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Sunday, January 11, 2009
How Come No Posts?
I have to admit to you that I've kind of dropped the ball on posting. It is a matter of attitude, I suppose. Either I've had no particular interest in the news stories or I do and have nothing particularly illuminating to say.
I'll give a couple examples.
Israel and Gaza are a big story, well here's the deal - I don't have a dog in that fight, I think both sides are assholes who couldn't have done a better job of ensuring conflict if they'd set out to do that. I do not mean over the past few months, for many decades. You can stick fault in your ear, it doesn't matter, fixing what's wrong matters. I've watched folks run all over hell's half acre with their hair on fire fixing blame and they are exactly why this won't get fixed. Yes, I include our government in that equation.
Sarah Palin? I don't do humor well enough to mock her sufficiently and any other reaction is just silly.
Bush and Cheney revisionism? Well, cripes, if you're reading this site you're an obvious political junkie and have some idea what's going on and been going on. So I can refrain from calling them lying sacks.
Obama seems to be making pretty smart choices for his administration and since they haven't done a damn thing yet to praise or damn... I suppose I could scoff at right wing blogs, but I'd have to read the damn things and besides, is it something new that the Republican Party is spiraling into weirdness?
Well, I'll see if I can come up with something...or if the world will.
1 comment:
Kevin said...
I can certainly relate to what you're saying about the Gaza conflict. But, personally, I can't not write about it.
I write about what I feel passionately about and I feel more passionately about this than just about anything else. The same was true during the 2006 War on Lebanon, except that then I divided my venting between two different blogs and now it's just on one blog.
I do however try to break it up with other content.
That said... It seems to me that we all have at least one dog in the Gaza fight, even if it's just to criticize the fact that our tax dollars are funding one side and our national political leaders are (largely) uncritically endorsing one side.
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Mon, Jan 28, 2013 | 12:29 GMT
Berners-Lee calls for computer science education at a younger age
Accredited with creating the World Wide Web, Tim Berners-Lee Knows a thing or two about the possibilities of computer coding. In a new new interview, Berners-Lee has called for an increase in computer science education at a younger age, to help children develop greater understanding of what makes computers tick, and how to code new applications and even games themselves.
Speaking in a video interview with World Economic Forum, Berners-Lee cautioned that while millions are using computer programs and using services like Twitter and Facebook, a low percentage of those users actually know how to code, or to understand why these tools and services work the way they do.
“A quarter of the planet uses the web,” he cautioned, “then within this quarter of people who may tweet and use social networks and so on, there’s a fairly small set of people who code. But when you look at those people, they have the ability to make a computer do whatever they can imagine.
Berners-Lee also discussed the nature of IT education in schools, and criticised teaching bodies for giving children classes on how to use Microsoft Word, instead of teaching them how to get the most of of computers technically, or giving them the knowledge to code themselves.
He added, “I think we have to be careful about prejudging what’s good and what’s bad in certain things. But learning to understand a computer, learning actually how a computer ticks and being able to program it is in fact a high idea.
What do you think? Are kids now becoming so naturally proficient at using computers that basic IT courses are wasted? Should coding be taught in schools at a deeper level? Let us know below.
Thanks to Develop for the transcription.
28/01/13, 12:56 pm
Game development should be taught at an early age. It touches a lot of main subjects such as Math/Science/Art.
Applying maths/physics to video games made me far more interested in learning them. I’m even into the history of math/science now, reading about Newton/Euler/etc.
28/01/13, 7:34 pm
Salute to this guy. One of the most important person of previous century.
29/01/13, 6:38 am
I think most kids would resist programming lessons as they are, but could really benefit from simple game designing tools like (I’m dating myself here) Klik & Play. There must be something like that around now, but it seems it’s very rare. Just something that let them drop in a few actor objects and add some script to define their behaviour could kindle an interest in the ones with potential in this area, I think. Then they could move on from there, while others would just sort of remember basic concepts, like basic music lessons or foreign languages that are only compulsory at beginner levels.
29/01/13, 9:20 am
Reel them in with something which doesn’t seem like programming is a good idea. I did a day at a primary school once where we brought Lego Mindstorm kits and laptops with us. We spent a good part of the day building robots/vehicles and then some time trying to program them to move around. The software was a bit archaic even then but the principles were good, what they were doing was essentially programming. It worked really well and the kids were engaged by different aspects. What I found interesting was that the boys tended to be attracted to the building part of the exercise and the girls were noticeably better at understanding and executing the programming side.
29/01/13, 11:20 pm
@5 Interesting. I don’t know if that’s a larger overall trend (I certainly don’t know of many female programmers anywhere in the world, though I worked with one very good database analyst) but your story makes me think of Ada Lovelace and how she contributed quite significantly to the programming for Charles Babbage’s difference engine, correcting his own logic sometimes.
30/01/13, 5:21 pm
Great article and kids today need math as that is the base. They need to memorize mathematical problems so they can build the left brain. Teach them the concept of IPO, input-Process-Output, and that at the transistor level, all computers are created equal. Demand they understand not only the decimal numbering system, but the binary numbering system too. Math is the base to learning and living in a technology world, and learning about computers (technology) needs to be fun. Bring back the lab, and the 8-bit processor and teach some assembly language, and drive some DC current to a bread board and learn about resistance and how that effects current, and turn on some LED’s, and design a traffic intersection and control the traffic lights. Every kid getting out of 6th grade should know this. Then move them on to learn to address the real problems we face. Every day 10,000 people turn 60 and with older age comes vision loss, and technology isolation. Millions of older adults will need an EASY GUI, or often called ezGUI, and we need the next generation to understand the problems and encourage them to solve the problem. If you learn to love math, you will enjoy the challenge to solve technical problems. Not everybody is a programmer, but everybody needs to learn the base which all programmers need.
Da Man
30/01/13, 5:24 pm
Also, they should start by teaching kids how to use paragraphs.
30/01/13, 5:29 pm
That is part of the same problem. Lack of education.
30/01/13, 8:19 pm
I think the idea of getting kids into programming is a good and feasible one. I am directing the Scalable Game Design project and involved in a study funded by the National Science Foundation with over 10,000 students (elementary, middle and high school) indicating that students are not only motivated across gender and ethnicity but also that they acquire skills through game design which, later, they can apply towards science simulation building. Some links:
- The Scalable Game Design strategy:
- project summary:
- see sample 2D and 3D games and run in browser:
09/02/13, 10:23 pm
Khan Academy has some great introductory computer science materials.
Leave a Reply
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Thursday, December 16, 2010
The Conservative Case for the Pardon Power
Right On Crime (added to our blog listing) is a new site which claims to focus on "Conservative" views of the criminal justice system. In particular, it takes an interest in reducing crime, reducing the costs of criminal justice, reforming past offenders, restoring victims and protecting communities. In its Statement of Principles, the site notes that "Conservatives are known for being tough on crime," but argues it is also vital to achieve "a cost-effective system that protects citizens, restores victims, and reforms wrongdoers." In addition:
The corrections system should emphasize public safety, personal responsibility, work, restitution, community service, and treatment—both in probation and parole, which supervise most offenders, and in prisons. An ideal criminal justice system works to reform amenable offenders who will return to society through harnessing the power of families, charities, faith-based groups, and communities.
With these very concerns (and others) in mind, here are some reasons why Conservatives should favor well-articulated clemency policies which 1) regularize the process and minimize the tendency toward last-minute blitzes 2) restore a proper balance between the branches of government 3) address the specific concerns of Conservatives and 4) re-educate the American public as to the significance of the pardon power:
Reason 1: The pardon power is explicitly vested in the President of the United States by Article II, Section 2 of the United States Constitution. It is not derived from a so-called "elastic clause" or inferred from penumbras emanating from the Bill of Rights. The pardon power is not the result of a "test" imposed by judicial fiat, or a goal-oriented construction of the traditions and conscience of the people, or tortured divination of what is implicit in the concept of ordered liberty. It is a power explicitly granted and as firmly entrenched in the Constitution as the provisions creating a House and Senate and the federal judiciary.
Reason 3: The pardon power is not a fetish of ancient monarchs that accidentally crept its way into the Constitution. It is an important part of our system of checks and balances. Although political scientists have long recognized that our government more accurately features "shared" powers (as opposed to truly "separated" powers), the fact of the matter is that each branch has its unassailable weapon in the system of checks and balances. The Supreme Court has judicial review. Congress has the spending power. The president has the pardon power. For centuries, pardons have made up for the lack of flexibility in laws, anticipating - long before Congress - such considerations as reformation and rehabilitation, the juvenile status of offenders, the possibility of insanity, the considerable costs of incarceration, degrees of guilt in relation to murder, etc. Of course, pardons have also been used to blunt the impact of imperfect decision making in the judicial branch. To be sure, Conservative Presidents - for whatever reason - can neglect this power. But they do so at a cost to our political system and in direct contradiction to the intent of the Founding Fathers.
Reason 4: Conservatives have long recognized the importance of incentives, even in the arena of crime and criminal justice. But the public (and, evidently, most in the news media) doesn't seem to be aware of the fact that the typical (as in well over 95 percent) recipient of a presidential (or gubernatorial) pardon, today (and for the last several decades), is someone who has already served their time (if there was any time to serve), has taken care of all associated fines and penalties, and has integrated back into the community as a law-abiding citizen. That is to say, presidential pardons are not springing hardened professional gangland criminals from our prisons and tossing them into the streets, or overturning the judgement of judges and juries. The impact of pardons is to simply restore the civil rights of applicants. The pardon allows them to vote again, serve on a jury, run for public office, own a hunting rifle, etc. The problem is, today, the typical presidential pardon is also granted more than two decades after the offense, when the applicant is probably in his/her 60's or 70's. This, in itself, prompts many to ask, "Why bother? Why does a person even want a pardon?" It is clear that presidential pardons, if granted on a more regular basis, and in a more relevant manner, could provide powerful incentives for hopeful recipients to demonstrate just the kind of reform Conservatives (and every American) should desire.
Reason 5: "Controversial" acts of clemency get the lion's share of attention from the news media, and reasonably so. But this kind of attention invariably warps the public's general perception of pardons and, to some extent, the perceptions of politicians (who tend to view pardons as huge political risks requiring some grand expenditure of political capital). But Conservatives should give a long hard look at recent pardon "controversies." Yes, Democratic presidents have dropped some stink bombs along the way. But, on the Republican side, there is Richard Nixon, the Iran-Contra figures, Scooter Libby, etc. These pardons have all had a distinct "political" feel to them. Indeed, along the way, Republicans frequently expressed concern that Democrats were hunting for "show trials" and "criminalizing" policy differences. If there is even the slightest element of truth to these claims, we must seriously ask: Where would this country be, today, without the pardon power?
Reason 6: Conservatives and Liberals may differ as to the effectiveness of the War on Drugs, but no one doubts that it has failed to accomplish all that was hoped for and that it is very costly. Recently, Democrats and Republicans rolled back the 100 to 1 disparity in crack cocaine sentencing, reducing the ratio to 18 to 1. While the criminal justice system is likely to be more fair, as a result, even the most basic notions of justice (Conservative or Liberal) demand that we now consider the circumstances of those who were convicted under the previous legislation (almost 30,000 inmates). Congress has probably done all that it is going to do in this matter. It is the president who should now consider the careful, systematic use of the pardon power (or, more specifically, commutations of sentence) in individual cases - at a minimum - for first time, non-violent offenders who have already served considerable sentences and show evidence of rehabilitation (just as an example). In addition to approximating fairness, such use of the pardon power could save tax payers millions of dollars.
Reason 7: In recent years, some Conservatives have rethought their position on the death penalty. On the surface, it does seem quite odd that an ideology which seems to instinctively distrust the government would express such enthusiastic support for a process like capital punishment. Conservatives loath the growth of government and the expansion of its power. Catch phrases like "the nanny state" and "over-criminalization" are often employed by Conservative columnists. Or, in the very words of Right on Crime:
In addition to the profusion of federal statutory crimes, there are additional state crimes (Texas alone has over 1,700), and federal regulatory offenses (approximately 300,000). The creation of these often unknowable and redundant crimes, the federalization of certain crimes traditionally prosecuted at the state level, and the removal of traditional mens rea requirements all contribute to a relentless trend known as overcriminalization.
Message to Conservatives: When George Washington worried that the government's charges of treason against the Whiskey Rebels were too Draconian, he pardoned them. When Thomas Jefferson thought the Alien Sedition Acts went too far, he promised, if elected, to pardon those who were convicted. As soon as he became president he pardoned the last individuals who were still being held for writing bad things about John Adams. When Woodrow Wilson had his veto of the Volstead Act overridden, he set records for pardons of individuals who violated drug and alcohol laws. When John F. Kennedy thought mandatory minimum sentences for drug offenders were too harsh, he granted pardons accordingly. Jimmy Carter promised a blanket amnesty for Vietnam draft offenders and delivered. It is quite obvious that, if Conservative presidents (and governors) ever decide to get serious about addressing the problems associated with government overreach, the pardon power is there, waiting.
Reason 8: Since the "law and order" campaigns of Richard Nixon, Conservatives have placed every seemingly "soft on crime" politician on the radar. When crime was among the highest concerns of Americans in Gallup polls (the 1960s and 1970s), it was clearly a strategy that worked, at many levels. Would Conservative presidents be going "soft" on crime if they granted pardons - as most presidents have throughout history - frequently, and on a regular basis throughout, the calendar year? There is certainly no doubt that someone, somewhere will make the accusation, especially if a single pardon recipient (out of no matter how many hundreds, or thousands) commits an additional offense. On the other hand, if pardons are granted more frequently, and on a regular basis, the American public (and the media) will quickly learn what has largely been forgotten: again, the typical pardon does not spring anyone from prison. It simply restores rights. An additional benefit of a more regular use of the pardon power is that pardons granted to the president's friends, fellow partisans and political supporters (all of which deserve justice and fair consideration as much as anyone else) will appear less significant. In general, the fewer pardons granted, the more obnoxious such pardons will appear (rightly or wrongly).
Should Conservatives take the lead on this matter? Should they take the risk, when it is much easier to simply do nothing? For the sake of the purity of our political system, in order to benefit from the wisdom of our Founding Fathers, in order to pursue justice and economic efficiency in the criminal justice system and in order to better articulate concerns with / and combat the ever invasive expansion of government ... the answer is clearly "yes."
Anonymous said...
Best article Ive seen on the subject. Been following this blog for a couple years now, & this piece covered all the issues. Bravo...
Anonymous said...
Thank you Mr. Ruckman. Restoration of one's right is an act of humanity, and a fair consideration of justice.
beth said...
As usual you cover all the bases with logic
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2006 Extra Mile Awards
We're once again praising the folks who, through innovations introduced over the past 12 months, have made travelers' lives easier, more enjoyable, and just plain better. As a reward for their good deeds, this year's winners receive a pat on the back and an invite to our fancy awards dinner at The Modern restaurant in New York City--not to mention one highly coveted snow globe.
JetBlue Airways: On long flights, the little things make a big difference
Rather than removing amenities and nickel-and-diming customers with $7 sandwiches and $25 excess baggage charges, JetBlue actually added perks. The airline gives every passenger on an overnight flight a free Bliss Spa kit with earplugs, eye masks, mint lip balm, and a small tube of lemon-and-sage body butter moisturizer. Passengers on red-eye flights--or "shut-eyes," in JetBlue parlance--receive lemon-scented hot towels prior to landing, too. "We wanted to bring humanity back into travel," says Eric Brinker, JetBlue's director of brand management and customer experience.
JetBlue also introduced a self-serve snack pantry on all cross-country routes. Whenever passengers feel like it (and the seat-belt sign is off), they may head to the back of the plane to help themselves to Terra Blues chips, Doritos Munchies Mix, and more. "They can take what they want without feeling like they're going to get their hand slapped," says Brinker.
Westin Hotels & Resorts: A breath of fresh air in the hotel industry
After conducting a survey that showed 92 percent of its guests request non-smoking rooms, Westin became the first major U.S. hotel chain to ban smoking in all 77 of its North American properties--not just in rooms, but also in bars and restaurants. Before the policy went into effect in January, every one of Westin's 2,400 previously smoking rooms was thoroughly de-smoked: Bedding, pillows, drapes, and air-conditioning filters were replaced; walls, carpets, and other surfaces were treated to eliminate allergens and smells. "It was a nervous decision and it was a huge deal, but I think the gamble paid off," says Sue Brush, senior vice president at Westin. It sure seems so: Not only did the chain receive a lot of positive guest feedback, but other industry players have followed suit. All Marriott hotels in the U.S. and Canada--comprising nearly 400,000 guest rooms--have likewise banned smoking.
Eos Airlines: First-class treatment that extends out onto the sidewalk
With 48 fully reclining seats on a plane that could accommodate 220 passengers, Eos offers a luxurious way to cross the Atlantic. What's most impressive is that the plush treatment begins before passengers even get on board. "We take an end-to-end approach," says David Spurlock, Eos's founder and chief strategic officer. "It's not just about the in-flight experience." The airline, which began flying its sole route between New York JFK and London Stansted last October, originally asked passengers running late to call so that an Eos representative could meet them at their car and speed them through check-in and security. The curbside greeting--which enabled passengers to arrive at the airport only 45 minutes before departure--proved to be so popular that Eos made it standard practice. "Our passengers keep hectic schedules, and it's our job to minimize the impact of traveling," says Spurlock. "They're just blown away that an airline actually cares."
Transport for London: A pricey city is helping families out
Every government claims to want to help children and encourage public transportation. Last September, the city of London actually did something. Mayor Ken Livingstone's government made riding city buses and trams free for kids under 16 (recently extended to all full-time students 17 and under). And, since April, kids under 11 can use the subway for free, so long as they're accompanied by a paying adult during off-peak hours--all day on weekends and after 9:30 A.M. on weekdays. When anyone 18 or over shows a valid ticket, up to four kids can tag along for free. "Staff have been advised to question the accompanying adult at the time of travel, and generally take their word that the child is under 11," says Peter Legg, ticketing policy manager at Transport for London, the city's public transportation authority.
Paris, France: For those times when having exact change isn't top of mind
When you need to use a restroom in a big city, there are usually two courses of action: Beg at a hotel or restaurant, or track down the elusive public toilet. If you wind up at the latter, you might be required to insert a few coins--which is downright maddening if you don't have correct change handy. (Finding a store that'll make change might prove harder than begging a café owner to take pity on you.) In January, Paris's city council voted to eliminate fees at 420 self-cleaning toilets conveniently located on sidewalks all over town. "The council decided that public use was more important than any loss of income from the coin-operated toilets," says Laurent Queige, cabinet director for the deputy mayor in charge of tourism. "To use them now, you just push the door," says Queige.
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Offshore investing and Private Banking
08 Nov
HSBC Private Bank building on St James's Street, London, England
HSBC Private Bank building on St James’s Street, London, England
The term ‘private banking’ is becoming so prolific that it’s close to losing the prestige that once connected to the intensely secret relations between a bank and its wealthy clients. Traditionally, international banks have required a minimum deposit of $100,000 to ear preferential treatment but over the past years this minimum has been reduced to amounts as low as $10,000. Banks have realized over time that cultivating relationships with the smaller investor is worth the effort in the hopes that he will have a larger excess of cash to invest in the future.
Most private banking is now seen as an entry into investment management versus the familial relationship with a banker you personally trust with your money. Those more personal relationships are reserved for the extremely wealthy with minimum $10M more often than for more moderate investors. While private banking does not necessarily mean offshore it is a very common offshore investment opportunity. When you are looking for a bank that is offering a customized relationship you need to understand what the bank is offering and how they hope to benefit through their service.
Private banking is more than just offshore investment it means fees for services rendered. You want to be clear that you will be investing a large enough sum to afford a profit once the banking fees have been covered. The bank can profit through offering bridge financing or providing transit for large funding amounts. The bank may continue to develop a relationship with you in hopes of a more substantial investment from you down the road. You need to always remember that your initial involvement will simply be that of a client with his financial advisor.
Ensuring that your investments are legal at home and in the country within which you will be banking. Some countries require that residency guidelines be met before an investment or deposit can be made through one of their banking establishments. You must remember that in most countries you must still report earnings from investments in offshore bank accounts and many countries require the reporting of these offshore accounts as financial assets. Because of this most offshore banks require that you sign documentation acknowledging that they will either withhold tax or exchange information with your country of residence. If a bank is not licensed in your home country it may not be allowed to offer you an account at all. You will be held responsible for abiding by the laws of the country where you reside.
Finding an offshore bank with an investment platform that you can believe in may pose a lengthy search. It is best to approach associates who have a history with different banking establishments for recommendations rather than to rely upon received advertisements. There are also many quality internet websites that offer reviews of services provided by offshore banks. It is important to ensure that they bank you choose has a well-established provider in the country where you want to invest.
Several jurisdictions offer a choice of banking establishments that could meet your needs. The Cook Islands, Bahamas, Luxembourg, the Cayman Islands, and Hong Kong are but a few of the countries that can meet your legal and banking needs. These countries offer well-established systems of international banking with a variety of banks to offer services to you.
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http://www.investoffshore.com/offshore-investing-and-private-banking/
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comments_image Comments
Debris Headed to a Beach Near You? Sailors Track Tsunami's Destruction from Japan to US
In one event, an estimated 3 billion pounds of buoyant debris washed from Japan’s shores. Here's a firsthand account of where some of that went.
Photo Credit: Lindsey Hoshaw
You can view a photo slideshow by Stiv Wilson of his journey here on AlterNet.
One March 11, 2011 a tsunami devastated Japan’s northern prefectures causing one of the worst human and environmental catastrophes in modern history. The images of chaos and destruction were broadcast around the world, depicting one of the most awful natural disasters conceivable--a standing wave between 30-133 feet high traveling at 500 mph across the ocean, reaching as far as 6 miles inland. Such opulent power triggers something primeval in us—the survivalist—one can’t but help to place himself on a street, imagining what that wave would look like roaring down it at him. Oh the horror.
Still, over a year later, the public imagination is transfixed by the event as tsunami debris has begun to land on the shores of North America. Everyday, several stories emerge about agency cleanup efforts and curious flotsam. Fox News, for their part, in a startling moment of insensitivity said, “Who is going to pay for this cleanup? How about the Japanese, it’s theirgarbage.”
In one event, an estimated 3 billion pounds of buoyant debris washed from Japan’s shores. Researchers from the International Pacific Research Institute (IRPC) in Hawaii created animated graphics predicting when the debris will make landfall on the other side of the Pacific. One of the men responsible for making this happen, a hitherto relatively obscure researcher named Nikolai Maximenko found himself inundated by hungry press wanting to know when debris would arrive.
But never mind the fact that the press had barely heard of the IRPC before the tsunami, nor has the public looked at all the other IRPC models depicting 5 oceanic gyres where debris constantly collects and has increased in density over 100 times in the past 40 years. Never mind that the last best study that estimates how much garbage washes out to sea every year was done in 1975 when world population was a little more than half of what it is now. Forget, too, that plastic production was only a fraction of today’s consumption and that 90% of what floats in the ocean is plastic. Discard, too, that the study only includes maritime inputs (garbage from ships, not land based) and equates to 14 billion pounds. With all the vectors by which we trash our seas, it seems a good bet that almost 3 billion pounds of garbage leaves land almost everyday.
But tsunami debris is special; special because it was taken by a wave, connected to humans, and not haphazardly littered on the beach, by a river, or in the gutter. In Oregon, where a length of dock washed up on Agate Beach near Newport, disaster tourism is so prevalent that county officials were reluctant to see the dock removed, citing the boost to the local economy from disaster beachcombers. In Port Orchard, Washington, a fishing float that may or may not be tsunami debris is on sale at a local shop for $400. How long until this stuff is on Ebay?
Landing in Japan
This spring I joined an expedition organized by the 5 Gyres Institute and Algalita Marine Research Foundation to sail from Tokyo to Oahu to observe and study the tsunami debris field. The scientific goals of the expedition were to: assess how the computer models generated by IRPC and others reconciled with empirical observation from sea, gather baseline data for plastic density in the understudied western half of the North Pacific Garbage Patch, understand the speed of photo-degradation of plastics in to small pieces in the ocean, and to assess the threat posed by invasive species hitching a ride across the sea.
But beyond the science, the expedition team traveled to the tsunami affected north of Japan to seek a metaphorical alpha point for the voyage. Near Sendai, in the northern prefectures next to where the Fukushima meltdown occurred, the land was quiet, nearly deserted as the government had just opened the area, citing acceptable levels of radiation. Geiger counters could be bought just about anywhere, and we had procured a cheap version from a local 7/11 just to be safe.
The landscape was decimated, haunting. Here there were untold amounts of destroyed rice fields, thousands of empty house foundations, lost neighborhoods, and walking through the destruction was akin to stepping into the first chapters of Alan Weisman’s The World Without Us.Streets abruptly ended at cliffs above new streams and tributaries. Scattered everywhere were all manner of human effects: children’s stuffed animals, toys, kitchen supplies, picture-less frames. Along the side of the road were piles and piles of debris that had been sorted by type. Things like mattresses were piled 50 feet high and a quarter mile long as well as toilets, metal, concrete, cars, wood, glass. The constant hum of heavy equipment burning diesel could be heard as slowly, painstakingly, Japan dug out from a topography-altering catastrophe. But where the debris would go was in question—protests in other prefectures had erupted as no one wanted potentially radiated tsunami debris in their own backyard. On the beach was plastic, stratified in the sand by wind, and I couldn’t help but note that even after a tsunami, I saw less plastic trash on this beach than ones I’d seen in Nicaragua, South Africa, and Portugal.
Our team volunteered to help with disaster relief, agreeing to spend a day digging out a woman’s house from a mudslide that buried one side of it. At first, the Japanese officials overseeing the volunteers were skeptical of us: what was this rag tag group of artists, photographers, scientists, journalists and activists doing here? But one thing translates beyond any language barrier: hard work. We labored for hours digging mud and quickly we had won the hearts of our Japanese foreman. And after this breakthrough the formality dropped and they shared their personal stories of the tsunami as we sat and listen to them, silent. They told missives of loss, pollution and government infighting. They talked about the uncertain future of nuclear power in Japan.
But for all the sadness of their tales, one thing was certain: it was entirely un-Japanese to wallow in self-pity—no, the Japanese are incredibly strong culturally and are tirelessly working to rebuild their country. The two defining characteristics of the people we observed were resilience and efficiency. In fact, these people were years ahead already of where Hurricane Katrina relief was dropped years ago.
To Sea
On the coat tails of the first typhoon of season, Mawar, our team left Yokohama Harbor on June 11th bound for Hawaii, some 3,500 nautical miles away following Maximenko’s model of the tsunami debris field. In total, we had a crew of 12 aboard all cramped into a poorly ventilated sailing vessel, some 72 feet long. Our team included Brazilian, Australian, Swiss, Mexican, Bermudian, South Korean, USA and UK nationals. Skill sets varied from the artistic, to waste management professionals, coastal cleanup coordinators, journalists, photographers, filmmakers, professional sailors, and scientists all at the forefront of their fields. The model of the expedition is unlike other research voyages; this team was assembled to study not only the tsunami debris, but also the debris within the context of the larger anthropogenic pollution problem in the gyres and then communicate his or her experience to a global audience; all at different touch points and with different constituencies from opposite hemispheres of the brain. The shared ethos amongst the crew was this: one, a global problem requires a global response; two, the tragedy of the tsunami is an opportunity to educate on a bigger scale to a captive, engaged audience.
Within 12 hours of gaining the open ocean out of Tokyo Bay, bad weather was on us. Thirty knot winds, heavy seas and rain so hard visibility didn’t extend to the front of the ship. Conversations aboard considered the contingencies; tsunami debris present vs. small steel sailing ship steered in poor visibility. What are the limits of radar? How strong is the hull? To be safe, the watertight bulkhead door to the front of the ship remained closed at all times in case of a hull breach.
The ocean is big. There is no way to impress that fact upon someone who hasn’t crossed one. Statistics like the ocean covers 70% of the earth’s surface are meaningless to a population that on average ventures fewer than 40 miles from home, daily.
But when the math of the ocean’s size starts hitting the brain, finding flotsam in any quantity is alarming, especially when spotting garbage is at least a thousand times more common than seeing wildlife. The chief science officer, Dr. Marcus Eriksen of 5 Gyres, had arranged at-sea interviews with major news organizations about the voyage. Upon ‘finding’ the debris field, a theoretical place in space and time, perceived by much of the public and press to have an appearance of a contiguous mass, was where the major news organizations wanted their stories set. But most of them only wanted stories if we discovered exceptional debris like refrigerator trucks and severed appendages floated by shoes. Ordinary household effects like buckets, detergent bottles, and laundry baskets were ever present in the water, but distinguishing between regular pollution and tsunami pollution was difficult.
In fact, as part of the larger macro-debris studies while at sea, our crew participated in timed observations of the sea surface which involved two people sitting on the bow of the ship, one watching left, the other, right for an hour. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) developed a protocol for the activity where observers record and classify everything that floats past. After gathering 41 hours of data, the expedition’s results found that 98% of marine debris out there is plastic, and was seen every 3.6 minutes traveling at an average of around six knots over 3,500 nautical miles. Every 60 nautical miles we deployed a surface trawl, too, to gather micro-plastic debris present. Each sample, from a swath of ocean 60 centimeters by 25, yielded a handful of photo-degraded plastic confetti. Yikes.
If one considers the average home’s inventory, anywhere in the world, the majority of objects aren’t necessarily of any intrinsic or aesthetic value; they’re just synthetic forms made for utility meant to be discarded after a couple of uses. A water bottle that finds its way to a watershed has the same effect of losing one in a tsunami, scientifically speaking. Positively identifying tsunami debris is easier for the rarer objects in our lives, like spare tires, Harley Davidson’s, wall or flooring material, propane tanks and boats—the things that are rarely, if ever, littered or fall out of an overflowing garbage can.
Such were the things we found that we positively identified as tsunami debris, some 1,500 miles east of Japan—almost at exactly the same day the dock section washed up in Oregon, thousands of miles farther east. What’s the explanation? Scientifically, different objects travel at different speeds, depending on how much sticks out of the water and is affected by wind. But to try to develop a simulation that accounts for wind sheer and predicts how two like objects will travel is almost an exercise in futility. The North Pacific Ocean as a mechanism isn’t a very well known scientific story; it’s a variation on a theme. As Dr. Curtis Ebbesmeyer, author of Flotsametrics,told me in an analogy speaking about how the North Pacific works, “After you sweep your floor, you know where some of the dust bunnies will gather again--like in the corners, but others will form in places you never expected.” This is how the ocean works, he explained.
Discovering Tsunami Debris
“It’s a whale,” shouts someone from the foredeck. I jump out of my bunk, grab my camera and rush to the bow of the ship. Seeing anything other than garbage at sea is a major event. But as we drew closer on a calm ocean, the object we spotted was not organic. Bobbing in faint swell was the bow of boat, clearly marked with Japanese characters. We took the sails down and prepared to dive.
In the water, the rest of the boat was visible. Swimming 1,500 miles from Japan, in 10,000 feet of water observing an object that was ripped from its mooring haunted me to the core. Underwater, perhaps 50 fish had populated the boat, using it as shelter from predators. One species was a coral dwelling type, not an open ocean fish and it shouldn’t have been there at all. In the water, I could see the rope that was torn from the bow cleat when the wave hit. Where the other two thirds of the ship had gone was anyone’s guess. Only a few barnacles had inhabited the hull and fouling growth was minimal. “It’s likely that this boat was unattended when the tsunami hit,” said Dr. Eriksen, observing the frayed rope, piecing together, forensically what had happened. Both of us took solace in the likelihood that this object wasn’t connected to a human when it was ripped out to sea. Someone had lost a boat, but most likely, not a life. Using the registration number on the boat, broadcast through NHK, a Japanese news agency, we’re still trying to locate the owner.
Other objects we discovered that we positively identified as tsunami debris were a spare tire from a light truck, still inflated, never used. Most likely it had floated from the back of a truck when the wave withdrew. We also found a section of traditional Japanese flooring, called a Tatami mat. The original Tatami mats consist of woven reeds, straw interior and a cloth border. This modern version had Styrofoam added for cushioning or traction. This latter discovery hit the crew hard. This was someone’s home, an artifact that supported the movements of a household and all of us wondered the same thing: was anyone standing there when …?
I have now traveled to four of the five subtropical oceanic gyres or garbage patches as they’re called. I’ve pulled out tampon applicators, buckets, shotgun shells, syringes, lighters, bottle caps, toy soldiers—you name it—if it’s plastic and it floats, it’s out there. On this trip, we found a bottle cap, possibly from the tsunami that had sea anemones living in it—in the middle of the ocean! But the vast majority of garbage present isn’t there because of a tsunami. It’s there because of small, seemingly insignificant habits by individuals, you and me, that together as a world population have a tsunami’s effect worth of pollution.
The initial findings of the expedition posit this: the wave of tsunami debris won’t be a single event, it will be a slow steady trickle for years and years. Offshore of North America is a dominant phenomenon called the California Current. This current flows from north to south, keeping most of the ocean born plastic garbage off US beaches. When strong westerly flows occur, the ocean’s deposit is made on our sand, tsunami and otherwise. But finding a boat 2,500 miles east at the same time a dock washes up on a beach in Oregon means this: no one can really predict where it all is, or when it’s all going to land. Like plastic debris, some tsunami debris will spend years if not decades in the ocean before it’s spit out.
Back to Oregon
I arrived back to Agate Beach, Oregon, just in time to see the last bits of the Japanese dock being removed from the beach. Charlie Plybon, Oregon Field Manager for the Surfrider Foundation, said that 40,000 cars had visited the parking lot at Agate in one weekend; the usage statistics typical of several weeks. Calls and emails come to him everyday from all over the world, inquiring about tsunami debris asking every kind of tsunami sensationalist question imaginable. As Cylvia Hayes, First Lady of Oregon who is helping to facilitate a tsunami cleanup task force said to me, “The fact that tsunami debris from the tragedy in Japan is now washing up on the shores of Oregon is powerful evidence that our oceans connect us all and we all have a stake in their health. I think it’s very important to recognize that while the tsunami debris is extraordinary, it is only a fraction of the amount of plastic trash in our oceans. This is a serious problem that deserves serious action.” Indeed it is Cylvia, and I couldn’t agree more, I’ve been there.
Click here to see a photo slideshow by Stiv Wilson of his journey.
Stiv Wilson is a freelance journalist and communications and policy director for the 5 Gyres Institute, a global NGO working on plastic and chemical pollution in the world's oceans and watersheds.
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A chat with ... author/musician Patti Smith
Early Buzz: 'Stargate,' 'Top Chef,' 'Tron' and more headlines
16 things I learned from Sofia Coppola and Stephen Dorff
By Whitney Matheson, USA TODAY
Last night I attended a conversation featuring Somewhere director Sofia Coppola, star Stephen Dorff and moderator Jason Zinoman (from the New York Times).
The bulk of the talk was spent discussing Coppola's new film, which offers what Dorff called "the most challenging role of my career by far." To recap the 90-minute TimesTalks event, however, would offer several spoilers about scenes and plot elements that you probably don't want to read.
"Everybody has moments (where they) have to decide what kind of person they want to be," Coppola told us. That, in a nutshell, is the point of Somewhere. Below are 16 more things I learned from the evening. Some relate to the movie, others don't:
1. The Somewhere script is short. The film is light on dialogue; Coppola said the script is about half the length of an average script. "I feel like in life people rarely articulate what they mean," she said. Dorff: "I always find that scripts are overwritten."
2. Dorff has lived at the Chateau Marmont -- twice. The actor admitted that after the 1994 film Backbeat, he checked into the hotel for about three weeks ... until he realized he didn't exactly have the money to live at the Chateau. The second time he lived there was during shooting of Somewhere, which made production much easier.
3. The cast improvised. Coppola had Dorff, young co-star Elle Fanning and Lala Sloatman (who plays his ex) improv meals and fights so they could get to the place they needed in the film, which takes place after the pair has split.
4. Stephen has been to Color Me Mine. Coppola also had Dorff pick up Fanning from school one day and spend the afternoon with her as a bonding exercise. "(I'm thinking) I'm smokin' too much and my car smells," he told the crowd. The two ended up going to Pinkberry and the pottery-painting shop. They both made creations for Coppola, which she still has: a soapdish from Fanning and an ashtray from Dorff.
5. Motherhood influenced Somewhere. "I'd just had my first daughter, so I was thinking about how that changes your perspective and your priorities," Coppola said of writing the script.
6. Paper Moon influenced Somewhere. Coppola showed Dorff the film during production. She also watched Chantal Akerman's Jeanne Dielman (a movie with very long takes, similar to Somewhere).
7. Photographer Helmut Newton influenced Somewhere. "There's kind of a little flavor of Helmut's girls lingering about," Coppola said.
8. Coppola wanted a change after making Marie Antoinette. "After that, I really wanted to go do something small and intimate," she said. In contrast, the Somewhere crew was very small.
9. The word "locationships"? That means relationships you have on the set of a movie. Dorff said he hasn't had one.
10. Coppola is careful about music. In Somewhere, she said she tried to "only use music when the character would be listening to it."
11. Dorff's mother didn't like her son playing villains. "I know my mom's kinda smiling when she saw this movie," he said of his late mother. "This is exactly the kind of part she'd want me to play."
12. Dorff once appeared on an episode of Diff'rent Strokes. Sadly, Gary Coleman did not appear in the ep.
13. Francis Ford Coppola used to write in casinos. Why? Because, said Sofia, they were open 24 hours.
14. Coppola still remembers riding in the helicopter on the set of Apocalypse Now. She was 4 or 5 at the time.
16. Sofia Coppola is one of the few people on the planet who can start a sentence by saying, "My dad and his friend George Lucas ..." Jealous?
Somewhere opens Dec. 22.
A chat with ... author/musician Patti Smith
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Thursday, July 27, 2006
The Motor-Voter Effect
DA 2/3s numbers below average 07-16-2006
The Herald Staff , From the Plainview Daily Herald
Herald Correspondent
Perry Dorrell, aka PDiddie said...
Richard Orr also has a pretty good blog.
kaptinemo said...
Not a criticism, just a suggestion. You might want to try using to place a link on the frontpage, so it doesn't overrun the column boundaries. It's a very handy tool and it's free.
kaptinemo said...
Oops, the name of the link didn't show. It's TinyURL.
AlanBean said...
Thanks so much
silentlamb said...
I just had to comment. I know this article is fairly old, but I can tell you that Wally Hatch is not necessarily a change for the good in Hale County. His conviction rate is low because he's not well versed in criminal law, and he has not chosen solid cases to adjudicate. It has nothing to do with the motor voter law or the CSI effect.
One tactic Wally has employed to improve his win/loss stats is to close the DA's files to one defense attorney who won several acquittals for his clients. I know Wally can do this legally, but it demonstrates that he has already forgotten his job is to see that justice is done, not to hide evidence and punish defense attorneys that actually defend their clients. Blaming the juries for the losses is spinning the truth.
Soft spoken, maybe, but Wally's a busy little bee behind the scenes. I suspect he's behind the change in the policies at the Hale County Jail. Where the old policy allowed defense attorneys liberal access to their clients, the new policy limits that access. Access to a client on the weekend prior to trial will be determined on a case by case basis. And who do you think that determination comes from? The DA's office.
If the DA doesn't like your attorney, you may not be allowed to speak with him/her the weekend before your trial.
Justice is an elusive commodity when public officials allow personal vendetta's to rule their actions. Our community is at risk when our laws allow such actions to be sanctioned.
The idea that Wally will change the policy of tossing minorities off jury panels is unrealistic. It's the same ole, same ole with minorities being routinely dumped as jurors. So far, Wally hasn't actually tried many of the felony cases. His staff does that. The two assistant DA's trying cases in the district courts were trained by Terry McEachern.
I could go on, and on, but I'll spare you and leave my rant at this. I feel for the innocent man or woman caught in this judicial system. It's a fearful thing to be threatened with prison. If you're poor, it's like winning the lottery to get a court-appointed attorney that gives a damn. Plea agreements are a favorite remedy for most of them. Don't even get me started on how "Community Supervision" is used to siphon money out of the pockets of the poorer members of the community until the DA files to revoke them and send them away to serve their full sentence.
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Wednesday, March 30, 2011
Libya: Barack Obama 'signed secret order allowing covert operations'. A timely plan to estabish prior to the June Bilderberg meeting in Switzerland.
Libya: Barack Obama 'signed secret order allowing covert operations'
Barack Obama signed a secret order authorising covert US government support for rebel forces seeking to oust Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi, according to government officials.
Libya: Barack Obama 'signed secret order allowing covert operations'
Barack Obama has said: 'if we wanted to get weapons into Libya we could' 10:08PM BST 30 Mar 2011
Mr Obama reportedly signed the order, known as a presidential "finding", within the last two or three weeks, four US government sources told Reuters.
News that Mr Obama had given the authorisation surfaced as the President and other US and allied officials spoke openly about the possibility of sending arms supplies to Gaddafi's opponents, who are fighting better-equipped government forces.
While US and allied air strikes have seriously damaged Gaddafi's military forces and disrupted his chain of command, officials say, rebel forces remain disorganised and unable to take full advantage of western military support.
Because US and allied intelligence agencies still have many questions about the identities and leadership of anti-Gaddafi forces, any covert US activities are likely to proceed cautiously until more information about the rebels can be collected and analysed, officials said.
According to an article speculating on possible US covert actions in Libya published early in March on the website of the Voice of America, the US government's broadcasting service, a covert action is "any US government effort to change the economic, military, or political situation overseas in a hidden way."
read more here:
Along the lines of this story...
"The Bilderbergers hope that part of their common agenda with the "Trilateralists" will be accomplished by the time they meet (in June): a US invastion of Libya to generate increased Middle East turmoil so America can go to war with Iran, on Israel's behalf."
Again, along the lines of this story...
"Are we preparing for a major war that will be engineered through "false flag" attacks and other fake events to shape popular opinion towards the necessity of such war?
Is "ol' Lefty" gathering the reins of power to his office so that the public will have no chance to speak out when they finally wake up?
Have the parameters been set for the control of the masses when rioting and revolution break out here in America as they have in other countries?
The Federal Reserve, the Trilateral Commission and the Council on Foreign Affairs (or Relations) which are all part and parcel to the Bilderberg Group have systematically robbed Americans and impoverished our nation. The only thing standing in their way to total domination of this country is the American people.
Can it be that enough people are waking up to the machinations of our "shadow" government that their hand is being forced? Are the plans of the globalists being hurried in order to stay ahead of public knowledge of their crimes?
Or is this just the "right time" and the elitist's plans have come to fruition, their bases covered, their damage irretrievably inflicted on our society, and the ways and means of controlling the masses established and tested?"
Read more:
What do you think?
No comments :
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Jump over the site's section navigation.
IL minimum wage hike debated
Tue, 25 Sep 2012 03:44:44 CDT
At eight dollars 25 cents, Illinois' minimum wage is already a dollar higher than the federal limit, but Governor Pat Quinn says it should be higher. Quinn suggests raising the minimum wage, or at the very least making sure it keeps pace with cost of living increases:
Quinn's pronouncement comes as US census data revealed more people living in poverty in the US, and in Illinois. Though the increase is statistically slight, nearly 150 thousand more people dipped below the poverty line from 2010 to last year, it means about 14 percent of the state's residents are impoverished. However, businesses say that raising the state's minimum wage will hurt, not help, the cause. Business owners fought an effort by a Democratic legislator last spring to hike Illinois' minimum wage. They say to afford paying bigger paychecks, they'd have to lay off employees.
Support Your Public Radio Station
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Sea Creatures’ Response to Ocean Acidification Shocks Scientists
Have you ever heard those tales of how dumping toxic waste into water will cause the aquatic life to mutate into something out of science fiction? Well, apparently marine life as of late are going through some shocking changes, and while it may not be like something out of the twilight zone, it sure has baffled scientists.
marine life reaction to climate change 300x225 <! :en >Sea Creatures’ Response to Ocean Acidification Shocks Scientists<! : >
photo by Mila Zinkova (source: wikimedia commons)
Acidification of the ocean has been on the rise, thanks to increasing levels of CO2 in the atmosphere. The CO2 dissolves in the water, which makes the water more acidic. This decreases the number of carbonate ions in the ocean, which some marine life use to build their shells and skeletons. Scientists had thought this acidic increase would cause shells of sea creatures to become brittle, but it would seem the opposite has happened. Crabs, lobsters and other such animals have been building more shell when exposed to the acidification, rather than losing shell.
Past studies showed that the changing ocean chemistry was thinning the shells of some microscopic creatures. However, the latest study—published in the journal Geology—shows that 7 out of 18 creatures built more shell when exposed to the acidic changes. One theory comes from former WHOI (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution) member, Justin B. Ries:
“Most likely the organisms that responded positively were somehow able to manipulate … dissolved inorganic carbon in the fluid from which they precipitated their skeleton in a way that was beneficial to them. They were somehow able to manipulate CO2 … to build their skeletons.”
Apparently the process also affects shell-less sea life, such as algae. A lot more research is needed into this discovery, however. Why does it only affect certain marine life in this way, and not all marine life? What about the impact acidification has on coral? Now that some of the animals have been adapting to higher levels of acidification, what will happen to them if the acidic levels should drop again?
A lot of questions definitely need to be answered, especially in regards to the way animals have responded to the acidic changes. According to study co-author and WHOI research specialist, Anne L. Cohen:
“We were surprised that some organisms didn’t behave in the way we expected under elevated CO2. What was really interesting was that some of the creatures, the coral, the hard clam and the lobster, for example, didn’t seem to care about CO2 until it was higher than about 1,000 parts per million [ppm. Current levels are at 380 ppm.]. I wouldn’t make any predictions based on these results. What these results indicate to us is that the organism response to elevated CO2 levels is complex and we now need to go back and study each organism in detail.”
Given the amount of sea creatures scientists already know about, and the possible amount they have yet to find, this study could take quite a while to complete. It is an interesting thing to see the creatures adapt in such a way, but is it really a good thing?
By Heidi Marshall
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Monthly Archives: July 2009
Halloween isn’t just for kids, adults love to dress up too. If you’re tired of the same old choices when it comes to adult costumes this year choose something fun like costumes from the popular summer movie The Hangover. The Hangover was directed by the same director who put out the recent Starsky and Hutch film, Road Trip and the classic Will Ferrell movie Old School. A combination road trip/buddy movie The Hangover has enough action and comedy to delight fans and make them laugh through the whole movie. At the box office The Hangover pulled in a respectable amount of money and beat The Land of the Lost to come in first for the weekend of its debut.
The Hangover centers on a group of friends who are traveling to Vegas for a bachelor party. Doug Billings, the main character, is about to get married so his friends Phil Wenneck and Stu Price along with his soon to be brother in law Alan Garner head to Vegas to have one last wild night out before the wedding. All of the other men are involved in relationships, Stu is involved in a particularly unhappy one and looks at the trip as a chance to break away and have some fun. The group arrives in Las Vegas without incident and check into their rented suite at the famous Ceasar’s Palace. With a toast they get ready to go party the night away.
They wake up the next morning with no memory of the night before. When they wake up the suite that they were staying is in wrecked. They find a baby in the closet, and a tiger in the bathroom. Stu has somehow lost a tooth, and Doug is missing. As the guys try to piece together what happened they find clues like Stu’s tooth in Alan’s pocket and a receipt from an ATM for $800.They also find a hospital bracelet. When they go to the hospital they find out the doctor found traces of the “date rape” drug Rufalin in their blood. Stu confesses that he dosed their champagne the night before with a drug he thought was Ecstasy that he had brought with him. The drug turned out to not be Ecstasy but instead to be Rufalin. They follow the clues and discover that during the course of the night they stole the tiger from Mike Tyson, who makes a cameo appearance as himself. Stu got married to an escort named Jade, who is the mother of the baby that they found in their suite. They also find out that they owe a gambler $80,000 and that the gambler has kidnapped Doug and is holding him until he gets the $80,000. Through the course of trying to save Doug the men realize that the gamble is actually holding a different Doug, the drug dealer who sold Stu the Rufalin. Eventually they remember that they locked Doug, the groom, on the roof the night before. After they let him in and get him to his wedding with very little time to spare they find a camera with pictures documenting their night’s activities. They look at the pictures and then destroy the pictures.
Check out this Drunk Mask for Halloween.
All your children’s favorite Ice Age characters are back in Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs. Dinosaur costumes are always popular with kids, and now your kids can dress up as their favorite Ice Age characters from the first two films and some new dinosaur characters from Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs too.
Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs is an animated film that was created using state of the art 3D technology. The film opens with Ellie and Manny expecting a baby mammoth. Manny is busily preparing a home for his growing family and is obsessed with making sure everything is just right. Diego has left the herd because has started to doubt his hunting abilities and wonders if he’s losing his predatory nature. Sid decides that he wants a baby like Manny and Ellie so he adopts three eggs that he finds which seem to be abandoned. However the morning after Sid adopts them the eggs hatch revealing three baby Tyrannosaurus Rex dinosaurs. The baby dinosaurs are energetic and scare off all the other babies in the area with their rough play. Just when Sid is thinking that he is in over his head the mother Tyrannosaurus appears to reclaim her babies. She take Sid and the three babies and runs off with Diego tracking her. Manny, Ellie, Crash, Eddie and Diego set off to go rescue Sid. They go through an ice tunnel and discover a rainforest jungle where there are dinosaurs that everyone believed to be extinct.
The group is threatened by an Ankylosaurus that Diego can’t seem to stop, and the group appears to be in trouble until a new character, Buck, appears. Buck is a rakish weasel with one eye who is intent on tracking down Rudy, a white carnivorous dinosaur called a Baryonyx, who took his eye. Buck saves the group and joins them to help in the quest to get Sid back because he has been living in the jungle for awhile and knows it very well. Sid, meanwhile, has been charming the mother dinosaur with his care for her children. He is soon accepted by her and taken in as part of the family. The next day Rudy attacks the little family and Sid is thrown into a perilous fall over Lava Falls. As Sid is lying suspended over Lava Falls Ellie goes into labor not far from the falls. Manny goes back to help Ellie, Diego take up a position as a lookout for Ellie and Manny, and Buck takes Crash and Eddie up the falls to rescue Sid.
Manny and Ellie have a healthy baby girl that they name Peaches. Sid is rescued, and the group prepares to return to their glacial world. But on their way back Rudy attacks the group. The mother Tyrannosaurus appears and knocks Rudy off a cliff, although an ominous growl says that Rudy is not gone for gone. Manny, Ellie and Peaches return home with Sid, Crash and Eddie. Buck decides to continue looking for Rudy, and Diego decides to stay with the pack after all.
The characters from the TV show True Blood are sure to be some of the most popular Halloween costumes this year. True Blood is an HBO TV series that was created and is mostly written by Alan Ball. Alan Ball is most famous for his TV show Six Feet Under which chronicled the life and family relationships of the Fischer family and their family owned mortuary. Six Feet Under was wildly popular with fans and won a lot of critical acclaim for its brilliant writing and sharp cinematography. True BloodTrue Blood has shown to have the same grit, wit, humor, insight and edgy darkness that Six Feet Under had. True Blood has developed a loyal cult of followers who are hooked on the show. The unique characters on this Southern Gothic steeped vampire show are ideal for Halloween costumes.
The show is based on a series of books called the The Southern Vampire Mysteries. The show is built around a young telepathic waitress, Sookie Stackhouse, who works in a bar called Merlotte’s in the small town of Bon Temps Louisiana. In the True Blood world vampires and humans live side by side because of the creation of a synthetic blood substitute that the vampires use to survive instead of human blood. Some humans aren’t exactly comfortable with this arrangement but they tolerate it as long as the vampires and other creatures of the night don’t cause a lot of trouble. Sookie’s boss at the bar is Sam Merlotte, a shape shifter. Sam is protective of Sookie and often changes form into that of a big black dog and watches over her. Jason Stackhouse, Sookie’s brother, eventually joins an anti-vampire church and begins flirting with religious zealotry and starts to develop a deep hatred of vampires. Bill Compton is Sookie’s love interest, a vampire who has remarkable compassion for humans. Bill was turned into a vampire during the Civil War Era but has never lost his love and empathy for humans. Originally Sookie is drawn to him because she cannot read his thoughts the way that she can read other people’s thoughts. Eric Northman, another vampire, is interested in Sookie. Eric is the sheriff of one of the five local vampire precincts and is known for his vehement punishment of any crimes against vampires.
Other important human and vampire characters in Bon Temps include Jessica Hamby who is a teenager that was turned into a vampire by Bill Compton at the end of season 1 of the show. Bill was forced to turn Jessica after he killed a vampire who threatened Sookie. Sheriff Bud Dearborne, a human, is prejudiced against vampires and was very good friends with Sookie’s parents so he takes a special interest in her and her brother Jason and is not happy about Sookie’s relationship with Bill Compton. Another human, Tara Thornton, is Sookie’s best friend and an important part of the story.
Like Six Feet Under True Blood has gathered viewers from many different social groups. The quirky, edgy characters and Southern Gothic roots of the stories appeal to old and young alike.
See more vampire costumes
The Wizards of Waverly Place is a Disney Channel TV show and an upcoming movie. The show originally aired in Canada and the UK before airing on the Disney Channel in the United States. The Wizards of Waverly Place is set in New York City, and chronicles the life of three teenage children who have magical powers. Waverly Place is a famous street in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of New York City. Occasionally the show features footage shot in the real Waverly Place although most of the time no outside shots are used. As the kids get older only one of them will be allowed to keep their magical powers and eventually the children will need to take part in a competition to see which one will keep their powers. The children attend both magic school and regular school to help them develop their magical powers.
