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Sunday, January 11, 2009
How Come No Posts?
I have to admit to you that I've kind of dropped the ball on posting. It is a matter of attitude, I suppose. Either I've had no particular interest in the news stories or I do and have nothing particularly illuminating to say.
I'll give a couple examples.
Israel and Gaza are a big story, well here's the deal - I don't have a dog in that fight, I think both sides are assholes who couldn't have done a better job of ensuring conflict if they'd set out to do that. I do not mean over the past few months, for many decades. You can stick fault in your ear, it doesn't matter, fixing what's wrong matters. I've watched folks run all over hell's half acre with their hair on fire fixing blame and they are exactly why this won't get fixed. Yes, I include our government in that equation.
Sarah Palin? I don't do humor well enough to mock her sufficiently and any other reaction is just silly.
Bush and Cheney revisionism? Well, cripes, if you're reading this site you're an obvious political junkie and have some idea what's going on and been going on. So I can refrain from calling them lying sacks.
Obama seems to be making pretty smart choices for his administration and since they haven't done a damn thing yet to praise or damn... I suppose I could scoff at right wing blogs, but I'd have to read the damn things and besides, is it something new that the Republican Party is spiraling into weirdness?
Well, I'll see if I can come up with something...or if the world will.
1 comment:
Kevin said...
I can certainly relate to what you're saying about the Gaza conflict. But, personally, I can't not write about it.
I write about what I feel passionately about and I feel more passionately about this than just about anything else. The same was true during the 2006 War on Lebanon, except that then I divided my venting between two different blogs and now it's just on one blog.
I do however try to break it up with other content.
That said... It seems to me that we all have at least one dog in the Gaza fight, even if it's just to criticize the fact that our tax dollars are funding one side and our national political leaders are (largely) uncritically endorsing one side.
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Mon, Jan 28, 2013 | 12:29 GMT
Berners-Lee calls for computer science education at a younger age
Accredited with creating the World Wide Web, Tim Berners-Lee Knows a thing or two about the possibilities of computer coding. In a new new interview, Berners-Lee has called for an increase in computer science education at a younger age, to help children develop greater understanding of what makes computers tick, and how to code new applications and even games themselves.
Speaking in a video interview with World Economic Forum, Berners-Lee cautioned that while millions are using computer programs and using services like Twitter and Facebook, a low percentage of those users actually know how to code, or to understand why these tools and services work the way they do.
“A quarter of the planet uses the web,” he cautioned, “then within this quarter of people who may tweet and use social networks and so on, there’s a fairly small set of people who code. But when you look at those people, they have the ability to make a computer do whatever they can imagine.
Berners-Lee also discussed the nature of IT education in schools, and criticised teaching bodies for giving children classes on how to use Microsoft Word, instead of teaching them how to get the most of of computers technically, or giving them the knowledge to code themselves.
He added, “I think we have to be careful about prejudging what’s good and what’s bad in certain things. But learning to understand a computer, learning actually how a computer ticks and being able to program it is in fact a high idea.
What do you think? Are kids now becoming so naturally proficient at using computers that basic IT courses are wasted? Should coding be taught in schools at a deeper level? Let us know below.
Thanks to Develop for the transcription.
28/01/13, 12:56 pm
Game development should be taught at an early age. It touches a lot of main subjects such as Math/Science/Art.
Applying maths/physics to video games made me far more interested in learning them. I’m even into the history of math/science now, reading about Newton/Euler/etc.
28/01/13, 7:34 pm
Salute to this guy. One of the most important person of previous century.
29/01/13, 6:38 am
I think most kids would resist programming lessons as they are, but could really benefit from simple game designing tools like (I’m dating myself here) Klik & Play. There must be something like that around now, but it seems it’s very rare. Just something that let them drop in a few actor objects and add some script to define their behaviour could kindle an interest in the ones with potential in this area, I think. Then they could move on from there, while others would just sort of remember basic concepts, like basic music lessons or foreign languages that are only compulsory at beginner levels.
29/01/13, 9:20 am
Reel them in with something which doesn’t seem like programming is a good idea. I did a day at a primary school once where we brought Lego Mindstorm kits and laptops with us. We spent a good part of the day building robots/vehicles and then some time trying to program them to move around. The software was a bit archaic even then but the principles were good, what they were doing was essentially programming. It worked really well and the kids were engaged by different aspects. What I found interesting was that the boys tended to be attracted to the building part of the exercise and the girls were noticeably better at understanding and executing the programming side.
29/01/13, 11:20 pm
@5 Interesting. I don’t know if that’s a larger overall trend (I certainly don’t know of many female programmers anywhere in the world, though I worked with one very good database analyst) but your story makes me think of Ada Lovelace and how she contributed quite significantly to the programming for Charles Babbage’s difference engine, correcting his own logic sometimes.
30/01/13, 5:21 pm
Great article and kids today need math as that is the base. They need to memorize mathematical problems so they can build the left brain. Teach them the concept of IPO, input-Process-Output, and that at the transistor level, all computers are created equal. Demand they understand not only the decimal numbering system, but the binary numbering system too. Math is the base to learning and living in a technology world, and learning about computers (technology) needs to be fun. Bring back the lab, and the 8-bit processor and teach some assembly language, and drive some DC current to a bread board and learn about resistance and how that effects current, and turn on some LED’s, and design a traffic intersection and control the traffic lights. Every kid getting out of 6th grade should know this. Then move them on to learn to address the real problems we face. Every day 10,000 people turn 60 and with older age comes vision loss, and technology isolation. Millions of older adults will need an EASY GUI, or often called ezGUI, and we need the next generation to understand the problems and encourage them to solve the problem. If you learn to love math, you will enjoy the challenge to solve technical problems. Not everybody is a programmer, but everybody needs to learn the base which all programmers need.
Da Man
30/01/13, 5:24 pm
Also, they should start by teaching kids how to use paragraphs.
30/01/13, 5:29 pm
That is part of the same problem. Lack of education.
30/01/13, 8:19 pm
I think the idea of getting kids into programming is a good and feasible one. I am directing the Scalable Game Design project and involved in a study funded by the National Science Foundation with over 10,000 students (elementary, middle and high school) indicating that students are not only motivated across gender and ethnicity but also that they acquire skills through game design which, later, they can apply towards science simulation building. Some links:
- The Scalable Game Design strategy:
- project summary:
- see sample 2D and 3D games and run in browser:
09/02/13, 10:23 pm
Khan Academy has some great introductory computer science materials.
Leave a Reply
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Thursday, December 16, 2010
The Conservative Case for the Pardon Power
Right On Crime (added to our blog listing) is a new site which claims to focus on "Conservative" views of the criminal justice system. In particular, it takes an interest in reducing crime, reducing the costs of criminal justice, reforming past offenders, restoring victims and protecting communities. In its Statement of Principles, the site notes that "Conservatives are known for being tough on crime," but argues it is also vital to achieve "a cost-effective system that protects citizens, restores victims, and reforms wrongdoers." In addition:
The corrections system should emphasize public safety, personal responsibility, work, restitution, community service, and treatment—both in probation and parole, which supervise most offenders, and in prisons. An ideal criminal justice system works to reform amenable offenders who will return to society through harnessing the power of families, charities, faith-based groups, and communities.
With these very concerns (and others) in mind, here are some reasons why Conservatives should favor well-articulated clemency policies which 1) regularize the process and minimize the tendency toward last-minute blitzes 2) restore a proper balance between the branches of government 3) address the specific concerns of Conservatives and 4) re-educate the American public as to the significance of the pardon power:
Reason 1: The pardon power is explicitly vested in the President of the United States by Article II, Section 2 of the United States Constitution. It is not derived from a so-called "elastic clause" or inferred from penumbras emanating from the Bill of Rights. The pardon power is not the result of a "test" imposed by judicial fiat, or a goal-oriented construction of the traditions and conscience of the people, or tortured divination of what is implicit in the concept of ordered liberty. It is a power explicitly granted and as firmly entrenched in the Constitution as the provisions creating a House and Senate and the federal judiciary.
Reason 3: The pardon power is not a fetish of ancient monarchs that accidentally crept its way into the Constitution. It is an important part of our system of checks and balances. Although political scientists have long recognized that our government more accurately features "shared" powers (as opposed to truly "separated" powers), the fact of the matter is that each branch has its unassailable weapon in the system of checks and balances. The Supreme Court has judicial review. Congress has the spending power. The president has the pardon power. For centuries, pardons have made up for the lack of flexibility in laws, anticipating - long before Congress - such considerations as reformation and rehabilitation, the juvenile status of offenders, the possibility of insanity, the considerable costs of incarceration, degrees of guilt in relation to murder, etc. Of course, pardons have also been used to blunt the impact of imperfect decision making in the judicial branch. To be sure, Conservative Presidents - for whatever reason - can neglect this power. But they do so at a cost to our political system and in direct contradiction to the intent of the Founding Fathers.
Reason 4: Conservatives have long recognized the importance of incentives, even in the arena of crime and criminal justice. But the public (and, evidently, most in the news media) doesn't seem to be aware of the fact that the typical (as in well over 95 percent) recipient of a presidential (or gubernatorial) pardon, today (and for the last several decades), is someone who has already served their time (if there was any time to serve), has taken care of all associated fines and penalties, and has integrated back into the community as a law-abiding citizen. That is to say, presidential pardons are not springing hardened professional gangland criminals from our prisons and tossing them into the streets, or overturning the judgement of judges and juries. The impact of pardons is to simply restore the civil rights of applicants. The pardon allows them to vote again, serve on a jury, run for public office, own a hunting rifle, etc. The problem is, today, the typical presidential pardon is also granted more than two decades after the offense, when the applicant is probably in his/her 60's or 70's. This, in itself, prompts many to ask, "Why bother? Why does a person even want a pardon?" It is clear that presidential pardons, if granted on a more regular basis, and in a more relevant manner, could provide powerful incentives for hopeful recipients to demonstrate just the kind of reform Conservatives (and every American) should desire.
Reason 5: "Controversial" acts of clemency get the lion's share of attention from the news media, and reasonably so. But this kind of attention invariably warps the public's general perception of pardons and, to some extent, the perceptions of politicians (who tend to view pardons as huge political risks requiring some grand expenditure of political capital). But Conservatives should give a long hard look at recent pardon "controversies." Yes, Democratic presidents have dropped some stink bombs along the way. But, on the Republican side, there is Richard Nixon, the Iran-Contra figures, Scooter Libby, etc. These pardons have all had a distinct "political" feel to them. Indeed, along the way, Republicans frequently expressed concern that Democrats were hunting for "show trials" and "criminalizing" policy differences. If there is even the slightest element of truth to these claims, we must seriously ask: Where would this country be, today, without the pardon power?
Reason 6: Conservatives and Liberals may differ as to the effectiveness of the War on Drugs, but no one doubts that it has failed to accomplish all that was hoped for and that it is very costly. Recently, Democrats and Republicans rolled back the 100 to 1 disparity in crack cocaine sentencing, reducing the ratio to 18 to 1. While the criminal justice system is likely to be more fair, as a result, even the most basic notions of justice (Conservative or Liberal) demand that we now consider the circumstances of those who were convicted under the previous legislation (almost 30,000 inmates). Congress has probably done all that it is going to do in this matter. It is the president who should now consider the careful, systematic use of the pardon power (or, more specifically, commutations of sentence) in individual cases - at a minimum - for first time, non-violent offenders who have already served considerable sentences and show evidence of rehabilitation (just as an example). In addition to approximating fairness, such use of the pardon power could save tax payers millions of dollars.
Reason 7: In recent years, some Conservatives have rethought their position on the death penalty. On the surface, it does seem quite odd that an ideology which seems to instinctively distrust the government would express such enthusiastic support for a process like capital punishment. Conservatives loath the growth of government and the expansion of its power. Catch phrases like "the nanny state" and "over-criminalization" are often employed by Conservative columnists. Or, in the very words of Right on Crime:
In addition to the profusion of federal statutory crimes, there are additional state crimes (Texas alone has over 1,700), and federal regulatory offenses (approximately 300,000). The creation of these often unknowable and redundant crimes, the federalization of certain crimes traditionally prosecuted at the state level, and the removal of traditional mens rea requirements all contribute to a relentless trend known as overcriminalization.
Message to Conservatives: When George Washington worried that the government's charges of treason against the Whiskey Rebels were too Draconian, he pardoned them. When Thomas Jefferson thought the Alien Sedition Acts went too far, he promised, if elected, to pardon those who were convicted. As soon as he became president he pardoned the last individuals who were still being held for writing bad things about John Adams. When Woodrow Wilson had his veto of the Volstead Act overridden, he set records for pardons of individuals who violated drug and alcohol laws. When John F. Kennedy thought mandatory minimum sentences for drug offenders were too harsh, he granted pardons accordingly. Jimmy Carter promised a blanket amnesty for Vietnam draft offenders and delivered. It is quite obvious that, if Conservative presidents (and governors) ever decide to get serious about addressing the problems associated with government overreach, the pardon power is there, waiting.
Reason 8: Since the "law and order" campaigns of Richard Nixon, Conservatives have placed every seemingly "soft on crime" politician on the radar. When crime was among the highest concerns of Americans in Gallup polls (the 1960s and 1970s), it was clearly a strategy that worked, at many levels. Would Conservative presidents be going "soft" on crime if they granted pardons - as most presidents have throughout history - frequently, and on a regular basis throughout, the calendar year? There is certainly no doubt that someone, somewhere will make the accusation, especially if a single pardon recipient (out of no matter how many hundreds, or thousands) commits an additional offense. On the other hand, if pardons are granted more frequently, and on a regular basis, the American public (and the media) will quickly learn what has largely been forgotten: again, the typical pardon does not spring anyone from prison. It simply restores rights. An additional benefit of a more regular use of the pardon power is that pardons granted to the president's friends, fellow partisans and political supporters (all of which deserve justice and fair consideration as much as anyone else) will appear less significant. In general, the fewer pardons granted, the more obnoxious such pardons will appear (rightly or wrongly).
Should Conservatives take the lead on this matter? Should they take the risk, when it is much easier to simply do nothing? For the sake of the purity of our political system, in order to benefit from the wisdom of our Founding Fathers, in order to pursue justice and economic efficiency in the criminal justice system and in order to better articulate concerns with / and combat the ever invasive expansion of government ... the answer is clearly "yes."
Anonymous said...
Best article Ive seen on the subject. Been following this blog for a couple years now, & this piece covered all the issues. Bravo...
Anonymous said...
Thank you Mr. Ruckman. Restoration of one's right is an act of humanity, and a fair consideration of justice.
beth said...
As usual you cover all the bases with logic
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2006 Extra Mile Awards
We're once again praising the folks who, through innovations introduced over the past 12 months, have made travelers' lives easier, more enjoyable, and just plain better. As a reward for their good deeds, this year's winners receive a pat on the back and an invite to our fancy awards dinner at The Modern restaurant in New York City--not to mention one highly coveted snow globe.
JetBlue Airways: On long flights, the little things make a big difference
Rather than removing amenities and nickel-and-diming customers with $7 sandwiches and $25 excess baggage charges, JetBlue actually added perks. The airline gives every passenger on an overnight flight a free Bliss Spa kit with earplugs, eye masks, mint lip balm, and a small tube of lemon-and-sage body butter moisturizer. Passengers on red-eye flights--or "shut-eyes," in JetBlue parlance--receive lemon-scented hot towels prior to landing, too. "We wanted to bring humanity back into travel," says Eric Brinker, JetBlue's director of brand management and customer experience.
JetBlue also introduced a self-serve snack pantry on all cross-country routes. Whenever passengers feel like it (and the seat-belt sign is off), they may head to the back of the plane to help themselves to Terra Blues chips, Doritos Munchies Mix, and more. "They can take what they want without feeling like they're going to get their hand slapped," says Brinker.
Westin Hotels & Resorts: A breath of fresh air in the hotel industry
After conducting a survey that showed 92 percent of its guests request non-smoking rooms, Westin became the first major U.S. hotel chain to ban smoking in all 77 of its North American properties--not just in rooms, but also in bars and restaurants. Before the policy went into effect in January, every one of Westin's 2,400 previously smoking rooms was thoroughly de-smoked: Bedding, pillows, drapes, and air-conditioning filters were replaced; walls, carpets, and other surfaces were treated to eliminate allergens and smells. "It was a nervous decision and it was a huge deal, but I think the gamble paid off," says Sue Brush, senior vice president at Westin. It sure seems so: Not only did the chain receive a lot of positive guest feedback, but other industry players have followed suit. All Marriott hotels in the U.S. and Canada--comprising nearly 400,000 guest rooms--have likewise banned smoking.
Eos Airlines: First-class treatment that extends out onto the sidewalk
With 48 fully reclining seats on a plane that could accommodate 220 passengers, Eos offers a luxurious way to cross the Atlantic. What's most impressive is that the plush treatment begins before passengers even get on board. "We take an end-to-end approach," says David Spurlock, Eos's founder and chief strategic officer. "It's not just about the in-flight experience." The airline, which began flying its sole route between New York JFK and London Stansted last October, originally asked passengers running late to call so that an Eos representative could meet them at their car and speed them through check-in and security. The curbside greeting--which enabled passengers to arrive at the airport only 45 minutes before departure--proved to be so popular that Eos made it standard practice. "Our passengers keep hectic schedules, and it's our job to minimize the impact of traveling," says Spurlock. "They're just blown away that an airline actually cares."
Transport for London: A pricey city is helping families out
Every government claims to want to help children and encourage public transportation. Last September, the city of London actually did something. Mayor Ken Livingstone's government made riding city buses and trams free for kids under 16 (recently extended to all full-time students 17 and under). And, since April, kids under 11 can use the subway for free, so long as they're accompanied by a paying adult during off-peak hours--all day on weekends and after 9:30 A.M. on weekdays. When anyone 18 or over shows a valid ticket, up to four kids can tag along for free. "Staff have been advised to question the accompanying adult at the time of travel, and generally take their word that the child is under 11," says Peter Legg, ticketing policy manager at Transport for London, the city's public transportation authority.
Paris, France: For those times when having exact change isn't top of mind
When you need to use a restroom in a big city, there are usually two courses of action: Beg at a hotel or restaurant, or track down the elusive public toilet. If you wind up at the latter, you might be required to insert a few coins--which is downright maddening if you don't have correct change handy. (Finding a store that'll make change might prove harder than begging a café owner to take pity on you.) In January, Paris's city council voted to eliminate fees at 420 self-cleaning toilets conveniently located on sidewalks all over town. "The council decided that public use was more important than any loss of income from the coin-operated toilets," says Laurent Queige, cabinet director for the deputy mayor in charge of tourism. "To use them now, you just push the door," says Queige.
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Offshore investing and Private Banking
08 Nov
HSBC Private Bank building on St James's Street, London, England
HSBC Private Bank building on St James’s Street, London, England
The term ‘private banking’ is becoming so prolific that it’s close to losing the prestige that once connected to the intensely secret relations between a bank and its wealthy clients. Traditionally, international banks have required a minimum deposit of $100,000 to ear preferential treatment but over the past years this minimum has been reduced to amounts as low as $10,000. Banks have realized over time that cultivating relationships with the smaller investor is worth the effort in the hopes that he will have a larger excess of cash to invest in the future.
Most private banking is now seen as an entry into investment management versus the familial relationship with a banker you personally trust with your money. Those more personal relationships are reserved for the extremely wealthy with minimum $10M more often than for more moderate investors. While private banking does not necessarily mean offshore it is a very common offshore investment opportunity. When you are looking for a bank that is offering a customized relationship you need to understand what the bank is offering and how they hope to benefit through their service.
Private banking is more than just offshore investment it means fees for services rendered. You want to be clear that you will be investing a large enough sum to afford a profit once the banking fees have been covered. The bank can profit through offering bridge financing or providing transit for large funding amounts. The bank may continue to develop a relationship with you in hopes of a more substantial investment from you down the road. You need to always remember that your initial involvement will simply be that of a client with his financial advisor.
Ensuring that your investments are legal at home and in the country within which you will be banking. Some countries require that residency guidelines be met before an investment or deposit can be made through one of their banking establishments. You must remember that in most countries you must still report earnings from investments in offshore bank accounts and many countries require the reporting of these offshore accounts as financial assets. Because of this most offshore banks require that you sign documentation acknowledging that they will either withhold tax or exchange information with your country of residence. If a bank is not licensed in your home country it may not be allowed to offer you an account at all. You will be held responsible for abiding by the laws of the country where you reside.
Finding an offshore bank with an investment platform that you can believe in may pose a lengthy search. It is best to approach associates who have a history with different banking establishments for recommendations rather than to rely upon received advertisements. There are also many quality internet websites that offer reviews of services provided by offshore banks. It is important to ensure that they bank you choose has a well-established provider in the country where you want to invest.
Several jurisdictions offer a choice of banking establishments that could meet your needs. The Cook Islands, Bahamas, Luxembourg, the Cayman Islands, and Hong Kong are but a few of the countries that can meet your legal and banking needs. These countries offer well-established systems of international banking with a variety of banks to offer services to you.
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comments_image Comments
Debris Headed to a Beach Near You? Sailors Track Tsunami's Destruction from Japan to US
In one event, an estimated 3 billion pounds of buoyant debris washed from Japan’s shores. Here's a firsthand account of where some of that went.
Photo Credit: Lindsey Hoshaw
You can view a photo slideshow by Stiv Wilson of his journey here on AlterNet.
One March 11, 2011 a tsunami devastated Japan’s northern prefectures causing one of the worst human and environmental catastrophes in modern history. The images of chaos and destruction were broadcast around the world, depicting one of the most awful natural disasters conceivable--a standing wave between 30-133 feet high traveling at 500 mph across the ocean, reaching as far as 6 miles inland. Such opulent power triggers something primeval in us—the survivalist—one can’t but help to place himself on a street, imagining what that wave would look like roaring down it at him. Oh the horror.
Still, over a year later, the public imagination is transfixed by the event as tsunami debris has begun to land on the shores of North America. Everyday, several stories emerge about agency cleanup efforts and curious flotsam. Fox News, for their part, in a startling moment of insensitivity said, “Who is going to pay for this cleanup? How about the Japanese, it’s theirgarbage.”
In one event, an estimated 3 billion pounds of buoyant debris washed from Japan’s shores. Researchers from the International Pacific Research Institute (IRPC) in Hawaii created animated graphics predicting when the debris will make landfall on the other side of the Pacific. One of the men responsible for making this happen, a hitherto relatively obscure researcher named Nikolai Maximenko found himself inundated by hungry press wanting to know when debris would arrive.
But never mind the fact that the press had barely heard of the IRPC before the tsunami, nor has the public looked at all the other IRPC models depicting 5 oceanic gyres where debris constantly collects and has increased in density over 100 times in the past 40 years. Never mind that the last best study that estimates how much garbage washes out to sea every year was done in 1975 when world population was a little more than half of what it is now. Forget, too, that plastic production was only a fraction of today’s consumption and that 90% of what floats in the ocean is plastic. Discard, too, that the study only includes maritime inputs (garbage from ships, not land based) and equates to 14 billion pounds. With all the vectors by which we trash our seas, it seems a good bet that almost 3 billion pounds of garbage leaves land almost everyday.
But tsunami debris is special; special because it was taken by a wave, connected to humans, and not haphazardly littered on the beach, by a river, or in the gutter. In Oregon, where a length of dock washed up on Agate Beach near Newport, disaster tourism is so prevalent that county officials were reluctant to see the dock removed, citing the boost to the local economy from disaster beachcombers. In Port Orchard, Washington, a fishing float that may or may not be tsunami debris is on sale at a local shop for $400. How long until this stuff is on Ebay?
Landing in Japan
This spring I joined an expedition organized by the 5 Gyres Institute and Algalita Marine Research Foundation to sail from Tokyo to Oahu to observe and study the tsunami debris field. The scientific goals of the expedition were to: assess how the computer models generated by IRPC and others reconciled with empirical observation from sea, gather baseline data for plastic density in the understudied western half of the North Pacific Garbage Patch, understand the speed of photo-degradation of plastics in to small pieces in the ocean, and to assess the threat posed by invasive species hitching a ride across the sea.
But beyond the science, the expedition team traveled to the tsunami affected north of Japan to seek a metaphorical alpha point for the voyage. Near Sendai, in the northern prefectures next to where the Fukushima meltdown occurred, the land was quiet, nearly deserted as the government had just opened the area, citing acceptable levels of radiation. Geiger counters could be bought just about anywhere, and we had procured a cheap version from a local 7/11 just to be safe.
The landscape was decimated, haunting. Here there were untold amounts of destroyed rice fields, thousands of empty house foundations, lost neighborhoods, and walking through the destruction was akin to stepping into the first chapters of Alan Weisman’s The World Without Us.Streets abruptly ended at cliffs above new streams and tributaries. Scattered everywhere were all manner of human effects: children’s stuffed animals, toys, kitchen supplies, picture-less frames. Along the side of the road were piles and piles of debris that had been sorted by type. Things like mattresses were piled 50 feet high and a quarter mile long as well as toilets, metal, concrete, cars, wood, glass. The constant hum of heavy equipment burning diesel could be heard as slowly, painstakingly, Japan dug out from a topography-altering catastrophe. But where the debris would go was in question—protests in other prefectures had erupted as no one wanted potentially radiated tsunami debris in their own backyard. On the beach was plastic, stratified in the sand by wind, and I couldn’t help but note that even after a tsunami, I saw less plastic trash on this beach than ones I’d seen in Nicaragua, South Africa, and Portugal.
Our team volunteered to help with disaster relief, agreeing to spend a day digging out a woman’s house from a mudslide that buried one side of it. At first, the Japanese officials overseeing the volunteers were skeptical of us: what was this rag tag group of artists, photographers, scientists, journalists and activists doing here? But one thing translates beyond any language barrier: hard work. We labored for hours digging mud and quickly we had won the hearts of our Japanese foreman. And after this breakthrough the formality dropped and they shared their personal stories of the tsunami as we sat and listen to them, silent. They told missives of loss, pollution and government infighting. They talked about the uncertain future of nuclear power in Japan.
But for all the sadness of their tales, one thing was certain: it was entirely un-Japanese to wallow in self-pity—no, the Japanese are incredibly strong culturally and are tirelessly working to rebuild their country. The two defining characteristics of the people we observed were resilience and efficiency. In fact, these people were years ahead already of where Hurricane Katrina relief was dropped years ago.
To Sea
On the coat tails of the first typhoon of season, Mawar, our team left Yokohama Harbor on June 11th bound for Hawaii, some 3,500 nautical miles away following Maximenko’s model of the tsunami debris field. In total, we had a crew of 12 aboard all cramped into a poorly ventilated sailing vessel, some 72 feet long. Our team included Brazilian, Australian, Swiss, Mexican, Bermudian, South Korean, USA and UK nationals. Skill sets varied from the artistic, to waste management professionals, coastal cleanup coordinators, journalists, photographers, filmmakers, professional sailors, and scientists all at the forefront of their fields. The model of the expedition is unlike other research voyages; this team was assembled to study not only the tsunami debris, but also the debris within the context of the larger anthropogenic pollution problem in the gyres and then communicate his or her experience to a global audience; all at different touch points and with different constituencies from opposite hemispheres of the brain. The shared ethos amongst the crew was this: one, a global problem requires a global response; two, the tragedy of the tsunami is an opportunity to educate on a bigger scale to a captive, engaged audience.
Within 12 hours of gaining the open ocean out of Tokyo Bay, bad weather was on us. Thirty knot winds, heavy seas and rain so hard visibility didn’t extend to the front of the ship. Conversations aboard considered the contingencies; tsunami debris present vs. small steel sailing ship steered in poor visibility. What are the limits of radar? How strong is the hull? To be safe, the watertight bulkhead door to the front of the ship remained closed at all times in case of a hull breach.
The ocean is big. There is no way to impress that fact upon someone who hasn’t crossed one. Statistics like the ocean covers 70% of the earth’s surface are meaningless to a population that on average ventures fewer than 40 miles from home, daily.
But when the math of the ocean’s size starts hitting the brain, finding flotsam in any quantity is alarming, especially when spotting garbage is at least a thousand times more common than seeing wildlife. The chief science officer, Dr. Marcus Eriksen of 5 Gyres, had arranged at-sea interviews with major news organizations about the voyage. Upon ‘finding’ the debris field, a theoretical place in space and time, perceived by much of the public and press to have an appearance of a contiguous mass, was where the major news organizations wanted their stories set. But most of them only wanted stories if we discovered exceptional debris like refrigerator trucks and severed appendages floated by shoes. Ordinary household effects like buckets, detergent bottles, and laundry baskets were ever present in the water, but distinguishing between regular pollution and tsunami pollution was difficult.
In fact, as part of the larger macro-debris studies while at sea, our crew participated in timed observations of the sea surface which involved two people sitting on the bow of the ship, one watching left, the other, right for an hour. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) developed a protocol for the activity where observers record and classify everything that floats past. After gathering 41 hours of data, the expedition’s results found that 98% of marine debris out there is plastic, and was seen every 3.6 minutes traveling at an average of around six knots over 3,500 nautical miles. Every 60 nautical miles we deployed a surface trawl, too, to gather micro-plastic debris present. Each sample, from a swath of ocean 60 centimeters by 25, yielded a handful of photo-degraded plastic confetti. Yikes.
If one considers the average home’s inventory, anywhere in the world, the majority of objects aren’t necessarily of any intrinsic or aesthetic value; they’re just synthetic forms made for utility meant to be discarded after a couple of uses. A water bottle that finds its way to a watershed has the same effect of losing one in a tsunami, scientifically speaking. Positively identifying tsunami debris is easier for the rarer objects in our lives, like spare tires, Harley Davidson’s, wall or flooring material, propane tanks and boats—the things that are rarely, if ever, littered or fall out of an overflowing garbage can.
Such were the things we found that we positively identified as tsunami debris, some 1,500 miles east of Japan—almost at exactly the same day the dock section washed up in Oregon, thousands of miles farther east. What’s the explanation? Scientifically, different objects travel at different speeds, depending on how much sticks out of the water and is affected by wind. But to try to develop a simulation that accounts for wind sheer and predicts how two like objects will travel is almost an exercise in futility. The North Pacific Ocean as a mechanism isn’t a very well known scientific story; it’s a variation on a theme. As Dr. Curtis Ebbesmeyer, author of Flotsametrics,told me in an analogy speaking about how the North Pacific works, “After you sweep your floor, you know where some of the dust bunnies will gather again--like in the corners, but others will form in places you never expected.” This is how the ocean works, he explained.
Discovering Tsunami Debris
“It’s a whale,” shouts someone from the foredeck. I jump out of my bunk, grab my camera and rush to the bow of the ship. Seeing anything other than garbage at sea is a major event. But as we drew closer on a calm ocean, the object we spotted was not organic. Bobbing in faint swell was the bow of boat, clearly marked with Japanese characters. We took the sails down and prepared to dive.
In the water, the rest of the boat was visible. Swimming 1,500 miles from Japan, in 10,000 feet of water observing an object that was ripped from its mooring haunted me to the core. Underwater, perhaps 50 fish had populated the boat, using it as shelter from predators. One species was a coral dwelling type, not an open ocean fish and it shouldn’t have been there at all. In the water, I could see the rope that was torn from the bow cleat when the wave hit. Where the other two thirds of the ship had gone was anyone’s guess. Only a few barnacles had inhabited the hull and fouling growth was minimal. “It’s likely that this boat was unattended when the tsunami hit,” said Dr. Eriksen, observing the frayed rope, piecing together, forensically what had happened. Both of us took solace in the likelihood that this object wasn’t connected to a human when it was ripped out to sea. Someone had lost a boat, but most likely, not a life. Using the registration number on the boat, broadcast through NHK, a Japanese news agency, we’re still trying to locate the owner.
Other objects we discovered that we positively identified as tsunami debris were a spare tire from a light truck, still inflated, never used. Most likely it had floated from the back of a truck when the wave withdrew. We also found a section of traditional Japanese flooring, called a Tatami mat. The original Tatami mats consist of woven reeds, straw interior and a cloth border. This modern version had Styrofoam added for cushioning or traction. This latter discovery hit the crew hard. This was someone’s home, an artifact that supported the movements of a household and all of us wondered the same thing: was anyone standing there when …?
I have now traveled to four of the five subtropical oceanic gyres or garbage patches as they’re called. I’ve pulled out tampon applicators, buckets, shotgun shells, syringes, lighters, bottle caps, toy soldiers—you name it—if it’s plastic and it floats, it’s out there. On this trip, we found a bottle cap, possibly from the tsunami that had sea anemones living in it—in the middle of the ocean! But the vast majority of garbage present isn’t there because of a tsunami. It’s there because of small, seemingly insignificant habits by individuals, you and me, that together as a world population have a tsunami’s effect worth of pollution.
The initial findings of the expedition posit this: the wave of tsunami debris won’t be a single event, it will be a slow steady trickle for years and years. Offshore of North America is a dominant phenomenon called the California Current. This current flows from north to south, keeping most of the ocean born plastic garbage off US beaches. When strong westerly flows occur, the ocean’s deposit is made on our sand, tsunami and otherwise. But finding a boat 2,500 miles east at the same time a dock washes up on a beach in Oregon means this: no one can really predict where it all is, or when it’s all going to land. Like plastic debris, some tsunami debris will spend years if not decades in the ocean before it’s spit out.
Back to Oregon
I arrived back to Agate Beach, Oregon, just in time to see the last bits of the Japanese dock being removed from the beach. Charlie Plybon, Oregon Field Manager for the Surfrider Foundation, said that 40,000 cars had visited the parking lot at Agate in one weekend; the usage statistics typical of several weeks. Calls and emails come to him everyday from all over the world, inquiring about tsunami debris asking every kind of tsunami sensationalist question imaginable. As Cylvia Hayes, First Lady of Oregon who is helping to facilitate a tsunami cleanup task force said to me, “The fact that tsunami debris from the tragedy in Japan is now washing up on the shores of Oregon is powerful evidence that our oceans connect us all and we all have a stake in their health. I think it’s very important to recognize that while the tsunami debris is extraordinary, it is only a fraction of the amount of plastic trash in our oceans. This is a serious problem that deserves serious action.” Indeed it is Cylvia, and I couldn’t agree more, I’ve been there.
Click here to see a photo slideshow by Stiv Wilson of his journey.
Stiv Wilson is a freelance journalist and communications and policy director for the 5 Gyres Institute, a global NGO working on plastic and chemical pollution in the world's oceans and watersheds.
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A chat with ... author/musician Patti Smith
Early Buzz: 'Stargate,' 'Top Chef,' 'Tron' and more headlines
16 things I learned from Sofia Coppola and Stephen Dorff
By Whitney Matheson, USA TODAY
Last night I attended a conversation featuring Somewhere director Sofia Coppola, star Stephen Dorff and moderator Jason Zinoman (from the New York Times).
The bulk of the talk was spent discussing Coppola's new film, which offers what Dorff called "the most challenging role of my career by far." To recap the 90-minute TimesTalks event, however, would offer several spoilers about scenes and plot elements that you probably don't want to read.
"Everybody has moments (where they) have to decide what kind of person they want to be," Coppola told us. That, in a nutshell, is the point of Somewhere. Below are 16 more things I learned from the evening. Some relate to the movie, others don't:
1. The Somewhere script is short. The film is light on dialogue; Coppola said the script is about half the length of an average script. "I feel like in life people rarely articulate what they mean," she said. Dorff: "I always find that scripts are overwritten."
2. Dorff has lived at the Chateau Marmont -- twice. The actor admitted that after the 1994 film Backbeat, he checked into the hotel for about three weeks ... until he realized he didn't exactly have the money to live at the Chateau. The second time he lived there was during shooting of Somewhere, which made production much easier.
3. The cast improvised. Coppola had Dorff, young co-star Elle Fanning and Lala Sloatman (who plays his ex) improv meals and fights so they could get to the place they needed in the film, which takes place after the pair has split.
4. Stephen has been to Color Me Mine. Coppola also had Dorff pick up Fanning from school one day and spend the afternoon with her as a bonding exercise. "(I'm thinking) I'm smokin' too much and my car smells," he told the crowd. The two ended up going to Pinkberry and the pottery-painting shop. They both made creations for Coppola, which she still has: a soapdish from Fanning and an ashtray from Dorff.
5. Motherhood influenced Somewhere. "I'd just had my first daughter, so I was thinking about how that changes your perspective and your priorities," Coppola said of writing the script.
6. Paper Moon influenced Somewhere. Coppola showed Dorff the film during production. She also watched Chantal Akerman's Jeanne Dielman (a movie with very long takes, similar to Somewhere).
7. Photographer Helmut Newton influenced Somewhere. "There's kind of a little flavor of Helmut's girls lingering about," Coppola said.
8. Coppola wanted a change after making Marie Antoinette. "After that, I really wanted to go do something small and intimate," she said. In contrast, the Somewhere crew was very small.
9. The word "locationships"? That means relationships you have on the set of a movie. Dorff said he hasn't had one.
10. Coppola is careful about music. In Somewhere, she said she tried to "only use music when the character would be listening to it."
11. Dorff's mother didn't like her son playing villains. "I know my mom's kinda smiling when she saw this movie," he said of his late mother. "This is exactly the kind of part she'd want me to play."
12. Dorff once appeared on an episode of Diff'rent Strokes. Sadly, Gary Coleman did not appear in the ep.
13. Francis Ford Coppola used to write in casinos. Why? Because, said Sofia, they were open 24 hours.
14. Coppola still remembers riding in the helicopter on the set of Apocalypse Now. She was 4 or 5 at the time.
16. Sofia Coppola is one of the few people on the planet who can start a sentence by saying, "My dad and his friend George Lucas ..." Jealous?
Somewhere opens Dec. 22.
A chat with ... author/musician Patti Smith
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Thursday, July 27, 2006
The Motor-Voter Effect
DA 2/3s numbers below average 07-16-2006
The Herald Staff , From the Plainview Daily Herald
Herald Correspondent
Perry Dorrell, aka PDiddie said...
Richard Orr also has a pretty good blog.
kaptinemo said...
Not a criticism, just a suggestion. You might want to try using to place a link on the frontpage, so it doesn't overrun the column boundaries. It's a very handy tool and it's free.
kaptinemo said...
Oops, the name of the link didn't show. It's TinyURL.
AlanBean said...
Thanks so much
silentlamb said...
I just had to comment. I know this article is fairly old, but I can tell you that Wally Hatch is not necessarily a change for the good in Hale County. His conviction rate is low because he's not well versed in criminal law, and he has not chosen solid cases to adjudicate. It has nothing to do with the motor voter law or the CSI effect.
One tactic Wally has employed to improve his win/loss stats is to close the DA's files to one defense attorney who won several acquittals for his clients. I know Wally can do this legally, but it demonstrates that he has already forgotten his job is to see that justice is done, not to hide evidence and punish defense attorneys that actually defend their clients. Blaming the juries for the losses is spinning the truth.
Soft spoken, maybe, but Wally's a busy little bee behind the scenes. I suspect he's behind the change in the policies at the Hale County Jail. Where the old policy allowed defense attorneys liberal access to their clients, the new policy limits that access. Access to a client on the weekend prior to trial will be determined on a case by case basis. And who do you think that determination comes from? The DA's office.
If the DA doesn't like your attorney, you may not be allowed to speak with him/her the weekend before your trial.
Justice is an elusive commodity when public officials allow personal vendetta's to rule their actions. Our community is at risk when our laws allow such actions to be sanctioned.
The idea that Wally will change the policy of tossing minorities off jury panels is unrealistic. It's the same ole, same ole with minorities being routinely dumped as jurors. So far, Wally hasn't actually tried many of the felony cases. His staff does that. The two assistant DA's trying cases in the district courts were trained by Terry McEachern.
I could go on, and on, but I'll spare you and leave my rant at this. I feel for the innocent man or woman caught in this judicial system. It's a fearful thing to be threatened with prison. If you're poor, it's like winning the lottery to get a court-appointed attorney that gives a damn. Plea agreements are a favorite remedy for most of them. Don't even get me started on how "Community Supervision" is used to siphon money out of the pockets of the poorer members of the community until the DA files to revoke them and send them away to serve their full sentence.
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Wednesday, March 30, 2011
Libya: Barack Obama 'signed secret order allowing covert operations'. A timely plan to estabish prior to the June Bilderberg meeting in Switzerland.
Libya: Barack Obama 'signed secret order allowing covert operations'
Barack Obama signed a secret order authorising covert US government support for rebel forces seeking to oust Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi, according to government officials.
Libya: Barack Obama 'signed secret order allowing covert operations'
Barack Obama has said: 'if we wanted to get weapons into Libya we could' 10:08PM BST 30 Mar 2011
Mr Obama reportedly signed the order, known as a presidential "finding", within the last two or three weeks, four US government sources told Reuters.
News that Mr Obama had given the authorisation surfaced as the President and other US and allied officials spoke openly about the possibility of sending arms supplies to Gaddafi's opponents, who are fighting better-equipped government forces.
While US and allied air strikes have seriously damaged Gaddafi's military forces and disrupted his chain of command, officials say, rebel forces remain disorganised and unable to take full advantage of western military support.
Because US and allied intelligence agencies still have many questions about the identities and leadership of anti-Gaddafi forces, any covert US activities are likely to proceed cautiously until more information about the rebels can be collected and analysed, officials said.
According to an article speculating on possible US covert actions in Libya published early in March on the website of the Voice of America, the US government's broadcasting service, a covert action is "any US government effort to change the economic, military, or political situation overseas in a hidden way."
read more here:
Along the lines of this story...
"The Bilderbergers hope that part of their common agenda with the "Trilateralists" will be accomplished by the time they meet (in June): a US invastion of Libya to generate increased Middle East turmoil so America can go to war with Iran, on Israel's behalf."
Again, along the lines of this story...
"Are we preparing for a major war that will be engineered through "false flag" attacks and other fake events to shape popular opinion towards the necessity of such war?
Is "ol' Lefty" gathering the reins of power to his office so that the public will have no chance to speak out when they finally wake up?
Have the parameters been set for the control of the masses when rioting and revolution break out here in America as they have in other countries?
The Federal Reserve, the Trilateral Commission and the Council on Foreign Affairs (or Relations) which are all part and parcel to the Bilderberg Group have systematically robbed Americans and impoverished our nation. The only thing standing in their way to total domination of this country is the American people.
Can it be that enough people are waking up to the machinations of our "shadow" government that their hand is being forced? Are the plans of the globalists being hurried in order to stay ahead of public knowledge of their crimes?
Or is this just the "right time" and the elitist's plans have come to fruition, their bases covered, their damage irretrievably inflicted on our society, and the ways and means of controlling the masses established and tested?"
Read more:
What do you think?
No comments :
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Jump over the site's section navigation.
IL minimum wage hike debated
Tue, 25 Sep 2012 03:44:44 CDT
At eight dollars 25 cents, Illinois' minimum wage is already a dollar higher than the federal limit, but Governor Pat Quinn says it should be higher. Quinn suggests raising the minimum wage, or at the very least making sure it keeps pace with cost of living increases:
Quinn's pronouncement comes as US census data revealed more people living in poverty in the US, and in Illinois. Though the increase is statistically slight, nearly 150 thousand more people dipped below the poverty line from 2010 to last year, it means about 14 percent of the state's residents are impoverished. However, businesses say that raising the state's minimum wage will hurt, not help, the cause. Business owners fought an effort by a Democratic legislator last spring to hike Illinois' minimum wage. They say to afford paying bigger paychecks, they'd have to lay off employees.
Support Your Public Radio Station
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Sea Creatures’ Response to Ocean Acidification Shocks Scientists
Have you ever heard those tales of how dumping toxic waste into water will cause the aquatic life to mutate into something out of science fiction? Well, apparently marine life as of late are going through some shocking changes, and while it may not be like something out of the twilight zone, it sure has baffled scientists.
marine life reaction to climate change 300x225 <! :en >Sea Creatures’ Response to Ocean Acidification Shocks Scientists<! : >
photo by Mila Zinkova (source: wikimedia commons)
Acidification of the ocean has been on the rise, thanks to increasing levels of CO2 in the atmosphere. The CO2 dissolves in the water, which makes the water more acidic. This decreases the number of carbonate ions in the ocean, which some marine life use to build their shells and skeletons. Scientists had thought this acidic increase would cause shells of sea creatures to become brittle, but it would seem the opposite has happened. Crabs, lobsters and other such animals have been building more shell when exposed to the acidification, rather than losing shell.
Past studies showed that the changing ocean chemistry was thinning the shells of some microscopic creatures. However, the latest study—published in the journal Geology—shows that 7 out of 18 creatures built more shell when exposed to the acidic changes. One theory comes from former WHOI (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution) member, Justin B. Ries:
“Most likely the organisms that responded positively were somehow able to manipulate … dissolved inorganic carbon in the fluid from which they precipitated their skeleton in a way that was beneficial to them. They were somehow able to manipulate CO2 … to build their skeletons.”
Apparently the process also affects shell-less sea life, such as algae. A lot more research is needed into this discovery, however. Why does it only affect certain marine life in this way, and not all marine life? What about the impact acidification has on coral? Now that some of the animals have been adapting to higher levels of acidification, what will happen to them if the acidic levels should drop again?
A lot of questions definitely need to be answered, especially in regards to the way animals have responded to the acidic changes. According to study co-author and WHOI research specialist, Anne L. Cohen:
“We were surprised that some organisms didn’t behave in the way we expected under elevated CO2. What was really interesting was that some of the creatures, the coral, the hard clam and the lobster, for example, didn’t seem to care about CO2 until it was higher than about 1,000 parts per million [ppm. Current levels are at 380 ppm.]. I wouldn’t make any predictions based on these results. What these results indicate to us is that the organism response to elevated CO2 levels is complex and we now need to go back and study each organism in detail.”
Given the amount of sea creatures scientists already know about, and the possible amount they have yet to find, this study could take quite a while to complete. It is an interesting thing to see the creatures adapt in such a way, but is it really a good thing?
By Heidi Marshall
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Monthly Archives: July 2009
Halloween isn’t just for kids, adults love to dress up too. If you’re tired of the same old choices when it comes to adult costumes this year choose something fun like costumes from the popular summer movie The Hangover. The Hangover was directed by the same director who put out the recent Starsky and Hutch film, Road Trip and the classic Will Ferrell movie Old School. A combination road trip/buddy movie The Hangover has enough action and comedy to delight fans and make them laugh through the whole movie. At the box office The Hangover pulled in a respectable amount of money and beat The Land of the Lost to come in first for the weekend of its debut.
The Hangover centers on a group of friends who are traveling to Vegas for a bachelor party. Doug Billings, the main character, is about to get married so his friends Phil Wenneck and Stu Price along with his soon to be brother in law Alan Garner head to Vegas to have one last wild night out before the wedding. All of the other men are involved in relationships, Stu is involved in a particularly unhappy one and looks at the trip as a chance to break away and have some fun. The group arrives in Las Vegas without incident and check into their rented suite at the famous Ceasar’s Palace. With a toast they get ready to go party the night away.
They wake up the next morning with no memory of the night before. When they wake up the suite that they were staying is in wrecked. They find a baby in the closet, and a tiger in the bathroom. Stu has somehow lost a tooth, and Doug is missing. As the guys try to piece together what happened they find clues like Stu’s tooth in Alan’s pocket and a receipt from an ATM for $800.They also find a hospital bracelet. When they go to the hospital they find out the doctor found traces of the “date rape” drug Rufalin in their blood. Stu confesses that he dosed their champagne the night before with a drug he thought was Ecstasy that he had brought with him. The drug turned out to not be Ecstasy but instead to be Rufalin. They follow the clues and discover that during the course of the night they stole the tiger from Mike Tyson, who makes a cameo appearance as himself. Stu got married to an escort named Jade, who is the mother of the baby that they found in their suite. They also find out that they owe a gambler $80,000 and that the gambler has kidnapped Doug and is holding him until he gets the $80,000. Through the course of trying to save Doug the men realize that the gamble is actually holding a different Doug, the drug dealer who sold Stu the Rufalin. Eventually they remember that they locked Doug, the groom, on the roof the night before. After they let him in and get him to his wedding with very little time to spare they find a camera with pictures documenting their night’s activities. They look at the pictures and then destroy the pictures.
Check out this Drunk Mask for Halloween.
All your children’s favorite Ice Age characters are back in Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs. Dinosaur costumes are always popular with kids, and now your kids can dress up as their favorite Ice Age characters from the first two films and some new dinosaur characters from Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs too.
Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs is an animated film that was created using state of the art 3D technology. The film opens with Ellie and Manny expecting a baby mammoth. Manny is busily preparing a home for his growing family and is obsessed with making sure everything is just right. Diego has left the herd because has started to doubt his hunting abilities and wonders if he’s losing his predatory nature. Sid decides that he wants a baby like Manny and Ellie so he adopts three eggs that he finds which seem to be abandoned. However the morning after Sid adopts them the eggs hatch revealing three baby Tyrannosaurus Rex dinosaurs. The baby dinosaurs are energetic and scare off all the other babies in the area with their rough play. Just when Sid is thinking that he is in over his head the mother Tyrannosaurus appears to reclaim her babies. She take Sid and the three babies and runs off with Diego tracking her. Manny, Ellie, Crash, Eddie and Diego set off to go rescue Sid. They go through an ice tunnel and discover a rainforest jungle where there are dinosaurs that everyone believed to be extinct.
The group is threatened by an Ankylosaurus that Diego can’t seem to stop, and the group appears to be in trouble until a new character, Buck, appears. Buck is a rakish weasel with one eye who is intent on tracking down Rudy, a white carnivorous dinosaur called a Baryonyx, who took his eye. Buck saves the group and joins them to help in the quest to get Sid back because he has been living in the jungle for awhile and knows it very well. Sid, meanwhile, has been charming the mother dinosaur with his care for her children. He is soon accepted by her and taken in as part of the family. The next day Rudy attacks the little family and Sid is thrown into a perilous fall over Lava Falls. As Sid is lying suspended over Lava Falls Ellie goes into labor not far from the falls. Manny goes back to help Ellie, Diego take up a position as a lookout for Ellie and Manny, and Buck takes Crash and Eddie up the falls to rescue Sid.
Manny and Ellie have a healthy baby girl that they name Peaches. Sid is rescued, and the group prepares to return to their glacial world. But on their way back Rudy attacks the group. The mother Tyrannosaurus appears and knocks Rudy off a cliff, although an ominous growl says that Rudy is not gone for gone. Manny, Ellie and Peaches return home with Sid, Crash and Eddie. Buck decides to continue looking for Rudy, and Diego decides to stay with the pack after all.
The characters from the TV show True Blood are sure to be some of the most popular Halloween costumes this year. True Blood is an HBO TV series that was created and is mostly written by Alan Ball. Alan Ball is most famous for his TV show Six Feet Under which chronicled the life and family relationships of the Fischer family and their family owned mortuary. Six Feet Under was wildly popular with fans and won a lot of critical acclaim for its brilliant writing and sharp cinematography. True BloodTrue Blood has shown to have the same grit, wit, humor, insight and edgy darkness that Six Feet Under had. True Blood has developed a loyal cult of followers who are hooked on the show. The unique characters on this Southern Gothic steeped vampire show are ideal for Halloween costumes.
The show is based on a series of books called the The Southern Vampire Mysteries. The show is built around a young telepathic waitress, Sookie Stackhouse, who works in a bar called Merlotte’s in the small town of Bon Temps Louisiana. In the True Blood world vampires and humans live side by side because of the creation of a synthetic blood substitute that the vampires use to survive instead of human blood. Some humans aren’t exactly comfortable with this arrangement but they tolerate it as long as the vampires and other creatures of the night don’t cause a lot of trouble. Sookie’s boss at the bar is Sam Merlotte, a shape shifter. Sam is protective of Sookie and often changes form into that of a big black dog and watches over her. Jason Stackhouse, Sookie’s brother, eventually joins an anti-vampire church and begins flirting with religious zealotry and starts to develop a deep hatred of vampires. Bill Compton is Sookie’s love interest, a vampire who has remarkable compassion for humans. Bill was turned into a vampire during the Civil War Era but has never lost his love and empathy for humans. Originally Sookie is drawn to him because she cannot read his thoughts the way that she can read other people’s thoughts. Eric Northman, another vampire, is interested in Sookie. Eric is the sheriff of one of the five local vampire precincts and is known for his vehement punishment of any crimes against vampires.
Other important human and vampire characters in Bon Temps include Jessica Hamby who is a teenager that was turned into a vampire by Bill Compton at the end of season 1 of the show. Bill was forced to turn Jessica after he killed a vampire who threatened Sookie. Sheriff Bud Dearborne, a human, is prejudiced against vampires and was very good friends with Sookie’s parents so he takes a special interest in her and her brother Jason and is not happy about Sookie’s relationship with Bill Compton. Another human, Tara Thornton, is Sookie’s best friend and an important part of the story.
Like Six Feet Under True Blood has gathered viewers from many different social groups. The quirky, edgy characters and Southern Gothic roots of the stories appeal to old and young alike.
See more vampire costumes
The Wizards of Waverly Place is a Disney Channel TV show and an upcoming movie. The show originally aired in Canada and the UK before airing on the Disney Channel in the United States. The Wizards of Waverly Place is set in New York City, and chronicles the life of three teenage children who have magical powers. Waverly Place is a famous street in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of New York City. Occasionally the show features footage shot in the real Waverly Place although most of the time no outside shots are used. As the kids get older only one of them will be allowed to keep their magical powers and eventually the children will need to take part in a competition to see which one will keep their powers. The children attend both magic school and regular school to help them develop their magical powers.
In the TV show the father of the children, Italian-American Jerry Russo was a wizard himself and won the competition to keep his magical powers when he was young but gave up his magic powers to marry the children’s mother- Mexican-American Theresa Russo. Jerry is the children’s main magical teacher but also runs the family business which is a sub shop located in Waverly Place. Even though she has no direct experience with the magical world because she is not and never was a wizard Theresa Russo is also very understanding of the abilities that her kids have and tries to help them learn more about magic.
The Wizards of Waverly Place are Justin Russo, the oldest child, Alex Russo who is the only daughter, and the youngest Russo Max. Alex’s best friend Harper Finckle is in on the family secret that the kids are wizards but has sworn not to let that secret get out to anyone at home or at Tribeca Prep, the school that all of the Russo kids and Harper attend. Most of the mishaps and adventures that the Russo kids have involve Alex in one way or another because she is the one who is most likely to use magic without supervisions, which is against the rules. The kids attend WizTech school to learn more about magic and they also have lessons with their father in The Magic Lair, a place that is usually accessed through the freezer in the sandwich shop that the family owns.
If you have children turning them into the Wizards of Waverly Place for Halloween is the perfect family costume. Not all families like to dress in a theme but for the ones that do the Wizards of Waverly Place is a great way to have fun as a family. Parents like the show because through the various adventures that the kids have with their magical abilities they learn important lessons about personal responsibility, family, loyalty, friendship and morality. The show is a very popular one with kids and choosing Wizards of Waverly Place costumes could be a very clever way to get your tween or teenage kids to want to participate in a family event.
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1. Time Travel Institute has been upgraded, courtesy of Mop's wallet and Cosmo's lack of social life! Feel free to explore the new features, one of us will post an announcement thread with a few highlights later tonight.
Where did the John Titor posts go?
Discussion in 'Off Topic' started by Gpa, Jul 1, 2012.
1. Gpa Member
Darby or Rainman or anyone else that may know;
I know most people are tired of the John Titor story but there has been a new resurgence in it and I can not seem to find any of the posts that I heard were here. Did they get lost in the remodel? Sorry to bother you with it but I just think it would be interesting to read them again. I read the ones at anomalies but someone said there are earlier ones here. Thanks for any help.
2. Darby Well-Known Member
It appears that "Time Travel Paradoxes" was so completely corrupt that only the original post survives. If you have the page view set to "default" the thread is on page 196 or 197 of the Time Travel Discussion forum. It does go back to 1999 and is the complete time travel database prior to the time that Time Travel Claims was added as a new forum in 2004.
Of course, "I am From 2036" was on Art Bell's Post-2-Post forum which closed down 10 years ago. And for now, at least, Anomalies.net is off-line and has been for two months. I have a complete set of his threads on Anomalies but can't get at them.
I still have copies of all the threads (including "Limited to 11 pages...?") at home but it's a problem loading complete threads into a single post. XenForo has an "Upload File" option so I might try dropping a Titor file into Drop Box and seeing if it can successfully be uploaded from there into a thread here. Give me a day or two and I'll see what I can do.
PS: I successfully used Drop Box. Go to the Time Travel Discussion forum and look for the "Re-Print "I am from 2036" thread that I put up today.
3. Darby Well-Known Member
All of the Titor threads from TTI and Post-2-Post are up in the Time Travel Discussion forum. Each thread name starts with Re-Post followed by the original thread title.
4. Gpa Member
Thank you Darby;
You have come thru again. I have my work cut out for me. Hope I can get thru them all before 12/21/2012 and the end of the world.
I recall the "limited to 11 pages". I believe I read some those here when I first found this forum but I wasn't sure when I couldn't find them again.
I don't want to start any new arguments about this but right off I noticed this line from TimeTravel_0.
(…If I go forward on this world line, the future will not be my future. I get home by going back to 1975 before I arrived and then going forward to 2036.")
Isn't that the same premise stated by Doc in Back to the Future 2?
Thanks again.
5. Troll Member
It's kind of romantic that Darby cherished the words of another man for all these years.
Skarpz likes this.
6. Darby Well-Known Member
No. I don't cherish the words. I've been the site Admin at Anomalies.net for 10 years. I receive IM inquiries as well as email inquiries every day asking for information about Titor (95% of the inquiries now come from Italy). I needed my reference material in order to answer the questions. The information is just a tool no different than a hammer, pen, keyboard or paperclip.
I've never made it a secret that the sole reason that I was so active in the Titor Saga for the first 6 years was site traffic for Anomalies.net. That's it. The story itself is somewhat interesting only because the author did a bit more background work that the average semi-literate wannabe time traveler. Other than that it was rather mundane and after a few years outright boring. But it brought traffic to the site. Traffic means advertising revenue and advertising revenue means being able to pay the bills to keep the site running. Why do you think that Raul (MOP) kept the "Titor Was Here" advertising on the home page all of these years before switching to this "no home page" look? Advertising dollars to keep the site open. You don't honestly believe that Raul placed the "Titor Was Here" sign because he believed Titor was a time traveler, do you?
Certainly, I don't pay bills. Olav Philips pays them. But as an Admin my job is to help him generate revenue. Because there's a fruitbat born every second, keeping John Titor alive was the best vehicle for revenue generation.
Skarpz likes this.
7. Skarpz Member
Do you think that a movie will come out?
8. Darby Well-Known Member
Probably not. It could happen but it's time has come and gone. There was one in the works, and I believe that shooting actually took place, but from what I recall it was designed to be a very low budget B (at best) sci-fi movie. Something that if they were lucky would end up as one of the gawd awful SyFy Channel movies or a direct to DVD movie. Would you see it in a local theatre. Not much of a chance.
In reality, if one was to make a movie based on the posts what would the movie be about? The post WWIII world after a nuclear war? Dozens of movies have touched on the topic. Time travel? The same. Our posts? Read The Book and you'll get the answer - boring.
As postings the threads were reasonably good. Boomer did a lot more homework than the average fruitbat "time traveler" who tend to post unintelligible gibberish. But there was really nothing new or especially exciting sci-fi wise that would catch the eye (and pocket book) of movie financiers - otherwise the JTF, headed by an attorney who specializes in packaging movie deals, would have long ago had a movie out while the topic was hot. Remember, the Titor Saga started 15 years ago in 1998 with the two faxes. The posts stopped 12 years ago.
If you want to check to verify that Titor has long been a dead Internet topic go to Google Trends and use the criteria John Titor. It trends down after 2003 and flattens out at the bottom of the graph, spikes in 2007 and again in 2008 when RAI broadcast and then re-broadcast the Titor segment and then quickly flattened out agiain at the bottom of the graph and has stayed there ever since. In other words, with the exception of the two RAI related spikes, the topic has been basically dead since 2004.
