life. it is not an inherited form of polycystic kidney disease. symptoms of polycystic kidney disease - dull aching in loins. - vague abdominal pain. - frequent urination. - anaemia : moderate to severe. - blood pressure : raised. - on palpation abdomen - enlarged irregular kidneys. - large knobby renal masses. - enlarged polycystic liver ( 50 % cases ). - recurrent urinary tract infection. - renal calculi. - chronic renal failure. - control of blood pressure. - plenty of fluids. - low protein diet. - correction of anaemia ( due to haematuria ). - prevention & prompt treatment of infection. homeopathy treatment & homeopathic remedies for polycystic kidney disease homeopathy treats the person as a whole. it means that homeopathic treatment focuses on the patient as a person, as well as his pathological condition. the homeopathic medicines are selected after a full individualizing examination and case - analysis, which includes the medical history of the patient, physical and mental constitution etc. a miasmatic tendency ( predisposition / susceptibility ) is also often taken into account for the treatment of chronic conditions. the medicines given below indicate the therapeutic affinity but this is not a complete and definite guide to the treatment of this condition. the symptoms listed against each medicine may not be directly related to this disease because in homeopathy general symptoms and constitutional indications are also taken into account for selecting a remedy. to study any of the following remedies in more detail, please visit our materia medica section. none of these medicines should be taken without professional incipient stage of post scarlatinal nephritis, pain in loins, scanty urine without blood. apis is not so much a remedy for chronic bright ' s disease as for the acuter forms. there are oedematous swellings of the face and extremities, paleness, ascites, oedema pulmonum, pains in the head, back and limbs. albuminuria following scarlatina. it may be of use in any form of bright ' s disease when there are dull pains in the kidneys, scanty urine and frequent micturition. the urine is heavily charged with albumen and contains blood corpuscles. the oedema appears quickly, there is general dropsy and suppression of urine and perhaps an eruption of the skin like a nettle rash.


urine and frequent micturition. the urine is heavily charged with albumen and contains blood corpuscles. the oedema appears quickly, there is general dropsy and suppression of urine and perhaps an eruption of the skin like a nettle rash. the patient is drowsy, apathetic and has a bruised feeling all over. apis in such cases acts best in trituration ; do not depend on the tincture or dilutions. hepar is recommended by kafka in bright ' s disease following scarlatina. a valuable symptom for apis is the feeling of suffocation. he does not see how he is get another breath. palliative in dropsical conditions where the urine is scanty. also useful for coma & convulsions in the nephritis this remedy corresponds to all stages of bright ' s disease, bearing a closer resemblance than any other remedy. it comes in later in the disease where there is dropsy, pale skin, waxen appearance, watery diarrhea and great thirst. the urine is dark, casts are abundant, and it contains much albumen. there are attacks of dyspnoea when lying down in the evening and after midnight, relieved by an expectoration of mucus. it may come in immediately after aconite in many cases. " blood boils " make a special indication for this remedy. baehr, millard and hale question the usefulness of arsenicum in kidney affections. however, it seems a simile to the large white kidney ; in fact, one could hardly wish for a closer correspondence. hughes considers it a favorite with anxiety and sinking of vital forces will call for arsenicum. calcarea arsenica has been used in the anaemia, progressive emaciation and debility of this disease with success. morbus brightii from gout, suppurations or syphilis. interstitial nephritis in its incipiency with digestive and nervous phenomena, hypochondriasis, irritability and vertigo. simple albuminuria, here it seems to occupy a place midway between aconite and arsenicum. belladonna is of the greatest service in inflammation of the kidneys with piercing burning pains in the lumbar region, returning periodically with increased severity. this remedy pictures nephritis with cutting pains in the lumbar region ; the urine is passed in drops and is mixed with blood, with much urging. post scarlatinal


in the lumbar region, returning periodically with increased severity. this remedy pictures nephritis with cutting pains in the lumbar region ; the urine is passed in drops and is mixed with blood, with much urging. post scarlatinal and post diphtheric kidney diseases with dropsy may indicate cantharis. nephritis from heart disorders. it affords relief when there is extreme rapid & irregular action of the heart, and in general anasarca & ascites from mitral insufficiency. cuprum arsenicum is also useful in uraemic conditions and is praised highly by goodno. cuprum is a valuable remedy for this remedy has an irritant action on the kidneys. it is homoeopathic to granular degeneration. heart symptoms, feeble pulse, scanty, dark, turbid urine, faintness at the stomach, rheumatic pains will indicate it. it is especially useful when the circulation is weak. rheumatic pains, pulmonary catarrh with profuse expectoration are marked symptoms. glonoine has albuminous urine and will sometimes be found useful in acute and haemorrhagic nephritis. this remedy is said to be the most homoeopathic of all remedies in bright ' s disease. it has scanty, dark, albuminous urine containing casts. it excites a violent nephritis. this remedy corresponds to the large white kidney. there is an albuminous, scanty and red urine ; pale waxen color of the body ; there are lumbar pains, great dyspnoea and excessive strangury. it takes the first rank among all the mercurials for nephritis, and it comes in the later stages. syphilitic complication further indicate it. there is an expression of uneasiness on the face. dr. ludlam considers it our best remedy for the albuminous nephritis of pregnancy and baehr lauds it in suppurative nephritis. granular degenerations of the kidneys, with tendency to uraemic convulsion. dropsy, sallow face, emaciation, oedema about the ankles. it seems to corresponds to the contracted or cirrhotic form of nephritis, holding the same relation here that arsenic and mercury do in chronic nephritis. royal emphasizes this remedy saying that


, oedema about the ankles. it seems to corresponds to the contracted or cirrhotic form of nephritis, holding the same relation here that arsenic and mercury do in chronic nephritis. royal emphasizes this remedy saying that it arrested the progress in many cases and permanently cured not few for him. phosphorus produces as marked a nephritis as any drug. it is one of the most important remedies in bright ' s disease ; the characteristic symptoms are : lassitude of the whole body, hands and feet icy cold, sleepiness. the fatigue is greatest in the morning, and there is heat in the body without thirst, especially in the evening. the patient is indisposed to work, is giddy, forgetful and has a heavy headache, particularly in the forehead ; there is oedema of the upper eyelids, a mist before the eye, a yellowish fray complexion, a sickly oedema of the face, want of appetite, pressure and burning in the stomach, and a light colored painless diarrhea which is very weakening. it suits well fatty or waxy casts, is dark brown, scanty and albuminous, or covered with an iridescent film. pulmonary complications will call for phosphorus ; and inability to lie on the left side is a prominent symptom in these cases. vomiting and gastric symptoms are usually present. a small dose of phosphorus will act much safer and better in eclampsia than a large dose of one of our reliable and most frequently indicated remedies in the early stages of renal diseases when congestion is prominent, when there is much pain in the back of a dull character extending along the ureters. the great characteristic of dark smoky urine will be present. there is anasarca, and of course, the urine is bloody and albuminous. it is recommended in post scarlatinal renal affections. the prostration is not accompanied by the restlessness


each year, nearly 6, 000 motorists suffer serious eye injuries or even blindness because of improperly jump - starting a dead vehicle battery. learn how to safely jump - start a vehicle and what to do if battery acid gets in your eyes. review date : march 15, 2013 sight and hearing association just like drugs or alcohol, sleepiness slows reaction time, decreases awareness, and impairs judgment. learn how you can prevent falling asleep behind the wheel. review date : may 17, 2011 chesapeake region safety council as people age, there is an increased likelihood that they will experience changes in vision, memory, and other physical and cognitive characteristics that may challenge their ability to drive safely. review date : february 14, 2013 american occupational therapy association, inc. making decisions about your driving skills is hard, but it is important to find the safest option for you and the others who share the road with you. here are some helpful tips for safe driving. review date : march 06, 2012 nih national institute on aging wearing your seat belt protects you and your baby from injury or death in a car crash. you should wear a seat belt no matter where you sit in the car. review date : december 19, 2011 american academy of family physicians safety is a shared responsibility for all road users, including drivers and bicyclists. this document provides the rules of the road and tips to improve road safety for everyone. review date : february 24, 2013 pedestrian and bicycle information center learn to drive defensively to avoid the dangers caused by other people ' s bad driving. review date : february 13, 2013 the nemours foundation this document describes the important role sleep plays in maintaining good health and optimal work and school performance. tips are provided to help you avoid drowsy driving and to guide you toward a good night ' s sleep. review date : july 19, 2012 nih national heart, lung, and blood institute - nhlbi


august 10, 2009 - first black holes born starving - - return to press releases - - date issued : august 10, 2009 relevant web urls : menlo park, calif. — the first black holes in the universe had dramatic effects on their surroundings despite the fact that they were small and grew very slowly, according to recent supercomputer simulations carried out by astrophysicists marcelo alvarez and tom abel of the kavli institute for particle astrophysics and cosmology, jointly located at the department of energy ’ s slac national accelerator laboratory and stanford university, and john wise, formerly of kipac and now of nasa goddard space flight center. several popular theories posit that the first black holes gorged themselves on gas clouds and dust in the early universe, growing into the supersized black holes that lurk in the centers of galaxies today. however, the new results, published today in the astrophysical journal letters, point to a much more complex role for the first black holes. " i ' m thrilled that we now can do calculations that start to capture the most relevant physics, and we can show which ideas work and which don ' t, " said abel. " in the next decade, using calculations like this one, we will settle some of the most important issues related to the role of black holes in the universe. " to make their discovery, the researchers created the most detailed simulations to date of the first black holes in the universe that formed from the collapse of stars. the simulations started with data taken from observations of the cosmic background radiation — the earliest view of the structure of the universe. the researchers then applied the basic laws that govern the interaction of matter, allowing the early universe in their simulation to evolve as it did in reality. in the simulation, clouds of gas left over from the big bang slowly coalesced under the force of gravity, and eventually formed the first stars. these massive, hot stars burned bright for a short time, emitting so much energy in the form of starlight that they pushed nearby gas clouds far away. yet these stars could not sustain such a fiery existence for long, and they soon exhausted their internal fuel. this caused one of the stars in the simulation to collapse under its own weight, forming a black hole located in a pocket of emptiness. with very little matter in the near vicinity, this black hole was essentially " starved " of food on which to grow. " quasars [ extremely strong sources of radiation ] powered by black holes a billion times more massive than our sun


