an attempt to clarify the legal standing of the irc bot, i asked further : any chance i could get you to let me do stuff with it under a copyfree license ( my preference is the open works license, though bsd and mit / x11 licenses or public domain are great too ) so i can hack on yours a bit rather than just having to start over from scratch? i don ’ t plan on releasing it under a license, but that shouldn ’ t stop you from making changes to the code if you like. of course, if i have the source in my possession — which is pretty much a given for any ruby program — i can indeed make changes to it if i like. the point he ignored is that without a license setting out what permissions the copyright holder grants to recipients of the code, these recipients cannot legally share changes with others. this effectively made any interest i had in improving his program dry up and blow away. it also effectively means that when he called it “ open source ”, he made an error either of ignorance or of deception. when i pointed out to him the legal problems involved, he declined to respond. there is some argument to be made as to whether a license that conforms to the requirements of the open source definition should be called an “ open source ” license even if it has not been certified by the osi itself. many of us are inclined to regard a license as an open source license if it obviously fits the definition, regardless of certification. by that standard, the open works license and wtfpl ( note : the full name of the wtfpl may not be safe for reading at work, depending on your workplace ; be careful clicking on that link ) are open source licenses. by the standards of the list of osi approved licenses, however, they are not — because the osi requires an extensive review process that lies somewhat outside the range of what many would - be license submitters have the time and resources to pursue. let us for argument ’ s sake accept that merely conforming to the open source definition is sufficient to call a license “ open source ”, regardless of official approval


range of what many would - be license submitters have the time and resources to pursue. let us for argument ’ s sake accept that merely conforming to the open source definition is sufficient to call a license “ open source ”, regardless of official approval by the osi. by contrast with the bones irc bot, then, an irc bot called drollbot ( part of the larger droll project ) that i wrote from scratch to serve much the same purpose as bones actually is open source software, released under the terms of the open works license. the simple comparison of bones with drollbot serves to illustrate the difference between what really is open source software and what only pretends to be. the pretense, in this case, is an example of something many people call “ source - available software ”, where the source code is available but recipients are granted no clear legal permission to modify, redistribute, and even sell the software if they so desire — requirements of both the open source definition and the free software foundation ’ s definition of free software. there are many other concerns related to how we classify software and the licenses under which we distribute it, but many of them are secondary to the simple necessity of understanding what is or is not open source software at its most basic level. whether or not you consider a piece of software to qualify as “ open source software ” if the license under which it is distributed has not been officially approved by the osi, one thing is clear. that is the fact that before you go around telling people to download your “ open source software ”, you should give them assurances of the most basic requirement of open source software as differentiated from software that has merely been written in a language traditionally run by an interpreter rather than compiled to an executable binary : when you call something “ open source software ”, you must give all recipients a guarantee that they may modify and redistribute the software without fear of lawsuits for copyright violation. if you do not do that, by way of a license that conforms to the open source definition or by releasing the software into the public domain, what you give them is not open source software. period.


chinese culturalchinese culture chinese is spoken the most in all asian country, especially han people, which is the majority ethnic group in china. mandarin language is the official language in china nowadays, but in the ancient times people used to draw some symbolic mark instead of characters. writing is the most important component element in chinese language. “ there are roughly 70, 000 chinese characters and phonetic sounds. an average person has to know about 3, 000 characters to be able to read the newspaper. in secondary schools the number of characters taught is 5, 000. ” ( paulnoll 2012 ) hence, chinese language is generally considered a difficult language. chinese pay more attention to nutrition and healthy when they cooking food. wheaten food is essencial and normal in every meal. the most traditional and unique food in china is jiaozi, some people call it dumplings. chinese people like to cook dumplings to show their passion and hospitality to guests. “ dumplings are formed into the shape of the gold and silver ingots ( yuan bao ) that were used as money in ancient china ; they thus augur good fortune as well as good eating. ” ( hom 2002 ) in the ancient time of china, “ the three main types of traditional chinese clothing are the pien - fu, the ch ' ang - p ' ao, or long robe, and the shen - i. ” ( chinatownconnection 2012 ) nowadays, it is replaced by normal fashion clothes which come from western countries. however, some minority nationality in china keep wearing traditional clothes everyday. for example, miao group still wearing traditional clothes in normal day. most of chinese do not have religion, they have many freedom. some of them are buddhist because buddhist has the most richly history in china. many business man in china will ask fengshui of the land when they choosing location for their new company. chinese people believe that fengshui can decide and change people ' s luck. “ there is a very famous chinese saying that...