9. Skarpz Member
What if I wanted to take it on? Who cold I talk to or work with to see if I could get it done? How much would I have to pay? What can I do to make this happen? I have an interest and want to see what I can do with it. Is there anything I can do to make this work out so that I can see it being a movie? I want to get this done somehow, but I would have to talk with lawyers and such. I'll do what I can. I just want to see it happen. Whatever it takes, I will do it.
Maybe I can get it to happen.
10. Skarpz Member
Google is not a good search engine then. Search for "John Titor" on John Titor at DuckDuckGo
11. Skarpz Member
Maybe it will be a major motion picture someday?
12. Darby Well-Known Member
I did. No hits that aren't on Google.
13. Skarpz Member
I don't know what you are talking about with "hits" on Google. I use other search engines other than Google to get a broader perspective.
14. Darby Well-Known Member
I did your suggested search and compared it with Google. There were no hits on the subject that were unique. By that I mean there were no results on your suggested search that were not also found on the Google search. On the other hand, there were many results on Google that were not found on your suggested search engine.
15. Skarpz Member
I need to research the word hits and what it's usage is fore Internet since you won't tell me. Why only use one search engine? You could also use Dogpile Web Search dogpile.
Share This Page
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http://www.timetravelinstitute.com/threads/where-did-the-john-titor-posts-go.6591/
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Fuego Element Grill
Fuego Element Grill
For everyone that was crazy about the hyper-modern Fuego 01 Grill but didn't feel like dropping the cash, the company is back with the more affordable, smaller Fuego Element Grill ($500). This 21-inch square pedestal grill features a dual-zone burner system with 24,000 BTUs of total power, an electronic ignition system with a single control knob and stainless steel burner tubes, a cast iron grate, a roasting lid for slow cooking, a swing-out wooden prep tray, hidden propane storage, side handles for hanging tools, rolling casters, and sleek looks that will go great with a modern outdoor furniture setup.
More Gear Grilling$500 Buy Share SAVE
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Welcome to My Scout Stuff - a Resource for Scouters about Boy Scouting!
When you take just a minute to look at the last text message on your own wireless device, consider whether it would be worth causing a serious accident, possibly one that could take a life... or several lives. When you look at it this way, there's no text that can't wait.
Go to the BSA It Can Wait app on Facebook and then pass it on to your friends.
Help put an end to texting and driving!
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http://myscoutstuff.org/
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The 100 Best Sci-Fi Movies of All Time
By Jordan Hoffman
99. Splice (2009)
Does scientific research have boundaries? When is it moral to play God? And under what circumstances is it okay to have sex with your adoptive killer cross-species mutant child? (I can't answer the first two, but I think I have a pretty good answer for number three.)
If only all bioethics debates were this gruesome and perverse.
Return to Slideshow
Related Links
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February 1, 2011
USC Seeks Redemption on the Road
There was no finger-pointing because it was a group effort. There was no trashing the locker room because the trashing had been on the court. South Carolina was in complete agreement -- it had badly failed. No sense re-hashing it because the Gamecocks knew they would have the point again driven home during the next practice.
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Dec 01 2011
And they lived happily ever after
Oh how sweet, Hamid Karzai has pardoned a woman who was serving a 12 year prison sentence for…arson? Armed robbery? GBH? No; for being raped. That’s what women who are raped get in Afghanistan (and not only there): they get long prison sentences, and that’s if they’re lucky; the less fortunate ones get stoned to death. Here’s why: it’s because a man was able to get access to the aperture between her legs, and allowing a man to get access to that is of course a horrendous crime. It’s no good calling it “rape”; it’s the woman’s job to make the aperture inaccessible, period; it’s not the man’s job to refrain from shoving his penis into it when he gets the chance.
But in this case it all works out, because Gulnaz, the woman in question, isn’t actually being set free (to go on making her aperture accessible to random men, the slut), she’s being let out of one prison so that she can enter another: marriage to the man who raped her.
Some 5,000 people signed a petition for Gulnaz’s release. News of her pardon came in a statement from the presidential palace.
It said a meeting of the judiciary committee had “discussed the issue of rape… and the issue of her imprisonment”.
“As the both sides [Gulnaz and the rapist] have agreed to get married to each other with conditions, respective authorities were tasked to take action upon it according to Islamic Shariah,” it said.
Darling Islamic Shariah, which hands a rape victim over to her rapist.
Skip to comment form
1. 1
It’s pretty sick…
2. 2
Eamon Knight
Hey, they’re just doing what the Bible says (don’t know if that particular reg got plagiarized into the Quran, but anyways good on ‘em for picking up on it). Not like those apostate American Republicans, who’ve forgotten where they came from….
3. 3
Yellow Thursday
Well, if CNN is to be believed, marriage is not a condition of her release. Her (unnamed) attorney says she has a safe place to go and doesn’t want to marry her attacker.
A word of warning: only read the comments at the link if you have a strong stomach regarding rape apologists. According to some of the commenters, it’s ok to put a woman in jail for 3 years for “fail[ing] to report her rape quickly enough” with additional justification being that her sentence was less than her rapist’s.
4. 4
Francisco Bacopa
You gotta remember, in this cultural context rape is not a crime against a woman, it is a property crime against a woman’s owner. Makes it all make much more sense.
Oh, but wait…Women have owners? Forget everything I just said and to hell with their culture.
5. 5
Remember Allah is all merciful!
This is why I still regard Islam as evil.
6. 6
Svlad Cjelli
Poor guy. He almost didn’t get to keep raping her. So glad they came to their senses.
7. 7
Ockham's Soul Patch
But hey, this is a just punishment for the rapist – they’re forcing him to marry a soiled woman! The horror!
To be absolutely clear: that was sarcasm.
8. 8
Jurjen S.
Ugh. I’m on the verge of saying “why did we bother overthrowing the Taliban again?” but I just read in The Economist that the number of kids in school has increased from 1.2 million under the Taliban to 8.2 million now, and the percentage of them who are girls has gone from 0 to 40%; the percentage of Afghans with access to basic health care has gone from 8% to 80%; 27% of members of the lower house of parliament are women, and the article quotes one woman (anonymously) as saying:
When the Taliban first took power, people didn’t really know what they were like. They do now and the women of Afghanistan will never forgive them.
But the rest of Afghan men evidently still have some lessons left to learn, and they’d damn well better learn them.
9. 9
Derek M
With regard to legal systems that are anathema to civilised societies, there isn’t much between Sharia and Deuteronomic law.
10. 10
Doubting Thomas
What is bizarre about the women as property idea is, If your car get’s stolen, and you get it back, you don’t junk the car if all the thief did was take it for a ride*. Jailing or stoning rape victims seems ridiculous in that sense. Rather it is the woman’s body parts that are the property and she herself is responsible for securing them. The man get’s ownership of the parts, the woman just comes along as the caretaker. Religion and Islam specifically is a mental disease and should be eradicated.
*No, I’m not equating rape with joyriding.
11. 11
Now all he needs to do is rape three more and he will have the full set of wives permitted under the merciful sharia.
Leave a Reply
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This game, a relative of Barbu, is played in various parts of the world. It is known in France, Belgium and Italy and is particularly popular in Portugal, Russia, Turkey, Colombia and Brazil. In all these places it is known by the English name King as well as by a variety of local names. This leads people to believe that the game comes from England, but it never appears in English language card game books and I know of no evidence that it has ever been played in any English speaking countries. It is quite mysterious why this game should bear an English name, as well as how it has come to be popular in such widely separated parts of the world.
Rules of various versions of King will be explained and compared on this page eventually. Meanwhile here are some links.
You can download a freeware King program from Thanos Card Games.
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The Minneapolis Institute of Arts
Object in Focus Chinese Scholar's Study
All is quiet. A trickle of water flows in the garden outside the window. A breeze whispers through the window screen. An inky brush slaps softly against paper as you write at the desk. At home in 18th century China, you might easily forget that a bustling town lies beyond the walls of this room.
Clay tiles cover the walls and floor. They keep the place cool even in the sweaty heat of southern China. You see no bright colors or flashy gold here, only the shine of polished wood. Glimpses of the miniature garden outside take the imagination to a wild place far beyond the edge of town.
Of course, no one would mistake this room for a simple hut in the wilderness. Even the gnarled tree root in the far corner, now a stand for an antique pot, has the same high polish as the gleaming desk. But a room like this one was more than a quiet get-away spot for a city dweller. It was a place to connect with nature through poetry, painting and music, in search of spiritual peace.
China, Jiangsu Province
The Studio of Gratifying Discourse, 1797
The study was one of the most important rooms in the house of a well-educated government official.
Nature offered a way of understanding the world.
The arts helped literati scholars absorb the lessons of nature.
In the Company of Friends: Join two or three friends to put together a scrapbook of your favorite songs, books, movies, and artwork. Have each friend write a few sentences next to a selection about why he or she admires it. What would be the most comfortable place to do this project? What kind of music would you listen to? What else would you want around you? How might this activity be similar to a gathering of literati scholars?
The Mind's Eye: Objects can lead the imagination to faraway places. Scholars imagined themselves traveling through a landscape suggested by the shape of a rock, for example. Find an object in your surroundings and imagine the journey a miniature version of yourself might take climbing around it. Write a description of the journey. Can another reader identify the object you had in mind?
At the Museum: The Scholar's Study is permanently on view at The Minneapolis Institute of Arts. Bring along a pencil and paper and see if it inspires a poem in you.
The Tools of a Scholar: Tools for painting and calligraphy, such as brushes, ink stones, water droppers, and brush pots, were collector's items among literati scholars. Use the Art Collector function of ArtsConnectEd to choose your own favorites. What different types of tools do you see? What themes do you notice in the decoration? Click here to start. (Click here to learn more about Art Collector.)
Inspiration in the Past: Literati scholars of the 18th century felt a deep connection to China's past. Browse the Dynasty Guide (part of the Institute's "Art of Asia" Website) to explore the contributions of different periods in Chinese history. Sketch an example of the art of each period in your sketchbook. Which appeals to you most? Why? Choose one to inspire a written journal entry or work of art of your own.
October 2004
The most important room in the family compound was a hall like this one, used for formal gatherings of family and guests.
Thousands of government officials served the emperor of China. Badges on the front of their coats indicated their rank. The silver pheasant here means this coat belonged to a fifth rank official.
Every scholar's study contained a ch'in, or zither, an ancient Chinese musical instrument. It was a symbol of great learning since the days of Confucius in the 6th century BC.
key idea
This room once stood between two small courtyard gardens in the family compound of a government official. Only the formal reception hall was more important within the family compound. There, the whole family gathered on special occasions to receive guests or pay respect to their ancestors. This room, on the other hand, was a place for the head of the household to enjoy books, nature, and the arts, alone or with a small group of friends.
Government officials in imperial China were well-rounded scholars. The difficult civil service exam required years of study. Scholars had to master the teachings of Confucius and his followers, the basis of Chinese government for thousands of years. But they also had to be skilled in poetry, calligraphy, and painting. These subjects developed their ability to think carefully and sensitively, important qualities in an able administrator.
The arts remained a passion for many officials. They often retired from government service while still fairly young to devote themselves to reading and writing poetry, playing chess, and practicing music. Such men, known as wen jen ("men of letters") or "literati" in English, were highly respected for their good taste and artistic accomplishments.
A shelf like this one would have held a scholar's collection of rare books, scroll paintings, and antiques.
October 2004
A scholar might see the rocks in his garden as miniature mountains and explore their peaks and valleys in his imagination.
Literati scholars collected rocks shaped over time by flowing water. Such rocks gave them a sense of the forces of nature.
Scholars took delight in accidents of nature. The patterns in the piece of marble framed in this screen suggest a mountainous landscape.
key idea
Nature offered a way of understanding the world.
The teachings of Confucius described an individual's duties to family and the state. Harmony among individuals would bring harmony in the world. But a real understanding of the world, most Chinese believed, came from the close study of nature.
Although nature seems wild and uncontrollable, it has its own order. Seemingly opposite forces--light and dark, life and death, creation and destruction--are in fact part of a single force, the tao, or "way," of nature. Taoist philosophers teach that an individual must above all understand his place in nature. All actions must follow nature's flow to be right and good.
Some literati scholars went to live alone in the wilderness to study the way of nature. Such hermits were greatly admired. But most literati stayed closer to home. They collected reminders of nature, like rocks, gnarled wood, and patterned stone, to think through the puzzles of nature in elegant comfort.
Caged crickets brought the sounds of nature inside. They were kept in decorated containers, like these ones fashioned from gourds.
October 2004
Scholars enjoyed practicing their arts in the company of friends. Here, a famous group of scholars listen to the zither in a rock garden.
Many literati paintings were based on famous pictures by earlier masters, but here Wang Ch'en has painted a scene from the region where he worked as a government official.
Painting and calligraphy used the same tools--a brush, inkstone, and paper. This poem begins, "The mountain's rocky girth has endured a thousand years. . ."
key idea
The arts helped literati scholars absorb the lessons of nature.
The "four arts" of the literati scholar were painting, calligraphy, playing the ch'in, or zither, and the game of chess. All these activities sharpened the mind through years of study and practice. When enjoyed in the company of friends with similar interests, they were a focus for meaningful conversation. That companionship gave this room its name, "The Studio of Gratifying Discourse," carved on a plaque on the wall.
Nature was the most common subject of both poetry and painting. If a scholar could not live the life of a hermit alone in the wilderness himself, he could recreate the experience through words and pictures. Looking at a famous painting would inspire a poem in response, which he might add to the picture in his own calligraphy.
The tools of Chinese painting and calligraphy—the brush, ink, water, and paper—are very difficult to control. The most skilled painters are able to harness accidental effects to express their own ideas, all within the format of age-old Chinese traditions. This balance of natural forces, self-control, and society perfectly echoes the scholar's sense of his own place in the world.
The shapes of scholars' painting tools often reflected their interest in nature, like this waterdropper in the shape of a lotus bud.
October 2004
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We found 211 threads matching "fsk"
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The most relevant threads are listed first
FSK modulated wave file
pal.debabrata123 - 2007-06-27 09:07:00
Hey guys, Though my problem is do a FSK modulation os an ascii string and send it to telephone between "init ring" and "full ring" , I don't know how to test. Is there a software FSK demodulator free somewhere? Can I get some standard FSK modulated file to test the decoder? So that I am test my c...FSK modulated wave file
PSK instead FSK?
maluenda - 2006-02-18 12:46:00
Hi, I just started up some reading on Digital Communications. I need some information about PSK vs FSK for use in DSP. Can anyone explain in few words the advantages of using PSK instead FSK? Will appreciate any help in this regard. Thanks ...PSK instead FSK?
xr2211 & non coherent fsk demodulation
josedebrest - 2007-05-24 15:29:00
Hello, I am using the XR 2211 to demodulate a non coherent fsk signal. It works but I would like to know how to evaluate the theoritical BER performance of this demodulation. But all the non coherent fsk receivers that are mentionned on the web dont use a pll ... any idea ? thank you very m...xr2211 & non coherent fsk demodulation
Is there a software FSK encoder API for PC using no addtl hardware?
Tomer - 2003-08-27 15:33:00
Hi All, We need an API module to allow us to send data using the FSK (Frequency Shift Keying) modulation. This module is to run on a PC and may use no additional hardware except for the built in sound card. The module will allow us to convert ASCII characters to their FSK sound and play tha...Is there a software FSK encoder API for PC using no addtl hardware?
software for generating FSK modulated signals
Somia - 2005-05-23 07:11:00
hi I have to generate signals with data encoded in them using FSK, 1300Hz for mark and 2100Hz for space with a baud rate of 1200. i dont have an FSK modulator so is there any software that could do this over voice modem ? i dont have any backgound of DSP so i would really be thankful for for generating FSK modulated signals
Is frequency multipliers suitable for boradband FSK?
isgone - 2007-06-08 16:26:00
there are many applications use frequency multipliers to improve the deviation of narrowband FSK . i wonder is it suitable for boradband FSK? For example,the input signal should be 4FSK,and the frequencys is 67MHz/69MHz/71MHz/73MHz,the symbol rate is 10M . ...Is frequency multipliers suitable for boradband FSK?
Who made the comment about modems and FSK signals?
Brian Reinhold - 2004-01-15 10:01:00
I think some respondant named 'v' made a remark in response to a post I made last week regarding FSK decoding and filtering, but the post has been removed. The remark concerned the special processes that have to be done detecting FSK tones that are very short in the sense that the number of per...Who made the comment about modems and FSK signals?
Few taps Filters for FSK?
Brian Reinhold - 2004-01-09 13:34:00
Does anyone have any suggestions for an IIR or FIR band pass filter that will isolate the two tones of an FSK signal which an integrate and dump scheme can then be applied to? I need to minimize the delay since this FSK signal comes from scanned radio frequencies. I need to detect the signal f...Few taps Filters for FSK?
Detecting FSK on a power fft pk hold spectrum
d1sturbanc3 - 2008-07-17 14:54:00
Found this board, and hopefully someone can give me a helping hand. Background: I'm using labview with a DAQ. It's acquiring a signal and I take a power fft with peak hold averaging on. In this spectrum, there are atmospheric noise, some other signals with large BW about 250 hz, and signals that...Detecting FSK on a power fft pk hold spectrum
Fax/modem detection
Jadran - 2009-12-20 14:36:00
Hello, I m implementing fax/modem detection. So far it is based on CNG and CED tones. Goertzel's algorithm is used for tones detections and seems to work fine. However I would like to increase reliability, specialy for cases when such tones are not present or missed. Idea is to do it by detecting...Fax/modem detection
FSK bandwidth
Jach - 2004-04-09 02:45:00
What is the estimated bandwidth using Carson's rule when your separation is 19.8 kHz, the baud rate 19.2 kBaud/s modulation is FSK, NRZ line coding and the crystal tolerance is negligible? Thanks ...FSK bandwidth
FSK Demodulation (help urgently needed)
mudassir84 - 2006-06-30 10:35:00
Hi I am trying to Extract Caller ID from FSK v.23 Encoded CLI Packet which has been stored in audio format in pc. To demdulate FSK i am using two Bandpass Filters centered at Mark and Space Frequency. According to FSK V.23 1300 hz is frequency for mark(1) 2100 hz is frequency for spcae(0) 120...FSK Demodulation (help urgently needed)
FSK and timing recovery
ejstans - 2005-04-06 12:43:00
Hi, I'm trying to gain an understanding of how to do timing recovery or symbol synchronization in a digital radio receiver but I need something clarified. The methods I have found information on (Mueller & Mueller, Early-late, Gardner etc) seem to be intended for linear modulation schemes but wha...FSK and timing recovery
FSK Versus OOK Demodulation
Randy Yates - 2011-06-21 15:51:00
With the right filtering, an FSK signal can be viewed as two complementary OOK (on-off keyed) signals. Is the optimal FSK demodulator more optimal, less optimal, or equivalent to two optimal OOK demodulators with their outputs combined? -- Randy Yates % "Watching all the d...FSK Versus OOK Demodulation
Multicarrier modulation scheme vs FSK
koolguyuf - 2007-01-14 16:56:00
Hey, What is the difference between multicarrier modulation and FSK (Frequency Shift Keying)? Can OFDM considered to be a hybrid of the two? Thanks TD ...Multicarrier modulation scheme vs FSK
clock recovery
mahsad - 2009-10-20 03:15:00
hi, I have implemented a binary FSK modem(V.21). but i have a question: how can i implement clock recovery for fsk demodulator? does any reference exist for this subject? please help me. ...clock recovery
FSK demodulator code?
Scott Miller - 2004-12-22 13:11:00
I'm looking for code, either in ANSI C or assembly for the ARM7TDMI, that'll demodulate 1200 baud FSK, in particular 1200 baud Bell 202 keying like that found in caller ID systems. Any suggestions? Thanks, Scott ...FSK demodulator code?
GMDSS/DSC FSK Modulation: Continuous-Phase or Not?
Randy Yates - 2011-01-03 09:29:00
Hello, I'm looking at demodulating a GMDSS/DSC (Digital Selective-Calling) 100 baud FSK (1700 Hz center, +/- 85 Hz) signal (per ITU-R M.493-12). The spec says nothing about whether it's continuous-phase FSK or not. I've found on the net that DSC is similar to SITOR-B, and further that SITOR...GMDSS/DSC FSK Modulation: Continuous-Phase or Not?
general fsk question
frumious - 2009-01-22 11:20:00
I am trying to understand fsk demodulation in general. Is there an industry standard set of specific demod schemes or just classes of particular methods (i.e. matched filter, correlation, coherent vs non-coherent) that are invoked on a project by project basis? ...general fsk question
Definition of modulation index for shaped FSK
Steve Pope - 2010-06-30 17:41:00
I have a pretty elementary question. For an unshaped, 2-FSK signal, the modulation index h is defined as the ratio of the difference between the two tone frequencies to the symbol rate. For shaped 2-FSK, how is h usually defined? I can think of a few possibilities: (1) Base it on the pe...Definition of modulation index for shaped FSK
Re: FSK Correlation Demodulator
Stan Pawlukiewicz - 2005-12-12 08:28:00
Vale_a_pena wrote: > I can try to help you Opamp. > > Even without money :) > > When you mix two signals: y1*y2 with y1 FSK signal and y2 a > sinusoid > > You obtain a result varying in time (y1*y2)(t) > > > Correlation is the integral during a period of T o...Re: FSK Correlation Demodulator
PC FSK decoding - stuck beginner!
mcd - 2005-04-01 08:55:00
Hi, I'm urgently trying to get my head around methods for decoding an FSK encoded signal on my PC. I have a .wav file of the transmitted data, and I want to get the data out. I'm doing my work in Matlab/Simulink for now for simplicity. So far I've tried: - Goertzel algorithm as used for dtmf -...PC FSK decoding - stuck beginner!
Definition of BT in an FSK system
Steve Pope - 2010-07-15 14:30:00
BT denotes the product of the 3 dB bandwidth of the shaping pulse in an FSK system and the symbol time. My question has to do with the conventional definition of B. My first thought was to use the 3 dB bandwidth of a bandpass function obtained by translating the baseband pulse up to the FSK...Definition of BT in an FSK system
fsk demodulation
harsh17 - 2005-07-17 02:58:00
I am a novice in DSP.I am trying to demodulate a FSK signal wherein the mark and space frequencies are 16MHz and 24MHz respectively.I am thinking of using delay and multiply method.Can this be implemented using an ADSP-2181?More specifically will the DSP be able to handle the high throughput involve...fsk demodulation
FSK Demodulator
biff - 2008-07-01 20:40:00
Hi folks, I manage a hardware engineering group for a telcom company and I am beginning to look around for FPGA IP to implement both FSK modulation and demodulation. I am wondering if any of you have any experience with any of the IP around today. The demodulator is the most difficult part a...FSK Demodulator
FSK encoding: alternatives to Manchester and NRZ
howy - 2007-02-03 13:39:00
Hi all, I noticed a lot of FM related questions this month, so here is another one... I am transmitting FSK using a MICRF505 transceiver chip. The FSK modulator in this chip requires a bit encoding scheme to reduce the DC content of the bit stream to a manageable level. I am struggling with ...FSK encoding: alternatives to Manchester and NRZ
Coherent FSK
john - 2006-06-17 13:34:00
A colleague and I are trying to understand the performance limits that apply to coherent detection of continuous phase FSK in AWGN. As I understand it, the familiar textbook formula for coherent FSK BER is derived for the case of square one-bit pulses and tones that are orthogonal over one bit t...Coherent FSK
Re: FSK mod and demod
Jerry Avins - 2005-12-13 11:00:00
Gunstinger wrote: > Hello I'm stuck with a little problem here in MatLab. What I need to do is > input a string of text, convert it to binary, and then use FSK to mod it > together, then demod and and filter it out and convert it back to text > again. The first part is easy, the input of tex...Re: FSK mod and demod
Question about Continuous Phase FSK
brent - 2010-09-03 08:59:00
I am trying to understand what is meant by continuous phase FSK. Right now I am of the opinion that it means that a very quick change in frequency can take place as long as there is no discontinuity in the time waveform when the frequency change takes place. Is this a correct interpretation? ...Question about Continuous Phase FSK
What is the maximum bits-per-symbol possible using FSK on telephone devices?
Green Xenon - 2009-12-16 20:49:00
Hi: What is the maximum amount of bits-per-symbol of FSK possible using a telephone system [including the phone lines and any devices from start to finish of the phone's signal chain]? Thanks, Green Xenon ...What is the maximum bits-per-symbol possible using FSK on telephone devices?
Goertzel and FSK
Fender123 - 2012-02-14 18:42:00
Hi all. Adapting Goertzel algorithm for FSK in a system with a preset sampling rate, tones and baud rate does not always result in ideal parameters. Let me try to explain what I mean: For example, consider a case with Fs=9600, tones 1650 and 1850 Hz, and baud 300. That's N=32 samples per symbo...Goertzel and FSK
Anyone have a Good filter for FSK with short delay
Brian Reinhold - 2004-01-08 14:18:00
I need to find a bandpass filter with as few taps as possible to apply to an HF radio FSK signal. The reason is that the radio is scanned and the more taps, the longer it takes before the signal can be recognized which slows down the possible scan rate. Can anyone give me any references or id...Anyone have a Good filter for FSK with short delay
Re: Detectiong CW
Randall Gawtry - 2006-03-04 01:42:00
In article , "John E. Hadstate" wrote: > What's the slickest way of turning an I/Q data stream, tuned > to baseband, into audible Morse Code with user-selectable > pitch using strictly digital signal processing? > > > John, The CW pitch-shifting feature is in the Timewave DSP-5...Re: Detectiong CW
FSK - sample rate and bit depth
Scott Miller - 2005-04-06 20:38:00
I'm working on a couple of demodulators - one for 1200 baud AFSK (and possibly other bitrates) and one for 9600 baud baseband FSK - and I've got some questions. I'm using an ARM7TDMI chip, so I'm rather CPU constrained. An issue I'm having trouble with is that the CODEC I'm considering off...FSK - sample rate and bit depth
Decoding FSK
Jon Mcleod - 2008-09-20 18:18:00
A Bell 202T modem uses FSK modulation (1200HZ, 2200HZ) and send data at up to 1800 bits per second. I need to replace an "analog" version of this with a digital version, sampling the phone line with an A/D and "decoding" the 1's and 0's in firmware (ARM C). My question is how.. The modu...Decoding FSK
FSK demodulation
Tomeu - 2009-01-08 06:21:00
Hello all, I am involved in the development of an underwater modem. Right now I am dealing with the simulation stage with simulink. The modulation scheme I am using is a non-coherent FSK. The carrier frequencies are 20kHz and 22kHz. At the demodulator part, I have designed a matched filters...FSK demodulation
FSK modulation and clean FFT
Ted T - 2008-03-31 18:58:00
Hi, I'm looking at FSK modulation in matlab, using my own modulator as I don't have the matlab comms toolbox. In the time domain, the signal looks fine, but in the frequency domain, it just doesn't seem to work, I get lots of other garbage in the spectrum. I'm hoping someone can see an error ...FSK modulation and clean FFT
Receiving symbols using non-coherent M-FSK
2007-11-22 06:59:00
Hi There, How does the demodulator of a non-coherent M-FSK system correctly time the "reading" of the symbols? In the book on Digital Comms by Proakis, it is mentioned that a bank of 2M correlators can be used. In the book there is also a model for non-coherent M-FSK in an AWGN environment. ...Receiving symbols using non-coherent M-FSK
ping: Jim Thompson
Bo - 2006-04-24 11:20:00
Jim, I was perusing your website and happened upon your patent regarding demodulating of FSK. Is this the currently easiest/best way to decode FSK? Or would I be better off doing with SW and microcontroller? I was thinking that a comparator with hysteresis to minimize noise could be used Jim Thompson
Robust FSK demodulator ?
Robert Lacoste - 2012-02-23 02:31:00
Dear all, We are looking for a robust FSK demodulator and framer solution for an SDR application (decoding of simultaneous narrow channels at some kbps each from a wider baseband stream) : channel filtering, center frequency tracking, demodulation, bit-level timing recovery, synchronisation...Robust FSK demodulator ?
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Episode 10
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Episode 10, December 16, 2009 (Tea and Psychopathy)
Max needs Joanna’s help with a story. It involves a woman named Gloria who was murdered in Eastwick 25 years ago. The word “witch” was carved into her forehead. She was killed on the same date as Sebastian Hart, the local millionaire who died in a tragic fishing accident. If you remember, he’s the guy Joanna believed faked his death and became Darryl Van Horne. Gloria was poisoned after possibly having had a baby. An autopsy photo reveals that she was branded with the same symbol Roxie envisioned on Jamie’s body just before he placed it there himself.
Joanna and Max head out to Eleanor Rougement’s house to ask about the symbol and Gloria’s murder. Surprisingly, Eleanor is more than happy to chat. It turns out that Gloria did have a baby and gave him up for adoption. Over tea, Eleanor confirms that the baby’s father was Sebastian Hart and further confirms that Sebastian is, indeed, Darryl Van Horne.
Now you’d think Joanna and Max would be jumping for joy at their juicy scoop. Unfortunately, their legs are paralyzed thanks to the poison Eleanor slipped into their tea. Uh oh. Eleanor tosses the two reporters into her basement where they are stuck on their backs almost completely immobilized. We say almost because Max is able to extend his arm just enough to clutch a frightened Joanna’s hand. It would be such a sweet moment if the situation wasn’t so dire.
Kat is totally jazzed about her healing powers. She makes her way around the hospital curing everyone’s ailments. But when her hair starts turning gray and she gets sudden nosebleeds, it’s obvious that her actions are taking a toll on her own health When Raymond sees that Kat has fallen asleep as dinner burns on the stove, he threatens to sue for full custody of the kids. Think Kat’s gonna take that? No way.
Kat uses her powers to send a few falling icicles in her ex’s general direction. Kat says, “Don’t mess with me, Ray. Because if you do, I will mess you up right back.” After Raymond is gone, Kat draws a bath and lowers her exhausted body into the water. As the water continues to rise, a dangerously lethargic Kat continues to sink. Think she can wake up before going completely underwater?
Roxie keeps having visions of a dagger dripping with blood. That can only mean one thing: Somebody’s getting stabbed. Who you ask? We have no idea. Neither does Roxie. When she discovers that Jamie’s father is Darryl Van Horne, Roxie offers to help Jamie spill the news to daddy dearest. She invites the two men over for dinner not realizing that Jamie has plans to murder Darryl. Actually, that’s not entirely accurate. His plan is to have Roxie kill him. Wonder if that’ll happen before or after dessert.
When Jamie tries to break the news, Darryl says this isn’t the first time a con artist has claimed to be his son. This ticks off Jamie big time. So much so that he grabs a metal rod and strikes dear old dad on the back of the head. Darryl is down and bleeding on the floor. Jamie tries to convince Roxie that Darryl murdered his mother and he’s an evil being who is not of this world. There’s only one way Darryl can die. Roxie has to kill him.
Jamie gives Roxie a dagger. While holding her at gunpoint, he instructs her to stab Darryl or he’ll kill her. Roxie holds the dagger above Darryl’s motionless body. Then she thrusts it backwards, stabbing Jamie in the leg. Roxie makes a run for it but Jamie catches up to her and traps her inside her shop. Roxie pleads that she’s on his side, but Jamie knows that she can’t be trusted. He raises the dagger, swings it toward Roxie and then…SMASH TO BLACK! Don’t you just love/hate cliffhangers?
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Saturday, September 04, 2004
Where's censorship when you need it?
There's always much to-do about how violent or sexual programs on TV ought not to be viewed by children; and how musicians playing at sporting events must be required to keep their wardrobes from malfunctioning; and how offensive radio shows like Howard Stern's should be banned from the airwaves; and how pornographic magazines need to be kept out of the reach of minors; and whether you feel these restrictions are essential or essentially unconstitutional, it's certainly undeniable that there's a great deal of thought and debate and passion going into the examination of those issues. But there's a whole other level of potentially damaging media content sneaking through without anybody giving it a second glance, and I'm starting to think that it might be even worse for kids than the stuff everybody's always arguing over.
I've written here before about the difficulty of explaining those omnipresent ads for Viagra and Cialis and the like to curious kids who'll ask, "Mommy, what's erectile disfunction?" Lately I've also been noticing lots of really scary ads for horror films, both on TV and on the radio. If my kids are too young to see these films in theaters, do they really need to see clips that make their hearts skip? The radio ad for the new "Exorcist" film upset me when I was sitting at my desk in my office in the middle of the day; does my daughter really need to be hearing it at night when she's listening to the radio in bed? Guess that's not going to help her sleep. And even that old family friend, the local newspaper, isn't free of trauma. Like many people I was following the story of the school hostage situation in Russia with increasing dread, and certainly wanted to read about the tragic ending in this morning's news. But the large color photo that accompanied the story gave me pause -- it showed a Russian police officer carrying a young girl out of the building. The girl, maybe 8 or 9, had blood all over her face and was dressed only in underpants. The image was disturbing for any number of reasons, but what I found myself wondering most of all was, if my kids see this sitting on the coffee table, how on earth am I going to explain what happened to this girl, and why isn't she wearing any clothes? I tried to make sure that page was face down, with lots of glossy Saturday store ads on top.
The thing about all this is -- it's easy to keep our kids from watching specific shows, or listening to specific radio stations, or seeing specific magazines. But it's really hard to avoid commercials that can come on any time of the day or night, or news photos that turn a local paper -- which yesterday, for example, featured a picture of a particularly large zucchini grown by a local man -- into something terrifying. How's the FCC going to protect us from that?
No comments:
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| 204
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Tell me more ×
Ever I send a token request to Facebook I receive a NULL response. Not a exception or success response. Always NULL
$this->facebook = new Facebook(array(
'appId' => 'APP ID',
'secret' => 'APP SECRET',
'cookie' => true
$token = $this->facebook->api('/oauth/access_token', 'GET', array(
'client_id' => 'APP ID',
'client_secret' => 'APP SECRET',
'redirect_uri' => '' . urlencode('account/connect/facebook/'),
'code' => $_GET['code']
print_r($token); // NULL
} else {
share|improve this question
2 Answers
up vote 1 down vote accepted
You can not use Facebook::api to makes this call, because that method expects a JSON response, which this endpoint does not respond with.
But why would you want to do this anyway? The PHP SDK already has the functionality to detect a passed code parameter and exchange it for an access token included, and does it automatically.
share|improve this answer
I think you can just do:
share|improve this answer
No, because I will get: Uncaught OAuthException: An active access token must be used to query information about the current user, because default access token is like this APPID|APPSECRET – Gabriel Santos Dec 12 '12 at 2:11
Your Answer
|
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/13831627/facebook-oauth-token-is-always-null
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| 2,029
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Film Freak Central,2003:weblog-99928295733106445 2013-05-17T10:29:20-05:00 TypePad The We and the I (2013),2003:post-6a0168ea36d6b2970c01901c475bb7970b 2013-05-17T10:29:20-05:00 2013-05-17T10:35:03-05:00 **½/**** starring Michael Brodie, Teresa Lynn, Raymond Delgado, Jonathan Ortiz screenplay by Michel Gondry, Paul Proch, Jeff Grimshaw directed by Michel Gondry by Angelo Muredda The We and the I opens with a throwback, an image that wouldn't be out of place in Michel Gondry's distinctive music videos from the late-1990s, which were themselves full of backward glances to the more rough-hewn early days of MTV and old-school hip hop. Over the credits, a boombox modified into a miniature bus rolls along the streets of the Bronx pulsing out Young MC's "Bust A Move," until it's crushed by what's ostensibly the real thing, a city bus packed with urban teens who make up Gondry's boisterous, gossiping, and privately wounded nonprofessional cast. That's an interesting start, insofar as it suggests that Gondry's obsession with whimsical props tinged with nostalgia are about to be traded in for something more authentic, even as it implies a bit cheekily that the "real" bus, taking a bunch of high-schoolers home on the last day of school, is itself a roaming set on which to stage semi-scripted exchanges between proper teens doubling as actors and artistic partners. Both intimations turn out to be true, in a... Bill Chambers Dan in Real Life (2008) + Rachel Getting Married (2008) - Blu-ray Discs,2003:post-6a0168ea36d6b2970c017d42d8c35a970c 2013-04-16T11:11:31-05:00 2013-04-16T11:11:31-05:00 DAN IN REAL LIFE */**** Image A Sound B Extras D starring Steve Carell, Juliette Binoche, Dane Cook, Dianne Wiest screenplay by Pierce Gardner and Peter Hedges directed by Peter Hedges RACHEL GETTING MARRIED **/**** Image A Sound A Extras C starring Anne Hathaway, Rosemarie DeWitt, Bill Irwin, Debra Winger screenplay by Jenny Lumet directed by Jonathan Demme by Walter Chaw The Darwin chart of this breed of American indie, otherwise known as unlikely shrines to The Celebration (or Festen, if you prefer), follows in the United States with something like Margot at the Wedding near the top as most-evolved down mid-way to Rachel Getting Married and its histrionic Demme-tasse reduction, down to ankle-deep--we're talking primordial muck--with Dan in Real Life. That last one, from Pieces of April perpetrator Peter Hedges, squanders an unusual amount of currency in Steve Carell (at his melancholic zenith), pairing him with Juliette Binoche in a bittersweet romantic imbroglio that absolutely does not deserve the happy horseshit ending slathered on it to apologize for its occasional poignancy. It's not that I enjoy being sad, it's that I enjoy getting a condescending handjob even less. I'm willing to forgive the bad slapstick of a group-aerobics session,... Bill Chambers True Blood: The Complete Second Season (2009) + True Blood: The Complete Third Season (2010) - Blu-ray Discs,2003:post-6a0168ea36d6b2970c017c387a84bf970b 2013-04-10T20:28:40-05:00 2013-04-10T19:35:33-05:00 Image A Sound A+ Extras B- S2: "Nothing But the Blood," "Keep This Party Going," "Scratches," "Shake and Fingerpop," "Never Let Me Go," "Hard-Hearted Hannah," "Release Me," "Timebomb," "I Will Rise Up," "New World in My View," "Frenzy," "Beyond Here Lies Nothin'" S3: "Bad Blood," "Beautifully Broken," "It Hurts Me Too," "9 Crimes," "Trouble," "I Got a Right to Sing the Blues," "Hitting the Ground," "Night on the Sun," "Everything Is Broken," "I Smell a Rat," "Fresh Blood," "Evil Is Going On" by Walter Chaw "True Blood" is pulp crap. Yet as Bryant and Bill have already so eloquently pointed out, it's highly-addictive pulp crap--the sort of shallow, handsomely-mounted titillation that fosters the craze that sprung up around prime-time soaps like "Dynasty" and "Falcon Crest". White-collar smut that traffics in the currency of the age: once upon a time it was the super-rich, now it's the supernatural. Plus ça change, plus c'est la meme. It's certainly soapier than showrunner/creator Alan Ball's previous pay-cable drama, "Six Feet Under", but to its credit what "True Blood" does in returning sexuality--and gore, and (southern) Gothic trappings--to the vampire mythos, it does well. The shame of it is that it seems to be ashamed... Bill Chambers Big Love: The Complete Second Season (2007) - DVD,2003:post-6a0168ea36d6b2970c017eea1558f8970d 2013-04-08T10:27:42-05:00 2013-04-08T10:28:17-05:00 Image A Sound A Extras C+ "Damage Control," "The Writing on the Wall," "Reunion," "Rock and a Hard Place," "Vision Thing," "Dating Game," "Good Guys and Bad Guys," "Kingdom Come," "Circle the Wagons," "The Happiest Girl," "Take Me As I Am," "Oh, Pioneers" by Alex Jackson There's definitely something cheeky and slyly subversive at the core of HBO's "Big Love". The show is the brainchild of Mark V. Olsen and Will Scheffer, an openly-gay couple who've been together since the early-'90s. That single fact opens up some interesting connections when it comes to polygamy. The standard argument religious groups have against homosexuality is that it's unnatural: Two men or two women cannot naturally procreate and therefore it's deviant, godless behaviour. By contrast, polygamy is possibly more natural than monogamy--you could argue that males are hardwired to spread their seed with as many females as possible and it is not cost efficient, evolutionarily speaking, to restrict yourself to one woman. And if the ability to procreate is what makes heterosexuality more moral than homosexuality, then we have to admit that polygamists are able to procreate "better" than monogamists and so polygamy should be embraced as the morally superior lifestyle. RUNNING TIME... Bill Chambers In Treatment [Season One] (2008) + Tell Me You Love Me: The Complete First Season (2007) - DVDs,2003:post-6a0168ea36d6b2970c017c37ff5d97970b 2013-03-21T21:08:31-05:00 2013-03-21T21:08:31-05:00 Image B Sound B Extras B ("Tell Me You Love Me") by Walter Chaw It's a show about the traditional mode of psychoanalysis--a nine-week, five days-a-week series detailing shrink Paul (Gabriel Byrne) and four patients, culminating each "Friday" in Paul's own session with former mentor Gina (Dianne Wiest). It's based on a popular Israeli drama that was the brainchild of such filmmaking talents as Eran Kolarin and Nir Bergman. And though it begins stilted and ends badly, its thick mid-section is the enabler of our obsessive, maybe ugly, voyeuristic impulses, gratifying the viewer with the sensation that, for all the dense verbal webs spun in these little progressive one-acts, the real expert is the viewer. "In Treatment" clarifies the role of the observer in this media, how the active participant is always involved in an anthropological exercise deconstructing the characters' motives and actions--and how that critical facility, eternally underused, is occasionally gratified by material that's not quite smarter than you, but appears to be. RUNNING TIME 30 minutes/episode MPAA Not Rated ASPECT RATIO(S) 1.78:1 (16x9-enhanced) LANGUAGES English DD 5.1 Spanish DD 2.0 (Stereo) CC Yes SUBTITLES English French Spanish REGION 1 DISC TYPE 9 DVD-9s STUDIO HBO RUNNING TIME 45... Bill Chambers Carnivàle: The Complete First Season (2003) - DVD,2003:post-6a0168ea36d6b2970c017d422e83b9970c 2013-03-21T20:58:59-05:00 2013-03-21T20:58:59-05:00 Image A Sound A Extras C "Milfay," "After the Ball Is Over," "Tipton," "Black Blizzard," "Babylon," "Pick a Number," "The River," "Lonnigan, Texas," "Insomnia," "Hot and Bothered," "The Day of the Dead," "The Day That Was the Day" by Walter Chaw It's the Depression in Dust Bowl United States, and Ben (Nick Stahl) really needs a bath: His mother's just died (but not before hissing at him to keep his distance, Mr. Antichrist) and he's in the act of burying her when a traveling carnival happens along to spirit him away before the local constabulary can. The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy threatens briefly to break out as a bulldozer shows up to raze Ben's ramshackle homestead, but hey diddley hee, the roustie's life for me, says Ben. In a way, comparisons of HBO's handsomely-mounted "Carnivàle" to Douglas Adams's brilliant stuff is apt as Ben, like Adams's everyman Arthur, is orphaned from his home, set adrift in an absurd universe in the company of freaks, and burdened with the responsibility for the salvation of all mankind. A parallel story, joined to Ben's by a couple of early dream sequences, involves preacher-man Brother Crowe (Clancy Brown) navigating some tricky incestual straits... Bill Chambers Neighbouring Sounds (2013),2003:post-6a0168ea36d6b2970c017c37656176970b 2013-03-07T16:21:16-05:00 2013-03-07T16:27:49-05:00 O som ao redor ***½/**** starring Gustavo Jahn, Maeve Jinkings, W.J. Solha, Irma Brown written and directed by Kleber Mendonça Filho by Angelo Muredda In his 1975 survey of trends in Canadian literature, Northrop Frye famously diagnosed the national character as paranoiac, fraught with nightmares about being invaded by the outside world. That so-called garrison mentality, Frye offered, meant early white Canadian settlers bonded together against both the malevolent nature past their forts and the more generalized outside threats it represented--shutting their doors to anyone who seemed the slightest bit unneighbourly. Although Frye had a very specific community in mind, it's hard not to see it reflected in the gated neighbourhood of critic-turned-filmmaker Kleber Mendonça Filho's Neighbouring Sounds, a conclave of middle-class northern Brazilian condo-dwellers who define themselves by the riffraff they discard, whether car-stereo thieves or sleeping doormen. Part-Hanekian surveillance thriller and part-Altmanesque ensemble of overlapping voices, it's one of the most assured debut features to land in years, the sort of fully-formed high-concept work you expect after a couple of interesting misfires. The snappishness of Filho's ensemble--who tentatively share a street in the south of Recife, one of Brazil's highest-density metropolitan areas--is all the more alarming because there... Bill Chambers Holy Motors (2012) - Blu-ray Disc,2003:post-6a0168ea36d6b2970c017d3df1810f970c 2013-02-24T16:17:16-05:00 2013-02-25T16:55:39-05:00 ****/**** Image B Sound B- Extras B starring Denis Lavant, Edith Scob, Eva Mendes, Kylie Minogue written and directed by Leos Carax click any image to enlarge by Angelo Muredda It's no great shock that Holy Motors is innovative, coming from the same headspace as The Lovers on the Bridge and Mauvais Sang--movies that seemed fashioned out of whole cloth despite their indebtedness to names like David Bowie and Herman Melville. What's most surprising is that beneath the formal variety and cheekiness, mainstays of Leos Carax's freewheeling cinema, is a moving and altogether serious exploration of what it means to be an actor, in both a professional and a metaphysical sense. Carax's films have been ranked among the boldest aesthetic manifestos since the 1980s for good reason, yet the ineffable quality that distinguishes them from the superficially similar grandstanding of nascent stylists like Xavier Dolan is their deep sincerity and unabashed adoration of the eccentric city-dwellers who cross paths on the loneliest roads in urban France. If Holy Motors is even wilder in presentation than its predecessors, then, it's also perfectly legible within a body of work that's always found a human streak in the avant-garde. RUNNING TIME 115 minutes... Bill Chambers Friday Night Lights (2004) [Widescreen] - DVD,2003:post-6a0168ea36d6b2970c017c36e1156a970b 2013-02-15T00:01:00-05:00 2013-02-14T15:29:42-05:00 ***/**** Image A Sound B+ Extras B+ starring Billy Bob Thornton, Derek Luke, Jay Hernandez, Lucas Black screenplay by David Aaron Cohen and Peter Berg, based on the book Friday Night Lights: A Town, a Team, and a Dream by H.G. Bissinger directed by Peter Berg by Walter Chaw Turning the microscope on the reptile hearts and minds of small-town sports culture, Peter Berg's Friday Night Lights is so alive with seething energy and meanness that it emerges as one of the better sports films on the short list of good sports films. It's what the Omaha Beach sequence in Spielberg's Saving Private Ryan is to Oliver Stone's Platoon: an evolution by way of devolution that erases the veneer, such as there is, prettifying violent confrontation, becoming in the process the unadorned engine to which Stone's ultimately featherweight Any Given Sunday aspired. It finds Lucas Black (as star quarterback Mike Winchell) reunited with Sling Blade co-star Billy Bob Thornton (playing his coach, Gary Gaines), with the mental disability roles reversed ("There's something wrong with my head," Winchell complains) but the peek under the Rockwell covers at insular, provincial psychosis transplanted intact. Friday Night Lights is a work of sociology, a... Bill Chambers Valentine's Day (2010) - Blu-ray Disc,2003:post-6a0168ea36d6b2970c017c36e12673970b 2013-02-14T15:47:09-05:00 2013-02-14T15:57:22-05:00 ZERO STARS/**** Image B Sound B Extras C starring Jessica Alba, Kathy Bates, Jessica Biel, Bradley Cooper screenplay by Katherine Fugate directed by Garry Marshall by Walter Chaw There are worse directors working today than Garry Marshall, but not many and then not much worse. I've vowed on a few occasions (like after Beaches, Pretty Woman, Exit to Eden, The Other Sister, Raising Helen, Georgia Rule) to never subject myself to another Marshall joint--certainly to never bother reviewing another one. What's the point, really, of taking the piss out of this guy and his movies? They're consistently, stridently tone deaf; unfailingly saccharine; morally suspect; visually uninteresting; casually racist/misogynist/classist/homophobic; and dangerously enervating to the point of meriting some kind of warning label. Marry Marshall's adorable dog/kid reaction shots and wholesale white-rape of Motown standards to a bloated ensemble cast (everyone from Jamie Foxx to Kathy Bates--yes, it's horrific) enacting a two-hour version of Marshall's career-launching TV series "Love, American Style" and what you get is every bit the horror movie the title Valentine's Day suggests. RUNNING TIME 125 minutes MPAA PG-13 ASPECT RATIO(S) 1.78:1 (1080p/MPEG-4) LANGUAGES English 5.1 DTS-HD MA French DD 5.1 Spanish DD 5.1 SUBTITLES English SDH French Spanish... Bill Chambers
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| 174
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look up any word, like bootylicious:
1. 2face
2pac and Scarface collabo and created one hot album to be released 2day on the 8th of august w0000ttt...The Mix is almost as hot as if Biggie and Pac or Rakim and Nas were one.
Muh Niggaz, 2face be some tight ass balla shit, If you do not agree..Suge knight will force urine down your throat and arrange your death.
2. 2face
A person who pretend's to be a friend or colleague but hangs around you only to gather material to talk shit about you for his main friends or colleagues.
John: Ain't that guy you're lunching with from the marketing department?
Nick: Yeah, hes probably gathering 2face material, but anyway it's all good as far as he pay for his own food.
3. 2Face
A very good rap artist i heard who some of his ok stuff Is on soundclick.com under 2Face2005 AWESOME
Man you heard 2Face's new song
oooh man its tite
by AWESOMOE Feb 22, 2005 add a video
rss and gcal
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| 462
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Australia's Great Barrier Reef Made Easy
How to have a swimmingly good time in the world's most sprawling reef system, and why you'll want to go soon.
WHY? Scuba divers around the world dream of spotting an ockie in a bommie—that would be an octopus in a coral outcropping—but you don't have to be breathing air out of a tank to take in the spectacle: Dolphins, innocuous reef sharks, six types of sea turtles, and 1,500 varieties of tropical fish live amid the neon-colored coral in the planet's most sprawling reef system. Paralleling the northeastern coast of the Australian continent, the Great Barrier Reef—which forms more than 70 islands, or cays, atop its coral shoals—stretches for more than 1,250 miles across the Coral Sea and is a haven for snorkelers and divers alike.
HOW? For beginners: High-speed catamarans and sailing vessels make the daily 90-minute run to the reef from Cairns and offer passengers at least four hours in the water. Great Barrier Reef Dive & Snorkel Adventures also operates the glass-bottom boat Compass—you can watch the underwater show, narrated by a marine biologist, as you voyage (reeftrip.com, $79 per person, including lunch and snorkeling equipment, glass-bottom boat and marine biologist package $13 extra). For the advanced: If you're a certified diver, leave land behind and head out for a two-night jaunt with Pro Dive Cairns (prodivecairns.com/liveaboards.html, from $600, including double or twin cabin, meals, equipment, and up to 11 dives). It's a terrific value—two-tank outings in the Caribbean start at $100—and the ultimate way to see the mysteries Down Under: Days begin and end in the water.
WHEN? Soon. Global warming and rising sea temperatures are taking their toll: Charlie Veron, former chief scientist of the Australian Institute of Marine Science, recently warned that the Great Barrier Reef will be "in tatters" by 2030. The Zoological Society of London feels the future of the reef is so bleak it plans to freeze coral samples in liquid nitrogen. Heed the warning and go now! Fortunately, the best time to dive off Cairns is during the dry stretch, from May through October, when Australia's low season (May–June)and shoulder season (August–September) has flights at their most reasonable. June flights from Los Angeles to Cairns are currently starting at $1,057 per person on Qantas, with a free stopover in Brisbane or Sydney.
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http://www.budgettravel.com/feature/australias-great-barrier-reef-made-easy,6431/?src=blgrc
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EVERY country has national myths, and one of Britain's most enduring is that of the stiff upper lip. This suggests that Britons are strong, self-reliant types who remain calm and unbending in the face of adversity. Of course, many national myths are just that, and on April 14th a survey instead painted Britons as quivering jellies, beset by fear and anxiety over everything from crime to terrorism, the economy and the pace of technological change.
On its face the poll, conducted on behalf of the Mental Health Foundation (MHF), a charity, makes worrying reading. Three-quarters of its respondents agreed that the world is scarier today than it was ten years ago, and that people are more frightened and anxious. They blamed everything from a government seen as keen to hype terrorist threats (an accusation recently made by Paddy Ashdown, a former leader of the Liberal Democrats) to the supposed infantilisation produced by official exhortations to “mind the gap” at train platforms and eat plenty of fruit and vegetables, topped off by a media that cheerfully regurgitates scare stories in order to shift papers.
Celia Richardson, the MHF's director of campaigns, thinks that people are responding to the effects of an emotional arms race. Modern media-savvy governments realise that, with so many messages competing for the public's attention—about benefit fraud, climate change, crime, drunkenness, obesity and terrorism—ramping up the fright factor is the easiest way to make sure individual messages get through. She compares a famous second world war poster that exhorted people to “keep calm and carry on” with modern warnings about smoking or junk food expressly designed to be as terrifying as possible.
Look a little closer, though, and people seem reassuringly resilient to doom-mongering. Official survey data suggest that the number of people suffering from anxiety disorders is up, but only slightly, from 13.3% in 1993 to 15% in 2007 (in America the figure is 18%). Mental health is tricky to measure, but Britain does not seem noticeably worse than other rich nations. Its suicide rate is low, and the OECD, a rich-nation think-tank, reckons that British prescriptions of anti-depressants hover around the average.
People also overestimate just how jumpy their countrymen are. Although 77% of respondents agreed that “people are more frightened or anxious than they used to be”, only 37% felt that way themselves, whereas 29% said they were more sanguine than before. That discrepancy extends to specific terrors: 63% of people think the economic situation is a major cause of fearfulness in others, but only 12% of respondents confessed to feeling “quite” or “very” scared about it personally (see chart). Shame or self-delusion may explain some of the difference (28% of respondents claimed, rather improbably, never to feel frightened about anything). But they cannot explain it all.
In any case, the reign of terror may soon start to ease: the government's new mental-health strategy requires it to promote the mental well-being of the public at large. Whether that will stem the litany of doom is unclear: Britons continue obstinately to smoke, speed and be fat, and the impulse to terrify them out of such sins will remain hard to resist.
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Developer time is rivalrous
Sun 07 June 2009
Martin Owens writes on the subject of open source economics:
What I would suggest is that we are looking at the problem the wrong way. While software is not rivalrous or excludable, software development as a service is excludable (although not quite rivalrous) and this is important.
Fundamentally, I'm not sold on "source code isn't excludable". Or computer data of any sort for that matter. If I make a photo, I can exclude it by not publishing it until I receive payment for it. Similarly, if I hire Martin to patch the source code for a project, I can exclude others from that work simply by not publishing the patch. It's tempting to apply the following logic to excludable goods:
1. HackerWare publishes an open source product, FizBuzz.
2. SuitSales Inc discovers FizBuzz has a flaw.
3. SuitSales Inc, depending on FizBuzz, hires a Joe The Programmer to fix the bug for them in house.
4. (the "software isn't excludable" step/fallacy) Joe the Programmer gives the patch away for free to people, maybe even HackerWare.
Except Joe the Programmer doesn't have to give the patch away for free. He could go around consulting with SuitSales's competitors and repeat the transaction, at significantly lower costs (people complain about this practice in the IT community). He might even negotiate an agreement with people not share his patch. But even if he doesn't, SuitSales Inc. has the same incentives: share in exchange for cash. In any case, some action has to be taken for a third party to enjoy the benefits of the patch.
In fact, the GPL isn't enough to make normal code a public good. You're under no obligation to publish patches for private use, and no third party is required to be involved. Instead, the GPL is sort of a compromise, to undo the damage copyright has wrought on the process. Copyright provides massive incentives to produce "intellectual property." Ever notice how "hit-driven" markets seem to deal exclusively with intellectual property? Movies, music, software, books; theres more stuff out there that I want to enjoy than I could spend a lifetime consuming.
So if this is more of a club good, why do people offer code seemingly for free? Joe might give the patch away in exchange for some peer review of his code before he offers it to his clients for production use. SuitSales might want ease of maintenance, because carrying a delta incurs a cost. The GPL provides grease on the wheels for this.
And why would HackerWare release the code in the first place? Because all this consulting work is, and always has been, the gravy train, and HackerWare has a major competitive advantage. They can advertise support contracts at the same place you get the software from, and they know the heart of the code.
So I find Martin Owen's proposal interesting, but probably misguided. He denigrates support contracts as somehow indirect and undesirable, when it's really a good way to insure a group of users and fund development in the process. The trouble with buying and selling developer time directly is one of estimation. Generally speaking, you hire developers for their output. It's generally believed that programmer productivity is unequal and hard to measure beforehand, so you really have no idea how many "blocks" you'd need to spend to prioritize a feature or bug. And how would you enforce hours worked?
Most importantly, what does escrow do with failed projects?
Comments !
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View Full Version : First trip to the ER (long)
04-29-2004, 10:51 PM
Well, I swore it wouldn't happen. I'd read all the posts and think, I won't need to post anything like that. I'm really careful. So maybe he'll go in high school after an atheletic event...
Carson's had an infection in his finger for about a week. We were putting hydrogen peroxide and Neosporin on it since last Friday (per the doctor's orders.) Mom came over to visit yesterday and got me kind of concerned, so I called the doctor again and we went in for him to check it last night.
The doctor said that it looks like it is improving (from my descriptions), and to continue what we are doing (hydrogen peroxide and Neosporin) and to start him on an antibiotic because it is an infection and it needs to be cured from the inside.
today, he was playing around 3:45 after just "snacking". He was moving so quickly through all of his toys. I was on the couch, paging through a magazine and watching him. He ended up next to the couch where we keep the bigger toys and was playing with the push cart that we just borrowed 2 days ago from our neighbor. It has little mail slots on it to put plasitc "mail" and they open as doors. Anyway, all the sudden I heard a shriek, much more high pitched and louder than a "fall-and-get-back-up" pout. I knew something was wrong. I picked him up and he was screaming and catching his breath... so red in the face. So I saw his hand was all bloody. I ran him over to the sink and sprayed warm/cold water on it to rinse it off so I could figure out which finger/where it was. Of course, it was the infected finger. It was like a faucet with blood and I tried to keep it under the water, but he was really crying. So I called the doctor's office. They wanted me to put pressure on it for a few minutes to stop the bleeding, then ice it if he'd let me. Took a cloth and put pressure on it, but he would just scream. I decided to take him outside to distract him and me, and we walked up and down the street singing. Then we sat on the stairs. Everytime I tried to change the pressure point, to try to stop the bleeding, he would scream. (I sang to calm him down.) So I decided to breastfeed him to calm him. That worked a little, but he was still in too much pain. Called Steve after about 30 minutes and we talked and decided it was time to go to the doctor. So I put 4 bandaids on it and put him in the car. Promptly, he fell asleep and I called the doctor who told me to go to the ER.
First, I had to call Steve to find out where the nearest hospital is (I was a little in shock, but I'm also still learning the area.) I got there, but made a wrong turn on the way. It was a beautiful hosptial!! The people were so great to us and Carson was the entertainment for the ER waiting room. As long as the bandage didn't come loose, he was smiling and jumping and "talking" to everyone. When we finally got in to see the doctor, they decided that there wasn't much they could do. It was too small to stitch and if it is broken, they would only recommend a bandage and an antibiotic, so since he was already getting that, they didn't even x-ray.
I felt a little embarrassed because we spent the afternoon in the ER and all he needed was a bandage of guaze. But now we need to stop the hydro-peroxide and Neosporin and continue the antibiotic for 9 more days.
It still bleeds when irritated so I have a feeling it will be a long few days while it heals. We'll go back to the doctor on Monday.
Just a thought... I remember at Carson's 6 month appt., the ped said, "okay, we'll see you in 3 months." My response was, "I have a feeling we'll be in before then." Since his 6 month appt., we've been in 6 times... this will be number 7 on Monday! And he has over a month to go until his 9 month appt. Yikes!
04-29-2004, 11:25 PM
Oh Julie! I am so glad that Carson is ok. What an afternoon you have had. I am sure you were frantic but I am glad all is ok.
