acne is a disorder resulting from the action of hormones and other substances on the skin ' s oil glands, sebaceous glands and hair follicles. propionibacterium acnes ( p. acnes ) are the anaerobic bacterium that causes acne. severe acne can lead to permanent scarring and emotional distress. fortunately, several treatment options are available. chemical peels as well as microdermabrasion, combined with blue light therapy, may provide significant benefits. infrared energy and photofacials can be combined to allow controlled heating of sub - epidermal layers of the skin. photodynamic therapy ( pdt ) is another area that holds promise. it involves administering a topical photosensitizing agent and then subjecting the area to a blue light. doing so causes the release of free oxygen radicals, which can destroy the organism propionibacterium acnes. some methods involve high intensity blue light without the photosensitizing agent. with proper treatment, the procedure will lead to collagen remodeling, proliferation of active fibroblasts and treating over - acting sebaceous glands that result inthe reduction of acne and the improvement in acne scarring. for a more dramatic improvement, laser skin resurfacing may be recommended. lasers are the newest and best methods proven effective nowadays for the treatment of acne and acne scarring. the wound - healing process produces fibroblasts that generate new collagen, plumping the skin and correcting skin imperfections.


the ellenville downtown historic district in the village of ellenville in the town of wawarsing, ulster county, new york contains visible geographical and architectural elements that represent its origins as a commercial and industrial crossroads during ulster county ’ s early 19th century development. associated with events that reflect a broad pattern of state and national history such as the early westward expansion and settlement, the economic development that followed major transportation improvements ( the delaware and hudson canal ), the growth and diversification of commercial centers and the role of the summer resort economy in areas outside major american urban centers, the ellenville downtown historic district developed around a nucleus that was already present in 1858. the district also encompasses the physical evidence of growth and development - from early jewish settlement in the region to the heyday of the “ borscht belt ” resort area following the second world war. ellenville, located in the valley between the shawangunk and catskill mountains, did not develop until after the revolutionary war, as clashes between native american indians and early european settlers ’ limited development in the region. it was the construction of the d & h canal, began in 1823, that spurred further transportation improvements and fostered significant settlement within the village - - - it is to this period that the earliest of the district ’ s buildings date. read the full file on ellenville downtown historic district. to see more photographs of national register properties go to our photostream on flickr. see our weekly list ( with previous highlights )


identification, selection and testing of " lingering ash " in emerald ash borer long term monitoring plots in michigan and ohio initial reports after the outbreak of emerald ash borer ( agrilus planipennis, eab ) indicated that there was no resistance to this insect in the detroit area, where ashes were popular street trees. urban trees are usually only a few horticultural selections of the species and are thus a limited representation of the species ’ genetics. as the beetle spread away from urban areas into more genetically diverse native stands and woodlots, plots were established to monitor the impact of eab in these areas. during this yearly inventory, we have identified a small number of trees that have persisted. lingering ash may be truly resistant ( able to prevent an eab infestation and thrive at a more natural, non - epidemic level of eab ) or only tolerant ( able to survive low level infestation, but not truly resistant ). even if these trees ultimately succumb to eab, the traits that helped them survive longer may be helpful in breeding ash trees that could resist eab. forest service researchers and their ohio state university collaborators are working quickly to preserve and study these “ lingering ash ” through grafting. grafting allows both preservation and replication for study. bioassays are being utilized to determine if lingering ash are resistant to eab and what mechanisms may be operating that allow them to survive. we are working to propagate lingering ash for testing ; establish field test ; utilize existing bioassays ; develop additional bioassays ; investigate molecular and biochemical genetics and mechanisms of resistance ; and initiate a breeding program koch, jennifer l. ; mason, mary e. ; carey, david w. ; knight, kathleen s. ; poland, therese ; herms, daniel a. in press. survey for tolerance to emerald ash borer within north american ash species. in proceedings, symposium on ash in north america ; 2010 march 9 - 11 ; west lafayette, in. mason, mary e. ; herms, daniel a. ; carey, david w. ; knight, kathleen s. ; faridi, nurul i. ; koch, jennifer l. in press. update on exotic ash collection for hybrid breeding and survey for eab - resistance in native north american ash species. in : gottschalk, kurt w., ed. proceedings, 21st u. s. department of agriculture interagency research forum on gypsy moth and other invasive species, 2010. ; gen. tech. rep. nrs newtown square


on march 4, 1996, about 1633 alaska standard time, a wheel equipped cessna 172, n739yr, was ditched following a loss of engine power, about 12 miles north of ketchikan, alaska. the airplane was being operated as a visual flight rules ( vfr ) local area instructional flight when the accident occurred. the airplane, operated by the first pilot, sustained substantial damage. the first pilot, a certificated airline transport pilot and flight instructor, was not injured. the second pilot, a noncertificated student, received minor injuries. visual meteorological conditions prevailed. the flight originated at the ketchikan airport about 1550. use your browsers ' back ' function to return to synopsisreturn to query page in a telephone conversation on march 5, 1996, the first pilot reported to the national transportation safety board ( ntsb ) investigator - in - charge ( iic ) that he was occupying the right front seat and was providing a demonstration of departure stalls to the second pilot who was occupying the left front seat. at the conclusion of the third stall, the first pilot added power about 1, 800 feet mean sea level ( msl ). the engine did not respond and emergency procedures only restored partial power. the first pilot indicated that he applied carburetor heat during the demonstration of stalls. the airplane continued to descend and the pilot declared an emergency " mayday " over the airplane radio. the pilot selected an emergency landing area near the shore of betton island but noticed that the beach area contained large rocks. the pilot then intentionally ditched the airplane about 30 yards from the shore. after touchdown in the water, both pilots swam to shore and the airplane sank. a nearby float equipped airplane responded to the emergency call and picked up the two pilots. after the airplane was recovered from the water, an engine examination was conducted on june 6, 1996, in ketchikan. the examination was supervised by a federal aviation administration ( faa ) airworthiness inspector from the juneau flight standards district office ( fsdo ). the engine had been partially preserved after retrieval from the salt water. gear and valve train continuity was established and thumb compression was evident when the engine was rotated by hand. the magnetos were internally damaged by corrosion. the vacuum pump drive was sheared. the engine oil filter was free of contaminants. fuel and water was found in the carburetor fuel line. the carburetor inlet screen was free of contaminants. the throttle and


many chemicals used to kill pests – insects and rodents – can also be harmful to people. according to the national safety council, 75 percent of homes in the united states use at least one pesticide product indoors every year. whenever possible use non - chemical methods for pest control. basic housekeeping and maintenance can help prevent pests. prevent pests and report problems safe pest removal harmful products handling tips helpful links about pesticides products and services chemical constituents of pesticides prevent pests and report problems don ’ t leave food sitting out on counters or shelves. store groceries in sealed containers or the refrigerator. regularly sweep floors to remove crumbs, and wash stove tops to get rid of food and grease drippings. eliminate sources of water and moisture. pests need water to survive. clean up spills quickly and completely. repair drips or leaks, and remove sources of standing water. prevent pests from entering. seal cracks and crevices with caulk. plug wall holes with wire mesh, and use spackle or sealant that hardens. install a door sweep or weatherstripping to block the space between the floor and the door. store trash properly. keep garbage off the floor in a sealed trash container. regularly wash containers used for garbage and recycling, as well as the area around them. check for bugs when buying or renting used products, while traveling, or before you think you may have problem. it ’ s much easier to get rid of a few pests before you have an infestation. use a flashlight and magnifying glass to look for bed bugs around the areas where you sleep or sit. visit the nyc department of health and mental hygiene ' s bedbugs website to learn more about bed bug identification and prevention. report a rodent problem by calling 311 or using the rodent complaint form on the nyc department of health and mental hygiene website. safe pest removal if you see a rat or bed bug in your home or building, contact your landlord, management company, or an exterminator immediately. the exterminator should be reputable ( a bad exterminator can actually make the problem worse ). visit the nyc department of health and mental hygiene ' s bedbugs website to learn more about bed bug removal. use less - or non - toxic pest control products, such as cockroach baits, gels, snaps, or boxes. avoid foggers, bombs, and sprays. when emptying or throwing away a trap, pick it up with a


less - or non - toxic pest control products, such as cockroach baits, gels, snaps, or boxes. avoid foggers, bombs, and sprays. when emptying or throwing away a trap, pick it up with a broom and dust pan — not your hands. use only the amount of product directed, under the conditions specified, and for the purpose listed. pay particular attention to directions on adequate ventilation and personal protection, and avoid physical contact with pesticide products. never use products called “ tres pasitos ” or “ roach chalk. ” they are dangerous pesticides from other countries that are sold illegally in the u. s. don ’ t buy or use “ tempo. ” it is not intended for use in homes by residents. keep children and pets away from areas where pesticide is being used or stored. place mattresses and box springs in a plastic bag prior to disposal or recycling, in compliance with sanitation regulations. bring all unwanted pesticides to any of the upcoming nyc department of sanitation safe disposal events. alternatively, double - bag unwanted pesticides and empty pesticide containers, and place them in the trash. do not throw them down a trash chute, or reuse or recycle empty pesticide containers. back to top | back to tips at home | back to shopping tips tips for your home basement / storage | bedroom | car | kitchen | living room | yard tips while shopping appliances | dry cleaner | hardware | grocery store | deli tips in apartment buildings tips for home improvements