of emptiness. with very little matter in the near vicinity, this black hole was essentially " starved " of food on which to grow. " quasars [ extremely strong sources of radiation ] powered by black holes a billion times more massive than our sun have been observed in the early universe, and we have to explain how these behemoths could have grown so big so fast, ” said alvarez. " their origin remains among the most fundamental unanswered questions in astrophysics. " one explanation for the existence of supermassive black holes in the early universe postulates that the first black holes were " seeds " that grew into much larger black holes by gravitationally attracting and then swallowing matter. but in their simulation, alvarez, abel and wise found that such growth was negligible, with the black hole in the simulation growing by less than one percent of its original mass over the course of a hundred million years. although the simulations do not yet completely rule out the theory, this makes it less likely that these first black holes could have grown directly into the supermassive black holes observed to have existed less than a billion years later, alvarez said. an alternative theory although the early stars pushed away nearby clouds of gas, delaying significant growth of the black holes the stars later became, wisps of gas sometimes found their way to the black holes. as this matter was sucked into the black hole in the researchers ’ simulation, it accelerated and released enough x - ray radiation to heat gas as much as a hundred light years away to several thousand degrees. the additional heat from the x - rays caused the gas to expand away from the black hole, helping to keep the snack from turning into a feast. heating due to the x - rays was also enough to effectively prevent nearby gas from collapsing to form stars for tens and maybe even hundreds of millions of years. as a result, the researchers hypothesize, significantly larger than usual gas clouds may have had the opportunity to form without creating stars. such enormous gas clouds may have eventually collapsed under their own weight, creating a supermassive black hole. " while x - rays from matter falling onto the first black holes hindered their further growth, that very same radiation may have later cleared the way for direct formation of supermassive black holes by suppressing star formation, " said alvarez. " however, a lot of work remains to be done to test whether this idea will actually pan out ; this is really just the tip of the iceberg in terms of realistic simulations of black holes in


posts tagged : feeding one another we can all learn from the honey bees. worker bees - - sisters - - are like feeding machines. they not only feed each other, but feed the queen and their brothers, the drones. it ' s a marvelous sight to see, nectar being passed from one bee to another. honey bee expert norman gary, emeritus professor of entomology at the university of california, davis, and a beekeeper for more than six decades, says it well in his newly published book : honey bee hobbyist : the care and keeping of bees. gary points out that " efficient communication is the fabric of social behavior. it enables the thousands of bees in a colony to function almost as one organism - - sometimes referred to as a super - or supra - organism, in which individual bees are compared to the individual cells of an organism. " food sharing inside a hive, he writes, is " dynamic and continuous. " " a hungry bee says, in her own special way, can you spare some food? if the behavioral answer is yes, the donor bee spreads her mandibles and discharges a droplet of honey or nectar from her honey stomach onto her mouthparts. " the hungry bee, gary relates, " senses the food, extends her strawlike proboscis, and sucks up the food. " it ' s share and share alike. too bad the human race doesn ' t operate as a super organism. worker bees - - sisters - - sharing nectar at the harry h. laidlaw jr. honey bee research facility at the university of california, davis. ( photo by kathy keatley garvey )


most complete neanderthal skull the excavations at the la ferrassie rock shelter in the dordogne valley, france in the early 20th century produced the remains of an adult male and an adult female, providing scientists with the first evidence of sexual dimorphism in neanderthals. in addition, the remains of the child and infant individuals help scientists understand the growth rates of neanderthal children. a total of eight neanderthal individuals - - including adults, children, infants, and two fetuses - - were found intentionally buried at la ferrassie. one of the most important individuals found at la ferrassie is la ferrassie 1, the skeleton of an adult male. his skull, the largest and most complete neanderthal skull ever found ( in 1909 ), has many of the typical neanderthal traits such as the low, sloping forehead and large nasal opening. his teeth, which are all preserved, are heavily worn, indicating he was older at the time of his death. his front incisors show a slanted wear that does not occur from chewing ; one hypothesis to explain this odd wear on his teeth is that he habitually held something in place between his front teeth, such as a hide, that he then scraped with a tool. although this hypothesis has been debated, the use of the teeth as tools may represent a remarkable neanderthal behavioral adaptation. la ferrassie 1 is considered by many scientists to exhibit the ‘ classic ’ example of neanderthal anatomy. his leg and feet bones proved without a doubt that neanderthals walked upright and with a gait very similar to modern humans. this debunked the earlier reconstruction of the la chapelle - aux - saints neanderthal skeleton by french paleontologist pierre marcellin boulethat portrayed this species as stooped, brutish creatures.


bagworms have hatched in central illinois, so it will be time to treat for these insects in central illinois about june 10. this is 2 to 3 weeks earlier than normal. now is the proper time to treat in southern illinois, where the bagworms would have hatched a couple of weeks ago. bagworm eggs overwinter in the old female ’ s bag, which is close to 2 inches long and covered with dried foliage from the host. newly hatched bagworms emerge from the old bag and climb upward in the tree. then they spin out and hang at the bottom of silk threads that are typically 2 to 3 feet long. this swinging pendulum catches in the breeze, the top end breaks from the tree, and the young bagworm goes soaring through the air at the end of its buoyant silk strand. caught in updrafts, they may float for very long distances — trips of many miles are probably common. these newly hatched bagworms will continue to hatch and migrate for a couple of weeks. as such, they represent the only major method of dispersal for the species because the adult female is a wingless moth, unable to travel very far. treatment of attacked trees and shrubs before they have finished migration will be only partially effective because new bagworms blow in daily. typically, about 2 weeks after egg hatch, the bagworms quit migrating and settle down to feed on the foliage of arborvitae, spruce, pine, eastern red cedar, other junipers, and various deciduous trees and shrubs. particularly on the needled evergreen hosts, defoliation can result in the death of branches and entire plants. spraying with bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki ( dipel, thuricide ), cyfluthrin ( tempo ), trichlorfon ( dylox ), spinosad ( conserve ), and other insecticides is effective, particularly while the caterpillars are small. as the caterpillars and their respective bags get longer than 1 / 2 inch, they become very hard to kill, particularly by insecticides other than those listed above. remember that you have a choice. if you spray at egg hatch, you will probably have to spray again to control larvae that migrate into the sprayed trees. if you wait for about 2 weeks after egg hatch, one application should be all that is needed, and little damage will occur during that time.


why is mold growing in my home? molds are part of the natural environment. outdoors, molds play a part in nature by breaking down dead organic matter such as fallen leaves and dead trees, but indoors, mold growth should be avoided. molds reproduce by means of tiny spores ; the spores are invisible to the naked eye and float through outdoor and indoor air. mold may begin growing indoors when mold spores land on surfaces that are wet. there are many types of mold, and none of them will grow without water or moisture. read more about mold at www. epa. gov / mold - the key to mold control is moisture control. - if mold is a problem in your home, you should clean up the mold promptly and fix the water problem. - it is important to dry water - damaged areas and items within 24 - 48 hours to prevent mold growth. - indoor air quality - mold and moisture - la calidad del aire interior - iaq tools for schools - indoor airplus - secondhand smoke ( ets ) - iaq tribal partners program - iaq design tools for schools - indoor air pollutants - air cleaners - topic # : 23002 - 25101 - date created : 4 / 30 / 2008 - last modified since : 10 / 12 / 2010 - viewed : 9259


land surveying hand written plans in the stocks of the manuscript department of the russian state library the manuscript department of the russian state library is in possession of a unique collection embracing both archival materials and hand written books, music manuscript, maps. according to the make - up of the holdings of the department the cartographic materials are incorporated either into personal stocks or into the stocks of solitary additions, which hampers the search. hand written cartographic items in need of scholarly study, description and organization have been picked out of the unprocessed archival materials of the manuscript department. they are maps, plans, atlases, drawings, side views. the stock is stamped with subject variety since there are general geographic and topographical maps, maps and plans of universal land surveying, military maps, plans of towns and fortresses, hydrographic, historical, ethnographic maps there. they derive from the 18th century to the beginning of the 20th century. they can be held up as a marvelous aid in considering the history of the making of the russian cartography in detail. land surveying proprietary plans take a pride of place among the given cartographic materials. the plans took in separate villages, cottages, waste ground. they were made chiefly on the scale of 100 sagenes in an inch ( 1 : 8400 ) and the generalized plans were drawn on the scale of 200 sagenes in an inch ( 1 : 16800 ). the plans were of interest in terms of their content, appearance, location of the elements of the design. arable land, meadows, kitchen - gardens, rivers, roads, settlements were depicted there, the surnames of the land surveyors and in some cases the poll number of the peasants were entered. the plans were drawn in indian ink and painted in water - colours, they were compiled between 1769 and 1910. plans created at an earlier date were adorned with figured frame, unrolled scrolls, there were compass roses on them. work on the scientific study and organization of the stock of the land surveying plans of the bobrinski - sokovnins is in its infancy and it requires continuation. it is interesting for cartographers, land surveyors, historians. hese documents are invaluable for the reconstruction of the history of the land - tenure in


posted by admin | posted in interactive whiteboard, knowledge ( remember ), primary elementary, science, secondary elementary, teacher resources, understand ( describe, explain ), websites | posted on 02 - 04 - 2012 what it is : the office of naval research has a great interactive site filled with science and technology exploration for students. on the site, students can explore oceanography, space, and blow the ballast. each section of the site has sub categories that let students narrow down their focus. the majority of the site is purely informational with accompanying images and short quizzes. my favorite portion of the site is the seasonal constellations. it really is the star of the site ( no pun intended ). the constellation interactive focuses on the constellations that can be viewed during each season. when students click on a season, they will see the constellations and options to show / hide the pictures, lines and names of the stars. the explanation of constellations and the seasonal impact on what students will see in the night sky is fantastic. in the teacher ’ s corner, you will find great animations for each topic ( space, oceanography, and submarines ). these are fantastic visualizations of complex concepts made simple for students. please leave a comment and share how you are using science and technology office of naval research in your classroom!