In the TV show the father of the children, Italian-American Jerry Russo was a wizard himself and won the competition to keep his magical powers when he was young but gave up his magic powers to marry the children’s mother- Mexican-American Theresa Russo. Jerry is the children’s main magical teacher but also runs the family business which is a sub shop located in Waverly Place. Even though she has no direct experience with the magical world because she is not and never was a wizard Theresa Russo is also very understanding of the abilities that her kids have and tries to help them learn more about magic.
The Wizards of Waverly Place are Justin Russo, the oldest child, Alex Russo who is the only daughter, and the youngest Russo Max. Alex’s best friend Harper Finckle is in on the family secret that the kids are wizards but has sworn not to let that secret get out to anyone at home or at Tribeca Prep, the school that all of the Russo kids and Harper attend. Most of the mishaps and adventures that the Russo kids have involve Alex in one way or another because she is the one who is most likely to use magic without supervisions, which is against the rules. The kids attend WizTech school to learn more about magic and they also have lessons with their father in The Magic Lair, a place that is usually accessed through the freezer in the sandwich shop that the family owns.
If you have children turning them into the Wizards of Waverly Place for Halloween is the perfect family costume. Not all families like to dress in a theme but for the ones that do the Wizards of Waverly Place is a great way to have fun as a family. Parents like the show because through the various adventures that the kids have with their magical abilities they learn important lessons about personal responsibility, family, loyalty, friendship and morality. The show is a very popular one with kids and choosing Wizards of Waverly Place costumes could be a very clever way to get your tween or teenage kids to want to participate in a family event.
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Welcome to My Scout Stuff - a Resource for Scouters about Boy Scouting!
When you take just a minute to look at the last text message on your own wireless device, consider whether it would be worth causing a serious accident, possibly one that could take a life... or several lives. When you look at it this way, there's no text that can't wait.
Go to the BSA It Can Wait app on Facebook and then pass it on to your friends.
Help put an end to texting and driving!
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February 1, 2011
USC Seeks Redemption on the Road
There was no finger-pointing because it was a group effort. There was no trashing the locker room because the trashing had been on the court. South Carolina was in complete agreement -- it had badly failed. No sense re-hashing it because the Gamecocks knew they would have the point again driven home during the next practice.
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Dec 01 2011
And they lived happily ever after
Oh how sweet, Hamid Karzai has pardoned a woman who was serving a 12 year prison sentence for…arson? Armed robbery? GBH? No; for being raped. That’s what women who are raped get in Afghanistan (and not only there): they get long prison sentences, and that’s if they’re lucky; the less fortunate ones get stoned to death. Here’s why: it’s because a man was able to get access to the aperture between her legs, and allowing a man to get access to that is of course a horrendous crime. It’s no good calling it “rape”; it’s the woman’s job to make the aperture inaccessible, period; it’s not the man’s job to refrain from shoving his penis into it when he gets the chance.
But in this case it all works out, because Gulnaz, the woman in question, isn’t actually being set free (to go on making her aperture accessible to random men, the slut), she’s being let out of one prison so that she can enter another: marriage to the man who raped her.
Some 5,000 people signed a petition for Gulnaz’s release. News of her pardon came in a statement from the presidential palace.
It said a meeting of the judiciary committee had “discussed the issue of rape… and the issue of her imprisonment”.
“As the both sides [Gulnaz and the rapist] have agreed to get married to each other with conditions, respective authorities were tasked to take action upon it according to Islamic Shariah,” it said.
Darling Islamic Shariah, which hands a rape victim over to her rapist.
Skip to comment form
1. 1
It’s pretty sick…
2. 2
Eamon Knight
Hey, they’re just doing what the Bible says (don’t know if that particular reg got plagiarized into the Quran, but anyways good on ‘em for picking up on it). Not like those apostate American Republicans, who’ve forgotten where they came from….
3. 3
Yellow Thursday
Well, if CNN is to be believed, marriage is not a condition of her release. Her (unnamed) attorney says she has a safe place to go and doesn’t want to marry her attacker.
A word of warning: only read the comments at the link if you have a strong stomach regarding rape apologists. According to some of the commenters, it’s ok to put a woman in jail for 3 years for “fail[ing] to report her rape quickly enough” with additional justification being that her sentence was less than her rapist’s.
4. 4
Francisco Bacopa
You gotta remember, in this cultural context rape is not a crime against a woman, it is a property crime against a woman’s owner. Makes it all make much more sense.
Oh, but wait…Women have owners? Forget everything I just said and to hell with their culture.
5. 5
Remember Allah is all merciful!
This is why I still regard Islam as evil.
6. 6
Svlad Cjelli
Poor guy. He almost didn’t get to keep raping her. So glad they came to their senses.
7. 7
Ockham's Soul Patch
But hey, this is a just punishment for the rapist – they’re forcing him to marry a soiled woman! The horror!
To be absolutely clear: that was sarcasm.
8. 8
Jurjen S.
Ugh. I’m on the verge of saying “why did we bother overthrowing the Taliban again?” but I just read in The Economist that the number of kids in school has increased from 1.2 million under the Taliban to 8.2 million now, and the percentage of them who are girls has gone from 0 to 40%; the percentage of Afghans with access to basic health care has gone from 8% to 80%; 27% of members of the lower house of parliament are women, and the article quotes one woman (anonymously) as saying:
When the Taliban first took power, people didn’t really know what they were like. They do now and the women of Afghanistan will never forgive them.
But the rest of Afghan men evidently still have some lessons left to learn, and they’d damn well better learn them.
9. 9
Derek M
With regard to legal systems that are anathema to civilised societies, there isn’t much between Sharia and Deuteronomic law.
10. 10
Doubting Thomas
What is bizarre about the women as property idea is, If your car get’s stolen, and you get it back, you don’t junk the car if all the thief did was take it for a ride*. Jailing or stoning rape victims seems ridiculous in that sense. Rather it is the woman’s body parts that are the property and she herself is responsible for securing them. The man get’s ownership of the parts, the woman just comes along as the caretaker. Religion and Islam specifically is a mental disease and should be eradicated.
*No, I’m not equating rape with joyriding.
11. 11
Now all he needs to do is rape three more and he will have the full set of wives permitted under the merciful sharia.
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The Minneapolis Institute of Arts
Object in Focus Chinese Scholar's Study
All is quiet. A trickle of water flows in the garden outside the window. A breeze whispers through the window screen. An inky brush slaps softly against paper as you write at the desk. At home in 18th century China, you might easily forget that a bustling town lies beyond the walls of this room.
Clay tiles cover the walls and floor. They keep the place cool even in the sweaty heat of southern China. You see no bright colors or flashy gold here, only the shine of polished wood. Glimpses of the miniature garden outside take the imagination to a wild place far beyond the edge of town.
Of course, no one would mistake this room for a simple hut in the wilderness. Even the gnarled tree root in the far corner, now a stand for an antique pot, has the same high polish as the gleaming desk. But a room like this one was more than a quiet get-away spot for a city dweller. It was a place to connect with nature through poetry, painting and music, in search of spiritual peace.
China, Jiangsu Province
The Studio of Gratifying Discourse, 1797
The study was one of the most important rooms in the house of a well-educated government official.
Nature offered a way of understanding the world.
The arts helped literati scholars absorb the lessons of nature.
In the Company of Friends: Join two or three friends to put together a scrapbook of your favorite songs, books, movies, and artwork. Have each friend write a few sentences next to a selection about why he or she admires it. What would be the most comfortable place to do this project? What kind of music would you listen to? What else would you want around you? How might this activity be similar to a gathering of literati scholars?
The Mind's Eye: Objects can lead the imagination to faraway places. Scholars imagined themselves traveling through a landscape suggested by the shape of a rock, for example. Find an object in your surroundings and imagine the journey a miniature version of yourself might take climbing around it. Write a description of the journey. Can another reader identify the object you had in mind?
At the Museum: The Scholar's Study is permanently on view at The Minneapolis Institute of Arts. Bring along a pencil and paper and see if it inspires a poem in you.
The Tools of a Scholar: Tools for painting and calligraphy, such as brushes, ink stones, water droppers, and brush pots, were collector's items among literati scholars. Use the Art Collector function of ArtsConnectEd to choose your own favorites. What different types of tools do you see? What themes do you notice in the decoration? Click here to start. (Click here to learn more about Art Collector.)
Inspiration in the Past: Literati scholars of the 18th century felt a deep connection to China's past. Browse the Dynasty Guide (part of the Institute's "Art of Asia" Website) to explore the contributions of different periods in Chinese history. Sketch an example of the art of each period in your sketchbook. Which appeals to you most? Why? Choose one to inspire a written journal entry or work of art of your own.
October 2004
The most important room in the family compound was a hall like this one, used for formal gatherings of family and guests.
Thousands of government officials served the emperor of China. Badges on the front of their coats indicated their rank. The silver pheasant here means this coat belonged to a fifth rank official.
Every scholar's study contained a ch'in, or zither, an ancient Chinese musical instrument. It was a symbol of great learning since the days of Confucius in the 6th century BC.
key idea
This room once stood between two small courtyard gardens in the family compound of a government official. Only the formal reception hall was more important within the family compound. There, the whole family gathered on special occasions to receive guests or pay respect to their ancestors. This room, on the other hand, was a place for the head of the household to enjoy books, nature, and the arts, alone or with a small group of friends.
Government officials in imperial China were well-rounded scholars. The difficult civil service exam required years of study. Scholars had to master the teachings of Confucius and his followers, the basis of Chinese government for thousands of years. But they also had to be skilled in poetry, calligraphy, and painting. These subjects developed their ability to think carefully and sensitively, important qualities in an able administrator.
The arts remained a passion for many officials. They often retired from government service while still fairly young to devote themselves to reading and writing poetry, playing chess, and practicing music. Such men, known as wen jen ("men of letters") or "literati" in English, were highly respected for their good taste and artistic accomplishments.
A shelf like this one would have held a scholar's collection of rare books, scroll paintings, and antiques.
October 2004
A scholar might see the rocks in his garden as miniature mountains and explore their peaks and valleys in his imagination.
Literati scholars collected rocks shaped over time by flowing water. Such rocks gave them a sense of the forces of nature.
Scholars took delight in accidents of nature. The patterns in the piece of marble framed in this screen suggest a mountainous landscape.
key idea
Nature offered a way of understanding the world.
The teachings of Confucius described an individual's duties to family and the state. Harmony among individuals would bring harmony in the world. But a real understanding of the world, most Chinese believed, came from the close study of nature.
Although nature seems wild and uncontrollable, it has its own order. Seemingly opposite forces--light and dark, life and death, creation and destruction--are in fact part of a single force, the tao, or "way," of nature. Taoist philosophers teach that an individual must above all understand his place in nature. All actions must follow nature's flow to be right and good.
Some literati scholars went to live alone in the wilderness to study the way of nature. Such hermits were greatly admired. But most literati stayed closer to home. They collected reminders of nature, like rocks, gnarled wood, and patterned stone, to think through the puzzles of nature in elegant comfort.
Caged crickets brought the sounds of nature inside. They were kept in decorated containers, like these ones fashioned from gourds.
October 2004
Scholars enjoyed practicing their arts in the company of friends. Here, a famous group of scholars listen to the zither in a rock garden.
Many literati paintings were based on famous pictures by earlier masters, but here Wang Ch'en has painted a scene from the region where he worked as a government official.
Painting and calligraphy used the same tools--a brush, inkstone, and paper. This poem begins, "The mountain's rocky girth has endured a thousand years. . ."
key idea
The arts helped literati scholars absorb the lessons of nature.
The "four arts" of the literati scholar were painting, calligraphy, playing the ch'in, or zither, and the game of chess. All these activities sharpened the mind through years of study and practice. When enjoyed in the company of friends with similar interests, they were a focus for meaningful conversation. That companionship gave this room its name, "The Studio of Gratifying Discourse," carved on a plaque on the wall.
Nature was the most common subject of both poetry and painting. If a scholar could not live the life of a hermit alone in the wilderness himself, he could recreate the experience through words and pictures. Looking at a famous painting would inspire a poem in response, which he might add to the picture in his own calligraphy.
The tools of Chinese painting and calligraphy—the brush, ink, water, and paper—are very difficult to control. The most skilled painters are able to harness accidental effects to express their own ideas, all within the format of age-old Chinese traditions. This balance of natural forces, self-control, and society perfectly echoes the scholar's sense of his own place in the world.
The shapes of scholars' painting tools often reflected their interest in nature, like this waterdropper in the shape of a lotus bud.
October 2004
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We found 211 threads matching "fsk"
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The most relevant threads are listed first
FSK modulated wave file
pal.debabrata123 - 2007-06-27 09:07:00
Hey guys, Though my problem is do a FSK modulation os an ascii string and send it to telephone between "init ring" and "full ring" , I don't know how to test. Is there a software FSK demodulator free somewhere? Can I get some standard FSK modulated file to test the decoder? So that I am test my c...FSK modulated wave file
PSK instead FSK?
maluenda - 2006-02-18 12:46:00
Hi, I just started up some reading on Digital Communications. I need some information about PSK vs FSK for use in DSP. Can anyone explain in few words the advantages of using PSK instead FSK? Will appreciate any help in this regard. Thanks ...PSK instead FSK?
xr2211 & non coherent fsk demodulation
josedebrest - 2007-05-24 15:29:00
Hello, I am using the XR 2211 to demodulate a non coherent fsk signal. It works but I would like to know how to evaluate the theoritical BER performance of this demodulation. But all the non coherent fsk receivers that are mentionned on the web dont use a pll ... any idea ? thank you very m...xr2211 & non coherent fsk demodulation
Is there a software FSK encoder API for PC using no addtl hardware?
Tomer - 2003-08-27 15:33:00
Hi All, We need an API module to allow us to send data using the FSK (Frequency Shift Keying) modulation. This module is to run on a PC and may use no additional hardware except for the built in sound card. The module will allow us to convert ASCII characters to their FSK sound and play tha...Is there a software FSK encoder API for PC using no addtl hardware?
software for generating FSK modulated signals
Somia - 2005-05-23 07:11:00
hi I have to generate signals with data encoded in them using FSK, 1300Hz for mark and 2100Hz for space with a baud rate of 1200. i dont have an FSK modulator so is there any software that could do this over voice modem ? i dont have any backgound of DSP so i would really be thankful for for generating FSK modulated signals
Is frequency multipliers suitable for boradband FSK?
isgone - 2007-06-08 16:26:00
there are many applications use frequency multipliers to improve the deviation of narrowband FSK . i wonder is it suitable for boradband FSK? For example,the input signal should be 4FSK,and the frequencys is 67MHz/69MHz/71MHz/73MHz,the symbol rate is 10M . ...Is frequency multipliers suitable for boradband FSK?
Who made the comment about modems and FSK signals?
Brian Reinhold - 2004-01-15 10:01:00
I think some respondant named 'v' made a remark in response to a post I made last week regarding FSK decoding and filtering, but the post has been removed. The remark concerned the special processes that have to be done detecting FSK tones that are very short in the sense that the number of per...Who made the comment about modems and FSK signals?
Few taps Filters for FSK?
Brian Reinhold - 2004-01-09 13:34:00
Does anyone have any suggestions for an IIR or FIR band pass filter that will isolate the two tones of an FSK signal which an integrate and dump scheme can then be applied to? I need to minimize the delay since this FSK signal comes from scanned radio frequencies. I need to detect the signal f...Few taps Filters for FSK?
Detecting FSK on a power fft pk hold spectrum
d1sturbanc3 - 2008-07-17 14:54:00
Found this board, and hopefully someone can give me a helping hand. Background: I'm using labview with a DAQ. It's acquiring a signal and I take a power fft with peak hold averaging on. In this spectrum, there are atmospheric noise, some other signals with large BW about 250 hz, and signals that...Detecting FSK on a power fft pk hold spectrum
Fax/modem detection
Jadran - 2009-12-20 14:36:00
Hello, I m implementing fax/modem detection. So far it is based on CNG and CED tones. Goertzel's algorithm is used for tones detections and seems to work fine. However I would like to increase reliability, specialy for cases when such tones are not present or missed. Idea is to do it by detecting...Fax/modem detection
FSK bandwidth
Jach - 2004-04-09 02:45:00
What is the estimated bandwidth using Carson's rule when your separation is 19.8 kHz, the baud rate 19.2 kBaud/s modulation is FSK, NRZ line coding and the crystal tolerance is negligible? Thanks ...FSK bandwidth
FSK Demodulation (help urgently needed)
mudassir84 - 2006-06-30 10:35:00
Hi I am trying to Extract Caller ID from FSK v.23 Encoded CLI Packet which has been stored in audio format in pc. To demdulate FSK i am using two Bandpass Filters centered at Mark and Space Frequency. According to FSK V.23 1300 hz is frequency for mark(1) 2100 hz is frequency for spcae(0) 120...FSK Demodulation (help urgently needed)
FSK and timing recovery
ejstans - 2005-04-06 12:43:00
Hi, I'm trying to gain an understanding of how to do timing recovery or symbol synchronization in a digital radio receiver but I need something clarified. The methods I have found information on (Mueller & Mueller, Early-late, Gardner etc) seem to be intended for linear modulation schemes but wha...FSK and timing recovery
FSK Versus OOK Demodulation
Randy Yates - 2011-06-21 15:51:00
With the right filtering, an FSK signal can be viewed as two complementary OOK (on-off keyed) signals. Is the optimal FSK demodulator more optimal, less optimal, or equivalent to two optimal OOK demodulators with their outputs combined? -- Randy Yates % "Watching all the d...FSK Versus OOK Demodulation
Multicarrier modulation scheme vs FSK
koolguyuf - 2007-01-14 16:56:00
Hey, What is the difference between multicarrier modulation and FSK (Frequency Shift Keying)? Can OFDM considered to be a hybrid of the two? Thanks TD ...Multicarrier modulation scheme vs FSK
clock recovery
mahsad - 2009-10-20 03:15:00
hi, I have implemented a binary FSK modem(V.21). but i have a question: how can i implement clock recovery for fsk demodulator? does any reference exist for this subject? please help me. ...clock recovery
FSK demodulator code?
Scott Miller - 2004-12-22 13:11:00
I'm looking for code, either in ANSI C or assembly for the ARM7TDMI, that'll demodulate 1200 baud FSK, in particular 1200 baud Bell 202 keying like that found in caller ID systems. Any suggestions? Thanks, Scott ...FSK demodulator code?
GMDSS/DSC FSK Modulation: Continuous-Phase or Not?
Randy Yates - 2011-01-03 09:29:00
Hello, I'm looking at demodulating a GMDSS/DSC (Digital Selective-Calling) 100 baud FSK (1700 Hz center, +/- 85 Hz) signal (per ITU-R M.493-12). The spec says nothing about whether it's continuous-phase FSK or not. I've found on the net that DSC is similar to SITOR-B, and further that SITOR...GMDSS/DSC FSK Modulation: Continuous-Phase or Not?
general fsk question
frumious - 2009-01-22 11:20:00
I am trying to understand fsk demodulation in general. Is there an industry standard set of specific demod schemes or just classes of particular methods (i.e. matched filter, correlation, coherent vs non-coherent) that are invoked on a project by project basis? ...general fsk question
Definition of modulation index for shaped FSK
Steve Pope - 2010-06-30 17:41:00
I have a pretty elementary question. For an unshaped, 2-FSK signal, the modulation index h is defined as the ratio of the difference between the two tone frequencies to the symbol rate. For shaped 2-FSK, how is h usually defined? I can think of a few possibilities: (1) Base it on the pe...Definition of modulation index for shaped FSK
Re: FSK Correlation Demodulator
Stan Pawlukiewicz - 2005-12-12 08:28:00
Vale_a_pena wrote: > I can try to help you Opamp. > > Even without money :) > > When you mix two signals: y1*y2 with y1 FSK signal and y2 a > sinusoid > > You obtain a result varying in time (y1*y2)(t) > > > Correlation is the integral during a period of T o...Re: FSK Correlation Demodulator
PC FSK decoding - stuck beginner!
mcd - 2005-04-01 08:55:00
Hi, I'm urgently trying to get my head around methods for decoding an FSK encoded signal on my PC. I have a .wav file of the transmitted data, and I want to get the data out. I'm doing my work in Matlab/Simulink for now for simplicity. So far I've tried: - Goertzel algorithm as used for dtmf -...PC FSK decoding - stuck beginner!
Definition of BT in an FSK system
Steve Pope - 2010-07-15 14:30:00
BT denotes the product of the 3 dB bandwidth of the shaping pulse in an FSK system and the symbol time. My question has to do with the conventional definition of B. My first thought was to use the 3 dB bandwidth of a bandpass function obtained by translating the baseband pulse up to the FSK...Definition of BT in an FSK system
fsk demodulation
harsh17 - 2005-07-17 02:58:00
I am a novice in DSP.I am trying to demodulate a FSK signal wherein the mark and space frequencies are 16MHz and 24MHz respectively.I am thinking of using delay and multiply method.Can this be implemented using an ADSP-2181?More specifically will the DSP be able to handle the high throughput involve...fsk demodulation
FSK Demodulator
biff - 2008-07-01 20:40:00
Hi folks, I manage a hardware engineering group for a telcom company and I am beginning to look around for FPGA IP to implement both FSK modulation and demodulation. I am wondering if any of you have any experience with any of the IP around today. The demodulator is the most difficult part a...FSK Demodulator
FSK encoding: alternatives to Manchester and NRZ
howy - 2007-02-03 13:39:00
Hi all, I noticed a lot of FM related questions this month, so here is another one... I am transmitting FSK using a MICRF505 transceiver chip. The FSK modulator in this chip requires a bit encoding scheme to reduce the DC content of the bit stream to a manageable level. I am struggling with ...FSK encoding: alternatives to Manchester and NRZ
Coherent FSK
john - 2006-06-17 13:34:00
A colleague and I are trying to understand the performance limits that apply to coherent detection of continuous phase FSK in AWGN. As I understand it, the familiar textbook formula for coherent FSK BER is derived for the case of square one-bit pulses and tones that are orthogonal over one bit t...Coherent FSK
Re: FSK mod and demod
Jerry Avins - 2005-12-13 11:00:00
Gunstinger wrote: > Hello I'm stuck with a little problem here in MatLab. What I need to do is > input a string of text, convert it to binary, and then use FSK to mod it > together, then demod and and filter it out and convert it back to text > again. The first part is easy, the input of tex...Re: FSK mod and demod
Question about Continuous Phase FSK
brent - 2010-09-03 08:59:00
I am trying to understand what is meant by continuous phase FSK. Right now I am of the opinion that it means that a very quick change in frequency can take place as long as there is no discontinuity in the time waveform when the frequency change takes place. Is this a correct interpretation? ...Question about Continuous Phase FSK
What is the maximum bits-per-symbol possible using FSK on telephone devices?
Green Xenon - 2009-12-16 20:49:00
Hi: What is the maximum amount of bits-per-symbol of FSK possible using a telephone system [including the phone lines and any devices from start to finish of the phone's signal chain]? Thanks, Green Xenon ...What is the maximum bits-per-symbol possible using FSK on telephone devices?
Goertzel and FSK
Fender123 - 2012-02-14 18:42:00
Hi all. Adapting Goertzel algorithm for FSK in a system with a preset sampling rate, tones and baud rate does not always result in ideal parameters. Let me try to explain what I mean: For example, consider a case with Fs=9600, tones 1650 and 1850 Hz, and baud 300. That's N=32 samples per symbo...Goertzel and FSK
Anyone have a Good filter for FSK with short delay
Brian Reinhold - 2004-01-08 14:18:00
I need to find a bandpass filter with as few taps as possible to apply to an HF radio FSK signal. The reason is that the radio is scanned and the more taps, the longer it takes before the signal can be recognized which slows down the possible scan rate. Can anyone give me any references or id...Anyone have a Good filter for FSK with short delay
Re: Detectiong CW
Randall Gawtry - 2006-03-04 01:42:00
In article , "John E. Hadstate" wrote: > What's the slickest way of turning an I/Q data stream, tuned > to baseband, into audible Morse Code with user-selectable > pitch using strictly digital signal processing? > > > John, The CW pitch-shifting feature is in the Timewave DSP-5...Re: Detectiong CW
FSK - sample rate and bit depth
Scott Miller - 2005-04-06 20:38:00
I'm working on a couple of demodulators - one for 1200 baud AFSK (and possibly other bitrates) and one for 9600 baud baseband FSK - and I've got some questions. I'm using an ARM7TDMI chip, so I'm rather CPU constrained. An issue I'm having trouble with is that the CODEC I'm considering off...FSK - sample rate and bit depth
Decoding FSK
Jon Mcleod - 2008-09-20 18:18:00
A Bell 202T modem uses FSK modulation (1200HZ, 2200HZ) and send data at up to 1800 bits per second. I need to replace an "analog" version of this with a digital version, sampling the phone line with an A/D and "decoding" the 1's and 0's in firmware (ARM C). My question is how.. The modu...Decoding FSK
FSK demodulation
Tomeu - 2009-01-08 06:21:00
Hello all, I am involved in the development of an underwater modem. Right now I am dealing with the simulation stage with simulink. The modulation scheme I am using is a non-coherent FSK. The carrier frequencies are 20kHz and 22kHz. At the demodulator part, I have designed a matched filters...FSK demodulation
FSK modulation and clean FFT
Ted T - 2008-03-31 18:58:00
Hi, I'm looking at FSK modulation in matlab, using my own modulator as I don't have the matlab comms toolbox. In the time domain, the signal looks fine, but in the frequency domain, it just doesn't seem to work, I get lots of other garbage in the spectrum. I'm hoping someone can see an error ...FSK modulation and clean FFT
Receiving symbols using non-coherent M-FSK
2007-11-22 06:59:00
Hi There, How does the demodulator of a non-coherent M-FSK system correctly time the "reading" of the symbols? In the book on Digital Comms by Proakis, it is mentioned that a bank of 2M correlators can be used. In the book there is also a model for non-coherent M-FSK in an AWGN environment. ...Receiving symbols using non-coherent M-FSK
ping: Jim Thompson
Bo - 2006-04-24 11:20:00
Jim, I was perusing your website and happened upon your patent regarding demodulating of FSK. Is this the currently easiest/best way to decode FSK? Or would I be better off doing with SW and microcontroller? I was thinking that a comparator with hysteresis to minimize noise could be used Jim Thompson
Robust FSK demodulator ?
Robert Lacoste - 2012-02-23 02:31:00
Dear all, We are looking for a robust FSK demodulator and framer solution for an SDR application (decoding of simultaneous narrow channels at some kbps each from a wider baseband stream) : channel filtering, center frequency tracking, demodulation, bit-level timing recovery, synchronisation...Robust FSK demodulator ?
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http://www.dsprelated.com/comp.dsp/keyword/FSK.php
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Skip to main content
Episode 10
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Episode 10, December 16, 2009 (Tea and Psychopathy)
Max needs Joanna’s help with a story. It involves a woman named Gloria who was murdered in Eastwick 25 years ago. The word “witch” was carved into her forehead. She was killed on the same date as Sebastian Hart, the local millionaire who died in a tragic fishing accident. If you remember, he’s the guy Joanna believed faked his death and became Darryl Van Horne. Gloria was poisoned after possibly having had a baby. An autopsy photo reveals that she was branded with the same symbol Roxie envisioned on Jamie’s body just before he placed it there himself.
Joanna and Max head out to Eleanor Rougement’s house to ask about the symbol and Gloria’s murder. Surprisingly, Eleanor is more than happy to chat. It turns out that Gloria did have a baby and gave him up for adoption. Over tea, Eleanor confirms that the baby’s father was Sebastian Hart and further confirms that Sebastian is, indeed, Darryl Van Horne.
Now you’d think Joanna and Max would be jumping for joy at their juicy scoop. Unfortunately, their legs are paralyzed thanks to the poison Eleanor slipped into their tea. Uh oh. Eleanor tosses the two reporters into her basement where they are stuck on their backs almost completely immobilized. We say almost because Max is able to extend his arm just enough to clutch a frightened Joanna’s hand. It would be such a sweet moment if the situation wasn’t so dire.
Kat is totally jazzed about her healing powers. She makes her way around the hospital curing everyone’s ailments. But when her hair starts turning gray and she gets sudden nosebleeds, it’s obvious that her actions are taking a toll on her own health When Raymond sees that Kat has fallen asleep as dinner burns on the stove, he threatens to sue for full custody of the kids. Think Kat’s gonna take that? No way.
Kat uses her powers to send a few falling icicles in her ex’s general direction. Kat says, “Don’t mess with me, Ray. Because if you do, I will mess you up right back.” After Raymond is gone, Kat draws a bath and lowers her exhausted body into the water. As the water continues to rise, a dangerously lethargic Kat continues to sink. Think she can wake up before going completely underwater?
Roxie keeps having visions of a dagger dripping with blood. That can only mean one thing: Somebody’s getting stabbed. Who you ask? We have no idea. Neither does Roxie. When she discovers that Jamie’s father is Darryl Van Horne, Roxie offers to help Jamie spill the news to daddy dearest. She invites the two men over for dinner not realizing that Jamie has plans to murder Darryl. Actually, that’s not entirely accurate. His plan is to have Roxie kill him. Wonder if that’ll happen before or after dessert.
When Jamie tries to break the news, Darryl says this isn’t the first time a con artist has claimed to be his son. This ticks off Jamie big time. So much so that he grabs a metal rod and strikes dear old dad on the back of the head. Darryl is down and bleeding on the floor. Jamie tries to convince Roxie that Darryl murdered his mother and he’s an evil being who is not of this world. There’s only one way Darryl can die. Roxie has to kill him.
Jamie gives Roxie a dagger. While holding her at gunpoint, he instructs her to stab Darryl or he’ll kill her. Roxie holds the dagger above Darryl’s motionless body. Then she thrusts it backwards, stabbing Jamie in the leg. Roxie makes a run for it but Jamie catches up to her and traps her inside her shop. Roxie pleads that she’s on his side, but Jamie knows that she can’t be trusted. He raises the dagger, swings it toward Roxie and then…SMASH TO BLACK! Don’t you just love/hate cliffhangers?
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Saturday, September 04, 2004
Where's censorship when you need it?
There's always much to-do about how violent or sexual programs on TV ought not to be viewed by children; and how musicians playing at sporting events must be required to keep their wardrobes from malfunctioning; and how offensive radio shows like Howard Stern's should be banned from the airwaves; and how pornographic magazines need to be kept out of the reach of minors; and whether you feel these restrictions are essential or essentially unconstitutional, it's certainly undeniable that there's a great deal of thought and debate and passion going into the examination of those issues. But there's a whole other level of potentially damaging media content sneaking through without anybody giving it a second glance, and I'm starting to think that it might be even worse for kids than the stuff everybody's always arguing over.
I've written here before about the difficulty of explaining those omnipresent ads for Viagra and Cialis and the like to curious kids who'll ask, "Mommy, what's erectile disfunction?" Lately I've also been noticing lots of really scary ads for horror films, both on TV and on the radio. If my kids are too young to see these films in theaters, do they really need to see clips that make their hearts skip? The radio ad for the new "Exorcist" film upset me when I was sitting at my desk in my office in the middle of the day; does my daughter really need to be hearing it at night when she's listening to the radio in bed? Guess that's not going to help her sleep. And even that old family friend, the local newspaper, isn't free of trauma. Like many people I was following the story of the school hostage situation in Russia with increasing dread, and certainly wanted to read about the tragic ending in this morning's news. But the large color photo that accompanied the story gave me pause -- it showed a Russian police officer carrying a young girl out of the building. The girl, maybe 8 or 9, had blood all over her face and was dressed only in underpants. The image was disturbing for any number of reasons, but what I found myself wondering most of all was, if my kids see this sitting on the coffee table, how on earth am I going to explain what happened to this girl, and why isn't she wearing any clothes? I tried to make sure that page was face down, with lots of glossy Saturday store ads on top.
The thing about all this is -- it's easy to keep our kids from watching specific shows, or listening to specific radio stations, or seeing specific magazines. But it's really hard to avoid commercials that can come on any time of the day or night, or news photos that turn a local paper -- which yesterday, for example, featured a picture of a particularly large zucchini grown by a local man -- into something terrifying. How's the FCC going to protect us from that?
No comments:
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Tell me more ×
Ever I send a token request to Facebook I receive a NULL response. Not a exception or success response. Always NULL
$this->facebook = new Facebook(array(
'appId' => 'APP ID',
'secret' => 'APP SECRET',
'cookie' => true
$token = $this->facebook->api('/oauth/access_token', 'GET', array(
'client_id' => 'APP ID',
'client_secret' => 'APP SECRET',
'redirect_uri' => '' . urlencode('account/connect/facebook/'),
'code' => $_GET['code']
print_r($token); // NULL
} else {
share|improve this question
2 Answers
up vote 1 down vote accepted
You can not use Facebook::api to makes this call, because that method expects a JSON response, which this endpoint does not respond with.
But why would you want to do this anyway? The PHP SDK already has the functionality to detect a passed code parameter and exchange it for an access token included, and does it automatically.
share|improve this answer
I think you can just do:
share|improve this answer
No, because I will get: Uncaught OAuthException: An active access token must be used to query information about the current user, because default access token is like this APPID|APPSECRET – Gabriel Santos Dec 12 '12 at 2:11
Your Answer
|
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/13831627/facebook-oauth-token-is-always-null
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Film Freak Central,2003:weblog-99928295733106445 2013-05-17T10:29:20-05:00 TypePad The We and the I (2013),2003:post-6a0168ea36d6b2970c01901c475bb7970b 2013-05-17T10:29:20-05:00 2013-05-17T10:35:03-05:00 **½/**** starring Michael Brodie, Teresa Lynn, Raymond Delgado, Jonathan Ortiz screenplay by Michel Gondry, Paul Proch, Jeff Grimshaw directed by Michel Gondry by Angelo Muredda The We and the I opens with a throwback, an image that wouldn't be out of place in Michel Gondry's distinctive music videos from the late-1990s, which were themselves full of backward glances to the more rough-hewn early days of MTV and old-school hip hop. Over the credits, a boombox modified into a miniature bus rolls along the streets of the Bronx pulsing out Young MC's "Bust A Move," until it's crushed by what's ostensibly the real thing, a city bus packed with urban teens who make up Gondry's boisterous, gossiping, and privately wounded nonprofessional cast. That's an interesting start, insofar as it suggests that Gondry's obsession with whimsical props tinged with nostalgia are about to be traded in for something more authentic, even as it implies a bit cheekily that the "real" bus, taking a bunch of high-schoolers home on the last day of school, is itself a roaming set on which to stage semi-scripted exchanges between proper teens doubling as actors and artistic partners. Both intimations turn out to be true, in a... Bill Chambers Dan in Real Life (2008) + Rachel Getting Married (2008) - Blu-ray Discs,2003:post-6a0168ea36d6b2970c017d42d8c35a970c 2013-04-16T11:11:31-05:00 2013-04-16T11:11:31-05:00 DAN IN REAL LIFE */**** Image A Sound B Extras D starring Steve Carell, Juliette Binoche, Dane Cook, Dianne Wiest screenplay by Pierce Gardner and Peter Hedges directed by Peter Hedges RACHEL GETTING MARRIED **/**** Image A Sound A Extras C starring Anne Hathaway, Rosemarie DeWitt, Bill Irwin, Debra Winger screenplay by Jenny Lumet directed by Jonathan Demme by Walter Chaw The Darwin chart of this breed of American indie, otherwise known as unlikely shrines to The Celebration (or Festen, if you prefer), follows in the United States with something like Margot at the Wedding near the top as most-evolved down mid-way to Rachel Getting Married and its histrionic Demme-tasse reduction, down to ankle-deep--we're talking primordial muck--with Dan in Real Life. That last one, from Pieces of April perpetrator Peter Hedges, squanders an unusual amount of currency in Steve Carell (at his melancholic zenith), pairing him with Juliette Binoche in a bittersweet romantic imbroglio that absolutely does not deserve the happy horseshit ending slathered on it to apologize for its occasional poignancy. It's not that I enjoy being sad, it's that I enjoy getting a condescending handjob even less. I'm willing to forgive the bad slapstick of a group-aerobics session,... Bill Chambers True Blood: The Complete Second Season (2009) + True Blood: The Complete Third Season (2010) - Blu-ray Discs,2003:post-6a0168ea36d6b2970c017c387a84bf970b 2013-04-10T20:28:40-05:00 2013-04-10T19:35:33-05:00 Image A Sound A+ Extras B- S2: "Nothing But the Blood," "Keep This Party Going," "Scratches," "Shake and Fingerpop," "Never Let Me Go," "Hard-Hearted Hannah," "Release Me," "Timebomb," "I Will Rise Up," "New World in My View," "Frenzy," "Beyond Here Lies Nothin'" S3: "Bad Blood," "Beautifully Broken," "It Hurts Me Too," "9 Crimes," "Trouble," "I Got a Right to Sing the Blues," "Hitting the Ground," "Night on the Sun," "Everything Is Broken," "I Smell a Rat," "Fresh Blood," "Evil Is Going On" by Walter Chaw "True Blood" is pulp crap. Yet as Bryant and Bill have already so eloquently pointed out, it's highly-addictive pulp crap--the sort of shallow, handsomely-mounted titillation that fosters the craze that sprung up around prime-time soaps like "Dynasty" and "Falcon Crest". White-collar smut that traffics in the currency of the age: once upon a time it was the super-rich, now it's the supernatural. Plus ça change, plus c'est la meme. It's certainly soapier than showrunner/creator Alan Ball's previous pay-cable drama, "Six Feet Under", but to its credit what "True Blood" does in returning sexuality--and gore, and (southern) Gothic trappings--to the vampire mythos, it does well. The shame of it is that it seems to be ashamed... Bill Chambers Big Love: The Complete Second Season (2007) - DVD,2003:post-6a0168ea36d6b2970c017eea1558f8970d 2013-04-08T10:27:42-05:00 2013-04-08T10:28:17-05:00 Image A Sound A Extras C+ "Damage Control," "The Writing on the Wall," "Reunion," "Rock and a Hard Place," "Vision Thing," "Dating Game," "Good Guys and Bad Guys," "Kingdom Come," "Circle the Wagons," "The Happiest Girl," "Take Me As I Am," "Oh, Pioneers" by Alex Jackson There's definitely something cheeky and slyly subversive at the core of HBO's "Big Love". The show is the brainchild of Mark V. Olsen and Will Scheffer, an openly-gay couple who've been together since the early-'90s. That single fact opens up some interesting connections when it comes to polygamy. The standard argument religious groups have against homosexuality is that it's unnatural: Two men or two women cannot naturally procreate and therefore it's deviant, godless behaviour. By contrast, polygamy is possibly more natural than monogamy--you could argue that males are hardwired to spread their seed with as many females as possible and it is not cost efficient, evolutionarily speaking, to restrict yourself to one woman. And if the ability to procreate is what makes heterosexuality more moral than homosexuality, then we have to admit that polygamists are able to procreate "better" than monogamists and so polygamy should be embraced as the morally superior lifestyle. RUNNING TIME... Bill Chambers In Treatment [Season One] (2008) + Tell Me You Love Me: The Complete First Season (2007) - DVDs,2003:post-6a0168ea36d6b2970c017c37ff5d97970b 2013-03-21T21:08:31-05:00 2013-03-21T21:08:31-05:00 Image B Sound B Extras B ("Tell Me You Love Me") by Walter Chaw It's a show about the traditional mode of psychoanalysis--a nine-week, five days-a-week series detailing shrink Paul (Gabriel Byrne) and four patients, culminating each "Friday" in Paul's own session with former mentor Gina (Dianne Wiest). It's based on a popular Israeli drama that was the brainchild of such filmmaking talents as Eran Kolarin and Nir Bergman. And though it begins stilted and ends badly, its thick mid-section is the enabler of our obsessive, maybe ugly, voyeuristic impulses, gratifying the viewer with the sensation that, for all the dense verbal webs spun in these little progressive one-acts, the real expert is the viewer. "In Treatment" clarifies the role of the observer in this media, how the active participant is always involved in an anthropological exercise deconstructing the characters' motives and actions--and how that critical facility, eternally underused, is occasionally gratified by material that's not quite smarter than you, but appears to be. RUNNING TIME 30 minutes/episode MPAA Not Rated ASPECT RATIO(S) 1.78:1 (16x9-enhanced) LANGUAGES English DD 5.1 Spanish DD 2.0 (Stereo) CC Yes SUBTITLES English French Spanish REGION 1 DISC TYPE 9 DVD-9s STUDIO HBO RUNNING TIME 45... Bill Chambers Carnivàle: The Complete First Season (2003) - DVD,2003:post-6a0168ea36d6b2970c017d422e83b9970c 2013-03-21T20:58:59-05:00 2013-03-21T20:58:59-05:00 Image A Sound A Extras C "Milfay," "After the Ball Is Over," "Tipton," "Black Blizzard," "Babylon," "Pick a Number," "The River," "Lonnigan, Texas," "Insomnia," "Hot and Bothered," "The Day of the Dead," "The Day That Was the Day" by Walter Chaw It's the Depression in Dust Bowl United States, and Ben (Nick Stahl) really needs a bath: His mother's just died (but not before hissing at him to keep his distance, Mr. Antichrist) and he's in the act of burying her when a traveling carnival happens along to spirit him away before the local constabulary can. The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy threatens briefly to break out as a bulldozer shows up to raze Ben's ramshackle homestead, but hey diddley hee, the roustie's life for me, says Ben. In a way, comparisons of HBO's handsomely-mounted "Carnivàle" to Douglas Adams's brilliant stuff is apt as Ben, like Adams's everyman Arthur, is orphaned from his home, set adrift in an absurd universe in the company of freaks, and burdened with the responsibility for the salvation of all mankind. A parallel story, joined to Ben's by a couple of early dream sequences, involves preacher-man Brother Crowe (Clancy Brown) navigating some tricky incestual straits... Bill Chambers Neighbouring Sounds (2013),2003:post-6a0168ea36d6b2970c017c37656176970b 2013-03-07T16:21:16-05:00 2013-03-07T16:27:49-05:00 O som ao redor ***½/**** starring Gustavo Jahn, Maeve Jinkings, W.J. Solha, Irma Brown written and directed by Kleber Mendonça Filho by Angelo Muredda In his 1975 survey of trends in Canadian literature, Northrop Frye famously diagnosed the national character as paranoiac, fraught with nightmares about being invaded by the outside world. That so-called garrison mentality, Frye offered, meant early white Canadian settlers bonded together against both the malevolent nature past their forts and the more generalized outside threats it represented--shutting their doors to anyone who seemed the slightest bit unneighbourly. Although Frye had a very specific community in mind, it's hard not to see it reflected in the gated neighbourhood of critic-turned-filmmaker Kleber Mendonça Filho's Neighbouring Sounds, a conclave of middle-class northern Brazilian condo-dwellers who define themselves by the riffraff they discard, whether car-stereo thieves or sleeping doormen. Part-Hanekian surveillance thriller and part-Altmanesque ensemble of overlapping voices, it's one of the most assured debut features to land in years, the sort of fully-formed high-concept work you expect after a couple of interesting misfires. The snappishness of Filho's ensemble--who tentatively share a street in the south of Recife, one of Brazil's highest-density metropolitan areas--is all the more alarming because there... Bill Chambers Holy Motors (2012) - Blu-ray Disc,2003:post-6a0168ea36d6b2970c017d3df1810f970c 2013-02-24T16:17:16-05:00 2013-02-25T16:55:39-05:00 ****/**** Image B Sound B- Extras B starring Denis Lavant, Edith Scob, Eva Mendes, Kylie Minogue written and directed by Leos Carax click any image to enlarge by Angelo Muredda It's no great shock that Holy Motors is innovative, coming from the same headspace as The Lovers on the Bridge and Mauvais Sang--movies that seemed fashioned out of whole cloth despite their indebtedness to names like David Bowie and Herman Melville. What's most surprising is that beneath the formal variety and cheekiness, mainstays of Leos Carax's freewheeling cinema, is a moving and altogether serious exploration of what it means to be an actor, in both a professional and a metaphysical sense. Carax's films have been ranked among the boldest aesthetic manifestos since the 1980s for good reason, yet the ineffable quality that distinguishes them from the superficially similar grandstanding of nascent stylists like Xavier Dolan is their deep sincerity and unabashed adoration of the eccentric city-dwellers who cross paths on the loneliest roads in urban France. If Holy Motors is even wilder in presentation than its predecessors, then, it's also perfectly legible within a body of work that's always found a human streak in the avant-garde. RUNNING TIME 115 minutes... Bill Chambers Friday Night Lights (2004) [Widescreen] - DVD,2003:post-6a0168ea36d6b2970c017c36e1156a970b 2013-02-15T00:01:00-05:00 2013-02-14T15:29:42-05:00 ***/**** Image A Sound B+ Extras B+ starring Billy Bob Thornton, Derek Luke, Jay Hernandez, Lucas Black screenplay by David Aaron Cohen and Peter Berg, based on the book Friday Night Lights: A Town, a Team, and a Dream by H.G. Bissinger directed by Peter Berg by Walter Chaw Turning the microscope on the reptile hearts and minds of small-town sports culture, Peter Berg's Friday Night Lights is so alive with seething energy and meanness that it emerges as one of the better sports films on the short list of good sports films. It's what the Omaha Beach sequence in Spielberg's Saving Private Ryan is to Oliver Stone's Platoon: an evolution by way of devolution that erases the veneer, such as there is, prettifying violent confrontation, becoming in the process the unadorned engine to which Stone's ultimately featherweight Any Given Sunday aspired. It finds Lucas Black (as star quarterback Mike Winchell) reunited with Sling Blade co-star Billy Bob Thornton (playing his coach, Gary Gaines), with the mental disability roles reversed ("There's something wrong with my head," Winchell complains) but the peek under the Rockwell covers at insular, provincial psychosis transplanted intact. Friday Night Lights is a work of sociology, a... Bill Chambers Valentine's Day (2010) - Blu-ray Disc,2003:post-6a0168ea36d6b2970c017c36e12673970b 2013-02-14T15:47:09-05:00 2013-02-14T15:57:22-05:00 ZERO STARS/**** Image B Sound B Extras C starring Jessica Alba, Kathy Bates, Jessica Biel, Bradley Cooper screenplay by Katherine Fugate directed by Garry Marshall by Walter Chaw There are worse directors working today than Garry Marshall, but not many and then not much worse. I've vowed on a few occasions (like after Beaches, Pretty Woman, Exit to Eden, The Other Sister, Raising Helen, Georgia Rule) to never subject myself to another Marshall joint--certainly to never bother reviewing another one. What's the point, really, of taking the piss out of this guy and his movies? They're consistently, stridently tone deaf; unfailingly saccharine; morally suspect; visually uninteresting; casually racist/misogynist/classist/homophobic; and dangerously enervating to the point of meriting some kind of warning label. Marry Marshall's adorable dog/kid reaction shots and wholesale white-rape of Motown standards to a bloated ensemble cast (everyone from Jamie Foxx to Kathy Bates--yes, it's horrific) enacting a two-hour version of Marshall's career-launching TV series "Love, American Style" and what you get is every bit the horror movie the title Valentine's Day suggests. RUNNING TIME 125 minutes MPAA PG-13 ASPECT RATIO(S) 1.78:1 (1080p/MPEG-4) LANGUAGES English 5.1 DTS-HD MA French DD 5.1 Spanish DD 5.1 SUBTITLES English SDH French Spanish... Bill Chambers
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Australia's Great Barrier Reef Made Easy
How to have a swimmingly good time in the world's most sprawling reef system, and why you'll want to go soon.
WHY? Scuba divers around the world dream of spotting an ockie in a bommie—that would be an octopus in a coral outcropping—but you don't have to be breathing air out of a tank to take in the spectacle: Dolphins, innocuous reef sharks, six types of sea turtles, and 1,500 varieties of tropical fish live amid the neon-colored coral in the planet's most sprawling reef system. Paralleling the northeastern coast of the Australian continent, the Great Barrier Reef—which forms more than 70 islands, or cays, atop its coral shoals—stretches for more than 1,250 miles across the Coral Sea and is a haven for snorkelers and divers alike.
HOW? For beginners: High-speed catamarans and sailing vessels make the daily 90-minute run to the reef from Cairns and offer passengers at least four hours in the water. Great Barrier Reef Dive & Snorkel Adventures also operates the glass-bottom boat Compass—you can watch the underwater show, narrated by a marine biologist, as you voyage (reeftrip.com, $79 per person, including lunch and snorkeling equipment, glass-bottom boat and marine biologist package $13 extra). For the advanced: If you're a certified diver, leave land behind and head out for a two-night jaunt with Pro Dive Cairns (prodivecairns.com/liveaboards.html, from $600, including double or twin cabin, meals, equipment, and up to 11 dives). It's a terrific value—two-tank outings in the Caribbean start at $100—and the ultimate way to see the mysteries Down Under: Days begin and end in the water.
WHEN? Soon. Global warming and rising sea temperatures are taking their toll: Charlie Veron, former chief scientist of the Australian Institute of Marine Science, recently warned that the Great Barrier Reef will be "in tatters" by 2030. The Zoological Society of London feels the future of the reef is so bleak it plans to freeze coral samples in liquid nitrogen. Heed the warning and go now! Fortunately, the best time to dive off Cairns is during the dry stretch, from May through October, when Australia's low season (May–June)and shoulder season (August–September) has flights at their most reasonable. June flights from Los Angeles to Cairns are currently starting at $1,057 per person on Qantas, with a free stopover in Brisbane or Sydney.
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EVERY country has national myths, and one of Britain's most enduring is that of the stiff upper lip. This suggests that Britons are strong, self-reliant types who remain calm and unbending in the face of adversity. Of course, many national myths are just that, and on April 14th a survey instead painted Britons as quivering jellies, beset by fear and anxiety over everything from crime to terrorism, the economy and the pace of technological change.
On its face the poll, conducted on behalf of the Mental Health Foundation (MHF), a charity, makes worrying reading. Three-quarters of its respondents agreed that the world is scarier today than it was ten years ago, and that people are more frightened and anxious. They blamed everything from a government seen as keen to hype terrorist threats (an accusation recently made by Paddy Ashdown, a former leader of the Liberal Democrats) to the supposed infantilisation produced by official exhortations to “mind the gap” at train platforms and eat plenty of fruit and vegetables, topped off by a media that cheerfully regurgitates scare stories in order to shift papers.
Celia Richardson, the MHF's director of campaigns, thinks that people are responding to the effects of an emotional arms race. Modern media-savvy governments realise that, with so many messages competing for the public's attention—about benefit fraud, climate change, crime, drunkenness, obesity and terrorism—ramping up the fright factor is the easiest way to make sure individual messages get through. She compares a famous second world war poster that exhorted people to “keep calm and carry on” with modern warnings about smoking or junk food expressly designed to be as terrifying as possible.
Look a little closer, though, and people seem reassuringly resilient to doom-mongering. Official survey data suggest that the number of people suffering from anxiety disorders is up, but only slightly, from 13.3% in 1993 to 15% in 2007 (in America the figure is 18%). Mental health is tricky to measure, but Britain does not seem noticeably worse than other rich nations. Its suicide rate is low, and the OECD, a rich-nation think-tank, reckons that British prescriptions of anti-depressants hover around the average.
People also overestimate just how jumpy their countrymen are. Although 77% of respondents agreed that “people are more frightened or anxious than they used to be”, only 37% felt that way themselves, whereas 29% said they were more sanguine than before. That discrepancy extends to specific terrors: 63% of people think the economic situation is a major cause of fearfulness in others, but only 12% of respondents confessed to feeling “quite” or “very” scared about it personally (see chart). Shame or self-delusion may explain some of the difference (28% of respondents claimed, rather improbably, never to feel frightened about anything). But they cannot explain it all.
In any case, the reign of terror may soon start to ease: the government's new mental-health strategy requires it to promote the mental well-being of the public at large. Whether that will stem the litany of doom is unclear: Britons continue obstinately to smoke, speed and be fat, and the impulse to terrify them out of such sins will remain hard to resist.
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Developer time is rivalrous
Sun 07 June 2009
Martin Owens writes on the subject of open source economics:
What I would suggest is that we are looking at the problem the wrong way. While software is not rivalrous or excludable, software development as a service is excludable (although not quite rivalrous) and this is important.
Fundamentally, I'm not sold on "source code isn't excludable". Or computer data of any sort for that matter. If I make a photo, I can exclude it by not publishing it until I receive payment for it. Similarly, if I hire Martin to patch the source code for a project, I can exclude others from that work simply by not publishing the patch. It's tempting to apply the following logic to excludable goods:
1. HackerWare publishes an open source product, FizBuzz.
2. SuitSales Inc discovers FizBuzz has a flaw.
3. SuitSales Inc, depending on FizBuzz, hires a Joe The Programmer to fix the bug for them in house.
4. (the "software isn't excludable" step/fallacy) Joe the Programmer gives the patch away for free to people, maybe even HackerWare.
Except Joe the Programmer doesn't have to give the patch away for free. He could go around consulting with SuitSales's competitors and repeat the transaction, at significantly lower costs (people complain about this practice in the IT community). He might even negotiate an agreement with people not share his patch. But even if he doesn't, SuitSales Inc. has the same incentives: share in exchange for cash. In any case, some action has to be taken for a third party to enjoy the benefits of the patch.
In fact, the GPL isn't enough to make normal code a public good. You're under no obligation to publish patches for private use, and no third party is required to be involved. Instead, the GPL is sort of a compromise, to undo the damage copyright has wrought on the process. Copyright provides massive incentives to produce "intellectual property." Ever notice how "hit-driven" markets seem to deal exclusively with intellectual property? Movies, music, software, books; theres more stuff out there that I want to enjoy than I could spend a lifetime consuming.