experts say lifestyle changes, coupled with a reduction in heart disease risks, will go a long way toward preventing pre - diabetes from progressing to the full - blown disease. pre - diabetes occurs when blood sugar levels are elevated, but not quite to the point defined as diabetes. more than 56 million americans currently suffer from pre - diabetes, according to the centers for disease control and prevention ( cdc ). " diabetes has become the major problem in the united states, " says dr. harold lebovitz, at the state university of new york health sciences. dr. lebovitz notes that diabetes is the main cause of kidney failure and most blindness in adults, and causes about 60 percent of cardiovascular diseases. " the issue is, do you wait until patients really develop these catastrophic complications? " says dr. lebovitz. " last year, it cost $ 170 billion in direct and indirect costs to take care of people with diabetes. " the growing epidemic of diabetes in the us will continue to cost more, unless something is done to halt it, notes dr. lebovitz. " diabetes starts at an earlier stage, called pre - diabetes, " he says. " the question arises, should you wait for pre - diabetic patients to develop diabetes and the complications, or should you take a preventive approach? " the american association of clinical endocrinologists ( aace ) is pressing for aggressive action to keep pre - diabetes from progressing to full - blown diabetes. the first step involves lifestyle changes, such as diet and exercise. " it will cost a lot of money to develop lifestyle programs, but in the long run we will save trillions of dollars in health care, " says dr. lebovitz. many people question whether pre - diabetes is actually a disease, notes dr. lebovitz. " the important message is that pre - diabetes is not something people don ' t have problems with, " he says. " sure, they don ' t have any problems when they ' re 30, but when they ' re 50, they ' ve had their heart attack and now they have an ulcer on the foot. " in addition to lifestyle changes, the aace thinks that pre - diabetes needs to be treated more aggressively. since there are no medication therapies approved by the us food and drug administration ( fda ) for treating pre - diabetes, the aace suggests another way to get them : reduce the number at which blood sugar levels define diabetes. that would make current medications available to people


medication therapies approved by the us food and drug administration ( fda ) for treating pre - diabetes, the aace suggests another way to get them : reduce the number at which blood sugar levels define diabetes. that would make current medications available to people who are now classified as pre - diabetic. in addition, those who cannot modify their cardiovascular risk by lifestyle changes need to be treated for high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and should have medications to control blood sugar levels. " the data show that there is a spectrum of severity, with the most severely affected approaching the risks of people with diagnosed type 2 diabetes, " says dr. daniel einhorn, vice - president of aace. " in these highest - risk individuals, who represent a minority, pharmacologic strategies may be appropriate if intensive lifestyle therapies fail. ” dr. einhorn says, “ regardless, all individuals at risk for diabetes should be aware of the level of their risk factors and be prepared to take action. " always consult your physician for more information. ( our organization is not responsible for the content of internet sites. ) high blood pressure is twice as likely to strike a person with diabetes than a person without diabetes. left untreated, high blood pressure can lead to increased risk for heart disease and stroke. in fact, a person with diabetes and high blood pressure is four times as likely to develop heart disease than someone who does not have either of the conditions. about 73 percent of adults with diabetes have blood pressure greater than or equal to 130 / 80 mm hg or use prescription medications for hypertension. blood pressure is the force of the blood pushing against the artery walls. each time the heart beats, it is pumping blood into these arteries - resulting in the highest blood pressure when the heart contracts and is pumping the blood. high blood pressure, or hypertension, directly increases the risk of coronary heart disease ( heart attack ) and stroke ( brain attack ). with high blood pressure, the arteries may have an increased resistance against the flow of blood, causing the heart to pump harder to circulate the blood. two numbers are used to measure blood pressure. the higher number, the systolic pressure, refers to the pressure inside the artery when the heart contracts and is pumping the blood through the body. the lower number, the diastolic pressure, refers to the pressure inside the artery when the heart is at rest and is filling with blood. both the systolic and diastolic pressures are recorded as " mm hg


findings from a new study published in circulation : journal of the american heart association suggest that women with metabolic syndrome are at greater risk for peripheral artery disease ( pad ), a condition that can lead to heart disease and stroke. while most studies on metabolic syndrome have focused on risk for heart disease and stroke, this is among the first to look at risk for developing pad. pad typically affects the arteries in the pelvis and legs. it occurs when plaque builds up in the arteries. symptoms include cramping and pain or tiredness in the hip muscles and legs when walking or climbing stairs. researchers analyzed data from more than 27, 000 healthy middle - aged women taking part in the women ' s health study. they found that 25 percent had metabolic syndrome. metabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk factors linked to being overweight or obese. the risk factors are a large waistline, high blood pressure, low hdl ( " good " ) cholesterol, high triglyceride levels, and higher - than - normal blood sugar. in this study, women with three or more of these risk factors were considered to have metabolic syndrome. during an average of 13 years, 114 of all the women developed pad. women with metabolic syndrome had a 62 percent higher risk for pad than women who did not have metabolic syndrome. each metabolic syndrome risk factor raised the risk for pad by 20 percent. the link between metabolic syndrome and pad in women was largely explained by increased inflammation. women with metabolic syndrome had higher levels of two markers of inflammation than their peers who did not have the syndrome. nearly 25 percent of u. s. adults have metabolic syndrome, and the numbers keep growing. the condition is linked with being overweight and not getting enough physical activity. a healthy lifestyle, which includes the following healthy habits, can help you to prevent or delay metabolic syndrome. maintain a healthy weight. follow a healthy eating plan and try not to overeat. in general, eat fewer calories and less saturated fat. emphasize whole grains, fish, and fruits and veggies in your diet. increase physical activity. try to get at least 30 minutes of moderate activity, such as brisk walking, at least five days a week. work up to 60 minutes five to seven days a week. your doctor can help you decide how much and what kinds of activities are right for you. track your numbers. see your doctor regularly to monitor and track your cholesterol, blood pressure, and blood sugar levels. always consult your physician for more information. ( our organization is not


how much and what kinds of activities are right for you. track your numbers. see your doctor regularly to monitor and track your cholesterol, blood pressure, and blood sugar levels. always consult your physician for more information. ( our organization is not responsible for the content of internet sites. ) drinks sweetened with fructose can increase the risk for metabolic syndrome in overweight or obese people and may increase the risk for cardiovascular disease. so it ' s important to choose your beverages just as thoughtfully as you choose your foods. the facts on fructose. fructose is one of many naturally occurring sugars. it ' s found in fruits and vegetables and in table sugar, or sucrose. it ' s added to corn syrup, too, to make high - fructose corn syrup ( hfcs ). all three - - fructose, sucrose, and hfcs - - may be used to sweeten beverages, like sodas, fruit drinks, and smoothies, or the flavored syrups used in drinks like specialty coffees. researchers have linked a high - fructose diet to increased blood glucose, increased triglycerides, and abdominal obesity - - all are risk factors for metabolic syndrome. these risk factors increase the risk for heart disease, diabetes, and stroke.


dana point, larry hamlin, retired southern california edison vice president of power production, former state energy construction czar under gov. gray davis ( 2001 ) : measurements for atmospheric global co2 levels at hawaii ' s mauna loa observatory show increasing growth rates from 1995 to the present [ “ earth ' s future : a world of extremes? ” focus, climate, nov. 18 ]. however, global mean temperatures, as measured by nasa ' s goddard institute for space studies, show little, if any, increase in global mean temperatures in this period. if atmospheric co2 levels have driven global temperatures the past 15 - plus years, these studies don ' t show it. furthermore, the global temperature graph in the article shows equivalent increasing global temperature trends from 1910 - 45 as in the shorter period from 1975 - 95. this strongly suggests that naturally occurring climate drivers are mostly responsible for global temperature trends, not increasing atmospheric co2 levels. climate - change alarmists argue that global warming will result in increasing intensity of hurricanes. the metric used in the article regarding hurricanes is useless in conveying any real information on this assertion. national oceanic and atmospheric administration data show clearly that neither increasing frequency nor intensity of hurricanes has occurred in the period 1861 through 2010. read the rest of this entry »


from openwaterpediajellyfish ( class cubozoa ) are cnidarian invertebrates distinguished by their cube - shaped medusae. box jellyfish, also known as stingers, are known for the extremely potent venom produced by some species. chironex fleckeri, carukia barnesi and malo kingi are among the most venomous creatures in the world. stings from these and a few other species in the class are extremely painful and sometimes fatal to humans. box jellyfish or sea wasp is also a common name for the notoriously dangerous chironex fleckeri. the ambiguous but commonly used terms " sea wasp " and " marine stinger " are sometimes used to refer to the more venomous species of box jellyfish. box jellyfish most visibly differ from the " true " or scyphozoan jellyfish in that they are umbrella shaped, rather than domed or crown - shaped. the underside of the umbrella includes a flap, or velarium, concentrating and increasing the flow of water expelled from the umbrella. as a result, box jellyfish can move more rapidly than other jellyfish. in fact, speeds of up to six meters per minute have been recorded. the box jellyfish ' s nervous system is also more developed than that of many other jellyfish. notably, they possess a nerve ring around the base of the umbrella that coordinates their pulsing movements ; a feature found elsewhere only in the crown jellyfish. whereas some other jellyfish do have simple pigment - cup ocelli, box jellyfish are unique in the possession of true eyes, complete with retinas, corneas and lenses. their eyes are located on each of the four sides of their bell in clusters. these enable them to see specific points of light, as opposed to simply distinguishing between light and the dark. box jellies also retain the lesser type of eye, because the strong eyes are only one of four subsets. they therefore have 24 eyes. although the notoriously dangerous species of box jellies are largely, or entirely, restricted to the tropical indo - pacific, various species of box jellies can be found widely in tropical and subtropical oceans, including the atlantic and east pacific, with species as far north as california, the mediterranean ( e. g., carybdea marsupialis ) and japan ( e. g., chironex yamaguchii ), and as far south as south africa ( e. g., carybdea branchi