joan houghton, ed. d. hearing is the second primary distance sense that is responsible for how learners gather information about events occurring in their environments. this module is an introduction to learners who are deaf or hard of hearing. it is divided into six sections including the ( 1 ) federal and state definitions of learners who are hard of hearing, deaf, or functionally deaf, ( 2 ) the auditory system, ( 3 ) common types of hearing losses and / or deafness, ( 4 ) common causes and conditions of hearing losses and / or deafness, ( 5 ) medical, educational and functional screenings and assessments, and ( 6 ) environmental adaptations and modifications for learners who are deaf or hard of hearing. each section of this module contains brief descriptions about a particular focus area for learners who are deaf or hard of hearing. factors that impact auditory input understanding the nature of hearing losses and deafness has many implications for learners, their family members, and their educators. the impact hearing loss has on a learner becomes more evident especially when team members collaborate in planning for the learners ' individualized education program ( i. e. iep ). the more information that team members have about the nature of the learner ' s hearing loss, how the learner ' s hearing is assessed both educationally and medically, and how to use the assessment results will better equip team members in determining the necessary adaptations, modifications, and accommodations the learner needs in his home, school, work, or in the community. additional considerations that impact auditory input hearing losses vary in their degree and severity. learners may be identified as " deaf " or identified as " hard of hearing. " if learners are identified as " totally deaf, " it usually means they have such a significant hearing loss in both ears, the use of their residual ( i. e. remaining ) hearing is so limited that learners are unable to obtain clear auditory input of environmental sounds and conversational speech even with correction ( e. g., hearing aids, cochlear implants, etc. ). if learners are identified as " hard of hearing, " it usually means their residual hearing is less severe. learners who are hard of hearing more than likely have the ability to obtain additional input from their environments and conversational speech with correction. the causes and types of the hearing losses and the age of onset of the hearing losses will provide further information about how often the learner ' s hearing should be tested, what type ( if any ) hearing devices should be used, and what environmental adaptations


the causes and types of the hearing losses and the age of onset of the hearing losses will provide further information about how often the learner ' s hearing should be tested, what type ( if any ) hearing devices should be used, and what environmental adaptations, modifications, and accommodations are needed for learners to hear more clearly in their immediate environments. learners with hearing losses and additional disabilities learners with multiple disabilities ( e. g., physical involvement, health care conditions, and / or cognitive difficulties ) often have a hearing loss or are deaf. these conditions impact the learner ' s ability to use his or her residual hearing. for example, a learner with charge syndrome ( refer to module one introduction to learners with deafblindness ) most likely will have difficulty with hearing due to the shape and function of the outer, middle, and inner ear. a learner with health care needs often will have fluctuating hearing losses due to multiple middle ear infections, medications, medical treatment, or syndromes. the learner who has a hearing loss may have difficulty in processing environmental and speech sounds that limits her understanding about ( a ) what is being communicated to her through expressive speech, and ( b ) what is occurring in her environment ( e. g., traffic sounds, tv news, or musical instruments ). mental retardation is not the cause of hard of hearing or deafness what is most important about learners who are hard of hearing, deaf, and / or who have multiple disabilities is that mental retardation is not the cause of the learners ' hearing losses. unbelievably, there are persons who believe that hearing losses are caused by mental retardation. this is particularly the case for students with additional disabilities. the physicians and audiologists who believe that mental retardation causes hearing loss typically do not recommend hearing devices ( e. g., hearing aids, cochlear implants, etc. ) because they do not believe it would make any difference in the learner ' s abilities to receive and act on auditory input. therefore, it is essential that the learner ' s family members and educators locate an audiologist and / or physician who : ( 1 ) understands how to test learners with hearing losses, ( 2 ) provides information about the different types of hearing aids or assistive listening devices, and ( 3 ) has knowledge of modifications, adaptations, and accommodations for the learner ' s specific auditory needs including those students with additional disabilities. national, state, and local resources for hard of hearing and deafness


aids or assistive listening devices, and ( 3 ) has knowledge of modifications, adaptations, and accommodations for the learner ' s specific auditory needs including those students with additional disabilities. national, state, and local resources for hard of hearing and deafness there are many national, state, and local resources for learners who are hard of hearing or deaf and their family members, such as : any of the above organizations are good resources to locate medical and educational professionals who can provide both medical and functional vision and hearing assessments. additionally, these resources will provide family members and educators with information, such as how to adapt the environment, determine if some learners need to be restricted from sports involving water activities ( e. g., learners with tubes in their ears ), and suggest referrals to assistive technology centers that will assist learners to perform activities at home, school, and work. ( refer to module xxx assistive technology for learners who are deafblind. ) key elements of module 3 : learners who are hard of hearing and / or deaf the key elements of this module are the : 1 ) federal and state definitions of deaf and / or hard of hearing ; 2 ) structure and function of the auditory system ; 3 ) common types and severity of hearing loss ; 4 ) common causes and conditions of hearing losses and / or deafness ; 5 ) common types of clinical and functional hearing assessments ; and, 6 ) environmental assessments, and adaptations, modifications, and accommodations for learners who are deaf or hard of hearing. the above key elements correspond with the idoe division of professional standards ( idps ) instructional proficiencies and objectives from the competencies for teachers of learners who are deafblind that were developed by members from the perkins national deafblind training project published in 1997. ( refer to the below listed idps instructional proficiencies and objectives 28 through 32 from the competencies for teachers of learners who are deafblind. ) while it is encouraged that you complete all of the tasks for completion in this module, persons who would just like to have a basic understanding of learners who are deaf or hard of hearing only need to read or look through the resources included in this module. individuals who are planning on teaching others about learners with deafness or hearing loss or who may want to receive cru ' s or points for their professional development plans need to complete all of the tasks and activities included in this module. idps instructional proficiencies and national deafblind competencies for teachers of learners who are deafblind of this module, learners who are


civility is at the very heart of civilization. those two words, along with other words such as “ city ” and “ citizen, ” come from the latin “ civitas, ” which means a body of citizens bound by common laws and rules. in other words, civilized people agree to be nice to each other. think of how both you and the cashier usually say “ thank you ” when you buy your morning coffee, even if you ’ re complete strangers. getting along in modern life would be impossible without at least passable manners. which brings us to today ’ s regulation of the day. la toba, spain ’ s mayor, julian altienza garcia recently issued a 65 - plank courtesy charter making it illegal to commit tactless acts in public from burping to slurping soup. to this writer ’ s knowledge, la torba does not have a reputation as a bastion of barbarity. the charter even contains a mandate of sorts – children are required to spend some time with their grandparents on a regular basis. it is not known how spain ’ s supreme court would rule if they were to decide on the grandparent mandate ’ s legality. some of the other offenses include : - touching your genitals - yawning without covering your mouth - coughing without covering your mouth - talking with your mouth full none of these breaches of decorum are punishable beyond a dirty look and a wag of the finger. people convicted of other minor offenses will, however, be able to have their fines waived if they take etiquette courses. mayor garcia defends his courtesy charter, saying “ it is a compendium of basic rules of politeness that are being lost and should not be forgotten. ” he ’ s right that manners are important. they shouldn ’ t be forgotten. and it certainly is useful to have a written etiquette primer. in fact, many already exist. you can look here, here, here, and here, for starters. but even if mayor garcia ’ s job description is as broad as he believes it to be, his constituents would be better served if he turned his attention to more pressing matters than other peoples ’ boogers.


goh keng swee comments on article : infopediatalk goh keng swee ( dr ) ( b. 6 october 1918, malacca, malaysia – d. 14 may 2010, singapore ) has often been called the " economic architect " of singapore, contributing greatly in shaping the development of singapore into a prosperous nation as minister for finance and minister of defence. he held several other key appointments, including deputy prime minister, minister of education, and chairman of the monetary authority of singapore ( mas ) and various government - led companies. born into a middle - income peranakan family in malacca, he came to singapore when he was two years old. his early education was at anglo - chinese school ( 1927 – 1936 ) and later at raffles college ( 1936 – 1939 ). armed with a diploma in arts, he entered the colonial civil service in 1939, but his career was interrupted by the japanese occupation. he rejoined the civil service in 1946 and his outstanding performance earned him a scholarship to study statistics at the london school of economics ( lse ) in 1947. during his stay in london, he started the malayan forum, an anti - colonial political group, with some fellow students including lee kuan yew and toh chin chye. goh became its first chairman. in 1951, he graduated from lse with a first class honours in economics and won the william farr prize. he resumed work in the civil service back in singapore, but later returned to lse for further studies in 1954 and obtained his doctor of philosophy degree in 1956. after the japanese occupation, goh joined the social welfare department, where he attained the position of director in 1958. during his time in the colonial civil service, he formed the council for joint action together with k. m. byrne to seek equal pay for asian civil servants. in 1959, he resigned from the civil service and contested the general elections as a people ' s action party ( pap ) candidate. he won the kreta ayer seat and represented the constituency in the legislative assembly and later the parliament of singapore until his retirement from politics in 1984. he led various ministries during critical periods in singapore ' s history, introducing bold measures to tackle issues in the economy and in the areas of defence and education. appointed minister for finance in 1959, he introduced an industrialisation programme with the aim of creating jobs for singaporeans. jurong, a swampy wasteland at the time, was transformed into singapore ' s first industrial estate. to jumpstart the area ’ s