So if this is more of a club good, why do people offer code seemingly for free? Joe might give the patch away in exchange for some peer review of his code before he offers it to his clients for production use. SuitSales might want ease of maintenance, because carrying a delta incurs a cost. The GPL provides grease on the wheels for this.
And why would HackerWare release the code in the first place? Because all this consulting work is, and always has been, the gravy train, and HackerWare has a major competitive advantage. They can advertise support contracts at the same place you get the software from, and they know the heart of the code.
So I find Martin Owen's proposal interesting, but probably misguided. He denigrates support contracts as somehow indirect and undesirable, when it's really a good way to insure a group of users and fund development in the process. The trouble with buying and selling developer time directly is one of estimation. Generally speaking, you hire developers for their output. It's generally believed that programmer productivity is unequal and hard to measure beforehand, so you really have no idea how many "blocks" you'd need to spend to prioritize a feature or bug. And how would you enforce hours worked?
Most importantly, what does escrow do with failed projects?
Comments !
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View Full Version : First trip to the ER (long)
04-29-2004, 10:51 PM
Well, I swore it wouldn't happen. I'd read all the posts and think, I won't need to post anything like that. I'm really careful. So maybe he'll go in high school after an atheletic event...
Carson's had an infection in his finger for about a week. We were putting hydrogen peroxide and Neosporin on it since last Friday (per the doctor's orders.) Mom came over to visit yesterday and got me kind of concerned, so I called the doctor again and we went in for him to check it last night.
The doctor said that it looks like it is improving (from my descriptions), and to continue what we are doing (hydrogen peroxide and Neosporin) and to start him on an antibiotic because it is an infection and it needs to be cured from the inside.
today, he was playing around 3:45 after just "snacking". He was moving so quickly through all of his toys. I was on the couch, paging through a magazine and watching him. He ended up next to the couch where we keep the bigger toys and was playing with the push cart that we just borrowed 2 days ago from our neighbor. It has little mail slots on it to put plasitc "mail" and they open as doors. Anyway, all the sudden I heard a shriek, much more high pitched and louder than a "fall-and-get-back-up" pout. I knew something was wrong. I picked him up and he was screaming and catching his breath... so red in the face. So I saw his hand was all bloody. I ran him over to the sink and sprayed warm/cold water on it to rinse it off so I could figure out which finger/where it was. Of course, it was the infected finger. It was like a faucet with blood and I tried to keep it under the water, but he was really crying. So I called the doctor's office. They wanted me to put pressure on it for a few minutes to stop the bleeding, then ice it if he'd let me. Took a cloth and put pressure on it, but he would just scream. I decided to take him outside to distract him and me, and we walked up and down the street singing. Then we sat on the stairs. Everytime I tried to change the pressure point, to try to stop the bleeding, he would scream. (I sang to calm him down.) So I decided to breastfeed him to calm him. That worked a little, but he was still in too much pain. Called Steve after about 30 minutes and we talked and decided it was time to go to the doctor. So I put 4 bandaids on it and put him in the car. Promptly, he fell asleep and I called the doctor who told me to go to the ER.
First, I had to call Steve to find out where the nearest hospital is (I was a little in shock, but I'm also still learning the area.) I got there, but made a wrong turn on the way. It was a beautiful hosptial!! The people were so great to us and Carson was the entertainment for the ER waiting room. As long as the bandage didn't come loose, he was smiling and jumping and "talking" to everyone. When we finally got in to see the doctor, they decided that there wasn't much they could do. It was too small to stitch and if it is broken, they would only recommend a bandage and an antibiotic, so since he was already getting that, they didn't even x-ray.
I felt a little embarrassed because we spent the afternoon in the ER and all he needed was a bandage of guaze. But now we need to stop the hydro-peroxide and Neosporin and continue the antibiotic for 9 more days.
It still bleeds when irritated so I have a feeling it will be a long few days while it heals. We'll go back to the doctor on Monday.
Just a thought... I remember at Carson's 6 month appt., the ped said, "okay, we'll see you in 3 months." My response was, "I have a feeling we'll be in before then." Since his 6 month appt., we've been in 6 times... this will be number 7 on Monday! And he has over a month to go until his 9 month appt. Yikes!
04-29-2004, 11:25 PM
Oh Julie! I am so glad that Carson is ok. What an afternoon you have had. I am sure you were frantic but I am glad all is ok.
Mom to Julia 6-13-02
And baby #2 EDD 12-30-04!!
04-29-2004, 11:35 PM
Good to hear that Carson is ok! What a scare you had. I hope after Monday you don't see your ped again until his 9-month appointment!
04-29-2004, 11:36 PM
What a day! Poor little guy. I hope he isn't in too much pain.
Mommy to Jackson 11-10-02
04-29-2004, 11:36 PM
I'm so glad Carson is ok. I know how scary those ER visits are...we had to take Sammy in when he fell off the counter. We felt kind of dumb when we walked out a few hours later without even a bandaid, but it's better safe then sorry.
I wanted to tell you that I was taught in nursing school not to use hydrogen peroxide on wounds because it actually interferes with the healing process by inhibiting the build-up of a scab. I imagine every health care professional has their own theory on wound healing, but just wanted to pass that along for your consideration. Also, to throw another wrench into it, my dh is a pharmacist and he swears that Neosporin doesn't really help much with skin infections because it doesn't fight the most common bacteria that cause most skin infections. He says oral antibiotics and soap and water are the way to go for infections. Take it for what it's worth. Like I said, there are lots of different theories out there.
Glad Carson is ok :)
Lisa - mom to 10 month old twin boys who's sure she's going to be going through a LOT of bandaids and ER visits in the future with my guys :)
04-30-2004, 09:35 AM
Lisa, It's interesting you mention that. My DH had the same comment yesterday afternoon. He thinks the hydroperox. dried it out. I'm going to mention it to the doctor. At the ER they were like, "NOOOOO! don't continue doing that" and had abot the same comment as your dh.
thanks to everyone for your notes!
04-30-2004, 11:01 AM
Aww, Julie - hugs to you and to poor little Carson! You must have been soo worried when he wouldn't stop crying and you couldn't get the bleeding to stop. Glad it turned out ok and I hope he heals soon!
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Concerns Raised About Broken Florida Hydrant
The fire hydrant across the street from the ruined house was out of service.
DELTONA, Fla. --
Investigators said a fire that gutted a home in Deltona Monday night was set deliberately, making it a big concern to neighbors.
But the fact that the fire hydrant across the street from the ruined house was out of service raised even bigger concerns.
Deltona firefighters did not know the fire hydrant was out of service until they arrived on the scene and saw a bag over the hydrant. As a result, the house kept burning while firefighters worked to find the next closest water source.
"I saw huge flames and what looked like fireworks shooting up into the sky," said neighbor Louis Lenoir.
The fire literally blew the roof off of the house, and had swelled to an inferno by the time firefighters arrived. Officials confirmed that someone must have deliberately set it ablaze.
"This was obviously a deliberately set fire, with accelerants of some type that obviously were used to create this large volume of fire this rapidly," said Bob Rogers of the Deltona Fire Department.
As a result of the accelerants, firefighters do not think they could have saved the home, but they were nevertheless surprised to find their efforts hampered by the out-of-service fire hydrant.
Lenoir said he was very concerned by this revelation.
"You work all day and you come home and you put your kids to bed," said Lenoir. "You like to think that if anything ever happened, you're taken care of."
Firefighters used a tanker to get immediate water on the fire, while others laid hose to the next closest hydrant-- more than a quarter-mile away.
"We just brought in the trucks and we did a lay from the house that was on fire to the hydrant," said Rogers. "It was about 1,700-1,800 feet away."
The nonworking hydrant does not belong to Deltona, but rather Volusia County Utilities. It was the company's responsibility to notify the city the hydrant was out.
"Why that didn't happen this time, we don't know," said Rogers. "We're working with them to find out what happened and why we didn't get notification that this fire hydrant was out of service."
Volusia County officials held several meetings Tuesday to investigate why the fire department was not notified.
The owner of the torched home is out of the country. It was not immediately clear whether the owner is aware of the arson.
No one was injured in the blaze.
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De Palma and Pacino to make biopic
Scarface team Brian De Palma and Al Pacino are set to reunite on an upcoming biopic.
Brian, who directed Al in the 1983 gangster film, has signed up to work with the star on a movie about the late former Penn State head football coach Joe Paterno, Deadline reported.
The film, which has a tentative title of Happy Valley, is reportedly expected to depict how Paterno's legacy at the school was tarnished by the revelation of his knowledge of defensive co-ordinator Jerry Sandusky's molestation of children.
Al - who also played a football coach in the 1999 film Any Given Sunday - has been attached to play Paterno for some time.
He is also set to star in an upcoming film version of Shakespeare's King Lear, which is currently in pre-production.
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Name: PWFP003.EXE
Security Level: Unknown (Scan PWFP003.EXE)
Infected OS:Windows NT/2000/XP/Vista (Scan PWFP003.EXE)
Similar Threats: Downloader.Generic3.JRA, PSW.Generic6.AORJ, Downloader.Agent.KVZ,
The file PWFP003.EXE is possibly a legitimate Windows file or a disguised threat. Please notice that malicious PC threats always good at delete or cover the legitimate files and then pretend to be normal files to compromise system. You may never realize that you have malicious PWFP003.EXE file hiding on your system. So it is highly recommended to run an instant full scan over your system to check for the file PWFP003.EXE and any other PE files ( dll, exe, sys, tmp, etc) to secure your computer system. Check and Diagnose PWFP003.EXE immediately.
Warning: If you find that the PWFP003.EXE process executes and runs from any other suspicious locations, you need to scan your computer with a security program. Because such fishy phenomenon could be caused by virus or trojan horse. Some of the viruses will disguise PWFP003.EXE running on your computer to attack the system and steal important data.
Possible Location:
C:\Program Files\Common Files
Possible Infected Registry Entries:
Recent Infected countries:
Run a Scan to Detect PWFP003.EXE and other PC Threats Now!
How to Remove a False PWFP003.EXE?
It is a high risk to remove the PWFP003.EXE file by manual unless you are extremely good at computer maintenance. Most of the malicious files including PWFP003.EXE are pretended in the file extensions. If you incorrectly remove the necessary file extensions, this operation will damage your computer. What is worse, you can not ensure that you can remove PWFP003.EXE file completely from your PC and your system becomes corrupted. Thus, for most of the computer users, it is suggested to download and install Best Spyware Scanner to scan and remove infected PWFP003.EXE and other threats such as Virus, Trojan, Adware and Spyware.
Want to remove PWFP003.EXE?
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It is 100% guaranteed to remove PWFP003.EXE from your PC completely with Best Spyware Scanner.
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Alert Moderator
((Goodfellas : The Classic))[[10]]
One of those movies I can watch over and over. Even if it's on TV and I haven't started from the beginning I'll still watch the rest! The soundtrack is amazing and fits in perfectly with the scenes. I can't pick one fault with it except it made me want to become a gangster, which probably isn't a good thing.
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TUCoPS :: Privacy :: LIEDCTR.TXT
Meet and beat the lie detector
%% %%
%% Meet and Beat the Lie Detector %%
%% %%
%% Stolen from the book %%
%% BIG SECRETS! %%
%% by: William Poundstone %%
%% %%
%% Typed By %%
%% --==**>>THE RELFEX<<**==-- %%
%% [Member: Omnipotent, Inc.] %%
%% %%
%% 80-col for Countlegger 8 and %%
%% various typo. corrections by %%
%% Count Lazlo Hollifeld-Nibble %%
%% %%
The polygraph test was invented by William Moulton Marston, who was,
strangely enough, also the creator of the "Wonder Woman" comic strip
(under the name Charles Moulton). The standard polygraph records
only three distinct vital signs. A blood-pressure cuff on the upper
arm measures changes in blood pressure. Wires attached to the
fingers measure changes in electrical resistance of the skin due to
sweating. Rubber straps around the torso measure the breathing
rate. This information is displayed as four squiggles on a moving
strip of graph paper.
Whether or not you believe a polygraph provides useful information
(most psychologists have their doubts), there is a good chance you'll
be asked to take a polygraph test. The vast majority of lie-detector
tests are administered for employee screening--"Have you been using
the WATS like for personal calls?" and so forth--not for police
work. In 'A Tremor In the Blood: Uses and Abuses of the Lie
Detector' (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1981), polygraph critic David
Thoreson Lykken estimates that as many as one million polygraph
examinations are performed on Americans each year. In criminal cases
however, even the manifestly innocent may be asked to take a
polygraph test. All Yakima County, Washington, rape victims are
required to take the test; refusal means the case will not be
At best, all the polygraph can indicate is a heightened emotional
reaction to a question. It cannot specify what kind of an emotional
reaction. Polygraphers try to design question formats so
guilt-induced nervousness will be the only emotional invoked and so
the subject's reaction to relevant questions can be compared to
other, "control" questions.
This is the question format used in most police investigations. It
usually starts with a card trick devised by two pioneer polygraphers,
John E. Reid and F. E. Inbau.
The polygrapher hooks the subject to the polygraph and takes out a
deck of cards. The polygrapher tells the subject that he must
"calibrate" the polygraph with a simple test. He fans the deck and
asks the subject to select a card. The subject is told to look at
the card but not to show it or mention its name. The polygrapher
tells the subject to answer "no" to every question asked about the
card. "Is it a black card?" the polygrapher asks. "Is it a high
card?" and so on. After each "no" the polygrapher scrutinizes the
tracings and fiddles with the dials. If the no answer is incorrect,
the polygrapher disagrees. The field is soon narrowed to one
card--and it is the correct card.
Needless to say, the polygrapher uses a trick deck. The point is to
foster confidence in the machine. After identifying the card, the
polygrapher comments that the subject's reactions are particularly
easy to read and segues into the interrogation.
Three types of questions are used in a lie-control test. The entire
list is read to the subject well in advance of the test. The start
of a typical interrogation might run like this:
1. Is your name Sarah Elkins?
2. Is Paris the capital of France?
3. Have you ever failed to report more than $50 of tip, gambling or gift
income on a single year's tax return?
4. Is this apple red?
5. Do you have any idea why the cash reciepts for the last quarter are about
$22,000 in error?
6. Is there something important that you did not mention on your job
7. Have you ever been embezzling from the company?
The first question is always irrelevant to the matter being
investigated. It has to be because many subjects get nervous on the
first question no matter what. Other irrelevant questions are asked
throughout the interrogation (questions 2 and 4 in the sample list).
If the subject gives any thought to these questions, he assumes that
they are control questions to provide a yardstick for evaluating
responses to the relevant questions. Actually, the irrelevant
questions are there to give the subject's vital signs time to return
to normal. They aren't the control questions.
Questions 5 and 7 in the list above are relevant questions--the only
questions the examiner is really interested in. The relevant
questions are asked in several different wordings during the test.
Questions 3 and 6 are control questions. In the pretest discussion
of the questions, the polygrapher explains that it is helpful to
throw in a few "general honesty" questions. Whoever committed the
serious crime, the spiel goes, probably comitted less serious crimes
in the past. Hence the inclusion of questions about tax cheating,
lying on the job applications, stealing as a child, etc.
The polygrapher affects the attitude that it would be damaging indeed
to admit any such indiscretions. Frequently this scares the subject
into admitting minor crimes. In that case, the plygrapher frowns and
agrees to rewrite the question. Should the subject concede failing
to report eighty dollars in gambling winnings, question 3 might be
changes to "Have you ever failed to report more than a hundred
dollars of tip, gambling, or gift income on a single years's tax
return?" If necessary, several of the control questions may be
reworded before the test--always so that the subject will be able to
give the "honest" response.
In reality, the whole point of each working question is to
manufacture a lie. It is the secret working premise of polygraphers
that everyone commits the minor transgressions that are the subject
of the usual control questions. All the subject's denials on the
control questions are assumed to be lies. The polygraph tracings
during these "lies" establish a base line for interpreting the
reaction to the relevant questions.
The reason for rewriting some control questions is so a candid
subject will no admit to minor crimes on the test. That would be
telling the truth, and the polygrapher wants the subject to lie. The
control questions are intentionally broad. Even if a question is
reworded to exclude the confessed instance, it is assumed that any
denial must be a lie.
The rationale for the lie-control test goes like this: The honest
subject will be worried about the control questions. He'll know that
he has committted small transgressions or suspect that he must have,
even if he can't remember them. So he'll be afraid that the machine
will detect his deception on the "general honesty" questions
(especially in view of its success with the card trick). That would
be embarrassing at least, and it might throw suspicion on him for the
larger crime. In contrast, the relevant questions should be less
threating to the honest subject. He knows he didn't commit the
crimes they refer to.
The guilty person, on the other hand, should have far more to fear
from the relevant questions. If the machine can detect lying on the
relevant issue, it matters little that it might also implicate him in
petty matters.
By this hypothesis, an innocent person should have greater
polygraphic response to the control questions than to the relevant
questions. The guilty pattern is just the reverse: greater response
to the relevant qustions. This, at any rate, is what polygraphers
look for when the machine is switched on.
The relevant-control test is the type used for most employee
screenings. Thus it is the most common type of examination. The
interrogation consists only of irrelevant and relevant questions. As
with the lie-control test, the first question and a few others are
irrelevant. The relevant questions usually test workplace honesty:
"Have you ever taken home office supplies for personal use?" "Have
you ever clocked in for someone else?"
The premise is that no one will lie about everything. So if a few of
the relevant questions produce heightened responses, they are
presumed to be the questions on which the subject is lying.
Unfurtunately, there is no ambiguous way of deciding how much
response is indicates a lie. Most psychologists agree that the
relevant-control test is a poor test of deception.
The Reid/Inbau card trick is eliminated from employee screenings:
There is too great of a chance of coworkers comparing notes and
discoverings that everyone picked the ace of spades.
To the extent that the polygraph works at all, it works because
people believe it does. Many criminals confess during polygraph
examinations. Many employees are more honest for fear of periodic
screenings. But a dummy polygraph that hummed and scribbled
preprogrammed tracings would be no less effective in these instances.
David Thoreson Lykken estimates that lie-control polygraph tests are
about 70 percent accurate. (Remember, though, that choosing "heads"
or "tails" of a flipped coin can be accurate 50 percent of the
time.) Accuracy of 70 percent is not impressive, but it is high
enough to talk meaningfully of beating a polygraph test.
Just by having read this far, you stand a greater chance of beating a
polygraph test. You won't be wowed by the card demonstration. You
realize that the polygraph's powers are limited. There are two
additional techniques for beating the polygraph. The more obvious is
to learn how to repress physiologic responses to stressful
questions. Some people are good at this one; others are not. Most
people can get better by practicing with a polygraph. Of course,
this training requires a polygraph, and polygraphs are expensive.
The opposite approach is to pick out the control questions in the
pretest discussion and exaggerate reactions to these questions during
the test. When the control-question responses are greater than the
relevant-question responses, the polygrapher must acquit the subject.
Because breathing is one of the parameters measured, taking a deep
breath and holding it will record as an abnormal response. Flexing
the arm muscles under the cuff distorts the blood-pressure reading.
But a suspicious polygrapher may spot either ruse.
A more subtle method is to hide a tack in one shoe. Stepping on the
tack during the control questions produces stress reactions with no
outward signs of fidgeting. Biting the tounge forcefully also works.
--William Poundstone
Site design & layout copyright © 1986- AOH
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The Longstitch: The first thing to be learnt, after the washing and pressing of fabric, is the basic hand-wrought longstitch. This is a simple, fairly easy, and very strong stitch that is used primarily for seams. Its form is basically a series of loops of thread through two or more layers of fabric, each overlapping the previous by half its length.
To learn to sew a neat, straight, longstitch, procure some cheap cotton or other natural-fibre fabric, some thread of the same stuff, and a medium sharp needle.
Seams are a way of joining bits of fabric together with stitches. There are a variety of seams they have different uses.
A plain seam is the simplest method.
To create a plain seam lay the pieces of fabric with their right sides facing each other At the edge you want to join sew a line of stitches through both pieces of fabric.
Plain seam.png
Encloses the raw edges to prevent fraying.
Start off with a plain seam. Cut one of the seam allowances shorter. Tuck the longer allowance under the shorter on and stitch through all layers to hold in place.
Last modified on 27 December 2009, at 11:33
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Thursday, July 06, 2006
for 7/7: outside King's Cross
I took this photo a year ago, shortly after the London bombings. The flag had been placed near a memorial garden that blossomed in front of the train station. Shortly afterwards I was in Leeds, arriving on the very day of the Beeston raids. An uneasiness from these events hung over the International Medieval Congress, but I can't say what effects the apprehension had on the work of scholars gathered there. [And by that I mean what historicists have staked their careers upon: the pasts we imagine cannot fail to be marked by the present, so much the more when we inhabit troubled times. Present calamity sends shock waves in every direction, a temporal backwash that can change profoundly the history we know. "The Flow of Blood in Medieval Norwich" was a 9/11 project, even though it never mentions the present world.]
Not coincidentally, I'll soon be posting a review of Peter Haidu's The Subject Medieval/Modern: Text and Governance in the Middle Ages, a book that examines violence in medieval texts and modern theory.
Anonymous said...
It is surely impossible to escape the present in the past. The question is what you do with it.
The idea that the 'past is a foreign country' can be immensely powerful in critically debating ideas of 'us and them' - and remoter periods of 'our' history (like the middle ages) can be especially valuable in that respect. Of course it can also be salient to discover how many assumptions of modern social norms are grounded in past historical circumstances that were anything but natural (not just in the fields of race, sexuality, gender and personal identity - but also in attitudes to labour, markets, the environment, war, the state and so much else). It is a crime to leave the past to politicians - and politicians will always exploit the past.
A recent BBC (?) poll here suggested that History is more popular than football. When it's that powerful we ignore it at our peril! (But maybe the US is different?)
emile blauche said...
It's interesting to me, this talk of the past and the present, amounting to rootedness in time and space, the temporal, the local, the seen in history, and in the physical world.
Maslow felt such talk yielded D-Cognition (Deficiency-Cognition), precisely what interferes with the creation of a fully human future. I wonder if he wasn't on to something.
Anonymous said...
I don't think that you can easily apply 'deficiency cognition' or 'being cognition' to large fields of knowledge and experience involving millions of diverse users of the past, since (so far as I can see) Maslow's approach is grounded in the 'ego' and personal perceptions.
How people use the past (and need the past) will surely be as various as how they need and use food or money.
I agree that it is an interesting idea to play with in relation to some users of the past, however.
On a lighter note 'being cognition' is surely also a matter of life-cycle. At least many cultures associate growing age with changing needs and perceptions of need.
I have merely go my Maslow up through the power of Google - please tell me I am all wrong!
emile blauche said...
Maslow himself never avoided characterizing groups, societies, or cultures as having either B- or D-cognition. Indeed, he was deeply invested in Benedict's notion of the synergistic society.
Furthermore, Maslow was rather fond of sketching the characteristics of (indeed, generalizing about) diverse professional groups: most famously, biologists, psychologists, and artists.
I don't know if D-Cognition applies here--it was something to think about. One might note the conspicuous absence of the future in most medievalism--chockfull of the past and, more recently, the present, but light on the future.
But one thing I am certain Maslow would have found consistent with D-Cognition is an approach to history that frames it in terms of "use." Usefulness is a D-Value, whereas seeing history not as something to be used (or needed) but rather as something intrinsically interesting for its own sake is consistent with B-Cognition. (See, e. g., ch. 20, "Further Notes on COgnition" in The Farther Reaches of Human Nature, as well as ch. 6 of Toward a Psychology of Being.)
Anonymous said...
Hmm - for the synergetic society to work in relation to the past I think that you would have to break your user groups down into quite small entities. So I am not sure how useful it would become in the end.
Yes - I did understand the difference between use/need and appreciation, I just expressed myself badly. I still think B-cognition may be associated with life cycle and experience (and I suppose that might be sometimes collective as well as individual).
As for thinking about the future, I don't think it is true that this is something that medievalists either do or don't do. It very much depends on what kind of medievalist you are. Marxists, of course, engage with the future (even if they don't always make it explicit, nevertheless the underlying paradigm is future-orientated). The movements away from that kind of belief in grand dialectical processes (and that kind of narration) are diverse and complex - but by no means are they particularly associated with medievalists alone.
emile blauche said...
I am trying to find a place where Maslow ties B-Cognition/Values explicitly to the life-cycle. Perhaps you can help me out? In some sense I suppose it is always implied since he's talking generally about the development of the human organism. Still I don't recall Maslow arguing that maturation was a key variable in the production of B-Cognition.
I do know that Maslow didn't buy Erikson's stages in the sense that he didn't see any reason for generativity and integrity to be reserved for the later stages. And so Maslow talks about children having B-Cognition. (See, e. g., his "Notes on Innocent Cognition," in L. Schenk-Danzinger, & H. Thomas (Eds.),
Gegenwartsprobleme der Entwicklungspsychologie: Festschrift fur Charlotte Buhler [Gottingen: Verlag fur Psychologie, 1963].)
Sure, it depends on what kind of medievalist one is, hence my statement that "most medievalism" is marked by an avoidance of the future. The Marxists afterall comprise a terrifically small constituency (at least as far as one might find evidence of Marxism in medieval scholarship).
Eileen Joy said...
I have to agree with Emile Blauche that medievalists, for the most part, do, indeed, ignore the future [regardless of whether or not we want to say that Marxist medievalists implicitly address it, although I wonder . . . .]. It is especially interesting to think about this viz. what goes on in history departments, since a "history of the present" is often regarded as the purview of the sociologist or political scientist [although, of course, there are people in history who study "present" events, only "just after," as it were]. But my larger point is that, among historians there is also precious little attention paid to the future, although there should be *more* attention paid, since ethics, if we care about that, always has to be future-oriented [I am assuming this is an obvious point--correct me if I am wrong--de Certeau once said that a "proper census of the population of the dead" was the proper concern of history, and I agree with this--it relates to what might be called an ethical "reckoning"--but in the end, ethics has to also be ultimately oriented to some kind of question of futurity, such as "how shall we live our lives?"--to poach from the title of a Peter Singer book]. Interestingly, "Social Text" has two special issues coming out soon devoted to the topic of "Afro Futurism," and I think these will be interesting to read. I have a colleague who will have an essay in one of those issues on Colson Whitehead's novel "The Intuitionist" [excellent book, by the way] and Condoleeza Rice. But again, as E.B. points out, we don't think about the future *enough* and we should.
J J Cohen said...
In general, it is true: medievalists consider themselves custodians of the past, not (at least as part of their profession) of the present or future. Is that news to anyone?
Yet anyone who turns to the past is also opening up alternate presents and possible futures. Such temporal interweaving is inescapable, part of our being in and of time.
Surely, you could argue that medieval studies isn't the most effective way to study the future, or to open up some futurity. And you would be right. But a vector that starts back in time doesn't -- can't -- stay rooted in the past alone.
Karl Steel said...
Absolutely, simply by showing the historicity of categories and the fact that things have never always been what they were.
Looking forward to the Haidu review. I dipped into the book quickly only to see if he'd updated his 1983 article on Yvain. He hadn't. So I'd like to get a sense of his overall argument.
E said...
Not, it's not news, but what if medieval studies considered its main purview to be "the past in the present," or something like that? I've never really believed I study the past so much as I study artifacts *from* the past that, somehow, have survived into my [and others'] present moment. When I study these artifacts ["Beowulf," for example], I think of them as being "striated," as it were, by all the temporal zones through which they have passed, and I do not believe it is actually possible to analyze or study them *as if* they are anything but--because they are with us *now*, in whatever form--modern. I will share here part of a book I am working on that I hope illuminates what I mean. This is from a chapter-in-progress that compares the production of the "Electronic Beowulf" with the 20-year-restoration of Leonardo's "Last Supper," and also discusses the paintings of Anselm Kiefer and the short stories and drawings of Bruno Schulz [what follows is part of the conclusion of that chapter]:
V. All Mouth and Teeth and Motion
Returning, once again, to the question of how the scholar works in time with things that have fallen out of time, I am reminded of a story I encountered recently written by Stephen King titled "The Langoliers." It is, in many respects, a rather silly story, but it constructs a theory of time which I think applies to the way in which we need to begin thinking through the process of how past things--such as the "Beowulf" manuscript, Leonardo's frescoes, and Schulz's murals--relate to the present. The title of King's story refers to a kind of "story-within-the-story" that one of the characters, about midway through the narrative, relates about his childhood. Apparently, this character's father had been a bullying and frightening tyrant, and whenever he thought his son was being lazy or procrastinating about something he would tell him about "the Langoliers," who were all mouth and teeth and motion and moved with terrifying speed, devouring anything that moved more slowly than they did. They existed in the past, but if you wasted time they would catch up to you and eat you alive. This story so terrified this character when he was a boy that, as a grown man, he is intensely neurotic about wasting time and therefore he becomes the most "unhinged" when he gets caught up in the plot of this story that is, ultimately, about getting stuck outside of time.
In the present action of King's story, ten sleeping passengers on a plane headed for Boston wake up to discover that, even though they are tens of thousands of feet up in the sky, all of the other passengers, including the pilots, have disappeared, leaving behind only their material effects--watches, jewelry, false teeth, eyeglasses, wallets, books and magazines, etc. Somehow, we discover later, they traveled through a "rip" in the fabric of time and wound up in what appears to be an abandoned universe. Luckily, one of the remaining passengers is a pilot and he manages to land the jet in Bangor, Maine, but when the ten survivors deplane they discover that no one is there in the airport or anywhere at all in the surrounding countryside. They soon deduce--never mind how--that they have traveled to the past and it's a very unsafe place to be. In fact, it is literally in the process of using itself up--matches don't work there, the beer in the airport cafe is flat, the sandwiches have no flavor that can be tasted, electricity cannot be generated, and in the distance beyond the hills, they can hear a terrifying sound--similar to gale force winds, or a tornado--which seems to be headed their way. In fact, this is the sound of time itself literally devouring the landscape and anything else in that landscape of material heft and weight.
Realizing that they cannot stay in the past which is, finally, a vacuum that devours everything in its wake, they re-board the plane and head back to Los Angeles, the assumption being that if they go back the exact same way they came (while asleep, of course), they can go back through the time rip and end up back in the present. Never mind how this all works--it's utterly ridiculous from a scientific point-of-view. Nor shall we worry about all the plot complications I haven't shared, such as the subplot about the passenger who told his childhood story about the Langoliers actually going murderously insane and then even being devoured by whirling black holes with multiple rows of gnashing metal teeth (time itself) while the plane lifts off from the Bangor airport. The important thing is, the remaining passengers make it to the Los Angeles airport (with the one exception of the pilot who, after teaching one passenger how to land the plane, stays awake in order to steer the plane through the time rip and therefore heroically sacrifices his life for the others), and guess what? No one is in Los Angeles either, no one at all. They are now in the future and they have to wait for the present to catch up with them, which it eventually does because, oddly enough, this is a horror story with a happy ending.
The moral of the story, finally, is that one cannot travel to the past nor to the future, because nothing is actually there, and the past is even violent and dangerous due to the peculiar physics of the place. In the end, the only place that is livable is the present. But the question is begged: don't the things of the past--those watches and pairs of eyeglasses, the beer bottles and sandwiches, and even the buildings--endure somehow and come into the present, and isn't the past, then, always--if even in fragments--in the present (in other words, not completely devoured by time's voracious maw)? The answer, I think, is both "yes" and also "no," for the obvious reasons--the basic principles of evolutionary biology suffice to demonstrate that the past comes into the present through a process of ferocious will and replication, random accident, and even sheer, dumb luck, and it is through this very same process that the past often stays behind as well. The more important question is: how are we to reckon the evolutionary process by which the past comes into the present, and most properly take account of both what is lost and what remains? How, in other words, do you give the dead what they might have wanted (if you think that's important), while also attending to those around you in the present who might be in need of some possible answers to the difficult question, "why does the past matter?"--and even, the more anxious question, "why does the past matter in this particular instant of time?"
Leonardo may not have cared enough about the future in his fresco preparation in the refectory at Santa Marie delle Grazie, but we know that he was anxious about how some things might get lost in time, and he tried to prepare for it. In 1508, when he was living in Florence and collecting notes for his Codex Arundel, a compendium of many subjects--including astronomy and optics, geology, hydraulics, architecture, war machines, and the flight of birds--he wrote the following note to himself regarding his work before departing for Milan: "Take care of all these matters tomorrow, copy them, and then mark the originals with a sign and leave them in Florence, so that if you lose what you take with you, the invention will not be lost" (qtd. in Alessandro Vezzosi, Leonardo da Vinci: The Mind of the Renaissance, trans. Alexandra Bonfante-Warren [New York, 1997], 106).
Ultimately, then, the job of the contemporary scholar is to work to connect the excavated artwork--even when that artwork exists only as a fragment, or only exists in imperfect, perhaps incomplete copies--to what is essentially a re-creative and generative act in the present that will take us closer, not necessarily to how the text or painting might have looked if only it had escaped the ravages of history, but to the more mystical yet also intellectual energies of creative expression which always, in all times and places, has its limits.
emile blauche said...
It is far from axiomatic that a turn to the past opens up alternative presents and possible futures. Too many examples of becoming mired in the past vitiate such a claim. Or perhaps "opens up" is one of those impossibly vague verbs that evade contradiction or negation.
Perhaps what is meant is that turning to the past is a way of generating or calling into existence these alternate presents and possible futures. (#1)
Or perhaps what is meant is that turning to the past is a way of interpreting (as in opening up for analysis) alternate presents and possible futures. (#2)
The first does not make any sense within the terms of any conception of time with which I am familiar. But then I have always favored the Greeks with their chronos and kairos.
The second is problematic since I am not sure how we would ever know that the present we are analyzing is truly "alternative" since, by definition, it constitutes our present, or our experience of the present moment.
Here is something else to consider (something I deal with in a forthcoming essay): there is what I would call the absent past, that is, a past that, phenomenologically speaking, does not exist and never will. This is the past that is no longer an active influence on the present, and is a past only in the historical or narrative sense, when viewed from the outside.
Examples of this absent or nonexistent past that has imposed initial constraints and degrees of freedom on what might be possible experiences include neurophysiological alterations that were indelibly fixed in early development due to, e.g., trauma or conflict. The consequences, e.g., of early, massive socioaffective deprivation as seen in some orphanages (Gunnar, 2001) or the later developmental consequences of early attachment patterns (Sroufe, 1999) are examples.
Anonymous said...
If you are a guardian of the past - who/what are you guarding it for?
I don't think that it is possible to think very far with binaries (all medievalists are this, all sociologists are that). Such generalisations do not work and also ignore the interdisciplinary links between the two fields. Try some kind of grid theory instead?
Secondly what do we all mean by future here? You cannot judge medieval studies only by the books you read in dusty libraries. Many academics spend the majority of their time teaching and administering (both very future centred activities). In my fields (and perhaps also more in the old world than the new) many medievalists (among others) engage directly with the future through local and national planning, leisure, media and education industries. A popular name for this is 'heritage' which has all kinds of political and future-oriented agendas associated with it.
Finally - the socialist/marxist historians I have known personally - have generally been engaged with the future and you can read that in their work all the more when you know their lives. So I think JJC has a point about the unhappy disembodiedness that published work acquires.
Finally (and with smile) I have to say that it was me (not Maslow) who associated B-cog with the cultural sanguinity of getting older. Those two things have been quite a feature of my (and mine's) personal experience in the past 12 months.
Now I must dash - full day of teaching, admin and conservation work to come yet (and yes it is the vacation here too!)
J J Cohen said...
Karl: And -- I would want to stress this, as EJ does -- most medievalists don't see themselves as part of this future-generating process (by "future-generating" I mean simply unhitching the future, proximate or distant, from the imaginatively impoverished burden of being an extension of the present, or of being inevitable). With Eileen we might wonder what would happen if more scholars who study the past in all its distance could see implications for the future in at least some of what they do.
N50: the inevitability of encountering the present in the past is a historicist insight, and it ought to apply to the scholarship that historicists produce as well. Bynum is good on this ... but what could make the investigation richer (and more fraught) is to then ask: what next? what are the implications for thinking beyond the present, or thinking the present in more temporally complex terms? As for medievalists as guardians of the past ... well, I did say "custodians," and I meant that as labelling a self-perception of many medievalists. Should they perceive themselves as such is another question entirely. And as to for whom these medievalists might be guarding the past ... it seems that whenever scholars place the past under lock and key like that, they are preserving their fantasy of the past for themselves under the justification that they are willing something noble and pure to posterity. As if.
J J Cohen said...
E: I like your parable of temporal enfolding. Is there any topic you DON'T have as a forthcoming essay?
J J Cohen said...
Sorry to quote back at such length, but those queries have really stuck with me. I'm wondering where the space for a future is here. "The Langoliers" is a terrifying story, mainly for its inhuman and all-consuming notion of time as utter loss, but just as frightening is its conceptualziation of the future as the same as the present, just waiting for the present's occupants to catch up with and inhabit it. So you get two temporalities, not three: time as present swallowed into oblivion; time as present emptily extended into more of the same. I like how you focus on the material remains (watches, false teeth, uneaten food) not yet swallowed by the teeth and mouth of history -- oops, I mean of the Langoliers -- but I'm wondering how futurity might reside within or alongside such objects. If they are simply inert material then they may as well have been swallowed. Does the answer to the question "why does the past matter in this particular instant of time?" necessary link to the question of the open or closed future?
Anonymous said...
The following is a useful collection of links to resources for the study of public history and heritage:
I do not know whether there are literary equivalents.
Eileen Joy said...
Emile B.'s comments on the possibility of an absent past and what the implications of that "absent past" might be for the present [not an "alternative present" but an actual present--important distinction] brings me back again to the question of ethics--as in: how do we conceive of [or *want* to conceive of] our ethical obligations as historians of the past? What do we think is the *utility* of our work viz. the present? "What do the dead want from us?" Etc. Again, I have been trying to parse these questions in a variety of ways in the book I am working on, and have not settled on an answer, but in response to Emile's question about the "absent past," I offer an excerpt from the "opening" to the chapter from which I earlier shared part of the conclusion:
I. History's Dark Woods
In her provocative essay, "Memory, History, Revelation: Writing the Dead Other," Edith Wyschogrod writes that "The past does not give itself all at once as spectacle . . . but is disclosed by the 'not' that is imprinted . . . sous rature in what is actually imaged and told. . . . To remember is to grasp occurrences in the manner of holding-in-front-of-oneself not only that which was but that which could have been" (in Memory and History in Christianity and Judaism, ed. Michael A. Signer [Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 2001], 24). Furthermore, Wyschogrod writes that,
"Some historical narratives contain breaks in structure that I shall call their discursive space of authorization. Such spaces are often signaled by specific forumlae such as the announcement in Exodus, 'I am that I am.' The formula is a warning that there is a blank in the narrative that points to the governance of the events it recounts by that which is altogether outside the narrative. These blank spaces are the placeholders of revelation, a kind of white light that, unlike the formulae that announce them, illuminate the events recounted without ever becoming the focus of visibility." (ibid., 21)
The person wishing to render an accurate picture or account of the past must recognize that "the discursive space of memory is always already an ethical space," and the historian stands, as it were, "under [the] judgment" not only of the absent dead, but also of an "unincorporable infinite" that can only manifest itself in the blank spaces of the "predicative and iterative historical narrative" (ibid., 25, 31-32). Yet, as Wyschogrod also reminds us, if we believe that "history is judged in accordance with the claims of the dead Others," we should also remind ourselves of Nietzsche's caution in "The Uses and Abuses of History": "Who compels you to judge? If it is your wish--you must first prove that you are capable of justice. As judges you must stand higher that that which is to be judged; as it is you have only come later" (ibid., 31). But this is just a caution. Following Wyschogrod's line of thinking, the work of art rescued from the flow of history--such as the "Beowulf" manuscript or Leonardo's "Last Supper"--is both the carrier of a distinct cultural act and memory situated in a particular place and time which states, "it could not have been otherwise"--it was thus, and not thus--and also the placeholder of everything that is exterior to and in excess of that memory, what the Polish writer and artist Bruno Schulz called "the immensity of the transcendental" ("Sanatorium Under the Sign of the Hourglass," trans. Celina Wieniewski [Boston, 1978], 14). In his book "Sanatorium Under the Sign of the Hourglass," Schulz's narrator argues that there are some events that are too immense to be "contained in mere facts," and which the "ground of reality" cannot carry, and therefore,
"they quickly withdraw, fearing to lose their integrity in the frailty of realization. . . . as a result, white spots appear in our biography--scented stigmata, the faded silvery imprints of the bare feet of angels, scattered footmarks on our nights and days--while the fullness of life waxes, incessantly supplements itself, and towers over us in wonder after wonder. . . . An event may be small and insignificant in its origin, and yet, when drawn close to one's eye, it may open in its center an infinite and radiant perspective because a higher order of being is trying to express itself in it and irradiates it violently." (ibid., 13-14)
The narrator of Schulz's book, in fact, is the young artist-genius and hero of his own mytho-autobiography who continually draws the world close to his own eyes and perceives in it the violent irradiations of this higher order of being; in something as simple as a spring dusk he perceives "labyrinths of depth, warehouses and silos of things, graves that are still warm, the litter, and the rot" (ibid., 47). But perhaps we should also remember here the words of the survivor of Auschwitz, Primo Levi, who worried constantly that it might not be enough for the artist to bear witness to that which others have not seen or experienced, and further, that there are certain realms into which the writer-witness, for all his good intentions, cannot travel:
"We survivors are not only an exiguous but also an anomalous minority: we are those who by their prevarications or abilities or good luck did not touch bottom. Those who did so, those who saw the Gorgon, have not returned to tell about it or have returned mute, but they are the "Muslims," the submerged, the complete witnesses, the ones whose deposition would have a general significance. They are the rule; we are the exception." ("The Drowned and the Saved," trans. Raymond Rosenthal [New York: Vintage Books, 1989], 83-84)
[more in a bit . . . .]
Eileen Joy said...
Still trying to think through the tricky and ethically-fraught relationship of historians to their subject mattter [the "subjects"--human and otherwise] of the past, another bit from a different chapter in the book, which looks at "Beowulf" alongside the paintings of Stanley Spencer and Morrison's novel "Beloved":
III. Marking (Loving) the Dead
One of the most provocative and insistent questions of history is, “what do the dead want from us?” Suffice to say, there is not enough time in the world to adequately answer this question, but I want to suggest that it is that very question that resonates throughout "Beowulf," and lends to it a very modern insistency. The poem is infinitely complex with regard to the question, but one of the possible answers it provides is that the dead want to be marked–they want to be "written," as it were, into the future. They want to matter in the present that follows after them. Beowulf himself represents what Benjamin called "the secret heliotropism" by which "the past strives to turn toward the sun which is rising in the sky of history," and he calls attention to the relationship between memory and "marking" (or, writing), when he conveys to Wiglaf, just before dying, his request that "the battle-warriors will command that a bright mound be built . . . high on the whale-cliffs" (ll. 2802-05). Beowulf desires this not only as a gemyndum ("reminder") for his people, but also as a marker to future seafarers "when their ships drive from afar over the darkness of the flood" (ll. 2806-08) to keep Beowulf in mind. Beowulf’s desire to be marked with a memorial built high on a hill where it will be seen by travelers passing by on their ships, which ships can only come to Beowulf’s grave from a future that is now forever out of his grasp, can be seen as a desire to be kept alive as the marker of a particular historical moment, or memory. Beowulf's command is also a gesture that calls to mind Levinas's erotic caress of the future, in which the hero, just prior to death, always glimpses a last chance. And this caress is erotic, not because, following Freud, it is a "grasping" or "possessing" that seeks power over the Other through fusion, but because, in the more radical way Levinas defines it, it is a reaching out toward what is always "about to come" ("a venir") and which the ethical hero recognizes he cannot actually touch, yet reaches for anyway. It is the heroic gesture par excellence--a reaching through death toward life--that signifies the desire to be with the Other in the future in a voluptuousness of Being.
But the memorial, if built, and seen from afar, is also blank, and accretes with time, not memory, but forgetfulness. The last epithet applied to Beowulf by the poet, that he was "eager for fame" (lofgeornost), has often led critics to assume that Beowulf’s greatest sin (in the eyes of the poet) was his pride, perhaps even, his too-great faith in himself at the expense of a faith in a Christian God or a hereafter, but I want to suggest that Beowulf was always focused on the "hereafter" of the always-present world, and his desire to be "marked" in that present world is also a kind of erotic longing for an embrace with that place–more specifically, with what is vital and alive in it.
I would also like to consider here a juxtaposition of images of embraces with the dead that detail that embrace’s erotic nature, and also raise some disturbing questions about how we in the present can most properly remember the past and mark the dead, especially with relation to traumatic history. Stanley Spencer, one of the three most important English figurative painters of the twentieth century, along with Francis Bacon and Lucian Freud, spent a good deal of his life working on massive visionary canvasses that fused the everyday life of the English village he lived in, Cookham, with the spiritual and the erotic, and he believed that "true modernity necessitated reclamation of the past." One of the recurring themes of his work was resurrection-the first of these, painted from 1924-27, was "The Resurrection: Cookham." Shortly after this, in 1932, he painted one of his most important works, "The Resurrection of the Soldiers," which was part of a monumental cycle of paintings commemorating World War I that was installed at Sandham Memorial Chapel in Burghclere.
The painting shows the soldiers climbing out of their graves bearing white crosses and reuniting with their dead comrades in all manner of embrace. The men are touching everything and also clasping each other–some men (in the background of the painting) are lying close to the mules, one man kneels at Christ’s side, his head in his lap, one man caresses a turtle, while another clasps a dove to his chest. Of the painting, Spencer, who was a soldier in the war, wrote, "During the war, I felt the only way to end the ghastly experience would be if everyone suddenly decided to indulge in every degree or form of sexual love, carnal love, bestiality, anything you like to call it. These are the joyful inheritances of mankind." On a more personal level, Spencer’s painting, "Welcoming Hilda," painted in 1953 after his first and estranged wife’s death from cancer, represented his reunion with her after death, as husband, father, and lover.
Spencer had betrayed Hilda on more than one occasion, and not long after divorcing her in order to marry the painter Patricia Preece–a union that proved to be disastrous–he regretted his decision and spent years urging Hilda for a reconciliation. Only when she was diagnosed with terminal breast cancer did she allow him back, in order to have him with her as she was dying. In the painting, everyone has been returned to a time before the initial break with Hilda–Spencer himself is a young man, and his two daughters, who were in their twenties when Hilda died, are children again. The tone is one of tentative, yet physical joyfulness in which all arms caress and embrace Hilda’s body, but tellingly, Hilda looks away as Spencer kisses her.
This image points to one of the more troubling aspects of what we might call the return of the departed, which is also the return of history, and of history’s Others in the present. In Toni Morrison’s novel "Beloved," the return to 124 Bluestone Road of the daughter, Beloved, who was murdered by her own mother, Sethe, in order to ensure that she would never grow up as a slave, is at first a somewhat joyous occasion for Sethe, who sees a chance to undo her earlier crime and reclaim her lost child, but Beloved’s entrance into the house as a physical presence (literally, from the stream behind the house) is at first preceded by a terrible haunting of that house, in which the ghosts of the past rattle the living out of their wits. One by one, from the time of the initial haunting through the arrival and then tenancy of "the fully dressed woman [who] walked out of the water," all the members of the household, including Sethe’s sons (Howard and Bulgar), her lover, Paul D., and other daughter, Denver, are forced out of the house until it is just Sethe and Beloved, who continually insists to all the other members of the household who try to help and love her, "She [Sethe] is the one. She is the one I need. . . . she is the one I have to have." And, as Morrison’s narrator puts it, Sethe was "licked, tasted, eaten by Beloved’s eyes."
Beloved’s "wanting" of Sethe leads to a type of harrowing possession–both physical and psychic–where Sethe, finally alone in the house with Beloved, and cut off from the rest of her social community, becomes locked in what Freud would have called the repetitive, compulsive "acting out" of the past, in which "the past is performatively regenerated or relived as if it were fully present rather than represented in memory" (LaCapra). Beloved, waxing into grotesque proportions in her somewhat obscene pregnancy–for how can the dead give birth? [but this, of course, is also a metaphor: the present, or future, cannot be "born" out of the traumatic past without horror]–grows increasingly angry, accusing Sethe of having left her behind where "the dead men lay on top of her," but when Sethe begs her forgiveness, Beloved won’t give it, and when Sethe herself becomes angry, Beloved turns violent, breaking plates and windowpanes, thereby keeping in motion the melancholic-manic cycle which, apparently, cannot be broken. But what does Beloved want? At one point in the novel, Beloved, wishing to be pregnant, seduces Paul D. by telling him she wants to be touched "on the inside part" and for someone to call out her name. Paul D. resists at first, but when he does finally give in, he loses himself in the calling of that name, just as Sethe eventually loses her mind. In the end, all that is left of Beloved–and the same could be said of Beowulf–is her name, which both marks and fills her absence.
[well, this is all still "in a muddle"--any comments will help me revise!]
Cheers, Eileen
J J Cohen said...
You've written powerfully about the desire of the dead for continuance, for futurity, but the examples you give are of the dead who desire to stop time. Beowulf wants through his architecural transformation of the landscape hronesnes to be henceforth known as Beowulfes burh, but no one ever calls it that; even the text refers to the place as hronesnes as the dead hero is memorialized there. Would Beowulf's mound, the repository of the dragon's treasure, be all that different from the dragon's mound, the dwelling of a doppelganger who likewise intended to rest there forever, and a structure built by a vanished race even older than the dragon? Isn't a similar demand being issued by Beloved, that the past-as-present be extended rather than transformed or opened up to some future? Isn't that the problem with the undead (aptrgangr) in Icelandic sagas, that the animated corpse will not release the present from the past's grip, that he demands a future as selfsame as those frozen temporality he inhabits in his own burial mound or dying place?
I understand very well that "what do the dead want from us?" is an ethical question, the answer to which can be "justice." Justice is as addressed to the future as it is to the past; justice is temporally catalytic. But it might also be that sometimes the demands of the dead if heeded will not admit of any future -- they foreclose it rather than allow anyone "to be written,' as it were, into the future" because "the present that follows after them" is like the empty airport of "The Langoliers," a suffocating projection of the eternal same.
Eileen Joy said...
JJC wrote that, even if we do "medieval studies" work that locates "the present in the past" [or, I might say, "the past in the present"], the more important work might be to ask, "what next? what are the implications for thinking beyond the present, or thinking the present in more temporally complex terms?" In order to begin contemplating possible answers to this question, we likely need to think of some concrete examples whereby we can locate the present in the past [as in the work of Bynum, say, the way in which we can see how certain questions of self/identity perdure over time, from medieval werewolf stories to "Buffy the Vampire Slayer," or from medieval practices of religious fasting to contemporary anorexia, etc.] or the past in the present [i.e. Kathleen Biddick's "The Shock of Medievalism" or many of the chapters in Cohen et al.'s "The Postcolonial Middle Ages" or in Kruger and Burger's "Queering the Middle Ages/Historicizing Postmodernity"]. Likewise, if we want to further pursue JJC's questions as to "how futurity might reside within or alongside" artifacts of the past, and whether or not the answer to the question, "why does the past matter in this particular instant of time," *necessarily* "link[s] to the question of the open or closed future," we will also have to have some concrete examples [which E.B., I might often add, is often very good at providing for his own arguments]. In his Afterword to our book, recently re-titled for the umpteenth freaking time, "Cultural Studies of the Modern Middle Ages" [formerly known as "Medieval, Reality, Television"], Prof. Cohen wrote eloquently about a pig as a "temporal container" and connected that idea with both medieval religious practice and the current "crisis" in France over Muslim immigrant communities. Many of the readers of this blog may remember that JJC shared a good portion of that essay here, so I won't go over it again, except to say that it was a good example of using a concrete material object--the pig--as well as of connecting the medieval past to the present relative to a highly politically-charged question regarding the future [what is France going to do, or what *should* France do, regarding its so-called "crisis" with its Muslim immigrant communities?]. Does that make sense?
Also, before we try, again, to "think through" these questions JJC has posed, we also have to go back to what might be called the oldest question posed by historians--why does history matter at all?--and remind ourselves of all the reasons why the conventional answers have proven to be either untenable, untrue most of the time, or too difficult to prove [and note, too, that most of these answers have often been future-oriented]. Traditionally, the answers have been:
a. we study history so we won't make the same mistakes [but we *do* make the same mistakes, BUT, they're never really "the same," because no two times are ever exactly alike]
b. we study history because if we can see where we have been, we are better able to predict where we are going [I call this the evolutionary model, but time, as it turns out, does not just have one direction, no matter what some physicists or neo-Hegelians argue, although, in politics, it *can* be very useful to be able to survey the terrain already traveled--think of feminism in the U.S., for example].
c. we study history, and record it names & events, because we have an obligation to "remember," or to "honor the dead" [this is "sacred history," which is, at bottom, a religious enterprise, even, a religious imperative--but what if there is no divine authority figure--what then?--why should the dead matter so much?--is a non-foundational sacred history possible?--that question actually informs much of my own work with the medieval past]
d. we study history because, well, it's just plain interesting [the history "amusement park" model, a la Bede's World, PBS reality programs like "Manor House," etc.]
e. we study history because it helps us understand "who we are" [as if we could have only turned out "one way"--here, E.B.'s question about the "absent past" is helpful for problematizing this axiom]
And so on and so forth.
Eileen Joy said...
