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[–]akatookey[tookey] (NA) -12 points-11 points ago
Or rather, the posting of personal information isn't allowed (by reddit rules themselves) and Destiny's blog post does just that!
[–]Clam- 2 points3 points ago
How about freedom of speech? Or even better, listening to community? Because I'm pretty sure that majority of this subreddit would like to know what's going on with and Destiny explained everything about it pretty damn well - at least what happened to him.
[–]akatookey[tookey] (NA) 0 points1 point ago
Where is freedom of speech guaranteed for subreddits? Or even better, listen to the rules!
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For a cool $1000, you can buy the Sonos Bundle 150 and wirelessly play music from a single remote control in two separate rooms in your house. On the other hand, for about $100 or less if you've already got the right equipment, you can get the same functionality from your iPhone or iPod touch. Let's take a closer look at how to use the iTunes Remote application for the iPhone 2.0 with inexpensive equipment you may already have to remote control music playback wirelessly in any room in your home.
The Sonos homepage describes its popular but expensive product thusly:
To start playing music, just grab the full-color wireless Controller and simply pick a room, pick a song and hit play. With the Controller in hand you'll have instant access to your entire music collection....
When you're done here, any iPhone or iPod touch will do exactly the same thing, in addition to all that email, calendar, internet, and mapping functionality that's made them so popular already—and for hundreds of dollars less. You can play music in any room individually, or in several rooms with the music playback synced between rooms.
The special sauce in this setup is a feature of Apple's AirPort Express wireless routers called AirTunes, which streams iTunes music wirelessly over your home network to any room in your house. AirTunes isn't new by any means, but with the advent of the new Remote app for the iPhone and iPod touch running 2.0 software, its usefulness has increased dramatically; it's become a Sonos killer.
What You'll Need
I'm going to price out the cheapest (or nearly cheapest) version of this setup, including the price of the iPhone or iPod touch. If you already have any of the necessary equipment, the price drops significantly.
1. iPhone or iPod touch: $199 (8GB iPhone minus wireless costs) or $299 (8GB touch)
2. Linksys WRT54GL Wireless Router: $50 (not the only supported router; see below)
3. Headphone-to-RCA Cable: $2 (I'm estimating, but you can get these things cheap at your local RadioShack.)
4. Apple AirPort Express: $100
Grand Total: $351 (iPhone) or $451 (iPod touch)
Cutting Costs
I actually had all of these things on hand, so it didn't cost me a dime. If you've already got an iPhone or iPod touch, the price drops to a meager $151 for the router, headphone-to-RCA cord, and AirPort Express router.
The Linksys WRT54GL router is not required, but it's inexpensive and it's what I'm using. It's likely you've already got a basic wireless router on your home network, and as long as you can set it up as a Wireless Distribution System (WDS), you probably won't need to buy a new router. The Apple AirPort Extreme ($180) is the easiest to set up with an AirPort Express, naturally. In my setup below, I used the much cheaper, much cooler WRT54GL running the free, open-source Tomato router firmware (which I showed you how to install here). The previously mentioned DD-WRT firmware supports WDS as well. If your current router supports WDS, you can shave an extra $50 off the setup price.
Because it's made specifically to extend iTunes wirelessly, the $100 AirPort Express wireless router is the one must-have piece of equipment—no substitutions here. You'll need one for every additional set of speakers you want to add to your set wireless remote control setup. (Of course you can find them cheaper on Craigslist or eBay.)
The added bonus to all of this is that we're setting up the AirPort Express as a wireless network bridge. That means that not only will it give you the very cool music functionality—it'll also extend the range of your wireless network by boosting your signal in the room you've got it installed. It'll still show up as one Wi-Fi network to all of your wireless devices, so you don't have to do anything special to take advantage of it once you've set it up.
Gather Your Setup Information
Before you get started tweaking settings, let's write down a few important bits of information to make things easier on us down the road. You may find this information in varying places depending on your base router, but the information you need to gather is the same.
First, head to the Basic Network settings page (Tomato link) on your router and find the section Wireless section. Copy your Wireless MAC address, which should look something like XX:00:X0:0X:00:XX. Also write down your SSID and Channel, and take note of your B/G mode.
Next, plug your AirPort Express into a power outlet and connect it to your router with an Ethernet cable. (I'm setting up the AirPort Express on a Mac, but it should work similarly on a Windows PC.) Open the AirPort Utility, and after a few seconds it should scan and recognize your AirPort Express on your network. Once it does, click on the Express in the AirPort Utility sidebar and write down the AirPort ID (which is really just the MAC address).
Now that you've got all that, you're ready for the heavy lifting.
Set Up Your Base Router
This setup should work with any router that supports WDS—check your router's manual and/or administration interface to find out if it does. If you want to follow along exactly with me, I'm using the open-source Tomato firmware (if you don't have it installed on a supported device, here's how).
Return to the Basic Network settings page (Tomato link). The first thing you need to do is change your Wireless Mode to Access Point + WDS.
Next head down to the Security section and change your wireless security type to WEP if it's not what you're using already. Set a passphrase and generate your keys (or just let Tomato randomly choose a secure option for you). Copy down your first key—you'll need it later to set up the AirPort Express and to connect other devices to your wireless network (including your iPhone or iPod touch).
(NOTE: WEP security was an unfortunate concession; I normally recommend the more secure WPA2 Personal, but I had trouble getting the AirPort Express to connect correctly as a wireless bridge using WPA2 security. WEP 128, on the other hand, worked fine.)
Finally, move down to the WDS section and enter the MAC address of your AirPort Express (the AirPort ID we wrote down earlier). Make sure the drop-down is set to Link With. Once you've finished all these steps, hit Save at the bottom of the page. Your router will update your settings, and you're ready to set up the AirPort Express.
Set Up Your AirPort Express Router
Start up the AirPort Utility, again with the AirPort Express plugged into your main router with an Ethernet cord. Click the AirPort Express name in the sidebar. This time, click the Manual Setup button. We'll be making a lot of changes in the AirPort Express setup to get it working as a wireless bridge (and iTunes extender), so make sure you've got the information we gathered above on hand.
First, click the Base Station tab and give your AirPort Express a name (this is the name that will show up in iTunes and on your iPhone remote). I chose Living Room, because that's where my AirPort Express will be. Next, set a password for the AirPort Express. This password isn't actually important for our setup as far as I can tell, but it's unavoidable. Make it anything you want.
Now head to the Wireless tab and change the Wireless Mode drop-down to Participate in a WDS network. Set the network name to the SSID, the Radio Mode to the wireless B/G mode, and the channel to match the broadcast channel of your base router as you wrote them down above. Set your wireless security to WEP 128 bit, and enter the key you generated above.
Now click on the WDS tab, where you should select WDS remote in the WDS Mode drop-down and paste your base router's MAC address (the one we wrote down above) in the text box labeled WDS Main.
Next click on the Internet tab at the top of the AirPort Utility. You shouldn't have to do much here, but make sure that you're connecting using WDS (you shouldn't have a choice at this point), set Configure IPv4 to "Using DHCP," and set Connection Sharing to Off (Bridge Mode).
At this point, you've got just one more thing left to do. Go to the Music tab and tick the checkbox next to Enable AirTunes. If you want to, set a speaker password (I wouldn't unless you've got a good reason to).
Once you've done all that, click the Update button. The AirPort Utility will update your AirPort Express with all your new settings and your AirPort Express will restart. If everything went as planned, your AirPort Express is now set up as a wireless bridge for your base router, and you're ready to stream your music wirelessly to any room in your house. (Hint: Your router will glow amber until it's working, at which point it'll glow green. If it's flashing amber, that means there was a problem.)
Hook Up the AirPort Express to Your Stereo
Unplug your AirPort Express from the router and the power outlet and move it to wherever you plan on setting it up (mine's behind my TV). Plug it in, and plug the headphone-to-RCA converter into it and your stereo. If you have a fancier stereo than I do, the AirPort Express supports digital signals, so the right kind of S/PDIF cord would work as well.
Enable AirTunes in iTunes
The next to last thing you need to do is open up the iTunes preferences and tell your computer to look for remote speakers with iTunes. You'll find this checkbox in the Advanced tab of the iTunes preferences.
Once this is done, you've already got wireless streaming set up in iTunes. When it's working, you should see a drop-down in the bottom right corner of iTunes where you can choose which speaker set you want playing or choose multiple speakers.
Finally, it's time to set up our iPhone or iPod touch as remotes.
Install and Set Up Remote on Your iPhone or iPod touch
After all the sweat you've put in so far, this step is dead simple. We've already covered how to set up the Remote App on your iPhone, so I won't go into all the details here.
Once Remote is set up and running on your iPhone or iPod touch, you can play back and remotely control your entire iTunes library from anywhere in your house you've got an AirPort Express set up. To toggle your speakers, just hit Settings in the Remote app and toggle the speakers on or off.
How Does It Work?
After a short time, I can tell you nothing feels better on an afternoon of household chores than walking around your home to a unified soundtrack in every room. I've only got one AirPort Express with AirTunes set up on my network, but you could easily add more rooms and speakers at just $100 or so a pop. If I'm just going to be hanging out in the living room, I'll turn off the computer speakers and just play from there. Likewise, the music stays at my computer when that's where I am.
The iPhone Remote app also works with the Apple TV, but I haven't tried it with this setup. If you have—or you've done multi-room remote control with your iPhone or iPod touch and AirTunes—share your experience in the comments. If you're looking for a similarly cheap wireless solution, check out Gizmodo's review of the EOS Wireless iPod Dock and Speaker System.
Now if only the music followed me based on proximity to wireless nodes and transferred to my iPod headphones when I left my wireless network. A boy can dream, can't he?
Adam Pash is a senior editor for Lifehacker who wants nothing more than to be bathed uniformly in music no matter what room of his apartment he's in. His special feature Hack Attack appears every Tuesday on Lifehacker. Subscribe to the Hack Attack RSS feed to get new installments in your newsreader.
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Saturday, December 8, 2007
Persistence Pays (And So Does Sloth)
Orange County Bird of the Week: The Roseate Spoonbill
There is a fundamental difference between the way bird photographers operate, and the way birders operate. Photographers seek out big, pretty birds in nice, pretty settings. Birders seek out anything with wings. Birders can spend hours looking into thick, shadowy foliage for that special warbler; photographers won't bother because (1) birds are great, but actually looking for birds is boring, and (2) even if that bird is in there, it'll make a crappy shot.
Birders flit from spot to spot in search of some rarity rumored to have been seen there 15 minutes earlier, while photographers plant themselves, like sequoias, in scenic locations, waiting for the birds to compose themselves into a perfect shot. This can take weeks.
I know this because Glenn is a photographer who happens to be deeply into birds, and I'm a birder who occasionally takes photos so Glenn won't think I'm making stuff up when I see something he doesn't.
But when the Roseate Spoonbill first showed up in the Santa Ana River in Orange on Thursday, we both knew we had to see it. It had everything both birdheads and photographers could want: It's a rarity. It would be a lifer for both of us. It's big, pink, and pretty. And it's here.
Since I work at home of Fridays, I set off first thing Friday morning to find it: I knew I was in the right place because of the large number of people with spotting scopes and binoculars pacing up and down the bike path. But after several hours, no one had seen it, and I gave up. After all, I was supposed to be at home working.
Today, both of us headed back to Orange, chasing reports that it had been seen downriver late Friday afternoon. Someone told us it had actually been seen a few minutes earlier UP the river, so we returned to our car and followed a caravan of birders to the intersection of Lakeview and Riverdale. There, we learned that the darned thing had been spotted napping nearby earlier, but had just taken off.
Nevertheless, we slogged up the path, Glenn hauling his usual ton of photo gear, hoping the Spoonbill would return. Several people decided to cross the river to see if it was foraging on the channel on the other side. We started heading back to the car. Sigh. This is precisely the sort of birding that photographers hate.
I debated crossing the river to see what was there, but I knew Glenn didn't want to drag his gear all the way back up the path and across the berm spanning the river. We agreed that I'd go and wave back to him if I saw anything.
Just as I turned to go, something big and pink flew up from the channel: the Spoonbill! Glenn immediately started shooting away—and it circled around and landed in the river, just in front of us!
And I realized that we had totally lucked out: had we given up and left a moment sooner, we would have missed it. Had we persisted and crossed the river with the other birders, we also would have missed that great close-up view of him. We only got to see it because we were slothful and indecisive—too indecisive to even give up.
It's a rare moment when one's vices become virtues—and we plan to enjoy it.
1 comment:
Birdfreak said...
Sometimes luck is what it takes! :-)
Good birding to you!
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Listen to everyone, then make up your own mind
Ben Silbermann, cofounder of Pinterest
I am writing a book called Winning Isn't Normal. Check it out.
Related Posts:
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Lewis LaLanne aka Nerd #2 59 pts
"Wisdom comes from multiple perspectives." Gregory Bateson
That's one of my favorite quotes and your post and what you expressed as a learning here reminded me of it. It''ll be very cool to see the story of how these multiple perspectives led you to your 1.3M.
I also completely agree with you on the stand point of how making tough "ass on the line" decisions help you become a more resourceful, confident and capable individual.
mlinsey 7 pts
I think this is a great post. The only thing I would add is to look for patterns in the kind of people who give certain kinds of advice, and make your first decision about what kind of person you want to be.
mechanical_fish explained this point far better than I ever could, so I'm going to just copy his comment (probably one of the greatest comments in HN history) right here. (original link: http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=469940)
mechanical_fish writes:
This guy has gone to the zoo and interviewed all the animals. The tiger says that the secret to success is to live alone, be well disguised, have sharp claws and know how to stalk. The snail says that the secret is to live inside a solid shell, stay small, hide under dead trees and move slowly around at night. The parrot says that success lies in eating fruit, being alert, packing light, moving fast by air when necessary, and always sticking by your friends.
His conclusion: These animals are giving contradictory advice! And that's because they're all "outliers".
But both of these points are subtly misleading. Yes, the advice is contradictory, but that's only a problem if you imagine that the animal kingdom is like a giant arena in which all the world's animals battle for the Animal Best Practices championship [1], after which all the losing animals will go extinct and the entire world will adopt the winning ways of the One True Best Animal. But, in fact, there are a hell of a lot of different ways to be a successful animal, and they coexist nicely. Indeed, they form an ecosystem in which all animals require other, much different animals to exist.
And it's insane to regard the tiger and the parrot and the snail as "outliers". Sure, they're unique, just as snowflakes are unique. But, in fact, there are a lot of different kinds of cats and birds and mollusks, not just these three. Indeed, there are creatures that employ some cat strategies and some bird strategies (lions: be a sharp-eyed predator with claws, but live in communal packs). The only way to argue that tigers and parrots and snails are "outliers" is to ignore the existence of all the other creatures in the world, the ones that bridge the gaps in animal-design space and that ultimately relate every known animal to every other known animal.
So, yes, it's insane to try to follow all the advice on the Internet simultaneously. But that doesn't mean it's insane to listen to 37signals advice, or Godin's advice, or some other company's advice. You just have to figure out which part of the animal kingdom you're in, and seek out the best practices which apply to creatures like you. If you want to be a stalker, you could do worse than to ask the tiger for some advice.
jonkrop 7 pts
So true, and too often learned the hard way.
A related point: whenever someone gives me advice, I always ask "What's your reasoning for that?" Very often someone's advice is just a prescription: "If I were you, I'd do this." I think there's almost no value in that. Even if the advisor is very smart or accomplished, it's probably a bad idea to just blindly do what they say, for a bunch of reasons. But reasoning is useful; you can examine it, test it, and use it to inform your own decision.
jasonshen 45 pts moderator
jonkrop For sure, reasoning is really important. A lot of times the reasoning is based on hypotheses about the real world or generalizations: "In my experience, VC's do pose a signaling risk for startups" which is hard to prove or disprove, so you still have to go with your gut.
MtnEvan 12 pts
I forgot where I saw it, but it went something like:
"Don't seek advice. Seek information."
Conversation from Twitter
karldotter @karldotter 06 Jul
I cross-reference advice just like books in the library, nice post by @JasonShen on distilling feedback with your gut http://t.co/yXAHavza
CatherinewithaC @CatherinewithaC 06 Jul
@karldotter @JasonShen Small world, I know Jason!
BacktrackFire @BacktrackFire 05 Jul
@HNTweets Una NUEVA comunidad de investigadores, estudiantes y entusiastas de la Seguridad Informática. http://t.co/cUy3G2cG
1. [...] Listen to Everyone, Then Make Up Your Own Mind (Ridejoy Fundraising Lessons) (jasonshen.com) [...]
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Saturday, August 02, 2008
TWQ: Vacation Problems
As it's the time of year when a lot go on vacation, this TWQ (The Weekend Question) is themed to find the things we dread.
What problems don't you like to face while going on vacation? List as many as you wish.
My answers are:
1: All the trouble getting on and off an aircraft. It takes longer than the flight nowadays.
2: The drive by holiday reps to sell optional excursions, making the vacation cost far higher.
3: When on a coach tour, we are told we can't stay too long in a really interesting place as he wants to take us to an interesting carpet place where his brother wants to sell us some.
4: The fact that when we get home, we are more exhausted than when we left... and it's supposed to be a restful vacation!
Now it's over to you...
celadon2 said...
Not exactly a problem but seeing as I over see the packing for the whole family, and husband has no idea what I've packed until we unpack - for me it has to be packing!
We do our own thing on holidays, so no reps, no coaches,but then you have the discussions about what you want to do and where you want to go!
Sol said...
Packing.. For the same reason as Celadon... husband has no clue what he's got.
The one vacation we can take we are going to his parent's house. His dad has a list of things to do.. you know, like build a shed and such. Yes, we still refer to it as a vacation.
If we go on the motorcycle.. my behind gets sore. If we go in the car or plane, I get tired of sitting. That's the worst. Sitting!
Michele sent me .. and heck, It was interesting to feel like I was coming to someone's blog and complaining..
I do hope you have a wonderful weekend!
panthergirl said...
- The entire ordeal of air travel. It is just not fun anymore. I have sat in too many airports for hours on end, or had flights cancelled and had to go to another airport while my car was in long-term parking at the first one.
- Unpacking and doing laundry. Yuck.
Otherwise, I really do love to travel and go to new places... I wish I could just wiggle my nose and be there!
Here by way of Michele today...
Better Safe Than Sorry said...
i agree with yours but i also hate when you take the kids to some amusement park, pay a huge admission price just to get in the door and then have to wait hours and hours in lineups to ride the rides, to use the rest rooms, to buy something as simply as an ice cream cone. and charging $3 for a bottle of water after paying $50 head to get in, grrrrrrrrrrr.
Lahdeedah said...
Driving there.
Trying to keep three children occupied indoors in a place with no television or their normal toys when it rains.
The fact that this year we're not doing a vacation.
Jon the Intergalactic Gladiator said...
For some reason, either my wife or I always get pulled out of the line at the airport for the extra security check. Fun fun.
Empress Bee (of the High Sea) said...
oh i hate to fly, hate everything about it!
and i don't like packing up when it is time to get off the cruise ship either! i want to stay longer!
(sorry you can't comment capt. are you using internet explorer? that is giving people lots of trouble lately. try firefox??? or email me?)
smiles, bee
The Mistress of the Dark said...
Driving through Philly to get to Atlantic City.
Hotel workers in the US that don't speak ENGLISH!
R. Sherman said...
Greetings via Michele.
We do a lot of hiking vacations. In no particular order:
1. Idiot tourists who cannot follow the rules in National Parks re: wildlife, trails, etc.
2. Too many bugs.
3. Loud people in motels.
4. Driving through Kansas on I-70 to Colorado, a journey which sucks the soul from your very being.
Linda said...
My biggest problem is not being able to afford a vacation to begin with! Everything after that is cake!
HollyGL said...
1. Definitely the nightmare of security before boarding the plane.
2. Other travellers who apparently don't understand the meaning of "common courtesy".
3. Like Linda said, the sheer cost of a vacation anymore - with gas prices, etc... really makes the whole idea of travel a bit of a bummer. :(
Fab said...
I still have a month before I go on vacation. My boyfriend and I are planning a trip to Croatia, to the seaside...
1. delays with trains are terrible things
2. having a belt that makes the alarms go off at the airport checkpoint and being approached like a criminal
3. hotel rooms that smell funky
4. tourist centres that are usually all the way on the other side of the city's train station, a foreign city where the city map is available at the tourist centres cause it is so damn convenient (thank god for internet!)
Titania Starlight said...
I try to keep vacations simple but that is just wishful thinking on my part.
* Long layovers when flying. Good thing that I like to read.
* When driving, I hate going through large cities. I really and truly hate
bad drivers on a large scale. Give me the countryside any day!
*Getting lost. I have only done this a few times. Actually I did it all in one town. At least a dozen times! This town is so bad to get around that each place of business has a map of where you are at! Good to see I am not the only one that thinks this town is a maze.
I enjoy these weekend questions. :o)
Jean-Luc Picard said...
I share so many of the things that irritate you.
Panthergirl, airtravel is an ordeal, as you say, no longer a pleasure.
Jon, you must have a suspicious face.
Bee, I will try Firefox. I recently put it in to see the new Beta Facebook pages. If it fails, I'll let you know via Facebook.
Holly, gas prices have forced the cost of vacations up.
You've all given great answers.
Jason Todd said...
Jelly fish, I hate jelly fish
PI said...
We don't fly so that makes life easier but I dread getting lost en route, traffic, narrow lanes and a disappointment at the other end. Usually we are lucky (lots of previous research helps)
Michele says hi.
The Real Mother Hen said...
Ohhh I don't like the PACKING bit! Absolutely hate it.
And I also don't like to face with so much dirty laundry (from the travel) when I got home.
Jane said...
I hate the packing and the airport hassles. You are exhausted by the time you get where you are going. It makes you not want to bother!!! BUT, we do...go figure!
Thanks for the well wishes for my birthday!
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Saturday, June 24, 2006
Book review: Gibraltar Sun by Michael McCollum
As a child the first set of books I read for fun were those in the Black Stallion series by Walter Farley. Next I worked through the Hardy Boys and Tom Swift books. The Tom Swift books transitioned me into Science Fiction, and for close to ten years almost all of the books I read for fun were Science Fiction.
Around the time I was twelve or thirteen I realized there was a treasure of science fiction books up in the attic. As a teenager and young man my father had collected science fiction books and magazines. He had boxes of books from the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s. He also had a fairly complete collection of Astounding, which later become Analog. Often I would come home from school, go up into the attic, and read a book during the afternoon.
As an adult, later as a husband, and especially as a parent I've not been able to keep up that pace. I still greatly enjoy science fiction, but I tend to read one or two books a month.
Recently I read Gibraltar Sun by Michael McCollum. Gibraltar Sun is the second in a trilogy. Most stories have the hero struggling against overwhelming odds. Sometimes the hero is outnumbered two to one, or five to one, or greater. In the Gibraltar series humanity is outnumbered about a million to one. The Broa has conquered every alien race they meet. Earth has learned of the Broa and survives as an independent race only because the Broa don't yet know about Earth.
Gibraltar Earth (the first book) sets the stage as humans learn about the Broa. While out exploring another solar system a human space ship rescues the lone survivor of a space battle. Humanity finds out there is a huge civilization of a million solar systems, and this civilization is run by the Broa.
Gibraltar Sun is the story of how humanity decides to fight the Broa. The first half of the book is mostly focused on the various factions on Earth that are pushing for different responses. Some want to hide. Some want to fight. A few want to contact the Broa and surrender. Our heroes are not willing to be slaves, or hope to hide forever. They recognize they can't win in a straight head on war, so they decide to see if they can trigger rebellions and help the thousands of races who are slaves to the Broa break their chains.
The second half of the book is about our heroes sneaking back into Broa space to do some scouting. Before taking a step in their war on the Broa humans need to find out exactly where the Broa systems are located. There is great excitement as negotiate with a conquered race.
I enjoy Michael McCullum's world building. The two Gibraltar books paint an interesting universe. Michael does a good job of making the Broa universe seem real.
This is a fun book. I read it in one sitting. A lot happens, but there is so much more hinted at, that I wonder how Michael McCollum will be able to wrap up everything.
If you like classic space opera, then I think you'll enjoy Gibraltar Sun.
You buy Gibraltar Sun through Amazon. But I encourage you to order directly from Michael McCullum. Most authors go through a publishing company. The publishing company gives a fraction of the sales for a book to the author. Michael McCullum is self publishing. He has created Sci Fi - Arizona, Inc. His sales may be less, but he gets all the profit when he sells directly to the reader. You can order from here. Michael makes the book available in both eletronic form, and in hardcopy.
Technorati tags: , , ,
Anonymous said...
I agree with your review of both Gibralter books. Enjoyed readin' your post.
Henry Cate said...
You might be interested in knowing that Michael McCollum has finished the conclusion.
I knew he had been working on it, and when I just checked now, I was pleased to learn it is available! I'll order it tomorrow.
r2lf.nga.s said...
Muy interesante, yo lo traduje al español GIBRALTAR EARTH, para quien lo desee descargar aqui, dejo mi aporte, ya que no lo encontre en español
Oja la sea de ayuda!!!
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Robert V. Clutter Jeffrey A. Modisett
Indianapolis, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
Kathryn Janeway
Deputy Attorney General
Indianapolis, Indiana
CHARLES BURKE, )
Appellant (Defendant Below ), )
v. ) Cause No. 49S00-9808-CR-478
STATE OF INDIANA, )
Appellee (Plaintiff Below ). )
The Honorable Nancy Broyles
Cause No. 49G04-9705-CF-070920
November 19, 1999
SHEPARD, Chief Justice.
Appellant Charles Burke contends that a jury wrongly convicted him of murder inasmuch as the evidence showed he killed in sudden heat, making the crime voluntary manslaughter instead. We conclude there was ample evidence that Burke had time to contemplate his actions and therefore affirm.
Burke and Margaret Allison lived together for nine years until the relationship went south and she asked him to move out of the house. As they began to disengage, Burke lived for a while in a trailer parked in the back yard and then at the residence of his aunt. He still tended to hang around Allison's house, hoping to re-ignite the relationship.
At about 4 p.m. on May 13, 1997, Burke called Allison to ask if he could come pick up some belongings. She said another time would be better. When Burke called again, a male voice answered. Burke decided to go to the house.
Upon arrival, he encountered the source of the male voice on the telephone: Michael Minardo, Allison's new boyfriend. At twenty-three, he was half Allison's age. Allison told Burke she had been dating Minardo for several months, and was pregnant by him. Though Burke remained in the house for a few moments, he readily became “vicious” and “wild.” (R. at 126-27.)
Burke went out on the front porch. Next-door neighbor Terry Johnson saw Burke and invited him over. As the two men sat talking and drinking beer on Johnson's front porch, an angry Burke declared, “I'm going to kill both them [m-fs].” (R. at 99, 115.) He pulled a small gun from his pocket and asked Johnson if he thought it would kill somebody. Johnson replied it would, but said it “wasn't worth ruining his life over” and tried to talk Burke into giving him the gun. (R. at 101.)
Burke was not much of a drinker, but on this occasion he left to buy more beer and then returned. About fifteen minutes later, he went over to Allison's house, entered, stood for a time watching Allison and Minardo, and then demanded some of his belongings. Minardo helped Burke carry the items to his car.
Burke spent another twenty minutes talking with Johnson on his porch and then re-entered Allison's house. Minardo was asleep on the bed that Burke and Allison had long shared. Burke had a brief conversation in the living room with Minardo's mother, who had been present throughout the events. He then entered the kitchen, where Allison was playing solitaire. She asked him to leave, and matters began to escalate.
Working his way out of the house, Burke nodded in the direction of the sleeping Minardo and said to Allison, “Is this what you want?” (R. at 136-37.) Allison said it was. Burke took out his gun and shot Minardo in the head.
The charge against Burke was murder, but he contends he committed only voluntary manslaughter, a killing “while acting under sudden heat.” Ind. Code Ann. § 35-42-1-3-(a) (West 1998). “Sudden heat” is defined as “anger, rage, sudden resentment or terror sufficient to obscure the reason of an ordinary man”; it prevents deliberation and premeditation, excludes malice and renders a person incapable of cool reflection. Utley v. State, 491 N.E.2d 200, 202 (Ind. 1986).
When the evidence in a case suggests the presence of sudden heat, the State must disprove its existence beyond a reasonable doubt to obtain a conviction for murder. Finch v. State, 510 N.E.2d 673, 675 (Ind. 1987); Holland v. State, 454 N.E.2d 409 (Ind. 1983).
We conclude the State presented evidence adequate to warrant the jury's verdict. Burke announced his intent to kill Minardo some thirty or forty minutes before he shot him. In the meantime, he drank beer and talked with Johnson, made a trip to purchase more beer, carried his belongings to the car with Minardo's help, stood in Allison's home watching the two targets of his ire, chatted with Minardo's mother, and so on.
This was adequate evidence of time for deliberation. The jury could reasonably have rejected the claim of sudden heat and found Burke guilty of murder.
We affirm.
Dickson, Sullivan, and Boehm, JJ., concur.
Text Box
Converted from WP6.1 by the Access Indiana Information Network
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'I realised Sylvia knew about Assia's pregnancy - it might have offered a further explanation of her suicide'
In a heart-breaking new twist in the story of the lives and deaths of Ted Hughes and Sylvia Plath, Elizabeth Sigmund recalls a moment of terrible realisation
In 1963, the poet Sylvia Plath, distraught at the break-up of her marriage to Ted Hughes, committed suicide. Six years later, Hughes faced more tragedy when his mistress Assia Wevill - who had lured him away from Plath - killed herself and their four-year-old daughter Shura. Elizabeth Sigmund, a close friend of Sylvia Plath, prompted by the Guardian's account of Wevill's death (Saturday Review, 10/4/99) recalls the aftermath of Plath's suicide and the terrible events surrounding the death of Assia and Shura.
In March 1963, I went with my young daughter, Meg, to visit Sylvia Plath's small children in the flat in Fitzroy Road, Primrose Hill, where their mother had killed herself weeks earlier. I had been told that Ted Hughes's aunt, Hilda, was looking after the children, four-year-old Frieda and one-year-old Nicholas. Before gassing herself, Sylvia had left food and drink for her children and made sure they were safe in their bedroom.
When Meg and I arrived we found that Frieda and Nicholas were being cared for by a young nanny, who told me that Assia Wevill had ordered Hilda out of the flat, and had moved in herself. I learnt that Assia and Ted were out, and when I asked where they were the nanny said "She's having an operation and will be back soon."
The "operation" was an abortion, and when they returned to the flat Ted came into the kitchen and handed me a copy of The Bell Jar, which had been recently published and was dedicated to me. He looked distraught and said "At night I hear the wolves howling in Regent's Park, it seems appropriate".
I realised that Sylvia would have known of Assia's pregnancy, and that the thought of Assia giving birth to Ted's child might have offered a further explanation of Sylvia's final ability to face the future. To add to this, the Third Programme - as it was then - had broadcast Ted's play, The Difficulties of a Bridegroom, a few days before Sylvia's death. This play, which bears no relation to his book of short stories under that title, published in 1995, was based on a dream which Ted told to friends, in which a young man, driving to London, ran over and killed a hare; he took the hare to a butcher, who gave him money which he spent on red roses to give to his mistress.
The second part of the play details the obsession, mixed with fear, that the man feels for his mistress's body. It must have been agonising for Sylvia to hear this, and to realise that their circle of literary friends would have been listening, as anything new by Ted was an important event. The public humiliation and loss of dignity must have been unbearable for Sylvia.
Her last letter to me, written only days before her death, was full of plans for the future, looking forward to taking part in The Critics on the radio and hosting a poetry session in a London theatre, and of her longing to return to Court Green, their country house in Devon which she had left when Ted's affair with Assia had become unbearable, "in time for my daffodils, thank God you will be there". She said, "Ted comes to visit, and I can't help longing for lost Edens". The last few days turned all that hope into despair.
Immediately after Sylvia's death, I and my husband and three children were asked by Ted to live at Court Green, as he couldn't face going back there, and wanted to sell the house. Later he changed his mind, and moved back to bring up the children there, with the help of his sister, Olwyn. We moved into a cottage in the village, and were in daily contact with Ted and his family. I heard no further mention of Assia until 1967, when she came to live at Court Green with Shura, the child she had subsequently had with Ted, who was then two years old.
I saw Assia walking about the village looking lost and miserable. She had aged and put on weight, and Ted told everyone she was dyeing her hair, as she was going quite grey by then. Hughes's children with Plath, Frieda and Nick, used to bring Shura to see us, and she would climb on my knee. She was a silent and sad child, and we never saw Ted give any indication that she was his daughter. He was so proud of Frieda and Nick, and the contrast must have been acutely painful to Assia.
On Christmas Eve, 1967, Ted came to invite us to Court Green for sherry. He said that Assia was very depressed, as she had made a special Russian Christmas cake, and no one was coming to eat it with them. We reluctantly went with Ted, and found Assia standing in the kitchen, in the shadows, looking profoundly unhappy. We felt very sorry for her, and anxious about her state of mind, despite the fact that she had always regarded us as "enemies", as we loved Sylvia and were appalled at her death. We stayed for a very short time, and several weeks later I met Olwyn Hughes, Ted Hughes' sister, in the village; she told me Assia had gone back to London, and that she had been making Ted's life a misery.
In March 1969, Assia dragged a bed into the kitchen of her Clapham flat, dissolved sleeping tablets in a glass of water and gave the drink to her daughter before draining the rest herself. Then she turned on the gas stove and got into bed with the child.
I didn't hear of Assia and Shura's death until many months later, and I still feel acute grief at the thought of that child's life. Fay Weldon, who worked with Assia at an advertising agency, has told me of the suffering that she saw Assia going through after she returned to London, as people blamed her for Sylvia's suicide, and turned their backs on her, and how Ted, although already preparing to marry Carol Orchard, was making vague promises of setting up house with Assia and Shura.
The dedication to Assia and Shura of Ted's Crow poems demonstrates the anguish he was suffering after their death. He talked to me, a year before their publication in 1970, of an image he had, of a man sitting in the desert, holding a loaded gun with only one bullet. There is a black bird sitting in a nearby tree, and the man cannot decide whether to shoot the bird or himself.
There are many biographies of Ted and Sylvia, but barely a mention of the life and death of Shura. She was a child who was conceived in a doom-laden relationship, lived a life of confusion, with a deeply depressed mother, and died what must have been a terrible death. The more one learns of these events, the more the whole thing assumes the proportions of a Greek tragedy.
The life that Sylvia and Ted had decided upon at Court Green, of working poets, not to be seduced by the lure of literary London, bringing up their children, growing vegetables and keeping bees, was only a dream for Sylvia, as it turned out. She had shown me round the house and garden when we first met, and told me of their plans to have five children, to write, to cook, to be part of a rural community, and to shun publicity.
She believed that Ted was committed to this plan, and the discovery that he was having an affair with a woman who was married to another poet (David Wevill), was not the least bit interested in living a rural idyll, and was the exact opposite of Sylvia in personality, appearance and ambitions, felt like a complete betrayal of everything that her marriage had meant. She felt that she had been thrown out of Eden, and could find no resting place.
Her decision to go back to London in the autumn of 1962 was an attempt to recapture her earlier ambition to be a brilliant literary figure, with "a salon". With the reality of two small children, a fearsomely bitter winter, frozen water pipes, the onset of 'flu and the increasing knowledge that Ted was not coming back to her, came despair and a return of the depression which she dreaded. She was presented with the impossibility of going on. The fact that she left a legacy of brilliant poetry, which came out of that despair, is an extraordinary irony, as the fame and recognition she craved in those last months only came after her death. After Assia's death, Ted resumed the life he had planned with Sylvia, but with his second wife, Carol.
Nick and Frieda have had to bear the weight of their mother's death, the subsequent miseries of jealous women fighting for Ted's affection, and their half-sister's death, balanced by their very real love and pride in their father, and gratitude for the kindness of Carol, their step-mother. I saw the suffering endured by Sylvia, her mother and children, and Ted's mother. Now, learning in the Guardian of that of Assia's relations, who cannot bear to see her and Shura's death dismissed as a footnote to the Plath/Hughes tragedy, I feel as if there is no end to the heart-breaking echoes, as Sylvia wrote in her poem, "Words":
After whose stroke the wood rings,
And the echoes!
Echoes travelling
Off from the centre like horses.
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Advertisement weblogs careymm
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Fractions and Decimals on a Number Line: A Study Guide Pin Me
Learn about Fractions and Decimals on a Number Line
written by: Sylvia Cini • edited by: Amanda Grove • updated: 1/9/2012
A number line is a simple visual aid used for comparing numbers. Usually, we use number lines to show whole numbers, but we can also show decimals and fractions on a number line. Use this study guide to learn more about whole numbers, fractions and decimals on a number line.
• slide 1 of 9
Whole Numbers
Whole numbers, also called integers or counting numbers, are the numbers we use to show complete quantities. Whole numbers are written without a decimal or fraction. For example:
• I read one book this summer.
• There are five cats in my Grandma’s house.
• I would like to buy 19 camel saddles.
• I am in debt. I have -$10 because I spent $10 more than I had available.
• slide 2 of 9
Fractions are numbers used to express a part of a whole. Fractions are written as a ratio of the number of parts to the whole. The parts are always of equal value.
• I ate ½ of the pizza. (The pizza was divided into two equal parts. I ate one of those two parts.)
• Only ¾ of the class went on the field trip. (If the class were divided into four equal groups, three out of four groups went on the trip.)
• I wasn’t going to buy a whole pineapple, so I ordered 1/3 of a pineapple.
• slide 3 of 9
Decimals are used just like fractions—to show a part of a whole. Decimals are written using the same symbols as whole numbers but are distinguished by a dividing period, called a decimal point. The decimal places, those to the right of the period, also have place value just like whole numbers.
• .1 is one tenth. Another way of talking about 1 out of 10 parts.
• .15 is one tenth and five hundredths—or 15 out of 100 parts.
• The movie is 1.5 hours long. (One complete hour and five out of ten parts of an hour. )
• I spend $4.56 on a birthday card for my Uncle Tom. (Four whole dollars and 56 out of 100 parts of a dollar--56 pennies.)
• slide 4 of 9
Number Line
A number line is constructed of one long horizontal line and several vertical lines. The vertical lines, sometimes called ticks or marks, are used to divide the number line into equal sections. (i.e., equal parts) Labels on the ticks tell you what each one means.Number Line In this number line, there are three negative and three positive integers. (i.e., -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3) Between each number there is an unlabeled tick. Since they are halfway between one number and the next, we can deduce that these unlabeled marks represent half values. (i.e., 1/2 or .5)
On a number line, fractions and decimals are represented the same way--as parts of a whole. Fractions and decimals of equal value will be shown the same way. (e.g., 1/4 will look the same was .25)
• slide 5 of 9
Example 1
Number Line -1 Look at the red dot on the number line above. It falls exactly on the line marked "-1." This is a negative integer so we know that we are talking about a negative value. In this case, having 1 unit less than zero. (Since the graph is not labeled with a title this number could represent many things: a test score, money owed, yards in a football game.)
• slide 6 of 9
Example 2
Number Line .5 The graph (above) has a red dot on an unmarked tick halfway between 0 and 1. Since we know that every other line has a value of one unit, we can deduce that every tick has a value of one half. To find the value of the dot you can reference the line before or ahead of the indicated mark.
• 0 plus one half is one half (i.e., 1/2 or .5) or
• 1 minus one half is one half
• slide 7 of 9
Example 3
Number Line 2.25 Since the dot is not on a tick we will only be able to estimate the value of the dot. This one is a bit tricky so let's take it one step at a time.
1. Identify the ticks closest to the dot. The dot is between 2 and 2.5. You can see that the whole number 2 has already been passed, so the value of the dot is 2 plus an unknown fraction. Steps 2 and 3 will help you find the value of this part.
2. Estimate the position of the dot. The dot is halfway between 2 and 2.5.
3. Figure out the value of 1/2 of 1/2, .5 of .5. Multiply the fractions/decimals to find the value of the dot's position. (1/4 or .25) Alternately, use another visual aid to help you figure this out. Draw a circle. Divide the circle in half and divide the circle in half again. The value of one section is--one quarter!
4. Add the value of this fraction/decimal with the whole number value of the dot. (2 + .25 or 2 + 1/4)
The sum is 2.25 or 2 1/4
• slide 8 of 9
Practice Problems
Can you figure out the value of the green dots for each of these graphs? (The answer key is after the Resources)Number Line b Number Line c Number Line a Number Line d
• slide 9 of 9
Here are some links to help you learn about fractions and decimals on a number line.
• Learning Wave: Number Line (http://www.learningwave.com/chapters/integers/numline.html)
• Maths Dictionary For Kids (http://www.amathsdictionaryforkids.com/dictionary.html)
• Helping With Math: Number Lines (http://www.helpingwithmath.com/resources/oth_number_lines.htm)
• Fun Brain: Number Line Game (http://www.funbrain.com/linejump/index.html)
• Math Is Fun: Number Line (http://www.mathsisfun.com/number-line.html)
Photo Credit
"Number Line Series" by Sylvia Cini. Creative Commons.
Answers to Practice Problems:
• -1.5 or -1 1/2
• -2.75 or -2 3/4
• -.25 or -1/4
• 1.75 or 1 3/4
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When the bizarre story of Notre Dame football star Manti Te’o and his imaginary girlfriend broke earlier this month, one word shot to prominence with blinding speed: “catfish.”
“Catfish” is the name of a 2010 documentary about an online romance that turned out to be predicated on a fictitious identity. The makers of the movie developed a spinoff reality show for MTV, also called “Catfish,” devoted to the same theme of duplicity in virtual relationships. Te’o’s story fit the “Catfish” narrative: He fell for a girl he never met based on a trumped-up social media presence, before her tragic “death” from leukemia. He had been “catfished.”
“Catfish” is only the latest in a long line of shorthand terms, often derived from literary or cinematic allusions, to designate the deceptive psychological games that people play. Such shorthand can take a whole complex pattern of behavior and boil it down into a pithy linguistic packet, but it can also help us get a handle on seemingly inexplicable personal dynamics by evoking a juicy, compelling narrative. In the case of “catfishing,” it’s a narrative tailor-made for the age of Twitter and Facebook.
After the sports blog Deadspin revealed that the supposed girlfriend, Lennay Kekua, was a hoax, Notre Dame athletic director Jack Swarbrick attempted to explain Te’o’s victimization by pointing to the documentary and MTV series “and the sort of associated things you’ll find online and otherwise about ‘catfish’ or ‘catfishing.’” He described “catfishing” as a scam “perpetrated with shocking frequency,” admitting that he had learned the term from a recent episode of “Dr. Phil.”
Before the documentary was released, Urban Dictionary entries for “catfish” included various negative metaphorical uses, typically referring to an ugly person or “bottom-feeder” of some sort. But after the film’s debut, a new definition emerged: “someone who pretends to be someone they’re not using Facebook or other social media to create false identities, particularly to pursue deceptive online romances,” as a July 22, 2010, entry puts it. The following year, an entry for “catfished” illustrated how the new word could be used as a verb (a usage that the MTV show has sought to capitalize on).
But why “catfish” in the first place? At the end of the movie, the husband of the scam’s perpetrator is interviewed and spins an anecdote about how live codfish were shipped from Alaska to China in vats. In order to keep the cod’s flesh from getting mushy, someone came up with the idea of putting catfish in the vats to “keep the cod agile.” He further explained that “there are those people who are catfish in life”: “They keep you guessing, they keep you thinking, they keep you fresh.”
The tale of the catfish and the cod has all the hallmarks of apocryphal folklore, and indeed it has been floating around in one form or another for at least a century. It was used as a kind of Christian parable (referring to the Atlantic rather than the Pacific fishing trade) in Henry W. Nevinson’s 1913 “Essays in Rebellion” and again in Charles Marriott’s novel “The Catfish” published later the same year.
In those days, the catfish story served a moralistic purpose, but it had nothing to do with matters of the heart. Even then, though, there were romantic frauds—and a need to name them. A full-page New York Times Magazine article in 1910 told of “poor George Osborne,” a Connecticut bachelor who had been deceived for many years into thinking that he was writing love letters to his sweetheart, when in fact it was an elaborate ploy by his neighbor to bilk him.
The headline of the article, “Wooed a ‘Marjorie Daw’ for Fourteen Long Years,” alluded to an 1869 short story by Thomas Bailey Aldrich, in which an exchange of letters between two friends leads to one of them inventing the titular character. His correspondent falls for young Marjorie Daw and seeks her out, until (in the last line of the story) she is revealed to be a fabrication. Aldrich’s work was celebrated at the time and inspired such writers as O. Henry to make their own short stories with dramatic twist endings.
Literature has provided metaphorical models for human deceit at least since Homer and Virgil described the treachery of the “Trojan horse.” The tall tales associated with Baron Münchhausen, a fictionalized version of a real 18th-century German nobleman, prompted the British physician Richard Asher in 1951 to dub the condition of feigning illness in order to draw sympathy “Munchausen syndrome.”Continued...
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Brides of Dracula
The Brides of Dracula are characters in Bram Stoker's 1897 novel Dracula. They are three seductive female vampire "sisters" who reside with Count Dracula in his castle in Transylvania, where they entrance male humans with their beauty and charm, and then proceed to feed upon them. Dracula provides them with victims to devour, mainly infants and children.
Like Dracula, they are the living dead, repulsed by religious objects. In chapter three of the novel, two are described as dark haired and the other as blond, though some film adaptations depict them as a blonde, a brunette and a redhead.
In the novel the three vampire women are not individually named. Collectively, they are known as the 'sisters', and are at one point described as the "weird sisters".[1]
Although the three vampire women in Dracula are popularly referred to as the "Brides of Dracula", they are never referred to as such in the novel, instead referred to as the 'sisters'; whether they are married to Dracula or not is never mentioned, nor are they described as having any other relation to him. Though it is mentioned by the sisters that Dracula does not love, nor has he ever loved them, the count himself claims he once loved them in the past.[2] The two dark-haired women, however, are described by Jonathan Harker to have "high aquiline noses, like the Count's". It has been suggested from this that it may have been Stoker's intent that these two are Dracula's daughters, extending the sexuality metaphor of vampirism to incest.[3] Despite their words, the sisters have oddly never attempted to leave the castle and follow Dracula's orders without question. Likewise Dracula, while angered at them disobeying trying to feed on Jonathan, shows he does care somewhat for them by giving them something to eat in the form of the contents of the "wiggling bag" and honors his promise to give them Harker when he leaves.
As vampires, the sisters are powerful in their own right; their beauty and playful charm belie lethal, predatory interiors. Their beauty and flirtatious manner appears to be their greatest power when it comes to bewitching their victims into a trance-like state. Harker and Van Helsing are both attracted to, and yet repulsed by them. They can seemingly appear out of nowhere and are inhumanly strong as shown when they kill Helsing's horses. Though they live in fear of Dracula, the blond vampire can be seen defying him when she demands to feed upon Harker. The blond vampire is described by one of the brunettes as, "The First" and she is depicted as the leader of the three and Dracula's favourite. This may suggest that the blonde is in fact Dracula's wife, and may be the mother of the two dark-haired women if they are indeed his daughters. Or it may be that she is the most recent addition to his women-folk, and the brunettes are simply training her in how to prey upon humans.
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Sometime near the beginning of the novel, Harker encounters them when he wanders the castle during Dracula's absence and enters a luxurious salon where the sisters are kept. As it's nightfall when he does this, the sisters are awake and roaming the castle. More than delighted that fresh prey has entered their domain, they proceed to seduce him. Harker tries to resist their seduction and is saved by Dracula, who drives them back, chastising them for trying to feed on Harker when he wasn't done with him, though he promises to give Harker to them after his business deal is concluded and gives then a "wiggling bag" (highly presumed by Harker to be a child) to appease them. Dracula makes good on his word and leaves Harker to the sisters when he heads for England, but Harker manages to escape the castle before they can drain him, though he is badly traumatized by the encounter.
The sisters aren't seen again till near the end of the novel as the protagonists approach Castle Dracula in pursuit of the vampire. The sisters suddenly appear at a camp consisting of Van Helsing and Mina Harker. Sensing that Mina is bitten and nearly a vampire, they beckon the latter to join them, referring to her as their "sister". However, thanks to the holy symbols placed around her, Mina keeps her sense of self and is repulsed by them, though does feel the urge to heed their calls. Van Helsing manages to keep them at bay, but the sisters persist in trying to take Mina. In the middle of this, they manage to kill and feed on their horses. The sisters are forced to flee when the sun rises. Van Helsing subsequently goes to Dracula's castle and, after locating their tombs, destroys them by staking and decapitating them.
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In other media
Commonly all three brides appear in film adaptations of the novel, though some adaptations show fewer than three, such as the 1995 spoof Dracula: Dead and Loving It, in which two appear, and Dracula (1958) and Drakula İstanbul'da, where a single bride appears. They are typically depicted as enchantingly beautiful young women, coquettish and seductive in manner, often appearing to men like succubi in the night, dressed in flowing silk nightgowns and behaving in a wild and sexually aggressive manner.
Although missing from the silent film Nosferatu, the Brides made silent appearances in the 1931 film Dracula and the Spanish language version of Drácula. (The latter film, shot simultaneously on the same sets at night with a separate cast and crew, depicts the brides as more obviously sexual than in the more chaste English-language version.)
The three brides are present but silent in the Jack Palance television adaptation although shown as a bit more ravenous as they attack Harker on sight. Dracula saves Harker from them the first time. But Harker is later caught while trying to escape the castle and thrown into their chambers. Upon awakening, Harker finds the brides waiting for him, they corner him easily and feed on him with no Dracula to stop them. Harker is later shown having died from this and became a ravenous vampire himself.
They had lines in the 1977 BBC production entitled Count Dracula. Dracula is a bit less antagonistic to them in this version, talking to them sternly yet gently and almost playfully.
In Francis Ford Coppola's 1992 film Bram Stoker's Dracula, the brides were played by Monica Bellucci, Michaela Bercu and Florina Kendrick. They lure Jonathan Harker to a secluded bedchamber in Dracula's castle before sexually abusing him in an erotic frenzy. When Dracula voyages to England to seduce Mina, Harker is given to The Brides. They keep him prisoner, draining just enough of his blood to keep him in an anaemic stupor. He eventually escapes them (a deleted scene shows Harker managing to bypass them by using a makeshift cross), and they are not seen again until a confrontation with Van Helsing in the Carpathian mountains, after which he beheads them. Bellucci, Bercu and Kendrick's dialogue was entirely in Romanian, and Kendrick reportedly helped her co-stars to speak her native tongue correctly.
While the Brides usually remain nameless, they are called Marishka, Aleera, and Verona (played by actresses Josie Maran, Elena Anaya and Silvia Colloca, respectively) in the 2004 film Van Helsing. For the first time, the Brides are more than brief background, becoming important minions of Dracula and powerful combatants. In Van Helsing, both Dracula and his Brides have the ability to transform into large winged monsters.
The concept was also present in the 1987 horror comedy The Monster Squad, where Dracula has abducted three young women (Mary Albee, Joan-Carrol Baron, and Julie Merrill) and turns them into his vampire brides.
In Dracula 2000, the Brides are composed of Dracula victims he bites upon his awakening and journeying to New Orleans. They include Solina (Jennifer Esposito), a thief who was part of a group mistaking his coffin for a treasure chest. Dracula seduces and bites her during the plane ride along with the rest of group. Valerie Sharpe (Jeri Ryan), a news reporter covering the plane crash that was carrying his coffin. Dracula awakens, kills her camera man before turning her. and Lucy Westerman (Colleen Fitzpatrick), Mary's roommate whom Dracula meets while tracking her, she's seduced and turned during sex with Dracula. The three help Dracula capture Mary but are killed during the final confrontation. Valeria by a stake, Solina and Lucy by decapitation.
The Brides also appeared in the Buffy The Vampire Slayer in the season 5 premier "Buffy vs. Dracula". They were referred to as "The Three Sisters." As Buffy fights Dracula, the Brides work to "distract" Giles from coming to her aid. They are credited as "Vampire Girls" and played by Marita Schaub, Leslee Jean Matta, and Jennifer Slimko.
They appear in Dracula, the musical where they sing Forever Young and have intricate and elaborate flying sequences.
They also appear in the French Canadian musical Dracula - Entre l'amour et la mort played by Rita Tabbakh, Elyzabeth Diaga, Brigitte Marchand, and Casiopée.
They also appear in the 2002 Italian adaption of Dracula (Known as Dracula's Curse in foreign markets), Like the 1992 version they speak in their native tongue and play up their supernatural nature by being able to fly and phase through objects.
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In literature
In Fangland, author John Marks re-imagines the Brides of Dracula as Greek brothers.
In the alternate history novel Anno Dracula, Dracula becomes dominant in Britain and eventually weds Queen Victoria, becoming Prince consort and Lord Protector. Despite being married to Victoria he keeps his retinue of brides, who despise the now-powerless and chained Victoria. It is mentioned that one of the brides is Barbara of Celje.
In the first sequel, The Bloody Red Baron, the Brides of Dracula are mentioned as including Mata Hari, Lady Marikova (from the novel The House of Dracula by Ronald Chetwynd-Hayes), Lola-Lola (from the film The Blue Angel), Sadie Thompson, Lemora, and the Baron Meinster (from the film The Brides of Dracula).
In the beginning of the second sequel, Dracula Cha Cha Cha, a list of Dracula's official brides is given. They are: Elisabeta of Transylvania (from Bram Stoker's Dracula), 1448–1462; Ilona Szilagy (Vlad III's real-life second wife), 1466–1476; Marguerite Chopin of Courtempierre (from Vampyr), 1709–1711; Queen Victoria, 1886–1888; and Sari Gábor, 1948-1949. The plot surrounds Dracula's engagement to Princess Asa Vajda (from Black Sunday).
Chelsea Quinn Yarbro has written a trilogy called Sisters of the Night, with each book featuring the story of one of brides: Kelene: The Angry Angel (1998), Fenice: The Soul of an Angel (1999) and Zhameni: The Angel of Death (unpublished).[4]
In The Diaries of the Family Dracul by Jeanne Kalogridis, the Brides are imagined as Zsuzsanna Tsepesh, a descendant of Vlad Dracul (believed in the novels to be his niece); Dunya, a Transylvanian servant of Vlad's mortal descendants, and Elisabeth Bathory, the notorious Hungarian noblewoman who murdered hundreds of her servants and bathed in their blood.
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In comic books
A number of brides are seen in the Marvel Comics series, The Tomb of Dracula ranging from victims long since turned from ancient times to recent ones of modern day. Likewise in the follow up series Dracula Lives, a two part story in particular called The Pit of Death in which the protagonist is thrown into the titular pit where many of Dracula's brides are kept, among them his blind wife.
The Brides are seen in the DC Comics mini series, Victorian Undead II: Sherlock Holmes vs Dracula. Led by Lucy Westenra, they attack the heroes when they come to search their lair.
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1. ^ Dracula, pg 47 "I dared not wait to see him return, for I feared to see those weird sisters",pg 244 "He come on moonlight rays as elemental dust, as again Jonathan saw those sisters in the castle of Dracula pg 377 "Then I braced myself again to my horrid task, and found by wrenching away tomb tops one other of the sisters, the other dark one. I dared not pause to look on her as I had on her sister, lest once more I should begin to be enthrall. But I go on searching until, presently, I find in a high great tomb as if made to one much beloved that other fair sister which, like Jonathan I had seen to gather herself out of the atoms of the mist. She was so fair to look on, so radiantly beautiful, so exquisitely voluptuous, that the very instinct of man in me, which calls some of my sex to love and to protect one of hers, made my head whirl with new emotion."
2. ^ Dracula, pg 38
3. ^ Jan B. Gordon's "The Transparency of Dracula", in Bram Stoker's Dracula: Sucking Through the Century, 1897-1997, edited by Carol Margaret Davison.
4. ^ http://www.chelseaquinnyarbro.net/biblio_alpha.html
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Last modified on 4 May 2013, at 11:32
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Saban: Nothing has changed for Alabama after romp
TUSCALOOSA, Ala. (AP) -- Alabama coach Nick Saban is quick to deliver a reality check when the latest opponent can't.
The No. 2 Crimson Tide's restocked defense came up with big plays, accomplished its primary goal of containing quarterback Denard Robinson. The unit also looked similarly formidable to last year's group in Saturday night's opening win over No. 8 Michigan.
Enter Saban, who wants to ensure reporters and players alike know that the perception outside the football building is all that's changed.
''Everyone thought we were too young, too inexperienced, couldn't handle success,'' Saban said Monday. ''Everybody was saying all those things about our team. Now, people are saying something different. But my question is what's different? Nothing.
''We're still young, we're still inexperienced. We've still got things to work on. It's going to be all about the maturity that the team has to be able to focus on what they need to do to correct the deficits that we have.''
Convincing the team might be easier than fans who watched the dominant performance.
The defending national champions looked every bit the part of a contender in that 41-14 romp after facing an offseason of questions starting with a defense replacing four high NFL draft picks and eight starters. Experience, not talent, was the question.
The main charge was to contain Michigan's Robinson. Alabama accomplished that mission except for one long ball apiece yielded by the starting cornerbacks, Dee Milliner and Deion Belue.
The Wolverines still managed just 269 yards, 115 on those two plays.
The next day, Saban brought the Tide back to earth ahead of Saturday's visit from Western Kentucky.
''He told us that that was just the first game, so don't get all hyped up about that because we've got a lot more games to come and we've got a lot more improvement to do,'' linebacker C.J. Mosley said.
Milliner fell down on a 44-yarder from Robinson and Belue, a junior college transfer, gave up a 71-yarder in the first half.
Saban noted that wasn't all on the cornerbacks. Both those plays came on double moves from the receiver, which left an instant longer for the defensive front to pressure Robinson. One came on a blitz that couldn't reach him in time.
Even if Western Kentucky can't make Alabama pay on plays like that, a visit to No. 10 Arkansas and quarterback Tyler Wilson comes next.
''There's a lot of things we need to fix, there's a lot of things they did well'' Saban said. ''They played hard, they were physical. They did a good job of stopping the run, which was the goal in the game.
''The goal of the game was not to let the quarterback run the ball. He didn't have very many opportunities to run it. Even on his zone option reads we were sort of making it so he was going to hand the ball off and make somebody else beat us. We did a good job of executing the game plan.''
Building a 31-0 lead allowed Alabama to get some youngsters from the latest highly rated recruiting class to get onto the field. That includes players who could be relied on to provide depth such as Belue's backup Geno Smith, No. 2 linebacker Denzel Devall and safety Landon Collins.
Alabama had to replace three first-round draft picks and early second-rounder Courtney Upshaw from a defense that led the nation in all the major statistical categories.