finance in 1959, he introduced an industrialisation programme with the aim of creating jobs for singaporeans. jurong, a swampy wasteland at the time, was transformed into singapore ' s first industrial estate. to jumpstart the area ’ s development, he offered incentives and drew in foreign investments. he also initiated the setting up of the economic development board ( edb ), which was established in august 1961 with the purpose of furthering the economic development of singapore by attracting foreign investments. when singapore attained independence on 9 august 1965, he became the first defence minister and saw an urgent need for a strong defence force. to quickly build up the singapore armed forces, he implemented compulsory national service for all male singaporeans above 18 years old. during his term as minister of education, the importance of curriculum development in the education system prompted him to set up the curriculum development institute. to arrest the high dropout rates, he introduced streaming in 1980 to allow students to learn at their own pace within their own capabilities. he also introduced religious education but this was later dropped from the school curriculum. when he was appointed chairman of mas and the board of commissioner of currency in 1980, he took measures to promote singapore as an international financial centre. to this end, in 1984, amendments were made to three major financial regulations, namely the banking act, the monetary authority of singapore act and the finance companies act. during the 1985 recession, he acted swiftly to stop the downward slide of the singapore dollar. in the early years of china ’ s economic reform programme, the chinese central government sought his expertise and appointed him as its economic adviser on coastal development and tourism in 1985. he was the first foreigner to be appointed to such a role. in 1985, the singapore government awarded him the prestigious order of temasek ( first class ) for his contributions in the nation ’ s development. to honour him, the financial community set up the goh keng swee scholarship fund in 1992, while the national university of singapore established the goh keng swee professorship and master ' s scholarship in economics in 1996. to preserve his legacy, goh ’ s wife phua swee liang set up the goh keng swee foundation in 2008 to help the disadvantaged. may 1959 – sep 1963 : vice - chairman of pap. 30 may 1959 – 3 dec 1984 : legislative assemblyman and later member of parliament for kreta ayer. 5 jun 1959 – 8 aug 1965 : minister for finance. 9 aug 1965 – 23 sep 1965 : minister of defence and


pap. 30 may 1959 – 3 dec 1984 : legislative assemblyman and later member of parliament for kreta ayer. 5 jun 1959 – 8 aug 1965 : minister for finance. 9 aug 1965 – 23 sep 1965 : minister of defence and security. 24 sep 1965 – 16 aug 1967 : minister of the interior and defence. 17 aug 1967 – 10 aug 1970 : minister for finance. 11 aug 1970 – 11 feb 1979 : minister of defence. 1 mar 1973 – 31 may 1980 : deputy prime minister. 12 feb 1979 – 31 may 1980 : minister of education. 1 jun 1980 – dec 1984 : first deputy prime minister and chairman of mas. 1 jun 1981 – dec 1984 : minister of education. 1981 – 1994 : deputy chairman, government of singapore investment corporation. 1983 – 1992 : chairman, board of governors, institute of east asian philosophies ( later renamed institute of east asian political economy or ieape ). dec 1984 : retired from politics. 1985 – 1992 : deputy chairman, mas. 1988 – 1994 : chairman, singapore totalisator board. 1991 : director, gateway technologies services pte ltd. 1992 – 1995 : executive chairman and chairman of board of governors, ieape. chairman, east asian consultancy ( s ) pte ltd. 1994 : chairman, n. m. rothschild & sons ( s ) ltd. 1995 : vice - chairman, hong leong asia ltd. 1996 – 1997 : deputy chairman, ieape. 1966 : honorary fellow of lse. 1972 : ramon magsaysay award for government services. 1972 : order of sikatuna, philippines. 1985 : order of temasek ( first class ), singapore. 1991 : first distinguished fellow, edb society, singapore. 1992 : honorary member of the singapore international monetary exchange. 1993 : honorary doctor of letters degree from the university of hong kong. father : goh leng inn. mother : tan swee eng. wife : alice woon ( married in 1942 but separated in 1986 ) ; phua swee liang ( married in 1991 ). children : one son, kian chee. grandchildren : two grandsons, ken - yi and shaoyi. great grandchildren : three great grandsons, ethan, sean christian and julien. retirement and death goh was diagnosed with bladder cancer in september 1983 and he retired from politics in december 1984. he kept a low profile but remained active with various organisations where he served on the board or as an adviser. after he married phua in 1991, the couple travelled widely to places such as


in september 1983 and he retired from politics in december 1984. he kept a low profile but remained active with various organisations where he served on the board or as an adviser. after he married phua in 1991, the couple travelled widely to places such as australia and hawaii. however, a series of strokes in the late 1990s and early 2000s took a heavy toll on him. he was bedridden in his final years and passed away on 14 may 2010. jenny tien & valerie chew chew, m. ( 1996 ). leaders of singapore ( pp. 141 – 150 ). singapore : resource press. ( call no. : rsing 920. 05957 che ) chia, p. ( 1973, march 21 ). pay rise for cabinet. the straits times, p. 1. retrieved may 17, 2010, from newspapersg database. devan, j. ( 2010, may 15 ). remembering goh keng swee. the straits times. retrieved may 17, 2010, from factiva database. financial community sets up $ 4m goh keng swee scholarship fund [ microfilm : nl17803 ]. ( 1992, november 28 ). the straits times, p. 44. former deputy pm goh keng swee dies. ( 2010, may 14 ). channel newsasia. retrieved may 14, 2010, from http : / / www. channelnewsasia. com / stories / singaporelocalnews / view / 1056516 / 1 /. html government gazette ( gn no. 1362 – appointment of legislative assemblymen ). ( 1959, june 2 ). singapore : government printing office. ( call no. : rclos 959. 57 sgg ) government gazette ( gn ( ns ) no. 59 – ministerial appointments ). ( 1959, june 6 ). singapore : government printing office. ( call no. : rclos 959. 57 sgg ) government gazette ( gn no. 535 – ministerial appointments, p. 672 ). ( 1979, february 16 ). singapore : singapore national printers. ( call no. : rsing 959. 57 sgg ) government gazette ( gn no. 4270 – dissolution of parliament, p. 7613 ). ( 1984, december 4 ). singapore : singapore national printers. ( call no. : rsing 959. 57 sgg ) kwang, m. ( 1993, march 5 ). hk varsity confers honorary doctorates on dr goh, 3


, december 4 ). singapore : singapore national printers. ( call no. : rsing 959. 57 sgg ) kwang, m. ( 1993, march 5 ). hk varsity confers honorary doctorates on dr goh, 3 others. the straits times. retrieved on february 24, 2011, from newspapersg.. lam, p. e., & tan, y. l. k. ( eds. ). ( 1999 ). lee ' s lieutenants : singapore ' s old guard. ( pp. 24 – 69 ). australia : allen & unwin. ( call no. : rsing 320. 95957 lee ) loh, c. k. ( 2008, november 27 ). ex - dpm ’ s wife reaches out. today. retrieved may 17, 2010, from factiva database. loh, c. k. ( 2010, may 17 ). life with goh keng swee, his wife shares memories. today. retrieved may 17, 2010, from factiva database. low, k. t. ( ed. ). ( 2006 ). who ' s who in singapore 2006 ( pp. 157 – 158 ). singapore : who ' s who publishing. ( call no. : rsing 920. 05957 who ) ministry of culture. ( 1977 ). biographical notes of the president, prime minister and ministers. singapore : publicity division, ministry of culture. ( call no. : rclos 328. 59570922 bio ) nur dianah suhaimi. ( 2010, may 16 ). his work was his passion. the straits times. retrieved may 17, 2010, from factiva database. shoeb kagda. ( 1992, may 20 ). mr fix - it, the architect of s ' pore ' s economic success [ microfilm : nl17641 ]. the business times, singapore, p. 9 simex honours dr goh with honorary membership. ( 1992, september 20 ). the straits times. retrieved on february 24, 2011, from newspapersg.. singapore chronicles : a special commemorative history of singapore ( p. 36 ). ( 1995 ). hong kong : illustrated magazine. ( call no. : rsing 959. 57 sin ) singapore : the first ten years of independence, 1965 to 1975. ( 2007 ). singapore : national library board ; national archives of singapore. ( call no. : rsing 959. 5705 sin - [ his ] ) tan, s


) singapore : the first ten years of independence, 1965 to 1975. ( 2007 ). singapore : national library board ; national archives of singapore. ( call no. : rsing 959. 5705 sin - [ his ] ) tan, s. s. ( 2007 ). goh keng swee : a portrait. singapore : editions didier millet. ( call no. : rsing 959. 5704092 tan - [ his ] ) ooi, kee beng. ( 2010 ). in lieu of ideology : the intellectual biography of goh keng swee. singapore : institute of southeast asian studies. ( call no. : rsing 959. 570509 ooi ) goodbye : goh keng swee, 1918 - 2010. petir : organ of the people ` s action party. ( special issue may / june 2010 ). singapore : people ' s action party. ( call no. : rsing 329. 95957 p ) in memory of dr goh keng swee : architect of singapore ' s of singapore ' s economic, defence and education policies. ( july - september 2010 ). bemuse. pp. 92 - 103. singapore : education and outreach division of the national heritage board. ( call no. : rsing 950 b ) playing a key role. ( 2010, may 15 ). the straits times. retrieved may 17, 2010, from factiva database. pwee, t., & saparudin, k. ( 2010, may 14 ). nls resource guides : goh keng swee. retrieved may 17, 2010, from http : / / libguides. nl. sg / gohkengswee state funeral on may 23. ( 2010, may 15 ). the straits times. retrieved may 17, 2010, from factiva database. 10 years that shaped a nation ( pp. 34, 58 – 76 ). ( 2008 ). singapore : national archives of singapore. ( call no. : rsing 959. 5705 ten - [ his ] ) list of images singapore : an illustrated history, 1941 - 1984 ( pp. 208 – 209, 317 – 319 ). ( 1984 ). singapore : information division, ministry of culture. ( call no. : rsing 959. 57 sin - [ his ] ) the information in this article is valid as at 2010 and correct as far as we can ascertain from our sources. it is not intended to be an exhaust