e. g., carybdea marsupialis ) and japan ( e. g., chironex yamaguchii ), and as far south as south africa ( e. g., carybdea branchi ) and new zealand ( e. g., carybdea sivickisi ). defense and feeding mechanisms the box jellyfish has been called " the world ' s most venomous creature, " though only a few species in the class have been confirmed to be involved in human deaths and some species pose no serious threat. for example, the sting of chiropsella bart only results in short - lived itching and mild pain. each tentacle has about 500, 000 cnidocytes, containing nematocysts, a harpoon - shaped microscopic mechanism that injects venom into the victim. there are many different kinds of nematocysts found in cubozoans. in australia, the fatal envenomations are most often perpetrated by the largest species of this family of jellyfish chironex fleckeri, owing to the high potency of the venom carried in their nematocysts. the recently discovered and very similar chironex yamaguchii may be equally dangerous, as it has been implicated in several deaths in japan. it is unclear hence which of these species is the one usually involved in fatalities in the malay archipelago. in 1990, a 4 - year - old child died after being stung by chiropsalmus quadrumanus at galveston island in the gulf of mexico, and either this species or chiropsoides buitendijki are considered the likely perpetrators of two deaths in west malaysia. at least two deaths in australia have been attributed to the thumbnail - sized irukandji jellyfish. those who fall victim to these may suffer severe physical and psychological symptoms known as irukandji syndrome. nevertheless, most victims do survive, and out of 62 people treated for irukandji envenomation in australia in 1996, almost half could be discharged home with few or no symptoms after 6 hours, and only two remained hospitalized approximately a day after they were stung. in australia, chironex fleckeri has caused at least 64 deaths since the first report in 1883, but even in this species most encounters appear to only result in mild envenoming. most recent deaths in australia have been in children, which is linked to their smaller body mass. in april 2010, a 10


since the first report in 1883, but even in this species most encounters appear to only result in mild envenoming. most recent deaths in australia have been in children, which is linked to their smaller body mass. in april 2010, a 10 - year - old australian girl survived multiple stings from box jellyfish and her survival is considered a medical miracle. in parts of the malay archipelago, the number of lethal cases is far higher ( in the philippines alone, an estimated 20 - 40 die annually from chirodropid stings ), likely due to limited access to medical facilities and antivenom, and the fact that many australian beaches are enclosed in nets and have vinegar placed in prominent positions allowing for rapid first aid. vinegar is also used as treatment by locals in the philippines. the box jellyfish actively hunts its prey ( zooplankton and small fish ), rather than drifting as do true jellyfish. it is capable of achieving speeds of up to 4 knots ( 1. 8 m / s ). box jellyfish are known as the " suckerpunch " of the sea not only because their sting is rarely detected until the venom is injected, but also because they are almost transparent. the venom of cubozoans is distinct from that of scyphozoans, and is used to catch prey ( fish and small invertebrates, including shrimp and bait fish ) and for defense from predators, which include the butterfish, batfish, rabbitfish, crabs ( blue swimmer crab ) and various species of sea turtles ( hawksbill turtle, flatback turtle ). sea turtles, however, are apparently unaffected by the sting and eat box jellies. in northern australia, the highest risk period for the box jellyfish is between october and may, but stings and specimens have been reported all months of the year. similarly, the highest risk conditions are those with calm water and a light, onshore breeze ; however, stings and specimens have been reported in all conditions. in hawaii, box jellyfish numbers peak approximately 7 to 10 days after a full moon, when they come near the shore to spawn. sometimes the influx is so severe that lifeguards have closed infested beaches, such as hanauma bay, until the numbers subside. as of 2007, at least 36 species of box jellyfish were known. these are grouped into two orders and seven families. a few new species have been described since then, and it is likely undescribed species remain. treatment of stings once a


, at least 36 species of box jellyfish were known. these are grouped into two orders and seven families. a few new species have been described since then, and it is likely undescribed species remain. treatment of stings once a tentacle of the box jellyfish adheres to skin, it pumps nematocysts with venom into the skin, causing the sting and agonizing pain. successful use of chironex antivenom by members of the queensland ambulance transport brigade showed that acetic acid, found in vinegar, disables the box jelly ' s nematocysts that have not yet discharged into the bloodstream ( though it will not alleviate the pain ). common practice is to apply generous amounts of vinegar prior to and after the stinging tentacle is removed. removal of additional tentacles is usually done with a towel or gloved hand, to prevent secondary stinging. tentacles will still sting if separated from the bell, or after the creature is dead. removal of tentacles without prior application of vinegar may cause unfired nematocysts to come into contact with the skin and fire, resulting in a greater degree of envenomation. although commonly recommended in folklore and even some papers on sting treatment, there is no scientific evidence that urine, ammonia, meat tenderizer, sodium bicarbonate, boric acid, lemon juice, fresh water, steroid cream, alcohol, cold packs, papaya, or hydrogen peroxide will disable further stinging, and these substances may even hasten the release of venom. pressure immobilization bandages, methylated spirits, or vodka should never be used for jelly stings. in severe chironex fleckeri stings cardiac arrest can occur quickly, so cardiopulmonary resuscitation ( cpr ) can be life saving and takes priority over all other treatment options. - i got stung - open water swimming - marathon swimming - world open water swimming association - venomous creatures of the seas - box jellyfish - keri - anne payne talks about jellyfish and the olympics - you could hear the screams - stinging sensations - and a cure - jellyfish gone wild - are you smarter than a 5th grader? - top 10 things to fear in the open water - dangerous creatures for open water swimmers - ishof vs. imshof, greatness defined two ways - being with bengals, terrifying tigers in the tank - protection against stingers splits down the middle - doug mcconnell digs deep vs. a zillion


- ncaa basketball - ncaa football - fantasy mlb - fantasy nba - fantasy nfl - other sports - alternative medicine - food and nutrition - health care - medical treatments - mental health - weight loss - women ' s health - alcohol addiction - drug addiction how vitamins and minerals can affect autism for over a decade, claims have been made that vitamin and mineral supplements may improve the symptoms of autism in a natural way. while not all researchers agree about whether these therapies are scientifically proven, many parents and an increasing number of physicians report improvement in people with asd when using individual or combined nutritional supplements. malabsorption problems and nutritional deficiencies have been addressed in several as - of - yet unreplicated studies. a few studies suggest that intestinal disorders and chronic gastrointestinal inflammation may reduce the absorption of essential nutrients and cause disruptions in immune and general metabolic functions that are dependent upon these essential vitamins. other studies have shown that some children on the autism spectrum may have low levels of vitamins a, b1, b3, and b5, as well as biotin, selenium, zinc, and magnesium ; while others may have an elevated serum copper to plasma zinc ratio, suggesting that they may benefit by avoiding copper and taking extra zinc to boost their immune system. other studies have indicated a need for more calcium. there are several laboratories that test for nutritional deficiencies, but many insurance companies will not pay for these tests. perhaps the most common vitamin supplement used for individuals with asd is vitamin b, which plays an important role in creating enzymes needed by the brain. in several studies on the use of vitamin b and magnesium ( which is needed to make vitamin b effective ), almost half of the individuals with autism showed improvement. the benefits include decreased behavioral problems, improved eye contact, better attention span, and improvements in learning. other research studies have shown that other supplements may help symptoms as well. cod liver oil supplements ( rich in vitamins a and d ) have resulted in improved eye contact and behavior of children with autism. vitamin c helps in brain function and deficiency symptoms like depression and confusion. increasing vitamin c has been shown in a clinical trial to improve symptom severity in children with asd. if you are considering the addition of vitamins or minerals to your child ' s diet, a laboratory and clinical assessment of nutritional status is highly recommended. the most accurate method for measuring vitamin and mineral levels is through a blood test. it is also important to work with someone knowledgeable in nutritional therapy. while large


asus eee 1000h reviewzertz - october 13, 2008 » discuss this article ( 0 ) the intel atom processor is based on the core microarchitecture, itself based on the dothan core, also more commonly known as pentium - m. it has been reworked with power consumption in mind, leading to reduced cache, no more 64 - bit instructions and less processing power. the differential between idle and load power usage had to be as low as possible and it had to have, at peak load, no more than a 2w thermal design power ( tdp ). thus, atom was born. a single core, in - order, processor, equipped with hyperthreading, which was first introduced back in 2002 with the netburst microarchitecture. that translates to 47 millions transistors built on a 45 nanometer process making a tiny 26 square millimeters die. in comparison, the latest dual core wolfdale processors need over 400 million transistors to perform like they do. atom features a mere 32kb of level 1 cache while level 2 gets a whopping 512kb. again, not much compared to desktop processors, but enough for what it ' s meant for. all those small numbers, everything is relative of course, end up consuming less than a single watt under idle conditions and 2. 5w under full load. to put things into perspective, the most frugal ultra low voltage ( ulv ) core 2 solo processor has a tdp of 5. 5w and costs about four times as much as the atom. so how come that little processor so cheap? one of the reasons is that intel manages to extract about 2500 atoms from a single 300 mm wafer. of course, those tiny chips are nowhere near as powerful as core 2s, but the question is – do you really need all that processing power from a portable computer? while the atom ' s power consumption is nothing short of impressive, the same cannot be said about the chipset it is paired with. the aging 945gse northbridge, which includes a memory controller and an integrated graphic processor, gets the job done, although now without a sweat and at the cost of relatively high power consumption, standing at 6w. the southbridge is the ich7m, which, in this case, mainly takes care of the storage devices and then passes the information to the northbridge. the whole platform has a tdp of 11. 8w, so that ' s just under 12w for a