The Tide's defense featured a number of sophomores thrust into bigger roles - including safeties Ha Ha Clinton-Dix and Vinnie Sunseri and linebackers Xzavier Dickson and Adrian Hubbard. Saban's mixed reviews certainly applied. For instance, Sunseri perfectly read an option play to stuff a third-down run in the third quarter but also jumped offsides on a blitz.
Center Barrett Jones has seen the group develop leading up to the season, and wasn't surprised with the initial result.
''We felt very confident with our defense,'' Jones said. ''It didn't feel too much different out there. They got us the ball in good field position. They did a lot of great things out there. Got a lot of stops, lot of three-and-outs, turnovers. We were very pleased with them. We couldn't have asked for much more from them.''
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Friday, June 04, 2004
Kevin and Me
Most days, I’m pretty much on the same
wavelength as Kevin Drum (Washington Monthly’s Political Animal) when it comes to political discourse. Any disagreements I might have with Kevin's opinions are usually more semantic in nature than anything else, even though Kevin certainly tacks a wee bit to the right of me.
Today, though, we depart in opinion.
Kevin has compiled a short and fairly accurate analysis of the current issues with oil supplies. He specifically looks at the situation from the demand side (where any such discussion should start), and compares historic demand for oil with capacity to produce it. What was a bit of an eye opener for me was his demand / capacity graph. Looking at the graph from a historic perspective, it's clear as a bell that the West is heading for some rough waters. In Kevin's analysis, you should enjoy your $2.25 gas, because it looks like prices will (long term) be headed increasingly upward. He even takes a pretty good swing at why demand has become so skewed - and it isn't all the fault of the West.
On these issues we agree. And I'll give Kevin this - he tries to look at all sides of the Rubik's cube. Our departure in opinion is on solutions.
There are two ways to stabilize the situation: suck more oil out of the ground, and/or decrease demand.
Kevin posits that there are five key actions that could positively impact the demand/capacity imbalance:
The five key actions that Kevin lists are basically the same actions that the energy lobby supports, in one manner or another. What these actions, as a group, fail to do is bring what every consumer and business person everywhere needs more than lower prices: price predictability. I believe that it's not so much the high price that drives us nuts (although when I filled up this morning, watching the wheels spin on the gas pump meter was certainly on my mind), but the unpredictability of gasoline prices for our vehicles and natural gas / fuel oil to heat our homes in the winter.
The bottom line is that there is a finite supply of oil at present and predicted consumption rates (20 years? 50? 100?). At some point in time, as a species, we're going to have to decide to bite the bullet. I know that there's no political will to bite any friggin’ bullet, but I'd like to offer a reasonable start at a long term solution that at least brings predictability to the consumer, doesn't mortgage our energy future, doesn't rape the environment in our collective last gasp for more oil, eliminates a major flash point in world politics, and positions us, as a species, for the future.
The quickest and most reasonable way to solve energy problems in the long run is to adopt a sensible application of consumer energy taxes and tax credits - a carrot and stick approach to solving the energy problems once and for all. One (a tax) won't work without the other (tax credits). Here's my "non-economist" view of how it works:
1. Raise the tax on consumer energy products (gasoline, natural gas, fuel oil, etc.), and make the tax a variable tax - in other words, as the market price for oil increases, the tax rate decreases. Vice-versa, as the market price for oil decreases, the tax rate increases. Effectively, then, the price of finished oil products to the consumer is stabilized, regardless of market or seasonal fluctuations. A portion of the tax could be utilized for R&D on alternative energy sources - for example, fuel cell technology that is actually, and economically, scalable.
2. Offer significant tax credits for use / purchase of non-fossil fuel alternative energy sources.
3. Offer credits for purchase of hybrid / alternative energy vehicles.
4. Offer significant tax credits for fuel conservation purchases - I'll give you an example - let's say I have a 15 year old central air system in my house. Now, I know inherently that if I replaced the system with current technology, I'd probably save a significant amount of energy dollars over the course of a year. But the initial outlay is so high that I'm willing to limp along with the old unit until it gives up the ghost. Now, if I had the ability to write off say, an amount equal to the differential in energy costs for a year, now that would be some incentive to change out my old power hog, and to buy the most energy efficient unit possible.
That's a starting point, anyway. It's fair, reasonably equitable, reduces demand, and rewards both efficiency and development of alternative energy sources. (Sidebar: Can you imagine what kind of impact the investment of $200 billion in alternative energy research would have in actually bringing some of these technologies to market. $200 billion is what we've expended in Iraq, to date.)
But, but, but. The above isn't my biggest point of departure with Kevin Drum. The following paragraph at the end of his posting is what tweaked me:
Liberals can help too. How about a deal that trades ANWR drilling for higher CAFE standards, for example? Sounds horrible, doesn't it? But it might be a politically feasible trade, and in the end the benefit from higher mileage cars probably vastly outweighs the negatives of another pipeline in Alaska. Consider it food for thought.
What Kevin views as a "trade", I view as abject capitulation. CAFE (auto fuel efficiency standards) for ANWR is not a tradeoff -- it's an environmental Faustian bargain.
I'm no longer willing to concede the need for raping ANWR or any other scrap of the planet in our increasingly urgent quest for the last drop of oil. We long ago reached a point of diminishing returns in what we get for both money invested in oil exploration / drilling -- and the vulnerability this quest brings to the environment around us has become unacceptable. Again, it's way past time to quit whistling past the energy graveyard. We've reached a critical convergence of world politics, energy politics, and environmental politics, and someone in a powerful position needs to stand up at a podium and say so.
I believe President Gore would have done just that. George Bush would drink a gallon of Texas Light crude before he would admit there's a big problem that needs more than a bandaid solution. And I don't think John Kerry will take any significant steps in that direction, either, at least not without a clear mandate to do so and at least one (cough, cough...Democratic Party) house of congress behind him.
Yeah, I know, I'm a goddam pollyanna. Perhaps Kevin is more of a realist than myself, and that's OK, too. What I do know is that even if we, as a species, decided to make the commitment to change today, the upside of being forced into the future probably wouldn't be realized in my lifetime.
But we've gotta start somewhere. The discussion has to start somewhere, sometime, and and that sometime needs to be sooner than later.
Why not now?
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Fun with Purple
OK, the movie Purple: Organized Crime in aSmallTown, has come and gone leaving behind renewed interest in Clare’s gangster past.
I wrote a column a few weeks ago about Meyer Lansky, who was called “the chairman of the board” of organized crime inAmericaand his partnership with long time Clare resident Sam Garfield. Yes, Clare had a big time gangster operating here [at least some of the time] but no, he wasn’t a Purple. In fact Clare’s organized crime involvement came years after the Purple Gang had faded away.
The Purple Gang, however, sounds romantic while money laundering through oil leases is a snoozer.The result is an attempt to connect two separate historical happenings [The Purples & Clares gangsters] that were years apart to make a better story.
The Purple Gang was a short lived outfit. It came to prominence inDetroitabout 1927 and by 1932 had virtually disappeared. The Purples were unique in that they were the only Jewish gang to dominate an entire city. In other places the Irish, Jewish, and Sicilian gangs either fought each other [Capone vs. O’Bannon, St. Valentines Day massacre] or combined in alliances like Meyer Lansky and Luck Luciano inNew York.
The Purples were a creation of Prohibition. They were largely a family operation. Ray Bernstein was the founder. When he was convicted of murder and went to prison his son Abe took over. The Bernstein’s, Abe, Ray, Joey, and Izzy were the core of the gang. Other family’s, the Kewell’s and Fleisher’s made up the balance. Compared to Capone and his organization the Purples were remarkably small.
The Purples were extraordinarily violent. They were predatory and went after other gangs, and even their own members. In 1931 a group of three Purples had broken away and formed what was called The Little Jewish Navy. They ran liquor across the Detroit River in small boats. Lured to an apartment by the Purples, the three were murdered in what came to be called The Collingwood Massacre. This was the last straw and the State ofMichiganand City ofDetroitcops came down on them hard. When they got through, most of the Purples were in prison and the gang was a shadow of its former self.
With the Purples vulnerable, Joe Zirilli and the Italians decided to take over their territory. After killing a few Purples, they succeeded. By 1932 the Purple Gang as a meaningful force inDetroitcrime was gone.
While all of this was going on inDetroit, Meyer Lansky was operating a gambling operation out ofManhattan. He wasn’t a Purple and he wasn’t in the liquor business. He was partnered up with Lucky Luciano, not the Bernstein’s.
It wasn’t until 1964, 33 years after the Purples ended that Meyer
Lansky came to Clare and joined Sam Garfield in the oil business.Garfield’s money probably came from his association withLas Vegasmobster, Moe Dalitz. Even though they knew each other fromDetroit, they were connected withClevelandandOhiomobs rather thanDetroit. Certainly not with thugs like the Purples.
Now there’s a website that claims that after prohibition gangsters “took over the Doherty Hotel.” They didn’t. A.J. Doherty likes to let people think that because it makes a more romantic story for the hotel. But no, gangsters never took over anything in Clare, let alone the Doherty Hotel.
And no,Livingstonkilling Isaiah Leebove didn’t have anything to do with the Purples or organized crime. These were just two shady oil guys, one of whom was nuts and a drunk. If the shooting hadn’t taken place in the Doherty Hotel Bar in front of people it wouldn’t have been noticed. Now it’s part of our folklore.
So, Clare did have a connection with organized crime on its very highest levels, but that was 33 years after the Purples and Prohibition. Did any of these people know each other back then?
Probably. One of the Bernstein’s worked for Sam Garfield at Mammoth Producing, his oil company. But mainly they operated in different cities and in different criminal businesses. Lansky/Luciano [of Murder Incorporated fame] inNew Yorkgambling, and the Purples inDetroitsmuggling liquor.Garfield was in basketball gambling and various semi-legal enterprises inOhio. He was also an investor in the Havana Hilton.
I know that Forrest Meek, who died two weeks ago, was researching a book he was going to call Purple Crude which would be about organized crime and the oil business. He never finished his research but I’m presuming a great deal of his work found its way into the documentary film many of you saw. I wish he’d finished the book. I’d have been first in line to buy it.
So, even if the connections are tenuous, and the facts a little shaky, the Purple Gang in Clare makes a great story and should provide us with years of entertainment. Thanks to Forrest Meek and moviemaker Ben Tigner for adding a little color and fun to our history.
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Reply to a comment
Reply to this comment
valandingham1 writes:
Why did this Horse Owner not Dispose of the Horses before it could cause damage to the Bold Eagles and possibly other Wild Life in the Area?
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Navigational Differences Between Men and Women
Are there any differences in the abilities of men and women to navigate?
Anyone who has sat in the front of a car with someone of the opposite sex is likely to have an opinion on this subject, although to be honest it is not something that I had given a huge amount of thought to before I was asked live on national radio. Men and women have been signing up for my courses in roughly equal numbers since, so I do not think I offended too many people in my answer. Although I am still a long way from having any final or definitive answers to this question, I have certainly taken more of an interest since.
Looking for answers to this in history is fraught with problems. There are sexist biases in most earlier cultures and the record itself is often biased towards the male perspective, ‘the powerful role of women, moreover, has been virtually ignored’. We find this bias woven into the world around some cultures. The Innuit see the steady east-southeast wind as male, but the temperamental west-northwest wind as female. The Gwi of the Kalahari know a male rain that is hard and driving, it ‘shouts loudly’ and comes from thunderstorms. There is also a female rain which is steadier, ‘speaks softly and is gentle’.
The roles of men and women have tended to favour men’s opportunities to improve their navigational ability, but not universally as Colonel Dodge noticed when observing the Native Americans in the 19th century,
‘The older women have a vast amount of outdoor work, hunting up stray ponies, etc., particularly in winter, when it is too cold for her lord and master to be out, or when he is probably losing the stray animals at the gaming-table.’
Some cultures have also recognized that the people who are chosen to do the navigating may not be the best ones to pass on that knowledge. In the Australian outback Lindsay discovered that the men made poor teachers and the ‘best of all instructors is an Aboriginal woman who has taught the art to many children in her time.’ This may be the reason that in some Pacific myths navigation is the gift of women.
The relationship between sex, our place in the universe and our journeys in it has long been an imperfect one and although always changing the modern age has obviously not ironed out all biases. In the late sixties S. Jocelyn Bell Burnell worked to help discover the strange and ‘phenomenal objects’ in the universe that are now known as pulsars,
It remains a contentious area. Even if we appreciate that opportunities in the workplace should be equal, it does not mean that the two sexes are equal in all innate abilities. Men do, on average, run faster and have a reputation for being more aggressive. Women have a better sense of smell and a reputation for being able to do more than one thing at a time. The world is a much more interesting place because of the differences and fairer one for not deciding everything on the basis of irrelevant ones.
Part of the challenge is that we live in a society that recognizes male and female strengths and abilities more fairly, if not perfectly, than has historically been the case, but we are interested in an ability that may have been shaped prior to such developments. Even if there was no genetic difference at one stage of human development that does not rule out the possibility that sociological and anthropological conditions introduced them. If a woman’s genes were more likely to be passed on by her physical appearance than her hunting and foraging ability then those are the genes that would be favoured and vice versa. That may not represent the world we live in now, but it may be the one that our genes have all sprung from. So are there any differences?
‘Whenever a sexual difference has been found, most spatial tests on humans, of whatever age, have shown males to be more adept than females.’
This quote by the scientist, Robin Baker, who led research into human navigational ability, seems fairly conclusive. As ever it is not quite so simple. Baker discovered that although men often performed better than women in the tests it was not necessarily due to any inherent ability, but because of their reading of external cues, which may have been due to experience. In one experiment the women’s ability to orientate themselves actually deteriorated after a blindfold was taken off. Women were relying on intuition more than the men who were improving their ability to find direction by using external clues like the sun and the wind. Conversely, women proved more effective at navigating in situations where external clues could not be used. They were better able to orientate themselves at the end of short journeys as a blindfolded passenger for example.
If, as Baker suggests, these differences are due to natural selection then it can be traced back through primitive behaviour to monkeys. The male traits being consistent with the ‘solitary long-distance exploration’ that is more prevalent in males of tribes across the world as well as primates like the Japanese Macaque.
This is where my reading of the situation diverges from Baker’s and the probably the scientific community as a whole. I should emphasise that I have not conducted any rigorous scientific experiments to date.
When I fell in love with the subject of natural navigation it was because it addressed a desire in me to reconcile a scientific, pragmatic view of the world with something more fundamental, perhaps even primeval and certainly holistic. Science can explain why a wind blows, but I doubt that it will ever properly explain the desire I sometimes have to go for a walk on a windy day. My research into and experience of the subject has always needed to veer between the scientific to the experiential. I think for this reason I have a different theory as to differences in navigational ability between men and women in this area.
The first thing I should say is that I believe a lot of the differences in ability between individuals can be accounted for in a non-gender-specific way. The individual attributes, aptitudes and characters, of men and women overlap so thoroughly that any attempt to isolate individual traits will have very widespread exceptions. If I describe an aggressive muscular mathematician with facial hair and a body-odour problem, then female readers may rush to disown them, but they cannot do so with total authority.
A key difference between individuals is what is sometimes referred to as ‘left brain’ or ‘right brain’ thinking or an analytical versus intuitive approach. I think this may help to understand not just the difference between some men and women in this area, but individuals generally and may possibly hold the key to navigating more effectively and at the very least enjoying the process more. This is how.
I do believe that most people have a bias towards either objective analytical thought (left-brain) or intuitive holistic subjective thought (right-brain). I do also believe that there is a slight bias towards left-brain thinking in men and right-brain thinking in women. Natural navigation tends to favour those that do not hold onto one type of thinking too religiously. My experience in the field has proven, to my own satisfaction, that both approaches have severe limitations and that a full and accurate picture can best be built up by trying to improve your weaker side. Let’s look at an example.
A test that I have conducted with dozens of men and women is to ask them to look at a photograph of a country house, taken in low light, and then ask in which direction the picture is taken. There are numerous rational logical clues including a low sun on the left side of the picture. There are also some holistic clues that can only be spotted by thinking beyond the physical, these include the orientation of the garden and the fact that there are a lot of lights on in the house.
Men and women have faired equally well in this task, but the approach is subtly different. Men favour the physical clues, women favour the holistic. I made one discovery by accident, because the large laminated photos were quite expensive to produce I only had five printed. This meant when teaching a group of twenty it was necessary to form teams. I did this by convenience, grouping people according to where they were sat in the room. This meant that there have been some all-male teams, some all-female teams and some mixed groups.
Something that I began to notice is that the all-male teams were quite regularly getting it confidently right or wrong and the all-female teams were getting it hesitantly right and wrong, but slightly more were getting it right than the all-male teams. The mixed teams often managed to get it confidently right.
The all-male teams saw the low sun and focused on this, making the fair assumption that it was the start or end of the day. The objective analytic clues to back this up were a lot more difficult, including tree shape and faint stars. The men were therefore getting divided in their ability to work out whether it was dawn or dusk, but settled on one.
The all-female teams also saw the sun and made a similar assessment but then tended to jump to a more holistic view that took into account human behaviour. There is a large garden in the photograph foreground and all the lights in the house were on. The holistic assessment often went along the lines of: most people like to have a south-facing garden and nobody turns all the lights on in a house at dawn.
The mixed teams often used the holistic view to back up observations of a more analytical nature. The shape of the trees and other clues do fit a north-facing pattern quite readily when you have the idea about the lights or the garden to work with.
This is only anecdotal, there is no academically valid data that I have accumulated, only what I have observed – this is mainly because at the time of these observations I am being paid to teach, not research. It would also be fair to say that many individuals and groups have gone against this model, but if I was to bet on a team confidently solving the puzzle then it would be a mixed team.
The lesson for all of us if there is one in this is that it is very helpful in natural navigation, and probably other natural challenges, to understand whether we have a left or right-brain bias and to not let that dictate our every thought. Nature reveals clues in equal measure to an objective analytical approach and a subjective holistic one, if we charge ahead with only one of these we are likely to miss half the picture.
Back to Library
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| 61
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Health knowledge made personal
Ron Unger Patient Expert
According to what has been called the medical model, people who have been diagnosed with "schizophrenia" and with "psychosis" in general, have a brain disease or chemical imbalance. Past life experience such as trauma, according to that model, has nothing to do with why... Full Bio
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http://www.wellsphere.com/ron-unger/134421/bookmarks
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08 March 2011
Drilling in Gulf is dangerous and unmanageable
Marilyn Clark, a Magdalen Islander studying at Memorial University, argues that oil and gas exploration in the Gulf of St. Lawrence is unmanageable and dangerous in the current regulatory context.
She writes in the Montreal Gazette:
What will governance look like with four offshore regulators in less than 500 kilometres of water? If we believe that Quebec and Newfoundland will cooperate to prioritize citizens, we are kidding ourselves. They have already sliced moving water down the middle to conduct their environmental assessments.
The lack of a harmonized approach for a single body of water will permit pollution without political accountability; the citizens of one province will have no way of holding the governments of other provinces responsible.
Why is the government gambling with the assets of my region, while the renewable resources of southwest Nova Scotia and British Columbia are protected? The Gulf only fully flushes itself out once a year. If drill cuttings, waste water and chronic spills are the new ingredients of our Gulf, we will be importing our lobster from the Caribbean and our crab from Asia. How can I be expected to invest in my region when I know that the offshore regulatory framework is so flawed that oil companies monitor themselves?
- srbp -
No comments:
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In our busy lives, we see people on a daily basis or every couple of days for a short time and we move on.
Many times it is about the same time of day and in the same place. We check in with them, perhaps talking about common interests, the weather, what we did or what we are going to do. Pretty simple.
But there are those people who have a "joie de vivre" about them and they make your encounter with them just a bit more special. So here are some people I see on a regular basis on my "dawn patrols" who bring a smile and good feeling with them as they start the day. These three people are part of the greater Monterey "dawn patrol." They get an early morning start to their day's events and are usually seen with a smile, which is passed on to others.
Pete is a surfer, surfboard entrepreneur, blogger and retired educator who I see maybe three to five days a week walking the streets of Monterey in the early morning. Whether it be foggy, sunny or wet, Pete is usually on the streets by 7 a.m., dressed in his green coordinated workout wear.
Pete was a world class Rugby player, legendary high school football coach and currently is a retired gentleman of leisure, who dabbles in what he wants to dabble in. When we talk, it is usually about surfing-related events, activities, people or our travels. When we go on to our separate ways, I have a good feeling of connection and it appears that we both like what we are doing, if only we could lose a few pounds that retirement has bestowed upon us.
Solomon is a joy to see in the morning, as he is always in the "up position." He knows more people in Monterey, does more in the Monterey community being involved in all types of events, and goes the extra distance in supporting individuals in need.
I have termed every Friday "Happy Solomon Day" as that is the day he works at the Sports Center and it brings a smile to all who enter. I see Solomon walking the recreation trail with his wife, Kathy, as well as running into him in many different places from Big Sur, walking in Pacific Grove to patrolling the aisles of Costco. Saying "good morning" and talking with Solomon is like a breath of fresh air. He is always in a good mood and it is passed on to others.
Bucky does his "dawn patrol" usually at Asilomar Beach, but can also be seen at Carmel parked on Scenic and the Dunes parking lot in Pebble Beach checking out the surf conditions. Bucky defies the aging process by going out in big wave conditions, where younger surfers, just sit and watch.
Bucky's day job is in the golf industry, and he can pick and choose his work schedule depending on the surf. Bucky has a fluid "old school" style of surfing, yet he is right there when it comes to positioning on a wave. There is a flow in his movements on a wave that define surfing grace, style and knowledge.
Bucky and I share a love of reading papers, while we check the surf, as we wait for the tide to change. I pass on my San Francisco Chronicle to him and if he is out surfing, I will stick it on his windshield under the wipers.
Surfers can be a moody lot, especially when there is no surf. Bucky is a bright spot as he is always in a good mood, whether the surf is up or down. I have seen him even get a smile out of several of the perennial sourpuss younger surfers. As an older surfer, Bucky is given a lot of respect not so much for his age, but for his surfing ability, knowledge and experience. A day in the water, or a go out with Bucky, is a great "feel good" session because of the positive friendly "vibes" he has.
So if you have people in your life who make your day better with a great start, let them know how you appreciate seeing them.
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| 541
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The EFF and NSA will square off in court yet again
Comments Threshold
RE: Good Luck EFF
By Don Tonino on 9/19/2008 9:50:55 AM , Rating: 2
Usually that is done with the knowledge and authorization of the judicial system, so there's a check to what the government is rightfully allowed to monitor. True, there have been many cases of illegal wirings and taps, but as far as I've heard illegal was the word defining it.
I do welcome any useful informations on any systematic monitoring going on though, as I readily admit not knowing much about that (and being willing to get to know more)
Anyway, if something is perceived (or it actually is) wrong or illegal, it doesn't make it any better if it's done somewhere else by someone else. If EU countries were to have the same activities going on, to me they would be equally wrong in doing that.
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| 5,539
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Year of Publication
1. sRAGE Induces Human Monocyte Survival and Differentiation
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is produced either as a transmembrane or soluble form (sRAGE). Substantial evidence supports a role for RAGE and its ligands in disease. sRAGE is reported to be a competitive, negative regulator of membrane RAGE activation, inhibiting ligand binding. However, some reports indicate that sRAGE is associated with inflammatory disease. We sought to define the biological function of sRAGE on inflammatory cell recruitment, survival, and differentiation in vivo and in vitro. To test the in vivo impact of sRAGE, the recombinant protein was intratracheally administered to mice, which demonstrated monocyte- and neutrophil-mediated lung inflammation. We also observed that sRAGE induced human monocyte and neutrophil migration in vitro. Human monocytes treated with sRAGE produced proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Our data demonstrated that sRAGE directly bound human monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. Binding of sRAGE to monocytes promoted their survival and differentiation to macrophages. Furthermore, sRAGE binding to cells increased during maturation, which was similar in freshly isolated mouse monocytes compared with mature tissue macrophages. Because sRAGE activated cell survival and differentiation, we examined intracellular pathways that were activated by sRAGE. In primary human monocytes and macrophages, sRAGE treatment activated Akt, Erk, and NF-κB, and their activation appeared to be critical for cell survival and differentiation. Our data suggest a novel role for sRAGE in monocyte- and neutrophil-mediated inflammation and mononuclear phagocyte survival and differentiation.
PMCID: PMC3671884 PMID: 20574008
2. Organ-derived coatings on electrospun nanofibers as ex vivo microenvironments
Biomaterials 2010;32(2):538-546.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial lung disease characterized by irreversible scarring. Collagen deposition, myofibroblast expansion, and the development of fibroblastic foci are the hallmark pathological events. The origin and mechanism of recruitment of myofibroblasts, the key cell contributing to these events, is unknown. We hypothesize that the fibrotic lung microenvironment causes differentiation of arriving bone marrow-derived cells into myofibroblasts. Therefore, a method of isolating the effects of fibrotic microenvironment components on various cell types was developed. Electrospun nanofibers were coated with lung extracts from fibrotic or nonfibrotic mice and used to determine effects on bone marrow cells from naïve mice. Varying moduli nanofibers were also employed to determine matrix stiffness effects on these cells. At structured time points, bone marrow cell morphology was recorded and changes in fibrotic gene expression determined by real-time PCR. Cells plated on extracts isolated from fibrotic murine lungs secreted larger amounts of extracellular matrix, adopted a fibroblastic morphology, and exhibited increased myofibroblast gene expression after 8 and 14 days; cells plated on extracts from nonfibrotic lungs did not. Similar results were observed when the nanofiber modulus was increased. This ex vivo system appears to recapitulate the three-dimensional fibrotic lung microenvironment.
PMCID: PMC3671867 PMID: 20875916
Fibrosis; ECM; Electrospinning; Polycaprolactone; Fibroblast; Three-dimensional cell culture
3. Chronic Restraint Stress Upregulates Erythropoiesis through Glucocorticoid Stimulation
PLoS ONE 2013;8(10):e77935.
In response to elevated glucocorticoid levels, erythroid progenitors rapidly expand to produce large numbers of young erythrocytes. Previous work demonstrates hematopoietic changes in rodents exposed to various physical and psychological stressors, however, the effects of chronic psychological stress on erythropoiesis has not be delineated. We employed laboratory, clinical and genomic analyses of a murine model of chronic restraint stress (RST) to examine the influence of psychological stress on erythropoiesis. Mice exposed to RST demonstrated markers of early erythroid expansion involving the glucocorticoid receptor. In addition, these RST-exposed mice had increased numbers of circulating reticulocytes and increased erythropoiesis in primary and secondary erythroid tissues. Mice also showed increases in erythroid progenitor populations and elevated expression of the erythroid transcription factor KLF1 in these cells. Together this work reports some of the first evidence of psychological stress affecting erythroid homeostasis through glucocorticoid stimulation.
PMCID: PMC3799740 PMID: 24205034
4. Stabilization of HIF-2α induces sVEGFR-1 production from tumor-associated macrophages and decreases tumor growth in a murine melanoma model1
Macrophage secretion of VEGF in response to hypoxia contributes to tumor growth and angiogenesis. In addition to VEGF, hypoxic macrophages stimulated with GM-CSF secrete high levels of a soluble form of the VEGF receptor (sVEGFR-1), which neutralizes VEGF and inhibits its biological activity. Using mice with a monocyte/macrophage-selective deletion of HIF-1α or HIF-2α, we recently demonstrated that the anti-tumor response to GM-CSF was dependent on HIF-2α-driven sVEGFR-1 production by tumor-associated macrophages, while HIF-1α specifically regulated VEGF production. We therefore hypothesized that chemical stabilization of HIF-2α using an inhibitor of prolyl hydroxylase 3 (PHD3; an upstream inhibitor of HIF-2α activation) would increase sVEGFR-1 production from GM-CSF-stimulated macrophages. Treatment of macrophages with the PHD3 inhibitor AKB-6899 stabilized HIF-2α and increased sVEGFR-1 production from GM-CSF-treated macrophages, with no effect on HIF-1α accumulation or VEGF production. Treatment of B16F10 melanoma-bearing mice with GM-CSF and AKB-6899 significantly reduced tumor growth compared to either drug alone. Increased levels of sVEGFR-1 mRNA, but not VEGF mRNA, were detected within the tumors of GM-CSF- and AKB-6899-treated mice, correlating with decreased tumor vascularity. Finally, the anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic effects of AKB-6899 were abrogated when mice were simultaneously treated with a sVEGFR-1 neutralizing antibody. These results demonstrate that AKB-6899 decreases tumor growth and angiogenesis in response to GM-CSF by increasing sVEGFR-1 production from tumor-associated macrophages. Specific activation of HIF-2α can therefore decrease tumor growth and angiogenesis.
PMCID: PMC3436995 PMID: 22869907
5. In Vivo Monitoring of pH, Redox Status, and Glutathione Using L-Band EPR for Assessment of Therapeutic Effectiveness in Solid Tumors
Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 2011;67(6):1827-1836.
Approach for in vivo real-time assessment of tumor tissue extracellular pH (pHe), redox, and intracellular glutathione based on L-band EPR spectroscopy using dual function pH and redox nitroxide probe and disulfide nitroxide biradical, is described. These parameters were monitored in PyMT mice bearing breast cancer tumors during treatment with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. It was observed that tumor pHe is about 0.4 pH units lower than that in normal mammary gland tissue. Treatment with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor decreased the value of pHe by 0.3 units compared with PBS control treatment. Tumor tissue reducing capacity and intracellular glutathione were elevated compared with normal mammary gland tissue. Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor treatment resulted in a decrease of the tumor tissue reducing capacity and intracellular glutathione content. In addition to spectroscopic studies, pHe mapping was performed using recently proposed variable frequency proton–electron double-resonance imaging. The pH mapping superimposed with MRI image supports probe localization in mammary gland/tumor tissue, shows high heterogeneity of tumor tissue pHe and a difference of about 0.4 pH units between average pHe values in tumor and normal mammary gland. In summary, the developed multifunctional approach allows for in vivo, noninvasive pHe, extracellular redox, and intracellular glutathione content monitoring during investigation of various therapeutic strategies for solid tumors. Magn Reson Med 000:000–000, 2011.
PMCID: PMC3305854 PMID: 22113626
solid tumors; bitroxides; glutathione; redox status; pH; L-Band EPR; PyMT mice; mammary gland; in vivo
6. The Role of the NADPH Oxidase Complex, p38 MAPK, and Akt in Regulating Human Monocyte/Macrophage Survival
M-CSF induces PI 3-kinase activation, resulting in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Previously, we reported that ROS mediate macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)–induced extracellular regulated kinase (Erk) activation and monocyte survival. In this work, we hypothesized that M-CSF–stimulated ROS products modulated Akt1 and p38 activation. Furthermore, we sought to clarify the source of these ROS and the role of ROS and Akt in monocyte/macrophage survival. Macrophages from p47phox−/− mice, lacking a key component of the NADPH oxidase complex required for ROS generation, had reduced cell survival and Akt1 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation compared with wild-type macrophages in response to M-CSF stimulation, but had no difference in M-CSF–stimulated Erk. To understand how ROS affected monocyte survival and signaling, we observed that NAC and DPI decreased cell survival and Akt1 and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Using bone marrow–derived macrophages from mice expressing constitutively activated Akt1 (Myr-Akt1) or transfecting Myr-Akt1 constructs into human peripheral monocytes, we concluded that Akt is a positive regulator of monocyte survival. Moreover, the p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, inhibited p38 activity and M-CSF–induced monocyte survival. These findings demonstrate that ROS generated from the NADPH oxidase complex contribute to monocyte/macrophage survival induced by M-CSF via regulation of Akt and p38 MAPK.
PMCID: PMC1899309 PMID: 16931806
Akt; macrophage/monocyte; p47phox; p38 MAP; ROS
7. Program in pharmacogenomics at the Ohio State University Medical Center
Pharmacogenomics 2012;13(7):751-756.
Established in 2002, the Ohio State University Medical Center Program in Pharmacogenomics, lead by Wolfgang Sadee, is comprised of nearly 50 members dedicated to the discovery, investigation and translation of genetic biomarkers with the primary goal of advancing personalized healthcare. This article describes the research teams, bioinformatics infrastructure, supporting laboratories and Centers for Personalized Healthcare and for Clinical and Translational Science, current molecular genetic studies, translational and clinical pharmacogenomic studies, examples of biomarkers under development, and the future directions of the program.
PMCID: PMC3650730 PMID: 22594506
8. Pulmonary Fibrosis Inducer, Bleomycin, Causes Redox-Sensitive Activation of Phospholipase D and Cytotoxicity Through Formation of Bioactive Lipid Signal Mediator, Phosphatidic Acid, in Lung Microvascular Endothelial Cells
The mechanisms of lung microvascular complications and pulmonary hypertension known to be associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a debilitating lung disease, are not known. Therefore, we investigated whether bleomycin, the widely used experimental IPF inducer, would be capable of activating phospholipase D (PLD) and generating the bioactive lipid signal-mediator phosphatidic acid (PA) in our established bovine lung microvascular endothelial cell (BLMVEC) model. Our results revealed that bleomycin induced the activation of PLD and generation of PA in a dose-dependent (5, 10, and 100 μg) and time-dependent (2-12 hours) fashion that were significantly attenuated by the PLD-specific inhibitor, 5-fluoro-2-indolyl des-chlorohalopemide (FIPI). PLD activation and PA generation induced by bleomycin (5 μg) were significantly attenuated by the thiol protectant (N-acetyl-L-cysteine), antioxidants, and iron chelators suggesting the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and iron therein. Furthermore, our study demonstrated the formation of ROS and loss of glutathione (GSH) in cells following bleomycin treatment, confirming oxidative stress as a key player in the bleomycin-induced PLD activation and PA generation in ECs. More noticeably, PLD activation and PA generation were observed to happen upstream of bleomycin-induced cytotoxicity in BLMVECs, which was protected by FIPI. This was also supported by our current findings that exposure of cells to exogenous PA led to internalization of PA and cytotoxicity in BLMVECs. For the first time, this study revealed novel mechanism of the bleomycin-induced redox-sensitive activation of PLD that led to the generation of PA, which was capable of inducing lung EC cytotoxicity, thus suggesting possible bioactive lipid-signaling mechanism/mechanisms of microvascular disorders encountered in IPF.
PMCID: PMC3503147 PMID: 21131602
bioactive lipid signaling; interstitial pulmonary fibrosis; lung microvascular endothelial cell; oxidative stress; phosphatidic acid; phospholipase D; thiol redox
9. Transcription Factor ets-2 Plays an Important Role in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Fibrosis
Ets-2 is a ubiquitous transcription factor activated after phosphorylation at threonine-72. Previous studies highlighted the importance of phosphorylated ets-2 in lung inflammation and extracellular matrix remodeling, two pathways involved in pulmonary fibrosis. We hypothesized that phosphorylated ets-2 played an important role in pulmonary fibrosis, and we sought to determine the role of ets-2 in its pathogenesis. We challenged ets-2 (A72/A72) transgenic mice (harboring a mutated form of ets-2 at phosphorylation site threonine-72) and ets-2 (wild-type/wild-type [WT/WT]) control mice with sequential intraperitoneal injections of bleomycin, followed by quantitative measurements of lung fibrosis and inflammation and primary cell in vitro assays. Concentrations of phosphorylated ets-2 were detected via the single and dual immunohistochemical staining of murine lungs and lung sections from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Ets-2 (A72/A72) mice were protected from bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, compared with ets-2 (WT/WT) mice. This protection was characterized by decreased lung pathological abnormalities and the fibrotic gene expression of Type I collagen, Type III collagen, α–smooth muscle actin, and connective tissue growth factor. Immunohistochemical staining of lung sections from bleomycin-treated ets-2 (WT/WT) mice and from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis demonstrated increased staining of phosphorylated ets-2 that colocalized with Type I collagen expression and to fibroblastic foci. Lastly, primary lung fibroblasts from ets-2 (A72/A72) mice exhibited decreased expression of Type I collagen in response to stimulation with TGF-β, compared with fibroblasts from ets-2 (WT/WT) mice. These data indicate the importance of phosphorylated ets-2 in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis through the expression of Type I collagen and (myo)fibroblast activation.
PMCID: PMC3262682 PMID: 21562315
ets-2; Type I collagen; pulmonary fibrosis; bleomycin; fibroblast
10. The distribution of immunomodulatory cells in the lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Modern Pathology 2011;25(3):416-433.
We have characterized the immune system involvement in the disease processes of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in novel ways. To do so, we analyzed lung tissue from 21 cases of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and 21 (non-fibrotic, non-cancerous) controls for immune cell and inflammation-related markers. The immunohistochemical analysis of the tissue was grouped by patterns of severity in disease pathology. There were significantly greater numbers of CD68+ and CD80+ cells, and significantly fewer CD3+, CD4+, and CD45RO+ cells in areas of relatively (histologically) normal lung in biopsies from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients compared to controls. In zones of active disease, characterized by epithelial cell regeneration and fibrosis, there were significantly more cells expressing CD4, CD8, CD20, CD68, CD80, CCR6, S100, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor-α, and retinoic acid-related orphan receptors compared to histologically normal lung areas from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients. Inflammation was implicated in these active regions by the cells that expressed retinoid orphan receptor-α, -β, and -γ, CCR6, and IL-17. The regenerating epithelial cells predominantly expressed these pro-inflammatory molecules, as evidenced by co-expression analyses with epithelial cytokeratins. Macrophages in pseudo-alveoli and CD3+ T cells in the fibrotic interstitium also expressed IL-17. Co-expression of IL-17 with retinoid orphan receptors, and epithelial cytoskeletal proteins, CD68, and CD3 in epithelial cells, macrophages, and T-cells, respectively, confirmed the production of IL-17 by these cell types. There was little staining for Foxp3, CD56, or CD34 in any idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis lung regions. The fibrotic regions had fewer immune cells overall. In summary, our study shows participation of innate and adaptive mononuclear cells in active-disease regions of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis lung, where the regenerating epithelial cells appear to propagate inflammation. The regenerative mechanisms become skewed to ultimately result in lethal, fibrotic restriction of lung function.
PMCID: PMC3270219 PMID: 22037258
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; co-expression analysis; immunohistochemistry; inflammation; IL-17; retinoic acid-related orphan receptors; usual interstitial pneumonia
11. HIF-2α regulates GM-CSF-derived sVEGFR-1 production from macrophages and inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis1
Macrophage secretion of VEGF in response to the hypoxic tumor microenvironment contributes to tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. We have recently demonstrated that macrophages stimulated with GM-CSF at low O2 secrete high levels of a soluble form of the VEGF receptor (sVEGFR-1), which neutralizes VEGF and inhibits its biological activity. Using siRNA targeting to deplete HIF-1α or HIF-2α in murine macrophages, we found that macrophage production of sVEGFR-1 in response to low O2 was dependent on HIF-2α, while HIF-1α specifically regulated VEGF production. In our current report, we evaluated the growth of B16F10 malignant melanoma in mice with a monocyte/macrophage-selective deletion of HIF-1α or HIF-2α (HIF-1αflox/flox-or HIF-2αflox/+/LysMcre mice). GM-CSF treatment increased intra-tumoral VEGF and sVEGFR-1 in control mice, an effect that was associated with a decrease in microvessel density. GM-CSF treatment of HIF-1αflox/flox/LysMcre mice induced sVEGFR-1 but not VEGF, resulting in an overall greater reduction in tumor growth and angiogenesis compared to control mice. In addition, real-time PCR for melanoma-specific genes revealed a significantly reduced presence of lung micrometastases in HIF-1αflox/flox/LysMcre mice treated with GM-CSF. Conversely, GM-CSF treatment induced VEGF but not sVEGFR-1 in HIF-2αflox/+/LysMcre mice, and correspondingly, GM-CSF did not decrease tumor growth, angiogenesis, or lung metastasis in these mice. This study reveals opposing roles for the HIFs in the regulation of angiogenesis by tumor-associated macrophages, and suggests that administration of GM-CSF might be an effective means of inducing sVEGFR-1 and inhibiting tumor growth and angiogenesis in patients with melanoma.
PMCID: PMC3150377 PMID: 21765015
12. Towards a “4I” approach to personalized healthcare
Personalized healthcare holds the promise of ensuring that every patient receives optimal wellness promotion and clinical care based upon his or her unique and multi-factorial phenotype, informed by the most up-to-date and contextually relevant science. However, achieving this vision requires the management, analysis, and delivery of complex data, information, and knowledge. While there are well-established frameworks that serve to inform the pursuit of basic science, clinical, and translational research in support of the operationalization of the personalized healthcare paradigm, equivalent constructs that may enable biomedical informatics innovation and practice aligned with such objectives are noticeably sparse. In response to this gap in knowledge, we propose such a framework for the advancement of biomedical informatics in order to address the fundamental information needs of the personalized healthcare domain. This framework, which we refer to as a “4I” approach, emphasizes the pursuit of research and practice that is information-centric, integrative, interactive, and innovative.
PMCID: PMC3560982 PMID: 23369359
Individualized Medicine; Informatics; Organization & Administration
13. Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cardiac Regeneration: Translation to Bedside Reality
Stem Cells International 2012;2012:646038.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an estimate of 17.3 million people died from CVDs in 2008 and by 2030, the number of deaths is estimated to reach almost 23.6 million. Despite the development of a variety of treatment options, heart failure management has failed to inhibit myocardial scar formation and replace the lost cardiomyocyte mass with new functional contractile cells. This shortage is complicated by the limited ability of the heart for self-regeneration. Accordingly, novel management approaches have been introduced into the field of cardiovascular research, leading to the evolution of gene- and cell-based therapies. Stem cell-based therapy (aka, cardiomyoplasty) is a rapidly growing alternative for regenerating the damaged myocardium and attenuating ischemic heart disease. However, the optimal cell type to achieve this goal has not been established yet, even after a decade of cardiovascular stem cell research. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in particular have been extensively investigated as a potential therapeutic approach for cardiac regeneration, due to their distinctive characteristics. In this paper, we focus on the therapeutic applications of MSCs and their transition from the experimental benchside to the clinical bedside.
PMCID: PMC3382381 PMID: 22754578
14. Thrombospondin-1–Deficient Mice Are Not Protected from Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis
Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is an extracellular protein critical to normal lung homeostasis, and is reported to activate latent transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Because active TGF-β is causally involved in lung fibrosis after bleomycin challenge, alterations in TSP-1 may be relevant to pulmonary fibrosis. We sought to determine the effects of TSP-1 deficiency on the susceptibility to bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in a murine model. Age-matched and sex-matched C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and TSP-1–deficient mice were treated twice weekly for 4 weeks with intraperitoneal bleomycin (0.035 U/g) or PBS, and were allowed to rest 1 week before being killed. Their lungs were inflated with PBS, fixed in formalin, paraffin-embedded, and sectioned. A certified veterinary pathologist blindly scored each slide for inflammation and fibrosis. Lungs were homogenized to obtain RNA and protein for the real-time RT-PCR analysis of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and collagen I, and for Western blotting to detect phospho-Smad2, or total Smad2/3, respectively. In response to bleomycin treatment, measures of fibrosis and inflammation, along with CTGF and collagen I mRNA concentrations, were increased in TSP-1–deficient mice compared with WT mice. Notably, Smad 2/3 signaling was of equal strength in WT and TSP-1 knockout mice treated with bleomycin, suggesting that TSP-1 is not required for the activation of TGF-β. These results demonstrate that TSP-1 deficiency does not protect mice from systemic bleomycin challenge, and that TSP-1 deficiency is associated with increased expression of lung collagen and CTGF.
PMCID: PMC3095927 PMID: 20581099
TSP-1; pulmonary fibrosis; TGF-β; bleomycin
15. Identifying Common Genes and Networks in Multi-Organ Fibrosis
Fibroproliferative diseases of organs are poorly understood and generally lack effective anti-fibrotic treatments. Our goal was to identify the key regulatory factors in pathologic fibrosis, common between organ-based fibrotic disease. We analyzed 9 microarray datasets publicly available in the GEO datasets from lung, heart, liver and kidney fibrotic disease tissue (489 microarrays total, disease and control). We identified a set of 90 genes differentially expressed in at least five microarray datasets. We used IPA and DAVID analysis to identify gene networks and their molecular functions. A mutual information based network work activity analysis showed that a connective tissue disorders network was the most active for all types of fibrosis included in this analysis. Conclusion: Our analysis indicates that despite different disease manifestation, organ fibrosis share a specific set of genes suggesting the potential for a common origin.
PMCID: PMC3392050 PMID: 22779061
16. Glucose variability and mortality in patients with sepsis*
Critical care medicine 2008;36(8):2316-2321.
Treatment and prevention of hyperglycemia has been advocated for subjects with sepsis. Glucose variability, rather than the glucose level, has also been shown to be an important factor associated with in-hospital mortality, in general, critically ill patients. Our objective was to determine the association between glucose variability and hospital mortality in septic patients and the expression of glucose variability that best reflects this risk.
Retrospective, single-center cohort study.
Academic, tertiary care hospital.
Adult subjects hospitalized for >1 day, with a diagnosis of sepsis were included.
Glucose variability was calculated for all subjects as the average and standard deviation of glucose, the mean amplitude of glycemic excursions, and the glycemic lability index. Hospital mortality was the primary outcome variable. Logistic regression was used to determine the odds of hospital death in relation to measures of glucose variability after adjustment for important covariates.
Main results
Of the methods used to measure glucose variability, the glycemic lability index had the best discrimination for mortality (area under the curve = 0.67, p < 0.001). After adjustment for confounders, including the number of organ failures and the occurrence of hypoglycemia, there was a significant interaction between glycemic lability index and average glucose level, and the odds of hospital mortality. Higher glycemic lability index was not independently associated with mortality among subjects with average glucose levels above the median for the cohort. However, subjects with increased glycemic lability index, but lower average glucose values had almost five-fold increased odds of hospital mortality (odds ratio = 4.73, 95% confidence interval = 2.6 – 8.7) compared with those with lower glycemic lability index.
Glucose variability is independently associated with hospital mortality in septic patients. Strategies to reduce glucose variability should be studied to determine whether they improve the outcomes of septic patients.
PMCID: PMC3176449 PMID: 18596625
sepsis; hyperglycemia; insulin therapy; mortality
17. An In Silico Modeling Approach to Understanding the Dynamics of Sarcoidosis
PLoS ONE 2011;6(5):e19544.
Sarcoidosis is a polygenic disease with diverse phenotypic presentations characterized by an abnormal antigen-mediated Th1 type immune response. At present, progress towards understanding sarcoidosis disease mechanisms and the development of novel treatments is limited by constraints attendant to conducting human research in a rare disease in the absence of relevant animal models. We sought to develop a computational model to enhance our understanding of the pathological mechanisms of and predict potential treatments of sarcoidosis.
Based upon the literature, we developed a computational model of known interactions between essential immune cells (antigen-presenting macrophages, effector and regulatory T cells) and cytokine mediators (IL-2, TNFα, IFNγ) of granulomatous inflammation during sarcoidosis. The dynamics of these interactions are described by a set of ordinary differential equations. The model predicts bistable switching behavior which is consistent with normal (self-limited) and “sarcoidosis-like” (sustained) activation of the inflammatory components of the system following a single antigen challenge. By perturbing the influence of model components using inhibitors of the cytokine mediators, distinct clinically relevant disease phenotypes were represented. Finally, the model was shown to be useful for pre-clinical testing of therapies based upon molecular targets and dose-effect relationships.
Our work illustrates a dynamic computer simulation of granulomatous inflammation scenarios that is useful for the investigation of disease mechanisms and for pre-clinical therapeutic testing. In lieu of relevant in vitro or animal surrogates, our model may provide for the screening of potential therapies for specific sarcoidosis disease phenotypes in advance of expensive clinical trials.
PMCID: PMC3103504 PMID: 21637752
18. Thrombospondin-1 Contributes to Mortality in Murine Sepsis through Effects on Innate Immunity
PLoS ONE 2011;6(5):e19654.
Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is involved in many biological processes, including immune and tissue injury response, but its role in sepsis is unknown. Cell surface expression of TSP-1 on platelets is increased in sepsis and could activate the anti-inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ1) affecting outcome. Because of these observations we sought to determine the importance of TSP-1 in sepsis.
Methodology/Principal Findings
We performed studies on TSP-1 null and wild type (WT) C57BL/6J mice to determine the importance of TSP-1 in sepsis. We utilized the cecal ligation puncture (CLP) and intraperitoneal E.coli injection (IP E.coli) models of peritoneal sepsis. Additionally, bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) were used to determine phagocytic activity. TSP-1−/− animals experienced lower mortality than WT mice after CLP. Tissue and peritoneal lavage TGFβ1 levels were unchanged between animals of each genotype. In addition, there is no difference between the levels of major innate cytokines between the two groups of animals. PLF from WT mice contained a greater bacterial load than TSP-1−/− mice after CLP. The survival advantage for TSP-1−/− animals persisted when IP E.coli injections were performed. TSP-1−/− BMMs had increased phagocytic capacity compared to WT.
TSP-1 deficiency was protective in two murine models of peritoneal sepsis, independent of TGFβ1 activation. Our studies suggest TSP-1 expression is associated with decreased phagocytosis and possibly bacterial clearance, leading to increased peritoneal inflammation and mortality in WT mice. These data support the contention that TSP-1 should be more fully explored in the human condition.
PMCID: PMC3090410 PMID: 21573017
19. Reciprocal regulation of activating and inhibitory Fcγ receptors by TLR7/8 activation: Implications for tumor immunotherapy
Activation of Toll-like Receptors (TLR) 7 and 8 by engineered agonists has been shown to aid in combating viruses and tumors. Here, we wished to test the effect of TLR7/8 activation on monocyte Fcγ receptor (FcγR) function, as they are critical mediators of antibody therapy.
Experimental Design
The effect of the TLR7/8 agonist R-848 on cytokine production and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) by human peripheral blood monocytes (PBM) was tested. Affymetrix microarrays were done to examine genomewide transcriptional responses of monocytes to R-848, and Western blots were done to measure protein levels of FcγR. Murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) from wild-type and knockout mice were examined to determine the downstream pathway involved with regulating FcγR expression. The efficacy of R-848 as an adjuvant for antibody therapy was tested using a CT26-HER2/neu solid tumor model.
Overnight incubation with R-848 increased FcγR-mediated cytokine production and ADCC in human PBM. Expression of FcγRI, FcγRIIa and the common γ-subunit was increased. Surprisingly, expression of the inhibitory FcγRIIb was almost completely abolished. In BMM, this required TLR7 and MyD88, as R-848 did not increase expression of the γ-subunit in TLR7−/− nor MyD88−/− cells. In a mouse solid tumor model, R-848 treatment superadditively enhanced the effects of antitumor antibody.
These results demonstrate an as-yet undiscovered regulatory and functional link between the TLR7/8 and FcγR pathways. This suggests that TLR7/8 agonists may be especially beneficial during antibody therapy.
PMCID: PMC2848878 PMID: 20332325
Toll-like receptor; Fc-gamma receptor; immunotherapy; antibody; tumor
20. Social disruption induces lung inflammation
Brain, behavior, and immunity 2009;24(3):394-402.
Social disruption (SDR) is a well-characterized mouse stressor that causes changes in immune cell reactivity in response to inflammatory stimuli. In this study, we found that SDR in the absence of an immune challenge induced pulmonary inflammation and increased pulmonary myeloperoxidase activity. The percentage of neutrophils within the lungs increased 2-fold after social disruption. Monocyte accumulation in the lungs was also significantly increased. In addition, SDR increased the percentage of neutrophils that expressed CD11b, indicating that more neutrophils were in an activated state. In the lungs, we observed an increased level of the inflammatory cytokine, IL-1β, as well as higher levels of KC/CXCL1, MIP2/CXCL2, and MCP-1/CCL2, which are chemokines responsible for neutrophil and monocyte recruitment. Furthermore, social disruption led to increased lung expression of the adhesion molecules P-selectin, E-selectin, and ICAM-1, which localize and recruit immune cells. These data support previous findings of an inflammatory environment induced by SDR. We demonstrate that this effect also occurs in the pulmonary milieu and in the absence of an inflammatory stimulus.
PMCID: PMC2826531 PMID: 19903521
Innate immunity; social stress; psychoneuroimmunology; lung; inflammation; Social disruption (SDR)
21. Asc-Dependent and Independent Mechanisms Contribute to Restriction of Legionella Pneumophila Infection in Murine Macrophages
The apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (Asc) is an adaptor molecule that mediates inflammatory and apoptotic signals. Legionella pneumophila is an intracellular bacterium and the causative agent of Legionnaire's pneumonia. L. pneumophila is able to cause pneumonia in immuno-compromised humans but not in most inbred mice. Murine macrophages that lack the ability to activate caspase-1, such as caspase-1−/− and Nlrc4−/− allow L. pneumophila infection. This permissiveness is attributed mainly to the lack of active caspase-1 and the absence of its down stream substrates such as caspase-7. However, the role of Asc in control of L. pneumophila infection in mice is unclear. Here we show that caspase-1 is moderately activated in Asc−/− macrophages and that this limited activation is required and sufficient to restrict L. pneumophila growth. Moreover, Asc-independent activation of caspase-1 requires bacterial flagellin and is mainly detected in cellular extracts but not in culture supernatants. We also demonstrate that the depletion of Asc from permissive macrophages enhances bacterial growth by promoting L. pneumophila-mediated activation of the NF-κB pathway and decreasing caspase-3 activation. Taken together, our data demonstrate that L. pneumophila infection in murine macrophages is controlled by several mechanisms: Asc-independent activation of caspase-1 and Asc-dependent regulation of NF-κB and caspase-3 activation.
PMCID: PMC3112328 PMID: 21713115
inflammasome; caspase-1; Legionella pneumophila; Asc
22. Personalized healthcare in clotting disorders
Personalized medicine 2010;7(1):65-73.
In terms of managing thrombotic disorders, genotype-based individualized patient care emerged as early as 1994 when the association of factor V Leiden (G1691A), and later, prothrombin (G20210A), with thrombotic phenotypes were discovered. Since then, genetic tests for specific thrombophilic SNPs have been routinely incorporated into daily practices in both thrombotic risk assessment and clinical decision-making with respect to prophylactic anti-thrombotic therapy. Recently, the area of pharmacogenomics in major anti-thrombotic drugs, such as warfarin and clopidogrel, has been the principal driver for personalized therapy based on one’s own individual characteristics.
PMCID: PMC2824443 PMID: 20174595
anticoagulant; antiplatelet; clopidogrel; clotting; pharmacogenomics; SNP; warfarin
23. microRNA 133B targets prosurvival molecules MCL-1 and BCL2L2 in lung cancer
Lung cancer is the most frequent cause of cancer-related death in this country for men and women. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of small non-coding RNAs (approximately 21–25 nt long) capable of targeting genes for either degradation of mRNA or inhibition of translation. We identified aberrant expression of 41 miRNAs in lung tumor versus uninvolved tissue. MiR-133B had the lowest expression of miRNA in lung tumor tissue (28 fold reduction) compared to adjacent uninvolved tissue. We identified two members of the BCL-2 family of pro-survival molecules (MCL-1 and BCL2L2 (BCLw)) as predicted targets of miR-133B. Selective over-expression of miR-133B in adenocarcinoma (H2009) cell lines resulted in reduced expression of both MCL-1 and BCL2L2. We then confirmed that miR-133B directly targets the 3’UTRs of both MCL-1 and BCL2L2. Lastly, over-expression of miR-133B induced apoptosis following gemcitabine exposure in these tumor cells. To our knowledge, this represents the first observation of decreased expression of miR-133B in lung cancer and that it functionally targets members of the BCL-2 family.
PMCID: PMC2824514 PMID: 19654003
microRNA; apoptosis; lung cancer; chemotherapy; BCL2; MCL-1
24. Trityl-based EPR probe with enhanced sensitivity to oxygen
Free radical biology & medicine 2009;47(5):654-658.
An asymmetric derivative of triarylmethyl radical, TAM-H, containing one aldehyde and two carboxyl groups was synthesized. The electron paramagnetic resonance, EPR, spectrum of TAM-H is characterized by a doublet of narrow lines with linewidth of 105 mG in anoxic conditions and hyperfine interaction constant 245 mG. The partial overlap of the components of the doublet results in enhanced sensitivity of the spectral amplitudes ratio to oxygen compared with oxygen-induced linewidth broadening of a single line. Application of the TAM-H probe allows for EPR measurements in an extended range of oxygen pressures from atmospheric to 1 mmHg whereas the EPR spectrum linewidth of the popular TAM-based oxygen sensor, Oxo63, is practically insensitive to oxygen partial pressures below 20 mmHg. Enhanced sensitivity of TAM-H probe relative to Oxo63 was demonstrated in detection of oxygen consumption by Met-1 cancer cells. The TAM-H probe allowed prolonged measurements of oxygen depletion during the hypoxia stage and down to true anoxia (≤ 1.5 mmHg).
PMCID: PMC2739013 PMID: 19523513
trityl; TAM; oximetry; water soluble oxygen probes; EPR; electron paramagnetic resonance
25. MicroRNAs in the Pathogenesis of Lung Cancer
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related deaths in the United States. It is estimated that in 2008 there were 215,000 new diagnoses of lung cancer and 163, 000 deaths. Despite emerging technologies for potential early diagnosis and discovery of novel targeted therapies, the overall five year survival remains a disappointing 15%. Explanations for the poor survival include late presentation of disease, a lack of markers for early detection and both phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity within patients of similar histological classification. In order to further understand this heterogeneity and thus complexity of lung cancer, investigators have applied various technologies including high throughput analysis of both the genome and proteome. Such approaches have been successful in identifying signatures that may clarify molecular differences in tumors, identify new targets and improve prognostication. In the last decade, investigators have identified a new mode of gene regulation in the form of non-coding RNAs termed microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs). First determined to be of importance in larval development, microRNAs are ~19–22 nucleotide single stranded RNAs that regulate genes by either inducing mRNA degradation or inhibiting translation. MiRNAs have been implicated in several cellular processes including apoptosis, development, proliferation and differentiation. By regulating hundreds of genes simultaneously, miRNAs have the capacity for regulation of biological networks. Global alterations in miRNA expression in both solid organ and haematological malignancies suggest their importance in the pathogenesis of disease. To date, both in vivo and in vitro studies in lung cancer demonstrate a dysregulation of miRNA expression. Furthermore, investigators are beginning to identify individual targets and pathways of miRNAs relevant to lung tumorigenesis. Thus, miRNAs may identify critical targets and be important in the pathogenesis of lung cancer.
PMCID: PMC2723999 PMID: 19474765
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Journal of Creation Volume 16Issue 2 Cover
Journal of Creation 16(2):13–15
August 2002
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C4 photosynthesis—evolution or design?