In response to JJC's recent post that, "it might also be that sometimes the demands of the dead if heeded will not admit of any future -- they foreclose it rather than allow anyone "to be written,' as it were, into the future" because "the present that follows after them" is like the empty airport of "The Langoliers," a suffocating projection of the eternal same,"--NO kidding. That was exactly the point I was trying to make, if somewhat awkwardly, through Spencer's painting "Welcoming Hilda" and Morrison's "Beloved," where the desires of those locked in the places where the "dead men" lie on top of them, can be suffocating and strangulating upon the present. There is a danger in wanting to, let's say, "resurrect the dead" [Morrison's novel seems to say, if you resurrect your dead child so you can "undo" your original crime against her, she will not thank you for it--instead, she will destroy you by eating you alive, because it isn't "honor" she wants, it's *life/living*]. So, yeah, I agree, too, that Beowulf wants a kind of historical stasis--a material place in the landscape, in this instance--that will always mark/bear the memory of him as a person, but also as a kind of mythic figure; but I would also argue that there is also the desire, however fragile and ultimately kind of hopeless, to want to be--somehow and some way--always among the living, in their midst, vibrant and alive and never dead.
Eileen Joy said...
Let me qualify a bit my last statement, with some repetition:
I would also argue that there is also the desire, [in Beowulf's wanting to be remembered] however fragile and ultimately kind of hopeless, to want to be--somehow and some way--always among the living, in their midst, vibrant and alive and never dead, *not* in order to arrest the flow of time or to keep it locked in place or foreclosed, but to always be in the *flow* of time as it moves, ceaselessly, through places and bodies [which are also places, and for us humans, the most important location of our fragile, tenuous selves], in order to always feel that voluptuousness of being-becoming [as opposed to nonbeing].
Eileen Joy said...
And one last thing [haha]--
but it goes without saying, doesn't it, that avoiding the eventual "nonbeing of everything" is not an option, right [in other words, not only my own life, but the life of the universe, too, has a terminus--unless science changes that, somehow]? How might this change our *need* of the past viz. the present & future?
J J Cohen said...
Eileen, I definitely get your point about "Welcoming Hilda" and Beloved -- good stuff, here, too about mourning, art, and the future. But I guess I'm wondering how beowulf is NOT like an aptrgangr or Beloved, if his desires are to be realized (he seems so out of time to me, and by that I mean a remnant of a past that doesn't know it is out of synch). Can you say some more about these eloquent lines: desire, [in Beowulf's wanting to be remembered] however fragile and ultimately kind of hopeless, to want to be--somehow and some way--always among the living, in their midst, vibrant and alive and never dead, *not* in order to arrest the flow of time or to keep it locked in place or foreclosed, but to always be in the *flow* of time as it moves, ceaselessly, through places and bodies?
Eileen Joy said...
To me, Beowulf is "out of time," as JJC says, not because he is a remnant of the past, but because, in his own world [i.e. 4th-5th-century "Migration Era" Europe or 10th-century Anglo-Saxon England], he is actually, I think, "from the future." Roberta Frank once described Beowulf as a "novus homo" in history; I referred to him in my dissertation as "a man in the middle" of history--he comes from the future [a place that is forward-looking--he's a kind of unusual-for-the-times diplomat as regards Danish-Geatish relations] but gets "stuck" in a present he can't escape [i.e., for all of his forward-looking leadership, he can't escape the dragon, who often "sleeps" but never "dies" and is the outsized embodiment of a certain human greed/rage]. As to saying more about my typification of Beowulf's "desire" to be remembered, and *how*, let me think about that a bit more. Where I am at present, the sun does not set until about 9:30, and it's time for a glass of white wine of the deck overlooking the Smoky mountains and my current copy of "Vogue" [thanks to Betsy M. who I know reads this blog!].
Eileen Joy said...
And I have to be careful, too, of how I typify what might be called Beowulf's desires, since I can only "psychologize" him as far as the text will allow. But I *do* believe that many of Beowulf's actions and speeches within the poem reveal a mind that is restless in its desire to, as I also put it in my diss., "always be *coming* rather than *going*." But then, I'd have to parse that out a bit more, wouldn't I?
Wouldn't it be great to have someone you could dictate your blog posts to as you continued to drink wine and gazed at the mountains?
J J Cohen said...
I'll look forward to hearing more about your Beowulf from the future in the future, Eileen, since he is so very different (I suppose) from the Beowulf who has lived with me for so long. But at your leisure: the blog has a future that I hope stretches to the crack o doom. And it would be a great guest post, so that it wouldn't have to dwell an exile in the comments.
Enjoy your wine. As to the Cohens, we have gorged on summer ice cream and now must prepare baths to immerse the filthy progeny.
Anonymous said...
History Matters: Pass it On!
Launched today in the UK by a variety of academics, NGOs and GOs.
Read about it in the press.
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Related posts:
2. Day Software: another strategic acquisition for Adobe
3. Serena flip-flops: goes Google, then back to Microsoft
4. Visual Programming is back: PopFly, Pipes, Scratch
4 comments on this post.
1. Nicola:
I’d say Microsoft’s first ever acquisition – a company by the name of Forethought in June 1987 – was its lucky start. This was mainly due to Forethought’s newly-developed presentation program at the time of acquisition going on to become Microsoft PowerPoint, which was widely used in all homes, offices, schools and businesses from then until today, so well worth the $14 million Microsoft paid for it…
2. Craig:
While not an acquisition as such, Microsoft invested in both Apple and Facebook. Apple is particularly good, Facebook wait and see.
3. Tom:
In five years, we’ll be seeing similar headlines about Skype. It’s sort of like a cross between aQuantive and Groove combined. It’s like aQuantive in that there’s just no way that the financials can ever work out. The more successful Skype is at transforming telephony, the less money it makes as it becomes unable to sell minutes. It’s like Groove in that the codebase is liable to fall apart (though for different reasons). Skype is written in Delphi (!), using a lot of code obfuscation techniques (!), as befitting the Estonian hackers who came fresh off Kazaa, the P2P file sharing network (!).
Business school professors have demonstrated that 2/3 of acquisitions *destroy* value rather than create value. In Microsoft’s case, it just so happens that its most expensive acquisitions fall into this 2/3.
4. Chui:
+1 Mark Russinovich – I don’t know how much he contributed to MinWin, but it is the basis of Windows running on Windows Phone 8.
Leave a comment
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Direct and indirect effects of juvenile Buenoa macrotibialis (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) on the zooplankton of a shallow pond
Hampton, Stephanie E., John J. Gilbert, Carolyn W. Burns
Limnol. Oceanogr., 45(4), 2000, 1006-1012 | DOI: 10.4319/lo.2000.45.4.1006
ABSTRACT: We investigated the effects of juvenile Buenoa macrotibialis on the small bodied (<500 mm) zooplankton assemblage with which it naturally occurs. By monitoring 37- 46-liter enclosures with and without Buenoa over 9-12 d, we found that second and fourth instar Buenoa caused large declines in the copepod Tropocyclops extensus and the rotifer Hexarthra mira. Additionally, populations of several small rotifers increased in the presence of fourth instar Buenoa, probably because of release from Tropocyclops predation, competition, or both.
Article Links
Please Note
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Reply to this comment
marat1793 writes:
>>According to Calvin, being a monk or nun gets you no closer to heaven; God could and should be glorified and honored in all work and family activities. Calvin’s teaching led to what was called the Protestant work ethic.<<
Historically, that's true, though a little old now (the idea developed in the 1920s). It certainly is true that Calvin's doctrine of predestination indicated that those who soldier willingly and happily in the fields (or wherever), while not certain of their salvation, may take their attitude and economic success as a sign of their salvation. So it wasn't entirely the glorification of god. It was also showing your neighbours that you were among the Elect.
>>If you have health and strength to work and are employed, you should thank God.<<
If you don't mind, I'll thank my employer and my own preparation for employment for my job and my health coverage.
Share your thoughts
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Monday, November 03, 2008
Nate, don't fail me now
On Election Eve, Silver at has it up to 98.1 percent.
This will make it easier to sleep tonight.
I'm planning to vote by 6:30 a.m., but just the once.
EARLY AFTERNOON ELECTION DAY UPDATE: If Silver's estimates are treated as reliable (and they assume lack of overall systematic bias in the polling data), Obama gets 264 electoral votes from states that the model treats him as having a 100 percent chance of winning. (Pennsylvania, with 21 electoral votes, is among those states.) He would go over 270 if he got Colorado's 9 EVs (98%), Virginia's 13 (97%), Ohio's 20 (88%), or Florida's 27 (73%). Nevada's 5 (95%) would get him to 269, presumably good enough for the win given (a) Democratic control in Congress plus (b) the persuasive significance of his popular vote edge, assuming it holds.
Obviously, these various probabilities, even if we take them at face value, are unlikely to be entirely uncorrelated.
While some might take comfort from these numbers, they also provide a panic guide if Virginia doesn't fall briskly into place in the hour after 7 pm (as this might undermine confidence in the entire projection).
No comments:
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Loading 1 Vote - +
Amazon Releases Kindle Source Code →www.amazon.com/gp
Amazon has opened up the source code to their popular Kindle platforms to the general public.
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Though I haven’t downloaded on it.but it really be a good news
What is OmniNerd?
Voting Booth
Dzhokar Tsarnaev deserves due process?
32 votes, 4 comments
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Thursday, 25 November 2010
A new model of poltical debate...
It is time to bring technology to the process of governance and harness the power of the crowd. Here's my idea about how we can do that...
In the houses of parliament, we need politicians to be working on national issues. MP's should still be voted on by constituencies but as representatives working on national issues (they can of course still represent their locale, when called upon by councils if necessary).
Each day Mon-Fri, There should be a two-three hour debate on each of the main areas of interest: Economy and Business (inc. Employment), Energy and Environment, Home Affairs (transport, health, housing), Foreign Affairs and Science, Technology and Education (just off the top of my head). In front of each seat is an ipad-like device, with software that facilitates the debate.
Each member can prepare for the debate in advance, uploading evidence and questions and even debating the questions in forums. Come the debate, evidence and questions can be dropped into a queue during the government reports to argue or counter the claims made. This queue is voted upon by MP's and those questions that get the most votes rise to the top to be asked. If it is particularly pertinent to that precise moment of time, then an urgent flag can be attached and the speed with which the votes are placed contributing to the speed with which the question or evidence is put forward.
With practice, and with a slower oratory, I believe technology is finally at a stage where this can happen in close to real-time (it would take no longer than having to wait for the "rah rah rah' to die down). Not only that, it can also open the process even further.
Imagine that you then have a pool of people picked for their outstanding knowledge. Have their peers vote on candidates in journals in various expert disciplines, have NGO's and activist groups vote on experts of Human Rights etc.. Nurses, doctors, architects, lawyers, anyone with expertise and not simply academics. This pool of people is then split into the five areas of interest for the debates, plus a pool of people that represent the universals. By this I mean those factors that must be thought about in any given debate.. the environment, human rights, philosophers, historians etc. This sixth group is included in every debate, alongside the segment that are experts for that particular debate. MP's have no authority over members of these independent groups.
There could be space, say 20 virtual seats, that are open to public vote over two-yearly terms, subject to acceptance from the person. Again, I don't care who is voted for.. they will have duties to attend and the possibility of recall if not participating. A level of commitment is required and, bottom line, they are going to be as human as you or I. As the only common denominator we all share, that has to be a valid viewpoint. It would also allow campaigners to argue the case for any academic that may have fallen foul of their peer-group for whatever reasons (and there are good as well as bad...). The worst case scenario, some kook gets in denying something, would see that person up against the hundred most eminent thinkers in that field and his lack of any sort of support would automatically stop progress of his or her agenda. He would have to argue his case and if they are a kook, they'll lose. It will be a totally public airing of their inadequacies as shown by the multimedia smack down they took. If you feel that's time-wasting, be assured it wouldn't impinge on the debate itself, but in the experts only section.
These two groups (universals and each set of experts) would total a few hundred, maybe a few thousand people strong. Exclusive software areas enable them to debate the following weeks debate in advance, do research, think of questions etc, which get voted upon by the group as a whole with the top 6-8 automatically guaranteed to be asked. They then watch the debate live with the software shunting urgent or highly voted real-time questions into the parliamentary software for MP's to judge and vote upon also. If a question or piece of evidence gains, say, 60% of the vote in the experts section, it would automatically bypass the MP's section and be put forward regardless.
It would also be conceivable to have a national, open version with the top question voted prior to the debate, and the most voted upon question during the debate, being addressed at the end. I don't care if it the most trivial or comical or irrelevant question you could imagine. It could become a national sport to have asked of the prime minister a 'would you rather, or...' question and be good practice at campaigning for anyone willing to put the effort in just for a laugh. We need to connect to our leaders in a deeper, more human sense as well as connecting to cut out the bullshit.
Everything should be viewable to the public. Not only would we have hundreds of committed experts both contributing and holding our leaders to account, but the legitimacy would be so much greater. We would be able to see for ourselves and contribute, the public funneling useful ideas and important evidence to experts, who are able to then pass it on up.
At the moment, we are but numbers in a faceless bureaucracy.. we need to use this technology we have now to create a structure connecting us all, one that we can see working and see when and why it doesn't. MP's profiles would have to include all previous voting patterns with explanations attached, details of all contributions and interests.
Same too with the experts. We need complete transparency, including all data. There are computer wizards out there who are voluntarily inclined to sift through data, mashing it up and creating illuminating displays. Let's use them! They would be a great tool for the experts to present their questions and arguments in as concise a way as possible to facilitate practical real-time debate.. Twitter is a good training tool. It could become an art-form in itself, stream-lined understanding.
To some, this may sound a backward step. "Complicated things take time to discuss, you cannot present arguments in 140 characters!". However, when as is the case in politics today, all that we the public hear is 90% corporatese bullshit spun from a yarn of obscurities anyway it might simply help trim the PR from the evidence. It would be judged upon its merits, and with multimedia technology as it is, the possibilities for mashing evidence together in beautifully clear ways, labeled and linked from to indicate the providence of the evidence, together with a short paragraph outlining the implications, those merits could be substantial and contribute significantly to debate.
This kind of mass conversation in governance hasn't been possible before now. But we would face such a fight to instigate it. MP's have far more to lose than to gain in implementing this kind of reform. The idea of opening themselves up to that level of expertise with the ability to upload implicating or contradictory evidence before everyone's blink of an eye would terrify them! Yet this is surely the direction that democracy must take at some point in the non-too-distant future; it would be folly to fight it.
Anonymous said...
You're a mong.
Ben King said...
ha! Brilliant! My favourite comment thus far.
And to think you don't give your name, denying us the chance to put a face to that rapier wit.
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A collar slides along a smooth rod
The 35-lb collar slides along the smooth rod. If the collar is released from rest at A, determine its speed when it passes point B. The spring has an unstretched length of 3 ft.
Answers (0)
There are no answers to this question yet.
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- WebmasterWorld
-- Webmaster General
---- comScore Stats: The Web Is Contracting
vivalasvegas - 1:38 pm on Jul 4, 2011 (gmt 0)
I'm not sure how many teenagers browse my websites, but I suspect they don't make me much money. Although I can not point to one right now, I know there are studies showing that most web traffic comes from offices during working hours. Looking at my stats - the peak hours are between 10 am and 12pm. Wouldn't many of today's teenagers work in an office 10 years from now? And wouldn't they be in front of a desktop computer while at the office? Or maybe laptop or pad, but it would have to be a big screen computer for them to be able to get some work done.
My point is I don't see why teen computer habits are at all relevant here.
Thread source::
Brought to you by WebmasterWorld:
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Saturday, May 24, 2008
Things that crack me up about Press-Ganey
Many other nurses and docs have blogged about Press-Ganey and the appropriateness of the measuring sticks the organization has chosen to evaluate "good" care in the hospital. Sane people want accountability in health care, and JCAHO does not provide that sanity. Patient satisfaction surveys were inevitable. However, choosing useful measuring sticks for 'good' can be problematic.
What is a 'good' hospitalization from the patient's perspective? A patient with a total knee replacement has a wildly different view of 'good' hospitalization than the patient with an acute psychotic break.
You will not find a serious discussion on this in my post today.
Instead, the following chosen criteria cracked me up. Hospitals are evaluated on the following:
* Percentage of patients who thought their nurses "Always" communicated well.
* Percentage of patients who thought their doctors "Always" communicated well.
There is a world outside of Oz. In this world, my patients look like this:
Sidenote: We had a guy two weeks ago who threw a snowball of poo 15 feet outside of his room. What was most impressive about that is that his hands were tied down at the time.
* Percentage of patients who "Always" received help as soon as they wanted.
Nurses love this measuring stick. I understand the need to ask a question like this on a patient satisfaction survey. However, the gap is that the question does not account for the fact that the patient is not the best evaluator of the professional RN or MD's priorities. Jane and John Doe are so ignorant of the workings of the health care system and the professionals within that system that they simply don't know how much they don't know. They do not understand how insignificant their desperate need to pee becomes in comparison to the often more critical needs of other patients. Most patients will desist on the call light if they hear the loud noises and see flashing defibrillator paddles, because that's what tv tells them saves lives.
But most will still answer the surveyor's question with 'No, I didn't actually get to pee the second my bladder twitched cos there weren't enough nurses to help me get up to pee and while the other nurses were tryin to get a pulse on that other guy.'
Some great rant examples...please see: Madness of an ER nurse, ERNursey, ERMurse, my friends in the UK at Mental Nurse, a new blogger I found at ER-Life.
Personally, I don't know what the big fuss is about. I always put mints on my pillow, bring fries with that and ask grieving families whom I have counseled through the death of a loved one if they'd fill out a satisfaction survey to let my boss know that they liked me.
* Percentage of patients who thought their pain was "Always" well controlled.
I love that one. Open-heart surgery won't hurt a bit, sir. We will keep you totally pain-free all of the time. All this making you not dead won't hurt a bit.
And as a NOC-shifter, I love this one, too:
* Percentage of patients who reported that their room was "Always" quiet at night.
I had a guy once who was pissy about all the "damned noise happening down the hall." I admit I was fried, having just come down the hall from the ugly code that was happening. It wasn't my best night. So instead of being all soothe-y and pillow-fluffy and sympathetic, I was human. I snapped at him: "I'm sorry, did that woman dying DISTURB your beauty sleep?"
I'm sure he complained about me on his patient satisfaction survey.
What's stunning about this website isn't that such a tool should exist to evaluate hospitals. After all, baby boomers want to know the cushiest hospital in which to receive their joint replacements because their bottoms have gotten too large for their knees to support any longer. I'm really okay with that, with economic natural selection.
It's the choice of some of the measuring sticks that Press Ganey utilizes.
It's the lack of context in which real illness actually happens. We in health care know that it's nothing like on tv. The public really doesn't.
It's the clash of capitalist economics and socialist economics: we want competition to weed out the better provider of service, but we also need to take care of the elderly, the drug- and alcohol-addicted (and their children), the sick who belong to a low-income tax bracket, the middle income bracket who can't afford the copays until it's too late.
Press Ganey's survey is not a bad idea. It chose some strange rulers. Today, I'm only ranting.
The real issue is that I'm wondering what some better rulers would be.
Anonymous said...
You're talking about the CMS-sponsored HCAHPS survey here, not about patient satisfaction surveys. This data is publicly reported on
RehabNurse said...
Oh, I work for the feds and no one cares about patient satisfaction at all...even though we're constantly threatened by exposes by Nightline, Dateline NBC, and everyone else. You say Press-Ganey and the kids say, "Huh?"
If we used a little common sense and did our best instead of worrying how much time we'd have sitting down in the break room or in the nurses' station, it wouldn't be so bad. (I ain't killin' myself most days like I was in my private hospital job...and they had Press-Ganeys)
Pissed off patients in the VA system call Congressmen. This starts the domino theory and things go downhill from there.
Press-Ganey crap was so much simpler than government mumbo-jumbo, believe it or not!
RehabNurse said...
Anonymous said...
I love it..I'm sorry, did that woman dying disturb your peace?
on the tele unit, where rooms are still semi-private, i had a less than pleasant patient who was s/p bilateral above knee amputations refuse to have her curtain closed. she exercised this right mid-code on her roommate. when i pulled her curtain the whole way shut, she began screaming "it's my right to refuse that curtain being shut! you can't do this to me!"
I shouted back "This patient deserves privacy right now and you're gonna knock it off! If you want the curtain open you get up and open it yourself. Until then, be quiet and have some respect for the dying."
She didn't have much to say after that. I realize it was less than tactful of me...but I'm sure she reflected that on her press ganey survery :)
Anonymous said...
I'm 50 years old and I don't want to ask your permission to go pee. I don't want to have to ask or beg you to come in once in an 8 or 12 hour shift and empty the damn hat so I can go pee. It's your job, do it. If I get up and dump the hat that you never got around to emptying, don't be mad at me.
hamlette2002 said...
This is what I sent to my congressman, the President, the Vice-President, and Medicare:
Dear Sir,
I am very concerned with what is happening to our hospitals. As a healthcare worker, I am increasingly finding that the standard of basing reimbursement from Medicare on a survey that patients are completely unaware of the consequences of not giving the highest score on is, to say the least, disheartening. We do our best to ensure that every patient leaves the hospital in better condition than when they arrived. Yet we are all constantly under the microscope, so to speak, about how we can 1) ensure that each and every department makes itself memorable and 2) the patient is absolutely happy with every little detail of his/her stay.
We are not running hotels. Room service is simply not an option for all patients. There are medical reasons why a patient may not be permitted to eat or drink or have a nice warm blanket. A person who comes to the hospital and is admitted is sick or injured. Chances are that they are not going to enjoy the necessary procedures to restore them to health and wellness.
Instead of an opinion poll, we need a survey that addresses facts. Please, feel free to ask if the patients' meals were nutritious and edible. If a patient requires a machine-soft diet due to their medical condition, chances are that if you ask how much he liked the food, his opinion is not going to be very high. I encourage you to ask if the patients' blood draws were successful. If you ask how courteous the person who took his blood was, he's not going to actually answer that question - he's going to give his opinion of how he feels about needles and how much it hurt. I beseech you to ask the patient if his health or wellness improved from the time of his admission to the time of his discharge. Asking the patient how friendly everyone who encountered him does not answer the question of how efficient his care was.
These surveys, their weight, and the pressure they are putting on our already strained healthcare force, are damaging morale. We are starting to focus so much on how happy the patients are that we're placing their health second. Please help us bring health back into health care, and change or eliminate these patient satisfaction surveys.
Anonymous said...
As a Press Ganey employee, I feel the need to chime in here. Satisfaction is rarely about your medical prognosis. It is how these people were treated. I am looking to my doctor and nursing staff for their expertise. When I walked through the door, my expectation was a team of knowledgeable, professional, and dedicate individuals. What grade do I give for this? A "C"! Think about going into a McDonald's. When you get to the counter you expect the person behind it to be able to take your order, process your payment, and give you your food in a prompt manner. Are you wowed by this? I doubt it. Does the fact that the garbage can behind you is overflowing or employees are acting like children detract from your experience? I would certainly say "yes". As a care provider, remember, these people are all having what could be considered the worst day of their life. Remember that when you interact with them and their families. The way you deliver your opinion matters. Next time you speak with a patient, even if it is only for a few moments, sit on the end of their bed, make eye contact and connect with them. It makes a difference. Remember the old addage, "it's not what you say, but how you say it". It's not about room service. That is the true basics here.
Now to hit on a real area of concern, your survey sample population. In terms of evil, greedy corporation, Press Ganey is the poster child. For facilities that use them, they are being soaked. PG is committed to a 40%+ gross margin on all products. In fact, to maintain this, your facility's costs for their products increase by at least 4% every year. When was the last time CMS allowed you to increase your reimbursement? Their new capital partner, invested over $600MM in the company and is expecting significant returns. In fact, they are mandating that this company grow from $150MM to $500MM within 5 years. They cannot do this by looking out for the interests of healthcare. The average facility really cannot afford to be able to survey a large enough sample of it's ED population to truly have meaningful data that is insulated from outliers (high and low). The greater the number of visits, the harder this becomes.
Here is the truth, these measures matter and the way we interact with patients matters. Want to effect wait times, try a liaison to update people on what is going on. Even if there is nothing to report to a patient, it has an effect that they are cared for and about. Give it a shot! As far as measurement tool, it DOES NOt matter. Data is commodity. Your facility will never use 80% of what their tool does so why pay for it? Save money, find a cheaper provider, raise your sample sizes, and invest in improvement efforts & initiatives. Satisfaction and interaction matters. You do not need a gold-plated ruler to do it effectively. The old wooden one will do just fine. In the end, you can cut costs and raise service levels. They only way this company will change and do the right thing is if you as customers make them do so. Vote with you wallet. Do that and you win. Press Ganey can only continue to hold hostage and pillage if you let them! Best of luck.
Anonymous said...
I have heard about the amount of amount of money PG makes off hospitals for these simplified surveys and "consultative services". They make their money off of hospital executives wanting to brag about their scores. On the back-end they get enormous discounts from the postal service and paper suppliers. This really is capitalism at its best and healthcare at its worst. My advice - write your own surveys and use the money on real improvements, like cleaner facilities, more staff or better service. This is a no-brainer to me - and my friend who quit there.
Lauren said...
I am a recent ER patient and I currently have a survey that I can not possibly wait to submit!
I love how you have examples of ignorant patients who complain about trivial issues while the nurses and doctors are busy trying to save a seriously injured patient who is dying.
I had a positive pregnancy test even though I had my tubes tied 5 yrs ago. After several blood tests of low hcg levels; my doctor gave me a Methotrexate injection to attempt to abort an ectopic pregnancy. We then scheduled a time for an outpatient surgery to remove my tubes completely. In the mean time, I was to report to the ER if I had any severe pains.
I presented at the ER with a rapid heart rate, severe abdominal pain located in a specific area on the right side, tremors, dizziness and severe shoulder pain. I explained to the triage nurse about my current OBGYN situation, the Methotrexate given 4 days prior, upcoming outpatient surgery scheduled. They rushed me to a room and gave me a cup for a urine sample. Then I waited and waited and waited.
FINALLY, a doctor came in, keeping his distance as if I had some sort of deadly virus; asked me to recap my story, then told me my urine sample was negative for pregnancy. He said it was a highly sensitive test and I was definitely no longer pregnant. He asked if it burned to urinate... nope.
Lauren said...
Then he said my abdomen did not look swollen; couldn't be my appendix. He said gas could cause severe pain, but once you pass it, you'll feel better. I asked if it could be a side effect from the Methotrexate. He said he wasn't really familiar with it, but possibly. He said wasn't sure what the cause was but he'd get me discharged with pain meds and come back if I develop a fever.
He walked out, stood five feet from my door and complained to one of the nurses to page the other doctor, because he'd been seeing 4 patients per hour and that was just too many!
Hour passed; a nurse came, asked me if the doctor had come in, asked ME - what did he say - and asked me to explain what the issue was. After explaining this a 3rd time, she said... ah, now I understand. Then she left to go find the doctor because she thought they should do a blood test.
After 1/2 hr I could hear a male voice complaining about his car and a female voice asking him about the 1 he talked about buying. He started on and on about it being out of state, his wife asking why wouldn't he just keep the 1 he had. He went on for at least 15 minutes; why he didn't like the car he had, what he wanted in a new vehicle, important points were vs items he was flexible about, color he liked best, colors he hated and why, and why his wife shouldn't have any say in him buying a new car. This lead to how his wife doesn't work and how he pays all the bills, etc. The female voice chimed in here and there.
Naturally, I had to pee after waiting for 3 hrs, and I knew the bathroom was down the hall.
As soon as I got out from behind the curtain, I was SHOCKED to be staring at MY STUNNED doctor and MY nurse (who went looking for him) and I asked to use the bathroom. They said, sure it's down the hall.... oh... by the way, we're printing up your discharge papers right now!
When I came back, I was handed (by a different nurse) a form to sign and a generic print out regarding possible (harmless) reasons for abdominal pain and follow up with my doctor.
I went right home and called my OBGYN, told this entire story to the nurse, who had the doctor call me immediately asking for every detail and was furious that they turned away a person with a possible ectopic pregnancy, recently given a powerful toxic drug without any type of examination or blood work. He sent me for another hcg blood test.
At my surgery a few days later, my doctor said my hcg test showed levels had gone from 96 to 115. He said he called the ER and spoke to the supervisor (who defended his employee). My OBGYN told him to check the expiration date on his urine pregnancy tests. I had a positive result on a store-brand test purchased the day before a blood hcg test showed my level was 71 and the ER claimed their "ultra-sensitive" test was negative when the next day my blood test showed my hcg level at 115!
Then during my outpatient surgery, my OBGYN located the fetus in my RIGHT tube (EXACTLY where I had been complaining that I had pain) and it was still "alive" and trying to grow. He removed it.
I had a serious medical condition which could have resulted in a ruptured tube and hemorrhaging if I had not been lucky enough to schedule a planned surgery for tubal removal in which we stumbled upon the reason for the severe pain and the ER had just turned me away.
I would not choose my hospital based upon survey responses from patients I don't know and without knowing the circumstances around "what they considered a bad experience." AND - This experience did not keep me from going back to this hospital for my outpatient surgery.
I do like the fact that I get to express my frustration with the DOCTOR AND NURSE in the ER and hope that they actually use this feedback to prevent someone else from ending up back at the ER with more serious complications, or even dead!
kaney said...
What is a Blood Clot? We all experience blood clots from time to time, when we are bleeding; our body creates blood clots to stop the bleeding. However, when a blood clot prevents the natural flow of blood, blocks a vein, or blocks an artery, it becomes harmful and extremely hazardous to our health. Generally, our bodies naturally create the blood clots when a blood vessel has been damaged, then after a few days the vessel will heal and the blood clot will dissolve.
Progonol Calm PRT
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Thursday, 21 July 2011
How To Make A Long Distance Relationship Work
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Let me just start by saying: Long distance relationships suck. I don't suggest moving halfway across the world and falling in love when you know full well that your work visa is going to expire in six months. But like so many people, the man I love is not exactly the boy next door. I'm lucky enough to have him here with me now, but here's a few things I learned about how to survive a long distance relationship and making it work when you're miles apart.
One thing my boyfriend and I did that really helped us stay connected was we created a "relationship tumblr" and posted all sorts of things to it. I actually just read through the whole thing and it made me laugh so much. Tumblr lets you post pictures straight from your webcam so it's really easy to give them quick, cute update pictures of what you're up to. We posted songs that reminded us of each other. Ben even posted a video of himself dancing to my favorite Smiths song. It made me smile every time I watched it. It was so nice to come home every day and check what he'd posted on the tumblr for me. One day on Skype he told me to check the tumblr for what he'd posted, so I logged on expecting to see a picture of Pauly D or something, but instead I saw this. It was the best moment ever!
Another way to keep connected and keep them updated is get a twitter account. Usually there is nothing worse than people who constantly tweet about what they're eating or watching on tv, but when you're in a long distance relationship you actually kind of care about that mundane stuff. With social networking nowadays, it's easier than ever to be at each others fingertips. Don't tell other people what your twitter account is, and then you won't feel you have to censor it for the masses. It can be your guys' own personal chit chat tool.
From now on, Skype is your best friend. Oh my god, what would we have done without Skype. It's so wonderful to see their face when they wake up (yes, you have to get up early to say goodnight to them, it's worth it.) or actually see them laugh, instead of just hearing it. It's important to put in the effort to make sure you don't slack on calling each other and that you're online when you said you would be. Remember, your both sex deprived so you're going to be a bit moody. It takes two minutes to install Skype if you're staying at a friends house for the night. Another thing we used to do was watch TV shows online with the show open in one window, and Skype open on the other side so we felt like we were watching together.
Send them packages of things significant to where you are. For example, I really miss English things like Jaffa Cakes and PG Tips tea, so that would have been a perfect thing for Ben to send me. You can write them a nice hand written card that you can even spritz with your perfume. I know it sounds really, really cheesy but scent and memory are very closely linked and it's comforting to smell them when you're feeling down.
Resist other people. You are most likely going to meet people of the opposite sex and when you're lonely and craving love they may seem tempting. Also, as I mentioned before, you're sex deprived and propably pulling your hair out with frustration. It's easy to forget, after a few cocktails and some pick up lines, that you've got someone miles away who you love and that this random guy is not better than him. Trust is so important when you're far away from each other. Be strong, go home and have a wank. You'll be with the one you really want soon enough.
Don't get married to your computer. Go out and live your life! In order to keep your Skype conversations interesting, you have to have interesting things to talk about. Most of the conversations you'll end up having will be about what you did that day, and I doubt your boyfriend wants to hear about the Real Housewives marathon you watched, no matter how much drama there was. Go to concerts, art shows, paint them pictures, make an awesome summer checklist and then do it! Make sure you continue being the vibrant, exciting person they fell in love with.
Don't expect every call to be perfect. You will still argue sometimes and there will be times when you have nothing interesting to say to each other. When that happens, it's better to just end to call and don't dwell on it. Nobody gets along all the time and just because your last phone call was a bit lacking, it doesn't mean they don't love you or they're out there boning some loser. Sometimes you're just not in the mood to chat, even to the person you love most in the world.
Well, there you have it. It's not easy, and I'm not saying I never cried or doubted if we would make it. But we did, and it was worth every minute we spent apart to be together now. I wish you all the best of luck, and commend you for your dedication to your relationship!
1. exactly! rigth now skyping across the ocean..)
2. @chestnutmocha
Aw, I wish you both all the best.
3. yeahh! it's so hard! thanks for the tips!
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Saturday, October 13, 2007
Lose Weight In Six Easy Steps
I have a new use for poker. Basically, it goes like this:
1) Log onto Pokerstars or Bodog
2) Open favorite cash game table
3) Get a bunch of money in the pot with donkey drawing thin
4) Get sucked out
5) Get really pissed off
6) Immediately start working out
Wednesday, October 03, 2007
Last Shorter Bet Anyone?
Poker Tournament
Registration code: 2283459
Friday, August 17, 2007
"I had implied odds"
I'm playing a lot more NLHE ring now and frankly, I don't know why I didn't focus on this game a couple years ago. You can punish the fish faster in this game than any other.
At my last live 1/2 ring game, there were at least 4 super fish that thought that they were good. Check out this play by one of them who I'll call NY:
UTG raises to $10 and NY re-raises to $40 in MP with about $400 behind. Then, a very tight player makes it $80 in LP with $120 behind. All fold and MP calls. The flop is rags and MP check-folds.
NY is sitting directly to my right and begins to explain his thinking to me quietly. "See, I had 99 there and I called the $40 knowing that if I hit a set I'd take his whole stack, so I had implied odds."
I just nodded my head up and down. You certainly don't want to educate players at the table. He had implied odds alright, but they sucked. He's calling $40 to potentially win $120 so he's only getting 3 to 1. I think a good rule of thumb is that you need at least 10 to 1 implied odds. Of course, don't re-raise with 99 like that, just call and try to flop a set.
Saturday, July 21, 2007
Live Poker is a Savior!
The cure for my bad run was live poker, in particular the 1/2 NLHE game with a $50-$300 buy-in at Ameristar. I won a couple of $100+ pots with top two pair and a set of 6's and did a nice job of avoiding marginal situations in smallish pots. For example:
I limp AsTs UTG and 7 players see a AxJs2s flop. I check with the intention of check-raising, but MP bets the pot and then the tightest player at the table raises what I know has to be a set of 2's so I let it go.
There are 5 limpers and I check my option in BB with ATo. The flop comes Ts8s4x and I probably should have bet out but I check-folded to some heavy action.
I lost a total of $4 on those two hands.
Then, I raise red tens to $10 UTG and get 2 callers directly to the left of me. The flop is 988r and I bet $30. UTG+1 calls and UTG+2 folds. Alarm bells go off in my head and I check the 5h on the turn. He bets $40 into the $90 pot and I read him for either 99 or AA, and I suspect he is putting me on JJ-KK. I stack up all my chips and he is not worried in the slightest, confirming my read. I say, "There is nothing that I can beat" and muck. He shows AA and says, "Nice fold."
It wasn't the best session ever, but at least it was a winner.
Tuesday, June 26, 2007
Can't Win
Lack of poker posts recently = running very bad. I hate to whine or rant, but goddamit, I'm sick of losing! Losing is not fun! It doesn't matter how good I play or what game, I will lose to the biggest donkeys. For example, I just busted out of the PLO8 tourney with A456 on a 23J board after getting it all-in on the flop 3-ways with 50% equity. The turn and river were TJ and I got nada. So I go play some LHE, it folds to me OTB and I raise with TT. Only the BB calls and we see a K9x flop. He check/called my bet. The turn was a T and he check/raised; I re-raised with the 3rd nuts and he capped. The river didn't pair the board and I called his bet and got shown QJ of course. I swear, it's a fucking repeat of this shit every night.
Okay, that's the end of my rant. You will see no posts here again until I'm running better. If you must see more of me, check out my investment blog where I've been profiling one of the best stock opportunities that I've ever seen.
Sunday, April 01, 2007
Poker Blows
Have you ever screamed so loud that you ruptured a blood vessel? That's basically what happens every time I play poker. It's insane how often I get sucked out on, run into coolers and miss monster draws. It happens so often that I just expect it...that's how bad poker blows. I'm at a point where I would rather bluff with garbage and get people to fold versus value betting good hands because I know that they won't hold up. Have you ever felt like this?
My therapy has been to play a bunch of short-handed, low-limit Holdem against passive opponents. I basically raise and re-raise any reasonable hand preflop while in position and continue the aggression post flop regardless of the board. So far, it has been fun and refreshing being a lag-tard versus my natural tendency to be somewhat tight and nitty. There is just something about raising every hand that gives you a sense of power and helps the tilt go away. If you are struggling with your game, I highly recommend pounding away on the low-limit short-handed games for a while.
Thursday, March 22, 2007
Unacceptable Hand
I hate it when people play poorly and beat me. My opponent actually has about 54% equity on this flop with his wheel draw and flush draw but he doesn't re-raise me like he should have (you want to see all 5 cards with that hand!). Instead, he waits until I have 59% equity on the turn to make a bad all-in call.
PokerStars Game #9041129322: Omaha Hi/Lo No Limit ($0.25/$0.50) -
2007/03/22 - 23:19:13 (ET)
Table 'Tithonus V' 9-max Seat #7 is the button
Seat 1: Pio_the_King ($84.65 in chips)
Seat 2: Spiderman419 ($37.70 in chips)
Seat 3: Dustydawg ($34.85 in chips)
Seat 4: No_Limpin1 ($61.75 in chips)
Seat 5: Hillcrestkid ($59.85 in chips)
Seat 7: MrCooler1 ($66.20 in chips)
Seat 9: sachem99 ($72.70 in chips)
sachem99: posts small blind $0.25
Pio_the_King: posts big blind $0.50
*** HOLE CARDS ***
Dealt to No_Limpin1 [Td 2c Ad Ah]
Spiderman419: calls $0.50
Dustydawg: folds
No_Limpin1: raises $2 to $2.50
Hillcrestkid: folds
MrCooler1: folds
sachem99: calls $2.25
Pio_the_King: folds
Spiderman419: calls $2
*** FLOP *** [9c As 5c]
sachem99: bets $1.50
Spiderman419: folds
MrCooler1 is sitting out
No_Limpin1: raises $9 to $10.50
sachem99: calls $9
*** TURN *** [9c As 5c] [Ts]
sachem99: checks
No_Limpin1: bets $48.75 and is all-in
sachem99: calls $48.75
*** RIVER *** [9c As 5c Ts] [2s]
*** SHOW DOWN ***
sachem99: shows [4d 3c 7h Ac] (HI: a straight, Ace to Five; LO:
No_Limpin1: mucks hand
sachem99 collected $61.75 from pot
sachem99 collected $61.75 from pot
*** SUMMARY ***
Total pot $126.50 | Rake $3
Board [9c As 5c Ts 2s]
Seat 1: Pio_the_King (big blind) folded before Flop
Seat 2: Spiderman419 folded on the Flop
Seat 3: Dustydawg folded before Flop (didn't bet)
Seat 4: No_Limpin1 mucked [Td 2c Ad Ah]
Seat 5: Hillcrestkid folded before Flop (didn't bet)
Seat 7: MrCooler1 (button) folded before Flop (didn't bet)
Seat 9: sachem99 (small blind) showed [4d 3c 7h Ac] and won ($123.50)
with HI: a straight, Ace to Five; LO: 5,4,3,2,A
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Travelers Leave 12,000 Laptops In Airports Every Week
Absentminded travelers flummoxed by airport security leave 12,000 laptops in airports every single week. Only 30% are ever recovered.
The Ponemon study indicates that most airport laptop losses occur at the security checkpoints or at the departure gates, where it’s easy to leave things behind. More than 70 percent of business travelers say they feel rushed when trying to get on their flights, and 69 percent said they are usually carrying too many items while trying to catch their flights.
Los Angeles’s LAX reported more laptop losses than any other airport, about 1,200 per week. Most of the airports said they generally keep the laptops for some period of times, then destroy them if they are unclaimed.
Sixty-five percent of the business travelers admit that they do not take steps to protect the confidential information contained on their laptops when traveling on business, according to the study. Forty-two percent say they don’t back up their data before going on a trip. Fewer than 20 percent of respondents said they have whole disk encryption or file encryption on their machines.
Interestingly, only 1 percent of the respondents admitted personally losing a laptop computer. However, 84 percent say they know someone who has lost a laptop while traveling on business.
The UK’s The Real Hustle shows how security checkpoints offer thieves an unrivaled opportunity to poach laptops from unsuspecting travelers:
Next time you travel, keep an eye and hand on your laptop. And don’t be ashamed to admit if it’s stolen. Clearly, you’re not alone.
Laptop Losses Total 12,000 Per Week at US Airports [Dark Reading]
The Real Hustle – The Airport X-Ray Steal [YouTube]
(AP Photo/M. Spencer Green)
1. cmcd14 says:
So how do the airports not wipe them and sell them at discount? Trashing them seems like a huge loss of potential revenue.
2. snoop-blog says:
and yet we have problems getting children and schools pc’s…
3. @cmcd14: I was wondering the same thing. This on top of being charges all those extra fuel surcharges. Grumble, grumble…
4. teh says:
@cmcd14: Selling them seems like a huge gain for potential personal data thieves.
5. cwicseolfor says:
Not to nit-pick, but is it 1,200 (like the blurb) or 12,000 (like the headline)?
6. Dobernala says:
@teh: You seemed to have missed the part about wiping them first.
7. legwork says:
If the “destroying” part is anything like how they destroyed all the knives & such, airport employees are getting lots of laptops.
8. I doubt the laptop theft works anymore, now when walking through security you have to remove the laptop from the bag. At least in the US you do
9. dragonfire1481 says:
@Cwicseolfor: The 1200 number was for LAX only, the other number is I believe a nationwide figure.
10. @Dobernala: Indeed so. There are programs which can run on boot that will reformat the HDD a multitude of times. The laptop is then able to be sold as is at a discount because it’s used and has no OS.
11. B1663R says:
The real hustle is an awesome show! I strongly recommend that program. some of the things they pull off on people is mind boggling!
BTW my laptop is seriously encrypted and owned by the company. backs up automatically to our servers as well as daily syncing. so if i loose it, it’s no biggie.
12. Aside from potential loss of revenue or the complete lack of social responsibility (trashing v/s donating) the environmental impact of throwing away tons of laptops that are still perfectly useable is huge. Not like Enron huge, but considering it’s wholly unnecessary it’s pretty big. I’m surprised airlines don’t do “airline auctions” in the same vein as “police auctions” to fund their failing empires.
13. Rachacha says:
I agree that wiping them and selling them or even better, donating them to a school or charity would seem reasonable, however, what happens when that one lone laptop, lets say from the NSA or Social Security Administration or a financial institution is lost, and the wipe of the system is not 100% effective or someone notes that it was cleaned, when it actually wasn’t. I think that would open up a lot of liability. From a liability aspect, it is safest to throw them into a shredder and be done with it.
14. se7a7n7 says:
I’m sure they don’t actually destroy all those laptops. You know they get taken home and sold. Nice fringe benefit for airport workers.
15. sickofthis says:
The video was interesting, and I agree that opportunistic thieves can snatch a laptop at the security checkpoint. But in the states, you have to have a boarding pass or ticket even to get through the checkpoint, so it wouldn’t make much sense for professional thieves to operate this way. The threat would come from dishonest fellow travelers.
16. Trai_Dep says:
If they didn’t force us to jump like puppets doing STUPID things (shoes, liquids, in particular) then perhaps rushed people would remember their laptops?
17. There's room to move as a fry cook says:
Why would thieves pay for tickets, that must be show at the security check, to steal a $1500 laptap that they can maybe sell for half or less?
18. iMike says:
Shenanigans. That’s 600K lost lappies a year? No way.
19. tedyc03 says:
This might be a good time to think about putting a big, obvious bumper sticker on your laptop.
In the U.S. you have to take the laptop out of the case. A big identifying mark might be particularly useful.
20. girly says:
something tells me somebody made a mistake with the time period that stat covers
21. zentex says:
@snoop-blog: exactly. Instead of the TSA auctioning the computers or throwing them away, they should put them in a ‘pool’ that schools can submit requests for and get for the cost of shipping.
Seems like a no-brainer…oh wait, that’s why! it makes too much sense.
22. girly says:
How many flights go out of LAX per day? If they have around 500 flights per day, then on about 1 out of every 3 flights, every day, has one person missing a laptop. Maybe they should make an announcement at the gates for people to check for their laptops.
23. attheotherbeach says:
@se7a7n7: No, we don’t know that. Can you prove it? Or do you just assume everyone is a thief?
24. legwork says:
@attheotherbeach: A good friend is a long-time jet mechanic. He’s a gregarious guy who makes buddies from many walks at the airport. I attended my share of barbecues with groups of these people and wasn’t exactly comforted. The topic of lost and confiscated goodies, and their wink-wink disposal, came up all the time.
I don’t see him often now – moved out of state to help start an express 2yrs ago – but from my observations shopping is common within the biz.
25. MelL says:
@zentex: The problem then becomes one of building a protocol for how long a laptop is held, how the wiping is done, who does it, where it is stored, standards for who can request the laptops, what they have to actually do to ask for one, who is going to deliver it, who will handle the packaging, what happens in the case of liabilities for government laptops, dealing with private business who may feel like they’re getting screwed by having government give away things as opposed to buying from them, etc.
And I’m sure that’s just the tip of the proverbial iceberg when it comes to figuring out a process that works.
26. BigBadRAM says:
I have to believe that a process must already be in place for the many other things people leave behind. I can’t imagine why airport can’t simply remove the hard drives, shred those, and sell/donate the rest. Many a geek will tell ya that “wiping” a hard drive isn’t anywhere near as easy as most people believe it to be.
27. ptrix says:
All laptops have serial numbers, so why don’t the airports have a policy where, at the end of the week/month/whenever schedule works best for them, the airport staff contacts the manufacturers of all unclaimed laptops to arrange for the systems to be shipped back to the manufacturer’s or registered owner’s address, or for the registered owner to be notified that their laptops have been recovered?
28. ConsumptionJunkie says:
1715 lost laptops a DAY???
I call shenanigans.
29. There's room to move as a fry cook says:
I used to be a baggage handler for Hudson General – a baggage contractor used by many major airlines. Theft was rampant …and that was before the requirement to leave bags unlocked.
I am surprised that the article focuses on “travelers flummoxed by airport security” when theft is more likely ramp-side, in waiting areas, bars, and restrooms.
30. synergy says:
There has to be a better way to handle these laptops left behind than just trashing them. I also have to wonder about people not noticing that an expensive piece of hardware isn’t on their person. But I suppose there’s a lot of people like that. There’s a reason I bought a desktop the last time I bought one and not a laptop like the husband wanted.
31. spenc938 says:
@ptrix: Ticket prices are already high enough. We don’t need any more crap that is just going to waste money. Maybe instead, people should just take responsibility for their own belongings.
32. JadoJodo says:
Solution: Partner with all the OEMs to refurb them and resell. Data is safe(r) and the airports don’t have to worry about OS licensing.
33. NumberFiveIsAlive says:
I was just thinking how a lead shielded hard drive in a laptop would be a good place to hide a terrorist weapon. Guess its not a good idea since they might forget it.
34. animeredith says:
I totally need a laptop. How do I get my hands on one of these suckers?
Any airline employees out there want to help a sister out?
35. nsv says:
@Trai_Dep: I wear knee braces that set off the metal detectors and earn me a free frisking every time. The last time (last week) they told me to take the braces off. That’s difficult and painful, and it takes a long time, and I told them it takes a long time.
“I’ll be here allllLLLLLlllll day,” the frisker happily told me.
“I won’t; I have a plane to catch,” I said. She made me do it anyway. And meanwhile my bags were 20 feet away on the end of the belt, unattended.
36. Bruce Bayliss says:
You need a boarding pass to enter the sterile area and you’re required to remove your laptop from its bag.
If The real hustle were to repay the scam in a realistic scenario/environment, I’d be inclined to believe them.
Not this way.
37. John says:
Destroy them? No, they auction them, just like everything else that ends up in an airport lost and found. How do I know? I used to buy ‘em at auction.
38. nsv says:
@John: I need one. How do you do that? Or do they sell them in large lots?
39. coren says:
@IfThenElvis: I don’t think people were suggesting that…but buy a cheap ass one way ticket, snag a laptop or two – a few hundred bucks profit or more for a weekend? Doesn’t sound that unprofitable to me.
@John: Tell me more about these laptop auctions…
40. MisterE87 says:
If the airports sold the laptops, it would be a conflict of interest. People would be on Consumerist talking about how the airlines have this clandestine operation to steal and subsequently sell your laptop, not to mention the liability the airlines would assume for making sure each and every laptop is secure. Personally, I would rather my laptop be destroyed if I left it in the airport than trust the idiot airlines to safeguard my data, then sell it to a stranger. [shivers]
41. MrsMicah says:
After reading this, I think I’m heading out to BWI.
A company my aunt worked with (she was part of an accounting firm) actually ended their “commute by laptop” program after two HR employees lost laptops with names, address, entire payroll info. Two employees in one month. Made everyone else quite grumpy, but I suppose the company couldn’t afford any further risk.
42. John says:
The one I use to go to was in Las Vegas, an outlet named TNT does all the auction sales for the local airports.
See: []
I see they still do it, there are a number of airports listed in the upcoming auctions. Contents of the lost and found are sold as well as seizures. I would routinely purchase laptops (as well as all kinds of other electronics) with all the data on ‘em. I had to stop, it was killing me… I tried calling people up at first and offering to return the laptops for what I paid for them, but I got tired of being yelled at by people who thought I was a thief and didn’t get that I was now the legal owner of what was formerly their property. After I got sick of that abuse, I would frequently send CD sets of important data back anonymously if they seemed a decent enough sort. The uber-republican data security consultant who had all his passwords conveniently stored in a file on his desktop didn’t get that treatment. Nor did the christian youth leader with a lappy full of spyware and a taste for very young looking girls. I stopped after a while because the ethical dilemmas got to be too much. It was fun while it lasted.
43. medalian1 says:
I know someone who works for an airport in Florida. They lose a couple of laptops a month. It’s treated just like other lost & found stuff. Held for 90 days then sold at a government surplus auction site, with the airport keeping the profits. Most big ticket items, like laptops, are returned to their owners.
44. gliscameria says:
How the hell do you lose your laptop and not report it missing? I lost my phone and had it in my hands at lost and found within a half hour.
45. cjnewbs says:
@Papa Midnight: Maybe no OS CD but most laptops you buy still have the COA sticker on the underside so it still has a valid OS license.
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Day after day of gray skies and cold weather, and you just might find yourself coming down with a case of the winter blues. The winter doesn’t only affect the way we feel, but it also can change the way we eat. You may reach for calorie-laden comfort foods to boost your spirits, but in the end the weather is still bad and you feel overstuffed. Of nearly two thirds of U.S. adults, 64 percent agree that they are filled with greater joy soaking up the summer sun, then bundling up in winter coats. According to studies done at Cornell University, the winter blues and its more severe foil, Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), affects about four times as many women as men.
Research has begun to reveal how mindful eaters can choose their fuel to help achieve or maintain a desired mental state. The food you eat can also brighten your winter. Our moods are linked to the production or use of certain brain chemicals, and scientists have identified many of the natural chemicals in foods that change the way we feel. That’s right, you can eat certain foods in order to beat the winter blues. Food influences neurotransmitters by attaching to brain cells and changing the way they behave. This opens pathways to those cells, so that other mood-altering chemicals can come through the gates and attach themselves to brain cells.
The next time bad weather has got you down take a walk to the kitchen! Here are the foods to eat to beat the winter blues:
When you want to feel pleasant and alert: Eating foods that stimulate the release of dopamine may produce enjoyable feelings. Phenylnine is an essential amino acid found in the brain and blood that can convert in the body to tyrosine, which in turn is used to synthesize dopamine, instantly increasing your energy and alertness. Start your morning off with eggs and whole wheat toast, which stimulate dopamine production, and will help keep you feeling energized throughout the day. Breakfast is a must because it provides glucose to your brain, making you mentally efficient and alert.
To ease feeling of depression: Eat more fish! Omega-3 fatty acids (found in fatty fish such as salmon, herring, sardines and tuna) may help ease depressive symptoms. People with higher blood levels of these fatty acids were reported to experience less depressive symptoms, and were generally found to be more pleasant. This effect may be attributed to the fact that omega-3 fats make up about 8 percent of our brain. Higher intakes of these fats are associated with an increased volume of the parts of the brain responsible for mood and behavior.