tubal ligation and tubal implants reference tubal ligation opens new window reference opens new window, often referred to as " having your tubes tied, " is a surgical procedure in which a woman ' s reference fallopian tubes opens new window are blocked, tied, or cut. reference tubal implants opens new window reference opens new window, such as essure, are small metal springs that are placed in each fallopian tube in a nonsurgical procedure ( no cutting is involved ). over time, scar tissue grows around each implant and permanently blocks the tubes. either procedure stops eggs from traveling from the ovaries into the fallopian tubes, where the egg is normally fertilized by a sperm. tubal ligation and tubal implants are considered to be permanent methods of birth control for women. they are usually done by a reference gynecologist opens new window. they may also be done by a reference family medicine doctor opens new window or a reference general surgeon opens new window. tubal ligation method there are several different ways of closing the reference fallopian tubes opens new window reference opens new window, including clipping or banding them shut or cutting and stitching or burning them closed. your surgeon will probably prefer one of these reference tubal ligation methods opens new window reference opens new window. a tubal ligation can be done using a : - a reference laparoscopy or mini - lap. these are done by inserting a viewing instrument and surgical tools through reference 2 small incisions ( laparoscopy ) opens new window reference opens new window or reference 1 small incision ( mini - lap ) opens new window reference opens new window in the abdomen. - reference postpartum tubal ligation opens new window reference opens new window. this is usually done as a mini - laparotomy after childbirth. the fallopian tubes are higher in the abdomen right after pregnancy, so the incision is made below the belly button ( navel ). the procedure is often done within 24 to 36 hours after the baby is delivered. an open tubal ligation ( laparotomy ) is done through a larger incision in the abdomen. it may be recommended if you need abdominal surgery for other reasons ( such as a reference cesarean section opens new window ) or have had reference pelvic inflammatory disease ( pid ) opens new window, reference endometriosis opens new window, or previous abdominal or pelvic surgery. these conditions often


( such as a reference cesarean section opens new window ) or have had reference pelvic inflammatory disease ( pid ) opens new window, reference endometriosis opens new window, or previous abdominal or pelvic surgery. these conditions often cause scarring or sticking together ( reference adhesion opens new window ) of tissue and organs in the abdomen. scarring or adhesions can make one of the other types of tubal ligation more difficult and risky. laparoscopy is usually done with a reference general anesthetic opens new window. laparotomy or mini - laparotomy can be done using general anesthesia or a reference regional anesthetic opens new window, also known as an epidural. reference reversing a tubal ligation is possible, but it isn ' t highly successful. this is why tubal ligation is considered a permanent method of birth control. tubal implant method implants, such as essure, are inserted in the fallopian tubes without surgery or general anesthesia. the procedure is done in a doctor ' s office, an outpatient surgery center, or a hospital, and it doesn ' t require an overnight stay. the implant procedure itself takes about 10 minutes. - before the procedure, your reference cervix opens new window is first opened ( dilated ) to reduce the risk of injury to the cervix. your doctor will use a reference speculum opens new window and a dilating instrument to gradually open the cervix just before the procedure. - for the procedure, you are positioned as you would be for a pelvic exam. your doctor passes a thin tube ( catheter ) through your vagina and cervix, into the uterus, and then into a fallopian tube. the catheter is used to place an implant into a fallopian tube. an implant is then placed in the other fallopian tube the same way. you may have some menstrual - like cramps afterwards. after the procedure, an reference x - ray opens new window is taken to make sure the implants are in place and the tubes are closed. in some cases, a tubal implant can be difficult to insert. should this happen, a second procedure is needed to completely block both tubes. for the first 3 months after insertion, you must use another method of birth control. at 3 months, dye is injected into your uterus and an x - ray is taken ( reference


science points to superiority of organic strawberries strawberries garnered special attention this year as arysta lifescience, a global pesticide corporation, aggressively promoted the chemical methyl iodide for use in california ’ s strawberry industry. it was dubbed “ one of the most toxic chemicals on earth ” by dr. join froines, chair of the state ' s scientific review committee for the pesticide. pesticide action network, partners and tens of thousands of californians rallied to keep methyl iodide out of agriculture. the department of pesticide regulation is expected to issue a final decision on registering the new fumigant in the coming months. public opinion aligns firmly against use of the chemical. new science on the superiority of strawberries grown organically – without methyl iodide – bolsters the case. researchers at washington state university compared organic and industrial berries over five years, and published their results last month in the prestigious journal plos one, in an article titled, “ fruit and soil quality of organic and conventional strawberry agroecosystems. ” the scientists found that compared to industrial berries, organic strawberries have : - more antioxidants and vitamin c - a longer shelf life - better taste and sweetness and one thing organic strawberries don ’ t have : pesticide residues. the secret is in the soil, scientists found. organically farmed soils pack a nutritious punch, with higher levels of carbon, nitrogen and important micronutrients. organic farming enhances food quality by building soil quality – a key point highlighted in the september 3rd national public radio show science friday. organically farmed soils also supported thriving microbial communities – the living part of the soil – that were larger, more diverse, and more active. the really sweet part of the story : farmers in california and around the country are already growing organic strawberries, with swanton berry farms and driscoll ’ s as just two examples of businesses thriving in this growing sector.


eye tracking is a process that identifies a specific point in both space and time that is being looked at by the observer. this information can also be used in real - time to control applications using the eyes. recent innovations in the video game industry include alternative input modalities to provide an enhanced, more immersive user experience. in particular, eye gaze control has recently been explored as an input modality in video games. this book is an introduction for those interested in using eye tracking to control or analyze video games and virtual environments. key concepts are illustrated through three case studies in which gaze control and voice recognition have been used in combination to control virtual characters and applications. the lessons learned in the case studies are presented and issues relating to incorporating eye tracking in interactive applications are discussed. the reader will be given an introduction to human visual attention, eye movements and eye tracking technologies. previous work in the field of studying fixation behavior in games and using eye tracking for video game interaction will also be presented. collect fly buys when you purchase this title the final chapter discusses ideas for how this field can be developed further to create richer interaction for characters and crowds in virtual environments. alternative means of interaction in video games are especially important for disabled users for whom traditional techniques, such as mouse and keyboard, may be far from ideal. this book is also relevant for those wishing to use gaze control in applications other than games. table of contents : introduction / the human visual system / eye tracking / eye tracking in video games / gaze and voice controlled video games : case study i and ii / gaze and voice controlled drawing : case study iii / conclusion


sometimes i get the feeling that reporters struggle to cover annual events. this leads to less coverage of the liturgical calendar and its festive celebrations and penitential seasons than to events marked by trend - driven church bodies. you don ’ t see much coverage of pentecost, marked annually by millions of american christians, compared to, say, the sex sermon series being pushed by some pastor in michigan. tradition holds that on the night of dec. 31, 1862, americans of african descent gathered in churches to await the news that president abraham lincoln would indeed sign the emancipation proclamation. new year ’ s day came and all slaves in the states of the confederacy were declared legally free – even if true freedom would require a long wait. over the next several decades, many black americans developed a tradition of returning to church on new year ’ s eve or new year ’ s day to commemorate the end of slavery. the black christian tradition held that god, not man, had delivered the slaves to freedom, so church was the right place to remember the pain of bondage and the joy of being free. the story goes on to explain watch night and freedom ’ s eve services that continue to this day. in my experience, these services occasionally take place on new year ’ s day. the article explores whether the election of a black man to be president will add new meaning to the services. stern looks at local festivities sponsored by the united black clergy of westchester and speaks with the group ’ s president, rev w. darin moore : the ame zion denomination was formed in 1820 – 42 years before emancipation – when black christians fled the institutional racism of the white methodist church. the ame zion church became known as “ the freedom church. ” “ the theme of scripture has always been emancipation and liberation, whether it ’ s the story of israel and the exodus from egypt or the liberation we find in christ from sin, ” moore told me. “ there ’ s always been a social / political component and a spiritual component. particularly in the african - american church, there has been an insistence that we not separate the two. “ that ’ s why this service is so important in our community, ” he said. “ it looks back and commemorates the liberation from slavery, using the emancipation proclamation as a milestone – understanding that there were many complexities to the political motivations for it. but for us, it ’ s bigger than that, representing a journey to complete human liberation. ” i couldn ’ t help but read this without remembering the whole jeremiah wright debacle.


were many complexities to the political motivations for it. but for us, it ’ s bigger than that, representing a journey to complete human liberation. ” i couldn ’ t help but read this without remembering the whole jeremiah wright debacle. in large part because of the pastor in question but also because of the media ’ s obsession with politics, the coverage of wright had so little actual discussion of the spiritual aspects of black liberation theology. there wasn ’ t much theology in the coverage, to put it mildly. it ’ s so nice to see a story that plays liberation theology as it lays, with both political and spiritual aspects. the article also discusses the mega - hot - button issue of the day : now obama ’ s getting attacked from the left for choosing rick warren to give the invocation at his inauguration. warren is an increasingly famous ( and white ) megachurch pastor who has focused on fighting worldwide poverty and disease even as he opposes gay marriage and holds mostly conservative theological views. baisden said he has no problem with the choice. “ i see it as consistent with president - elect obama ’ s efforts to bring us together, ” he said. “ we have differences in many ways, but these things should be able to pull us together. ” i find the use of the word “ even ” to be completely unnecessary. i ’ m aware that many in the mainstream media are under the impression that there is some sort of intrinsic conflict between holding conservative theological views and fighting poverty and disease and yet history doesn ’ t exactly bear that impression out. christian charity throughout history has coexisted with a belief in the sanctity of marriage as a heterosexual union. there ’ s no need to use the word “ even ” and quite a few arguments against it. “ even ” so, the story is great and ends with a verse from the processional hymn to which the clergy will enter the church for the emancipation service, “ god of our fathers. ” stern provides an informative, interesting, detailed and newsy account of a long - standing faith tradition.