Life depends on photosynthesis, where plants take carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and ‘fix’ it into high-energy sugars using light as the energy source. Two basic forms of photosynthesis have been discovered. In one, the first compound made from CO2 is a three-carbon compound, so this is called C3 photosynthesis. In the other, the first compound is a four-carbon compound, so it is called C4 photosynthesis.1 Most plants are C3; about 15% of species have the C4 system. Examples of C3 plants include wheat, rice, potatoes and cabbage. C4 plants include maize, sugar cane, sorghum and succulents—mainly tropical/arid environment species.
C4 and C3 plants differ in their leaf anatomy and where photosynthesis occurs. C3 plants have chloroplasts throughout the internal (‘mesophyll’) leaf cells, and there are air spaces around the cells to allow ready diffusion of CO2 into them. In C4 plants, the photosynthetic cells cluster around the vascular bundles (leaf veins) and there are no air spaces around the photosynthetic cells. The photosynthetic cells are called bundle sheath cells because they form a tight sheath around the vascular bundles.
Diagram 1
The Calvin-Benson Cycle of photosynthesis. Each turn of the cycle produces a molecule of phosphoglyceraldehyde ‘PGAL’, (containing 3 carbon atoms). This is transported from the chloroplast to make glucose and fructose, which in turn condense to form sucrose.
C3 and C4 plants share the same light-harvesting systems, as well as the same enzyme cycle for incorporating the carbon into sugars—the Calvin-Benson cycle. The first enzyme in this cycle, nicknamed ‘Rubisco’, makes up 25% of the protein in leaves, which makes it the most abundant protein on Earth. Rubisco takes CO2 and adds it to a 5-carbon sugar, making two 3-carbon sugar molecules.
C4 plants have extra enzymes operating in the leaf. These incorporate the CO2 (actually bicarbonate, HCO3) into a 4-carbon compound (usually malate), which the mesophyll cells transport into the bundle sheath cells via many tiny tubes called plasmodesmata. Here another enzyme releases the CO2 for Rubisco to fix into sugars in the same manner as in C3 plants. The bundle sheath cells have specialized thickened cell walls and they have no air spaces around them, so the CO2 cannot escape and it becomes concentrated to at least 10 times that of normal outside air. This accounts for one of the major differences between C3 and C4 plants: in the short term, C3 plants increase their rate of photosynthesis in response to increased atmospheric levels of CO2, but C4 plants don’t.
C3 and C4 plants also differ in that C3 plants exhibit ‘photorespiration’, where they lose some of the CO2 fixed into 3-carbon sugar, whereas C4 plants don’t. This happens because O2 competes for the active site on Rubisco to which CO2 binds. While Rubisco has a much greater affinity for CO2, the partial pressure of O2 in air is 700 times greater than that of CO2. Oxygen drives the release of CO2 with the production of the energy-depleted forms of energy-carrier molecules (ADP and NADP).
This seems to be a safety mechanism to avoid damage to the photosynthesis system at low CO2 levels. If there is inadequate CO2 to fix the energy harvested by the chlorophyll system, then oxygen radicals form and these damage the light harvesting system. Photorespiration maintains a supply of ADP and NADP to accept the energy generated by the light-harvesting system.
C4 plants concentrate their CO2, thus suppressing photorespiration. Also, since the supply of CO2 is maintained, even at low concentrations, there is always a sink for the energy from the light harvesting, so damage to the photosystems is avoided. So there is no need for photorespiration.
Why two methods of fixing CO2?
Why do C3 plants tend to be temperate in their adaptation and C4 plants tropical/arid? The rate of photorespiration rises rapidly with temperature, so it becomes a much more serious problem, in terms of its ‘inefficiency’ (loss of fixed carbon), in the tropics. On the other hand, the C4 system has energy costs: each CO2 fixed into malate needs one NADPH and one ATP for the complete cycle. So the relative advantages seem to be due to the trade-off between photorespiration in C3 plants and the extra costs of carbon fixation in C4 plants. With increasing temperatures, the cost of photorespiration becomes greater than the extra cost of the C4 system, which is met by the increased sunlight energy anyway, so the latter prevails.
C4 plants also do well in arid environments. In this situation the plant closes its stomata (leaf pores) to conserve water. This also reduces the amount of CO2 entering the leaf and raises the leaf temperature. The enzyme that fixes CO2 in C4 plants has a much greater affinity for CO2 than Rubisco, which does the job alone in C3 plants. So C4 plants are still able to supply plenty of CO2 to the Rubisco in the photosynthetic cells, whereas a C3 plant would have trouble.2
The origins of the C4 system
Some 8,000 to 10,000 species of plants in 18 families, including both monocots (which includes grasses) and dicots (roughly, ‘broad-leaved’ plants), have the C4 system. C4 metabolism has even been found in a single-celled marine diatom.3
Many flowering plant families have both C3 and C4 species. Some species are intermediate, showing both C3 and C4 characteristics. In the Atriplex genus, some species are C3, while others are C4, and C3 and C4 species have been hybridized.4 Wood and Cavanaugh have reviewed the genus Flaveria, which has species of C3, C4 and intermediate type, many of which hybridize.5
The distribution of C4 species does not form any pattern that could relate to any reasonable evolutionary phylogeny.
The distribution of C4 species does not form any pattern that could relate to any reasonable evolutionary phylogeny. Consequently, evolutionists have proposed that C4 photosynthesis has arisen independently at least 30 times—a classic case of ‘polyphyletic evolution’.
However, C4 chemistry involves several complex enzyme systems and the chemistry is remarkably consistent across the spectrum (there are three types of enzyme used to release the CO2 from the organic acid that transports the CO2, otherwise the chemistry is similar).
To believe that C4 chemistry arose once by natural processes would require super ‘faith’ for the evolutionist. But to propose that such a system with its new complex coded genetic information arose separately some 30 times by mutations and natural selection, and that these processes arrived at essentially the same solution, stretches credulity to breaking point. This would be an extreme example of ‘convergent evolution’—even more than the supposed polyphyletic origin of the eye in general and the compound eye in particular.6
Some species that exhibit both C3 and C4 forms are even able to switch from one to the other during development. This suggests that maybe the C4 chemistry is latent in C3 plants, or is suppressed by some means. In the marine diatom mentioned above, C4 metabolism seems to be facultative.3
Wood and Cavanaugh5 concluded from their baraminological study of Flaveria that the C4 photosynthetic pathway arose from plants that were originally C3, and this probably happened post-Flood. These authors propose that the genetic information for C4-mode photosynthesis was present in the original created kinds, but latent and has become activated since.
Surprise: C3 plants have the C4 system!
Diagram 2
Diagrammatic representation of the Hatch-Slack system of CO2 capture and fixation that operates in the roots and stems of C3 plants, which were thought to lack this capacity entirely. (Xylem and phloem are actually in vascular bundles together; not separated as in the diagram.)
Now Hibberd and Quick have shown that tobacco and celery, two classical C3 plants, contain virtually all the C4 characteristics, not in their leaves, but in their roots, stems and petioles.7 They showed that CO2 respired in the roots is fixed into malate by the same enzyme that fixes CO2 in the leaves of C4 plants. The malate moves in the xylem stream up the plant where it transfers into bundle sheath cells surrounding the vascular bundles in the stems and petioles. Here all three decarboxylation (CO2-releasing) enzymes identified in the three sub-types of the C4 system are present in elevated levels. They release the CO2 so that Rubisco can use it in the Calvin cycle. The chemistry is apparently identical to the C4 system. These plants differ from C4 plants only in the site of synthesis of the malate (roots in C3 plants versus leaf mesophyll cells in C4 plants) and its transfer to the bundle sheath cells. Even the anatomy of the bundle sheath cells in the stems and petioles is similar.
This makes for a very efficient system for retrieving respired carbon from the roots. Indeed, CO2 may even enter the roots from the soil, where the level of CO2 is usually quite high due to the activity of heterotrophic micro-organisms. This would reduce the CO2 concentration in the soil, which would be beneficial to the aerobic organisms living there. What wonderful design for an efficient ecology!
Hibberd and Quick point out that since so much of the C4 system is already present in the C3 plants, ‘fewer modifications are needed for C4 photosynthesis to evolve’. Indeed, are we talking about the origin of new complex, coded genetic information at all, or are we looking at adaptation based on existing genetic information—as proposed by the creationists Wood and Cavanaugh?
It now seems that the genes for C4 enzymes and anatomy are selectively expressed in the roots, stems and petioles of C3 plants, but are suppressed in the leaves. C4 plants differ in having these genes expressed in the leaves as well. If the suppression in the leaves of C3 plants were due to the synthesis of proteins that interact with promoter sequences, for example, it may even be possible to see mutations in the genes for these proteins that result in the expression of C3–C4 or C4 photosynthesis. Or there might be some designed means of switching on this adaptation genetically so that it is inherited once switched on—something like Wood’s Altruistic Genetic Elements (AGEs)?5
These developments underline just how cleverly the original plants were created—with built-in latent capacity for adaptation to a wide range of environments. It will be interesting to see the details fleshed out.
1. The basic details of C4 photosynthesis were elucidated by Australian scientists in the 1960s. See Hatch, M.D. and Slack, C.R., Photosynthesis by sugarcane leaves, Biochem. J. 101:103–111, 1966. Return to Text.
2. A variation on the C4 theme is seen in CAM (crassulacean acid metabolism) plants. Typically succulent desert plants, they open their stomata at night to fix CO2, storing the fixed form in vacuoles (reservoirs within cells), then release the CO2 for photosynthesis during the day when the stomata shut. In this manner they conserve water very efficiently. Return to Text.
3. Reinfelder, J.R., Kraepiel, A.M.L. and More, F.M.M., Unicellular C4 photosynthesis in a marine diatom, Nature 407:996–999, 2000. Return to Text.
4. Sengbusch, P. v., Influence of different parameters on the efficiency of the CO2-uptake—C3-and a C4-plant, <www.biologie.>, accessed 15 March 2002. Return to Text.
5. Wood, T.C. and Cavanaugh, D.P., A baraminological analysis of subtribe Flaverinae (Asteraceae: Helenieae) and the origin of biological complexity, Origins (GRI) 52:7–27, 2001. Return to Text.
6. Oakley, T.H. and Cunningham, C.W., Molecular phylogenetic evidence for the independent evolutionary origin of an arthropod compound eye, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 99(3):1426–1430, 2002. Their abstract says, ‘These results illustrate exactly why arthropod compound eye evolution has remained controversial, because one of two seemingly very unlikely evolutionary histories must be true. Either compound eyes with detailed similarities evolved multiple times in different arthropod groups or compound eyes have been lost in a seemingly inordinate number of arthropod lineages.’ Return to Text.
7. Hibberd, J.M. and Quick, W.P., Characteristics of C4 photosynthesis in stems and petioles of C3 flowering plants. Nature 415:451–453, 2002. Return to Text.
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Kmart's 'Ship My Pants' ad goes viral
NEW YORK — If Kmart has proven anything, it's the transcendental power of potty humor. But at any rate, the mass merchandise retailer has garnered significant attention with its "Ship My Pants" ad, which has received close to 7.4 million views on YouTube and coverage in news outlets nationwide.
The ad is for a service the chain offers whereby customers who can't find what they're looking for in the store can order it online and have it shipped to them.
It's part of parent company Sears Holdings' omnichannel investments, which chairman and CEO Edward Lampert touted in the company's fourth quarter 2012 earnings call in February. Also in February, Sears Holdings launched Mygofer Express, allowing customers to pick up items ordered through Mygofer at Sears' flagship store in Chicago.
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You are here: Home Moving to Country Facts Crime and the legal system in Belgium
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20/11/2012Crime and the legal system in Belgium
Crime and the legal system in Belgium Belgium is a relatively safe country with fairly low rates of crime, while Brussels is safer than large cities in neighbouring countries.
Belgium is a relatively safe country with lower crime rates than in neighbouring countries. The majority of crime occurs in the major cities. The capital Brussels has the highest incidence, while the countryside is relatively crime free.
The most common crimes that occur in Belgium are petty thefts and purse snatching and pick pocketing is not a rare thing, especially in the bigger cities. In Brussels, the North Station (Noordstation or Gare du Nord), Central Station (Centraal Station or Gare Central); and the South Station (Zuidstation or Gare du Midi) are particularly notable areas where pick pocketing and snatch crimes occur frequently.
As we are in the technology century expensive pieces of technology such as iPods, iPhones and iPads are treasured and desired by thieves. Car thefts have also risen in number, especially in big cities like Brussels.
Protect yourself against crime
There are many things you can to do to ensure you are not a victim of crime. The Belgian government are correct when they insist that "prevention is better than cure" and their advice can help stop thefts and break-ins. Installing an alarm system in your home and checking that all windows and doors are locked (including while driving), locking a car, bicycle or motorbike in a garage overnight or registering your valuable possessions to make them easier to trace are all measures recommended by the authorities.
When travelling on public transport be mindful that thieves often loiter in transportation hubs, such as the Metro and train stations, to prey on travellers in unfamiliar surroundings. As mentioned, in Brussels, petty thefts of purses, light luggage and laptops are common at the North Station (Noordstation / Gare du Nord); the Central Station (Centraal Station or Gare Central) and particularly the South Station (Zuidstation or Gare du Midi).
Thieves often work together and a common scam is for one thief to ask for directions while their accomplice steals your luggage. They also look out for people who store their luggage in overhead racks, so it is best to avoid these, keeping your luggage with you.
Crime statistics
Belgium is a comparatively safe country in which to live. According to the OECD Better Life Index for 2011, the homicide rate in Belgium was 1.7 per 100,000 people, somewhat lower than the OECD average of 2.1.
Notwithstanding the relatively low crime rate in international terms, the incidence of crime has increased in recent years. Between 2007 and 2011 there was a rise of 4 percent in the level of crime, particularly computer fraud and violent crime. The number of criminal cases involving violence or weapons increased by 32 percent, while computer fraud cases jumped dramatically, by 107 percent. Also rising significantly have been cases involving illegal dumping and financial crime.
According to OECD research the incidence of assault has been higher in Belgium than in other OECD countries. 6.7 percent of people reported falling victim to assault over the previous 12 months, compared to the OECD average of 4 percent. Notably this fell proportionately higher on the poorer sections of society.
In regional terms, Gand, which includes Bruges, had the highest incidence of assault in 2011, with 3,716 convictions, followed by Anvers (which includes Genk), with 1,961 and Mons (which includes Charleroi) with 1,926.
The Brussels region experienced a high level of alcohol-related crime. Assault cases involving alcohol were the highest in the country, even though the overall number of assaults was lower. Similarly, convictions for drunkenness were far higher in the Brussels region, and the capital and its surrounding region was also the guiltiest offender when it came to driving offences.
Despite the rise in crime people in Belgium still feel relatively safe. The fear of crime is about the same as the OECD average. 68 percent of people felt safe walking alone at night, compared to 67 percent across the whole of the OECD.
Know the rules
Whether you are going to live in Belgium or will just be visiting the country for a short period of time, make sure you abide by its laws from the moment you set foot in the country. Belgian laws can differ from those in your home country, so it is essential that you know what is legal and illegal.
Crime and the legal system in Belgium
For example, penalties for drugs offences are severe with long prison sentences and heavy fines for possession of narcotics. If you are arrested help may well be at hand with your embassy, as explained by the British Embassy:
In case of emergency or violence
The emergency number in Belgium is 101 for police (Police Fédérale / Federale politie) support. If there are any other emergencies you should call 112 - the pan-European emergency number. Calls to this number are free from both mobile and fixed-line telephones.
If your passport has been stolen report to the local police immediately and fill in a police report, explaining how and where it happened. You will then need to visit your embassy to organise a new passport or temporary identification.
If you are a victim of violence or assault, find medical care and report the incident to the police straight away. The local authorities will guide you through the criminal justice process and, if needed, help you to find a lawyer.
Belgium does provide compensation for victims via the ‘commission for financial assistance to victims of intentional acts of violence’ depending on the circumstances.
Photo credit: (head photo), controlarms (hot photo)
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PLEASE change your morning interval music on 1370am
WXXI Radio has been playing the same interval music - those short clips between program segments - for several years now. Some of it is truly awful, for example the dissonant, two-chord phrase that sounds like BANG bang BANG bang BANG bang... played every day, usually just before the 11am news. Sometimes it's played *twice* a day!
What is WXXI thinking? At a time when it should be trying to attract listeners, it drives them away... why should I listen to 1370 when I can have a more pleasant experience streaming another NPR source online?
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Become a Supporter!
Credits & Info
Apr 22, 2009 | 8:04 PM EDT
Related Stuff
If you liked this, check these out!
Author Comments
This is my second flash movie, a parody of Final Fantasy X, the scene where everyone is sitting outside of Zanarkand Ruins.
All voices by me! (I know they suck, it's sort of on purpose, haha) I'd get more voice actors but this wasn't a serious project.
Please note: This is not a refined animation! Hence the bad drawings, tweening and terrible voices.
No subtitles are available at this time! Sorry :(
Rated 4 / 5 stars April 22, 2009
I liked this. It's kinda cute, and good! ^.^
. . . but I am a harsh critic.
I liked your drawings. They weren't bad doodles or anything, and you had the color schemes spot on. You were able to mask the fact that they were actually drawings too. Nothing actually moved (other than being stretched or being put closer together and such). It's something I don't like, only because it makes it harder for me to spot certain movement issues, but your style was great.
The voices, of course, aren't great. You're one person though, so it can't be helped. I'd say you did a good Rikku impression though. It would be nice to see a little more differentiation between voices though. I really want to know who shouted, "WOOHOO!" too, because that made me smirk, but I couldn't really figure out who might say that.
As for story-writing, this is a good joke. In relation to the game, a lot of the characters' personalities were really shown. Of course, there's some things that wouldn't really happen (so this might be meaningless to you). Wakka wouldn't really curse, and I don't think he's foolish enough to say something like that (even though it was the joke that made me laugh the hardest). Realistically, Auron casting haste at that point in the game would still probably be Wakka's running speed. Auron was the tank of the group, and Wakka was your long distance fighter, with probably the third best speed path (Kimahri being a variable).
As for originality, these jokes are great, and they're certainly different and take on a lighter side of the game's epic drama. The material is funny, although it's not really comedy you need to think too much about. If you can, try to layer jokes on each other, and since this is the first episode, see if you can get a running gag going.
All in all, this was a pretty good flash animation made by one person. I hope to see more from you, because it's not bad ^.^
People find this review helpful!
Rated 4.5 / 5 stars April 22, 2009
Final Fantasy rocks!
Very nice flash. The animation was smooth and the drawing was very nice. The voices were o.k but you tried your best. You should maybe speak just a little louder Everything else was almost perfect and the jokes were decent. Keep up the good work.
People find this review helpful!
Rated 4 / 5 stars April 22, 2009
haha lol
i'm telling *haste*
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Breton language
Jump to: navigation, search
Breton (Brezhoneg) is a Celtic language spoken by some of the inhabitants of Brittany in France.
Breton (Brezhoneg)
Spoken in: France
Region: Brittany
Total speakers: 500 Thousand
Ranking: Not in top 100
Official status
Official language of: -
Regulated by: -
Language codes
ISO 639-1br
ISO 639-2bre
Breton is not thought to be a modern-day descendant of any continental Celtic language such as Gaulish, though evidently it has borrowed some features from it, but it is rather descended from insular Brythonic. The other regional language (Gallo) derives from Latin.
Breton, along with Cornish and Welsh, is a member of the Brythonic languages, a subgroup of the Insular subgroup of the Celtic branch of the Indo-European language family.
Geographic distribution
Breton is spoken mainly in Western Brittany, but also dispersed in Eastern Brittany, and in areas around the world where there are Breton emigrants.
Official status
Breton is not an official language of France, although there is a strong nationalistic movement and others demanding recognition, a place in the schools, media, and public life.
An attempt by the French government to incorporate the independent Breton-language immersion schools (called Diwan) into the state education system was blocked by the French Constitutional Council on the grounds that, as the Constitution of the 5th Republic states that French is the language of the Republic, no other language may be used as a language of instruction in state schools.
However, the regional and departmental authorities, in as far as they feel able, use Breton to a limited extent in signage (especially for tourism reasons). Some bilingual signage may be seen - for example one station of the Rennes metro system has signage in French and Breton.
The dialects of Breton identified by the Ethnologue are Leonais, Tregorrois, Vannetais, and Cornouaillais.
The English words dolmen and menhir have been borrowed from Breton (menhir has come via French, in Breton peulvan is used) .
Writing system
Breton is written using the Latin alphabet.
degemer mad welcome
Breizh Brittany
brezhoneg Breton
ti house
ti-k�r town hall
kreisker town centre
da bep tu all directions
skol school
skol-veur university
bagad pipe band
fest-noz ceilidh, traditional concert/dance
kenavo goodbye
See also
External links
cy:Llydaweg de:Bretonische Sprache als:Bretonisch [[es:Bret�n]] eo:Bretona lingvo fr:Breton it:Lingua bretone kw:Yeth Vretonek nl:Bretons ja:ブルトン語 pl:Język bretoński zh:布列塔尼语
Personal tools
Google AdSense
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You are here: Home Blog 2012 May 22 Grasshoppers: Defend Your Garden!
Grasshoppers: Defend Your Garden!
by jpovolny — last modified May 22, 2012 08:55 PM
The Pest
Grasshoppers pose a significant threat to your garden, since they live for 35 to 90 days as nymphs and for 60 to 90 days as adults, lay many pods in the soil containing anywhere from 8 to 30 eggs, and feed on a wide variety of plants. The insects favor grasses, lettuce, carrots, beans, sweet corn, and onions, but avoid tomato leaves, squash, and peas.
The Solutions:
Some say that if you want something done right you have to do it yourself, but when it comes to getting rid of these pesky hoppers, passing the buck just might be the best solution. Many species of birds are natural predators to the grasshopper, so attracting more birds to your garden by setting bird feeders can help put a stop to a grasshopper infestation, as can keeping chickens, guinea hens, or even turkeys! (However, if you keep poultry, make sure to cover garden areas to prevent destructive scratching by chickens.)
Neem Oil:
If keeping poultry is not an option, the wild bird population does not seem to be doing enough, or even if you'd just like to give nature an extra hand, try neem oil as a natural alternative to toxic chemicals! A neem oil solution which can stunt or fully halt grasshopper's growth and sterilize certain species can be made following this recipe:
1. Two quarts of warm water should be mixed with 1/2 a teaspoon of castile or another mild liquid soap.
2. While stirring, slowly add 3 teaspoons neem oil to the mixture
3. Pour into a spray bottle and use to spray your plants and the garden's soil.
Traps can serve as a quick way to bring down the number of grasshoppers already living in your garden. To make easy but effective grasshopper traps, follow these steps:
1. Fill a few glass jars halfway full of a 10 parts to 1 part mixture of water and molasses.
2. Dig holes in your garden and insert glass jars. Grasshoppers, attracted to the molasses, will jump into the trap and be unable to jump back out.
These simple solutions can help keep your garden grasshopper and pesticide free!
|
http://www.pesticide.org/the-buzz/2012/05/22/grasshoppers-defend-your-garden
|
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| 226
|
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Comments by ldrjake (1 total) RSS
My last 4% raise was in 1998. Also, we did not negotiate higher returns on pension payments. Gov. Whitman told us that the stock market would generate high rate of return on invested money, offsetting the matching contribution. This is called the pension holiday, which every government entity in Nj has enjoyed for 13 years. The money saved by the towns is to offset property taxes. So where did that money go? As for health insurance, it has been shown by my union that it can be affordable to everyone, yet the politicians who also get those very same benefits, in addition to the contributions from the insurance lobby keep it as is. My union has endorsed and donated to politicians. I never agreed with that , I am one person. I dont vote as told for someone because I was told to, I vote for who I perceive to be the best choice. I am also a taxpayer, and a consumer, and I know several people in the private sector who make as much or more than I do in salary. Just my opinion, with a few facts. My opinion, common denominator in all of this, politicians.
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http://connect.nj.com/user/ldrjake/index.html
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| 762
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Obama parried, without naming names, that wisdom and Washington experience were not necessarily the same. And he swiped back at her husband, who recently suggested that a vote for Obama -- elected to the Senate in 2004 -- amounted to a roll of the dice.
"The real gamble in this election is having the same old folks do the same old things and somehow expect a different result," Obama told a crowd packed into the Catfish Bend Casino in Burlington. "That's the definition of insanity: You keep on doing the same things over and over again and expect different results."
Edwards weighed in with a pledge that anyone who had lobbied for a corporation or foreign government would be forbidden from serving in an Edwards administration. He also scoffed at Obama's contention that he could bring corporations to heel through the power of persuasion.
"People say to me they want me to sit at a table and negotiate with these people?" Edwards said to an enthusiastic crowd of about 1,000 in a Des Moines high school cafeteria. "Never. It will never happen. We're going to stand up to these people."
Things were even nastier on the Republican side, where Romney has taken to the airwaves attacking Huckabee.
Huckabee returned fire during a lunchtime appearance and news conference in Indianola. "It's one thing to attack us on our records," he said. "It's another thing to make it up."
Asked by a reporter whether he would vote for Romney if he won the Republican nomination, Huckabee said he could not support a Democrat over a Republican but pointedly declined to answer directly.
For his part, Romney largely ignored his GOP rivals on the stump, offering his promise of change. Speaking to about 75 people at a community center in Ottumwa, Romney said: "If there's ever been a time we need a change in Washington, it's now."
He mentioned his work as a business consultant and leader of the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, and his term as governor, saying he rescued Massachusetts from fiscal troubles by holding the line on spending. "I think I could do the same thing to Washington: Bring change," he said.
The message, however, is a tricky one for Republicans, said Emory University political scientist Alan Abramowitz.
"Democrats can talk about the kind of change that Democratic voters want," Abramowitz said. "But Republicans have a dilemma: How do you appeal to those core conservatives who are generally not as dissatisfied with things while, at the same time, appealing to the broader desire for change?"
Another twist is the way the two parties seem to have traded roles this election.
The Democrats have waged a fairly straightforward campaign, with a large field of challengers, led by Obama and Edwards, vying to topple the early front-runner, Clinton.
Republicans, by contrast, have shed their hierarchical tradition and watched as a series of candidates have struggled to break free of the pack, with different contenders holding the lead at different times in Iowa, New Hampshire and nationally.
"Democrats are a lot better at chaos than we are," said Republican Dan Schnur, who served as communications director for McCain's 2000 campaign. "We just don't have experience with this. As a result, you see a lot of voters and a lot of activists rushing from one candidate to the other trying to create a more familiar situation with one front-runner and several challengers."
In part, that reflects a broader struggle within the GOP to overcome Bush's low approval ratings, the loss of Congress last year and a split between economic and social conservatives.
The absence of a unity candidate has dampened Republican enthusiasm, as reflected in the crowds Saturday in Iowa. Whereas Clinton, Obama and Edwards appeared before hundreds of people at each stop, the GOP candidates -- including former New York City Rudolph W. Giuliani -- often drew audiences of 100 or fewer.
Terri O'Hara, a middle-school teacher, 57, was one of those who came out Saturday to see Romney in Ottumwa. She likes him, she said, because he seems capable and competent. But, she said, wincing, "I'm not sure if he's really down-to-earth."
She saw Huckabee on Friday and likes the personal connection she felt. But, O'Hara went on, "to be president of the United States is a major league ballgame, and I'm not sure if Huckabee is a major league player."
How will she decide by Thursday? "I've just got to do a little more thinking," she said. "And talking to people."
Times staff writers Maria L. La Ganga, Scott Martelle, Joe Mathews, Seema Mehta, Dan Morain, Peter Wallsten and Aaron Zitner and researcher Nona Yates contributed to this report.
|
http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/la-na-campaign30dec30,0,4662485.story?page=2
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She is not alone. Depending on how you measure it, Sheriff Dart’s jail is either the largest, or second-largest, mental-health institution in America. On any given day in Cook County jail one building is home to between 2,000 and 2,500 people with diagnosed mental illnesses. Each night’s stay costs at least $190. Costs escalate when medical care is included. The Lamp Community, a non-profit working for the mentally ill in Los Angeles, says the desperate cycle of emergency-room visits and stints in jail can exceed $100,000 a year for each homeless person. Permanent supportive housing costs only $16,000.
The history of this quiet disaster can be traced back to the 1960s, when John Kennedy decided to treat more of the mentally ill in the community and a new drug called thorazine promised to help. Over the next decade, however, new centres did not arrive and thorazine was not as good as everyone hoped. Moreover, there was a rise in legal actions against state facilities.
Pete Earley, a journalist and author of a book on the American mental-health system, says that in one year in California 19,000 beds were cut. “There was no place for anyone to go, they were literally thrown on to the street,” he says. Matters deteriorated in the 1980s, when large cuts were made to housing programmes. Funds for the mentally ill remain a soft target.
Indeed, these days it is very rare for people to be put in a mental-health institution unless they are a danger to themselves or others. Even when they are held in a hospital, they are unlikely to stay long enough for any course of drugs to stabilise them. If someone decides he wants to walk around naked, or cannot give his name to a police officer, the likelihood is that he will end up in jail. Sheriff Dart, whose job is only to keep people safe while they await trial, says they should be treated better. People should not be pushed out on the street on their release day with “a baggie of drugs”. Instead, he is discharging them with videos to help them adjust and counselling about the different services they may be able to use.
He is most excited, though, about a small pot of funding he has found which might divert a few of the mentally ill away from his jail. New arrivals now have an interview, and evidence of any brain disorder is passed to the public defender (a lawyer for those who cannot afford one), who is then able to plead for an alternative to jail. With some philanthropic help from a local businessman, Sheriff Dart has managed to get about a dozen people into a secure former nursing home where he monitors them with an ankle bracelet.
Carla Clark thinks this works well. She is the mother of a young woman, Melissa, who had a psychotic breakdown and who looked certain to be heading into the criminal-justice system. Melissa’s problems started when it appeared she was taking something without paying at Wholefoods Market; but when two security guards came after her and she thought they were attacking her, she fought back. This led to a felony charge for robbery.
Her mother believes Melissa needs to be somewhere secure, so much so that she refused to bail out her daughter from jail because she was not taking her tablets. But now Sheriff Dart has found the girl a place in a home, things are much better. Melissa is taking her pills, and there is even a bit of group therapy. “Asylum”, says Mrs Clark, “means safe place. What is so bad with that?”
|
http://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21582535-costly-criminalisation-mentally-ill-locked/email
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Take the 2-minute tour ×
Looks like we are going to have to start load balancing our webservers here soon.
We have a feature request to edit robots.txt dynamically which is not a problem for one host -- however once we get our load balancer up and going -- it sounds like I will have to scp the file over to the other host(s).
This sounds extremely 'bad'. How would you handle this situation?
I already let the client edit the meta tag 'robots' which (imo) should effectively do the same thing as he wants from the robots.txt editing but I really don't know that much about SEO.
Maybe there is a completely different way of handling this?
looks like we will store it in s3 for now and memcache it frontside...
so we are using merb..I mapped a route to our robots.txt like so:
match('/robots.txt').to(:controller => 'welcome', :action => 'robots')
then that relevant code looks like this:
def robots
@cache = MMCACHE.clone
robot = @cache.get("/robots/robots.txt")
robot = S3.get('robots', "robots.txt")
@cache.set("/robots/robots.txt", robot, 0)
return robot
share|improve this question
This question might be better on serverfault, but is there a reason why your replication agent couldn't handle it? You're going to need some sort of replication policy between the servers anyway, is there a reason why it couldn't do it? – Chris Thompson Oct 5 '09 at 19:43
yeh.. I guess if it was stored in the db that'll work for now... sounds very fugly... – feydr Oct 5 '09 at 19:57
add comment
4 Answers
I might have the app edit the contents of robots.txt and have the user input saved to a database. Then at certain intervals, have a background process pull the latest from the DB and push to your servers.
share|improve this answer
yeh.. this is what I'm trying to avoid... I dont' like the fact that I'm having to push updates to the servers... – feydr Oct 5 '09 at 19:55
I guess I don't really need to push updates if it's store in the db.. – feydr Oct 5 '09 at 19:59
well somehow, it has to end up in the robots.txt file on the server – Matt Wrock Oct 5 '09 at 20:24
add comment
An alternative would be to have the reverse proxy that is doing your load balancing treat robots.txt differently. You could serve it directly from the reverse-proxy or have all requests for that file go to a single server. It makes a lot of sense since robots.txt is going to be required relatively infrequently.
share|improve this answer
add comment
I'm not sure if you're home on this yet. If so ignore. (UPDATE: I see a note to your original post, but this may be useful reagrdless.)
If you mapped a call to robots.txt to an http-handler or similar, you can generate the response from say a dB.
share|improve this answer
yeh -- we did end up mapping it...i'll update my notes now. – feydr Oct 9 '09 at 17:27
add comment
serve it via whatever dynamic content generation you are using. its just a file . nothing special.
share|improve this answer
add comment
Your Answer
|
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1521968/how-do-you-dynamically-edit-robots-txt-in-a-load-balanced-environment?answertab=votes
|
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| 0.21937
|
1
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| 3,765
|
The Twilight Saga
Hey guys! This is Renesmee Cullen's story from birth to the rest of her life, hope you enjoy! (:
Chapter 1-The birth of a hybrid.
I heard momma's voice, I loved her voice. I've been in here for a couple months now, but I knew it was almost time for me to come out. I would sometimes try to move myself a little, in either a way to be more comfortable, or to cause her less pain. But I usually ended up causing her pain by accidentally breaking one of her ribs.
I had decided to try to move a little, in an attempt to make myself a bit more comfortable, but that's when I heard it; the loud crack of her spine. Then, all of the sudden, I couldn't breathe. I heard the sound of someone, my daddy, yelling something like, "The placenta detached!" Then I heard momma scream; I had hurt her. I felt so horrible.. I held my breath; which was pretty easy for a few seconds, then I heard momma stop screaming and moving all together.. and then something was scratching the top of my little home, I could see a very bright light coming from above me, and then I felt my daddy's hands around me, lifting me out of my mother.
"Renesmee.." He whispered in amazement as I opened my eyes to see him. He had a sort of bronzish hair, with bright golden eyes. His arms and face had blood on them; Momma's blood.
That's when I heard momma speak, "Re..Nes..Mee..Give her.. To.. Me.." She whispered with the few breaths she had. Then daddy handed me to her, and she gently wrapped her very weak arms around me. I could see her blood covered face, her face was very pale and drained of blood.
She smiled frailely(sp?) at me and I smiled back, and then that smell hit me. The smell of lavender and some other flowers I had not yet heard of, most of that scent coming from momma's throat. I couldn't help it; I leaned down and bit her, not getting a chance to suck any blood from her.
Daddy pulled me away instantly and said in a stern, and slightly loving voice, "No, Renesmee." I frowned and then I heard my mother's heard beat stop.
Daddy handed me to another woman with long, wavy blonde hair. I could hear Daddy and some other man talking angrily and trying to get Momma's heart beating again. Then I heard her heart starting to beat as this woman carried me into another room; a bathroom with a shower/bath tub. I could hear Momma's heart still not beating, and I wanted to go back and hug her.
I squirmed a little in her arms to be back with Momma, but she wouldn't let go.
"No, Renesmee. Your mother is going to be okay." She said quietly. "I'm Rosalie, your aunt, your father's sister."
She smiled at me. I smiled back and looked at her questioningly. "Oh, sweetheart, I'm giving you a bath. You don't want to be all bloody, do you?" She said in a cooing voice. She was treating me like a baby, and I didn't like it. But, I went along with it for the time. She ran the bath water, and washed me clean. She also washed my shoulder-length hair with an apple-scented shampoo. She rinsed me off and dried me off, dressing me in a very vintage/floral dress.
She smiled and asked me, "Is that better?" I nodded and thought of a way to speak to her. I didn't feel like talking aloud, so I pressed a palm to her cheek, letting my thoughts say "Yes.. Can I see my Momma now?" She stared at me, shocked at what I just did.
I could feel momma's heart beat going faster by the second, like a hummingbird's.
Aunt Rosalie then smiled and said quietly, "You're very special, aren't you, Renesmee?" I nodded and smiled, blushing a little. She then brushed through my already half-dry ringlets of bronze hair while she let me watch in a vanity mirror.
I had the same hair as my Daddy, and the eyes of my Momma. I smiled at myself, watching Rosalie brush my hair, it felt great. I had to show Momma all this later with my 'gift.' Eventually aunt Rosalie carried me into the living room with a small blanket wrapped around me, and gave me a little metal bottle, knowing I could possibly break a plastic one, filled with blood.
And then someone came downstairs. He was tan, had short black hair, dark brown eyes, and they were filled with what seemed to be hate. Rosalie was tring to make me laugh, but it wasn't working very well. I had my heard fixed on this boy.. Why did he hate me? What did I do? Then this look changed. His eyes widened, and he just stood there for a few seconds. Staring at me. Into my soul, almost.
He went to take a step towards me, that's when Rosalie quickly turned and glared at him, protectively wrapping her arms around me. "What do you want, mutt?" She said rudely to that boy. "I.. I think I.." Was all he said before he bolted out the door. I pressed my palm to aunt Rosalie's cheek, asking her what was wrong with that man? She just told me she would explain to me later. I just let it rest at that moment, but I wasn't leting this rest completely. I had finished the now empty metal bottle that was sitting on the coffee table in front of us.
I looked at Rosalie and pressed my palm back to her cheek, asking why I could smell so many different scents? Such as lavender, dasies, frecias, roses, sun, cinnamon, sugar, honey, something woodsy, and vanilla.
She said softly, "That's what we all smell like. The lavender is me. Dasies is your grandma Esme. Frecias and roses is your mother. Sun and cinnamon is your daddy. Sugar is your aunt Alice. Honey is your uncle Jasper. Vanilla is your uncle Emmett, and that woodsy scent was Jacob, the mutt."
I lightly patted my hand against her cheek, asking her why she called Jacob a mutt. She explained to me that Jacob was a shapeshifter, or 'werewolf' as some would say. And that he smelled horrible to her. I found it a little funny that he smelled fine to me but bad to her.
Then I thought to her, asking her what imprinting was. She sighed and explained that to me too.
Imprinting was apparently 'love at first site' but only stronger. That the person would be anything for their imprintee. A best friend, a brother, a lover. Then I thought, does this Jacob feel this for me? She nodded and said yes. I stared at her. Why? She also answered that. "Well, Renesmee, I guess he just can't help it. You're just adorable!" she said with a smile on her face, changing the subject completely.
I let it slide this time. Then a man who looked very tough, and smelled of vanilla walked in; it must be my uncle Emmett, I thought. Aunt Rosalie, or "Rose" as I was going to call her now, said "Yes, that's Emmett, honey." I smiled and nodded towards him, waving my little hand a little. He waved back and smiled. "I take it this is little Renesmee?" He asked. He seemed very nice, and I guess he was my uncle. I can't wait to meet the rest of my family. Emmett picked me up and swung me around in a circle, "You're just the cutest little thing, aren't you?" He said with a light chuckle. I blushed and placed my palm to his cheek, 'I guess so. Thank you, Uncle Emmett.' "Hm, and with a nice gift, too?" He said with a smile, as he sat me on the couch next to Rosalie, and gave her a tiny peck on the cheek when someone else walked in.
This one was another pale woman, but she was very little and tiny. She was holding another man's hand, he had curly blonde hair, and he looked like he was in pain. They, together, smelled like honey and sugar. I pressed my palm against Rose's cheek again, 'Alice and Jasper?' I asked her. She nodded and said, "Yes honey, that's your Aunt Alice and Uncle Jasper. You two wanna come over and say hello to your new niece?" Aunt Alice giggled; it sounded like someone jingled tiny bells.
She held Uncle Jasper's hand and said quietly to Aunt Rose, "I don't know.. Jasper.." She looked at him and he smiled, saying, "It's okay, love." Aunt Alice walked over to me and picked me up, hugging me tight. I hugged her back, placing a palm on her cheek, thinking to her, "You're very pretty, Auntie Alice!" I thought to her and she giggled. "Why thank you, Little Love!" She smiled and kissed my cheek.
She turned to Uncle Jasper and asked him, "Are you alright to hold her, Jazz?" He nodded and she handed him to me. I pressed a palm to his cheek, noticing his bite-shaped scars, and asked, "How'd you get those scars, Uncle Jasper?" He chuckled and said, "Another story for another day, Renesmee." I smiled and nodded, saying 'Ok' with my little gift.
Then two more people walked in; How many people did I have in this family? The man had light blonde hair, and looked like a model. Who in this family didn't? The woman had long black/dark brown hair, and everyone had golden eyes. Rosalie smiled and nodded,
"Before you ask, Renesmee, These are your grandparents. Esme and Carlisle." I smiled and waved at them.
Esme asked, "Don't you speak, sweetheart?" She chuckled. I smiled and nodded, Rosalie told her to come over and let me show her.
Rosalie stood up and Esme, with Carlisle, both came and sat on each side of me. I sat between them both and pressed a palm on one of each of their cheeks, saying to both of them, 'This is how I prefer to speak.. Is that alright with you?' They both nodded at the same time. Grandpa Carlisle said, "Hm.. Renesmee, you appear to have a lovely little gift there." With my palm still on his cheek, I said, 'Thank you, Grandpa.' Then I looked around the room; no Momma or Daddy in here. I suddenly grew worried, until a wave of calm washed over me. I knew it was from Jasper, somehow. Because he was smiling at me, and nodded as a 'you're welcome' to me.
I nodded back, and pressed my palm to Grandma Esme's cheek, asking her were Momma and Daddy were.. and then asking about this 'Jacob'. Grandma Esme explained to me how Momma was being changed into a vampire. I nodded a couple times as she told me why, then I suddenly felt horrible as I realized I almost killed my own mother. I refused to cry, I am not going to be weak, I thought to myself..
Then Grandma Esme explained how Jacob needed some time, and he would be back in a little. Then, as if on cue, Jacob walked in. It all happened within just a few seconds. Rosalie had tried to jump at Jacob, but Uncle Emmett held her back easily. "Now, Rose. No being violent in front of Renesmee.. Why did you do that?" He asked her, almost in shock. Aunt Rosalie took a few seconds to calm down, with Uncle Jasper's help, of course.
She signed, "Jacob imprinted on Renesmee."
Jacob sighed, also, and explained what he meant. "It's not something I can control, you guys. It's not my fault. It's destiny, I guess." He awkwardly explained. Then he took his time explaining about a boy named Quil, and how he had imprinted on a 2 year old named Claire. I nodded, listening, too, to the story. He explained about how he would be a best friend, like a brother, even, someday, a lover, if that's what I wanted. I understood this.. mostly. I blushed a few times. Then Grandma Esme said to Jacob, "Jacob, why don't you come sit next to Renesmee?" She got up and held Carlisle's hand, sitting on another couch in the room..
They had 2 couches and 2 chairs. Me and Jacob now in one, Grandma and Grandpa sitting in the other, which also had Emmett and Rosalie. Alice and Jasper sat in one chair, Alice on her lover's lap. As Jacob came and sat beside me,
I jumped on his lap, sitting on him, and pressing a palm to his cheek, asking him "Are you my new friend? Why did you seem so hateful earlier? What happened to my Momma?" he cut my thoughts off early, saying, "Yes, I'm your new best friend, I'll explain that later, and your mother is just fine, Nessie." Everyone stopped and stared at him. Rosalie asked angrily, "What in the hell did you just call my niece, mutt?" I almost laughed. 'Nessie?' I thought to myself. Jacob chuckled nervously and said to Aunt Rose, "Just a nickname, Blondie." Don't they like eachother? I thougnt to myself. Jacob chuckled, "We just like to mess around, Nessie." I guess he calls me Nessie, now. And then I could feel my throat start to burn slightly, Jasper apparently felt that, because he got me a cup this time, of blood. I took a sip of is and licked my lips, smiling.
Jacob chuckled and I smiled. Uncle Emmett turned on the TV saying he was going to watch a football game. I decided I'd watch it with him. "Such a lazy day." he said, laughing. I rolled my eyes. A lazy day when I child is born and her mother almost dies? Alright. I found that kind of funny. I finished my cup of blood, then placed a palm to Jacob's cheek, yawning, asking him if he could hold me.
He smiled a little, and held me in his arms, like a baby would be held. I couldn't complain, though. Eventually I drifted to sleep, I felt him move my hand to his throat, so he could see my dreams. I remember dreaming of what it would be like to see momma again. If she would look differently, if she would have golden eyes, if she would be more pale, have the same face or not. Then I wondered why I couldn't see her. I missed her. It had felt like just a few minutes, but then I woke up, it was dark out. Not morning-dark, like night-time dark. I know I slep't longer than just all night.. But now I was in Aunt Rosalie's arms. I wondered where Jacob was when I noticed he was sitting on the couch with Uncle Emmett watching some kind of show.
Wow.. I must've been tired.. Then I noticed my hair was down to a little longer than my shoulders. It had been brushed again while I was asleep.
I pressed my palm to Aunt Rosalie's cheek, asking her how long I've been asleep. "Oh, about 27 hours, Renesmee.." She said with a chuckle. "You were tired after what happened, huh?" She asked.
I nodded and smiled a little, sitting up and sitting on Aunt Rose's lap. She started to run her fingers through my hair, and it felt nice. I wanted Grandma Esme to hold me for a change, I missed her, too. Rosalie heard my thought and said quietly, "Esme." she chuckled and handed me to her. I hugged Grandma Esme tight, smiling.
Pressing my palm to her cheek, I asked, "When can I see Momma?" She answered, "In about a day, little love." I smiled and nodded, thinking to her, "Ok.. I love you, Grandma." She smiled happily and said softly, "Love you too, sweetheart."
I asked her in my special way if me and Jacob could play some game or something, because I said I was bored, and it would occupy my time of missing Momma. She nodded and sat me beside Jacob, I pressed my palm to Jacob's cheek, I asked him if he had any games to play or anything.
He smiled and said, "We could go outside, Ness. If you'd like. I could teach you to climb trees, or something." I shook my head and thought, 'No outside. Something inside, so I stay near Momma and Daddy.'
He nodded and asked me if he could read a book to me. I smiled and nodded. He carried me over to a book-shelf in the living room, and picked out two books, Jane Eyre and Romeo and Juliet. As he sat down with the books and me, he asked me which book would be first. I pointed to Jane Eyre, and he smiled, opened the book, and started reading.
I sat there and listened to every detail, understanding almost every single word.
Eventually, after about an hour and a half, Jacob and I finished the first book. Without hesitation, he picked up the next book and started reading. I understood every part of the book. I never knew someone could love someone enough to die for them.. Then I remembered Momma, and how she almost died for me.
Jacob had finished the book by now, and I had been looking down, no longer back-and-forth between him and Romeo & Juliet. This book was officially my favorite.
I leaned on Jacob's shoulder after I looked at the clock: 10:23 pm.
Then I remembered, Momma would be here soon! I smiled wide, and realized that if I slept, I would wake up and be perfectly awake to see her! I closed my eyes and layed in Jacob's arms again, slowly drifting to sleep.
--Okay guys! Sorry this chapter's so long xD I kinda thought I should make long chapters.. Helpful criticism would be wonderful^-^--
Tags: eternal, jacob, life, love, moonlight, renesmee, renesmee's, story
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Loving it! Please write more :)
thanks ^^ will do:]
thanks :D
love it. please update soon :)
chapter 2 is up ^^
Chapter 2- Seeing Momma
I woke up still laying on Jacob, him still being asleep and snoring loudly, and seeing the sunlight streaming through the windows. I looked at the clock; 9:25 am. I could no longer hear Momma's heartbeat coming from upstairs, and I couldn't smell that mix of sun and honey anymore. I patted Jacob on the cheek and he opened hit eyes, sitting up. I asked him with my gift, 'Where's Momma and Daddy?' He told me that Daddy had taken Momma hunting, and that I could see them in about 30 minutes. I smiled happily and nodded. Just then Aunt Alice walked in the living room holding a small khaki colored dress.
"Come on, Renesmee! Don't you want to look pretty for your mom and dad?" She asked with a giggle. I nodded and she came over, picked me up, and carried me into her room. She sat me on her bed and asked me if I could change my clothes myself, which I answered with another nod and a smile. She walked out of her room, closing the door. I carefully changed into the dress. I honestly didn't like dresses too much, but I didn't really care what I wore, I just had my mind fixed on the thought of the fact I could see Momma soon. I heard Aunt Alice knock on the door, asking me if I was alright. Since she was outside of the room, I quietly said "Yes, Aunt Alice." and opened the door. She picked me up and carried me back into the living room, where everyone in the family - including Jacob - was. She handed me to Rosalie, who un-willingly sat next to Jacob. That's when I heard a new voice; I knew it was my Momma.
"So.. who does she look like more?" She asked. Daddy answered, "It's an even spilt."
I smiled happily and watched as Jacob walked out and started saying something about how he was a 'test' for my mother. I just kept watching the door very intently waiting for to come in. She walked in, wearing a light blue, sort of frilly dress, that was ripped on both sides. Everyone was standing now, Me in Aunt Rosalie's arms, with Jacob beside us, as close to me as he could get. Everyone's eyes were fixed on Momma. She and I stared at eachother, Daddy held her arms back. I knew that she was a vampire, and she would be attracted to my blood, Daddy had one hand on her shoulder as she walked close to me, everyone staring at me and her, and watching to make sure she wouldn't hurt me. I know she won't hurt me, I don't see the big deal. Aunt Rosalie carefully placed me in my mother's arms. As she wrapped her arms around me lightly, Rosalie still had one hand on my shoulder. Suddenly I heard the air catch in my mother's throat, and I was quickly ripped from her arms as Daddy wrapped his arms tightly around her, restraining her from me. She was just standing there, not breathing, trying not to inhale again. She slowly started breathing through her nose again, and I whimpered loudly, I wanted Momma. Everyone was around me in a second, reassuring me, kissing my forehead; everyone but Momma. I patted my hand to Rosalie's cheek, 'Let me see her. Please.' I basically begged her. I heard Momma whisper to Daddy, "It's okay, Edward. I'm alright. Can I hold her now?" He nodded as she walked to me, I was not in Jacob's armd. And as she held me, Jacob still had his arms around me, too. He was watching me intently, but I was more focused on Momma's expression, which appeared to be angry, angry at Jacob. She glared at him as he glared back.
"Why are you... You. Didn't." Momma said angrily. "Rose, take Renesmee." Aunt Rosalie came and I was back in her arms. I was staring at Momma, wondering why she was so angry with Jacob, was it because he imprinted on me? That's what I thought it was. He backed down the stairs, arguing, "I can't control it, It's not my fault." I heard her growl something like, "How could you imprint on my daughter?" Now they were outside, and I watched from the window of the house. I heard Jacob say, "It's okay, Bella. Nessie likes me too." Then Momma basically screamed at Jacob, "You nicknamed my daughter after the loch ness monster?!" And with that she lunged at him.
--Sorry this chapter's a bit non-descriptive, and I may have gotten some parts wrong, but here it is!:]--
it's really good.
love it
loving it! can't wait to read more.
© 2014 Created by Hachette Book Group.
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Museums News Ukraine
City collection 'ransacked' as Kiev erupts in violence
Art and archaeology in storage at the Ukrainsky Dom is looted, while Baroque church is used as field hospital
St Michael’s Golden-Domed Monastery has become a refuge for weary and wounded protesters
The Ukrainian Center for Museum Development reported today that the Kiev History Museum’s collections have been ransacked in Ukrainsky Dom, as the situation in Kiev continues to escalate into brutal violence. Security forces had seized the government building from protesters yesterday. The looting appears to have been done overnight after protesters and staff had left.
“Unfortunately, the news is bad,” a post read on the organisation’s Facebook page on Wednesday afternoon. “The storage and administrative facilities of the Kiev History Museum, which are on the fourth floor of Ukrainsky Dom, have been COMPLETELY ransacked.” The group said it was trying to determine exactly when the looting took place. The interior ministry is currently using the building to deploy security forces.
A museum employee identified as Aida Bek posted a photograph on her Facebook page of an overturned box of fragments at Ukrainsky Dom, with the caption: “Our archaeology in storage.”
However, Leonid Novohatko, Ukraine’s acting culture minister, said in a television interview on Wednesday that “nothing tragic has yet happened” in terms of cultural losses. He said it was too early to assess damage to the Kiev History Museum collection since an inventory was still being conducted.
The museum had been planning to move into new quarters and was storing its collection, which includes art and archaeological objects related to the city, at a building known as the Ukrainsky Dom (Ukraine House). After protesters took over the building last month, the Ukrainian Center for Museum Development reported that the collection had not suffered significant damage from either security forces or protesters, who seemed to be respectful of the museum’s property.
Meanwhile, another nearby site of great cultural significance for Ukraine is playing a central role in the anti-government conflict as a field hospital. St Michael’s Golden-Domed Monastery, which was severely damaged by invading Mongols in the 13th century, was rebuilt in the Ukrainian Baroque style in the 18th century and had its main cathedral destroyed under Stalin in the 1930s, has become a refuge for weary and wounded protesters. The cathedral was rebuilt in the 1990s, after the Soviet Union collapsed and Ukraine became independent.
“Our archaeology in storage”: a staff member of the Kiev History Museum posts a photo of scattered fragments
More from The Art Newspaper
21 Feb 14
3:39 CET
Can someone explain to this American who is doing this and why they are doing it? I know the protests have to do with some kind of trade deal with Russia vs. Europe, but exactly how does this affect the common person in Ukraine to the point that they would risk their lives in the streets? And who ransacked this museum? Why? Who are the bad guys? What do they want from the other side?
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No definite answer
Send to a friend
Send this article to a friend.
Dear Editor,
Two days after Commissioner Glaude read his final report, I'm left feeling quite perplexed by the various reactions, especially by the media and our mayor.
The big issue that is being reported is that no definite answer was provided as to whether or not there was a pedophile ring in this area.
I'm pretty sure that was not the inquiry's mandate. The Inquiry was supposed to be about analyzing the mistakes for the past so we could improve our present institutions to better aid the children of the future.
But the most confusing comments were made by Professor Ed Ratushny, who criticized the inquiry for funding counseling services. This to me is abhorrent. He does make a good point that the funding could have come from somewhere else. However, in the end, wouldn't it still come from the Government, and thus the taxpayer? Does it really matter if it was filtered through the Inquiry or through some other program? At least the Inquiry allowed the services to be high-profile, so that the survivors who needed it were aware of the help they could receive.
These counseling services are an integral part of the healing process, which is something the Ontario Government obviously doesn't understand, as they've cut off all of the funding, despite Commissioner Glaude's recommendations.
Gabriel Riviere-Reid,
Organizations: Dear Editor, Ontario Government
• 1
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Thanks for voting!
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Take the 2-minute tour ×
Saw this: http://www.motherjones.com/environment/2013/01/lead-crime-link-gasoline
Intriguingly, violent crime rates followed the same upside-down U pattern... The two curves looked eerily identical, but were offset by about 20 years.
They claim a strong methodology: they studied during the phaseout of leaded fuel (which was not implemented uniformly across places, crucially) and subsequent violence levels. The same trend was proved across the world. Lead shrinks the part of the brain responsible for empathy, hence where lead poisoning was more common, people are more predisposed to violence. Big cities thus become more violent.
Do widely-spread brain toxins explain more violence? Are many violent criminals people who got their prefrontal cortexes shrunk by toxins? Do big cities make people aggressive and violent due to increased concentration of toxins?
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I am a layman (learned computers in college) and first-timer here. Please point out anything that makes this question ineffective. – aitchnyu Jan 4 '13 at 21:00
Welcome to CogSci.SE! A few suggestions: at the end of the question you actually have 3 questions. I would recommend creating separate questions on CogSci for each. Remember that we ask you to do some initial research first though! Speaking of research, have you read the entire Mother Jones article? Considering the amount of evidence that they have, I would highly doubt that there is any other explanation... – BenCole Jan 4 '13 at 21:17
@BenCole I meant them to be slightly redundant ways. I asked of a trend; big cities are extremes of this trend, and its pertinent to me; hence third question. :-) Second question was to avoid "technically correct" generalizations that can confuse me. Yes I have read it all. And I do want to learn of similar research which is now highly regarded. – aitchnyu Jan 4 '13 at 21:41
I understand now. I'm curious still: do you doubt the research or linked papers in the article? It seems that the article, or the linked papers, readily answer your first question. Unfortunately, I suspect there are many reasons for a slightly smaller prefrontal cortex than just toxins and more reasons for violence than a small prefrontal cortex. Also, considering that anything in sufficient quantity can be a toxin, I suspect that the last two questions are too broad for us to be able to answer here. – BenCole Jan 4 '13 at 22:16
I think the important distinction here is "factor in" versus "explain". Could it be a factor? Certainly. However, to say that things like population density aren't a larger contributor would be ignoring a lot of already established notions. I think it's a great question and worth asking, it's just likely to be more complicated, as Ben pointed out. – Chuck Sherrington Jan 5 '13 at 18:19
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Ali Zayn l-Abidin
'abû muhammadi calî bni ussayn (full name) zaynu l-cabidîn (honorary title) 'as-sajjâd (honorary title) 'az-zakiyy (honorary title)
(Madina 658 - 712 or 713) The fourth Imam of Shi'i Islam (680- 712 or 713).
Due to his weak health and inability to fight he was the only son of Husayn to survive the massacre at Karbala. He was taken as prisoner to Damascus but was freed by Yazid and allowed to return to Madina. He spent his life in seclusion, weeping over the martyrs at Karbala, for which he was named 'as-Sajjad (the prostrator). He did not involve himself in the politics of his time and was widely well regarded for his piousness. Other honorary titles of him was the most commonly used, Zaynu l-Abidin (the ornament of the worshippers), and 'az-Zaki (the pure).
He was succeeded by Muhammadu l-Baqir in the Twelver and Ismalili traditions and by Zayd in the Zaydi tradition.
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The GNU 3DLDF Language Page
Author: Laurence D. Finston
Copyright (C) 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 The Free Software Foundation
Last updated: September 19, 2007
Table of Contents
Introduction to the Grammar
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The GNU 3DLDF language is implemented by means of a parser. This is actually a C++ function called yyparse(), which is generated by a package called GNU Bison from a parser input file.
Parser input files for Bison have a special form. They consist largely of rules written in a special syntax with associated actions, written in C or C++. Bison reads such an input file and generates a file C or C++ code with the definition of yyparse().
Bison expects a single input file. In the case of 3DLDF, this file is generated by ctangle from a large set of CWEB files. These are the files in the directory 3DLDF-1.2.0/CWEB/ with names of the pattern p*.w, where * stands for any sequence of characters. Names that fit this pattern are, for example, parser.w, pbsndecl.w, pldfdcl.w, etc.