To get out of a bad mood: A lack of selenium can cause bad moods. Individuals suffering from too little selenium have been shown to be more anxious, irritable, hostile and depressed than people with normal levels of selenium. Brazil nuts, salmon, and shitake mushrooms can instantaneously get you out of this funk.
When you want to feel happy: When we don't get enough exposure to sunlight, our mood and physical health may suffer. More specifically, serotonin levels, a hormone associated with elevating your mood rises when you're exposed to sunlight, leaving you to feel sad during the darker winter months. An amino acid, tryptophan helps raise serotonin levels in your body, causing you to feel upbeat once again. Eating foods that are high in tryptophan such as low-fat cottage cheese, nuts, and chicken will help boost your mood.
Get Moving: Studies show that anywhere from 30 minutes to an hour of exercise every day can have a positive impact on your mood. When we exercise our body releases endorphins that help us to feel happy. Exercise has also been shown to reduce stress, which can help alleviate feelings of depression brought on by the winter blues. Not to mention, frequent exercising can make your jeans fit a little better, and that’s a mood booster in itself!
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http://www.foxnews.com/health/2012/01/26/foods-to-beat-winter-blues/
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Zotrim Blog
When the body becomes used to a set routine or stimulus it actually looks to maintain it’s current state and can actually increase cortisol levels in the body which can cause weight gain. The following is a couple tips on how to keep on course with continual weight loss.
Add Variety to Your Workouts
Incorporate variation into each workout. Variety is critical because your muscles become very efficient at the exercises they are accustomed to doing. Switching things up or doing something radically different during each workout session is more challenging to your muscles. This concept should be applied to both aerobic exercise and strength training.
An individual who always does the same exercises will usually plateau sooner than someone who continually makes changes. If you don’t feel comfortable doing a different workout each time you hit the gym, try to change your exercise routine at least every 6-8 weeks. Changing your routine is crucial to keeping your body/muscles surprised. They’ll have to work harder, you’ll be challenged, and you’ll burn more calories and build more lean muscle in the process.
Change your cardio activity:
Change the type of exercise you usually do. The possibilities of aerobic exercise are endless. If you walk, try cycling. If you take kickboxing, try the elliptical. Consider adding some of these possibilities to your routine: running, jogging, walking, elliptical machine, swimming, cycling, indoor exercise, outdoor exercise, hiking, fitness videos/DVDS, group fitness classes like kickboxing, aerobics, spinning, stair steppers, etc
Change the duration of your workouts:
Try to increase your minutes as you become fitter, and occasionally, try a shorter (but more intense) workout.
Change the intensity of your workouts:
This is something you can play with on a daily basis. This includes working at an incline or harder level, sprint work, distance work, maintaining intensity, or interval work (shifting between fast/hard and easy/recovery intervals).
Change your Strength Training Routine:
Change the mode of exercise. If you are using machines, move to free weights. If you are using body weight, try resistance bands. If you are doing free weights, add a stability element like a BOSU ball or stability ball. Try doing exercises while balancing on one foot or switch between any and all of these.
Change the exercises you actually do. If you have been doing chest press, change to a chest fly or use the pec deck machine. Think of an alternative exercise for each muscle group and you’ll have an entirely new workout
Change your resistance level and/or number of repetitions. Be sure to increase your weight regularly. Make sure you are lifting to fatigue with each set. If you typically lift 12-15 reps, try doing 8-10 (with a higher weight) or vice versa. Play with your weight and reps in each set.
There are lots of ways to add variety to your workouts—and it’s SO important that you do to continue losing weight and improving your fitness level. By always challenging yourself, you will avoid hitting a plateau in the first place, and overcome the one you’re stuck in now.
The principles of nutrition, rest and variation all work closely together. When not followed properly, they can instigate a negative snowball effect: Repeating the same exercises can cause overtraining, which leads to plateaus and an inability to sleep. Lack of rest hinders you progress, making recovery take much longer, especially if you are not well-nourished and hydrated.
Along with sticking to a sound nutritional plan try adding HydroxyBurn Pro Clinical and Zotrim to your diet to fast track your weight loss.
Leave a Reply
3 × = nine
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http://www.zotrim.com.au/blog/2012/general/have-you-hit-a-plateau-with-your-weight-loss-time-to-mix-things-up/
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| 256
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Tell Congress: Stop Wasting Time on Divisive Symbolic Religious Issues
Tomorrow, yet again, Congress will vote on a resolution aimed at promoting state-sponsored religion.
H. CON. RES. 13, aims to reaffirm ‘‘In God We Trust’’ as the official motto of the United States and supports and encourages the public display of the national motto in all public buildings, public schools, and other government institutions.
“In God We Trust” is already the official motto of the United States, and in raising this as an issue yet again, Republicans in the House are throwing a red herring to inflame culture wars and draw the focus off of fixing the economy.
The resolution, sponsored by Representative Randy Forbes (R-VA), does nothing more than waste precious time and money on symbolic religious issues that divide rather than unite Americans in a time of universal economic struggle.
With time being wasted on issues like this, it is no wonder the Congressional approval rate is at an all-time low. At a time when unemployment is at its highest point in decades, when American homes are being foreclosed at alarming rates, when Americans are crippled under the weight of student loan payments and millions of Americans are living pay check to pay check, members of Congress need to focus on the economy and stop trying to inflame culture wars.
Tell Congress to stop wasting the taxpayers’ time and money on “reaffirming” symbolic religious issues and get to the business that the American people elected them to do—getting Americans back to work and the economy back on track.
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http://action.secular.org/p/dia/action/public/?action_KEY=8586
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| 244
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Episode #39- Of a Graphic Nature
Graphics- can't live with 'em, can't live.... wait a minute- that doesn't work. Ummmm.... aw, heck- let's just cut to the chase, shall we? Graphics have come a long way since the infancy of video games. From two white bars bouncing a white dot across a black screen, to crudely-assembled monochromatic icons, to full cinematic sequences that are virtually indistinguishable from live action, graphics have developed in leaps and bounds over the last 30-odd years. The current generation of hardware is capable of producing some mind-blowing spectacles.This week on the show, we'll be talking about graphics in general- games with great graphics, games with disappointing graphics, games that pushed the boundaries of what a particular gaming system is capable of. Obviously we've got our own thoughts on this, but tell us- what are some of your favourite examples of graphics- good, bad, or ugly?Thanks for watching on Vimeo and iTunes (and if you're watching on iTunes, don't forget to rate the show). As always, send feedback to fans (at) gamesdaypodcast (dot) com.
More episodes of GamesDay
Featured episodes in Videogames
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| 353
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Soul Fighter
Genre Action -> Fighting
Today's Rank 0
Date N/A
Publisher N/A
Date N/A
Publisher Ubisoft
North America Retail Box ArtRed Orb's Dreamcast debut is a quirky mix of simplistic hand-to-hand combat, maze crawling, and power-up eating. And you'll need the strength of a stomach full of soul food to mow down the plethora of townsfolk turned beasties in Soul Fighter. Whack a bad guy, and his soul is put into your magic bottle for safekeeping until you've freed enough souls to pop open the door to the next level. While on the surface, the game may seem to borrow heavily from the fantasy-action romp Gauntlet Legends, it actually has a lot more in common with old Sega Genesis games such as Streets of Rage. Only instead of a side-scrolling brawler, this game presents the world in stunning 3-D, with a rather fussy camera-angle system that can be detrimental to both gameplay and your full stomach. Still, since the controls are so simplified--with only three main buttons for kick, punch, and jump--it's hard to fault the game for using awkward camera movement to make things more challenging. A rather odd epicurean collection of power-ups uses pig's heads, roasted chickens, and wood-planked fish to boost your strength. Projectile weapons such as crossbows and throwing axes can be uncovered by brashly shattering treasure chests that are strewn about, or by giving some beastly bag of bones a few soul-freeing punts. Three characters to choose from make the game slightly more deep, but the lack of two- or three-player simultaneous beast-busting is a serious drawback. The level designs are very simple and uninspired, with an odd amount of backtracking required to finish each one. Soul Fighter is by no means original, but it does deliver a limbic system thrill, like a plotless, yet alluringly action-heavy, Jean-Claude Van Damme film. --Jeff Young Pros: Two buttons can unleash a varied and impressive amount of fighting Great frame rates and animation Easy to pick up, arcade-style gameplay Cons: Motion sickness-inducing camera movement Replayability reduced by lack of multiplayer mode Tediously drawn-out intro movie
Sponsored Links
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http://www.gamershell.com/dreamcast/soul_fighter/screenshots.html
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What are pests?
Think of them as animals out of place. Out in nature, they're just doing their jobs. But when they move into our homes and yards, then we call them pests. So come explore the world of pests. Then use your new knowledge to outwit the pests in your world.
click to research pestsClick to play pest gamesClick to write reportsClick to download science fair kits.Click to access lesson plans
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Maarit Liukkonen
Maarit's work is influenced by the traumas, fears and other emotional
and physical experiences that are kept in our memory and by how people react when confronted with them. Subconsciously, she explores and tests the limits and boundaries of the darker side of life and tries to give it a new meaning through jewellery.
Her design process is supported by mixed media drawings and paintings that she transforms into symmetrical 3D shapes. The pieces are mostly produced from metal, a material that allows her to explore different approaches with every piece she makes.
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• May 18, 2013
Robots at War: Scholars Debate the Ethical Issues
'Moral' Robots: the Future of War or Dystopian Fiction? 1
Alan Radecki, Northrop Grumman
The X-47B, an unmanned military aircraft
The dawn of the 21st century has been called the decade of the drone. Unmanned aerial vehicles, remotely operated by pilots in the United States, rain Hellfire missiles on suspected insurgents in South Asia and the Middle East.
Now a small group of scholars is grappling with what some believe could be the next generation of weaponry: lethal autonomous robots. At the center of the debate is Ronald C. Arkin, a Georgia Tech professor who has hypothesized lethal weapons systems that are ethically superior to human soldiers on the battlefield. A professor of robotics and ethics, he has devised algorithms for an "ethical governor" that he says could one day guide an aerial drone or ground robot to either shoot or hold its fire in accordance with internationally agreed-upon rules of war.
But some scholars have dismissed Mr. Arkin's ethical governor as "vaporware," arguing that current technology is nowhere near the level of complexity that would be needed for a military robotic system to make life-and-death ethical judgments. Clouding the debate is that any mention of lethal robots floods the minds of ordinary observers with Terminator-like imagery, creating expectations that are unreasonable and counterproductive.
If there is any point of agreement between Mr. Arkin and his critics, it is this: Lethal autonomous systems are already inching their way into the battle space, and the time to discuss them is now. The difference is that while Mr. Arkin wants such conversations to result in a plan for research and governance of these weapons, his most ardent opponents want them banned outright, before they contribute to what one calls "the juggernaut of developing more and more advanced weaponry."
Mr. Arkin, who has more than a quarter-century of experience performing robotics research for the military, says his driving concern is the safety of noncombatants.
"I am not a proponent of lethal autonomous systems," he says in the weary tone of a man who has heard the accusation before. "I am a proponent of when they arrive into the battle space, which I feel they inevitably will, that they arrive in a controlled and guided manner. Someone has to take responsibility for making sure that these systems ... work properly. I am not like my critics, who throw up their arms and cry, 'Frankenstein! Frankenstein!'"
Nothing would make him happier than for weapons development to be rendered obsolete, says Mr. Arkin. "Unfortunately, I can't see how we can stop this innate tendency of humanity to keep killing each other on the battlefield."
Thrill of Discovery
The early days of robotics research were frustrating for scientists and engineers because of the machines' sensory and computational limitations. Things started to get interesting, Mr. Arkin recalls, as researchers made gains in areas like autonomous pathfinding algorithms, sensing technology, and sensor processing.
"I was very enthralled with the thrill of discovery and the drive for research and not as much paying attention to the consequences of, 'If we answer these questions, what's going to happen?'" he says. What was going to happen soon became apparent: Robotics started moving out of the labs and into the military-industrial complex, and Mr. Arkin began to worry that the systems could eventually be retooled as weaponized "killing machines fully capable of taking human life, perhaps indiscriminately."
His "tipping point" came in 2005 at a Department of Defense workshop, where he was shown a grainy, black-and-white video recorded by a gun camera on a U.S. Apache attack helicopter hovering above a roadside in Iraq.
In the cross hairs, three probable insurgents appeared as thermal images moving between a pair of trucks and a field, where one of them tossed an apparent weapon. "Smoke him," a commander's voice ordered. Seconds later, automatic fire from a helicopter chain gun cut apart first one man, then another. The third took shelter under the larger of the trucks. Mr. Arkin recorded the rest of the dialogue in his book Governing Lethal Behavior in Autonomous Robots (CRC Press, 2009):
Voice 1: Want me to take the other truck out?
Voice 2: Roger ... Wait for move by the truck.
Voice 1: Movement right there ... Roger, he's wounded.
Voice 2: [No hesitation] Hit him.
Voice 1: Targeting the truck.
Voice 2: Hit the truck and him. Go forward of it and hit him.
[Pilot retargets for wounded man.]
Voice 1: Roger.
[Audible weapon discharge—wounded man has been killed.]
"As I see it," Mr. Arkin wrote, "the human officer ordered the execution of a wounded man," possibly violating the military rule that forbids the killing of someone who is hors de combat or "outside the fight."
The "gruesome" video set him to wondering about a potential humanitarian side to his work: Could a drone, operating independently of human control but programmed to follow the Geneva Conventions and other international laws of war, "have refused to shoot upon an already wounded and effectively neutralized target?" It was a tantalizing but controversial idea.
Robots Join the War
The history of military robotics began with the Serbian-American inventor Nikola Tesla, whose pioneering work in electrical engineering led to the alternating-current (AC) systems that still power homes today. In the book Wired for War: The Robotics Revolution and Conflict in the 21st Century (Penguin Press, 2009), Peter W. Singer describes how a U.S. government official laughed at Tesla in 1898 when he tried to sell the idea of radio-controlled torpedoes for the military.
Germany would be the first to find a military use for Tesla's wireless-radio technology, ramming a British vessel with an explosive-laden motorboat during World War I, writes Mr. Singer, director of the Brookings Institution's 21st Century Defense Initiative. In World War II, Nazi forces dropped the first remotely piloted drone and steered it to its target using radio controls.
During the Vietnam War, the U.S. military's Firefly drone flew 3,435 reconnaissance missions over Southeast Asia, and in 1991 laser-guided bombs and missiles known as smart bombs became the stars of the Persian Gulf War. A retired Air Force officer told Mr. Singer that "the magic moment" for drone warfare came in 1995, when unmanned systems were integrated with Global Positioning System military satellites.
Five years later, Sen. John Warner, the Virginia Republican who led the Senate Armed Services Committee, muscled a requirement into the National Defense Authorization Act of 2001 specifying that one-third of all attack aircraft should be unmanned by 2010 and one-third of all ground combat vehicles driverless by 2015.
"His insistence on pushing unmanned systems to the next level had nothing to do with what was possible with robotics at the time," Mr. Singer wrote of Senator Warner. Rather, the lawmaker was concerned that the public's growing distaste for American war casualties would neuter U.S. foreign policy, and that the military needed a technological draw to entice young people to enlist.
The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, spurred still more expansion in military spending, especially for robotics, and the Pentagon's drone fleet has swelled from 50 to more than 7,000. The changes came so swiftly that George R. Lucas Jr., a professor of ethics and public policy at the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, says he and others had to embark on a crash course in unmanned technology. "A lot of us really found ourselves caught off guard and really behind the eight ball about this stuff," says Mr. Lucas, who holds a joint appointment at the U.S. Naval Academy.
Today the United States has two counterterrorism drone programs, according to the American Security Project, a bipartisan public-policy organization that focuses on national-security issues. The Pentagon and the Joint Special Operations Command openly operate one program in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Libya, and the Central Intelligence Agency operates another covertly in Pakistan, Somalia, and Yemen.
Based on figures from 16 news outlets in the Middle East, South Asia, and the United States, the New America Foundation estimates that remotely piloted U.S. drones in Pakistan have killed 1,873 to 3,171 people since 2004. Up to 14 percent of the dead have been classified as either civilian or unknown, though the number of noncombatant casualties has reportedly plummeted to nearly zero this year.
Americans approve of the drone campaign 62 percent to 28 percent, according to the Pew Research Center's Global Attitudes Project. (The rest of the world is less enthusiastic; approval ratings among the other 20 nations in the survey ranged from a high of 44 percent in Britain to just 5 percent in Greece.)
A New York Times article in May about the Obama administration's embrace of drone warfare quoted Dennis C. Blair, the president's former director of national intelligence, as saying that the remotely piloted campaign was "the politically advantageous thing to do—low cost, no U.S. casualties, gives the appearance of toughness. ... Any damage it does to the national interest only shows up over the long term."
'Artificial Conscience'
A year after seeing the Apache helicopter video in 2005, Mr. Arkin, the Georgia Tech roboticist, won a three-year grant from the U.S. Army Research Office for a project with a stated goal of producing "an artificial conscience" to guide robots in the battlefield independent of human control. The project resulted in a decision-making architecture that Mr. Arkin says could potentially lead to ethically superior robotic warriors within as few as 10 to 20 years, assuming the program is given full financial support.
"I'm not talking about replacing war fighters one for one," he says. "I'm talking about designing very narrow, very specific machines for certain tasks that will work alongside human war fighters to carry out particular types of operations that humans don't do particularly well at, such as building-clearing operations."
Rather than risking one's own life to protect noncombatants who may or may not be behind a door, Mr. Arkin says, a soldier "might have a propensity to roll a grenade through there first ... and there may be women and children in that room." A robot could enter the room and gauge the level of threat from up close, eliminating the risk to a soldier.
Autonomous weapons bring other advantages, Mr. Arkin notes. The militants who have engaged U.S. forces in Iraq and Afghanistan lack the technological savvy of other potential enemies. "Imagine we are fighting a sophisticated enemy in complete war once again," he suggests. An American pilot at a military base in Nevada is guiding a drone several thousand miles away when the enemy knocks out the communication link. "What do the drones do?" Mr. Arkin asks. "Do they circle? Do they go back? Or is authority going to be given to them to become autonomous?"
The scenario is not far-fetched. Researchers from the Radionavigation Laboratory of the University of Texas at Austin grabbed headlines in June when they managed to hijack an unmanned aerial vehicle in a "spoofing" test arranged by the Department of Homeland Security.
A paper published last year in The Columbia Science and Technology Law Review explored the ethical, policy, legal, and operational issues that surround lethal autonomous weapons. The authors were Mr. Arkin and 10 other scholars from the Consortium for Emerging Technologies, Military Operations, and National Security, or Cetmons—a collection of university ethics centers whose members meet regularly to discuss the complex issues raised by new military technologies. The paper calls the development of such weapons "inevitable and relatively imminent."
Most scholars agree that the line separating existing autonomous weapons from their human-controlled forebears is a blurry one. Mr. Singer notes that the Aegis computer system, which America has used since the 1980s to defend naval vessels against air and missile attacks, has a range of settings that go from semiautomatic to "casualty." In the final setting, the system simply does what is necessary to defend the ship.
"A lot of air-defense systems operate under this principle, where you have an incoming threat, and it's coming in so fast that the system can automatically destroy it," he says. A human can shut off the system even as it's about to fire, but as Mr. Singer puts it, "You've got what I call mid-curse-word reaction time: 'Oh, cr—.' That's about it."
Even when the system is in semiautomatic mode, the humans who are monitoring it sometimes trust the computer more than their own instincts, Mr. Singer notes. In 1988, during the Iran-Iraq war, that resulted in the shooting down of Iran Air Flight 655, a civilian aircraft with 290 people aboard. Although the jet was broadcasting a civilian signal, the Aegis computer system displayed an icon for an Iranian F-14 fighter.
"Not one of the 18 sailors and officers on the command crew was willing to challenge the computer's wisdom," Mr. Singer wrote in Wired for War. "They authorized it to fire."
Other systems can be made fully autonomous, such as the mounted guns that South Korea uses to protect its border with North Korea.
According to Mr. Arkin, whether or not a system is autonomous depends on how you define it, which may depend on what discipline you're in.
"When you speak to a philosopher, autonomy deals with moral agency and the ability to assume responsibility for decisions," he says. "Most roboticists have a much simpler definition in that context. In the case of lethal autonomy, it's the ability to pick out a target and engage that target without additional human intervention."
The 'Illusion' of Inevitability
The Cetmons paper says that now is the time to discuss an agenda for studying and regulating lethal autonomous systems, before the commercial momentum behind the technology becomes "too strong and entrenched."
That is a worry shared by many, including Wendell Wallach, a scholar at Yale University's Interdisciplinary Center for Bioethics. Mr. Arkin's optimistic view of the potential capabilities of robotics, Mr. Wallach says, misleads unsophisticated observers—potentially including some policy makers—who are not aware of how vast a gulf separates existing technology and Arnold Schwarzenegger's Terminator.
"The danger of Ron's language is that it creates the illusion that moral robotic weaponry is inevitable and right around the corner, and therefore we shouldn't be so concerned about the development of autonomous lethal weapons," says Mr. Wallach, co-author of Moral Machines: Teaching Robots Right From Wrong (Oxford University Press, 2009).
Noel Sharkey, a professor of artificial intelligence and robotics at the University of Sheffield, in England, says that while the Geneva Conventions require that new weapons systems be tested during their development to ensure that they won't inadvertently harm civilians, there is no such requirement for systems that are used for other purposes, like surveillance. That was the role of Predator drones until the terrorist attacks of 2001, after which the CIA and the Air Force equipped them with Hellfire missiles.
Since most unmanned systems can quickly be weaponized, Mr. Sharkey fears that is precisely what would happen if America suddenly found itself in a new war. "It's called military necessity," he says. "We've got this facility, and we're engaged in a war. We'll stick the weapons on."
Mr. Sharkey argues that lethal autonomous systems will never attain the proficiency of humans in following such "just war theory" cornerstones as distinction and proportionality. The principle of distinction establishes that active combatants are the only legitimate targets of attack. Civilians, including children and the elderly, are to be excluded, as are combatants who are wounded or have surrendered. When it is impossible to fully protect noncombatants, the principle of proportionality requires that any loss of life be proportional to the direct military advantage that one expects to gain.
Mr. Sharkey rejects both the level of complexity and the timeline that Mr. Arkin has proposed.
"From my knowledge of artificial intelligence, I know there is no possibility you could discriminate between a civilian and a combatant with a robot sensing system," Mr. Sharkey says. "I couldn't see it happening even within the next hundred years, really."
In Wired for War, Mr. Singer lists several examples of combat situations that would stymie even the most experienced soldier, such as when a Somalian sniper covered himself with children to prevent being shot. How would a lethal autonomous robot respond in such a scenario?
Mr. Arkin responds that his critics are the ones who are exaggerating what he has hypothesized could be possible.
"It is a restraint mechanism," he says. "There is no high-level reasoning. There is no moral agency."
In the case of the Somalian sniper the ethical robot would simply follow the laws of war and hold its fire, he says. The robot could also approach the sniper without fearing for its safety, as a human soldier would.
Nonetheless he acknowledges that lethal robots would not be perfect.
"They will make mistakes," Mr. Arkin says. "But if they make fewer mistakes than human soldiers do, that translates into a saving of noncombatant lives."
Mr. Lucas, the Naval Postgraduate School ethicist and Cetmons member, refers to Mr. Arkin as "the responsible extreme" because he is not pursuing the "relentless drive toward machine autonomy" that seems to compel some scientists. Where Mr. Lucas parts ways with his friend is over his "anthropomorphic" terminology.
In a chapter of a book forthcoming from Oxford University Press, Killing by Remote Control, Mr. Lucas writes that Mr. Arkin and his colleagues "complicate the issues unnecessarily by invoking spurious concepts like machine 'morality' and proposing 'ethical governors.'"
Lowering the Bar for War
In Mr. Singer's view, the lure of lethal autonomous drones is the promise that we can conduct war without sending people into harm's way and suffering the human and political consequences.
"But war has a wonderful way of paying you back," he says. "You think you may be getting away with something, avoiding political consequences, but often it comes back to haunt you in some way, shape, or another."
Mr. Sharkey is a founder of the International Committee for Robot Arms Control, a collection of scholars who support an international ban on autonomous lethal targeting. Mr. Wallach agrees with the goal, saying that the weapons are "not yet embedded" in the American defense arsenal, as unmanned aerial vehicles are. But he fears that arms-control negotiations would drag on, and that compliance would be difficult to verify.
Thus Mr. Wallach has advocated establishing as a first step an international humanitarian principle stating that machines should not be making "decisions" to kill humans. In June he began circulating a proposal that calls for an executive order against the development of "autonomous lethal-force-initiating systems." He says that getting the president to declare that the United States will not create such weaponry could prompt NATO to jump on board as well.
"It's a very specific strategy on how to move forward," Mr. Wallach says. "You establish under international humanitarian law the principle that this is not an appropriate form of warfare. It becomes comparable to biological weaponry, gas warfare, lasers on the battlefield, other things that have now been declared immoral, inappropriate in warfare."
Braden R. Allenby, a professor of engineering, ethics, and law at Arizona State University and chairman of Cetmons, says people in the military are also skeptical of lethal autonomous robots "because they're the ones who are going to get blamed for it" if something goes wrong.
Yet he says it's clear that people in the defense establishment are studying such systems even if they are not planning to deploy them.
"If it's your job to be concerned about the security of the United States, and that's what the president has told you to do, then you've got to try to understand this stuff," Mr. Allenby says. "Because if you don't, and then China does, or Russia does, or India does, or Brazil does, then you haven't done your job. You've failed."
Corrections (September 13, 2012, 5:01 p.m.): This article originally stated that Iran Air Flight 655 was shot down when the Aegis air-defense system was set on "casualty," an automatic mode. The article has been corrected to show that the decision to fire was made by human soldiers, based on misinformation from the system. The article also incorrectly named the institution where Braden R. Allenby is a professor. It is Arizona State University, not the University of Arizona. The article has been updated to reflect this correction.
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http://chronicle.com/article/article-content/134240/
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Skip to definition.
Noun: protuberance prow't(y)oo-bu-run(t)s [N. Amer], pru'tyoo-bu-run(t)s [Brit]
"the occipital protuberance was well developed";
- bulge, bump, hump, swelling, gibbosity, gibbousness, jut, prominence, protrusion, extrusion, excrescence
2. The condition of being protuberant; the condition of bulging out
"the protuberance of his belly"
Derived forms: protuberances
Type of: condition, projection, status
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| 138
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Usted está aquí: Inicio > Winery
Bodegas en La Rioja. Bodegas Fin de Siglo
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Bodegas Fin de Siglo
Winery. The First Station
Quality wines in the typical style of the area —the Najerilla district in Rioja Alta. Our philosophy is that simple. And that is how simply we can define our wines. Because we have the weight of our history behind us, with all the wisdom that millenary tradition has left us. Because we have an in-depth knowledge of each and every process leading to our range of authentic wines. Which are felt deeply.
Originating in very old vines, the fruit of our land represents native grape varieties, those which best manifest its values, the more natural the vinification process is. That is where we want to get.
Bodegas Fin de Siglo
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Re: Problem with subschemasubentry
>I am very new to LDAP and OpenLDAP. I' ve got some LDIF files which
>produce errors when I execute ldapmodify.
>Here is an example entry of my LDIF file:
>dn: cn=subschemasubentry
>changetype: modify
>add: attributetypes
>attributetypes: ( 2.16.840.1.113894.7.1.1 NAME 'orclVersion' EQUALITY
>caseIgnoreMatch SYNTAX '' SINGLE-VALUE )
An application/user can't modify the subschemaentry (to my knowledge), this
object is maintained by the DSA. You need to define your schemas in a schema
file (usually in /etc/openldap/schema or some such place) and include it into
your slapd.conf.
>The ldapmodify command gives the following error:
>modifying entry "cn=subschemasubentry"
>ldap_modify: No such object
>ldif_record() = 32
>Which means that cn=subschemasubentry doesn't exist. So I queried the
>rootDSE and the following was reported:
In a sense it doesn't, it is a "virtual" object maintained by the DSA to permit
clients to query it's knowledge.
Systems and Network Administrator
Morrison Industries
1825 Monroe Ave NW
Grand Rapids, MI. 49505
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Amanda Vanstone
Amanda Vanstone
Born in Adelaide, Amanda Vanstone studied Arts and Law at the University of Adelaide and before entering politics worked in the legal area, retailing and small business.
Amanda entered the Australian Parliament in 1984 and was a Liberal Senator for South Australia from 1984 to 2007. She was the only female member of the Howard Cabinet following the 1996 election that brought the coalition to power. She held several ministerial portfolios in the Howard Government including Minister for Employment, Education, Training and Youth Affairs, Minister for Justice and Customs, Minister for Family and Community Services, Minister Assisting the Prime Minister for the Status of Women, Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs, and Minister Assisting the Prime Minister for Reconciliation.
Programs presented
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Wednesday, June 27, 2007
and now for some dumb pastor news
I don't know what to say... Pastor Shoots off cat's head.
Virginia - A volunteer firefighter who leads weekly religious services at a homeless shelter received a suspended sentence for shooting the head off a neighbour's cat.
Jonathan Hubert Powell, 39, said he decapitated the cat, named Garcia, because it was scratching his car, according to his testimony.
But on Monday, Powell said he shot at what he thought was a raccoon or possum.
He was convicted of animal cruelty in the April 2006 shooting and received the two-year suspended sentence.
After his sentencing, Powell said he learned some "very valuable lessons" that he hopes to share in his ministry.
"I'm sorry that an animal had to die," he said. "I will admit I made a very poor decision."
I don't have anything snaky to say. I must not be feeling well.
The Anonymous Atheist said...
Damn, I want to know where that is! I live in Virginia, and I'd like to know how far away this guy is.
yinyang said...
Isn't cruelty to animals one of the signs of a serial killer?
tina said...
Please don't let your animals roam free. It's all for the better, diseases, attacks by other animals, more babies, feral cats spraying doors marking territories, it just makes sense. I feel bad for the people that owned the kitty though, they're like part of your family. This guy is a pastor??
Johnny Crow said...
I guess I just think a bit differently, If you have a varmint or creature that is on your property, I would shoo it away or even do what the guy did. I would have shot the damn thing. Then again if you didn't know it was a cat then he shouldn't have shot at it in the first place... but that is besides the point... I just don't see how this is bad. Also whether he was religious or a pastor or not is moot, he was a guy who shot at a cat or animal because it was on his property and fuckin with his shit. Sounds like me. lol. Thats just my two cents.
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Alessi - Ashtray "Joe Cactus"
The ashtray Joe Cactus was designed by Philippe Starck for Alessi.
The ashtray appears on the first look like a flower pot. The ash can easily be peened at the "cactus", it will then fall into the "flower pot".
The pot can be filled with water so that the cigarettes wont burn any longer. You can also use the ashtray as air freshener. To do so you only have to put scented oils or something similar into the water.
Philippe Starck
Design: Philippe Starck
The French designer Philippe Patrick Starck is deemed to be the pop star under designers. He was born in the year 1949 in Paris and like no other he has coined the contemporaneous everyday culture with his design. Designer Philippe Starck
"Joe Cactus" Aschenbecher Alessi - Joe Cactus Ashtray
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Only 1 left in stock.
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H: 14 cm, D: 26 cm, L: 14 cm, weight: 500 g, Ø: 10 cm, colour: red
Nr. 108472, EAN 8003299301102
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Connox GmbH, Eckenerstraße 3, 30179 Hannover, Tel: +49 (0)511 300341-0, Mail:
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| 418
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Camping Advice Ovens
Camping Advice Ovens
Whenever you mind to camping, you need to make certain that you are ready for the sun and rain, however, you likewise need food. If you are only camping for a few days you are able to most likely take enough to consume along with you, but that does not mean you need to eat everything cold. Also, if you are likely to be camping for some time, you will need to catch and prepare a few of the food that you will be eating, generally. In either case, you will need a prepare stove, and you will find a number of different kinds. You will get everything from an easy flame that you could warmth things over, to some more elaborate stove with writers you are able to control, so that you can warmth several factor at any given time.
You will find options on either finish from the spectrum as well as in between, too. Which you select will rely on several factors. Obviously the cost will matter, because many people are extremely limited regarding how much cash they are able to invest in their camping hobby. Others only desire to use their cash for other activities and various gear, so that they opt to not spend over our limits on the stove.
Apart from cost, you will want to consider how large and high the stove is. You will be transporting a sleeping bag, a tent, along with other gear, so adding a stove to that particular will make it overweight that you should easily carry for lengthy amounts of time. In the event that to be, it’s something you wish to uncover before you purchase the stove, not throughout your vacation. A part of what’s going to affect that’s whether you are camping alone or whether you will see others along with you. Just how much gear individuals others can transport is important, too, as you may have the ability to more evenly distribute the load between all the campers and produce a bigger stove along.
Weight, size, cost, and ale the stove to complete the thing you need are extremely important factors, out of the box the security and the standard from the stove that you simply purchase. It isn’t best to be satisfied with the least expensive option available, but doing all of your research in to the various ovens can help you make that choice.
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Hometime Team
transparent transparent
Trans 1) Vinyl Siding Basics Trans
2) Vinyl Siding - Getting Started
3) Installing Vinyl Siding
4) Vinyl Soffits, Fascia & Trim
5) Fiber-Cement Siding
Laying out a Vinyl Siding Project
There are certain guidelines for layout on a siding job.
The rows, or courses, should line up all the way around the house, around every corner.
The courses of siding should be level. However, if the house has settled or there are parts of the house that that aren't perfectly level (such as soffits), it
might be better have the siding be parallel to the house (even if this means the siding won't be perfectly level.) Siding Stepping Up
Try to avoid having thin pieces of siding under windows, doors or soffits.
Houses that change levels—such as walk-outs or split-levels—pose particular layout challenges. If you start with a full course along the bottom in one area, as the level changes up or down you may end up with less than a full course along the bottom in other areas. In this case, you'll want to pick the most prominent, visible area of the house and start with a full course there, and let the cuts fall where they may in other areas.
Cutting Vinyl Siding
Hand Tools Cut Vinyl Siding
One of the beauties of vinyl siding is that you can cut it with inexpensive hand tools. Large-bladed tin snips can be used to cut the pieces of siding to length. Smaller aviation snips are best for cutting trim pieces to precise lengths and shapes.
That's not to say that there aren't power tools for the job, too. A standard circular saw fitted with a fine-toothed plywood cutting blade will cut vinyl cleanly and quickly. (It works best to put the blade in the saw backwards.) Professional siding contractors usually have a power miter saw on a large stand to make cutting go faster. Amateurs can build something similar on top of a sheet of plywood or OSB with some scrap 1-by and 2-by.
Long, horizontal cuts in vinyl are made by scoring the cut with a utility knife and bending the piece back and forth until it breaks along the score mark.
Nailing Vinyl Siding
Loosely nailed vinyl sidingVinyl expands and contracts with changes in temperature, so how the vinyl is secured to the house is important. It can't be secured firmly—it has to be able to move. So you don't really attach the vinyl to the house—essentially, you hang it.
You generally need galvanized roofing nails, at least 1-¼" long (or long enough to penetrate ¾" into solid wood studs.
Loosly nailed sidingAll vinyl siding and accessories come with slots to nail through. When you nail, you don't drive the nail tight. Some manuals specify that there should be a 1/32" between the head of the nail and the siding, but there's no need to check each nail with a micrometer. If, after you've nailed it, the piece of vinyl will slide back and forth, then you're OK. If not, you've pinned it too tight to the house.
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“In 2012,” writes Greg Beato for The Smart Set, “Ronald McDonald is essentially a clown without a country.” Beato is referring to the rapid modernization of the McDonald’s fast food restaurant chain, which has abandoned the primary-colored, dine-n-ditch, gee-whiz simplicity of its past and embraced chic aesthetics, comfortable ambiance, and more sophisticated flavors. As a symbol of McDonald’s garish past, Ronald is being left by the wayside. Quips Beato, “Amidst the sleek walnut paneling and modernist dining chairs, however, the chain’s longtime mascot looks less like a crown prince than a red-headed stepchild.”
Ronald McDonald’s “job” at the restaurant chain best show’s the company’s changing relationship with its diners. Beato explains Ronald’s career path from burger slinger to what amounts to a community outreach volunteer:
Demoted upwards to Chief Happiness Officer, Ronald has roughly the same job duties as First Lady Michelle Obama. He serves as the public face of Ronald McDonald House Charities, which provides housing to the families of hospitalized children. He promotes literacy. He engages in brief bouts of highly publicized physical activity. But his position with McDonald’s is equally defined by what he’s not allowed to do on behalf of the chain he helped turn into an international superpower. “He does not hawk food,” Jim Skinner insisted at the 2010 shareholder’s meeting. “He never does a hard sell,” reiterated Marlena Peleo-Lazar in [a] USA Today piece.
That only scratches the surface. Beato’s description of Ronald’s history at McDonald’s is well-sourced and extensive—all of it fascinating.
Source: The Smart Set
Image by Valerie Everett, licensed under Creative Commons.
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Stress (mechanics)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Stress (physics))
Jump to: navigation, search
Built-in stress inside a plastic protractor, revealed by its effect on polarized light.
In continuum mechanics, stress is a physical quantity that expresses the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other. For example, when a solid vertical bar is supporting a weight, each particle in the bar pulls on the particles immediately above and below it. When a liquid is under pressure, each particle gets pushed inwards by all the surrounding particles, and, in reaction, pushes them outwards. These forces are actually the average of a very large number of intermolecular forces and collisions between the molecules in those particles.
Stress inside a body may arise by various mechanisms, such as reaction to external forces applied to the bulk material (like gravity) or to its surface (like contact forces, external pressure, or friction). Any strain (deformation) of a solid material generates an internal elastic stress, analogous to the reaction force of a spring, that tends to restore the material to its original undeformed state. In liquids and gases, only deformations that change the volume generate persistent elastic stress. However, if the deformation is gradually changing with time, even in fluids there will usually be some viscous stress, opposing that change. Elastic and viscous stresses are usually combined under the name mechanical stress.
Significant stress may exist even when deformation is negligible (a common assumption when modeling the flow of water) or non-existent. Stress may exist in the absence of external forces; such built-in stress is important, for example, in prestressed concrete and tempered glass. Stress may also be imposed on a material without the application of net forces, for example by changes in temperature or chemical composition, or by external electromagnetic fields (as in piezoelectric and magnetostrictive materials).
The stress across a surface element (yellow disk) is the force that the material on one side (top ball) exerts on the material on the other side (bottom ball), divided by the area of the surface.
Quantitatively, the stress is expressed by the Cauchy traction vector T defined as the traction force F between adjacent parts of the material across an imaginary separating surface S, divided by the area of S.[1]:p.41–50 In a fluid at rest the force is perpendicular to the surface, and is the familiar pressure. In a solid, or in a flow of viscous liquid, the force F may not be perpendicular to S; hence the stress across a surface must be regarded a vector quantity, not a scalar. Moreover, the direction and magnitude generally depend on the orientation of S. Thus the stress state of the material must be described by tensor, called the (Cauchy) stress tensor; which is a linear function that relates the normal vector n of a surface S to the stress T across S. With respect to any chosen coordinate system, the Cauchy stress tensor can be represented as a symmetric matrix of 3x3 real numbers. Even within a homogeneous body, the stress tensor may vary from place to place, and may change over time; therefore, the stress within a material is, in general, a time-varying tensor field.
The relation between mechanical stress, deformation, and the rate of change of deformation can be quite complicated, although a linear approximation may be adequate in practice if the quantities are small enough. Stress that exceeds certain strength limits of the material will result in permanent deformation (such as plastic flow, fracture, cavitation) or even change its crystal structure and chemical composition.
In some branches of engineering, the term stress is occasionally used in a looser sense as a synonym of "internal force". For example, in the analysis of trusses, it may refer to the total traction or compression force acting on a beam, rather than the force divided by the area of its cross-section.
History [edit]
A Roman-era bridge in Switzerland.
Since ancient times humans have been consciously aware of stress inside materials. Until the 17th century the understanding of stress was largely intuitive and empirical; and yet it resulted in some surprisingly sophisticated technology, like the composite bow and glass blowing.
Over several millennia, architects and builders, in particular, learned how to put together carefully shaped wood beams and stone blocks to withstand, transmit, and distribute stress in the most effective manner, with ingenious devices such as the capitals, arches, cupolas, trusses and the flying buttresses of Gothic cathedrals.
Ancient and medieval architects did develop some geometrical methods and simple formulas to compute the proper sizes of pillars and beams, but the scientific understanding of stress became possible only after the necessary tools were invented in the 17th and 18th centuries: Galileo's rigorous experimental method, Descartes's coordinates and analytic geometry, and Newton's laws of motion and equilibrium and calculus of infinitesimals. With those tools, Cauchy was able to give the first rigorous and general mathematical model for stress in a homogeneous medium. Cauchy observed that the force across an imaginary surface was a linear function of its normal vector; and, moreover, that it must be a symmetric function (with zero total momentum).
The understanding of stress in liquids started with Newton himself, who provided a differential formula for friction forces (shear stress) in laminar parallel flow.
Overview [edit]
Definition [edit]
Stress is defined as the average force per unit area that some particle of a body exerts on an adjacent particle, across an imaginary surface that separates them.[2]:p.46–71
Being derived from a fundamental physical quantity (force) and a purely geometrical quantity (area), stress is also a fundamental quantity, like velocity, torque or energy, that can be quantified and analyzed without explicit consideration of the nature of the material or of its physical causes.
Following the basic premises of continuum mechanics, stress is a macroscopic concept. Namely, the particles considered in its definition and analysis should be just small enough to be treated as homogeneous in composition and state, but still large enough to ignore quantum effects and the detailed motions of molecules. Thus, the force between two particles is actually the average of a very large number of atomic forces between their molecules; and physical quantities like mass, velocity, and forces that act through the bulk of three-dimensional bodies, like gravity, are assumed to be smoothly distributed over them.[3]:p.90–106 Depending on the context, one may also assume that the particles are large enough to allow the averaging out of other microscopic features, like the grains of a metal rod or the fibers of a piece of wood.
Normal and shear stress [edit]
In general, the stress T that a particle P applies on another particle Q across a surface S can have any direction relative to S. The vector T may be regarded as the sum of two components: the normal stress (Compression or Tension) perpendicular to the surface, and the shear stress that is parallel to it.
If the normal unit vector n of the surface (pointing from Q towards P) is assumed fixed, the normal component can be expressed by a single number, the dot product T·n. This number will be positive if P is "pulling" on Q (tensile stress), and negative if P is "pushing" against Q (compressive stress) The shear component is then the vector T - (T·n)n.
Units [edit]
The dimension of stress is that of pressure, and therefore its coordinates are commonly measured in the same units as pressure: namely, pascals (Pa, that is, newtons per square metre) in the International System, or pounds per square inch (psi) in the Imperial system.
Causes and effects [edit]
Glass vase with the craquelé effect. The cracks are the result of brief but intense stress created when the semi-molten piece is briefly dipped in water.[4]
Stress in a material body may be due to multiple physical causes, including external influences and internal physical processes. Some of these agents (like gravity, changes in temperature and phase, and electromagnetic fields) act on the bulk of the material, varying continuously with position and time. Other agents (like external loads and friction, ambient pressure, and contact forces) may create stresses and forces that are concentrated on certain surfaces, lines, or points; and possibly also on very short time intervals (as in the impulses due to collisions). In general, the stress distribution in the body is expressed as a piecewise continuous function of space and time.
Conversely, stress is usually correlated with various effects on the material, possibly including changes in physical properties like birefringence, polarization, and permeability. The imposition of stress by an external agent usually creates some strain (deformation) in the material, even if it is too small to be detected. In a solid material, such strain will in turn generate an internal elastic stress, analogous to the reaction force of a stretched spring, tending to restore the material to its original undeformed state. Fluid materials (liquids, gases and plasmas) by definition can only oppose deformations that would change their volume. However, if the deformation is changing with time, even in fluids there will usually be some viscous stress, opposing that change.
The relation between stress and its effects and causes, including deformation and rate of change of deformation, can be quite complicated (although a linear approximation may be adequate in practice if the quantities are small enough). Stress that exceeds certain strength limits of the material will result in permanent deformation (such as plastic flow, fracture, cavitation) or even change its crystal structure and chemical composition.
Simple stresses [edit]
In some situations, the stress within a body may adequately be described by a single number, or by a single vector (a number and a direction). Three such simple stress situations, that are often encountered in engineering design, are the uniaxial normal stress, the simple shear stress, and the isotropic normal stress.[5]
Uniaxial normal stress [edit]
Idealized stress in a straight bar with uniform cross-section.
A common situation with a simple stress pattern is when a straight rod, with uniform material and cross section, is subjected to tension by opposite forces of magnitude F along its axis. If the system is in equilibrium and not changing with time, and the weight of the bar can be neglected, then through each transversal section of the bar the top part must pull on the bottom part with the same force F Therefore the stress throughout the bar, across any horizontal surface, can be described by the number \sigma = F/A, where A is the area of the cross-section.
On the other hand, if one imagines the bar being cut along its length, parallel to the axis, there will be no force (hence no stress) between the two halves across the cut.
This type of stress may be called (simple) normal stress or uniaxial stress; specifically, (uniaxial, simple, etc.) tensile stress.[5] If the load is compression on the bar, rather than stretching it, the analysis is the same except that the force F and the stress \sigma change sign, and the stress is called compressive stress.
The ratio \sigma = F/A may be only an average stress. The stress may be unevenly distributed over the cross section (mm), especially near the attachment points (nn).
This analysis assumes the stress is evenly distributed over the entire cross-section. In practice, depending on how the bar is attached at the ends and how it was manufactured, this assumption may not be valid. In that case, the value \sigma = F/A will be only the average stress, called engineering stress or nominal stress. However, if the bar's length L is many times its diameter D, and it has no gross defects or built-in stress, then the stress can be assumed to be uniformly distributed over any cross-section that is more than a few times D from both ends. (This observation is known as the Saint-Venant's principle).
Normal stress occurs in many other situations besides axial tension and compression. If an elastic bar with uniform and symmetric cross-section is bent in one of its planes of symmetry, the resulting bending stress will still be normal (perpendicular to the cross-section), but will vary over the cross section: the outer part will be under tensile stress, while the inner part will be compressed. Another variant of normal stress is the hoop stress that occurs on the walls of a cylindrical pipe or vessel filled with pressurized fluid.
Simple shear stress [edit]
Shear stress in a horizontal bar loaded by two offset blocks.
Another simple type of stress occurs when a uniformly thick layer of elastic material like glue or rubber is firmly attached to two stiff bodies that are pulled in opposite directions by forces parallel to the layer; or a section of a soft metal bar that is being cut by the jaws of a scissors-like tool. Let F be the magnitude of those forces, and M be the midplane of that layer. Just as in the normal stress case, the part of the layer on one side of M must pull the other part with the same force F. Assuming that the direction of the forces is known, the stress across M can be expressed by the single number \tau = F/A, where F is the magnitude of those forces and A is the area of the layer.
However, unlike normal stress, this simple shear stress is directed parallel to the cross-section considered, rather than perpendicular to it.[5] For any plane S that is perpendicular to the layer, the net internal force across S, and hence the stress, will be zero.
As in the case of an axially loaded bar, in practice the shear stress may not be uniformly distributed over the layer; so, as before, the ratio F/A will only be an average ("nominal", "engineering") stress. However, that average is often sufficient for practical purposes.[6]:p.292 Shear stress is observed also when a cyindrical bar such as a shaft is subjected to opposite torques at its ends. In that case, the shear stress on each cross-section is parallel to the cross-section, but oriented tangentially relative to the axis, and increases with distance from the axis. Significant shear stress occurs in the middle plate (the "web") of I-beams under bending loads, due to the web constraining the end plates ("flanges").
Isotropic stress [edit]
Isotropic tensile stress. Top left: Each face of a cube of homogeneous material is pulled by a force with magnitude F, applied evenly over the entire face whose area is A. The force across any section S of the cube must balance the forces applied below the section. In the three sections shown, the forces are F (top right), F\sqrt{2} (bottom left), and F\sqrt{3}/2 (bottom right); and the area of S is A, A\sqrt{2} and A\sqrt{3}/2, respectively. So the stress across S is F/A in all three cases.
Another simple type of stress occurs when the material body is under equal compression or tension in all directions. This is the case, for example, in a portion of liquid or gas at rest, whether enclosed in some container or as part of a larger mass of fluid; or inside a cube of elastic material that is being pressed or pulled on all six faces by equal perpendicular forces — provided, in both cases, that the material is homogeneous, without built-in stress, and that the effect of gravity and other external forces can be neglected.
In these situations, the stress across any imaginary internal surface turns out to be equal in magnitude and always directed perpendicularly to the surface independently of the surface's orientation. This type of stress may be called isotropic normal or just isotropic; if it is compressive, it is called hydrostatic pressure or just pressure. Gases by definition cannot withstand tensile stresses, but liquids may withstand very small amounts of isotropic tensile stress.
Cylinder stresses [edit]
Parts with rotational symmetry, such as wheels, axles, pipes, and pillars, are very common in engineering. Often the stress patterns that occur in such parts have rotational or even cylindrical symmetry. The analysis of such cylinder stresses can take advantage of the symmetry to reduce the dimension of the domain and/or of the stress tensor.
General stress [edit]
Often, mechanical bodies experience more than one type of stress at the same time; this is called combined stress. In normal and shear stress, the magnitude of the stress is maximum for surfaces that are perpendicular to a certain direction d, and zero across any surfaces that are parallel to d. When the stress is zero only across surfaces that are perpendicular to one particular direction, the stress is called biaxial, and can be viewed as the sum of two normal or shear stresses. In the most general case, called triaxial stress, the stress is nonzero across every surface element.
The Cauchy stress tensor [edit]
Illustration of typical stresses (arrows) across various surface elements on the boundary of a particle (sphere), in a homogeneous material under uniform (but not isotropic) triaxial stress. The normal stresses on the principal axes are +5, +2, and −3 units.
Combined stresses cannot be described by a single vector. Even if the material is stressed in the same way throughout the volume of the body, the stress across any imaginary surface will depend on the orientation of that surface, in a non-trivial way.
However, Cauchy observed that the stress vector T across a surface will always be a linear function of the surface's normal vector n, the unit-length vector that is perpendicular to it. That is, T = \boldsymbol{\sigma}(n), where the function \boldsymbol{\sigma} satisfies
\boldsymbol{\sigma}(\alpha u + \beta v) = \alpha\boldsymbol{\sigma}(u) + \beta\boldsymbol{\sigma}(v)
for any vectors u,v and any real numbers \alpha,\beta. The function \boldsymbol{\sigma}, now called the (Cauchy) stress tensor, completely describes the stress state of a uniformly stressed body. (Today, any linear connection between two physical vector quantities is called a tensor, reflecting Cauchy's original use to describe the "tensions" (stresses) in a material.) In tensor calculus, \boldsymbol{\sigma} is classified as second-order tensor of type (0,2).
Like any linear map between vectors, the stress tensor can be represented in any chosen Cartesian coordinate system by a 3×3 matrix of real numbers. Depending on whether the coordinates are numbered x_1,x_2,x_3 or named x,y,z, the matrix may be written as
\sigma _{11} & \sigma _{12} & \sigma _{13} \\
\sigma _{21} & \sigma _{22} & \sigma _{23} \\
\sigma _{31} & \sigma _{32} & \sigma _{33}
\sigma _{xx} & \sigma _{xy} & \sigma _{xz} \\
\sigma _{yx} & \sigma _{yy} & \sigma _{yz} \\
\sigma _{zx} & \sigma _{zy} & \sigma _{zz} \\
The stress vector T = \boldsymbol{\sigma}(n) across a surface with normal vector n with coordinates n_1,n_2,n_3 is then a matrix product T = \boldsymbol{\sigma} n, that is
\begin{bmatrix} T_1\\T_2 \\ T_3 \end{bmatrix} =
\sigma_{11} & \sigma_{21} & \sigma_{31} \\
\sigma_{12} & \sigma_{22} & \sigma_{32} \\
\sigma_{13} & \sigma_{23} & \sigma_{33}
\begin{bmatrix} n_1\\n_2 \\ n_3 \end{bmatrix}
The linear relation between T and n follows from the fundamental laws of conservation of linear momentum and static equilibrium of forces, and is therefore mathematically exact, for any material and any stress situation. The components of the Cauchy stress tensor at every point in a material satisfy the equilibrium equations (Cauchy’s equations of motion for zero acceleration). Moreover, the principle of conservation of angular momentum implies that the stress tensor is symmetric, that is \sigma_{12} = \sigma_{21}, \sigma_{13} = \sigma_{31}, and \sigma_{23} = \sigma_{32} . Therefore, the stress state of the medium at any point and instant can be specified by only six independent parameters, rather than nine. These may be written
\sigma_x & \tau_{xy} & \tau_{xz} \\
\tau_{xy} & \sigma_y & \tau_{yz} \\
\tau_{xz} & \tau_{yz} & \sigma_z
where the elements \sigma_x,\sigma_y,\sigma_z are called the orthogonal normal stresses (relative to the chosen coordinate system), and \tau_{xy}, \tau_{xz},\tau_{yz} the orthogonal shear stresses.
Change of coordinates [edit]
The Cauchy stress tensor obeys the tensor transformation law under a change in the system of coordinates. A graphical representation of this transformation law is the Mohr's circle of stress distribution.