during the 1870s to the 1920s, the affluent vanderbilt family commissioned the very best and most expensive architectural and interior design firms to build a seriess of townhouses in new york and mansions in the east coast. most of the vanderbilt houses, because of their unequalled historic beauty and breathtaking magnificence, are now designated as national historic landmarks. the architects of the vanderbilt homes include richard morris hunt, charles b. atwood, george b. post, addison mizner, warren and wetmore, mckim, mead and white, carrere and hastings, and horrace trumbauer. the wealthy american - anglo vanderbilt family had dutch roots. they were probably the most affluent of families during the 1800s when cornelius vanderbilt founded shipping and railroad empires. cornelius vanderbilt is regarded as the tenth wealthiest person in history. | his descendants spent unbelievable sums of money on the construction of lavish homes while he himself preferred more modest frederick william vanderbilt commissioned mckim, mead and white to build hyde park in new york in 1896. hyde park is now known as the vanderbilt mansion national historic site. frederick william also built the rough point mansion in newport. william kissam vanderbilt had architect richard morris hunt design three homes for him. they are his townhouse at fifth avenue, new york ; the idle hour mansion in oakdale, long island, new york ; and the marble house in newport, rhode island. in 1910, william kissam ii hired warren and wetmore to build eagleis nest in centerport, new york. george washington vanderbilt ii again commissioned richard morris hunt to build bitmore in asheville, north carolina. it is the largest residence in the entire united states. also designed by hunt is cornelius vanderbilt iiis breakers mansion in newport, rhode island. he has another house in new york which was built by george b. post. florence vanderbilt, wife of hamilton twombly, looked to mckim, mead and white to build florham in covent station, new jersey. florham now serves as the administration building of farleigh dickinson university. emily thorn vanderbilt, william douglas sloans wife, was responsible for the construction of the elm court in lenox, massachusetts. in all of america, it is the largest residential example of shingle - style architecture. in 1919, the elm court talks were held at elm court. these talks led to the founding of the league of nations and to the conception of the treaty of versailles. the vanderbilts were the leaders of the elite society, but during the mid 1900s, the familyis high


she was called “ tiny, ” weighing only three pounds when she was born in 1893, the seventh and last child of a poor farm family in granville county, north carolina. georgia ann thompson was married at 12, a mother at 13, and a school dropout. after her husband was killed in an accident, she had to work 14 - hour days in a cotton mill to support her daughter verla. she seemed destined for a life of grinding, relentless poverty. but when she saw “ the broadwicks and their famous french aeronauts ” at the 1907 north carolina state fair, something happened to georgia ann thompson. she just had to become one of those daring people. they ascended to the sky in hot - air balloons, then thrilled spectators by jumping out of the basket and floating to earth with the aid of parachutes. little georgia asked show owner charles broadwick if she could travel with the group and become a part of the act. broadwick was impressed by her good looks and spirit. he could see that pretty little girl, who stood all of four feet tall, would be a big hit. he agreed to hire her. georgia ’ s mother let her go, but only if she ’ d leave the daughter at home in north carolina and send back a portion of her salary to help. off to a life of adventure so georgia ann thompson escaped the tobacco fields and cotton mills and set off for a new life and an honored place in the history of aviation. broadwick trained her in the art of parachute jumping, and she became the sweetheart of carnival crowds all across the land. broadwick also got her father ’ s consent to legally adopt georgia, because it was unseemly for a young girl to be traveling the country with an older man. her name became tiny broadwick. they called her the doll girl at the carnivals. she dressed in ruffled bloomers with pink bows on her arms, ribbons in her long curly hair, and a little bonnet on her head. but tiny was anything but a demure princess. she was an utterly fearless daredevil, drawing large crowds wherever she went. her first jump was in 1908. newspaper stories described her as the most daring female aeronaut ever seen, chronicling the dangerous maneuvers she executed with apparently little or no fear. from balloons to airplanes the broadwicks traveled all over the country with their balloon act. but by 1912, that kind of performance was losing popularity. times were changing, and heavier - than - air machines were rapidly getting better and better


no fear. from balloons to airplanes the broadwicks traveled all over the country with their balloon act. but by 1912, that kind of performance was losing popularity. times were changing, and heavier - than - air machines were rapidly getting better and better after the wright brothers ’ pioneering work in the previous decade. fortunately, a new opportunity arose for tiny. out in los angeles for the dominguez air show, she met up with famed pilot glenn martin. he had seen her jump from a balloon, and he asked if she ’ d try parachuting from his airplane instead. like charles broadwick, glenn martin saw how tiny would attract spectators for his airplane shows. tiny immediately agreed to work for martin, whose aircraft company is still with us today as martin marietta. charles broadwick developed a parachute for her. it was made of silk and was packed into a knapsack attached to a canvas jacket with harness straps. a string was fastened to the plane ’ s fuselage and woven through the parachute ’ s canvas covering. when the wearer jumped from the plane, the cover tore away and the parachute filled with air. on her first jump, tiny was suspended from a trap seat behind the wing and outside the cockpit, with the parachute on a shelf above her. martin took the plane up to two thousand feet, and then tiny released a lever alongside the seat, allowing it to drop out from under her. she floated to earth and landed in griffith park in los angeles, making her the first woman to parachute from an airplane. after that first jump from martin ’ s plane, tiny was in great demand all over the country. she also became the first woman to parachute into a body of water. the army comes calling in 1914, representatives of the army air corps visited her in san diego and asked her to demonstrate a jump from a military plane. war was already raging in europe. many pilots of the corps had already perished, and more would surely follow if nothing was done to help them. tiny made four jumps at san diego ’ s north island that day. the first three went smoothly, but on the fourth jump, her parachute ’ s line became tangled in the tail assembly of the plane. the wind whipped and flipped her small body back and forth, and she could not get back into the plane. but tiny broadwick did not panic. instead, she cut all but a short length of the line and plummeted away toward the ground. then she pulled the line by hand, freeing the parachute to open by itself. thus she


the plane. but tiny broadwick did not panic. instead, she cut all but a short length of the line and plummeted away toward the ground. then she pulled the line by hand, freeing the parachute to open by itself. thus she demonstrated what would be known as the rip cord. her quick thinking and cool under pressure made tiny broadwick the first person ever to make a planned free - fall descent. that accident she survived in mid - air demonstrated that someone who had to leave an airplane in flight did not need a line attached to the aircraft to open a parachute. a pilot could safely bail out of a damaged craft. the parachute became known as the life preserver of the air. during world war i, tiny served as an advisor to the army air corps. tiny broadwick made more than 1, 000 jumps from airplanes, enduring and surviving several harrowing mishaps. once she ended up on top of the caboose of a train that was just leaving a station ; she got tangled up in the vanes of a windmill and in high - tension wires. she suffered numerous injuries along the way – broken bones, sprained ankles, wrenched back. but she loved her work. her last jump was in 1922. chronic problems with her ankles forced her into retirement. she eventually went to work on an assembly line in a tire factory. later on, she worked as a companion - housekeeper for elderly people. during world war ii, tiny broadwick visited military bases and talked to pilots and air crews. she ’ d bring along one or more of her primitive parachutes and convinced the lads that if she could survive a jump, so could they. the parachute she used for her first military demonstration jump is now in the smithsonian institution in washington. tiny spent most of her life in california. in 1955, she appeared on an episode of “ you bet your life ” with groucho marx. she never remarried, but daughter verla gave her six grandchildren. tiny also lived to see 15 great - grandchildren and several more great - great - grandchildren. she died in 1978, at age 85. she was buried in henderson, north carolina, the town where she first lived with verla and worked those long days in the cotton mill. north carolina prides itself as the state that ’ s “ first in flight. ” thanks in part to its daughter georgia “ tiny ” broadwick, the little girl with the big dream and the courage to pursue it, north carolina might also claim title as the state that was first from


ocean contamination in the wake of japan ' s 3. 11 disaster by miguel quintana radioactive particles released after the accident at the fukushima daiichi nuclear power plant continue to spread along the seashore and rivers of eastern japan, creating underwater hotspots as far as tokyo bay, according to recent scientific studies. but the full magnitude and impact of the contamination, already considered the largest case of unintended1 marine pollution by radionuclides in history, has yet to be established. experts have pointed out four main routes of ocean contamination, namely the initial atmospheric fallout, direct releases from the plant, rivers draining particles that fell over land, and groundwater. only the first two categories have been quantified so far. initial assessments of fallout at sea estimates regarding the total amount of cesium - 137 ( half - life of 30 years ) released into the ocean remain subject to debate. france ’ s radioprotection and nuclear safety institute ( irsn ) estimated in october that direct releases into the sea totaled 27 petabecquerels ( pbq ) 2 between mar. 21 and mid - july, representing “ the largest release of artificial radionuclides in the marine environment ever observed. ” the same month, the norwegian institute for air research said that total releases from the plant amounted to 36 pbq, 80 percent of which were deposited in the water. fukushima daiichi by the sea prof. yoshimura kei, from the university of tokyo ' s atmosphere and ocean research institute, conducted a simulation of atmospheric releases based on government information. according to his model, of the 16. 5 pbq of cesium released in march, some 0. 3 pbq fell over land, 2. 7 pbq over the ocean in the region, with the rest going further away. " such calculations are further complicated by the regular influx of cesium that fell over land before draining back into the ocean via contaminated rivers. one survey of abukumagawa river, which runs through fukushima prefecture and into neighboring miyagi, uncovered an average flow of 50 billion becquerels of cesium per day in late august. 3 when contacted last december, a spokesman for the japanese ministry of science and technology - which oversees many of the studies conducted by academic institutions - said the river was not subject to regular monitoring. project leader onda yuichi, from tsukuba university ' s graduate school of life and environmental sciences, said in late february that his team had continued taking