Mom to Julia 6-13-02
And baby #2 EDD 12-30-04!!
04-29-2004, 11:35 PM
Good to hear that Carson is ok! What a scare you had. I hope after Monday you don't see your ped again until his 9-month appointment!
04-29-2004, 11:36 PM
What a day! Poor little guy. I hope he isn't in too much pain.
Mommy to Jackson 11-10-02
04-29-2004, 11:36 PM
I'm so glad Carson is ok. I know how scary those ER visits are...we had to take Sammy in when he fell off the counter. We felt kind of dumb when we walked out a few hours later without even a bandaid, but it's better safe then sorry.
I wanted to tell you that I was taught in nursing school not to use hydrogen peroxide on wounds because it actually interferes with the healing process by inhibiting the build-up of a scab. I imagine every health care professional has their own theory on wound healing, but just wanted to pass that along for your consideration. Also, to throw another wrench into it, my dh is a pharmacist and he swears that Neosporin doesn't really help much with skin infections because it doesn't fight the most common bacteria that cause most skin infections. He says oral antibiotics and soap and water are the way to go for infections. Take it for what it's worth. Like I said, there are lots of different theories out there.
Glad Carson is ok :)
Lisa - mom to 10 month old twin boys who's sure she's going to be going through a LOT of bandaids and ER visits in the future with my guys :)
04-30-2004, 09:35 AM
Lisa, It's interesting you mention that. My DH had the same comment yesterday afternoon. He thinks the hydroperox. dried it out. I'm going to mention it to the doctor. At the ER they were like, "NOOOOO! don't continue doing that" and had abot the same comment as your dh.
thanks to everyone for your notes!
04-30-2004, 11:01 AM
Aww, Julie - hugs to you and to poor little Carson! You must have been soo worried when he wouldn't stop crying and you couldn't get the bleeding to stop. Glad it turned out ok and I hope he heals soon!
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Showing All "Toilets" Posts
I recognize that we live in a new era of over-communication, where every dull moment of our quotidian lives is meticulously recorded and broadcast. That's just the way things are now. Your mom logged… Read Story »
Evidence #3224: whether or not this girl's toilet paper prank against her dad is effective or hilarious (neither) is overshadowed by the fact that this girl should STOP VIDEOTAPING HER DAD GOING TO… Read Story »
From the latest issue of Goop (via GoldenFiddlr), you guys: Doo Doo. Perfect. She probably wrote this one herself because she didn't trust her ghostwriter to get the tone right. Nailed it. I'm… Read Story »
You know who uses dry, ordinary toilet paper? Poor people. Introducing Aaah?, a revolutionary new product that allows you to squirt a dollop of aloe-infused foam onto your toilet paper, making your… Read Story »
Advertising Executive 1: Gene, baby, we've got to get the word out on the streets about the new season of your reality show, and we've got some ideas. Gene Simmons: Hit me. Advertising Executive 2: A… Read Story »
I don't know what's creepier: all the crazy eyes here, the little girl, "all day and (looks at boyfriend)...night," or the line "I really do love my Biffy." Just what are all these women… Read Story »
You know those cable access commercials promising you an exciting life in computer animation? Well, this is what they meant. LIVE IT UP. To be fair, we can tease the graduates of Mr. Bo Jangles… Read Story »
Oh. My. God. This is a real promo for "The Quattro" toilet by St. Thomas Creations, demonstrating its ability to flush carrots, chess pieces, and many more things that were not gross until… Read Story »
Hey, look, there's a restaurant in Taiwan where you sit on toilets while you eat! That sounds much more suited to a really funny mid-90's sketch on HBO than real life, and it was! Remember (or see… Read Story »
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Concerns Raised About Broken Florida Hydrant
The fire hydrant across the street from the ruined house was out of service.
DELTONA, Fla. --
Investigators said a fire that gutted a home in Deltona Monday night was set deliberately, making it a big concern to neighbors.
But the fact that the fire hydrant across the street from the ruined house was out of service raised even bigger concerns.
Deltona firefighters did not know the fire hydrant was out of service until they arrived on the scene and saw a bag over the hydrant. As a result, the house kept burning while firefighters worked to find the next closest water source.
"I saw huge flames and what looked like fireworks shooting up into the sky," said neighbor Louis Lenoir.
The fire literally blew the roof off of the house, and had swelled to an inferno by the time firefighters arrived. Officials confirmed that someone must have deliberately set it ablaze.
"This was obviously a deliberately set fire, with accelerants of some type that obviously were used to create this large volume of fire this rapidly," said Bob Rogers of the Deltona Fire Department.
As a result of the accelerants, firefighters do not think they could have saved the home, but they were nevertheless surprised to find their efforts hampered by the out-of-service fire hydrant.
Lenoir said he was very concerned by this revelation.
"You work all day and you come home and you put your kids to bed," said Lenoir. "You like to think that if anything ever happened, you're taken care of."
Firefighters used a tanker to get immediate water on the fire, while others laid hose to the next closest hydrant-- more than a quarter-mile away.
"We just brought in the trucks and we did a lay from the house that was on fire to the hydrant," said Rogers. "It was about 1,700-1,800 feet away."
The nonworking hydrant does not belong to Deltona, but rather Volusia County Utilities. It was the company's responsibility to notify the city the hydrant was out.
"Why that didn't happen this time, we don't know," said Rogers. "We're working with them to find out what happened and why we didn't get notification that this fire hydrant was out of service."
Volusia County officials held several meetings Tuesday to investigate why the fire department was not notified.
The owner of the torched home is out of the country. It was not immediately clear whether the owner is aware of the arson.
No one was injured in the blaze.
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De Palma and Pacino to make biopic
Scarface team Brian De Palma and Al Pacino are set to reunite on an upcoming biopic.
Brian, who directed Al in the 1983 gangster film, has signed up to work with the star on a movie about the late former Penn State head football coach Joe Paterno, Deadline reported.
The film, which has a tentative title of Happy Valley, is reportedly expected to depict how Paterno's legacy at the school was tarnished by the revelation of his knowledge of defensive co-ordinator Jerry Sandusky's molestation of children.
Al - who also played a football coach in the 1999 film Any Given Sunday - has been attached to play Paterno for some time.
He is also set to star in an upcoming film version of Shakespeare's King Lear, which is currently in pre-production.
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Let's face it, building HTML forms and the processing behind them sucks. Alot. In fact, it sucks so much, that one group decided they'd build a product to help alleviate some of the pains of form building. And, well frankly, it rocks. It's Wufoo, and I have got to stop typing 'Wafoo'.
Generally speaking, Wufoo nails the administration of creating, managing and tracking basic to complex web-based forms. In my experience, the administration of these forms is where the general population of developers either forgot about or just plain didn't really care too much about. When I was at Sensis, building the forms consisted of the group telling me what fields and field types they wanted, and me building the forms by hand. Then, of course, followed the construction of processing and validation of form data. The only real parts we cared about were:
• The actual fields of the form themselves, and how they're laid out
• The reporting and management of the data after the form has been submitted
So there, I proved it to you. There just isn't enough emphasis on the management of the actual form itself after it's built.
Fortunately for Wufoo, they do it all well. They handle the management of form fields and layout, what to do with the data when the form is submitted, and some basic reporting and data management to summarize it all up. Did I mention it supports payment processing and has an API for developers (cha ching)?
The web app doesn't even warrant me explaining how to use it. Here, do this:
Go to website. Click 'Sign up for free'. Sign up for the 'Free' account. Then create your first form.
So why should an organization like ours, with many hundreds of possible forms, and hundreds of people who want to manage those forms themselves, be so interested in this app? It's not about developer laziness, it's about knowing where to draw the line between rewriting the wheel and not. The wheel's been written, and for multi-user, multi-form, non-centralized form management, it's at Wufoo.com.
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|
Name: PWFP003.EXE
Security Level: Unknown (Scan PWFP003.EXE)
Infected OS:Windows NT/2000/XP/Vista (Scan PWFP003.EXE)
Similar Threats: Downloader.Generic3.JRA, PSW.Generic6.AORJ, Downloader.Agent.KVZ,
The file PWFP003.EXE is possibly a legitimate Windows file or a disguised threat. Please notice that malicious PC threats always good at delete or cover the legitimate files and then pretend to be normal files to compromise system. You may never realize that you have malicious PWFP003.EXE file hiding on your system. So it is highly recommended to run an instant full scan over your system to check for the file PWFP003.EXE and any other PE files ( dll, exe, sys, tmp, etc) to secure your computer system. Check and Diagnose PWFP003.EXE immediately.
Warning: If you find that the PWFP003.EXE process executes and runs from any other suspicious locations, you need to scan your computer with a security program. Because such fishy phenomenon could be caused by virus or trojan horse. Some of the viruses will disguise PWFP003.EXE running on your computer to attack the system and steal important data.
Possible Location:
C:\Program Files\Common Files
Possible Infected Registry Entries:
Recent Infected countries:
Run a Scan to Detect PWFP003.EXE and other PC Threats Now!
How to Remove a False PWFP003.EXE?
It is a high risk to remove the PWFP003.EXE file by manual unless you are extremely good at computer maintenance. Most of the malicious files including PWFP003.EXE are pretended in the file extensions. If you incorrectly remove the necessary file extensions, this operation will damage your computer. What is worse, you can not ensure that you can remove PWFP003.EXE file completely from your PC and your system becomes corrupted. Thus, for most of the computer users, it is suggested to download and install Best Spyware Scanner to scan and remove infected PWFP003.EXE and other threats such as Virus, Trojan, Adware and Spyware.
Want to remove PWFP003.EXE?
Hope to stop your PC from being attacked by malicious programs?
It is 100% guaranteed to remove PWFP003.EXE from your PC completely with Best Spyware Scanner.
|
http://www.bestspywarescanner.net/errors/PWFP003.EXE.html
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Alert Moderator
((Goodfellas : The Classic))[[10]]
One of those movies I can watch over and over. Even if it's on TV and I haven't started from the beginning I'll still watch the rest! The soundtrack is amazing and fits in perfectly with the scenes. I can't pick one fault with it except it made me want to become a gangster, which probably isn't a good thing.
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TUCoPS :: Privacy :: LIEDCTR.TXT
Meet and beat the lie detector
%% %%
%% Meet and Beat the Lie Detector %%
%% %%
%% Stolen from the book %%
%% BIG SECRETS! %%
%% by: William Poundstone %%
%% %%
%% Typed By %%
%% --==**>>THE RELFEX<<**==-- %%
%% [Member: Omnipotent, Inc.] %%
%% %%
%% 80-col for Countlegger 8 and %%
%% various typo. corrections by %%
%% Count Lazlo Hollifeld-Nibble %%
%% %%
The polygraph test was invented by William Moulton Marston, who was,
strangely enough, also the creator of the "Wonder Woman" comic strip
(under the name Charles Moulton). The standard polygraph records
only three distinct vital signs. A blood-pressure cuff on the upper
arm measures changes in blood pressure. Wires attached to the
fingers measure changes in electrical resistance of the skin due to
sweating. Rubber straps around the torso measure the breathing
rate. This information is displayed as four squiggles on a moving
strip of graph paper.
Whether or not you believe a polygraph provides useful information
(most psychologists have their doubts), there is a good chance you'll
be asked to take a polygraph test. The vast majority of lie-detector
tests are administered for employee screening--"Have you been using
the WATS like for personal calls?" and so forth--not for police
work. In 'A Tremor In the Blood: Uses and Abuses of the Lie
Detector' (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1981), polygraph critic David
Thoreson Lykken estimates that as many as one million polygraph
examinations are performed on Americans each year. In criminal cases
however, even the manifestly innocent may be asked to take a
polygraph test. All Yakima County, Washington, rape victims are
required to take the test; refusal means the case will not be
At best, all the polygraph can indicate is a heightened emotional
reaction to a question. It cannot specify what kind of an emotional
reaction. Polygraphers try to design question formats so
guilt-induced nervousness will be the only emotional invoked and so
the subject's reaction to relevant questions can be compared to
other, "control" questions.
This is the question format used in most police investigations. It
usually starts with a card trick devised by two pioneer polygraphers,
John E. Reid and F. E. Inbau.
The polygrapher hooks the subject to the polygraph and takes out a
deck of cards. The polygrapher tells the subject that he must
"calibrate" the polygraph with a simple test. He fans the deck and
asks the subject to select a card. The subject is told to look at
the card but not to show it or mention its name. The polygrapher
tells the subject to answer "no" to every question asked about the
card. "Is it a black card?" the polygrapher asks. "Is it a high
card?" and so on. After each "no" the polygrapher scrutinizes the
tracings and fiddles with the dials. If the no answer is incorrect,
the polygrapher disagrees. The field is soon narrowed to one
card--and it is the correct card.
Needless to say, the polygrapher uses a trick deck. The point is to
foster confidence in the machine. After identifying the card, the
polygrapher comments that the subject's reactions are particularly
easy to read and segues into the interrogation.
Three types of questions are used in a lie-control test. The entire
list is read to the subject well in advance of the test. The start
of a typical interrogation might run like this:
1. Is your name Sarah Elkins?
2. Is Paris the capital of France?
3. Have you ever failed to report more than $50 of tip, gambling or gift
income on a single year's tax return?
4. Is this apple red?
5. Do you have any idea why the cash reciepts for the last quarter are about
$22,000 in error?
6. Is there something important that you did not mention on your job
7. Have you ever been embezzling from the company?
The first question is always irrelevant to the matter being
investigated. It has to be because many subjects get nervous on the
first question no matter what. Other irrelevant questions are asked
throughout the interrogation (questions 2 and 4 in the sample list).
If the subject gives any thought to these questions, he assumes that
they are control questions to provide a yardstick for evaluating
responses to the relevant questions. Actually, the irrelevant
questions are there to give the subject's vital signs time to return
to normal. They aren't the control questions.
Questions 5 and 7 in the list above are relevant questions--the only
questions the examiner is really interested in. The relevant
questions are asked in several different wordings during the test.
Questions 3 and 6 are control questions. In the pretest discussion
of the questions, the polygrapher explains that it is helpful to
throw in a few "general honesty" questions. Whoever committed the
serious crime, the spiel goes, probably comitted less serious crimes
in the past. Hence the inclusion of questions about tax cheating,
lying on the job applications, stealing as a child, etc.
The polygrapher affects the attitude that it would be damaging indeed
to admit any such indiscretions. Frequently this scares the subject
into admitting minor crimes. In that case, the plygrapher frowns and
agrees to rewrite the question. Should the subject concede failing
to report eighty dollars in gambling winnings, question 3 might be
changes to "Have you ever failed to report more than a hundred
dollars of tip, gambling, or gift income on a single years's tax
return?" If necessary, several of the control questions may be
reworded before the test--always so that the subject will be able to
give the "honest" response.
In reality, the whole point of each working question is to
manufacture a lie. It is the secret working premise of polygraphers
that everyone commits the minor transgressions that are the subject
of the usual control questions. All the subject's denials on the
control questions are assumed to be lies. The polygraph tracings
during these "lies" establish a base line for interpreting the
reaction to the relevant questions.
The reason for rewriting some control questions is so a candid
subject will no admit to minor crimes on the test. That would be
telling the truth, and the polygrapher wants the subject to lie. The
control questions are intentionally broad. Even if a question is
reworded to exclude the confessed instance, it is assumed that any
denial must be a lie.
The rationale for the lie-control test goes like this: The honest
subject will be worried about the control questions. He'll know that
he has committted small transgressions or suspect that he must have,
even if he can't remember them. So he'll be afraid that the machine
will detect his deception on the "general honesty" questions
(especially in view of its success with the card trick). That would
be embarrassing at least, and it might throw suspicion on him for the
larger crime. In contrast, the relevant questions should be less
threating to the honest subject. He knows he didn't commit the
crimes they refer to.
The guilty person, on the other hand, should have far more to fear
from the relevant questions. If the machine can detect lying on the
relevant issue, it matters little that it might also implicate him in
petty matters.
By this hypothesis, an innocent person should have greater
polygraphic response to the control questions than to the relevant
questions. The guilty pattern is just the reverse: greater response
to the relevant qustions. This, at any rate, is what polygraphers
look for when the machine is switched on.
The relevant-control test is the type used for most employee
screenings. Thus it is the most common type of examination. The
interrogation consists only of irrelevant and relevant questions. As
with the lie-control test, the first question and a few others are
irrelevant. The relevant questions usually test workplace honesty:
"Have you ever taken home office supplies for personal use?" "Have
you ever clocked in for someone else?"
The premise is that no one will lie about everything. So if a few of
the relevant questions produce heightened responses, they are
presumed to be the questions on which the subject is lying.
Unfurtunately, there is no ambiguous way of deciding how much
response is indicates a lie. Most psychologists agree that the
relevant-control test is a poor test of deception.
The Reid/Inbau card trick is eliminated from employee screenings:
There is too great of a chance of coworkers comparing notes and
discoverings that everyone picked the ace of spades.
To the extent that the polygraph works at all, it works because
people believe it does. Many criminals confess during polygraph
examinations. Many employees are more honest for fear of periodic
screenings. But a dummy polygraph that hummed and scribbled
preprogrammed tracings would be no less effective in these instances.
David Thoreson Lykken estimates that lie-control polygraph tests are
about 70 percent accurate. (Remember, though, that choosing "heads"
or "tails" of a flipped coin can be accurate 50 percent of the
time.) Accuracy of 70 percent is not impressive, but it is high
enough to talk meaningfully of beating a polygraph test.
Just by having read this far, you stand a greater chance of beating a
polygraph test. You won't be wowed by the card demonstration. You
realize that the polygraph's powers are limited. There are two
additional techniques for beating the polygraph. The more obvious is
to learn how to repress physiologic responses to stressful
questions. Some people are good at this one; others are not. Most
people can get better by practicing with a polygraph. Of course,
this training requires a polygraph, and polygraphs are expensive.
The opposite approach is to pick out the control questions in the
pretest discussion and exaggerate reactions to these questions during
the test. When the control-question responses are greater than the
relevant-question responses, the polygrapher must acquit the subject.
Because breathing is one of the parameters measured, taking a deep
breath and holding it will record as an abnormal response. Flexing
the arm muscles under the cuff distorts the blood-pressure reading.
But a suspicious polygrapher may spot either ruse.
A more subtle method is to hide a tack in one shoe. Stepping on the
tack during the control questions produces stress reactions with no
outward signs of fidgeting. Biting the tounge forcefully also works.
--William Poundstone
Site design & layout copyright © 1986- AOH
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Not a resident of the United States?
• Tips and tricks for traveling with a baby
Mother's Day is this weekend and throughout the country new mothers will be traveling to visit their newly minted grandmothers for a multi-generational celebration. Yet while traveling to visit one's mother is a great idea, bringing along a baby is a different story altogether.
One suggestion to make travel easier is to book a flight with another family. While arranging a joint vacation can be difficult, keeping the newborn entertained and happy makes the journey that much easier, and by letting two babies play together both families win. This can also be achieved by traveling with older relatives like aunts or grandparents, who can watch the children for a while, allowing parents a chance to relax.
Another consideration is to ask about borrowing baby gear at the final destination. With the mounting airline fees being tacked on for baggage, using a friend of family member's stroller can save a lot of money when booking a flight.
Parents will also want to stretch out their vacation schedule so as not to agitate or tire out little ones. A tired baby typically means a fussy baby, so parents would be advised to take things a little slower while traveling with children.
Travel Guard
Certain coverages are subject to purchase requirements.
See each coverage for details.
|
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The Longstitch: The first thing to be learnt, after the washing and pressing of fabric, is the basic hand-wrought longstitch. This is a simple, fairly easy, and very strong stitch that is used primarily for seams. Its form is basically a series of loops of thread through two or more layers of fabric, each overlapping the previous by half its length.
To learn to sew a neat, straight, longstitch, procure some cheap cotton or other natural-fibre fabric, some thread of the same stuff, and a medium sharp needle.
Seams are a way of joining bits of fabric together with stitches. There are a variety of seams they have different uses.
A plain seam is the simplest method.
To create a plain seam lay the pieces of fabric with their right sides facing each other At the edge you want to join sew a line of stitches through both pieces of fabric.
Plain seam.png
Encloses the raw edges to prevent fraying.
Start off with a plain seam. Cut one of the seam allowances shorter. Tuck the longer allowance under the shorter on and stitch through all layers to hold in place.
Last modified on 27 December 2009, at 11:33
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Thursday, July 06, 2006
for 7/7: outside King's Cross
I took this photo a year ago, shortly after the London bombings. The flag had been placed near a memorial garden that blossomed in front of the train station. Shortly afterwards I was in Leeds, arriving on the very day of the Beeston raids. An uneasiness from these events hung over the International Medieval Congress, but I can't say what effects the apprehension had on the work of scholars gathered there. [And by that I mean what historicists have staked their careers upon: the pasts we imagine cannot fail to be marked by the present, so much the more when we inhabit troubled times. Present calamity sends shock waves in every direction, a temporal backwash that can change profoundly the history we know. "The Flow of Blood in Medieval Norwich" was a 9/11 project, even though it never mentions the present world.]
Not coincidentally, I'll soon be posting a review of Peter Haidu's The Subject Medieval/Modern: Text and Governance in the Middle Ages, a book that examines violence in medieval texts and modern theory.
Anonymous said...
It is surely impossible to escape the present in the past. The question is what you do with it.
The idea that the 'past is a foreign country' can be immensely powerful in critically debating ideas of 'us and them' - and remoter periods of 'our' history (like the middle ages) can be especially valuable in that respect. Of course it can also be salient to discover how many assumptions of modern social norms are grounded in past historical circumstances that were anything but natural (not just in the fields of race, sexuality, gender and personal identity - but also in attitudes to labour, markets, the environment, war, the state and so much else). It is a crime to leave the past to politicians - and politicians will always exploit the past.
A recent BBC (?) poll here suggested that History is more popular than football. When it's that powerful we ignore it at our peril! (But maybe the US is different?)
emile blauche said...
It's interesting to me, this talk of the past and the present, amounting to rootedness in time and space, the temporal, the local, the seen in history, and in the physical world.
Maslow felt such talk yielded D-Cognition (Deficiency-Cognition), precisely what interferes with the creation of a fully human future. I wonder if he wasn't on to something.
Anonymous said...
I don't think that you can easily apply 'deficiency cognition' or 'being cognition' to large fields of knowledge and experience involving millions of diverse users of the past, since (so far as I can see) Maslow's approach is grounded in the 'ego' and personal perceptions.
How people use the past (and need the past) will surely be as various as how they need and use food or money.
I agree that it is an interesting idea to play with in relation to some users of the past, however.
On a lighter note 'being cognition' is surely also a matter of life-cycle. At least many cultures associate growing age with changing needs and perceptions of need.
I have merely go my Maslow up through the power of Google - please tell me I am all wrong!
emile blauche said...
Maslow himself never avoided characterizing groups, societies, or cultures as having either B- or D-cognition. Indeed, he was deeply invested in Benedict's notion of the synergistic society.
Furthermore, Maslow was rather fond of sketching the characteristics of (indeed, generalizing about) diverse professional groups: most famously, biologists, psychologists, and artists.
I don't know if D-Cognition applies here--it was something to think about. One might note the conspicuous absence of the future in most medievalism--chockfull of the past and, more recently, the present, but light on the future.
But one thing I am certain Maslow would have found consistent with D-Cognition is an approach to history that frames it in terms of "use." Usefulness is a D-Value, whereas seeing history not as something to be used (or needed) but rather as something intrinsically interesting for its own sake is consistent with B-Cognition. (See, e. g., ch. 20, "Further Notes on COgnition" in The Farther Reaches of Human Nature, as well as ch. 6 of Toward a Psychology of Being.)
Anonymous said...
Hmm - for the synergetic society to work in relation to the past I think that you would have to break your user groups down into quite small entities. So I am not sure how useful it would become in the end.
Yes - I did understand the difference between use/need and appreciation, I just expressed myself badly. I still think B-cognition may be associated with life cycle and experience (and I suppose that might be sometimes collective as well as individual).
As for thinking about the future, I don't think it is true that this is something that medievalists either do or don't do. It very much depends on what kind of medievalist you are. Marxists, of course, engage with the future (even if they don't always make it explicit, nevertheless the underlying paradigm is future-orientated). The movements away from that kind of belief in grand dialectical processes (and that kind of narration) are diverse and complex - but by no means are they particularly associated with medievalists alone.
emile blauche said...
I am trying to find a place where Maslow ties B-Cognition/Values explicitly to the life-cycle. Perhaps you can help me out? In some sense I suppose it is always implied since he's talking generally about the development of the human organism. Still I don't recall Maslow arguing that maturation was a key variable in the production of B-Cognition.
I do know that Maslow didn't buy Erikson's stages in the sense that he didn't see any reason for generativity and integrity to be reserved for the later stages. And so Maslow talks about children having B-Cognition. (See, e. g., his "Notes on Innocent Cognition," in L. Schenk-Danzinger, & H. Thomas (Eds.),
Gegenwartsprobleme der Entwicklungspsychologie: Festschrift fur Charlotte Buhler [Gottingen: Verlag fur Psychologie, 1963].)
Sure, it depends on what kind of medievalist one is, hence my statement that "most medievalism" is marked by an avoidance of the future. The Marxists afterall comprise a terrifically small constituency (at least as far as one might find evidence of Marxism in medieval scholarship).
Eileen Joy said...
I have to agree with Emile Blauche that medievalists, for the most part, do, indeed, ignore the future [regardless of whether or not we want to say that Marxist medievalists implicitly address it, although I wonder . . . .]. It is especially interesting to think about this viz. what goes on in history departments, since a "history of the present" is often regarded as the purview of the sociologist or political scientist [although, of course, there are people in history who study "present" events, only "just after," as it were]. But my larger point is that, among historians there is also precious little attention paid to the future, although there should be *more* attention paid, since ethics, if we care about that, always has to be future-oriented [I am assuming this is an obvious point--correct me if I am wrong--de Certeau once said that a "proper census of the population of the dead" was the proper concern of history, and I agree with this--it relates to what might be called an ethical "reckoning"--but in the end, ethics has to also be ultimately oriented to some kind of question of futurity, such as "how shall we live our lives?"--to poach from the title of a Peter Singer book]. Interestingly, "Social Text" has two special issues coming out soon devoted to the topic of "Afro Futurism," and I think these will be interesting to read. I have a colleague who will have an essay in one of those issues on Colson Whitehead's novel "The Intuitionist" [excellent book, by the way] and Condoleeza Rice. But again, as E.B. points out, we don't think about the future *enough* and we should.
J J Cohen said...
In general, it is true: medievalists consider themselves custodians of the past, not (at least as part of their profession) of the present or future. Is that news to anyone?
Yet anyone who turns to the past is also opening up alternate presents and possible futures. Such temporal interweaving is inescapable, part of our being in and of time.
Surely, you could argue that medieval studies isn't the most effective way to study the future, or to open up some futurity. And you would be right. But a vector that starts back in time doesn't -- can't -- stay rooted in the past alone.
Karl Steel said...
Absolutely, simply by showing the historicity of categories and the fact that things have never always been what they were.
Looking forward to the Haidu review. I dipped into the book quickly only to see if he'd updated his 1983 article on Yvain. He hadn't. So I'd like to get a sense of his overall argument.
E said...
Not, it's not news, but what if medieval studies considered its main purview to be "the past in the present," or something like that? I've never really believed I study the past so much as I study artifacts *from* the past that, somehow, have survived into my [and others'] present moment. When I study these artifacts ["Beowulf," for example], I think of them as being "striated," as it were, by all the temporal zones through which they have passed, and I do not believe it is actually possible to analyze or study them *as if* they are anything but--because they are with us *now*, in whatever form--modern. I will share here part of a book I am working on that I hope illuminates what I mean. This is from a chapter-in-progress that compares the production of the "Electronic Beowulf" with the 20-year-restoration of Leonardo's "Last Supper," and also discusses the paintings of Anselm Kiefer and the short stories and drawings of Bruno Schulz [what follows is part of the conclusion of that chapter]:
V. All Mouth and Teeth and Motion
Returning, once again, to the question of how the scholar works in time with things that have fallen out of time, I am reminded of a story I encountered recently written by Stephen King titled "The Langoliers." It is, in many respects, a rather silly story, but it constructs a theory of time which I think applies to the way in which we need to begin thinking through the process of how past things--such as the "Beowulf" manuscript, Leonardo's frescoes, and Schulz's murals--relate to the present. The title of King's story refers to a kind of "story-within-the-story" that one of the characters, about midway through the narrative, relates about his childhood. Apparently, this character's father had been a bullying and frightening tyrant, and whenever he thought his son was being lazy or procrastinating about something he would tell him about "the Langoliers," who were all mouth and teeth and motion and moved with terrifying speed, devouring anything that moved more slowly than they did. They existed in the past, but if you wasted time they would catch up to you and eat you alive. This story so terrified this character when he was a boy that, as a grown man, he is intensely neurotic about wasting time and therefore he becomes the most "unhinged" when he gets caught up in the plot of this story that is, ultimately, about getting stuck outside of time.
In the present action of King's story, ten sleeping passengers on a plane headed for Boston wake up to discover that, even though they are tens of thousands of feet up in the sky, all of the other passengers, including the pilots, have disappeared, leaving behind only their material effects--watches, jewelry, false teeth, eyeglasses, wallets, books and magazines, etc. Somehow, we discover later, they traveled through a "rip" in the fabric of time and wound up in what appears to be an abandoned universe. Luckily, one of the remaining passengers is a pilot and he manages to land the jet in Bangor, Maine, but when the ten survivors deplane they discover that no one is there in the airport or anywhere at all in the surrounding countryside. They soon deduce--never mind how--that they have traveled to the past and it's a very unsafe place to be. In fact, it is literally in the process of using itself up--matches don't work there, the beer in the airport cafe is flat, the sandwiches have no flavor that can be tasted, electricity cannot be generated, and in the distance beyond the hills, they can hear a terrifying sound--similar to gale force winds, or a tornado--which seems to be headed their way. In fact, this is the sound of time itself literally devouring the landscape and anything else in that landscape of material heft and weight.
Realizing that they cannot stay in the past which is, finally, a vacuum that devours everything in its wake, they re-board the plane and head back to Los Angeles, the assumption being that if they go back the exact same way they came (while asleep, of course), they can go back through the time rip and end up back in the present. Never mind how this all works--it's utterly ridiculous from a scientific point-of-view. Nor shall we worry about all the plot complications I haven't shared, such as the subplot about the passenger who told his childhood story about the Langoliers actually going murderously insane and then even being devoured by whirling black holes with multiple rows of gnashing metal teeth (time itself) while the plane lifts off from the Bangor airport. The important thing is, the remaining passengers make it to the Los Angeles airport (with the one exception of the pilot who, after teaching one passenger how to land the plane, stays awake in order to steer the plane through the time rip and therefore heroically sacrifices his life for the others), and guess what? No one is in Los Angeles either, no one at all. They are now in the future and they have to wait for the present to catch up with them, which it eventually does because, oddly enough, this is a horror story with a happy ending.
The moral of the story, finally, is that one cannot travel to the past nor to the future, because nothing is actually there, and the past is even violent and dangerous due to the peculiar physics of the place. In the end, the only place that is livable is the present. But the question is begged: don't the things of the past--those watches and pairs of eyeglasses, the beer bottles and sandwiches, and even the buildings--endure somehow and come into the present, and isn't the past, then, always--if even in fragments--in the present (in other words, not completely devoured by time's voracious maw)? The answer, I think, is both "yes" and also "no," for the obvious reasons--the basic principles of evolutionary biology suffice to demonstrate that the past comes into the present through a process of ferocious will and replication, random accident, and even sheer, dumb luck, and it is through this very same process that the past often stays behind as well. The more important question is: how are we to reckon the evolutionary process by which the past comes into the present, and most properly take account of both what is lost and what remains? How, in other words, do you give the dead what they might have wanted (if you think that's important), while also attending to those around you in the present who might be in need of some possible answers to the difficult question, "why does the past matter?"--and even, the more anxious question, "why does the past matter in this particular instant of time?"
Leonardo may not have cared enough about the future in his fresco preparation in the refectory at Santa Marie delle Grazie, but we know that he was anxious about how some things might get lost in time, and he tried to prepare for it. In 1508, when he was living in Florence and collecting notes for his Codex Arundel, a compendium of many subjects--including astronomy and optics, geology, hydraulics, architecture, war machines, and the flight of birds--he wrote the following note to himself regarding his work before departing for Milan: "Take care of all these matters tomorrow, copy them, and then mark the originals with a sign and leave them in Florence, so that if you lose what you take with you, the invention will not be lost" (qtd. in Alessandro Vezzosi, Leonardo da Vinci: The Mind of the Renaissance, trans. Alexandra Bonfante-Warren [New York, 1997], 106).
Ultimately, then, the job of the contemporary scholar is to work to connect the excavated artwork--even when that artwork exists only as a fragment, or only exists in imperfect, perhaps incomplete copies--to what is essentially a re-creative and generative act in the present that will take us closer, not necessarily to how the text or painting might have looked if only it had escaped the ravages of history, but to the more mystical yet also intellectual energies of creative expression which always, in all times and places, has its limits.
emile blauche said...
It is far from axiomatic that a turn to the past opens up alternative presents and possible futures. Too many examples of becoming mired in the past vitiate such a claim. Or perhaps "opens up" is one of those impossibly vague verbs that evade contradiction or negation.
Perhaps what is meant is that turning to the past is a way of generating or calling into existence these alternate presents and possible futures. (#1)
Or perhaps what is meant is that turning to the past is a way of interpreting (as in opening up for analysis) alternate presents and possible futures. (#2)
The first does not make any sense within the terms of any conception of time with which I am familiar. But then I have always favored the Greeks with their chronos and kairos.
The second is problematic since I am not sure how we would ever know that the present we are analyzing is truly "alternative" since, by definition, it constitutes our present, or our experience of the present moment.
Here is something else to consider (something I deal with in a forthcoming essay): there is what I would call the absent past, that is, a past that, phenomenologically speaking, does not exist and never will. This is the past that is no longer an active influence on the present, and is a past only in the historical or narrative sense, when viewed from the outside.
Examples of this absent or nonexistent past that has imposed initial constraints and degrees of freedom on what might be possible experiences include neurophysiological alterations that were indelibly fixed in early development due to, e.g., trauma or conflict. The consequences, e.g., of early, massive socioaffective deprivation as seen in some orphanages (Gunnar, 2001) or the later developmental consequences of early attachment patterns (Sroufe, 1999) are examples.
Anonymous said...
If you are a guardian of the past - who/what are you guarding it for?
I don't think that it is possible to think very far with binaries (all medievalists are this, all sociologists are that). Such generalisations do not work and also ignore the interdisciplinary links between the two fields. Try some kind of grid theory instead?
Secondly what do we all mean by future here? You cannot judge medieval studies only by the books you read in dusty libraries. Many academics spend the majority of their time teaching and administering (both very future centred activities). In my fields (and perhaps also more in the old world than the new) many medievalists (among others) engage directly with the future through local and national planning, leisure, media and education industries. A popular name for this is 'heritage' which has all kinds of political and future-oriented agendas associated with it.
Finally - the socialist/marxist historians I have known personally - have generally been engaged with the future and you can read that in their work all the more when you know their lives. So I think JJC has a point about the unhappy disembodiedness that published work acquires.
Finally (and with smile) I have to say that it was me (not Maslow) who associated B-cog with the cultural sanguinity of getting older. Those two things have been quite a feature of my (and mine's) personal experience in the past 12 months.
Now I must dash - full day of teaching, admin and conservation work to come yet (and yes it is the vacation here too!)
J J Cohen said...
Karl: And -- I would want to stress this, as EJ does -- most medievalists don't see themselves as part of this future-generating process (by "future-generating" I mean simply unhitching the future, proximate or distant, from the imaginatively impoverished burden of being an extension of the present, or of being inevitable). With Eileen we might wonder what would happen if more scholars who study the past in all its distance could see implications for the future in at least some of what they do.
N50: the inevitability of encountering the present in the past is a historicist insight, and it ought to apply to the scholarship that historicists produce as well. Bynum is good on this ... but what could make the investigation richer (and more fraught) is to then ask: what next? what are the implications for thinking beyond the present, or thinking the present in more temporally complex terms? As for medievalists as guardians of the past ... well, I did say "custodians," and I meant that as labelling a self-perception of many medievalists. Should they perceive themselves as such is another question entirely. And as to for whom these medievalists might be guarding the past ... it seems that whenever scholars place the past under lock and key like that, they are preserving their fantasy of the past for themselves under the justification that they are willing something noble and pure to posterity. As if.
J J Cohen said...
E: I like your parable of temporal enfolding. Is there any topic you DON'T have as a forthcoming essay?
J J Cohen said...
Sorry to quote back at such length, but those queries have really stuck with me. I'm wondering where the space for a future is here. "The Langoliers" is a terrifying story, mainly for its inhuman and all-consuming notion of time as utter loss, but just as frightening is its conceptualziation of the future as the same as the present, just waiting for the present's occupants to catch up with and inhabit it. So you get two temporalities, not three: time as present swallowed into oblivion; time as present emptily extended into more of the same. I like how you focus on the material remains (watches, false teeth, uneaten food) not yet swallowed by the teeth and mouth of history -- oops, I mean of the Langoliers -- but I'm wondering how futurity might reside within or alongside such objects. If they are simply inert material then they may as well have been swallowed. Does the answer to the question "why does the past matter in this particular instant of time?" necessary link to the question of the open or closed future?
Anonymous said...
The following is a useful collection of links to resources for the study of public history and heritage:
I do not know whether there are literary equivalents.
Eileen Joy said...
Emile B.'s comments on the possibility of an absent past and what the implications of that "absent past" might be for the present [not an "alternative present" but an actual present--important distinction] brings me back again to the question of ethics--as in: how do we conceive of [or *want* to conceive of] our ethical obligations as historians of the past? What do we think is the *utility* of our work viz. the present? "What do the dead want from us?" Etc. Again, I have been trying to parse these questions in a variety of ways in the book I am working on, and have not settled on an answer, but in response to Emile's question about the "absent past," I offer an excerpt from the "opening" to the chapter from which I earlier shared part of the conclusion:
I. History's Dark Woods
In her provocative essay, "Memory, History, Revelation: Writing the Dead Other," Edith Wyschogrod writes that "The past does not give itself all at once as spectacle . . . but is disclosed by the 'not' that is imprinted . . . sous rature in what is actually imaged and told. . . . To remember is to grasp occurrences in the manner of holding-in-front-of-oneself not only that which was but that which could have been" (in Memory and History in Christianity and Judaism, ed. Michael A. Signer [Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 2001], 24). Furthermore, Wyschogrod writes that,
"Some historical narratives contain breaks in structure that I shall call their discursive space of authorization. Such spaces are often signaled by specific forumlae such as the announcement in Exodus, 'I am that I am.' The formula is a warning that there is a blank in the narrative that points to the governance of the events it recounts by that which is altogether outside the narrative. These blank spaces are the placeholders of revelation, a kind of white light that, unlike the formulae that announce them, illuminate the events recounted without ever becoming the focus of visibility." (ibid., 21)
The person wishing to render an accurate picture or account of the past must recognize that "the discursive space of memory is always already an ethical space," and the historian stands, as it were, "under [the] judgment" not only of the absent dead, but also of an "unincorporable infinite" that can only manifest itself in the blank spaces of the "predicative and iterative historical narrative" (ibid., 25, 31-32). Yet, as Wyschogrod also reminds us, if we believe that "history is judged in accordance with the claims of the dead Others," we should also remind ourselves of Nietzsche's caution in "The Uses and Abuses of History": "Who compels you to judge? If it is your wish--you must first prove that you are capable of justice. As judges you must stand higher that that which is to be judged; as it is you have only come later" (ibid., 31). But this is just a caution. Following Wyschogrod's line of thinking, the work of art rescued from the flow of history--such as the "Beowulf" manuscript or Leonardo's "Last Supper"--is both the carrier of a distinct cultural act and memory situated in a particular place and time which states, "it could not have been otherwise"--it was thus, and not thus--and also the placeholder of everything that is exterior to and in excess of that memory, what the Polish writer and artist Bruno Schulz called "the immensity of the transcendental" ("Sanatorium Under the Sign of the Hourglass," trans. Celina Wieniewski [Boston, 1978], 14). In his book "Sanatorium Under the Sign of the Hourglass," Schulz's narrator argues that there are some events that are too immense to be "contained in mere facts," and which the "ground of reality" cannot carry, and therefore,
"they quickly withdraw, fearing to lose their integrity in the frailty of realization. . . . as a result, white spots appear in our biography--scented stigmata, the faded silvery imprints of the bare feet of angels, scattered footmarks on our nights and days--while the fullness of life waxes, incessantly supplements itself, and towers over us in wonder after wonder. . . . An event may be small and insignificant in its origin, and yet, when drawn close to one's eye, it may open in its center an infinite and radiant perspective because a higher order of being is trying to express itself in it and irradiates it violently." (ibid., 13-14)
The narrator of Schulz's book, in fact, is the young artist-genius and hero of his own mytho-autobiography who continually draws the world close to his own eyes and perceives in it the violent irradiations of this higher order of being; in something as simple as a spring dusk he perceives "labyrinths of depth, warehouses and silos of things, graves that are still warm, the litter, and the rot" (ibid., 47). But perhaps we should also remember here the words of the survivor of Auschwitz, Primo Levi, who worried constantly that it might not be enough for the artist to bear witness to that which others have not seen or experienced, and further, that there are certain realms into which the writer-witness, for all his good intentions, cannot travel:
"We survivors are not only an exiguous but also an anomalous minority: we are those who by their prevarications or abilities or good luck did not touch bottom. Those who did so, those who saw the Gorgon, have not returned to tell about it or have returned mute, but they are the "Muslims," the submerged, the complete witnesses, the ones whose deposition would have a general significance. They are the rule; we are the exception." ("The Drowned and the Saved," trans. Raymond Rosenthal [New York: Vintage Books, 1989], 83-84)
[more in a bit . . . .]
Eileen Joy said...
Still trying to think through the tricky and ethically-fraught relationship of historians to their subject mattter [the "subjects"--human and otherwise] of the past, another bit from a different chapter in the book, which looks at "Beowulf" alongside the paintings of Stanley Spencer and Morrison's novel "Beloved":
III. Marking (Loving) the Dead
One of the most provocative and insistent questions of history is, “what do the dead want from us?” Suffice to say, there is not enough time in the world to adequately answer this question, but I want to suggest that it is that very question that resonates throughout "Beowulf," and lends to it a very modern insistency. The poem is infinitely complex with regard to the question, but one of the possible answers it provides is that the dead want to be marked–they want to be "written," as it were, into the future. They want to matter in the present that follows after them. Beowulf himself represents what Benjamin called "the secret heliotropism" by which "the past strives to turn toward the sun which is rising in the sky of history," and he calls attention to the relationship between memory and "marking" (or, writing), when he conveys to Wiglaf, just before dying, his request that "the battle-warriors will command that a bright mound be built . . . high on the whale-cliffs" (ll. 2802-05). Beowulf desires this not only as a gemyndum ("reminder") for his people, but also as a marker to future seafarers "when their ships drive from afar over the darkness of the flood" (ll. 2806-08) to keep Beowulf in mind. Beowulf’s desire to be marked with a memorial built high on a hill where it will be seen by travelers passing by on their ships, which ships can only come to Beowulf’s grave from a future that is now forever out of his grasp, can be seen as a desire to be kept alive as the marker of a particular historical moment, or memory. Beowulf's command is also a gesture that calls to mind Levinas's erotic caress of the future, in which the hero, just prior to death, always glimpses a last chance. And this caress is erotic, not because, following Freud, it is a "grasping" or "possessing" that seeks power over the Other through fusion, but because, in the more radical way Levinas defines it, it is a reaching out toward what is always "about to come" ("a venir") and which the ethical hero recognizes he cannot actually touch, yet reaches for anyway. It is the heroic gesture par excellence--a reaching through death toward life--that signifies the desire to be with the Other in the future in a voluptuousness of Being.
But the memorial, if built, and seen from afar, is also blank, and accretes with time, not memory, but forgetfulness. The last epithet applied to Beowulf by the poet, that he was "eager for fame" (lofgeornost), has often led critics to assume that Beowulf’s greatest sin (in the eyes of the poet) was his pride, perhaps even, his too-great faith in himself at the expense of a faith in a Christian God or a hereafter, but I want to suggest that Beowulf was always focused on the "hereafter" of the always-present world, and his desire to be "marked" in that present world is also a kind of erotic longing for an embrace with that place–more specifically, with what is vital and alive in it.
I would also like to consider here a juxtaposition of images of embraces with the dead that detail that embrace’s erotic nature, and also raise some disturbing questions about how we in the present can most properly remember the past and mark the dead, especially with relation to traumatic history. Stanley Spencer, one of the three most important English figurative painters of the twentieth century, along with Francis Bacon and Lucian Freud, spent a good deal of his life working on massive visionary canvasses that fused the everyday life of the English village he lived in, Cookham, with the spiritual and the erotic, and he believed that "true modernity necessitated reclamation of the past." One of the recurring themes of his work was resurrection-the first of these, painted from 1924-27, was "The Resurrection: Cookham." Shortly after this, in 1932, he painted one of his most important works, "The Resurrection of the Soldiers," which was part of a monumental cycle of paintings commemorating World War I that was installed at Sandham Memorial Chapel in Burghclere.
The painting shows the soldiers climbing out of their graves bearing white crosses and reuniting with their dead comrades in all manner of embrace. The men are touching everything and also clasping each other–some men (in the background of the painting) are lying close to the mules, one man kneels at Christ’s side, his head in his lap, one man caresses a turtle, while another clasps a dove to his chest. Of the painting, Spencer, who was a soldier in the war, wrote, "During the war, I felt the only way to end the ghastly experience would be if everyone suddenly decided to indulge in every degree or form of sexual love, carnal love, bestiality, anything you like to call it. These are the joyful inheritances of mankind." On a more personal level, Spencer’s painting, "Welcoming Hilda," painted in 1953 after his first and estranged wife’s death from cancer, represented his reunion with her after death, as husband, father, and lover.
Spencer had betrayed Hilda on more than one occasion, and not long after divorcing her in order to marry the painter Patricia Preece–a union that proved to be disastrous–he regretted his decision and spent years urging Hilda for a reconciliation. Only when she was diagnosed with terminal breast cancer did she allow him back, in order to have him with her as she was dying. In the painting, everyone has been returned to a time before the initial break with Hilda–Spencer himself is a young man, and his two daughters, who were in their twenties when Hilda died, are children again. The tone is one of tentative, yet physical joyfulness in which all arms caress and embrace Hilda’s body, but tellingly, Hilda looks away as Spencer kisses her.
This image points to one of the more troubling aspects of what we might call the return of the departed, which is also the return of history, and of history’s Others in the present. In Toni Morrison’s novel "Beloved," the return to 124 Bluestone Road of the daughter, Beloved, who was murdered by her own mother, Sethe, in order to ensure that she would never grow up as a slave, is at first a somewhat joyous occasion for Sethe, who sees a chance to undo her earlier crime and reclaim her lost child, but Beloved’s entrance into the house as a physical presence (literally, from the stream behind the house) is at first preceded by a terrible haunting of that house, in which the ghosts of the past rattle the living out of their wits. One by one, from the time of the initial haunting through the arrival and then tenancy of "the fully dressed woman [who] walked out of the water," all the members of the household, including Sethe’s sons (Howard and Bulgar), her lover, Paul D., and other daughter, Denver, are forced out of the house until it is just Sethe and Beloved, who continually insists to all the other members of the household who try to help and love her, "She [Sethe] is the one. She is the one I need. . . . she is the one I have to have." And, as Morrison’s narrator puts it, Sethe was "licked, tasted, eaten by Beloved’s eyes."
Beloved’s "wanting" of Sethe leads to a type of harrowing possession–both physical and psychic–where Sethe, finally alone in the house with Beloved, and cut off from the rest of her social community, becomes locked in what Freud would have called the repetitive, compulsive "acting out" of the past, in which "the past is performatively regenerated or relived as if it were fully present rather than represented in memory" (LaCapra). Beloved, waxing into grotesque proportions in her somewhat obscene pregnancy–for how can the dead give birth? [but this, of course, is also a metaphor: the present, or future, cannot be "born" out of the traumatic past without horror]–grows increasingly angry, accusing Sethe of having left her behind where "the dead men lay on top of her," but when Sethe begs her forgiveness, Beloved won’t give it, and when Sethe herself becomes angry, Beloved turns violent, breaking plates and windowpanes, thereby keeping in motion the melancholic-manic cycle which, apparently, cannot be broken. But what does Beloved want? At one point in the novel, Beloved, wishing to be pregnant, seduces Paul D. by telling him she wants to be touched "on the inside part" and for someone to call out her name. Paul D. resists at first, but when he does finally give in, he loses himself in the calling of that name, just as Sethe eventually loses her mind. In the end, all that is left of Beloved–and the same could be said of Beowulf–is her name, which both marks and fills her absence.
[well, this is all still "in a muddle"--any comments will help me revise!]
Cheers, Eileen
J J Cohen said...
You've written powerfully about the desire of the dead for continuance, for futurity, but the examples you give are of the dead who desire to stop time. Beowulf wants through his architecural transformation of the landscape hronesnes to be henceforth known as Beowulfes burh, but no one ever calls it that; even the text refers to the place as hronesnes as the dead hero is memorialized there. Would Beowulf's mound, the repository of the dragon's treasure, be all that different from the dragon's mound, the dwelling of a doppelganger who likewise intended to rest there forever, and a structure built by a vanished race even older than the dragon? Isn't a similar demand being issued by Beloved, that the past-as-present be extended rather than transformed or opened up to some future? Isn't that the problem with the undead (aptrgangr) in Icelandic sagas, that the animated corpse will not release the present from the past's grip, that he demands a future as selfsame as those frozen temporality he inhabits in his own burial mound or dying place?
I understand very well that "what do the dead want from us?" is an ethical question, the answer to which can be "justice." Justice is as addressed to the future as it is to the past; justice is temporally catalytic. But it might also be that sometimes the demands of the dead if heeded will not admit of any future -- they foreclose it rather than allow anyone "to be written,' as it were, into the future" because "the present that follows after them" is like the empty airport of "The Langoliers," a suffocating projection of the eternal same.
Eileen Joy said...
JJC wrote that, even if we do "medieval studies" work that locates "the present in the past" [or, I might say, "the past in the present"], the more important work might be to ask, "what next? what are the implications for thinking beyond the present, or thinking the present in more temporally complex terms?" In order to begin contemplating possible answers to this question, we likely need to think of some concrete examples whereby we can locate the present in the past [as in the work of Bynum, say, the way in which we can see how certain questions of self/identity perdure over time, from medieval werewolf stories to "Buffy the Vampire Slayer," or from medieval practices of religious fasting to contemporary anorexia, etc.] or the past in the present [i.e. Kathleen Biddick's "The Shock of Medievalism" or many of the chapters in Cohen et al.'s "The Postcolonial Middle Ages" or in Kruger and Burger's "Queering the Middle Ages/Historicizing Postmodernity"]. Likewise, if we want to further pursue JJC's questions as to "how futurity might reside within or alongside" artifacts of the past, and whether or not the answer to the question, "why does the past matter in this particular instant of time," *necessarily* "link[s] to the question of the open or closed future," we will also have to have some concrete examples [which E.B., I might often add, is often very good at providing for his own arguments]. In his Afterword to our book, recently re-titled for the umpteenth freaking time, "Cultural Studies of the Modern Middle Ages" [formerly known as "Medieval, Reality, Television"], Prof. Cohen wrote eloquently about a pig as a "temporal container" and connected that idea with both medieval religious practice and the current "crisis" in France over Muslim immigrant communities. Many of the readers of this blog may remember that JJC shared a good portion of that essay here, so I won't go over it again, except to say that it was a good example of using a concrete material object--the pig--as well as of connecting the medieval past to the present relative to a highly politically-charged question regarding the future [what is France going to do, or what *should* France do, regarding its so-called "crisis" with its Muslim immigrant communities?]. Does that make sense?
Also, before we try, again, to "think through" these questions JJC has posed, we also have to go back to what might be called the oldest question posed by historians--why does history matter at all?--and remind ourselves of all the reasons why the conventional answers have proven to be either untenable, untrue most of the time, or too difficult to prove [and note, too, that most of these answers have often been future-oriented]. Traditionally, the answers have been:
a. we study history so we won't make the same mistakes [but we *do* make the same mistakes, BUT, they're never really "the same," because no two times are ever exactly alike]
b. we study history because if we can see where we have been, we are better able to predict where we are going [I call this the evolutionary model, but time, as it turns out, does not just have one direction, no matter what some physicists or neo-Hegelians argue, although, in politics, it *can* be very useful to be able to survey the terrain already traveled--think of feminism in the U.S., for example].
c. we study history, and record it names & events, because we have an obligation to "remember," or to "honor the dead" [this is "sacred history," which is, at bottom, a religious enterprise, even, a religious imperative--but what if there is no divine authority figure--what then?--why should the dead matter so much?--is a non-foundational sacred history possible?--that question actually informs much of my own work with the medieval past]
d. we study history because, well, it's just plain interesting [the history "amusement park" model, a la Bede's World, PBS reality programs like "Manor House," etc.]
e. we study history because it helps us understand "who we are" [as if we could have only turned out "one way"--here, E.B.'s question about the "absent past" is helpful for problematizing this axiom]
And so on and so forth.
Eileen Joy said...
In response to JJC's recent post that, "it might also be that sometimes the demands of the dead if heeded will not admit of any future -- they foreclose it rather than allow anyone "to be written,' as it were, into the future" because "the present that follows after them" is like the empty airport of "The Langoliers," a suffocating projection of the eternal same,"--NO kidding. That was exactly the point I was trying to make, if somewhat awkwardly, through Spencer's painting "Welcoming Hilda" and Morrison's "Beloved," where the desires of those locked in the places where the "dead men" lie on top of them, can be suffocating and strangulating upon the present. There is a danger in wanting to, let's say, "resurrect the dead" [Morrison's novel seems to say, if you resurrect your dead child so you can "undo" your original crime against her, she will not thank you for it--instead, she will destroy you by eating you alive, because it isn't "honor" she wants, it's *life/living*]. So, yeah, I agree, too, that Beowulf wants a kind of historical stasis--a material place in the landscape, in this instance--that will always mark/bear the memory of him as a person, but also as a kind of mythic figure; but I would also argue that there is also the desire, however fragile and ultimately kind of hopeless, to want to be--somehow and some way--always among the living, in their midst, vibrant and alive and never dead.
Eileen Joy said...
Let me qualify a bit my last statement, with some repetition:
I would also argue that there is also the desire, [in Beowulf's wanting to be remembered] however fragile and ultimately kind of hopeless, to want to be--somehow and some way--always among the living, in their midst, vibrant and alive and never dead, *not* in order to arrest the flow of time or to keep it locked in place or foreclosed, but to always be in the *flow* of time as it moves, ceaselessly, through places and bodies [which are also places, and for us humans, the most important location of our fragile, tenuous selves], in order to always feel that voluptuousness of being-becoming [as opposed to nonbeing].
Eileen Joy said...
And one last thing [haha]--
but it goes without saying, doesn't it, that avoiding the eventual "nonbeing of everything" is not an option, right [in other words, not only my own life, but the life of the universe, too, has a terminus--unless science changes that, somehow]? How might this change our *need* of the past viz. the present & future?
J J Cohen said...
Eileen, I definitely get your point about "Welcoming Hilda" and Beloved -- good stuff, here, too about mourning, art, and the future. But I guess I'm wondering how beowulf is NOT like an aptrgangr or Beloved, if his desires are to be realized (he seems so out of time to me, and by that I mean a remnant of a past that doesn't know it is out of synch). Can you say some more about these eloquent lines: desire, [in Beowulf's wanting to be remembered] however fragile and ultimately kind of hopeless, to want to be--somehow and some way--always among the living, in their midst, vibrant and alive and never dead, *not* in order to arrest the flow of time or to keep it locked in place or foreclosed, but to always be in the *flow* of time as it moves, ceaselessly, through places and bodies?
Eileen Joy said...
To me, Beowulf is "out of time," as JJC says, not because he is a remnant of the past, but because, in his own world [i.e. 4th-5th-century "Migration Era" Europe or 10th-century Anglo-Saxon England], he is actually, I think, "from the future." Roberta Frank once described Beowulf as a "novus homo" in history; I referred to him in my dissertation as "a man in the middle" of history--he comes from the future [a place that is forward-looking--he's a kind of unusual-for-the-times diplomat as regards Danish-Geatish relations] but gets "stuck" in a present he can't escape [i.e., for all of his forward-looking leadership, he can't escape the dragon, who often "sleeps" but never "dies" and is the outsized embodiment of a certain human greed/rage]. As to saying more about my typification of Beowulf's "desire" to be remembered, and *how*, let me think about that a bit more. Where I am at present, the sun does not set until about 9:30, and it's time for a glass of white wine of the deck overlooking the Smoky mountains and my current copy of "Vogue" [thanks to Betsy M. who I know reads this blog!].
Eileen Joy said...
And I have to be careful, too, of how I typify what might be called Beowulf's desires, since I can only "psychologize" him as far as the text will allow. But I *do* believe that many of Beowulf's actions and speeches within the poem reveal a mind that is restless in its desire to, as I also put it in my diss., "always be *coming* rather than *going*." But then, I'd have to parse that out a bit more, wouldn't I?
Wouldn't it be great to have someone you could dictate your blog posts to as you continued to drink wine and gazed at the mountains?
J J Cohen said...
I'll look forward to hearing more about your Beowulf from the future in the future, Eileen, since he is so very different (I suppose) from the Beowulf who has lived with me for so long. But at your leisure: the blog has a future that I hope stretches to the crack o doom. And it would be a great guest post, so that it wouldn't have to dwell an exile in the comments.
Enjoy your wine. As to the Cohens, we have gorged on summer ice cream and now must prepare baths to immerse the filthy progeny.
Anonymous said...
History Matters: Pass it On!
Launched today in the UK by a variety of academics, NGOs and GOs.
Read about it in the press.
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Búsqueda personalizada
The International Congress of Americanists , 1875-2006
The International Congress of Americanists is a scientific activity of a long tradition. The first Congress was held in the city of Nancy in France, in August 25 of 1875, called by the Société Américaine de France and they have met without interruption since then. Its immediate goal: “contribuer au progrès des études ethnographiques, linguistiques et historiques relatives aux deux Amériques, spécialement pour les temps antérieurs à Christophe Colomb, et de mettre en rapport les personnes qui s'intéressent à ces études”.
During the ten first versions of the International Congress of Americanists, the seat was in Europe. The first Congress in America was held in Mexico, in 1895. Since then, it has been tried to alternate the seat between the old and new world.
Along the time, the Congresses increased the number of subjects studied and nowadays they gather specialists in Anthropolgy, Archaeology, Art, Law, Economy, Education, Philosophy, Geography, History, Linguistics, Sociology, Urban Studies, Human Rights and other technological areas.
Today the International Congress of Americanists (ICA) meets every three years and is attended by a high number of participants in a wide variety of scientific activities: simposia, conferences, meetings of international associations and organizations related to american studies, etc.
Juan Comas: Cien años de Congresos Internacionales de Americanistas. Ensayo histórico-crítico y bibliográfico, UNAM, México 1974.
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What does Egress Mean? TAGS: | | | | The English language is a funny thing. For the most part it’s constantly changing, evolving and developing. Then, sometimes, you’ll find a word so old people have practically forgotten where …Continue reading →
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About Me
Jeff Ommundsen
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President of Shop Egress Windows, Inc.
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2. Day Software: another strategic acquisition for Adobe
3. Serena flip-flops: goes Google, then back to Microsoft
4. Visual Programming is back: PopFly, Pipes, Scratch
4 comments on this post.
1. Nicola:
I’d say Microsoft’s first ever acquisition – a company by the name of Forethought in June 1987 – was its lucky start. This was mainly due to Forethought’s newly-developed presentation program at the time of acquisition going on to become Microsoft PowerPoint, which was widely used in all homes, offices, schools and businesses from then until today, so well worth the $14 million Microsoft paid for it…
2. Craig:
While not an acquisition as such, Microsoft invested in both Apple and Facebook. Apple is particularly good, Facebook wait and see.