There are a couple of steps involved, but when ctangle and Bison are finished, there's a file of C++ called parser.c++ and two header files called parser.h and parser.h++. The header files are included in some of the other source files, and parser.c++ is compiled and linked with the other object files to create the executable 3dldf.
Bison also generates the file parser.output as a by-product of its operation. It's not needed for building the package, but I include it in the distribution as a convenience. It contains information about the parser function, including a list of the grammar rules in Backus-Naur form. It is an important source of information for anybody who wants to learn to use the interactive version of GNU 3DLDF, since I have not yet rewritten the manual. See Introduction to the Grammar for more information.
If you want to start learning about the source code of the parser, the place to start is parser.w. This file includes all of the other source files for the parser.
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Introduction to the Grammar
The file parser.output may seem intimidating at first glance, but it's not that hard to learn to interpret. And once you do, the grammar of the 3DLDF language will be an open book to you.
Please note that parser.output changes with every change to the grammar, and this happens frequently. So the examples on this page may not correspond exactly to what's in the most recent version of parser.output. However, I will mostly be talking about general principles here, so it shouldn't matter.
parser.output starts out with a copyright notice and a license. After that, you'll find a line with the text Terminals which are not used followed by a long list of words in capital letters. Another long list of lines beginning with the word State follows. Finally, you get to a line containing only the word Grammar. We've arrived!
The text in this section is a numbered list of the grammar rules of the 3DLDF language in a special form called Backus-Naur form. Rule 0 is automatically generated by Bison. Rule 1 is the so-called start symbol of the language. It looks like this:
1 program: statement_list END
This means that in 3DLDF, a program is a statement list followed by the token END.
In Bison, a token, also known as a terminal symbol or just terminal for short, is a basic unit of a language. They are conventionally written in capital letters. Other parts of speech are called non-terminal symbols or just non-terminals. They are built up out of tokens in the course of parsing input. The tokens come from the scanner, which is a function called yyscan(), but that's another story.
In Rule 1, program and statement_list are written in lowercase letters, so they are non-terminal symbols. In addition, there is a colon with program on the left-hand side (LHS) and statement_list END on the right-hand side (RHS). The colon can be read as is, i.e., program is statement_list followed by END. Another way to read this is statement_list END reduces to program. This is really what yyparse() is doing: It tries to match the sequence of tokens it receives from the scanner to rules. When it does, it goes into a particular state. These states pile up on a stack until they can be reduced. Then, they can begin to pile up again. Ultimately, a valid input will reduce to the state corresponding to Rule 1, i.e., the rule for the start symbol, program.
The next two rules look like this:
2 statement_list: /* empty */
3 | statement_list statement
This tells us what a statement_list is: It's either empty, or a statement_list followed by a statement. /* and */ enclose a comment, so Rule 2 really has nothing at all on its right-hand side. The | symbol means or.
Rules 2 and 3 could be restated as follows:
2 statement_list: /* empty */
3 statement_list: statement_list statement
The two formulations are completely equivalent.
Rules 2 and 3 are an example of recursion. Let's say yyparse() starts parsing an input and it gets a statement (whatever that is). It can now try to reduce to the state corresponding to Rule 3. All we have is a statement, but it matches, because nothing is a valid statement_list.
Now we scan another statement. We can match Rule 3 again, because we've got a statement_list from before, followed by our current statement. So, in effect, we're appending statements onto a statement_list.
To stop, all we have to do is get the scanner to pass an END token to the parser. This is easy. The string end, written as a separate word in the input, following a statement, will do the trick.
In fact, this works for most tokens: There's usually a character or string that corresponds or maps to them. For example, these are the rules for statement:
4 statement: SEMI_COLON
5 | END_INPUT
6 | equation SEMI_COLON
7 | declaration SEMI_COLON
8 | assignment SEMI_COLON
9 | operation_assignment SEMI_COLON
10 | macro_definition
11 | command SEMI_COLON
12 | conditional
13 | loop
14 | macro_call
15 | let_statement SEMI_COLON
The token SEMI_COLON maps to the character ; and END_INPUT maps to the string end_input. In fact, END_INPUT also maps to endinput, so end_input and endinput can be used interchangeably. In other words, they are synonyms.
The exception is tokens used for declaring objects of types defined in the 3DLDF language. For example, when an input contains the line
point p;
the string point doesn't map to the token POINT, which does exist, but rather to the token POINT_DECLARATOR. The same applies to boolean, transform, path, and all of the other types defined in the 3DLDF language.
So what strings do map to POINT, PATH, etc.? Well, none at all. When one is needed, the parser passes it to the scanner, which passes it back to the parser. I call this faking a token, although such tokens are no less real than ones created by scanning input. The reason for this is the separation between the rules and the actions. Information about the type of a variable can be found in an action, but it's not possible to influence the course of parsing except by means of the stream of tokens passed to the parsing function. Faking tokens is a means of doing this.
Most kinds of statements will require their own chapter. However, a few of them are so simple that I can explain them here.
4 statement: SEMI_COLON
This is the magic rule that makes it possible to have extra semi-colons between statements.
5 statement: END_INPUT
When the parser receives an END_INPUT token, it stops reading from the current input stream. This rule is actually a bit more complicated than it appears at first glance. The behavior of 3DLDF depends on what the current input source is and whether it's using multiple threads to read input. I will explain about this elsewhere.
6 statement: equation SEMI_COLON
Equations à la METAFONT do not yet exist in 3DLDF, so this rule is currently non-functional.
NEXT CHAPTER: Declarations
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Celebrate the Anniversary of Prohibition's Repeal With DIY GinS
Eighty-nine years ago, Congress passed the 21st amendment and repealed Prohibition. The country breathed a collective, blind drunk sigh of relief. You can commemorate the presence of no sauce in the states by making some gin of your own, and you don't even need a whole fancy distilling system.
The HomeMade Gin Kit is $40. In the set, you get the juniper berries and spices you need to make a bottle of vodka (which you'll need to buy) into a bottle of gin. Makes sense, because the basic ingredients of the two spirits are basically the same. We tried this on our own a few months back and it wasn't too bad. So maybe with the help of a kit, your vodka-turned-gin will be even better. [HomeMade Gin Kit via Uncrate]
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1. Computing
How To Fix D3dx9_34.dll Not Found or Missing Errors
A Troubleshooting Guide for D3dx9_34.dll Errors
D3dx9_34.dll Error Messages
There are quite a few different ways that d3dx9_34.dll errors may show up on your computer. Some of the more common d3dx9_34.dll error messages are listed below:
• "D3DX9_34.DLL Not Found"
• "File d3dx9_34.dll not found"
• "The file d3dx9_34.dll is missing"
• "D3DX9_34.DLL is missing. Replace D3DX9_34.DLL and try again."
• "D3dx9_34.dll not found. Reinstalling might help fix this."
• "This application has failed to start because d3dx9_34.dll could not be found!"
D3dx9_34.dll errors typically appear when a software program, usually a game, is started. Occasionally, d3dx9_34.dll errors will display after a game is loaded but right before the game starts.
In non-game applications, a d3dx9_34.dll error might appear before the program starts or before certain advanced graphics features of the program are used.
Cause of D3dx9_34.dll Errors
D3dx9_34.dll issues are caused in one way or another by a single issue - a problem with Microsoft DirectX.
The d3dx9_34.dll file is one of many files contained in the DirectX software package. Since DirectX is used by most Windows based games and graphics programs, d3dx9_34.dll errors usually show up only when using these programs.
Troubleshooting Steps
Important Note: Do not, under any circumstances, download the d3dx9_34.dll DLL file from any "DLL download site." There are a many different reasons that downloading DLLs from these sites are never a good idea.
Note: If you've already downloaded d3dx9_34.dll from one of those DLL download sites, remove it from wherever you put it and continue with the following steps.
1. Restart your computer if you haven't yet done so.
The d3dx9_34.dll error might be a one-time issue and a restart could clear it up completely. It's unlikely this will fix the problem, but restarting is always a good first troubleshooting step.
2. Install the latest version of Microsoft DirectX. Chances are, upgrading to the latest version of DirectX will fix the d3dx9_34.dll not found error.
3. Assuming the latest DirectX version from Microsoft doesn't fix the d3dx9_34.dll error you're receiving, look for a DirectX installation program on your game or application CD or DVD. Most likely, if a game or other program utilizes DirectX, the software developers will include a copy of DirectX on the installation disc.
4. Uninstall the game or software program and then reinstall it again. Something may have happened to the files in the program that work with d3dx9_34.dll and a reinstall could do the trick.
5. Restore the d3dx9_34.dll file from the latest DirectX package. If the above troubleshooting steps haven't worked to solve your d3dx9_34.dll error, try extracting the d3dx9_34.dll file individually from the DirectX package.
Applies To
The d3dx9_34.dll error message could apply to any program that utilizes Microsoft DirectX, most commonly video games.
Some common games that have been known to generate d3dx9_34.dll errors include Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare, Crysis, Need for Speed Pro Street, Project 64 (a N64 emulator), Blazing Angels: Squadrons of WWII, Savage 2: A Tortured Soul, and more.
Any of Microsoft's operating systems since Windows 98 may be affected by d3dx9_34.dll and other DirectX issues. This includes Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows XP, and Windows 2000.
Still Having D3dx9_34.dll Issues?
See Get More Help for information about contacting me on social networks or via email, posting on tech support forums, and more. Be sure to let me know the exact d3dx9_34.dll error message that you're receiving and what steps, if any, you've already taken to resolve it.
1. About.com
2. Computing
3. PC Support
4. Troubleshooting Guides
5. Error Messages
6. D
7. How To Fix D3dx9_34.dll is Missing or Not Found Errors
©2014 About.com. All rights reserved.
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| 299
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Protest Of NYC "Rape Cop" Reportedly Lacked Pizazz
According to an article on Gothamist, the people who gathered yesterday to protest the acquittal of the former NYPD officers who were accused of raping a woman inside her East Village apartment in 2008 could've been jazzier:
If anyone looked uncomfortable, it was because of the heat: the protest itself was largely good-natured, if loud, and missing was a palpable sense of anger. Attendees proclaimed to be outraged, but it seemed a proper sort of outrage, a politely civic disapproval out of balance with the gravity of the events that precipitated it.
So basically, Gothamist would give this protest 2.5 stars. It seemed like the protesters were into it, which gave them a few points, but the outrage just didn't seem to 'read' to them.
Maybe next time, more chairs could be thrown or I don't know, something crazy like that. Just something that will make it look more like a 'real' protest and less of a "politely civic disapproval". Because unless protesters are seen as overly emotional nutjobs, what's the point?
But mostly, someone just needs to figure out how to keep these protesters focused on the task at hand, because man were they easily distracted by that heat!:
A small but loud brass band kept the crowd focused, playing renditions of different songs with their lyrics changed for the occasion, including Le Tigre's "Deceptacon" with the words "Here's to the man, the man, the man, the man / Here's to the man and his misogynistic bullshit." After a few middle fingers were thrown in the direction of the bemused and bored court employees, the crowd headed down Centre Street, back to their Memorial Day weekends.
Earlier: NYC Cops' Unbelievable Rape Acquittal Sparks Protest (As It Damn Well Should)
Yesterday's Protest Of "Rape Cop" Acquittals Fails To Tap Rage [Gothamist]
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El Duque
Years later, Livan Hernandez’s journey to the majors still amazes me.
He was earning six dollars a month as an official Cuban athlete in 1995 and decided to quit and defected to the United States.
Fast forward two years later, Hernandez joined the Marlins as a rookie pitcher and ended up starting and winning two games in the World Series to capture the Most Valuable Player award.
Before the final game of the series, his mother Miriam Carreras flew in from Cuba after three weeks of negotiations with the Cuban government that included a written plea signed by all the Marlins players.
Hernandez still remembers that night and that specific moment when he was reunited with his mother:
"That was one of my best moments in my life. The people that did that surprised me good. I talked to my mommy that morning on the phone and in the afternoon I see her in Miami, we hugged and cried and my mommy bring me the luck and I win the World Series. Those two good things happened that day."
Still one of my favorite baseball stories of all-time.
7 notes
1. thisistheshitthatilivefor reblogged this from stevenlebron
2. abaseballlife reblogged this from stevenlebron and added:
Happy Birthday Livan Hernandez!
3. sublime-santeia reblogged this from stevenlebron and added:
Right in the heart … overwhelmed by emotions :’)
4. sourozenci reblogged this from stevenlebron
5. dropgloves reblogged this from stevenlebron
6. speedkills24 reblogged this from stevenlebron
7. stevenlebron posted this
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Benedict XVI resigns the papacy
3Qs with Associate Professor of Religious Studies Elizabeth Bucar
February 12th, 2013
The leader of the Catholic Church, Pope Benedict XVI, shocked the globe on Monday when he announced he would be stepping down as pontiff—the first pope to do so in nearly 600 years. We asked Elizabeth Bucar, an associate professor of religious studies in the Department of Philosophy and Religion, to weigh in on the consequences of this historic move.
Pope Benedict XVI is the first head of the Catholic Church to resign in nearly 600 years. How do you expect the transition of power to differ this time around given the outgoing pope is still alive? Is there any precedent for the kind of role the pontiff might play in his retirement?
The last case of papal resignation is that of Gregory XII, who renounced his claim on the papacy to end what is known as the Western or Papal Schism (1378–1417), when two men simultaneously claimed to be pope. That is hardly a precedent for Monday’s extraordinary announcement that Benedict, because of failing strength of “body and mind,” believed he had become incapable “to adequately fulfill the ministry.” So while we can find in history a handful of other popes who gave up the papacy, only time will tell what role this pontiff might play in the Church going forward.
We are being told that Benedict plans to go into isolation after he steps down and rededicate himself to his theological study and writing. Do not assume this is a sign that he will be less influential in the Church. A serious intellectual, Benedict was the architect of much of the doctrinal and ethical teaching of his predecessor’s papacy and is likely to continue to influence the Catholic Church from behind the scenes if he remains intellectually productive.
We are also being told he will not participate in the Cardinal conclave that will elect his predecessor. But he does not have to be cloistered with the Cardinals to wield influence over that selection. Benedict appointed 67 of the 118 Cardinals who will make the decision of who succeeds him. It takes two-thirds plus one of the 118 voting cardinals to elect a new leader. Do the math and you will see how much influence he already has had over this decision.
Benedict replaced Pope John Paul II, who has been regarded as one of the Catholic Church’s most influential leaders. What kind of legacy does Benedict leave, and what role do you think his resignation will play in shaping that?
Pope John Paul II was a tough act to follow. He was so charismatic, so energetic, so theatrically savvy—a Catholic Ronald Reagan of the 20th century. Many years into Benedict’s papacy my grandmother still referred to John Paul II as “the good pope.” Compare this to Benedict’s most often-used nickname: “God’s Rottweiler.”
To his credit, Benedict never tried to emulate John Paul II’s style of leadership. He never expected someone like my grandmother would warm up to him. And she never did. Neither did liberals or feminists. But conservatives loved him for his unwavering traditional theology. He stood firmly against same-sex marriage, women’s ordination, and artificial contraception. This theological conservatism is certainly one of his legacies.
But I also think he will be most remembered for the extraordinary details of his resignation. To give up such a position of power demonstrates Benedict’s humility, generosity, goodwill, and even his fragility—all of which makes him a moral exemplar for Catholics. Acknowledging his own limitation was also an indirect critique of the institution of the papal office, which assumes once elected a pope will rule for life. In a 2010 interview Benedict went so far as to say that if a pope realizes he is no longer capable of handling the duties of his office he has an obligation to resign. How does this complicate the idea of papal infallibility?
There are sure to be rumors in the coming weeks of why Benedict “really” resigned, rumors of some scandal of which the public is unaware. But I do not buy it. Not this pope. Not the pope who implied Islam is fundamentally violent, who warned of a “dictatorship of relativism,” who remained against women priests, who admitted in his memoir that he was enrolled in the Hitler Youth movement. This Pope is not afraid of controversy. Not God’s Rottweiler. The real reason for his retirement is more human, and that should be part of his legacy as well.
How much does papal transition affect the Catholic Church, its doctrine, and its role in the world? What challenges and issues might we expect the next pope—who is expected to be selected by the College of Cardinals sometime next month—to address?
Papal transition can have an enormous affect on the Catholic Church, both its doctrine and its role in the world. It might be easy to forget this given recent Church history. In terms of doctrine, Benedict’s reign was to a great extent a continuation of John Paul II’s. He is widely seen as a “caretaker pope,” elected to act as a bridge until the next generation of church leadership.
But Benedict was a caretaker because he was elected when he was 78. His resignation is likely to encourage the Cardinals to select a much younger man who could potentially hold the office for decades longer. This new pope will continue to deal with the sex-abuse scandal, priest shortages, diminishing members in the developed world, and tremendous growth in the developing world. The next pope will have to build bridges to other religious communities given the reception of some of Benedict’s comments as attacks on non-Christian religions, especially Islam. The Church might take up more earnestly the ecological and environmental issues facing our planet.
Given the makeup of the Cardinals, the new pope will likely continue Benedict’s conservative theological doctrine. But he will be a much younger man than Benedict and will likely come from outside of Europe. Benedict preached against the Africanization of the faith. What sort of changes would an African pope bring to the Church’s approach to religious globalization and syncretization?
by Matt Collette
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http://www.northeastern.edu/cssh/2013/02/benedict-xvi-resigns-the-papacy/
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->'''Joey:''' ''[running through a script]'' Dude, there's no need to shout.\\
'''Ross:''' ''[still shouting]'' There was just an explosion! My hearing would be impaired!
Guns are loud. In RealLife hearing protection exists for a reason. Exposure to 140 decibels (the loudness of gunfire) can cause [[EarAche pain and permanent hearing loss]]. That's why people at a shooting range typically are required to wear earplugs, with frequent shooters investing a lot into top-notch protection, and that's why deafness is a real occupational hazard among soldiers.
Yet in fiction, even as {{badass}}es are using guns and explosives and outrunning explosions, they don't seem to be affected by the sound at all.
This is an AcceptableBreakFromReality as no one wants to hear about the BadAss losing his hearing from trying to [[OutrunTheFireball outrun a fireball]] or surviving a shootout. And no one wants to see him putting in earplugs or wearing gigantic earmuffs, either. Typically only coward-type characters will cover their ears while anticipating an explosion.
Most "aversions" that involve a character's hearing being affected (and the effect being demonstrated on the other side of the FourthWall) go under ShellShockSilence, the TruthInTelevision version. Note that similar to LawOfInverseRecoil, aversions that don't fall under ShellShockSilence are usually found in comedies.
[[folder: Anime and Manga ]]
* Comically averted in ''Manga/{{Berserk}}'', when Isidro and Puck view a ship battling from its deck. The sound from the cannon fire severely impaired their hearing, [[NoIndoorVoice making them unable of realizing how loud they're talking.]] When the rest of their group is in the middle of one, they cover their ears and Puck is [[{{Hammerspace}} suddenly wearing earplugs.]]
* Averted in ''Manga/CityHunter'' in a funny way, Ryo Saeba use bullets in his ears as earplugs.
** Though rarely seen, this is not unheard of in shooting circles.
* Most of the cast of ''Manga/{{Saikano}}'' have these, but one OrdinaryHighSchoolStudent was nearly deafened by an air raid.
* In the first chapter of ''Manga/{{Gangsta}}'' Worick shoots his gun multiple times ''just an inch or two from Nicolas' head'' without Nic suffering any ill effects. [[JustifiedTrope Of course, Nicolas is deaf.]]
* This was averted towards the end of the first ''Manga/RurouniKenshin'' OVA, where while he chases after Tomoe, Kenshin gets pulled into a series of fights intended to wear him down; the two of these end with trap explosions that blur his vision and deafen his hearing.
* Averted early in ''Manga/{{Toriko}}'' -- Komatsu temporarily ''died'' from the homemade firecrackers Toriko gave him for self-defense due to the volume blowing out his eardrums.
* ''Manga/ACertainScientificRailgun'': Misaka's signature "Railgun" maneuver should by all logic blow out her eardrums from a single firing, but she's never affected. Strangely enough, Kuroko is seen plugging her ears in the first episode when Misaka fires it.
[[folder: Comic Books ]]
* ''ComicBook/XMen'': Kitty Pryde must have these, she's [[IntangibleMan stood at ground zero]] during everything short of a nuclear blast. [[FridgeLogic You'd think]] being intangible would really remove any sense of hearing in the first place, since sound waves have to strike your eardrums before you can hear anything. But her tangibility is controllable; assuming she remembers to do so, she could simply make her ear drums intangible right before the explosion, and solidify them right after.
[[folder: Film ]]
* In ''Film/TrueLies'', Harry fires a bullet past his partner Gibson's face, inside of a vehicle, at a mook coming at them.
* In the 2010 remake of ''Film/TrueGrit'', several characters fire their guns in the air with the cylinder only inches away from their ears.
* ''Film/{{Snatch}}'':
** Averted: Boris the Blade[=/=]Bullet-Dodger[=/=]Sneaky-Fucking-Russian puts ear plugs in before shooting [[spoiler:Frankie Four Fingers]]
** But not with Bullet-Tooth Tony's sustained Desert Eagle shootout.
* The baby in ''Film/ShootEmUp'' spends an entire film having guns fired around and beside him, but barely even cries- in reality, it's pretty certain that'd deafen the poor tyke for life... and maybe it ''has'', right from the start, and that's why it doesn't seem to bother him for the rest of the movie. For what it's worth, the baby can be calmed down with extremely loud heavy metal music.
* ''Film/IronMan1'':
** Played straight during Tony Stark's escape from the prison camp at the beginning. Gun battles are noisy affairs in any case, but when you're walking around inside a metallic echo chamber... (Of course, since he's Tony Stark, he probably found the right parts in that [[MemeticMutation CAVE... WITH A BOX OF SCRAPS!]] to build some kind of sound-damping system.)
** Later in the film, Agent Coulson uses an explosive to open a door. Civilian Pepper Potts covers her ears while Coulson and his fellow SHIELD agents do not. Though it was a small explosion, they may have simply known they wouldn't need to.
** Indirectly supported in the sequel, which has a POV shot of a dazed [[spoiler: Rhodey with his War Machine suit shut down]] accompanied by very muffled audio.
* Happens in ''Film/{{Witness}}''. Creator/HarrisonFord's character kills a corrupt cop by drowning him in grain towards the end. He blows another one away with the shotgun taken from the guy who was buried in the grain.
* Averted in the realistic movie ''Film/BlackHawkDown'', when one character is left mostly deaf for the rest of the movie after a 5.56mm M249 squad automatic weapon is fired from within a foot from his head. Also happened to SPC Nelson in real life, though he was able to recover about 15 hours later.
* Averted in ''Film/TheFugitive'' (1993). When Gerard shoots and kills Copeland (who is holding Deputy Noah Newman hostage), Newman tells Gerard he's suffering partial hearing loss in his ear.
* ''Film/TheUntouchables'':
** The baby in the carriage sequence.
** An aversion occurs in the movie as well oddly enough. When Malone is shot, you can hear a baby in the background crying afterwards.
* Averted in ''Film/ThereWillBeBlood'', where the hero's young son is permanently deafened by the loud noise of an out of control gas eruption in one of his father's derricks.
* Averted In ''Film/TheKingdom'', a female FBI agent falls to the ground in pain when someone fires a .50 calibre machine gun over her head. She expresses worry that it blew out her eardrum, and is temporarily deafened by it.
* Averted in ''Film/CopLand'', in which the sheriff is purposely deafened by a gunshot and the last scene is showed mostly from his perspective of having no hearing.
* Averted in ''Film/TearsOfTheSun'' where one of the [=SEALs=] has obviously had his eardrums [[http://www.imdb.com/media/rm454203392/tt0314353 burst]] from the gunfire.
* ''Film/SavingPrivateRyan'':
** A nearby explosion during the opening amphibious landing and final battle causes [[ShellShockSilence shock and ringing]] in the ears of Creator/TomHanks' character.
** Not only that, but the way they finally find Private Ryan is through information from a soldier whose hearing was damaged by a grenade, and is yelling all the time as a result.
* In the Soviet film ''Film/ComeAndSee'', the protagonist suffers ringing in the ears after the Nazis shell the partisan camp.
* Averted in Jacques Audiard's ''Film/UnProphete''. As the main character is temporarily deafened, the sound of the film is dulled and only the protagonist's voice can be heard loudly and clearly.
* Averted in ''Film/MyFellowAmericans''. When one of the characters fires a handgun he has appropriated from the pilots of their helicopter into their radio, thus ensuring no communication, it results in pain and reprimands from his nearly-deafened companion.
* Averted in ''Film/SweetSweetbacksBaadasssssSong'' where the police try to torture Sweetback's location out of the owner of the brothel where Sweetback lived and worked (information he doesn't have) by firing a pistol right next to his ears, which destroys his hearing.
* Averted at times in 2009 ''Film/SherlockHolmes''. When someone shoots too near to the titular character (and during the explosion of a gunpowder shack), the audience hears what Holmes hears (dampened noises and loud ringing in ears). The aversion doesn't work for ''every'' shot, though.
* Played incredibly straight in the ''Film/{{Kickass}}'' film adaptation, where Dave has the superpower of "not going deaf when firing two Gatling guns on either side of his head". He ''could'' be wearing good earplugs under that cowl.
* Mostly played straight in ''Film/{{Tremors}}'', particularly in the famous rec-room barrage scene. Heather does cover her ears when Burt resorts to the elephant gun, but only to demonstrate that it's even more powerful than the rest of the Gummer arsenal.
** However, there was a fairly long cutaway between when the graboid breaks in and when Burt and Heather are actually shown shooting, during which they could have easily popped in some earplugs, so there's that.
* Touched on in the sequel ''Film/{{Tremors}}: Aftershocks'' as well, when Burt tells the other heroes to cover their ears when he fires off the BFG he is wielding. (He himself has earplugs.)
* Somewhat averted in ''Film/UnderSiege''. Gunfights never cause an issue, but when Tommy Lee Jones' character is walking on the deck of the ship when the heroes fire off a 16 inch main gun, he is shown to be deafened and in pain for a few minutes.
* Played ludicrously straight in ''Film/DoubleJeopardy'', when the protagonist fires a gun ''twice'' while trapped inside a coffin and shows no ill effects, even though in real life, she would have been deafened by the noise.
* Equally ridiculous in the Bond movie ''Film/{{Moonraker}}'', when Bond and Dr. Goodhead escape from underneath a space shuttle. They're only inches away, running through an air vent, yet are completely unaffected by the noise. In real life, not only would they have been left deaf, the noise would probably have been enough to ''kill them''.
* Averted in ''Film/CecilBDemented''; [[SassyBlackWoman Chardonnay]] fires her shotgun at one point while wearing headphones(on the movie, she's in charge of sound), and immediately regrets it.
* Averted in ''Film/TheGunsOfNavarone'' when the guns' loading crews, just before the firing, form up in ranks and ''on order'' cover their ears and open their mouths.
* [[AvertedTrope Averted]] and [[DiscussedTrope discussed]] in ''Film/TheOtherGuys'', along with [[UnflinchingWalk other]] explosion tropes.
* Averted in ''Film/ChildrenOfMen'' when the protagonist is left with ringing ears for a while after a bomb goes off nearby. His former lover and current terrorist/freedom fighter tells him to enjoy that ringing while it lasts, because once it stops he'll never hear that specific frequency again.
* Played straight in ''Film/Terminator2JudgmentDay'', when Sarah is freed from the hospital. She and John are unaffected by a shotgun and pistol being fired in an elevator. In RealLife, Linda Hamilton put her earplugs in incorrectly and suffered permanent hearing damage.
* Averted in ''Film/{{Looper}}'' after Kid Blue has an accidental discharge while GunTwirling his HandCannon; everyone clutches their ears in pain while the gunshot echoes around the room.
* Averted by The Operative in ''Film/{{Serenity}}'' after [[spoiler: Inara's incense turns out to be a disguised flash-bomb]].
* Averted in one scene of 'Rambo'. During the final fight the female missionary who is beside the FriendlySniper cries out and covers hear ears while the fight ensues. Many viewers assume this is simply her reacting to the violence around her. It is in fact due to the noise of the sniper's rifle. Those who have ever been next to an extremely powerful firearm such as a rifle chambered in .50 BMG know that the report coming out of the muzzle is EXTREMELY loud (especially since the weapon includes a muzzle-brake which reduces felt recoil, but effectively turns the volume UpToEleven). To put it into perspective a rifle like that creates a concussion from the muzzle that can be felt on the skin from several yards away. She's not crying out in terror, she's crying out in pain.
* Played straight in ''Film/CharliesAngels'', the angels have stood in front of huge explosions and get back up with out hearing problems.
* In ''Film/{{Dredd}}'', Ma-Ma stands in the midst of several [[MoreDakka miniguns]] that she and her minions are firing to take down ComicBook/JudgeDredd, but her hearing is perfectly fine afterwards. She still maintains her intimidating whisper throughout the rest of the film.
[[folder: Literature ]]
* Generally averted in ''Literature/{{Duumvirate}}'', but played somewhat straight for the superhuman title characters who can also [[GoodThingYouCanHeal regenerate]] hearing damage.
* There is a simultaneous aversion and straight use of this trope in ''Literature/{{Utopia}}'' by Lincoln Child. In the end, [[spoiler:Dr. Warne, the temporary BadassBookworm kills a terrorist using a fireworks mortar as an improvised bazooka and stops the terrorist's armored truck by using his pet robot, which is carrying about 10 pounds of flash powder, as a suicide bomber]]. He is mentioned as suffering from bleeding ears afterwards but other than that, there seems to be no permanent damage. Realistically, noise of that magnitude should have rendered him permanently deaf almost instantly.
* Averted in ''Literature/ATaleOfTwoCities'', where [[spoiler:Miss Pross]] goes deaf from a gunshot.
* Averted in LoisMcMasterBujold's ''[[Literature/VorkosiganSaga Barrayar]]''. Aral and Kou are both temporarily deafened after a near miss from a grenade in an assassination attempt.
* Averted in the ''Literature/GauntsGhosts'' novel ''Necropolis'', where a number of minor characters were permanently deafened by explosions.
* Oddly, in the first book in the ''Literature/GauntsGhosts'' series, a number of soldiers from the same regiment were deafened in the exact same way, also "permanently", but the medical procedure for repairing the damage was quick and simple.
* Averted in the ''Literature/ArtemisFowl'' series, where the professional gunmen always have earplugs handy if they expect to get into a fight. Artemis picks up on this habit and equips himself and Butler with [[GreenRocks elvish technology]] earplugs that seal their ears from sudden loud noises (such as, say, their own sonic grenade trap).
* ''Franchise/StarWarsExpandedUniverse'':
** Comes up in a book in the ''Literature/XWingSeries''. Two of the Wraiths, Wedge Antilles and Kell Tainer, kill a probe droid using explosives and are deaf/semideaf for a while afterward, although their hearing returns slowly before the mission is over. It doesn't seem to have caused them problems later on. Of course, this is the Franchise/StarWarsExpandedUniverse. They probably have medical technology for that.
** Also averted in ''TheNewRebellion''. After some bombs go off in the Senate chamber, Leia is deaf for a few days, until she's had some medical treatment. During that period, she lipreads.
* Lampshaded and justified in the Creator/TomClancy novel ''[[Literature/JackRyan Without Remorse]]''. Before he begins his RoaringRampageOfRevenge, John Kelly does some quick practice with his .45 pistol. He considers hearing protection, but then decides not to... since he's just modified it with a suppressor and needs to see how well it works. Also occurs with later with a suppressed CAR-15 for the same reason. He also forgoes ear protection when practicing with the pistol without the silencer, but only when outdoors and in private. After being through a couple of tours of duty in a warzone, plinking a few cans with a .45 probably won't make much difference.
* In Creator/JohnVarley's short story "[[Literature/EightWorlds In the Bowl]]", one of the main characters laments that since they were going on a trip with well known exploding crystals in the area, they were foolish to forget to pack extra ear drums (this being the future when replacing your parts is easy).
* Averted in ''A is for Alibi'', the first book in Sue Grafton's KinseyMillhone series. The protagonist shoots someone from inside a garbage can and is temporarily deafened. Later books reveal that the ringing didn't go away for weeks, and her ears never fully recover.
* Averted in ''Literature/TheHunchbackOfNotreDame'' by Creator/VictorHugo - Quasimodo eventually goes deaf from near-constant exposure to the huge cathedral bells. Frollo teaches him sign language so he can cope. The trope is played completely straight in the Disney movie, however.
* Averted in ''Literature/TheHungerGames'' by Suzanne Collins, when the protagonist, Katniss, is deafened in one ear by an explosion and worries that it may be permanent. [[spoiler: It's repaired after she wins the games.]]
* Averted in ''Cursor's Fury'' of the ''Literature/CodexAlera'' series.. Tavi's eardrums burst after he's struck by magic lightning due to the air pressure difference. His life was saved by a [[FriendlyFireproof bloodstone]], but his ears were less fortunate. Played straight later (after a long stint in the healing tub) when they hit him again and he's expecting it; he keeps his mouth open to stop the pressure from blowing his ears out. (It's apparently a common problem among novice fliers, so people knew how to combat it)
* Both averted and justified in ''Literature/MercyThompson''. Mercy is deafened by the blast and has to wait for her hearing to return, but the werewolves' super healing factor means that they hardly notice any inconvenience.
* Averted (sort of) in ''Literature/TheLionTheWitchAndTheWardrobe''. Aslan warns Lucy and Susan to plug their ears before he lets out a huge roar. Slightly damaging the realism is the statement that while Lucy has her fingers in her ears, she can't hear ''anything.'' (Plugging her ears should have damped the noise but not blocked it out entirely.)
* Sometimes averted in ''Literature/{{Dragonback}}''. Firing machine guns don't seem loud enough to hurt - though admittedly this ''is'' the far future - but there's a point in ''Dragon and Soldier'' where something explodes and at first Jack can't even hear his own voice.
* Averted in ''Literature/TheElenium'' during the Battle of Chyrellos. Berit is up in the bell tower of a church keeping watch when a siege machine sends a rock his way. He avoids being hit, but the rock hits the giant bells, causing them all to start ringing. A few minutes later, he is shouting at Sparhawk in the relatively quiet aftermath because he can't hear anything but the ringing. Played straight as well in that a few days later, he shows no signs of permanent hearing loss.
* Pretty much averted in the ''Literature/{{Sharpe}}'' series, where characters usually take time to recover their hearing following battle, and it is occasionally mentioned that battle-hardened characters have permanently (though mildly) damaged hearing.
* Averted in ''Discworld/{{Monstrous Regiment}}'' following the squad's flour-bombing of the kitchen, with their guards lying flat out, stunned and deafened, banging the sides of their heads with their hands, etc.
[[folder: Live Action TV ]]
* ''Series/CriminalMinds''
** Averted in the episode where Hotch is deafened by the explosion of an SUV near him and remains partially deaf for some episodes later (notably, he is present at a shoot-out - when the guns start firing, he goes down screaming in pain).
** Also lampshaded in a later episode, where the Agents are driving around decked out with [=MP5=] submachine guns in anticipation of a major shootout. Hotch tells Rossi "Try not to shoot that inside the car", to which Rossi remarks "You mean, try not to deafen you?" "Exactly." A few minutes and one ATV-riding, heavy machinegun-equipped unsub later, Morgan and Prentiss show up in an SUV and Morgan shoots the unsub right through his own SUV's window. Prentiss lambasts him for blowing away her eardrums.
* Averted in ''Series/TheSopranos'' when mobster Gigi Cestone shoots someone at point blank range in a car; the audience knows he feels it when he curses in pain and covers his ears.
* Averted in ''Series/EarlyEdition''. The plot of one of the episodes is that Gary can't hear things because he was too close of an explosion.
* Averted in an episode of ''Series/WalkerTexasRanger'', where one of his sidekicks loses his hearing after being near an explosion (What? Did you think such a thing would happen to ChuckNorris himself?). He eventually undergoes an operation that restores his hearing, but not before [[VerySpecialEpisode spending time at a school for deaf children]].
* Played with in ''Series/{{Friends}}'' when Ross and Phoebe are rehearsing scenes with Joey for a ''Film/JamesBond'' type movie. A big bang goes off, and the following exchange occurs:
--> '''Ross:''' THAT'D BE A NEAT TRICK WHEN YOU'RE ''(checks lines)'' WHEN YOU'RE DEAD!!
-->'''Joey:''' Dude, there's no need to shout.
--> '''Ross:''' There's just been an explosion, my hearing would be impaired!
** Averted in the final episode, when Father Mulcahe goes deaf after being too close to a shell explosion. It's [[PlayedForDrama played for all the drama]] it's worth.
** Averted again in an episode where Klinger goes temporarily deaf. When his hearing comes back, Potter says "Too bad your hearing came back. Otherwise, you'd be discharged." Klinger (who will do anything to get out of the Army) says "Huh? What did you say?"
* The ''Series/{{Lost}}'' episode "LA X" invokes ShellShockSilence by muting soundtrack is muted and a faint whining sound played over it to represent some characters having trouble hearing...but for a couple of minutes, in the aftermath of a ''nuclear explosion''? Not quite enough to get it bumped off this page.
* ''Series/CSIMiami'':
** Averted in an episode where an explosion in a Meth Lab gives Natalia hearing loss, some of which may be permanent. More, her unwillingness to admit to it has an impact on events later in the season.
** And yet, played all too straight by Horatio Kane, who finds himself walking calmly away from a massive explosion at least twice per season.
* Simultaneously averted ''and'' played straight in an episode of the 90's ''{{Zorro}}'' revival: Having caught Don Diego's servant Felipe listening in on their plans, and told it's OK as he's deaf, one bad guy fires his huge musket right beside his ear -- at which point another bad guy who was close by mutters "And now I am [deaf] too!" The kicker? Felipe (common to most versions of this character) is only ''pretending'' to be deaf, and while he passes the gunshot test, when he's rescued by Zorro a few short hours later he's clearly hearing him normally.
* Averted in ''The Box'' in ''Series/{{Fringe}}''. Peter needed to disarm a device that kills by sound, so he was was deliberately deafened by firing a gun next to both ears.
* Averted in the premiere of ''Series/TheWalkingDead'', when Rick kills a zombie within the close confines of a tank. The blast is so loud, he's stunned by the shock and pain.
* Averted in ''Series/TheOffice'', as Andy's eardrum is burst [[IJustShotMarvinInTheFace by Dwight discharging a gun near him.]]
* Averted AND played straight (at the same time no less) on the classic ''Series/MissionImpossible'', in "The Frame". While conning a meeting of the "Syndicate", Rollin Hand pretends to be deaf so he can eavesdrop on the meeting. Naturally, noone believes he's deaf so one of the bigger bosses fires a gun right next to his ear. Rollin doesn't even flinch and makes it all the way back to the kitchen and the safety of the other agents before freaking out in pain (and it takes him obvious time to recover physically).[[note]]If a deaf person wasn't deaf because of no eardrums, the rupturing eardrum would still hurt like crazy.[[/note]]
[[folder: Role Playing Games ]]
* ''Roleplay/DinoAttackRPG'' usually plays this trope straight, though notably averted it when Hertz was deafened by a missile explosion during the FinalBattle.
[[folder: Video Games ]]
* Played straight in ''VideoGame/BrutalLegend'', in which your weapon is UpToEleven Music/HeavyMetal.
* FirstPersonShooter games will either have this or use ShellShockSilence effects depending on where it falls on the Sliding Scale of Realism Versus Playability. Most "realistic" military shooters use some form of ShellShockSilence effect. That said, SteelEardrums may be excusable in games with characters in the military (or otherwise knowing beforehand that they're going to be around gunshots), as it can be assumed they'd know enough to wear earplugs.
** The ''Advanced Combat Environment'' (ACE) mod for ''VideoGame/{{ARMA}} II'' includes hearing damage. Earplugs are mandatory equipment when playing on servers with the mod enabled. Small caliber arms (eg. 5.56mm NATO rounds) won't cause audible ringing. However, heavier caliber (7.62mm NATO or higher) weapons, explosions, and vehicle mounted weapons fire will very quickly result in a loud ringing sound (think tinnitus) that can take some time to dissipate. The mod greatly expands on realistic hazards of the battlefield environment, from blurry vision and coughing when near a helicopter without eye protection, to deadly overpressure zones surrounding a Main Battle Tank's main gun firing.
* Being too close to an explosion in ''VideoGame/{{Half-Life 2}}'' will result in ShellShockSilence, along with physical damage. Guns however, are unaffected.
* ''VideoGame/UnchartedDrakesFortune'', also limits it to explosions.
* ''VideoGame/{{FEAR}}''
* ''MedalOfHonor: Airborne''
* Justified in ''Franchise/MassEffect'': All of your weapons are essentially rail/coil guns firing rounds the size of a grain of sand. Even with the bits of metal reaching relativistic speeds, there's probably not a loud '''BANG''' to accompany each round being fired. Explosions still dampen sound when you're hit.
* ''[[VideoGame/BattlefieldBadCompany Battlefield: Bad Company 2]]''
* ''VideoGame/{{Battlefield 3}}'' makes a stab towards this; when you shoot outdoors, your gunshots are loud, but manageable. If you shoot inside confined spaces, the gunshots are louder and drown out ambient noise.
* Averted in the finale of ''VideoGame/CallOfCthulhuDarkCornersOfTheEarth'', where deafening yourself with the blast of the {{BFG}} is used to solve the last puzzle and defeat the LoadBearingBoss. Played straight for the rest of the game, though, although madness-effects sometimes distort the audio throughout the game, as well.
* Old {{Sierra}} AdventureGame ''VideoGame/PoliceQuest 2'' requires you to go to the target range and adjust the sights on your gun to improve your accuracy. While there, you're required to wear ear protectors, or you get HaveANiceDeath when you blow out your ear drums. At one point in the game (at the Cove), it's possible to fire your gun once (twice results in another HaveANiceDeath from insanity), at which point the narrator/character will comment, "WOW, that was loud."
* In ''VisualNovel/{{Policenauts}}'', characters recommend Jonathan use hearing protectors on the range. While you get a different conversation afterwards where he complains that his ears are ringing, it causes no lasting effects, and in the actual game he can fire his gun freely without worrying about ear damage.
* ''VideoGame/{{Vindictus}}'' has explosive barrels in some areas, which if you are too close when they explode, you lose your hearing for a few seconds.
* Mostly played straight in ''VideoGame/SuperSmashBrosBrawl'', where explosions and other loud noises are commonplace and nobody reacts to anything but the hitboxes. In ''one'' aversion, however, [[VideoGame/MetalGearSolid Snake]] will duck and cover his ears if one of his grenades explodes sufficiently close to him.
* Averted in ''VideoGame/MonsterHunter'', some of the monsters' roars are so loud that your hunter can't help but cover his ears (which leaves him defenseless for a few seconds), however, there is a skill known as "earplugs" to counter this, as well as High Grade Earplugs for monsters with roars even more deafening. Some monsters are also very weak again "sonic bombs"
* [[PlayingWithATrope Played with]] in a mission in ''VideoGame/GrandTheftAutoSanAndreas''. CJ and Catalina chase after redneck bank-robbers on a quad. CJ's driving, Catalina's shooting while sitting behind him. CJ keeps on berating her shooting right next to his ears, even saying at one point that he thinks he's gone deaf. However, he suffers no hearing loss whatsoever, and all other instances of people being gunners in/on the same vehicle as him go without any mention from him. (The difference between Catalina and all other instances is that [[AxeCrazy Catalina is a lot more trigger-happy than the others are]].)
* Averted with flashbangs in the ''VideoGame/RainbowSix'' series, which cause ShellShockSilence and temporary blindness to the player character (although this doesn't affect AI-controlled characters), but played straight with guns and frag grenades.
* ''VideoGame/DawnOfWar'': The Imperial Guard's artillery unit is crewed by two guys, who cover their ears whenever firing, suggesting they don't have ear protection. Of course, the Imperial Guard is the faction that considers its soldiers to be worth less than the equipment they carry...
* In the opening of ''VideoGame/KaneAndLynch: Dead Men'', Lynch frees a barely conscious Kane from his handcuffs by firing at the chain with a ''shotgun'' about a ''foot'' away from his ears. In the real world, Kane would likely be permanently deafened as a result.
* In the latter half of ''VideoGame/StillLife2'' Vic sets off a few pounds of C4 literally ten feet away in a concrete-enclosed hallway with no apparent ill effects.
[[folder: Web Comics ]]
* Mr. Mighty of ''Webcomic/EverydayHeroes'' can break up a family argument with a [[http://www.webcomicsnation.com/eddurd/everydayheroes/series.php?view=single&ID=80793 snap of his fingers]]. However, his super-powered daughter is immune to the resulting sonic boom.
[[folder: Web Original ]]
* Parodied in the {{Machinima}} series ''Machinima/FreemansMind'', in which the titular character fires a gun in an air vent and promptly receives massive pain and a high pitched keeling, followed by him whining about how he's going to end up deaf at this rate.
* Averted in the ''Roleplay/SurvivalOfTheFittest'' Mini "The Program" with Matt Gourlay a number of times; almost everything he does in the compound takes place in the warehouse, and every time a gun is fired at him (or he fires at someone) he's left deaf, with a headache, and blind from the muzzle flash in a dark building. When [[spoiler: John Ferrara steals his gun and kills him]], even shooting one round outside causes him to lose some hearing; while practicing at the firing range afterward, it's noted that his hearing had not fully recovered and the subsequent shots seemed quieter.
* Interestingly, the man who goes by the name FPS Russia follows the vast majority of gun safety regulations to an admirable degree. That said he very infrequently wears ear protection, though well-concealed earplugs are a possibility. This includes during such instances as [[MoreDakka firing fully automatic submachine guns]] at [[StuffBlowingUp explosive targets]], or [[GunsAkimbo dual-wielding]] AA-12 shotguns.
* WebVideo/TheNostalgiaCritic plays this straight and subverts it for RuleOfFunny. Shooting his gun wildly in a small space doesn't give him any problems, but wookie noises and high-pitched teenagers produce visible blood.
* Intentionally averted in one ''GlobalGuardiansPBEMUniverse'' story. Knowing that he was the last of his team still standing, and knowing that the villain had sonic mind-control powers, Arsenal (a gun-toting superhero whose powers were ImprobableAimingSkills) intentionally fired his guns off next to his head, not only deafening himself but rendering him immune to the villain's powers. Later stories revealed that the hearing damage had become permanent, and that Arsenal had started using hearing aids.
[[folder: Western Animation ]]
* In ''WesternAnimation/TheSimpsons'', Marge worries that the "Spinal Taps" will play too loud and damage Bart's hearing. Homer mocks this because he went to lots of rock concerts and his hearing is just fine. Cut to Homer's perspective: Marge's lips move in almost total silence accompanied by a gentle "Eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee"
* Subverted in ''WesternAnimation/TheBoondocks'', where, to highlight what an imbecile he is, Ed Wuncler III always forgets to put in his earplugs before an attempted heist, frequently damaging his ears when he fires his shotgun.
* The animated movie of ''Disney/TheHunchbackOfNotreDame'' plays this totally straight - while in the novel Quasimodo goes deaf after long exposure to the bells of Notre Dame, in the movie, nothing stops him from bursting into [[CrowningMusicOfAwesome wonderful melodious song]] on a regular basis.
* Averted in ''WesternAnimation/{{Archer}}'', as people (usually Archer) getting [[HollywoodHealing temporary]] hearing loss from gunshots or explosion when they forget their earplugs is a RunningGag, to the point that Archer thinks he may be developing tinnitus.
** In one episode, Lana drives the point home when Archer's flirting with an attractive actress on the firing range without ear protection.
** In another, both she and Archer are deafened when he mistakes a frag grenade for a smoke grenade, and can only talk to one another after they pay a visit to Lana's ear, nose and throat doctor.
-->'''Archer''': Seriously, I have to sleep with a fan on.
** Bizarrely, Archer seems to be experience permanent hearing loss that somehow has become purely beneficial: he was able to repeatedly fire off a gun in someone's face to get them to agree to his terms, while noting he barely even hears the same sounds, [[RuleOfFunny yet he's never shown to suffers from inability to hear regular sounds.]]
* Averted on one occasion in the ''WesternAnimation/SouthPark'' episode "Imaginationland Part 1" when the terrorists blow up part of Imanginationland and shoot characters, we then cut to a scene of total silence in a shoutout to "Saving Private Ryan" as destruction and bloodshed occurs, then Kyle makes his way to find Stan and we hear ringing as Stan's hearing is coming back.
[[folder: Real Life ]]
* Gunners in the British Army are issued ear defenders to protect from the sound of the chonking big gun going off when you're stood right next to it - but they make it hard to hear orders, so they generally only cover one ear permanently during fire missions.
* Actor Tim Barlow, while serving in the British Army, was left profoundly deaf from firing a high-powered rifle.
* Modern earplugs that can allow different amounts of sound into the ear via switches are issued for 21st century US ground troops (and presumably others). However, many soldiers prefer to leave them out and risk eardrum damage if it means a better chance of hearing something that happens to be both quiet and vital to his or her survival, not to mention it's one less piece of kit to hassle with in a warzone. Colonel Kathy Gates, audiology consultant to the US Army surgeon general, stated in an [[http://www.armytimes.com/news/2009/09/army_ear_protection_090509w/ Army Times article ]] that soldiers who wear the issued earplugs properly are protected from most hearing damage.
* Orchestras:
** In orchestras players who sit in front of the trumpet section are issued earplugs because if you sit in front of any decent trumpeter, when the music gets loud and/or intense, ''you face the very real threat of having your eardrums ruptured.''
** Some orchestras will put pieces of plexiglass between the brass players (especially trumpets and French horns) and those who sit in front of them. In a decent concert hall, it will make no difference to the sound in the audience, but it can help keep your bassoonist from being deafened when the horns play "[[UpToEleven Bells Up]]."
* Creator/WilliamShatner and Creator/LeonardNimoy both suffer from tinnitus because of standing too close to explosions going off on ''Series/{{Star Trek|The Original Series}}'', as did the late [=DeForest=] Kelly. The last specifically from the FX explosions at the beginning of "Arena".
* Creator/DannyElfman suffers similarly from hearing loss due to his days in Music/OingoBoingo.
* Many rock and roll musicians, especially from the days before it was common practice to include earplugs. Special mention though to Pete Townsend of Music/TheWho, who is now nearly completely deaf as a result of being too close to Keith Moon's drumkit when he blew it up, and Roger Daltrey says that his and Pete's respective hearing losses began in opposite ears because they were facing each other at the time it exploded. And all that guitar as well...
** This is the reason that drummers and guitarists generally wear some kind of ear protection while practicing or rehearsing (and during modern studio recording which isn't being videotaped/recorded, a commonly used trick is the aforementioned switch earplugs or to wear earmuffs that are combined with headphones - that reduce the sound allowed in to a non-damaging level - IF the band is rich enough to afford either, which a lot of starting bands aren't). The only problem is that none of these tricks (short of the earplugs, for a drummer who isn't very visible) work onstage and in recorded studio lives, meaning that while ''some'' hearing damage is lessened (because it is cumulative, and every little bit you can reduce helps) most hard rock / heavy metal musicians will end up with ''some'' by their 40 s or 50 s unless they take long breaks or are just very, very lucky. Singers are the worst affected because they usually can't wear ear protection even while practicing or rehearsing ''and'' their own voice can even do the damage (as with Kyo of Music/DirEnGrey, who ruptured an eardrum with his own screams). Bassists are next, as they generally can't wear ear protection during rehearsal since they have to keep time with the drummer - which also puts them closest to the loudest and most likely to cause said damage part of your average band short of standing directly in front of a guitar amp or a [[Music/{{Kyo}} particularly]] [[Music/DevinTownsend loud]] screamer's face.
* A real-life aversion of this can be seen with astute observation while attending an air-show. When the military jets do their low and fast-fly overs, one will notice children in the audience often cover their ears. Unlike the adults, who by that point have sustained enough cumulative hearing loss that the sound does not hurt their ears. Thanks, loud music.
** Also at race tracks, especially the "minor-league"[[note]]for lack of a better term[[/note]] tracks where you're only a few yards from the track. Those cars are ''loud''.
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iPod Touch is Apples New Smartphone?
John Sukowaty 09/19/2010 0
Apparently Apple cannot just let a product be just be a product for too long before some sort of change has to be made. We get to see new iPods, iPhones and iPads every single year, so why not some new technology that would actually allow a user to make calls from their iPod Touch?
A new patent, reported by PatentlyApple, shows that Apple has applied for an accessory that could allow the iPod Touch to make phone calls. Ultimately making the new iPod Touch a smartphone. Tons of apps and the ability to make phone calls is pretty much all you need right? Or is it a necessity that you have a tip calculator built in as well?
It would be hard to believe anyone that said the family of iPods are done evolving, but the way Apple is, you might see a new product with one additional feature every year until the end of time. That way you can see more marketing, more products, more money and more reasons to wait that additional year until the “next big thing” comes out.
There was also a report that Apple applied for a patent that would allow a device like the iPhone to connect to two different mobile networks at the same time. I cannot wait until this thing launches, but would it make people camp outside Apple stores to buy it? We’ll have to wait and see.
Leave A Response »
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The Administration Refreshes Its Push for a Major Infusion of Funds into the National Rail Program
» The Obama Administration hopes to invest almost $40 billion in new and improved passenger rail infrastructure over the next five years. Good luck getting that through Congress.
It’s an annual spectacle. The President releases his budget. The budget proposes a huge expansion in spending on surface transportation, particularly in high-speed rail. Administration figures testify on Capitol Hill, hoping to raise the specter of infrastructure failure if nothing is done. The Congress responds lackadaisically, with Democrats arguing that something should be done and Republicans doing everything they can to prevent a cent more from being spent, and ultimately no one agrees to much of anything other than a repetition of the past year’s mediocre investments.
Will things be different this year?
The question is particularly relevant because the U.S. Government’s rail investment program — its authorization for allocating funds to the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) will expire this year. Legislation supporting the FRA, as well as Amtrak, the national passenger rail corporation, and improvements to freight rail, is necessary to ensure continuity of funding. Previous bills have authorized funding over five-year increments. In effect, the bills set out how much Congress expects to expend over the next few years, and allows the House and Senate to avoid debating the issue for years at a time.
The Obama Administration has responded to situation by proposing a massive infusion of funds for passenger rail and the creation of a “National High-Performance Rail System.”
In many ways, the Administration’s bill is similar to past attempts at legislating major increases in funding for rail. In 2011, for instance, the government promoted a $53 billion plan to “win the future” with rail lines funded across the country. Yet Congresspeople reacted to the proposal with little interest — and members didn’t have to, because there was no authorization bill expiring. That’s what makes this year different.
The Administration’s proposal practically boils with ambition. Grants for new and improved rail lines would be heavily oriented (70 to 85%) towards “core express” alignments, which include only corridors where electric trains operating hourly at speeds of 125 mph and above run on their own, dedicated tracks. This says a lot about the Administration’s interest in focusing its energies on the “true” high-speed corridors, which at this time are only in development for California and the Northeast.
Grants in the proposal’s “rail service improvement program” would add up to $3.66 billion in the first year of activity but grow significantly over the course of five years, eventually reaching more than $6 billion a year. This would provide a substantial base of funds for serious rail projects.
But the initial allocations of funds would also ensure support for current rail lines. $2.7 billion in the first year of allocations would be dedicated to operating subsidies and projects that bring the Northeast Corridor to a state of good repair by 2025. Operating funds for Amtrak’s long-distance trains would be maintained, but those for state-supported (short-corridor) train lines would be eliminated after five years, in line with the existing law, to be replaced by profitable operations or more state support (or elimination). Amtrak’s fleet, which is on average 27.7 years old, would be upgraded, particularly in the Northeast, by 2018.
Some funding would also be provided for expanding freight capacity, reducing congestion (such as in the Chicago area), implementing Positive Train Control (which theoretically prevents trains from running into one another), and expanding access for the disabled. Much of the support would be dedicated to corridors owned by private freight rail companies.
All of the funds the Administration has proposed for an expansion of passenger rail service would do wonders for the nation’s train network. Yet even $40 billion committed over the next five years would hardly make a dent in the cost of the California High-Speed Rail project ($70-100 billion) and a new, high-speed Northeast Corridor ($150-200 billion). If the government committed similar funds over the course of five-year increments into the future, it would take a minimum of 27.5 years to complete these projects alone, with no spending on anything else. That’s 2041 before there’s true high-speed service on both coasts — at the earliest!
It’s true, of course, that any investment in new rail service will require financial and planning aid from local stakeholders, and these projects could be completed far more quickly if they were infused with local and state funds (as is the case in California).
Between Boston and Washington, the Northeast Corridor Infrastructure and Operations Advisory Commission (NEC Commission) is tasked with developing a framework for allocating costs along the corridor. As part of that program, it has created a document that demonstrates the rail line’s critical needs and it will be looking to help Amtrak and the states better coordinate their contributions to the line.
If upgrades are going to be made to the line, it will be necessary to ensure that states along the corridor all benefit, and that they all contribute. Determining the best way for them to do that is an incredibly important task that has yet to be fully laid out. Should New Jersey, for instance, aid Amtrak in paying for a new line, if that clears capacity for New Jersey Transit’s commuter rail division? Should Delaware contribute to the cost of a new corridor if no fast trains stop in the state? How much should the states and cities along the line pay to run local trains down the intercity tracks? Before any serious aid is provided to the Northeast, there must be an agreed-upon system for Northeastern stakeholders to answer these questions.
If the FRA reauthorization provided increasing funds to a better managed railroad, assuming increasing funding from other sources (presumably including private players), there is reason to think that Obama’s program could provide substantial improvements to the nation’s foremost passenger rail corridor.
Ultimately, however, the question of whether the Administration’s proposal has any technical merit is irrelevant when there is no political backing for an increase in appropriations for rail service in the United States.
The White House’s claim that its reauthorization would be “paid for” is, quite frankly, a specious argument. To pay for infrastructure, the government wants to use money (“savings generated by capping Overseas Contingency Operations”) that it “would have spent” on foreign wars but that is no longer necessary because the country is pulling out of Iraq and Afghanistan. Yet when the government is operating with a massive deficit, it’s hard to argue that that money is being shifted from one government use to another. It’s debt, pure and simple.
There are plenty of reasons to argue about the benefits of deficit spending, particularly in the midst of the continued recession, but let’s at least be honest about where the money is coming from.
There was an alternative — the Administration could have proposed a new source of revenue to pay for the program, such as an expansion in the fuel tax or the creation of a vehicle-miles travelled fee. That’s needed all sorts of transportation: The Congressional Budget Office reported last week that the Transportation Trust Fund (sourced from fuel taxes) will have a more than $90 billion shortfall by 2023 (and be operating in a deficit by 2015), imperiling any new spending on highways or urban transit.