of the studies conducted by academic institutions - said the river was not subject to regular monitoring. project leader onda yuichi, from tsukuba university ' s graduate school of life and environmental sciences, said in late february that his team had continued taking measurements " once every other week, and sometimes once a month. " onda said he could not comment on the general evolution of cesium levels since august because the results were " still being processed. " an official report on the situation there is to be delivered to the government on march 8th and presented at a press conference on march 13th. early monitoring activities at sea depended on samples collected by tokyo electric power co. ( tepco ) near the plant and surveys sponsored by the japanese ministry of science and technology at eight stations some 30 kilometers offshore. analysis of this initial data was featured in an article entitled impact of the fukushima nuclear power plants on marine radioactivity, published in december in the journal environmental science and technology. 4 according to ken buesseler from the woods hole oceanographic institution and two co - authors, ocean discharges of cesium peaked in early april. higher - than - expected concentrations in may pointed towards a “ steady, albeit lower ” release at least through the end of july. the authors, who took measurements in the sea off fukushima, say fukushima “ has become the largest accidental source of radionuclides to the ocean, ” surpassing the impact of chernobyl on the baltic and black seas in 1986. but their assessment “ does not consider bioaccumulation and consumption of seafood and seaweeds and possible impacts on humans, ” prompting them to call for “ continued monitoring and bans on fishing in fukushima impacted waters. ” buessler aboard ship. he previously studied the chernobyl radiation. “ levels of several isotopes, such as cesium - 134 and cesium - 137 are more than 1, 000 times higher concentrations than existed prior to the accident, ” says buesseler. “ at these levels, cesium is not directly harmful to humans or marine biota, or to humans via seafood consumption. however, the fukushima site continues to leak these isotopes at levels that are of concern – about 1, 000 to 10, 000 times higher offshore than [ before the accident ] – and there is no sign that this is significantly decreasing. ” tracking the spread of radioactive cesium in november, researchers from the tokyo university of marine science and technology conducted the first – and so far


times higher offshore than [ before the accident ] – and there is no sign that this is significantly decreasing. ” tracking the spread of radioactive cesium in november, researchers from the tokyo university of marine science and technology conducted the first – and so far only – scientific survey inside the 20 - km exclusion zone with the cooperation of local fishermen. their mission was featured in an investigative documentary aired in january by national broadcaster nhk, entitled unknown radioactive contamination : an urgent report from the ocean. the team led by professors ishimaru takashi and kanda jota collected mud samples from the seabed near the entrance to the nuclear plant ' s dock. they collected water, plankton, fish, squid, ocean floor mud, and air samples. according to the nhk documentary, they detected as much as 4, 220 becquerels of radioactive cesium per kilogram ( bq / kg ), while more than half of the 30 spots surveyed inside the perimeter topped 500 bq / kg ( publication of these figures is still pending ). the tumsat team preparing to collect samples aboard the umitaka maru during a survey mission outside the exclusion zone in july 2011 ( miguel quintana ) specimens of fish showed levels of cesium comparable with values found in the mud, indicating that contamination is progressing through the food chain. the highest figure so far, 4, 500 bq / kg in a specimen of japanese flounder, was recorded by fukushima authorities near the port of iwaki in november. other surveys indicate that contamination is spreading southward along the coasts of ibaraki and chiba prefectures, where fishing is still allowed because no specimen containing more than 500 bq / kg of cesium – the provisional regulatory value for fish – has been caught so far. okano masaharu, a local researcher featured in the nhk documentary, uncovered several hotspots of cesium in the seabed ranging between 300 bq / kg 30 kilometers south of fukushima daiichi to 380 bq / kg off the coast of ibaraki prefecture, 120 km away. one location off chiba prefecture ( 180 km to the south ), showed levels trebling from 38 bq / kg to 112 bq / kg between october and december. “ there is no doubt that cesium is spreading, ” says prof. kanda from the tokyo university of marine science and technology, “ but the important factor is the actual level of radioactivity in [ fish ] meat. ” according to him,


is no doubt that cesium is spreading, ” says prof. kanda from the tokyo university of marine science and technology, “ but the important factor is the actual level of radioactivity in [ fish ] meat. ” according to him, even chronic consumption of the most contaminated specimen caught so far – at 4, 500 bq / kg – would translate into a “ statistically insignificant ” health risk for consumers. kanda says that the government ’ s plan to revise the regulatory threshold for cesium in fish to 100 bq / kg starting in april could be problematic because ordinary fish already contain some 100 bq / kg of potassium - 40, a radioactive isotope naturally present in seawater. environmental protection organization greenpeace, which has been carrying out its own monitoring of fish and seafood in ibaraki and other prefectures, stands by the principle of " optimisation in radiation protection " and disagrees with the idea that the risk of contaminated food is statistically acceptable. " exposure easily removable from the market should be removed, " says jan vande putte, a radiation expert dispatched on a temporary mission from europe. " food should be safe for everyone, including pregnant women or the fraction of the population that is highly sensitive to radiation. " on the natural presence of potassium - 40 in fish meat, he says that the isotope can be easily filtered out using gamma spectrometry and should not impact measurements of cesium - 137 and 134. waterborne contamination near tokyo a similar phenomenon was observed in tokyo bay, where cesium carried by rain drained into the edogawa and arakawa rivers. surveys conducted by associate professor koibuchi yukio from the university of tokyo ' s water environment science and technology laboratory showed that as much as 872 bq / kg had collected in the river bed at the mouth of the edogawa river. several hotspots were detected along the river, including 1, 623 bq / kg some 8 km upstream due to sedimentation caused by the convergence of saltwater from the bay. koibuchi blames the accumulation on the pollution of the river ’ s basin, particularly the area around the city of kashiwa ( chiba prefecture. ), some 30 km northeast of tokyo. “ once the cesium flows into tokyo bay, fishermen won ' t be able to sell their catch due to consumer concerns, ” says koibuchi. “ all the efforts made to restore the bay ' s ecosystem over the past 50 years, which included improving the sewage


##um flows into tokyo bay, fishermen won ' t be able to sell their catch due to consumer concerns, ” says koibuchi. “ all the efforts made to restore the bay ' s ecosystem over the past 50 years, which included improving the sewage system and quality of the water, could be lost. ” according to a simulation carried out by a team from kyoto university, also presented in the nhk documentary, cesium will continue accumulating and spreading across tokyo bay at a speed of 5 km per year, peaking in two years. experts say the particles are likely to remain for over a decade because of the enclosed characteristics of tokyo bay. in the meantime, some japanese researchers say they are frustrated by what they call the government ’ s piecemeal approach towards ocean contamination. “ the government is neglecting us, ” says one established expert. " the authorities ' commitment to a ' scientific approach ' without commissioning a nationwide effort was just a way of shifting responsibility for data gathering and analysis on the researchers. what the public needs is a comprehensive survey backed by the government – and with appropriate funding. ” these comments echo a similar plea for comprehensive marine monitoring by professor matsuyama masaji, president of tokyo university of marine science and technology, in an opinion paper published last may in nuclear intelligence weekly. - miguel quintana miguel quintana is a freelance journalist and translator based in tokyo. he is a regular contributor to nuclear intelligence weekly ( washington dc ) and correspondent for le soir ( belgium ). he was aboard the umitaka maru as an observer on the tumsat survey mission in july 2011. this is an expanded version of an article published in the march 2, 2012 edition of nuclear intelligence weekly. recommended citation : miguel quintana, ' ocean contamination in the wake of japan ' s 3. 11 disaster, ' the asia - pacific journal, vol 10, issue 11, no 8, march 12, 2012. see the complete list of apj resources on the 3. 11 earthquake, tsunami and nuclear power meltdown, and the state and societal responses to it here. 1 nuclear tests are believed to have released more radioactive particles into the ocean. 2 1 pbq = 1x1015 bq 3 for some perspective, a constant flow at this level would translate annually into 18. 25 terabecquerels of cesium - an order of magnitude 1, 000 times below estimates for total fallout at sea. 4 available here.


the pacific sea cucumbers ( stichopus holothurioidea species and other family members ) of the revered chinese cooks since ancient days. in particular, the sea cucumber dishes for special occasions, mainly in new year ’ s eve celebrations. an old confucian recipe, loosely translated the eight immortals crossing the sea and made of sea cucumber, shark fins, and five species of fish and shellfish, is one of the classic banquet dishes. the sea cucumber is assessed as well as other delicacies such as shark fins is ginseng, cordyceps, tremella, and disease preventive and longevity tonic. this was the agent of medical in the bencao congxin ( new compilation of materia medica ) of the wu yiluo 1757. the popular chinese name for sea cucumber is haishen, which means, roughly, ginseng of the sea. often known in the medical literature fangcishen ( fang = four - sided, ci = spiky, referring to the spiky protrusions that emanate four sides ), or in abbreviated form, fangshen. the asian demand for sea cucumber is so high that it gathered in the united states and other countries ( eg australia, the philippines ) that passend will be quoted. the atlantic sea cucumber, cucumaria frondosa, collected primarily in the food, but recent studies from medical, side through the efforts of the coast of maine organic resources, led by peter collin. kiszerelesebol and use of sea cucumber to prepare the sea cucumber gather after the internal organs removed and washed the dirt and sand in the cavity. then boiled in salted water and dried in the air to preserve. when ready to take the food, the hard, dried sea cucumber softened. the process is quite lengthy, so that the food tends to appear in the special dinners and parties rather than the day - to - day kitchen. to soften the dried sea cucumber in the instructions : place the sea cucumbers in a bowl and add cold water to cover, at least 12 hours per week, and cook over low heat for 1 - 2 hours, add more water if necessary that the water is always covered with the cucumber, remove from heat and cool to room temperature, then drain. a nutritional point of view of the sea cucumber is ideal for a refreshing meal. the higher protein ( 55 % )