3. Tom:
In five years, we’ll be seeing similar headlines about Skype. It’s sort of like a cross between aQuantive and Groove combined. It’s like aQuantive in that there’s just no way that the financials can ever work out. The more successful Skype is at transforming telephony, the less money it makes as it becomes unable to sell minutes. It’s like Groove in that the codebase is liable to fall apart (though for different reasons). Skype is written in Delphi (!), using a lot of code obfuscation techniques (!), as befitting the Estonian hackers who came fresh off Kazaa, the P2P file sharing network (!).
Business school professors have demonstrated that 2/3 of acquisitions *destroy* value rather than create value. In Microsoft’s case, it just so happens that its most expensive acquisitions fall into this 2/3.
4. Chui:
+1 Mark Russinovich – I don’t know how much he contributed to MinWin, but it is the basis of Windows running on Windows Phone 8.
Leave a comment
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Friday, January 21, 2011
Remembering Aune on her 99th Birthday
Today my maternal grandmother Aune (Reini) Proctor would have been 99 years old. She passed away Oct 24, 2007. Since it seems that she did not have an obituary published, here is my version of what it should have said:
Everett and Aune Proctor c.1930s
Aune Maria Reini was born on January 21, 1912 in Hamilton, Washington to Finnish immigrants Matti Wiita and Mathilda (Huhtala) Reini. Her parents had each independently come to the U.S. from South Ostrobothnia, Finland (1900 and 1902) and married on July 6, 1906 in Washington State. Matti often worked as a foreman for the logging industry and Mathilda sometimes ran a boarding house in Seattle for newly arrived Finns.
Aune had a difficult young adulthood, which ultimately resulted in her growing into a very strong, fiery woman. She lost her two sisters, whom she very much loved and adored, and three newborn children all within a span of 11 years in her young life. She was only 13 when her oldest sister Helia died. Soon after, Aune became very ill and spent much of her 14th year in bed. Her illness was most likely due to her intense grief at losing her sister. She and her sisters had all shared a bed growing up, resulting in a special closeness between them. Aune thought so highly of her sister Helia that she spoke of her with deep love and in the most glowing of terms, almost on a daily basis, for the rest of her long life. To make matters worse for the young woman, she lost her close sister Miriam only 11 years later. After Miriam’s death, she cried so much and so often that she feared she would damage her young daughter's psyche. She managed to go on with her life, but she would always suffer the effects of the loss of those closest to her.
Aune, Helia and Miriam Reini, c.1925
Aune married Everett Herman Proctor, whom she met at a dance, on May 5, 1927 in Snohomish County, Washington. She often remarked that it was love at first sight. The young couple moved into a "shack" on Everett's parents Daniel and Millie Proctor's property, where they lived until, at least, 1930.
Aune and Everett c.1930s
Aune suffered from various maladies into her thirties. She had difficulty carrying her pregnancies to term and delivered all five of her children prematurely, which resulted in three of them dying before she could take them home from the hospital. (They are buried in Greenwood Memorial Park in Renton, WA.) This caused her and her husband great sadness. Her daughters Jean and Janis were able to overcome their premature starts and grew into relatively healthy children. From that point and on into her nineties, Aune enjoyed excellent health.
She began working at Boeing around 1940. For almost 30 years, she worked full time while raising her family. She enjoyed it so much that when women were urged to quit their jobs after WWII, she continued on and, eventually, managed her department. At the same time, her husband Everett was working his way up in the ranks, and was given the job of Supervisor at the Seattle Water Department. One could say that they were ahead of their time as a "career couple," long before that became the societal norm.
Everett and Aune 1956
Aune excelled at fashion and drawing. She absolutely loved to go shopping and put together outfits for her children and grandchildren. She also expertly sewed special occasion dresses for her daughters and granddaughters. She spent much of her retirement, joining her daughter Janis at the mall, or taking the bus on her own, for a day of shopping. When she was home, she would sit and sketch female silhouettes for hours. Those who knew her, often remarked that she should have had a career as a designer or buyer for a retail store.
Aune c.1940s
She became a young widow after 47 years of marriage, when Everett passed away in 1974 while they were living in Rancho Bernardo, CA. She soon moved a few blocks to the home of her daughter Janis Moore and her family, spending the summers with her elder daughter Jean Hewitt in Salt Lake City, UT. She lived a very active life and was immersed in her grandchildren’s activities on a daily basis (including doing their paper routes and mowing the lawns when they were supposed to do it themselves). In her day to day life, other than her regular shopping trips, she enjoyed her religion, crossword puzzles (she could spell anything), Wheel of Fortune, Jeopardy, dancing, sweets and babies (of which she was provided a never ending supply in the form of grandchildren, great grandchildren and great, great grandchildren). She was a hardy old woman, seemingly immune to common illnesses like cancer and heart problems that plagued others her age. She had been repeatedly exposed in her younger years to handfuls of asbestos, extended x-rays and secondhand smoke, but none of this had an effect on her. She seemed like she would live forever...
Aune c.1970s
In the summer of 2007, her daughter Janis was finally unable to continue to care for her full time, as she had been doing for quite a few years prior, because her husband Tony was suffering from Parkinson’s Disease. So, her elder daughter Jean arranged to have her cared for in a nursing home in Salt Lake City. At first, Aune seemed to enjoy her time there, socializing and taking part in the daily activities. However, she soon deteriorated and passed away after only having been there about four months. There can be no doubt that her legacy continues to live on in her large family. At the time of her death, she had 9 grandchildren, 13 great grandchildren and 2 great, great grandchildren. She was predeceased by her husband, her sisters Helia and Miriam, her half-sister in Finland Hilma (Wiita) Myllykangas, her brothers Louie and George, her half-brother Einar Huhtala, three infant children and one grandchild Kathleen Cook.
Aune c.1990
1 comment:
1. My cousin (first, once removed), Aune's great granddaughter wrote this on her Facebook in response to this post, so I thought I would share it here:
"I was able to be at Aune's passing. That was my first time to witness a passing of a human being. It was a gift to be there, really.
I wasn't close to Aune but do have fond memories of traveling in a car from Southern California to Las Vegas and once all the way to Utah. I used to see her mostly when we would visit my cousin in San Diego, where she lived. She was a character! She always stood out to me to be very fashionable for such an older lady. I didn't know the side of her that was religious because we didn't share that religion.
I never could understand how someone could eat all those sweets and never really get sick or fat. She used to have cookies, donuts, and little Twinkies hidden under her bed! I found that I liked those little cookies from her, Fig Newtons. She always had those. She ate a lot of avocados and always drank hot water with lemon. She seemed to eat like a bird...a little at a time."
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• Large table with huge rows vs. huge columns vs. multiple tables
I am organizing a database for all the experiment on microarray chips. There are about 230,000 probes that will have different reading and need to be stored in the database. We will perform multiple experiment, which will output a huge number of data. I wonder which set up would give me the best result when updating and querying data.
1. Large table setup, with 230,000 rows and columns will be added on as we perform more and more experiments. I think this will be a pain every time we do an update.
2. Large table, but the columns fixed, only the rows will be increasing, which means that we will have A LOT of rows by the end of the 20th experiment. This will help updating but I'm not sure it is recommended.
3. Store each experiment on a separate table. This seems to be the easiest. But is it the optimized solution?
Thank you for any help!
• #2
• #3
More information are needed. 230.000 are not so many rows.
What do you mean with many rows.
What kind of hardware are you running?
How does your schema look like?
Which MySQL-Version do you use?
• #4
The schema right now is like this
Raw data table
Probe_ID | IP_1 | WCE_1 | norm_IP_1 | norm_WCE_1 | p-value_1 | IP_2 | WCE_2 | norm_IP_2 | norm_WCE_2...
There are 230,000 probes per experiment, and updating are from .tsv file.
Probe info table:
probe_id | probe_location | gene_location .....
Fragment info table:
fragment_id | probe_id | Sequence
(probe_id is fixed and identical for every experiment)
Views are created to query from probe_info table and raw_data table and fragment_info table to analyze in R (another statistics analysis language) and might be inserted back to a table named Analysis with probe_id and other analyzed data.
Right now, I just use a very basic set up to get the experiments up and running. MySQL 5.0 is set up on a Desktop Pentium 4, 2.8ghz, nothing fancy.
The problem was that every time we update the database (new experiments come in), it takes 10-20 minutes to update the columns because the script has to match the probe_id from the table to the probe_id from data file (loaded onto a temp. table)
Anyway, the loading time is not a problem for now. But I'm afraid that the number of columns will grow too fast to handle (presented was a truncated version, actual experiment has 10 columns each, and we have about 20 experiments right now). We plan to input more data in (looking at 70 experiments in the future), I'm trying to look for a better solution of storing data. That's where the question comes in, multiple tables, add new Rows or new Columns.
I'm relatively new to SQL and just need to use it as a tool, so please bear with me.
Thank you
• #5
Hi popophobia )
1. The columntypes are missing.
2. Memory is missing.
3. Linux or Windows?
4. What is this script doing. try the SQL-statement directly.
5. What kind of StorageEngine are you using?
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Direct and indirect effects of juvenile Buenoa macrotibialis (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) on the zooplankton of a shallow pond
Hampton, Stephanie E., John J. Gilbert, Carolyn W. Burns
Limnol. Oceanogr., 45(4), 2000, 1006-1012 | DOI: 10.4319/lo.2000.45.4.1006
ABSTRACT: We investigated the effects of juvenile Buenoa macrotibialis on the small bodied (<500 mm) zooplankton assemblage with which it naturally occurs. By monitoring 37- 46-liter enclosures with and without Buenoa over 9-12 d, we found that second and fourth instar Buenoa caused large declines in the copepod Tropocyclops extensus and the rotifer Hexarthra mira. Additionally, populations of several small rotifers increased in the presence of fourth instar Buenoa, probably because of release from Tropocyclops predation, competition, or both.
Article Links
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Reply to a comment
Reply to this comment
marat1793 writes:
>>According to Calvin, being a monk or nun gets you no closer to heaven; God could and should be glorified and honored in all work and family activities. Calvin’s teaching led to what was called the Protestant work ethic.<<
Historically, that's true, though a little old now (the idea developed in the 1920s). It certainly is true that Calvin's doctrine of predestination indicated that those who soldier willingly and happily in the fields (or wherever), while not certain of their salvation, may take their attitude and economic success as a sign of their salvation. So it wasn't entirely the glorification of god. It was also showing your neighbours that you were among the Elect.
>>If you have health and strength to work and are employed, you should thank God.<<
If you don't mind, I'll thank my employer and my own preparation for employment for my job and my health coverage.
Share your thoughts
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Monday, November 03, 2008
Nate, don't fail me now
On Election Eve, Silver at has it up to 98.1 percent.
This will make it easier to sleep tonight.
I'm planning to vote by 6:30 a.m., but just the once.
EARLY AFTERNOON ELECTION DAY UPDATE: If Silver's estimates are treated as reliable (and they assume lack of overall systematic bias in the polling data), Obama gets 264 electoral votes from states that the model treats him as having a 100 percent chance of winning. (Pennsylvania, with 21 electoral votes, is among those states.) He would go over 270 if he got Colorado's 9 EVs (98%), Virginia's 13 (97%), Ohio's 20 (88%), or Florida's 27 (73%). Nevada's 5 (95%) would get him to 269, presumably good enough for the win given (a) Democratic control in Congress plus (b) the persuasive significance of his popular vote edge, assuming it holds.
Obviously, these various probabilities, even if we take them at face value, are unlikely to be entirely uncorrelated.
While some might take comfort from these numbers, they also provide a panic guide if Virginia doesn't fall briskly into place in the hour after 7 pm (as this might undermine confidence in the entire projection).
No comments:
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Loading 1 Vote - +
Amazon Releases Kindle Source Code →www.amazon.com/gp
Amazon has opened up the source code to their popular Kindle platforms to the general public.
Thread parent sort order:
Thread verbosity:
Though I haven’t downloaded on it.but it really be a good news
What is OmniNerd?
Voting Booth
Dzhokar Tsarnaev deserves due process?
32 votes, 4 comments
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http://www.omninerd.com/links/Amazon_Releases_Kindle_Source_Code
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Thursday, 25 November 2010
A new model of poltical debate...
It is time to bring technology to the process of governance and harness the power of the crowd. Here's my idea about how we can do that...
In the houses of parliament, we need politicians to be working on national issues. MP's should still be voted on by constituencies but as representatives working on national issues (they can of course still represent their locale, when called upon by councils if necessary).
Each day Mon-Fri, There should be a two-three hour debate on each of the main areas of interest: Economy and Business (inc. Employment), Energy and Environment, Home Affairs (transport, health, housing), Foreign Affairs and Science, Technology and Education (just off the top of my head). In front of each seat is an ipad-like device, with software that facilitates the debate.
Each member can prepare for the debate in advance, uploading evidence and questions and even debating the questions in forums. Come the debate, evidence and questions can be dropped into a queue during the government reports to argue or counter the claims made. This queue is voted upon by MP's and those questions that get the most votes rise to the top to be asked. If it is particularly pertinent to that precise moment of time, then an urgent flag can be attached and the speed with which the votes are placed contributing to the speed with which the question or evidence is put forward.
With practice, and with a slower oratory, I believe technology is finally at a stage where this can happen in close to real-time (it would take no longer than having to wait for the "rah rah rah' to die down). Not only that, it can also open the process even further.
Imagine that you then have a pool of people picked for their outstanding knowledge. Have their peers vote on candidates in journals in various expert disciplines, have NGO's and activist groups vote on experts of Human Rights etc.. Nurses, doctors, architects, lawyers, anyone with expertise and not simply academics. This pool of people is then split into the five areas of interest for the debates, plus a pool of people that represent the universals. By this I mean those factors that must be thought about in any given debate.. the environment, human rights, philosophers, historians etc. This sixth group is included in every debate, alongside the segment that are experts for that particular debate. MP's have no authority over members of these independent groups.
There could be space, say 20 virtual seats, that are open to public vote over two-yearly terms, subject to acceptance from the person. Again, I don't care who is voted for.. they will have duties to attend and the possibility of recall if not participating. A level of commitment is required and, bottom line, they are going to be as human as you or I. As the only common denominator we all share, that has to be a valid viewpoint. It would also allow campaigners to argue the case for any academic that may have fallen foul of their peer-group for whatever reasons (and there are good as well as bad...). The worst case scenario, some kook gets in denying something, would see that person up against the hundred most eminent thinkers in that field and his lack of any sort of support would automatically stop progress of his or her agenda. He would have to argue his case and if they are a kook, they'll lose. It will be a totally public airing of their inadequacies as shown by the multimedia smack down they took. If you feel that's time-wasting, be assured it wouldn't impinge on the debate itself, but in the experts only section.
These two groups (universals and each set of experts) would total a few hundred, maybe a few thousand people strong. Exclusive software areas enable them to debate the following weeks debate in advance, do research, think of questions etc, which get voted upon by the group as a whole with the top 6-8 automatically guaranteed to be asked. They then watch the debate live with the software shunting urgent or highly voted real-time questions into the parliamentary software for MP's to judge and vote upon also. If a question or piece of evidence gains, say, 60% of the vote in the experts section, it would automatically bypass the MP's section and be put forward regardless.
It would also be conceivable to have a national, open version with the top question voted prior to the debate, and the most voted upon question during the debate, being addressed at the end. I don't care if it the most trivial or comical or irrelevant question you could imagine. It could become a national sport to have asked of the prime minister a 'would you rather, or...' question and be good practice at campaigning for anyone willing to put the effort in just for a laugh. We need to connect to our leaders in a deeper, more human sense as well as connecting to cut out the bullshit.
Everything should be viewable to the public. Not only would we have hundreds of committed experts both contributing and holding our leaders to account, but the legitimacy would be so much greater. We would be able to see for ourselves and contribute, the public funneling useful ideas and important evidence to experts, who are able to then pass it on up.
At the moment, we are but numbers in a faceless bureaucracy.. we need to use this technology we have now to create a structure connecting us all, one that we can see working and see when and why it doesn't. MP's profiles would have to include all previous voting patterns with explanations attached, details of all contributions and interests.
Same too with the experts. We need complete transparency, including all data. There are computer wizards out there who are voluntarily inclined to sift through data, mashing it up and creating illuminating displays. Let's use them! They would be a great tool for the experts to present their questions and arguments in as concise a way as possible to facilitate practical real-time debate.. Twitter is a good training tool. It could become an art-form in itself, stream-lined understanding.
To some, this may sound a backward step. "Complicated things take time to discuss, you cannot present arguments in 140 characters!". However, when as is the case in politics today, all that we the public hear is 90% corporatese bullshit spun from a yarn of obscurities anyway it might simply help trim the PR from the evidence. It would be judged upon its merits, and with multimedia technology as it is, the possibilities for mashing evidence together in beautifully clear ways, labeled and linked from to indicate the providence of the evidence, together with a short paragraph outlining the implications, those merits could be substantial and contribute significantly to debate.
This kind of mass conversation in governance hasn't been possible before now. But we would face such a fight to instigate it. MP's have far more to lose than to gain in implementing this kind of reform. The idea of opening themselves up to that level of expertise with the ability to upload implicating or contradictory evidence before everyone's blink of an eye would terrify them! Yet this is surely the direction that democracy must take at some point in the non-too-distant future; it would be folly to fight it.
Anonymous said...
You're a mong.
Ben King said...
ha! Brilliant! My favourite comment thus far.
And to think you don't give your name, denying us the chance to put a face to that rapier wit.
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The Boston Globe
Dan Shaughnessy
BC fired its football coach and nobody cares
There seemed to be a lot of enthusiasm during Doug Flutie's years at BC.
I don't even think anyone read this article, either.
Bumpyt wrote:"There seemed to be a lot of enthusiasm during Doug Flutie's years at BC." That ended 28 years ago, which was exactly Dan's point. Div. I major sports (FB/BB) are a sewer, anyway. Better not to be involved.
But what is the point of this article? That Boston has no quality college teams? Therefore, we ignore college athletics -- and are even more noble for that? What drivel? As soon as BC restores its football or basketball program, they will get all of the fawning coverage they could want. Including Dan's.
But let's go further. College sports is indeed a sewer, and BC helped create that environment by its greedy, hypocritical, shameless exit from the Big East to the ACC. They deserve no one's loyalty, but not because they are bad. Because they are a willing part of the problem, thanks to thjeir previous AD and their all-too-current President.
Dan: Truer words were never spoken. Boston College should hold its head high as a program that graduates its athletes, the majority of whom will never play a down in the NFL. Most of the BCS top programs seem to follow the NASCAR mantra: "If you aren't cheating, you aren't trying." And the exploitation of "one and done" in basketball is even worse. At least in Hockey and Baseball, there are two paths to the pros: Go to college, get an education, and play your sport, or go play in junior/ full professional transition leagues (OHL,QMJHL, AHL, A-AAA ball and independent leagues) to try to make it to the big time.
Is Left Out saying Universitites like Stanford and Michigan do not graduate their players or do not have outstandng academics? Eastern Liberal Elite Reality Check please, the world actually begins at Rte 128, not ends. The ultimate problem of college football is the insatiable quest for revenues (remember Elizabeth Warren's $300k salary) by colleges that have a nearly 1:1 ratio administrators to students, but the lack of understanding everyone cannot have a winning season no matter how large the stadium (do the math). Holy Cross lost out way back when it refused to join the Big East Basketball, the hill is too steep to climb now, if they even care. Alumni everywhere need to wake up, change things, or just renew their season tickets and enjoy the show!
No one cares because the level of play is poor. If BC started winning some games then it would be a far different story. Let's hope that a new regime can be brought in that can raise the level of the program that a world-class city deserves.
I've said the same thing for decades now, and here's an opportunity to say it yet again.
The vast majority of college graduates (well over 90%) in the greater Boston area didn't go to BC and don't care about a school that isn't their alma mater. If you're one of those people reading this who think that they should care because BC represents the area, I challenge you to name two players on any UMass team, who also represents the area.
Hey, the Salem States of the area don't even have their SCORES reported in the Boston papers. I'm not asking for an atricle and photos, just the lousy score!
This column is nonsensical. The message seems to be “we don’t care about sports played by 19 year-olds because our 19 year-old teams don’t win. But breathlessly discussing sports played by 24 year-olds is honorable and right.” Pure comedy, Dan.
When I went to BC in the mid 80's, having spent my youth in the South, I made the following observation: BC Football will never gain the status it yearns... because BC cannot attract top football talent from the South (white and black kids alike). Same story today. Always was and always will be. Member of the ACC or no.... expanding the stadium, chasing away alumni and long-time tickets holders with high ticket prices and demands for larger donations... all just falls on deaf ears because BC is not, and never will be a football school. And that's ok with me. Always was and always will be.
Shorter Shaughnessy column: I wish Holy Cross still played relevant football games, because then it would be super important.
Holy Cross/ Boston College , Football those where the best time for me. Today it all about the all to mighty dollar.
Unfortunately Boston College I think would be better in the Patriot league with Holy Cross.
Nobody cares about anything BC does except for Bob Ryan and the other alums. This is just not a college sports town. Any truth to the rumors that BC is about to join the Big 10? Ha!
Which one of these college towns has successful pro franchises? I don't think people rip on those who follow college football or basketball. They don't have the alternatives that we have. It's actually pretty simple why we don't care about Spazz being fired. BC's just a lot lower on the food chain.
Who cares? Especially if the players themselves don't seem to care.....BC was horrible this season. Absolutely horrible. The coach should have been fired last year or the year before. We can't care more than they do.
I watched the B.C. games with pride as we have for over 66 years, torn between Notre Dame and B.C. until B.C. emerged and took us into many great seasons, basketball, hockey, baseball and always a threat i!! n the Big East!! We are always close to graduating all our athletes and isn't that what college sports are all about ? That expensive education is why we came to Boston College--- a very well educated society is our only hope in our developing world !!
Sometimes the truth hurts. Other major cities with Pro Sports alternatives, eg. NY, DC, Philly, Detroit, have a much higher level of interest in college sports. No potential college recruit who is interested in local fan support will go to BC.
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A collar slides along a smooth rod
The 35-lb collar slides along the smooth rod. If the collar is released from rest at A, determine its speed when it passes point B. The spring has an unstretched length of 3 ft.
Answers (0)
There are no answers to this question yet.
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- WebmasterWorld
-- Webmaster General
---- comScore Stats: The Web Is Contracting
vivalasvegas - 1:38 pm on Jul 4, 2011 (gmt 0)
I'm not sure how many teenagers browse my websites, but I suspect they don't make me much money. Although I can not point to one right now, I know there are studies showing that most web traffic comes from offices during working hours. Looking at my stats - the peak hours are between 10 am and 12pm. Wouldn't many of today's teenagers work in an office 10 years from now? And wouldn't they be in front of a desktop computer while at the office? Or maybe laptop or pad, but it would have to be a big screen computer for them to be able to get some work done.
My point is I don't see why teen computer habits are at all relevant here.
Thread source::
Brought to you by WebmasterWorld:
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Saturday, May 24, 2008
Things that crack me up about Press-Ganey
Many other nurses and docs have blogged about Press-Ganey and the appropriateness of the measuring sticks the organization has chosen to evaluate "good" care in the hospital. Sane people want accountability in health care, and JCAHO does not provide that sanity. Patient satisfaction surveys were inevitable. However, choosing useful measuring sticks for 'good' can be problematic.
What is a 'good' hospitalization from the patient's perspective? A patient with a total knee replacement has a wildly different view of 'good' hospitalization than the patient with an acute psychotic break.
You will not find a serious discussion on this in my post today.
Instead, the following chosen criteria cracked me up. Hospitals are evaluated on the following:
* Percentage of patients who thought their nurses "Always" communicated well.
* Percentage of patients who thought their doctors "Always" communicated well.
There is a world outside of Oz. In this world, my patients look like this:
Sidenote: We had a guy two weeks ago who threw a snowball of poo 15 feet outside of his room. What was most impressive about that is that his hands were tied down at the time.
* Percentage of patients who "Always" received help as soon as they wanted.
Nurses love this measuring stick. I understand the need to ask a question like this on a patient satisfaction survey. However, the gap is that the question does not account for the fact that the patient is not the best evaluator of the professional RN or MD's priorities. Jane and John Doe are so ignorant of the workings of the health care system and the professionals within that system that they simply don't know how much they don't know. They do not understand how insignificant their desperate need to pee becomes in comparison to the often more critical needs of other patients. Most patients will desist on the call light if they hear the loud noises and see flashing defibrillator paddles, because that's what tv tells them saves lives.
But most will still answer the surveyor's question with 'No, I didn't actually get to pee the second my bladder twitched cos there weren't enough nurses to help me get up to pee and while the other nurses were tryin to get a pulse on that other guy.'
Some great rant examples...please see: Madness of an ER nurse, ERNursey, ERMurse, my friends in the UK at Mental Nurse, a new blogger I found at ER-Life.
Personally, I don't know what the big fuss is about. I always put mints on my pillow, bring fries with that and ask grieving families whom I have counseled through the death of a loved one if they'd fill out a satisfaction survey to let my boss know that they liked me.
* Percentage of patients who thought their pain was "Always" well controlled.
I love that one. Open-heart surgery won't hurt a bit, sir. We will keep you totally pain-free all of the time. All this making you not dead won't hurt a bit.
And as a NOC-shifter, I love this one, too:
* Percentage of patients who reported that their room was "Always" quiet at night.
I had a guy once who was pissy about all the "damned noise happening down the hall." I admit I was fried, having just come down the hall from the ugly code that was happening. It wasn't my best night. So instead of being all soothe-y and pillow-fluffy and sympathetic, I was human. I snapped at him: "I'm sorry, did that woman dying DISTURB your beauty sleep?"
I'm sure he complained about me on his patient satisfaction survey.
What's stunning about this website isn't that such a tool should exist to evaluate hospitals. After all, baby boomers want to know the cushiest hospital in which to receive their joint replacements because their bottoms have gotten too large for their knees to support any longer. I'm really okay with that, with economic natural selection.
It's the choice of some of the measuring sticks that Press Ganey utilizes.
It's the lack of context in which real illness actually happens. We in health care know that it's nothing like on tv. The public really doesn't.
It's the clash of capitalist economics and socialist economics: we want competition to weed out the better provider of service, but we also need to take care of the elderly, the drug- and alcohol-addicted (and their children), the sick who belong to a low-income tax bracket, the middle income bracket who can't afford the copays until it's too late.
Press Ganey's survey is not a bad idea. It chose some strange rulers. Today, I'm only ranting.
The real issue is that I'm wondering what some better rulers would be.
Anonymous said...
You're talking about the CMS-sponsored HCAHPS survey here, not about patient satisfaction surveys. This data is publicly reported on
RehabNurse said...
Oh, I work for the feds and no one cares about patient satisfaction at all...even though we're constantly threatened by exposes by Nightline, Dateline NBC, and everyone else. You say Press-Ganey and the kids say, "Huh?"
If we used a little common sense and did our best instead of worrying how much time we'd have sitting down in the break room or in the nurses' station, it wouldn't be so bad. (I ain't killin' myself most days like I was in my private hospital job...and they had Press-Ganeys)
Pissed off patients in the VA system call Congressmen. This starts the domino theory and things go downhill from there.
Press-Ganey crap was so much simpler than government mumbo-jumbo, believe it or not!
RehabNurse said...
Anonymous said...
I love it..I'm sorry, did that woman dying disturb your peace?
on the tele unit, where rooms are still semi-private, i had a less than pleasant patient who was s/p bilateral above knee amputations refuse to have her curtain closed. she exercised this right mid-code on her roommate. when i pulled her curtain the whole way shut, she began screaming "it's my right to refuse that curtain being shut! you can't do this to me!"
I shouted back "This patient deserves privacy right now and you're gonna knock it off! If you want the curtain open you get up and open it yourself. Until then, be quiet and have some respect for the dying."
She didn't have much to say after that. I realize it was less than tactful of me...but I'm sure she reflected that on her press ganey survery :)
Anonymous said...
I'm 50 years old and I don't want to ask your permission to go pee. I don't want to have to ask or beg you to come in once in an 8 or 12 hour shift and empty the damn hat so I can go pee. It's your job, do it. If I get up and dump the hat that you never got around to emptying, don't be mad at me.
hamlette2002 said...
This is what I sent to my congressman, the President, the Vice-President, and Medicare:
Dear Sir,
I am very concerned with what is happening to our hospitals. As a healthcare worker, I am increasingly finding that the standard of basing reimbursement from Medicare on a survey that patients are completely unaware of the consequences of not giving the highest score on is, to say the least, disheartening. We do our best to ensure that every patient leaves the hospital in better condition than when they arrived. Yet we are all constantly under the microscope, so to speak, about how we can 1) ensure that each and every department makes itself memorable and 2) the patient is absolutely happy with every little detail of his/her stay.
We are not running hotels. Room service is simply not an option for all patients. There are medical reasons why a patient may not be permitted to eat or drink or have a nice warm blanket. A person who comes to the hospital and is admitted is sick or injured. Chances are that they are not going to enjoy the necessary procedures to restore them to health and wellness.
Instead of an opinion poll, we need a survey that addresses facts. Please, feel free to ask if the patients' meals were nutritious and edible. If a patient requires a machine-soft diet due to their medical condition, chances are that if you ask how much he liked the food, his opinion is not going to be very high. I encourage you to ask if the patients' blood draws were successful. If you ask how courteous the person who took his blood was, he's not going to actually answer that question - he's going to give his opinion of how he feels about needles and how much it hurt. I beseech you to ask the patient if his health or wellness improved from the time of his admission to the time of his discharge. Asking the patient how friendly everyone who encountered him does not answer the question of how efficient his care was.
These surveys, their weight, and the pressure they are putting on our already strained healthcare force, are damaging morale. We are starting to focus so much on how happy the patients are that we're placing their health second. Please help us bring health back into health care, and change or eliminate these patient satisfaction surveys.
Anonymous said...
As a Press Ganey employee, I feel the need to chime in here. Satisfaction is rarely about your medical prognosis. It is how these people were treated. I am looking to my doctor and nursing staff for their expertise. When I walked through the door, my expectation was a team of knowledgeable, professional, and dedicate individuals. What grade do I give for this? A "C"! Think about going into a McDonald's. When you get to the counter you expect the person behind it to be able to take your order, process your payment, and give you your food in a prompt manner. Are you wowed by this? I doubt it. Does the fact that the garbage can behind you is overflowing or employees are acting like children detract from your experience? I would certainly say "yes". As a care provider, remember, these people are all having what could be considered the worst day of their life. Remember that when you interact with them and their families. The way you deliver your opinion matters. Next time you speak with a patient, even if it is only for a few moments, sit on the end of their bed, make eye contact and connect with them. It makes a difference. Remember the old addage, "it's not what you say, but how you say it". It's not about room service. That is the true basics here.
Now to hit on a real area of concern, your survey sample population. In terms of evil, greedy corporation, Press Ganey is the poster child. For facilities that use them, they are being soaked. PG is committed to a 40%+ gross margin on all products. In fact, to maintain this, your facility's costs for their products increase by at least 4% every year. When was the last time CMS allowed you to increase your reimbursement? Their new capital partner, invested over $600MM in the company and is expecting significant returns. In fact, they are mandating that this company grow from $150MM to $500MM within 5 years. They cannot do this by looking out for the interests of healthcare. The average facility really cannot afford to be able to survey a large enough sample of it's ED population to truly have meaningful data that is insulated from outliers (high and low). The greater the number of visits, the harder this becomes.
Here is the truth, these measures matter and the way we interact with patients matters. Want to effect wait times, try a liaison to update people on what is going on. Even if there is nothing to report to a patient, it has an effect that they are cared for and about. Give it a shot! As far as measurement tool, it DOES NOt matter. Data is commodity. Your facility will never use 80% of what their tool does so why pay for it? Save money, find a cheaper provider, raise your sample sizes, and invest in improvement efforts & initiatives. Satisfaction and interaction matters. You do not need a gold-plated ruler to do it effectively. The old wooden one will do just fine. In the end, you can cut costs and raise service levels. They only way this company will change and do the right thing is if you as customers make them do so. Vote with you wallet. Do that and you win. Press Ganey can only continue to hold hostage and pillage if you let them! Best of luck.
Anonymous said...
I have heard about the amount of amount of money PG makes off hospitals for these simplified surveys and "consultative services". They make their money off of hospital executives wanting to brag about their scores. On the back-end they get enormous discounts from the postal service and paper suppliers. This really is capitalism at its best and healthcare at its worst. My advice - write your own surveys and use the money on real improvements, like cleaner facilities, more staff or better service. This is a no-brainer to me - and my friend who quit there.
Lauren said...
I am a recent ER patient and I currently have a survey that I can not possibly wait to submit!
I love how you have examples of ignorant patients who complain about trivial issues while the nurses and doctors are busy trying to save a seriously injured patient who is dying.
I had a positive pregnancy test even though I had my tubes tied 5 yrs ago. After several blood tests of low hcg levels; my doctor gave me a Methotrexate injection to attempt to abort an ectopic pregnancy. We then scheduled a time for an outpatient surgery to remove my tubes completely. In the mean time, I was to report to the ER if I had any severe pains.
I presented at the ER with a rapid heart rate, severe abdominal pain located in a specific area on the right side, tremors, dizziness and severe shoulder pain. I explained to the triage nurse about my current OBGYN situation, the Methotrexate given 4 days prior, upcoming outpatient surgery scheduled. They rushed me to a room and gave me a cup for a urine sample. Then I waited and waited and waited.
FINALLY, a doctor came in, keeping his distance as if I had some sort of deadly virus; asked me to recap my story, then told me my urine sample was negative for pregnancy. He said it was a highly sensitive test and I was definitely no longer pregnant. He asked if it burned to urinate... nope.
Lauren said...
Then he said my abdomen did not look swollen; couldn't be my appendix. He said gas could cause severe pain, but once you pass it, you'll feel better. I asked if it could be a side effect from the Methotrexate. He said he wasn't really familiar with it, but possibly. He said wasn't sure what the cause was but he'd get me discharged with pain meds and come back if I develop a fever.
He walked out, stood five feet from my door and complained to one of the nurses to page the other doctor, because he'd been seeing 4 patients per hour and that was just too many!
Hour passed; a nurse came, asked me if the doctor had come in, asked ME - what did he say - and asked me to explain what the issue was. After explaining this a 3rd time, she said... ah, now I understand. Then she left to go find the doctor because she thought they should do a blood test.
After 1/2 hr I could hear a male voice complaining about his car and a female voice asking him about the 1 he talked about buying. He started on and on about it being out of state, his wife asking why wouldn't he just keep the 1 he had. He went on for at least 15 minutes; why he didn't like the car he had, what he wanted in a new vehicle, important points were vs items he was flexible about, color he liked best, colors he hated and why, and why his wife shouldn't have any say in him buying a new car. This lead to how his wife doesn't work and how he pays all the bills, etc. The female voice chimed in here and there.
Naturally, I had to pee after waiting for 3 hrs, and I knew the bathroom was down the hall.
As soon as I got out from behind the curtain, I was SHOCKED to be staring at MY STUNNED doctor and MY nurse (who went looking for him) and I asked to use the bathroom. They said, sure it's down the hall.... oh... by the way, we're printing up your discharge papers right now!
When I came back, I was handed (by a different nurse) a form to sign and a generic print out regarding possible (harmless) reasons for abdominal pain and follow up with my doctor.
I went right home and called my OBGYN, told this entire story to the nurse, who had the doctor call me immediately asking for every detail and was furious that they turned away a person with a possible ectopic pregnancy, recently given a powerful toxic drug without any type of examination or blood work. He sent me for another hcg blood test.
At my surgery a few days later, my doctor said my hcg test showed levels had gone from 96 to 115. He said he called the ER and spoke to the supervisor (who defended his employee). My OBGYN told him to check the expiration date on his urine pregnancy tests. I had a positive result on a store-brand test purchased the day before a blood hcg test showed my level was 71 and the ER claimed their "ultra-sensitive" test was negative when the next day my blood test showed my hcg level at 115!
Then during my outpatient surgery, my OBGYN located the fetus in my RIGHT tube (EXACTLY where I had been complaining that I had pain) and it was still "alive" and trying to grow. He removed it.
I had a serious medical condition which could have resulted in a ruptured tube and hemorrhaging if I had not been lucky enough to schedule a planned surgery for tubal removal in which we stumbled upon the reason for the severe pain and the ER had just turned me away.
I would not choose my hospital based upon survey responses from patients I don't know and without knowing the circumstances around "what they considered a bad experience." AND - This experience did not keep me from going back to this hospital for my outpatient surgery.
I do like the fact that I get to express my frustration with the DOCTOR AND NURSE in the ER and hope that they actually use this feedback to prevent someone else from ending up back at the ER with more serious complications, or even dead!
kaney said...
What is a Blood Clot? We all experience blood clots from time to time, when we are bleeding; our body creates blood clots to stop the bleeding. However, when a blood clot prevents the natural flow of blood, blocks a vein, or blocks an artery, it becomes harmful and extremely hazardous to our health. Generally, our bodies naturally create the blood clots when a blood vessel has been damaged, then after a few days the vessel will heal and the blood clot will dissolve.
Progonol Calm PRT
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Search This Blog
Thursday, 21 July 2011
How To Make A Long Distance Relationship Work
picture from
Let me just start by saying: Long distance relationships suck. I don't suggest moving halfway across the world and falling in love when you know full well that your work visa is going to expire in six months. But like so many people, the man I love is not exactly the boy next door. I'm lucky enough to have him here with me now, but here's a few things I learned about how to survive a long distance relationship and making it work when you're miles apart.
One thing my boyfriend and I did that really helped us stay connected was we created a "relationship tumblr" and posted all sorts of things to it. I actually just read through the whole thing and it made me laugh so much. Tumblr lets you post pictures straight from your webcam so it's really easy to give them quick, cute update pictures of what you're up to. We posted songs that reminded us of each other. Ben even posted a video of himself dancing to my favorite Smiths song. It made me smile every time I watched it. It was so nice to come home every day and check what he'd posted on the tumblr for me. One day on Skype he told me to check the tumblr for what he'd posted, so I logged on expecting to see a picture of Pauly D or something, but instead I saw this. It was the best moment ever!
Another way to keep connected and keep them updated is get a twitter account. Usually there is nothing worse than people who constantly tweet about what they're eating or watching on tv, but when you're in a long distance relationship you actually kind of care about that mundane stuff. With social networking nowadays, it's easier than ever to be at each others fingertips. Don't tell other people what your twitter account is, and then you won't feel you have to censor it for the masses. It can be your guys' own personal chit chat tool.
From now on, Skype is your best friend. Oh my god, what would we have done without Skype. It's so wonderful to see their face when they wake up (yes, you have to get up early to say goodnight to them, it's worth it.) or actually see them laugh, instead of just hearing it. It's important to put in the effort to make sure you don't slack on calling each other and that you're online when you said you would be. Remember, your both sex deprived so you're going to be a bit moody. It takes two minutes to install Skype if you're staying at a friends house for the night. Another thing we used to do was watch TV shows online with the show open in one window, and Skype open on the other side so we felt like we were watching together.
Send them packages of things significant to where you are. For example, I really miss English things like Jaffa Cakes and PG Tips tea, so that would have been a perfect thing for Ben to send me. You can write them a nice hand written card that you can even spritz with your perfume. I know it sounds really, really cheesy but scent and memory are very closely linked and it's comforting to smell them when you're feeling down.
Resist other people. You are most likely going to meet people of the opposite sex and when you're lonely and craving love they may seem tempting. Also, as I mentioned before, you're sex deprived and propably pulling your hair out with frustration. It's easy to forget, after a few cocktails and some pick up lines, that you've got someone miles away who you love and that this random guy is not better than him. Trust is so important when you're far away from each other. Be strong, go home and have a wank. You'll be with the one you really want soon enough.
Don't get married to your computer. Go out and live your life! In order to keep your Skype conversations interesting, you have to have interesting things to talk about. Most of the conversations you'll end up having will be about what you did that day, and I doubt your boyfriend wants to hear about the Real Housewives marathon you watched, no matter how much drama there was. Go to concerts, art shows, paint them pictures, make an awesome summer checklist and then do it! Make sure you continue being the vibrant, exciting person they fell in love with.
Don't expect every call to be perfect. You will still argue sometimes and there will be times when you have nothing interesting to say to each other. When that happens, it's better to just end to call and don't dwell on it. Nobody gets along all the time and just because your last phone call was a bit lacking, it doesn't mean they don't love you or they're out there boning some loser. Sometimes you're just not in the mood to chat, even to the person you love most in the world.
Well, there you have it. It's not easy, and I'm not saying I never cried or doubted if we would make it. But we did, and it was worth every minute we spent apart to be together now. I wish you all the best of luck, and commend you for your dedication to your relationship!
1. exactly! rigth now skyping across the ocean..)
2. @chestnutmocha
Aw, I wish you both all the best.
3. yeahh! it's so hard! thanks for the tips!
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Saturday, October 13, 2007
Lose Weight In Six Easy Steps
I have a new use for poker. Basically, it goes like this:
1) Log onto Pokerstars or Bodog
2) Open favorite cash game table
3) Get a bunch of money in the pot with donkey drawing thin
4) Get sucked out
5) Get really pissed off
6) Immediately start working out
Wednesday, October 03, 2007
Last Shorter Bet Anyone?
Poker Tournament
Registration code: 2283459
Friday, August 17, 2007
"I had implied odds"
I'm playing a lot more NLHE ring now and frankly, I don't know why I didn't focus on this game a couple years ago. You can punish the fish faster in this game than any other.
At my last live 1/2 ring game, there were at least 4 super fish that thought that they were good. Check out this play by one of them who I'll call NY:
UTG raises to $10 and NY re-raises to $40 in MP with about $400 behind. Then, a very tight player makes it $80 in LP with $120 behind. All fold and MP calls. The flop is rags and MP check-folds.
NY is sitting directly to my right and begins to explain his thinking to me quietly. "See, I had 99 there and I called the $40 knowing that if I hit a set I'd take his whole stack, so I had implied odds."
I just nodded my head up and down. You certainly don't want to educate players at the table. He had implied odds alright, but they sucked. He's calling $40 to potentially win $120 so he's only getting 3 to 1. I think a good rule of thumb is that you need at least 10 to 1 implied odds. Of course, don't re-raise with 99 like that, just call and try to flop a set.
Saturday, July 21, 2007
Live Poker is a Savior!
The cure for my bad run was live poker, in particular the 1/2 NLHE game with a $50-$300 buy-in at Ameristar. I won a couple of $100+ pots with top two pair and a set of 6's and did a nice job of avoiding marginal situations in smallish pots. For example:
I limp AsTs UTG and 7 players see a AxJs2s flop. I check with the intention of check-raising, but MP bets the pot and then the tightest player at the table raises what I know has to be a set of 2's so I let it go.
There are 5 limpers and I check my option in BB with ATo. The flop comes Ts8s4x and I probably should have bet out but I check-folded to some heavy action.
I lost a total of $4 on those two hands.
Then, I raise red tens to $10 UTG and get 2 callers directly to the left of me. The flop is 988r and I bet $30. UTG+1 calls and UTG+2 folds. Alarm bells go off in my head and I check the 5h on the turn. He bets $40 into the $90 pot and I read him for either 99 or AA, and I suspect he is putting me on JJ-KK. I stack up all my chips and he is not worried in the slightest, confirming my read. I say, "There is nothing that I can beat" and muck. He shows AA and says, "Nice fold."
It wasn't the best session ever, but at least it was a winner.
Tuesday, June 26, 2007
Can't Win
Lack of poker posts recently = running very bad. I hate to whine or rant, but goddamit, I'm sick of losing! Losing is not fun! It doesn't matter how good I play or what game, I will lose to the biggest donkeys. For example, I just busted out of the PLO8 tourney with A456 on a 23J board after getting it all-in on the flop 3-ways with 50% equity. The turn and river were TJ and I got nada. So I go play some LHE, it folds to me OTB and I raise with TT. Only the BB calls and we see a K9x flop. He check/called my bet. The turn was a T and he check/raised; I re-raised with the 3rd nuts and he capped. The river didn't pair the board and I called his bet and got shown QJ of course. I swear, it's a fucking repeat of this shit every night.
Okay, that's the end of my rant. You will see no posts here again until I'm running better. If you must see more of me, check out my investment blog where I've been profiling one of the best stock opportunities that I've ever seen.
Sunday, April 01, 2007
Poker Blows
Have you ever screamed so loud that you ruptured a blood vessel? That's basically what happens every time I play poker. It's insane how often I get sucked out on, run into coolers and miss monster draws. It happens so often that I just expect it...that's how bad poker blows. I'm at a point where I would rather bluff with garbage and get people to fold versus value betting good hands because I know that they won't hold up. Have you ever felt like this?
My therapy has been to play a bunch of short-handed, low-limit Holdem against passive opponents. I basically raise and re-raise any reasonable hand preflop while in position and continue the aggression post flop regardless of the board. So far, it has been fun and refreshing being a lag-tard versus my natural tendency to be somewhat tight and nitty. There is just something about raising every hand that gives you a sense of power and helps the tilt go away. If you are struggling with your game, I highly recommend pounding away on the low-limit short-handed games for a while.
Thursday, March 22, 2007
Unacceptable Hand
I hate it when people play poorly and beat me. My opponent actually has about 54% equity on this flop with his wheel draw and flush draw but he doesn't re-raise me like he should have (you want to see all 5 cards with that hand!). Instead, he waits until I have 59% equity on the turn to make a bad all-in call.
PokerStars Game #9041129322: Omaha Hi/Lo No Limit ($0.25/$0.50) -
2007/03/22 - 23:19:13 (ET)
Table 'Tithonus V' 9-max Seat #7 is the button
Seat 1: Pio_the_King ($84.65 in chips)
Seat 2: Spiderman419 ($37.70 in chips)
Seat 3: Dustydawg ($34.85 in chips)
Seat 4: No_Limpin1 ($61.75 in chips)
Seat 5: Hillcrestkid ($59.85 in chips)
Seat 7: MrCooler1 ($66.20 in chips)
Seat 9: sachem99 ($72.70 in chips)
sachem99: posts small blind $0.25
Pio_the_King: posts big blind $0.50
*** HOLE CARDS ***
Dealt to No_Limpin1 [Td 2c Ad Ah]
Spiderman419: calls $0.50
Dustydawg: folds
No_Limpin1: raises $2 to $2.50
Hillcrestkid: folds
MrCooler1: folds
sachem99: calls $2.25
Pio_the_King: folds
Spiderman419: calls $2
*** FLOP *** [9c As 5c]
sachem99: bets $1.50
Spiderman419: folds
MrCooler1 is sitting out
No_Limpin1: raises $9 to $10.50
sachem99: calls $9
*** TURN *** [9c As 5c] [Ts]
sachem99: checks
No_Limpin1: bets $48.75 and is all-in
sachem99: calls $48.75
*** RIVER *** [9c As 5c Ts] [2s]
*** SHOW DOWN ***
sachem99: shows [4d 3c 7h Ac] (HI: a straight, Ace to Five; LO:
No_Limpin1: mucks hand
sachem99 collected $61.75 from pot
sachem99 collected $61.75 from pot
*** SUMMARY ***
Total pot $126.50 | Rake $3
Board [9c As 5c Ts 2s]
Seat 1: Pio_the_King (big blind) folded before Flop
Seat 2: Spiderman419 folded on the Flop
Seat 3: Dustydawg folded before Flop (didn't bet)
Seat 4: No_Limpin1 mucked [Td 2c Ad Ah]
Seat 5: Hillcrestkid folded before Flop (didn't bet)
Seat 7: MrCooler1 (button) folded before Flop (didn't bet)
Seat 9: sachem99 (small blind) showed [4d 3c 7h Ac] and won ($123.50)
with HI: a straight, Ace to Five; LO: 5,4,3,2,A
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Forgot your password?
Science Technology
Will Climate Engineering Ever Go Prime Time? 281
Posted by samzenpus
Will Climate Engineering Ever Go Prime Time?
Comments Filter:
• Wrong idea (Score:5, Interesting)
• Re: (Score:3, Insightful)
by piripiri (1476949)
And repeat the whole damn shit again? No thank you.
• by 0123456 (636235)
And repeat the whole damn shit again? No thank you.
We're quite happy for you to stay behind while we take over the rest of the universe.
• by 32771 (906153)
How? Is there Oil on Mars?
• by Lifyre (960576)
No but they have Rainbows and Unicorns and last I checked they were valid power sources for wishes and dreams.
• Re:Wrong idea (Score:4, Interesting)
The Colonization Of Other Worlds: The Industry Dilemma [dailykos.com]
• by 32771 (906153)
You might want to figure out what mineralogical barrier means and why because of that we don't have centuries left for a space program with our current energy sources.
So it is either fusion and total environmental destruction or stone age in a few centuries.
Read Georgescu-Roegen's works and a paper called something like "Elements of hope" by A. Diederen.
Good night and good luck.
• Right, because settlers on another planet, moon or exoplanet wouldn't have to worry about conserving every little thing they possibly could to survive. Releasing CO2 into the atmosphere would be colossally stupid since they'd most likely have a closed system where the plants can use this CO2 to provide oxygen and food in return. Plus it's not like we'll be using oil as an energy source since not only would it probably be nonexistent on another world, but it would also require oxygen to combust, something wh
• Re:Wrong idea (Score:4, Insightful)
by realcoolguy425 (587426) on Wednesday August 31, 2011 @02:38PM (#37267534)
You first.
This again leads back to my conclusion that people with a liberal mindset believe that resources are running out, and that they need to force change on other people. I'm not saying they're completely wrong, even though I am, but this belief in extreme resource scarcity is at the heart of this sort of logic. Besides, we can do what China is planning, nudge big rocks closer and mine off of them. If you're worried about the climate not staying exactly the same from one year to the next, you have picked the wrong planet to be born on.
The accusation that climate change alarmists are forming a secular religion I believe is not completely unfounded. Anyone who would follow the Goracle on the topic of climate change may not like it when the computer models are finally generated that finally reflect reality. It will be data gathered from satellites that I believe will finally put an end to playing climate games by sampling data in way that produces the desired results. Recent NASA data that shows more heat escapes into space than we previously thought is part of the point I'm trying to make here. I'm not pretending to be an expert on this topic, but I know more than enough to understand that there are people with a vested interest in perpetuating any narrative that casts CO2 as the enemy of man.
• Re:Wrong idea (Score:4, Insightful)
by Dunbal (464142) * on Wednesday August 31, 2011 @03:01PM (#37267826)
Resources will never run out, thanks to conservation of matter. What will get tighter all the time, however, is resources per capita. If technology fails to continue its trend of being able to do more with less and if we keep breeding like rabbits then necessarily we will all suffer important changes to our lifestyle as the amount of available resources per individual falls.
Also you have to bear in mind that resources have a cycle - from discovery and mining, drilling, production or whatever - through being manufactured and distributed into usable products, to belonging to someone and being used in the manner they're supposed to be used and finally after succumbing to entropy, being discarded and/or recycled. That means that with many people you have a huge amount of resources "out of the loop" at any given time, meaning that either you have to make goods that last a lifetime, or highly disposable goods that are cycled quickly. Guess which avenue those who make and sell the resources would prefer...
• by blueg3 (192743)
This is only true if "resources" is strictly the same as "matter", and note then that it's not really true. Not only do light gases and a small number of space exploration objects leave Earth forever, but radioactive elements are being converted (more or less irreversibly) into different elements.
Only the sum total of energy in the Universe is really conserved by conservation of energy (matter).
However, lots of resources aren't just matter -- from a physics perspective, both harnessable energy and particula
• Re:Wrong idea (Score:5, Insightful)
by GameboyRMH (1153867) <gameboyrmh.gmail@com> on Wednesday August 31, 2011 @03:14PM (#37268004) Journal
Resources will never run out, thanks to conservation of matter.
Even that is a bit misleading in most cases. For example, even if you assume that the energy to do so is readily available, turning the exhaust from a car's tailpipe, the heat from it's radiator, the sound waves from it's stereo, the cold air from it's AC system, and the vehicle's forward momentum back into gasoline is most impractical.
• by gordona (121157) on Wednesday August 31, 2011 @03:42PM (#37268316) Homepage
I had a '56 chevy that I put on a bunch of devices that were supposed to save gas. Every few miles I had to stop and siphon the tank to keep it from overflowing!!!
• by overshoot (39700)
Resources will never run out, thanks to conservation of matter.
As long as you're content with the elements arranged (or dispersed) however they end up, that works pretty well.
On the other hand, if you're looking for phosphorus in quantities sufficient for agricultural use, refining it out of the oceans is not going to be profitable. Likewise with helium from atmospheric extraction compared to tapping into geological gas pockets.
• by SirGarlon (845873)
Actually, it is quite possible that we will stop breeding like rabbits. There is a strong inverse correlation between income and birth rate. As the "developing" world slowly but surely rises out of poverty, global population levels will eventually stabilize. They might even go down. I am not an expert on this but one interesting source of data is www.gapminder.org. Their basic thesis is that
• by Chemisor (97276)
Correlation does not imply causation. Just because people with higher incomes have fewer children doesn't mean raising incomes will lower birthrates. If you think about it for a second, it becomes obvious that causation here goes the other way. Incomes will not rise until birth rates go down and families can start accumulating capital in form of houses, personal possessions, and money to spend on increasing income through education, entrepreneural financing, and just plain survival until the next paycheck w
• Re: (Score:3, Insightful)
by Dunbal (464142) *
Er you're backwards. People have fewer kids out of the fear of not being able to afford them or maintain their previous lifestyle. Understanding that this fear is real and not imagined is a function of education, not income. There's nothing magical about being poor that forces you to have more kids. Condoms and other forms of birth control are not that expensive. Here in the third world, where I live, there are government programs that give them away free. I've had many women from poor families save money t
• The thing is everyone wasn't to be the guy on record saying I told you so. And they Giggle in Glee if it does happen, even though it may be quite desasterious. (Think Slashdot when there is a severe Microsoft volnerability)
There is a lot of people saying there is a problem. Not not too many coming with valid solutions to it. And like all solutions they come with tradeoffs so this same group of complainers will complain about the solution.
Nuclear is a good solution, but it has good size tradeoffs.
Winds So
• Re:Wrong idea (Score:4, Insightful)
by interkin3tic (1469267) on Wednesday August 31, 2011 @05:01PM (#37269178)
As opposed to assuming they'll never run out despite every indication they will, and letting other people selfishly use them up? Gee, we're such assholes.
When climate change is avoidable by a little self-restraint, we should take steps to avoid that climate change. In life, pain is inevitable, but that's a pretty piss-poor justification for saying "It's okay for me to hurt you, because if you worry about pain you picked the wrong planet to be born on."
Some people on this side of the debate are stupid yes, but that doesn't make all of us wrong.
Your accusations that people are skewing the data have not been backed up. Most recently the whole climategate thing showed the skeptics were trying to make something out of nothing.
If the data is being skewed, where's the smoking gun? If you don't have it, then stop throwing those lies around.
• What...exactly...is the "vested interest" some people have in perpetuating a myth of climate change?
• Re:Wrong idea (Score:5, Informative)
by Rei (128717) on Wednesday August 31, 2011 @02:55PM (#37267758) Homepage
Colonizing other planets is *WAY* more difficult than geoengineering Earth where our entire industrial base is. The atmosphere is a super-thin skin over all of us.
I like to help people picture how easy it is to change CO2 levels this way. Picture you have the Hindenburg full of pre-industrial-revolution air. How much gasoline would you have to burn to bring its CO2 levels up from that to modern CO2 levels?
Pre-industrial CO2 was around 280PPM. Today's are around 100ppm more. The Hindenburg held 200,000 cubic meters of gas. STP air density is about 1.2kg/m^3, so the Hindenburg would hold about 240,000kg of air. 100ppm of CO2 from that is 24kg. The carbon content of CO2 is 30%, so that's 7.2kg of carbon. Gasoline has 2.4kg of carbon per gallon. So three gallons of gasoline.
In short, a single fill of a gas tank on your average car could raise the CO2 content of a volume of air the size of *three* Hindenburgs to modern levels (+36%). When something is as diffuse as air, and when you're talking about gasses that are trace even within that, it becomes very easy to mess with them, even when you're talking about an area the size of the planet.
The downside to most geoengineering projects, however, is that they're merely masking. Most of them -- not all, but most -- simply try to hide the effects of one symptom of CO2 rise or another (usually the heat, ignoring the ocean acidification). Several problems come from this. One, you need ever-greater measures to keep masking the CO2 rise, with ever-greater side effects from whatever side-effects that method has, and ever-greater costs. And two, if you ever stop, or your system ever fails, or you discover that the side effects are too great, or whatnot, there's a sudden surge in temperatures as all of the effects you'd been hiding take full force. Really, you need to address the cause, not the symptom. You don't treat cancer with Tylenol.
There are some geoengineering projects, however, that do work on getting the CO2 out of the atmosphere. At the same time, they shouldn't be rushed without further study, or you risk causing more problems than you're trying to solve. The classic CO2 elimination proposal is of seeding the oceans with iron. Some wishful thinkers like to hope that as CO2 levels rise, plant growth will just correspondingly rise and eat up the additional CO2. But most of the world's surface area is not CO2-limited, but nutrient limited -- in the oceans, usually iron; proposing that CO2 will just increase global plant growth is like proposing that adding more sunlight to a desert will increase its plant growth. For most of the oceans, extra CO2 is simply an acidifier, which reduces maximum biomass. So the concept goes, add iron and you increase photosynthetic activity, and thus sequestration, turning the dead zones into oases of life. It's a neat concept, but a lot of things are still widely open for debate. Do you actually increase the sequestration rate, or does the additional bloom all just rot before it can be deposited? Do you cause hypoxia and severely negative downstream conditions from it? Do you rob the ocean of other minerals and cause severely negative downstream conditions from that? Etc. Basically, ocean seeding is something that bears investigation, but not a rush project. We need to know just what we're getting into before we get into it.
• by cobrausn (1915176)
Yeah, but if we fuck it up on this planet, we risk destroying the entire species. If we try it out on another planet, well, there's always more of those.
"I believe that the long-term future of the human race must be in space," he said. "It will be difficult enough to avoid disaster on planet Earth in the next 100 years, let alone next thousand, or million. The human race shouldn't have all its eggs in one basket, or on one planet. Let's hope we can avoid dropping the basket until we have spread the lo
• by mcmonkey (96054)
Interesting. But how many Hindenburgs is the entire atmosphere?
Put another way, it took us about 300 years to get atmospheric CO2 from the pre-industrial levels to current.
• We would have to mess up this planet amazingly bad before Mars starts looking like a good option. I hope it won't come to that.
• It always amuses me to hear all these ravings about "getting off this rock", as if doing so would somehow be of a direct benefit to you. Colonization of other planets may indeed eventually happen, in order to make our species less vulnerable to extinction due to damage or even destruction of the Earth. Likewise, we may want to send colonies to other stars to avoid going extinct if something were to happen to ours. What is definitely not going to happen is outward population migration to those other planets
• We need to GET OFF THIS ROCK
Yes, but not because of climate change. That's like saying "I've really ruined the carpet in this apartment. Better move to a new apartment in a new town."
• Can't we do both? Fix this rock and find another nice rock?
• Oh dear (Score:4, Insightful)
by 0123456 (636235) on Wednesday August 31, 2011 @02:27PM (#37267366)
I really hope I'm a long way from Earth before some idiot decides to try one of these things. Otherwise I'll be getting out the skis because we'll be heading for a new ice age.
Though I did like the proposal in the 60s to use Apollo lunar modules to carry big mirrors into orbit which would reflect sunlight into the Vietnamese jungles at night. Abosolutely insane, but good fun.
• Right, don't try and remove carbon dioxide from the air, in fact, don't even look at the viability of it. There's absolutely no reason anybody would ever need to know how to do that.
• Its already being done in most parts of the world. Lookup Cloud Seeding
• by nido (102070)
Or just look up in the sky. Some days you might see odd "contrails" from jets that don't disperse properly, and after a time there's a funny grid pattern up there, before strange "hazy clouds" form (in what was a perfectly blue sky). The "crazies's" websites say that there are patents for dispersing aluminum and other atomized elements through a jet engine... Or maybe "they" have a fleet of drones with spray nozzles on the wings.