[ the pc guide | systems and components reference guide | motherboard and system devices | the motherboard | motherboard integrated components ] jumpers are pins on a motherboard or other device, that are used to provide configuration information to the hardware. a single jumper consists of a pair of pins, with a small rectangular shunt that can be placed over both pins to short them together. the hardware is programmed to act one way when the jumper is shorted, and another way when it is left open. the jumpers are normally numbered jp1, jp2 etc.. for some functions, a group of jumpers is used. every motherboard differs in its jumper numbering, positioning, and most importantly, what the settings for each jumper mean. this is why having the motherboard manual is so crucial for anyone who wants to work on their pc. this procedure provides specific instructions and caveats for configuring your motherboard. one of the newest innovations on the market is the " jumperless " motherboard, such as the it5h made by abit. with these boards you make many of the hardware settings, such as cpu type and speed, and even cpu voltage, using bios settings, while some others are retained as regular jumpers ( typically, cmos clear and cache size ). this arrangement lets you change the clock speed of the cpu as easily as you would change any other bios setting, and makes upgrading the processor a snap. it also makes it easier for motherboard manufacturers to add support for new processor types as they are put onto the market. many people think that " jumperless " is the new wave of motherboard design, and certainly the ability to change more settings without opening up the box is a great advantage. others like the control of being able to physically set a jumper ( recalling with frustration some of the problems with new technologies like plug and play that remove this control to software with sometimes mixed results ). frankly, considering that most people set their motherboard jumpers only once ( or at most, once a year or so when they upgrade ) i consider the whole jumperless motherboard thing more of a fad than a real evolution in design. for those that like to overclock, jumperless designs have obvious here is a list and brief explanation of the settings that you are most likely to find in your manual : - processor / cpu voltage : almost all newer boards have one or more jumpers to set the voltage for the processor. obviously, this needs to be set correctly or you risk


explanation of the settings that you are most likely to find in your manual : - processor / cpu voltage : almost all newer boards have one or more jumpers to set the voltage for the processor. obviously, this needs to be set correctly or you risk destroying the chip. in addition, newer processors use two voltages : an " external " i / o voltage and an " internal " core voltage. for your motherboard to support these newer processors, it must have jumpers to set both of these sometimes there can be a mismatch between the voltage that the processor requires and the voltage that the motherboard supplies. this often happens because the motherboard is designed to support a new processor based on the spec, but the voltage is changed for design reasons later on. you should contact the motherboard manufacturer in this case. usually you can still use the processor if the motherboard can supply a voltage close to the number required - - say, within 0. 1v - - because processors have a range of voltages they can use, not just a single number. see here for more on - processor speed / bus speed / multiplier : every 486 class or later motherboard ( excluding jumperless designs ) has a way to specify the speed of the processor. there are two main methods for selecting processor speed, and your manual will show you which your motherboard uses. some motherboards provide a list of the various speeds supported, and a diagram of how to set the jumpers to match that speed. others instead require you to set two separate jumpers : one controls the memory bus speed, and the other sets the processor " multiplier " ( how many times the memory bus speed the processor runs ). - processor type : you may find this instead of, or in addition to, the two settings listed above. in an effort to save the user the hassle of figuring out voltages and speeds, some motherboards combine the jumpers into one jumper set or group. then, they provide a long list with each processor type and speed that the board supports, and tell you how to set each of a group of jumpers so that it works appropriately. if you are setting up a pentium 133, you ' ll find it on the list and be told how to set jumpers 1, 3, 7, 12, and 18, for example. the only problem with this arrangement is that unless they also tell you what each of the individual jumpers is actually controlling, it can be difficult to set up a newer processor that


##s 1, 3, 7, 12, and 18, for example. the only problem with this arrangement is that unless they also tell you what each of the individual jumpers is actually controlling, it can be difficult to set up a newer processor that may be supported just fine by the board but not be listed in their documentation. you have less information about how the board actually works. you can sometimes find help in this case on the manufacturer ' s web site. - cache size and type : some boards can have different amounts of cache, and some can have cache either built in or on a coast module. there is often a jumper or two to set which is used and how much is on the board. other boards only come with one arrangement of cache or can auto - detect when you insert a coast module, so they will lack these jumpers. - memory size / type : almost all newer pcs auto - detect the amount and type of ram in the system, but many older 486 ( and earlier ) models require jumpers to be changed when changing the amount of memory ( this is a pain in the butt, which is why it was done away - flash bios enable : many boards require you to set a jumper to a special position in order to enable the flash bios update feature. this jumper is usually set to the " normal " position except when doing a bios - cmos clear : one of the most famous of annoying pc problems is the " lost bios setup password " problem, that locks the user out of the bios setup program. you ' d be amazed how often this happens. some newer pcs have built into the motherboard the ability to clear the bios by temporarily setting a jumper and then replacing it ( in essence this disconnects the cmos memory from the battery so it discharges and resets ). this jumper is also usually set to the " normal " position. - battery source : some boards let you switch the battery from an internal to an external source, and a jumper is used to control the setting. - disable jumpers : some motherboards use special jumpers to enable you to disable parts of the circuitry. this is entirely board - dependent. next : ports and headers home - search - topics - up


allergies are an overreaction of the body ' s natural defense system that helps fight infections ( immune system ). the immune system normally protects the body from viruses and bacteria by producing antibodies to fight them. in an allergic reaction, the immune system starts fighting substances that are usually harmless ( such as dust mites, pollen, or a medicine ) as though these substances were trying to attack the body. this overreaction can cause a rash, itchy eyes, a runny nose, trouble breathing, nausea, and diarrhea. an allergic reaction may not occur the first time you are exposed to an allergy - producing substance ( allergen ). for example, the first time you are stung by a bee, you may have only pain and redness from the sting. if you are stung again, you may have hives or trouble breathing. this is caused by the response of the immune system. most people will have some problem with allergies or allergic reactions at some point in their lives. allergic reactions can range from mild and annoying to sudden and life - threatening. most allergic reactions are mild, and home treatment can relieve many of the symptoms. an allergic reaction is more serious when severe allergic reaction ( anaphylaxis ) occurs, when allergies cause other problems ( such as nosebleeds, ear problems, wheezing, or coughing ), or when home treatment doesn ' t help. there are many types of allergies. some of the more common ones include : seasonal allergies show up at the same time of the year every year and are caused by exposure to pollens from trees, grasses, or weeds. hay fever is the most common seasonal allergy. allergies that occur for more than 9 months out of the year are called perennial allergies. check your symptoms to decide if and when you should see a doctor. health tools help you make wise health decisions or take action to improve your health. | decision points focus on key medical care decisions that are important to many health problems. | | allergies : should i take allergy shots? | | allergies : should i take shots for insect sting allergies? | | actionsets are designed to help people take an active role in managing a health condition. | | allergies in children : giving an epinephrine shot to a child | | allergies : giving yourself an epinephrine shot | you can use home treatment to relieve symptoms of : for tips on


a health condition. | | allergies in children : giving an epinephrine shot to a child | | allergies : giving yourself an epinephrine shot | you can use home treatment to relieve symptoms of : for tips on how to treat dry and irritated skin, see the topic dry skin and itching. for information on how to treat an insect bite or sting, see the topic insect bites and stings and spider bites. call your doctor if any of the following occur during home treatment : to prevent problems with severe allergic reactions : to prevent seasonal or year - round allergy reactions : breast - feeding may prevent allergies. breast - feed your baby for at least 6 months if possible to boost his or her immune system. feeding only breast milk during the first 6 months of life may reduce the chances that your child will develop food allergies or may decrease the severity of your child ' s allergies. for more information, see the topic breast - feeding. to prepare for your appointment, see the topic making the most of your appointment. you can help your doctor diagnose and treat your condition by being prepared to answer the following questions : | primary medical reviewer | | william h. blahd, jr., md, facep - emergency medicine | | specialist medical reviewer | | h. michael o ' connor, md - emergency medicine | | last revised | | november 12, 2012 | last revised : november 12, 2012 to learn more visit healthwise. org © 1995 - 2013 healthwise, incorporated. healthwise, healthwise for every health decision, and the healthwise logo are trademarks of healthwise, incorporated.