As a symmetric 3×3 real matrix, the stress tensor \boldsymbol{\sigma} has three mutually orthogonal unit-length eigenvectors e_1,e_2,e_3 and three real eigenvalues \lambda_1,\lambda_2,\lambda_3, such that \boldsymbol{\sigma} e_i = \lambda_i e_i. Therefore, in a coordinate system with axes e_1,e_2,e_3, the stress tensor is a diagonal matrix, and has only the three normal components \lambda_1,\lambda_2,\lambda_3 the principal stresses. If the three eigenvalues are equal, the stress is an isotropic compression or tension, always perpendicular to any surface; there is no shear stress, and the tensor is a diagonal matrix in any coordinate frame.
Stress as a tensor field [edit]
In general, stress is not uniformly distributed over a material body, and may vary with time. Therefore the stress tensor must be defined for each point and each moment, by considering an infinitesimal particle of the medium surrounding that point, and taking the average stresses in that particle as being the stresses at the point.
Stress in thin plates [edit]
A tank car made from bent and welded steel plates.
Man-made objects are often made from stock plates of various materials by operations that do not change their essentially two-dimensional character, like cutting, drilling, gentle bending and welding along the edges. The description of stress in such bodies can be simplified by modeling those parts as two-dimensional surfaces rather than three-dimensional bodies.
In that view, one redefines a "particle" as being an infinitesimal patch of the plate's surface, so that the boundary between adjacent particles becomes an infinitesimal line element; both are implicitly extended in the third dimension, straight through the plate. "Stress" is then redefined as being a measure of the internal forces between two adjacent "particles" across their common line element, divided by the length of that line. Some components of the stress tensor can be ignored, but since particles are not infinitesimal in the third dimension one can no longer ignore the torque that a particle applies on its neighbors. That torque is modeled as a bending stress that tends to change the curvature of the plate. However, these simplifications may not hold at welds, at sharp bends and creases (where the radius of curvature is comparable to the thickness of the plate).
Stress in thin beams [edit]
For stress modeling, a fishing pole may be considered one-dimensional.
The analysis of stress can be considerably simplified also for thin bars, beams or wires of uniform (or smoothly varying) composition and cross-section that are subjected to moderate bending and twisting. For those bodies may consider only cross-sections that are perpendicular to the bar's axis, and redefine a "particle" as being a piece of wire with infinitesimal length between two such cross sections. The ordinary stress is then reduced to a scalar (tension or compression of the bar), but one must take into account also a bending stress (that tries to change the bar's curvature, in some direction perpendicular to the axis) and a torsional stress (that tries to twist or un-twist it about its axis).
Other descriptions of stress [edit]
The Cauchy stress tensor is used for stress analysis of material bodies experiencing small deformations where the differences in stress distribution in most cases can be neglected. For large deformations, also called finite deformations, other measures of stress, such as the first and second Piola–Kirchhoff stress tensors, the Biot stress tensor, and the Kirchhoff stress tensor, are required.
Solids, liquids, and gases have stress fields. Static fluids support normal stress but will flow under shear stress. Moving viscous fluids can support shear stress (dynamic pressure). Solids can support both shear and normal stress, with ductile materials failing under shear and brittle materials failing under normal stress. All materials have temperature dependent variations in stress-related properties, and non-Newtonian materials have rate-dependent variations.
Stress analysis [edit]
Stress analysis is a branch of applied physics that covers the determination of the internal distribution of stresses in solid objects. It is an essential tool in engineering for the study and design of structures such as tunnels, dams, mechanical parts, and structural frames, under prescribed or expected loads. It is also important in many other disciplines; for example, in geology, to study phenomena like plate tectonics, vulcanism and avalanches; and in biology, to understand the anatomy of living beings.
Goals and assumptions [edit]
Stress analysis is generally concerned with objects and structures that can be assumed to be in macroscopic static equilibrium. By Newton's laws of motion, any external forces are being applied to such a system must be balanced by internal reaction forces,[7]:p.97 which are almost always surface contact forces between adjacent particles — that is, as stress.[1] Since every particle needs to be in equilibrium, this reaction stress will generally propagate from particle, creating a stress distribution throughout the body.
The typical problem in stress analysis is to determine these internal stresses, given the external forces that are acting on the system. The latter may be body forces (such as gravity or magnetic attraction), that act throughout the volume of a material;[8]:p.42–81 or concentrated loads (such as friction between an axle and a bearing, or the weight of a train wheel on a rail), that are imagined to act over a two-dimensional area, or along a line, or at single point.
In stress analysis one normally disregards the physical causes of the forces or the precise nature of the materials. Instead, one assumes that the stresses are related to deformation (and, in non-static problems, to the rate of deformation) of the material by known constitutive equations.[9]
Methods [edit]
Stress analysis may be carried out experimentally, by applying loads to the actual artifact or to scale model, and measuring the resulting stresses, by any of several available methods. This approach is often used for safety certification and monitoring. However, most stress analysis is done by mathematical methods, especially during design.
The basic stress analysis problem can be formulated by Euler's equations of motion for continuous bodies (which are consequences of Newton's laws for conservation of linear momentum and angular momentum) and the Euler-Cauchy stress principle, together with the appropriate constitutive equations. Thus one obtains a system of partial differential equations involving the stress tensor field and the strain tensor field, as unknown functions to be determined. The external body forces appear as the independent ("right-hand side") term in the differential equations, while the concentrated forces appear as boundary conditions. The basic stress analysis problem is therefore a boundary-value problem.
Stress analysis for elastic structures is based on the theory of elasticity and infinitesimal strain theory. When the applied loads cause permanent deformation, one must use more complicated constitutive equations, that can account for the physical processes involved (plastic flow, fracture, phase change, etc.).
However, engineered structures are usually designed so that the maximum expected stresses are well within the range of linear elasticity (the generalization of Hooke’s law for continuous media); that is, the deformations caused by internal stresses are linearly related to them. In this case the differential equations that define the stress tensor are linear, and the problem becomes much easier. For one thing, the stress at any point will be a linear function of the loads, too. For small enough stresses, even non-linear systems can usually be assumed to be linear.
Simplified model of a truss for stress analysis, assuming unidimensional elements under uniform axial tension or compression.
Stress analysis is simplified when the physical dimensions and the distribution of loads allow the structure to be treated as one- or two-dimensional. In the analysis of trusses, for example, the stress field may be assumed to be uniform and uniaxial over each member. Then the differential equations reduce to a finite set of equations (usually linear) with finitely many unknowns. In other contexts one may be able to reduce the three-dimensional problem to a two-dimensional one, and/or replace the general stress and strain tensors by simpler models like uniaxial tension/compression, simple shear, etc.
Still, for two- or three-dimensional cases one must solve a partial differential equation problem. Anlytical or closed-form solutions to the differential equations can be obtained when the geometry, constitutive relations, and boundary conditions are simple enough. Otherwise one must generally resort to numerical approximations such as the finite element method, the finite difference method, and the boundary element method.
Theoretical background [edit]
The mathematical description of stress is founded on Euler's laws for the motion of continuous bodies. They can be derived from Newton's laws, but may also be taken as axioms describing the motions of such bodies.[10]
Alternative measures of stress [edit]
Other useful stress measures include the first and second Piola–Kirchhoff stress tensors, the Biot stress tensor, and the Kirchhoff stress tensor.
Piola–Kirchhoff stress tensor [edit]
In the case of finite deformations, the Piola–Kirchhoff stress tensors express the stress relative to the reference configuration. This is in contrast to the Cauchy stress tensor which expresses the stress relative to the present configuration. For infinitesimal deformations or rotations, the Cauchy and Piola–Kirchhoff tensors are identical.
Whereas the Cauchy stress tensor, \boldsymbol{\sigma} relates stresses in the current configuration, the deformation gradient and strain tensors are described by relating the motion to the reference configuration; thus not all tensors describing the state of the material are in either the reference or current configuration. Describing the stress, strain and deformation either in the reference or current configuration would make it easier to define constitutive models (for example, the Cauchy Stress tensor is variant to a pure rotation, while the deformation strain tensor is invariant; thus creating problems in defining a constitutive model that relates a varying tensor, in terms of an invariant one during pure rotation; as by definition constitutive models have to be invariant to pure rotations). The 1st Piola–Kirchhoff stress tensor, \boldsymbol{P} is one possible solution to this problem. It defines a family of tensors, which describe the configuration of the body in either the current or the reference state.
The 1st Piola–Kirchhoff stress tensor, \boldsymbol{P} relates forces in the present configuration with areas in the reference ("material") configuration.
\boldsymbol{P} = J~\boldsymbol{\sigma}~\boldsymbol{F}^{-T} ~
where \boldsymbol{F} is the deformation gradient and J= \det\boldsymbol{F} is the Jacobian determinant.
In terms of components with respect to an orthonormal basis, the first Piola–Kirchhoff stress is given by
P_{iL} = J~\sigma_{ik}~F^{-1}_{Lk} = J~\sigma_{ik}~\cfrac{\partial X_L}{\partial x_k}~\,\!
Because it relates different coordinate systems, the 1st Piola–Kirchhoff stress is a two-point tensor. In general, it is not symmetric. The 1st Piola–Kirchhoff stress is the 3D generalization of the 1D concept of engineering stress.
If the material rotates without a change in stress state (rigid rotation), the components of the 1st Piola–Kirchhoff stress tensor will vary with material orientation.
The 1st Piola–Kirchhoff stress is energy conjugate to the deformation gradient.
2nd Piola–Kirchhoff stress tensor [edit]
Whereas the 1st Piola–Kirchhoff stress relates forces in the current configuration to areas in the reference configuration, the 2nd Piola–Kirchhoff stress tensor \boldsymbol{S} relates forces in the reference configuration to areas in the current configuration. The force in the reference configuration is obtained via a mapping that preserves the relative relationship between the force direction and the area normal in the current configuration.
\boldsymbol{S} = J~\boldsymbol{F}^{-1}\cdot\boldsymbol{\sigma}\cdot\boldsymbol{F}^{-T} ~.
In index notation with respect to an orthonormal basis,
S_{IL}=J~F^{-1}_{Ik}~F^{-1}_{Lm}~\sigma_{km} = J~\cfrac{\partial X_I}{\partial x_k}~\cfrac{\partial X_L}{\partial x_m}~\sigma_{km} \!\,\!
This tensor is symmetric.
If the material rotates without a change in stress state (rigid rotation), the components of the 2nd Piola–Kirchhoff stress tensor remain constant, irrespective of material orientation.
The 2nd Piola–Kirchhoff stress tensor is energy conjugate to the Green–Lagrange finite strain tensor.
See also [edit]
Further reading [edit]
References [edit]
1. ^ a b I-Shih Liu (2002), "Continuum Mechanics". Springer ISBN 3-540-43019-9
2. ^ Wai-Fah Chen and Da-Jian Han (2007), "Plasticity for Structural Engineers". J. Ross Publishing ISBN 1-932159-75-4
3. ^ Peter Chadwick (1999), "Continuum Mechanics: Concise Theory and Problems". Dover Publications, series "Books on Physics". ISBN 0-486-40180-4. pages
4. ^ (2009) The art of making glass. Lamberts Glashütte (LambertsGlas) product brochure. Accessed on 2013-02-08.
5. ^ a b c Ronald L. Huston and Harold Josephs (2009), "Practical Stress Analysis in Engineering Design". 3rd edition, CRC Press, 634 pages. ISBN 9781574447132
6. ^ Walter D. Pilkey, Orrin H. Pilkey (1974), "Mechanics of solids" (book)
7. ^ Donald Ray Smith and Clifford Truesdell (1993) "An Introduction to Continuum Mechanics after Truesdell and Noll". Springer. ISBN 0-7923-2454-4
8. ^ Fridtjov Irgens (2008), "Continuum Mechanics". Springer. ISBN 3-540-74297-2
9. ^ Slaughter
10. ^ Jacob Lubliner (2008). "Plasticity Theory" (revised edition). Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-46290-0
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Understanding Video Terms
Home Theater Feature Articles Video Related Articles
Written by Mike Levy
Thursday, 01 September 2005
AV Education on RHT
Understanding Video Terms
Written by Mike Levy
General Video TermsTypes of Video DisplaysAdvanced Terms
ScreensVideo Maladies
eneral Video Terms
Contrast is the difference in brightness between dark and light parts of the screen.
Contrast Ratio is measured by comparing the brightest white to the darkest black available on a screen. This is not the same as the contrast control, which alters the level of white on the screen.
Brightness is the absolute light output of a screen. This should not be confused with the brightness control, which adjusts the level of black on a screen.
Tint is color balance. Most tint controls allow you to adjust the red/blue levels.
Black Level is the darkest black on the screen; it can be altered by the brightness controls.
Absolute Black is the level of black when all lights are off and the power is off.
Gray Scale is the reproduction of various levels of light output. A well-defined gray scale will have many levels of gray from black to white and look continuous.
RGB simply stands for Red, Green and Blue, the primary colors of the video world. An RGB connection sends each color separately.
ypes of Video Displays
CRT Stands for Cathode Ray Tube, utilized by the ancient old-style vacuum tube TVs.
DLP stands for Digital Light Processing, and is a proprietary name for the micro-mirror imaging chips made by Texas Instruments.
D-ILA Stands for Digital Image Light Amplification and is a proprietary name for the JVC version of reflective LCD panels.
LCOS stands for Liquid Crystal Oxides on Silicon, which is another method of creating reflective LCD projectors.
Plasma is a gas of ionized particles, used in flat panel sets to create light.
LCD stands for Liquid Crystal Display. Polarized liquid crystals of Silicon are electro-statically controlled to variably block light and create an image.
Big Screen is a much-maligned term. Anything over 32 inches is considered a big screen, but in my mind, a big screen is one that is so large it dominates the room it is in. Rear-projection TVs are often called big screens at retailers.
Analog Projector is the old-school, three-tube CRT type of video projectors.
Digital Projector is any projector that cuts the picture up into individually accessed pixels. All digital projectors presently use an imaging chip and a bulb.
ore Advanced Terms
Throw Distance is the ratio of the width or diagonal of a screen to the distance a particular projector must be placed from that screen. It is essential to know the throw distance of a projector before you purchase one, so that you can determine if and where it will fit into your theater.
Keystone is the angling of the sides of the image, so that one end is narrower or wider than the other. You adjust a keystone control on a projector until the sides are parallel to each other.
Gamma is the control of gray scale light values. A true gamma is linear, but most display devices have several gammas available to allow the user to adjust the dynamics of the image.
Video Screen: The screen is presently used as the generic name for where the image is displayed. It originally meant the white surface onto which a movie was projected.
Gray Screen: Gray screens are used to increase the black level on digitally projected images. These are popular with some DLP and LCD projectors.
Roll-Down Screen: A roll-down screen is automated to unfurl on command. Roll-down screens definitely add “wow” factor in any home theater.
Perforated Screen: The movie industry standard is a perforated screen through which the sound passes. The holes are small enough to allow most of the light to be reflected, but large enough to allow most of the sound through. Perf screens are not too common in home theater applications, unless the system very large in scale.
Fixed Screen is a permanently installed screen.
Painted Screen is a screen that is actually painted on a wall surface or board that is suitable for video reproduction. This is the most cost-effective screen.
Masking is the use of black to block out the screen at its edges.
Auto-Masking is when the masking for different aspect ratios is programmed into a display unit so it can be done automatically.
Aspect Ratio is the ratio of the width to the height of any screen. 4:3 is the standard for traditional TV, which is squarer. 16x9 is the most common, more rectangular image found in movie and home theaters.
Widescreen refers to any screen with an aspect ratio greater than 4x3.
4x3 is more square shape of traditional NTSC televisions. 4:3 is being quickly replaced by HDTVs, but unfortunately, much of the content created today is still in 4:3. This requires many HDTV users to zoom or squeeze their picture to fit their more rectangular 16x9 TVs.
16x9 is the HDTV aspect ratio common for movies. There are other aspect ratios that are used but are normally slight variations of the 16x9 format. These more obscure aspect ratios show up as black lines over and under the image.
Anamorphic Screen: This is a set-up available on DVD sources where, rather than losing the detail available in the 4x3 image when viewing a 16x9 movie, the movie is put on the DVD using all of the vertical detail. The image is then squeezed down to 16x9 by the display device.
ideo Maladies
Moire (or Moray) Pattern is a pattern of lines and colors caused by defects in decoding small details.
Dot Crawl is when a small detail on an image moves between two pixels, jumping from one to the other, rather than moving smoothly. This is caused by an image that is small enough relative to the pixel density of the display device to jog between pixels.
Rainbow Effect is a video artifact that looks like a rainbow, caused by defects in the analog decoding of the color information.
Convergence is the bringing together of the red, green and blue images to create full color at any point on the screen. The convergence is correct when a white dot shows no hint of color anywhere on the screen.
Blooming is caused by poorly controlled power supplies on CRT display devices. The effect looks like bright images expanding in size.
Fluorescent Colors are oversaturated colors that are caused by poorly set display devices or nonstandard primary colors.
Hot Spots are areas on the screen that are brighter than the rest of the screen.
This list of often confusing or misunderstood terms should set a base of knowledge for you to be able to talk video with the geekiest of geeks at your local retailer. If you were to set down a list of definitions of these terms in front of many AV salespeople, it’s likely you might know more terms than they do.
Remember video is like computers in that there will always be the next latest-and-greatest format. The time to pull the trigger is when you find a picture that you can live with for a good number of years at a price you can afford. Changing out your TV or projector every six months is too costly for even the most rabid videophile. Make sure you get the brightest, highest contrast and overall most lifelike-looking video display you can afford and you simply cannot go wrong.
4x3 Brightness Fluorescent Colors Painted Screen
16x9 Contrast Gamma Perforated Screen
Absolute Black Contrast Ratio Gray Scale Plasma
Analog Projector Convergence Gray Screen Rainbow Effect
Anamorphic Screen CRT Hot Spots RGB
Aspect Ratio D-ILA Keystone Roll-Down Screen
Auto-Masking Digital Projector LCD Throw Distance
Big Screen DLP LCOS Tint
Black Level Dot Crawl Masking Video Screen
Blooming Fixed Screen Moire Widescreen
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The Global Urbanist
News and analysis of cities around the world
Seeking a global urban agenda: The Global Urbanist Debates
The Global Urbanist Debates: Setting the Global Urban Agenda was held in London last week. Who sets the global urban agenda? What are the world's urban priorities? What should they be? Three international experts and a roomful of readers battled out these questions and more.
Cities: Tokyo, London
Topics: Property and rights, Private sector governance, City politics, Property and real estate, Poverty and inequality, International governance, International development
From left to right, Yusaf Samiullah speaks to the topic 'Setting the Global Urban Agenda' at the inaugural 'The Global Urbanist Debates' in London, as Alan Gilbert, Geoffrey Payne and Kerwin Datu listen on. Photo: Rowan Hand
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Last Monday in London, The Global Urbanist invited three speakers as well as a roomful of urbanists to discuss the topic of the global urban agenda. It was the first in what we hope will become a series of events in which professional members of the global urban development community discuss issues of fundamental importance to all urban areas.
Speaking were three intellectual leaders in their respective sectors: Professor Alan Gilbert, Emeritus Professor of Geography at University College London, an expert on urbanisation and poverty in Latin America and South Africa; Dr. Yusaf Samiullah OBE, former Deputy Director and Head of Profession (Infrastructure) at the United Kingdom Department for International Development (DfID) and now operating independently through Y&D International Consulting; and Geoffrey Payne, Director of Geoffrey Payne & Associates, consultants renowned in the fields of housing, land rights, and urban policy. The evening was supported by the development NGO Article 25 and the architectural office Pringle Brandon.
We asked them a handful of simple questions about the management of cities. Who sets the global urban agenda? What is it? What about it should change? Their responses were each unexpected in some way, precisely targeting the structure of urban politics common to most cities and the framework of international cooperation that intervenes within them.
How could the Chinese be so daft as to get rid of all those lovely bicycles in order to have traffic congestion, to pollute their air? It's a lobby ...
Who sets the global urban agenda? What is it?
Gilbert argued that with urban areas accounting for 3.5 billion people, the idea of a coherent global urban agenda is about as nebulous as a global agenda per se. There cannot be one agenda because, for example, "London's needs are very different to Addis Ababa's".
Samiullah disagreed on this point, suggesting that "the human condition is common to all of us. We all want to see our children outlive us; we want them to get a reasonable education and employment, we want a roof over our heads in our old age, we want to be free from persecution and threats," and that these common threads run throughout the urban agenda. Samiullah pointed to 19th century Tokyo, a landscape with rail lines, commercial streets, and rickshaws, just like 21st century London, which now has bicycle rickshaws peddling (!) along Oxford Street. "There's a basic framework that exists from the 19th through to the 21st century."
On the specifics of the agenda, Gilbert proposed that many cities are doing similar things, not because of a common agenda, but because powerful lobbies operate in each sector pushing for the same programmes. "Why are so many governments around the world pushing for home ownership? It's because the real estate lobby prefers home ownership to rental housing. It's more profitable, it's easier to make money out of, because you make money out of the land and the building, and often the financing as well."
Gilbert continued, "big cities are supposed to have underground railways. Why? Because the French and Spanish companies that have experience in building underground railways are pushing very hard for these things to be done. 'Every city with more than three million people has an underground these days, what sort of city are you that hasn't?' they argue."
Similar sector-based lobbies push for the privatisation of water infrastructure, and for the expansion of a city's private car fleet. "How could the Chinese be so daft as to get rid of all those lovely bicycles in order to have traffic congestion, to pollute their air? It's a lobby there as well."
What gets left out, according to Gilbert, are policies addressing urban poverty and inequality, policies for unemployment, for the very old and the very young, and for the physical environment.
Payne agreed when it comes to urban poverty: "It seems that in many countries, the elites are either in denial, or they're anti poor. A permanent secretary once said to me, 'I've been listening very patiently, but if we help improve living conditions for the urban poor, we'll only attract more of them.'" Payne had to explain that their policies had adopted exactly that attitude for the past thirty years and it hadn't stopped them coming, so perhaps they should embrace the inevitable and help the poor.
"We're looking at a situation where the established urban populations have got it nicely sorted for themselves, and of course want servants and the facilities and services that the poor provide, but don't actually want the poor that provide them. This forces the poor into the very situations that the elites are concerned about. We're forcing the poor into situations by neglect or unsympathetic, inappropriate policies, and then they become the scapegoats or the victims."
What is the role of the international institutions?
Gilbert and Payne were both more sympathetic to the World Bank than a lot of urbanists can be. Gilbert believed that "they do try, and I think genuinely, to convey best practice, but most of it is ignored by governments unless it happens to be locally conveniently. Most important however, the big countries of the world where it is the most important to follow the better teachings of the World Bank, ignore it. China, Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, India, basically ignore the Bank and increasingly do not borrow from it, because it no longer gives better deals than the commercial banks, and even worse, makes a fuss that governments do certain things [policy-wise]. Most of the bigger countries have realised that the World Bank needs them more than they need the World Bank."
Payne had much to say about donors such as DfID. Speaking out of sadness rather than anger, he said that "DfID is suffering from institutional Alzheimers - it's even forgotten the good things it used to do." It has gone away from funding lots of small research projects, preferring to fund massive research projects involving large consortia of research teams for three to five years. "What is going to come out of a three million pound research project compared to ten projects of £300,000 or a hundred projects of £30,000?"
Payne argued that "donors have relied far too much on simplistic solutions to complex problems." He discussed the example of land titling, much promoted by Peruvian economist Hernando de Soto, in which giving poor families formal title to the land they live in "is supposed to enliven their dead capital." Payne declared that "we have not found any significant evidence that it gives any significant access to credit. For the very simple reason that for any financial institution with integrity, the first question is, 'can you pay the loan back?' Only if it can answer that question does the question of collateral come into it."
Payne "worries about how the donor community defines value for money." Samiullah agrees, "it's going to be ever so hard to get the money to deal with urban areas, because the impacts are too hard to measure."
Samiullah advised that one of the best things the international sector can do, especially in the face of the lobbies Gilbert described, is to "help countries negotiate better deals with those who have the money." He noted Chinese investments in Africa, where countries had not simply ignored the World Bank but had struck deals that suited them better. He worried that some countries weren't well enough advised to do a good deal, and that this may be what undermines the developmental potential of those projects.
This can be at the community or individual level as well. NGOs working at the grassroots can help broker better deals for individuals, for example in infrastructure projects. "It is generally politicians who are unwilling to charge for basic services, rather than people who are unwilling to pay, in my experience. Actually they're already paying, sometimes 3, 4, 5, 6 times more than they should do, to some intermediary providing water in unsanitary containers." This is one place where the international sector can step in and help structure better deals to finance service delivery.
On the intellectual side of the institutions, Payne hoped that "UN-HABITAT will move away from merely justifying their existence with report after report." And Gilbert suggested that "for every best practice published, there should be a worst practice as well. What did they do, why was it such a disaster, and please don't try to repeat it!"
The role of politics
In the end urban policy is a question of politics. Gilbert can see little change happening other than through the steady improvement of democratic processes. "It helps if you vote for decent prime ministers, mayors, etc.; there's some hope that well-directed protests will influence people; and I hope that education has a benefit, but I suspect that once my students get into the real world they change their thinking to promote their own careers, rather than what I hope they really believe in," he chuckles.
Payne argued that "because 'urban' is political, because land is political, and because urban land is particularly political, people are wary of working in the urban sector." He advises policymakers and practitioners to "by all means, be careful, but be risk aware, not risk averse."
He proposes a "political economy approach", in which one identifies which groups will benefit from any proposed change, which groups would be inert or resistant, and to structure projects to address the legitimate concerns that resistant groups will have." The international community needs to "encourage the professions to work together, and encourage local authorities to learn from each other. The ones that are doing well need to mentor the others."
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http://globalurbanist.com/2011/11/22/the-global-urbanist-debates
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Caregiver characteristics and experiences: Their effects on the probability of nursing home admission
Date of Award
Degree Type
Degree Name
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Social Sciences
Vernon L. Greene
elder care
Subject Categories
Family, Life Course, and Society | Social Welfare | Sociology
The demand for long-term care is projected to increase dramatically as the United States experiences the aging of its population, particularly as the baby boom generation reaches the age of requiring long term care. Traditionally, families have been a major source of informal support, often making it possible for an impaired elderly person to stay out of an institution. However, the willingness and capability of providing elderly care is decreasing, primarily due to demographic trends such as a decrease in kin availability and secondarily due to socioeconomic trends such as an increase in female labor force participation and a decrease in family solidarity. Also, due to a downsized economy, social programs for the elderly are not keeping up with the increasing demand for long-term care services.
Without agreement on how to share the caregiving burden between society and family, cost containment becomes a popular option in formulating long-term care policies. Increasingly, family caregiving, considered to be an act of love and affection, is encouraged and often enforced. The myth that adult children do not provide the same total parent care now as in the "good old days", while they are capable of doing more, is used to justify the inadequacy of social services which could share or relieve unrelenting stress on caregivers. More often, the personal costs borne by the caregivers are properly not taken into account.
In predicting the probability of nursing home admission, along with the carereceivers' characteristics, the present study considers the caregivers' willingness and ability to continue to provide care in a novel way. By investigating the caregivers' felt burden and role conflict, this study focuses on how the social, emotional, and psychological circumstances of a caregiver affect a family's decision to institutionalize. Logit regression is used to estimate the probability of nursing home admission. Data sources are from the 1982-1984 National Long-Term Care Channeling Demonstration (NLTCCD). Finally, this paper will explore policy implications based on the findings of this study.
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| 437
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An Open Source Social Enterprise
The Academy of the Impossible is an open source social enterprise. I love that sentence, but what does it mean? Let's break it down.
Open source is a concept that helps define a relationship with transparency and intellectual property.
Open is one of the primary virtues of the internet, an embrace of transparency and the desire to share. The hope that through openness new people and ideas will emerge to make any project better.
Source generally refers to source code, but also implies where you're coming from, and what you use to build your project. It speaks to the role of intellectual property, and in this context the lack of secrecy or exclusivity when it comes to the ideas that are being tested and employed.
A social enterprise is a fusion of non-profit and for-profit business models that leverages the benefits of either entity to achieve a broader social goal.
Social, like open, is a primary virtue of the internet, and speaks to what motivates us, but also where technology and education are best focused. Social metrics and goals define us as an organization above and beyond any economic ones.
Enterprise speaks to the desire to boldly go where others have dared not. To venture into the domain of hope and potential and find a new means of sharing prosperity and discovery.
As an open source social enterprise we mix all sorts of organizational and operational elements that we feel best match our desires to achieve and share the impossible. We embrace transparency, so others may learn and do differently. We want independence and autonomy so will seek multiple revenue sources, focus on sustainability, and have a mixed bottom-line, defining ourselves as a social enterprise.
For example the Academy is incubated by, a for-profit corporation, but is also supported by and includes the Street Writers, who are a not-for-profit. Some of the students of the Academy will focus on the development of their professional careers or businesses, others will focus on campaigns, and community organizations.
We feel that this mixed approach matches our embrace of mixed media and our desire for diversity.
We all stand on the shoulders of giants as we reach for the stars.
—Red Queen, Alice in Wonderland
“Be Realistic:
Demand the Impossible"
—political slogan used by
the Situationists in 1968
“Let's set our sights beyond the abominations of today to divine another possible world.”
—Eduardo Galeano
- Muhammad Ali
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| 359
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Durham e-Theses
You are in:
The orthodox patristic teaching on the human embryo and the ethical repercussions on abortion and related issues
Televantos, FR Anastasios (1998) The orthodox patristic teaching on the human embryo and the ethical repercussions on abortion and related issues. Masters thesis, Durham University.
Abortion and related issues have caused a conflict between Medical progress and Religious ethics. Historically, the life of the embryo was subordinated to the interest of the State in ancient Greece and of the father in ancient Rome (even though the Hippocratic oath was against abortion). It was Christianity that gave the foetus a high, independent, moral value. Science has proved that new, human, biological life starts at conception. Biblical, Anthropological evidence suggests that life is something sacred, for which God has an early interest. Iconography and Liturgical hymnology provide evidence that human, ensouled life starts at conception. The Holy Canons are strongly anti-abortion and strict not only towards women who perform abortion, but also towards anybody who helped them. Patristic writings themselves (notably St. Maximus the Confessor) emphasize that the body and soul are coeval at conception and that on Incarnation, Deity partook both body and soul simultaneously, at conception. The holy fathers were not always trying to fight abortion in their writings, but nevertheless an indirect negative stance may be extrapolated. This trend is followed by most modern Orthodox and Catholic moralists (Protestants to a lesser extent). Non-Christian religious ethics generally condemn abortion - but often for different reasons, derived from their faith teaching. There seem to be adverse psychological repercussions on the mother following abortion, while legalization on the issue follows the social trend and is therefore often in contradiction with the official teaching of the Church. Finally, the need for a proper pastoral approach is emphasized, as the decision to abort is often induced by existing personal/social pressures, and also because the advent of biotechnology seems to challenge the anti-abortion teaching of the Orthodox Church, despite its promises to solve problems associated with human reproduction.
Item Type:Thesis (Masters)
Award:Master of Arts
Thesis Date:1998
Copyright:Copyright of this thesis is held by the author
Deposited On:13 Sep 2012 15:56
Social bookmarking: del.icio.usConnoteaBibSonomyCiteULikeFacebookTwitter
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| 581
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Back-Of-The-Envelope Calculation
Dictionary Says
Definition of 'Back-Of-The-Envelope Calculation'
An informal mathematical computation, often performed on a scrap of paper such as an envelope. A back-of-the-envelope calculation uses estimated and/or rounded numbers to quickly develop a ballpark figure. The result should be more accurate than a guess, but will be less accurate than a formal calculation performed using precise numbers and a spreadsheet or calculator.
Investopedia Says
Investopedia explains 'Back-Of-The-Envelope Calculation'
Back-of-the-envelope calculations might be used to determine whether further research and more detailed calculations are warranted. For example, an investor might look at a company's annual report and do a back-of-the-envelope calculation to get its price-to-earnings ratio. If it is low enough to imply value, the investor can do a proper calculation which might include factoring in the weighted average shares outstanding for the year. If the quick estimate gave a high P/E ratio, time could be saved.
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4. PEG Ratio Nails Down Value Stocks
5. Insure Your Future With A Career As An Actuary
6. If You Don't Mind Volatility, Deere Could Still Do Alright
7. Agilent Isn't Making It Easy On Investors
Core operating performance at Agilent needs to improve
8. Consumer Spending As A Market Indicator
10. Quants: The Rocket Scientists Of Wall Street
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http://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/back-of-the-envelope-calculation.asp
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| 242
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Hearth.com GOLD Sponsors who help bring the site content to you:
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1. Nimrod1911 New Member
joined: Nov 13, 2012
36 posts
Normally I use lodgepole pine. I'm just burning up a huge cottonwood my buddy had in his yard. I'm thinking it burns that long because the stove fits a whole wheel barrel load in it.
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2. Mrtwostick New Member
joined: Nov 6, 2012
14 posts
Philadelphia suburbs
I think you would be better off with a wood furnance or owb as your main heater and a smaller stove for ambience. Or maybe just have two stoves. If the big boy does that well you could get a small blaze king or cat stove. that way you have constant heat while you are away, then when you get home or wake up reload the big boy
3. daleeper Feeling the Heat
joined: Dec 18, 2006
442 posts
NC MO
If you have an 8" flue, get the BK King. The new Regency would get a look, but doesn't have the thermostatic control. Buck makes a big stove. All of them will save you some wood. If your goal is to heat the house totally with wood, then stick with your present stove, and save towards a good wood furnace or efficient wood boiler.
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The 13 Most WTF Fighting Games of All Time Video Games
The 13 Most WTF Fighting Games of All Time
Benjamin Dunn Benjamin Dunn Ranker
68,692 views 13 items
After Street Fighter made it big, the gaming industry decided to pump out fighting game after fighting game that appealed to either complete weirdos or, more often, nobody. These fighting games are weird, awful, strange and just plain absurd. Why were they made? I have no idea, but since they were, let's take a walk down the crazy side of the weirdest/worst fighting games of all time.
< >
Show: 5 25 View:
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1. 1
Let's just jump right into this. Battle Raper 2. No, that is not misspelled, and yes, that is how you say it.
Battle Raper 2 (which takes care of all the unanswered questions people probably had from Battle Raper 1) took all of the issues people had with Battle Raper 1 and removed them. This included the actual raping that took place at the end of each battle.
Sure, they could've changed the name of the game at that point, but who would want to sacrifice the "Battle Raper" brand?
But what if we didn't play the FIRST Battle Raper?
But not to worry, the gratutitous and needless nudity is still there, but yes, the titular "Rape" was taken out of Battle Raper in the second installment.
The game plays like Dead or Alive or Rumble Roses, but with the lack of tact and poise those other games have. While the characters do take damage in the game, so do their clothes. The worse off they are, the less clothes they have until they lose all their clothes and the other player "wins".
There is also a storyline about treasure hunting and zombies, naturally, because what else would you have when an entire game about rape needs a plot? Above is the intro to Battle Raper 2.
BUY @ amazon
2. 2
Made during the, "Let's put Shaq in EVERYTHING!" era, this game was probably the worst thing to ever happen to the Shaq brand. (And yes, I am including Shazam.)
Based on the classic Mortal Kombat format, the game featured a progression through a world where Shaq could hurt people with his magic flaming basketball which, if you're good enough at basketball, anyone can achieve.
Possibly the best thing about this game is the fact that Shaq towers over everyone, just like in real life. The worst thing about it? That it was made at all. The second worst part? Everything about the game.
Shaquille O'Neal casually wanders into a Kung Fu dojo on his way to a charity basketball game in Tokyo, Japan where, after speaking with a kung fu master, he stumbles into another dimension where he's got to rescue a boy named Nezu from an evil mummy. All of these things makes sense because the game is set in Asia. If you disrespectfully wander into a place of study of the martial arts, naturally the man with the highest level of skill will want to talk to you and then send you into another dimension to be a hero using only the main tool you use in your profession (only on fire). Duh.
This game could have been at least guilty-pleasure-worthy if it handled well, but Shaq's limbs are so long throughout every fight, that you're struggling with your basic depth perception, and have to get far away from your enemies just to hit them.
Shaq Fu is more insulting than the fact that somewhere, someone out there thought that this was a good idea for game.
BUY @ amazon
3. 3
Based on a popular series in Japan, Variable Geo has a complex plot and many points of character development.
Not really.
The basic plot is that there are a bunch of female fighters who are sponsored by local restaurants, where they work as waitresses on their time off between battles.
The "VG" here takes on a whole other meaning
As with most fighting games, there is a winner and a loser. Unlike most fighting games, though, when someone loses a match they run the risk of "being forced to commit an embarrassing (usually sexual) act in public, or they are raped/gang-raped by an unseen assailant or assailants.
So if you lose, you get gang-raped by the angry audience -- which, if you think about it, is a gaming paradigm that could fit pretty perfectly into Rock Band series. People would sure as hell be a lot better at playing those plastic guitars.
BUY @ amazon
4. 4
Buchigire Kongou: Battle Construction Vehicles
Remember when you were a kid and you loved playing with Tonka trucks?
This game satisfies that need we all have of making a bulldozer and a crane fight each other.
Seriously, why not just get out and fight?
Was there a plot? Kind of. Did that plot involve a bunch of Japanese dudes getting pissed at each other and trying to settle their differences with violence using primarily the most inconvenient, unmovable and clumsy machines known to man? Yes.
Kongou is our main character. A young man who wants to live his life and refuses to follow in his father's footsteps.
"I don't want, your crane."
One day, Kongou is chased to the roof of a building in a construction vehicle, where he must fight another guy in, you guessed it, a construction vehicle. Kongou wins and decides he likes kicking ass while wasting gas, then sets out on a "journey" to recreate this absurd act, therefore creating one of the mos frustrating fighting games in the history of man.
BUY @ amazon
5. 5
There have been many crappy Star Wars games out there, but this is the big daddy of them all. Arguably the worst, most tasteless and ill-conceived one.
Taking a page out of the parts of Soul Caliber that don't make sense, SW:MoTK is a standard fighting/weapons game. The big difference was that you could play as Darth Vader or Luke Skywalker in a fighting game for the first time ever !
Of course, it says a lot about a game when you would rather play as a Wookie rather than a Jedi. Seriously, if it ever came down to it, a Wookie wouldn't stand a chance against a Jedi. I mean, with the force and a lightsaber by their side, there's really no reason to let the Wookie win.
Seriously, though, if it really took several hits from a lightsaber to gently push a Tusken Raider off a platform, I would reconsider being part of the Jedi order altogether. Luke should be able to saw these guys in half at the blink of an eye.
The whole game is just conceptually absurd.
Because there's nothing that Tusken Raiders enjoy more than going 1-on-1 with Jedi in the middle of Hoth.
If you can play as a Jedi, it shouldn't be a tournament, it should be a slaughter!
BUY @ amazon
items 1 - 5 of 13
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1. cuthbert
The 13 Most WTF Fighting Games of All Time at 9/19/2011 3:12 AM
Man, can't believe you didn't include my favorite of all time, in terms of being rediculous.
Tattoo Assassins has 2196 fatalities. And that isn't a typo.
2. Reptic
The 13 Most WTF Fighting Games of All Time at 9/18/2011 12:45 PM
I had that Tom and Jerry game when I was a kid. For what it's worth, me and my cousin were really big fans of the cartoon, and we really did have a blast playing that game. Probably more than we would have playing a more technical (though better) game such as street fighter.
3. Greg
The 13 Most WTF Fighting Games of All Time at 9/16/2011 2:46 PM
Once again... WTF JAPAN.
today on Ranker
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Wednesday, January 16, 2013
Is Amway Just A Mind Game?
This was a comment left on this blog. It is a very good description of what many IBOs experience and how uplines manipulate them:
Amway is totally a mind game. Controlling your mind is the name of the game. Each and everything that is said from the stage, in the done for a reason. When you are in it, you dont think u are being manipulated. Rather you are made to feel like you are a winner..and you are exceptionally better off than the average outside(non-amway) people, whereas in reality you are loosing every day- loosing in the sense, you are not getting the results for the efforts u are putting.
Every possible negative situation that could happen is thought of and covered from the stage, and the cd. For eg: let's say u have been in the business for 5 years and not making profit. You will listen to a cd where the speaker says nothing happened to them for the first 5 years of business- so u will be like, this is so similar to my story..if I stay a little more time, it is going to work for me.
The job world and the outside people (non-amway people) is painted in such a negative color in the system, so u will be like business is not working..but jobs dont work either...let me stick it out and make it in the business...anyway i will not be able to even spend any time with people outside, let me stay in the business.
You are encouraged to have bigger dreams and get pictures of your dreams on your fridge or have a dream board. In a way this keeps u in the biz, b'coz it is your dream and u are like, how can i choose to leave the biz and these dreams.
Big time stroking of ego happens in all associations. At all associations, whoever that is getting results at that time is promoted through the roof. Sometimes when u are not getting any results, some of the big pins, wont even acknowledge ur presence. U will be like...i will show it to u, what i am capable of and will stay in the biz some more time.
The main goal of the system is to keep u in the biz for some more time, until that next function or seminar comes to pump u up or give u hope. In the meantime u will be buying 300PV worth of product and increase Amway's business and will be buying tools and be inncreasing your system's income.
If u have a few people in your group, quitting becomes even more difficult, u will be can i tell these people, whom i gave dreams and got them in...that i am not going to pursue.
If ur upline is in the local area, if u tell them that u dont want to continue, they will come to ur house, spend hours with u and will use every technique in the book to keep u in.
For those of u who have read "How to win Friends and Influence people"- two main techniques are used from that book in amway business:
1) Appeal to Nobler cause- There is no real money in Amway for most people- so what do they appeal to - Impacting people, better marriages, great families, Free Enterprise, Intagible benefits like becoming a better person etc etc etc.
2)Dramatize your ideas- This is what happens in the function- whereas everything is dramatized--incredible fear about economy, job world is put in your mind and incredible rewards achieved by people in the business is constantly talked about( in a crowd of 3000 in a function, at the most 20 so called successful people talk-so there is your ratio of sucess.)
So, how does this business run? why do people stay in? for HOPE...HOPE of making it one day..HOPE of achieving their dreams...They stay afloat with HOPE
1. This is a good description. The key to success is to be good at conveying this belief that you can make it. The big pins are brilliant at this. Thats why they have for 50 years recruited faster than the high quit rate.
2. Nailed it on the head, Joecool! From seeing my friends, and talking to their upline it feels like they are in a cult. They always refer to their upline like she is some professional or superstar. When I met her, one of them would always mimic her and when she told him to ask around Starbucks-that's where we met- if anyone was interested. He did not question it all and started bugging random strangers, but fortunately they all said no and I said no.
1. The Amway presentation is often a well crafted psychological game. Get the prospect to agree on things (i.e. taxes too high, early retirement good, etc) Then when a level of trust is built, that's when the upline raise the bar and try to get you committed and hooked on their cds and seminars.
3. Excellent Post!! The more one believes their upline more deeper they go in to the hole!
4. I got in the business w/several friends and stayed in long after everyone (including my downline and 2 upline Platinums and their groups) quit. I was on system, bought from myself, had some customers, contacted people, but had trouble turning those contacts into real prospects. Down deep I always thought I was using them.
From the 1st night pack on, I immersed myself in the tapes, sometimes listening to 5 or 6 a day, depending on my work schedule. So pretty quickly I got on Standing order tape. When summer conference came, it was promoted that all the leaders would be there and not going sets your business back 6 months. I enjoyed the rallies and was so sure that my time would come. Soon I was getting tapes, books and videos and going to opens, seminars and functions.
My upline would give examples of businesses that would explode after the IBO came close to quitting but persevered. I was told to 'Just keep doing what you're doing' and 'your time is coming.' I had hope. I listened to the leaders spinning the dream and believed. I was loyal and so excited to the degree that at least twice I slept in my car, in January, at a major because I didn't have money for a room. 'If the dream is big enough the facts don't coun't!' My upline didn't even know; I figured they'd find out when I told my Diamond Story - HA!
Year after year (after year after year) I rationalized my business or lack thereof. You are spot on refering to 'How to Win Friends' Appeal to the Nobler Cause. Surrounding myself with the business and positive people was teaching me and helping me to prepare for a huge business, my PV just hadn't caught up...or so I was told.
There was always a new product or tool that would explode our business. Maybe for a few people, but most of us had little or no growth. Even my upline diamond lost some legs that had to be replaced to stay in qualification. But this time it was going to be different. Although we had just bought some new tools for our group, something even better was coming. We were going to plug into TEAM's system. Now our businesses would really explode (they used that word way too often).
As far as I know, no business ever exploded, and when we parted ways w/Amway I finally wised up and parted ways w/my upline. All the years and money - gone. But you couldn't have convinced me otherwise, because I believed. I'd tell someone today to take all that money s/he's 'investing' in the business and instead put it in an IRA or something for retirement...the returns have got to be better.
1. I feel sad, but thank god that you have had the guts to quit. For long, I have been advocating the fact that everyone in some or the other way gets sucked into MLM. Everyone will always quit no one is life long MLM member. How much ever you work the business is designed to make people lose money. Earlier you quit better it is.
5. I believe this is true. my upline is making 2.500 pv or that' what he tells me. however his life is not good he is loosing money in gas and presentations and I bet he is not making any income. I know his dad is helping him with everything. buy I talked to him and he told me that his son spends so many hours working this business but he doesn't see any profit from it. however I always use amway products even before I knew about the bussines becoming an ibo gets you the chance to buy the products I already use at a less amount of money why not and get pay from it why not. nothing changes exept saving money. I also save 13 percent in my cellphone bill when I became an ibo. Don't know how but it happen and that's also good. I can make some extra money in my non valuable time. if I use amway which is the money save as a ibo. Not BWW that's really a scam. I was in it. Not worth it.
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look up any word, like bootylicious:
4. insecurity
1.) The need for constant "hugs" from your internet chatroom "friends"
2.) Thinking the more "s's" you get in HUGSSSSSSS mean the giver cares more about you.
~Cyclops~: bye bye Chic'n lixxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx and hugssssssssss
Wonder!Who!: hey BOD hugssssssssssssssssssssssssss
BOD: hugsssssssssssssssssssssss
by Shepherd Nov 11, 2003 add a video
1. insecurity
A feeling affecting many people in society. Often spawns sluts, attention whoring, and controlling boyfriends. To blame for many of the problems in society.
Rob's constant homophobic jokes reveals his insecurity in his manhood.
2. insecurity
Insecurity:Process by which couples, from either the male or female side, begin to deteriorate due lack of trust and or mistreatment.
Relationships often go under changes that put stress on one person in the relationship causing said insecurity.
3. Insecurity
The state you are in when you constantly ask people if they are ok,just because you are not ok yourself.
Everyone went mad because of the insecurity of people they knew.
rss and gcal
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The Register® — Biting the hand that feeds IT
Record-breaking laser pulse boosts fusion power hopes
• alert
• print
One giant step towards 'creating a miniature star on Earth'
The world's most powerful laser has fired a record-breaking pulse that exceeded even its own design goals.
For 23 billionths of a second, the 192 ultraviolet lasers in the National Ignition Facility generated the equivalent of 411 trillion watts of peak power, which the NIF described as being 1,000 times more energy than the entire US uses "at any instant in time".
The shaped laser pulse delivered a staggering 1.875 million joules of energy into the NIF's facility's target chamber center – and that was after the pulse traveled through diagnostic instruments and other optics on its journey to the target.
The total energy created when the pulse was generated, the laser boffins say, was calculated to be 2.03 million joules, making the NIF the world's first 2MJ ultraviolet laser – about 100 times more powerful than any other laser in existence.
The Control Room staff at the National Ignition Facility
The Control Room at the National Ignition Facility, where one man has the finest title in all of boffinry
The NIF's goal is simple to explain but maddeningly complex and difficult to accomplish: to generate enough power to achieve fusion ignition and, therefore, produce energy gain in a laboratory setting. To do this, it explains, its goal is to focus "the intense energy of 192 giant laser beams on a BB-sized target filled with hydrogen fuel, fusing the hydrogen atoms' nuclei and releasing many times more energy than it took to initiate the fusion reaction."
"This event marks a key milestone in the National Ignition Campaign's drive toward fusion ignition," said NIF Director Edward Moses in a statement. "While there have been many demonstrations of similar equivalent energy performance on individual beams or quads during the completion of the NIF project, this is the first time the full complement of 192 beams has operated at this energy."
That was Moses the scientist speaking. Moses the man was more direct. "This is very exciting," he said, "like breaking the sound barrier."
The NIF was first fired up in March 2009, at which time it hit 1MJ, with an original design goal of achieving 1.8MJ. Over the past three years, the team has increased its output by about one kilojoule each day, and has refined the massive instrument's precision, which is critical to providing the "implosion symmetry" needed to achieve the temperatures and pressures needed to initiate a fusion reaction.
This breakthrough takes the NIF one giant step closer to its goal of harnessing the power that fires up the Sun, and, in their words, "in essence, creating a miniature star on Earth." ®
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Incrementally build a wobbly tower of cups and ping-pong balls by bouncing a ball off the ground into a growing stack of cups held in the hand.
Basket of ping-pong balls is placed on table.
Player holds stack of 8 plastic cups in 1 hand.
When clock starts, player may bounce a ping-pong ball on floor and into first cup.
To successfully complete game, player will bounce ping-pong ball into cup, then stack new cup on top and bounce another ping-pong ball into it until all cups contain a ping-pong ball.
8 plastic cups
Basket of ping-pong balls
Go back
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Crash Course In Crafting
Martha Stewart began her billionaire’s climb to fame and fortune by cooking and making crafts. Millions of loyal fans follow her suggestions for arts and crafts projects. Why not let your young parks and recreation customers enjoy the creativity that develops from making easy arts projects? There’s no need for picture-perfect results. Part of the fun of crafting involves letting children feel free to experiment with colors, textures and designs. If they want to make a three-eyed puppet—let them.
Flying Apple Butterfly Shirts
Supplies needed:
Solid colored T-shirt that has been washed
Old magazine
Brush on fabric paint
Paper plate for paint
2-3 contrasting colors of “puff” paint
Cutting knife
Follow these easy directions:
1. Place your shirt on a flat surface, like a table or kitchen counter.
2. Slip the old magazine inside the shirt. This makes sure the paint doesn’t soak through to the backside of the shirt.
3. Pour about 2 Tablespoons paint on the paper plate.
4. Cut the apple in half, starting from the top near the stem. This creates a “butterfly” shape.
5. Press half the apple in the paint.
6. Press the paint-covered apple on the shirt. This is your butterfly shape. Repeat the process, making as many butterflies as you want. You can make random prints or create a butterfly border around the neck of the shirt.
7. Let the paint dry overnight.
8. After paint is dry, use the puff paint to add embellishments. Add an antenna or draw designs on the butterfly wings.
9. Let the puff paint dry and proudly wear your new shirt.
Mighty Cute Mouse Houses
Supplies needed:
1 empty shoebox lid, any size
Scissors or utility knife, to be used by an adult
Assortment of scrap paper, felt pieces, beads, buttons, etc.
1 old glove (that you don’t mind cutting)
2 tiny wiggle eyes
Black thread or embroidery floss
Follow these easy directions:
1. On the inside of your shoe box lid, sketch a “window” about 1 inch by 1 inch.
2. Have an adult use the utility knife or scissors to cut a hole in the box for your mouse’s window.
3. Use the paper, felt or craft foam to cover the outside of the shoe box. Be sure to cut around the window so your mouse can peek out!
4. Use more scraps of paper or beads to create door knobs, window boxes and “welcome” signs.
5. While you are letting the glue dry for your house, it’s time to make your mouse.
6. Cut off one finger of the glove. This is your mouse.
7. Simply glue on the tiny wiggle eyes at the tip of the finger.
8. Thread the needle and pull the floss through the very end of the glove. You should have about two inches of thread on either side of your mouse’s “nose.” Cut the excess thread. You just gave your mouse some whiskers.
9. Slip the mouse over your finger and poke his little head out of the mouse house window. Who said mice aren’t cute?
Creative Crawling Creatures
Supplies needed:
10-15 plastic spoons
Plaster of Paris
Disposable container, such as a clean margarine tub
Permanent markers
Yarn or embroidery floss
Dish towel or folded newspaper
Follow these easy directions:
1. Lay out the plastic spoons on a smooth surface.
2. Put a dish towel or folded newspaper under the spoon handles to level out the “bowl” portion of the spoon.
3. Pour 1 cup Plaster of Paris in the tub.
4. Slowly add about ½ cup water and stir.
5. Mixture should be the consistency of pudding. Add a few drops water if mixture is too thin.
6. Pour the Plaster of Paris mixture into the plastic spoons.
7. Lay a 3- to 4-inch piece of yarn or floss on the tip of the spoon. Press yarn gently into plaster to create antennas for the bugs.
8. Let dry overnight.
9. The next day, pop the plaster out of the spoons. You’ll have perfect bug shapes to decorate with permanent markers.
10. These shapes also make great pumpkins, or eggs for Easter.
11. If you want bigger bugs, use regular soup spoons for the mold. The plaster slips right out and doesn’t damage the spoon.
CD Sun Catchers
Supplies needed:
2 old or unwanted CDs (for each sun catcher)
Assortment of inexpensive “puff paint” (available at any craft store)
Scraps of ribbon
Follow these easy directions:
1. Use the paint to draw designs on the unprinted sides of the two CD’s.
2. Let dry.
3. Spread glue on the unpainted side of a CD.
4. Cut a piece of ribbon about 12 inches long.
5. Make a loop with the ribbon so the two cut ends are placed about 1 inch inside the CD with glue.
6. Put the other CD on top, so the painted sides are on the outside of your CD “sandwich.”
7. Let glue dry, then hang your sparkly CD in a window to reflect the sun.
Related posts:
1. Craft Connection
2. Celebrate National Kid’s Craft Day March 14
3. Project Sampling
4. Crafting Smiles
5. Craft Connection
This entry was posted in Craft Projects, March 2008, Parks and Rec Business, Silvana Clark, Sports + Fitness + Recreation. Bookmark the permalink.