I've seen them in Arizona, and also in southern Oregon. Pictures here, so you k
• srsly? Chemtrail conspiracy theories on slashdot?
Contrails can become clouds in a clear sky, if the atmospheric conditions are right. I suppose you could see this as a kind of accidental geoengineering, since there's some evidence the increased cloud cover reduces surface temperatures.
• Climate engineering is already being done in most of the developed and developing world. Lookup Global Warming.
• Everyone talks about the weather. But no one does anything about it
• I find it odd that you are sure releasing tons of CO2 into the atmosphere can't possibly be having negative effects, but attempting to regulate the Earth's temperature is sure to cause nothing but doom and ice. Reminds me of those people who won't take drugs they're prescribed because those doctors are out to get them with their "chemicals" but will inhale thousands of chemicals if they're sold by Philip Morris.
• by samjam (256347) on Wednesday August 31, 2011 @02:29PM (#37267398) Homepage Journal
Sure, illegal interception of the intergalactic parcel post is a nice entry to the rest of the universe!
Wait till the Zargons come around looking for their bundle of palladium and naquadah, and we've not even made parole since last time (whatever it was we did to the sphinx or something).
• by goldspider (445116) <ardrake79.gmail@com> on Wednesday August 31, 2011 @02:31PM (#37267424) Homepage
What could possibly go wrong?
• by dkleinsc (563838)
If a government policy promises consequence A, and gets 95% of A and 5% of unintended consequences, is it something that should just be thrown away?
I'm all in favor of judging a government policy based on the usefulness of its goals and its effectiveness in achieving its goals. I'm not in favor of rejecting all government actions of any kind because it's not going to be 100% of what was planned on.
To make this a bit more concrete: Assume 5% of recipients of unemployment are rejecting job offers because they
• by Shatrat (855151)
The other problem is that the 95% which comprise intended consequences consist entirely of making the correct people filthy fucking rich, see cap and trade.
• Some technologies are obviously risky but how is removing CO2 from the atmosphere going to create major unintended consequences? We know how the effects of less CO2 because we experienced in the recent past.
Compare this to our current geoengineering project of raising the CO2 levels in the atmosphere where we have no idea what the consequences are.
• The unintended consequences aren't from the lower CO2 levels, but from the method we use to lower the levels. For example, seeding the ocean with nutrients to stimulate growth of algae to take CO2 from the air. The consequences we have to consider for that are what happens to existing ocean life? Would they be unable to compete with the new algae thus causing a die off of oceanic fish and mammals?
Certainly the current state of affairs with rising temperatures isn't ideal, but it would be a mistake to assume
• by RichMan (8097) on Wednesday August 31, 2011 @02:34PM (#37267470)
We are already doing several forms of environmental engineering
1) sulpher release - who knew it caused acid rain
2) CFC release - Ozone, whats that, and who needs it anyways
3) flooded land for resoivoirs leads to mercury release from rocks that contaminates fish - nah couldn't happen.
4) urban heat islands
5) plane contrails - planes make clouds, again who could make that connection
6) CO2 release from long term geological storage - well it's good for the plants .....
whats a few more.
• True, this is the best argument I've seen for geo-engineering. We're already fucking with the environment drastically with no plan or real intent (but with known negative effects), why not fuck with it in a planned way towards a positive goal?
• by mapkinase (958129)
I am already modifying my bike:
1) bumped into a street sign pole yesterday - who knew my front wheel will turn into 8?
• Maybe they should look for a way to diminsh the strength and impact of hurricanes and typhoons.
• Once fusion or other excess power is viable, the abundance of energy combined with advanced automation and robotic technologies could easily enable even enormously large scale environmental projects that are out of reach today. For example large artificial ocean floating islands producing heat/cold/vapor could easily be manipulating atmospheric condition to prevent hurricanes... There is no doubt that there will be technology in the future that is capable to affect weather this way.
• by tp1024 (2409684)
Hurricanes have been known to occur in the Caribbean Sea by Europeans since the year 1500 - and paleotempestology has shown those to have been hitting on ocean shores of the USA basically for ever. That includes both of the spots where New Orleans and New York have been founded. If you don't prepare for things that have been happening for centuries, it's your own damn fault. [wordpress.com]
Don't blame climate change for things that never needed any change at all to occur in the past.
• by 32771 (906153)
We could use the remaining half of Oil reserves to do this for instance.
• Circular problem (Score:4, Interesting)
• by Comboman (895500)
There are ways to sequester CO2 that don't require much energy input, like planting trees or spreading iron in the ocean to encourage algae growth. Other climate engineering ideas don't involve sequestering CO2 at all but rather reducing the amount of sunlight absorbed on earth and increasing the amount of sunlight reflected back into space. These can vary from orbiting mirrors, to really high smoke stacks on existing coal-fired plants, to painting your roof white. Many are local and scalable so that the
• Because people who bought into the BS about how mankind is somehow responsible for the weather are now realizing that it's nothing but a hoax perpetrated by a handful of scientists shilling for research grants, governments desperate for new ways to tax peopole, and a washed-up politician who refuses to debate the issue with anyone who dares to disagree.
• Hey dude you typed in the URL for Freerepublic wrong.
• by brit74 (831798)
I'd bet a billion dollars that, if you told the companies responsible for global warming that the government was going to pay them to correct global warming, they'd flip 180 degrees and admit that the science for global warming is solid. Afterall, it was only the lust for money that they denied it in the first place. (The oil companies stand to reap a hundreds trillion of dollars* worth of money in oil revenue -- which is far larger than any money earned by climate scientists. So, if you're going to bein
• If ever somewhere in the world someone died because climate related issues after doing things, fingers will point to whoever "knowing" did some change. At least now you can say that you weren't aware of the consequences. But once you say that know the consequences, and did it with the intention of changing climate conditions, you will be seen as responsible.
• Works the following way:
First, cut down all those huge areas of forests all over the earth, in order to decrease vegetative respiration and general evaporation of water. This gets you a double benefit. It means that you decrease the formation of those pesky clouds with their high albedo, which should increase surface temperature through additional sunshine.
But actually, the temperature increases because less water is evaporated through sunlight, which takes up a lot of energy and severely decreases surf
• I saw a feature on Discovery Channel a while back about solar-powered CO2 extractors. It makes me wonder if you could spin that into carbon fibers directly and produce vacuum formed or injection molded composites for a wide variety of applications.
Carbon is such a versatile element that it would be fantastic to mine it from the air and bend it to whatever use you have while lowering atmospheric CO2 levels; kills two birds with one stone.
• I've seen these Terrestrial Reclamation Energy Exfoliates too! I hear that when they are fully charged, you can make all sorts of neat stuff out of them chairs, tables, houses...
I know what you are getting at, I just couldn't resist....
• Yes. Just because it's likely to work doesn't make it less exciting.
• by tp1024 (2409684)
Actually, reforestation has a much more direct impact [slashdot.org] on temperatures than sequestering CO2 could ever have. It also prevents water from directly running off in rivers - with helps with mitigating all the floods that are occurring these days after people have sealed too many surfaces that would usually have held back the rain. (Which people ignore and instead blame all floods on climate change.)
But forests also increase evaporation, because water running off in rivers has a much lower surface area and doe
• it would take incredible amounts of funding to engineer climate, and so naturally one would assume corporations to take the role
this wont work, because the majority of the worst offenders in terms of climate simply dont care about the problem and are only working to
marginalize scientific dissent.
government would have to do something like this, but in america it would never work due to our various legislative and regulatory branches being
comprised largely of corporate kingpins and mouthpieces.
• Corporations can profit off geoengineering.
The problem with the Kyoto Protocol was that it required nations to use less energy which would hurt energy companies profits. It will also put one country at a disadvantage because other nations will ignore the Kyoto Proctocol and have the advantage higher energy usage. There is no economic incentive for an individual nation to follow the Kyoto Protocol.
With geoengineering, we can theoretically burn all the cheap fossil fuels we want and not have to worry about
• by justleavealonemmmkay (1207142) on Wednesday August 31, 2011 @04:12PM (#37268654)
It took us 250 years to ramp up a (profitable) industry that ultimately boils down to turn turning craploads of alkane chains into water and craploads of carbon dioxide. Unless we find a process that does the opposite orders of magnitudes faster and at near zero cost, it'll take thousand of years to reverse the effects.
And I haven't begun yet on how we could possibly control such a system with 1) no measurable effect before decades 2) no idea if we fuck up something else with the side effects before centuries.
Frankly, we'd be better off learning to live with the effects.
*snip the rest of the song*
There was an old woman who swallowed a cow,
I don't know how she swallowed a cow!
She swallowed the cow to catch the goat,
She swallowed the goat to catch the dog,
She swallowed the dog to catch the cat,
She swallowed the cat to catch the bird,
She swallowed the bird to catch the spider,
That wriggled and jiggled and tickled inside her,
She swallowed the spider to catch the fly,
I don't know why she swallowed the fly,
Perhaps she'll die.
There was an old woman who swallowed a horse,
She's deadâ"of course!
• by azgard (461476) on Wednesday August 31, 2011 @04:21PM (#37268768)
The only reason why to think about climate engineering is to fix the problem caused by current "unintended climate engineering", i.e. the global warming due to accumulation of CO2. And unfortunately, climate engineering, as any large scale project, needs a lot of energy.
Where are we going to take the energy? We have basically 2 options:
- Use a carbon-based source. Then this doesn't make sense, because if you actually calculate it, you will find out that to fix the amount of CO2 released by geoengineering you need to release more CO2 than you will fix. Even if you wouldn't, you still need to release CO2 from the energy source somewhere, at some point, so this is in fact always less efficient than not using that energy at all.
- Use a renewable source. Then this doesn't make sense either, because we can do that now and forget about the problem.
So simply, either way you look at it, it's better to stop releasing the CO2 in the first place rather than trying to finance (energetically) an adhoc solution for unintended CO2 released.
• by Black Sabbath (118110) on Wednesday August 31, 2011 @04:49PM (#37269060) Homepage
I find it difficult to fathom why people think geoengineering is feasible.
In terms of cost, effort, technical know-how and potential risk, there seems to be a clear hierarchy of options:
1. Conservation/efficiency - do more with less
2. Alternative sources - biofuels, algae, solar, thermal storage etc
3. Geo-engineering - deal with the consequences of failing on 1 and 2
4. Colonize another planet - !!!
If people can't be convinced to make even the smallest dent in their lifestyle to support the costs of doing 1 and 2, what on earth makes anyone think taxpayers will be willing to fund the true cost of 3 (or 4)?
Talk about jumping the shark.
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http://science.slashdot.org/story/11/08/31/1746218/Will-Climate-Engineering-Ever-Go-Prime-Time
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A More Perfect Union - Recap
<-- Previous EpisodeNext Episode -->
Finally, he relents. Later, Guards warily march Red Eye and Ben into Manchester's office. Ben speaks for him, with his spikes glowing. "Captain Weaver, I'm not sure you realize the prize you had when you captured the overlord last week," he explains. That overlord was in charge of military operations for the eastern US. Red Eye says it was a mistake to let him live. He explains the overlords are so smart; they don't use computers they keep everything in their heads. If that overlord had been killed, the alien efforts would have been thrown into chaos. Red Eye explains they have intel on when that overlord will be vulnerable again. The aliens are building a machine and the overlord will be there in three days to inspect it.
The rebels need the human's help because they can't approach undetected. Ben leaves with the rebels. Bressler doesn't believe it and shoots the mission down. He orders Tom and Weaver locked up again but Weaver suggests he let the 2nd Mass go on the mission. Bressler agrees. When they leave, Bressler orders Clemons to take out all the rebel skitters overnight. Outside the compound, Hal goes looking for Ben. He apologizes for what happened with Karen. Ben tells him he thinks he's found a place he belongs. Hal thinks he belongs with his family, but Ben's mind is made up. Back in Charleston, Anne and Lourdes pack up medical supplies when Anne has to break to barf. Tom doesn't know she's pregnant yet. She'll tell him after this mission. Up in his office, Manchester is indignant that he's under house arrest.
Tom is telling him again that they have to go fight when Ben comes in bleeding. His camp was attacked. At the camp, there are dead skitters and harnessed kids everywhere. Bressler asks if he saw who did it; Clemons collects evidence of his own attack. Bressler cancels Tom's mission. Ben in the meanwhile, tells his dad the mission is about more than taking out the overlord; the machine they're building is very dangerous. Red Eye had more evidence than he was willing to share with Bressler. Tom and Weaver tell Bressler they're going and he puts up a show of objecting, but is secretly pleased when they go forward. Dai, Maggie, Anthony and Weaver on the other hand pack up weapons. Tom's daughter Jean wants to go, but he tells her she should stay in Charleston and help rebuild.
She's worried about losing him but he assures her he'll be fine. Ben in the meanwhile, draws up plans of the machine layout from memory. Tector rejoins the Berserkers, explaining he shot Lyle in the arm so Clemons wouldn't kill him. Pope accepts him back. Tom on the other hand tells Matt that he wants him to stay behind and keep Lourdes safe. Anne joins Tom. The 2nd Mass rolls out. On site, they poke through the cramped underground tunnels. Ben leads Weaver and the rest to a wall, where he expects the chamber to be on the other side. He tells Tom he can feel that the overlord is there. Dai and Anthony blow the wall. The small 2nd Mass goes through into a giant cavernous space with an equally large glowing machine in the middle of the chamber. They all wonder how long until the aliens show up.
They split up to lay out C4 around the machine of the towering machine. It's pointing up at the sky. Ben says it wasn't meant for humans. Ben's harness starts to glow and skitters rush in. One skewers Dai before anyone can react. More skitters rush in and they try to fight them off but the skitters quickly grab each of them. Karen comes in. It is shown that, all the humans are strung up by their hands at the base of the machine. The overlord shows up. Karen tells them they're all going to die, but first they're going to talk. Karen wields the torture stick she used before on Tom, and then turns it to Hal, but she kisses him instead. He then passes out. She then zaps Weaver. She in the end moves on to Anne and is about to zap her when she puts her head on Anne's stomach instead.
She tells Tom that Anne's pregnant with his child. Karen's about to zap Anne when Tom says, he'll tell them anything they want to know. Just then, a group of rebel skitters bust in. The alien restraints that were holding the humans go slack and they fall to the ground, free. The rebels attack as Red Eye jumps on the overlord. They fight, but eventually, the overlord gets the upper hand and slices him with a talon. Tom meanwhile grabs the zapping torture stick and races at the overlord. He swipes his legs out from under him, knocking him to the ground. He stabs him repeatedly with the stick. Karen tells Tom it's not over and he'll never win, then she scampers up the walls and gets away. Ben on the other hand tends to Red Eye, who is beyond help.
He gives Ben a message and takes Tom's hand, telling him to keep the fight going. Tom and Ben carry the unconscious Hal out of there. They regroup and leave. Safely outside, they blow the machine. They return to Charleston, carting Dai's body and Hal. "Mission accomplished, sir," Weaver reports to Bressler. They come home to a hero's welcome. Tom gets a big hug from his daughter. Matt asks Ben if he's staying. Tom starts to explain that Ben has important work to do, but Ben says he is. In sick bay, Anne says there's technically nothing wrong with Hal. They just have to wait and see what happens. Tom tells Anne he's happy she's pregnant, but she wonders how fair it is to bring a child into this world. He tells her they have to if there's ever going to be a future.
Hal wakes up from his hospital bed with no one else around. He goes to the mirror and a small bug crawls out of his eye and into his ear. He smiles. Tom on the other hand visits Manchester. Bressler as it turns out has agreed to restore civil rule if Manchester gives up the office of majority leader, which he's fine with. Manchester thinks Tom would be perfect for the job. Tom is flattered, but he tells Manchester that he and Weaver have already agreed that Charleston is not the place for the 2nd Mass. They have to keep fighting.
Outside, Tom tells Weaver the sooner they get out of Charleston, the better. Suddenly, the walls start to quake. Everyone runs outside and looks up to the sky, which is full of lightning and dark clouds. There's a high pitched whine and suddenly blue lights start falling from the sky; they're pod ships. One lands directly in front of the 2nd Mass and opens up. A new kind of alien gets out. The episode ends at this point.
Written By David Sibert
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Aereo heading to Atlanta
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http://www.tvrage.com/Falling_Skies/episodes/1065176810/recap
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Travelers Leave 12,000 Laptops In Airports Every Week
Absentminded travelers flummoxed by airport security leave 12,000 laptops in airports every single week. Only 30% are ever recovered.
The Ponemon study indicates that most airport laptop losses occur at the security checkpoints or at the departure gates, where it’s easy to leave things behind. More than 70 percent of business travelers say they feel rushed when trying to get on their flights, and 69 percent said they are usually carrying too many items while trying to catch their flights.
Los Angeles’s LAX reported more laptop losses than any other airport, about 1,200 per week. Most of the airports said they generally keep the laptops for some period of times, then destroy them if they are unclaimed.
Sixty-five percent of the business travelers admit that they do not take steps to protect the confidential information contained on their laptops when traveling on business, according to the study. Forty-two percent say they don’t back up their data before going on a trip. Fewer than 20 percent of respondents said they have whole disk encryption or file encryption on their machines.
Interestingly, only 1 percent of the respondents admitted personally losing a laptop computer. However, 84 percent say they know someone who has lost a laptop while traveling on business.
The UK’s The Real Hustle shows how security checkpoints offer thieves an unrivaled opportunity to poach laptops from unsuspecting travelers:
Next time you travel, keep an eye and hand on your laptop. And don’t be ashamed to admit if it’s stolen. Clearly, you’re not alone.
Laptop Losses Total 12,000 Per Week at US Airports [Dark Reading]
The Real Hustle – The Airport X-Ray Steal [YouTube]
(AP Photo/M. Spencer Green)
1. cmcd14 says:
So how do the airports not wipe them and sell them at discount? Trashing them seems like a huge loss of potential revenue.
2. snoop-blog says:
and yet we have problems getting children and schools pc’s…
3. @cmcd14: I was wondering the same thing. This on top of being charges all those extra fuel surcharges. Grumble, grumble…
4. teh says:
@cmcd14: Selling them seems like a huge gain for potential personal data thieves.
5. cwicseolfor says:
Not to nit-pick, but is it 1,200 (like the blurb) or 12,000 (like the headline)?
6. Dobernala says:
@teh: You seemed to have missed the part about wiping them first.
7. legwork says:
If the “destroying” part is anything like how they destroyed all the knives & such, airport employees are getting lots of laptops.
8. I doubt the laptop theft works anymore, now when walking through security you have to remove the laptop from the bag. At least in the US you do
9. dragonfire1481 says:
@Cwicseolfor: The 1200 number was for LAX only, the other number is I believe a nationwide figure.
10. @Dobernala: Indeed so. There are programs which can run on boot that will reformat the HDD a multitude of times. The laptop is then able to be sold as is at a discount because it’s used and has no OS.
11. B1663R says:
The real hustle is an awesome show! I strongly recommend that program. some of the things they pull off on people is mind boggling!
BTW my laptop is seriously encrypted and owned by the company. backs up automatically to our servers as well as daily syncing. so if i loose it, it’s no biggie.
12. Aside from potential loss of revenue or the complete lack of social responsibility (trashing v/s donating) the environmental impact of throwing away tons of laptops that are still perfectly useable is huge. Not like Enron huge, but considering it’s wholly unnecessary it’s pretty big. I’m surprised airlines don’t do “airline auctions” in the same vein as “police auctions” to fund their failing empires.
13. Rachacha says:
I agree that wiping them and selling them or even better, donating them to a school or charity would seem reasonable, however, what happens when that one lone laptop, lets say from the NSA or Social Security Administration or a financial institution is lost, and the wipe of the system is not 100% effective or someone notes that it was cleaned, when it actually wasn’t. I think that would open up a lot of liability. From a liability aspect, it is safest to throw them into a shredder and be done with it.
14. se7a7n7 says:
I’m sure they don’t actually destroy all those laptops. You know they get taken home and sold. Nice fringe benefit for airport workers.
15. sickofthis says:
The video was interesting, and I agree that opportunistic thieves can snatch a laptop at the security checkpoint. But in the states, you have to have a boarding pass or ticket even to get through the checkpoint, so it wouldn’t make much sense for professional thieves to operate this way. The threat would come from dishonest fellow travelers.
16. Trai_Dep says:
If they didn’t force us to jump like puppets doing STUPID things (shoes, liquids, in particular) then perhaps rushed people would remember their laptops?
17. There's room to move as a fry cook says:
Why would thieves pay for tickets, that must be show at the security check, to steal a $1500 laptap that they can maybe sell for half or less?
18. iMike says:
Shenanigans. That’s 600K lost lappies a year? No way.
19. tedyc03 says:
This might be a good time to think about putting a big, obvious bumper sticker on your laptop.
In the U.S. you have to take the laptop out of the case. A big identifying mark might be particularly useful.
20. girly says:
something tells me somebody made a mistake with the time period that stat covers
21. zentex says:
@snoop-blog: exactly. Instead of the TSA auctioning the computers or throwing them away, they should put them in a ‘pool’ that schools can submit requests for and get for the cost of shipping.
Seems like a no-brainer…oh wait, that’s why! it makes too much sense.
22. girly says:
How many flights go out of LAX per day? If they have around 500 flights per day, then on about 1 out of every 3 flights, every day, has one person missing a laptop. Maybe they should make an announcement at the gates for people to check for their laptops.
23. attheotherbeach says:
@se7a7n7: No, we don’t know that. Can you prove it? Or do you just assume everyone is a thief?
24. legwork says:
@attheotherbeach: A good friend is a long-time jet mechanic. He’s a gregarious guy who makes buddies from many walks at the airport. I attended my share of barbecues with groups of these people and wasn’t exactly comforted. The topic of lost and confiscated goodies, and their wink-wink disposal, came up all the time.
I don’t see him often now – moved out of state to help start an express 2yrs ago – but from my observations shopping is common within the biz.
25. MelL says:
@zentex: The problem then becomes one of building a protocol for how long a laptop is held, how the wiping is done, who does it, where it is stored, standards for who can request the laptops, what they have to actually do to ask for one, who is going to deliver it, who will handle the packaging, what happens in the case of liabilities for government laptops, dealing with private business who may feel like they’re getting screwed by having government give away things as opposed to buying from them, etc.
And I’m sure that’s just the tip of the proverbial iceberg when it comes to figuring out a process that works.
26. BigBadRAM says:
I have to believe that a process must already be in place for the many other things people leave behind. I can’t imagine why airport can’t simply remove the hard drives, shred those, and sell/donate the rest. Many a geek will tell ya that “wiping” a hard drive isn’t anywhere near as easy as most people believe it to be.
27. ptrix says:
All laptops have serial numbers, so why don’t the airports have a policy where, at the end of the week/month/whenever schedule works best for them, the airport staff contacts the manufacturers of all unclaimed laptops to arrange for the systems to be shipped back to the manufacturer’s or registered owner’s address, or for the registered owner to be notified that their laptops have been recovered?
28. ConsumptionJunkie says:
1715 lost laptops a DAY???
I call shenanigans.
29. There's room to move as a fry cook says:
I used to be a baggage handler for Hudson General – a baggage contractor used by many major airlines. Theft was rampant …and that was before the requirement to leave bags unlocked.
I am surprised that the article focuses on “travelers flummoxed by airport security” when theft is more likely ramp-side, in waiting areas, bars, and restrooms.
30. synergy says:
There has to be a better way to handle these laptops left behind than just trashing them. I also have to wonder about people not noticing that an expensive piece of hardware isn’t on their person. But I suppose there’s a lot of people like that. There’s a reason I bought a desktop the last time I bought one and not a laptop like the husband wanted.
31. spenc938 says:
@ptrix: Ticket prices are already high enough. We don’t need any more crap that is just going to waste money. Maybe instead, people should just take responsibility for their own belongings.
32. JadoJodo says:
Solution: Partner with all the OEMs to refurb them and resell. Data is safe(r) and the airports don’t have to worry about OS licensing.
33. NumberFiveIsAlive says:
I was just thinking how a lead shielded hard drive in a laptop would be a good place to hide a terrorist weapon. Guess its not a good idea since they might forget it.
34. animeredith says:
I totally need a laptop. How do I get my hands on one of these suckers?
Any airline employees out there want to help a sister out?
35. nsv says:
@Trai_Dep: I wear knee braces that set off the metal detectors and earn me a free frisking every time. The last time (last week) they told me to take the braces off. That’s difficult and painful, and it takes a long time, and I told them it takes a long time.
“I’ll be here allllLLLLLlllll day,” the frisker happily told me.
“I won’t; I have a plane to catch,” I said. She made me do it anyway. And meanwhile my bags were 20 feet away on the end of the belt, unattended.
36. Bruce Bayliss says:
You need a boarding pass to enter the sterile area and you’re required to remove your laptop from its bag.
If The real hustle were to repay the scam in a realistic scenario/environment, I’d be inclined to believe them.
Not this way.
37. John says:
Destroy them? No, they auction them, just like everything else that ends up in an airport lost and found. How do I know? I used to buy ‘em at auction.
38. nsv says:
@John: I need one. How do you do that? Or do they sell them in large lots?
39. coren says:
@IfThenElvis: I don’t think people were suggesting that…but buy a cheap ass one way ticket, snag a laptop or two – a few hundred bucks profit or more for a weekend? Doesn’t sound that unprofitable to me.
@John: Tell me more about these laptop auctions…
40. MisterE87 says:
If the airports sold the laptops, it would be a conflict of interest. People would be on Consumerist talking about how the airlines have this clandestine operation to steal and subsequently sell your laptop, not to mention the liability the airlines would assume for making sure each and every laptop is secure. Personally, I would rather my laptop be destroyed if I left it in the airport than trust the idiot airlines to safeguard my data, then sell it to a stranger. [shivers]
41. MrsMicah says:
After reading this, I think I’m heading out to BWI.
A company my aunt worked with (she was part of an accounting firm) actually ended their “commute by laptop” program after two HR employees lost laptops with names, address, entire payroll info. Two employees in one month. Made everyone else quite grumpy, but I suppose the company couldn’t afford any further risk.
42. John says:
The one I use to go to was in Las Vegas, an outlet named TNT does all the auction sales for the local airports.
See: []
I see they still do it, there are a number of airports listed in the upcoming auctions. Contents of the lost and found are sold as well as seizures. I would routinely purchase laptops (as well as all kinds of other electronics) with all the data on ‘em. I had to stop, it was killing me… I tried calling people up at first and offering to return the laptops for what I paid for them, but I got tired of being yelled at by people who thought I was a thief and didn’t get that I was now the legal owner of what was formerly their property. After I got sick of that abuse, I would frequently send CD sets of important data back anonymously if they seemed a decent enough sort. The uber-republican data security consultant who had all his passwords conveniently stored in a file on his desktop didn’t get that treatment. Nor did the christian youth leader with a lappy full of spyware and a taste for very young looking girls. I stopped after a while because the ethical dilemmas got to be too much. It was fun while it lasted.
43. medalian1 says:
I know someone who works for an airport in Florida. They lose a couple of laptops a month. It’s treated just like other lost & found stuff. Held for 90 days then sold at a government surplus auction site, with the airport keeping the profits. Most big ticket items, like laptops, are returned to their owners.
44. gliscameria says:
How the hell do you lose your laptop and not report it missing? I lost my phone and had it in my hands at lost and found within a half hour.
45. cjnewbs says:
@Papa Midnight: Maybe no OS CD but most laptops you buy still have the COA sticker on the underside so it still has a valid OS license.
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http://consumerist.com/2008/07/05/travelers-leave-12000-laptops-in-airports-every-week/
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Day after day of gray skies and cold weather, and you just might find yourself coming down with a case of the winter blues. The winter doesn’t only affect the way we feel, but it also can change the way we eat. You may reach for calorie-laden comfort foods to boost your spirits, but in the end the weather is still bad and you feel overstuffed. Of nearly two thirds of U.S. adults, 64 percent agree that they are filled with greater joy soaking up the summer sun, then bundling up in winter coats. According to studies done at Cornell University, the winter blues and its more severe foil, Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), affects about four times as many women as men.
Research has begun to reveal how mindful eaters can choose their fuel to help achieve or maintain a desired mental state. The food you eat can also brighten your winter. Our moods are linked to the production or use of certain brain chemicals, and scientists have identified many of the natural chemicals in foods that change the way we feel. That’s right, you can eat certain foods in order to beat the winter blues. Food influences neurotransmitters by attaching to brain cells and changing the way they behave. This opens pathways to those cells, so that other mood-altering chemicals can come through the gates and attach themselves to brain cells.
The next time bad weather has got you down take a walk to the kitchen! Here are the foods to eat to beat the winter blues:
When you want to feel pleasant and alert: Eating foods that stimulate the release of dopamine may produce enjoyable feelings. Phenylnine is an essential amino acid found in the brain and blood that can convert in the body to tyrosine, which in turn is used to synthesize dopamine, instantly increasing your energy and alertness. Start your morning off with eggs and whole wheat toast, which stimulate dopamine production, and will help keep you feeling energized throughout the day. Breakfast is a must because it provides glucose to your brain, making you mentally efficient and alert.
To ease feeling of depression: Eat more fish! Omega-3 fatty acids (found in fatty fish such as salmon, herring, sardines and tuna) may help ease depressive symptoms. People with higher blood levels of these fatty acids were reported to experience less depressive symptoms, and were generally found to be more pleasant. This effect may be attributed to the fact that omega-3 fats make up about 8 percent of our brain. Higher intakes of these fats are associated with an increased volume of the parts of the brain responsible for mood and behavior.
To get out of a bad mood: A lack of selenium can cause bad moods. Individuals suffering from too little selenium have been shown to be more anxious, irritable, hostile and depressed than people with normal levels of selenium. Brazil nuts, salmon, and shitake mushrooms can instantaneously get you out of this funk.
When you want to feel happy: When we don't get enough exposure to sunlight, our mood and physical health may suffer. More specifically, serotonin levels, a hormone associated with elevating your mood rises when you're exposed to sunlight, leaving you to feel sad during the darker winter months. An amino acid, tryptophan helps raise serotonin levels in your body, causing you to feel upbeat once again. Eating foods that are high in tryptophan such as low-fat cottage cheese, nuts, and chicken will help boost your mood.
Get Moving: Studies show that anywhere from 30 minutes to an hour of exercise every day can have a positive impact on your mood. When we exercise our body releases endorphins that help us to feel happy. Exercise has also been shown to reduce stress, which can help alleviate feelings of depression brought on by the winter blues. Not to mention, frequent exercising can make your jeans fit a little better, and that’s a mood booster in itself!
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http://www.foxnews.com/health/2012/01/26/foods-to-beat-winter-blues/
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| 1,669
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The Hacker Ethic
Even if you consider yourself a well-versed hacker, you'll enjoy reading about your spiritual roots as well as the positive social implications of the hacker ethic.
• Author: Pekka Himanen with Linus Torvalds and Manuel Castells
• Publisher: Random House
• URL:
• Price: $24.95 US
• ISBN: 0-375-50566-0
• Reviewer: Michael Stafford
The Hacker Ethic is a far more significant work than its size lets on. It attempts to do no less than explain to the general reader what it's like to think, work, create and play like a hacker. With so much confusion and bad press around hackers, this is no small challenge. Pekka Himanen situates the hacker worldview historically, contrasts it with the modern, work-centered worldview and speculates on the contribution to humanity the hacker ethic can make. Even if you consider yourself a well-versed hacker, you'll enjoy reading about your spiritual roots as well as the positive social implications of the hacker ethic. I might just give copies to my family and friends so they better understand why I live, work, sleep and believe the way I do.
This book stems out of a collaborative friendship between Pekka Himanen, Linus Torvalds and Manuel Castells (philosopher, hacker and sociologist, respectively). It's only fitting that a book on the collaborative hacker ethic should in fact be jointly written. Torvalds contributes the prologue, presenting in a nutshell what makes hackers tick. Himanen writes the largest, middle section. And finally, Castells' epilogue rounds out the book with a discussion on the information age's social implications. Well researched endnotes and bibliography are included.
To explain why hackers would work together without pay to make something like Linux, Torvalds pens “Linus's Law”. With tongue somewhat in cheek, Linus's Law posits progress and evolution as upward motion along a hierarchy of motivations: from survival, to social life, to entertainment. What makes hackers tick, according to Torvalds, is this last and most sublime motivation. By entertainment, he's not thinking of games so much as “the mental gymnastics involved in trying to explain the universe”, whether you're Einstein, an artist or a hacker. Coding an operating system is, after all, a great deal like explaining the universe because one codifies the parameters and elemental models of everything that can happen. Torvalds means entertainment to encompass the passion and playfulness of activities intrinsically interesting and challenging—stuff we stay up late working on because we love doing it, not because of a deadline.
Wasting no time, Himanen makes the distinction in his first paragraph between hackers and crackers. Readers are to understand that it is only the latter who use computers to commit crimes, bring down e-commerce, produce viruses and generally sow mayhem. By “hacker”, Himanen means those who “program enthusiastically” and who believe, as Eric Raymond describes in The Jargon File (, that “information sharing is a powerful positive good, and that it is an ethical duty of hackers to share their expertise by writing free software and facilitating access to information and to computing resources whenever possible.” Maybe the lines can't be so easily drawn. I'm prone to think that cracking a system's security can sometimes be an ethical, populist act. Himanen does concede that “most computer hackers support only some parts” of the general ethic he's describing. Still, it is fair to assume with Himanen that a general, cohesive hacker ethic and its effects can be clearly discussed. It is to Himanen's credit that he can meaningfully characterize a group largely defined by the primacy it grants to independent thought.
How does Himanen bring readers into the hacker's world? He starts by looking at hackers' relationship to a cultural universal: work. To describe the hacker work ethic, Himanen uses as a counterpoint a landmark treatise on modern work and culture. What Max Weber described in The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism is so much a part of our way of experiencing work now that it seems as if things must have always been so. Calling attention to our modern work ethic feels almost like pointing at the air around us, until you realize that this pervasive work ethic has all but suffocated us. In contrast, the hacker ethic is a deep breath of fresh air. As Himanen refers to Weber, he shows us that before the Reformation, attitudes about work and its cultural importance were quite different and came to change with the spread of the Protestant business model. The hacker work ethic has potentially the same possibility to culturally affect the experience of work. At the very least, the hacker work ethic insists on there being an alternative mode of experiencing work. Himanen makes the case that in this information economy, the hacker's mode of work is also pragmatically superior to the protestant work ethic: “The information economy's most important source of productivity is creativity, and it is not possible to create interesting things in a constant hurry or in a regulated manner from nine to five.” Workers can't freely and creatively pursue the projects of their passions if they are busy jumping through hoops and punching a clock several times a day.
As the hacker ethic extends into the social and political arenas, Himanen isolates expression and privacy as the core hacker ideals in the public sphere, particularly on the Net. They hold importance because they are vital in the resistance to exterior regimentation and over-management. In the public sphere those forces come from government and business. Government regulation and control of expression, however well-intentioned at the outset, will always contribute to the message that individuals are not mature enough to use communication without guidance and supervision. The worker who cannot work without supervision also cannot participate unsupervised in the public sphere. With privacy unguarded, private businesses can and do construct intimate and complete consumer profiles of individuals that are then for sale to the highest bidder. In this way it's possible to scrutinize the lifestyles of workers and job applicants. The message here is either you're not smart enough to be a good consumer on your own without our guidance, or employers not only can regiment your work time, but also have a say in how you spend your time away from work. Himanen recounts stories of renowned hackers fighting for expression and privacy in both small, peaceful ways and very dramatic ways, such as in Kosovo where they played a decisive role in keeping free expression alive.
The Epilogue by Manuel Castells ends the book with a densely theoretical discussion of the societal forms he sees emerging from the new economic infrastructure brought about by recent technology—a novel application of the Marxist idea of infrastructure determining cultural forms. Castells' portion of the book was for me the most demanding and intellectually rewarding. He convincingly shows how companies, industries and even nations are functioning and structuring themselves like dynamic networks, where workers and managers are constantly reprogramming themselves to perform new tasks and new goals. In these networks, the real employers of workers aren't companies so much as projects within a network. As these networks become increasingly efficient and object-oriented, a worker's relevance and permanency are guaranteed only by his or her ability to self-reprogram. For most workers, technology has mainly served to optimize the amount of useful work that can be squeezed out of a day. Whereas Ben Franklin said “Time is money”, now with the compression of time, Himanen writes that “even shorter units of time are money”.
The Hacker Ethic offers not only an able description of the hacker worldview, but also points to various directions in which hackers can work to help counteract some of the inhumane consequences of our network society. These directions include integrating outsiders (back) into society's network through widespread net access and education, initiating circles of hacker creation where useful tools result from a mutual learning process, aerating the experience of time for oneself and others to allow more space for creativity and championing the causes of expression and privacy.
Michael Stafford received his MA in French Literature from Duke University. At UCLA he taught French and developed educational web media. Feeling a career in the academy would be too risky, he became a commodities trader and trading systems designer. He has won various awards as a trader and openly shares many of his analysis tools. He can be contacted at
Comment viewing options
Great review
Anonymous's picture
I read The Hacker Ethic on the plane to Jersey, you're spot on with your review - it's the most ibteresting novel I've read this year.
Warm regards,
Schiel & Denver Book Publishers
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Zotrim Blog
When the body becomes used to a set routine or stimulus it actually looks to maintain it’s current state and can actually increase cortisol levels in the body which can cause weight gain. The following is a couple tips on how to keep on course with continual weight loss.
Add Variety to Your Workouts
Incorporate variation into each workout. Variety is critical because your muscles become very efficient at the exercises they are accustomed to doing. Switching things up or doing something radically different during each workout session is more challenging to your muscles. This concept should be applied to both aerobic exercise and strength training.
An individual who always does the same exercises will usually plateau sooner than someone who continually makes changes. If you don’t feel comfortable doing a different workout each time you hit the gym, try to change your exercise routine at least every 6-8 weeks. Changing your routine is crucial to keeping your body/muscles surprised. They’ll have to work harder, you’ll be challenged, and you’ll burn more calories and build more lean muscle in the process.
Change your cardio activity:
Change the type of exercise you usually do. The possibilities of aerobic exercise are endless. If you walk, try cycling. If you take kickboxing, try the elliptical. Consider adding some of these possibilities to your routine: running, jogging, walking, elliptical machine, swimming, cycling, indoor exercise, outdoor exercise, hiking, fitness videos/DVDS, group fitness classes like kickboxing, aerobics, spinning, stair steppers, etc
Change the duration of your workouts:
Try to increase your minutes as you become fitter, and occasionally, try a shorter (but more intense) workout.
Change the intensity of your workouts:
This is something you can play with on a daily basis. This includes working at an incline or harder level, sprint work, distance work, maintaining intensity, or interval work (shifting between fast/hard and easy/recovery intervals).
Change your Strength Training Routine:
Change the mode of exercise. If you are using machines, move to free weights. If you are using body weight, try resistance bands. If you are doing free weights, add a stability element like a BOSU ball or stability ball. Try doing exercises while balancing on one foot or switch between any and all of these.
Change the exercises you actually do. If you have been doing chest press, change to a chest fly or use the pec deck machine. Think of an alternative exercise for each muscle group and you’ll have an entirely new workout
Change your resistance level and/or number of repetitions. Be sure to increase your weight regularly. Make sure you are lifting to fatigue with each set. If you typically lift 12-15 reps, try doing 8-10 (with a higher weight) or vice versa. Play with your weight and reps in each set.
There are lots of ways to add variety to your workouts—and it’s SO important that you do to continue losing weight and improving your fitness level. By always challenging yourself, you will avoid hitting a plateau in the first place, and overcome the one you’re stuck in now.
The principles of nutrition, rest and variation all work closely together. When not followed properly, they can instigate a negative snowball effect: Repeating the same exercises can cause overtraining, which leads to plateaus and an inability to sleep. Lack of rest hinders you progress, making recovery take much longer, especially if you are not well-nourished and hydrated.
Along with sticking to a sound nutritional plan try adding HydroxyBurn Pro Clinical and Zotrim to your diet to fast track your weight loss.
Leave a Reply
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Tell Congress: Stop Wasting Time on Divisive Symbolic Religious Issues
Tomorrow, yet again, Congress will vote on a resolution aimed at promoting state-sponsored religion.
H. CON. RES. 13, aims to reaffirm ‘‘In God We Trust’’ as the official motto of the United States and supports and encourages the public display of the national motto in all public buildings, public schools, and other government institutions.
“In God We Trust” is already the official motto of the United States, and in raising this as an issue yet again, Republicans in the House are throwing a red herring to inflame culture wars and draw the focus off of fixing the economy.
The resolution, sponsored by Representative Randy Forbes (R-VA), does nothing more than waste precious time and money on symbolic religious issues that divide rather than unite Americans in a time of universal economic struggle.
With time being wasted on issues like this, it is no wonder the Congressional approval rate is at an all-time low. At a time when unemployment is at its highest point in decades, when American homes are being foreclosed at alarming rates, when Americans are crippled under the weight of student loan payments and millions of Americans are living pay check to pay check, members of Congress need to focus on the economy and stop trying to inflame culture wars.
Tell Congress to stop wasting the taxpayers’ time and money on “reaffirming” symbolic religious issues and get to the business that the American people elected them to do—getting Americans back to work and the economy back on track.
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Atlanta has a reputation as one of the most exciting cities in the country, and with good reason. When you're not working, there is an endless number of events, attractions, sports and eating establishments to keep you indulged.
Atlanta started as a railroad junction in the 1830s and quickly became the transport hub of the South. Its strategic importance was a large part of the reason it made such an inviting target for General Sherman's Union Army, which razed it during the Civil War. Ever ready to convert fact into myth, Hollwood made the burning of Atlanta the set piece of Gone with the Wind.
Atlanta eventually became known as 'Capital of the New South.' Anchoring its economic renaissance has been the king of fizz, Coca Cola.
Birthplace of Martin Luther King Jr, Atlanta was the nerve center of the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s. Since then, Atlanta has elected the first black representative to Congress since Reconstruction, Andrew Young (later ambassador to the UN under Jimmy Carter); and the country's first black mayor, Maynard Jackson.
The city has become internationally known as the host of the 1996 Olympics and as the home of global broadcasting giant CNN.
From Atlanta Chamber of Commerce and Lonely
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Popular Science - sashimi http://www.popsci.com/taxonomy/term/53668/all en Japanese Astronaut to Serve First Sushi in Space http://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2009-12/japanese-astronaut-brings-sushi-space <div class="center-image"><img src="http://www.popsci.com/files/imagecache/article_image_large/articles/noguchi-crop.jpg" alt="" title="" class="imagecache imagecache-article_image_large" /><div><strong>Soichi Noguchi</strong> <em><p>courtesy Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency</p> </em></div></div><div> <!--paging_filter--><p>Japanese astronaut Soichi Noguchi has successfully lifted off from Baikonur Space Center on the steppes of Kazakhstan, bringing with him the first sushi in space. </p> <p>"We had a training in Japan and I was stupid enough to train [my fellow astronauts] to be sushi lovers," he told <a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/science/Astronauts-gear-up-for-space-sushi/articleshow/5359932.cms">Reuters</a>.<br /> <!--break--><br /> Noguchi is bringing the raw materials to the International Space Station, where he plans to prepare and serve "a couple of flavors of sushi." What varieties, how it will be prepared, and how the raw fish is stored for its sojourn in space has not been made public. Personally, I'm going to keep an eye on NASA mission member Timothy Creamer's <a href="http://twitter.com/Astro_TJ" target="_blank">Twitter stream</a> for menu updates and reviews.</p> <p>Never let your crewmates know you can cook. </p> </div> Technology Paul Adams fish food international space station ISS jaxa sashimi seafood Space sushi Mon, 21 Dec 2009 16:17:53 +0000 Paul Adams 42235 at http://www.popsci.com
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| 244
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Episode #39- Of a Graphic Nature
Graphics- can't live with 'em, can't live.... wait a minute- that doesn't work. Ummmm.... aw, heck- let's just cut to the chase, shall we? Graphics have come a long way since the infancy of video games. From two white bars bouncing a white dot across a black screen, to crudely-assembled monochromatic icons, to full cinematic sequences that are virtually indistinguishable from live action, graphics have developed in leaps and bounds over the last 30-odd years. The current generation of hardware is capable of producing some mind-blowing spectacles.This week on the show, we'll be talking about graphics in general- games with great graphics, games with disappointing graphics, games that pushed the boundaries of what a particular gaming system is capable of. Obviously we've got our own thoughts on this, but tell us- what are some of your favourite examples of graphics- good, bad, or ugly?Thanks for watching on Vimeo and iTunes (and if you're watching on iTunes, don't forget to rate the show). As always, send feedback to fans (at) gamesdaypodcast (dot) com.
More episodes of GamesDay
Featured episodes in Videogames
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| 353
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Soul Fighter
Genre Action -> Fighting
Today's Rank 0
Date N/A
Publisher N/A
Date N/A
Publisher Ubisoft
North America Retail Box ArtRed Orb's Dreamcast debut is a quirky mix of simplistic hand-to-hand combat, maze crawling, and power-up eating. And you'll need the strength of a stomach full of soul food to mow down the plethora of townsfolk turned beasties in Soul Fighter. Whack a bad guy, and his soul is put into your magic bottle for safekeeping until you've freed enough souls to pop open the door to the next level. While on the surface, the game may seem to borrow heavily from the fantasy-action romp Gauntlet Legends, it actually has a lot more in common with old Sega Genesis games such as Streets of Rage. Only instead of a side-scrolling brawler, this game presents the world in stunning 3-D, with a rather fussy camera-angle system that can be detrimental to both gameplay and your full stomach. Still, since the controls are so simplified--with only three main buttons for kick, punch, and jump--it's hard to fault the game for using awkward camera movement to make things more challenging. A rather odd epicurean collection of power-ups uses pig's heads, roasted chickens, and wood-planked fish to boost your strength. Projectile weapons such as crossbows and throwing axes can be uncovered by brashly shattering treasure chests that are strewn about, or by giving some beastly bag of bones a few soul-freeing punts. Three characters to choose from make the game slightly more deep, but the lack of two- or three-player simultaneous beast-busting is a serious drawback. The level designs are very simple and uninspired, with an odd amount of backtracking required to finish each one. Soul Fighter is by no means original, but it does deliver a limbic system thrill, like a plotless, yet alluringly action-heavy, Jean-Claude Van Damme film. --Jeff Young Pros: Two buttons can unleash a varied and impressive amount of fighting Great frame rates and animation Easy to pick up, arcade-style gameplay Cons: Motion sickness-inducing camera movement Replayability reduced by lack of multiplayer mode Tediously drawn-out intro movie
Sponsored Links
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http://www.gamershell.com/dreamcast/soul_fighter/screenshots.html
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Along with my industrial major I took the opportunity to create some digital media also. I had a lot of fun with digital media because there are less restrictions on what can be created. Dreams and whims can become reality far more directly than they can in industrial design.
LZ-LxD80Coolpix'l DPCLR
every time you open the shutter
10 million pixel collectors…
harvest 30 million colours
in .001 seconds
so, what does you camera do for you?
Not very many people are going to be convinced that the LZ-LxD80Coolpix'l DPCLR actually has pixel collectors, however often fiction is more interesting than the truth. I was inspired by Dutch kinetic sculptor, Theo Jansen. On a ted talk he referred to his kinetic sculptures as creatures that 'lived' on the beaches. His sculptures had very creature-like attributes and his decision to refer to them as creatures blurs the line between fiction and reality.
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What are pests?
Think of them as animals out of place. Out in nature, they're just doing their jobs. But when they move into our homes and yards, then we call them pests. So come explore the world of pests. Then use your new knowledge to outwit the pests in your world.
click to research pestsClick to play pest gamesClick to write reportsClick to download science fair kits.Click to access lesson plans
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http://www.pestworldforkids.com/index.html
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Maarit Liukkonen
Maarit's work is influenced by the traumas, fears and other emotional
and physical experiences that are kept in our memory and by how people react when confronted with them. Subconsciously, she explores and tests the limits and boundaries of the darker side of life and tries to give it a new meaning through jewellery.
Her design process is supported by mixed media drawings and paintings that she transforms into symmetrical 3D shapes. The pieces are mostly produced from metal, a material that allows her to explore different approaches with every piece she makes.
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| 618
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Journalism, Communication and Theatre
Dance BA Goals and Objectives
Learning Goals & Objectives Dance B.A.
Goal 1: Think critically about dance from historical, global, and diverse perspectives
Associated Learning Objectives:
Understand major historical movements and figures in dance
Compare and contrast different styles of dance and understand their historical and cultural contexts
Demonstrate the ability to conduct research to support scholarly writing about dance
Reflect on and write about dance performances
Goal 2: Demonstrate skill in physical technique
Associated Learning Objectives:
Demonstrate the ability to pick up and execute advanced modern, ballet and world dance phrase work
Demonstrate an understanding of the aesthetic foundations of modern dance, ballet and world dance
Expand range of motion and develop qualitative, rhythmic and spatial skills
Increase awareness of personal movement tendencies
Understand basic alignment principles and be able to apply them within different dance techniques
Demonstrate an ability to make individual artistic choices while staying true to given material
Goal 3: Create and perform choreography
Associated Learning Objectives:
Demonstrate an understanding of the elements of dance; including, space, time, quality, weight and shape and discover new ways of working with them
Demonstrate an understanding of the role of improvisation in the choreographic process
Investigate the many relationships between music and dance
Analyze and practice different choreographic methods
Develop the ability to be aware and present on stage
Demonstrate an understanding of how writing can support creativity
Goal 4: Develop the capacity to present choreographic work in a public context
Associated Learning Objectives:
Demonstrate the ability to create original work and implement its presentation
Demonstrate theoretical and practical knowledge of administrative and production aspects of dance
Conduct research to support dance production
Demonstrate the ability to solve practical problems
Goal 5: Prepare to enter the dance field with an understanding of its particular working methods
Associated Learning Objectives:
Demonstrate an understanding of dance as a collaborative process
Demonstrate the ability to discuss and critique the work of peers
Demonstrate the ability to communicate using discipline-specific terminology
Demonstrate the ability to apply dance knowledge and skills to other forms
Demonstrate an understanding of the conventions of professional writing within the field of dance
Be familiar with local and national dance resources
Dance Mission Statement
Dance is a vital part of the liberal arts tradition. The study of the body is integral to the understanding of the self and provides a focal point for understanding historical, philosophical and artistic trends. The Dance B.A., Dance/Theatre B.F.A. and Dance minor provide students with a variety of ways to participate in the dance community at Lehman. The program aims to create an environment where students can develop their own unique strengths while being challenged creatively, analytically and physically. The skills developed in the Dance program foster the kind of intellectual dexterity that allow for a wide range of career options upon graduation and specifically prepare students for careers as choreographers, performers and teachers. The curriculum includes a wide range of physical techniques including ballet, modern, Afro-Caribbean, tango, tap and jazz; compositional work including both improvisation and choreography; historical study; somatic work, study of theatre and regular participation in Lehman Dance productions. Lehman’s population is culturally diverse and the Dance program aims to reflect that diversity. The location of Lehman College in the Bronx allows easy access to world-class choreographers, performers and institutions in Manhattan and other boroughs giving students professional experiences and allowing them to form connections to the New York dance community. Students are encouraged to develop their own choreographic work as well as their writing and research skills so that they are prepared for the demands of a professional life in dance.
Last modified: Oct 25, 2011
Text Only Version of Site | Make This Website Talk
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Contents | Editorials | Focus | Feature | Making it Personal | Heroes
Notes from the Field | Profiles | Research and Development | JMA | MAIC | Staff
Mines and ERW
Updated Monday July 16 2007
Due to the history and nature of conflicts in the Ethiopia/Eritrea area, cleanup presents specific considerations and hazards. The lessons learned by the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea Mine Action Coordination Centre in mine/explosive remnants of war cleanup are presented, as well as recommendations on clearance operations for situations with mixed mine/ERW like that in Ethiopia and Eritrea.
Mines and explosive remnants of war continue to affect many parts of the world. One such area is the Horn of Africa, where wars have continued for the better part of the 20th century. U.N. Security Council Resolution 1320 formally established the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea in November 2000. At the same time, the U.N. Security Council formally established a Mine Action Coordination Centre within the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea. The resolution requires the MACC to coordinate and provide technical assistance for humanitarian mine action activities in the TSZ1 [temporary security zone] and area adjacent to it.
History of the Mine and ERW Problem
The mine and ERW problems of Eritrea and Ethiopia stem from three historical periods. Eritrea was colonised by the Italians in the 19th century. During the Second World War, Italian and British forces fought a number of battles across Eritrea, culminating in a major siege on the town of Keren in 1941, which lasted nearly three months. These battles were fought in a conventional manner, consisting of aerial bombardments, artillery, small-arms fire and mine emplacement. Certain areas around Keren are considered hazardous today due to suspected contamination by mines and unexploded ordnance, particularly in the hills surrounding the township. Keren was the scene of a major battle again during the independence war years between 1961 and 1991.
(click on thumbnail to see larger image in new window)
After the Second World War, Eritrea was governed by Great Britain until the early 1950s, when it was handed over to Ethiopia to be part of the federation system; annexed by Ethiopia, Eritrea became its northernmost province. There was a resurgence of Eritrean nationalism in the early 1960s when the Eritrean population began an insurgent campaign for independence against Ethiopian forces. This rebellion gradually developed into a more conventional war as the Eritreans gained support for their cause, won key battles and held ground. This struggle for independence lasted 30 years and affected the entire country. The Eritrean struggle for independence is possibly one of the most successful examples of a liberation war. Eritreans are justifiably proud of the establishment of their country, as it was won at great cost to the population and without “outside” help or support from other nations.
After the state of Eritrea was established in 1993, following a U.N.-monitored referendum in which the population voted overwhelmingly for independence, the relationship between Eritrea and Ethiopia was cordial. This relationship continued until several issues soured it, including the introduction of a new currency, the nakfa, which replaced the Ethiopian birr. The situation eventually deteriorated into a war lasting from 1998 to 2000 over non-demarcated borders. Then in 2000, Algiers brokered a peace accord.
This border war was an intense conflict, with both sides employing conventional war strategies that developed into a carefully planned and executed military operation reminiscent of World War I. The war was fought at terrible cost with an estimated 70,000 people killed and thousands more displaced. As a result of this conflict, the entire border area between the two countries from the Sudan in the west to the Djiboutian border in the east remains contaminated with mines and ERW today.
Interrelationship between Mines and ERW
As a result of these conflicts, most of Eritrea and the northern areas of Ethiopia remain contaminated with mines and conventional ERW. In a recent incident, a truck driver collecting stones for a building site was killed when his vehicle drove over a landmine on a vacant site just off a main road near the capital, Asmara. This mine was a remnant of the independence war years, quite possibly overlooked when the area was vacated.
In examining the history of the conflicts that have engulfed the region, mines and ERW are interwoven menaces rather than separate entities. It is not safe to just walk out to unexploded ordnance or an abandoned tank and attempt to remove or destroy items without first establishing the history of the area and what military actions occurred there. This problem presents challenges to demining and explosive ordnance disposal teams operating within the UNMEE area. Deminers conducting clearance operations sometimes encounter UXO and other ERW, including abandoned military vehicles with live ammunition still on board. For example, during battle-area clearance, a number of vehicles with live ammunition scattered around them were found. The vehicles had been set on fire by retreating forces and the contents exploded, scattering the ammunition around the burning vehicles. In such cases, a path has to be cleared up to and around the vehicles to enable teams to work safely.
Demining operations within a post-conflict situation involving all aspects of conventional war scenarios will generally encounter a mixed threat of both mines and ERW in areas where battles have taken place and ground was contested. As battle conditions develop, the area will become littered with ERW of every imaginable description, in particular when the attacking force seeks to dislodge the defenders. It is inevitable that a percentage of the munitions directed at either side would fail to function, either through accident or by design. Disabled or destroyed tanks and other vehicles with supplies of ammunition present further challenges.
Problems Confronting the Clearance Operation
A scenario of this type presents additional problems to the clearing agency. What is perceived as the greater danger—the mined ground or the littered ERW? In many cases, local shepherds herding their animals have encountered UXO lying on the ground and resorted to throwing stones at it, through either idle curiosity or sheer boredom. Stones landing on nearby mines have caused the items to explode.
Locals scavenging among ERW for items that can be recovered for sale, such as copper and brass, enter mined areas in their quest for such items out of economic necessity.2 In many cases these people are killed or injured. Emergency rescue measures, usually undertaken by demining organisations working in the area, need to be conducted immediately to recover the victim, or other locals will attempt an impromptu rescue operation, often with equally tragic results. Being involved in the recovery operation can be a traumatic experience for many personnel.3
In some cases, clearance operations can be disrupted when demining teams lack suitably cross-trained, qualified personnel to remove or disarm UXO and ERW in conjunction with any mines encountered within the clearance area.
ERW Item Recorded in Incident* and Quantity Found Following Incidents
F1 hand grenade Yes—2
Chinese wooden HG (Type Unknown4) Yes—1
M 75 Yugoslav HG frag Yes—1
F1 HG fuse Yes—3
Russian HG RGK3 Yes—1
RPG rocket Yes—2
A fuse from an RPG rocket Yes—1
Anti-aircraft bullet Yes—1
POMZ Yes—1
PMN Yes—2
TM-46 Yes—5
TM-57 Yes—1
Belgian plastic PRBM3 Yes—13
Czechoslovakian PT-MI-BA III Yes—1
Unidentified HG Yes—3
Unidentified UXO Yes—4
Unidentified AT mine Yes—24
Unidentified explosive Yes—1
ALL 67
Table 1: ERW Encountered in the UNMEE.
*Source: UNMEE MACC Preliminary Investigation Reports 2001–2005
ERW Encountered within UNMEE
Most conventional ERW items encountered within the UNMEE’s operations consist of small-arms ammunition, mortars, artillery shells to 155 mm and Boevaya Mashina/rocket-propelled grenade-type rockets. These items have caused a number of casualties among the local population living within the TSZ and adjacent areas. Often the casualties are children, who are curious by nature and play with the items they encounter. These items, although usually small, can inflict quite horrific injuries to the child. A number of submunitions and aerial bombs have also been encountered during field operations. Submunitions have streamers and are an attractive shape and colour that readily attract a child’s curiosity.
Table 1 gives an overview of the main items encountered within the UNMEE.
Clearance Operations Recommendations
As a result of identifying and mitigating the ERW problems in Eritrea, UNMEE MACC has several recommendations for developing a good clearance operation. A thorough investigation is critical. A great deal of the information can be gleaned from discussions with various parties, including local inhabitants, militia, police and military personnel. Past operational reports from the area will also be of assistance. If the region was the subject of an Impact Survey and/or Technical Survey, it is also extremely important to consult the data presented in these reports.
The clearance operation should examine the following:
The experience of the UNMEE MACC is that mines and conventional ERW are an interwoven part of many clearance operations. However, it is essential to factor a worst-case scenario into any plan. The types of ERW encountered will determine the level of expertise required to complete the task and deal with any finds in the course of it. It is important that any clearance operation have adequately trained personnel to deal with ERW likely to be encountered during the course of any task.
Staff members of the UNMEE MACC provided valuable assistance in the preparation of this article.
Bob Kudyba is currently serving as the Operations Officer for the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea’s Mine Action Coordination Centre, based in Asmara, Eritrea. Prior to joining the United Nations, he served for 21 years in the Australian Army, working in many fields, including EOD and training. He has worked in various capacities in many areas, including Pakistan, the Solomon Islands and northern Iraq, and is now engaged in landmine and unexploded ordnance disposal efforts.
1. The Temporary Security Zone is a border between Ethiopia and Eritrea. It marks the formal separation between the two parties and is approximately a 16-mile-wide buffer zone. The UNMEE monitors the TSZ and limits weaponry carried by officials inside the zone.
2. All the tanks and other military vehicles abandoned in former battle areas in the UNMEE have been subsequently stripped of anything of value that can be transported away.