multiple system atrophydefinition : multiple system atrophy ( msa ) is a rare condition that causes symptoms similar to parkinson ' s disease. however, patients with msa have more widespread damage to the part of the nervous system that controls important functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and sweating. shy - drager syndrome ; neurologic orthostatic hypotension ; shy - mcgee - drager syndrome ; parkinson ' s plus syndrome ; msa - p ; msa - c causes, incidence, and risk factors : the cause is unknown. msa develops gradually and is most often diagnosed in men older than 60. msa damages the nervous system. symptoms can include : - face changes - " mask " appearance to face - may be unable to close mouth - reduced ability to show facial expressions difficulty chewing or swallowing ( occasionally ) - disrupted sleep patterns ( especially during rapid eye movement ( rem ) sleep late at night ) dizziness or fainting when standing up or after standing still - frequent falls - loss of control over bowels or bladder - loss of fine motor skills - difficulty with any activity that requires small movements - writing that is small and hard to read - loss of sweating in any part of the body - mild decline in mental function muscle aches and pains ( myalgia ) - difficulty bending arms or legs - nausea and problems with digestion - posture difficulties : may be unstable, stooped, or slumped over - slow movements - difficulty beginning to walk or starting any voluntary movement - freezing of movement when the movement is stopped, unable to start moving again - small steps followed by the need to run to keep balance - may become severe enough to interfere with activities - may be worse when tired, excited, or stressed - may occur at rest or at any time - may occur with any action, such as holding a cup or other eating utensils - finger - thumb rubbing ( pill rolling tremor ) - vision changes, decreased or blurred vision - voice and speech changes - difficulty speaking - slow speaking - voice is low volume other symptoms that may occur with this disease : signs and tests : your doctor or nurse will examine you, and check your eyes, nerves, and muscles. your blood pressure will be taken while you are lying down and standing up. there are no specific tests to confirm this disease. a neurologist can make the diagnosis based on : - history of symptoms - physical examination results - ruling out other causes of symptoms testing to help confirm the diagnosis may include : there is no cure


. there are no specific tests to confirm this disease. a neurologist can make the diagnosis based on : - history of symptoms - physical examination results - ruling out other causes of symptoms testing to help confirm the diagnosis may include : there is no cure for msa. there is no known way to prevent the disease from getting worse. the goal of treatment is to control symptoms. anticholinergic medications may be used to reduce early or mild tremors. levodopa may improve movement and balance. carbidopa is usually added to levodopa to reduce its side effects and make it work better. however, for people with msa the response to medications may be disappointing. many people respond poorly to treatment with anticholinergics or levodopa. medications that may be used to treat low blood pressure include : - fludrocortisone ( florinef ) - mao inhibitors - vasoconstrictors ( midodrine ) a pacemaker that is programmed to stimulate the heart to beat at a rapid rate ( faster than 100 beats per minute ) may increase blood pressure for some people. constipation can be treated with a high - fiber diet and laxatives. medicines are available to treat impotence. the outcome is poor. loss of mental and physical functions slowly get worse. early death is likely. patients typically live 7 to 9 years after diagnosis. - progressive loss of ability to walk or care for self - difficulty performing daily activities - injuries from falls / fainting - side effects of medications calling your health care provider : call your health care provider if you develop symptoms of this disorder. call your health care provider if you have been diagnosed with msa and your symptoms return or get worse. also call if new symptoms appear, including possible side effects of medications : - changes in alertness / behavior / mood - delusional behavior - involuntary movements - loss of mental functioning - severe confusion or disorientation contact your health care provider if you have a family member with this disorder and his or her condition deteriorates to the point that you are unable to care for the person at home. jankovic j, shannon km. movement disorders. in : bradley wg, daroff rb, fenichel gm, jankovic j, eds. bradley : neurology in clinical practice. 5th ed. philadelphia, pa : butterworth heinemann elsevier ; 2008 : chap 75.


urolithiasis, struvite in dogs urolithiasis is the medical term referring to the presence of stones in the kidneys, bladder or anywhere in the urinary tract. struvite - - the primary composition of these stones - - is a material that is comprised of magnesium, ammonium and phosphate. the stones are more common in female dogs than in male dogs, and typically in animals that are mid - range in years ( six to seven years of age ). struvite stones account for more than one - third of all stones found in the urinary tracts of dogs. symptoms and types while some dogs may not display any symptoms, others have urinary problems such as : - abnormal urine stream - difficulty urinating ( dysuria ) - frequent urination - blood in the urine ( hematuria ) - cloudy urine - increased thirst moreover, increased thirst ( polydipsia ) is usually associated with stones present in the kidneys. if there is a substantial amount of inflammation, the bladder could be enlarged. sometimes, you ' ll be able to feel the actual stones through the skin with your hand. there are several known risk factors including high levels of steroids, an abnormal retention of urine, and extremely non - acidic ( alkaline ) urine. these type of stones are also more common after urinary tract infections or disorders. some breeds of dogs are more prone to stuvite stones, including : - miniature schnauzers - shih tzus, bichon frises - miniature poodles - cocker spaniels and lhasa apsos x - rays and ultrasounds are usually used to determine the size, shape and location of the stones, and to properly assess treatment options. dietary management, in association with antibiotic treatment, has been effective at dissolving struvite stones. if dietary management is used, follow it explicitly and eliminate other foods and treats until the animal has fully recovered. the process of dissolving stones usually takes between two weeks and up to seven months. if the stones do not begin to dissolve after a few weeks, surgery may be necessary. living and management x - rays and ultrasounds are used to assess the progress of the stone dissolution. a dietary regimen can also be prescribed. in some cases, restricting the diets of the animal - - in terms of magnesium - - has proven effective for stone prevention. a medical condition involving excessive thirst blood in the urine having a hard time urinating ; pain while


teenagers ’ lives are filled with writing. all teens write for school, and 93 % of teens say they write for their own pleasure. most notably, the vast majority of teens have eagerly embraced written communication with their peers as they share messages on their social network pages, in emails and instant messages online, and through fast - paced thumb choreography on their cell phones. parents believe that their children write more as teens than they did at that age. this raises a major question : what, if anything, connects the formal writing teens do and the informal e - communication they exchange on digital screens? a considerable number of educators and children ’ s advocates worry that james billington, the librarian of congress, was right when he recently suggested that young americans ’ electronic communication might be damaging “ the basic unit of human thought – the sentence. ” they are concerned that the quality of writing by young americans is being degraded by their electronic communication, with its carefree spelling, lax punctuation and grammar, and its acronym shortcuts. others wonder if this return to text - driven communication is instead inspiring new appreciation for writing among teens. while the debate about the relationship between e - communication and formal writing is on - going, few have systematically talked to teens to see what they have to say about the state of writing in their lives. responding to this information gap, the pew internet & american life project and national commission on writing conducted a national telephone survey and focus groups to see what teens and their parents say about the role and impact of technological writing on both in - school and out - of - school writing. this report that follows looks at teens ’ basic definition of writing, explores the various kinds of writing they do, seeks their assessment about what impact e - communication has on their writing, and probes for their guidance about how writing instruction might be improved. at the core, the digital age presents a paradox. most teenagers spend a considerable amount of their life composing texts, but they do not think that a lot of the material they create electronically is real writing. the act of exchanging emails, instant messages, texts, and social network posts is communication that carries the same weight to teens as phone calls and between - class hallway greetings. at the same time that teens disassociate e - communication with “ writing, ” they also strongly believe that good writing is a critical skill to achieving success – and their parents agree. moreover, teens are filled with insights and critiques of the current state of writing instruction as well as ideas about how to make in - school


risk of marijuana ' s ' gateway effect ' overblown, new unh research shows durham, n. h. – new research from the university of new hampshire shows that the " gateway effect " of marijuana – that teenagers who use marijuana are more likely to move on to harder illicit drugs as young adults – is overblown. whether teenagers who smoked pot will use other illicit drugs as young adults has more to do with life factors such as employment status and stress, according to the new research. in fact, the strongest predictor of whether someone will use other illicit drugs is their race / ethnicity, not whether they ever used marijuana. conducted by unh associate professors of sociology karen van gundy and cesar rebellon, the research appears in the september 2010, issue of the journal of health and social behavior in the article, " a life - course perspective on the ' gateway hypothesis. ' " " in light of these findings, we urge u. s. drug control policymakers to consider stress and life - course approaches in their pursuit of solutions to the ' drug problem, ' " van gundy and rebellon say. the researchers used survey data from 1, 286 young adults who attended miami - dade public schools in the 1990s. within the final sample, 26 percent of the respondents are african american, 44 percent are hispanic, and 30 percent are non - hispanic white. the researchers found that young adults who did not graduate from high school or attend college were more likely to have used marijuana as teenagers and other illicit substances in young adulthood. in addition, those who used marijuana as teenagers and were unemployed following high school were more likely to use other illicit drugs. however, the association between teenage marijuana use and other illicit drug abuse by young adults fades once stresses, such as unemployment, diminish. " employment in young adulthood can protect people by ' closing ' the marijuana gateway, so over - criminalizing youth marijuana use might create more serious problems if it interferes with later employment opportunities, " van gundy says. in addition, once young adults reach age 21, the gateway effect subsides entirely. " while marijuana use may serve as a gateway to other illicit drug use in adolescence, our results indicate that the effect may be short - lived, subsiding by age 21. interestingly, age emerges as a protective status above and beyond the other life statuses and conditions considered here. we find that respondents ' age out ' of marijuana ' s gateway effect regardless of early teen stress exposure or education, work, or family statuses, "