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A wounded boy is treated by a doctor in Aleppo, Syria, where the civil war is expected to have a terrible psychological impact on children.
A child's 'chain of violence' in the Syrian crisis
Many say the Arab Spring took root in Syria after the detention, torture and murder by government forces of a 13-year-old boy named Hamza Al Khateeb.
He was arrested at a protest in Daraa in April last year. When he was returned to his family nearly a month later, his lifeless body bore burn marks, broken kneecaps, three gunshot wounds and mutilated genitals.
His death became an early rallying point for opponents of Bashar Al Assad's regime, who organised under the slogan "We Are All Hamza Al Khateeb". Since his death, about 2,000 more children have died as Syria has become mired in civil war.
For the children who will escape the conflict physically unscathed, questions remain about the long-term psychological impacts.
For an indication of what might be ahead for the children of Syria, one only needs to look across the border to Israel and the Palestinian Territories.
A study released two months ago based on 1,500 Palestinian, Jewish-Israeli and Arab-Israeli children showed that a "chain of violence" is created when children are exposed to ethnic and political conflict. The younger the children are, the more strongly they are affected and the more aggressive they become in response.
The findings, based on peer-reviewed research funded by the US-based National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, are seen has having profound implications on how disputes become intractable.
The study involved three yearly sets of interviews with 600 Palestinian families, 451 Israeli-Jewish families and 450 Israeli-Arab families. In each group, one third were 8 years old at the time of the first round of interviews, another third were 11 and the final third were 14.
The research began in 2005, around the time of the end of the Second Intifada.
Paul Boxer, the lead author of the study, said the evidence was clear: ethnic and political violence adversely affect children, especially the very young.
"We found that over time, exposure to all kinds of violence was linked to increased aggressive behaviour among the children," said Boxer, a Rutgers University psychologist.
"We also found that these effects were strongest among the youngest age group, and that they appear to result from a chain of influence in which ethnic-political violence increases violence in families, schools and neighbourhoods, which in turn increases aggressive behaviour among children."
The exposure to violence was quantified by asking the children and their parents questions such as: how often a friend or acquaintance had been injured as a result of political or military violence; how often they had spent a long period of time in a security shelter or under curfew and how often they had witnessed actual violence.
They were also quizzed about the exposure of violence in the community that was not ethnic or political, such as violence at school and violence within the family.
Children were asked how often in the last year they had engaged in violent behaviours such as pushing, punching, hitting or choking, saying mean things, or taking others' things without asking.
They found that Palestinian children had the greatest exposure to violence, although Israeli Jews experienced more security checks and threats. Palestinian children also showed the highest levels of aggressive behaviour. Boys experienced more violence and displayed higher levels of aggression than girls.
Rowell Huesmann, the co-author of the study and a research director at the University of Michigan Institute for Social Research, is a veteran of several studies about the impact of violence on the young, including western children who watch violent television or movies or play violent video games.
"Violence is really like a contagious disease," he said.
"Except in one sense, it's worse. With contagious diseases, you have to be near the person in order to get it. Violence is contagious even at a distance.
"We found that late childhood was a critical period. The children who were 8 years old at the start of our study were more susceptible than older children to the effects of witnessing violence."
The results are unsettling, but not surprising. An earlier study by Huesmann based on the same study showed both Palestinian and Israeli children are being psychologically scarred.
Roughly half of all Palestinian children aged between 11 and 14 had seen other Palestinians upset or crying because someone they knew had been killed by Israelis. Nearly as many had seen in person Palestinians who were injured or dead as a result of Israeli attacks in the previous year.
The figures in reverse - of Israeli children seeing the effects on other Israelis of attacks by Palestinians - were more than one quarter and nearly 10 per cent.
Although the Palestinians' experience was worse and they were seeing "extraordinary amounts of very disturbing violence in their daily lives", Huesmann said both groups' exposure to violence was appallingly high.
"This exposure is very deleterious. It is associated with dramatic increases in post-traumatic stress symptoms and increases in aggressive behaviour directed at peers," he added.
The reaction was directed inwards, in the form of fear, anxiety, nightmares and incapacitating thoughts, or outwards, in the form of increased violence towards others.
He said the study also showed the behaviour was a reaction to what was being experienced rather than characteristics of the subjects' families.
What has happened to the children caught in the Palestinian-Israeli dispute - and is likely to happen to the children caught in the middle of Syria's civil war - is also being compared to other parts of the world associated with a culture of blood feuds.
The mindset is described as a "culture of honour", characterised by a tendency to avoid unintentional offence to others but also with a low tolerance to perceived slights by others.
Sicily, Corsica, the Basque country in the Pyrenees and Greece are examples of feuding cultures, as are the southern states of the United States.
When University of Michigan social scientists Richard Nisbett and Dov Cohen investigated why the southern states had significantly higher rates of violence than northern states, they did an experiment in which young men were recruited for an undisclosed task.
After having their testosterone and cortisol levels measured, they were asked to complete a questionnaire and then walk down a long, narrow hallway to submit it to a proctor, who would utter an insult under his breath as he accepted it.
In his book Outliers, Malcolm Gladwell said there was only one significant difference that predicted how the young men responded.
"The deciding factor isn't how emotionally secure you are, or whether you are an intellectual or a jock, or whether you are physically imposing or not," he wrote.
"What matters … is where you're from. The young men from the northern part of the United States, for the most part, treated the incident with amusement. They laughed it off. Their handshakes were unchanged. Their levels of cortisol actually went down, as if they were unconsciously trying to defuse their own anger.
"But the southerners? Oh my. They were angry. Their cortisol and testosterone jumped. Their handshakes got firm."
The experiment went a step further. After being insulted, the subjects walked back along the narrow corridor, where they met an imposing 6 feet 3 inch man who was secretly part of the experiment. They would test how close they got to the man before stepping out of the way.
The northerners got out of the way two metres before meeting the man, whether they had been insulted or not. The southerners were more deferential if they had not been insulted, stepping aside nearly three metres away, but if he had just been insulted, they waited until they were less than 60 centimetres away.
Theories vary about why the southerners had such short fuses when insulted - one is that they were descendants of herdsmen from the lawless borderlands of the United Kingdom - but the implications for places like Syria and more widely through the Middle East is that behaviours and attitudes become entrenched and can continue to affect behaviour generations later.
And for the traumatised children of Palestine and Syria and their increased tendency to violence, that is troubling indeed.
John Henzell is a senior features writer for The National.
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You're watching...
President Proposes Pre-K for All 4-Year-Olds
• Description
StudentsFirst founder Michelle Rhee on Obama's Pre-K proposal and efforts to reform the U.S. educational system.
• Duration 4:33
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President Obama's pre -- push is drying mixed reaction over the bottom line.
And how much will cost and its effectiveness.
Earlier I spoke with Michelle -- founder of students first and she is the author of the new -- radical fighting to put students first.
And I -- since we already have head start why do we need another pre K program.
Well look the opportunity to ensure that more children in particular.
Low income and minority children are in school earlier is could be a very positive thing.
But as with anything it really depends on the accountability that's attached.
If we have children at a younger age.
Enrolled in classrooms with highly effective teachers that I think can make absolutely huge difference in terms of their school readiness by the time they get into kindergarten.
But -- if they are in classrooms.
The -- essentially babysitting is going on that we're not gonna see the return on investment that well I I guess that's why did this studies are sort of split on how effective these.
Publicly finance pre K programs are because a lot of them show that the effectiveness doesn't really continue very far at all into -- student's career.
Well again I think that that have a lot to do with the effectiveness of the program over all of that and specifically the teacher that's in front of that classroom.
When I was in DC.
We expanded the pre K options tremendously and what we found was that -- was a very wide variety between.
The quality of education the kids were getting in those programs of some of them were excellent they have very high standards.
Very clear benchmarks for what kids were expected to -- that be able to.
You know show that they've grown academically by the end of the year and other programs.
You know -- -- have that level of level for.
Look I seem to need before you start a brand spanking new program that's.
Going to be from sea to shining sea all states.
-- -- you first reconsider the effectiveness of existing programs that are already out in schools all over the country.
Well I think what would have to be done.
Is you would have to look at the research very clearly to know what works in pre K education and what doesn't work and then you would have to set some very very clear standards.
About what kinds of programs would need to be set up -- order to access this federal funding.
And also ensure that its programs did not meet those standards that that aren't are -- taxpayer dollars were going to fund those things.
Got a long way to go -- that'll be -- to see if his idea gets anywhere in the meantime I wanna ask you about your book because you how are really interesting conclusion.
That the kids most at risk and our system may not be low.
Income students but in fact middle class students why would that be.
Well I think that you know a lot of what we're seeing right now in this country is -- is people assuming that the problem in public education that we have.
Is is you know just about -- Clinton minority kids in the inner cities.
And that actually isn't true at all if you look at the top court tile of US kids.
Based on in come and compare them to the top court tile.
Of kids in other countries across the the globe you'll see that our kids actually rank 23 -- which is the same rating as our low income kids still.
So we have a -- out -- that's unbelievable -- yeah I mean that's a real news flash I think to parents all over the country.
When we do about it.
What we've got to focus on making sure they're highly effective teachers in every classroom we have to make sure.
That parents have options.
For sending their kids to a high quality school program and then the last thing which is tied to what we're just talk about Jerry.
Which is making sure that we have an effective use of taxpayer dollars a lot of middle and upper middle.
Income households.
In this country the other kids are going to school every day they think they're getting a good education.
But they actually don't know what kind of return on investment they're -- taxpayers are our taxpayer dollars and get it getting.
Well and and answering that question could be very difficult I wonder the degree to which.
The fact that so many teachers are unionized is one of those things that's draining money out of the system that could be better deployed.
Well I think it -- less to do with the fact that teachers are unionized or not you -- as could be -- but we have some of these problems in non United States as well.
I think what -- issue is is that we have -- laws and policies in place in both unionized and non United States.
That ensure that the best interests of the adults are what comes first and foremost a set of what's in the best interest of kids.
Fascinating book Michelle really interesting stuff thanks for coming on talking to us about it -- -- back again -- thank you say oh yes.
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‘Total Recall’ Review: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
Chemical warfare has rendered most of Earth uninhabitable; only the United Federation of Britain and The Colony (aka the UK and Australia) remain as habitats for humanity. The UFB is rich; the Colony is tenement housing for the poor workers who make the UFB tick. Colony residents travel between ends of the Earth each day via one bad bastard of a subway: The Fall, a tunnel through the planetary core, in which overblown elevators travel fast enough to get workers from one continent to another in minutes.
(They can build that, but they can’t built housing in hostile lands that are, like, closer to work? Right, we’ll come back to that.)
Douglas Quaid (Colin Farrell) is an assembly-line worker at a plant that churns out robotic law enforcers. Or is he? Lying next to his wife (Beckinsale) he dreams of a frantic action scene with another woman (Jessica Biel). Intruigued by Rekall, a company peddling technologically implanted memories, Quaid chooses to pump a juicy secret agent scenario into his dome, but… he’s already a secret agent. Or is he?
Actually, this time out, there’s no reason to ask that question. Total Recall ’12 doesn’t seem to care about questioning Quaid’s lives. That led to a lot of second-guessing on my part. We know what Total Recall is, and we know the crux: is it all a fake memory, or not? What’s the difference, anyway? Yet Wiseman tells the story with blithe single-mindedness: action scene, brief dialogue, reveal something about a character, repeat. His refusal to engage the reality question starts to seem like an oblique way of getting to it. The film’s super-CGI world goes from movieland unreal to convincing and back again. What better environment for a story about technologically implanted memories than one created solely by computers?
So is The Fall — such a silly, outlandish concept, with such a heavily weighted name — really the elephant in the room? Does this Total Recall think that all other moments of ambiguity and suggestions of subjectivity can be shunted aside, replaced by action scenes and glamour shots of Beckinsale, because The Fall is such a gloriously ridiculous idea that it can’t possibly be anything other than the product of fantasy?
I almost think that Wiseman (and/or writers Kurt Wimmer and Mark Bomback) think so, but I can’t buy it. I can’t buy anything in Total Recall ’12. Farrell is determined and entertaining, Biel keeps up, and Beckinsale is as “in the moment” as she’s ever been. They’re all surrounded by a dual set of eye-catching cityscapes that crib from many sources: Blade Runner, the Star Wars prequels, Fallout 3, even Verhoeven’s original. (Could the nods to Verhoeven’s version also be meant as intentional world-breaking fantasy elements?)
But it’s all so stoic, so determined, so seemingly convinced that the presentation of a grossly exaggerated class conflict exists comfortably with the expensively-rendered action scenes. UFB Chancellor Cohaagen (Bryan Cranston, with about five minutes of screen time) has an idea for a political plot to make things even worse, but he’s given no time to really blossom as a villain, or even to become more than a talking head. The film’s class-consciousness is just set dressing.
Remake or not, I’d rather not make repeated comparisons between this version and Verhoeven’s. Yet the 1990 film, over the top and absurd as it often was, could at least claim several signature moments. Quaid choking in the atmosphere of Mars; the opening of a malfunctioning mask; a dual-arm severing; the weirdness of Kuato. Wiseman’s signature moments are an action scene in The Fall, and an early car chase, both of which involve a sort of gut-lifting gravity loss that never quite sticks as a visual metaphor. He also trades in some of the moments viewers of Verhoven’s version will all remember. When it comes to manipulating memories, that’s about as deep as Total Recall is able to go.
/Film rating: 4.5 out of 10
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Diversity Innovations Curriculum Change
Transformed Courses Within the Disciplines
Linked With Academic Writing 101
Dr. Kathryn Russell
Dept. of Philosophy-SUNY Cortland
Fall 1995
Anderson, Margaret L. and Collins, Patricia Hill. Race, Class and Gender: An Anthology, 2nd Ed. Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Co., 1992.
This course will examine oppression due to race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender and class. Strategies of social change will be evaluated as ways to enhance freedom, justice, and equality. We will be particularly interested in how power is distributed by social group and how institutionalized patterns of behavior allow racism and sexism to persist.
The class will emphasize critical thinking about ethical and political problems that confront us in everyday life. It will challenge you to develop your own stand on selected issues but to sympathetically understand alternative points of view. You will be encouraged to work collaboratively with other students in responding to class material.
VAL 140 satisfies requirements for Category 2 in the General Education program. The 1995-1996 Catalog (page 75) describes GE2 as follows:
The goal of this category is to educate students about the nature of prejudice and discrimination and their impact on the people of this country and throughout the world.
1. A liberal education should enable students to examine critically the ways they think about themselves as well as other people.
2. Recognizing prejudice and discrimination is necessary as a first step in eliminating them.
1. To examine issues such as power and bias as they relate to prejudice and discrimination, and how these issues have determined attitudes, institutions, dominance and subordinance.
2. To analyze how various beliefs can lead to conflicting conclusions about a society and its norms, values, and institutions.
3. To study the individual and institutional nature, as well as the extent of prejudice and discrimination, either in the American context with attention given to the global dimension, or in the global context with attention given to the American dimension.
4. To examine prejudice and discrimination in relation to unequal distribution of power.
5. To examine various aspects of prejudice and discrimination such as moral, historical, educational, health, economic, linguistic, political, psychological, and social dimensions. Other intellectual perspectives may be included. No course need embrace all disciplinary perspectives.
6. To examine the factors upon which prejudice and discrimination may be based, e.g.: race and/or gender as well as class, ethnicity, religion, age, sexual orientation, or disability.
Class Meetings
1. Introduction to the Course
2. Empathetic Understanding and Prejudice
Preface, pp. xi-xix, I. Introduction pp. 1-9, Articles 1-Madrid, 6-Takaki, 50-Anderson.
3. Discrimination and Racism
II. Introduction pp.56-70, 7-Yamato, 8-MacIntosh, Govier's article on reflective analysis in the library.
4. 12-Dyson, 33-Taylor, 37-Marable.
5. 10-Thornton, 32-Gates, 39-Chan.
6. Catch up and prepare for an in-class essay.
7. Campus Rape and Violence Against Women
98-Hall, 52-Martin and Hummer, 49-Kokopeli and Lakey.
8. Gender and Sexism
17-Blood, Tuttle and Lakey, 42-Faludi, 45-Wolf.
9. 9. Interconnections Among Gender, Race, Ethnicity and Class
3-Jordan, 9-Beck, 16-Cole.
10. 20-Lai, 23-Woo, 41-Steinem.
11. Oppression, Double Binds and Double Standards
5-Frye, 28-Dujon, Gradford and Stevens.
12. 36-Funiciello, 46-Espin. MGS Center reports due.
13. Final draft of Argumentative synthesis essay due. Read articles on reserve in the library.
14. Media Influence on Norms, Values and Behavior
6-Gunn-Ellen, 38-Churchill, 40-Lusane.
15. Lesbian and Gay Rights
2-Moraga, 44-Smith, Xeroxed readings and Pharr on reserve in the library.
16. 27-Lorde, 43-Hammonds, 47-Jordan.
17. Activism and Social Change
57-Lorde, 58-Reagon.
18. Group Presentations, Synthesis essay due.
19. Affirmative Action
Xeroxed readings and Ezorsky on reserve in the library.
1. Classism and Political Economy
21-Eitzen and Zinn, 22-Amott, 24-Moore and Pinderhughes.
1. Equality and Educational Reform
29-Michelson and Smith, 31-Williams.
2. 26-Sanchez-Ayendez, 53-Kautzer, 56-Praeger.
3. 11-Langston, 13-Ehrenreich, 54-Gray.
21. 14-Sklar, 15-Higgenbotham and Weber. Argumentative research essay due.
1. Intersections Among Class, Race/Ethnicity, and Gender
2. Activism in the Face of Complex Racial/Ethnic Identities
51-Cho, 60-West.
3. Native American Women's Activism
35-Brown, 59-Green.
4. Summary and Course Evaluation.
Questions, comments, and suggested resources should be directed to diversityweb@aacu.org.
Copyright 1996 - 2012
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Age of Diagnoses.
Coping with diabetes
How do you cope with diabetes?
Age of Diagnoses.
• rated by 0 users
• This post has 7 Replies |
• I was just wondering why are people diagnosed with diabetes at different ages. I know some people that had it since they were 5 and some people who were diagnosed in their 20s. How could doctors not catch on during a check up visit?
• Good question.....I am curious as to why I was not diagnosed earlier in life cuase I have had symptoms for several years how my doctor never caught on is beyond me!
• Sometimes it take something to get it started. I was dx'ed much LOL later in life. Today it's my 3 year "I am Type 1 date". Oh, by the way I was 52 in ICU, DKA, bs of 672 and a1c 0f 13.2, When I found out!
• i found out the first month of my senior year of highschool a month before i turned 17 ... i was symptomatic for like a month and it took only that long to figure out what was up... cuz i didn't want to go to the doctors (bad plan) i finally was tired of peeing every 15 min. my doctors where on top of it which was amazing i don't know why it happens at different ages my first endo was 27 had had 3 kids and then she became T1 and then i know a little girl who was 4 ... its a weird disease that way
• It's not that the doctors don't catch on, it's that it develops at different ages. Type 1 is autoimmune, so what they think happens is that something will set off your immune system (for example I had a cold right before I was diagnosed) and while it's fighting off the infection it decided to attack the beta cells in the pancreas. there is also research on environmental triggers and other factors that can up the risk factor, along with genetics. Many people have a honeymoon stage, so they still make some insulin, some people make enough to live, some just make a little, and normally this ends. Very few people are "born" with diabetes, even though it does happen, but rather are born prone to diabetes, just like you would be prone to cancer, or something like that. This isn't to say that a Type one could have stop it from happening, and there isn't a study that has come back conclusive to say that doing/eating something will lower a risk, it's just that some people's bodies "fall victim" earlier and some later. I was 1 when I was diagnosed, while my grandpa was in his late 20's, had served in the air force and had his first son before being diagnosed.
• I went into DKA myself...I had gotten really sick and lost alot weight and could not keep any food down from the bs ended up being 527 and it took a good four days in the hospital to get it down to around the 3s...I slept pretty much two days straight too....I dont miss being pricked every hour or woken up at 5 a.m. to get my bs checked...My finger tips have never been so sore
• I was diagnosed at age 3 while most of the people I know with it were diagnosed in their late teens/early twenties... The only answer I can think of is it just has to do with a person's genes/ immune system.
• I was diagnosed at 17, during my senior year of high school. I had all the symptoms, they drew some blood and the test came back normal. A month later I was sent to the hospital and finally diagnosed. Maybe we caught it early? Because my BS was only 297 (compared to me hearing of people much higher when diagnosed) and I didn't even have to stay the night in the hospital.
Type 1 since March 2010
Medtronic Minimed 523
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Remote rural landscapes are often critical for biodiversity conservation, and also for supplying natural resources vital for rural human livelihoods. Underlying policies and programmes on sustainable development is the assumption that use of natural resources to fulfil human needs can be sustainable. The Addis Ababa Principles and Guidelines (AAPG) provide a solid basis on which to try to achieve this - to ensure that management planning for natural resource use considers the needs and rights of potential users, while also emphasizing the need to minimize damage to biodiversity and the ecosystem.
A further consideration, recognized in the (AAPG), is the use of science to assess how this balance can be achieved, and the recognition that knowledge of both biological and social systems is essential if the conservation and societal goals are to be met. Those goals can only be met if we know the productivity of the resource being used, the limits to sustainable offtake levels, and hence the potential of the resource to provide livelihood support. If offtake is unsustainable, no amount of politically wishful thinking will prevent the resource from being depleted, and people from being tied to a declining resource base.
An illustration of this is a case example: the use of wild meat by people living across the tropics. Although very specific, the underlying principle of understanding the limits to natural productivity, and using that in management planning, applies equally to any other natural resources which are intimately linked to livelihood support.
Definition - Sustainable use
Defining sustainability is difficult, given the complexities of biological systems, and the range of relevant management goals. If the concern is wildlife conservation, hunting can be regarded as sustainable if hunted populations do not consistently decline in numbers over time or are not reduced to levels where they are vulnerable to extinction. Given the importance of hunted species to people, it is also important to include a third criterion for sustainability: that hunted populations are not reduced to levels where they can no longer meet human needs.
Importance of wild meat to tropical forest peoples
Many rural peoples across the tropics still depend on wild meat for their nutrition. E.g.:
• Two-thirds of the meals of a remote Kelabit community in Sarawak, Malaysia, contain wild meat, and it is their main source of protein.
• Efe Pygmies in the Ituri Forest, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, eat about 160g of wild meat per person per day.
• Ten indigenous groups in Latin America consume an average of 184g of wild meat per person per day. Some rural hunting communities eat even larger quantities of wild meat. Especially if other foods are scarce, people can obtain much of their overall nutrition from wild mammals. Estimates of daily consumption of wild meat per person include: 160-290g for families in northern Republic of Congo, 250g for the Yanomamo in Amazonia, and more than 250g for the Kalahari bushmen in southern Africa. The Yanomamo and also certain rural peoples in Central Africa eat more meat than many people in developed countries.
Variation in potential supply of wildlife from different tropical ecosystems
Productivity of an ecosystem for wild meat depends on the number of breeding animals per unit area, their size (the amount of meat per animal), and the average number of offspring per capita per unit time. The former two factors are captured by measuring biomass. Tropical grasslands commonly support mammal biomasses of 15,000 - 20,000 kg/km2. Most are fast-breeding ungulates and rodents. Thus, in grasslands, significant amounts of wildlife can be hunted and still be sustainable. In the humid tropics, human-disturbed areas such as farm fallows can also be very productive for rodents and ungulates. In contrast, mammal biomass in intact tropical forests rarely exceeds 3,000 kg/km2, and most are primates which breed slowly; thus overall productivity for wild meat is low. Tropical forests can only sustainably support a maximum of only one person/km2 if they rely solely on wild meat for their protein.
The limited productivity of tropical forests for wild meat means that options for livelihood support and poverty alleviation strategies based on hunting are limited, especially as human populations grow. Across most of the humid tropics, use of wildlife for food is already unsustainable. E.g., in Tangkoko Duasudara Nature Reserve, North Sulawesi, from 1978 to 1993, hunting reduced the number of crested black macaques by 75%, anoa and maleo birds by 90%, and bear cuscus by 95%. In Bioko, Equatorial Guinea, hunting has reduced primate populations by 90% in some areas and to local extinction in others. And in 23 heavily-hunted sites across Amazonia, densities of large mammals have been reduced by 81%. If heavy hunting and wildlife trade continues, whole populations disappear. In the last 40 years, 12 species of large animals have become extinct or virtually extinct in Vietnam mainly as a result of over-hunting.
The people who immediately suffer as wildlife disappears are the millions across the tropics living at the development frontier, who are often the poorest and most marginalized in their countries. As their lands are opened up, wildlife declines. These people typically lack the education, skills and cultural context to take advantage of cash-earning jobs. They also lack capital or access to agricultural markets, so cannot readily switch to alternative livelihoods or food sources. They sometimes sell wildlife for cash, but if this is unsustainable, both their protein source and income vanish. Between 1975 and 1985, as their land was opened up by roads and hunting pressure increased, the proportion of successful hunts of the Agta in the Philippines declined from 63 to 16%, and the number of kills per hunt declined from 1.15 to 0.16 animals. The Agta went from being hunters of abundant wildlife in primary forests, to being struggling foragers with inadequate wildlife resources. The protein intake of the Yuquí Indians in Bolivia declined from 88g to 44g of protein per person per day after their lands were opened up to outsiders. Thus, the supply of wild meat is not meeting the demand. Theoretical calculations from Central Africa predict that, at current harvest rates, wild meat supplies will decline by 81% over the next 50 years.
Many more people do not depend on wildlife as a full-time source of food or income, but as a buffer to see them through times of hardship such as unemployment, crop failure, or warfare. That buffer goes if the wildlife disappears.
Thus, as human populations grow, the amount of wild meat which can be supplied from tropical forests will become increasingly unable to support human livelihoods. Moreover, the productivity of the wildlife resource is insufficient to provide capital to raise people out of poverty and into other livelihoods. Exceptions are rare, and occur where people are at extremely low population densities, e.g., the Amana Sustainable Development Reserve, Brazil, where human population densities are about 0.1 people/km2.
Savannahs and human influenced landscapes can, in theory, produce more wild meat, so their capacity to support both biodiversity conservation and human livelihood support through harvesting of wildlife is greater. Even here, however, the supply of wild meat in these systems has limits. The systems are highly variable and cannot easily be quantified, but sustainable offtake will be exceeded if human populations are high, and if offtake is supplying significant outside commercial markets.
Implications for management
How do we ensure that we conserve biodiversity and ecosystem function (Principles 4 and 5) while also respecting the rights and needs of local communities (Principles 9 and 10)?
Systems can be sustainable, but we must acknowledge that:
• There are biological limits to the amount of wild meat that natural systems can supply sustainably.
• If the people who truly depend on the resource are to continue to use it sustainably, management must ensure that user rights are clear and legally codified, and that systems are in place to ensure that only they have access to the resource.
• This usually means preventing commercial trade, and outsiders from hunting in traditional lands.
• Human livelihoods are most effectively sustained in highly modified ecosystems, where humans have intensified agriculture and grazing systems.
• To achieve sustainable landscapes, planning must be at a landscape scale. These must contain areas dedicated to production of food to meet human needs, and areas dedicated to conserving wildlife.
Consumption of wild meat is one specific case example. To examine the role which any natural resource can play in sustaining human livelihoods, a similar examination of the productivity of the resource and the needs of the users is essential in planning any extraction regime. Only if we do this can we ensure that the Addis Ababa principles of balancing human rights and needs with biodiversity conservation will be met.
Robinson, J.G. and Bennett, E.L. (2004). Having your wildlife and eating it too: an analysis of hunting sustainability across tropical ecosystems. Animal Conservation 7: 397-408.
Elizabeth Bennett is Director of the Hunting & Wildlife Trade Program for the Wildlife Conservation Society. Email:
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Sep 1, 1997
Two noted management gurus debate the pros and cons of having a hotshot employee on the payroll.
Two of our star columnists debate the value of hotshot employees
Dr. Steven Berglas: "They're management nightmares." I hear it daily. In many companies, self-centered stars who demand their own way and disregard the silent majority dominate. A growing business is the last place where these narcissists should be allowed to set up playpens.
Or maybe not. Sure, the bum rap that some business stars receive is well-founded, but let's not overgeneralize. Some of them, while cursed with an arrogant, imperious attitude that borders on (but isn't) hostility, are well worth the special care and handling they demand. Why? Because without them your business could plunge into receivership.
More often than not, your star sales director or B-school bean-counter braggart got his or her attitude the old-fashioned way: by earning it. I grant that strutting your stuff as some star employees are wont to do can upset the masses, but isn't some of the distress derived from jealousy?
Set aside results for a moment and consider morale. It's just not true that every star employee depresses the mood of a company. In fact, some raging narcissists can lift the mood of a business when, for example, it has lost a major account, because for these guys the glass is perpetually half full. So taken are they with their powers of persuasion and perspicacity that all they need to do to convert the mood of a business from bad to glad is to see some possibility for success off in the distant horizon. Truth be told, that reality-insensitive form of optimism, although grandiose, can work.
Flip the argument on its head and ask yourself if you want a horde of middling people running your company. Bereft of the moxie to weather tough or tragic times, the average Joe or Jane would collapse under the weight of a failure. But the narcissist, obnoxious though he or she may be, would probably act like the carpenter who blames his tools for bad outcomes, attributing an unwanted event to anything but his actions and proceeding, undeterred, toward his goal.
If you're considering reining in your company's self-anointed royalty, remember that their attitude can be energizing in positive ways to new hires or younger employees. People younger than 35 typically love role models who have attitude.
Many of you may be shocked that I, a licensed psychologist, am condoning the megalomaniacal behavior of some stars, of prima donnas who abuse and threaten the physical and psychological integrity of the people with whom they work. I'm not. In no way do I believe that a person who crosses the line from self-indulgence to abusive behavior should be tolerated in any organization. One instance of character assassination, sexual harassment, or physical assault, and I favor termination, EEOC rules advocating accommodations for mental illness be damned. But that's not what most prima donnas are about. They may be spoiled, but they're not sadistic or hedonistic, nor are they intentionally hurtful.
Many stars or prima donnas, in addition to being self-centered, are in fact scared. There's a lovely song from The King and I called "Whistle a Happy Tune." The singer says she whistles a happy tune when she's anxious, "so no one will suspect I'm afraid." The result of that intentional self-deception, as the song reveals, is that "when I fool the people I fear, I fool myself as well." Well, folks, this really works, and when the stars of your organization blow their own horn--even if it's in your ear--you might interpret it as their unique form of preparing for a business battle on behalf of your company. Much of the bluster that gives star employees their bad rap is a unique form of "self-medication" that allows them to function at full effectiveness despite being scared out of their wits.
Think of how, as an upstart young boxer, Muhammad Ali used self-inflation to destroy the then-formidable champion, Sonny Liston. Don't tell me that a person with an "oh, golly! I couldn't step on any toes today; it wouldn't be proper" attitude would battle a champion. And how does one build a business like MCI when facing the Goliath AT&T without an "I am the greatest" attitude? Do you think that any entrepreneur who takes on, and defeats, established businesses that control markets has an "all that matters is harmony in the workplace" orientation toward coworkers? Give me a break. The entrepreneurs who are lionized for their achievements have a "screw the naysayers; screw the establishment; get out of my way, or I'll knock you over" ethos. That's the soul of a prima donna; it's also the soul of an entrepreneurial leader.
Locker rooms are festooned with the slogan "When the going gets tough, the tough get going." You don't build businesses without that attitude, and workers who are afraid to ruffle feathers don't have it. Populate your organization exclusively with folks who don't believe that they're special, and your company's performance will mimic their attitude. Give the narcissists among you their due, as well as some special care and feeding, and I'll show you a company that's a contender for Inc. 500 honors. Sure, stars are noisy, pushy, self-centered, and brash, but boy, do they set challenging performance goals. Robert Browning wrote, "Ah, but a man's reach should exceed his grasp, or what's a heaven for?" You'll never get to business heaven by fostering peaceful coexistence over self-confidence, even if that self-confidence is the off-the-map variety manifested by star employees.
Dr. Steven Berglas is a management consultant and a psychologist on the faculty of Harvard Medical School.
Nancy K. Austin: Quick, who's more valuable to a growing company--a handful of hotshots or a guild of journeymen? Who's harder to do without, a virtuoso, or a skilled corps of reliable carpenters who can build trusty tables and unteetery chairs but have no pretensions to art?
As wages and productivity rise and unemployment stays superlow the search for A-1 people is getting pretty hairy. So plenty of employers try to lure top talent with hallucinatory salary-and-bonus packages. Even if you score, there's no way to compel a lavishly compensated wonder-worker to be an enthusiastic team player, but so what? Stars are stars because they're in a class by themselves; they don't need to work all that well with others as long as they outperform your expectations by 30% or 40% or 80%.
Meanwhile, the merely mortal yeomen and yeowomen work the mines, where performance standards keep getting higher. We ask a lot of regular employees these days. They're expected to pack their own chutes, keep their skills sharp, and work hard because they want to. Above all, they're supposed to contribute more than they cost. No 10-year, $70-million deals for them. Journeymen's work is as plain and as filling as a ploughman's lunch: not fancy, well done, and if you ask me, deeply undervalued.
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Reposted from the old TfK.
Various people are asking Are We Fighting ‘Islamic Fascists’? This in response to the President’s claim that, “This nation is at war with Islamic fascists who will use any means to destroy those of us who love freedom.” David Ignatius (linked above) says “I have been pondering since [last week] his description of the enemy. What are ‘Islamic fascists,’ and does this phrase make sense in describing America’s adversaries?” Ed Brayton chimes in that, while he isn’t wont to agree with the President, he sees the similarity. I confess that I do not think that that makes the phrase sensible.
Click through and find out why.
Both writers point to similarities in the practices of the Taliban or al Qaeda to the Nazis (not so much of a comparison is drawn to Mussolini or Franco). And the similarities are difficult to miss. Here’s the problem. While it’s true that one can find parallels between what we are fighting in Afghanistan and what we fought in Nazi Europe, the parallels don’t match the definitions of the relevant terms. It’s true, as Ignatius points out, that the Nazis and the modern enemy are both anti-semitic, but a pro-semitic fascist is not impossible, certainly not by definition. And non-fascists have certainly been anti-semitic as well, and have been anti-gay, anti-music, anti-women’s suffrage, and anti-literature, all problems that Brayton cites as comparisons. These are not, then, defining traits of the fascist.
It isn’t a sufficient condition for something to be fascist that it be bad. Fascism means something, and we forget what it meant and means at our peril. As Dave Neiwert wrote in his excellent “Rush, Newspeak and Fascism“: “As ‘fascism’ has been bandied about freely, it has come loosely to represent the broader concept of totalitarianism, which of course encompasses communism as well.” The historically minded will recall that communism and fascism were opposing forces. The United States managed to prevent either ideology from gaining a foothold, and while our vigilance against the former can relax, the latter remains a threat in our domestic politics.
Neiwert quotes scholar Roger Griffin, who explains fascism as palingenetic ultranationalist populism, where palingenesis refers to a phoenix-like rebirth. Griffin explains:
If fascism is defined in terms of a core ideology of ultra-nationalism that aspires to bring about the renewal of a nation’s entire political culture, then the picture changes. The features so firmly associated with it in the popular historical imagination cease to be definitional. Instead they can be seen as external and time-bound manifestations of the central ideological driving force that is its only permanent feature: the war against the decadence of society and the struggle for national rebirth.
Fascism was and is an essentially nationalist movement. The fasces were symbols of a united nation. Our enemy is, as we’ve all come to understand, stateless. It may be tribal, but it is transnational and panethnic. In this regard, it is more similar to Marxism than to fascism. Ignatius misses this point in his discussion of fascism as a rejection of transcendence. Yes, there is an element of transcendence that al Qaeda rejects, but it is also a fundamentally transcendent movement. It transcends political boundaries, and idealizes a transcendent set of laws.
What we face in al Qaeda is not fascist, because it is not a nationalistic movement. Nationalism was a tool to rally the middle class, and al Qaeda neither rallies a nation nor a middle class. It draws from the dispossessed of many societies, and in doing so, charts a different course than fascism did. As such it is more dangerous than fascism, because it can spread more readily. Fascism’s nationalistic character means that it must mutate drastically to find a foothold in a new nation. Fascism briefly flourished in the KKK and the Silver Shirts of this country, but could not tap into a broader cultural tradition. A nationalist movement can’t be borrowed from abroad, it must be domestic, and so fascism failed in the US as it did in France.
Islamic totalitarianism (a more correct term, which refers to the vigorous authoritarianism of the fascists, the communists and other movements) has essentially taken over the niche that communist ideology played in the developing world. It represents a way of rejecting the West and the changes that are happening to the developing world. During the Cold War, that’s what communism did. With its collapse, the developing world has found a new ideology to balance against the West. It isn’t fascism now and it wasn’t during the Cold War. It is totalitarian, and deserves opposition. It also deserves to be called what it is.
1. #1 Jolf_Moosenhoeger
August 22, 2006
You need to edit your entry. As it stands, the first paragraph emphasizes that you agree with Brayton because there is a “not” missing between “do” and “agree”.
2. #2 Josh
August 22, 2006
Thanks, Jolf.
3. #3 Raging Bee
August 22, 2006
That’s not a relevant distinction: the NAzis were “stateless” before they took control of a state.
It may be tribal, but it is transnational and panethnic.
Not quite: they may reject the national boundaries they inherited from past conquerors (just as Hitler rejected the national boundaries that divided the Aryan race), but they want to create a new state, and use state power to create a “rebirth” of the “pure” Islamic Caliphate they imagine/remember from the “golden age” when the Islamic world was the most advanced and civilized part of the world. To that extent at least, today’s Islamic radicals are indeed “fascist,” even as they might also be classified as something else.
PS: Welcome to the gang!
4. #4 Josh
August 22, 2006
The Nazis were German before and after they took control of a state. Al Qaeda is stateless. It stretches to ethnic groups and areas with no historic ties to the Caliphate (Indonesia, Africa).
Nationalism is the key characteristic of fascism, and al Qaeda, et al. admire something else. Failing to understand that just makes it harder to beat them.
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Jury Selection
The court often selects juries in cases where the trial may be held before another judge. Counsel and the parties must consent in writing. A form will be provided at the time of the jury selection. Counsel will exchange voir dire questions in advance. The court will meet briefly with trial counsel in chambers several days prior to jury selection to answer any questions and resolve any disputes as to the potential voir dire questions. No additional peremptory challenges are granted unless requested in advance via motion.
In civil cases, the strike method is used. Under this method, the number of individuals who will be the jury (e.g. 8) plus the total number of peremptory challenges (e.g. 3 + 3) are seated. Voir dire is conducted on this group and when the group has been passed for cause, peremptory challenges are exercised at the bench without additional questioning.
In criminal cases, 12 persons plus alternates are seated in the jury box. Challenges are made separately as to the jury and the alternate jurors in conformance with Fed.R.Crim.P. 24. However, counsel may agree to exercise challenges on the group as a whole instead.
In both civil and criminal cases, the court asks preliminary questions regarding background information and scheduling issues and then conducts voir dire. Counsel may approach the bench at the conclusion of the court's voir dire to suggest follow up questions.
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UBM Tech
UBM Tech
Design Article
Achieving loud, rich sound from micro speakers
Shawn Scarlett, Director of Marketing, Mobile Audio, NXP Semiconductors
7/25/2012 11:34 AM EDT
While the video screens of mobile phones, tablets and notebooks have seen stunning improvements, audio performance has lagged far behind. Phone speakers still sound quiet and tinny, limited by their tiny size. Designers use various techniques to increase the volume and sound quality, but with limited success. They also bring risks: blown speakers are a common cause of failures in mobiles.
Simply limiting the output power makes for a poor user experience, and doesn't protect against blocked speaker ports or high ambient temperatures. Temperature measurements can help but do little to improve sound quality. High-pass filters reduce the speaker excursion at the resonant frequency but cut out too much bass.
Feed-forward techniques can improve bass response but on their own aren't enough and the can be a reliability risk. Additionally, clipping and low battery voltages can degrade sound quality even further.
This article will address these issues, as well as discuss NXP's new TFA9887 - offered as the first IC to solve all these problems, using a combination of techniques including adaptive excursion control.
Speakers come full circle
Speakers and phones have developed hand-in-hand for over 150 years. The first speakers were used in telephone receivers, shortly afterwards they branched off into sound reinforcement and grew larger and more powerful.
In the 1980s and 90s things came full circle. Modern mobile phones have two speakers. One, still called a receiver, is in the earpiece. The second is for sound reinforcement, for things like ringtones, music playback and hands-free calling.
Micro speakers try to bridge the gap, aiming to produce room-filling sound from a tiny volume. What began with a move to play better polyphonic ringtones has now grown towards using a cell phone instead of a home stereo. These speakers are caught between two opposing trends, more output power and smaller size. As these trends accelerate, speaker designers are starting to look for new and innovative ways to get the best possible sound.
Modern micro speakers have a permanent magnet and a voice coil that is attached to a diaphragm that pushes the air to create sound. The entire speaker is enclosed in protective box that provides the "back volume" for the speaker to push against and project the sound from the speaker.
Output limited by temperature...
The first way to get more sound out of a speaker is simply to put more electrical power in. Small micro speakers rated at ½ Watt can generally handle many times that for very short periods. All the extra power going in has to come out somewhere, though.
Maximizing efficiency converts as much power as possible into sound. However, much is still wasted as heat in the voice coil. This 'self heating' is directly related to the current in the voice coil. If the temperature climbs too high, the glue holding the voice coil together can be torn apart (Figure 1).
Figure 1: Dissipating too much heat can tear the voice coil apart.
The speaker is cooled by conducting the heat out through the membrane, case and other components and by the cooling effect of moving air from the sound waves themselves. Lower frequencies generate more air movement causing more cooling and hence allowing higher powers.
This relation breaks down if the speaker port is blocked, the air movement is restricted or the ambient temperature rises. If the air cannot cool the coil, the internal temperature rises much faster than expected, and the speaker can be damaged in a few seconds. The relationship between coil temperature, power level, frequency, duration, ambient temperature, and airflow is complex, and is virtually impossible to reliably predict.
...and speaker excursion
Because micro speakers must be small, it is easy to move the diaphragm further than the maximum allowable excursion (typically around 0.4 mm). As speakers get thinner, the excursion becomes smaller, which is a major restriction on output sound level.
A speaker's biggest excursion problem comes at and near its resonant frequency. At the resonant frequency the membrane moves easily, so small amounts of power can push the speaker beyond its limit. Micro speaker systems normally add a high-pass filter at around 1000 Hz to reduce the excursion. This can minimize the impact of the resonance peak, but losing the bass significantly degrades the sound quality.
The resonant frequency can change dramatically over the operating conditions, too. Temperature, ageing, a poorly designed phone case, and changes in the acoustic environment like blocking a speaker port will all cause shifts in the resonant frequency. Wear-and-tear on the phone case can also cause leaks in the speaker's back-volume. Any of these changes can cause speaker failure in a fixed-filter system.
Tony Casey
7/26/2012 4:08 AM EDT
It is not strictly correct to state that loudspeaker impedance rises linearly with temperature. Only the resistive part of impedance due to the voice coil behaves this way.
Over most of the frequency range of a typical moving coil loudspeaker, the impedance is dominated by either the motional impedance caused by back-emf at low frequencies, or voice coil inductance at high frequencies. It is only essentially resistive in a narrow frequency range between these two, where it is largely determined by the voice coil resistance.
Any attempt to infer temperature by measuring current, must therefore take this into account (presumably by bandpass filtering the current sense signal).
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7/30/2012 2:06 AM EDT
Good point. But the *rise* in impedance should be linear with temperature. so, if you take a 25C measurement across the spectrum, you should get a nice linear increase across the full spectrum as temperature increases.
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Tony Casey
7/30/2012 7:06 AM EDT
That's not something you can rely on either.
For example, suspension compliance will change significantly with temperature, changing both the resonant frequency and impedance peak. Moving mass, on the other hand, should remain constant. :-)
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8/1/2012 6:02 AM EDT
Yes, and not only with temperature but with aging. Ideally, positional determination should be independent.
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7/26/2012 12:20 PM EDT
OK, so as far as I can tell the cone positional information is not exactly acquired in real time (which would be very difficult) but rather developed as a model which resides in the DSP.
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7/26/2012 12:58 PM EDT
Does this part have any value for piezo speakers?
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7/26/2012 3:21 PM EDT
While what the author is stating is true it is much more important to provide a means of acoustic control over the diaphragm. The low frequencies need not be limited by back EMF nor the highs by inductance if a means to provide constant pressure behind the driver is provided. Typically the driver will have a more shallow roll off and not experience as much breakup under these conditions. Pat.7207413 B2 and others pending to allow for dynamic volume modification of the enclosed volume behind the driver. Impedance variations are also not as aggressive and critically damped resonance peaks enhance bass response. These conditions are established pre-electronics allowing for less aggressive DSP requirements to fix the speaker.
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7/27/2012 8:37 AM EDT
Author has briefed an important topic and triggered my thoughts. Always there is research going on improving the quality of the sound produce by the loud speakers. This is because the loud speaker efficiency is around 5% maximum. When it comes to fidelity again a quite a lot of limitations. This is because the speaker has to reproduce about more than a 1000 different types musical instruments sounds from a big drum to a smallest string instrument.So naturally it is difficult to design a single transducer to reproduce these sounds.And micro loudspeakers really tough to satisfy.Researchers can think of any other new type of transducer.
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8/3/2012 7:13 PM EDT
How about using some of that air pumping functionality to cool the coil?
Add a sub chamber and and a mechanical diode (one way valve for the air) and project it along the coil or better inside it.
badabing badabong.
Now only do this at the exteme travel points and add damping and only pump cooling air when at max power when you need it.
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Pin It
What is the story of the Marigny mansion and what happened to it?
Hey Blake,
What is the story of the Marigny mansion? What ever happened to it?
Brandon Dupre
Dear Brandon,
Well, back in the days when the word "preservation" was used by women when they discussed peaches and beans, the house was torn down and a power plant was erected in 1895-96. But the story of the mansion itself is overshadowed by the story of the man who occupied it.
The Marigny Mansion, long a landmark below Esplanade Avenue at the river end of Elysian Fields, had once belonged to Bernard Xavier Philippe de Marigny de Mandeville: an aristocrat, a duelist, a businessman, a politician, a lover, a bon viveur -- a Creole's Creole.
Bernard's family had come to the New World even before there was a Louisiana, and by the late 1700s, Bernard's father was New Orleans' biggest property holder. His son Bernard, born in New Orleans in 1785, grew up quite spoiled. In fact, a houseguest of the family during Bernard's youth was the Duc d'Orleans, later King Louis Philippe.
When, at age 16, Bernard's parents died, his halcyon days of hunting, riding, dueling and dancing were interrupted when his family shipped him off to Pensacola, Fla., to learn business from a strict Scotsman guardian. After an incident with a Florida beauty, the Scotsman sent Bernard packing.
Next, the family decided to try England. Bernard loved England, especially because it was so close to France. He embraced all things English and French, especially the Parisian girls. So back home he went. And he was still only 18.
It is commonly believed in New Orleans that Bernard brought home a dice game called "Hazard." He taught it to his Creole pals, among whom it became wildly popular. However, because the game was associated with the French, whom the English called "Johnny Crapauds," the Americans first referred to it as "Johnny Crapaud's" game. Eventually, as popularity for the game grew among the Americans, the name was shortened to "crapaud's" and later to "craps." However, Hazard was played in England and France at least as early as the 14th century, and a more likely theory is that the name of the popular American dice game of craps derives from the nickname "crabs" for the cast 1-1 in Hazard.
After two years of reckless living and huge gambling losses, Marigny was forced to sell some of his vast plantation. In 1808, he began to subdivide part of his plantation nearest the city and sell the lots. So began Faubourg Marigny, a separate community with separate streets. And what streets they were! Marigny had a real gift for naming them. Among others, there were Elysian Fields, Bagatelle, Antoine, Peace, History, Good Children, Great Men, Victory, Love and Craps. Of course, they were all originally in French. Except for Elysian Fields, they have all been renamed.
By the time Bernard was 23, he had been married and widowed and was the father of two sons. However, he remarried a Spanish beauty who gave him five more sons.
In 1829, Marigny began his project across Lake Pontchartrain. After acquiring thousands of acres, he built two large houses, roads and walks and named his new place Fontainebleau for the summer chateau of the French King. Friends arrived by the boatload and were treated to a splendid time of eating, drinking, hunting and fishing. So Bernard planned an entire town around his vacation spot and gave it his name: Mandeville.
Back in the city, two developers -- Samuel J. Peters and James H. Caldwell -- were making plans for Marigny's new subdivision. This was the direction in which the new city would grow, and these wealthy Americans wanted to buy the property. Being heavily in debt, Marigny thought it a good idea to sell. However, more than once Madame Marigny refused to appear to sign the papers. The Americans were furious, and Marigny lost a golden opportunity because the city grew Uptown. Life was never the same for Bernard. His debts continued to mount, he lost most of his land, he moved out of his mansion, and on a cold February morning in 1868, he slipped, fell and hit his head. Within a few minutes, he was dead.
click to enlarge The 1800s Northshore vacation spot of Bernard Xavier Philippe de Marigny de Mandeville still bears the aristocrat's name. - Rebecca Thiel
• Rebecca Thiel
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look up any word, like bootylicious:
1. actionista
An actionista is someone who is about it. Someone edged. Someone on the go. Confident in their abililty to handle people or situations so they don't need to waste time thinking or talking about it, they do it. Could be applied to anyone serious about making something happen. When the word was first used though by me I specifically meant it to refer to paid female companions - escorts that were the real deal.
When you get tired of dealing in fantasy and you're ready for the real thing you'll seek an actionista for fullfillment.
rss and gcal
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Tell me more ×
Here's a simple, yet frustrating, problem. I cannot check my oil, because the dipstick is stuck fast to the tube.
I don't really want to pull and twist so hard that it breaks off.
share|improve this question
1 Answer
Try pulling it when the engine is hot. A that point the metals might have expanded a little and you might actually get it out.
share|improve this answer
I agree - you might want to add a couple of firm taps with a metal mallet as well. Don't bend anything - you just want to let any corrosion or adhesion know that you mean business. – Bob Cross Mar 26 '12 at 1:06
Your Answer
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Report Offensive Message
Why do you like it?
I notice that this article has 4.5 stars, but I posted the only comment which was completely negative. If you people like this so much, why no positive comments. My assumption is you know it's crap, but as managers you can just thrust the review responsibilities on the employee and his peers, then summarize. I've been an employee and I've been a contractor for many years, so I think I know crap in the office place when I see it. Tell me why I'm wrong.
24th May 2005
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Success Factor: Don’t Depend On One Market
genericmobile.gifIt’s well known in the non-mobile world that you shouldn’t rely on one market. However, in mobile, this issue seems to be more pertinent due to the hold some players have in the mobile market.
In terms of mobile, a single market might be, for example, selling to one customer, one OEM, one network operator or even via one application store.
I have seen many developers stung this way. For example, developers who once made a good commission on Handango now complain that successive commission changes have made selling software less viable. I have also known a case when an ISV was complaining that it took months to get their application on a well known handset OEM’s application portal and they were losing money as a result. A more recent example is the iPhone store where $1 applications have killed the gold rush and stifled innovation for the majority of developers. I have also seen a few examples where (especially small) mobile companies have become reliant on a single large customer only for this customer to change their strategy and drop their product.
The key problem is a market can change. The trap is that when you are successful, it’s easy to ignore the fact that things can change. You are bringing in money and you are happy. You ignore the risk that you are relying on one customer.
The solution to this issue is not to become complacent. This is especially so when you are successful. Find alternative markets. Develop alternative products in parallel. Also, don’t sign exclusives.
Related Articles:
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Breaking News on Global Pharmaceutical Technology & Manufacturing
Headlines > Regulatory & Safety
FDA advises on preventing and responding to drug theft
By Nick Taylor , 29-Apr-2010
The FDA has issued a letter to stakeholders detailing best practices for preventing and responding to theft of pharma products.
In recent months there have been a number of high profile thefts from pharma facilities, such as the $75m (€57m) heist from Eli Lilly, and this has prompted the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to contact stakeholders.
A central message of the FDA letter is that “the best intervention is to prevent these thefts from occurring in the first place”. Consequently, the agency believes companies must “continuously review” physical warehouse security, onsite practices and transport procedures.
Security review and improvement should occur across the supply chain, from the point of manufacturing through to the location where the product is sold, added the agency.
Furthermore, the letter recommends companies check that their business partners and carriers are also reviewing and strengthening security practices. By remaining vigilant across the supply chain the FDA believes companies can stay “one-step ahead of thieves”.
In the event of a theft
Following a theft the primary concern for the FDA is how to minimise the risk to public health. Improper handling and storage of stolen drugs is believed to have led to adverse events and consequently the agency has “developed streamlined procedures” to help it respond quickly.
In the event of a theft the company should promptly notify the FDA and issue a public notification. Alerting the public is intended to make people wary of products being sold at unusually low prices and make it more difficult for thieves the sell the drugs back into the legitimate supply chain.
The agency added that in some cases it may be necessary to withdraw the product already in the supply chain with the same lot numbers as the stolen goods. This is intended to protect the public and the FDA works closely with businesses to determine the appropriate actions.