3. The author was an investigating officer into an incident near Senafe town in the TSZ involving eight boys who entered a mined area. A number were killed or injured in a resulting mine incident. Interviewing personnel involved in the rescue operation in this incident revealed some of them were extremely emotionally affected by what they had experienced. Due to the time taken to raise the alarm and the subsequent loss of daylight, one boy’s body had to be left until the following morning because it rolled farther down into the minefield. A number of personnel agonized over whether he was dead at that time or if he died because the rescue had to be temporarily abandoned and thus they could not reach him in time.
4. There are numerous versions of the Chinese Stick Hand Grenade.
5. Recent wars have revealed the problems of post-conflict clearance involving such items as depleted-uranium projectiles. Speculation and interest in the potential hazards have resulted in many published articles on the subject, which requires personnel with special training and equipment to complete a clearance task. See Technical Note for Mine Action: 09.30/2: “Clearance of Depleted Uranium Hazards.”
6. Specialist training is sometimes required to conduct such tasks. The guidance of such publications as TNMA 09.30/01, relating to clearance of armoured vehicles, should also be adhered to where applicable.
7. The UNMEE MACC EOD team has been involved in several intricate operations involving sandbagged walls, rendering safe of fusing systems and partial evacuation of village inhabitants to enable items to be safely removed for destruction at a central demolition point.
References and Further Reading
1. United Nations Mine Action Service (2005), Landmine and Explosive Remnants of War Safety Handbook. 2nd Edition. Can be viewed at:
. Accessed May 9, 2006.
2. TNMA 0.930/01. “EOD Clearance of Armoured Fighting Vehicles,” Version 1.0. International Mine Action Standards, 2001. Can be viewed at: Accessed May 9, 2006.
3. TNMA 09.30/02. “Clearance of Depleted Uranium (DU) Hazards.” Version 1.0. Mine Action Standards, 2001. Can be viewed at: Accessed May 9, 2006.
4. United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (Web site). United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea. Accessed March 14, 2006.
5. Preliminary Investigation Reports (Various) 2001–2005. UNMEE MACC. Asmara, Eritrea.
Contact Information
Bob Kudyba
Operations Officer
United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea Mine Action Coordination Centre
P.O. Box 920
Asmara / Eritrea
Tel: +291 1 150 444
Fax: +291 1 150 666
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• May 18, 2013
Robots at War: Scholars Debate the Ethical Issues
'Moral' Robots: the Future of War or Dystopian Fiction? 1
Alan Radecki, Northrop Grumman
The X-47B, an unmanned military aircraft
The dawn of the 21st century has been called the decade of the drone. Unmanned aerial vehicles, remotely operated by pilots in the United States, rain Hellfire missiles on suspected insurgents in South Asia and the Middle East.
Now a small group of scholars is grappling with what some believe could be the next generation of weaponry: lethal autonomous robots. At the center of the debate is Ronald C. Arkin, a Georgia Tech professor who has hypothesized lethal weapons systems that are ethically superior to human soldiers on the battlefield. A professor of robotics and ethics, he has devised algorithms for an "ethical governor" that he says could one day guide an aerial drone or ground robot to either shoot or hold its fire in accordance with internationally agreed-upon rules of war.
But some scholars have dismissed Mr. Arkin's ethical governor as "vaporware," arguing that current technology is nowhere near the level of complexity that would be needed for a military robotic system to make life-and-death ethical judgments. Clouding the debate is that any mention of lethal robots floods the minds of ordinary observers with Terminator-like imagery, creating expectations that are unreasonable and counterproductive.
If there is any point of agreement between Mr. Arkin and his critics, it is this: Lethal autonomous systems are already inching their way into the battle space, and the time to discuss them is now. The difference is that while Mr. Arkin wants such conversations to result in a plan for research and governance of these weapons, his most ardent opponents want them banned outright, before they contribute to what one calls "the juggernaut of developing more and more advanced weaponry."
Mr. Arkin, who has more than a quarter-century of experience performing robotics research for the military, says his driving concern is the safety of noncombatants.
"I am not a proponent of lethal autonomous systems," he says in the weary tone of a man who has heard the accusation before. "I am a proponent of when they arrive into the battle space, which I feel they inevitably will, that they arrive in a controlled and guided manner. Someone has to take responsibility for making sure that these systems ... work properly. I am not like my critics, who throw up their arms and cry, 'Frankenstein! Frankenstein!'"
Nothing would make him happier than for weapons development to be rendered obsolete, says Mr. Arkin. "Unfortunately, I can't see how we can stop this innate tendency of humanity to keep killing each other on the battlefield."
Thrill of Discovery
The early days of robotics research were frustrating for scientists and engineers because of the machines' sensory and computational limitations. Things started to get interesting, Mr. Arkin recalls, as researchers made gains in areas like autonomous pathfinding algorithms, sensing technology, and sensor processing.
"I was very enthralled with the thrill of discovery and the drive for research and not as much paying attention to the consequences of, 'If we answer these questions, what's going to happen?'" he says. What was going to happen soon became apparent: Robotics started moving out of the labs and into the military-industrial complex, and Mr. Arkin began to worry that the systems could eventually be retooled as weaponized "killing machines fully capable of taking human life, perhaps indiscriminately."
His "tipping point" came in 2005 at a Department of Defense workshop, where he was shown a grainy, black-and-white video recorded by a gun camera on a U.S. Apache attack helicopter hovering above a roadside in Iraq.
In the cross hairs, three probable insurgents appeared as thermal images moving between a pair of trucks and a field, where one of them tossed an apparent weapon. "Smoke him," a commander's voice ordered. Seconds later, automatic fire from a helicopter chain gun cut apart first one man, then another. The third took shelter under the larger of the trucks. Mr. Arkin recorded the rest of the dialogue in his book Governing Lethal Behavior in Autonomous Robots (CRC Press, 2009):
Voice 1: Want me to take the other truck out?
Voice 2: Roger ... Wait for move by the truck.
Voice 1: Movement right there ... Roger, he's wounded.
Voice 2: [No hesitation] Hit him.
Voice 1: Targeting the truck.
Voice 2: Hit the truck and him. Go forward of it and hit him.
[Pilot retargets for wounded man.]
Voice 1: Roger.
[Audible weapon discharge—wounded man has been killed.]
"As I see it," Mr. Arkin wrote, "the human officer ordered the execution of a wounded man," possibly violating the military rule that forbids the killing of someone who is hors de combat or "outside the fight."
The "gruesome" video set him to wondering about a potential humanitarian side to his work: Could a drone, operating independently of human control but programmed to follow the Geneva Conventions and other international laws of war, "have refused to shoot upon an already wounded and effectively neutralized target?" It was a tantalizing but controversial idea.
Robots Join the War
The history of military robotics began with the Serbian-American inventor Nikola Tesla, whose pioneering work in electrical engineering led to the alternating-current (AC) systems that still power homes today. In the book Wired for War: The Robotics Revolution and Conflict in the 21st Century (Penguin Press, 2009), Peter W. Singer describes how a U.S. government official laughed at Tesla in 1898 when he tried to sell the idea of radio-controlled torpedoes for the military.
Germany would be the first to find a military use for Tesla's wireless-radio technology, ramming a British vessel with an explosive-laden motorboat during World War I, writes Mr. Singer, director of the Brookings Institution's 21st Century Defense Initiative. In World War II, Nazi forces dropped the first remotely piloted drone and steered it to its target using radio controls.
During the Vietnam War, the U.S. military's Firefly drone flew 3,435 reconnaissance missions over Southeast Asia, and in 1991 laser-guided bombs and missiles known as smart bombs became the stars of the Persian Gulf War. A retired Air Force officer told Mr. Singer that "the magic moment" for drone warfare came in 1995, when unmanned systems were integrated with Global Positioning System military satellites.
Five years later, Sen. John Warner, the Virginia Republican who led the Senate Armed Services Committee, muscled a requirement into the National Defense Authorization Act of 2001 specifying that one-third of all attack aircraft should be unmanned by 2010 and one-third of all ground combat vehicles driverless by 2015.
"His insistence on pushing unmanned systems to the next level had nothing to do with what was possible with robotics at the time," Mr. Singer wrote of Senator Warner. Rather, the lawmaker was concerned that the public's growing distaste for American war casualties would neuter U.S. foreign policy, and that the military needed a technological draw to entice young people to enlist.
The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, spurred still more expansion in military spending, especially for robotics, and the Pentagon's drone fleet has swelled from 50 to more than 7,000. The changes came so swiftly that George R. Lucas Jr., a professor of ethics and public policy at the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, says he and others had to embark on a crash course in unmanned technology. "A lot of us really found ourselves caught off guard and really behind the eight ball about this stuff," says Mr. Lucas, who holds a joint appointment at the U.S. Naval Academy.
Today the United States has two counterterrorism drone programs, according to the American Security Project, a bipartisan public-policy organization that focuses on national-security issues. The Pentagon and the Joint Special Operations Command openly operate one program in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Libya, and the Central Intelligence Agency operates another covertly in Pakistan, Somalia, and Yemen.
Based on figures from 16 news outlets in the Middle East, South Asia, and the United States, the New America Foundation estimates that remotely piloted U.S. drones in Pakistan have killed 1,873 to 3,171 people since 2004. Up to 14 percent of the dead have been classified as either civilian or unknown, though the number of noncombatant casualties has reportedly plummeted to nearly zero this year.
Americans approve of the drone campaign 62 percent to 28 percent, according to the Pew Research Center's Global Attitudes Project. (The rest of the world is less enthusiastic; approval ratings among the other 20 nations in the survey ranged from a high of 44 percent in Britain to just 5 percent in Greece.)
A New York Times article in May about the Obama administration's embrace of drone warfare quoted Dennis C. Blair, the president's former director of national intelligence, as saying that the remotely piloted campaign was "the politically advantageous thing to do—low cost, no U.S. casualties, gives the appearance of toughness. ... Any damage it does to the national interest only shows up over the long term."
'Artificial Conscience'
A year after seeing the Apache helicopter video in 2005, Mr. Arkin, the Georgia Tech roboticist, won a three-year grant from the U.S. Army Research Office for a project with a stated goal of producing "an artificial conscience" to guide robots in the battlefield independent of human control. The project resulted in a decision-making architecture that Mr. Arkin says could potentially lead to ethically superior robotic warriors within as few as 10 to 20 years, assuming the program is given full financial support.
"I'm not talking about replacing war fighters one for one," he says. "I'm talking about designing very narrow, very specific machines for certain tasks that will work alongside human war fighters to carry out particular types of operations that humans don't do particularly well at, such as building-clearing operations."
Rather than risking one's own life to protect noncombatants who may or may not be behind a door, Mr. Arkin says, a soldier "might have a propensity to roll a grenade through there first ... and there may be women and children in that room." A robot could enter the room and gauge the level of threat from up close, eliminating the risk to a soldier.
Autonomous weapons bring other advantages, Mr. Arkin notes. The militants who have engaged U.S. forces in Iraq and Afghanistan lack the technological savvy of other potential enemies. "Imagine we are fighting a sophisticated enemy in complete war once again," he suggests. An American pilot at a military base in Nevada is guiding a drone several thousand miles away when the enemy knocks out the communication link. "What do the drones do?" Mr. Arkin asks. "Do they circle? Do they go back? Or is authority going to be given to them to become autonomous?"
The scenario is not far-fetched. Researchers from the Radionavigation Laboratory of the University of Texas at Austin grabbed headlines in June when they managed to hijack an unmanned aerial vehicle in a "spoofing" test arranged by the Department of Homeland Security.
A paper published last year in The Columbia Science and Technology Law Review explored the ethical, policy, legal, and operational issues that surround lethal autonomous weapons. The authors were Mr. Arkin and 10 other scholars from the Consortium for Emerging Technologies, Military Operations, and National Security, or Cetmons—a collection of university ethics centers whose members meet regularly to discuss the complex issues raised by new military technologies. The paper calls the development of such weapons "inevitable and relatively imminent."
Most scholars agree that the line separating existing autonomous weapons from their human-controlled forebears is a blurry one. Mr. Singer notes that the Aegis computer system, which America has used since the 1980s to defend naval vessels against air and missile attacks, has a range of settings that go from semiautomatic to "casualty." In the final setting, the system simply does what is necessary to defend the ship.
"A lot of air-defense systems operate under this principle, where you have an incoming threat, and it's coming in so fast that the system can automatically destroy it," he says. A human can shut off the system even as it's about to fire, but as Mr. Singer puts it, "You've got what I call mid-curse-word reaction time: 'Oh, cr—.' That's about it."
Even when the system is in semiautomatic mode, the humans who are monitoring it sometimes trust the computer more than their own instincts, Mr. Singer notes. In 1988, during the Iran-Iraq war, that resulted in the shooting down of Iran Air Flight 655, a civilian aircraft with 290 people aboard. Although the jet was broadcasting a civilian signal, the Aegis computer system displayed an icon for an Iranian F-14 fighter.
"Not one of the 18 sailors and officers on the command crew was willing to challenge the computer's wisdom," Mr. Singer wrote in Wired for War. "They authorized it to fire."
Other systems can be made fully autonomous, such as the mounted guns that South Korea uses to protect its border with North Korea.
According to Mr. Arkin, whether or not a system is autonomous depends on how you define it, which may depend on what discipline you're in.
"When you speak to a philosopher, autonomy deals with moral agency and the ability to assume responsibility for decisions," he says. "Most roboticists have a much simpler definition in that context. In the case of lethal autonomy, it's the ability to pick out a target and engage that target without additional human intervention."
The 'Illusion' of Inevitability
The Cetmons paper says that now is the time to discuss an agenda for studying and regulating lethal autonomous systems, before the commercial momentum behind the technology becomes "too strong and entrenched."
That is a worry shared by many, including Wendell Wallach, a scholar at Yale University's Interdisciplinary Center for Bioethics. Mr. Arkin's optimistic view of the potential capabilities of robotics, Mr. Wallach says, misleads unsophisticated observers—potentially including some policy makers—who are not aware of how vast a gulf separates existing technology and Arnold Schwarzenegger's Terminator.
"The danger of Ron's language is that it creates the illusion that moral robotic weaponry is inevitable and right around the corner, and therefore we shouldn't be so concerned about the development of autonomous lethal weapons," says Mr. Wallach, co-author of Moral Machines: Teaching Robots Right From Wrong (Oxford University Press, 2009).
Noel Sharkey, a professor of artificial intelligence and robotics at the University of Sheffield, in England, says that while the Geneva Conventions require that new weapons systems be tested during their development to ensure that they won't inadvertently harm civilians, there is no such requirement for systems that are used for other purposes, like surveillance. That was the role of Predator drones until the terrorist attacks of 2001, after which the CIA and the Air Force equipped them with Hellfire missiles.
Since most unmanned systems can quickly be weaponized, Mr. Sharkey fears that is precisely what would happen if America suddenly found itself in a new war. "It's called military necessity," he says. "We've got this facility, and we're engaged in a war. We'll stick the weapons on."
Mr. Sharkey argues that lethal autonomous systems will never attain the proficiency of humans in following such "just war theory" cornerstones as distinction and proportionality. The principle of distinction establishes that active combatants are the only legitimate targets of attack. Civilians, including children and the elderly, are to be excluded, as are combatants who are wounded or have surrendered. When it is impossible to fully protect noncombatants, the principle of proportionality requires that any loss of life be proportional to the direct military advantage that one expects to gain.
Mr. Sharkey rejects both the level of complexity and the timeline that Mr. Arkin has proposed.
"From my knowledge of artificial intelligence, I know there is no possibility you could discriminate between a civilian and a combatant with a robot sensing system," Mr. Sharkey says. "I couldn't see it happening even within the next hundred years, really."
In Wired for War, Mr. Singer lists several examples of combat situations that would stymie even the most experienced soldier, such as when a Somalian sniper covered himself with children to prevent being shot. How would a lethal autonomous robot respond in such a scenario?
Mr. Arkin responds that his critics are the ones who are exaggerating what he has hypothesized could be possible.
"It is a restraint mechanism," he says. "There is no high-level reasoning. There is no moral agency."
In the case of the Somalian sniper the ethical robot would simply follow the laws of war and hold its fire, he says. The robot could also approach the sniper without fearing for its safety, as a human soldier would.
Nonetheless he acknowledges that lethal robots would not be perfect.
"They will make mistakes," Mr. Arkin says. "But if they make fewer mistakes than human soldiers do, that translates into a saving of noncombatant lives."
Mr. Lucas, the Naval Postgraduate School ethicist and Cetmons member, refers to Mr. Arkin as "the responsible extreme" because he is not pursuing the "relentless drive toward machine autonomy" that seems to compel some scientists. Where Mr. Lucas parts ways with his friend is over his "anthropomorphic" terminology.
In a chapter of a book forthcoming from Oxford University Press, Killing by Remote Control, Mr. Lucas writes that Mr. Arkin and his colleagues "complicate the issues unnecessarily by invoking spurious concepts like machine 'morality' and proposing 'ethical governors.'"
Lowering the Bar for War
In Mr. Singer's view, the lure of lethal autonomous drones is the promise that we can conduct war without sending people into harm's way and suffering the human and political consequences.
"But war has a wonderful way of paying you back," he says. "You think you may be getting away with something, avoiding political consequences, but often it comes back to haunt you in some way, shape, or another."
Mr. Sharkey is a founder of the International Committee for Robot Arms Control, a collection of scholars who support an international ban on autonomous lethal targeting. Mr. Wallach agrees with the goal, saying that the weapons are "not yet embedded" in the American defense arsenal, as unmanned aerial vehicles are. But he fears that arms-control negotiations would drag on, and that compliance would be difficult to verify.
Thus Mr. Wallach has advocated establishing as a first step an international humanitarian principle stating that machines should not be making "decisions" to kill humans. In June he began circulating a proposal that calls for an executive order against the development of "autonomous lethal-force-initiating systems." He says that getting the president to declare that the United States will not create such weaponry could prompt NATO to jump on board as well.
"It's a very specific strategy on how to move forward," Mr. Wallach says. "You establish under international humanitarian law the principle that this is not an appropriate form of warfare. It becomes comparable to biological weaponry, gas warfare, lasers on the battlefield, other things that have now been declared immoral, inappropriate in warfare."
Braden R. Allenby, a professor of engineering, ethics, and law at Arizona State University and chairman of Cetmons, says people in the military are also skeptical of lethal autonomous robots "because they're the ones who are going to get blamed for it" if something goes wrong.
Yet he says it's clear that people in the defense establishment are studying such systems even if they are not planning to deploy them.
"If it's your job to be concerned about the security of the United States, and that's what the president has told you to do, then you've got to try to understand this stuff," Mr. Allenby says. "Because if you don't, and then China does, or Russia does, or India does, or Brazil does, then you haven't done your job. You've failed."
Corrections (September 13, 2012, 5:01 p.m.): This article originally stated that Iran Air Flight 655 was shot down when the Aegis air-defense system was set on "casualty," an automatic mode. The article has been corrected to show that the decision to fire was made by human soldiers, based on misinformation from the system. The article also incorrectly named the institution where Braden R. Allenby is a professor. It is Arizona State University, not the University of Arizona. The article has been updated to reflect this correction.
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Skip to definition.
Noun: protuberance prow't(y)oo-bu-run(t)s [N. Amer], pru'tyoo-bu-run(t)s [Brit]
"the occipital protuberance was well developed";
- bulge, bump, hump, swelling, gibbosity, gibbousness, jut, prominence, protrusion, extrusion, excrescence
2. The condition of being protuberant; the condition of bulging out
"the protuberance of his belly"
Derived forms: protuberances
Type of: condition, projection, status
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Alpine plant
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Alpine plants)
Jump to: navigation, search
Flora typical of the Alpine Region of the Alps
Alpine plants are plants that grow in the alpine climate, which occurs at high elevation and above the tree line. Alpine plants grow together as a plant community in alpine tundra.1 Alpine plants are not a single taxon. Rather, many different plant species live in the alpine environment. These include perennial grasses, sedges, forbs, cushion plants, mosses, and lichens.2 Alpine plants must adapt to the harsh conditions of the alpine environment, which include low temperatures, dryness, ultraviolet radiation, and a short growing season.
Some alpine plants serve as medicinal plants.
Surviving low temperature extremes
Alpine habitat on Mont Blanc Massif
Most alpine plants are faced with low temperature extremes at some point in their lives. There are a number of ways that a plant can survive these extremes. Plants can avoid exposure to low temperature by using different forms of seasonal phenology, morphology, or by variable growth form preference. They can also avoid the freezing of their exposed tissues by increasing the amount of solutes in their tissues, known as freezing-point depression. Another, somewhat similar, method plants may use to avoid freezing is supercooling, which prevents ice crystallization within plant tissues. These methods are only sufficient when temperature is only moderately cold. In the alpine zone, temperatures are often low enough that these methods are not sufficient.3 When plants need a more permanent solution, they can develop freeze tolerance. Plants can also dehydrate their cells by moving water into intercellular spaces. This causes ice formation outside of the cell where ice crystals will not cause damage. When all of these strategies fail to prevent frost damage, alpine plants often have the capacity to repair or replace the organs damaged. As it is often difficult to prevent damage, many alpine plants depend on the replacement of their organs.4 They help make this possible by placing their meristems below ground, where temperatures are generally warmer.3
Avoidance of desiccation
A common alpine lichen, Xanthoria elegans
In alpine areas, water availability is often variable. Bryophytes and lichens exhibit high desiccation tolerance, which contributes to their abundance throughout all alpine areas habitats.5 Among higher plants, tissue desiccation is rare at high altitudes. If it does occur, it normally happens to plants growing on exposed sites, where wind stress is increased. Alpine plants avoid water loss by deep rooting and increased stomatal control. Plants at low elevation normally reach maximum stomatal opening in the morning while alpine plants reach maximum opening mid-day, when temperature is greatest. Alpine succulent plants often utilize CAM photosynthesis to avoid water loss.
Avoidance of ultraviolet radiation
Because ultraviolet radiation tends to increase with elevation, it is often assumed to be a stress factor among alpine plants. In the past, there have been many attempts to research how ultraviolet radiation may influence alpine plant forms. However, it is uncertain if the growth and development of plants is affected by ultraviolet radiation. It is also not clear if the radiation is responsible for promoting genetic differentiation, leading to stunted growth forms.3
Alpine plants use both sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction has limits in high alpine areas, especially in areas with a short growing seasonin alpine zones at high latitudes. In tropical alpine zones with a year round growing season, such as the northern Andes, plants can flower year round. Regardless of when alpine plants flower, pollinators are often scarce. The activity of pollinators decreases with increasing altitude.6 The most common pollinators in the alpine zone are bumblebees and flies.6 Plants utilize different strategies to deal with these limits, including alternate flowering time and clonal propagation.
Early flowering plants
Glory-of-the-Snow is an alpine plant that preforms its flowers in the previous season so that it can flower as soon as the snow starts to melt in spring
Some plants flower immediately after snow melting or soil thawing. These early flowering plants always form their flowers in the previous season, called preformation. Consequently, they risk frost damage to the preformed inflorescence.6 In order to minimize frost damage, preformed flowers are often surrounded by tightly packed bracts that are densely covered in trichomes. This helps to keep the interior of a flower bud warm.7 Because of early season pollinator limitation, plants that bloom early generally have a low rate of reproductive success.6 One advantage of flowering early is that seeds that are produced have a greater chance of developing to maturity before the next freeze. They also have a high outcrossing rate, which helps to increase genetic diversity.6
Mid-season flowering
Approximately half of all alpine species flower in mid-season. Flowering at the seasonal peak combines some of the advantages and risks of early flowering and late flowering plants. Some mid-season plants pre-form of their inflorescences, but not all do.6
Late flowering
Late flowering occurs after the main growing season ends. They have a high seed output but their seeds have a reduced rate of maturing because of time constraints. These plants tend towards self pollination, apomixis, and vivipary.6
Clonal progagation
Because investment in flowers and seed production can be costly for alpine plants, they often use clonal propagation. This strategy becomes increasingly more frequent as altitude increases, and is most common among cryptogams and grasses.6 Some alpine plants use it as their predominant method of reproduction. In these plants, sexual reproduction is rare and does not contribute significantly to reproductive output. An example of such a plant is Carex curvula, which is estimated to have a clonal age of approximately 2000 years.8
Medicinal alpine plants
There are a number of alpine plants that are used economically. In the Himalayas, hundreds of species are traded for medicinal and aromatic uses. It is estimated that the annual trade of these plants amounts to millions of US dollars. Many households in rural Nepal and India rely on medicinal alpine plant trade as a source of income.910 This creates an increased need to focus on plant conservation in these areas, ensuring sustainable harvest as well as ecosystem sustainability. Some of the species harvested in Nepal include Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora, Nardostachys grandiflora, Aconitum spicatum, Dioscorea deltoidea, Aconitum heterophyllum, Rheum australe, Bergenia, and Epimerantha macraei.10 In the Indian Himalayas, the alpine medicinal plants such as Dactylorhiza hatagirea, Picrorhiza kurrooa, Aconitum heterophyllum, Fritillaria roylei, Podophyllum hexandrum are under severe pressure due to over-exploitation for commercial purposes.11
See also
• Austrheim, Gunnar; Kristian Hassel; Atle Mysterud (2005). "The Role of Life History Traits for Bryophyte Community Patterns in Two Contrasting Alpine Regions". The Bryologist 108 (2): 259–271. doi:10.1639/0007-2745(2005)108[0259:TROLHT]2.0.CO;2.
• Hacker, Jürgen; Gilbert Neuner (2008). "Ice Propagation in Dehardened Alpine Plant Species Studied by Infrared Differential Thermal Analysis (IDTA)". Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 40 (4): 660–670. doi:10.1657/1523-0430(07-077)[HACKER]2.0.CO;2.
• Kala, Chandra Prakash (2000). "Status and conservation of rare and endangered medicinal plants in the Indian trans-Himalaya". Biological Conservation 93 (3): 371–379. doi:10.1016/S0006-3207(99)00128-7.
• Körner, Christian (2003). Alpine Plant Life: Functional Plant Ecology of High Mountain Ecosystems. Berlin: Springer.
• Smith Olsen, Carsten; Overgaard Larsen, Helle (2003). "Alpine medicinal plant trade and Himalayan mountain livelihood strategies". The Geographical Journal 169 (3): 243–254. doi:10.1111/1475-4959.00088.
• Steinger, Thomas; Christian Körner; Bernhard Schmid (1996). "Long-term persistence in a changing climate: DNA analysis suggests very old ages of clones of alpine Carex curvula". Oecologia 105 (1): 94–99. doi:10.1007/BF00328796.
• Tsukaya, H.; T. Tsuge (2001). "Morphological Adaptation of Inflorescences in Plants that Develop at Low Temperatures in Early Spring: The Convergent Evolution of "Downy Plants"". Plant Biology 3 (5): 536–543. doi:10.1055/s-2001-17727.
External links
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| 138
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Re: Problem with subschemasubentry
>I am very new to LDAP and OpenLDAP. I' ve got some LDIF files which
>produce errors when I execute ldapmodify.
>Here is an example entry of my LDIF file:
>dn: cn=subschemasubentry
>changetype: modify
>add: attributetypes
>attributetypes: ( 2.16.840.1.113894.7.1.1 NAME 'orclVersion' EQUALITY
>caseIgnoreMatch SYNTAX '' SINGLE-VALUE )
An application/user can't modify the subschemaentry (to my knowledge), this
object is maintained by the DSA. You need to define your schemas in a schema
file (usually in /etc/openldap/schema or some such place) and include it into
your slapd.conf.
>The ldapmodify command gives the following error:
>modifying entry "cn=subschemasubentry"
>ldap_modify: No such object
>ldif_record() = 32
>Which means that cn=subschemasubentry doesn't exist. So I queried the
>rootDSE and the following was reported:
In a sense it doesn't, it is a "virtual" object maintained by the DSA to permit
clients to query it's knowledge.
Systems and Network Administrator
Morrison Industries
1825 Monroe Ave NW
Grand Rapids, MI. 49505
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Amanda Vanstone
Amanda Vanstone
Born in Adelaide, Amanda Vanstone studied Arts and Law at the University of Adelaide and before entering politics worked in the legal area, retailing and small business.
Amanda entered the Australian Parliament in 1984 and was a Liberal Senator for South Australia from 1984 to 2007. She was the only female member of the Howard Cabinet following the 1996 election that brought the coalition to power. She held several ministerial portfolios in the Howard Government including Minister for Employment, Education, Training and Youth Affairs, Minister for Justice and Customs, Minister for Family and Community Services, Minister Assisting the Prime Minister for the Status of Women, Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs, and Minister Assisting the Prime Minister for Reconciliation.
Programs presented
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http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/amanda-vanstone/4102894
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| 365
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Wednesday, June 27, 2007
and now for some dumb pastor news
I don't know what to say... Pastor Shoots off cat's head.
Virginia - A volunteer firefighter who leads weekly religious services at a homeless shelter received a suspended sentence for shooting the head off a neighbour's cat.
Jonathan Hubert Powell, 39, said he decapitated the cat, named Garcia, because it was scratching his car, according to his testimony.
But on Monday, Powell said he shot at what he thought was a raccoon or possum.
He was convicted of animal cruelty in the April 2006 shooting and received the two-year suspended sentence.
After his sentencing, Powell said he learned some "very valuable lessons" that he hopes to share in his ministry.
"I'm sorry that an animal had to die," he said. "I will admit I made a very poor decision."
I don't have anything snaky to say. I must not be feeling well.
The Anonymous Atheist said...
Damn, I want to know where that is! I live in Virginia, and I'd like to know how far away this guy is.
yinyang said...
Isn't cruelty to animals one of the signs of a serial killer?
tina said...
Please don't let your animals roam free. It's all for the better, diseases, attacks by other animals, more babies, feral cats spraying doors marking territories, it just makes sense. I feel bad for the people that owned the kitty though, they're like part of your family. This guy is a pastor??
Johnny Crow said...
I guess I just think a bit differently, If you have a varmint or creature that is on your property, I would shoo it away or even do what the guy did. I would have shot the damn thing. Then again if you didn't know it was a cat then he shouldn't have shot at it in the first place... but that is besides the point... I just don't see how this is bad. Also whether he was religious or a pastor or not is moot, he was a guy who shot at a cat or animal because it was on his property and fuckin with his shit. Sounds like me. lol. Thats just my two cents.
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| 200
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Alessi - Ashtray "Joe Cactus"
The ashtray Joe Cactus was designed by Philippe Starck for Alessi.
The ashtray appears on the first look like a flower pot. The ash can easily be peened at the "cactus", it will then fall into the "flower pot".
The pot can be filled with water so that the cigarettes wont burn any longer. You can also use the ashtray as air freshener. To do so you only have to put scented oils or something similar into the water.
Philippe Starck
Design: Philippe Starck
The French designer Philippe Patrick Starck is deemed to be the pop star under designers. He was born in the year 1949 in Paris and like no other he has coined the contemporaneous everyday culture with his design. Designer Philippe Starck
"Joe Cactus" Aschenbecher Alessi - Joe Cactus Ashtray
add to wish list
59.00 € *
in stock
Only 1 left in stock.
Shipping costs of the delivery country
will be calculated in the shopping cart!
H: 14 cm, D: 26 cm, L: 14 cm, weight: 500 g, Ø: 10 cm, colour: red
Nr. 108472, EAN 8003299301102
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Connox GmbH, Eckenerstraße 3, 30179 Hannover, Tel: +49 (0)511 300341-0, Mail:
|
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| 418
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Camping Advice Ovens
Camping Advice Ovens
Whenever you mind to camping, you need to make certain that you are ready for the sun and rain, however, you likewise need food. If you are only camping for a few days you are able to most likely take enough to consume along with you, but that does not mean you need to eat everything cold. Also, if you are likely to be camping for some time, you will need to catch and prepare a few of the food that you will be eating, generally. In either case, you will need a prepare stove, and you will find a number of different kinds. You will get everything from an easy flame that you could warmth things over, to some more elaborate stove with writers you are able to control, so that you can warmth several factor at any given time.
You will find options on either finish from the spectrum as well as in between, too. Which you select will rely on several factors. Obviously the cost will matter, because many people are extremely limited regarding how much cash they are able to invest in their camping hobby. Others only desire to use their cash for other activities and various gear, so that they opt to not spend over our limits on the stove.
Apart from cost, you will want to consider how large and high the stove is. You will be transporting a sleeping bag, a tent, along with other gear, so adding a stove to that particular will make it overweight that you should easily carry for lengthy amounts of time. In the event that to be, it’s something you wish to uncover before you purchase the stove, not throughout your vacation. A part of what’s going to affect that’s whether you are camping alone or whether you will see others along with you. Just how much gear individuals others can transport is important, too, as you may have the ability to more evenly distribute the load between all the campers and produce a bigger stove along.
Weight, size, cost, and ale the stove to complete the thing you need are extremely important factors, out of the box the security and the standard from the stove that you simply purchase. It isn’t best to be satisfied with the least expensive option available, but doing all of your research in to the various ovens can help you make that choice.
Leave Your Response
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http://www.holidayyp.com/camping-advice-ovens.html
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| 526
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Hometime Team
transparent transparent
Trans 1) Vinyl Siding Basics Trans
2) Vinyl Siding - Getting Started
3) Installing Vinyl Siding
4) Vinyl Soffits, Fascia & Trim
5) Fiber-Cement Siding
Laying out a Vinyl Siding Project
There are certain guidelines for layout on a siding job.
The rows, or courses, should line up all the way around the house, around every corner.
The courses of siding should be level. However, if the house has settled or there are parts of the house that that aren't perfectly level (such as soffits), it
might be better have the siding be parallel to the house (even if this means the siding won't be perfectly level.) Siding Stepping Up
Try to avoid having thin pieces of siding under windows, doors or soffits.
Houses that change levels—such as walk-outs or split-levels—pose particular layout challenges. If you start with a full course along the bottom in one area, as the level changes up or down you may end up with less than a full course along the bottom in other areas. In this case, you'll want to pick the most prominent, visible area of the house and start with a full course there, and let the cuts fall where they may in other areas.
Cutting Vinyl Siding
Hand Tools Cut Vinyl Siding
One of the beauties of vinyl siding is that you can cut it with inexpensive hand tools. Large-bladed tin snips can be used to cut the pieces of siding to length. Smaller aviation snips are best for cutting trim pieces to precise lengths and shapes.
That's not to say that there aren't power tools for the job, too. A standard circular saw fitted with a fine-toothed plywood cutting blade will cut vinyl cleanly and quickly. (It works best to put the blade in the saw backwards.) Professional siding contractors usually have a power miter saw on a large stand to make cutting go faster. Amateurs can build something similar on top of a sheet of plywood or OSB with some scrap 1-by and 2-by.
Long, horizontal cuts in vinyl are made by scoring the cut with a utility knife and bending the piece back and forth until it breaks along the score mark.
Nailing Vinyl Siding
Loosely nailed vinyl sidingVinyl expands and contracts with changes in temperature, so how the vinyl is secured to the house is important. It can't be secured firmly—it has to be able to move. So you don't really attach the vinyl to the house—essentially, you hang it.
You generally need galvanized roofing nails, at least 1-¼" long (or long enough to penetrate ¾" into solid wood studs.
Loosly nailed sidingAll vinyl siding and accessories come with slots to nail through. When you nail, you don't drive the nail tight. Some manuals specify that there should be a 1/32" between the head of the nail and the siding, but there's no need to check each nail with a micrometer. If, after you've nailed it, the piece of vinyl will slide back and forth, then you're OK. If not, you've pinned it too tight to the house.
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“In 2012,” writes Greg Beato for The Smart Set, “Ronald McDonald is essentially a clown without a country.” Beato is referring to the rapid modernization of the McDonald’s fast food restaurant chain, which has abandoned the primary-colored, dine-n-ditch, gee-whiz simplicity of its past and embraced chic aesthetics, comfortable ambiance, and more sophisticated flavors. As a symbol of McDonald’s garish past, Ronald is being left by the wayside. Quips Beato, “Amidst the sleek walnut paneling and modernist dining chairs, however, the chain’s longtime mascot looks less like a crown prince than a red-headed stepchild.”
Ronald McDonald’s “job” at the restaurant chain best show’s the company’s changing relationship with its diners. Beato explains Ronald’s career path from burger slinger to what amounts to a community outreach volunteer:
Demoted upwards to Chief Happiness Officer, Ronald has roughly the same job duties as First Lady Michelle Obama. He serves as the public face of Ronald McDonald House Charities, which provides housing to the families of hospitalized children. He promotes literacy. He engages in brief bouts of highly publicized physical activity. But his position with McDonald’s is equally defined by what he’s not allowed to do on behalf of the chain he helped turn into an international superpower. “He does not hawk food,” Jim Skinner insisted at the 2010 shareholder’s meeting. “He never does a hard sell,” reiterated Marlena Peleo-Lazar in [a] USA Today piece.
That only scratches the surface. Beato’s description of Ronald’s history at McDonald’s is well-sourced and extensive—all of it fascinating.
Source: The Smart Set
Image by Valerie Everett, licensed under Creative Commons.
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Style Guide for SEAS Argument Templates
SEAS Help System
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Style Guide for SEAS Argument Templates
This guide is meant to serve as an aid to authors of Seas Argument Templates. A would be author should read over this guide before beginning to author templates and might want to review this guide in conjunction with previously authored templates in hopes of improving them. Writing good SEAS Argument Templates is not easy, but it does get easier with practice.
Example SEAS Templates
A miscellaneous collection called the "SEAS Library" is home to two other miscellaneous collections called the "Q&A Library" and "Template Library". The Q&A Library houses example template questions and multiple-choice answers. The Template Library includes templates for a range of business applications and one for assessing the quality of SEAS template. While these might be directly applicable to problems of interest, they primarily are provided to illustrate how SEAS can be applied to a wide range of problems and to serve as examples of good template design.
Authoring Philosophy and Methodology for SEAS Argument Templates
SEAS emphasizes the use of simple and regular inference structures. These structures are captured by Argument Skeletons and associated Fusion Methods. The same Argument Skeleton and Fusion Method are typically used to support multiple Argument Templates over widely differing topics. The idea is that if the Argument Template author fully understands the structure of the interrelated questions that constitute the Argument Skeleton and the light propagation scheme implemented by the Fusion Methods, then the author can write the Argument Template questions and answers to fit. The simpler the Argument Skeletons and Fusion Methods, the easily it is for the author to understand.
The challenge in authoring a SEAS Argument Template is to break the problem down into a hierarchically structured set of questions that matches the selected Argument Skeleton and whose interrelationships among the answers follow the Fusion Methods. Of course, the Argument Skeleton and Fusion Methods can be adjusted as the questions and answers emerge.
The use of Regular Argument Skeletons is encouraged i.e., skeletal trees where all branches are identically structured. Regular structures help to encourage that equal time and emphasis are placed on all aspect of an analysis. If the template author does not strive to reduce clutter and eliminate trivialities, then all of its eventual users, including those authoring and browsing arguments based upon it, will pay an additional price with every use i.e., it is a situation where the template author either pays up front or its users will pay repeatedly thereafter.
Likewise, the use of Uniform or Regular Inference Methods is encouraged. A Uniform Inference Method, where every derivative question's answer is derived through application of the same fusion method, makes for the easiest arguments to understand and lines of reasoning to follow. Regular Inference Methods, ones that employs the same fusion method across all questions at the same depth in the skeletal tree, are the next easiest to understand and follow.
This philosophy is directly opposed to that of most uncertain reasoning systems. In most systems, the author begins by determining what questions might be asked and then interrelates them through a complex set of interconnections, typically annotated with conditional probabilities. As a result, the updating scheme is often complex and difficult to follow for those not versed in probability theory. While this "strong model" approach can be very effective when properly applied, we believe that the SEAS "weak model" approach is easier to understand and use. Its effectiveness is directly related to the author's ability to adapt to these simple and regular fusion structures, writing questions and answers that properly function within these constraints.
There are two distinct ways of approaching the structuring of a SEAS Argument Template: top-down and bottom-up. Using the top-down approach, one starts with the central question and attempts to break it down into a small set of supporting questions, each of approximately the same significance; then one breaks down each of those questions, attempting to break each into the same number of equally significant questions; this continues until questions are produced that can be directly answered or until the number of overall questions has become too numerous to include in a single template. In this latter case, the author might elect to limit the depth of the original template and then capture those elements that fell below that depth limit in their own templates; each of these cascaded templates would share its root question with one of the primitive questions in the original template. The relationship of these cascaded templates to the original template can be captured by adding these to the original template as discovery tools. As such, when an analyst is developing an argument based upon the original template and is confronted with one of its primitive questions, he/she can either elect to directly answer the stated question or invoke one of these discovery tools to further breakdown the question. The advantage of this approach is that the analyst determines which of these discovery tools to employ, thus choosing where and where not to spend their time.
Using the bottom-up approach, one starts by enumerating the detailed conditions that should lead to warning. Once these are enumerated, one begins to cluster these into coherent collections of roughly equal size and significance. One then clusters the clusters, again striving for clusters of equal size and significance, and continues this process until a single cluster remains. Each cluster should give rise to a question in the resulting template, with the nesting of the clusters captured as supporting questions. Another tool developed by SRI, called Angler (see, can support a group in executing this bottom-up approach to template development. The result can be exported from Angler and then imported into SEAS, resulting in a new SEAS template. The new template can then be refined within SEAS.
In practice, neither the top-down nor bottom-up approach is employed in its pure form. Instead, both are typically employed at different times, one after the other, until a satisfactory result is achieved. Once the overall skeletal structure has been established, then the author's attention should turn to writing the detailed questions and answers for the template. Finally, the author should establish the situation descriptor for the new template that describes the type of situations for which the template is intended to be used.
Elements of Style for SEAS Argument Templates
The following are characteristics of good argument templates. Although it will not always be possible to adhere to these elements of good style, an argument template author should strive to do so.
Limit the overall size of a template to reduce the minimum time required to record an argument. Break large templates into multiple cascaded templates where the primitive questions in some higher level templates are the root question for some lower level templates. This allows the user to invoke the lower level templates (through discovery tools) when desirable and to ignore them when not, thus allowing the user to choose where to spend their time and how much time to spend in total.
Use a regular skeletal structure. In so doing, you help to guarantee that equal time and emphasis will be placed on each aspect of the analysis during argument creation and argument comprehension.
Since SEAS is geared to performing early warning, the preferred fusion methods are geared to propagating warning conditions up the hierarchy of questions, no matter the answer to other questions. That is, the fusion methods most commonly used resemble a mathematical maximization or minimization, rather than averaging. The argument template author needs to keep the fusion methods well in mind when developing a template's questions and answers. For early warning, each question should be associated with a warning condition. The answers must correlate with a level of warning represented by the red-to-green scale.
Use simple words as much as possible; avoid jargon. This helps to guarantee that questions and answers are properly understood.
Questions and answers should not depend too heavily on the context established by other questions, answers, or the situation description. Each should be as self contained as possible to avoid misunderstandings.
Questions and answers should be phrased in such a way that any two analyst's sharing a common understanding of a situation would chose the same answers in response to the same questions. Otherwise perceived differences of opinion will appear to exist where none do.
Questions should cover a single subject.
Questions should be in a form where the lights alone summarize the answers, e.g., Yes/No or True/False.
Don't pose categorical questions. Turn them into True/False questions by asking if the categorical assessment implies a threat. E.g., not "What are the intentions of this leader?" but "Do this leader's intentions pose a threat?". The categories can still be directly included within the multiple choice answers to help the user objectively assess the degree of threat imposed by each category.
Don't ask questions about how much the user knows regarding the answer to a question. Instead, ask the question directly and if the user's knowledge is limited, then that user should select a range of answers indicating which remain possible given their limited knowledge. Otherwise, the user's lack of knowledge is not properly captured; the inability of a user to eliminate possible answers is the way that SEAS encodes and understands ignorance.
Questions should pertain directly to the subject of the analysis rather than the availability of evidence or state of knowledge of the analyst. "Is this group supported by organized crime?" is better than "Is there evidence that this group is supported by organized crime?". The presence of evidence supporting does not imply the absence of evidence refuting (i.e., there may still be no clear answer to the question); the absence of evidence supporting does not imply that the answer is false, particularly when no evidence was sought.
Whenever possible, write questions that can be answered with objective or numerical criteria rather than with subjective criteria, which tend to be vague. "Are import levels greater than 30% of export levels?" is better than "Are import levels excessive?". When subjective answers are used, it is entirely possible for two analysts to choose different answers, although they are both in complete agreement about the situation. Thus differences in subjectively defined terms potentially end up masquerading as a material differences where none exist.
If the question asks about a possible future occurrence, state an unambiguous time frame. "In the next 12 months" is better than "this year".
Define your terms; be specific. "Will the stock market decline in value by over 50% ?" is better than "Will the stock market crash?"
Answers should be as concrete as possible, making it easier for the user to recognize the correct answers. The best answers correspond to things that can be directly and unambiguously observed.
Answers should be mutually exclusive. Otherwise, multiple answers might be selected despite the fact that the analyst knows the answer precisely; the selection of multiple answers is meant to convey a lack of knowledge.
Answers corresponding to a numerical range should cover the allowable range and not overlap. This guarantees that exactly one answer applies when there is sufficient knowledge.
Answers should be parallel to one another, have the same sentence structure, and as many of the same words as possible. This makes the differences in the answers easy to spot.
Answers should include only one dimension. For example, don't vary both the amount of change and the likelihood of change in one set of response categories.
Answers should all deal with the same tense. For example, don't have some of the answers deal with the present and some deal with the future. If the objective is early warning, the questions are probably best posed using future tense.
When a subjective certainty scale must be used, the following has been found to be less ambiguous than others.
Yes, almost certainly
Even, about as likely as not
No, almost certainly not
Example Applications of SEAS Elements of Style
Following are a number of examples highlighting the application of some of the above elements of style. Each consists of a poor example followed by an improved good example. Be sure to also see the examples in the Q&A Library, a miscellaneous collection of exemplar questions/answers.
What are the tactics of this group? Have the actions of this group posed a threat to the security of the US within the last 12 months?
Is there evidence that the stock market will crash? Will the stock market's value drop by more than 50% within the next 12 months?
Is unemployment expected to become a serious destabilizing factor?
Highly likely
Highly unlikely
Is the rate of unemployment expected to substantially exceed the established norm for this country within the next 12 months?
The unemployment rate will exceed 50% of the established norm
The unemployment rate will exceed 35% but remain at or below 50% of the established norm
The unemployment rate will exceed 20% but remain at or below 35% of the established norm
The unemployment rate will exceed 10% but remain at or below 20% of the established norm
The unemployment rate will remain at or below 10% of the established norm
Is the group making an effort to send a message or publicize its cause in a way that is cause for concern? Consider the following:
• exploits media
• publications
• website/internet
• remains anonymous
very significant evidence
strong evidence
moderate evidence
minimal evidence
no evidence
Is the group disseminating or seeking to disseminate threatening messages? Consider the following:
• Have they used mass media to distribute threatening messages?
• Have they published threatening messages in print?
• Have they used mailings (electronic or conventional) to distribute threatening messages?
• Have they established a website that contains threatening messages?
The group is seeking to disseminate threatening messages to the masses
The group is seeking to widely disseminate threatening messages outside of their organization
The group is seeking moderate dissemination of threatening messages beyond their organization
The group is seeking to disseminate threatening messages among few outside of their organization
The group is not seeking to disseminate threatening messages
Is the group trying to raise funds to support its operations in a way that is cause for concern? Consider the following:
• sponsors/benefactors
• criminal activities
• business ventures/front organizations
• investments]
very significant evidence
strong evidence
moderate evidence
minimal evidence
no evidence
Is the group getting support from threatening organizations or through illegal/shady activities? Consider the following:
• Are they engaged in criminal activities?
• Are their sponsors/benefactors engaged in criminal activities?
• Are they engaged in shady business ventures or investments?
• Do they have front organizations?
The group is receiving more than 65% of its support from threatening organizations or through illegal/shady activities
The group is receiving 41% to 65% of its support from threatening organizations or through illegal/shady activities
The group is receiving 15% to 40% of its support from threatening organizations or through illegal/shady activities
The group is receiving less than 15% of its support from threatening organizations or through illegal/shady activities
The group is receiving no support from threatening organizations or through illegal/shady activities
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[Mailman-Users] sending mail to members in batches
Stephen J. Turnbull stephen at xemacs.org
Thu Dec 2 09:10:23 CET 2004
>>>>> "Darryl" == Darryl Hamilton <mailman at addict.net.nz> writes:
Darryl> I'm wondering if there is a setting in mailman to send
Darryl> mail out to members of a list in batches - for example
Darryl> send 100, wait 30 seconds, send to the next 100, wait 30
Darryl> seconds, and so on.
Darryl> This is a cPanel install (and from what I've heard, they
Darryl> distribute a custom version of mailman), but they don't
Darryl> have any settings I can change. I've seen the Exim tweaks
Darryl> and will be looking at implementing them, but I'm not sure
Darryl> if it'll be enough.
There's a note in one of the source files, I think it's Runner.py,
something like "this is where you could implement things like
throttling." While cPanel users normally don't have access to the
software installation, your comment about fiddling with Exim suggests
that maybe you do. Sure, that's more work than you're describing, but
it's a late (or last) resort.
FWIW, I will say that IMO Mailman is very well designed for this kind
of hacking; something like throttling is reasonably complex in itself,
but Mailman won't make it harder than it needs to be.
Another possibility would be a custom processing pipeline, but
implementing it there would basically amount to a busy loop, and use
an excessive amount of resources.
Institute of Policy and Planning Sciences http://turnbull.sk.tsukuba.ac.jp
Ask not how you can "do" free software business;
ask what your business can "do for" free software.
More information about the Mailman-Users mailing list
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Stress (mechanics)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Stress (physics))
Jump to: navigation, search
Built-in stress inside a plastic protractor, revealed by its effect on polarized light.
In continuum mechanics, stress is a physical quantity that expresses the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other. For example, when a solid vertical bar is supporting a weight, each particle in the bar pulls on the particles immediately above and below it. When a liquid is under pressure, each particle gets pushed inwards by all the surrounding particles, and, in reaction, pushes them outwards. These forces are actually the average of a very large number of intermolecular forces and collisions between the molecules in those particles.
Stress inside a body may arise by various mechanisms, such as reaction to external forces applied to the bulk material (like gravity) or to its surface (like contact forces, external pressure, or friction). Any strain (deformation) of a solid material generates an internal elastic stress, analogous to the reaction force of a spring, that tends to restore the material to its original undeformed state. In liquids and gases, only deformations that change the volume generate persistent elastic stress. However, if the deformation is gradually changing with time, even in fluids there will usually be some viscous stress, opposing that change. Elastic and viscous stresses are usually combined under the name mechanical stress.
Significant stress may exist even when deformation is negligible (a common assumption when modeling the flow of water) or non-existent. Stress may exist in the absence of external forces; such built-in stress is important, for example, in prestressed concrete and tempered glass. Stress may also be imposed on a material without the application of net forces, for example by changes in temperature or chemical composition, or by external electromagnetic fields (as in piezoelectric and magnetostrictive materials).
The stress across a surface element (yellow disk) is the force that the material on one side (top ball) exerts on the material on the other side (bottom ball), divided by the area of the surface.
Quantitatively, the stress is expressed by the Cauchy traction vector T defined as the traction force F between adjacent parts of the material across an imaginary separating surface S, divided by the area of S.[1]:p.41–50 In a fluid at rest the force is perpendicular to the surface, and is the familiar pressure. In a solid, or in a flow of viscous liquid, the force F may not be perpendicular to S; hence the stress across a surface must be regarded a vector quantity, not a scalar. Moreover, the direction and magnitude generally depend on the orientation of S. Thus the stress state of the material must be described by tensor, called the (Cauchy) stress tensor; which is a linear function that relates the normal vector n of a surface S to the stress T across S. With respect to any chosen coordinate system, the Cauchy stress tensor can be represented as a symmetric matrix of 3x3 real numbers. Even within a homogeneous body, the stress tensor may vary from place to place, and may change over time; therefore, the stress within a material is, in general, a time-varying tensor field.
The relation between mechanical stress, deformation, and the rate of change of deformation can be quite complicated, although a linear approximation may be adequate in practice if the quantities are small enough. Stress that exceeds certain strength limits of the material will result in permanent deformation (such as plastic flow, fracture, cavitation) or even change its crystal structure and chemical composition.
In some branches of engineering, the term stress is occasionally used in a looser sense as a synonym of "internal force". For example, in the analysis of trusses, it may refer to the total traction or compression force acting on a beam, rather than the force divided by the area of its cross-section.
History [edit]
A Roman-era bridge in Switzerland.
Since ancient times humans have been consciously aware of stress inside materials. Until the 17th century the understanding of stress was largely intuitive and empirical; and yet it resulted in some surprisingly sophisticated technology, like the composite bow and glass blowing.
Over several millennia, architects and builders, in particular, learned how to put together carefully shaped wood beams and stone blocks to withstand, transmit, and distribute stress in the most effective manner, with ingenious devices such as the capitals, arches, cupolas, trusses and the flying buttresses of Gothic cathedrals.
Ancient and medieval architects did develop some geometrical methods and simple formulas to compute the proper sizes of pillars and beams, but the scientific understanding of stress became possible only after the necessary tools were invented in the 17th and 18th centuries: Galileo's rigorous experimental method, Descartes's coordinates and analytic geometry, and Newton's laws of motion and equilibrium and calculus of infinitesimals. With those tools, Cauchy was able to give the first rigorous and general mathematical model for stress in a homogeneous medium. Cauchy observed that the force across an imaginary surface was a linear function of its normal vector; and, moreover, that it must be a symmetric function (with zero total momentum).
The understanding of stress in liquids started with Newton himself, who provided a differential formula for friction forces (shear stress) in laminar parallel flow.
Overview [edit]
Definition [edit]
Stress is defined as the average force per unit area that some particle of a body exerts on an adjacent particle, across an imaginary surface that separates them.[2]:p.46–71
Being derived from a fundamental physical quantity (force) and a purely geometrical quantity (area), stress is also a fundamental quantity, like velocity, torque or energy, that can be quantified and analyzed without explicit consideration of the nature of the material or of its physical causes.
Following the basic premises of continuum mechanics, stress is a macroscopic concept. Namely, the particles considered in its definition and analysis should be just small enough to be treated as homogeneous in composition and state, but still large enough to ignore quantum effects and the detailed motions of molecules. Thus, the force between two particles is actually the average of a very large number of atomic forces between their molecules; and physical quantities like mass, velocity, and forces that act through the bulk of three-dimensional bodies, like gravity, are assumed to be smoothly distributed over them.[3]:p.90–106 Depending on the context, one may also assume that the particles are large enough to allow the averaging out of other microscopic features, like the grains of a metal rod or the fibers of a piece of wood.
Normal and shear stress [edit]
In general, the stress T that a particle P applies on another particle Q across a surface S can have any direction relative to S. The vector T may be regarded as the sum of two components: the normal stress (Compression or Tension) perpendicular to the surface, and the shear stress that is parallel to it.
If the normal unit vector n of the surface (pointing from Q towards P) is assumed fixed, the normal component can be expressed by a single number, the dot product T·n. This number will be positive if P is "pulling" on Q (tensile stress), and negative if P is "pushing" against Q (compressive stress) The shear component is then the vector T - (T·n)n.
Units [edit]
The dimension of stress is that of pressure, and therefore its coordinates are commonly measured in the same units as pressure: namely, pascals (Pa, that is, newtons per square metre) in the International System, or pounds per square inch (psi) in the Imperial system.
Causes and effects [edit]
Glass vase with the craquelé effect. The cracks are the result of brief but intense stress created when the semi-molten piece is briefly dipped in water.[4]
Stress in a material body may be due to multiple physical causes, including external influences and internal physical processes. Some of these agents (like gravity, changes in temperature and phase, and electromagnetic fields) act on the bulk of the material, varying continuously with position and time. Other agents (like external loads and friction, ambient pressure, and contact forces) may create stresses and forces that are concentrated on certain surfaces, lines, or points; and possibly also on very short time intervals (as in the impulses due to collisions). In general, the stress distribution in the body is expressed as a piecewise continuous function of space and time.
Conversely, stress is usually correlated with various effects on the material, possibly including changes in physical properties like birefringence, polarization, and permeability. The imposition of stress by an external agent usually creates some strain (deformation) in the material, even if it is too small to be detected. In a solid material, such strain will in turn generate an internal elastic stress, analogous to the reaction force of a stretched spring, tending to restore the material to its original undeformed state. Fluid materials (liquids, gases and plasmas) by definition can only oppose deformations that would change their volume. However, if the deformation is changing with time, even in fluids there will usually be some viscous stress, opposing that change.
The relation between stress and its effects and causes, including deformation and rate of change of deformation, can be quite complicated (although a linear approximation may be adequate in practice if the quantities are small enough). Stress that exceeds certain strength limits of the material will result in permanent deformation (such as plastic flow, fracture, cavitation) or even change its crystal structure and chemical composition.
Simple stresses [edit]
In some situations, the stress within a body may adequately be described by a single number, or by a single vector (a number and a direction). Three such simple stress situations, that are often encountered in engineering design, are the uniaxial normal stress, the simple shear stress, and the isotropic normal stress.[5]
Uniaxial normal stress [edit]
Idealized stress in a straight bar with uniform cross-section.
A common situation with a simple stress pattern is when a straight rod, with uniform material and cross section, is subjected to tension by opposite forces of magnitude F along its axis. If the system is in equilibrium and not changing with time, and the weight of the bar can be neglected, then through each transversal section of the bar the top part must pull on the bottom part with the same force F Therefore the stress throughout the bar, across any horizontal surface, can be described by the number \sigma = F/A, where A is the area of the cross-section.
On the other hand, if one imagines the bar being cut along its length, parallel to the axis, there will be no force (hence no stress) between the two halves across the cut.
This type of stress may be called (simple) normal stress or uniaxial stress; specifically, (uniaxial, simple, etc.) tensile stress.[5] If the load is compression on the bar, rather than stretching it, the analysis is the same except that the force F and the stress \sigma change sign, and the stress is called compressive stress.
The ratio \sigma = F/A may be only an average stress. The stress may be unevenly distributed over the cross section (mm), especially near the attachment points (nn).
This analysis assumes the stress is evenly distributed over the entire cross-section. In practice, depending on how the bar is attached at the ends and how it was manufactured, this assumption may not be valid. In that case, the value \sigma = F/A will be only the average stress, called engineering stress or nominal stress. However, if the bar's length L is many times its diameter D, and it has no gross defects or built-in stress, then the stress can be assumed to be uniformly distributed over any cross-section that is more than a few times D from both ends. (This observation is known as the Saint-Venant's principle).
Normal stress occurs in many other situations besides axial tension and compression. If an elastic bar with uniform and symmetric cross-section is bent in one of its planes of symmetry, the resulting bending stress will still be normal (perpendicular to the cross-section), but will vary over the cross section: the outer part will be under tensile stress, while the inner part will be compressed. Another variant of normal stress is the hoop stress that occurs on the walls of a cylindrical pipe or vessel filled with pressurized fluid.
Simple shear stress [edit]
Shear stress in a horizontal bar loaded by two offset blocks.
Another simple type of stress occurs when a uniformly thick layer of elastic material like glue or rubber is firmly attached to two stiff bodies that are pulled in opposite directions by forces parallel to the layer; or a section of a soft metal bar that is being cut by the jaws of a scissors-like tool. Let F be the magnitude of those forces, and M be the midplane of that layer. Just as in the normal stress case, the part of the layer on one side of M must pull the other part with the same force F. Assuming that the direction of the forces is known, the stress across M can be expressed by the single number \tau = F/A, where F is the magnitude of those forces and A is the area of the layer.
However, unlike normal stress, this simple shear stress is directed parallel to the cross-section considered, rather than perpendicular to it.[5] For any plane S that is perpendicular to the layer, the net internal force across S, and hence the stress, will be zero.