age emerges as a protective status above and beyond the other life statuses and conditions considered here. we find that respondents ' age out ' of marijuana ' s gateway effect regardless of early teen stress exposure or education, work, or family statuses, " the researchers say. the researchers found that the strongest predictor of other illicit drug use appears to be race - ethnicity, not prior use of marijuana. non - hispanic whites show the greatest odds of other illicit substance use, followed by hispanics, and then by african americans. the university of new hampshire, founded in 1866, is a world - class public research university with the feel of a new england liberal arts college. a land, sea, and space - grant university, unh is the state ' s flagship public institution, enrolling more than 12, 200 undergraduate and 2, 200 graduate students. the american sociological association ( www. asanet. org ), founded in 1905, is a nonprofit membership association dedicated to serving sociologists in their work, advancing sociology as a science and profession, and promoting the contributions to and use of sociology by society. the journal of health and social behavior is a quarterly, peer - reviewed journal of the asa. the research article described above is available by request for members of the media. contact daniel fowler, asa ' s media relations and public affairs officer, at email @ example. com or ( 202 ) 527 - 7885.


posted by lotg on november 24, 2004 in reply to : re : macedon and monmouth posted by doug on november 24, 2004 : : : : : : does anyone know where the saying " as different as macedon and monmouth " originated from? : : : : : : : : : : i ' ve found it! it ' s from shakespeare ' s henry v. : : : : thanks for posting and letting us know. : : : pardon me for being a dunce, but lacking a copy at hand of henry v, i don ' t know whether there ' s any significance in this choice of place names. is it just that both start with m, but are very far apart geographically? ss : : does it mean the same as " as different as mastedon and mammoth ". : i suppose it might to an archaeologist. however, most lay folk would not know the difference between a mastodon and a mammoth, so it might tend suggest similarity. what is the source of this phrase? smokey, there does appear to be significance in the choice of place names in henry v. although rather than the comparison indicating how different they are - as i would have expected given you can ' t get much more different than macedon ( as in macedonia ) and monmouth ( as in the uk ), it appears to me that shakespeare is using the example to indicate how alike they are. which if taken in context, does make sense. here ' s a passage that might clarify : " i tell you, captain, if you look in the maps of the ' orld, i warrant you shall find, in the comparisons between macedon and monmouth, that the situations, look you, is both alike. there is a river in macedon, and there is also moreover a river at monmouth : it is called wye at monmouth ; but it is out of my prains what is the name of the other river ; but ' tis all one, ' tis alike as my fingers is to my fingers, and there is salmons in both. if you mark alexander ' s life well, harry of monmouth ' s life is come after it indifferent well ; for there is figures in all things. " ( captain fluellen to captain gower, king henry v, act iv scene vii )


margaret impressed not only malcolm but many other members of the scottish court both for her knowledge of continental customs gained in the court of hungary, and also for her piety. she became highly influential, both indirectly by her influence on malcolm as well as through direct activities on her part. prominent among these activities was religious reform. margaret instigated reforms within the scottish church, as well as development of closer ties to the larger roman church in order to avoid a schism between the celtic church and rome. further, margaret was a patroness both of the celide, scottish christian hermits, and also the benedictine order. although benedictine monks were prominent throughout western continental europe, there were previously no benedictine monasteries known to exist in scotland. margaret therefore invited english benedictine monks to establish monasteries in her kingdom. on the more secular side, margaret introduced continental fashions, manners, and ceremony to the scottish court. the popularization of continental fashions had the side - effect of introducing foreign merchants to scotland, increasing economic ties and communication between scotland and the continent. margaret was also a patroness of the arts and education. further, malcolm sought maragret ' s advice on matters of state, and together with other english exiles margaret was influential in introducing english - style feudalism and parliament to scotland. margaret was also active in works of charity. margaret frequently visited and cared for the sick, and on a larger scale had hostels constructed for the poor. she was also in the habit, particularly during advent and lent, of holding feasts for as many as 300 commoners in the royal castle. king malcolm, meanwhile, was engaged in a contest with william the conqueror over northumbria and cambria. after an unsuccessful 1070 invasion by malcom into northumbria followed by an unsuccessful 1072 invasion by william into scotland, malcom paid william homage, resulting in temporary peace. william further made assurance of this peace by demanding malcolm ' s eldest son donald ( by malcolm ' s previous wife ingibjorg ) as a hostage. time passed, william the conqueror died, and the conqueror ' s son william rufus took the throne of england. hostilities again arose between scotland and england, and in the ensuing unpleasantness malcolm was killed along with edward, the eldest son of malcom and margaret. margaret had already been ill when malcolm and edward went off to battle. her surviving children tried to hide the fact of their deaths, for fear of worsening her condition. but margaret learnt the truth, and whether due to her illness or a broken heart, margaret died


lucknow city is the largest city in uttar pradesh and the most populated city in the entire country of india. the city is one of the oldest settlements of india. lucknow city has the history of the shahi nawabs ruling the city for almost two centuries. the people of the lucknow city are known for their manners and great hospitality. lucknow is emerging as a powerful city in terms of economy and market in india. lucknow lies on the border of india and nepal. the city comprises a total geographical area of around 119 square kilometers of area. the vast area makes the city one of the top ten largest cities in india. when the last census was measured in the year 2006 the population of the city was around 4, 875, 858. the climate of lucknow is of the typical warm sub tropical. the summers here are quite dry and the temperature ranges from 40 to 45 degree celsius. the winters are cold and dry and the maximum temperature in winter is around 21 degree celsius and sometimes it falls up to 3 to 4 degree celsius. the city has the history of the shahi nawabs ruling the region for almost two centuries. your contribution can be useful for other tourists more travel guides in india : more information india : ongole can be referred to as a big town as well as a ‘ selection grade municipality next to corporation ’ in prakasam district, andhra pradesh, india. ongole is known for... guntur can be mentioned as a city as well as municipal corporation within andhra pradesh, india. guntur lies at a distance of 64 km on the northern side of ‘ bay of...


biological sciences division chemical probe finds fungal organism function activity - based protein profiling suggests how fungus becomes pathogenic aspergillus fumigatus is a common fungus. most people breathe in its spores every day without being affected ; however, in people with lung diseases or weakened immune systems, it causes the disease aspergillosis. photo courtesy of the centers for disease control results : two unique chemical probes designed at pacific northwest national laboratory are helping scientists find how a pathogenic organism responsible for a severe lung infection thrives in human serum. these probes use multiplexed activity - based protein profiling ( abpp ), which revealed significant changes in aspergillus fumigatus metabolism and stress response when placed in culture with human serum over time. why it matters. a. fumigatus spores are ubiquitous in the atmosphere, and everybody inhales an estimated several hundred spores each day. but for people whose immune response is compromised from taking immunosuppressive drugs, by irradiation or malnutrition, or by diseases such as cancer or aids, this opportunistic pathogen is responsible for pulmonary invasive aspergillosis ( ia ). patients with ia are usually critically ill, and the disease is difficult to cure. the pnnl team hypothesized that a. fumigatus uses human serum, the clear fluid that remains after blood is allowed to clot, as a nutrient and that enzyme activity within the serum impacts the organism ' s metabolism, nutrient sensing, and scavenging response within an immunocompromised host environment. they simultaneously used two novel activity - based chemical probes they designed and constructed to target the reactivity of a. fumigatus during growth. the team found that probe - protein reactivity changes in the presence or absence of human serum. the information provides valuable insight into how a. fumigatus survives in a host environment on a fundamental level. during the course of ia, the fungus ' filamentous structure breaches host tissue and interacts with serum, where it readily grows because of its unique ability to extract iron from human transferrin in an iron - limited environment. furthermore, a. fumigatus can use serum proteins as building blocks for growth, but the full effect of serum on its cellular processes and its relevance to disease are not fully understood. " we are demonstrating that we can compare two systems or one organism under multiple conditions to tease out more information about protein regulation, " said dr. susan wi


the full effect of serum on its cellular processes and its relevance to disease are not fully understood. " we are demonstrating that we can compare two systems or one organism under multiple conditions to tease out more information about protein regulation, " said dr. susan wiedner, a pnnl linus pauling distinguished postdoctoral fellow, and lead author of the paper published in the journal of biological chemistry. the scientists wanted to determine which proteins interact with a small - molecule activity - based probe. " we found that under two different growth conditions, the number and identity of proteins that interact with the probes change drastically, " said wiedner. " we could measure the abundance of probe - labeled proteins by liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry ( lc - ms ) - based proteomics and see profiles of labeled proteins based on growth condition. " methods : various approaches to lc - ms - based proteomics have emerged. in a typical global analysis, thousands of proteins are measured from a complex proteome. however, by using abpp, scientists can target a subset of a few hundred proteins from the complex proteome. " abpp is a more directed approach than using global proteomics, " said wiedner. " we can look at the difference of probe - labeled protein abundances among various systems and conditions. this then tells us more about the system ' s biology, such as the differences between probe - reactivity of metabolic proteins. some fungal proteins interact more with the probe in the presence of human serum, which tells us something about what metabolism might be doing under those conditions. " a direct comparison of a global analysis and an abpp analysis showed differences in measured proteins detected by abpp that were not detected by global analysis. in turn, this can lead to more in - depth studies such as generating gene knock - out mutants and performing enzymatic assays, all of which could be used to develop effective treatments and detection of ia. over the last two decades, abpp development has been a growing but still - small field. pnnl has one of the groups working on this, led by pnnl chemist dr. aaron wright, senior author on this paper. see sidebar for description. enlarge image what ' s next : currently, pnnl scientists are developing abpp probes and supporting bioinformatics capabilities to measure cellulose degradation in microbial communities. abpp can be useful for a variety of things including target validation of drug candidates and protein inhibitor discovery