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Test Drive
Honda updates its smallest, most economical US model with more space, new features and increased refinement. Does that mean it's over the hill?
2009 Honda Fit Honda's entry-level Fit gets a bump in power and several bumps in refinement. Popular Science
The first Japanese hatchback I ever loved was a borrowed, battered 1978 Honda Accord CVCC. It was punchy and raw, light as a laundry basket and it loved to be tossed into a dusty bend and coaxed back out. It was just the thing for a teenaged-hack Stig Blomqvist with more hormones than money, and I returned it reluctantly, a changed not-quite man.
Fast-forward a few hundred years. The first-generation Honda Fit arrived in the US in 2006 with a similar agile, connected feel. Refined, well-appointed and put together like a German microscope, the subcompact had a coltish charm recalling all the late-70s Japanese cars critics of the time termed "energetic," "peppy" and, well, "coltish," condescension pistols set on stun.
Time marches onward, and the colt's grown into a fine ridgling. That, if you're wondering, is a non-castrated male horse, four years or more, with an undescended testicle. Hats off to you, Wikipedia.
The 2009 Fit may have matured, but it hasn't been neutered. It's still got plenty of pep and it's an even better value than before. It's larger, easier to use, and more likely to replace a bigger, thirstier car in daily rotation. It's still got the best entry-level build quality this side of a Philippe Starck steam iron and can seduce 10 cups of coffee at a time into its clutches. Tally ho!
If the Fit has lost anything, it’s a certain feeling of youthful abandon. That’s owed chiefly to several upgrades executed with an eye toward attracting older buyers downsizing from larger cars, a hopeful addition to the younger buyers traditionally seeking out entry-level cars, in between sips of XO energy beverage.
The new model doesn’t crack out of the gate like a line drive, but more thoughtfully, like a sprinter executing a 50-yard dash. Make that a 25-yard dash. While more powerful this year, at 117 hp (up from 109 hp), the 1.5-liter, four-cylinder naturally runs out of go earlier than the two-liter peppermill in the larger Civic. Torque is up slightly, from 105 pounds-feet to 106. All of that is enough to counter a slight bump in weight. The typically sublime Honda stick shift with near-perfect throws is still the best way to manipulate the Fit’s power band, but a five-speed automatic with paddle shifters works just fine.
The new Fit’s also quieter, owing to a more strenuous noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) program. As well, someone's dialed back some of the steering quickness at dead-center position so coffee-drinking drivers can pilot single-handedly. Things sharpen up at higher speeds, thanks to a well-sorted power-assist system atop a reworked rack-and-pinion setup. Just as well, a more pliant suspension has reduced impact on peak-earning-years posteriors. Overall, the urgency knob's been turned down a click, but none too alienating.
The '09 Fit shares a recognizable visual attitude with the previous model, but it's actually gotten a ground-up redesign. It's gained nearly two inches of wheelbase to 98.4 inches and just over four inches in length to 153.5 inches. Overall, it’s 0.8 inch wider than before, with 1.4 inches more at the front track and 1.2 inches wider at the rear.
A centrally located fuel tank is still key to the Fit's interior spaciousness, part of an approach Honda calls "Man-Maximum, Machine-Minimum." That's not a lost Isaac Asimov novel; it means the primary engineering goal was to maximize space for people by reducing how much space the machinery takes up. The longer wheelbase best represents in rear-seat legroom, up 1.6 inches. Cargo space sums to a generous 14.2 cubic feet.
The windshield’s been cantered forward a perceptible 4.7 inches, adding to the front-seat roominess. A set of tri-sided windows now cut through at each of the front corners, improving visibility that had been hampered by the previous model’s profuse A-pillars. They make both changing lanes and setting up cornering position far easier than the old “point and pray” system.
The rear cargo area is even easier to negotiate for 2009, with a one-handed seat adjustment system, the function of an altered rear head-rest design that allows direct fold-down.
And finally, there’s the part of the spec sheet that’s kept prospective buyers lining up, thousands deep, at Honda dealerships lately. The 2009 Fit manual turns in gas-mileage figures of 27 city and 33 highway (the autobox scores even higher at 28 city / 35 highway, with the Sport model slightly lower thanks to the increased resistance of cool wheels and body kit). Seems like old times.
UPDATE: Forgot to mention. New for 2009, Fit buyers will get the option of electronic stability control. They'll have to spring for the top-of-the-line model, however, which includes nav system, for $17,910 (manual) or $18,760 (automatic). Base model starts at $14,550.
Take a look inside, here.
The first Fit was a bit of a style disaster, I would say.
Earlier this year, I was looking for a new car. After spending few weeks just browsing around all dealers on all brands, I came to the following conclusion about economic cars: The cheaper on gas they go, the less attractive they are.
And this is of course refering to the young generation. Young people are looking for cars that are not too expensive, cheap on gas but also, that look good.
The Fit lacked the look (even with the sports package(added side skirts,spoiler,rims)) that a lot of youngsters (including me) are looking for.
Forgot to add that the new 09 version looks like a car I would consider buying. They fixed the design and made it more sporty. Props.
Personally, I found the previous Fit to be so ugly that is was actually handsome. The new one looks OK, but has lost a lot of character.
As for both the old one and the new one, mileage in the range of 27/33 mpg isn't all that impressive.
Give us a diesel that gets 60-70 mpg.
I don't understand why the fit does not get better mileage. It weighs less than the civic and has a 1.5 liter vs. 2.0 liter engine and gets worse mileage. This car should be getting in the mid to upper 40s on the highway. I like the styling fine but would not buy this car with such mediocre mileage.
Yes, why doesn't the Fit get better mileage indeed! My '04 Accord is a 34 mpg performer on the highway, and has much more power and room. This car seems to have an identity crisis. Economy car? Sorta. Sporty car? Sorta. Roomy car? Sorta. Ok Honda, what purpose does this car serve? The Civic used to do much of what this one does, until it got larger, heavier, more expensive, and more refined. Does anyone see a pattern here?
Considering that this is Popular Science, most of you may want to look at fueleconomy.gov to understand EPA testing requirement and changes before whining about MPG. Of course design is subjective, but if you wanted a Ferrai or Porshe then go get one. But for the rest that would need to look at subcompact the 2009 Honda Fit seems to be above average for the cars in it's class.
Having owned one Honda car or another throughout my life: CRV, Pilot, Integra (Acura) and deciding to purchase a Honda Fit last month, I find the Fit, although not the best looking in design, provides amazing handling and lots of space. Not only is it fun to drive, it is roomy enough for 5 and cargo space is magically large!
MPG increase with thoughtful driving. Abrupt breaking and speeding will bring those numbers down. Driving in the country we can get almost 40MPG driving 60MPH on average. City numbers range between 29MPG and 33MPG. Best part is not having to visit the gas station as often, and better yet, a $20-bill will fill the tank!
In the later part last year, many car companies declared bankruptcy that it cause panic to the people not only in the USA but also around the world. Luckily, the car industry had already recovered from the crisis. According to economist, the economy is getting better now. But the people do not believe for the economy is still the same, they thought. The unemployment rate is still high. Well, they are hoping that before the end of this year, they would have their job again. The time is so tough and we can’t deny the fact that money matters in this world. Well, from our experience, it isn't easy to get financing from banks, especially if you don't have perfect credit – and they don't want to finance anyone unless they're so rich they don't need any financing – and that's why some people look into installment loans for bad credit. Installment loans for bad credit mean loans that come with a plan for multiple payments – and it could mean anything from a large-scale business loan or mortgage, to a short term loan to float you in between paydays. There are online lenders out there – if you need a company that can direct deposit the funds quickly. There are plenty of companies that offer installment loans for bad credit that you can apply for a loan through. Please visit this site to read more: http://personalmoneystore.com/moneyblog/2009/08/31/installment-loans-bad-credit-quickly-easily/
It seems we are all interested in the car, everyone has commented so many of them and I think that the same people
The Honda with its lower price tag is won of the most favored vehicles on the market. It is always stylish and has always handled the road well. This vehicle appears to be keeping up with the "Jones" with it cool exterior, great fixtures and the ever demanding fuel efficient tank will ensure the Honda remains in the top end of sale able vehicles.
currently this car is my dream car... high technology engine, fuel save, nice design...
June 2013: American Energy Independence
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Tuesday, March 15, 2011
Travel light and keep moving
It’s nice, I guess, to be credited as the founder or initiator of a literature that has burgeoned in the law reviews over the last ten or twelve years. Hence, I enjoyed noting a newly published article by Ilan Benshalom and Kendra Stead, entitled “Values and (Market) Valuations: A Critique of the Endowment Tax Consensus,” which begins as follows:
“A consensus is hard to come by, and to the extent you find one you should be suspicious of it. There are hints of such a consensus among several prominent tax scholars—endorsement of endowment as the ideal tax base. An endowment tax would be based on individuals’ ability to earn income rather than on income actually earned. This Article challenges this agenda at a crucial moment, as developments in genetics and quantitative social sciences may start allowing endowment taxation to creep outside the boundaries of abstract tax theory, potentially affecting real tax policy arrangements.
“Many leading tax scholars writing today have endorsed the endowment tax—that is, the tax of material wealth and innate earning capacity one is born into—as a tax base superior to consumption or income. Daniel Shaviro was the first tax law scholar to articulate the potential importance of the endowment tax, noting that endowment could serve as a proxy for well-being. Viewed as an indicator of well-being, endowment appears to be an equitable tax base under certain liberal egalitarian approaches. The main appeal of the endowment tax, however, is that its progressivity does not seem to have very high efficiency costs. If endowment is innate, individuals cannot change their behaviors to avoid the tax and will therefore have the incentive to allocate their time and wealth resources in the most efficient way. Given the undeniable force behind this reasoning, the notion of endowment as an ideal tax base has won many supporters.”
Benshalom and Stead then criticize the idea and several of its prominent recent proponents, making what they recognize is a more old-fashioned case for wanting to base taxes on actual earnings or income, rather than on some gauge of mere potential.
My original article on endowment taxation attempts to make one point clear that has frequently been forgotten in the debate (which itself sometimes strikes me as having too much of an angels-on-the-head-of-a-pin character).
“Inequality … plays an important role in a variety of views of distributive justice, although under any it rests at least one turtle from the bottom. [Footnote citing the old story of the woman who claimed that the earth rests on the back of a turtle and, when asked what the turtle rests on, responded that it was “turtles all the way down.”] The move from a description of who is better-off under some metric to the claim that tax burdens should vary by reason of the differences that this metric identifies requires motivation.”
I argue that, under plausible assumptions, endowment or earnings ability is one turtle down from actually observed income or market consumption as a marker of material wellbeing. For example, if we think of utility as produced by market consumption plus leisure, someone who voluntarily chooses more leisure isn’t, by reason of the choice, worse-off than someone who happens to prefer choosing more work and market consumption.
But endowment differences, even if deemed both meaningful and measurable, don’t get you all the way to relative wellbeing, and they certainly don’t get you all the way to relative marginal utility of a dollar given people’s circumstances, which is the key distributional factor in a utilitarian social welfare function.
So we’ll always remain a few turtles from the bottom (to put it optimistically), no matter how far down we go. And endowment can’t be a first-best tax and transfer base, any more than income or consumption, even if in some respects it’s superior. (Not in all respects, however – for example, it can’t address the role of an income or consumption tax in addressing the risks associated with under-diversified human capital, e.g., because one may have to specialize in a particular profession that faces variable future returns.)
First-bests are generally unavailable theoretically, not just practically.
1 comment:
llq said...
Possibly the most amazing blog that I read all year dresses with sleeves!?!
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http://danshaviro.blogspot.com/2011/03/travel-light-and-keep-moving.html
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Retention II
On May 5, 2010, in More2Know, by John Sumser
rentention-iiLike lemmings, the vendors in our industry have latched on to the concept of retention as an alternative to solid Labor Supply Management. Like most ill considered fads, it’s just plain stupid as a generality. Sure, workplaces should be places that employees find challenging and like to visit. Certainly, equity (both financial and political) is a critical workplace issue. But, keeping everybody forever is not a good idea.
Consider the federal government, the acknowledged master of retention. (That should scare you adequately…get a retention program so you can mold your management to follow the government example.) The particularly outrageous retirement benefits lock employees into jobs and career tracks. Challenge is a secondary concern, getting the job done every day is the basic mode.
The retention programs are so good that it has been hard, for a generation, to get a job in government. Essentially, someone must die for an opening to be created. The same holds true for advancement.
Now, the government is facing the consequences of really good retention. In many offices, from the IRS to the CIA, 50% of the employees in the agency will retire during the comingyears. And, guess what? There is nobody in line for the jobs.
Successful retention programs caused the government to lose its touch with the real changing market dynamics of acquiring and maintaining employees. As a result, the restaffing of the government will require increased pay, modified benefits and a host of alternative approaches. Their extremely successful retention packages will force them to become a very aggressive player in the competition for Human Capital over the next five years.
Meanwhile, the real information worker labor shortage is escalating out of the sight of the economists..
The point is that very clear thinking is required on the subject of human capital and inventory management. There are no generalities that work at the top level. An organization is no more likely to want to retain all of its employees than it is to want to fire them all. Retention programs must be tailored to achieve very precise objectives.
Retention is not a panacea.
• Mark Schmit
Also, have you ever seen a successful on-boarding process in a company with a very high retention rate? They forget how to do it…the culture treats new people as outcasts…then you get a bimodal retention program where the old stay, the new leave.
Page 1 of 11
More in More2Know (99 of 107 articles)
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Tell me more ×
I know that there is a 15 block limit before a repeater is needed, however I am looking for the TOTAL distance that current can travel. Is it infinite? Can I keep adding repeaters and go on forever?
I don't mind whether "old-school" repeaters are used (2 NOT gates) or the ones added in Beta 1.5, biggest distance wins.
Interesting stuff guys, I would love to see some pictures of your findings!
share|improve this question
I'm curious what the purpose of the bounty is; it seems like Ronan gave you an exhaustive answer 7 minutes after you asked, and you didn't expand on your question. – Nick T May 21 '11 at 2:09
@Nick I'm looking for a more specific answer - Ronan's doesn't give a hard limit, just that it will stop when some of the wire is no longer loaded. – soulBit May 21 '11 at 9:51
That's because there is no limit, it depends on how many other chunks are loaded, render distance and RAM(?) – Ronan Forman May 21 '11 at 19:10
maybe this is also interesting for you: They claim, that redstone will cease operating after 281 blocks (which are 17.5 chunks) – frosch03 Jun 22 '11 at 7:36
6 Answers
up vote 14 down vote accepted
Short version:
Using repeaters the travel distance is infinite. This can be exploited to build moderately large memory buffers utilizing delay-line memory, for fun and profit.
Note that there might be practical limits to how much the game engine can handle before it blows up.
Long version:
If it is not a question of distance, but rather an issue of the theoretical maximum number of wire/repeater blocks that can be powered by a single redstone torch, this number is fairly large.
When you consider the fact that redstone repeaters will reset current to 15, the actual distance itself is infinite, but there is a practical distance; loaded chunks. This limits you to an area of 16 * 16 * 81; and if you want to keep your circuits isolated; this works out to an approximate upper limit of 11000 powered pieces of wire/repeater, unless you use nothing but repeaters and wires for turns, in which case you can almost completely tesselate all of the loaded area, allowing for a lossage of approximately 144 blocks to turning space.
Edit: It's worth noting that in an all-repeater configuration; while you get upwards of 20000 square meters of active redstone; said redstone won't be able to power anything much; and any escape gap you make to allow devices to draw power will carry a pretty big penalty to the number of blocks that can be powered (upwards of an entire row).
Reedit: Did a bit of a gaffe in my math:
In an all-repeater configuration, you can also use several levels; up to about 62 (allowing for bedrock and sky) layers of tightly packed redstone; giving you somewhere north of 1,200,000 meters of redstone current; or a little south of 1.2 megabits of storage in delay-line memory; 150 kilobytes.
In a single player game this 150kB is as such the absolute maximum storage any Minecraft-based computer can have. 150kB might not sound like a lot; but if you use some sort of clock and a suitably designed buffer, it amounts to almost 10 minutes of 256-tone music, or over an hour if you limit yourself to 32 tones. (Of course, you would have no space to build the music player and still have the memory work, but that's not the point. ;)
A screenshot of a possible design of a Minecraft High-Density Memory Cell:
Repeater memory cell concept
Not pictured: A monostable circuit allowing 1-tick input and a loopback device turning it into permanent memory
This particular design uses both ^^ gates and compact repeaters; the function of the repeaters is essentially to increase isolation, increasing density and, by extension, distance; but they also double as delay-line memory. A memory cell like this built from bedrock (4) to sky (128) over 81 chunks has an approximate maximum travel distance for a redstone pulse of 144 * 144 * ((128 - 4) / 2) + (128 - 4) = 1,285,756 meters; with a total capacity of 1,276,828 bits.
Note: Working out how large a stretch of redstone will have to be sacrificed in the central chunk of this memory cell in order to build a 32-tone music player; a 32-bit buffer and utilities to program the music is left as an exercise to the reader.
As is actually building it and seeing if it will actually work on the scale described. ;)
share|improve this answer
Short answer:
It can go on forever lit torches and repeaters will always give a current of 15.
Long answer:
Current will travel until some of the wire is no longer loaded, if the source of the current is not inside the render distance current will not start. (This is why Minecraft inside Mincraft will not work, there is not enough space to run all of a computer)
share|improve this answer
81 local chunks are loaded into memory at any one time, and each chunk is 16 blocks long. So, based on that current should be able to travel at most 16 * 9 = 144 blocks. – chandsie May 13 '11 at 16:25
That's a straight line though - you can have a longer line, as long as it is bent. – Douglas Leeder May 13 '11 at 16:32
What he said -- redstone will work anywhere in a loaded chunk. if you have a powered wire that goes out of the loaded area and then comes back in, the wire will be powered until it hits the edge of the loaded chunk, then where it comes back in it will be unpowered. – Doktor J May 13 '11 at 16:41
What if the user walks alongside the wire as current is traveling down the wire? What about SMP servers with multiple people spread out to keep as many chunks loaded as possible? I feel like combining both of those, as well as having users set their coordinates on the map, the answer truly could be infinite, as long as people have the patience to continue moving into new chunks. – Dave McClelland May 17 '11 at 19:55
@Dave I was going to test the walking down a wire theory but spawning that much wire at once crashed the game. :( – Ronan Forman May 17 '11 at 21:08
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You can extend the range as far as you want in SMP, as long as other players or bots are in place to keep chunks in memory that are outside the 81 chunks that are loaded around the player. Several of the larger redstone creations on youtube have bots stationed at regular intervals to keep the whole circuit in memory.
In single player you are limited to 81 chunks, 144 blocks.
share|improve this answer
144 blocks plus up/down! – Joe the Person Oct 23 '11 at 2:40
For those running their own server - a bit of additional information. I'm running 1.8. I had built a very long circuit which was not working. I didn't count or do the math, but FYI -- I changed my view-distance parameter from the default of 10 to 15 and my circuit worked as expected. Apparently, as I'd hoped, a longer view-distance keeps more chunks in memory.
share|improve this answer
I've done some research into this myself. I've got 16 sets of memory at 2bytes each. Each memory section is approx 40 blocks long. Redstone propagation is good up to the 5 section. Sometimes it will get as far as the 8th section. So current is limited to 200 blocks reliably, and up to 320 will limited reliability. I'm on a normal render distance, and it's possible that with a higher render, you'll get farther propagation.
I'm using standard side-by-side parallel communication with a space between lines. At 16 bits per section, that leaves 32 blocks reserved for communication. The additional 8 is required space for routing of signals to where they need to go. These are sustained by redstone repeaters at approx 12-14 blocks between each.
Now this is lateral communication, not vertical. Because vertical remains within the same chunk, I believe that vertical signal propagation is infinite to the min and max of the chunk itself.
share|improve this answer
This, of course, is assuming that the player isn't moving. – GnomeSlice Jul 15 '12 at 21:03
15 Blocks is your answer. With repeaters it can be infinite.
share|improve this answer
Please refrain from making posts that don't add anything already mentioned by other answerers. – Nick T May 21 '11 at 15:57
Your Answer
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Student Login
Hydroponics II BHT213
Study Hydroponics -Distance Education School -Home Study Course
Course developed and supported by:
Dr Lynn Morgan PhD, renowned international hydroponic consultant and author.
Lesson Structure
There are 11 lessons in this course:
1. How the Crop Plant Grows
• Understanding how a plant grows in hydroponics, plant growth factors, manipulating and controlling growth, plant troubleshooting, resources, fruit set management, pollination issues, flower initiation, flower and fruit development etc.
2. How to Run a Small Evaluation Trial
3. Harvest and Post Harvest
4. Tomatoes
5. Capsicum
6. Lettuce, Salad Greens and Foliage Herb Crops
7. Cucurbits (Cucumber and Melons)
8. Strawberries
9. Roses
10. Carnations
11. Orchids
• Determine and explain factors that influence the growth of a crop.
• Design and conduct a trial to evaluate the commercial prospect of growing a chosen hydroponic crop
• Determine appropriate harvest and post harvest treatments for different types of hydroponic crops.
• Determine an appropriate procedure for hydroponic production of a commercial tomato crop in any given location.
• Determine an appropriate procedure for hydroponic production of a commercial capsicum crop in any given location.
• Determine an appropriate procedure for hydroponic production of a commercial Lettuce, Salad Greens and Foliage Herb Crops in any given location.
• Determine an appropriate procedure for hydroponic production of a commercial cucurbit crop in any given location.
• Determine an appropriate procedure for hydroponic production of a commercial strawberry crop in any given location.
• Determine an appropriate procedure for hydroponic production of a commercial cut flower rose crop in any given location.
• Determine an appropriate procedure for hydroponic production of a commercial cut flower carnation crop in any given location.
• Determine an appropriate procedure for hydroponic production of a commercial cut flower Orchid crop in any given location.
Author of the best selling book "Commercial Hydroponics", started teaching and practicing hydroponics in the early 1970's. Has worked across many areas of horticulture for 450 yrs; garden editor for Home Grown Magazine.
Partner in SUNTEC International Hydroponic Consultants
How to Run a Hydroponic Trial
Many hydroponic growers make the basic mistake of not testing and perfecting their method for growing a crop, before they invest a lot of time and money in a full scale project. Running a samall trial may take time; but it is the best way to minimize the risk and reduce the chance of wasting a great deal of money and time.
Hydroponic grower trials attempt to simulate conditions under which a crop might be grown commercially, but on a much smaller, and less costly scale.
They often compare the success of growing a number of different plants, or groups of plants.
There are many different variables that can affect the success or failure of a hydroponic crop. These fall into different categories, including:
• Type of system
• Nutrition supplied
• Water supplied
• Plant cultivar being grown
• Environmental conditions (eg. Temperature, light, air quality)
• Exposure to pest and disease
• Cultural Management (eg. Pruning, spacing, harvest time, etc).
A useful trial is generally designed to compare one type of factor, and in order to do this effectively, all but that one type of factor must be kept the same.
For example: Four different tomato varieties are all grown in the same system, each being exposed to identical growing conditions (ie. same nutrition, same hydroponic system, same nutrition, etc).
The same variety of tomato is grown in four different hydroponic systems, but using the same nutrient, pruned and trained the same way, fed the same nutrient at the same rate, etc).
Growers are advised to conduct a field trial before growing any new crop or cultivar on a commercial basis. Too often growers spend a lot of money, time and effort setting up a system only to find the crop underperforms or even fails. A field trial avoids many such problems by allowing the grower to assess and compare different crop treatments on a small scale before embarking on a full-scale effort.
Examples of crop trials commonly used by growers include trialing different crops, evaluating new cultivars, and comparing growing media or feeding strategies.
Basics of setting up a comparison trial
A crop trial is basically an experiment that allows the grower to make comparisons between different treatments. The treatment might be an adjustment to a nutrient solution, trialing a new cultivar, trying out a different growing medium, etc.
The design and analysis of a meaningful crop trial will often require the help of a professional horticultural consultant. Before setting up the trial, the grower needs to decide on the size of the trial and the number of treatments (e.g. comparisons between new cultivars or different levels of a nutrient) to be tested. It is preferable to keep trials simple with minimal treatments to be tested.
All plants in the trial are divided into ‘plots’, with each plot consisting of a group of plants in the same location receiving the same treatment. For each treatment tested, one group of plants is a control plot, which receives the grower’s usual management program. The other groups of plants also receive the identical management program, except for the actual treatment itself. The purpose of the control plot is to enable a comparison to be made with the treatment plot(s).
‘Guard plants’ are placed are used around the edge of outside of the trial area. Their purpose is to prevent edge effects that may influence growth of plots on the outside of the trial. The guard plants do not form a part of the trial – they are part of the materials used to carry out the trial.
Plot positions must be done randomly to exclude experimental bias. Bias can be introduced into an experiment if the grower selects conditions for the treatment and control plots in a non-random fashion. A simple way to allocate plot positions is to number the plots, and then use a random number generator on a hand calculator to allocate plots.
Running the trial: records and recording
There are many measurements that may give valuable data, including solution analyses, foliar mineral analysis, plant height, leaf area and leaf area index (LAI), root dry weight, plant dry weight versus fresh weight, fruit quality assessment, water uptake, yields, marketable yields, taste quality assessment, shelf life and photographs. There may be a number of characteristics that the grower wishes to assess.
Evaluating the trial
The crop trial is evaluated by comparing the control plot against a treatment or a number of treatment plots. The assessment of the trial usually depends on statistical analysis which determines whether observed differences between control and experimental plots are likely to be due to real differences or chance occurrence.
Replication of plants and plots is commonly used to improve statistical evaluation. The higher the number of replications, the lower the margin for error in the trial.
In evaluating the trial, standard statistical analysis should be used to determine the true result of the trial. Simply looking at the plants and drawing a conclusion from them can be misleading. It is much more useful to quantify the trial by counting plants and carrying out a statistical analysis of the data in order to determine whether any observed effects are significant. In order to do this, the grower may need to employ the services of a statistician or horticultural consultant.
Prerequisite: Hydroponics I or significant experience.
What are the Assignments like?
Interview two different people who have experience seriously growing plants in hydroponics. These might be hydroponic shop owners, commercial growers, or even just keen amateurs. They should be people who can answer the questions below from experience.Ask each of these people the following questions and make notes of their answers:
What has been the most difficult plant variety you have grown in hydroponics? This should be something you have succeeded with, but have had to put extra effort into succeeding with; and perhaps success has only come after a second or third attempt.
What type of system did you use to grow this in?
What do you think was the most critical factor in manipulating the growth of this plant; how did you control that factor, and how did your action affect the plant’s growth?
What type of commercial crops are most suited to commercial hydroponic farming in your locality, and why? Locate information on hydroponic trials that have been conducted by others.
Information you find might include evaluations of particular crops or varieties, evaluations of particular technology for hydroponics, or evaluation of various systems or methods for particular crops. You should try to find information from sources such as hydroponics magazines and journals, hydroponics books, the Internet, hydroponics experts, and any other sources you can think of.
EBOOK HYDROPONICS (Free Sample Pages Available)
Now available as an ebook suitable for most platforms. Suitable for the amateur enthusiast or the professional.
Flexible Study with ACS Distance Education
ACS Distance Education is unique. We allow you to choose how you study, where you study, what you study, how much you study, and when you study.
• Work fast or slow –you choose the intensity of study
• Study this course by itself; or combine with others for a qualification
• Study electronically (online or using a CD); or using printed notes.
Enrol Now!
Fee Information (S2)
Prices in Australian Dollars
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©2011 ACS Distance Education
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Version 16 (modified by jjr8, 4 years ago)
Extracting ArcGIS rasters from the HYCOM global ocean model's 4D netCDFs
The Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model, or HYCOM, is a sophisticated, high resolution system for simulating ocean physics. HYCOM is a set of equations refined over many years that describe the effects of the tides, winds, earth's rotation, and many other factors on the flow of water. Using supercomputers, the HYCOM team executes these equations at fine spatial and temporal scales to produce daily 3D snapshots of oceanographic variables such as temperature, salinity, and current velocity. At the time of this writing, HYCOM had been applied to global ocean simulations at 1/12º resolution and several ocean basins at higher resolution.
Acknowledgement: Thanks to Alan Wallcraft from the Naval Research Laboratory for providing critical hints that made this example possible.
Advantages of HYCOM over satellite data
• HYCOM resolution is similar to satellite resolution. The 1/12º simulations have a cell size of approximately 8.9 km at the equator. This is not as good as the popular global SST products; NODC AVHRR Pathfinder 5.0 and MODIS have cell sizes of 4 to 5 km. But it is far better than the popular Aviso geostrophic currents product, which has a 37 km cell size.
• HYCOM images are cloud-free. Daily satellite images are often very, very cloudy.
• HYCOM is 3D. Satellite images only provide data for the ocean surface.
Disadvantages of HYCOM
• HYCOM is a model, not reality. While HYCOM has a high spatial resolution, is very sophisticated, has been under refinement for years, has been tested extensively against in situ measurements and satellite estimates, and uses assimilation to improve its accuracy, it is important to keep in mind that HYCOM is a model. If you have in situ or satellite data available, we recommend you compare it against HYCOM output and form your own opinion about whether HYCOM provides enough accuracy for your situation.
Below is visual comparison of relatively cloud-free GOES satellite SST images and corresponding HYCOM SST images for the Gulf Stream. The top HYCOM image is from the HYCOM Global 1/12° Simulation (expt_05.8), while the bottom one is from the HYCOM + NCODA Global 1/12° Analysis (expt_90.8). As you can see, both HYCOM images resemble the GOES images at a broad spatial scale, but the bottom HYCOM image shows a better resemblence at finer scale. Also, both HYCOM images appear to deviate from the GOES images in the hottest and coldest areas by as much several degrees.
These differences may or may not be important, depending on how the data are used. In showing these comparisons, we make no claims about whether HYCOM output might or might not be suitable for your analysis. We simply urge you to make your own comparison and decide for yourself. An important difference between the two HYCOM datasets shown here is that the top one was a "free run" that simulated the global ocean without attempting to increase accuracy by assimilating in situ or satellite measurements, while the bottom one did use assimilation. The bottom one is also several years newer than the top one and is probably based on improved science. Finally, it is very difficult to model the fine scale structure and dynamics of the Gulf Stream, so it is not surprising to find that HYCOM does not match the satellite at fine scales. Better correspondance might be observed elsewhere, in less dynamic regions.
• HYCOM data are available for limited time ranges. At the time of this writing, global simulations were available from 2003 to the present, a north and equatorial Pacific simulation was avialble for 1979-2003, and a Gulf of Mexico simulation was available from 2008 to the present. Data that incorporate the latest assimilation techniques are only available for the most recent years.
• HYCOM provides only physical variables. These variables typically include temperature, salinity, u and v current vectors (eastward and northward velocity), sea surface height, and various properties of the mixed layer. For biological variables such as chlorophyll density or primary and secondary productivity, you must use products estimated from satellite data or other ocean models such as ROMS-CoSINE.
• Global HYCOM simulations use a complicated coordinate system. As discussed below, global HYCOM simulations use three different coordinate systems, making it difficult to import these data into a GIS as raster data. Most of the complexity of this example relates to this problem; please see below for details.
The structure of HYCOM output
HYCOM output is structured as a time series of snapshots of the state of simulated region. At each time period, typically 1 day, there are a set of 2D grids that provide ocean surface parameters such as sea surface height, thickness of the mixed layer, and so on. There are also a set of 3D grids that specify temperature, salinity, and u and v current vectors at a series of depths. There are typically 33 depth layers: 0, 10, 20, 30, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 250, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1750, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000, 4500, 5000, and 5500 meters. Although HYCOM executes the simulation at a variety of depths using a sophisticated algorithm, the model outputs are usually interpolated to these 33 common depths, for consistency with other global ocean datasets.
Acquring HYCOM output
At the time of this writing, HYCOM output could be acquired from as OPeNDAP datasets in a THREDDS catalog and as series of netCDF files from an FTP or HTTP server. If you are familiar with OPeNDAP and can write the code necessary to acquire data through it, I suggest you use it, particularly if you only need a small subset of the data.
In the project that gave rise to this example, I needed to acquire four years of temperature and currents data for all 33 depth layers. This worked out to be about 9 TB of data. I found that it was faster to download netCDF files than go through OPeNDAP for that much data. Although the HYCOM FTP server appeared to impose a throughput limit of 1.25 MB/s per FTP download, I was able to run 15 simultaneous downloads with SmartFTP and maintain an overall throughput of 20 MB/s. If you have a fast Internet connection, this may a good way to acquire data quickly. The remainder of this example assumes you will also use netCDF files.
On the HYCOM FTP server, the directory housing each dataset was organized like this:
The data directory contained the model output. The 2d subdirectory contained one netCDF file per day. Each of these contained the 2D variables representing the state of the ocean surface, as you can see in this netCDF header. The salt, temp, uvel, and vvel subdirectories contained the salinity, temperature, eastward current velocity, and northward current velocity data, respectively. These also contained one netCDF per day, as shown above. Each netCDF contained a single physical variable (salinity, temperature, u, or v) as well as several auxiliary variables representing the grid coordinates, as you can see in this netCDF header. Each physical variable had four dimensions, time, depth, x, and y, with just one time slice but 33 depth slices.
The topo directory contained four files:
• regional.depth.a contained the bathymetry grid used by the simulation as a 2D binary array of big endian 32-bit IEEE 754 floats in column-major order (i.e. Fortran order).
• regional.depth.b was a text file specifying the dimensions of regional.depth.a.
• regional.grid.a contained grids specifying the latitudes and longitudes of the centers of the HYCOM grid cells.
• regional.grid.b was a text file specifying the dimensions of regional.grid.a.
The HYCOM User's Guide, available on the HYCOM documentation page describes these files in detail.
How HYCOM output is geolocated
One of the biggest challenges in working with HYCOM output is understanding how it is georeferenced and getting the data into a GIS-compatible raster format. The HYCOM User's Guide provides some essential information but is written for oceanographers who will be running HYCOM, not for ecologists who will consume HYCOM output. The essential parts are chapter 3: The HYCOM Grid, section 2.3: I/O File Formats in HYCOM, and section 5.1: File "regional.grid.[ab]". From these, some hints from Alan Wallcraft, and extensive experimentation, I was able to understand how HYCOM data is georeferenced and develop a strategy for getting it into ArcGIS-compatible format.
HYCOM simulations are either global or regional. This discussion concerns global simulations. I have not looked at any regional simulations yet so I don't know how much of it applies to them.
The main difficulty with global HYCOM simulations is that they use three different map projections in one grid, as shown below. Ignore the data (the colors) in this map and just focus on the geographic elements.
The central part of the grid uses a Mercator projection with square cells and a fixed cell size. This section can be converted directly to an ArcGIS-compatible raster format without much trouble. To the south is an equiangular section (i.e. a traditional "geographic" projection in ArcGIS terminology). Although these cells have a fixed size (in degrees), the cell width and height are different. The common raster formats compatible with ArcGIS require square cells, so this section is more difficult to get into ArcGIS. To the north is a "bi-polar" section. To my knowledge, there is no way to represent this directly in ArcGIS without ESRI introducing support for this projection.
My approach to dealing with this is to extract three ArcGIS rasters from each HYCOM grid. I call these the equatorial, Arctic, and Antarctic rasters. The equatorial raster is simply a verbatim copy of the Mercator section of the grid. The Arctic and Antarctic rasters are created by treating the HYCOM cells in those sections as points, projecting to a polar stereographic projection, and interpolating using ArcGIS's inverse distance weighting algorithm. The details of this are shown in the code below.
HYCOM simulations assume the Earth is a sphere with radius 6371001.0 meters (yes, 6371001.0, not 6371000.0). Alan Wallcraft provided this information; I did not find it in any documentation. Thus the rasters output by the code below use a custom datum having that spheroid. To get other geographic data into these projections, you can use a custom geographic transformation, as described in the Sinusoidal MODIS example.
Step-by-step instructions to extracting HYCOM output
Prerequisites / assumptions
• ArcGIS 9.1 or later is installed (note: this has only been tested with 9.3.1)
• MGET 0.7 or later is installed
• You are comfortable running programs from the Windows command prompt (a.k.a. DOS)
• You are using a global HYCOM dataset, not a regional one; the procedure will probably fail on regional datasets but you could adapt it to work with them
• You are extracting the one of the 3D variables called temperature, salinity, u, or v; you must modify the code to extract one of the 2D surface variables (e.g. ssh)
The steps
1. Create a folder on your hard drive. I suggest and will assume you will use C:\HYCOM, although you can use a different folder if desired.
1. Right-click on the following files and save them into C:\HYCOM:
1. Using your favorite web browser or FTP client, go to the place where you download files from the HYCOM dataset you want. From the topo directory on the HYCOM server, download the files regional.grid.a and regional.grid.b and save them to C:\HYCOM.
1. Create the directory C:\HYCOM\NetCDFs.
1. From the HYCOM server, go to the data directory and then to the subdirectory for your oceanographic variable of interest, either salt, temp, u, or v. Download the netCDF files (.nc file extension) for your dates of interest. If you are downloading a lot of files and have a fast Internet connection, consider using a program like SmartFTP that can download multiple files simultaneously, to work around the per-file throughput limitation imposed by the server. (I was told by Michael McDonald of HYCOM that this is ok.)
1. Create the directory C:\HYCOM\Rasters.
1. Start a CMD shell. (On Windows XP or Server 2003, click Start, Run, type CMD, and press Enter. On Vista or later, click Start, type CMD, and press Enter.) CD to the C:\HYCOM directory.
1. Before extracting a large batch of data, you should verify that you can extract a single depth layer from a single file. Type the following into the CMD shell and press Enter (this assumes you want to extract the temperature variable for the 0 m depth layer from the file NetCDFs\ temperature regional.grid.a regional.grid.b Rasters 0
You should see output that looks like this:
C:\HYCOM> NetCDFs\ temperature regional.grid.a regional.grid.b Rasters 0
2009-10-01 10:52:16,187 INFO Initializing the ArcGIS geoprocessor.
2009-10-01 10:52:25,671 INFO This HYCOM grid has 4500 rows and 3298 columns.
2009-10-01 10:52:25,671 INFO Each 2D variable in a HYCOM .a file takes 59375616 bytes, including the padding to a 16 KB boundary.
2009-10-01 10:52:25,671 INFO Reading the longitude and latitude grids from regional.grid.a.
2009-10-01 10:52:30,625 INFO The cell size of the Mercator section of the grid is 8895.5955278281017 m.
2009-10-01 10:52:30,625 INFO The central meridian is -105.88.
2009-10-01 10:52:30,780 INFO The Mercator section of the grid spans rows 1126 through 2907, inclusive, where the top row is 0.
2009-10-01 10:52:30,780 INFO The center latitudes of the top and bottom rows of the Mercator section are 46.9873 and -66.1599.
2009-10-01 10:52:30,780 INFO The projected x and y coordinates of the lower-left corner of the Mercator section are -20015089.937613226, -9914094.8628181182.
2009-10-01 10:52:31,171 INFO Found 1 input files. Looking for existing output rasters.
2009-10-01 10:52:31,217 INFO Extracting 1 total depth slices spread across 1 input files.
2009-10-01 10:52:31,217 INFO Reading depth slice 0 from C:\HYCOM\NetCDFs\
2009-10-01 10:52:44,203 INFO Creating ArcGIS raster Rasters\temperature\Equatorial\Depth_0\2003\temp20032322.img...
2009-10-01 10:53:32,233 INFO Writing 1788880 points to a temporary CSV file.
2009-10-01 10:53:50,483 INFO Executing program: C:\HYCOM\ascii2shp.exe C:\Temp\GeoEcoTemp_jjr8\tmp0vucia\points.csv C:\Temp\GeoEcoTemp_jjr8\tmp0vucia\points.shp X Y
2009-10-01 10:54:28,250 INFO ascii2shp.exe returned exit code 0.
2009-10-01 10:54:30,421 INFO Projecting the points to a polar stereographic projection.
2009-10-01 10:58:29,437 INFO Interpolating an Arctic polar stereographic raster with cell size 6065.1235625980898 m.
2009-10-01 10:59:06,421 INFO Copying ArcGIS raster C:\Temp\GeoEcoTemp_jjr8\tmp0vucia\raster to C:\HYCOM\Rasters\temperature\Arctic\Depth_0\2003\temp20032321.img...
2009-10-01 10:59:10,733 INFO Writing 753298 points to a temporary CSV file.
2009-10-01 10:59:19,655 INFO Executing program: C:\HYCOM\ascii2shp.exe C:\Temp\GeoEcoTemp_jjr8\tmpkdlzzm\points.csv C:\Temp\GeoEcoTemp_jjr8\tmpkdlzzm\points.shp X Y
2009-10-01 10:59:34,500 INFO ascii2shp.exe returned exit code 0.
2009-10-01 10:59:34,546 INFO Projecting the points to a polar stereographic projection.
2009-10-01 11:00:55,125 INFO At the northernmost row of the equirectangular Antarctic section, the cells are 3595.4712307818422 m wide and 8809.0454264488071 m high.
2009-10-01 11:00:55,125 INFO Interpolating an Antarctic polar stereographic raster with cell size 8809.0454264488071 m.
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Kevin Ryan | Tuesday, 2 August 2011
tags : democracy, education reform, young adult
An agenda for the Silent Generation
There is no shortage of issues awaiting the attention of the under-40s.
Word cloud depicts Gen Y's self-perception. See Research Center for Leadership in Action, NYUWagner, for cloud showing others' perception.
Where is their political awareness? asks Kevin Ryan in Part 2 of a two-part series.
The finally retiring Boomer Generation is used to getting its way. These sons and daughters of Tom Brokaw’s Greatest Generation grew up as America was economically coming into its own. Americans emerged from World War Two with factories ready to convert from producing tanks and guns to cars and television sets. We were not only able to feed our own pent-up needs and material desires, but also more than willing to supply the lucrative markets of both our war battered allies and enemies.
America’s postwar children were the kids-of-plenty. Life was relatively easy and they adapted quickly to getting their way. When an unpopular war in Southeast Asia started up, many refused to go. Unlike their fathers, who dutifully reported at the first draft notice, many young Boomers said, “Hell, no. We won’t go!” And they didn’t stop there. Flying under flags such as, “Question Authority” and “Different strokes for different folks”, they took on the popular wisdom of the time, whether it was the treatment of racial minorities, rules about how to live out one’s sexual lives, or what substances to ingest into their bodies. They wanted change and were willing to go to the streets and then the polls to get it. They learned to use the media and the political system to achieve what they wanted. But for whatever reason, the next generation, the children of Boomers, haven’t followed in their parents’ footsteps. They have become the Silent Generation.
If and when the ninety million 20- to 40-year-olds wake up from their political lethargy, there is no shortage of issues awaiting their attention, issues that affect all Americans, but which should be of pressing concern to their generation. Here are four issues just waiting to become the core of their political manifesto.
First among them is schooling. Currently, eighty-eight percent of our children go to state run schools and the cost per pupil is north of $10,000 per year. A small percentage of our 60,000 public schools are excellent; the great bulk in the middle is poor; the bottom 25 per cent, typically serving the urban and rural poor, is disgraceful.
Every US president in memory has declared himself “the education president”, only to leave office with bloated public school budgets and embarrassing student report cards. More tax money has not led to better skills and higher test results. Every promising innovation seems to run aground and be replaced quickly with the educational version of “the new, new thing”.
The ugly truth is that our public schools are run by the teachers unions and that translates to our schools being run for the teachers, and not the students. Our schools will not change until the public school monopoly is broken and parents are given the opportunity to select the education their individual children need. The free market choice system has served the nation well in every other area. Why not education?
Without intending to provoke class envy, it is nevertheless instructive to observe how the rich behave. Wealthy families put great value on the education of their children. They will move from city to suburb or from suburb to suburb in pursuit of a quality education for their children. And, as typically happens, when they find the public schools wanting, it is off to private schools. Why should the rich be the only ones who can effort school choice?
The public sector
Second on the Silent Generation’s agenda is the trimming of the public sector. Recently, many Americans have come to realize that we’ve been victims of a massive and quite public robbery, the hand-in-glove robbery of the public coffers by public employees unions. It is a system with a certain sinister beauty: the union boss delivers to politicians not only the votes, but also the skillful hands of teachers, office workers and others to make the calls and turn out the vote. Then, the politicians dutifully pass legislation to raise wages, benefits, cost of living adjustments, early retirement plans, and vacation and sick leave allowances. This is followed by regulations which make it all but impossible to fire a public service employee. In the meantime, workers in the private sector are coming to realize two things: first, they will never come close themselves to receiving such a cushy deal; and second, they, through their taxes, are the ones paying for this deal. This huge, rotting system is a political plum just crying out to be pruned. .
Related to this is the need to reorganize and streamline the services of local municipalities. From the village hall to the county office, we need a massive governmental re-think. Are the services for which we are paying large tax bills being delivered in the most effective way? Does every little village need its own police department with a chief, several lieutenants and deputies? Why not reorganize the law enforcement on a regional basis. Why all the little redundant fiefdoms with their own budgets, procedures and systems?
The same with the local fire departments? Why should each town and village have its own court system, water department and “recycling” (read: garbage collection) department? And why in the computer era should every burg have its own elaborate records department? And why should our villages and towns and cities have these overlapping police and judicial and on-and-on departments? Do we really need close to fifteen thousand individual public school districts? These redundancies are relics of the past and currently are, besides being enormously expensive, sources of massive inefficiencies.
And then there is our overstuffed federal bureaucracy. We have seen in the last two decades an extraordinary growth in these various bureaus. It is no surprise that the Washington, D.C., housing market is the most vibrant in the country. The simple reason is the incessant increase of federal jobs. Small bureaus with small missions have morphed into gigantic entities with new and confusing missions. Has the Department of Energy helped lower our “energy independence” or the price of a gallon of gas? Has the huge expansion of the Department of Education improved our schools?
There are few Americans who do not appreciate the protection and safety we receive from the men and women in the armed forces, but cannot we get along with a smaller, more targeted military? And is having four aggressively competing branches of the military (Army, Navy, Marines and Coast Guard), each lobbying for its own budgets and separate agendas (the latest stealth fighter, the newest, biggest aircraft carrier) the best way to address our national defense needs? And why four distinct military academies? Currently, each is graduating its officers more committed to their own branch of the service than to our overall defense needs. Why not reorganize a 21st century military around principles that ensure protection against 21st century threats, instead of fostering internal, intra-service rivalries.
Government and business crime
Third, we need to get serious about government and business crime. One of the hoary election promises of politicians from both parties is “to root out fraud and abuse”. Regularly we hear pledges to save what are mind-numbing sums by cleaning up this criminal behavior. Perhaps little happens because it is more satisfying for our elected officials to spend money than do the hard work of rooting out these felonies. Government run Medicare and Medicaid are prime examples of this lack of criminal oversight. Since Washington and our state houses will not or cannot solve this perennial problem, why not turn it over to the private sector? Why not private detective-agencies-on-steroids going after the thievery that is part of so many government programs? Why not put a bounty on the billion dollar criminality? Instantly we would have a gold rush of crime fighters, ones with goals more lofty than retiring in twenty years with a nice pension.
Cost of college
A fourth issue, and one that rests heavily on the shoulders of the young, is the cost of a college education. The spiraling costs of higher education and the states’ declining support for it means our children have assumed heavy debts on the hope that the education will lead to a prosperous future. While this has been true in the past, social scientists are casting doubts on its truth going forward. Nevertheless, the majority of Americans who have bought into society’s urgings to go to college have long ago forgotten Walt Whitman’s Leaves of Grass, the five reasons why we entered World War One, and what “regression to the mean” means. They do, however, remember that they are still paying for that knowledge.
There needs to be a plan to get so many young workers and their families out from under their onerous college debts. The nation should be able to put in place a debt relief scheme which financially punishes neither those who religiously have paid their tuition bill nor those who chose not to go on for higher education. Although for many little more than a four year campus sleepover, overall a college education contributes substantially to the overall health of the nation.
In sum, we should provide some paths to less expensive higher education and relief for those struggling with unpaid loans. Currently, we provide free higher education for military service. Why not let our college debtors work off their bills through social service? Running a church youth group? Tutoring children? Helping out at a home for the elderly? Why not let college grads use their skills and knowledge and get out from under their educational debts?
Build trust and alliances
These four are not the only causes which could focus the now dormant energies of the Silent Generation. There is also our toxic public culture, laced as it is with f-bombs and sexually provocative nudity, a culture which is stealing the innocence of our children. Further, there is the failure of government to bring intellectual clarity and, if needed, a workable action plan to the energy and environment problems hanging over the heads of young Americans. A lack of issues is not the cause of this generation’s political passivity.
Movements, particularly political movements, are dicey affairs. Advocacy can easily degenerate into “us against them” conflicts, emotions can take over and what was a promising movement runs amok. The energy and anger which fueled the anti-Vietnam movement of the late 1960 and early 1970s brought about Richard Nixon’s Silent Majority. The campus free-speech and pro-marijuana demonstrations featured slogans like “don’t trust anyone over thirty”. In low voices and through clenched teeth, their seniors often responded, “Don’t trust anyone under thirty!” which, in turn, fathered the generation gap. The lesson is to stay positive and seek coalitions.
One potential ally is the oldster-dominated Tea Party Movement. While a youth movement may threaten many seniors who will see their potential loss of political clout, Tea Partiers claim that one of their chief motivators is eliminating the huge debt burden which they see undermining their children’s and grandchildren’s future.
Fueled by our economic recession and over ten years of seemingly endless wars, distrust and exasperation with our current political actors is building. To date, the group with the most at stake has not been heard from. This is truly a pregnant moment waiting for the birth of a new voice to give form and substance to a fresh force in our civic life.
Want to read more articles by Kevin Ryan Click on the links below
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Rugby: Chamber of horrors fails to spark Wales
Poor Wales. Not only have they undergone the misery of losing their opening two tests of the autumn series against Argentina and Samoa, they face the world champion All Blacks this weekend and many would say they have suffered enough in training already.
In a bid to improve their fitness during the Six Nations this year, which they won, the team travelled to Poland for an intensive training camp which included cryotherapy sessions where they were subjected to temperatures of about minus 160degC.
The freezing temperatures are said to prevent inflammation and subdue pain - an extreme version of the ice baths which are fashionable in professional sport - although the process itself is not for the faint-hearted.
Before entering the chamber players are given socks, gloves and a sweatband to prevent frostbite. They must completely dry their bodies otherwise sweat or other moisture could burn their skin. They spend 30 seconds in a holding chamber at minus 70degC to give their bodies a chance to adjust before entering the second chamber for two minutes and 30 seconds at minus 130degC.
A reporter from the United Kingdom's Daily Mail took part in one session and said when the time was up he was so disoriented he couldn't find the door.
The theory behind the treatment is that in extreme cold the body tries to protect vital organs by withdrawing blood from the limbs, taking lactic acid and muscle damage with it. The science suggests the body recovers quicker from training, which means more training can be done, with players becoming fitter as a result.
Wales are said to be the only international rugby team to use cryotherapy as a training tool
Coach Rob Howley, Warren Gatland's assistant at Wales, told the Daily Mail of the gruelling training and cryotherapy sessions: "As a coach, you need to see players under these conditions before you select them. You'd rather find out before a test, so we manufacture those conditions here. This facility is unique. It allows us to put those players under pressure, not only from a physical perspective but mentally as well."
The bad news for the Welsh players is that all the hardship counted for little in their disappointing performances against Argentina and Samoa. Against the latter they were submissive and appeared to lack stomach for the fight against a team well-known for its hard-nosed approach.
The other bad news is that they will have a cryotherapy chamber built at their training base outside Cardiff in time for next year's Six Nations. The project will run into hundreds of thousands of dollars; their own torture chamber won't come cheap.
Wales aren't the only team to go down the scientific route in a bid to eke out marginal improvements.
England coach Stuart Lancaster has signed sports scientist Matt Parker, who helped British cycling to success in Beijing and London, to the management team.
Parker was involved in paving the way for Bradley Wiggins' Tour de France triumph this year - he worked with the former track cyclist ahead of his unexpected fourth place finish in the 2009 race, changing his body as well as his mindset.
Parker is said to be an expert in seeking out marginal gains, telling the media during the London Olympics: "We are obsessed with getting the details right; we are relentless in pursuit of it. It's not easy for other federations to do, because of the details involved. It's about everyone being the best they can be - the carer not leaving anything behind, the mechanic testing everything - but it's not just two weeks. It's two months, two years. When you put that in place, your chances of success are higher."
Of course, rugby players could just go out and run a bit. After all, the countless hours All Blacks captain Richie McCaw puts into that old-fashioned approach appears to have worked well for him. His side is regarded as one of the fittest in world rugby and, while Steve Hansen and Co are always on the hunt for advantages, there is no substitute for hard work.
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No Reason To Feel 'Blue' This Yom Tov
10/07/2012 - 18:10
Adam Dickter
In 2006, the state Legislature amended the Blue Laws to allow liquor stores to open after noon. Kosher store owners lobbied hard for this change, but the change was probably motivated more by taxation concerns. These days, you can pop into a liquor store just before a Sunday night Yom Tov and load up on all the booze your credit card and liver can handle, and sales before Simchat Torah, which begins tomorrow night, are usually particularly brisk. (Your blogger, of course, encourages resonsible and moderate consumption.)
It's surprising that blue laws in any form still exist, as they were intended to encourage people to go to church, a concern that is completely unconstitutional.
So it seems somewhat ironic, then, that shifting the law away from one religious consideration has made it much easier to carry out another.
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