As in the case of an axially loaded bar, in practice the shear stress may not be uniformly distributed over the layer; so, as before, the ratio F/A will only be an average ("nominal", "engineering") stress. However, that average is often sufficient for practical purposes.[6]:p.292 Shear stress is observed also when a cyindrical bar such as a shaft is subjected to opposite torques at its ends. In that case, the shear stress on each cross-section is parallel to the cross-section, but oriented tangentially relative to the axis, and increases with distance from the axis. Significant shear stress occurs in the middle plate (the "web") of I-beams under bending loads, due to the web constraining the end plates ("flanges").
Isotropic stress [edit]
Isotropic tensile stress. Top left: Each face of a cube of homogeneous material is pulled by a force with magnitude F, applied evenly over the entire face whose area is A. The force across any section S of the cube must balance the forces applied below the section. In the three sections shown, the forces are F (top right), F\sqrt{2} (bottom left), and F\sqrt{3}/2 (bottom right); and the area of S is A, A\sqrt{2} and A\sqrt{3}/2, respectively. So the stress across S is F/A in all three cases.
Another simple type of stress occurs when the material body is under equal compression or tension in all directions. This is the case, for example, in a portion of liquid or gas at rest, whether enclosed in some container or as part of a larger mass of fluid; or inside a cube of elastic material that is being pressed or pulled on all six faces by equal perpendicular forces — provided, in both cases, that the material is homogeneous, without built-in stress, and that the effect of gravity and other external forces can be neglected.
In these situations, the stress across any imaginary internal surface turns out to be equal in magnitude and always directed perpendicularly to the surface independently of the surface's orientation. This type of stress may be called isotropic normal or just isotropic; if it is compressive, it is called hydrostatic pressure or just pressure. Gases by definition cannot withstand tensile stresses, but liquids may withstand very small amounts of isotropic tensile stress.
Cylinder stresses [edit]
Parts with rotational symmetry, such as wheels, axles, pipes, and pillars, are very common in engineering. Often the stress patterns that occur in such parts have rotational or even cylindrical symmetry. The analysis of such cylinder stresses can take advantage of the symmetry to reduce the dimension of the domain and/or of the stress tensor.
General stress [edit]
Often, mechanical bodies experience more than one type of stress at the same time; this is called combined stress. In normal and shear stress, the magnitude of the stress is maximum for surfaces that are perpendicular to a certain direction d, and zero across any surfaces that are parallel to d. When the stress is zero only across surfaces that are perpendicular to one particular direction, the stress is called biaxial, and can be viewed as the sum of two normal or shear stresses. In the most general case, called triaxial stress, the stress is nonzero across every surface element.
The Cauchy stress tensor [edit]
Illustration of typical stresses (arrows) across various surface elements on the boundary of a particle (sphere), in a homogeneous material under uniform (but not isotropic) triaxial stress. The normal stresses on the principal axes are +5, +2, and −3 units.
Combined stresses cannot be described by a single vector. Even if the material is stressed in the same way throughout the volume of the body, the stress across any imaginary surface will depend on the orientation of that surface, in a non-trivial way.
However, Cauchy observed that the stress vector T across a surface will always be a linear function of the surface's normal vector n, the unit-length vector that is perpendicular to it. That is, T = \boldsymbol{\sigma}(n), where the function \boldsymbol{\sigma} satisfies
\boldsymbol{\sigma}(\alpha u + \beta v) = \alpha\boldsymbol{\sigma}(u) + \beta\boldsymbol{\sigma}(v)
for any vectors u,v and any real numbers \alpha,\beta. The function \boldsymbol{\sigma}, now called the (Cauchy) stress tensor, completely describes the stress state of a uniformly stressed body. (Today, any linear connection between two physical vector quantities is called a tensor, reflecting Cauchy's original use to describe the "tensions" (stresses) in a material.) In tensor calculus, \boldsymbol{\sigma} is classified as second-order tensor of type (0,2).
Like any linear map between vectors, the stress tensor can be represented in any chosen Cartesian coordinate system by a 3×3 matrix of real numbers. Depending on whether the coordinates are numbered x_1,x_2,x_3 or named x,y,z, the matrix may be written as
\sigma _{11} & \sigma _{12} & \sigma _{13} \\
\sigma _{21} & \sigma _{22} & \sigma _{23} \\
\sigma _{31} & \sigma _{32} & \sigma _{33}
\sigma _{xx} & \sigma _{xy} & \sigma _{xz} \\
\sigma _{yx} & \sigma _{yy} & \sigma _{yz} \\
\sigma _{zx} & \sigma _{zy} & \sigma _{zz} \\
The stress vector T = \boldsymbol{\sigma}(n) across a surface with normal vector n with coordinates n_1,n_2,n_3 is then a matrix product T = \boldsymbol{\sigma} n, that is
\begin{bmatrix} T_1\\T_2 \\ T_3 \end{bmatrix} =
\sigma_{11} & \sigma_{21} & \sigma_{31} \\
\sigma_{12} & \sigma_{22} & \sigma_{32} \\
\sigma_{13} & \sigma_{23} & \sigma_{33}
\begin{bmatrix} n_1\\n_2 \\ n_3 \end{bmatrix}
The linear relation between T and n follows from the fundamental laws of conservation of linear momentum and static equilibrium of forces, and is therefore mathematically exact, for any material and any stress situation. The components of the Cauchy stress tensor at every point in a material satisfy the equilibrium equations (Cauchy’s equations of motion for zero acceleration). Moreover, the principle of conservation of angular momentum implies that the stress tensor is symmetric, that is \sigma_{12} = \sigma_{21}, \sigma_{13} = \sigma_{31}, and \sigma_{23} = \sigma_{32} . Therefore, the stress state of the medium at any point and instant can be specified by only six independent parameters, rather than nine. These may be written
\sigma_x & \tau_{xy} & \tau_{xz} \\
\tau_{xy} & \sigma_y & \tau_{yz} \\
\tau_{xz} & \tau_{yz} & \sigma_z
where the elements \sigma_x,\sigma_y,\sigma_z are called the orthogonal normal stresses (relative to the chosen coordinate system), and \tau_{xy}, \tau_{xz},\tau_{yz} the orthogonal shear stresses.
Change of coordinates [edit]
The Cauchy stress tensor obeys the tensor transformation law under a change in the system of coordinates. A graphical representation of this transformation law is the Mohr's circle of stress distribution.
As a symmetric 3×3 real matrix, the stress tensor \boldsymbol{\sigma} has three mutually orthogonal unit-length eigenvectors e_1,e_2,e_3 and three real eigenvalues \lambda_1,\lambda_2,\lambda_3, such that \boldsymbol{\sigma} e_i = \lambda_i e_i. Therefore, in a coordinate system with axes e_1,e_2,e_3, the stress tensor is a diagonal matrix, and has only the three normal components \lambda_1,\lambda_2,\lambda_3 the principal stresses. If the three eigenvalues are equal, the stress is an isotropic compression or tension, always perpendicular to any surface; there is no shear stress, and the tensor is a diagonal matrix in any coordinate frame.
Stress as a tensor field [edit]
In general, stress is not uniformly distributed over a material body, and may vary with time. Therefore the stress tensor must be defined for each point and each moment, by considering an infinitesimal particle of the medium surrounding that point, and taking the average stresses in that particle as being the stresses at the point.
Stress in thin plates [edit]
A tank car made from bent and welded steel plates.
Man-made objects are often made from stock plates of various materials by operations that do not change their essentially two-dimensional character, like cutting, drilling, gentle bending and welding along the edges. The description of stress in such bodies can be simplified by modeling those parts as two-dimensional surfaces rather than three-dimensional bodies.
In that view, one redefines a "particle" as being an infinitesimal patch of the plate's surface, so that the boundary between adjacent particles becomes an infinitesimal line element; both are implicitly extended in the third dimension, straight through the plate. "Stress" is then redefined as being a measure of the internal forces between two adjacent "particles" across their common line element, divided by the length of that line. Some components of the stress tensor can be ignored, but since particles are not infinitesimal in the third dimension one can no longer ignore the torque that a particle applies on its neighbors. That torque is modeled as a bending stress that tends to change the curvature of the plate. However, these simplifications may not hold at welds, at sharp bends and creases (where the radius of curvature is comparable to the thickness of the plate).
Stress in thin beams [edit]
For stress modeling, a fishing pole may be considered one-dimensional.
The analysis of stress can be considerably simplified also for thin bars, beams or wires of uniform (or smoothly varying) composition and cross-section that are subjected to moderate bending and twisting. For those bodies may consider only cross-sections that are perpendicular to the bar's axis, and redefine a "particle" as being a piece of wire with infinitesimal length between two such cross sections. The ordinary stress is then reduced to a scalar (tension or compression of the bar), but one must take into account also a bending stress (that tries to change the bar's curvature, in some direction perpendicular to the axis) and a torsional stress (that tries to twist or un-twist it about its axis).
Other descriptions of stress [edit]
The Cauchy stress tensor is used for stress analysis of material bodies experiencing small deformations where the differences in stress distribution in most cases can be neglected. For large deformations, also called finite deformations, other measures of stress, such as the first and second Piola–Kirchhoff stress tensors, the Biot stress tensor, and the Kirchhoff stress tensor, are required.
Solids, liquids, and gases have stress fields. Static fluids support normal stress but will flow under shear stress. Moving viscous fluids can support shear stress (dynamic pressure). Solids can support both shear and normal stress, with ductile materials failing under shear and brittle materials failing under normal stress. All materials have temperature dependent variations in stress-related properties, and non-Newtonian materials have rate-dependent variations.
Stress analysis [edit]
Stress analysis is a branch of applied physics that covers the determination of the internal distribution of stresses in solid objects. It is an essential tool in engineering for the study and design of structures such as tunnels, dams, mechanical parts, and structural frames, under prescribed or expected loads. It is also important in many other disciplines; for example, in geology, to study phenomena like plate tectonics, vulcanism and avalanches; and in biology, to understand the anatomy of living beings.
Goals and assumptions [edit]
Stress analysis is generally concerned with objects and structures that can be assumed to be in macroscopic static equilibrium. By Newton's laws of motion, any external forces are being applied to such a system must be balanced by internal reaction forces,[7]:p.97 which are almost always surface contact forces between adjacent particles — that is, as stress.[1] Since every particle needs to be in equilibrium, this reaction stress will generally propagate from particle, creating a stress distribution throughout the body.
The typical problem in stress analysis is to determine these internal stresses, given the external forces that are acting on the system. The latter may be body forces (such as gravity or magnetic attraction), that act throughout the volume of a material;[8]:p.42–81 or concentrated loads (such as friction between an axle and a bearing, or the weight of a train wheel on a rail), that are imagined to act over a two-dimensional area, or along a line, or at single point.
In stress analysis one normally disregards the physical causes of the forces or the precise nature of the materials. Instead, one assumes that the stresses are related to deformation (and, in non-static problems, to the rate of deformation) of the material by known constitutive equations.[9]
Methods [edit]
Stress analysis may be carried out experimentally, by applying loads to the actual artifact or to scale model, and measuring the resulting stresses, by any of several available methods. This approach is often used for safety certification and monitoring. However, most stress analysis is done by mathematical methods, especially during design.
The basic stress analysis problem can be formulated by Euler's equations of motion for continuous bodies (which are consequences of Newton's laws for conservation of linear momentum and angular momentum) and the Euler-Cauchy stress principle, together with the appropriate constitutive equations. Thus one obtains a system of partial differential equations involving the stress tensor field and the strain tensor field, as unknown functions to be determined. The external body forces appear as the independent ("right-hand side") term in the differential equations, while the concentrated forces appear as boundary conditions. The basic stress analysis problem is therefore a boundary-value problem.
Stress analysis for elastic structures is based on the theory of elasticity and infinitesimal strain theory. When the applied loads cause permanent deformation, one must use more complicated constitutive equations, that can account for the physical processes involved (plastic flow, fracture, phase change, etc.).
However, engineered structures are usually designed so that the maximum expected stresses are well within the range of linear elasticity (the generalization of Hooke’s law for continuous media); that is, the deformations caused by internal stresses are linearly related to them. In this case the differential equations that define the stress tensor are linear, and the problem becomes much easier. For one thing, the stress at any point will be a linear function of the loads, too. For small enough stresses, even non-linear systems can usually be assumed to be linear.
Simplified model of a truss for stress analysis, assuming unidimensional elements under uniform axial tension or compression.
Stress analysis is simplified when the physical dimensions and the distribution of loads allow the structure to be treated as one- or two-dimensional. In the analysis of trusses, for example, the stress field may be assumed to be uniform and uniaxial over each member. Then the differential equations reduce to a finite set of equations (usually linear) with finitely many unknowns. In other contexts one may be able to reduce the three-dimensional problem to a two-dimensional one, and/or replace the general stress and strain tensors by simpler models like uniaxial tension/compression, simple shear, etc.
Still, for two- or three-dimensional cases one must solve a partial differential equation problem. Anlytical or closed-form solutions to the differential equations can be obtained when the geometry, constitutive relations, and boundary conditions are simple enough. Otherwise one must generally resort to numerical approximations such as the finite element method, the finite difference method, and the boundary element method.
Theoretical background [edit]
The mathematical description of stress is founded on Euler's laws for the motion of continuous bodies. They can be derived from Newton's laws, but may also be taken as axioms describing the motions of such bodies.[10]
Alternative measures of stress [edit]
Other useful stress measures include the first and second Piola–Kirchhoff stress tensors, the Biot stress tensor, and the Kirchhoff stress tensor.
Piola–Kirchhoff stress tensor [edit]
In the case of finite deformations, the Piola–Kirchhoff stress tensors express the stress relative to the reference configuration. This is in contrast to the Cauchy stress tensor which expresses the stress relative to the present configuration. For infinitesimal deformations or rotations, the Cauchy and Piola–Kirchhoff tensors are identical.
Whereas the Cauchy stress tensor, \boldsymbol{\sigma} relates stresses in the current configuration, the deformation gradient and strain tensors are described by relating the motion to the reference configuration; thus not all tensors describing the state of the material are in either the reference or current configuration. Describing the stress, strain and deformation either in the reference or current configuration would make it easier to define constitutive models (for example, the Cauchy Stress tensor is variant to a pure rotation, while the deformation strain tensor is invariant; thus creating problems in defining a constitutive model that relates a varying tensor, in terms of an invariant one during pure rotation; as by definition constitutive models have to be invariant to pure rotations). The 1st Piola–Kirchhoff stress tensor, \boldsymbol{P} is one possible solution to this problem. It defines a family of tensors, which describe the configuration of the body in either the current or the reference state.
The 1st Piola–Kirchhoff stress tensor, \boldsymbol{P} relates forces in the present configuration with areas in the reference ("material") configuration.
\boldsymbol{P} = J~\boldsymbol{\sigma}~\boldsymbol{F}^{-T} ~
where \boldsymbol{F} is the deformation gradient and J= \det\boldsymbol{F} is the Jacobian determinant.
In terms of components with respect to an orthonormal basis, the first Piola–Kirchhoff stress is given by
P_{iL} = J~\sigma_{ik}~F^{-1}_{Lk} = J~\sigma_{ik}~\cfrac{\partial X_L}{\partial x_k}~\,\!
Because it relates different coordinate systems, the 1st Piola–Kirchhoff stress is a two-point tensor. In general, it is not symmetric. The 1st Piola–Kirchhoff stress is the 3D generalization of the 1D concept of engineering stress.
If the material rotates without a change in stress state (rigid rotation), the components of the 1st Piola–Kirchhoff stress tensor will vary with material orientation.
The 1st Piola–Kirchhoff stress is energy conjugate to the deformation gradient.
2nd Piola–Kirchhoff stress tensor [edit]
Whereas the 1st Piola–Kirchhoff stress relates forces in the current configuration to areas in the reference configuration, the 2nd Piola–Kirchhoff stress tensor \boldsymbol{S} relates forces in the reference configuration to areas in the current configuration. The force in the reference configuration is obtained via a mapping that preserves the relative relationship between the force direction and the area normal in the current configuration.
\boldsymbol{S} = J~\boldsymbol{F}^{-1}\cdot\boldsymbol{\sigma}\cdot\boldsymbol{F}^{-T} ~.
In index notation with respect to an orthonormal basis,
S_{IL}=J~F^{-1}_{Ik}~F^{-1}_{Lm}~\sigma_{km} = J~\cfrac{\partial X_I}{\partial x_k}~\cfrac{\partial X_L}{\partial x_m}~\sigma_{km} \!\,\!
This tensor is symmetric.
If the material rotates without a change in stress state (rigid rotation), the components of the 2nd Piola–Kirchhoff stress tensor remain constant, irrespective of material orientation.
The 2nd Piola–Kirchhoff stress tensor is energy conjugate to the Green–Lagrange finite strain tensor.
See also [edit]
Further reading [edit]
References [edit]
1. ^ a b I-Shih Liu (2002), "Continuum Mechanics". Springer ISBN 3-540-43019-9
2. ^ Wai-Fah Chen and Da-Jian Han (2007), "Plasticity for Structural Engineers". J. Ross Publishing ISBN 1-932159-75-4
3. ^ Peter Chadwick (1999), "Continuum Mechanics: Concise Theory and Problems". Dover Publications, series "Books on Physics". ISBN 0-486-40180-4. pages
4. ^ (2009) The art of making glass. Lamberts Glashütte (LambertsGlas) product brochure. Accessed on 2013-02-08.
5. ^ a b c Ronald L. Huston and Harold Josephs (2009), "Practical Stress Analysis in Engineering Design". 3rd edition, CRC Press, 634 pages. ISBN 9781574447132
6. ^ Walter D. Pilkey, Orrin H. Pilkey (1974), "Mechanics of solids" (book)
7. ^ Donald Ray Smith and Clifford Truesdell (1993) "An Introduction to Continuum Mechanics after Truesdell and Noll". Springer. ISBN 0-7923-2454-4
8. ^ Fridtjov Irgens (2008), "Continuum Mechanics". Springer. ISBN 3-540-74297-2
9. ^ Slaughter
10. ^ Jacob Lubliner (2008). "Plasticity Theory" (revised edition). Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-46290-0
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Android-based Ouya console is hackable and free-to-play
Los Angeles-based company Ouya is developing a $99 Android console that will be "built to be hacked" and feature games that are free to play.
Each console will be a self-contained dev kit, and the publishing model will stay closer to mobile and social games than traditional home gaming.
Ouya signed Yves Behar (designer of One Laptop Per Child) and other advisors, including former Microsoft VP Ed Fries and Amazon Kindle's Muffi Ghadiali, to help with the project.
[The Verge]
Tags: Ouya, Android, Yves Behar
Anonymous User
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Understanding Video Terms
Home Theater Feature Articles Video Related Articles
Written by Mike Levy
Thursday, 01 September 2005
AV Education on RHT
Understanding Video Terms
Written by Mike Levy
General Video TermsTypes of Video DisplaysAdvanced Terms
ScreensVideo Maladies
eneral Video Terms
Contrast is the difference in brightness between dark and light parts of the screen.
Contrast Ratio is measured by comparing the brightest white to the darkest black available on a screen. This is not the same as the contrast control, which alters the level of white on the screen.
Brightness is the absolute light output of a screen. This should not be confused with the brightness control, which adjusts the level of black on a screen.
Tint is color balance. Most tint controls allow you to adjust the red/blue levels.
Black Level is the darkest black on the screen; it can be altered by the brightness controls.
Absolute Black is the level of black when all lights are off and the power is off.
Gray Scale is the reproduction of various levels of light output. A well-defined gray scale will have many levels of gray from black to white and look continuous.
RGB simply stands for Red, Green and Blue, the primary colors of the video world. An RGB connection sends each color separately.
ypes of Video Displays
CRT Stands for Cathode Ray Tube, utilized by the ancient old-style vacuum tube TVs.
DLP stands for Digital Light Processing, and is a proprietary name for the micro-mirror imaging chips made by Texas Instruments.
D-ILA Stands for Digital Image Light Amplification and is a proprietary name for the JVC version of reflective LCD panels.
LCOS stands for Liquid Crystal Oxides on Silicon, which is another method of creating reflective LCD projectors.
Plasma is a gas of ionized particles, used in flat panel sets to create light.
LCD stands for Liquid Crystal Display. Polarized liquid crystals of Silicon are electro-statically controlled to variably block light and create an image.
Big Screen is a much-maligned term. Anything over 32 inches is considered a big screen, but in my mind, a big screen is one that is so large it dominates the room it is in. Rear-projection TVs are often called big screens at retailers.
Analog Projector is the old-school, three-tube CRT type of video projectors.
Digital Projector is any projector that cuts the picture up into individually accessed pixels. All digital projectors presently use an imaging chip and a bulb.
ore Advanced Terms
Throw Distance is the ratio of the width or diagonal of a screen to the distance a particular projector must be placed from that screen. It is essential to know the throw distance of a projector before you purchase one, so that you can determine if and where it will fit into your theater.
Keystone is the angling of the sides of the image, so that one end is narrower or wider than the other. You adjust a keystone control on a projector until the sides are parallel to each other.
Gamma is the control of gray scale light values. A true gamma is linear, but most display devices have several gammas available to allow the user to adjust the dynamics of the image.
Video Screen: The screen is presently used as the generic name for where the image is displayed. It originally meant the white surface onto which a movie was projected.
Gray Screen: Gray screens are used to increase the black level on digitally projected images. These are popular with some DLP and LCD projectors.
Roll-Down Screen: A roll-down screen is automated to unfurl on command. Roll-down screens definitely add “wow” factor in any home theater.
Perforated Screen: The movie industry standard is a perforated screen through which the sound passes. The holes are small enough to allow most of the light to be reflected, but large enough to allow most of the sound through. Perf screens are not too common in home theater applications, unless the system very large in scale.
Fixed Screen is a permanently installed screen.
Painted Screen is a screen that is actually painted on a wall surface or board that is suitable for video reproduction. This is the most cost-effective screen.
Masking is the use of black to block out the screen at its edges.
Auto-Masking is when the masking for different aspect ratios is programmed into a display unit so it can be done automatically.
Aspect Ratio is the ratio of the width to the height of any screen. 4:3 is the standard for traditional TV, which is squarer. 16x9 is the most common, more rectangular image found in movie and home theaters.
Widescreen refers to any screen with an aspect ratio greater than 4x3.
4x3 is more square shape of traditional NTSC televisions. 4:3 is being quickly replaced by HDTVs, but unfortunately, much of the content created today is still in 4:3. This requires many HDTV users to zoom or squeeze their picture to fit their more rectangular 16x9 TVs.
16x9 is the HDTV aspect ratio common for movies. There are other aspect ratios that are used but are normally slight variations of the 16x9 format. These more obscure aspect ratios show up as black lines over and under the image.
Anamorphic Screen: This is a set-up available on DVD sources where, rather than losing the detail available in the 4x3 image when viewing a 16x9 movie, the movie is put on the DVD using all of the vertical detail. The image is then squeezed down to 16x9 by the display device.
ideo Maladies
Moire (or Moray) Pattern is a pattern of lines and colors caused by defects in decoding small details.
Dot Crawl is when a small detail on an image moves between two pixels, jumping from one to the other, rather than moving smoothly. This is caused by an image that is small enough relative to the pixel density of the display device to jog between pixels.
Rainbow Effect is a video artifact that looks like a rainbow, caused by defects in the analog decoding of the color information.
Convergence is the bringing together of the red, green and blue images to create full color at any point on the screen. The convergence is correct when a white dot shows no hint of color anywhere on the screen.
Blooming is caused by poorly controlled power supplies on CRT display devices. The effect looks like bright images expanding in size.
Fluorescent Colors are oversaturated colors that are caused by poorly set display devices or nonstandard primary colors.
Hot Spots are areas on the screen that are brighter than the rest of the screen.
This list of often confusing or misunderstood terms should set a base of knowledge for you to be able to talk video with the geekiest of geeks at your local retailer. If you were to set down a list of definitions of these terms in front of many AV salespeople, it’s likely you might know more terms than they do.
Remember video is like computers in that there will always be the next latest-and-greatest format. The time to pull the trigger is when you find a picture that you can live with for a good number of years at a price you can afford. Changing out your TV or projector every six months is too costly for even the most rabid videophile. Make sure you get the brightest, highest contrast and overall most lifelike-looking video display you can afford and you simply cannot go wrong.
4x3 Brightness Fluorescent Colors Painted Screen
16x9 Contrast Gamma Perforated Screen
Absolute Black Contrast Ratio Gray Scale Plasma
Analog Projector Convergence Gray Screen Rainbow Effect
Anamorphic Screen CRT Hot Spots RGB
Aspect Ratio D-ILA Keystone Roll-Down Screen
Auto-Masking Digital Projector LCD Throw Distance
Big Screen DLP LCOS Tint
Black Level Dot Crawl Masking Video Screen
Blooming Fixed Screen Moire Widescreen
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The Global Urbanist
News and analysis of cities around the world
Seeking a global urban agenda: The Global Urbanist Debates
The Global Urbanist Debates: Setting the Global Urban Agenda was held in London last week. Who sets the global urban agenda? What are the world's urban priorities? What should they be? Three international experts and a roomful of readers battled out these questions and more.
Cities: Tokyo, London
Topics: Property and rights, Private sector governance, City politics, Property and real estate, Poverty and inequality, International governance, International development
From left to right, Yusaf Samiullah speaks to the topic 'Setting the Global Urban Agenda' at the inaugural 'The Global Urbanist Debates' in London, as Alan Gilbert, Geoffrey Payne and Kerwin Datu listen on. Photo: Rowan Hand
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Last Monday in London, The Global Urbanist invited three speakers as well as a roomful of urbanists to discuss the topic of the global urban agenda. It was the first in what we hope will become a series of events in which professional members of the global urban development community discuss issues of fundamental importance to all urban areas.
Speaking were three intellectual leaders in their respective sectors: Professor Alan Gilbert, Emeritus Professor of Geography at University College London, an expert on urbanisation and poverty in Latin America and South Africa; Dr. Yusaf Samiullah OBE, former Deputy Director and Head of Profession (Infrastructure) at the United Kingdom Department for International Development (DfID) and now operating independently through Y&D International Consulting; and Geoffrey Payne, Director of Geoffrey Payne & Associates, consultants renowned in the fields of housing, land rights, and urban policy. The evening was supported by the development NGO Article 25 and the architectural office Pringle Brandon.
We asked them a handful of simple questions about the management of cities. Who sets the global urban agenda? What is it? What about it should change? Their responses were each unexpected in some way, precisely targeting the structure of urban politics common to most cities and the framework of international cooperation that intervenes within them.
How could the Chinese be so daft as to get rid of all those lovely bicycles in order to have traffic congestion, to pollute their air? It's a lobby ...
Who sets the global urban agenda? What is it?
Gilbert argued that with urban areas accounting for 3.5 billion people, the idea of a coherent global urban agenda is about as nebulous as a global agenda per se. There cannot be one agenda because, for example, "London's needs are very different to Addis Ababa's".
Samiullah disagreed on this point, suggesting that "the human condition is common to all of us. We all want to see our children outlive us; we want them to get a reasonable education and employment, we want a roof over our heads in our old age, we want to be free from persecution and threats," and that these common threads run throughout the urban agenda. Samiullah pointed to 19th century Tokyo, a landscape with rail lines, commercial streets, and rickshaws, just like 21st century London, which now has bicycle rickshaws peddling (!) along Oxford Street. "There's a basic framework that exists from the 19th through to the 21st century."
On the specifics of the agenda, Gilbert proposed that many cities are doing similar things, not because of a common agenda, but because powerful lobbies operate in each sector pushing for the same programmes. "Why are so many governments around the world pushing for home ownership? It's because the real estate lobby prefers home ownership to rental housing. It's more profitable, it's easier to make money out of, because you make money out of the land and the building, and often the financing as well."
Gilbert continued, "big cities are supposed to have underground railways. Why? Because the French and Spanish companies that have experience in building underground railways are pushing very hard for these things to be done. 'Every city with more than three million people has an underground these days, what sort of city are you that hasn't?' they argue."
Similar sector-based lobbies push for the privatisation of water infrastructure, and for the expansion of a city's private car fleet. "How could the Chinese be so daft as to get rid of all those lovely bicycles in order to have traffic congestion, to pollute their air? It's a lobby there as well."
What gets left out, according to Gilbert, are policies addressing urban poverty and inequality, policies for unemployment, for the very old and the very young, and for the physical environment.
Payne agreed when it comes to urban poverty: "It seems that in many countries, the elites are either in denial, or they're anti poor. A permanent secretary once said to me, 'I've been listening very patiently, but if we help improve living conditions for the urban poor, we'll only attract more of them.'" Payne had to explain that their policies had adopted exactly that attitude for the past thirty years and it hadn't stopped them coming, so perhaps they should embrace the inevitable and help the poor.
"We're looking at a situation where the established urban populations have got it nicely sorted for themselves, and of course want servants and the facilities and services that the poor provide, but don't actually want the poor that provide them. This forces the poor into the very situations that the elites are concerned about. We're forcing the poor into situations by neglect or unsympathetic, inappropriate policies, and then they become the scapegoats or the victims."
What is the role of the international institutions?
Gilbert and Payne were both more sympathetic to the World Bank than a lot of urbanists can be. Gilbert believed that "they do try, and I think genuinely, to convey best practice, but most of it is ignored by governments unless it happens to be locally conveniently. Most important however, the big countries of the world where it is the most important to follow the better teachings of the World Bank, ignore it. China, Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, India, basically ignore the Bank and increasingly do not borrow from it, because it no longer gives better deals than the commercial banks, and even worse, makes a fuss that governments do certain things [policy-wise]. Most of the bigger countries have realised that the World Bank needs them more than they need the World Bank."
Payne had much to say about donors such as DfID. Speaking out of sadness rather than anger, he said that "DfID is suffering from institutional Alzheimers - it's even forgotten the good things it used to do." It has gone away from funding lots of small research projects, preferring to fund massive research projects involving large consortia of research teams for three to five years. "What is going to come out of a three million pound research project compared to ten projects of £300,000 or a hundred projects of £30,000?"
Payne argued that "donors have relied far too much on simplistic solutions to complex problems." He discussed the example of land titling, much promoted by Peruvian economist Hernando de Soto, in which giving poor families formal title to the land they live in "is supposed to enliven their dead capital." Payne declared that "we have not found any significant evidence that it gives any significant access to credit. For the very simple reason that for any financial institution with integrity, the first question is, 'can you pay the loan back?' Only if it can answer that question does the question of collateral come into it."
Payne "worries about how the donor community defines value for money." Samiullah agrees, "it's going to be ever so hard to get the money to deal with urban areas, because the impacts are too hard to measure."
Samiullah advised that one of the best things the international sector can do, especially in the face of the lobbies Gilbert described, is to "help countries negotiate better deals with those who have the money." He noted Chinese investments in Africa, where countries had not simply ignored the World Bank but had struck deals that suited them better. He worried that some countries weren't well enough advised to do a good deal, and that this may be what undermines the developmental potential of those projects.
This can be at the community or individual level as well. NGOs working at the grassroots can help broker better deals for individuals, for example in infrastructure projects. "It is generally politicians who are unwilling to charge for basic services, rather than people who are unwilling to pay, in my experience. Actually they're already paying, sometimes 3, 4, 5, 6 times more than they should do, to some intermediary providing water in unsanitary containers." This is one place where the international sector can step in and help structure better deals to finance service delivery.
On the intellectual side of the institutions, Payne hoped that "UN-HABITAT will move away from merely justifying their existence with report after report." And Gilbert suggested that "for every best practice published, there should be a worst practice as well. What did they do, why was it such a disaster, and please don't try to repeat it!"
The role of politics
In the end urban policy is a question of politics. Gilbert can see little change happening other than through the steady improvement of democratic processes. "It helps if you vote for decent prime ministers, mayors, etc.; there's some hope that well-directed protests will influence people; and I hope that education has a benefit, but I suspect that once my students get into the real world they change their thinking to promote their own careers, rather than what I hope they really believe in," he chuckles.
Payne argued that "because 'urban' is political, because land is political, and because urban land is particularly political, people are wary of working in the urban sector." He advises policymakers and practitioners to "by all means, be careful, but be risk aware, not risk averse."
He proposes a "political economy approach", in which one identifies which groups will benefit from any proposed change, which groups would be inert or resistant, and to structure projects to address the legitimate concerns that resistant groups will have." The international community needs to "encourage the professions to work together, and encourage local authorities to learn from each other. The ones that are doing well need to mentor the others."
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category: Minutes
SGA minutes from January 25, 2012
February 9th, 2012 – by ane433
Eastern Mennonite University
Student Government Association Senate Agenda
25th of January 2012
Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm.
-Ralph Waldo Emerson
1. Call to Order
2. Roll call/Prayer
3. Approval of Minutes
4. Announcements
1. Funding Request- Peace Fellowship
1. Committee reporting
1. Erika- Strategic Planning Council
1. Elias- QEP
1. Old Business
1. Over viewing Sub-committees
2. Campus Improvement
3. The Encouragement Committee
7. Student Lecture Series
8. Transitions/Enrollment
9. [SGA] Website Enhancement
1. New Business
1. Faculty Panel
1. SGA Dinner
1. Walk for Hope
1. Open Floor
Minutes from January 18, 2012
January 25th, 2012 – by ane433
Eastern Mennonite University
SGA meeting January 18, 2012
1. Call to Order
2. Roll Call/Prayer
3. Approval of Minutes
4. Announcements
1. Distribution of Binders
i. Erika and Hannah gave binders to new senators
1. Sign-ups
1. Explanation of Documents by Exec
1. Committee Reporting
1. Sam
1. Old Business
2. New Business
3. Open Floor
4. Adjournment
Minutes from December 7, 2011
January 21st, 2012 – by ane433
Eastern Mennonite University
Student Government Association Senate
7th of December 2011
— Ralph Nichols
1. Call to Order
2. Roll Call/Prayer
3. Announcements- Late Night Pancakes: Dec. 14 @ 10-11
4. Committee Reporting
1. Library Task Force- Brandon
1. The library staff has been having meetings about ways to make the library more accessible and updated for students. They have been visiting other libraries and getting ideas. They are currently trying to get some money secured to potentially do some renovations. Some big ideas within a 2-4 year period are creating a computer nook (where the magazines are), moving the circulation desk to the middle so that it’s located right when you walk in, make it more user-friendly, etc. They are asking for students to give them more ideas about what they’d like to see changed (ideas can be given to Brandon).
5. Old Business
1. SGA Constitutional Amendment
1. Sam Kauffman prepared an amendment that he would like to take to a vote. If it passes the senate (it must have a 2/3 vote of the Senate to pass), it will go on to the student body. The amendment says that the “qualifications may be waived by a two-thirds vote of the Senate” and Brandon asked if that means that people who have not served on SGA, but who want to run for president must come to the SGA with 82 signatures and a proposal. It was proposed that amendment specifies that the person has served for an entire semester (so that someone who was dismissed for too many absences/did not complete their term cannot run). Erica Babikow attended the meeting and shared that she thinks there are more negative repercussions from the proposed amendment than positives. She believes that it limits the pool of candidates quite severely. She said that perhaps we could consider adding something else, such as requiring a longer transition period between presidents. Nels has also heard the suggestion to have a presidential debate prior to elections to add credibility. Sam made a motion to vote on the following amendment proposal: “The President or Co-Presidents must have served previously on the Senate or Executive Committee” with “for at least one semester” added at the end. There was not a second so the motion was dead.
2. Fitness Center Music
1. Hannah Schrock and Nels have been in contact with John Wilson and Marty Edes about the music issue at the fitness center. John told Hannah that she needs to come and speak to him in person about having a sign put up in the fitness center saying that people can request a change in music (if they are offended). Hannah does not have the energy to follow up with John so she and Nels are asking if anyone else would like to this on. No one volunteered.
3. WeatherVane & Shen Collaboration
1. Brandon reported that a lot of people have had interest in taking pictures/helping out with the Shen. There will be a meeting on Monday at 5:30 to inform people about helping out with the Shen. James will put an announcement in the Friday announcements about the meeting.
6. VII. New Business
1. Mennonite Writing Conference- Kirsten Beachy
1. Will be held at EMU (for the first time) at the end of March (March 29-April 1). Several Mennonite dignitaries and students from other Mennonite colleges will be attending and several of the events will be public. It will also include workshops for attendees. Last year Kirsten came to SGA to ask for ideas of events for the conference and to ask about potential funding. They are expecting about 200 registrants as well as a number of people from the local area to attend. Classes will not be cancelled across the board at EMU, but some professors may require students to attend in the place of class. Kirsten presented the costs of each event and speaker and is asking for any amount of funding that SGA is willing to contribute (SGA sponsorship of an event is an option). She would like to know soon if we can help contribute funds to the Spoken Word poetry workshop speaker (Ivaco) or the coffeehouse.
1. Senators felt like this was a very important event to support. James suggested sponsoring the Spoken Word workshop. Becca suggested funding the featured writers. Nels suggested using the funds for the Student Lecture Series ($3000) and Katie suggested cutting that in half so that there is still money left in the fund (in case SGA decides to bring someone in for the SLS). Hannah made a motion to support the SGA sponsored coffeehouse and Spoken word poetry workshop (~$500) and also give $1000 to the Mennonite Writing Conference. Joel Choi seconded. Motion approved unanimously.
7. Open Floor
8. Adjournment Dan Sigmans moved to adjourn. Katie Landis seconded.
Next Meeting: TBD, if requests come in. If we do have a meeting, it will be in UC 211/212 at 9 pm
Minutes from Nov. 30, 2011
December 9th, 2011 – by ane433
Eastern Mennonite University
Student Government Association Senate
30th of November 2011
You are made into the image of what you desire.
—Thomas Merton
1. Call to Order
2. Roll Call/Prayer
3. Approval of Minutes passed unanimously
4. Announcements
1. Late Night Pancakes- Dec. 14 @ 10-11
1. James sent around a sign up sheet for people to sign up for roles at the late night breakfast.
5. Committee Reporting
1. QEPIT- Elias
1. Talked about Jim Ball who is coming to speak this week and about whether expecting sustainability to be part of courses is too much of an add-on/hassle for classes.
2. Union of Student Organizations
1. A Christmas bash is happening next Thursday as a collaboration of several clubs.
6. Old Business
1. SGA Constitutional Amendment
1. Nels said that people he talked to felt it would be elitist and that it would limit the student voice. Several others said they received words of support for such an amendment. Hannah Schrock looked up JMU’s constitution and they had no qualifications for president other than requiring them to have been at JMU for two years and to be in good academic standing. James said people he talked to had felt surprised that there wasn’t a requirement already in place for candidates for president to have served on SGA for a semester. Sam said he will write a potential amendment and will bring it to the next senate meeting to be voted on.
7. New Business
1. Funding Request- Josh Kanagy and Christine Baer
1. Several clubs are proposing having an all-student Christmas bash in order to promote more inter-club mingling. It’s being planned for Wednesday, Dec 7. They are requesting $100 for supplies. They are expecting a lot of people since so many clubs are involved/lots of advertising. Hannah Schrock made a motion to give Earthkeepers, SFI, Safe Space, Peace Fellowship, TCK, and the Bike Co-op the full amount requested ($100) for the Christmas Bash. Dan Sigmans seconded. Motion passed unanimously.
2. Student Debt Forum
1. Jacqueline Painter from Everence FCU came to talk to SGA about student debt—she would like to bring a student debt forum to EMU to discuss this issue (tell students about ways to handle debt/know their loan options/address issues, concerns). She gave out packets with various loan options such as Sally May and told us about the scholarship through Everence that is available to students. She wanted us to give her feedback about whether a forum would be of interest to the student body. Senators mostly expressed affirmation about the idea. James moved that SGA support the student debt forum. Sam Kauffman seconded the motion. Motion passed unanimously.
3. Book Swap- Ben
1. Ben Bailey would like to start a book swap of some kind on campus. He said advertising is very important since this kind of event will need a lot of people to attend to make it worth it. He and Katie Landis are asking for SGA to adopt this event in order to make it successful. There are already people in place willing to do the work; they mainly need publicity (posters, all-student email, etc). Katie emailed Daryl Burt, VP for Finance, and asked about the legality of this type of event and said there are no problems. Kat asked how payment would work between students. Ben said that it would be a free market place and, while they will be there to give guidance, students will mostly be able to name prices for the books they are selling. He also explained that the area would be divided up into departments to provide some organization. The proposed date is the first Tuesday of the new semester.
8. Open Floor
1. Becca Longenecker went to an Intellectual Life Committee meeting where they discussed having a theme next year that can be tied into courses. One theme proposed was “creativity.”
2. Ken reminded the senate about the student recognition chapel next Wednesday.
3. Kat reported that she met with Phys Plant told them about the suggestions we’d made to improve lighting. They are going to check those places and see if they have the budget to add lighting in some of those areas. They will get back to us.
4. Ken reported that the Crisis Management Preparedness Team met and wants some feedback on the option of having an hour-long workshop on how to avoid an assault. One of the security guards would be able to do this workshop as soon as next week. Hannah Schrock said she thinks it’s a great idea/greatly needed, but that there may not be a huge turnout if it is held next week. She suggested waiting until after break. Ken said that it is an option for there to be two workshops: one next week and one after break. Ken said he will send this information on to Eldon Kurtz.
5. Ken said that he met with Steve Johnson about the possibility of having the Shen tied to an academic dept. The problem is that the funding would not be able to come from a dept, it would have to come from student fees. This is similar to how it used to be. It’s possible that Kirsten Beachy could oversee both the Shen and the Weather Vane, but she is only willing if SGA is willing to help find dynamic student leadership for it. The university has the funds to pay for six work-study students and two co-editors (who do not have to be work study). However, additional money (and quite a significant amount of money) would be required if a faculty member were to oversee the Shen (as opposed to an adjunct). Senators were mostly supportive of this possibility. Ken said that one change would be having everyone get their picture taken in the registration line to ensure that everyone’s picture is included. Alli Eanes made a motion to support this strategy to save the Shen and to delegate to the appropriate committee (Shen improvement committee). James seconded the motion. Motion passed.
6. Nels proposed having a Christmas party during the second half of the meeting next week. He said that if anyone is interested in putting something together they can send him an email.
9. Adjournment Hannah Schrock made a motion to adjourn the meeting. Elias seconded.
Next Meeting: 7 December 2011 at 9 pm in UC 211/212
SGA minutes from Nov. 16, 2011
November 30th, 2011 – by ane433
Eastern Mennonite University
Student Government Association Senate
16th of November 2011
-George Sheehan
1. Call to Order
2. Roll Call/Prayer
3. Approval of Minutes approved unanimously
4. Announcements
5. Committee Reporting
1. Commons Council- Louise
• (A committee in charge of the commons). Talked about potentially putting security cameras in art gallery, doing something about deteriorating bball courts, issue with bikes parked in hallways (fire hazard)
1. SPC- Nels & Brandon
• Talked about enrollment goals for EMU/how to retain more students, finance situation
1. Healthy Community Council
• Louise and Becca Longenecker- today was the final summit. Organized biggest health issues into priorities by voting, had rep for each issue (teen pregnancy, obesity, healthy relationships, etc.), created action committees.
1. New Business
1. Ultimate Frisbee Club Constitution
1. Suggestions were made for the improvement of their constitution as they are applying to be an official club.
2. SGA Constitution Revisions
1. The exec noticed that senate’s current constitutions do not include the following change:
1. For Article III Section 1E1b. The old amendment says “…at least two”, the revised amendment says “…one”
2. The exec suggests that an amendment is added requiring someone running for president to have been on SGA for at least one semester. Discussion ensued about this proposed amendment. Most senators felt that it was a fair requirement. People said that if someone is not willing to put in the time of being on the senate for a semester then they should not run for president. Also, people feared that without a requirement right now someone could run as a joke and win. There was discussion about whether or not co-presidents should both have to meet this requirement. The discussion is being tabled so that senators can ask peers what they think of this potential amendment. We will discuss it again in two weeks.
3. Brandon suggested that voting in elections only happens online since people can technically vote twice if they can vote in the Campus Center and online. Nels said that it is already decided that [only] online voting is going to be the process from now on.
3. Semester projects/goals
1. Justin suggested that we get the Washington Post back in the caf (right now it’s just the DNR). James moved to ask Bruce to bring the Washington Post back to the caf. Katie Landis seconded. Motion approved.
2. Elias asked about getting an updated constitution up on the SGA website as well as adding a forum on the SGA website where students could write ideas/proposals/requests, etc.
3. Hannah Patterson suggested sending out an all student email telling the students that main dorm lounges are accessible 24/day with swipe cards.
4. Nels suggested sending a note of condolence to JMU SGA in light of the recent accident and death of a JMU student (and also for the other couple JMU students who died this semester).
5. Katie Landis- Ben Bailey asked her to suggest having a textbook fair at the beginning of next semester. He is asking for someone on SGA to work with him to figure out logistics and/or for SGA support. Dan Sigmans said that he’d help out. Katie is going to find out if SGA can officially support this type of endeavor.
6. Kat is meeting with some Phys plant reps about lighting on campus. Specifically the lack of lighting by the side of the library (by the stairs that go down by the CJP entrance), the lower entrance of Common Grounds, between Maplewood and Parkwood Rd., by Hillside coming up from the parking lot to the front entrance and on the sidewalk walking from Northlawn to Hillside (by the Roselawn parking lot/behind the Art Center).
2. Open Floor
1. Hannah Patterson emailed RedBox- they said you must be a business to get a RedBox, but told her she can send in an application. (It was suggested to put one by the bookstore since it’s a business).
2. A student asked Hannah Patterson to talk to professors about updating grades on Moodle. We told her to have that student talk to her professor directly.
3. Ken gave stats about tuition rates at other institutions compared to EMU’s.
3. Adjournment Dan Sigmans moved to adjourn. Alli Eanes seconded.
Next Meeting: 30 November 2011 at 9 pm in UC 211/212
Minutes from November 9, 2011
November 17th, 2011 – by ane433
Eastern Mennonite University
Student Government Association Senate
9th of November 2011
-Mahatma Gandhi
1. Call to Order
2. Roll Call/Prayer
3. Approval of Minutes approved
4. Announcements
1. Executive Elections
5. Committee Reporting
1. Campus Ministries Committee- Kari
i. Brenda Matthews came to campus for Spiritual Life Week and they received good feedback from those chapels. Talkback spaces are not quiet enough so maybe they should be moved in the future. Keith Graber-Miller came and got conversation going on campus. They thought about the idea of a sexuality class. There was also the suggestion of a woman and man to talk about sexuality next year. And also, the persistent issue of trying to get more students to attend chapel.
1. Sam Undergrad Council
i. Guest for the meeting was John Yoder from Lancaster campus of EMU. He talked about expanding and developing Lancaster’s undergrad programs. Most of Lancaster’s classes concentrate on Master’s and adult degree completion programs. There was also discussion about EMU and Lancaster community college and a dual enrollment program. Also there could be a dual enrollment program with Conestoga and Christopher Dock Mennonite High Schools. There is a new proposed major in writing. It is not approved yet but was recommended for approval. There is also a one credit course in wisdom with peer teachers that will happen in the spring. The group of students was very organized in their proposal for the class. Course will likely be offered in the Spring.
1. New Business
1. Joel Nofziger- Yearbook Discussion
1. Joel talked about the main problem with Yearbook: lack of content. He proposed using content from WeatherVane to put content in the Yearbook. Supplementing it with that year’s pictures and cross-cultural reflections/pictures would be good.
2. Ken said: It’s always a scramble to try to put the yearbook together in May. We need new ideas for how to incentivize people to get their pictures taken.
3. Questions about crediting the authors/photographers were raised but Joel N. said it would be easy to take care of.
4. Ken said a new group is forming that will take on the Yearbook for this year. The old advisor has resigned.
5. The proposal was generally well accepted by senators. Budget for the Yearbook is lower than it was three years ago when it was under the umbrella of VACA. So there are budgetary constraints that lead to less quality and size.
6. Katie said the main problem is not with content, it is with effort. It is really hard to care. She said that it is important to have the yearbook going throughout the year, not just at the end of the spring.
7. Hannah P. said that her high school made a requirement that events had summaries. But Brandon said there would be logistical problems with getting people to actually do that.
8. Jacob suggested the possibility of having VACA be enlisted to help, including academic credit in exchange for helping on Yearbook.
9. Ken said connections to departments would be great. Those connections used to exist; now they do not. That may be a reason for its recent declining quality.
10. Brandon made a motion that the SGA Yearbook committee will go to VACA and English departments to further investigate issues with the Shen. Hannah S. seconded. Passed Unanimously.
2. Competitive Cheerleaders’ Constitution
i. James handed out constitution to be reviewed by senators. Advisor is the cross-country coach’s wife. Time was taken to read over the constitution. Points of review were made at:
1. Change the word ballet to ballot under article 5
2. Consistent in punctuation of the word “co-captain.”
3. Clarification was discussed about captain and co-captain leadership roles and about the actual use of terms. Hannah S. thought that the captain should be voted on (refer to article 5 and article 4).
4. Becca said Article 2, 4th line is unrealistic.
5. Clarification of “summer camp”.
6. Is the club open or is it skill-based? A max of 20 people?
7. They can be a club, but it is doubtful they will be able to receive SGA funding because it is based on being a club-team.
8. It would be helpful to know what exactly they are planning on spending (with help from SGA or not).
9. Becca said: Amendments should be able to be proposed by all members.
10. James said he would pass along recommendations to the prospective club.
11. Funding Request- Peace Fellowship
1. Peace Fellowship is organizing its annual trip to the School of Americas protest. They requested a total of $500 to cover transportation costs. Katie asked what the SOA was and Josh Kanagy gave an overview of what the organization is and what the protest is about. There are 12 students going and the group already has 2 vans to use. Hannah S. asked how PF will return the information to the campus from the protest. Kiersten said that the group will most likely write a WeatherVane article or hold a presentation in CG on the protest. Katie asked how much the individuals are going to pay. Kiersten said no more than $20 each. Ken mentioned that the group would have to spend $1800 if the group rented vans from EMU.
2. Becca made a motion to give $500 with a suggestion to publicize the experience. Hannah S. seconded. 2 opposed. 10 approved. 1 abstained. Motion passed.
3. Semester projects/goals- tabled
4. Healthy Community Council Rep.
1. Nov. 15th @ 8- 10:30 in VMRC Detwiler Auditorium
2. James explained what exactly the group was, which basically came down to community development. Becca said she would be able to attend. Louise also said she would be willing to attend. James mentioned that Nels and him would also be willing to attend.
12. Open Floor
1. Darian Harnish came in to make a motion from the student body to make an amendment to the constitution which consisted of the attached paper titled “MEMO.” The recommendation came with 89 signatures. Darian said the purpose of this would be toward student involvement and merit of candidates. Becca recommended that the posting of platforms on the voting website (whatever that might be) would be a good idea.
1. James brought the amendment to a vote. It was passed unanimously.
2. Ken said the motion is not yet in the constitution and mentioned the process it has to go in which can take WEEKS. Darian recommended the process be carried out in this election even though it is not technically in the constitution yet.
2. Jacob apologized for not bringing snack.
3. Louise reminded everyone of the Interfaith Dialogue.
13. Adjournment Brandon made a motion to adjourn. Joel Choi seconded.
Next Meeting: 16 November 2011 at 9 pm in UC 211/212
Minutes from October 26, 2011
November 2nd, 2011 – by ane433
Eastern Mennonite University
Student Government Association Senate
26th of October 2011
-Walter C. Hagen
1. Call to Order
2. Roll Call/Prayer
3. Approval of Minutes passed unanimously
4. Announcements
5. Old Business
1. Suicide Awareness Walk
1. Susie Hostetler came to speak to us on behalf of CoachLink. She gave us more details about the Suicide Awareness Walk. The event will be collaborative with both JMU and Bridgewater. There will be a meeting on Friday (Oct. 31) and they are hoping to have several EMU students involved in the planning/meetings, mainly so that the word is spread around campus to other students. There are several events being planned before the walk to create extra awareness of suicide prevention on EMU’s campus (such as a chapel and a workshop). They are hoping for the support of SGA, perhaps a rep to attend meetings, if possible. They are happy to have SGA cosponsor the event, if there is interest. Kat Georing said that she will go to the meeting on Friday, but she cannot continue to go in the spring since she will be gone.
2. Idea Drive
1. Brandon wrote out a list of all the ideas presented by students. He encouraged senators who are already on committees related to any of these ideas to bring them up at meetings.
6. New Business
1. Funding Request- EarthKeepers
1. Katie Janzen, copresident of Earthkeepers, presented—they are requesting funds for a weekend event about mountain top removal. They need funding to cover the minimum for registration (which includes meals and activities/workshops) and transportation (the total amount requested is $730). People may have to contribute some funds if necessary, but some of the people going have said that it will be very difficult for them to attend if they have to pay anything. When they come back they will put together an event, presenting what they learned during the weekend and how it affects EMU. Discussion ensued: some senators were concerned about the large amount requested. Katie Landis pointed out that if every person going contributes $20, SGA could provide $550 and the entire cost would be covered. James explained that part of the reason why they are requesting so much is because they are being forced to use an EMU vehicle (no one could drive). Brandon asked if EarthKeepers could use some of their own funds and Hannah and James pointed out that their budget is pretty tight this year. Katie Landis moved to approve the funding request at a decreased amount, $550. Joel Choi seconded the motion. Motion #1 passed.
2. Funding Request- Third Culture Kids Club
1. Melody and Tim came back and presented a little more about what a TCK is. Melody shared that the purpose for the club is to be a resource for TCK’s on campus and students going overseas (and transitions between cultures) and they have meals each month to share with each other. They are having a smaller event/meal this Saturday (Oct. 30), but afterwards will be writing a Weather Vane article, inviting other EMU students to join them for future events. Tim broke down the costs that will be needed for a typical meal. Meal costs will vary, but a typical meal may cost around $46-$48, but they are requesting a total of $65 for each meal to reimburse drivers for gas and to buy drinks, desserts and to compensate for any additional students (outside of the club) who may come. One of their future goals is to update the TCK website (on the EMU website) to add to the publicity. Senators felt that their presentation was very well thought out and well-explained. Alli Eanes made a motion to approve the full amount requested, which is $200. Brandon Habron seconded. Motion #2 passed unanimously.
3. Dining Hall Improvement Committee tabled
7. Open Floor
1. Alli Eanes reported about meeting with Eric Codding, regarding more housing options for upperclassmen and more intentional communities. Conversations are becoming more active within Res Life about this and more information will become available over the next weeks and months.
8. Adjournment Dan Sigmans motioned to adjourn. Hannah Shrock seconded.
Next Meeting: 2 November 2011 at 9 pm in UC 211/212
Minutes from Oct. 19, 2011
October 26th, 2011 – by ane433
Eastern Mennonite University
Student Government Association Senate
October 19, 2011
- Micah 6:8
1. Call to Order
2. Roll Call/Prayer
3. Approval of Minutes James motioned to approve minutes and Joel Choi seconded. Motion passed unanimously.
4. Announcements Everyone received contact info.
5. Committee Reports
1. Strategic Planning Committee
1. Nels, Brandon and Ken attended and increased enrollment was discussed (goal = bring enrollment up to 1,000; currently around 880). They want to bring in students from all around the country since many current students are local (from Virginia). They also aim to double the international student population.
2. Writing Committee
1. Joel and Vi reported. There was discussion about ungrad and grad May Writing Retreats (Kairos Place). It was reported that Kirsten Beachy and Judy Mullet lead the undergrad retreat, and grad department reps on the committee will survey the grad programs for interested students. The committee also discussed writing intensive course assessment on both the undergrad and grad levels.
6. Old Business
1. Idea Drive- Brandon’s report Tabled
2. Intramural concern
1. Katie has a concern about entire teams from A league coming and also playing in B league and dominating, which she believes takes the fun out of B league. Becca Longenecker said that they are implementing a rule after fall break for upcoming intramural sports that only two A league players are allowed to be on B league teams.
7. New Business
1. Funding Request- Third Culture Kids Club
2. Tim Heishman and Melody Tobin presented. The club has not been in existence for about 2 years, but they are reviving it this year. They are requesting funds ($300 for the semester) so that they can have monthly meals and perhaps do some other minor events. They currently have 13 members. We suggested that they open the event up to the larger community (and do some advertising). Discussion ensued: people were concerned that the amount requested was too large and that while they are opening it to all students, many students may not go b/c it’s a meeting, rather than an event. Ken suggested that we ask them to give us more details like list all of their expenses so that we have an idea of where the money is specifically going. Louise Babikow said that she felt their intentions were pretty clear: one person will go to the grocery store and buy ingredients (and international ingredients do tend to be more expensive) and they will advertise. Hannah Patterson suggested that we ask them to advertise in a more intentional way (posters?) rather than just rely upon word of mouth. Justin Roth motioned to send a request to the Third Culture Kids Club to give us more information and details about this semester’s expenses and events. Becca Longenecker seconded. Approved: 6, against: 4, abstaining: 4. Motion #1 passed.
3. Suicide Awareness Walk
1. Events is scheduled for March 31st, organized by CoachLink. There will be a meeting on Oct. 28th from 8:30-12 and they asked for an SGA rep to attend (reps can attend part time). Katie suggested that we have one of their reps come and tell us about the event and tell us why they want SGA involvement (since the expectation for participation is pretty high). Ken explained a bit about what the event is and why it is important for the university. The goal for the walk is to have students from both EMU and JMU come together and walk in solidarity. It will be a pretty high profile event. Nels will contact CoachLink to have someone come and talk to SGA about the event next week.
4. Weight Room Music Concern
1. There is concern about the lyrics of some music played in the weight room (derogatory words, etc). Some senators voiced concern about the message that the music sends, which is contradictory to EMU’s values, etc. Brittney Wenger said that people can always request to change the music (and Justin Roth suggested asking the fitness center to put up a sign advertising this) and Katie Landis said that we should give specific suggestions and requests to the fitness center, rather than just sending a general complaint. Justin Roth suggested having certain types of music at specified times of day. Hannah Schrock motioned to give John the ideas that we discussed above. Katie Landis seconded the motion. Approve: 15, against: 0, abstaining: 1. Motion #2 passed.
8. Open Floor
1. Louise Babikow and Alli Eanes have been planning an Interfaith Dialogue Panel to be held in Common Grounds in mid November and are in the process of contacting the final people to be on the panel. They currently have two student moderators and further plans are in the works.
2. Sam Kauffman presented cards to those on the Spirit Week Committee and the Idea Drive Committee on behalf of the Encouragement Committee.
9. Adjournment Motion to adjourn by Hannah Schrock, seconded by Brittney Wenger. Passed unanimously.
Next Meeting: 26 October 2011 at 9 pm in UC 211/212
Minutes from Oct. 12, 2011
October 19th, 2011 – by ane433
1. Call to Order
2. Roll Call/Prayer
3. Approval of Minutes Brandon Habron motioned to approve the minutes, Joel Choi seconded. Passed unanimously.
4. Announcements
1. Board Luncheon- Nov. 11 @ 12
1. Nels informed the SGA that everyone is invited to the Board meeting.
2. Encouragement Table
1. Sam Kauffman added an encouragement table outside the Post Office and encouraged people to use it.
5. Committee Reporting
1. Institutional Review Board- Hannah Schrock
1. Said that it went well (she cannot say anything else since it is confidential).
2. Bookstore Committee- Hannah Patterson
1. The bookstore is always open to ideas from students, but there is a fine balance between what they can and cannot supply (though they want to be as helpful to students as possible and offer as much as they can).
3. Undergraduate Council- James
1. Budget is a bit short. Discussed how to improve retention rates for all students (and specifically for athletes and making sure they attend all classes). Talked about using cross-cultural program to draw students in (and how the fact that the lack of languages offered may hinder students from coming to EMU).
6. Old Business
1. Spirit Week feedback
2. Positive feedback about photos on SGA page on Facebook—increasing awareness about the SGA page. People have enjoyed the events in addition to the themes. Katie Landis needs volunteers to clean up windows advertising Spirit Week and Jacob Mack-Boll, Dan Sigmans and Sam Kauffman volunteered.
3. Idea Drive- Brandon’s report
1. Brandon is still working on organizing all of the ideas he received so he asked the discussion to be tabled until next week.
7. New Business
1. Intramural concern
1. A-league teams have been playing B-league teams (or A league teams are also forming B league teams) and destroying them so Katie Landis suggests setting up parameters to separate the two better. The rest of this discussion will be tabled until next week.