Yet the Obama White House has shown itself hostile to any tax increase program that would affect lower- and middle-class families, and the Congress has certainly not pushed back with its own proposals. Thus the use of money “that would have” been spent on the wars to pay for the new transportation proposals. With little interest in increasing deficit spending, unfortunately, that proposal, too, is likely to go nowhere. The status quo will be reinforced.
This is a particularly sad state of affairs because the need is there, particularly in the Northeast. The FRA is currently developing a rail investment plan for the Corridor through a public consultation process, and a preliminary alternatives report was released this month, indicating a series of at least possible improvements. Amtrak, too, is desperately pushing for funds, arguing in recent weeks that the Corridor is suffering from an “investment crisis.”
Moreover, many Republicans in Congress have argued repeatedly that they are interested in funding improved rail service on the Northeast Corridor. Former House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure Chair John Mica (R-FL) said in 2011 that “We have to redirect our efforts to having at least one success in high-speed rail in the nation. And that high-speed rail success needs to be here in the Northeast Corridor.” Though he didn’t propose any specific way to pay for those improvements, his interest is indicative of the GOP’s willingness to compromise. (And indeed, current Committee Chair Bill Shuster also has been a supporter of Amtrak.)
Perhaps the Administration’s policies should recognize this? On the other hand, the government clearly has no interest in shutting out three-fourths of the nation from rail grants.
Anthony Foxx, who will be nominated as the government’s next Secretary of the Department of Transportation this week, has proven to be a strong supporter of rail transportation in his position as mayor of Charlotte. But his ability to promote the Administration’s rail reauthorization bill has yet to be proven. Current DOT Secretary Ray LaHood, formerly a Republican Congressman from rural Illinois, has failed to produce bipartisan consensus in favor of more transportation investment over the past four years. How can Mr. Foxx, a strong urban Democrat, do so? The House remains controlled by the GOP and the Senate may shift in that direction after next year’s midterms.
There’s a lot to be excited about the rail reauthorization bill the Administration has proposed, but there is more to be skeptical of. We have a long way to go before there is solid support in Washington for more spending on rail transportation.
66 Comments | Leave a Reply »
• Jim
“Good luck getting that through Congress.”
There is an alternative. If the Administration were actually serious about funding major passenger rail upgrades and if it were willing to have Amtrak rather than the States implement them, then it could use residual TARP funds, which have already been appropriated: Amtrak would issue $40B (or whatever) worth of securities which Treasury would buy, just as General Motors issued $50B worth of securities which Treasury bought when Obama was saving the automobile industry using TARP.
There would presumably need to be a plan for Amtrak to spend the money, coordinated with FRA and the affected States and freight railroads, prior to the actual funding transaction. State contributions (and State-sponsored corridor operations made possible by the upgrades) could be negotiated as part of that plan.
There are, I believe, on the order of $100B TARP funds which were appropriated but never spent. Republican Senators have warned that Obama should not use those as a “slush fund”, but it’s unclear what, if anything, they could do if he did use them to fund what has always been claimed as one of his policy priorities.
• We’re talking about people who still keep the filibuster on the books. Creative use of past legislation to run around Congress isn’t how they’re used to working.
• Nathanael
Yep. As long as the unconstitutional 60-vote rule (so-called “filibuster”) remains in place, you know that a majority of the US Senate does not WANT the government to function.
• tbert
My understanding was that the deadline for repurposing TARP funds without Congressional consent had passed, and the Treasury website seems to corroborate that: “The authority to make new commitments under TARP expired on October 3, 2010.”[1]
If that’s not the case, I’d love to know.
[1] (under the “read more” button)
• Nathanael
The Federal Reserve has unlimited funding abilities (it can print money), and after the TARP law, basically no restrictions on how it spends its money.
However, the Obama administration is completely unwilling to consider doing anything which hints of “outside the Beltway” thinking, even to deal with crises which threaten the survival of the human race (such as global warming). So expect Obama to do absolutely nothing. It’s not clear that he gives a damn.
• tbert
That’s handwaving-ish negativity more or less for the sake of bitching; under what authority does the President 1) order the Fed, as an agency with heads appointed by but independent of the federal gov’t, to do anything? 2) to use money appropriated by Congress for a period of time which has, as the link I provided above, expired?
There’s a process by which budgets are created and monies disbursed; the President is not a dictator and cannot do so by fiat. If you want movement, bitch to your Congressional representatives (which I have done); it’s not clear that bitching on the interweb is worth a goddamn.
• Nathanael
The President, in fact, IS a dictator and CAN do so by fiat. I don’t like it, but that is the world we live in and people should get used to it.
Perhaps you haven’t noticed that the President currently claims the right to order “targeted killings” (i.e. assassinations) of American citizens without any judicial or legislative oversight whatsoever.
This is the key power of a dictator.
• Nathanael
This is what makes Presidential claims of powerlessness so ludicrous.
He’s already claiming the right to just murder people. That means he can do damn near anything.
(Someone objects? They’re “terrorists” and he can subject them to “targeted killings”.)
He has the power, much though I wish he did NOT have the power.
Where he chooses to use the power is telling, as it shows what he actually cares about. Murdering Muslims in foreign countries, he cares about. Protecting big oil companies, he cares about. Protecting criminal bankers, he cares about. Transportation, he doesn’t care about.
• Adirondacker12800
Funding transportation he cares about. He signed the legislation removing air traffic control from the sequester didn’t he? But hasn’t been talking about what the sequester is doing to things like unemployment benefits. Or chemotherapy drugs. Or HeadStart. or….
• tbert
Jesus Christ, man; not everything is the apocalypse.
This was supposed to be a discussion concerning whether or not TARP funds are available for the President to spend domestically, and descended into a non-sequiter concerning the expansion of drone programs outside of the country.
For the record, I’d likely agree with you concerning the issues raised by that (although the fact that it exists at all, and was essentially begun in the 2 administrations preceding his mean that blame is shared by many). But to lay out the powers that have been acceded to the President, for good or ill, to prosecute military actions outside the borders of the US alongside the constitutionally-framed process for disbursing tax monies is utterly ludicrous.
Take a breath, and figure out what in which context each of these is happening, and ask whether or not different rules are applied.
• Woody
Yes. I admire Nathaniel’s contributions to this site and others.
But sorry, this has gone waaay off-topic.
• Woody
I admire him so much ima try to spell the name correctly, Nathanael.
• Nathanael
Really, if the President has the power to murder American citizens with no oversight, it overrides pretty much all other powers.
I suspect that most Americans have, at this point, decided that they prefer Julius Caesar to the Roman Senate. Is this actually *surprising*, giving the way the US Senate is behaving?
If Obama doesn’t take direct control of the budget, forcing Congress to obey his will, then likely pretty soon some President will, and at that point it will be *popular*. Obama is merely avoiding using powers which, in practice, he already has.
The alternative is for Congress to regain its sanity and start performing oversight, but that seems extremely unlikely. Could happen, I suppose. I don’t see it happening; the US Senate really has degenerated into the Caesar-era Roman Senate.
• Javaplace
Thanks for writing up the upcoming bankruptcy of HTF and the funding source(s) Obama should consider:
Unless a new revenue source is proposed, it’s possible that all transit funding could be stricken from the HTF just as transportation enhanced was in MAP 21.
• Ken
If people who support rail got serious about the costs and the projects, they would probably have a better chance of getting projects funded. When you see poorly thought out projects such California high speed rail, it is hard to want to spend any money on rail projects. It also seems the money is being used to support poor labor practices. I agree that there is a need for rail improvements, especially in the north east. But the lack of serious thought for these very large sums of money makes me skeptical.
• JO
Why do you consider California’s high speed rail project poorly planned?
It covers virtually all of California’s major population centers. The planning process so far has always selected the least expensive and practical routes where possible. The California High Speed Rail Authority does listen to local governments. When you consider long term needs and not short term, the project is cheaper and more efficient than conventional transportation, and makes a lot of sense.
• Ken,
One what basis are you criticizing the California HSR project? Route? Funding? Political support?
As for route, it appears to be well-planned because it connects growing metro areas in the Central Valley to the Bay Area and LA. That will mitigate a ton of auto traffic and air pollution. It will also cut air traffic for the busiest sub 500 mile route in North America.
As for funding, of course it and every other high merit HSR project could use billions more in funding. That shortcoming is a function of Republicans in Congress, not planning.
As for political support, the governor, state legislature, and affected mayors all support the project. Only a handful of GOP legislators are against it. Even there numbers will wilt as project shovels turn, see
• Ken
Route, planning and practicality are all questionable. There is no cost benefit analysis that justifies this project. It does not appear to fit with the current or long term west coast lifestyle. No one can seem to identify the costs and the benefits seem to be inflated. There is a big question whether this project can be completed or even get to a point that it would be useful. But the expectation is that the US government should spend big bucks to complete the first part of the project. These projects make it very hard to justify any expenditure of additional federal taxpayer dollars.
• tbert
“It does not appear to fit with the current or long term west coast lifestyle.” Do you mean the ‘drive everywhere’ lifestyle? Because I would think that 2-in-a-row 2/3 supermajorities of LA voters choosing to increase sales taxes to fast-track transit projects would be strong evidence that that’s (rapidly becoming, if not having already been) a stereotype less based in reality than it is in media-driven perception.
• JO
The Government Accounting Office (GAO) found California’s ridership and revenue projections all reasonable. Its Amtrak routes are among the busiest in Amtrak’s system.
• Ken wrote, “There is no cost benefit analysis that justifies this project. It does not appear to fit with the current or long term west coast lifestyle.” Beg to differ with you Ken, but 79 mph California Amtrak service already prove that people ride trains in NorCal and SoCal.
Have you been stuck on I-5 Freeway traffic between SoCal and NorCal? Plenty of people, like myself, are fed up with the hassles for short LA-SF flights. We will switch from planes to trains for that sub-3 hour trip on day 1.
In terms of financial justification, California is adding another 15 million people by 2040, many millions in the Central Valley route of California HSR. Given the existing I-5 and S-99 highway congestion and flight delays/airport congestion, there is no No-Build option.
California has to either spend $125-160 billion on a second north-south freeway plus several airport expansions or spend $70-80 billion on California HSR, the only sustainable energy solution for the state.
If you want to argue against HSR in America, find a case you can rationally defend.
• Garl Boyd Latham
Kes said:
“There is no cost benefit analysis that justifies [the California H.S.R.] project.”
O.K.; can you show us ONE “cost benefit analysis” which justifies autocentrism?!
• Garl Boyd Latham
I’m sorry; I can only guess why Ken’s name ended up being “Kes.”
My error was certainly not intentional.
• I want to drive
Explain to me how people get to train station without cars in central valley?
How do people get around when they arrive stations?
Actually, except SF, all CA metro area are centric. you are not reducing the cars.
Train lover love train so much but they can’t never get rid of cars. If they do, they will ask the government to improve public transportation in each metro area. Don’t make each metro area that you need cars to enjoy train ride.
• tbert
I honestly don’t see that as a problem; given that people are choosing to take transit instead of driving, it’s going to happen anyway:
• Woody
The hope is that households will not need two or more cars per, but can get along with one less car and save $10,000 a year.
The others in the household can share a ride, walk, bike, call a taxi, or use transit. If you’re in a residential part of Bakersfield and you have a ticket on HSR to L.A., usually you’ll be able to get family/friend/taxi/transit to drop you off at the station. You don’t need to buy an SUV to get to the train station and back.
I know it must challenge your imagination, but truly, many millions of people in the US have lives worth living and don’t even own a lousy sedan, much less an SUV.
• Adirondacker12800
I’m was in a employee assistance class that our former employer sponsored for the people who were downsized. They had researched us and were able to tell us that if we broadened our job search to Manhattan we’d be making $10,000 dollars a year more. Which started the whining about then paying New York State and New York City income taxes. At the time those taxes maxed out at ten percent. So the choice was to take a $40,000 dollar a year job in New Jersey or %50,000 dollar a year job and pay $2,000 to $3,000 dollars in New York income taxes. And if you lived close enough to the bus or train station be able to get rid of the second car. Even if the car was a clunker the insurance, registration and maintenance on it would pay for your monthly ticket…..
• Adirondacker12800
How do people get around when they arrive stations?
The same thing they do when they go to the airport. Or the Greyhound station. Though the Greyhound station will probably be in the train station.
• Jake Wegmann
Even if a lot of people use cars to get to and from train stations in the Central Valley, what bearing does that have on the success of High Speed Rail?
If you fly into LAX, you might take a taxi, you might get picked up, you might take a shuttle, you might drive your own car (if you’ve been paying for it to be expensively parked) or you might take a bus to get to where you’re going.
How would this be any different with High Speed Rail? I fail to see the relevance.
• I want to drive,
Ever heard of taxis or families drop-off/pickup at the airport or train station? Bakersfield and Fresno have too.
• Jos Callinet
A major reason why Obama’s push for spending on rail is unlikely to go anywhere fast is because there is no public interest in it, unlike the Sequestration’s forced reduction in air-traffic controllers’ working hours, which caused a public outcry from influential business travelers over delayed flights. This public outcry forced even this do-nothing Congress to come up with at least a temporary fix (to get the public’s wrath off their collective backs).
By contrast, the American public is seemingly quite content with the transportation status-quo, and it has many bigger fish to fry.
Mr., Ms. and Mrs. Traveling Public could hardly care less about spending on rail in any form. Why? There is enough gasoline to go around for everyone, and although no one is particularly happy about current gas prices, they’re not hurting most people’s pocketbooks all that much, either (except those belonging to low-income people, who by and large have little influence on Congress).
Unless and until large numbers of Americans pressure Congress and the Administration into funnelling significant federal money into rail, the air and road-centric status-quo will continue to prevail, probably for decades.
It will take a truly catastrophic event to grab the American public’s attention and motivate it to press for major changes in transportation policy. As for rail’s helping the climate, any benefits rail could offer are unlikely to come soon enough to have any significant effect on global warming. (We’ve probably already crossed the point of no return on controlling and reversing global warming.)
Let’s face it, Americans are and will for a long time to come continue to be a drive-and-fly nation. Trains, even high-speed ones, are to them futuristic daydreamings on a par with Star Wars fantasy.
Given this political climate, rail is unlikely to receive serious funding or priority public support anytime soon. Instead it is at best likely to continue to stagnate, and may very well retreat in significance (especially if both houses of Congress fall to conservative Republicans next year, and succeed in de-funding Amtrak). Amtrak may soon no longer even have a national network – only a handful of regional state-funded routes and the Northeast Corridor.
Commuter rail and some patchwork fixes to the Northeast Corridor are the only rail projects that are likely to receive any significant federal funding in the years ahead.
This is the reality we rail advocates face. I see no way out of it.
• Woody
Fact is, polling repeatedly shows Americans support passenger rail, and want more Amtrak, not less.
We should avoid over-promising. Funds for Amtrak come to about 3 cents out of 7,800 in Obama’s budget. Even if we tripled that amount it wouldn’t make a dime’s worth out of 7,800 pennies. Adding 10 million riders from CAHSR would only add a third more to Amtrak’s current total. But it’s worth trying to do what we can do.
We have a dysfunctional Congress, where a group of self-righteous ideologues are doing whatever they can to oppose anything that the Black Man in the White House favors. These haters have no interest in the public interest.
But we should not expect or allow unreconstructed ex-Confederates and Ayn Rand cultists to control our politics forevermore.
• Woody, I agree with your points, except I would argue that the same Republicans in Congress would fight just as hard against progressive urban-centric proposals by a “President Hillary Clinton” too. In earlier articles on this blog, a strong case was made that gives insights on the GOP rural vs. Democrat urban divide.
• Ocean Railroader
I really think some of these high speed rail projects like a 70 billion to 110 billion cookies for high speed rail in California and 150 billion Cookies for the NEC is quite a bit of some sticker shock which makes the tax payer wounder if they are getting scammed from all these contractors. In terms of the NEC they should a part of this 40 billion dollars to unplug the mayhem at Penn Station in New York City which would allow far more high speed train sets to run down the NEC. In terms of California I really think they should give it small pieces of money in till we heavy construction going on with the existing funds and the costs are not spiraling out of control like a bunch of Cookie Monsters who manage a cookie factory.
Not to mention they should let all the smaller high speed rail projects get most of these funds in that that small high speed rail projects have not run out of control in costs compared to these 100 billion dollar beasts.
• Woody
The most recent proposals from Amtrak have been for making improvements on the NEC in stages. So Congress can decide to fund new tunnels under the Hudson, or new tunnels under Baltimore, or for ordering 40 new Acela II high-speed trainsets — without committing to spending anything at all anywhere else on the NEC.
Breaking the effort down to pieces should help keep spending to levels that people, and Congress, can understand. Is it worth spending $2 or $3 billion to go faster under Baltimore by replacing tunnels built before the Civil War? Yes. So let’s do it.
As for California HSR, the plans got approval by two-thirds of the California legislature and continue to have support from state and city leaders. There’s still a dust storm of criticism from the usual haters. But when the dust settles, it’s a good project that remains on track.
I don’t see anywhere that costs have run out of control for the stimulus rail projects. The new Tappanzee Bridge looks like a multibillion dollar boondoggle, but that’s for cars, so it’s OK..
• Ken
My original point was that rail proponents are not serious about improving infrastructure. These are huge expenses and if they are used to maintain the status quo, such as existing labor arrangements and construction approaches, it will be a waste of money. This is the same issue with the Post Office, which needs to change with the times.
There are always complaints about highway construction, but a good portion of the ongoing cost comes directly from the driver, either through gas taxes, gas sales taxes or tolls. A big reason I am a fan of the New York Subway is that the riders pay a good portion of the cost. Not so much for a lot of Amtrak. Improvements are required, especially in the Northeast. Proponents need to show some interest in making these changes correctly.
• Woody
Amtrak tried to negotiate its way out of some excesses in the existing labor agreements. It bargained its way to a stalemate, and the dead-locked issues went before an arbitrator chosen by the Bushies.
Instead of splitting the contract impasses like Solomon — that unions get their way on half the paragraphs and the management wins on half — Bush’s man ruled in the unions’ favor on every single point up and down. This was a crude but effective attempt to sabotage Amtrak.
So Amtrak is stuck with the contract that the Bushies wanted for it, because those zealots hated passenger trains more than they hated the unions. LOL.
Meanwhile, under Obama/Biden/LaHood/Szabo/Boardman, Amtrak has enjoyed good relations with its workers. Meanwhile the trains are running better and the customer satisfaction measures are getting better. So I’m surprised to hear your complaining about the union situation. Nowadays that front seems pretty quiet.
I don’t get the sense that there’s huge sums to be saved from labor. A few annoying work rules and what? Amtrak often pays less than commuter lines already. Could you break the unions and cut labor costs by 10% across the board? And save how much on total operations? How much compared to, say, lower operating and maintenance costs from getting new equipment?
Amtrak has new electric locomotives on order that it expects to pay for themselves in 6 years with lower costs. My basic math tells me there’s a 16% cut in costs in there. Let’s look to make progress like that, and not look to pick fights that won’t win us anything.
• Nathanael
Amtrak’s union work rules are pretty reasonable these days, and apparently there have been more and more agreements to avoid “craft divisions” (improving work rules even more).
The only railroad in the US I can think of where work rules are a huge problem is the infamous Long Island Rail Road.
• Who died and transitioned all other commuter rail agencies to OPTO and POP?
Amtrak has higher farebox recovery because it charges enormous fares and has a low peak-to-base ratio. The peak-to-base ratio is a property of the NEC, which mixes cities at ranges that promote many different kinds of travel (business, commuting, leisure, intercity day trip). The rolling stock utilization is still for shit because of the turnaround times, but it would be a lot worse if Amtrak were charged with running trains from Paris to Lyon and Marseille.
• Nathanael
I said a “huge” problem.
OPTO is slowly but surely coming everywhere else.
LIRR recently got rid of firemen.
• Nathanael
Ken: Amtrak has better farebox recovery (portion paid by the riders) than any local public transportation system in the US.
So I suggest you recalibrate your assumptions and rethink your conclusions.
If you actually add up the costs of road damage from buses, Amtrak arguably has a larger percentage paid by the riders than Greyhound, depending on how you measure. (It’s hard to compare Amtrak or Greyhound to cars, given that trucks and buses do almost all of the road damage.)
• Garl Boyd Latham
Ken said:
“…a good portion of the ongoing cost [of roadway design, construction and maintenance] comes directly from the driver, either through gas taxes, gas sales taxes or tolls.”
This statement is patently false. Still, it’s quite telling. If someone who is interested enough in transportation issues to participate on this site can make such a remark, there is little hope that the general public will be able to see and understand what is really happening.
• Adirondacker12800
It’s worth it to do it before the tunnel has a problem that stops anyone from using it and since we are going to spend a few billion make the new tunnel much faster.
• Ocean Railroader
What is nice about them using the two to six billion dollars a year in new rail funding is that they could use it to slowly chip away at the pile of much needed projects. Such as if you where to say to the Tax payers and supporters for Amtrak we are going to use three billion dollars of this money to replace a 1870′s worn out dangerous railroad tunnel with a modern high speed rail tunnel that can carry trains though it at over 90 to 100 miles on hour compared to 20 to 30 miles on hour that is a good argument for this project. Another one would be to use a billion to 500 million dollars to replace some of the large aging double track railroad bridges and replace them with four track wide railroad bridges which would also raise speed.Another good thing about buying a new railroad tunnel is that it’s a one time up front cost and will be around for hundreds of years after you build it.
I really think the reason why Amtrak needs so much tax payer money is that it’s two to three more trains on the NEC ever handled during it’s live even at the peak of the 1930′s.
• Given committed HSR projects in the NEC, CA, Midwest, DC-Charlotte, we really need to invest $36B/6 years. All of these projects are targeting 110-220 mph with higher frequency trains proven to boost ridership and approach or surpass profitability.
BTW, Obama has gone down from $54B/6 years that he originally proposed in 2009/10.
• Ocean Railroader
I really think the reason they like the Tappanzee Bridge is getting to be built is the fact that they can make money off of sky high tolls off of it at five to eight dollars a pop. Along with that Amtrak really doesn’t have the political power that the cars running congress have.
• Adirondacker12800
The toll on the Tappan Zee already is five dollars for a round trip. To pay off 6 billion dollars with the traffic they are predicting the tolls would have to around 20 per round trip.
• Nathanael
Ocean: there shouldn’t be sticker shock. The US government is wasting roughly $500,000,000,000 on the military every year, about equal to the sum total military spending of every other country in the world.
For that money, we are alienating the populations of many, many countries and breeding terrorists, while getting a reputation as a country which can’t win a war.
As long as this is going on, NO government project which costs less than $100,000,000,000 should give anyone sticker shock.
This is the only way I’ve been able to explain it to people who have sticker shock — point out that they’re looking at the wrong thing.
• Andre L.
While I might agree on parts of your claims, I find it naive and improper to use these kind of “since we spend 100x on program A we shouldn’t take a serious look of expenses of x on program B
Even if one agrees with a far more robust transportation infrastructure investment plan for the Federal Government, that doesn’t mean because it would cost far less than military expenses it shouldn’t be scrutinized.
Amtrak is not the most inefficient transportation agency, but just because it expenses are a “pittance” in the federal budget it doesn’t mean improvements shouldn’t be made (like subcontract dinning cars to external parties if this costs less than having federal employees cooking and serving meals, or adopting an automated-only (online, phone, machines) ticketing policy, or lowering wages of common occupations (not exclusive to railways) to current private market levels.
• Adirondacker12800
If AmtraK was to suddenly double it’s ridership it’s expenses wouldn’t double. There are many cases where improving service makes it break even and improving it more makes it profitable.
• Woody
Andre L., Can you direct my attention to a site anything like this one, where military expenses are scrutinized by tea party spending vigilantes and ordinary citizens? Or is such scrutiny confined to ideological targets — government programs that serve the non-rich?
Anyway, thanks for letting us know ‘how much you think you know’ about how to save at Amtrak.
You know, they must be really stupid at Amtrak if they’ve never thought of outsourcing dining car service. So thanks for suggesting they look into that.
Wow, the savings from automated-only — no exceptions! — online ticketing. Of course, if grandma doesn’t have a credit card or debit card, or ever use one because she’s old and stuck in her ways and born poor and stupid, well, tuff for granny. And of course, Amtrak has already adopted online ticketing, now available to everyone with a pad or a smart phone. But now if Amtrak will just get rid of those last cash-only granny type hold-outs, that will make a huge difference … somehow. Sure it will.
But let’s get down to it. You suggest lowering the wages of ‘common occupations’ to current private market levels. I guess you mean to the current market level for labor in China. Well, we’re getting there. But while I think I smell that your sympathies lie with those in elite ‘uncommon’ occupations, really the next step should be to cut the incomes of the barely rich. They’re a bunch of overpaid slackers, no doubt about it, and hard-working Chinamen deserve to take their swell jobs.
If we can reduce the wages of everyone in this country, those who don’t work for wages might end up better off — or not. Surely they’d feel even more superior to all those who’ll be working for lower wages. That’s an important national goal, isn’t it?
Raising the wages of the millions of underpaid Americans instead, well, that would probably be Socialism or something. Yeah, right.
• Nathanael
Exactly my point.
• Woody
Seems about right. Total spending of $4, $5, $6 billion would give a billion plus every year to CAHSR and the NEC. That’s a good start.
I’m not sure the Amtrak organization or anybody is ready to simultaneously order 40 and more new Acela II trainsets, dig new tunnels under Baltimore and under the Hudson, build billion-dollar bridges in Jersey and Maryland, rebuild Penn Station, South Station, and Union Station, meanwhile revamping the catenaries and the electric system to power them, etc. So if they keep working on the Gateway into Penn Station and add one or two more projects a year, I’m OK with that pace.
On the other coast, CAHSR has more federal money already granted (plus the bond issue money, plus a few hundred million to come from carbon taxes) than they can spend this year or next and maybe the next. So pour on another billion a year while the project picks up speed and reaches the “no-turning-back” point.
Otherwise, the Keystone Corridor might qualify for some of that 70 to 85% share. But half a billion could get everything west of Philly city limits going 110mph or even 125-mph. Closer in, with the SEPTA trains sharing, maybe another half a billion? So $200 million a year to Pennsylvania over five years seems right.
Sadly, there’s not that many “shovel-ready” opportunities to use the 30 to 15% that would be available for non-core, non-electrified routes. Forget Wisconsin, Ohio, Indiana, Georgia, Texas due to the crazies. Florida, too, unless next year’s election is good.
New York State could use a billion NYC-Albany-Buffalo, if the plans have advanced and Gov Cuomo finds room in his heart for anything besides a multi-billion dollar bridge for autos boondoggle.
Illinois could use a billion for more CREATE projects like Grand Crossing and the rest of the route to the Indiana border. It could use another billion to help finish the upgrades on the St Louis-Chicago corridor.
Virginia and North Carolina are working on plans to rebuild a short-cut Richmond-Petersburg-Raliegh. Maybe they could usefully spend half a billion over the next five years. Maybe.
But seriously, no state is really ready to spend half a billion here or there. They’d need a year or two just to get the final drawings made. And then the environmental studies.
Best and fastest way to use the non-core, non-electrified money would be to order a thousand or more new NextGen coaches and a few hundred more NextGen locomotives to upgrade Amtrak’s currently operating trains.
• California HSR breaks ground this year. It needs more funds secured this year for pre-lim engineering Bakersfield to Palmdale.
• Anandakos
You’re forgetting us here in The Soviet of Washington. We have plenty of opportunities for spending money toward reaching 125-level service. Once the Point Defiance Bypass is completed, we’ll need to begin adding a third track between Vancouver (WA) and Longview, then eventually all the way to Nisqually.
If BC sticks with its commitment to the Seattle-Vancouver BC service and the threatened coal trains start to roll, there will be a need for capacity improvements north of Everett, possibly including a tunnel under Chuckanut Mountain.
So, lots of opportunities…..
• Woody
OK, I’m ready to see more spending in Washington, and in Oregon too. But I don’t think they’re ready. Oregon hasn’t even picked the route to improve.
The stimulus came when there’d already been a lot of planning for piecemeal upgrades on the Cascades. The windfall funds telescoped 10 or 12 years of projects into Obama’s second term. LOL.
And when this round of work is finished, they’ll add two more Talgo train sets. Due to unexpected developments, they could get two more Talgo train sets currently in storage. But they’ll need more work to add capacity before they could actually put those wasted trains to work.
Hope somebody is working hard on the next round of projects. (Maybe including a special task force in charge of drastically reducing the landslide risk.) But it takes a lot of time and planning to get “shovel-ready”.
Let’s say that Washington, and Oregon, would be able to use any federal funds that come their way. Alas, we can say no such thing about Ohio, Indiana, Wisconsin, Iowa. If their DOTs had any partial plans in the files, the crazies have probably burned them.
• Jim
The MWRRI had fairly detailed plans, if I remember rightly. At least for those routes that were expected to generate surpluses — Chicago-Indianopolis-Cincinnati and Chicago-Ft Wayne-Cleveland — the States could be bypassed: Amtrak funded to implement an updated MWRRI plan.
tbert upthread corrected me on the TARP money. But, whether the funds come from the Executive or Congress, in some cases it makes sense for Amtrak to implement rather than trust the States to.
• Woody
I hope the Midwest Regional Rail Initiative stuff is detailed. But I bet they don’t have the environmental clearances yet. So it’s the time frame that worries me.
Completely agree that we should be moving away from the state-partners formula. Too many crazies, in Wisconsin, Ohio, Indiana, and now North Carolina ain’t looking so good.
It should be the exact opposite of what the Brookings Institution naively advocated. Do NOT give control of funding to the states, so that the craziest one can kill an entire route.
The million-plus passenger corridors should be developed by Amtrak with federal funding as part of the national system. Routes like Cleveland-, Cincinnati-, Indianapolis-, Detroit-, Des Moines-, Twin Cities-, and Madison-Milwaukee-Chicago are too important to let any one state veto them.
• Woody,
You hit the nation on the head
Amtrak & Obama have to sell the big vision, not the state-by-state vision. Simultaneously, they need to assure people that the goal is also to connect HSR to the West Coast.
• Anandakos
The Point Defiance website says that they aren’t fully engineered yet, so you’re right.
The engineering for the third track between Vancouver and Kelso could be funded though. Since that is an active Class 1 Primary Main Route I think the the only environmental impact assessments that would be required would be at wetlands and river crossings. As I understand it, BNSF does own enough land to add a third track.
• Anandakos
There is one very shovel ready project in Washington which was just deferred for another year but could go with Federal funding: the replacement of the old Milwaukee Road wooden trestle just east of the new “Freighthouse Square” Tacoma station.
• Dexter Wong
It seems to me that in Northern California, Amtrak has replaced Greyhound as the preferred non-auto transportation. Amtrak California has more trips between San Francisco and Sacramento than Greyhound now, and Amtrak Thruway buses complement the trains for service up into the Sacramento Valley.
• JO
Some members of congress are starting to make noises of tax reform.
Myself, I have always thought that funding for good balanced transportation infrastructure be it a gas tax, carbon tax, or vehicle miles travelled fee should be part of and included in any tax reform package. It makes perfect sense to me. But members of congress with their fossilized brains do not have the capacity to comprehend. And of course people do not want anything to come between them and their automobile dependent ways.
I say open up, a balanced transportation policy and funding for its infrastructure will not hurt; and the benefits would be fantastic.
• Anandakos
The crash on Metro-North this evening illustrates the value of the FRA standards for commuter equipment. Fortunately the wreck was just a side-swipe resulting from a derailment at speed. But imagine what might have happened had the cars not been those ponderous, but extremely rigid FRA-compliant vehicles.
They use a lot of energy, but they save lives in crashes. No doubt about it.
• Felipe
I see that this topic of government chosing to invest or not in transport comes again and again, so I think it might be interresting to mention that I have written a simulation game in which the player is the president or prime minister and can do anything he wishes, such as decreasing taxes or increasing the transport investment. I the end I think that it shows how the investment in rail infrastructure is a tiny portion of the government expenses and any willing government could increase the rail investment greatly. I utilized real data from governments around the world to calculate how much in average countries expend on various things and the investment in rail is insignificant in comparison to the rest.
Anyway, the main point is that you can download it and have fun =)
True Democracy 1.0 for Android. Download for free now to your Android telephone. In this game you take the lead of your country in a realistic political simulation game. You are free to choose any kind of political action that you want while in power, from increasing the retirement pensions to decreasing taxes. But beware that every action has an effect in your voters, in the economy and in your government debt. Real data from government budgets and economical series were utilized to create the model of the game engine. Guide your nation until the next election, when voters decide who takes the lead of the nation. If you lose the election, the game does not end. Another party will rule and you can wait until it an economic crisis or something else which brings you back to power!
• Anandakos
Here’s a nasty gut punch from a famously “activist court”: the DC Circuit. Go to Railpace Hot News” for a report on the court’s invalidation of the law which gave Amtrak the right to request penalties for failure to give passenger trains priority. The posting is on July 2.
We are about to see reliability go into the crapper even worse than it already is, especially on Uncle Pete.
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| 518
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The House of Astor Scandal: Father Against Son
Greed, money, and power versus family. Who wins?
In this tale concerning one of the greatest philanthropic ladies in New York, greed definitely wins out.
Millionaire Brooke Astor ruled the New York social scene for decades. Her late husband, Vincent Astor was the last heir as the descendant of legendary John Jacob Astor who made an amazing fortune by trading fur and by his deals in the New York real estate market. The book The Last Mrs Astor: A New York Story was based on Brooke Astor’s life.
In a shocking lawsuit, Brooke Astor’s grandson Philip Marshall, a college professor, has sued his father Anthony Marshall. Father v. Son, sad sad sad.
Anthony, who was Brooke’s legal guardian, was sued by his son Philip in order to have him removed as guardian due to neglect.
“My father…has turned a blind eye to her, intentionally and repeatedly ignoring her health, safety, personal and household needs,” says Philip Marshall in court documents. He says his father was “engaging in a consistent pattern of enriching himself at the expense of my grandmother.”
Anthony Marshall, who’s a Tony-winning Broadway producer from a previous marriage of Brooke Astor, has denied any mistreatment of his mother. However, research has found a tax return form for that has shown a 2005 income of $2,384,999.92 while having Brooke Russell Astor listed as his employer.
Wife of Oscar de la Renta to be legal guardian
Their endorsement for legal guardian of the Astor estate is for fellow philanthropist Annette de la Renta, who is the wife of fashion designer Oscar de la Renta. Even Annette de la Renta has gotten into the act with her affidavit in the case file that claims that “because of the failure of Ms. Astor’s son, Anthony, to spend her money properly, the quality of life of Ms. Astor has been significantly eroded…her life is now restricted to one blue sitting room and her bedroom.”
What do the lawyers say in this House of Astor case?
They have a lot to say actually. Attorney Ira Salzman, who is representing Philip Marshall in the lawsuit, says that “Anthony Marshall has repeatedly refused to use his mother’s great wealth to provide for her basic needs. Mr. Marshall has refused to pay for any new clothing for his mother…the last time new underwear, brassieres, nightgowns and knee-high socks were purchased was in 2004.” He says that one of Astor’s servants would dress her in a scarf but was stopped “because Mr. Marshall was concerned about the $16.00 cleaning bill for each scarf.”
What do people close to Brooke Astor have to say? Who do they support?
Let’s hear from Christopher Ely, who was Astor’s former butler, country home manager, and driver who testified in this case in a written affidavit. “Mr. Anthony Marshall…would complain when he had to replace such things as the roof. He also objected to the costs of maintaining Ms. Astor. I think it is a tragedy that she is not being maintained in the style in which she has lived her entire life for whatever amount of time she has left.”
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eBook Details
Bonds of Trust: Book One of Wicked Play
By: Lynda Aicher | Other books by Lynda Aicher
Published By: Carina Press
Published: Nov 26, 2012
ISBN # 9781426894695
Heat Index
Are Best Seller
EligiblePrice: $3.99 $2.99 (after rebate)
Available in: Epub (non-DRM)
Categories: Romance>Contemporary Fiction Romance>Erotic Romance
After ending her passionless marriage, Cali Reynolds is eager to live out her forbidden fantasies. Her first step is attending new members' night at The Den, the most exclusive sex club in town. Perhaps here she can find a man who understands her desire to be dominated...
At first, Jake McCallister thinks Cali has come to his club for the wrong reasons. But when he discovers she is seeking fulfillment after years of denial, he's intrigued--and takes it upon himself to initiate her into the pleasures she's been missing.
Her first encounter with Jake is everything Cali has always craved, and more; she's not prepared for the feelings he inspires in her. And Jake is just as surprised by his overwhelming attraction to Cali. As their play intensifies, so does their bond. Now, Jake doesn't want anyone but Cali--but is he ready to officially claim her? And will she submit to being his forever?
78,000 words
"Lynda Aicher's Bonds of Trust just might be a must-buy for Fall 2012." --RT Book Reviews
Reader Rating: starstarstarstarstar (3 Ratings)
Sensuality Rating: liplipliplip
"Do you like bondage?"
"I don't know."
"Spankings? Whips? Floggings?"
"I don't know."
"Exhibitionism, being a slave, serving a Master?"
"Again, I don't know."
"Golden showers, enemas or any other classification of water sports?"
"What?" Cali Reynolds gasped then shuddered. Water sports? "God, no."
The long-haired co-owner of The Den paused in his barrage of questions to eye her intently. He braced an elbow on the desk and leaned in, assessing her, the blue polo shirt tugging across his shoulders, his muscled biceps flexing. Seth Mathews was the last obstacle she had to pass before she could be granted membership to the exclusive club. He gave a half smile at the expression of pure disgust that had to be on her face.
"There are members here who do enjoy those activities, Ms. Reynolds," the man said. "These are standard interview questions. I hope your opinions wouldn't be so blatantly displayed in the presence of those who do like those things."
She winced. Her hands clenched in her lap and she hoped the large desk between them hid the action. "I didn't mean any disrespect. It's just not for me."
He nodded then glanced at the paper on his desk, making a mark on the page. He appeared younger than she'd expected, maybe late thirties, but his age didn't hinder the authority he exuded. "What are you looking for, then?" He studied her, missing nothing.
She swallowed, her stomach knotting into a state of sickly pain. "I don't know, exactly," she answered, her face heating with embarrassment. She tore her gaze from his and stared at her lap. She picked uncharacteristically at the small hangnail on her thumb, wondering if the straight-cut black slacks and purple sweater set had been too conservative for this interview.
He sighed, the pen clattering against the desk as he tossed it down and leaned back, crossing his arms over his chest. "Then why are you here? The Den is the most exclusive BDSM club in the Twin Cities. If you don't know what you want or like, then why come here?"
She snapped her chin up, desperation snaking into her voice. "Because you are the most exclusive club. I have to get in here."
Cali ducked her head, tucking her hair behind her ear, using the habitual move to calm herself. Why, indeed. "I'll never try this anywhere else." She waited for him to respond, but he didn't. So she continued, filling in the silence with the truth. "It's taken me a very long time to understand what I desire. Just as long to accept that what I crave sexually is way outside the box of normal. And even longer to do something about it. This isn't a game for me, if that's what you're thinking."
He picked up the pen, letting the object flip absently between his fingers. "Why now?"
"If not now, then it's never." She took a deep breath and hoped he believed her, because it was true. This was her one and only chance of safely getting what she secretly fantasized about. She couldn't risk the exposure by going anywhere else.
He sat forward. "Why do you think you're a submissive if you've never participated in any submissive activities?"
Bonds of Trust: Book One of Wicked Play
By: Lynda Aicher
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What to do if you are paralyzed by fear of civilization collapse, police states, plagues and other calamities
Friday, March 01, 2013 by: Mike Bundrant
Tags: paralyzed, fear, civilization collapse
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(NaturalNews) Over the course of many months I have had the privilege of coaching many Natural News readers who take my online personal development courses. If there has been one concern many have in common, it is fear for the future of humanity.
Some actually live in a state of mental and emotional paralysis, wondering what is the point of making plans for the future or working on themselves if we are all going to hell in a hand basket under a new world order.
I usually ask one question to begin to sort it out. Here it is: Are you prepared?
The answer to this question determines the course of action to follow. If the answer is "no, I am not prepared" then I usually ask if you really believe we are at risk for such calamities. If so, then you have reason to be afraid. You believe something is going to happen for which you are not preparing. It makes sense. Time to get prepared. Start by educating yourself and get moving with a plan, little by little.
I have found - without exception - that those who feel they are prepared for anything are the least worried. They look forward with much greater confidence, even though there is still cause for concern. Being prepared allows them to focus on their day-to-day life with no interruptions, which is how things should be.
There are two scenarios left
1. What if you are prepared, but still live in fear?
2. What if you don't really believe anything severe will happen, but still chronically worry?
In both of these scenarios, you are milking your fear. If you are prepared, then you are doing all you can. There is not a lot else you can do but go about your life and continue to get ready. Indulging yourself in more fear and self-paralysis is just that - emotional indulgence.
Likewise, if you honestly think there is nothing to worry about, yet still worry, then you are emotionally milking the situation, indulging in worry that is totally unnecessary, according to you. Now, the question is not how to prepare, but how to stop indulging your emotions.
A handy tool to use with most chronic, negative emotions
Whether dealing with fear, discouragement, depression, jealousy, overwhelm or anger, the protocol is the same. Take out your old school legal pad and pen, then get real clear about your emotions, create a plan, act on the plan doing the very best you can. Let's look at some scenarios:
Anger - get super clear about the anger. At whom are you angry? What for, specifically? How can you maturely express the anger, make yourself understood and work out differences, if possible? Beyond this, you may be indulging yourself.
Fear - what are you afraid of, specifically? What can you do to prepare yourself for that which you fear? Make a list to identify all you can do. Whom can you rely on for support? Are you willing to put forth your best effort?
Overwhelm - make a list of everything that overwhelms you. Prioritize tasks. Create a plan of action. Get moving, one step at a time.
Depression - depression can be characterized as "the perception of a future in which you do not want to participate." What do you want in your future? Make a list. Create a plan.
What if you approach out-of-control emotions in this way and it is not enough?
I won't suggest that the above tools are the end-all-be-all of emotional management. The point is, if you use reasonable skills and tools to manage your emotions and they do not work, then you may have deeper attachments to unresolved, negative emotions.
Psychotherapist Peter Michaelson said the following about such attachments at his blog, Why We Suffer.
Unresolved negative emotions are simply determined to be experienced, and our challenge is to liberate ourselves from these attachments. Through our intelligence we can achieve inner freedom when we expose the dynamics of our psyche.
What are some examples of unresolved negative emotions to which we are attached? We want love but, at some deeper level, we're expecting rejection. We want to feel strong, but we are identified with ourselves through weakness. We want to get rewards and benefits from life, but unconsciously we're expecting to be refused or deprived. We're compelled to continue experiencing in a painful way, often on a daily basis, the negative emotions that arise from these unresolved conflicts.
In other words, regardless of what is happening in the world, it is possible, due to unresolved inner conflicts, to compulsively experience a large array of negative emotions. The emotions themselves are not related to real events in today's world, but unresolved issues from your past. So, regardless of how much action you take today, the emotion is still determined to be experienced. In other words, you will likely indulge your unresolved, fear, resentment, pain, jealousy, emptiness and so forth, until you resolve the underlying cause.
In this scenario, there is good news and bad news. The good news: your emotional angst is not about the present or future, especially if you are clear and engaged in doing all you can. The bad news: you have unresolved conflicts from your past that you may not understand.
It's time to educate yourself about emotional attachments. Peter Michaelson's books are a great place to start.
Your life, your happiness - don't let anyone take it away
Finally, given the reality of those in the world that plan to take away your freedom, do you really want to give away more power by making yourself an emotional slave to them? You have total capacity for happiness in the world today, as it is. It is entirely within your reach to be happy, prepared for the worst, aware of the evil in the world, and content with your life as it is.
About the author:
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IHAVEANIDEA.ORG > articles > Why We Hate Pre-Testing
Why We Hate Pre-Testing
Posted on November 3, 2010 and read 3,781 times
Why We Hate Pre-Testing thumbnail
chriss Why We Hate Pre TestingChris Staples
Partner, National Co-Creative Director
If you’re a client who’s spending several million dollars on an ad campaign, you want some assurances it will actually work, right?
So you do a few focus groups to put your campaign in front of some “real consumers” at the concept stage to see what they think.
It all sounds like a reasonable way to ensure success- or at least reduce the risk of outright failure.
So why do so many campaigns that go through this pre-testing process still fizzle? Why do so many pre-tested ads feel over-processed and boring?
Writers and art directors would argue that pre-testing kills their best and brightest ideas- the kind of ideas that have a chance to become bona fide home-run hits.
I’d argue that pre-testing per se isn’t the culprit, but rather the kind of pre-testing that’s become routine at virtually every agency around the world.
In my next column, I’ll talk about a kinder, gentler form of testing we believe leads to better ideas and better results. In the meantime, let’s discuss focus groups- still the dominant form of pre-testing in most agencies (quantitative concept testing is another matter- and deserves another column).
Why do groups?
Even with the advent of digital and social media, clients still rely on focus groups to test multi-media campaign ideas at the concept stage. Groups are generally used for three reasons: To test comprehension. To seek out red flags. And to try to predict magic- i.e., determine if the campaign is memorable and likeable, with break-though potential.
Focus groups, though, tend to be a very blunt instrument, and are especially hard on ideas that are truly new and different. Why?
• Focus groups assume people care. People at groups are forced to look at your campaign- after all, that’s why you’ve paid them to attend. Unfortunately, nobody’s handing out cheques to people in their living rooms. The sad fact is that the vast majority of advertising is simply ignored. Groups can’t predict whether people will view the ad- and can actually give clients the false impression that average people actually care about their new toothpaste or mutual fund.
• Focus groups are inherently negative. When you pay someone for their opinion, they’ll give it to you- and I can guarantee they’ll feel like they have to mention at least one thing they find wrong. It’s human nature. People have seen enough examples of groups in popular culture to know they’re being paid to be critics. This is their chance to be Siskel and Ebert and finally have their say.
• Focus groups are subject to group-think. Despite their best efforts to control bias, groups are easily (and invariably) influenced by alpha dogs. This person is not always the loudest voice, but simply the most persuasive. People also tend to give answers that reflect how they want to be perceived by the group, rather than what they truly think. (For more on the perils of group think, Blink by Malcolm Gladwell should be required reading for every marketer.)
• Focus groups reward the tried and true. Truly new ideas sometimes feel uncomfortable at first. It’s far easier to comment on an idea when you’ve seen something like it before. Which is why so many TV hits- from Seinfeld to All in the Family- bombed in pre-testing. As Gladwell puts it, “The problem with market research is that often it is simply too blunt an instrument to pick up the distinction between the bad and the merely different.”
As a result of all of these issues, small things can become red flags in groups that kill promising ideas. All the sharp edges can be whittled away until you end up with something that offends no-one, but also delights no-one. Which is why GM cars are so bland. And why Apple doesn’t do focus groups.
What about magic?
As far as trying to predict a truly magical idea, groups are completely ill-equipped. It’s like asking someone to look at three recipes for chocolate cake and pick the winner. To really judge, you need to taste a slice.
Many of the things that make advertising magical are intangible and come later in the process- music, performance, nuance. Without the “icing,” groups tend to pick ads that work best on paper. Which are invariably the most obvious and familiar ideas. The kind of ideas that rarely become home-run hits.
Another problem is that once a script or comp has been blessed by a group, there’s a tendency to want to follow it to the letter during production. This, too, prevents magic from happening. Most of our most memorable TV spots didn’t start out that way at the script stage- the magic came from tweaks during casting, on the day, and in editing. For some of our spots, we shoot up to a dozen different versions before finding just the right one.
Testing digital or social ideas at the concept stage is even more problematic. User experience is key here- and virtually impossible to test except in finished form.
For all of these reasons, we’ve never used focus groups to pre-test unfinished creative concepts at Rethink. Not once in 11 years.
We tell potential clients right from the start that we have a better way. A kinder, gentler way to pre-test for comprehension and red flags without killing big, ground-breaking ideas.
It’s called Peer Review- a process we didn’t invent, but have refined and perfected over the last 15 years. It’s helped us give our clients peace of mind that their advertising will actually connect with people. And it’s the subject of my next column, “Why we love pre-testing.”
Until then, what’s your perspective on focus groups? Are they the best way to pre-test ideas? Or is it a blunt instrument that kills and neuters truly original thinking?
Moving Millennials thumbnail Moving Millennials
Copyright © 2009 ihaveanidea inc. All rights reserved.
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Pi Day puzzle: figuring out how much math Texas students need
Posted Thursday, Mar. 14, 2013 comments Print Reprints
Topics: Texas
Have more to add? News tip? Tell us
campbell Today is Pi Day, and I'm thinking pecan or maybe lemon sounds good for a celebration. Almost anything except rhubarb.
Pi Day actually celebrates math, not dessert, though some people consider numbers a feast for the mind.
This pseudo-holiday falls on March 14 because Pi, symbolized by a Greek letter, is 3.14 (and on and on, infinitely, without repeating). In basic geometry, it's the ratio of the distance around a circle (circumference) to the distance across it (diameter). You can also take a circle's radius (half the distance across), square it, multiply by Pi and get the area.
You needn't be Matt Damon's janitor/math genius Will Hunting to consider Pi Day worth observing. It's also Albert Einstein's birthday.
The U.S. House in 2009 adopted HR 224 supporting Pi Day because "mathematics and science are a critical part of our children's education, and children who perform better in math and science have higher graduation and college attendance rates." (1.usa.gov/X7HAd6)
(Ten Republicans, including Texans Ron Paul, Ted Poe and Randy Neugebauer, voted against the resolution. Go figure.)
The Legislature also talks up the imperative of improving kids' ciphering skills and attracting more of them into the STEM fields: science, technology, engineering and math.
Barely five years ago, Texas started requiring high school students to take four years of math and four of science (plus four of English and social studies). It made sense. More challenging classes plus higher expectations add up to better-prepared students.
The same reasoning underscored a reincarnation of standardized tests: Let's measure critical thinking skills instead of multiple-choice test-taking ability.
But lawmakers already want to overhaul the testing system, and they're poised to subtract a year or two from the math and science requirements.
I can see pluses and minuses. (Who could resist the pun?)
The idea is to give students more flexibility, especially if they want to pursue career-oriented courses.
But employers and business groups have been griping for years that students aren't prepared for an increasingly technological workforce. Wouldn't the proposed changes mean regression? The Higher Education Coordinating Board estimates that 2,600 to 6,000 more students would need remediation classes once they get to college.
On the other hand, how many high school juniors and seniors will find their future in advanced quantitative reasoning or AP Calculus?
Back in high school, when we counted on an abacus, I could derive a quadratic equation with ease. Still, college calculus kicked me in the can until one day the light dawned and I comprehended the formulas long enough to pull an A.
No doubt I left more educated for having studied plenty of math. But for all the times I've had to decipher budgets, calculate fractions without a calculator and wade through statistical charts, I can't remember ever needing derivatives, logarithms or secants to write a coherent sentence.
If you ever watched the CBS television show Numb3rs, though, you'd believe that all of life's mysteries can be solved with an algorithm.
Maybe the solution for Texas schools isn't necessarily less required math but more instruction that makes the subject matter clearly relevant.
One state rep wants to mandate a financial literacy course. If you've ever tried to juggle bills until payday, get a loan, manage credit card interest and fees, decipher a medical statement or compare insurance plans, you know none of that is math for dummies.
How about high-level math courses that cover how a small-business owner would calculate profits, losses, supply needs and delivery logistics? Or the number sense it takes to work in a professional sports team's front office. Or the application of math to political races, the oil and gas industry, expansion of fast-food chains, development of video games or any number of real-world applications.
After all, the number of math credits on a transcript isn't what equals a good education.
Linda P. Campbell is a Star-Telegram editorial writer.
Twitter: @LindaPCampbell
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http://www.star-telegram.com/2013/03/14/4681529/pi-day-puzzle-figuring-out-how.html
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| 246
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Sequester breakdown frustrates Florida House speaker
4:38 PM, Mar 1, 2013 | comments
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Tallahassee, Florida - President Obama and Congress were unable to reach a sequester deal to prevent automatic spending cuts that start to take effect Friday.
That means in the coming weeks and months, Florida will lose federal funding for such things as military readiness, teachers and schools, Head Start early learning services and work-study jobs for low-income college students.
The president says the cuts won't be felt right away but they will become a drag on the economy.
State leaders are concerned about budget cuts resulting from sequester. House Speaker Will Weatherford, like many Floridians, is frustrated with the inability to get things done in Washington.
"Once again the federal government remains to create an aura of uncertainty. There is an aura of uncertainty that continuously comes out of Washington, D.C. and it's probably a big reason why we're so skeptical about things like Medicaid expansion."
Weatherford is skeptical that the federal government will pay 100 percent of the cost of expanding Medicaid for states, as promised for three years under the Affordable Care Act. That federal support would phase down to 90 percent by 2020.
The expansion would add about a million uninsured Floridians to the state's Medicaid system so they could have health coverage.
Gov. Rick Scott has surprised conservatives with his support for the expansion, but state lawmakers will get the final say on that question.
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Why the Rally?
Alan Copson | Photographer's Choice RF | Getty Images
Today's rally: it's not about the January nonfarm payroll report.
The January nonfarm payroll report was slightly below expectations and not very inspiring. However, the upward revisions in November and December were significant. The bottom line is that the job market, after the revisions, was stronger last year than previously thought.
But there are other factors in today's rally:
1. First day of the month inflows. Volume heavier than normal. This was the biggest contributing factor cited by traders.
2. ISM, consumer confidence, and auto ales were stronger than expected.
3. China PMI came in lower than expectations, but people are still happy that it's still in growth territory.
4. For those in the "bad news is good news" camp, the unemployment rate ticked higher, implying the Fed will keep up its stimulus program.
Wall Street
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Alley in Pisa, Italy
by Lars Kotthoff
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Is it possible to add visible/invisible watermark to photos already uploaded to Picasa Web/500px/Flickr?
Do they preserve EXIF(metadata) of the image?
I am looking for free tools/services. If downloading software is required, I would prefer Linux/Ubuntu.
Update: In the light of two answers already given; adding a clarification. A solution that lets adding the watermark without downloading the photos from the respective locations is asked for.
share|improve this question
Downvoting without comment isn't helpful just rude – Clara Onager Aug 20 '12 at 8:27
@ClaraOnager Sorry I don't get you. I can't even upvote!! – Noble P. Abraham Aug 20 '12 at 11:30
Not you, someone else downvoted for no apparent reason – Clara Onager Aug 20 '12 at 12:51
@ClaraOnager Ok, thank you – Noble P. Abraham Aug 20 '12 at 12:54
What are you trying to do here? I have to admit, I can see why it was down voted as the question, given the way it was worded, would imply a less-than-savoury need here. – John Cavan Aug 21 '12 at 3:09
2 Answers 2
up vote 1 down vote accepted
Ok. I am not sure what you are asking, but I can try to guess.
If a photo is already uploaded, it is rather difficult to modify, as that copy is no longer on your computer.
I suggest downloading the photo, applying the watermark in photoshop/gimp (A free, open source version of photoshop), and re-uploading. I am not sure if this will preserve the metadata though.
As to how to apply a watermark in gimp, that is another question entirely.
share|improve this answer
@Stephan Thanks, I am looking for a solution that might let me do it without downloading them. – Noble P. Abraham Aug 24 '12 at 16:05
I am accepting your answer, as there may not be a better answer than this one. – Noble P. Abraham Aug 28 '12 at 16:25
There is a software called Mass Watermark which can watermark Images and Upload them directly to your Picasa/Flickr Web-albums.Since you have already uploaded the photos i recommend downloading them again and using the software.Download the software from
share|improve this answer
Thanks, I am looking for a solution that might let me do it without downloading them. – Noble P. Abraham Aug 25 '12 at 8:39
Your Answer
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Full comment
Anyone who isn't happy in their job has the right to leave. I always associate Patinkin with "Princess Bride" so "Criminal Minds" was a bit of a shift to me. I like the show, but in small doses.
There are other procedural dramas that still manage to retain a sense of humor--like CSI or NCIS-- but of course, they very rarely deal with serial killers, while that is the norm at "Criminal Minds."
« back
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look up any word, like pussy:
Any person that illegaly races on the street(most likely with a rice burner and gets owned by the muscles) and tends to pile up the huge traffic tickets followed by high insurance.
The street racer ended his night of racing early with the arival of the cop and the huge traffic fine.
by Pool'Eh March 10, 2004
1. A person who partakes in illegal street racing.
2. A car that has been modified for illegal street racing (not the same as a ricer).
1. Ryan is a street racer.
2. Check out that silver street racer!
by GameboyRMH December 12, 2004
Young Person (17-30+) that's takes street racing very passionately. usually grew up playing with toy cars and had their first job with the sole purpose of buying a fast car.
they spend a great deal of time and money working on their cars, investing in all sorts of preformance mods and body work for their cars. they adore movies such as the fast and the furious series and take great pride in their lifestyle and cars.
they live for the night, where most of the illegal streetracing takes place. they are wide awake at midnight and can go on racing till sunrise. they can be from a great diversity of ethnicities and lifestyles. but they mostly are night people who love extreme thrills and party.
they dress in a very young style. wearing shirts with racing brands such as sparco,momo,streetglow etc.
"hey, look that guy is a Street Racer , he drives a tuned up toyota supra, wears sparco shirts and is always out at night"
by phethesk8 August 21, 2008
by TheChavHater July 17, 2010
A StreetRacer/StreetRacers are awesome Japanese cars that go fast,have very useful parts on them,some have bodykits,spoilers that provide downforce at highspeeds unlike the
(rice/ricer)<----see definition for more info.Japanese cars are awesome,fast and very reliable.
Thats a Sick Streetracer prelude you have there sir! Nice ride!
A StreetRacer is not a Rice,Rice is different,see (rice/ricer)<------for more information.rice can be a bad thing rice can be a good thing.Streetracers are better then rice.Streetracers have useful parts on them,rice/ricers dont.(rice/ricer)<-----go to definition for more info.
by dan July 11, 2004
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5 Simple Ways to Stay Slim
By Rachel Johnson, Ph.D, M.P.H., R.D., "Five Small Steps," April/May 2006
Daily decisions that make healthy changes stick.
"We count our calories, we count our fitness minutes, why not the numbers on the scale? We have to be accountable for maintaining our weight...there's no feeling sad about 8 pound weight gain from not looking at the scale for 10...
5. Take advantage of healthy convenience foods
I admit it: I pay extra for convenience foods when I know they’ll help me eat nutritiously. I used to feel guilty when I bought those outrageously priced packages of vegetables that are washed, sliced and ready to go. No longer. When I get home from the office at 6 p.m., having these packages in the fridge can mean the difference between a healthy or not-so-healthy meal. What’s more, by staying home and cooking rather than eating out, I’ve still saved money.