necessary that the water is always covered with the cucumber, remove from heat and cool to room temperature, then drain. a nutritional point of view of the sea cucumber is ideal for a refreshing meal. the higher protein ( 55 % ) than most other foods other than protein ( 99 % ) and 10 - 16 % materials used for cartilage mucopolysaccharides. sea cucumber less fat than most other foods. sea cucumber as a food supplement in modern medical terms, a valuable source of sea cucumbers of different materials can serve as natural health products, and drugs may be developed. as the sea cucumber food is a very small segment of the population outside east asia, most people have no access to its beneficial components. thus, the desired sea cucumber extract and simply consume formats, such as capsules ( hard and soft gelatin ) and pills. sea cucumbers, cartilage provides a rich source of mucopolysaccharides point body, mainly chondroitin sulfate, which is known for its ability to reduce arthritis pain, particularly osteoarthritis only 3 grams per day of dried sea cucumber is also useful for significantly reducing arthralgia. measure is similar to chondroitin sulfate, glucosamine, chondroitin is the main building blocks. chondroitin blocks, which left the chemical layout shows a building block that can be repeated several times, this is really a glucose molecule ( left potion ) and glucosamine molecule ( right panel ), which has been sulfated ( o3s, above ). this block is illustrated on the right side in a three - dimensional representation. long - chain sulfated polysaccharides such as chondroitin can inhibit the virus, there is a japanese patent sea cucumber chondroitin sulfate for hiv therapy based on this operation, and other sulfated polysaccharides in the seaweed has a patented anti - herpes viruses. chondroitin can be obtained in commercial quantities of bovine trachea or shark cartilage ( including sharks ), while glucosamine sulfate from shrimp and crab shells. these compounds are also found in deer antler, which is not practical because of the rarity and resource extraction costs, but it is likely that glucosamine and chondroitin is a key supporter of the healing of deer antlers. russian, japanese and chinese studies


deer antler, which is not practical because of the rarity and resource extraction costs, but it is likely that glucosamine and chondroitin is a key supporter of the healing of deer antlers. russian, japanese and chinese studies indicate that sea cucumbers also saponins ( triterpene glycosides ) files. these compounds are similar to the structure of the active ingredient of ginseng, ganoderma, and other famous tonic herbs. pharmacological studies show inflammatory and anti - cancer properties of sea cucumber saponins. one of the sea cucumber saponins, representatives of the structures normally found in these organisms. in addition, the sea cucumber oil contains two inflammatory fractions. a fraction of these fatty acids are characteristic of the fish, it can be used as a substitute for fish oil reduces inflammation by - products of fat metabolism and feed the brain and heart. the main components of the interest in fish oils epa ( eicosapentaenoic acid is found in the sea cucumber, and dha ( docosahaenoic acid ), which is unique to the fish : stereochemical representations of epa ( left ) and dha ( right ). the double bond locations are different, resulting in further deflection of the structures the second fraction a mixture of branched - chain fatty acids, mainly 12 - mta ( methyltetradecanoic acid ). this compound, and the more widely studied variant, 13 - mta, the 5 - lox inhibitors ( lypoxygenase ) enzyme system. 5 - lox inhibitors are one of the most important areas of modern drug development, the plans for the use of compounds in the treatment of asthma, ulcerative colitis, and arthritis. in addition, the cancer - inhibitory effect was observed in preliminary studies in prostate cancer cell lines and other human cancer cells these fatty acids are thought to be produced by bacteria that live in the sea cucumbers, they are also produced by bacteria in other marine organisms such as sponge and tunicates. for example, branched fatty acids found in marine organisms. the key fob is a simple carbohydrate. these long chains can interact with cell membranes illustrated in a chinese medical book and photographed stichopus chloronotus, often as ” green fish ” ( top row ) thelenota and pineapple, as often ” pineapple sea cucumber ” ( bottom row ). source from : sea cucum


as the funeral train carrying the casket of franklin delano roosevelt pulled into washington ’ s union station, a reporter for a local paper approached one mourner and asked, “ why are you here? did you know the president? ” the man raised his moist eyes and muttered, “ no, but he knew me. ” the truth of this infamous story may never be proven, yet the fact that it seems to crystallize is undeniable : the 32nd president of the united states stands unrivaled in the public support and personal sympathy he elicited from the american people. as his wife eleanor remarked, “ i never realized the true scope of the devotion to him until he died. ” yet franklin delano roosevelt ’ s roots could not have contrasted more with those of the common men who mourned on the day of his death. the only son of an abundantly affluent family, franklin enjoyed all the luxuries afforded the upper crust of american society, as well as the intangible benefits – the power and political connections – that such a pedigree confers. thus, franklin was a president of paradoxes – elite yet common, capable yet crippled, gregarious yet guarded ; he was “ a traitor to his class ” according to the title of one biography, “ the lion and the fox ” according to another. as a result, to understand the psychology of roosevelt, it is essential to first explicate the many contradictions that defined his personal and political lives. for while these inconsistencies each seem to fall into that wide gap separating private existence from public image, they nevertheless represent the defining factors of roosevelt ’ s personality, character, and psyche. for the purpose of my analysis, i will examine the full history of roosevelt – from fortunate son to fickle family man, from callow lawyer to poised president – in order to illuminate the specific psychological motivations that defined his life. moreover, i will graft roosevelt ’ s biography onto the theoretical framework formulated by stanley a. renshon, illuminating the specific ways in which roosevelt ’ s psychology may be more starkly revealed through renshon ’ s conceptual model of leadership psychology. through this exercise, i aim to explain both the what and why of roosevelt ’ s actions, ultimately revealing the who, the obscured psychological profile, that exists beneath the man so many have missed and memorialized since his funeral car first pulled into union station. the opening paragraphs of ‘ fdr : president of paradoxes ’ — an essay i


“... the water was not merely transparent, but dazzlingly, brilliantly so. ” - a description of lake tahoe by mark twain, roughing it ( 1871 ) the focus of the league to save lake tahoe is water quality and clarity in lake tahoe. the clarity of lake tahoe was first made famous by mark twain in the 1880s. tragically, the pristine clarity of lake tahoe as experienced by early visitors is no more. scientific measurements of water clarity started in 1968. at that point, one could see a white disk submerged to a depth of 100 feet. today, clarity has dropped to around 70 feet. that means tahoe is losing about one foot of clarity per year. why is tahoe losing clarity? recent water quality research has shed more light on the causes of the decline in lake clarity. lake tahoe is experiencing a phenomenon known as cultural eutrophication — excessive algal growth due to excessive nutrient levels. nitrogen and phosphorus from automobile emissions and urban and forested areas act like fertilizer to accelerate algal growth. aside from the negative impacts of nitrogen and phosphorus, scientists have identified fine sediments as the primary source of lake clarity loss. fine sediments are tiny, ground up particles — much smaller than the width of a human hair. these fine sediments enter the lake from roadways and urban areas. rather than falling to the bottom of the lake, fine sediments remain suspended in the water column, making the near shore areas appear murky and brown. the consensus among scientists is that we need to drastically reduce the amount of pollution entering the lake to stop or reverse lake tahoe ’ s clarity loss. “ charting a course to clarity " is a concise, readable document that addresses which pollutants are causing lake tahoe to lose clarity, how much pollution is entering lake tahoe, how much pollution the lake can absorb and still restore clarity, and the options for reducing pollution. for 50 years the league has been an advocate for strong measures to protect the lake. we support solutions such as developing an effective public transportation system, restoring natural wetlands and streams, implementing strong erosion control measures, and regulating the rate of development. in addition, we work to educate residents and visitors about opportunities to take action and help restore the environment.


aids stands for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, a disease that makes it difficult for the body to fight off infectious diseases. the human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) causes aids by infecting and damaging part of the body ' s defenses against infection, namely the white blood cells known as cd4 helper lymphocytes ( pronounced : lim - fuh - sites ). how does someone become infected? hiv can be spread through any type of unprotected sex ( oral, vaginal, or anal ) if one of the partners has the virus. this can happen when body fluids such as semen ( cum ), vaginal fluids, or blood from an infected person get into the body of someone who is not infected. someone can become infected even if only tiny amounts of these fluids are spread. everyone who has unprotected sex with an infected person is at risk of contracting hiv, but people who already have another sexually transmitted disease ( std ) are even more at risk. hiv can be spread sexually from a guy to a girl, a girl to a guy, a guy to a guy, and a girl to a girl. sharing needles to inject drugs or steroids is another way that hiv can be passed to other people. sharing of needles for tattoos, piercings, and body art can also lead to infection. someone with hiv who shares a needle also shares the virus, which lives in the tiny amounts of blood attached to the needle. sharing needles also can pass hepatitis and other serious infections to another person. also, newborn babies are at risk of getting the hiv virus from their mothers if they ' re infected. this can happen before the baby is born, during birth, or through breastfeeding. pregnant teens and women should be tested for hiv because infected women who receive treatment for hiv are much less likely to spread the virus to their babies. babies born to mothers infected with hiv are also given special medicines to try to prevent hiv infection. the best way to protect yourself from hiv is to abstain from oral, vaginal, and anal sex and to not share needles. if you do have sex, using latex condoms properly every time can help protect you. condoms work by providing a barrier to the body fluids that can be shared during sexual activity ( including oral sex ). always follow the directions exactly and never use the same condom twice. if you have had unprotected sex ( sex without a condom ) or have shared needles with someone else, you should be tested for hiv