currently, pnnl scientists are developing abpp probes and supporting bioinformatics capabilities to measure cellulose degradation in microbial communities. abpp can be useful for a variety of things including target validation of drug candidates and protein inhibitor discovery. said wright, " probes can compete with known drugs for protein - binding sites, which results in drug target and drug off - target validation. some probes are broad, like those used in this study. but some can be very selective for an enzyme class. we can design the probe based on the enzyme class being targeted. we used a multiplexed approach here, where two probes were used simultaneously to target more than one type of protein. previous studies only use one abp at a time for proteome analysis. " sponsors : the work was funded by the national institutes of health ' s national center for research resources and national institute of general medical sciences, and pnnl ' s laboratory directed research and development program. the work used instrumentation and capabilities developed under support from nih and the u. s. department of energy office of biological and environmental research ( doe - ber ). work was performed in the environmental molecular sciences laboratory, a doe - ber national scientific user facility at pnnl. widener was supported by pnnl ' s linus pauling distinguished postdoctoral fellowship. user facility : emsl research team : susan wiedner, aaron wright, kristin burnum, leeanna pederson, lindsey anderson, suereta fortuin, lacie chauvigne - hines, anil shukla, charles ansong, ellen panisko, and richard d. smith, all pnnl. pederson was a suli intern, and fortuin was a visiting scientist from the university of stellenbosch, south africa. reference : wiedner sd, ke burnum, lm pederson, ln anderson, s fortuin, lm chauvigne - hines, ak shukla, c ansong, ea panisko, rd smith, and at wright. 2012. " multiplexed activity - based protein profiling of the human pathogen aspergillus fumigatus reveals large functional changes upon exposure to human serum. " the journal of biological chemistry 287 ( 40 ) : 33447 - 33459. doi : 10. 1074 / jbc. m112. 394106.


he training of police officers in the last century focused mainly on the physical aspects of the job. officers were expected to be reactive, appearing in a community only when a situation had gotten out of control. they adhered to a militaristic chain of command and were not encouraged to find creative solutions to neighbor - hood problems. in that milieu, many departments considered a high school degree all the academic preparation that was necessary to be an efficient officer. but as the new century brings new challenges and new opportunities for police officers, it also requires the police profession as a whole to reevaluate its educational requirements. the change " when i became an arlington, texas, police officer in 1983, officers were expected to be submissive to authority and follow policy and supervisory directions, " recalls theron bowman, now police chief of arlington. " policies attempted to address every conceivable situation so as to release officers from the necessity of thinking for themselves. decisions were made at the top of the organization. communication flowed mostly one - way : from the top down. that authoritarian style of management stifled creativity and innovation but was necessary when employees were expected to fail. today, we have greater respect for the autonomy of police officers. we recognize that police officers must be able to understand and apply the law, the nature of social problems, and the psychology of the persons whose attitude toward the law may differ from theirs. " 2 the current emphasis on community policing requires today ' s officer to be proactive, working together with local residents to ensure a neighborhood ' s quality of life. community officers are no longer expected simply to show up to make arrests but are required to have the skills necessary to keep minor situations from escalating into major ones. to mesh effectively with the court system, officers must have a solid understanding of constitutional issues and a commitment to keep up with judicial rulings that affect police. in addition to knowledge of weapons and police procedure, today ' s officer must be sensitive to social issues, be a good communicator, and be skilled in conflict resolution. these higher - level skills require a higher level of education than was previously necessary. " it is important that criminal justice practitioners earn at least a bachelor ' s degree, " notes dr. susan hilal, assistant professor of criminal justice at the university of wisconsin - platteville. " among other things, it allows students to become better critical thinkers, improve on their writing and oral skills, and have a broader perspective of the world. criminal justice agencies can teach new hires the technical side


at the university of wisconsin - platteville. " among other things, it allows students to become better critical thinkers, improve on their writing and oral skills, and have a broader perspective of the world. criminal justice agencies can teach new hires the technical side of the job. it is much harder to teach new recruits how to think, speak, and write critically. " the importance of requiring some college education for police officers is highlighted by research that indicates that more educated officers are less likely to be disciplined for unprofessional behavior. in a study con - ducted in florida, researchers reviewed the disciplinary records of that state ' s police officers from 1997 to 2002. they discovered that officers whose highest educational attainment was a high school diploma constituted 58 percent of florida ' s officers but were the subjects of 75 percent of the disciplinary measures. 3 a similar study in new york city found that of the officers arrested for corruption from 1993 to 1997, 86 percent had less than two years of college education. 4 obtaining a degree nationally, more law enforcement agencies are requiring at least some college for their new hires and advanced degrees for those seeking promotions, motivating many experienced officers to consider returning to school. but upgrading professional skills can be difficult for working adults who must deal with unpredictable shifts, time - consuming commutes to school, and family obligations. in fact, these obstacles can make earning an advanced degree in a traditional campus program nearly impossible. for many officers, earning a degree online may be the only realistic choice. studying at a distance often requires more self - motivation than attending cam - pus courses, but the flexible schedule allows nontraditional students to more easily meet work and family obligations. many online programs employ asynchronous communication, which means that students are free to enter the virtual classroom at any time of the day that is convenient for them. although online courses may seem to be a solitary learning experience, many online students are surprised to learn that they can join a virtual classroom community through e - mail and discussion boards. because the students and the instructor are likely to live n different parts of the country - or different countries - there is an added opportunity for professionals to network with others in their field. courses often include some type of group experience, such as collaborative projects, that allow students to interact across the miles. deb rice, 2004 alumna of the university of wisconsin - platteville ' s master of criminal justice program, notes that the diverse group of students she encountered in her online courses impressed her. " i had federal


to interact across the miles. deb rice, 2004 alumna of the university of wisconsin - platteville ' s master of criminal justice program, notes that the diverse group of students she encountered in her online courses impressed her. " i had federal correctional officers, juvenile workers, state and federal probation officers, fbi agents, police officers, and private security officers in my classes, " she says. " distance learning is the only way this diverse population would be in your classroom. you really get to know your classmates, even though i have never met them in person. " despite its many benefits, learning at a distance is not easy and is not for every - one. successful distance learners must be highly motivated, independent, and self - disciplined. good organizational and time management skills are vital, as students are generally responsible for making and keeping their own schedules. without a strong sense of commitment to keep them going, the path to an advanced degree may seem too distant for some. self - rewards for keeping to a schedule are important, as is free time spent alone and with family and friends. basic computer skills are generally necessary before pursuing an online education. many online degree programs offer sample courses for prospective students to try before committing to the format. one such sample course can be viewed at ( http : / / learn. wisconsin. edu / course. asp ). like most fields, online education has its share of fly - by - night providers. unfortunately, anyone can offer an online school and many unscrupulous companies compete to lure unsuspecting students to their web sites. fraudulent schools often have legitimate - looking web sites and professional - looking brochures. they may even advertise in mainstream magazines and newspapers. some go so far as to announce that they are accredited, but further investigation reveals that the accrediting body is either fictitious or not recognized by any official education agency. it is a good idea to research a school ' s accreditation and its history before enrolling. beware of so - called diploma mills that offer degrees for lots of money and little work. to avoid wasting time and money on a degree that will not be accepted by other schools or by prospective employers, investigate accreditation and licensing before enrolling in any distance - learning program. a visit to a site such as ( geteducated. com ) - an online clearinghouse for legitimate distance learning programs - is crucial before deciding on an online school. those wishing to verify a school ' s accreditation may wish to visit the diploma mill police at ( www


such as ( geteducated. com ) - an online clearinghouse for legitimate distance learning programs - is crucial before deciding on an online school. those wishing to verify a school ' s accreditation may wish to visit the diploma mill police at ( www. geteducated. com / services / diplomamillpolice. asp ). ■ 1 dale keiger, " top cops hit the books, " john hopkins magazine ( june 1997 ), ( www. jhu. edu / ~ jhumag / 0697web / cops. html ), may 5, 2006. 2 theron bowman, " diversity, education, and professionalism : arlington ' s path to excellence in policing, " lecture, heritage foundation, washington, d. c., october 24, 2001, ( www. heritage. org / research / crime / hl719. cfm ), june 21, 2006. 3 scott cunningham, panel discussion, 110th annual iacp conference, october 2003, ( www. police - association. org / library / presentations / law _ enforcement. html ), may 6, 2006. 4 police association for college education, " studies, case law, quotes, standards and trends in support of a college education for police officers, " march 18, 2004, ( www. police - association. org / library / articles / information _ paper. html ), may 6, 2006.