We all have tricks that work for us. My son Nicholas tries not to eat a serving of any one food that is larger than his fist. My husband’s mantra is “Don’t let your waist size get larger than your inseam”—easy for him to say at 6'4" tall. My beautiful friend Susan tries hard to eat only when she’s truly hungry, knowing that’s when food tastes best. The trick is establishing those small steps that work for you. Once they become routine, people might just start accusing you of being one of those people who are naturally fit and thin.
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Muppet Wiki
Johnnie Steele and Lucille
27,102pages on
this wiki
JohnnieSteele Lucille
Young Johnnie Steele and the Queen of his Gas Machine.
Johnnie Steele and Lucille are a pair of pigs who perform the musical number "In My Merry Oldsmobile" in "Fozzie's Story," the second issue of The Muppet Show Comic Book. The number, which echoes the British humor that marked the early seasons and UK Spots of The Muppet Show, follows the Victorian couple as they "automobubble" through the countryside, narrowly avoiding such hazards as a rocket ship crash in a cemetery, an octopus emerging from a well, a gorilla, and a raging bull. All the while, the romantic but erratic Johnnie chronicles their love affair in song; only as they veer off the road and into a water feature at the end of the number does Lucille pipe in, crying "Will you keep your hands on the steering wheel?!"
After their number, Johnnie and Lucille appear backstage (sopping wet, of course), where Johnnie informs Kermit that their act is available until July, which is when, as the less enthusiastic Lucille points out, they're driving a pair of motorcycles off of the Eiffel Tower.
Later in the show, after Fozzie's disastrous Shakespearean comedy act, the couple is again seen backstage, this time looking much more relaxed and contented (not to mention dry), lounging in a pair of terrycloth robes and sipping tropical cocktails.
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Saturday, September 10, 2011
Ray Bonneville - Bad Man’s Blood
Listening to Bad Man’s Blood, I am reminded of the music of John Lee Hooker. Hooker would set up a groove with just a few notes, and he would stay on those notes for the entire song. The effect was haunting, like an incantation. It was a technique that only worked for Hooker, I thought, but its power was undeniable. Ray Bonneville has a somewhat richer musical vocabulary here, but he achieves some of the same kind of effect. Bonneville casts a spell, and he holds you for the length of the album.
The songs on Bad Man’s Blood are mid-tempo stomps, and stomps is an apt term. Bonneville plays either acoustic or electric guitar on every song, sometimes both. To this he adds what the liner notes call “foot percussion”; basically, this seems to mean that he stamps his foot in time to the music. Mike Meadows is the drummer on some tracks, but this is not drumming as you usually hear it. Meadows is playing a “Black Swan”, which is a tunable hand drum with changeable heads, so you can get a wide variety of sounds from it; here, Meadows is just playing a steady pulse, like a heartbeat. Gurf Morlix plays electric guitar, baritone guitar, bass, and banjo in various places. His role is to thicken the sound and add texture. Also adding to the texture on two songs is Dexter Payne on saxes. And here and there, Bonneville adds smudges of sound on harmonica. These smudges are sort of accidental chords, and their purpose is not melodic at all. They sound like something from another planet, but they make musical sense in context. In sum, the tempos don’t change much on this album, but Bonneville and his crew vary the textures enough to make this a fascinating listen. Bonneville sings in a weathered bluesy baritone. Bonneville knows his limits vocally, but he can imbue the title song with a sense of foreboding, while the affection in Blond of Mine, the sly humor of Funny ‘Bout Love, and the yearning in Darlin’ (Put You Suitcase Down) all come through loud and clear.
There is also a nice variety of themes in the lyrics. Of course, there are love songs. Darlin’ (Put Your Suitcase Down) is what it sounds like, a song about a break up. But Bonneville leaves open the possibility that the Darlin’ in the song might finally decide to stay. Funny ‘Bout Love is about the feelings of a man and a woman who meet years after they stopped being a couple. And Sugar and Riley relates the tale of a lovers quarrel overheard through a wall; Bonneville hastens to assure us in the first chorus that everything was ok again by morning. Other songs are more mysterious. River John sounds like a fond remembrance of a friend who has passed on. Night Walker is a speculation about a stranger who is observed walking around outside night after night; Bonneville’s narrator regards him with intense curiosity, but does not see him at all as a threat. In all of these songs, there is a sense of hope, and abundant sympathy. Bonneville sees the world as full of good people who sometimes get in bad situations.
So, where John Lee Hooker portrayed men in hopeless positions, overcome by their fate, Bonneville uses the same kind of insistent music not to despair but to urge perseverance. Bad Man’s Blood casts a spell, but the darkness never takes over. This album is insistent, but hopeful in hard times. Bonneville’s voice has a smile in it, especially later in the album. I’m sharing that smile right now.
Ray Bonneville: Sugar and Riley
Ray Bonneville: Night Walker
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http://oliverdiplace.blogspot.com/2011/09/ray-bonneville-bad-mans-blood.html
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Sensitive equipment: maintaining the TAO array.
Sensitive equipment: maintaining the TAO array.
Floating sensors that have predicted extreme weather events for decades and saved lives in the process have been left to "collapse" amid vandalism and US budget cuts.
The United States and Japan set up the Tropical Pacific Observing System - made up of about 70 buoys - after a large El Nino event in 1982-83 caught forecasters unaware. Fourteen years later, the moored devices helped provide warnings of the “super” 1997-98 El Nino almost a year before it hit, probably saving lives and preventing billions of dollars in damage.
But the performance of the moored devices, which take atmospheric readings and monitor conditions down to 500 metres below the sea's surface, has fallen to about 40 per cent since 2012, according to the the climate observation director of the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, David Legler.
Satellite image of the most recent 'super' El Nino, taken in December 1997.
That is affecting the ability of forecasters and climate modellers, including those in Australia, to predict extreme weather patterns.
Performance drop
After operating at between 80-90 per cent capacity until about 2012, the performance of the system, also known as the TAO/TRITON array of buoys, dropped to “around 40 per cent” by the end of 2013, Dr Legler said.
The el Nino event in 2002-03, while considered to be a relatively weak one, had a big impact on Australia's rainfall.
"The collapse in the data return from the array has happened very rapidly,” head of CSIRO ocean-observing research Susan Wijffels said. “That has taken the community by surprise.”
The early alert before the 1997-98 event probably saved many lives and reduced the damage bill by billions of dollars, CSIRO principal research scientist Cai Wenju, who has published widely on El Nino events, said. Even so, he said, the event 16 years ago still killed 23,000 people as a result of weather events like drought and flood, and cost $45-50 billion in losses to global agricultural output.
El Nino events typically shift rainfall eastwards away from the western Pacific, bringing drought to eastern Australia. Countries on the eastern Pacific usually get heavy rainfall.
Warming sub-sea temperatures in the eastern Pacific are one sign an El Nino is on the way, Dr Cai said.
“Without that sub-surface information that we can put into our models, our predictive capability will be curtailed,” he said.
While some researchers are suggesting an El Nino may form in 2014, Dr Cai said “it's a bit too early to call”.
Conditions in the Pacific were still in a neutral El Nino phase in the Bureau of Meteorology’s latest report on January 14.
Limited back-up
The observing system is backed up by other information sources, such as satellites and the Argo array of more than 3600 free-drifting floats. The buoys, though, provide real-time information over a wide range of the Pacific, detecting changes in moisture, air pressure and near sea-surface temperatures at a fixed point that satellites or Argo floats struggle to match.
The array's performance slide began in 2012 when the US retired one of the ships used to maintain it. Fights in the US Congress over debt ceilings in 2013 then resulted in funding cutbacks that reduced ship visits to the buoys, Dr Legler said.
“We're still seeing the impact of the [cuts],” he said, adding that the US contribution, including ship time, amounts to about $US10 million ($11 million) a year.
Apart from birds or other natural impacts, the buoys are also vandalised or damaged by fishing fleets.
Prior to the cutbacks by both the US and Japan, buoys were typically serviced twice a year, and now some buoys haven't been maintained for a year or more.
Scientists from around the world will gather at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in San Diego, California next week, to discuss how to sustain or replace the array.
While support may eventually come from countries such as China or South Korea, Dr Legler is optimistic that funding for immediate action will be announced at the meeting.
|
http://www.theage.com.au/environment/climate-change/tipping-el-ninos-harder-as-pacific-sensor-array-output-collapses-20140122-318q4.html
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« Abortion and Slavery: The Same Old Arguments | Main | Challenge Response: God Doesn't Teach Children to Be Good »
January 31, 2013
"God is the only way to God".
Why is that either offensive or illogical?
Can man break through God's Skin, and thereby enter God, without going through God?
"The Only Way" seems odd to some because people either don't think about logic, or, they don't understand the Christian claim on Word-Made-Flesh. Or, and worst of all, they really do think that Man can break through God's Own Skin without piercing God's Own Skin and thus, somehow, bypass God to get into God.
The more I think about it, the more I realize that this unique claim of Christianity is the only description of "getting into God" that makes any logical sense at all.
How does one enter a Cube without going through/into the Cube?
Logic is quite clear here.
"I can enter this Cube without going through/into this Cube" is a statement which offends Logic.
Perhaps this is one of the reasons God created the government to be so small. Praying now we'll see the flawed, yet godly-appearing, excuses for making foolish choices.
Entering the Cube is easy once you find the Cube, but where is it? There are many different paths that all lead you to the one true Cube.
By the way, you make an interesting suggestion that polytheism is a kind of pluralism. It's true the pagans were more tolerant of different religious beliefs. What's new today perhaps is pluralism among different monotheists.
I think a lot of people have a problem with the claims of Christianity for other reasons than just exclusivity. People don't want to bend the knee. It's very simple. We live in a society that teaches self-fulfillment on every level and that we are the most important (e.g. YouTube, MySpace, Self Magazine, etc). When we teach ourselves that we are so important we turn into narcissists.
Christianity teaches to deny oneself and carry your cross. People think that being a Christian is a all about following rules or you go to hell, and that is partly our fault for poorly communicating the Gospel message. To me, being a follower of Christ means doing good things not to get into heaven, but BECAUSE I am going to heaven. It's showing honor and making sure everything I do is God-honoring. Sure, I stumble every now and again, but that is when I go to Jesus and admit I failed and need his forgiveness.
A lot of people today won't admit they have failed and don't feel the need to repent of any wrongdoing. Christianity teaches that we are fallible humans--in today's "you rule" society, there isn't room for that.
This seems a little confused:
1) Entering the Cube is easy once you find the Cube
2) where is [the Cube]
3) There are many different paths that all lead you to the one true Cube
It may be true that many roads lead up to the front door of a House. Now, [arriving at] a Door is quite different than [going into] a House, with which that Door is one.
Jesus is not part of the Cube if he is a lier. He makes some odd claims about Himself as the only way. Now, at that point, rather than recoil, we must remember exactly what Christ "is". Word-Made-Flesh, and, Love-Manifest. That is to say, Love Himself Manifest.
And there is this other thing, which is also unique: Ransom.
In all things, through all avenues, within all vectors, we find simply Every-Thing streaming in from Heavenward toward Manward where Christianity is concerned. This too is unique. And, of course, Love is just that: Other and not Self.
And that is what the God who Is-Love does, is, and manifests as. When He comes, we find Him there, high on a Hill, and He spreads His arms wide, and pours Himself out for His Beloved.
John M
I think that you nailed it. Self absorption leads to self delusion and this is certainly a large part of what the culture offers today. It offers built in problems that you don't have to work hard to have since it is all simply handed to you on a silver platter. The bling of the ornate platter just fools you into thinking it's something good, when it is actually poison. However, the pluralism is the garnish that goes along with it and is just as toxic.
Excellent thoughts. I'll be sharing your post. Thank you.
The comments to this entry are closed.
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http://str.typepad.com/weblog/2013/01/pluralism-christianit.html
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Digital Spy
Search Digital Spy
Reality TV News
'Survivor: One World' recap: Transience
'Survivor: One World' Episode 1: Salani Tribe
Following Jonas's elimination, Troy and Jay lament the unfortunate fact that he was not on the new Salani tribe, using that as an excuse for why they voted him out. However, Troy hopes that they didn't make a mistake going forward, and the two men decide that a woman needs to go home next in order to avoid a female alliance. Little do they know, one formed long ago!
Walking back to camp, Troy and Jay grab a message in an old 7-Up bottle - today's tree mail. Jay reads the note aloud, which alludes to the fact that the reward challenge will offer a "crisp, clean" prize. Obvious sponsorship placement or random weird Survivor thing? Who can say? Either way, everyone heads down to the beach for Jeff to explain the day's challenge.
He reveals that players will be divided up into two tribes, with each racing one at a time down a giant water slide, after which they must race to the ocean and bring back a puzzle crate. As more and more come down the slide, they may work together to grab all crates - 5 in total. They must use the pieces in each of the creates to solve a puzzle, with the winning tribe being taken to a "7-Up Oasis" - basically an afternoon barbeque with hamburgers, key lime pie (a bit random) and as much of the soda as they can drink.
'Survivor: One World' castaways: Jay Byars, a model currently living in Gaffney, South Carolina
The tribes are divided up as follows: Jay, Troy, Kat, Alicia and Chelsea on one team with Kim, Michael, Sabrina, Lief and Christina on the other. Tarzan decides to sit this one out. Jay's group moves ahead first, though Michael's isn't far behind. It's neck-in-neck and no one seems to be letting up. Once they begin working on their puzzle, it's obvious that Jay's team is progressing more quickly. However, the pattern of the puzzle is difficult to discern, so it's really anyone's guess. Eventually, however, it's Michael's team that gets it first, thanks to Christina, and they win the afternoon barbeque.
The winners' oasis is quite nice - like a mini resort set up in the middle of the jungle. Everyone begins to dig in, putting food on the grill and hanging out in the mini pool. Eventually, they join under a gazebo for prayer and to enjoy their reward. Kim is especially pleased with the meal, as she was feeling really weak and believes she will finally be able to get her strength up and think through her options.
After eating, Sabrina and Kim attempt to talk strategy. Sabrina wants Mike out, with Kim saying that it has got to be all girls that move forward. They believe that if they can convince the others to get Mike out, then the girls will eventually be able to "annihilate" the men in the competition. However, Kim knows that she will have to be careful - even though she can barely contain her enthusiasm at the possibility.
Back at the camp, the losers try to convince themselves that it's better they've not won the challenge, with Tarzan insisting that steak would be "hard to digest" on their stomachs. He has a point, mind, but it's a pretty obvious coping tactic. They all begin to talk about who's going home at Tribal Council. Jay realizes that the girls want to send Mike home, but he wants to put the idea on the back burner and tries to steer them away from it. Before they get too far, however, the winners return with an entire cooler full of 7-Up to share with the group.
'Survivor: One World' castaways: Chelsea Meissner, a medical sales rep currently living in Charleston, South Carolina
Later that day, a storm is brewing and so the group realizes they must re-fortify their shelter before the rough weather rolls in. However, a bit of an argument ensues when Tarzan angers the others by removing part of the bamboo wall to cut for firewood, despite there being an entire stack of firewood already cut. Tarzan insists that it's not a part of the wall and tells Chelsea not to have an attitude with him, or accuse him of doing something wrong when he hasn't.
Tarzan then takes Chelsea aside as he senses that he's "an irritant" to her. He questions whether she dislikes him because she had a negative experience with her own plastic surgeon - a question which doesn't go over well with her. The conversation is cut short, however, once the rain begins, and Chelsea says that while she can't stand Tarzan, he's not a threat and she must concentrate her energy on players who are.
Privately, Kim talks to Troy, lying about Michael and saying that he has been throwing Troy under the bus and making him out to be a threat. She pretends to be concerned for his place in the game and insists that they should get Michael out - a plan which he agrees to go along with as he's incredibly angry. However, they don't want Michael to catch wind of what's happening and keep quiet about it.
Once the weather clears, the Tikiano members meet Jeff on the beach once again for the day's immunity challenge. He reveals that they will have to race across a ladder bridge, navigating a series of puzzle bags along a twisting rope. The first four to reach the finish line will move on to the final round, where they will use the pieces to solve a "very complicated" puzzle. The first person to do it will go straight through Tribal Council and cannot be voted off.
'Survivor: One World' castaways: Michael Jefferson, a banker currently living in Seattle, Washington
Jay is the first one who will get to move on, with Kim close behind. With only two spots left, it's Alicia and Troy who manage to make it across. They then begin working on the puzzle, though it proves more difficult than anyone seems to have expected. Everyone is neck in neck, with the most minor mistakes making room for others to catch up. However, it comes down to Kim and Jay for the win, and it's Jay who takes it first, winning immunity.
Following the challenge, Kim sets back on her course to try and get Mike out. She's pretty certain that she can turn events in her favor, but Jay is not having it as she said it in front of Christina and Alicia, who are Manono tribe members. However, he will go along with it because he's afraid that if he doesn't, the girls will overtake him. It's a pretty smart observation.
Kim is not happy, though, as she wants Mike to think that Salani is all in and the others have ruined it by bringing Mike up. Kim is concerned about he possible "major uproar" that could result by voting off Mike and wonders if they should instead vote off Christina to keep Salani strong. However, no one can seem to come to a decision.
At Tribal, Mike is eliminated with five votes. "I knew going into it that at some point, it'd be guys versus girls. Unfortunately, it started tonight," he said following his exit. "I came into the game too hot and have been backpedaling ever since.
"I've talked to all the women and thought I had a good thing with them but I didn't. I thought I could trust so many women out here, but that just wasn't the case."
You May Like
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http://www.digitalspy.com/tv/s76/survivor/news/a374937/survivor-one-world-recap-transience.html
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How to change the logon window and the shutdown preferences in Windows XP
The Windows Setup program configures Microsoft Windows XP to use the friendly Welcome logon screen and the shutdown buttons if your computer is installed as a home computer. A home computer is a computer that does not specify a network domain.
This article describes how to use the classic logon screen that Windows XP-based computers use when they are joined to a domain. The classic logon screen looks similar to the following example:
Log On to Windows
* *User name: _____________
* *Password: *_____________
Use the classic logon screen
To temporarily use the classic logon screen, press CTRL+ALT+DEL two times on the Welcome logon screen.
To configure Windows XP to use the classic logon and shutdown screens for every logon session, follow these steps:
1. Click Start, and then click Control Panel.
2. Double-click User Accounts.
3. Click Change the way users log on or off.
4. Clear the Use the Welcome screen check box.
Note If you turn off the Welcome logon screen, you also turn off the Fast User Switching option.
Require users to press CTRL+ALT+DEL before the classic logon screen appears
If you want users to have to press CTRL+ALT+DEL before the classic logon appears like a Windows XP-based computer that is joined to a domain, follow these steps:
2. Click the Winlogon subkey at the following registry location:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon
3. Click Edit, click New, and then click DWORD value.
4. To change the value name, type DisableCAD, and then press ENTER.
5. Keep the data value set to 0. The data value set appears as 0x00000000(0).
? Microsoft Windows XP Professional Edition
? Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition
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http://www.linuxhomenetworking.com/forums/showthread.php/16199-logon-window-and-the-shutdown-preferences-in-XP
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pre orders
Next Story
The Good, Bad, And Ugly Of Obamacare’s Online Price Comparison Site
There’s an increasing opportunity in helping hardware startups bring their products to market, and Toronto ecommerce startup ShopLocket has identified a key area in that process where they might be able to help out, and pick up some new business in the process. The company is introducing its new pre-order platform at the Glazed Wearable conference in San Francisco today, giving hardware startups and product-based companies a way to book sales of devices before they ever hit the production lines.
Often companies like Pebble will launch on Kickstarter, bringing in considerable interest from an early adopter crowd during a campaign that could span a month or two. But then there’s a big gap between the end of those campaigns and the actual ship date of their product, and in that gap you run the risk of losing a lot of the publicity steam built up during the crowdfunding phase.
shoplocket-screenshot-attach-checkoutPebble launched its own pre-order portal, and others like the Thalmic Labs MYO armband just started right out the gate with an open-ended pre-order period, but often that can take a lot of work and building your own platform, as Lockitron did. ShopLocket wants to make all of those things easier, adding support for pre-order campaigns to its lightweight storefront platform.
“ShopLocket can either be used as an alternative to Kickstarter or Indiegogo for an initial launch, [or] it can be used after a crowdfunding campaign to allow companies to continue collecting pre-orders,” ShopLocket founder and CEO Katherine Hague explained in an interview. “When used as a replacement to traditional crowdfunding platforms, ShopLocket could be considered an elegant plug-and-play alternative to something like Selfstarter [Lockitron's in-house tool, which it released for others to use].”
Already, ShopLocket’s platform has been quietly helping companies debut and build continued interest in their products. ECG identification tech wearable Nymi used it to fund their device Kickstarter-style, and others including Nomiku and GlassUp are now running their pre-order campaigns with it, after having successfully raised funds on other platforms. Selfstarter campaigns require ample setup and knowledge of code, while ShopLocket’s system is fully customizable with a graphic interface that even total coding amateurs can manage.
To power the payments part of its new service, ShopLocket has turned to Stripe, which it chose over competing options like PayPal and Amazon Payments for a number of reasons.
“For our sellers, the process of creating a Stripe account is incredibly easy [and] we are in the process of further optimizing the seller flow, so that sellers don’t even have to sign up with Stripe until they actually want to start charging on pre-orders — something not possible with PayPal or Amazon,” Hague said. “For buyers, Stripe is actually a more accessible platform than PayPal or Amazon, which generally require accounts to make a purchase. Stripe will allow buyers to checkout with a simple credit card form, no account required.”
shoplocket-screenshot-product-creationStripe also offers native design integration, so buyers aren’t shuttled away to a separate site and then shuttled back in to complete the transaction, which is a big advantage in terms of decreasing cart abandonment rates and generally providing an experience that businesses can control in every respect.
I wondered whether this emerging market segment might not be a little too niche for ShopLocket to focus much attention on, but Hague says there’s plenty of interest already, and that’s also growing at a rapid clip. So far, they’ve found over 500 projects launched launched in products and hardware every month, which represent tens of millions of dollars raised.
“This represents only a small segment of the overall market,” Hague adds. “For these companies, ShopLocket is a better solution than a traditional hosted storefront for the next phase of their business. We let them use any website, including their existing one, to grow from pre-orders to a full shopping cart over time. We believe that the next billion dollar storefront platform will be born from serving this rapidly growing market of new product creators.”
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http://techcrunch.com/2013/09/30/shoplocket-launches-pre-order-platform-to-help-bridge-the-gap-between-crowdfunding-and-shipping/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+Techcrunch+%28TechCrunch%29
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| 335
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Take the 2-minute tour ×
I am having a problem with the display when I run Minecraft. Half of the screen flickers diagonally, but it only happens when I look in certain directions.
Also, I cannot play Minecraft looking at the sky the whole time. Any idea what might be the cause of the problem?
share|improve this question
What do you mean by 'I cannot play Minecraft looking at the sky the whole time.'? Do you mean that you cannot play it while facing straight up at the sky, or that all you see is the sky? – Lemmings19 Feb 18 '12 at 5:08
@Lemmings He means looking at the sky is the only direction that works, but the game won't be much fun if that's the only way he can look. (I have this problem on one of my computers also.) – John the Green Feb 18 '12 at 18:24
Screenshots and system specs (both hardware and OS) would help a lot. – Bobby Feb 19 '12 at 13:03
3 Answers 3
This problem occured for me on an Optimus system when using the Intel card. This did not happen while using the nVidia card. If your system is an optimus system (it has both a nvidia card and an Intel card), try installing Bumblebee and using that to force Minecraft to run on the nVidia card.
share|improve this answer
I had this problem for a while, I installed the mod Optifine, and it helped a lot. If that doesn't help, try messing with the graphics settings.
share|improve this answer
Try updating your graphics driver. And also make sure your version of mc is up to date. If that doesn't help, you should also try asking on the mc forum.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer
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http://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/51436/minecraft-glitching-the-display-on-ubuntu?answertab=active
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I. Google -- Doing Its Own Thing
Larry Page
Google CEO Larry Page [Image Source: Bloomberg BusinessWeek]
II. Risky Efforts are Important to Software Giant
Google Plus
Source: Fortune
Comments Threshold
RE: Well said
By nocturne on 12/12/2012 4:15:13 PM , Rating: 2
This whole discussion has many good points.. Apple makes great products, and manages to market them at a much higher profit margin than their competitors (also helps them having the first successful content distribution system out there). They may not get there first, but they usually do it right, which was what drove them to their current popularity.
The last few years haven't exactly been revolutionary, though.. most importantly on the software end. iOS remains popular despite lack of new features with each new release (can't tell how many iPhone 4S users I know who wish they could downgrade from the recent updates); but OSX is the real issue, and is in serious danger of becoming entirely irrelevant. MS was hounded by letting so much time pass before offering a successor to XP, only to get demonized when a few changes were introduced with Vista -- where Apple has somehow gotten away with not offering any real changes to OSX in a decade. Sure, a total rewrite isn't necessary with the Darwin/FreeBSD core.. but a few improvements here and there certainly can't hurt. Whenever I'm stuck on a Mac, I feel like I time-traveled back to the days of netscape navigator with it's entirely bland and overly cumbersome interface.
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Take the 2-minute tour ×
Suppose you have a JTable and for each cell you want to display three strings with different color, say value1 (red), value2 (blue), value3 (green).
I overrode the getTableCellRendererComponent of DefaultTableCellRenderer but setForeground(Color) method gives an unique color for all the string showed in the cell.
public Component getTableCellRendererComponent(JTable table, Object value,
boolean isSelected, boolean hasFocus, int row, int column) {
String s = table.getModel().getValueAt(row,column).toString();
StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(s," ");
int nToken=st.countTokens();
// so now all the values are blue...
return super.getTableCellRendererComponent(table, value, isSelected,
hasFocus, row, column);
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
up vote 2 down vote accepted
The default renderer for a cell table is a JLabel. This component supports HTML tags. The easiest solution you can have is to use HTML to render the Strings with different colours. So you can build a String such as:
<html><font color="blue">A String</font><font color="red">Another String</font></html>
And set it to the cell, and you don't have to worry about the renderer.
Most swing components allow you to use HTML, this is not only limited to tables.
Another possibility is that you create a class that extends from JComponent, and program paintComponent() so it draws these three strings in different colors. Then you can set this component as the renderer. But this is way more complicated. Because the renderer works like a "stamp", it will stamp the right colors when the cells are drawn. This is useful if your needs are to, for example, draw extremely complex and custom graphics on a cell.
I would stick with using HTML if you don't have a humongous amount of cells.
share|improve this answer
HTML components in tables gets very slow very quickly. You can cache the components, but that gets tricky in anything other than some special cases. – Tom Hawtin - tackline May 13 '09 at 15:02
The alternative, though, writing your own JComponent, is fast. But tricky to get it right – Mario Ortegón May 13 '09 at 15:03
JIDE provides a StyledLabel as part of their open source Common Layer, which is exactly what you want and 10x easier than implementing anything on your own.
alt text
share|improve this answer
Your Answer
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http://stackoverflow.com/questions/858267/multiple-strings-colored-in-different-way-into-the-same-cell-of-a-jtable
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Take the 2-minute tour ×
I have added the code below to an active plugin, but it's having no effect on my posts.
add_filter( ‘the_title’, ‘myfunction’);
function myfunction($title) {
return "Why won't this work?" . $title;
What am I missing here?
The post templates are definitely using the_title(), and the theme is normal (wp_head(), etc), and there are no conditionals surrounding the function in the plugin that would make it not run. I have also tried adding different priority in the add_filter function, from -9999 to 9999, to no effect.
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
up vote 1 down vote accepted
Try changing this:
add_filter( ‘the_title’, ‘myfunction’);
to this:
add_filter( 'the_title', 'myfunction' );
(If this is indeed your problem it is likely an issue of copy/pasting code from a tutorial with curly quotes in place of standard single-quote marks.)
p.s. prefix your function name with your Plugin slug. "myfunction" is far too generic.
share|improve this answer
Curly quotes was it! I was going mad trying to figure that out. – supertrue Jul 10 '11 at 20:48
(Oh, and myfunction isn't the real function name.) – supertrue Jul 10 '11 at 20:49
Your Answer
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http://wordpress.stackexchange.com/questions/22578/why-doesnt-my-simple-the-title-filter-get-applied
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Monday, February 20, 2012
5 Simple Ways to Share Your Catholic Faith On Ash Wednesday
Ash Wednesday is a great time to share your Catholic faith with others. Therefore, below are five simple suggestions on how to do just that.
5 Simple Ways to Share Your Catholic Faith on Ash Wednesday
1. Explain why you have ashes on your forehead. It is inevitable that if you get your ashes early enough in the day, you will run into someone who tells you that there is something ("dirt", "smudge", "stuff", etc.) on your forehead. Remember, they are being polite in telling you this. So, return the favor by explaining what the ashes are for (a Biblical sign of repentance) and share your faith by explaining Lent and Ash Wednesday to them.
2. Invite someone to Mass with you. Anyone is welcome to receive ashes on Ash Wednesday in a Catholic Church. They need not even be Christian to receive them. This isn't the case for Communion though, so it is a good time to explain our liturgy, belief in the Eucharist, basis for Sacraments, etc. to them. If you don't know a good way to explain why a non-Catholic cannot receive the Eucharist, then this explanation should help.
3. Discuss lent with your social media network. Most of us are connected to others through social media. With these connections come the availability and opportunity to help them come closer to Christ and His Church. So, start a discussion about what lent is for, what it means, or what you are doing for lent. Keep it positive and encourage all to participate in lent.
4. Fast and Pray for others. The heart of evangelization is found in our prayer. We cannot help others if the source of our spiritual life is not deeply rooted in Christ through prayer. Since lent is a time of "increased prayer, fasting, and almsgiving", we should use this increase in our prayer and fasting for others.
5. Invest yourself in a relationship with a new friend. To make any relationship work you have to invest time and effort into it. You must open yourself up to the other person and truly love them. True love would always want what is best for the other person. What could be better than helping them know Christ and the Catholic faith better? Ultimately all effective evangelization comes down to good relationships. So, spend your time investing in others!
Related Links:
**Evangelization is Hard and Scary
**Intro to Evangelization
**Do's and Don'ts of Evangelization and Apologetics
**10 Reasons To Come Back to the Catholic Church
Justin Michael Schwartzbeck said...
That looks like Fr. Chris! Is that Fr. Chris?
Kuba said...
in most european countries including Vatican the ashes are sprinkled on the top of your head so you don't have to walk around looking like a crazy person. not sure why in the english speaking world the ashes are smudged across your forehead, i find that strange, out of line with what the Pope does and simply reinforcing the myth of Cathlics doing weird things.
Brad said...
Ridiculous, Kuba. Crazy person? Strange? Weird? Could you be more hostile?
Matthew 5:15
Mark 4:21
Luke 8:16
Marcel said...
Brad - I don't think it was hostile, just a puzzled look at another culture's way of expressing the faith.
Kuba said...
didn't mean to sound hostile, just wanted to express a cultural shock. You don't see any of that on the Old Continent.
I have no problem with the ashes being smudged across the forehead, it does make sense in the context of the liturgy, but it doesn't make any sense outside of it.
Also, if you take into account the Gospel reading that says "when you fast, wash your face" and yet millions of people take pride in doing the opposite.
I'm happy to be corrected.
Have a blessed Lent,
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Hi Andrew, it seems like a relatively complicated setup with many variables (ie potential sources of error) to control. Here are some additional things to consider:
-Reciprocity failure: Assuming I'm following your methodology correctly, reciprocity failure will have a greater influence as exposure time increases (since you are doing separate exposures). This could help explain the flattening of the highlights. It is best to eliminate reciprocity failure from the test. Using an enlarger as the light source for an in-camera test is problematic because of the relatively low level of illumination.
-Lens extension: For an in-camera test it would be best to focus the lens at infinity. Focusing on your close target means the lens is likely extended enough to require exposure compensation versus the handheld meter.
-Half-stop resolution: If you have limited materials, and given the variables involved, I'd suggest doing the test in full stops to simplify things. You can interpolate between points. Alternatively - if you contact a step tablet you could plot the full curve in 1/2 stops or 1/3 stops using only 2 or three frames of film. It's not an in-camera test, but it eliminates many variables, including flare.
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MySpace, Facebook Unfriend 3,500 Sex Offenders
| Wed Dec. 2, 2009 11:00 AM EST
As long as there have been screennames, there have been perverts with screennames. If you happen to be a registered sex offender in New York State, you can bet the Attorney General's office is watching yours like a hawk.
Despite the internet's reputation as the last bastion of anonymity and a safe haven for nefarious things, New York Attorney General Andrew Cuomo announced Tuesday that his office has wiped 3,500 sex offenders from social networking platforms MySpace and Facebook. Or as he put it, "purge(d) them from their online worlds."
Under the new Electronic Securing and Targeting of Online Predators Act (e-STOP), New York offenders must register their email addresses and usernames, in addition to their physical addresses with the state. So far, only Facebook and MySpace have agreed to help the state, but that's kind of like saying only Apple and Microsoft have signed on.
It's unclear from the attorney general's statement whether the sweep actually caught anybody attempting to do something illegal, but the e-STOP law is pretty stiff. Depending on offenders' parole status and the nature of their crimes, some offenders are barred from ever opening a profile. Which to someone like me who came of age in the aughts, sounds like the best way to keep the online Humberts and Lolitas of the modern world apart, and also just a teensy tiny bit Orwellian.
If social networking is a privilege you think sex offenders should universally forfeit (and I'm not necessarily disagreeing), consider this: only about 8,000 of New York State's nearly 30,000 sex offenders are registered under Cuomo's internet database. If, as America's Most Wanted host John Walsh said in the press release, "social networking websites have become the private hunting grounds for sexual predators," someone might want to start, you know, collecting those screennames.
What do you think? Should more states take New York's no-tolerance line? Is purging an offender's Facebook profile going too far? In a world as slippery as the internet, will offenders just find a work-around?
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http://www.motherjones.com/riff/2009/12/myspace-facebook-unfriend-3500-sex-offenders
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Crash Course
Last week we returned to Steve and Lyndal’s, the farm where we butchered the pig, to help prepare for their housewarming party. Their whole property is centered around growing and preparing food, so it made sense that their party was an elaborate feast. Lyndal said that this party was a way to say thank you to all of the people who helped them develop their farm. I like that idea.
The food showed off what they were up to and allowed everyone to enjoy in the final product. And I got to spend the week in the kitchen working with gorgeous ingredients largely from the farm and learning all sorts of new techniques.
Wood burning cooker
On Monday morning, we made a chart for the week that broke down all of the dishes into parts that could be made ahead of time so that the morning of the party was simply assembling the parts. Over the course of the week, we made enough food to put 50 people into food comas.
Their cooker is not your typical oven and stove setup. It is a wood stove and the temperature is controlled by airflow and the type of wood on the fire. It takes a long time to heat up, requires constant tending and baking often takes longer than in a conventional oven. But, it is way more fun to use!
Because the oven operates differently, following recipes is harder and often impossible. So you have to think, “Okay, why does the recipe say to do this? Is there another way to achieve the same result?” When we started cooking together, my first instinct was to google the answer. But Lyndal would say, “Oh don’t look it up, use your brain! It’s why you have one!” And that is when I started learning. The week felt like an apprenticeship. I was given a lot of freedom to do things like make fava bean hummus or follow the recipe for ham croquettes, but there were also lessons. I told her and showed her that I wanted to learn, so she told me and showed me things I didn’t know.
“You need to know how to make pastry. Want to watch me or do it yourself?” Lyndal asked. “You also need to be able to read recipes in French. Go see if you can figure out the pate a choux recipe and then we’ll go over it together,” she nodded toward the three inch thick cookbook, 2000 Recettes de la Cuisine Francaise while up to her wrists in butter and flour.
And so I did. Except that my translation went something like this: Heat butter, cold water, something something, eggs, something, mix flour until it sounds like “plouf pouf.” She filled in the gaps in my translation and showed me how to make eclairs, reminded me of the need to prep ahead of time, the difference in her knives, and made me appreciate good vinegar.
18 month old air dried ham for croquettes
At the end of the day, when we talked about our highs and lows for the day, mine was always about new things I learned in the kitchen.
Peeking in at the ham in the smoker. This was Zach’s baby.
Haloumi cheese while still in curds and not yet cheese.
The party was a smashing success. People dropped in and out all afternoon and evening and there was enough food that everyone left happy and full. But for me, since it wasn’t my house and they weren’t my friends, the best part was all the work leading up to the party.
The dessert spread at the party.
P.S…. Can you tell that I wish it were my party? One day, friends. One day…
Share this!
1. Mom Menchini says:
Wow…I know L will be jealous when she reads this. I loved reading it and would have loved partaking. It looks like you learned to plouf plouf very well!
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http://bringasnack.com/2012/11/03/crash-course/
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Labor: Are your meal break practices lawful?
Interrupted employee meal breaks could cost you under the Fair Labor Standards Act.
• 30 minutes x 60 days (during two‑year period) = 30 hours x $15 (overtime rate) = $450
• $450 x 2 (liquidated damages) = $900
• $900 x 200 employees = $180,000 back pay liability
Wage and hour lawsuits and collective actions have spiked during the last several years with complaints of off-the-clock work leading the way. In the Northeast, a number of Fair Labor Standards Act lawsuits have been filed targeting the health care industry for allegedly using automatic meal break deductions in violation of federal law. Moreover, earlier this year, the California Court of Appeals validated a state meal break law statute which provides non‑exempt employees an additional hour of pay each day as a penalty for employers who fail to provide a proper meal break under state law. See UPS, Inc. v. Superior Court, 196 Cal. App. 4th 57 (Cal. App. 2 Dist. 2011).
Employers in the retail, service and health care industries are particularly susceptible to off-the-clock work claims involving meal breaks. An employer is not required to give meal breaks under federal law and meal breaks are not required under most state laws. However, under the FLSA:
• The employee must be completely relieved of all duties during the meal break.
Violations of federal and state meal break laws occur when employees are interrupted and required to perform compensable work during their meal break. The potential penalties for failing to provide an uninterrupted 30‑minute meal break are significant.
The Wage and Hour Division of the U.S. Department of Labor, which enforces the FLSA, takes the enforcement position that any employee’s meal break is compensable when the employee does not receive an uninterrupted meal break of at least 30 minutes in duration. Thus, even if an employee is interrupted 20 minutes into their meal break to perform a minute or two of compensable work, the DOL will take the position that the employee did not receive a full, uninterrupted 30‑minute meal break and therefore the entire meal break time is compensable. As a result, the employer either owes the employee a new uninterrupted 30‑minute meal break, or the employee must be compensated for the meal break that was taken.
There is significant room for error with meal breaks for employers who automatically deduct the meal break from an employee’s pay. If an employer automatically deducts a 30‑minute meal break but the employee does not take the full meal break or their meal break is interrupted, the employer must ensure that it has proper procedures in place to either provide the non‑exempt employee another meal break or pay the non‑exempt employee for the interrupted meal break. Otherwise, the non‑exempt employee has not been compensated for all hours worked.
Automatic deductions for meal breaks from non‑exempt employees’ hours worked are lawful under the FLSA only if an employer ensures that an employee takes a full half‑hour meal break. Although automatic deductions may make sense in certain settings – an assembly line that shuts down for half an hour; a receptionist leaves for an hour and another receptionist takes his or her place – the majority of non‑exempt employees work in job settings that are more difficult to track.
Because of the growing number of lawsuits involving meal breaks as well as an increased emphasis by the Obama administration on wage and hour enforcement, employers should carefully review their meal break policies and practices, following these steps:
• Employers who require non‑exempt employees to clock in and out for meal should ensure that employees are clocking out for a full 30‑minute meal break.
It is also critical for employers to have sound written policies and practices concerning meal breaks to help reduce the risk of a potential collective action. Because most employers’ meal break policies and practices are consistent throughout the company, failure to properly provide non‑exempt employees with full 30‑minute uninterrupted meal breaks are ripe for collective actions. Employers in retail and service industries are particularly susceptible to meal break violations. Best practices include prohibiting non‑exempt employees from taking a meal break at their work location, especially employees who have access to the public or who are particularly susceptible to being interrupted during a meal break.
Because the DOL takes the position that an employer is obligated to pay an employee for the entire meal break if they are interrupted, back pay liability can add up quickly. Assuming employees worked a 40‑hour week, an employer could be liable for 30 minutes of back pay at time and a half for each employee, for each violation. Moreover, the back pay liability can be liquidated under the FLSA’s liquidated damages provisions. 29 U.S.C. § 216(b). Take steps to avoid facing wage and hour lawsuits and collective actions. The time is ripe for all employers to review their meal break policies to ensure compliance with federal and applicable state laws.
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http://www.insidecounsel.com/2011/09/28/labor-are-your-meal-break-practices-lawful?t=labor-employment
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Skip Navigation LinksSFSC Home > College Procedures > College Procedure
Back to Index
South Florida State College
Administrative Procedures
Procedure: 5061
Title: Advancement in Rank of Faculty
Based on Policy: 5.06 - Credentials
Office of Primary Responsibility: Vice President for Administrative Services
1. Purpose:
To describe the process for advancing in rank in accordance with the college’s professional standards for faculty and academic administrators and salary schedule
2. Procedure:
1. General provisions
1. Faculty are eligible to receive an increase in salary upon award of an advanced degree or, in some cases, upon earning additional graduate semester hours in the teaching field.
2. Instructional ranks are based on academic achievement as established in the college document Professional Standards for Faculty and Academic Administrators.
3. Salary increases associated with advancement in rank are established in the college’s current salary schedule.
4. Notwithstanding the timelines established in this procedure, academic deans should be aware of anticipated advancements for budget planning purposes.
2. Applying for advancement
1. At least 60 days prior to the award of an advanced degree, the faculty member must notify the supervisor, in writing, of the anticipated award date and request advancement to the appropriate academic rank. A current transcript must be attached to the request.
Note: Faculty who have filed an educational program and/or received educational grants through the SPD Committee must also apply for advancement in rank as provided in this procedure.
2. The supervisor will make a recommendation to the appropriate division dean.
3. The division dean will make a recommendation to the vice president for educational and student services (VPESS).
4. Upon approval by the VPESS, the request will be forwarded to the director, human resources, who will notify the faculty member of approval, pending receipt of an official* transcript that verifies award of degree or needed additional hours.
*An official transcript is one which bears a college seal and has been forwarded directly from the issuing institution to the South Florida State College Human Resources Department. Photocopies and student copies are not official transcripts for credentialing purposes.
3. Salary increase
1. Upon receipt of a transcript showing the degree award date, the director, human resources (or a designee) will initiate a personnel action to increase the faculty member’s salary retroactively to the date of the degree award.
2. If the degree is awarded after the faculty member’s last duty day within any academic year, the salary increase will become effective the following academic year.
3. The calculation for the salary increase will be based on the faculty member’s daily rate.
4. Adjunct faculty and non-instructional college employees teaching overloads
1. Instructional ranks as prescribed in the college’s Professional Standards for Faculty and Academic Administrators also apply to adjunct faculty and other non-instructional college employees who are teaching overloads.
2. Pay rates for these employees are established in the current salary schedule; however, increases due to advancement in rank will be effective at the beginning of the term (or class assignment) following the degree award, pending receipt of an official transcript.
3. The appropriate instructional rank for these employees will be established by the director, human resources in consultation with the appropriate division dean.
History: Last Revised: 12/1/09
Adopted: 8/9/2005
Revised: 12/1/09
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RSS Feeds
Smoke bomb goes off at Occupy D.C.
Tuesday - 1/17/2012, 10:14pm ET
AP: eb196056-c225-4de3-b317-784ff3ae6f78
An Occupy DC protester's sign and tents sit in McPherson Square Park in Washington, Friday, Jan. 13, 2012. (AP Photo/Cliff Owen)
Smoke bomb interrupts Occupy D.C. protests
Michelle Basch, WTOP news
However, people inside the White House were being prevented from exiting on the Pennsylvania Avenue side of the building as the situation was being resolved.
Ogilvie says there were 1,000 to 1,500 protesters at one point. He said something appearing to be a smoke bomb was thrown over the fence and that the device was being removed.
Earlier in the day, several hundred protesters converged on the West Lawn of the Capitol to decry the influence of corporate money in politics and voice myriad other grievances.
While the rally was mostly peaceful, there were some scuffles between police and protesters along walkways leading to the Capitol. By mid-afternoon Tuesday, four people had been arrested _ U.S. Capitol Police said _ one for allegedly assaulting a police officer and three accused of crossing a police line.
"What I regret about some of the Occupy movements is the dilution of the message," Filson said. "A lot of Occupy people have to realize that they're being counterproductive."
Later Tuesday, small groups of protesters entered House office buildings in a bid to meet with individual members of Congress. Participants also planned to march to the Supreme Court and the White House.
It was not clear whether the out-of-town protesters would swell the ranks of the two Occupy encampments in Washington. Late Tuesday, a House oversight subcommittee announced that it would hold a hearing next week on why the protesters have been allowed to remain in McPherson Square _ which city officials say is infested with rats _ despite a ban on camping on park service property.
Protesters Rachel Marcotte and Taft Clark, 23, planned to return to their tent at Occupy New Haven in Connecticut, which has been compromised by snow.
"We're told that it's still up, but it's not looking good," Clark said. "We have some work to do when we get back."
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Take the 2-minute tour ×
I have lots of problems with my Lenovo G470 after there was a water spill accident 3 months ago which caused half my keyboard to be damaged.
1. Recently the screen flickers or there will be totally no screen on boot.
2. There is one instant that after many tries, I got the screen to work but there is no network detected. But I know my wireless network works and that my computer's wireless is turned on.
Anyone can help with this? Is it worth it to get it repair? I don't think that water spills are covered by the warranty: can they detect it?
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
From the issues you describe, I'd assume that the water managed to damage quite a few internal parts (namely, the ones responsible for video and wireless).
From Lenovo's warranty policy:
This warranty does not cover the following: [...] failure or damage resulting from misuse, accident, modification, unsuitable physical or operating environment, natural disasters, power surges, or improper maintenance by you;
(emphasis mine). So I think you're out of luck here: the warranty does not cover water damage. You might want to send it to repair and get a quote, and see whether it's worth to repair it.
share|improve this answer
This is more to add to Renan's answer than anything else. He covered the fact that you can't expect Lenovo to foot the bill on this one, and did so very well.
3 months ago
That's part of the issue right there. That, and attempting to get it to work without getting it fixed. That may have bade the difference between just replacing the keyboard, and having to replace the keyboard as well as the motherboard. Time is one of the enemies here. Getting a laptop dry after a spill is paramount, and can still cost you a keyboard. Most of the time there is just no getting the moisture out from between the three layers of plastic that make up the actual working components of the keyboard. At all. Ever.
But you've got 3 months of shorting contacts now. 3 months of making connections that were never supposed to have been made, and you are seeing the results.
So, the keyboard needs to be replaced. That's first. The unit needs to be disassembled, inspected, and possibly cleaned. So, you should expect to pay at the very least, a diagnostic fee and the time to clean the unit... and that's just to find out if it will be worth it to repair. From there, you will face either just replacing a keyboard, or replacing much more as well.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer
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http://superuser.com/questions/426795/screen-flicker-no-screen-and-wireless-problems-after-water-spill
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Harold Osborn
Home > News > Paris 1924 News > Unsung Osborn makes Olympic mark
Paris 1924
Unsung Osborn makes Olympic mark
Unsung Osborn makes Olympic mark
The 1924 Olympic Games held in Paris are probably best remembered for two things; the exploits of the athletes marked in the Oscar-winning film Chariots of Fire, and the breathtaking achievements of Finnish running machine Paavo Nurmi. Yet one all-round American athlete could have rightly left the Games thinking he had made the most indelible mark on events in the Olympic Stadium.
When Harold Osborn sustained a severe eye injury as a teenager, it put a huge dent into his potential athletic career as he became unable to judge distances easily.
It was a condition which made his later success in the decathlon, where skill, precision, endurance and raw speed are put to their most severe test, all the more surprising.
And for an athlete who finds it difficult to assess and perceive objects, it’s hard to imagine a more difficult event to succeed in than the high jump.
Raised on an Illinois farm in an athletics-keen family, Osborn had always been encouraged to jump, run, leap further and faster than all of his school friends.
He enjoyed a massively successful collegiate career and went to Paris as the favourite in the high jump but as something of an unknown quantity in the decathlon.
The high jump turned into a one-man show. He cleared every height using an accurately measured run-up which helped him assess the precise moment he should execute his leap.
In a whirl of arms and legs he set an Olympic record of 6ft 6ins which would remain unbeaten until Berlin 12 years later.
Later in the week he faced the ultimate Olympic test; the decathlon. Spread over two tiring, hot days, Osborn trailed American compatriot Emerson Norton thanks mainly to a huge pole vault of 3.80m.
However Norton’s throwing arm deserted him in the penultimate event, the javelin, and Osborn then finished over 40 seconds ahead of Norton in the closing 1500m to secure the gold.
It was a world record of 7,710.775 points, and to this day he is the only athlete to have won the decathlon and an individual event at the same Games.
Discover the best photos of Paris 1924
• Johnny Weissmuller (USA)
A part of Hollywood legend for his role as Tarzan, Johnny Weissmuller was nonetheless an accomplished swimmer. At the Paris 1924 Games, he won gold in the 100m freestyle, 400m freestyle and 4x200m freestyle relay. We see him here after his 400m freestyle surrounded by his fellow medal-winners, Sweden’s Arne Borg (2nd, on the right) and the USA’s Andrew Charlton (3rd, on the left)
• Paavo Nurmi (FIN)
Finnish athlete Paavo Nurmi won five gold medals at the Paris 1924 Games. He won the individual cross country, team cross country, the 1500m, 5000m and the team 3000m events. On 10 July 1924, he won the 1500m before victoriously taking gold, 55 minutes later (!) in the 5000m
• Winner’s medal Paris 1924
• Liddell Chaired
18th July 1924: Eric Liddell (1902 - 1945), winner of the 400 metres at the 1924 Paris Olympics, is paraded around Edinburgh University after his victory. He was known as the 'Flying Scotsman' and was immortalised in the film Chariots of Fire. (Photo by Firmin/Topical Press Agency/Getty Images)
• Liddell Triumphant
18th July 1924: Scottish athlete Eric Liddell (1902 - 1945) is paraded around Edinburgh University after winning the 400 metres at the 1924 Paris Olympics. Eric Liddell, known as the 'Flying Scotsman' went to the Paris Olympics in 1924 as the favourite t
• Eric Liddell
Scottish athlete and missionary, Eric Henry Liddell (1902 -1945) being carried round the streets after his Olympic victory. Eric Liddell, known as the 'Flying Scotsman' went to the Paris Olympics in 1924 as the favourite to win the 100 metres race but refused to run because he felt that running on a Sunday conflicted with his Christian beliefs. He won a bronze medal in the 200 metres event instead and then ran the 400 metre race despite having little experience at the distance. He not only won the gold medal but broke the world record by completing the race in 47.6 seconds, an achievement which is celebrated in the 1981 film 'Chariots of Fire'. Liddell gained two degrees, one in science and the other in divinity, before leaving Britain to work as a Scottish Congregational Church missionary in China as his parents had before him. Original Publication: People Disc - HG0205 (Photo by Topical Press Agency/Getty Images)
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http://www.olympic.org/news/harold-osborn-athletics/179845
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Chegg Guided Solutions for Managerial Accounting for Managers 2nd Edition Chapter 4 Problem 24P
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Interpretive Questions on the CVP Graph
A CVP graph such as the one shown below is a useful technique for showing relationships among an organization’s costs, volume, and profits.
1. Identify the numbered components in the CVP graph.
2. State the effect of each of the following actions on line 3, line 9, and the break-even point. For line 3 and line 9, state whether the action will cause the line to:
Remain unchanged.
Shift upward.
Shift downward.
Have a steeper slope (i.e., rotate upward).
Have a flatter slope (i.e., rotate downward).
Shift upward and have a steeper slope.
Shift upward and have a flatter slope.
Shift downward and have a steeper slope.
Shift downward and have a flatter slope.
In the case of the break-even point, state whether the action will cause the break-even point to:
Remain unchanged.
Probably change, but the direction is uncertain.
Treat each case independently.
x. Example. Fixed costs are reduced by $5,000 per period.
Answer (see choices above):
Line 3: Shift downward.
Line 9: Remain unchanged.
Break-even point: Decrease.
a. The unit selling price is increased from $18 to $20.
b. Unit variable costs are decreased from$12 to $10.
c. Fixed costs are increased by $3,000 per period.
d. Two thousand more units are sold during the period than were budgeted.
e. Due to paying salespersons a commission rather than a flat salary, fixed costs are reduced by $8,000 per period and unit variable costs are increased by $3.
f. Due to an increase in the cost of materials, both unit variable costs and the selling price are increased by $2.
g. Advertising costs are increased by $10,000 per period, resulting in a 10% increase in the number of units sold.
h. Due to automating an operation previously done by workers, fixed costs are increased by $12,000 per period and unit variable costs are reduced by $4.
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After 10 years on Fonovisa, Los Temerarios strike out on their own-they wouldn't have it any other way
For most established acts, the switch from major label to indie requires adjustment. But for Mexican romantic duo Los Temerarios, the shift, after a decade with regional Mexican giant Fonovisa (now part of Universal Music Latin Entertainment), hasn't been so dramatic.
That's because Los Temerarios' Adolfo -- composer, producer and businessman -- and Gustavo Angel -- the voice that gives life to his older brother's creations -- have always licensed their albums instead of signing with a label (save for a brief moment at the beginning of their 35-year career), keeping the rights to and control over their masters. Now, as they prepare for the Oct. 16 release of "Mi Vida Sin Ti" ("My Life Without You"), their first independent project since 1997, the brothers are simply doing what they know: recording, promoting and selling their own music.
"We made the decision to be independent over 20 years ago and created our own label, AFG Sigma Records, which distributed our albums for several years," Adolfo says, referring to a period (1990-97) when Los Temerarios rose to prominence to become Mexico's top-selling romantic group. In 1997, they signed a licensing agreement with Fonovisa, which distributed the act and also bolstered it with aggressive radio and TV promotion, helping establish the two as superstars. Still, Adolfo says, "In today's music industry, it's not necessary to sign licensing agreements. So we're doing everything ourselves through our new label, Virtus."
Virtus will release "Mi Vida Sin Ti" through distribution deals with two indies: Select-O-Hits for the United States and Puerto Rico and CD Regia -- the Mexican distribution company owned by former Disa owner German Chavez -- in Mexico. Produced by Adolfo with Rudy Perez, the 10-track set hews close to Los Temerarios' signature mix of wistful love songs with arrangements that veer from traditional Mexican (cumbia, ranchera and the keyboard-heavy sound associated with Mexican romantic groups) to sophisticated pop, a duality no one else in their sphere embraces. "Mi Vida Sin Ti" more than ever showcases Gustavo's high, expressive tenor.
"They've really returned to their roots," says Perez (Christina Aguilera, Julio Iglesias), who began working with Los Temerarios several albums ago because they wanted to attract a pop audience that went beyond their traditional regional Mexican listenership. This time around, Perez says, "we fused their new, more pop sound with the past. Adolfo is a genius at knowing his brand and what his audience likes. Many times he'll say, 'We can't do that because my audience won't get it.' And that's really important with a group as big as this one."
Los Temerarios have notched eight No. 1s on Billboard's Top Latin Albums chart, more than any other group in any genre in the history of the tally. In addition, they've notched 22 top 10 albums, plus four chart-toppers on Hot Latin Songs, including the first ranchera to hit No. 1. All told, they've had 41 chart hits.
The success is in no small part due to the enterprising nature of the brothers, who started their careers self-releasing their own music, a formula their reggaeton counterparts would follow years later.
"I would take our little demos to every label, and they'd all say, 'Come back next month,'" recalls Adolfo, who was barely in his teens when the duo first started to record. "Since no one wanted us, we released our own albums to sell at our gigs. Then we started taking the singles to radio and we'd drop off the albums in consignment at the local record stores. When we started selling 5,000, 6,000 copies, suddenly they wanted to sign us."
Now, more than 30 years later, "Mi Vida Sin Ti" is being handled with that same spirit. To support the release, Los Temerarios have assembled a team of people they've long worked with, including former Fonovisa marketing VP Alberto Del Castillo, who handles marketing and promotion through his company In Motion, and former Univision Music Group head of sales Jeff Young, who oversees sales and marketing through his company, Venetian Marketing Group. The Angels' manager is Mayra Alba, their cousin, who has long worked with them and books their tours.
Key to the release, Young says, is a low retail price of $8.99-$9.99 at most outlets. "We thought it was the right thing to do," he says. "They've been out of the market four years and we wanted to give a good value."
Although Los Temerarios filmed a Walmart "Acceso Total" special and their album will be the anchor of the retailer's Oct. 16 release slate, they're not giving any retailer exclusivity nor are they releasing special editions tied to specific retailers.
The same applies to radio. The title track/single is only being worked in its original grupero/pop version. But, Del Castillo says, a major plus is the duo's current 68-date U.S. tour, on which it's playing venues in the 4,000- to 6,000-seat range. It's the act's biggest stateside trek, and will allow for promotion at every stop. That kind of following, Perez says, makes the difference. "A group with such a loyal fan base will never have a problem, regardless of what's happening in the industry," he says. "Those fans are going to support them, always."
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Take the 2-minute tour ×
I used to fix the \overline command to get a conjugate complex number for I think the line does not so satisfy me by its length. You may noticed something like:
could turn fine by:
The \bar command don't have any profit in this situation.
How can I creat a command without cocerning the specific letter to get appropriate line width?
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
You can try the following. It measures the difference in width between the upright (\mathrm) and the normal math character. The overline is set over a phantom box of the size of the upright symbol. It is then moved to the right with the difference in width between the two characters. It will work for super and subscripted symbols also
\[\oversymb{N} + \oversymb{F} + \oversymb{C}\]
\[\oversymb{A} + \oversymb{a} + \oversymb{B} + \oversymb{b} + \oversymb{i}\]
The result is
enter image description here
share|improve this answer
Your Answer
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http://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/15578/about-overline-command?answertab=active
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[an error occurred while processing this directive]
BBC News
watch One-Minute World News
Last Updated: Saturday, 9 June 2007, 15:27 GMT 16:27 UK
Police reject UK rendition claims
Prisoner at Guantanamo Bay
The Council of Europe has accused the UK of collusion
An inquiry has found no evidence that British airports were used by the CIA flying terrorist suspects for torture in other countries.
The investigation by the Association of Chief Police Officers followed claims by campaign group Liberty concerning "extraordinary rendition" flights.