8. Open Floor
1. There is concern about the yearbook not accurately representing the year it is designed for. For example, James Souder said that there were pictures of his older sister in last year’s yearbook even though she graduated several years ago. Additionally, there were photos on the theater page of a play that happened two years ago (though the page said that it happened last spring). Others said they had photos taken, yet they did not show up in the yearbook. Kat suggested having a yearbook class and Justin suggested talking to those in leadership and making some suggestions. Hannah Patterson suggested having photos for the yearbook in the caf lobby instead of in the Campus Center to be more visible. Brandon motioned to have an SGA committee for the betterment of the Shen and to add oversight and Joel Choi seconded. He added that if they do not improve their quality SGA should not continue to fund them. Motion passed unanimously.
1. The committee will consist of Brandon Habron, James Souder and Brittney Wenger.
2. There will be a United Way Campaign happening at EMU this fall (starting right before fall break and going for two weeks). This will be like Coin War—pennies/dimes/nickels add points and quarters take away points—and there will be a collecting jar of some sort outside each residence hall (the winning hall gets a pizza party). They are asking for support from SGA (ideas/feedback about how to structure the campaign and also advertising) and are concerned about people stealing money so they are asking for SGA ideas about how to avoid this. Hannah Schrock suggested just labeling the jars so that people know where the money going and hopefully will be discouraged from stealing and also using a container with a small opening.
3. Ken gave an update about Mariah Elliot: he shared that he filled her in on last week’s meeting and gave her options about potential reinstatement should she choose to seek it (she could petition the SGA to be reinstated if she wanted to and there would be another vote). At this point she has chosen to not seek reinstatement so she can focus on other priorities.
4. Nels shared that the Strategic Planning Committee is meeting next week on Wednesday, October 19, from 1:30-4 and he needs another person to sit in on the meeting with him (and in future meetings for the rest of the semester). Brandon Habron will join him.
5. Hannah Patterson said that she has met with Eric Codding about finding a room for the thrift room on campus and it is possible that one of the storage rooms in the basement of Maplewood can be used.
9. Adjournment Sam Kauffman motioned to adjourn. Hannah Schrock seconded. Motion passed unanimously.
Next Meeting: 19 October 2011 at 9 pm in UC 211/212
Minutes for Sept. 28, 2011
September 28th, 2011 – by ane433
1. Call to Order at 9:02
2. Roll Call/Prayer
3. Approval of Minutes- Hannah Schrock motioned to approve minutes, Brandon second. Unanimously approved.
4. Announcements
1. Constitution
2. Everyone was given constitutions and asked to read through them in free time.
3. Committee Clear-up
1. Several committees still need people to sign up
4. T-shirt design
1. Katie presented t-shirt ideas: purple shirts were approved.
5. Thank-you to Bruce
1. Card for Bruce sent around as a thanks for providing breakfast for us at the SGA retreat (and Sam also sent around a card for Ken N.)
5. Old Business
1. Spirit Week
1. A reminder for the spirit week committee to meet up after tonight’s meeting to touch base. Nels asked that they come to next week’s meeting with any ideas.
2. Idea Drive
1. Since Mariah is gone, the others who volunteered to help out should meet to discuss idea drive.
6. New Business
1. Clothing Swap Room- Hannah Patterson
1. Hannah Patterson met with Eric Codding about this idea and brainstormed—Res Life is very open to clothing swap room. They suggested opening room in Roselawn and having room open on weekends and/or after dinners. Talked about clothing tags to organize how long clothes are there and having volunteers (enlist non-SGA members to volunteer?). Hannah is open to ideas and suggestions about other organizing strategies. Other potential room locations were suggested- Maplewood basement, for example. The idea was affirmed by senators. SGA can advertise. James suggested having other items there too, such as household items. Katie suggested specifying drop-off times so that people can’t just drop off random trash. People would not necessarily have to bring something to swap if they want to take something.
2. OCP Meeting
1. Jacob and Kat attended. OCP plans to have a 10k walk/run on Oct. 29 and will provide breakfast/lunch, snacks at stops. They want each person in the event to try to raise $100 (but people will not be turned away if they cannot raise that much). There will be a costume contest. Last year they had 200 people and want to expand this year. Money will go to OCP to keep programs running. People would need to fill out forms and register in order to participate. Hannah S. suggested having the phys. Ed dept. or cross country team send out all-student email to advertise to students. Brittney Wenger suggested having OCP make posters, but having SGA hang them. SWIP will try to sponsor one person to do it. SGA would be able to sponsor the event if they so choose.
3. Library Task Force Brandon Habron signed up for this committee.
7. Open Floor
1. Hannah Schrock announced that Res Life approved the activation of all swipe cards for all dorm main lounges 24/day. She moved to disband (not disseminate, Nels) the “Open Doors After Open Hours” Committee and Brittney W. seconded (at 9:30). Motion approved unanimously.
2. Sam announced that there is a new committee called the “Encouragement Committee.” Encouragement cards will be written for senators and there will be an “encouragement station” set up across from the post office in the campus center so that people can write nice notes to each other and put them in campus mail.
8. Adjournment
1. Motion to adjourn @ 9:42 by Hannah Schrock
2. Second- Hannah Patterson
3. Approved unanimously
Next Meeting: 5 October 2011 at 9 pm in UC 211/212
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Caregiver characteristics and experiences: Their effects on the probability of nursing home admission
Date of Award
Degree Type
Degree Name
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Social Sciences
Vernon L. Greene
elder care
Subject Categories
Family, Life Course, and Society | Social Welfare | Sociology
The demand for long-term care is projected to increase dramatically as the United States experiences the aging of its population, particularly as the baby boom generation reaches the age of requiring long term care. Traditionally, families have been a major source of informal support, often making it possible for an impaired elderly person to stay out of an institution. However, the willingness and capability of providing elderly care is decreasing, primarily due to demographic trends such as a decrease in kin availability and secondarily due to socioeconomic trends such as an increase in female labor force participation and a decrease in family solidarity. Also, due to a downsized economy, social programs for the elderly are not keeping up with the increasing demand for long-term care services.
Without agreement on how to share the caregiving burden between society and family, cost containment becomes a popular option in formulating long-term care policies. Increasingly, family caregiving, considered to be an act of love and affection, is encouraged and often enforced. The myth that adult children do not provide the same total parent care now as in the "good old days", while they are capable of doing more, is used to justify the inadequacy of social services which could share or relieve unrelenting stress on caregivers. More often, the personal costs borne by the caregivers are properly not taken into account.
In predicting the probability of nursing home admission, along with the carereceivers' characteristics, the present study considers the caregivers' willingness and ability to continue to provide care in a novel way. By investigating the caregivers' felt burden and role conflict, this study focuses on how the social, emotional, and psychological circumstances of a caregiver affect a family's decision to institutionalize. Logit regression is used to estimate the probability of nursing home admission. Data sources are from the 1982-1984 National Long-Term Care Channeling Demonstration (NLTCCD). Finally, this paper will explore policy implications based on the findings of this study.
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| 437
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An Open Source Social Enterprise
The Academy of the Impossible is an open source social enterprise. I love that sentence, but what does it mean? Let's break it down.
Open source is a concept that helps define a relationship with transparency and intellectual property.
Open is one of the primary virtues of the internet, an embrace of transparency and the desire to share. The hope that through openness new people and ideas will emerge to make any project better.
Source generally refers to source code, but also implies where you're coming from, and what you use to build your project. It speaks to the role of intellectual property, and in this context the lack of secrecy or exclusivity when it comes to the ideas that are being tested and employed.
A social enterprise is a fusion of non-profit and for-profit business models that leverages the benefits of either entity to achieve a broader social goal.
Social, like open, is a primary virtue of the internet, and speaks to what motivates us, but also where technology and education are best focused. Social metrics and goals define us as an organization above and beyond any economic ones.
Enterprise speaks to the desire to boldly go where others have dared not. To venture into the domain of hope and potential and find a new means of sharing prosperity and discovery.
As an open source social enterprise we mix all sorts of organizational and operational elements that we feel best match our desires to achieve and share the impossible. We embrace transparency, so others may learn and do differently. We want independence and autonomy so will seek multiple revenue sources, focus on sustainability, and have a mixed bottom-line, defining ourselves as a social enterprise.
For example the Academy is incubated by, a for-profit corporation, but is also supported by and includes the Street Writers, who are a not-for-profit. Some of the students of the Academy will focus on the development of their professional careers or businesses, others will focus on campaigns, and community organizations.
We feel that this mixed approach matches our embrace of mixed media and our desire for diversity.
We all stand on the shoulders of giants as we reach for the stars.
—Red Queen, Alice in Wonderland
“Be Realistic:
Demand the Impossible"
—political slogan used by
the Situationists in 1968
“Let's set our sights beyond the abominations of today to divine another possible world.”
—Eduardo Galeano
- Muhammad Ali
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2008/9 Schools Wikipedia Selection. Related subjects: Mammals
Fossil range: Late Triassic – Recent
From Top-left going clockwise: giraffe, golden crown fruit bat, lion, hedgehog
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
(unranked) Amniota
Class: Mammalia
Linnaeus, 1758
Subclasses & Infraclasses
• Subclass † Allotheria *
• Subclass Prototheria
• Subclass Theria
• Infraclass † Trituberculata
• Infraclass Metatheria
• Infraclass Eutheria
Mammals ( class Mammalia) are a class of vertebrate animals characterized by the presence of sweat glands, including sweat glands modified for milk production, hair, three middle ear bones used in hearing, and a neocortex region in the brain.
All mammals (except for the six species of monotremes) give birth to live young instead of laying eggs. Most mammals also possess specialized teeth, and the largest group of mammals, the placentals, use a placenta during gestation. The mammalian brain regulates endothermic and circulatory systems, including a four-chambered heart.
Mammals encompass approximately 5,400 species, ranging in size from the Bumblebee Bat (30-40mm) to the Blue Whale (33 m), distributed in about 1,200 genera, 153 families, and 29 orders, though this varies by classification scheme.
Most mammals belong to the placental group. The four largest orders within the placental mammals are Rodentia (mice, rats, and other small, gnawing mammals), Chiroptera (bats), Carnivora (dogs, cats, bears, and other mammals that primarily eat meat), and Cetartiodactyla (including numerous herbivore species, such as deer, sheep, goats, and buffalos, plus whales). The human species is also a placental mammal, a member of the order Primates.
Phylogenetically, Mammalia is defined as all descendants of the most recent common ancestor of monotremes (e.g., echidnas and platypuses) and therian mammals ( marsupials and placentals). This means that some extinct groups of "mammals" are not members of the crown group Mammalia, even though most of them have all the characteristics that traditionally would have classified them as mammals. These "mammals" are now usually placed in the unranked clade Mammaliaformes.
The mammalian line of descent diverged from the sauropsid line at the end of the Carboniferous period. The sauropsids would evolve into modern-day reptiles and birds, while the synapsid branch led to mammals. The first true mammals appeared in the Jurassic period. Modern mammalian orders appeared in the Palaeocene and Eocene epochs of the Palaeogene period.
Distinguishing features
However, other features are required when classifying fossils, since soft tissue glands and some other features are not visible in fossils. Paleontologists use a distinguishing feature that is shared by all living mammals (including monotremes), but is not present in any of the early Triassic synapsids: mammals use two bones for hearing that were used for eating by their ancestors. The earliest synapsids had a jaw joint composed of the articular (a small bone at the back of the lower jaw) and the quadrate (a small bone at the back of the upper jaw). Most reptiles and non-mammalian synapsids use this system including lizards, crocodilians, dinosaurs (and their descendants the birds), and therapsids (mammal-like "reptiles"). Mammals have a different jaw joint, however, composed only of the dentary (the lower jaw bone which carries the teeth) and the squamosal (another small skull bone). In mammals the quadrate and articular bones have become the incus and malleus bones in the middle ear. Note: "non-mammalian synapsids" above implies that mammals are a sub-group of synapsids, and that is exactly what cladistics says they are.
Mammals also have a double occipital condyle: they have two knobs at the base of the skull which fit into the topmost neck vertebra, and other vertebrates have a single occipital condyle. Paleontologists use only the jaw joint and middle ear as criteria for identifying fossil mammals, as it would be confusing if they found a fossil that had one feature, but not the other.
Anatomy and morphology
Skeletal system
The majority of mammals have seven cervical vertebrae (bones in the neck); this includes bats, giraffes, whales, and humans. The few exceptions include the manatee and the two-toed sloth, which have only six cervical vertebrae, and the three-toed sloth with nine cervical vertebrae.
Respiratory system
Circulatory system
Nervous system
All mammalian brains possess a neocortex, a brain region that is unique to mammals.
Integumentary system
Although mammals and other animals have cilia that superficially may resemble it, no other animals except mammals have hair. It is a definitive characteristic of the order. Some mammals have very little, albeit in obscure parts of their bodies, but nonetheless, careful examination reveals the characteristic. None are known to have hair that naturally is blue or green in colour although some cetaceans, along with the mandrills appear to have shades of blue skin. Many mammals are indicated as having blue hair or fur, but in all known cases, it has been found to be a shade of gray. The two-toed sloth and the polar bear may seem to have green fur, but this colour is caused by algae growths.
Reproductive system
Goat kids will stay with their mother until they are weaned, this is usually about one month
Most mammals give birth to live young ( vivipary), but a few, such as the monotremes lay eggs and at least one of them, the platypus, presents a particular sex determination system that in some ways resembles that of birds. Live birth also occurs in some non-mammalian species, such as guppies, snakes, and hammerhead sharks; thus it is not a distinguishing characteristic of mammals.
Mammals have sweat glands, a defining feature present only in mammals. Some of these glands produce milk (in what are called mammary glands), a liquid used by newborns as their primary source of nutrition. The monotremes branched from other mammals early on, and do not have the nipples seen in most mammals, but they do have mammary glands.
Nearly all mammals are endothermic. Most mammals also have hair to help keep them warm. Like birds, mammals can forage or hunt in cold weather and climes where reptiles and large insects cannot.
Endothermy requires plenty of food energy, so pound for pound mammals eat more food than reptiles. Small insectivorous mammals eat prodigious amounts for their size.
A rare exception, the naked mole rat is ectothermic ("cold-blooded"). Birds are also endothermic, so endothermy is not a defining mammalian feature.
Mammals, especially as exemplified by humans, are the most intelligent animals in the world.
In intelligent mammals, such as primates, the cerebrum is larger relative to the rest of the brain. Intelligence itself is not easy to define, but indications of intelligence include the ability to learn, matched with behavioural flexibility. Rats, for example, are considered to be highly intelligent as they can learn and perform new tasks, an ability that may be important when they first colonize a fresh habitat. In some mammals, food gathering appears to be related to intelligence: a deer feeding on plants has a brain relatively smaller than a cat that must think to outwit its prey.
Social structure
The dependence of the young mammal on its mother for nourishment has made possible a period of training. Such training permits the nongenetic transfer of information between generations. The ability of young mammals to learn from the experience of their elders has allowed a behavioural plasticity unknown in any other group of organisms and has been a primary reason for the evolutionary success of mammals. The possibility of training is one of the factors that has made increased brain complexity a selective advantage. Increased associational potential and memory extend the possibility of learning from experience, and the individual can make adaptive behavioural responses to environmental change. Individual response to short-term change is far more efficient than genetic response.
A pronounced difference between sexes (sexual dimorphism) is frequently extreme in social mammals. In large part this is because dominant males tend to be those that are largest or best-armed. Dominant males also tend to have priority in mating or may even have exclusive responsibility for mating within a “harem.” Rapid evolution of secondary sexual characteristics, including size, can take place in a species with such a social structure.
A complex behaviour termed “play” frequently occurs between siblings, between members of an age class, or between parent and offspring. Play extends the period of maternal training and is especially important in social species, providing an opportunity to learn behaviour appropriate to the maintenance of dominance.
Mammals evolved from four-legged ancestors. They use their limbs to walk, climb, swim, and fly. Some land mammals have toes that produce claws and hooves for climbing and running. Aquatic mammals such as whales and dolphins have fins which evolved from legs.
An African Elephant
An African Elephant
Mammals modified for running are termed cursorial. The stance of cursorial species may be digitigrade (the complete digits contacting the ground, as in dogs) or unguligrade (only tips of digits contacting the ground, as in horses). In advanced groups limb movement is forward and backward in a single plane.
Mammals of several orders have attained great size (elephants, hippopotamuses, and rhinoceroses) and have converged on specializations for a ponderous mode of locomotion referred to as “graviportal.” These animals have no digit reduction and deploy the digits in a circle around the axis of the limb for maximum support, like the pedestal of a column.
Well-adapted arboreal mammals frequently are plantigrade, five-toed, and equipped with highly mobile limbs. Some species, including many New World monkeys, have a prehensile tail, which is used like a fifth hand. Brachiation, or “arm walking,” in which the animal hangs from branches and moves by a series of long swings, is an adaptation seen in gibbons. The primitive opposable anthropoid thumb is reduced as a specialization for this method of locomotion. Tarsiers are highly arboreal primates that have expanded pads on the digits to improve grasping, whereas many other arboreal mammals have claws or well-developed nails.
Sloths travel slowly along branches rather than swinging energetically.
Four mammalian groups are fully aquatic. Sirenians (dugongs and manatees) eat plants. Cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises) and pinnipeds (seals and walruses) eat krill or fish. The sea otter eats a variety of invertebrates and fish. Some semiaquatic mammals are very similar to their close land-borne relatives (otters, muskrats, and water shrews, for example). Other mammals have undergone profound adaptation for swimming and life at sea. Walruses and seals give birth to and nurse their young on land, but cetaceans are completely helpless out of water. They depend on water for mechanical support and thermal insulation. Buoyed by their aquatic environment, whales have evolved into the largest mammals and indeed the largest animals ever.
Townsends's Big-eared Bat, Corynorhinus townsendii
Townsends's Big-eared Bat, Corynorhinus townsendii
Bats are the only truly flying mammals. Only with active flight have the resources of the aerial habitat been successfully exploited. Mammals belonging to other groups ( colugos, marsupials, rodents) are adapted for gliding. A gliding habit is frequently accompanied by scansorial (climbing) locomotion. Many nongliders, such as tree squirrels, are also scansorial.
To maintain a high constant body temperature is energy expensive- mammals therefore need a nutritious and plentiful diet. While the earliest mammals were probably predators, different species have since adapted to meet their dietary requirements in a variety of ways. Some eat animal prey- this is a carnivorous diet (and includes insectivorous diets). Other mammals, called herbivores, eat plants. An herbivorous diet includes sub-types such as fruit-eating and grass-eating. An omnivore eats boths prey and plants. Carnivorous mammals have a simple digestive tract, because the proteins, lipids, and minerals found in meat require little in the way of specialized digestion. Plants, on the other hand, contain complex carbohydrates, such as cellulose. The digestive tract of a herbivore is therefore host to bacteria that ferment these substances, and make them available for digestion. The bacteria are either housed in the multichambered stomach or in a large cecum. The size of an animal is also a factor in determining diet type. Since small mammals have a high ratio of heat losing surface area to heat generating volume, they tend to have high-energy requirements and a high metabolic rate. Mammals that weigh less than about 18oz (500g) are mostly insectivorous because they cannot tolerate the slow, complex digestive process of a herbivore. Larger animals on the other hand generate more heat and less of this heat is lost. They can therefore tolerate either a slower collection process (those that prey on larger vertebrates) or a slower digestive process (herbivores). Furthermore, mammals that weigh more than 18oz (500g) usually cannot collect enough insects during their waking hours to sustain themselves. The only large insectivorous mammals are those that feed on huge colonies of insects (ants or termites).
Evolutionary history
–– Hadrocodium
The evolution of mammals from synapsids, also known as mammal-like "reptiles" was a gradual process which took approximately 70 million years, from the mid-Permian to the mid-Jurassic, and by the mid-Triassic there were many species that looked like mammals. Note that synapsids are not reptiles at all, but belong to a distinct lineage of tetrapods.
The original synapsid skull structure has one hole behind each eye, in a fairly low position on the skull (lower right in this image).
The first fully terrestrial vertebrates were amniotes. Like the amphibians they evolved from, they had legs and lungs. Amniotes' eggs, however, had internal membranes which allowed the developing embryo to breathe but kept water in. This allowed amniotes to lay eggs on dry land, while amphibians generally need to lay their eggs in water.
The first amniotes apparently arose in the late Carboniferous. They descended from amphibians, which were numerous at the time, and lived on land already inhabited by insects, other invertebrates, ferns, mosses, and other plants. Within a few million years two important amniote lineages became distinct: the synapsids, from which mammals are descended; and the sauropsids, from which lizards, snakes, crocodilians, dinosaurs and birds are descended. Synapsids have a single hole ( temporal fenestra) low on each side of the skull.
One synapsid group, the pelycosaurs, were the most common land vertebrates of the early Permian and included the largest land animals of the time.
Therapsids descended from pelycosaurs in the middle Permian, about 260M years ago, and took over their position as the dominant land vertebrates. They differ from pelycosaurs in several features of the skull and jaws, including: larger temporal fenestrae; incisors which are equal in size. The therapsids went through a series of stages, beginning with animals which were very like their pelycosaur ancestors and ending with the Triassic cynodonts, some of which could easily be mistaken for mammals:
• gradual development of a bony secondary palate.
• the dentary gradually becomes the main bone of the lower jaw.
• progress towards an erect limb posture, which would increase the animals' stamina by avoiding Carrier's constraint. But this process was slow and erratic - for example: all herbivorous therapsids retained sprawling limbs (some late forms may have had semi-erect hind limbs); Permian carnivorous therapsids had sprawling forelimbs, and some late Permian ones also had semi-sprawling hindlimbs. In fact modern monotremes still have semi-sprawling limbs.
• in the Triassic, progress towards the mammalian jaw and middle ear.
• there is possible evidence of hair in Triassic therapsids, but none for Permian therapsids.
• some scientists have argued that some Triassic therapsids show signs of lactation.
The Permian–Triassic extinction event ended the dominance of the therapsids, and in the early Triassic all the medium to large land animal niches were taken over by archosaurs, which were the ancestors of crocodilians, pterosaurs, dinosaurs and birds. After this "Triassic Takeover" the cynodonts and their descendants could only survive as small, mainly nocturnal insectivores. This may actually have accelerated the evolution of mammals - for example the surviving cynodonts and their descendants had to evolve towards warm-bloodedness because their small bodies would otherwise have lost heat quickly, especially as they were active mainly at night.
The first true mammals appeared in the early Jurassic, over 70 million years after the first therapsids and approximately 30 million years after the first mammaliaformes. Hadrocodium appears to be in the middle of the transition to true mammal status — it had a mammalian jaw joint (formed by the dentary and squamosal bones, but there is some debate about whether its middle ear was fully mammalian.
The earliest known monotreme is Teinolophos, which lived about 123M years ago in Australia. Monotremes have some features which may be inherited from the original amniotes:
• they use the same orifice to urinate, defecate and reproduce ("monotreme" means "one hole") - as lizards and birds also do.
• they lay eggs which are leathery and uncalcified, like those of lizards, turtles and crocodilians.
The oldest known marsupial is Sinodelphys, found in 125M-year old early Cretaceous shale in China's northeastern Liaoning Province. The fossil is nearly complete and includes tufts of fur and imprints of soft tissues.
The living Eutheria ("true beasts") are all placentals. But the earliest known eutherian, Eomaia, found in China and dated to 125M years ago, has some features which are more like those of marsupials (the surviving metatherians):
• Epipubic bones extending forwards from the pelvis, which are not found in any modern placental, but are found in marsupials, monotremes and mammaliformes such as multituberculates. In other words, they appear to be an ancestral feature which subsequently disappeared in the placental lineage.
• A narrow pelvic outlet, which indicates that the young were very small at birth and therefore pregnancy was short, as in modern marsupials. This suggests that the placenta was a later development.
It is not certain when placental mammals evolved - the earliest undisputed fossils of placentals come from the early Paleocene, after the extinction of the dinosaurs.
Mammals and near-mammals expanded out of the nocturnal insectivore niche from the mid Juraassic onwards - for example Castorocauda had adaptations for swimming, digging and catching fish.
The traditional view is that: mammals only took over the medium- to large-sized ecological niches in the Cenozoic, after the extinction of the dinosaurs; but then they diversified very quickly, for example the earliest known bat dates from about 50M years ago, only 15M years after the extinction of the dinosaurs.
On the other hand recent molecular phylogenetic studies suggest that most placental orders diverged about 100M to 85M years ago, but that modern families first appeared in the late Eocene and early Miocene But paleontologists object that no placental fossils have been found from before the end of the Cretaceous
During the Cenozoic several groups of mammals appeared which were much larger than their nearest modern equivalents - but none was even close to the size of the largest dinosaurs with similar feeding habits.
Earliest appearances of features
Hadrocodium, whose fossils date from the early Jurassic, provides the first clear evidence of fully mammalian jaw joints.
The earliest clear evidence of hair or fur is in fossils of Castorocauda, from 164M years ago in the mid Jurassic. From 1955 onwards some scientists have interpreted the foramina (passages) in the maxillae (upper jaws) and premaxillae (small bones in front of the maxillae) of cynodonts as channels which supplied blood vessels and nerves to vibrissae (whiskers), and suggested that this was evidence of hair or fur. But foramina do not necessarily show that an animal had vibrissae - for example the modern lizard Tupinambis has foramina which are almost identical to those found in the non-mammalian cynodont Thrinaxodon.
The evolution of erect limbs in mammals is incomplete — living and fossil monotremes have sprawling limbs. In fact some scientists think that the parasagittal (non-sprawling) limb posture is a synapomorphy (distinguishing characteristic) of the Boreosphenida, a group which contains the Theria and therefore includes the last common ancestor of modern marsupial and placentals - and therefore that all earlier mammals had sprawling limbs. Sinodelphys (the earliest known marsupial) and Eomaia (the earliest known eutherian) lived about 125M years ago, so erect limbs must have evolved before then.
It is currently very difficult to be confident when endothermy first appeared in the evolution of mammals. Modern monotremes have a lower body temperature and more variable metabolic rate than marsupials and placentals. So the main question is when a monotreme-like metabolism evolved in mammals. The evidence found so far suggests Triassic cynodonts may have had fairly high metabolic rates, but is not conclusive. In particular it is difficult to see how small animals can maintain a high and stable body temperature without fur, and there is no certain evidence of fur before Castorocauda, about 164M years ago.
Standardized textbook classification
Class Mammalia
• Subclass Prototheria: monotremes: platypuses and echidnas
• Subclass Theria: live-bearing mammals
• Infraclass Metatheria: marsupials
• Infraclass Eutheria: placentals
McKenna/Bell classification
Extinct groups are represented by a cross (†).
Class Mammalia
• Subclass Prototheria: monotremes: echidnas and the Platypus
• Subclass Theriiformes: live-bearing mammals and their prehistoric relatives
• Infraclass † Allotheria: multituberculates
• Infraclass † Triconodonta: triconodonts
• Supercohort Theria: live-bearing mammals
• Cohort Marsupialia: marsupials
• Magnorder Australidelphia: Australian marsupials and the Monito del Monte
• Magnorder Ameridelphia: New World marsupials
• Cohort Placentalia: placentals
• Magnorder Xenarthra: xenarthrans
• Magnorder Epitheria: epitheres
• Grandorder Anagalida: lagomorphs, rodents, and elephant shrews
• Grandorder Lipotyphla: insectivorans
• Grandorder Archonta: bats, primates, colugos, and treeshrews
• Grandorder Ungulata: ungulates
• Order Tubulidentata incertae sedis: aardvark
• Mirorder † Meridiungulata: South American ungulates
Molecular classification of placentals
• Clade Atlantogenata
• Group I: Afrotheria
• Clade Afroinsectiphilia
• Order Macroscelidea: elephant shrews (Africa)
• Order Afrosoricida: tenrecs and golden moles (Africa)
• Order Tubulidentata: aardvark (Africa south of the Sahara)
• Clade Paenungulata
• Order Hyracoidea: hyraxes or dassies (Africa, Arabia)
• Order Proboscidea: elephants (Africa, Southeast Asia)
• Order Sirenia: dugong and manatees ( cosmopolitan tropical)
• Group II: Xenarthra
• Order Pilosa: sloths and anteaters (Neotropical)
• Order Cingulata: armadillos (Americas)
• Clade Boreoeutheria
• Group III: Euarchontoglires ( Supraprimates)
• Superorder Euarchonta
• Order Scandentia: treeshrews (Southeast Asia).
• Order Dermoptera: flying lemurs or colugos (Southeast Asia)
• Order Primates: lemurs, bushbabies, monkeys, apes (cosmopolitan), humans
• Superorder Glires
• Order Rodentia: rodents (cosmopolitan)
• Group IV: Laurasiatheria
• Order Erinaceomorpha: hedgehogs
• Order Soricomorpha: moles, shrews, solenodons
• Clade Ferungulata
• Clade Cetartiodactyla
• Clade Pegasoferae
• Order Chiroptera: bats (cosmopolitan)
• Clade Zooamata
• Clade Ferae
• Order Carnivora: carnivores (cosmopolitan)
Retrieved from ""
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Iraq: An Underground Railroad for Iraqi Women
The Problem © Daniel Smith
In 2003, the US violated the Charter of the United Nations and invaded Iraq. Since then, more than one million Iraqis have been killed, civil war has raged, and four million Iraqis have been displaced from their homes. Despite promises of "democratizing" Iraq, the US supported Islamist political forces bent on dismantling women's legal rights.
Under the US occupation, Islamist militias have waged a systematic campaign of violence against women in their bid to remake Iraq as an Islamist state. There has been a sharp rise in gender-based violence within families, including domestic battering and "honor killing." Newly adopted Shari’a laws, such as Article 41 of Iraq’s Constitution, have degraded women’s rights, making them more vulnerable to abuses.
In particular, widows in Iraq face violence and discrimination, both as women and as non-virgins who are rarely afforded the opportunity to remarry and are considered burdens to their families. This double discrimination undermines widows’ exercise of basic human rights and their capacity to contribute to the creation of a viable, democratic society. Because most fatalities in Iraq’s armed conflict are men, a disproportionate number of those now displaced are widows and their children. Today, between 740,000 and two million women bear the stigma of widowhood in Iraq. Many confront bereavement, displacement, war-related trauma and a total loss of family income. Up to one-quarter of displaced women-headed households live in squatter camps or vacated homes and lack access to basic services.
In addition to the gender inequity institutionalized by Iraq’s current government, most Iraqi media sources perpetuate gender discrimination—sometimes even condoning violence against women.
The Solution
MADRE works with the Organization of Women's Freedom in Iraq (OWFI), to meet the needs of survivors of gender-based violence and empower Iraqi women to defend their rights.
A Network of Shelters
OWFI and MADRE co-founded the first network of women's shelters in the non-Kurdish part of Iraq to provide a safe haven for women fleeing violence. A human rights training program at the shelters strengthens women's capacity to extend support to other women and build the skills to demand their rights to political participation and freedom from violence of all kinds. Particular attention is paid to the needs of displaced widows and female heads of household.
MADRE's Underground Railroad for Iraqi Women offers women who are threatened with "honor killing" the means and social support to escape danger and begin to build a new life.
Just as enslaved African Americans relied on a secret network of courageous individuals to help them make their way to freedom, Iraqi women who are threatened with "honor killings" now have allies and an escape route.
Equality on the Airwaves
In the fall of 2009, OWFI launched Al Mousawat ("Equality") Radio to strengthen women's abilities to claim rights and play a positive role in rebuilding their country.
MADRE is working with OWFI to create programming that offers listeners vital practical information on their human rights and introduces new perspectives that help to transform derogatory or harmful attitudes and practices towards women.
Demanding Human Rights Based US Foreign Policy
MADRE has challenged US attacks on Iraq since the Gulf War of 1991. We continue to work in the US and internationally for an end to US aggression and respect for human rights and in Iraq and around the world.
The Results
• Dozens of women's lives have already been saved thanks to the shelters and the Underground Railroad for Iraqi Women.
• Women are escaping situations of domestic abuse and forced prostitution.
• Women have moved from seeing themselves as victims of abuse to knowing that they can create positive change.
• Women have become a vital force in the "third way," a progressive Iraqi political formation that rejects both Islamist repression and US occupation and works for a truly democratic Iraq dedicated to the fulfillment of human rights, including the full range of women's rights.
How You Can Help
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17 answers
Don't Know What to Do About Soon to Be 18 Year Old Son
My son will turn 18 in November and I really don't know if I want him to stay in my house anymore. He decided he did not want to go to college but is working about 30 hours per week. Outside of work, he does nothing to help around the house, is very disrespectful, rude, arrogant, nasty and thinks he can do whatever he pleases when he pleases. I have two younger boys and my older son does not show the type of behavior I want them to see. He has his own car, which was my old car we kept for when he started driving and we still pay his car insurance since he is not 18 yet.
Today, I just got a call from our insurance company that he was in a fender bender a week ago. This is the second time I got a call from the insurance company about him being in a minor accident that he did not tell me about it. Our insurance didn't go up last time, but I'm pretty sure it will now. I told him when he turns 18 he will start paying $200/month rent and another $100/month towards his car insurance. He snorted and said, "Yeah right, you'll get $200 and that's it." I want him to be more responsible and respectful, but I don't think that is going to happen.
His father has not been involved in his life very much, has rarely ever paid child support and it's my husband who has been supporting my son for the past 7 years. My son shows him no respect and has even physically fought him. We have been dealing with this type of behavior for about two years now and my main goal was to get him through high school. I just don't know what to do now. I don't want him in the house the way he is behaving, but I don't know if it's right to just kick him out. I told him if he does not shape up, that's where he is headed. Any advice from those who have been through this?
What can I do next?
So What Happened?™
I decided to make a month-to-month lease, will have him sign it tonight, start enforcing it on October 1st so he has a month before he turns 18 to try and get it together. If he does not, he will then have one month after he turns 18 to find another place to live. I also decided to just make the rent $300 instead of having him pay two separate fees of $200 rent and $100 towards insurance. I am also going to put in the lease that he is to buy his own food, or pay me for the food he eats that we buy, be respectful and clean up after himself. Normal things you would expect from a tenant in your home. We'll see how it goes, but I'm not too optimistic.
More Answers
You answered your own question.
He will be 18, he works, he will be an adult. It is time to tell him to man up or move out.
If he does not want to pay for the car insurance, then take the keys away - it is your car - it is his privilege to use it, not his right.
Charge him rent, have him sign a lease agreement - he rents a room in your house with bathroom and kitchen privileges, and three prepared meals a week. He contributes $ to rent, $ to groceries. Reserve fridge and freezer space for his food that he will have to buy with his own money. Give him a schedule of when he is able to use the kitchen that doesn't interfere with your meal prep time. If he doesn't clean up, charge him a surcharge for house keeping that week. Keep a ledger account of his charges. If he doesn't pay, you can evict him - hence the reason for the lease. Sounds harsh doesn't it? Would I do this to my son? Yes, if he was as out of control as yours, I would have already have put him out. But mine knows this, he knows his options once he graduates high school and none of them include being a rude slacker in my home.
What was the punishment the first time he got in a car accident? If nothing, then of course, he doesn't expect punishment now, and didn't think it was important to tell you about. And why are you paying his insurance? As soon as he started driving *your car* he should have been contributing to the insurance cost.
The problem is, your son's attitude and general behavior did not happen over night - so he doesn't see why he should have to change. He has been getting a free ride, with no consequences for ugliness, for a very long time. You have obviously been putting up with the disrespect and violence for some time now. You have a set a precedent that he can walk all over you. The only way to change that is to put a plan in place, present it to him, then stick to it. And that is the hard part - you have to be hard and fast with your decisions, no waffling involved - if you make a plan, then don't stick to it, he will continue to walk over you and cause dissension in your home. Your younger boys will then begin acting the same way to you when they see no consequences for behaving badly.
Don't let him, and don't let yourself, use the excuse that his father has not been in his life. My son's father is a severely poor father, and often absent, but my son does not treat me like dirt nor is he allowed to use the "no father" excuse to behave badly.
Make a decision regarding your son, and stick to it. It is not going to be easy, but he needs to grow up and take responsibility.
Good Luck
God Bless
3 moms found this helpful
Ah, yes, the grass is always greener on the other side. As a person who moved out of her parents home at age 18 because I no longer wanted to live by their rules (and they were incessant and overly strict; I can honestly say I still feel the same way) -- "allow" him to be free of your house rules of respect and positive contributions to the family dynamic. You are doing him a favor, right? Of course I'm speaking tongue-in-cheek here, but it's your house and your rules. If he doesn't want to live by them, that's ok. Let him know it's ok because it truly is. However, he must move out and give him a date to do so by. Keep it simple and keep it matter-of-fact. When one starts fending for themselves, the real adult is born.
3 moms found this helpful
It is time for him, to be out on his own.
Boot him out of the nest.
Boy, he sure has an attitude of 'entitlement.'
How noxious.
He will not take you seriously, unless you stick to your boundaries.
Why have the entire household, revolve around him and his attitude?
2 moms found this helpful
When I turned 18 our car insurance made my parents get me my own policy that I had to pay for.
2 moms found this helpful
We went through this with our oldest child (a son) and when he graduated we had him move out. He was so sure he knew everything and that we were stupid and mean and wrong and on every side of everything but his. It took a year of him being out in the big bad world to realize we had forgotten more than he had ever learned. He moved back home with the condition that he pay $300 a month for food, cell phone and essentials. That is not including his car insurance. We call these bills. He has bills to pay and we are the collector, so there are no exceptions. None.
As a part of the agreement, he has to work at least 20 ours a week, be in school full time, save money every month and be respectful and helpful within the family. Because we showed him the door once he KNOWS we will do it again, so there isn't any more testing. Because he has been on his own, he knows how hard it is to get started in life without help so he is more respectful and appreciative.
1 mom found this helpful
Why not strongly suggest he enlist?
The Navy did wonders or my son.
Otherwise I had an apartment picked out for him, it was small, clean and affordable on his meager pizzaboy salary.
I would drive by every day and tell him, "this is where you will live, do you want to see it? You will not live with me when you graduate".
It's time to take him off the insurance. Have him get his own, he has a job.
He needs his own apartment, help him find some cheap furniture.
Give him a deadline and stick to it.
Put his things on the porch, change the locks.
Loving him does not make it OK for him to take advantage of you.
I seriously was ready to take out the boy. He had me in tears so many times. THen he joined the NAvy and lo and behold mama had made things pretty easy.
Good luck, 18 yo boys are not easy but they do grow up.
1 mom found this helpful
It may be time to show some tough love. Once he's 18 and he is refusing to go to college and he's refusing to be a healthy productive member of the family even if he is paying rent he will need to get out on his own. You have raised him, what road he chooses when he's an adult is out of your hands. My 20 year old daughter has used the statement "I am an adult I can do what I want." countless times. I said fine if that's the way you want it, then that's the way it is. She has moved out and is living with her boyfriend, works 2 jobs while going to college on her own. Call it right or wrong, I have not helped her. She has come to me a few times needing money and I've told her that she will either have to work for it or she will have to pay me back. Once your son is 18 he can get is own insurance policy. If he refuses to pay you anything towards the policy you have, then drop him. If he continues to disrespect etc, tell him it's time that he leaves and gets his own place. It's hard for us to do that but I'm telling you from experience, that it does work. If you don't, you are enabling him and teaching the young ones that it's okay to act this way. Since my dtr got on her own and got a taste of what it's like to be an "adult" she has more respect for me. Not saying that we still don't have our issues because we do but it's a bit easier. All we can do is raise our children in the best way we know how with good morals and then hope and pray that they choose the right roads. One of the hardest things for us to do is to let go. Good luck!
1 mom found this helpful
Sorry for the anguish you are obviously experiencing, K.. I think you've answered your own dilemma several times over. Your son doesn't appreciate what you do for him, does not care to make a contribution or pay his way, and you have already warned him. Under the circumstances you describe, I would be inclined to make 18 the age of his "independence."
A few months on his own might give him a very different fix on what the world owes him. It might not; he might simply become more blaming and resentful. That would be a hard thing for a loving mother to watch, but truthfully, the way you're doing it now is not requiring him to grow up. He needs a chance to meet life on its own terms.
I wish blessings on your household.
1 mom found this helpful
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- All politics, all the time
November 2nd, 2009
05:54 PM ET
1291 days ago
Biden stumps for Owens, takes dig at Palin
Biden stumped for Owens Monday.
Biden stumped for Owens Monday.
Related: Scozzafava campaigns for Owens
Follow Alex Mooney on Twitter @awmooneycnn
Filed under: Joe Biden • NY-23 • Popular Posts
soundoff (274 Responses)
1. no shows
from local reporting - big crowd!
"250 people gathered (50 of them are with the media); Watertown has a population of 30,000"
November 2, 2009 01:11 pm at 1:11 pm |
2. Merrick
The only lesson I have learned from Biden is you can be dumb as a box of rocks and still be Vice President.
3. Sniffit
HAHA...wow...talk about a GOP circular firing squad. The banishment of heretics will bite you in the bum neocons...guaranteed. Hoffman may well still win...after eating a few kittens with those giant yellow teeth of his...but, given the already existing leanings of upstate NY, don't think for a second that it's some massive litmus test regarding national sentiment towards the Obama administration or the progressive liberal agenda. Get real. It's just your average run-of-the-mill rural conservative area voting against its interests...again. Nothing to see there.
4. Carlos, THAT one
CONS ervatives are the pestilence in this society (word too big for you repugnants?) look it up in the dictionary if you have ever seen one
November 2, 2009 01:14 pm at 1:14 pm |
5. typical white person
The LOCAL party picked her (no primary race) and Hoffman went in independently before Limbaugh ever mentioned his name on the airwaves. So the above statement is wrong on all counts.
CNN – you should send your interns back to journalism school so they can learn how to do follow-up research on statements made by political hacks. This is why CNN is DEAD LAST in ratings.
6. Adam
Lanae, good luck trying to please all those groups.. We'll stick with simply believing in something and letting people vote for us because they believe what we do.. You can have the RINO's!
7. Mike in MN
Does Biden ever know what he is talking about. Hoffman decided to run on his own as a conservative because Scozzafeva was a liberal. Hoffman is not running as a Republican and was not chosen by Republicans, he is a third party. Many conservatives including conservative Republicans support Hoffman's conservative values. It's a free country. You can run as a third party if you want too and voters can support any candidate that most fits their values. The Republican party did not kick out Scozzafeva, in fact the RNC endorsed her. She quit on her own, no one made her. She quit when she saw the poll results that indicated her values did not represent very many voters in her district when they had a choice of her or a conservative candidate. The voters in her distirict rejected her, not the Republican party.
8. katiec
I cannot imagine any intelligent person letting theirselves be guided by the Limbaughs, Becks, Palins of this world.
How can anyone support these dispicable messengers of hate,
anger, fear mongering and lies?
Or the radical religious right who claim such purity yet resort to sewer tactics, whose only goal is to destroy our president, consequently our country, obstructing any and all actions to benefit the American people?
Who put party and winning at any cost over our survival?
Who have totally ignored what they were elected to do and that is
represent us and our country?
Wake up America, they led us down the road to destruction these last eight years and will continue to do so.
9. James
Joe didn't even know where his favorite diner was or that it had been closed for 30 years. Campaign Joe, campaign!
10. Matt
The Vice President spent his time talking about why people shouldn't elect Hoffman instead of why they should vote for Owens. This is a bad strategy and is something the Dems need to get away from.
Because it worked for President Obama (reality is that more people were casting a vote against George Bush than for President Obama...even in his speeches and debates, he talked about GW half the time) does not mean it should become the party line. The Dems are getting awfully close to alienating the American public again. Now more than ever, this country needs a centrist third-party that can cut through the garbage spewed on both sides of the aisle. Isn't there any third-party candidate that could have a legitimate chance at winning federal office?
November 2, 2009 01:17 pm at 1:17 pm |
11. Sniffit
"This is the party that many in the media have stated is not unified, in disharmony, no real ideas. Are those divisions NOT dissent in within the party."
They're not. What you're actually seeing is the majority of the GOP become alienated by extreme right-wing conservativism like that espoused by Limbaugh, Gingrich, Coulter, et al. The idea that a black progressive liberal completely spanked them in 2008 was anathema and has motivated them beyond all reason to cull the GOP herd for fear that anything on the liberal agenda will come to fruition, thus helping the American people and making the liberals look good, which they just plain can't allow if they want to return to power. Thus, anyone with anything resembling a moderate leaning or a willingness to compromise and move forward must be burned at the political stake. That's not representative of several factions disagreeing...particularly when all the moderate Republicans seem more than willing to bend over and take it sothey can continue to drink from the RNC election fund trough.
November 2, 2009 01:20 pm at 1:20 pm |
12. C. Farrell, Houston, Tx
Great news, NY Republicans are now voting Democrat because they are smart.
13. Mike in MN
Biden's an idiot. If the voters in NY23 supported Scozzafeva's values, she would have done better in the polls. The voters in the 23rd district are choosing Hoffman and his conservative values over Scozzafeva. The RNC did not make her quit nor did people like Palin or Pawlenty or Limbaugh make her quit. She quit because he voters in the polls were rejecting her and choosing Hoffman who is running under a third party. When Hoffman wins it will be because the voters in the 23rd district chose his conservative values over the liberal Owens and Scozzafeva. Owens and Schozzafeva gave voters little contrast to choice between. When Hoffman was added to the picture, voters flocked to the conservative choice over the two liberals. The people decided, not the Repubican party.
November 2, 2009 01:23 pm at 1:23 pm |
14. rachel
Yes Joe right because dissent among democrats is so welcome that's why democrats are trying to have an all out war with the blue dog democrats on healthcare cause dissent is so welcome in the the party. Maybe the blue dogs should teach the liberals a lesson. I think the repbulicans and the conservative are gonna take it. People dont like one party forcing their views on the majority.
November 2, 2009 01:27 pm at 1:27 pm |
15. Tony
Biden is unbelievably dim. This country has twice the amount of conservatists as liberals. And the numbers are growing by the minute with this administration's rush to re-distrubution of wealth and freebies to the pour. Hard work, morals and innovation are what made this country great. LEAVE MY WEALTH alone and give those that "need help" jobs. A trillion dollars is a terrible thing to waste. NO TO SOCIALISM!!! Come on 2010 and 2012, time for some REAL CHANGE!!!! This is the worst administration in the history of the US, and it only took 8 months to figure it out.
16. Sooze from Kona
The Republican Party has fizzled out. They are disappearing faster then the polar bears. They don't want to move anything forward. What did they do when they had the majority. Lie to the American people and take us into a war that we had no business being in! Who do they have Sarah the quiter, Rush the druggie, John Boehner the bottled tan, each is worse then the next.
November 2, 2009 01:30 pm at 1:30 pm |
17. Jay
Is Biden the Democrat's Palin? That's what it seems like when you read these blogs.
18. Isabelle
Wait a minute. Let me get this straight. Biden says, "Teach a lesson to those who say no dissent is allowed in their own party"?
Well that's an interesting comment coming from an administration that won't allow dissent anywhere. Just ask FOX news.
19. TangledThorns
Biden is a clown with no clue nor solutions. Sarah Palin is a real leader and will prove even more so tomorrow!
November 2, 2009 01:38 pm at 1:38 pm |
20. GH
"Let's face it....What really upsets the Dims and extreme left is that people like Limbaugh, Beck and Hannity, far from inciting hatred, have merely exposed the hypocrisy, lies and double-standards of the left." Yes, they've exposed all those things alright - of their own party.
21. Conservative
I am conservative. No I don't hate people because of race, religion, or economic class. I spend money I earn, not money I don't have. I work hard every day to EARN my way to the top. I do not expect the government or anyone else for that matter to take care of my health, education, or success. I take responsibility for my actions, not blame someone else. I understand that life is tough, not everything will go my way. I pray. I believe in God. I respect people that respect me. I help those that are less fortunate as much as I can. I love my family and work hard every day so my 2 daughters can live in a world better than mine. I am conservative.
22. New Yorker
Biden says "teach a lesson to those absolutists who say no dissent is permitted within your party". What a joke and hypocrite! The present regime in which he is a member attacks anyone who doesn't agree with their agenda. Go home, Biden, and stop flaunting your hypocrisy.
23. shmeckel
What a great reason to vote for someone. Don’t vote for the person that represents you best, no, vote democrat because I don’t like Rush and Palin. What great advice; we should always act out of spite.
November 2, 2009 01:42 pm at 1:42 pm |
24. MKE
to joe "the bell ringer" biden
we, as republicans, learned our lesson in 2008: moderate repubs like john mccain are good to have around, but do not make the best leaders of the party. 2010 is going to be a reckoning for the left. enjoy your majority while you still have it.
-conservative hispanic voter in milwaukee
November 2, 2009 01:45 pm at 1:45 pm |
25. USA
you say high profile and you cited Sarah Palin. I am one too because I amsmart than her.
November 2, 2009 01:46 pm at 1:46 pm |
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Wednesday, April 29, 2009
How I'm Surviving the Recession
As you all know, I lost my primary client 6+ months ago. At the time, I figured my emergency fund had about 4-5 months of living expenses. Am I broke now? No. It's 6+ months on, and I still have about four months in cash reserves (yes, I have earned and received some money during this time). In addition, I have outstanding invoices with one client, and that will be a minor windfall when they pay up.
Here's how I've survived:
1. I've embraced a frugality previously unknown to me. I still go out with friends maybe once a week, but I used to go out more often than that. I stay at home more than I used to, and this is dull -- however, I tend to figure that leaving the house costs about $25 (bus fare, maybe buy a magazine/movie ticket/lunch/drink/etc). As such, I'm more judicious about going out. (Side note: I never want to live like this again -- it drives me nuts; I'm not one of those people who find extreme personal satisfaction in extreme frugality (no offense if you do -- I just prefer the lifestyle I had, and I don't consider that luxurious, in fact, it was fairly frugal to begin with)).
2. My Crock Pot. This was a gift from my mother, and I'm glad I asked for it. Not only am I eating healthier (I'm an expert at veggie soups), it's cheaper to buy veggies than processed foods. I do add chicken or ham to some soups (what would black bean soup be without ham??!), and I have a bag of Ikea meatballs that I sometimes add to soups when I'm reheating them, though this is the exception more than the norm. I'm not eating as much soup as I was a couple months ago, though I attribute that more to the weather finally warming up. I'm planning on experimenting with roasting a whole chicken soon, which while easy, is something I've never done before.
3. Cooking more. I generally spend about $30-40 on groceries each week. Considering it's easy to spend that much on a moderate dinner, that's not bad (for me). I've expanded the number of "go to" dishes I make, and I've taken more interest in the food I cook for myself (aside from the soup craze I've gone through). In addition, I've pretty much eliminated high fructose corn syrup from my eat-at-home diet, which is fabulous. I just wish I could find a great strawbery jam that doesn't have HFCS. (As a side note, those commercials that try to make you think it's ok to consumer HFCS are reeking of BS -- the prevalence of obesity in the US is eerily related to the inclusion of HFCS in US food.)
4. Diversifying my client list. I wrote about this earlier, and it's one of the smarter choices I'm making as positioning myself business-wise. I learned my lesson about having too much invested in one client, and that's a mistake I'm not planning to repeat.
5. Taking (almost) all jobs offered, even if they pay low. I know I've ranted about this in different places, and I'm sad I've had to resort to doing work for sub-par rates. However, I spoke with an agency a few months ago, and they told me pretty clearly that they wouldn't be able to find me work as a technical writer, because of the type and length of experience I have, and more importantly, that there is a glut of technical writers with much more experience than I have. So, I'm picking up non-writing clients. This is nice in its own way, because these are clients that I never visit (because they are in different states), so I can fit their work in as it suits my personal daily schedule. Because of this, when I land a local client and need to visit them, it shouldn't interfere with my virtual clients much.
Jerry said...
LOVE this post! I'm very passionate about health and nutrition because I know it leads to true wellness. You're so right about the HFCS ads. They are ridiculous. The only insurance against this campaign to fatten up the American public is grow as much food as you can and cook with whole foods. Good for you!
dawn hild said...
Where have you been???
Please update your blog and let us know how your doing!!!!
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Edition: U.S. / Global
The New York Times
Wayne LaPierre Strikes Again
I’m chagrined that my own grandfather failed to leave a semi-automatic rifle in my stocking when I was a boy, but that sort of thoughtful holiday gift giving isn’t at issue.
Under Mr. Obama’s proposal, transfers of ownership within families would remain exempt from background check requirements. His aim is to prevent felons and the mentally ill from buying weapons, and to clamp down on “straw buyers” without a criminal record who buy weapons for law-breaking clients.
Mr. LaPierre rambled on: “Obama wants to put every private, personal firearms transaction right under the thumb of the federal government and he wants to keep all of those names in a massive federal registry. There’s only two reasons for a federal list on gun owners — to either tax them or take them.”
Actually, Mr. Obama hasn’t proposed a universal list. In addition to a more comprehensive system for background checks, here’s what Mr. Obama wants: For Congress to ban assault weapons and high-capacity magazines, good for killing lots of people in a short amount of time and nothing else in civilian life. If all of these suggestions become law, which probably won’t happen, the Second Amendment will stand, strong as ever.
Mr. LaPierre and other extremists may know that, but they don’t care: Their purpose is to keep their supporters fearful and paranoid.
Mr. LaPierre seems to think that his stand is somehow more true to the Constitution than the president’s. Wearing the term “absolutist” as a badge of honor, he said he was “as ‘absolutist’ as the Founding Fathers of the Constitution.” But that’s ludicrous. Federal regulation of firearms is as old as the Republic.
A law passed in 1792 on the organization of state militias required “free able-bodied white” men to have a musket, bayonet and belt, two spare flints and a cartridge box with 24 bullets. Men owning rifles were required to have a powder horn, a quarter pound of gunpowder and 20 rifle balls. (The law exempted members of Congress from the requirement, which was probably just an added public safety measure.)
I can only imagine some distant ancestor of Mr. LaPierre pounding a podium and denouncing that law as an outrage against the Bill of Rights. Suppose he wanted to have 23 bullets or 3.8 ounces of gunpowder?
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Who links to me?
Take the MIT Weblog Survey Who links to me?
October 23, 2005
O to the...G (Ya'll Ain't Hype...That's Why U Don't Dance?!)
I'm still buzzing off the energy from Friday night. All my L.A. family was in the house, with a few notable exceptions from the S.O.L.A.R. Panel - but no one can say they were uninvited - VENICE was in the building in a major m'fucken way... I was blessed to see Ras Kass for the first time since he's been home, I can see in his face that this year and next year are going to be the ones where he finally gets his due. Talib Kweli and a very pretty lady came through...now Kweli finally understands who I am and where I'm from - I was the first journalist to interview him as a solo artist and since then he's see me in many incarnations - Ecko Unltd, Complex Magazine, The Source, etc. - and now he's workin' with DJ Khalil too.
My fashion intern V brought about 30 cholos with her from the Valley, and for a few minutes there I felt the energy crackling like I used to back in the day at the juntas. There were a gang of O.G.'s at our record release party, and I was just waiting for the moment when the wrong person seen the wrong person...it would have been the wrong place, wrong time for real. Apparently the
Bang 'Em Smurf & Domination record release party, 3600 miles away, didn't fare so well...
But for once in Love Allah, everyone left the guns and the crack and the knives alone...I guess 'cause it was Chace Infinite on the microphone. Self Scientific performed to a packed house with the live band, and it was immaculate. I missed a lot of the show, running around, making sure Mitchy Slick had Patron in his glass, and E-Swift had Grey Goose and juice; checking the door for any straggling VIPs, after we'd BEEN ran out of bracelets; and randomly getting my own damn party on in the stolen moments in between.
DJ Muggs is a fool. He started off his set with that new Skateboard P and Gwen Stefani joint; which immediately had me jumping over the velvet rope; from the VIP side to the dance floor. I got to cut a rug with our accountant, his assistant, his fiance, and their homegirl, and it was mad fun. I looked up and there were about 50 chicks, ladies, bitches, and females dancing to Muggs' set. And everyone was looking good too.
So it begs the question - WHY is it so hard for men to dance with women nowaday? It's one of the reasons I started putting more time and energy into B-Girling, 'cause when you break it's cool to break alone. But me, when I'm listening to the oldies in my walkman, or bumpin' some shit in the boombox at the office, or listening to music in (other people's) cars - I always daydream about the few times I've really had the chance to dance in my life.
1. 1991 - Delmira's quinciniera when I had a red velvet dress, stockings, and heels on and I danced with Stephan (Rest in Peace) to cumbias.
2. 2001 - Some spot in the L.E.S. when DJ Soul was spinning and me and Trag were Tangoing and otherwise wildin out on the floor to the surprise of everyone who thought that gangstas don't dance.
4. 2004 - Upstairs at APT on a random night when I stopped by downstairs and it was Transvestite night; so I headed up and saw the homie Jabbar; who showed his true stripes as an O.G. by stepping with me for a dozen songs in a row, and stepping back to let me break for a couple, then stepping right back in to swing me around again. KILLER.
5. All those times I used to go to the Reggae parties in the house on Adams with the red light bulb, cutting a rug (not to mention cuttin' a monkey) something fierce with O.G. Cuervo PRZ. YEAH DAT.
DJ Rhettmatic of the World Famous Beat Junkies played a dope Funk set at the party, and no one was dancing. Just one lone B-Boy in a huge circle of wack partygoers. I mean, thanks for coming, but can ya'll m'fukkas dance, or not? What's the problem!
So for all you guys reading who think you're so cool...when there's dozens of women on the dance floor dancing alone, and you're hanging back blazin an el with the homies, or standing around talking about basketball, or whatever the fuck you're doing - you're slippin' holmes. DANCE NIGGA!! We don't care if you just 2-step. What the fuck. I just proved it above, real O.G.s DO dance.
!Ya Estuvo!
Mira la Assassina
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At 8:51 PM, Blogger writebrother said...
"Dance Nigga"? I'm not sure who told you you have a pass, but who are you to be talkin some nigga shit? I think that's a litle out of pocket. You're not Black, and even if you were you should have enough sense to keep that out your mouth. I don't care how down you think you are with hip-hop, how many brothas you hang out with, or how many years you been breakin', that does not give you a pass. You should check yourself.
At 2:58 AM, Blogger doer said...
At 5:29 AM, Blogger Antonio Hicks said...
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Durham e-Theses
You are in:
The orthodox patristic teaching on the human embryo and the ethical repercussions on abortion and related issues
Televantos, FR Anastasios (1998) The orthodox patristic teaching on the human embryo and the ethical repercussions on abortion and related issues. Masters thesis, Durham University.
Abortion and related issues have caused a conflict between Medical progress and Religious ethics. Historically, the life of the embryo was subordinated to the interest of the State in ancient Greece and of the father in ancient Rome (even though the Hippocratic oath was against abortion). It was Christianity that gave the foetus a high, independent, moral value. Science has proved that new, human, biological life starts at conception. Biblical, Anthropological evidence suggests that life is something sacred, for which God has an early interest. Iconography and Liturgical hymnology provide evidence that human, ensouled life starts at conception. The Holy Canons are strongly anti-abortion and strict not only towards women who perform abortion, but also towards anybody who helped them. Patristic writings themselves (notably St. Maximus the Confessor) emphasize that the body and soul are coeval at conception and that on Incarnation, Deity partook both body and soul simultaneously, at conception. The holy fathers were not always trying to fight abortion in their writings, but nevertheless an indirect negative stance may be extrapolated. This trend is followed by most modern Orthodox and Catholic moralists (Protestants to a lesser extent). Non-Christian religious ethics generally condemn abortion - but often for different reasons, derived from their faith teaching. There seem to be adverse psychological repercussions on the mother following abortion, while legalization on the issue follows the social trend and is therefore often in contradiction with the official teaching of the Church. Finally, the need for a proper pastoral approach is emphasized, as the decision to abort is often induced by existing personal/social pressures, and also because the advent of biotechnology seems to challenge the anti-abortion teaching of the Orthodox Church, despite its promises to solve problems associated with human reproduction.
Item Type:Thesis (Masters)
Award:Master of Arts
Thesis Date:1998
Copyright:Copyright of this thesis is held by the author
Deposited On:13 Sep 2012 15:56
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