overwhelmed by classwork? scared because your parents are splitting up? worried about a friend? feel like you don ' t fit in? sometimes it ' s just not possible to sort through tough times alone. problems can build up and you may lose sleep, find you can ' t concentrate on homework, or even become depressed. when you need to talk to someone, your school counselor ( sometimes called a guidance counselor ) can be a great place to start. counselors help you cope school counselors know how to listen and help. they ' ll take your problem seriously and work with you to find a good solution. school counselors are trained to help with everything — and it doesn ' t have to be just school stuff. a counselor can help you deal with the sadness when someone has died as well as advise you on taking the right classes to get into your dream college. it takes a lot of training to be a school counselor. most not only have college degrees but also master ' s degrees, as well as special training and certification in counseling. one of the many good things about school counselors is that they are up - to - date on all the top things that affect students, including any trends that might affect your school. school counselors can give you all sorts of tips and support on solving problems and making good decisions. chances are that whatever problem you have, your counselor has seen it before — and has lots of good advice on how to help you work through it. counselors can give you tips on standing up for yourself if you ' re being bullied, managing stress, talking to your parents, and dealing with anger and other difficult moods. counselors also can advise you on problems you may have with a teacher, such as communication difficulties or questions over grades. school counselors are plugged in to the rest of the school community and, in many cases, the outside community as well. so they can refer students to outside resources like substance abuse treatment centers, professional therapists, and even health clinics. it can help to know the different types of support your counselor offers — even if you don ' t think you need it now. some schools and school districts use their websites to explain what the counselor does and how to get a counseling appointment. you may find their services listed under headings like " student resources, " " student services, " or " student counseling. " your school ' s website may also explain the roles of other school staff members who can help students with problems or school issues. depending on the size of your school


ok just to make an appointment because you ' re feeling bad or not doing as well in school as you ' d like. it ' s the school counselor ' s job to help people figure out what ' s going on. in fact, it ' s often better to see your counselor as soon as you know something ' s up, even if you don ' t know what the trouble is. chances are you ' ll be able to solve a problem faster when you have the skill and resources of the counselor behind you. how often you meet with your counselor depends on the issue. some concerns are dealt with in a one - time meeting. others require regular meetings for a while. it all depends on the topic at hand and the plan that you and your counselor decide on. counselors also sometimes meet students in groups. group meetings can really help people who are dealing with similar issues, such as a divorce. in these group settings, people can share their feelings and learn coping skills. not only do you get great ideas in a group setting, but it can also help to know that other students are going through the same thing and that they understand. counselors often come into the classroom, too, to teach a class on a subject that affects everyone, such as good study skills. sometimes the counselor might meet with you and a teacher or you and a parent — especially if the teacher or your parent has asked for the meeting. when you meet privately with a school counselor, your conversation will most likely be confidential. the counselor isn ' t going to go blabbing your business around school. different schools have different policies, though. so talk directly with your counselor about what he or she considers confidential. in very rare cases, a counselor is unable to keep information confidential. a counselor who thinks that someone is at risk of being harmed is required by law to share that information. even in these rare cases, the counselor will share that information only with the people who need to know. people sometimes worry that other students will think they ' re seeing the counselor because they have major problems or they ' re in trouble. but in most schools the counselor deals with lots of school issues — as well as personal ones. so you could be meeting to get career counseling or advice on which classes to take for college. your friends and classmates don ' t need to know why you ' re seeing the counselor unless you choose to tell them. your school counselor is someone who is separate from your life — a neutral adult who isn ' t a parent, relative, or teacher.


friends and classmates don ' t need to know why you ' re seeing the counselor unless you choose to tell them. your school counselor is someone who is separate from your life — a neutral adult who isn ' t a parent, relative, or teacher. your school counselor isn ' t a therapist. ( so if you see your counselor, it ' s not the same as getting therapy. ) if you need help in some way that the school counselor can ' t provide, he or she can give you information about other resources, such as the name of a therapist. no matter what your problem, try to think of the counselor as someone who ' s on your side. even if you ' ve had a bad experience in the past with another counselor or a private therapist, don ' t hesitate to contact your school counselor — or talk to the counseling office about seeing someone else if you don ' t click with your current counselor. every counselor is different, and most understand that it ' s natural for people to be more comfortable with some individuals than others. don ' t be surprised if your parents know your school counselor. they may even be in touch with each other. sometimes counselors offer workshops for parents, with or without their kids, about topics such as study skills or preventing drug abuse. it ' s good for the counselor and your parents to know each other when everything is going ok. that way, if any problems come up — like if you ' re being bullied or there ' s a death in the family and you have to be out of school — they ' ll be able to work together comfortably. if you ' re seeing your counselor and your parents don ' t know about it, don ' t worry that the counselor will talk to them about your meetings. unless you ' ve given the counselor the feeling that you may harm yourself or others, what ' s said in your meetings will stay just between you and the counselor. school counselors are all about helping to make your school experience the best it can be. the role of the school counselor today is very different from what it was like when your parents were in school. instead of just focusing on schoolwork and careers, today ' s counselors are there for students in a broader way. they help students handle almost any problem that might get in the way of learning, guide students to productive futures, and try to create a positive environment for everyone at school. so if you need a counselor ' s advice, just ask!


burgers. bacon. cheese fries. what do they have in common ( besides being some people ' s idea of delicious )? they ' re all high in cholesterol. cholesterol, a waxy substance produced by the liver and found in certain foods, is needed to make vitamin d and some hormones, build cell walls, and create bile salts that help you digest fat. actually, your liver produces about 1, 000 milligrams of cholesterol a day, enough cholesterol so that if you never touched another cheese fry, you ' d be ok. but it ' s hard to avoid cholesterol entirely because so many foods contain it. too much cholesterol in the body can lead to serious problems like heart disease. many factors can contribute to high cholesterol, but the good news is there are things you can do to control them. lipids are fats that are found throughout the body. cholesterol, a type of lipid, is found in foods from animal sources. this means that eggs, meats, and whole - fat dairy products ( including milk, cheese, and ice cream ) are loaded with cholesterol — and vegetables, fruits, and grains contain none. the liver produces about 1, 000 milligrams of cholesterol a day, and you probably consume about 150 to 250 milligrams in the foods you eat. because cholesterol can ' t travel alone through the bloodstream, it has to combine with certain proteins. these proteins act like trucks, picking up the cholesterol and transporting it to different parts of the body. when this happens, the cholesterol and protein form a lipoprotein together. the two most important types of lipoproteins are high - density lipoproteins ( or hdl ) and low - density lipoproteins ( or ldl ). you ' ve probably heard people call ldl cholesterol " bad cholesterol " and hdl cholesterol " good cholesterol " because of their very different effects on the body. most cholesterol is ldl cholesterol, and this is the kind that ' s most likely to clog the blood vessels, keeping blood from flowing through the body the way it should. on the other hand, hdl cholesterol removes cholesterol from the blood vessels and carries it back to the liver, where it can be processed and sent out of the body. when you have too much choles


the way it should. on the other hand, hdl cholesterol removes cholesterol from the blood vessels and carries it back to the liver, where it can be processed and sent out of the body. when you have too much cholesterol, it can be dangerous to your health. when ldl cholesterol levels are high, cholesterol is deposited on the walls of arteries and forms a hard substance called plaque. over time, plaque causes the arteries to become narrower, decreasing blood flow and causing a condition called atherosclerosis ( pronounced : ah - thuh - ro - skluh - ro - sis ), or hardening of the arteries. when atherosclerosis affects the coronary arteries ( the blood vessels that supply the muscles of the heart ), the condition is called coronary artery disease, which puts a person at risk for having a heart attack. when atherosclerosis affects the blood vessels that supply the brain, the condition is called cerebral vascular disease, which puts a person at risk of having a stroke. atherosclerosis may also block blood flow to other vital organs, including the kidneys and intestines. this is why it ' s so important to start paying attention to cholesterol levels as a teen — you can delay or prevent serious health problems in the future. what causes high ldl cholesterol levels? some of the factors that can lead to high cholesterol are : overweight — excess weight has been linked with high cholesterol levels. heredity — if cholesterol problems or heart disease run in your family, you are at a higher risk for having problems. diet — remember the saying " you are what you eat "? avoid foods that are high in cholesterol, saturated fat, and trans fat, all of which increase cholesterol levels and your risk of developing heart disease. age — the risk of high cholesterol increases as you get older. physical activity tends to increase hdl levels, which reduces your chance of developing heart disease. some people who have high cholesterol levels need to be on medication as part of their treatment to lower it. although most teens won ' t need to take medication to lower their cholesterol, it ' s still important to keep cholesterol in check because plaques can start to form during the teen years. to see if you have high cholesterol, talk to your doctor, who can test your cholesterol levels by drawing a sample of your blood.


important to keep cholesterol in check because plaques can start to form during the teen years. to see if you have high cholesterol, talk to your doctor, who can test your cholesterol levels by drawing a sample of your blood. you can ' t change your genes but there are things you can do now to decrease your risk for heart disease later. the american heart association recommends that cholesterol intake should be less than 300 milligrams a day, total fat intake should be 30 % or less of your total calories, saturated fat should be 10 % or less of the total daily calories, and trans fats should be less than 1 % of the total calories you consume. also, maintain a healthy weight and get moving. regular aerobic exercise — stuff like biking, walking, and swimming — strengthens your heart, lowers cholesterol, and helps you to lose excess weight. for people who smoke, quitting can help decrease the risk of heart disease. eat a diet that contains many low - cholesterol foods : fruits, veggies, whole grains ( like breads and cereals ), legumes ( beans ), and fish. eat a diet that is low in saturated and trans fat. replace saturated and trans fats with unsaturated fats. use liquid vegetable oil or trans fat - free margarine instead of butter, shortening, or stick margarine. stay away from products that contain hydrogenated vegetable oils. if you eat meat, try using lean meats and skinless poultry. make sure you trim off all noticeable fat before cooking and drain the fat from the pan after browning meats. instead of frying, try boiling, broiling, baking, roasting, poaching, steaming, or sauteing. instead of whole milk, use low - fat or nonfat milk, which contains all the nutrients without all the fat. choose other low - fat or nonfat dairy products including yogurt, cheese, and cottage cheese. you can also substitute low - fat buttermilk or yogurt in recipes that call for cream cheese or sour cream. use trans - fat - free margarine. instead of meat, use different sources of protein including fish, beans, peas, nuts, and tofu or other soy products. instead of eggs, try just egg whites or cholesterol - free commercial egg substitutes. pass on commercially prepared baked goods, which are often made with hydrogenated oils or trans fats.