But aviation expert Chris Yates said he believed evidence to prove the planes came to the UK was "out there".
He said the government had supported rendition flights "by any definition".
Liberty insisted that its claims were based on "credible investigations".
It had alleged that 210 CIA flights carrying terrorist suspects for possible torture had entered Britain since 2001.
Earlier a report by the Council of Europe alleged flights did pass through the UK and other European countries.
Acpo's findings emerged hours after the Council of Europe had also said there was evidence to prove the CIA had run secret jails in Europe.
When politicians spin it is disappointing. When police engage in the same activity, it is rather more dangerous
Shami Chakrabarti,
It said prisons were used to interrogate terrorism suspects "in Europe from 2003 to 2005, in particular in Poland and Romania".
A year ago the report's author, Swiss MP Dick Marty, named the UK as one of 14 European countries which he said had colluded with the CIA in the operation of secret flights delivering terrorist suspects for interrogation.
The CIA later dismissed that report, with a spokesman saying it was biased and distorted, and that the agency had operated lawfully.
The chief constable of Greater Manchester, Michael Todd, began an investigation into Liberty's claims.
In a letter sent by Liberty to ACPO in November 2005, the group had claimed there was a "very real suspicion that the CIA is transporting people against their will through this country on their way to deliver them to state authorities in third countries" where they would be subjected to "torture at the hands of those authorities".
If this was the case, it said, then the CIA operatives were committing various offences while on British soil - torture, aiding and abetting and/or conspiracy to torture, false imprisonment and kidnapping.
A statement released by Acpo following the inquiry said: "The issue of rendition has been aired extensively in the media and has featured prominently in official reports over a recent period of months.
"Mr Todd has now examined all of the information available relating to this issue and has concluded that there is indeed no evidence to substantiate Liberty's allegations.
By any definition the government has given support to the CIA in rendition flights, either by clearance through UK airspace or clearance to use our airports
Chris Yates
"There was no evidence that UK airports were used to transport people by the CIA for torture in other countries."
But Liberty's Shami Chakrabarti questioned how closely Mr Todd had looked into the allegations.
She insisted Liberty's complaint had been based upon "credible investigations that Britain had been used as a staging post".
Ms Chakrabarti said Liberty had plenty of evidence of CIA activity in terms of aircraft coming through the UK and testimony from people who say they had been rendered, but did not have the police's investigating powers to prove particular cases.
"When politicians spin it is disappointing. When police engage in the same activity it is rather more dangerous," she said earlier.
Government compliance
Mr Yates, who carried out an investigation into rendition flights in 2005, said there was "absolutely no doubt whatsoever" that the planes have visited the UK.
"There's enough evidence in terms of photographs and logs of planes taking off and comparisons of aircraft tail numbers," he said.
"These flights tally with certain activities which took place on certain dates in other countries - the picking up of CIA suspects.
Chief Constable Michael Todd
Chief Constable Michael Todd responded to Liberty's complaint
"The question as to whether any of the rendition passengers were on the planes or whether they were normal CIA flights, which do visit this country, we will never know. It's all smoke and mirrors."
Liberal Democrat foreign affairs spokesman Michael Moore said that the inquiry does not "let the government off the hook".
He said: "The government has persistently failed to ask the right questions of the US authorities and so it is hardly a surprise that there's little new material on which the police can comment."
Requests granted
It was alleged in 2005 that airports at Biggin Hill, Birmingham, Bournemouth, Gatwick, Heathrow, Luton and Stansted, and RAF bases at Brize Norton, Mildenhall, Farnborough and Northolt had allowed CIA or CIA-chartered jets to land.
Liberty raised the issue in letters to the chief constables of Bedfordshire, Dorset, Essex, Hampshire, the Metropolitan Police, the Ministry of Defence Police, Suffolk, Sussex, Thames Valley and West Midlands.
The Foreign Office previously said the US had requested permission to transfer detainees through the UK on four occasions - all of them in 1998.
The government had granted two of the requests, and the individuals had stood trial in the US, according to the Foreign Office.
Human rights advocate speaks of a 'whitewash'
The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites
Has China's housing bubble burst?
How the world's oldest clove tree defied an empire
Why Royal Ballet principal Sergei Polunin quit
Americas Africa Europe Middle East South Asia Asia Pacific
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Channels ▼
Enea Tool Release Targets Multicore CPUs
Enea has announced availability of its Enea Optima 2.1, an Eclipse-based IDE. Optima 2.1 features enhanced system-level debugging functionality for multicore and multiprocessor application development.
Enea Optima 2.1 integrates two system-level debug tools:
• The Enea Black Box Recorder which provides an operating system independent and portable high-performance trace and log implementation for target systems.
• The Optima Log Analyzer provides visual presentation of the captured log information in Gantt charts, sequence charts, state charts, plots and textual views. It provides automated facilities for importing logs, collecting and refining log data, filtering and searching logs, fusing and managing multiple logs, and mapping recorded information to high-level models.
In addition to supporting embedded operating systems like OSE, Linux, and VxWorks, the Optima release extends these capabilities to DSPs by providing support for Enea OSEck, a high-performance operating system for signal processing applications.
"As the amount of software is rapidly growing in modern multicore and multi CPU embedded systems, it becomes more and more difficult to obtain the insight needed to develop, test and maintain it" said Mathias Bath, senior vice president of marketing at Enea. "To help solve this problem, our Optima Tool Suite raises the abstraction level allowing application debugging to be done at the system level, rather than individual source code lines. The results are shorter development cycles and higher quality products."
The Enea Optima tool suite is an Eclipse-based IDE targeting the Enea OSE, Enea OSEck and other real-time and embedded operating systems. Using the Eclipse platform and C/C++ development tools, Optima provides system-level browsing, debugging, profiling and analysis tools for debugging and optimization of large-scale distributed applications spanning multiple processors. All Optima plug-ins support fully distributed debugging, which enables any target CPU or DSP in a connected network to be accessed without the need for a direct connection.
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Tuesday, January 27, 2009
Beware of Biologists Bearing Results
This "revolutionary" result about genes and behavior is, I think, an example of reporters being insufficiently skeptical of professorial hype.
"Some of the things we find are frankly bizarre," said Nicholas Christakis of Harvard University in Massachusetts, who helped conduct the study.
It's only bizarre if you say it like that. Genes determine personality (at least to some extent), personality determines whether you have friends that would like one another. Some people have much more heterogeneous tastes in people than others. Yes, this poses certain problems for naive applications of network theory to human interactions, but that's only radical if you're a naive network theorist.
Sunday, January 25, 2009
The Maggots in the Sunset [long post]
One of the minor pleasures of literary criticism is following an image or thought as it develops, deepens, and eventually mutates. A neat example of this is the carpe diem poem in English, which moves with surprising coherence from the pretty to the frankly horrifying through a sequence of poems linked by allusions. One of the valuable things about this sequence is that it roots one of Alexander Pope's angriest passages of satire in Renaissance lyric verse, and provides an explicit bridge between the traditions.
Most of the poems in this sequence are famous, and all of them are quite obviously linked by allusion. It begins with Catullus's Poem 5 (Vivamus, mea Lesbia), as translated by Thomas Campion ca. 1600:
My sweetest Lesbia, let us live and love,
And though the sager sort our deeds reprove,
Let us not weigh them. Heaven's great lamps do dive
Into their west, and straight again revive,
But soon as once set is our little light,
Then must we sleep one ever-during night.
"The sager sort" translates Catullus's "senum severiorum," or "censorious old men," the incipient maggots in the sunset. However, they are there only as a rhetorical counter, and the general tone of the poem is celebratory, like the Catullus. It doesn't seem terribly likely that Lesbia will weigh the sager sorts; after all, who does?
A decade or so later, Ben Jonson reworked the Catullus into a song in his play Volpone (1607):
Time will not be ours for ever:
He at length our good will sever.
Spend not then his gifts in vain;
Suns that set may rise again,
But if once we lose this light
'Tis, with us, perpetual night.
Why should we defer our joys?
Fame and rumour are but toys.
Cannot we delude the eyes
Of a few poor household spies?
Or his easier ears beguile,
So removed by our wile?
Except that this is a dirty old man trying to rape a woman he bought from her husband. The worms are implied, but only by the dramatic situation in which the poem is embedded. Auden remarks somewhere that "carpe diem" is a dirty old man's song, but this comes from reading the history backwards; Campion and Jonson are both translating Catullus, who was dirty but not old. Besides, the song is so jarringly effective in the play because of its inappropriateness, because it isn't what an old lecher ought to be thinking about, and because it emphasizes the general depravity of Volpone's world.
The next step in the progression is Robert Herrick (in Hesperides, 1648):
GATHER ye rosebuds while ye may,
Old time is still a-flying :
And this same flower that smiles to-day
To-morrow will be dying.
The glorious lamp of heaven, the sun,
The higher he's a-getting,
The sooner will his race be run,
And nearer he's to setting.
That age is best which is the first,
When youth and blood are warmer ;
But being spent, the worse, and worst
Times still succeed the former.
Then be not coy, but use your time,
And while ye may go marry :
For having lost but once your prime
You may for ever tarry.
Herrick is channeling Catullus-Campion-Jonson (stanza 2), but death and age are much more evident in this poem than in the previous ones. The threat of an ever-during night is fleshed out, though not yet maggoted, and the third stanza is evidently an old man writing about aging. Herrick was generally one of the least morbid poets of his generation, and the darkness is far from idiosyncratic.
Curiously, the antithesis between the recurring sun and death's "perpetual night" has become a parallel: just as the sun will set, so will your beauty. Presumably this has to do with the complex of Roman ideas about the gradual decline of the world from its Golden Age to the present, and it also evokes the fact that as you age the sun no longer seems to warm you quite so well (hence the old couples swaddled and shivering on park benches). However, the metaphor is somewhat muddled -- the sun is a lamp running a race -- and probably shouldn't be looked at too hard.
Andrew Marvell (ca. 1655) turns the lamp into a chariot, and puts the worms front and center:
But at my back I always hear
Time's winged chariot hurrying near;
And yonder all before us lie
Deserts of vast eternity.
Thy beauty shall no more be found,
Nor, in thy marble vault, shall sound
My echoing song; then worms shall try
That long preserv'd virginity,
And your quaint honour turn to dust,
And into ashes all my lust.
The grave's a fine and private place,
But none I think do there embrace.
Marvell was certainly alluding to Herrick in this poem (titled "To His Coy Mistress," cf. "coy" in the Herrick) and they're often read together in English courses, but the emphasis is markedly different. "Quaint" was a common 16th cent. euphemism for "cunt"; though somewhat dated (quaint?) by Marvell's time, it was known and occasionally used -- "quaint honor" is an image, not just an abstraction. The passage is somber and grand in the way a lot of medieval work is, albeit with a lighter and wittier touch, because it is so general; it is beautiful because of the grandeur, in which the worms -- being universal and natural -- share some of the dignity of the marble vault and its "dust and ashes."
Lord Rochester (ca. 1675) gets a strikingly different texture out of the Herrick-Marvell formula by injecting an element of the sordid:
Phyllis, be gentler, I advise;
Make up for time misspent:
When Beauty on its deathbed lies,
’Tis high time to repent.
Such is the malice of your fate:
That makes you old too soon,
Your pleasure ever comes too late,
How early e’er begun.
Think what a wretched thing is she
Who stars contrive, in spite,
The morning of her love should be
Her fading beauty’s night.
Then, if to make your ruin more,
You’ll peevishly be coy,
Die with the scandal of a whore
And never know the joy.
The entreaty becomes "advice" -- "gather ye rosebuds since everybody thinks you're a whore" -- as the speaker grows progressively more insolent, and the threatened fate grows nastier and more specific. While everyone dies, only some are remembered as whores. Rochester learned his technique from the Metaphysical poets and his sensibility from Restoration society, and the juxtaposition is a good part of his importance. In this case it doesn't really do the poem much good (though the last stanza is worthwhile) but it does make it interesting, because Rochester's getting at the missing piece in Marvell's poem, which is that one grows unattractive before one dies. The ideas in this poem resurface, in 18th cent. dress, in Alexander Pope's "Epistle to a Lady":
From loveless youth to unrespected age,
No Passion gratified except her Rage.
So much the Fury still out-ran the Wit,
The Pleasure missed her, and the Scandal hit.
Writing in the third person solves the tonal ugliness of Rochester's poem; gossip is less offensive than hectoring. Besides, the come-on poem is ill-suited to social commentary for obvious reasons. Pope returns to the ungathered rosebuds, and to Rochester's sentiment, a hundred lines later, in one of my favorite passages of 18th cent. verse:
Pleasures the sex, as children Birds, pursue,
Still out of reach, yet never out of view,
To covet flying, and regret when lost:
At last, to follies Youth could scarce defend,
It grows their Age's prudence to pretend;
Ashamed to own they gave delight before,
Reduced to feign it, when they give no more:
As Hags hold Sabbaths, less for joy than spite,
So these their merry, miserable Night;
Still round and round the Ghosts of Beauty glide,
And haunt the places where their Honour died.
See how the World its Veterans rewards!
A Youth of Frolicks, an old Age of Cards,
Fair to no purpose, artful to no end,
Young without Lovers, old without a Friend,
A Fop their Passion, but their Prize a Sot,
Alive, ridiculous, and dead, forgot!
"Their merry, miserable Night" is the ultimate descendant of "nox perpetua una dormienda," and the "deserts of vast eternity" are filled with assed-out dowagers playing euchre. Of course, Pope isn't accusing the women of virginity -- just of the incompetent pursuit of happiness -- but the pathos of an insufficiently lived life is the same, and Pope gets it across with incredible vividness. One wouldn't normally think of "Epistle to a Lady" as a carpe diem poem at all, but the Rochester is a clear bridge from Herrick to Pope.
Note that the days get more and more unseized as we progress toward the 18th cent. -- if one can read Campion as "stop brushing your teeth and let us have sex instead," Marvell's more like "don't drag this out for years, you know you want me," and by Pope the day is irrevocably past.
Philander Chase
is the real name of an actual bishop. Though he was by all accounts an upright citizen, you have to wonder whether he wasn't too liberal in the exercise of his bishoprick.
Wikipedia has more:
He became the founder and first president of Kenyon College and Bexley Hall seminary in Gambier, Ohio in 1824. Originally the college existed in Worthington, Ohio, but Chase chose to relocate the school on the remote hill of Gambier to protect his students from the immorality (such as drinking and dancing) that could be found in cities.
Wednesday, January 21, 2009
Billionaires will be boys
The findings of this piece (via Grobstein) are intriguing but I'm not sure how seriously to take them. The claim that this research allegedly supports is that billionaires are likelier to have sons than daughters because it's adaptive from the POV of maximizing grandchildren. But the presentation fails to address what is, to my mind, the obvious question, which is how much of this effect is due to third-world culture. I wish, in particular, that they had a graph showing (a) regional variation, (b) ethnic variation -- I'm very curious to know if the finding is robust if restricted to Jewish or techie billionaires, for example. The Forbes list for 2008 had a rather large number of Arabs, Indians, Russians, and other poor-country rich people who would presumably abort their female offspring. I wonder how much of the effect remains when you restrict yourself to, say, techie billionaires. Collecting the data is unfortunately quite difficult, but a preliminary look at the obvious suspects -- Bill Gates, Larry Ellison, Steve Ballmer, etc. -- didn't seem to give anything like the 60% male headline number.
Holbo on Frum
John Holbo's enormous rant about conservatism a la David Frum is not without merit. Holbo starts from Frum's remark that many conservatives disapprove of a safety net because it leads to risky and irresponsible behavior, like not saving up to send your kids to college because the government will pay for them. This belief is definitely central to the economic views of many social conservatives; I imagine it's true as a matter of fact, but I'd tend to think of it as a feature not a bug. Holbo takes this logic to its (seemingly absurd) conclusion, which is that government should actively create hardships so that people can develop skills to overcome them.
Holbo notes that this is what aestheticism tends to imply for politics. As an aesthete, I'm not sure the conclusion is absurd, though I disagree with it. You can't scrub your ethics clean of some notion of the content and shape of a good life. Obviously there are a lot of other things that have a higher priority -- I might support meritocracy, for instance, not because I think smart people deserve pleasanter lives, but because it leads to technological progress -- but I don't think aesthetic considerations are dispensable. For instance, I think of alienation and rootlessness as fundamentally good things; I approve of big leaps, long journeys, and intense, solitary work; I tend to locate human worth at the tails rather than the middle of a distribution -- all of this drives me in the opposite direction from Frum, toward policies that are friendly to the isolated or exceptional individual; but it's aesthetics nonetheless, and I don't see any way around being informed by one's personal version of it.
Tuesday, January 20, 2009
As Geoff Nunberg pointed out, Obama's speech has a rather neat example of polyptoton:
The nation cannot prosper long when it favors only the prosperous.
I knew I'd used this word somewhere and forgotten what it meant. Sure enough, Windows search yielded an old "Grammar of English" assignment on Faulkner that I can no longer decipher:
I wrote about the polysyndeton in (2) last time; along with the lack of punctuation and the doubling of nouns and verbs, it conveys a sense of breathless and somewhat confused excitement. There are several parallel items in this list, but isocolon has been avoided, sometimes by introducing additional words (e.g. shoats and grown pigs and even calves) in order to vary the rhythm. The polyptoton of “shotgun” and “shots” is also in the spirit of this near- but not-quite repetition, which creates the heavy, but not monotonous or sing-song, rhythm of the list.
Inauguration, Cont'd
The blogosphere agrees that Obama's speech was a B+ at best. (I recommend Packer and the TNR staff.) I tend to agree with this as an absolute assessment, but I do think it's better than the post-Iowa fluff or the much-praised Jefferson-Jackson dinner speech that jump-started his campaign in late 2007. As Noam Scheiber (TNR) says, the inaugural speech had a coherent historical framework, viz. that the past eight years were an unfortunate detour from the main sequence of American history, and that "America is back." The implication here is something like "for eight years, we were the kind of country that waterboards innocent people, but now we are the kind of country that elects minorities to high office." Obviously this wasn't something Obama could say, but surely it was at the back of everybody's mind.
Packer is right, too, that Obama is not a natural phrasemaker, which showed; the antitheses were less than taut, the metaphors more than a little tired. However, the first five minutes were pleasantly and unexpectedly stern, and the speech was essentially perfect up through "their full measure of happiness" (a felicitous phrase). The stuff about the Puritans was structurally necessary to set up the Washington-themed close, but came across as gaudy and not deeply felt. The policy stuff was a mixed bag; on the one hand I heard a lot of things I liked, but there was also a lot of inappropriate blather about small government, and a wholly preposterous remark about harnessing the sun and the moon and the fixed stars to run our SUVs. (He did this before at the DNC -- he should've learned from that.) The bit about foreign policy was sound and well-said, and had to be said. However, the call to service was boring and overlong, and things only drifted back into orbit a couple of minutes later with the statement that "what is demanded of us is a return to these truths" (a sentence that would've been at home anywhere in the speech). The best line was the single, beautifully timed reminder that he was black; the GW stuff was part of the structural "let's get back to the Founders" message, but could've been better written. The close, as I said, was a deeply unimpressive descent into fustian.
This is all beside the point; there was so much historical weight behind everything he said that the quality of the speech hardly mattered. And this is partly why you realized, two words into Elizabeth Alexander's (ultimately not very good) poem, that it would be anticlimatic regardless of its merits. Of course, it was impossibly dumb to write a poem for Obama's inauguration that ignored everything that was special about it, and that would have read equally well at Bill Clinton's, or Bush's, inaugural.
Incidentally, I find it extremely annoying that the only available transcript of the poem is missing the linebreaks that are obviously there in the original (you can tell from the scansion, it's in loose pentameter).
Obama's speech did, however, remind me of this:
And now in age I bud again,
After so many deaths I live and write;
I once more smell the dew and rain,
And relish versing: O my onely light,
It cannot be
That I am he
On whom thy tempests fell all night.
First Thoughts on the Inaugural
I heard it in patches, and read the prepared text -- my preferred mode of assimilation. It was an excellent speech by political standards; and a good one by any standards, being coherent and well-put-together. That said, the last sentence was atrocious bombast:
I think it's unjust of Obama to attribute bad prose to our children's children.
A few highlights/flags:
signals foreign policy realism, new Iran policy.
note the nod to Richard Dawkins, the not-so-subtle repudiation of evangelical excesses. More on this theme here:
raise health care’s quality and lower its cost.
i.e. Close Guantanamo? Will he?
Friday, January 16, 2009
A Proto-Indo-European Kenning
Brooks vs. Quantum Mechanics
Brooks channels what-the-bleep in favor of behavioral economics:
Quantum mechanics is just as "neat and mechanical" as classical mechanics, which is why it caught on. It was clear from the beginning how to do quantum-mechanical calculations, and in what regimes the answers would limit to Newtonian physics, which clearly described the everyday world. This is why quantum mechanics is a terrible analogy for behavioral economics. As far as I know, all the behavioral work so far consists of a bunch of trivial psychology experiments that have no coherent message; there are no quantitative or even qualitative predictions; and it is not clear that behavioral "theory," such as it is, limits to classical theory when it should (and when is classical economics true, exactly?).
Oh, and I don't know what this means:
But facts are facts, no matter what human nature is. An empirical finding is, say, that when you give a pretentious idiot a column at the Times, he tends to spew pretentious garbage. Said pretentious idiot might be driven to this by difficult and ill-understood forces, but the fact that it happens is just a regularity of nature. You don't, after all, need to get the chemical structure of the air right to realize that clouds portend rain.
Thursday, January 15, 2009
Ask not what the Iranians can do...
I'm relatively pro-Israel -- relative to the people I know -- for now, because as I see it the Palestinian public is radicalized past all hope, and unlikely to accede to anything in the near future. (On the other hand, there is no doubt that the Israelis have been gratuitously brutal.) I'm also relatively pro-Iran, which has been ostracised for decades for no compelling reason. Therefore, I want to like this idea of R.W. Johnson's:
Unfortunately, I don't think it makes sense. Iran wants to be the dominant player in the Middle East; it has essentially succeeded at this, through its support of Hamas and Hezbollah, and the American fiasco in Iraq. This being so, I don't see what the Americans have to offer Iran, politically, to make them give up the regional prestige that comes from backing anti-Israeli militias.
Wednesday, January 14, 2009
The Enduring Conservative (SC) Majority
The Supreme Court has another evil 5-4, this time apparently saying that the exclusionary rule doesn't apply to searches in which police officers mistakenly thought they had probable cause. This is irremediably bad if true: the po-lice are already quite good at inventing probable causes for drug arrests, and -- seeing as cops are sometimes suggestible and occasionally stupid -- will be incredible at coming up with reasons why they honestly thought they had probable cause. I don't really see that the principle has any more teeth left than a meth-head:
“When police mistakes leading to an unlawful search are the result of isolated negligence attenuated from the search, rather than systemic error or reckless disregard of constitutional requirements, the exclusionary rule does not apply,” Chief Justice Roberts wrote in an opinion joined by Justices Antonin Scalia, Anthony
M. Kennedy
, Clarence Thomas and Samuel A. Alito Jr.
So police have sweeping powers to pull people over as long as they're not systemic or reckless about it. Do they just need a new excuse each time?
Ginsburg's remarks are on point:
“Negligent recordkeeping errors by law enforcement threaten individual liberty, are susceptible to deterrence by the exclusionary rule, and cannot be remedied effectively through other means,” Justice Ginsburg wrote.
Not, in particular, through the political process, which is systemically and recklessly in favor of not letting people get off on technicalities.
Monday, January 12, 2009
Lubricating the Guardhouse
Filling out a visa application earlier today I had to look for the uppercase version of the German eszet character (looks like lowercase beta) -- apparently the correct thing to do is to substitute ss, so straBe -> strasse -- and found this snippet on Wikipedia:
In Fraktur typeface and similar scripts a long s (ſ ) is used except for syllable endings (cf. Greek sigma) and sometimes this has been historically used in antiqua fonts as well, but in general it went out of use in the early 1940s along with Fraktur typeface. An example where this convention would help disambiguation is “Wachstube”, which was either written “Wachſtube” = “Wach-Stube” (mil. guard-house) or “Wachstube” = “Wachs-Tube” (tube of wax).
Somehow I don't feel like these are truly separate ideas.
Saturday, January 10, 2009
Dept of Loose Seals
Gail Collins's new column has a running gag that's very reminiscent of "Arrested Development." You should read the entire thing, but what I'm talking about is this:
“These folks are not potted plants,” said the senior adviser David Axelrod.
Already we have a big break with the past. The Bush White House so totally regarded senators as potted plants that it was a wonder that senior aides didn’t attempt to water them.
the Democrats’ job now is to figure out how to make sure the current economic crisis is solved in a way that allows him to deliver on his promise to do something big and ambitious about health care — and his other signature issue, energy/global warming. The Republicans’ job is to try to limit the big spending to tax cuts and short-term building projects. If the final bill passes by 80 or 90 votes, it’s probably going to be because it’s a watered-down mess.
Which is the sort of thing that nobody wants. Unless they live in a pot.
I agree with the sentiment, of course. One should also flag the following bit of information, which will probably resurface:
Tuesday, January 6, 2009
Folded Dragon Hidden Cavern
Robert Bridges presumably knew that Gerard Manley Hopkins was gay, but I wonder if that's what he had in mind here:
therefore the poem [the Wreck of the Deutschland] stands logically as well as chronologically in the front of his book, like a great dragon folded in the gate to forbid all entrance, and confident in his strength from past success. This editor advises the reader to circumvent him and attack him later in the rear; for he was himself shamefully worsted in a brave frontal assault, the more easily perhaps because both subject and treatment were distasteful to him.
(via Mark Ford's new piece in the NYRB). The sexual implications of backloading one's oeuvre are obvious in hindsight.
Friday, January 2, 2009
Going Burristic
I'm a little mystified by Harry Reid's continued grandstanding re the IL senate seat. It's pretty clear that Burris didn't pay Blago -- he doesn't have the money, he isn't that dumb, even Blago isn't dumb enough to have asked -- and given that, I don't see what the Senate's grounds are. Governors are under no constitutional obligation to choose the best man for the job; they may, and do, use whatever criteria they like; they may actively seek corrupt or bad appointees (if e.g. they want someone they can easily unseat in the future); in fact, as far as I know it is perfectly legal for a governor to consider only people who are willing to pay him a million dollars, as long as he doesn't collect. The Amar/Chafetz argument that the appointment violated due process because some candidates were unfairly excluded is patently silly. And it seems politically expedient to drop the matter rather than to drag it out for another month. The seat is up for election in two years; Burris can't win a statewide Democratic primary (he lost to Blago!); there's no reason to think that he'll be in the public eye at all if Reid backs down.
I understand why it's politically expedient for Obama to oppose the Burris pick: Burris = Blago + Black power, both of which are toxic to him. But (1) he'd clearly rather see the issue dead somehow, (2) he isn't the one doing the shouting, Reid is, and I don't understand why Reid thinks this is a good idea.
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Search the FAQ Archives
faqs.org - Internet FAQ Archives
Apple II Csa2 FAQs: File Utilities, Part 10/25
Archive-name: apple2/faq/part10
Posting-Frequency: monthly
Last-modified: 2009/12/01
URL: http://home.swbell.net/rubywand/A2FAQs1START.html
The comp.sys.apple2 Usenet newsgroup Apple II FAQs originate from
the II Computing Apple II site, 1997-2010.
Csa2 FAQs file ref: Csa2FLUTILS.txt rev141 December 2009
File Utilities
001- What are "binscii" files and how are they used?
002- What are .SHK files and how do I use them?
003- How do I get ShrinkIt or GS-ShrinkIt going on my Apple II?
004- How do I deal with the $00 type Apple II files I get on my Mac?
005- Can I work with .zip files on my Apple II?
006- What are DSK, NIB, 2MG, HDV,... disk image files & how do I use them?
007- Where can I get ShrinkIt, binscii, DSK2FILE, ASIMOV, etc.?
008- I have downloaded files in "gz" format? How do I use them?
009- Which programs can change ProDOS filetype?
010- What is Copy II Plus and where can I get it?
011- How do I use Copy II Plus to create and convert IMG files?
012- How do I set write protection for an emulator disk image?
013- How can I create a disk image from a ShrinkIt .sdk file?
014- How can I convert a .po image to/from a .dsk or .do image?
015- What do file name extensions mean and how do I access the files?
016- How do I tell what kind of file this is?
017- How can I create new .dsk, .nib, etc. disk images?
018- How can I convert .dsk image <--> .nib image?
019- How can I convert Diskcopy images to diskette or to other formats?
020- How can I move files to/from .dsk and .2MG disk images?
021- How can I unfork forked files on my Apple II?
022- How can I mount disk image files directly under GS System?
From: Rubywand
The term "binscii" comes from combining "binary" with "ASCII". A file in binscii form has been changed so that it can be transmitted as text to/from net servers and services which do not handle pure binary transfers.
Today, practically all servers can handle pure binary transfers; so, binscii is no longer in popular use. However, quite a few old A2 files are still in binscii form and binscii is used for files uploaded to comp.binaries.apple2.
To convert binscii'd files to their un-biniscii'd form, you can use a program named "BINSCII" or, on a GS, the New Desk Accessory named "GScii". These programs can, also, create binscii files.
Note: Binscii is in no way related to Binary II. Binscii changes the entire file into Text. Binary II is just a small block of bytes tacked onto the front of a file, mainly to identify the file's filetype.
002- What are ShrinkIt (.SHK) files and how do I use them?
ShrinkIt files are the Apple II world's answer to .ZIP files in PC-ville. An .SHK file is a file which contains one or more files which are almost always in compressed form. Usually, they are produced by GS-ShrinkIt (also called "GSHK" or "ShrinkIt-GS") or the Balloon NDA, or by 8-bit ShrinkIt. Some .SHK files are produced by Macs; these may not always be compatible with A2 ShrinkIt programs.
An .SHK file can be unshrinked by ShrinkIt even if it shows up on the Apple II with a TXT or BIN filetype and even if the name does not end with ".SHK" or ".shk". If a ShrinkIt file does not show up as available for unshrinking, you can toggle an "All files" option to see the file and then select it. If an .SHK file has a Binary II header, ShrinkIt will automatically remove it and assign the correct filetype. (Of course, this will usually be SHK.)
Other kinds of ShrinkIt files include .SEA and .SDK. An Apple II .SEA file is a IIgs executable self-extracting archive-- i.e. you can click it on the GS Finder and it will unShrink. There are also Mac .SEA files and these are not GS-compatible.
A ShrinkIt whole-disk archive is an .SHK file which is usually labeled ".SDK" to show that it is a Shrinked diskette. An .SDK file can archive a 3.5" diskette (both sides) or 5.25" diskette (one side). Most are archives of 5.25" DOS 3.3 diskettes produced by 8-bit ShrinkIt.
A whole-disk ShrinkIt archive retains all data bytes on a diskette, including files, Catalog/Directory sectors, empty tracks, and DOS if present. An .sdk file of a DOS 3.3 5.25" disk created by 8-bit ShrinkIt also preserves volume number-- important for some games and utilities which depend upon volume numbers to identify disks. (5.25" whole-disk archives created by GS-ShrinkIt do not preserve volume number.)
8-bit/IIe ShrinkIt can be used to fully unshrink any Apple II .SHK file _except_ .SHK files which contain files with GS/OS resource forks and .SEA files. For this reason, 8-bit ShrinkIt should not be used to unshrink .SHK file archives containing GS programs unless you know that none of the contained files has a resource fork.
GS-ShrinkIt can handle nearly all kinds of Apple II .SHK and .SDK files. It will not handle shrinked 5.25" DOS 3.3 .SDK files created by 8-bit ShrinkIt. In fact, most users automatically use 8-bit ShrinkIt to create and unshrink .SDK files of old 5.25" wares. (Balloon does not currently support whole-disk archives.)
Naturally, things are somewhat more crowded on 64K Apple II's. On these machines, the functions are separated. SHRINK creates .SHK files and UNSHRINK unshrinks them.
On a PC, the utility NuLib (v3.24) lets you view contents and unshrink most kinds of .SHK files. (There is a handy option to unshrink and convert Apple II text files to PC text format.) It will not unshrink IIgs files with resource forks.
Here is a simple one-line batch (text) file program for easily viewing the contents of .shk files you download to a PC (just double-click on the file name):
c:\nulib\nulib v %1 |more
The above is for NuLib.exe located in folder c:\nulib . Save the text as nulibv.bat in c:\nulib and tell Windows to use c:\nulib\nulibv.bat as the 'application to perform action' for doing an Open. (You do this by selecting View--Options in the My Computer window and editing the file type info for .shk files.)
NuLib can also convert 5.25" .SDK files into .PO (ProDOS order) disk images which can be used by Apple II emulators. This works for .SDK files produced by 8-bit ShrinkIt but not for those produced by GS-ShrinkIt.
The unshrinking process is very speedy and the size of a compressed ShrinkIt file is, often, around half that of the original files it contains. This makes .SHK files very handy for archiving your software. And, since a ShrinkIt file also preserves filetype information of contained files, ShrinkIt has become the preferred format for uploading and storing Apple II files on the internet.
Getting GS-ShrinkIt v1.1
If you do not already have Balloon or an earlier version of GS-ShrinkIt, there are several ways to get GS-ShrinkIt going once a file is downloaded and transferred to your IIgs. Here are the two easiest ways:
A. The Self-Extracting (.sea) version
A IIgs .sea file is a IIgs application which self-extracts the file contents when executed from the usual Finder desktop display. Since the file gshk.sea will, most likely, arrive as a Text type file, you will need to change the file's filetype to $B3 (S16) before it can be executed.
Several utilities can change ProDOS filetype. If you do not have one, you can download tchange.bin and follow the directions* in tchange_info.txt to get it going on your Apple II.
You can find GS-ShrinkIt in an .SEA file (e.g. gshk.sea) and tchange.bin on several archive sites. (See Q&A 007 below.)
B. The Shrinked Disk (.sdk) version
GSUTILS.sdk is a shrinked whole-disk file which can be unshrinked to 800k 3.5" diskette using 8-bit ShrinkIt (or GS-ShrinkIt). If booted, this diskette starts a bare-bones System 6.0.1 and launches GS-ShrinkIt.
Besides GS-ShrinkIt, also on the disk (in .SHK files) are the ZLINK shareware telecom utility and ASIMOV for converting .dsk files. Coolwriter (for reading Text) is on the disk as a non-shrinked file. All of these can be copied to hard disk or to other diskettes.
GSUTILS.sdk is available on Ground in the useful.stuff/ folder mentioned above. The 8-bit ShrinkIt in a self-extracting version can be found in the same folder.
Getting SHRINK and UNSHRINK (for 64k Apples)
SHRINK and UNSHRINK permit 64k Apple II users to work with .SHK files. These files are usually maintained in non-shrinked form. You can find them on several sites. (See Q&A 007 below.)
To get these utilities going on your Apple II, download SHRINK, UNSHRINK, and SHRINK2PLUS.TXT (e.g. as separeate files or on a .dsk disk image). Once the files are transferred to your Apple II, follow the directions* in SHRINK2PLUS.TXT.
*Note: If you download an Apple II file to a PC and transfer to a Mac and get filetype $00 ("Unknown"), the process described in the directions will not work when the $00 file is moved to your Apple II. One solution is a Mac utility to set filetype to $04 (TXT). See ProTYPE info in the next Q&A below.
Getting 8-bit ShrinkIt
From: Beverly Cadieux
The easiest way to get the current (3.4) version of 8-bit ShrinkIt going is via the self-extracting archive, SHRINK.EXE.
o- Download the file, (transfer to your Apple II if necessary,) and get into AppleSoft BASIC (run BASIC.SYSTEM and get to the AppleSoft "]" prompt).
o- Be sure to set the ProDOS PREFIX to the location of SHRINK.EXE on your Apple II. For example, if it is in the main directory of volume HD1, you would enter
o- Now, enter -SHRINK.EXE (that's a dash, then the file name):
Shrinkit will self-extract, along with a documentation file. (ShrinkIt v3.4 consists of two files. One is a small start file which may be named "Shrinkit.System", "ShrinkitST.sys", or something similar. The other is the main program file which must be named "Shrinkit".)
You can find SHRINK.EXE in Ground's useful.stuff/ folder (See Q&A 007 below).
From: Randy Shackelford
Some II users like to download Apple II files to a PC and transfer them to a Mac for eventual transfer to Apple II ProDOS diskettes. Unfortunately, under most circumstances, PC Exchange writes files onto ProDOS disks as extended typeless ($00) files which are difficult to work with on the Apple II.
What you need is to get hold of a Mac application named "ProTYPE". You drag 'n drop the files on ProTYPE, then copy 'em to the floppy. The files will work then.
From: Rubywand
The GS can unZIP .zip files via PMPunZip by Paul Parkhurst.
From: Supertimer
Tony Marques wrote Angel, the fastest unzipping utility for the Apple II. It can create .zip files, but only one file per archive.
From: Jim Pendarvis
To zip a file using Angel, highlight the file to zip and press OpenApple-Z. You'll get a file named ZIPDFILE.ZIP. If you then select another file to zip, it will overwrite the first one. (Don't forget to set your destination directory first. That is the hardest thing to remember about using Angel.)
From: Rubywand, Orgone Accumulator, Greg E. Nelson, Eric Shepherd, Roger Johnstone
006- What are DSK, PO, DO, HDV, NIB, and 2MG "disk image" files
and how do I use them?
A "disk image" is typically a file containing every data byte on a diskette-- i.e. Catalog tracks, files, DOS (if present) etc.. One kind of disk image, NIB, tries to preserve all disk information (e.g. sector headers, sync bytes, etc.).
DSK's (.dsk, .do, .po and .hdv files)
DSK (usually .dsk) files are disk image files used by popular Apple II emulators like AppleWin to run A2 wares on the PC or Mac. Usually, they are images of Apple 5.25" game, utility, etc. diskettes. A standard 5.25" DSK file is 143,360 bytes in length:
1 side x 35 Tracks/side x 16 Sectors/Trk x 256 Bytes/Sec = 143,360 Bytes.
DSK files of 800k 3.5" disks are much less common.
Data in a DSK disk image file can be arranged in the sector order used by DOS 3.3 or in the sector order used by ProDOS. The filename suffixes relate chiefly to how data is arranged in the file:
.dsk- technically, this may be an image which has its data in DOS 3.3 or ProDOS order. (The emulator program is supposed to check a .dsk file to determine the ordering used.) It has become standard practice to use the .dsk suffix for only DOS 3.3 order files.
.do- an image which is in DOS 3.3 order. This suffix is seldom used today. DOS 3.3 order image file names usually end with ".dsk".
.po- an image which is in ProDOS order. If an image is in ProDOS order, its name should end with ".po" (not ".dsk") to avoid confusion.
.hdv- typically an image 800k (819,200 bytes) or greater in size in ProDOS order. The image is intended for use as a virtual hard disk by various Apple II and IIgs emulators (e.g. Apple Oasis). The IIgs program ASIMOV2 can create .hdv files (select "Raw image"). The file name should end with ".hdv".
Note: data order does not relate to whether a disk image is a DOS 3.3 or ProDOS disk. In fact, nearly all 5.25" disk image files (of both DOS 3.3 and ProDOS disks) are in DOS 3.3 order; and, DOS 3.3 order is the default setting for image creation programs like DSK2FILE and ASIMOV and the transfer/creation program ADT.
On a PC, NuLib can create disk images from 8-bit ShrinkIt whole-disk (.sdk) files (but not from .sdk files which were produced by GS-ShrinkIt). These images will be in ProDOS order. You can convert a .po disk image to a DOS 3.3 order .dsk by using a disk copier like Disk Muncher on an emulator to copy from the .po image to a .dsk image.
On ftp sites, DSK files are usually in a ZIPped form to conserve space. For example, on the Asimov site, narfgames.dsk.gz is a DSK file of the narfgames disk which has been g-zip compressed. Other archive sites may use standard ZIP compression and the file name might be "narfgame.zip" or "narfgame_dsk.zip". On a PC, WinZIP will uncompress g-zipped and ZIPped DSK files.
A DSK file can be converted to actual diskette form on an Apple II using DSK2FILE or (GS-only) ASIMOV. If a 5.25" .dsk disk image file is transferred to your Apple II using ADT (or ADTgs for IIgs), it is automatically converted and written to 5.25" diskette. For more about ADT and ADTgs see Telecom-1.
Most 5.25" DSK (.dsk and .do) files are of a DOS 3.3 or some related DOS disk. The target diskette should be INITed for DOS 3.3. (or, it can be formatted using Copy II Plus, etc.) and you should use the default DSK2FILE or ASIMOV "DOS 3.3 Order" setting. If a disk image file has a .po suffix, use the DSK2FILE or ASIMOV "ProDOS Order" setting.
Note: In most cases it is okay to use either a DOS 3.3 or ProDOS formatted diskette as the target (and; the target disk does not need to be empty of any files). However, ProDOS formatting uses a default Volume Number of 1, which is different from the DOS 3.3 default of 254. Since ProDOS stuff does not care about Volume numbering and DOS 3.3 stuff may, the target disk should generally be one INITed with the default Volume Number-- e.g. INIT HELLO .
Here is a quickie step-by-step guide for getting a 5.25" DSK disk image file into useable form:
1. Download the file in binary mode from an ftp archive site via ftp:// ...
2. If file length is not 143,360, use WinZIP or equivalent to unZip it.
3. Transfer the DSK file to your GS via Mac diskette or a NULL modem transfer. One way or another, the file needs to end up on a ProDOS diskette or ProDOS hard disk volume on the GS.
4. If you are using DSK2FILE, jot down the complete path name of the DSK file (e.g. /RAM5/NARFGAMES.DSK ) because DSK2FILE will ask you to type it in.
5. Insert the formatted 5.25" target diskette into Drive 1 (Slot 6). This diskette needs to be 16-sector formatted. Plain DOS 3.3 formatting with the default Volume number is, generally, best and easiest. (You can boot a DOS 3.3 or Prontodos disk and do an INIT HELLO to format a 5.25" diskette.)
6. Start DSK2FILE or ASIMOV. Normally, you will accept the defaults (5.25", DOS 3.3 order). If you know the DSK is a ProDOS image in ProDOS order-- like the file name ends with ".PO", select "ProDOS Order". (ProDOS disk images are, fairly often, in DOS order to make them more universally transferable.)
7. Select the "Image file ---> Diskette" option, follow prompts, and you should end up with a good diskette. (If everything seemed to go well but the disk does not work, try repeating the process using the other "Order" option.)
DSK2FILE and ASIMOV can, also, create disk image (.dsk or .po) files. Similarly, using ADT to transfer a 5.25" disk automatically creates a .dsk disk image on the PC. The source disk can be for a game, etc. so long as the diskette is not copy protected.
Note: DOS 3.3 products which depend upon Volume numbering to identify diskettes will normally not work in disk image form on an Apple II emulator because Volume number information is embedded in non-data parts of a disk and is not included in a standard .dsk disk image file.
NIB (.nib)
Some copy protected diskettes can be converted to another kind of disk image called "NIB". Saltine's Super Transcopy (SST) incorporates bit copy routines to attempt to produce a nibblized disk image of a 5.25" diskette.
On your Apple II, SST reads the disk bytes from half a disk and stores that data on a whole normal disk. Then it does the same for the second half. These two disks can be converted to .dsk disk images and moved to a PC or Mac. There, the .dsk images are merged into a NIB image using SST running on an emulator.
If successful, you have a .nib file which can be used like a diskette on popular Apple II emulators. (For one or two older emulators, .nib files are the only useable images.)
The standard length of a .nib file is 232,960 bytes-- much larger than a DSK. However, since .nib files include sector address header and other non-data 'embedded' diskette information, they can be used to image many protected disks.
Naturally, a .nib file preserves DOS 3.3 volume numbering. This allows programs which use volume numbers to identify their disks to run on emulators. Many disks with no copy protection are in .nib form instead of .dsk because the game, etc. which uses the disks needs to check volume numbering.
2MG (.2mg; sometimes .2img)
Today, more and more IIgs software is being converted to 2MG disk image format used on XGS and other IIgs emulators. These are .dsk or .nib images with a prefix (usually 64 bytes) which includes information about size, format, sector ordering, volume number, locked/unlocked, etc..
2MG files may also have a Comment and/or extra file information added following the disk image data. The format can accommodate disk images ranging from 5.25" diskette up through hard disk. For 2MG format details, see http://apple2.org.za/gswv/a2zine/Docs/DiskImage_2MG_Info.txt .
The usual length of an 800k .2MG image (with no Comment or extra data) is 819,264 bytes*.
You can use ASIMOV2 to convert .2MG files back to diskette form as well as for creating .2MG files from 800k diskettes. The utility Imgutnew.exe can be used to convert most available Diskcopy images to 2MG format on PC.
*See ... Size Note: Transferring to 3.5" disk (at bottom of this page)
From: Rubywand
007- Where can I get ShrinkIt, Shrink (64k), Unshrink (64k),
GS-ShrinkIt, binscii, GScii, BISCIT, TCHANGE, DSK2FILE, ASIMOV,
PMPunZip, Angel, FileManager, 2qwk!, GZPK, Disk Muncher, Copy II Plus,
NuLib, Balloon, DskIn & DskOut, Saltine's Super Transcopy (SST),
FishWings, UnforkIt, XTRAX, StuffIt Expander, Diskcopy, Clone,
Imgutnew.exe, DiskDup+, ProTYPE, MECC Copy, BlockWarden, BlockWork,
ProDOSifier, DISK2FDI, CiderPress, ProDOS File Navigator, FID,
Apple Commander, and MountIt?
For links, see Csa21MAIN4: Get It- Links to popular software packages.
008- I have downloaded a bunch of files for the Apple II
lately that are in a format called GZ. I understand it
is some variation of Zip but I don't have a translator for
it on my GS. Does anyone know where I can find one?
5.25" disk image files downloaded from Asimov, mod files, and some others are, often, in GZ g-zipped format and usually have the .gz file name extension (like narfgame.dsk.gz). If you download the files to a PC, you can use WinZIP to unzip the file.
Note: Due to the use of an extra period, names of g-zip compressed files-- names such as "narfgame.dsk.gz"-- do not always survive downloading to PC's. Some setups may remove the ".gz" from the name when saving the file. In order to be correctly recognized by WinZIP, the file's name should be repaired so that it ends with ".gz".
Usually, once unzipped, an Asimov GZ image file will end up as a 143,360 byte DSK file with a name ending with ".dsk". The file may be used as a virtual diskette on an emulator like AppleWin; or, it may be transferred to a real Apple II via NULL modem and converted to Apple-readable diskette form using DSK2FILE or (GS-only) ASIMOV. (Or, it may be NULL modem transferred directly to 5.25" diskette via a version of ADT.)
If you download a GZ file directly to your Apple you can use a program named "GZPK" v2 to convert it from gzip form to a zip format which can be unzipped via PMPUnzip 2.0 or Angel. A GZ file from the Asimov site should end up as a DSK file.
From: lachlan_arnott and Byron Desnoyers Winmill
On a Mac, you can use MacGzip to unZIP g-zipped (.gz) DSK files into uncompressed form. Another choice (for doing the same job as WinZIP on a PC) is Aladdin's StuffIt Expander and the DropStuff Expander Pack. These utilities can be found on many Macintosh related ftp sites. (See Q&A 007.)
From: Slick
009- Which programs can change ProDOS filetype?
I prefer More Info or Disk Witch, myself. I'll go through a list of stuff on my hard drive to manipulate filetypes:
Alter (NDA)
Conchshell (CDA)
Disk Witch (CDA)
File Manager (NDA)
File Info2 (NDA)
File Info Edit (NDA)
Super Info II (NDA)
Utilities CDA (CDA), not very good
Finder Extras:
More Info
GS/OS Applications:
Instant Access
File Passage
ProDOS 8:
FAZ II (File Attribute Zap II)
From: Boris Guenter
File-A-Trix by Karl Bunker should do the job. Best of all, the latest (and last) version 1.1.1 of this program is freeware.
Since I had a few troubles with the latest version, I suggest trying both versions 1.1 and 1.1.1.
From: Tony Ward
I also prefer File-A-Trix. It performs a wide variety of functions including copy, move, delete, rename, catalog, make new folder, set file attributes (lock, unlock, filetype, auxtype), find file, format (floppy only), view text, Teach and AWP files. Best of all, it's a CDA that works from GS/OS and ProDOS 8, although there are some restrictions under P8 (i.e. no HFS disk access, no viewing forked Teach files, etc.)
From: Gareth Jones
I use either File-A-Trix, Change-A-File 4.20, or Deliverance (part of the Salvation Utilities).
From: Rubywand
Some programs which can be used to change filetype are ...
Jeff Hartkoph's File Manager- a GS NDA which lets you change Type, Auxtype, Date, and Access attributes. It is handy for modifying several files in quick succession.
Paul Parkhurst's PMPunZip- a GS application which includes an option for changing Type, Auxtype, and Access attributes. (In the File menu click on Modify File Attributes.)
Glen Bredon's ProSel (ProDOS 8 utilities)
Roger Wagner's Filetype Changer- a vintage BASIC utility which lets you change just the Type. A BRUN-able .BIN version is on Ground. (This is good enough for getting the GS-ShrinkIt .SEA file's filetype set correctly so that it can self-extract.)
From: Beverly Cadieux
And a biggie - AppleWorks v5.1-> File Activities, Change File Type.
From: Jay Edwards
TimeOut FileMaster does a great job and never argues about it. Best of all, it likes so many versions of AppleWorks.
From: Rubywand
Copy II Plus is the best general purpose utility for copying disks and managing files on DOS 3.3 and ProDOS diskettes. Most of the Copy II Plus functions also work with disk images (e.g. .dsk files) on emulators; however, COPY DISK and FORMAT are important functions which do not work correctly with emulators. Good versions which handle both DOS 3.3 and ProDOS files are 7.x - 8.x.
Note: Versions 9.x require at least an enhanced IIe and have a few notable bugs. Version 9.0's Catalog Sort option can mess up your directory. Neither version 9.0 nor 9.1 works correctly with the /RAM5 RAM disk. The best added capability of Version 9.x is being able to compare files.
No version of Copy II Plus will copy files which include a resource part, usually called a "resource fork". In some cases the copy may seem to be successful; but, it will be a mess. Only some, relatively new, IIgs files include a resource fork. No DOS 3.3 files or files intended for access under ProDOS 8 have resource forks.
The most versatile releases of the utility are, probably, Versions 7.1 and 7.2. They include the capability for creating disk images. The images are not compatible with popular emulators; but, they are a handy way to archive DOS 3.3 disks on a hard disk.
For places to get Copy II Plus in ShrinkIt shrinked disk and emulator disk image files, refer to Q&A 007 above.
From: tturner, Rubywand, Greg Buchner, Labelas Enoreth
First, to the best of my knowledge, only versions 6.x and 7.x of Copy II Plus can create a disk image file (called an "IMG" file). The feature was gone by version 8, for sure.
To create an IMG file you COPY--> DISK to an over-size target volume. Versions 6 and 7 will create a type "IMG" file instead of complaining about a "size mismatch" (which is what other versions of Copy II Plus do). It is fairly common to end the name of the new IMG file with ".img".
Doing the opposite lets you convert an IMG file back to diskette. That is, you select the COPY --> DISK option and pick the large volume with the IMG file as Source and a blank unformatted 5.25" diskette in the Slot 6, Drive 1 drive as Destination. You pick an IMG file on the Source volume and it is transferred to the diskette.
Copy II Plus IMG files are not compatible with DSK2FILE or ASIMOV and will not work on emulators such as AppleWin. Also, not all files ending with ".img" are Copy II Plus disk image files. I have seen ".img" (and ".image") used for Diskcopy disk image files.
From: Rubywand
012- I'm using an Apple II emulator to play games. The game directions
say the boot disk must have a write protect tab. How do I set
write protection for a disk image?
Under Windows on a PC, you can right-click on the file name, select Properties, and adjust the "Read-only" attribute. Checking "Read-only" turns ON write protection; unchecking it turns write protection OFF.
From: Jon Bettencourt
On a Mac, you select the file, go up to File --> Get Info..., and click on "Locked."
From: Rubywand
NuLib v3.24 can be used to make .po disk images from ShrinkIt 5.25" whole-disk archives-- e.g. .sdk files.
Note: NuLib v3.24 can create 5.25" disk images only for .sdk files created by 8-bit ShrinkIt (not ones created by GS-ShrinkIt). Since most .sdk files were created by 8-bit ShrinkIt, there is usually no problem.
For instance, suppose you have downloaded a whole-disk archive (.sdk file) of a 5.25" disk of modem utilities named "modem1.sdk" and wish to convert it into a disk image. For this example, it is assumed that you have downloaded NuLib v3.24 and unZIPed it and, now, have all of your Nulib stuff (nulib.exe, docs, etc.) in C:\nulib on your PC:
o- After downloading to the PC, check the file name of the .sdk file you want to convert. The name should have from 1 to 8 characters followed by ".sdk". If it doesn't, rename the file so that it does. The file modem1.sdk follows the above rule; so, there is no need to rename it.
o- Move or copy modem1.sdk to the C:\nulib folder.
o- Since you are probably in Windows95 (or later) open an MS-DOS window.
o- In the DOS window, go to the nulib folder ...
C:\>cd nulib
o- Enter the xd command to create the disk image from modem1.sdk:
C:\nulib>nulib xd modem1.sdk
You should get a message saying the 'NEW DISK' image is being extracted ending with "...done".
o- Exit the MS-DOS window-- e.g. click on the "X" in the corner.
o- Open the C:\nulib folder. Probably, your new disk image will be named "new.dis". Rename the new file to "modem1.po". It should show up with a size of 140k in the usual Windows listing. (If it shows size 0, go to "View" for the window and click "Refresh".)
If the new modem1.po has some size other than 140k-- like size is shown as 75k, etc.-- it means that modem1.sdk was probably created by GS-ShrinkIt and can not be converted to a disk image using NuLib. (You might as well scrap the bad modem1.po .)
Most likely, though, the conversion will work and modem1.po will be a good disk image.
Most emulator programs have no problem using .po, .do, or .dsk disk images. So, the usual reason for wishing to change ordering is to go from .po (ProDOS order) to .dsk (typically, DOS 3.3 order) to permit transferring the image to your Apple II via ADT. In a few cases, it may be useful to go from DOS 3.3 order to ProDOS order, too.
Since a disk copy done on an emulator (like AppleWin) adjusts ordering to match the target, doing a disk copy from, for example, a .po image to a .dsk image (in DOS 3.3 order) is a simple way to do a conversion*. A good emulator choice for Windows users is AppleWin. A good disk copier program is Disk Muncher-- it is included on the TNILUTIL.DSK available from Ground and GSWV.
An easy way to check ordering of a bootable .po or .do disk image is to boot it under AppleWin. If it boots correctly, the ordering is as claimed-- .do = DOS 3.3 order and .po = ProDOS order. For a bootable .dsk image, you can change the suffix to ".do" or ".po" and boot it to check that it is really in the order you expect.
*Note: AppleWin, evidently, checks the ordering of a .dsk image used as a target for copying. It does not check actual ordering of .po or .do images. So, for example, if the target image has the ".po" suffix, the copy to the image will be in ProDOS order. Some emulators may work differently.
From: David Kopper, Dan DeMaggio, Boris Guenter, Nathan Mates,
Phil Abro, Rubywand, Labelas Enoreth, Tony Turner
015- What do the different popular file name extensions, like ".BSC",
mean; and, how do I access the files?
File name extensions tell you what sort of file you are dealing with so that you will know which program(s) to use to unpack, unShrink, display, etc. the file. Many programs which create such files do not automatically add an extension-- for example, most of the disk images on the Golden Orchard CD are Diskcopy files with no name extension. Many other programs which create files suggest a default extension as part of the name-- GS-ShrinkIt generally suggests ".SHK"-- but, the user can change this and
save under any legal name desired. (One popular change is using ".SDK" for ShrinkIt whole-disk archive files.)
Some extensions indicate a filetype recognized by Apple II ProDOS; but, often, the extension is just for user information or to help some utility recognize the file as one it can deal with. For such files the actual ProDOS filetype is usually TXT, BIN, or SHK.
What is it? (What program do I use?)
.2MG also .2IMG- XGS IIgs disk image file usually 800k or
larger (GS ASIMOV2; PC Imgutnew.exe)
.AAF Apple Archive Format [TEXT] for source code (aaf.unpacker)
.ACU NuFX Applelink archive (ShrinkIt*)
.ALU usually a multi-file, non-compressed A2 archive (ALU)
.APF GS super-res "Apple Preferred" packed graphics format
(Platinum Paint, Convert 3200, etc.)
.ARC PC Archive (GS-ShrinkIt* or DeArc2E or PC Arc program)
.BMP Windows Bit-Mapped graphics format (GS Convert 3200;
many PC viewers)
.BNX NuFX with BLU header. (ShrinkIt*)
.BNY BLU archive. (ShrinkIt*)
.BQY NuFX with BLU header. (ShrinkIt*)
.BSC BinScii file. [TEXT] (BinScii or GScii)
.BSE A GSHK* .SEA file with a Binary II header (ShrinkIt*)
.BSQ BinScii'd NuFX file. [TEXT] (BinScii plus ShrinkIt* on
the result)
.BXY NuFX archive with a Binary II header. (ShrinkIt*)
.CPT Compactor Pro archive (Compactor Pro on a Mac only)
.DIMG Diskcopy disk image file usually produced by a
Mac (GS Clone or Diskcopy; Mac Diskcopy; PC Imgutnew.exe)
.DO a .DSK file specified as having data in "DOS 3.3 Order"
i.e. uses DOS 3.3 sector ordering (A2 DSK2FILE and GS ASIMOV)
.DSK standard emulator disk image-- length is 143360 bytes for
5.25" disk images (A2 DSK2FILE and GS ASIMOV)
.EXE A2 Executioner file [TEXT]. (On A2; some files may EXEC
properly under only DOS 3.3.)
.GIF Graphics Interchange Format: Compressed picture (IIGIF for
//e; Super Convert, ... on GS; PC, etc.: many viewers
and editors)
.GZ GZip PC archive format often used for storing A2 emulator
disk images (GS GZPK v2 plus PMPUnZIP or Angel; PC WinZIP)
.HDV Raw (DSK) ProDOS ordered disk image file 800K or greater in
size; used by emus as a virtual hard disk (ASIMOV2 on IIgs)
.HQX Mac BinHex file. [TEXT] (BinHex on Mac or GScii)
.HTM HTML [TEXT] with embedded Text commands (Web
browsers, web editors, etc.)
.IMAGE Diskcopy images (see .DIMG)
.IMG Type IMG or "user #7" Copy II Plus disk image file (A2
Copy II Plus v6.x or v7.x)
.IMG is sometimes used for Diskcopy images (see .DIMG)
.JPG PC JPEG hi-res, hi-color graphics format (GS JPEG.VIEWER,
etc. B/W only or PC, Unix viewers)
.LBR a multi-file, non-compressed A2 archive (Librarian)
.LHA LHA Archive (PC/Amiga LZH program)
.LZH LZH Archive (PC/Amiga LZH program)
.NIB emulator disk image (typical length: 232960) for protected
5.25" software (A2 Saltine's Super Transcopy)
.PCX PC graphics format (GS Convert 3200; PC many viewers)
.PD compressed GS multi-palette graphics file w/o
palettes (GS SuperPac)
.PNG PC PING hi-res, hi-color graphics format (PC viewer)
.PO a .DSK file specified as having data in "ProDOS Order"
i.e. uses ProDOS sector ordering (A2 DSK2FILE and GS ASIMOV)
.PS compressed GS multi-palette graphics file with
palettes (GS SuperPac)
.QQ BLU archive. (ShrinkIt*)
.SDK ShrinkIt disk image, usually NuFX-compressed (ShrinkIt*)
.SEA Self-extracting A2 ShrinkIt* or Mac ShrinkIt archive
(depending upon kind, run on Apple IIgs or Mac)
.SHK usually an A2 NuFX-compressed archive; non-A2-compatible
Mac .SHK archives also exist (GS ShrinkIt* / Mac unshrinker
utility / PC Nulib-- does not extract GS resource forks)
.SIT Mac StuffIt archive. (Stuffit on Mac or GS ShrinkIt)
GS-ShrinkIt will not decode StuffIt Deluxe files.
.TAR Unix Tape Archive (Unix tar with -xvf option, GS EXE tar)
.TGZ Gzipped .TAR file
.uu Unix uuencode file [TEXT] (//e uudecode, Unix uudecode)
.uue Unix uuencode file [TEXT] (//e uudecode, Unix uudecode)
.TIFF Graphics format (GS SHR Convert)
.TXT [TEXT] An ASCII text file (Text editors,
word processors, etc.)
.UU Unix uuencode file [TEXT] (A2 uudecode or Unix uudecode)
.UUE Unix uuencode file [TEXT] (A2 uudecode or Unix uudecode)
.Z Compressed file (GS-ShrinkIt or Unix uncompress)
.ZIP PC Zip Archive (GS PMPUnZIP or UNZIP [GS Shell EXE]
or PC WinZIP, PKUNZIP, Unix unzip)
.ZOO PC Zoo Archive (GS-ShrinkIt??? or PC ZOO program)
* Note: GS-ShrinkIt (= GSHK) can handle all ShrinkIt files except
.SDK (shrunken disk) files of 5.25" DOS 3.3 disks created by
8-bit ShrinkIt. 8-bit ShrinkIt does not work for GS
files having a resource fork or GS .SEA files.
From: Apple's ftp site ...
Most files are in one of a few common formats, and many are a combination.
.sit StuffIt 1.5.1 archives
.hqx BinHex 4.0 file
.bin Binary file
.image Diskcopy 4.2 image file
.txt plain ASCII text file
.bsc Apple II BinSCII file
.shk Apple II ShrinkIt file
Most of the Macintosh files are BinHexed StuffIt files. This means you need to transfer the file, then read the license agreement which is prepended to it (with any text processor), use BinHex or any utility which can read BinHex 4.0 files to decode the BinHex to a StuffIt archive, then use UnStuffIt or the StuffIt Expander (or a similar utility) to decompress the .sit file into the final file.
In some cases the final file is a .image file. These are exact duplicates of floppy disks (with verified checksums). Use Diskcopy to convert these files into floppy disks for installation. Some Apple System Software is in this format.
Most of the Apple II files are either straight text or BinSCII'd ShrinkIt files. This means you need to transfer the file, then use BinSCII to convert the .bsc file to a ShrinkIt file, then use ShrinkIt to create the final file or disk.
Note: Apple calls their BinSCII'd .SHK files ".bsc" instead of ".bsq". It is fairly common for uploaders and ftp sites to tag any BinSCII'd file as ".bsc". The rationale is that, once a user un-BinSCII's a file, he or she will find an .SHK, .ZIP, etc. file and know how to continue.
From: David Kopper
Here is a simple guide to help you identify a file. You should always go by filename extension first, but not everybody uses those. In Unix, you can use the 'head' command to look at the first couple of lines of a file. If it turns out to be a binary file, you may be in for a surprise. You may want to use the Unix 'file' command to find out if it is a text file or not first. Once you have identified the file, check the earlier info on filename extensions for how to deal with it.
If there are lines in the file that look like this (there can be other text before it--search for 'FiLeStArT'):
then you've got something encoded by BinSCII. You must decode _all_ the parts using BinSCII. Then, if the resulting file is in some compressed form, you would use an appropriate utility to uncompress it. (For example, you would use 8-bit ShrinkIt to uncompress a whole-disk .sdk archive file.)
On the other hand, if you have a binary file which resembles:
NuFilei][![/#NuFX_<:c[[[ H`F-fGSCII~[
then you have a NuFX file (note the key words NuFile and NuFX). You should be able to extract the files it contains using ShrinkIt.
On the third hand, if you have a text file which resembles:
begin 666 nonsense.bny
M4W5N3U,s4F5L96%S92 T+C$s\%-$4U0V,"Ds(SsZ(%1U92!/8W0s.2 Q,CHS
M...3HT.2!%1%0s,3DY, HT
then you have a uuencoded file.
On another hand, if you have a text file which begins with
(This file must be converted with BinHex 4.0)
then you have a BinHex file. The GScii NDA by Derek Taubert decodes BinHex files on an Apple IIGS. You can also use a variety of macintosh programs to do the decoding. There is also a Unix implementation of BinHex called mcvert.
On one more hand, if you have a text file which resembles:
E00:38 A5 FF D0 32 D8 20 8E FD AD 30 BF 8D 6A 0E 20
E10:00 BF C7 6D 0E 0D 80 02 D0 1D 20 00 BF C5 69 0E
and more lines like that, followed by a bunch of lines that look like:
then you have an Executioner file.
From: Rubywand
017- How can I create 'blank' .dsk, .nib, etc. disk images?
The simplest way to get a new .dsk or .nib is to copy an existing one and delete the files. Under Windows, you can just Right-click drag-and-drop a file in the same folder to get a copy. If you want a DOS 3.3 formatted image, pick a DOS 3.3 image to copy. If you want a ProDOS formatted image, pick a ProDOS image to copy. You can use a utility like Copy II Plus v7.4 to delete the files.
If you want a DOS 3.3 image, it's a good idea to boot DOS 3.3 and INIT HELLO the new image. This guarantees that the new image is correctly formatted. Doing an INIT also allows you to pick the version of DOS 3.3 that the new image will boot-- i.e., it will be the version of the DOS 3.3 (e.g. regular DOS 3.3, ProtoDOS, EsDOS, ...) which does the INIT. And, the INIT command allows you to set Volume Number on a .nib (which may be important if the image is supposed to work with a game, etc. which looks fo
r a particular Volume Number).
DOS 3.3's INIT works fine as a way to format images; but, the routines used by many utilities are not reliable. In general, you should be wary of using utilities like Copy II Plus and Apple's ProDOS Utilities to handle formatting of images on an emulator.
Another way to obtain fresh disk image files is to download 'blank' .dsk and .nib images from the Apple II archives which offer them.
However you create or obtain a 'blank' disk image of the sort you want, once you have one, you can save future bother by making multiple copies of it-- e.g. via multiple drag-and-drop copies-- and naming the copies something like "D33blank1.dsk", "PDblank1.dsk", "D33blank1.nib", etc..
You can use a whole-disk copier such as Disk Muncher to copy from one to the other. For .nib --> .dsk, the .nib must not be a copy protected image.
For a .dsk --> .nib copy on an emulator using most whole-disk copiers, one result will be to set the Volume Number of the .nib to the default assigned to the .dsk. For example, converting a normal .dsk image this way will result in a .nib with VN set to 254.
If you want to 'convert' from .dsk to .nib without changing the VN of the .nib, use a copier that transfers just the contents. The old Apple program, COPYA, will do this if the program is modified to eliminate formatting of the target disk. Change the Line which does the INIT (usually Line 250) to ...
250 FT= 1
Diskcopy is a Mac disk image format with names ending in ".dimg", ".img", ".image", or with no suffix. (Sometimes, incorrectly, ".dsk" is used.) The typical length of a Diskcopy file used for an Apple II 800k image is 838,484 bytes*. On a Mac, you can use the Mac Diskcopy utility to convert diskettes to images or images to diskettes.
On a IIgs, you can use Clone or Diskcopy to convert a Diskcopy image to diskette. (It may be necessary to set filetype to $E0 and auxtype to $0005 in order for the file to be recognized as a Diskcopy image.)
Clone is more user-friendly. Both utilities work fine for converting Diskcopy images (such as those on the Golden Orchard CD) to 3.5" diskette. If the Diskcopy file was created under a version greater than 4.2, you will probably need to do any conversions on a Mac which can run a later version of Diskcopy.
On a PC, the XGS utility Imgutnew.exe can be used to convert most available Diskcopy images of Apple II software to 2MG image format. The Diskcopy image name may need to be changed (spaces removed, etc.) to fit PC DOS format in order for Imgutnew.exe to work.
From: Charlie Danemark and Andy McFadden
020- How can I move .shk and other kinds of files to/from .dsk
and .2MG disk images?
If you are using Windows 95 ('98, 'Me) you can use FishWings or CiderPress to import .shk and other kinds of files onto .2MG or .dsk disk images formatted for ProDOS. You can also export files from disk image to your PC.
From: Rubywand
You can do it 'by hand' using a block editor to change filetype, etc. information in a directory block; or, you can use UnforkIt. UnforkIt is a BASIC program by Ivan Drucker which splits a forked file into two files, neither of which is forked.
From: George Rentovich
just like any other volume?
Brutal Deluxe has released MountIt, a program for the IIgs to run disk images directly. You can store disk images without any conversions and run them on your IIgs just like with an emulator on a IBM or Mac. So if you've been thinking of adding a hard disk, MountIt helps with that decision.
MountIt (v1.2) by Antoine VIGNAU and Olivier ZARDINI, August 2009
- MountIt is a Permanent Init File. It handles ProDOS-based .dsk, .po, and .2mg disk images as volumes on the IIgs. Disk image files can vary in size from 32kb up to max available RAM.
- Up to sixteen volumes can be added to the system.
- MountIt mounts volumes as read-only if the disk image file is locked. Otherwise, the volume is mounted as read/write allowing read, write, and format operations.
- MountIt does not run under ProDOS 8. A switch to P8 will remove any drivers from memory.
- The MountIt package contains an Installer which will copy MountIt to your startup disk. The program source code can be found in the Documentation folder.
Download MountIt 1.2 at http://www.brutal-deluxe.fr/ .
Size Note: Transferring to 3.5" disk
Although 2MG, Diskcopy, and some other 800k image formats have file sizes greater than 800k, on a ProDOS diskette they will often occupy a good deal less space. You will often be able to transfer such files (e.g. via a NULL modem connection) to an Apple II 800k diskette so long as you employ a protocol which does not pre-send size information, such as X-modem.
User Contributions:
[ Usenet FAQs | Web FAQs | Documents | RFC Index ]
Send corrections/additions to the FAQ Maintainer:
Last Update March 27 2014 @ 02:11 PM
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Don't forget about Exchange 2000 in Active Directory design, part 2
Find out why Exchange 2000 design plays an important role in creating the best Active Directory model.
Think long and hard about the best Active Directory model for your organization. Do that, however, BEFORE deploying AD and Exchange 2000, said AD expert Ratmir Timashev. Changing your AD model a few months down the road can be tedious and time consuming.
Timashev concludes this series of articles on AD multi forest design by examining how to best set up multi forest environments and the messaging systems that go with them. In part one, he explained the problems administrators might have with a multi forest AD design in Exchange 2000. Timashev is president and CEO of Powell, OH-based Aelita Software.
SWM: What kinds of companies are most likely to setup a multi-forest environment?
Some companies, such as financial services, insurance, healthcare and government services organizations, may need to isolate parts of their directories to meet legal requirements or to comply with business practices. For them, it will be a necessary business expense.
SWM: How can administrators, then, set up a multi forest environment and its messaging system?
They should start with their AD design. First, they have to decide how to split their directories into several forests. Decentralized IT departments within a large corporation might consider separate forests to meet their individual IT needs. In addition, the most sensitive parts of the network --corporate, accounting, finance, R&D, etc. -- might be placed in a separate forest to guarantee the highest level of isolation and access control. To give users access to data in other forests, administrators create trust relationships between domains in the forests and use SID filtering, which is a mechanism that prevents the "Domain Trust" vulnerability from occurring between forests. This is a safe inter-forest collaboration setup.
Our Web site also has a free white paper on why SIDHistory is a security threat for those who would like more information. (
SWM: And the messaging system?
When you split the directory into several forests the main question you would have is whether the messaging system should be split too. In MF/SO you have a single Exchange organization shared by users from all the forests. In MF/MO each forest has an Exchange organization of its own. Having a single Exchange organization would allow for easier messaging system administration, as user collaboration and data replication is handled by native Exchange mechanisms.
However, multiple Exchange organizations are safer and easier to administer because administrators from each forest have their own Exchange organization. Another advantage is that this configuration does not require synchronization between the "account" forests and the "Exchange resource" forest. Unfortunately, in this case, data replication and user collaboration will be affected.
SWM: Which AD/Exchange design is best?
There is no "one size fits all" solution. Each organization must balance their administration and collaboration needs. However, I would expect smaller companies with a limited number of administrators to be more likely to select the single forest/single organization design. Larger organizations or organizations within certain vertical markets with unique isolation requirements are more likely to go multi forest.
Either way, enterprises need to consider the issues carefully before they make a decision. This is one of the most important steps in AD deployment. Changing the model when AD has already been deployed can be extremely painful. Each company should weigh the pros and cons of each model and decide which fits them best.
Go back to part one.
Single forest vs. multi-forest Active Directory design
Top 10 Exchange management headaches
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Take the 2-minute tour ×
Let $R$ be a commutative ring with $1$. Suppose that $I$ is an ideal of $R$ which is maximal with respect to the property that it is proper and not prime. Deduce that $I$ is contained in at most two other proper ideals of $R$.
I don't have idea. Help me.
Thanks in advanced.
share|improve this question
Hint: look at $R/I$. Ideals of $R/I$ correspond to ideals of $R$ containing $I$, so what does the condition on $I$ say about $R/I$? – Magdiragdag Jan 4 at 8:04
$R/I$ is a field. – user111636 Jan 4 at 8:06
$I$ is not a maximal ideal; it is only maximal with respect to some funny property; $I$ is, by assumption, not even prime. Can you think of an example, actually? – Magdiragdag Jan 4 at 8:08
All maximal ideals are prime. I don't understand the wording here. Also maximal ideals are contained in exactly 1, proper ideal of $R$ namely itself. – TheNumber23 Jan 4 at 8:11
@TheNumber23: Not maximal with respect to all ideals, maximal with respect to a certain class of ideals. – Jim Jan 4 at 8:24
1 Answer 1
up vote 0 down vote accepted
Let $I$ be such an ideal, and let $P$ be a minimal prime ideal over $I$. Then in $R/P$, every proper ideal is prime. Hence for any nonzero $a \in R/P$, $(a^2)$ is prime, so it contains $a$, so there is some $b$ such that $a^2b = a$; that is, $a(ab-1)=0$ and since $R/P$ is an integral domain, it follows that $ab=1$ and $a$ has an inverse. So that means that $R/P$ is a field; hence $P$ is maximal.
Now consider $R/I$. The nonzero proper ideals of $R/I$ correspond exactly to the proper ideals of $R$ strictly containing $I$, and they are all maximal. Use the result of your previous question to deduce that there are most two maximal ideals in $R/I$, and hence at most two proper ideals of $R$ strictly containing $I$.
share|improve this answer
Thank you very much – user111636 Jan 6 at 0:24
Your Answer
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6. The 2300 Day Prophecy and the Year-Day Principle
Book Reviews and Endorsements
The Sabbath Has Benn Changed Many Times
Dialog with SDA Scholar on the Law, 2014
200+ Errors in GC Intro, 326-410 (1 of 3)
1. My Testimony and Introduction
2. Seventh-day Adventism in a Nutshell
3. Biblical Inspiration and Ellen G. White
5. The Sanctuary in Daniel
6. The 2300 Day Prophecy and the Year-Day Principle
7. The Cleansing of Daniel 8:14
8. The Daily Sacrifice
9. Pattern-Fulfillment
10. Sin Transfer into the Sanctuary
11. The Truth about the Biblical Sanctuary
12. Books of Heaven
13. Rooms in the Heavenly Sanctuary
14. Inside the Veil
15. The Day of Atonement and the Scapegoat
16. Antiochus IV Epiphanes; 164 B.C.
17. Creation Sabbath
18. Weekly Sabbath
19. Shadow Sabbaths
20. Greater and Lesser Sabbaths
21. Jesus and the Sabbath
22. The Sabbath in Acts
23. Christian Liberty and Holy Days
25. Two Different Three Angels' Messages
Appendix 1: Sheol, Abaddon and the Soul
Appendix 2: Hades and the Soul
Appendix 3: Jewelry, Dress Code and Deceit
200 ERRORS FROM GC P411-444 (2 OF 3)
200 Errors in GC P445-605 (3 of 3)
Sunday Blue Law Paranoia of SDAs
Hell: After-Death Punishmetn
Questions on Daniel from an Andrews University Scholar
Marc Rasell and Russell Kelly dialog, Oct 2009
Marc Rasell and Russell Kelly dialog-2, Oct2009
Chapter Six
Edited: 8-2007
Dan. 8:14 Unto two thousand and three hundred days (KJV); For 2,300 evenings and mornings (NASU); For two thousand and three hundred evenings and mornings (RSV); It will take 2,300 evenings and mornings (NIV); ‘ereb-boqer (Hebrew)
Dan. 8:26 And the vision of the evening and the morning (‘ereb-boqer) which was told is true: wherefore shut up the vision; for it shall be for many days.
One: The odd Hebrew word for days in Daniel 8:14 is not the usual Hebrew word, yom, for day. Instead, it is the Hebrew words, ‘ereb-boqer, meaning “evenings-mornings” which are correctly translated in Daniel 8:26 (even in the KJV). When comparing the KJV, NASU, NIV, and RSV, only the King James Version incorrectly reads “days.” It is important to know that ‘ereb (evening) and boqer (morning) occur 48 times in the KJV as “evening and morning” and only once as “days” -- in Daniel 8:14!
Since the common Hebrew word for “day,” yom, does not appear in 8:14, this is probably a fundamental flaw in SDA calculations. Why? Because when the sanctuary is being discussed, the couplet, ‘ereb-boqer refers to the two daily sacrifices of the evening and the morning and the total count of days could very easily be calculated as half of 2300, or 1150 actual days.
Numb. 14:34 After the number of the days in which you searched the land, even forty days, each day for a year, shall you bear your iniquities, even forty years... [40 days became 40 years]
Ezek. 4:6 And when you have accomplished them, lie again on your right side, and you shall bear the iniquity of the house of Judah forty days: I have appointed you each day for a year. [390 years became 390 days; 40 years became 40 days]
Two: SDAs teach that “day-for-a-year” is an implied prophetic principle given in Numbers 14:34 and Ezekiel 4:4-6 which applies to Daniel 8:14. However, neither text is total prophecy! (1) While both texts use the same Hebrew formula, “day-for-year,” yom la-shaanaah yom la-shaanaah, their applications are opposite! While in Numbers 14:34 each day becomes one year (40 days to 40 years), in Ezekiel 4 each year becomes one day (390 years to 390 days and 40 years to 40 days). (2) These are not future prophetic times at all! Numbers 14:34 is a judicial sentence which began immediately. God was not giving a prophecy. He was telling Moses what to do! Moses was not allowed to let Israel cross into Canaan until 40 years had transpired. Neither is Ezekiel wholly a prophecy because the first period was already in progress! If there is a principle found in Numbers 14 and Ezekiel 4, then the principle is “When ‘day-year’ or ‘year-day’ is intended, it will be stated that this principle is being used.” (3) Even if Numbers 14:34 were a prophecy, it would be an exception to the rule and not the rule itself. For example, in Isaiah 23:15-17; Jeremiah 23:11-12; 29:10; Second Chronicles 36:21 and Daniel 9:2 “seventy years” means “seventy years” B not “seventy years of days (70 x 360 = 25200 years).” See the SDAs’ own admission in Doctrine of the Sanctuary, Biblical Research Institute, Editor Frank Holbrook, 1989, 231: “The year-day relationship can be biblically supported although it is not explicitly identified as a prophetic principle of interpretation.”
Dan. 9:24 Seventy weeks are determined upon your people and upon your holy city..... [70 x 7 weeks of years]
Three: SDAs also use the 490 years of Daniel 9:24 to prove the “day-year” principle. Yet this text can stand on its own integrity without reverting to Numbers 14:34. The Hebrew sha-bu-yim shi-bi-yim, can mean “70 weeks of years,” “week of 70 years,” “70 sevens” or “490 years” without requiring changing days into years! In other words, there is no principle changing one period of time into another period of time found in Daniel 9:24.
2 Peter 3:8 But, beloved, do not be ignorant of this one thing, that one day is with the Lord as a thousand years, and a thousand years as one day. [1 day to 1000 years; 1000 years to 1 day]
Four: It is a good thing that SDAs did not use Second Peter 3:8 as their guide for Daniel 8:14. That would place the beginning of the Investigative Judgment 2,300,000 years away, or in 2.3 days. However, the text does prove that the logic could extend in either direction.
Five: SDAs teach that the question of 8:13 about the “daily” was asking when the Day of Atonement pattern would be fulfilled by Messiah in the heavenly sanctuary. Actually, the question was asking when the Jerusalem Temple would be rededicated through a typical (non Day of Atonement) restoration. The use of ‘ereb-boqer in Daniel 8:14 instead of yom is connected, not with prophetic days, as SDAs insist, but with the “evening and morning” ”daily sacrifice” which had been defiled by the little horn in Daniel 8:11. This caused the question in 8:13 asking when would it be restored. When SDA founders used Cruden’s Concordance instead of Hebrew, they were not aware of the difference between yom and ‘ereb boqer.
Six: SDAs teach that the context of Daniel 8:14 provided no beginning point and reasoned that both time periods (8:14 and 9:24) must begin at the same point in history. In reality, they mean that Daniel 8 provided no beginning point that would satisfy their own theory. Actually there are quite a few beginning points which better fit the context of Daniel 8. (1) “In the third year of the reign of king Belshazzar a vision appeared unto me” 8:1; (2) the vision literally began when the Persian ram emerged in 8:2; (3) the emergence of the goat in 8:5-7; (3) the breaking of the great horn in 8:8; (4) the emergence of the little horn in 8:9; (5) the persecution of the host in 8:10 and, especially, (6) the desolation of the sanctuary in 8:11-12 which is definitely the focus of 8:13-14. Therefore, the next desolation of the sanctuary in 167 B. C. should be the most obvious beginning point. However, almost certainly, if Christ has not returned by 2133, somebody will again subtract Antiochus’ desolation in 167 B. C. from 2300 to promote that date.
Seven: SDAs teach that the 2300 years must get their beginning from the vision of Daniel 9:24-27. This is pure speculation. Any of the starting points previously discussed would better fit the context. There was widespread disagreement even within the historical interpretation community during the early 1800s. (See points #4 above and #8 below.) Adam Clarke’s Commentary (who followed the “day-year” formula) said it started with the conquests of the great Greek horn (Alexander) of 8:8 in 334 B. C. Cumming, began the period with the decline of Persia in 480 B. C. On the other hand, the historical date of December 25, 167 B. C. for the desolation by Antiochus Epiphanes is predominant.
Eight: Although William Miller had 15 different ways to reach 1843 (not 1844), none of them included Ezra 7 and 457 B. C.! However, SDAs now teach that Ezra 7’s decree of 457 B. C. is the only valid beginning date of both Daniel 9:24’s chronology and the 2300 “years” of Daniel 8:14. But, by discussing Ezra 7 in the chapter on William Miller, [“In the seventh chapter of Ezra the decree is found.”] (GC326), SDAs deceive the reader into thinking that it was discovered by Miller. See #7 of Miller=s Time Proved in Fifteen Different Ways, found in Arasola’s The End of Historicism and Ratzlaff’s Cultic Doctrine, 64-65.
In chapter 9 Daniel was attempting to connect the desolation of 8:10-12 to the prophecy of Jeremiah -- not to the heavenly sanctuary. “In the first year of his reign I Daniel understood by books the number of the years, whereof the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah the prophet, that he would accomplish seventy years in the desolations of Jerusalem (Dan. 9:2).”
Yet SDAs stand firm on their conclusions that Ezra 7:21-28’s decree of 457 B. C. is the beginning of the 2300 “years” which ended in 1844. But even this date is controversial because Daniel 9:24’s “from the going forth of the commandment to restore and to build Jerusalem” is about a decree to rebuild the walls and city of Jerusalem. Daniel 9:24 and 25 say nothing about the Temple which was rebuilt and restored in 515 B. C. Daniel 9:25 ends with “the street shall be built again, and the wall, even in troublous times.” Ezra is full of decrees about the Temple, but none about the walls of the city itself. This is extremely damaging to the SDA foundation! “Decree” occurs in Ezra 5:13, 17; 6:1, 3, 8, 11, 12; 7:13, 21. There is an obsession with the “house” of God in Ezra; the word, “house,” occurs over 65 times in the short book!
Jeremiah had prophesied in 605 B. C. that there would be 70 years of captivity. When the Persians under Cyrus defeated Babylon in 538 B. C., a decree was issued in that year to authorize the rebuilding of the Temple in Jerusalem -- not the city and its walls (Ezra 1:1-2). There was a re-issuance of the first decree by Artaxerxes in 457 B. C., but it also only affected the Temple and not the city and its walls (Ezra 7).
Nehemiah 2’s decree better fits the description of Daniel 9:24. It was not until 446-444 B. C., that a decree was issued which authorized the rebuilding of the city and its walls in fulfillment of the exact wording of Daniel 9:24 and 25 (Nehemiah 2). The book of Nehemiah reflects an obsession with rebuilding the walls of the city. Therefore the SDA use of Ezra 7 instead of Nehemiah 2 for the fulfillment of Daniel 9:24-25 is very questionable and would change their 1844 date.
Nine: SDAs do not teach that the sanctuary of 8:14 become defiled at the beginning of the 2300 “years” in 457 B. C. Yet this failure is inconsistent with their 2300 time period
However, since the question of 8:13 was “how long” should the “vision,” and the “transgression” and the “trampling under foot” of the “host” continue, then it should be logically deduced that the beginning of the 2300 time period was also the beginning of the “vision concerning the daily sacrifice.” Yet SDAs ignore this conclusion.
When do SDAs teach that the heavenly sanctuary first became defiled? Follow this trail. Since SDAs teach that, in 1844, Christ began investigating the list of professed believers, beginning with Adam, then their logic demands that the heavenly sanctuary first became defiled with the very first sin forgiven by God in Genesis 3:21. (See GC480, 483, 644.) When the LORD (Yahweh) forgave Adam, He must have begun His ministry as mediator inside the heavenly sanctuary and, therefore (as SDAs claim) defiled it. Ellen White states in The Great Controversy, page 421, “In the New Covenant the sins of the repentant are by faith placed upon Christ and transferred, in fact, to the heavenly sanctuary.@” Therefore Christ’s blood (SDAs teach) causes the greatest defilement of the sanctuary!
SDAs also teach that the Roman Catholic confessional (made mandatory by the Lateran Council in 1215) is the defilement of Daniel 8:12. If this were true, then they should also conclude that the 2300 years began in 1215! As Protestants, they should also agree that the Protestant Reformation (three centuries before 1844) was the beginning of this doctrinal cleansing. Yet they teach neither!
Finally, when SDAs do not include God’s own defilement of the Jerusalem Temple when He ripped the veil, they miss the end of its usefulness and the end of its law-pattern fulfillment when the New Covenant began (Mt. 27:31; Heb. 9:8).
Historically, the literal Jerusalem Temple was fully functioning in 457 B. C. It functioned continuously from Nehemiah=s restoration in 515 B.C. until Rome caused it to cease in A. D. 70. The only very noteworthy exception was the 1150 literal days between 167 B. C. and 164 B. C.! Therefore, the beginning desolation of the 2300 evening-morning can be historically documented as December 25, 167 B. C.
Ten: SDAs teach that the 2300 “days” were 2300 “years” which reached to 1844. Yet they were neither the first nor the last to apply this period to modern times. In 1452 Krebs of Cusa taught that it started with the rise of Persia (Dan. 8:3) and ended between 1700-1750. The Matthew Henry Commentary mentioned that Cumming placed the end of the 2300 “years” in 1821. In 1825, the Methodist classic, Adam Clarke’s Commentary, stated that the little horn of 8:9 was Antiochus IV, but might be pagan Rome. He reasoned that, if the 2300 years began with the emergence of Alexander in 334 B. C., it would end with a Jerusalem sanctuary being built in the A. D. 1966. Like Adventists, Clarke interpreted the little horn of Daniel 7:25 as the Roman Catholic Church and predicted that its power would last 1260 years from A. D. 755 to 2015. Views such as Clarke’s were well-known to the early Adventists, many of whom came from the Methodist Church. However, Matthew Henry himself, plus Miller’s other contemporaries such as Albert Barnes; Jamieson, Fausset and Brown and Keil and Delitzsch all agreed with the Antiochus Epiphanes explanation of Daniel 8:14.
Historically, the 2300 days were either 2300 literal days between 171-164 B. C., or else 1150 daily sacrifices performed in 1150 literal days between 167-164 B. C. The 2300 ‘ereb-boqer were literal sanctuary burnt offerings in which the “daily sacrifice” (Hebrew tamid) had been interrupted by Antiochus IV. This sacrifice was offered twice a day: in the evening, ‘ereb, and in the morning, boqer. Therefore the number, 2300, could either refer to 2300 total days, or 6.4 years, or 1150 total sacrifices offered in 3.2 years. Both time periods are historically defensible. The 6.4 years fits the time period when Jewish youth were enticed away from the sanctuary to the Greek gymnasium. The 3.2 years fits the time period between the desecration of the altar with a pig and its rededication after the civil war had ended in 164 B.C. Josephus made three different statements in three different places about this period being 3 years, 3 and one quarter years, and three and one half years. See Preface to Wars (3 years 3 months); Wars i. 1.1 (3 2 years); Antiquities xii.7.6 (3 years).
Eleven: Unfortunately, in the SDAs’ own scenario, nothing really “ended” in 1844, the so-called “end” of the 2300 “years.” This seriously contradicts the text [8:14’s ‘then shall’) and is the opposite end of the preceding discussion.
In practice, SDAs make the answer to the question in 8:13 “After” (not “before” or “not until”) 2300 years, then the heavenly sanctuary will ”begin to be restored.” The verb action is reversed! Instead of something ending after the 2300 time period, something begins.
Although much of the SDA scenario has ended, none of it ended in 1844. (1) The ripped veil in the Temple at Christ=s death both ended the significance of the old sanctuary (Heb. 9:8) and began the priesthood of believers, thus allowing every believer to boldly enter directly into the Most Holy Place (Heb. 4:16; 7:19-20; 10:19-20). Sadly, though, admitting this truth would force SDAs to correct their doctrine. (2) The A. D. 70 desolation of the Jerusalem Temple has not ended because it has not been rebuilt. (3) According to Protestants, in the 1500s the Protestant Reformation corrected (or ended by exposing) the false doctrine of the Roman Catholic confessional. (4) The only thing that did not end in 1844 is the Investigative Judgment which allegedly only began in 1844.
The question in 8:13 was “How long will the vision about the regular sacrifice apply, while the transgression causes horror, so as to allow both the holy place and the host to be trampled?” NASU. And the answer in 8:14 is “For 2,300 evenings and mornings; then the holy place will be properly restored” NASU. If the interpretation of the answer does not match the question, then it must be the wrong answer! The question, “how long?,” means “how long until the desolation stops?” Wa-ni-tsa-daq literally means in Hebrew “then shall be restored” (NASU), “restored to its rightful state” (RSV) and “then will be reconsecrated” (NIV). In order for the SDA interpretation to be correct, the verb, ni-tsa-daq, would have to mean “shall begin to be restored” C and it does not!
Historically, the sanctuary of 8:14 was indeed completely cleansed at the end of the 2300 days in 164 B. C. This interpretation follows the logical sequence that the desecrating little horn from 8:9 to 8:13 was part of the Greek he-goat of 8:8 and was not a new empire such as pagan or papal Rome.
Heb. 9:25-26 Nor yet that he should offer himself often, as the high priest enters into the [most] holy place every year with blood of others; For then must he often have suffered since the foundation of the world: but now once in the end of the world he has appeared to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself.
Twelve: SDAs teach that the anti-typical Day of Atonement has been continuing since 1844. The worst failure of SDA “pattern-fulfillment” is the length of their prophetic “Day” of Atonement itself! While the “day-for-a-year” pattern SDAs use from Numbers 14:34 should only allow for one year (1844-1845), it is evident that they cannot possibly be honest to their own principle of interpretation. They will not accept the fact that Christ fulfilled the pattern when He died on only one day! The most important prophetic “day” in all of Adventism, the “day” which gave birth to their existence as a church movement in 1844 has already lasted over 160 years! Evidently, the patterns are not exact patterns after all.
However, fulfillment of the Day of Atonement cannot possibly fit into a period of time lasting more than part of a single day (such as since 1844). Since the Old Covenant cleansing began and ended within minutes of the blood of the sacrificial animal being shed, then the pattern-fulfillment should also require that the cleansing of the heavenly sanctuary both begin and end soon after Christ shed His blood.
In reality, the “one day” Day of Atonement in Leviticus 16 was indeed fulfilled in one day when Jesus died!
Rev. 14:7 Saying with a loud voice, Fear God, and give glory to him; for the hour [Greek: hoora] of his judgment is come ...
Rev. 9:15 And the four angels were loosed, which were prepared for an hour [SDA: 15 days] [Greek: hoora], and a day [SDA: year], and a month [SDA: 30 years], and a year [SDA: 360 years], for to slay the third part of men. [SDA reckoning]
Thirteen: SDAs interpret “hour” in Revelation 9:15 as prophetic time and applied it to Turkey in 1840. Ellen White called it “another remarkable fulfillment of prophecy” which occurred “at the very time specified” (GC334-335). Their “hour” was 15 days, that is, 1/24th of a 360 day year. Yet they do not use the same principle with “hour” in one of their favorite texts, Revelation 14:7. But, following their own time principles, if the Investigative Judgment began on October 22, 1844, then it should have only lasted one hour, or 15 days. “Hour” (hoora) occurs 108 times in the N. T. and in Revelation 3:3, 10; 9:15; 11:13; 14:7, 15; 17:12; 18:10, 17, 19.
Fourteen: The SDA doctrine of the 2300 “days” also means that it would have been impossible for Christ to return before 1844. Yet Christians in every century have believed that Jesus could return in their own lifetime. Even the Apostle Paul spoke about Christ=s soon return in the first person, “we” (1 Thess. 4:17; 1 Cor. 15:51).
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Russell Earl Kelly, PH. D., 6610 Skyview Dr SE, Acworth,Ga 30101
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Crafting Excellence
Competition Details
World handicrafts, one soil for all
by Edgardo Maya
The proposal represents the creative process and the development of the handicraft’s work. It is a tribute to the valuable work –in every sense, of artisans as driving forces of development and human imagination, without letting aside their cultural heritage, as well as considering as the base of handicrafts the human creativity in contact with the essential element of our Earth.
The element of the pot represents the artisan tradition, and the hands –the creators.
The five juxtaposed pots represent the five continents of the Earth at equilibrium - the universality of handicrafts.
The circular and tidy form of the pots in circle represents the creative cycle that implies also innovation and sustainability.
The earth color and its blends represent the basic element of the artisans from all over the world, as an element of the soil they share and that shapes their work; the same soil that grows various materials that can be used for handicrafts.
The ochre color represents the basic color of the materials over the world that is still valid despite all technological changes that support innovation.
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The Canadian Space Agency Prepares for Possible Budget Cuts
Budget 2012.
The Canadian Space Agency is preparing for a possible budget cut, one which could significantly affect the agency. The possible cut comes as no surprise. After all, the government has indicated many times this year that cuts to all departments were possible. What was not expected is the possible size of the cuts.
The Canadian Space Agency (CSA) was tasked to provide two budget cut scenarios to the government. One in which it cut its budget by 5% and the other by 10%. SpaceRef has learned that all programs came under review. The CSA was told not to just make a blanket 5 or 10% cut but to critically review every single program, a difficult and time consuming task. The result of the reviews helped shape the budget cut scenarios the government will use when deciding what, if anything, to cut from the CSA budget.
A potential influence to budget considerations was the House of Commons Standing Committee on Finance pre-budget consultations. On June 27th the committee issued a release inviting Canadians to participate in the annual pre-budget consultation process by either submitting a written brief and indicating if they wanted to appear before the Committee. In total over 400 briefs were submitted of which three came from the space sector.
The briefs presented were from the space sector included the Aerospace Industries Association of Canada (AIAC), COM DEV Canada and EADS Canada.
Unfortunately for the space sector the AIAC brief contained no mention of the space sector but rather focused on the aero portion of it's aerospace mandate. This is somewhat understandable as the space sector makes up only about 15% of the revenues in the overall aerospace sector. So going to bat for the space sector was left to two companies, COM DEV and EADS.
For its part COM DEV is proposing a "smalls-space" strategy with Public-Private-Partnerships at the centre of this new strategy. Also critical to moving forward is a long term space plan.
"Today, with our ability to invest constrained by encroaching economic realities, we believe it is time to consider another path. We are proposing - at least in the short term - that government pursue a "small-space" strategy and introduce the use of Public-Private-Partnerships (PPPs), as alternatives to funding the large space projects needed to for Canada's essential national space infrastructure. By freeing up cash for more, smaller projects this way, CSA could sustain its role in the successful niche-leadership based "Space-Team-Canada" exports strategy, over the full range of space technologies where Canada is strongest, and also continue to create new opportunities by being able to participate in new collaborative international space projects. This global period of international budget constraint is in fact creating new opportunities for more Canadian participation in large international projects. Organizations like NASA and ESA are actively promoting more international cooperation as they too struggle with the affordability of their largest space projects."
EADS brief offered two very specific programs and ways to implement them that would ''achieving sustained economic recovery in Canada, promote the creation of quality sustainable jobs and help the Government reduce costs to achieve a balanced budget."
The one project EADS mentions that deals directly with the space sector is Mercury Global. According to EADS Mercury Global is a DND project "to establish the space infrastructure and services needed to serve DND's broadband communications requirements for deployed operations anywhere in the world over the next 15 years."
EADS proposes using its Alternate Service Delivery (ADS) for large scale federal capital projects in order to ensure substantial long-term savings. Key partners include Telesat, COM DEV and MDA.
It's clear from these briefs that really only COM DEV was offering an idea that wasn't entirely selfish. Unfortunately COM DEV appears to be the only voice from the sector that made use of this opportunity to positively influence the budget process.
The government will take the consultations and table a report in the House of Commons in December.
As for the CSA if it's lucky it might survive the coming budget process with little or no cuts. That is a still a possibility. However it is possible it might get a 5% cut and depending on how the government reads the scenarios and the current economic times. Or it could get that worse case scenario 10% cut. If that was to happen then most likely jobs would be lost as part of the cut, no just programs. At 5% the CSA might not have to do much job cutting, just normal attrition.
What is certain is that the stimulus money is all but gone, the CSA won't get a budget increase and no long term plan has been released. With last weeks announcement that the Aerospace review will start early next year it appears uncertainty is word the space sector better get used to for some time. And that is something that's not good for the industry.
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Take the 2-minute tour ×
Ok my original question was apparently too vague and raised question marks about my problem with the power curve in 3.5. I won't explain why I don't like 3.5 since that's not the point of my question. I'll simply reformulate my question.
I've been playing 3.5 and Pathfinder for over 6 years now and I recently got tired of rule-intensive systems after playing Mutants and Masterminds for a while. What I like of Mutants and Masterminds:
• Combat is not tactical. No grid, no attack of opportunity etc.
• All the combat rules are covered in couples of pages.
• The list of conditions for your character (sickened, shaken etc.) is shorter and more intuitive since the numbers are consistent.
• The system doesn't have any classes so you don't have to fit into a box of preselected features.
• Game is point-buy so players can create their own characters with no other limits than their creation point budget and the campaign frame.
I could use Mutants and Masterminds as a system for a fantasy game but that wouldn't be appropriate. Mostly like using Exalted to play a game where all players are humble farmers. Scalability problem etc.
So now I would like to start a fantasy game with a system that correspond the following criteria:
• Fast combat
• Combat is not tactical
• No classes so player can create their character the way they want
• The books are still available somehow (free pdf, still in print etc.)
• The system can cover any genre from vanilla D&D (Middle-Earth-esque) to Steam Punk + magic.
• System must not be bound to a setting (like Exalted or L5R where you need to select a clan or an element of the setting that would determine features for your character).
share|improve this question
closed as not constructive by mxyzplk Jul 14 '12 at 15:54
Answerers - read the top comment and the links. I will just up and delete answers that don't explain how they have used or directly seen used game X for purpose Y. "I have heard of it" or "I'm sure it would be good for" are not worthy answers to system-rec on this site. Your answer should go into depth on how you personally used that system in a game matching what the OP describes and how that worked out for you. Thanks. – mxyzplk Jul 11 '12 at 0:35
Probably too late, but am closing this - a question too general, which probably 50% of extant RPGs could be argued to fit, along with a batch of answers of which only the small minority bother to meet our requirements and are largely poor fits anyway. If nothing else the close can warn future posters to take this one with a grain of salt. – mxyzplk Jul 14 '12 at 15:58
7 Answers 7
up vote 7 down vote accepted
Our group has used Savage Worlds for some time. It has a simple character creation process, and has a lot of game settings to pick from, or you can roll your own. There is a test drive PDF, so you can get a feel for the system.
I've had two experiences with spell casters: one was balanced well with the rest of the party, and another was effectively a one-shot wonder. Spellcaster balance is all down the the Edges you pick though, and how you play the character. I think the system itself handles it well, since there are opportunity costs to focusing on one over-powered trick.
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What's your experience when it comes to spellcasters in Savage World? Does it balance well with the non casters? – MrJinPengyou Jul 10 '12 at 19:16
This really doesn't tell me why this answers the question. Need a bit more than links to the game. – wax eagle Jul 10 '12 at 20:13
I was going to say Savage Worlds too, but it does have its own scaling issues. Maybe "issues" is too strong a word—it's not broken at higher power levels, but how to manage the numbers is hard to figure out before one has some experience with the system at high power levels. – SevenSidedDie Jul 11 '12 at 0:25
Since this was the selected answer, can someone improve this answer with how this game system addresses each of the bullet points? – GMNoob Jul 12 '12 at 9:37
My go-to system for simple and generic is the D6 system by West End Games. It's an older system, and quite simplistic in nature. It doesn't offer the tactical combat of, say, a d20 system, but it provides an easy framework to play around in.
Character creation is fast and simple. You split up a pool of points into your attributes. Then you split a smaller pool of points into your skills. I believe later editions added a few merits/flaws to the mix.
The system comes in a variety of flavors. I played D6 Star Wars extensively for a number of years, but there are the newer, and more generic D6 Space, Adventure (Modern), and Fantasy available. Best of all, the latest editions are available for free on Drive Thru RPG.
Scalability is probably the weakest fit. For the most part, characters just get better at what they do, with a few branching out to become more rounded over time. Balancing an encounter is mostly a matter of using antagonists with numbers similar to the PCs. Unfortunately, some of the special powers are badly unbalancing (there were a few absolutely atrocious ones in D6 Star Wars). The system is simple enough that my group always felt comfortable house ruling the offenders as they came up, but it is something to be aware of.
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There is OpenQuest which is based off Mongoose Runequest. It is a skill based RPG with no classes and uses the d100 as the main dice mechanic. It a more straight forward to play than Chaosium's Basic Roleplaying or Mongoose Legends/Runquest II
You may want to look at one of the Swords & Wizardry games. They are all based of the 1974 edition of Dungeons & Dragons. While class based your knowledge of Pathfinder can be put to use. Plus the power curve is very different than later editions particularly with the White Box version.
Also both are free to download and supported by the fanbase.
share|improve this answer
would possibly be just as well off spending the $1 for the PDF of Legend, which is the "de-Glorantha'd" version of MRQ... if only for the ease of evaluation, and the ease of obtaining dead tree if desired. – aramis Jul 10 '12 at 23:21
I didn't realize they were still selling for a $1 but Legend would be a good but slightly more complex alternative to OpenQuest. Also note the monster guide is separate for Legend. – RS Conley Jul 11 '12 at 12:15
I'm a big fan of the Burning Wheel system and I think it would suit your criteria based on my experience with it.
Fast combat & Combat is not tactical
There are 2 main combat resolution mechanics in BW. The first, "Bloody Versus", is very simple. You have a dice pool defined by your weapon skill + armor bonuses. You split this into 2 piles for attack and defense, and then you roll against the opponent doing the same.
The second is "Fight!", which is more detailed, though still not tactical in the way you describe. You script out your actions a few in advance and resolve at the same time, where actions can be things like "Avoid", "Strike", "Cast Spell", and so on. A in-depth overview of the Fight rules is on the BW wiki. (Note that I believe this page applies to BW Revised, which is not the most recent version. BW Gold simplifies this while keeping the same spirit). The Fight! system is also not required. You can run an entire campaign without ever using it. I've had a campaign running for almost a year, and I believe the Fight! rules have come out precisely once during that time period.
There's also a system parallel to Fight!, called Duel of Wits. It is used for social combat where the moves are things like "Point", "Rebuttal", "Dismiss", etc.
No classes so player can create their character the way they want
Characters in BW are made via a lifepath system. There's no class, you just pick what experiences your character has had leading up to this point in their life. From that, you get certain combinations of skills, traits, and so on. Every character is completely unique. For example, you could even play a midwife
The latest revision, Burning Wheel Gold, was released August 2011 and is in print.
The game includes mostly only generic fantasy (heavily Tolkien-inspired), but it could be easily modified by making your own lifepaths & skills. Here's an example Steampunk hack
System must not be bound to a setting
There is no defined setting in the rulebooks. There is only an implied fantasy setting described by what lifepaths & skills are available to characters, and the group is recommended to create their own setting as part of the campaign start. Custom lifepaths and skills can shape the setting in new ways. Additionally, the rules sections are divided into Hub, Spokes, and Rim. Hub defines the basic core of the system (how to roll, stats, advancement, etc). The spokes describe rules on how to apply the hub in play. Rules in the Rim section are all optional, and include things like Fight!, an abstract resource system, social combat, magic, divine faith, and more.
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@downvoters: Please leave a comment saying how this answer could be improved. – Daenyth Jul 11 '12 at 16:00
-1 BW is my most favorite RPG ever, but I don't think it really meets the spirit of the requirements. For example, lifepaths don't pigeon-hole you like classes, but they are specifically designed to add heavy constraints to character-building. Likewise, those LPs include baked-in setting elements. Adapting BW to non-medieval-ish settings involves doing a bit of your own game design, sometimes on a pretty involved level (hence why the setting hacks are hacks rather than just "we played X in BW"). – Alex P Jul 11 '12 at 16:10
The answer, technically, is the best of this sorry bunch. My problem, having run (with my own travails) BW is that I don't see how "combat is not tactical" and the fight mechanics of BW... are at all compatible. While I would love to upvote this answer for its comprehensive approach to answering the requirements, I cannot. – Brian Ballsun-Stanton Jul 11 '12 at 16:12
@BrianBallsun-Stanton: I took "tactical" to mean "with a tactical map", but I can see how it would be interpeted otherwise. Regardless, it's not a required rule -- you can run an entire campaign without using the rule. You can run a campaign without even needing it, if the plot is centered around social conflict. Alex P: I disagree that LP restrict as much as classes. LPs restrict where you came from, but classes restrict where you're going. I think that's a big difference. In any case, thanks to both of you for your feedback – Daenyth Jul 11 '12 at 16:15
The Lifepath system in BW is not a class system - it's more akin to Traveller's Careers than to anything else. It gets you access to some skills and points to spend on skills - but doesn't require that you take all the listed skills. – aramis Jul 12 '12 at 5:32
GURPS might be what you're looking for. One thing to keep in mind with GURPs is that it's so flexible that it can do almost anything, but a genre-specific system often does it better.
Gurps has an overwhelming breadth, so there's some overhead involved with paring it down to the applicable features and settings. There are so many options for point buys, items, and mechanics. Many won't be applicable to a given campaign. So GURPS is great if there isn't a good RPG for whatever setting you want because it can do almost anything. But a more specific system doesn't require that overhead. Of course, if you are dissatisfied with the canonical RPGs for what you want, give GURPS a shot. It is a fun system, but it requires some extra work.
To answer some specifics:
Pros - Combat can be non-tactical as you said, or it can use a hex grid. Or a hybrid of both, where the DM keeps track on a hex grid but only tells the players what is happening instead of displaying it on a map. "There is a goblin in front of you and a second charging through the door."
Cons - one round is usually one second so in theory it can translate in to many rounds for one encounter. Depends on your DM.
Character creation
Pros - point buy, as you said. No classes. You can build around a concept or build around your character's story. Lots of freedom. Can take disadvantages for extra points so you are aren't out-done by power gamers if you want to build your character a specific way for RP purposes.
Cons - so many options - attributes, advantages, disadvantages, and skills can all be bought with points. May need to be pared down by the GM depending on the setting. Needs a cap on disadvantages or it can get absurd. Again, character creation can be a lengthy process unless the DM delivers a simplified list of available buys or lays down some rules about what to buy. This is not necessarily a bad thing if your campaign is going to be long because it means you have to put more thought in to your character.
All pro in my opinion. Can be adapted to basically any setting with the base books and supplements can help. Has a great concept called "technology level" which helps dictate which items are available in a given campaign and takes a lot of the guesswork and historical research out of the way for you.
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I don't think Gurps really suits the criteria asked for - specifcally, I wouldn't call Gurps character creation simple. It is shallow, but extremely broad. – YogoZuno Jul 10 '12 at 23:13
Smeg have you used it, personally, for fast-combat in theatre-of-the-mind? Is it fun that way? – Brian Ballsun-Stanton Jul 11 '12 at 15:37
@BrianBallsun-Stanton - I +1'ed this because in the decades I've been playing GURPS, I've never used a battlemap. I've always played TotM, maybe with a few pieces to help illustrate the situation. With a little GM practice (required for fast combat in any game), combat can be pretty quick. Which isn't to say that you can't get down to serious details if you want. And yeah, it's fun or I wouldn't have been playing it since Man-to-Man. – gomad Jul 11 '12 at 17:39
@YogoZuno - GURPS is optionally rules-intensive. The core of GURPS is 3d6 roll-under, and that by itself will take you a long way. Don't know the rules for freezing? Drowning? Thirst? Sleep deprivation? Roll HT and go with it. Character creation can be as simple as choosing a template and doing a little customizing, or as complex as creating new abilities from scratch. Yes, all the detail you could possibly want is available. But with basic combat, pretty much everything you need is right on the character sheet! – gomad Jul 12 '12 at 15:00
Hey guys, this isn't a discussion forum. Take discussions to chat; I've pruned these comments. – mxyzplk Jul 13 '12 at 5:26
I have been very happy with Green Ronin's Dragon Age RPG and Adventure Game Engine (AGE) system, playing it online with a small group in MapTools.
The AGE system very approachable and advancement, IMHO, is significantly character focused with a power balance that addresses the video game experience, but not becoming a quest at point farming or power leveling. It's all in the fluff and flavor.
I also like the box set approach too.
share|improve this answer
is the Dragon Age RPG linked to its setting in the core mechanics? Like Warhammer Fantasy Roleplay 3rd edition would take a lot of adaptation if I want to to, let's say, an Eberron Campaign. – MrJinPengyou Jul 10 '12 at 19:11
I understand AGE is being used for new settings in development by Green Ronin. The core mechanics are very 'hackable.' However, DA is very much a fantasy setting. And yes, WFRP 3e would be a painful adaptation. – javafueled Jul 10 '12 at 20:09
I might also add, one thing I found in the AGE system is an evolvement by Chris Pramas of his work in WFRP 2e (second edition). As a WFRP 2e refugee (and fanboy) I immediately felt at home with the AGE mechanics in context without it being WFRP 2e; I could sense that the Chris' learned a lot from what worked in WFRP 2e and refined it in the AGE mechanics. IHMO. – javafueled Jul 10 '12 at 20:14
The rules as written are linked to the setting, but the setting is pretty generic anyway. – aramis Jul 12 '12 at 5:38
Another potential option is Legend of the Five Rings. Although the setting of the main game is Samurai fantasy, I've found in the past that the rules can easily be used for just about any fantasy type setting with very little in the way of changes. The core mechanic is simple and flexible, and character creation is relatively simple. The standard rules do kind of have a class mechanism, in that you choose to be a spellcaster or fighter type at creation, so it may not fit all of your requirements. In the core L5R setting, though, there are mainly cultural differences between fighters and spellcasters. There are very few mechanical differences, and shugenja can learn all the same skills as bushi for the most part.
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Legend of the Burning Sands is a Middle-easternish setting with the same mechanics. Seventh Sea (now OOP) is again the same engine, but slightly more different, for fantasy Europe and the Mediterranean. – aramis Jul 10 '12 at 23:25
Seventh Sea is more Renaissance than Medieval, but could certainly also be used for fantasy. – YogoZuno Jul 11 '12 at 11:30
@Yogo, could you tell us how you've repurposed the rules to other settings and what other problems you had? Also, how can you restructure the class mechanism to most suit the requirements? – Brian Ballsun-Stanton Jul 11 '12 at 15:36
The last time we used the L5R rules for fantasy, we just used them straight out of the rulebook, and ignored the fact they were designed to be used for Samurai. We used the Schools as representative of European fantasy - for instance, my character was an Elven Skyship captain, so I used one of the Yoritomo schools. One of the other players had a Dwarf with the Crab bushi school. I don't think we had a mage that time out. As to the 'class' mechanism, you could just ignore it, and make being a mage an advantage of some sort. – YogoZuno Jul 12 '12 at 9:20
The method used in LBS is to simply rename the abilities, and write new classes based upon the intended theme. Note that 7th Sea doesn't use the schools, nor all 9 attributes (reducing to just the 5 rings) - proving the system works without the schools - so you could just go skill based, and allow every insight rank to pick a power, or even just not use the school based powers. – aramis Jul 13 '12 at 2:57
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Using UDFs to avoid cursors
By Cade Bryant,
Let's say you have 2 tables: a Contacts table and a PhoneNumbers table (which stores all the phone numbers for each contact). You are asked to write a query that returns each contact's name and a comma-delimited string of phone numbers for each contact, something like this:
FirstName LastName PhoneNumbers
John Smith 111-222-3333, 444-555-6666
Many developers would attempt to do this with a cursor. While a cursor could certainly be coded to do the job, there is actually a more efficient way of doing this that doesn't require cursors or temp tables.
You would write a UDF that grabs the phone numbers, and then execute the UDF within a SELECT statement, as the following code demonstrates:
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Soros-funded HRW Jumps on Kony2012 AFRICOM Crusade
Another video of "Africans" begging the US to invade & occupy Africa.
by Tony Cartalucci
March 20, 2012 - Human Rights Watch (HRW) during the height of the Kony 2012 hysteria, dusted off one of its old propaganda videos titled, "Joseph Kony - LRA" uploaded on November of 2010, to try and capitalize on the attention Invisible Children raised earlier this month. However, the Kony 2012 campaign imploded just as fast, and perhaps even more spectacularly than it rose - with vast numbers of people pointing out the untenable narrative it attempted to peddle and the fact that it served as nothing more than a pretext for an expanded US AFRICOM presence in Africa.
Both Human Rights Watch and Invisible Children are funded by Wall Street speculator George Soros through his Open Society Institute and the myriad of corporate-funded foundations it funnels money through. At least one foundation behind Invisible Children (.pdf, page 22), "Enough," who is also involved in the George Clooney promotion of a US AFRICOM intervention in oil-rich Sudan, actually counts Human Rights Watch a partner.
Image: HRW's partners include Wall Street speculator George Soros' Open Society Institute which also funds Invisible Children through a myriad of proxy foundations. Note on the right-hand side the "Dear Obama" video which is featured below. It was originally uploaded in 2010, but has just recently been featured on HRW's website in the midst of the recent Kony 2012 hysteria.
After Invisible Children collapsed under the weight of overexposure - simply the sheer volume of people scrutinizing and exposing the fraud being peddled - we can begin to appreciate the necessity the Wall Street-London elite see in cultivating a vast array of redundant "human rights" fronts. This is to compartmentalize catastrophes like Invisible Children, and just like a ship that loses an entire section to flooding, it can be sealed off and the agenda kept afloat. In this case, the AFRICOM agenda can still keep moving forward even with "all hands lost" at Invisible Children.
HRW video has Africans "begging" for AFRICOM to carry out its mission.
Video: HRW's video features "Africans" operating under the false perception that the US President is a global arbiter. These "Africans" are also suspiciously eager for the US to intervene in their respective nations and "bring security" - which just so happens to be AFRICOM's stated objective.
Examining the mission statement of US Africa Command (AFRICOM), as provided on their official website we see:
Africa Command’s activities, plans, and operations are centered on two guiding principles:
1. A safe, secure, and stable Africa is in our national interest.
2. Over the long run, it will be Africans who will best be able to address African security challenges and that AFRICOM most effectively advances U.S. security interests through focused security engagement with our African partners.
Upon watching the HRW propaganda video we see "Africans" addressing President Obama regarding atrocities being committed by Joseph Kony's Lord's Resistance Army (LRA). As they plea for help, they claim the indigenous people are powerless and incapable of stopping "the war," and that Africans "want" Obama to intervene. One character conveniently wearing an Obama medallion literally says, "with tears in our eyes, we ask the President to end this terrible suffering and bring security to our region."
"Bring security to our region," indeed - which of course just so happens to be AFRICOM's stated mission objective. When we consider that Kony was last believed to be in the Congo and hasn't been seen in 6 years (4 years when HRW uploaded this video in 2010) and that the war in Uganda against the LRA has long since ended, it is clear that HRW, like Invisible Children, is grossly mischaracterizing the alleged plight in the region to serve as a pretext for AFRICOM expansion.
Like Invisible Children, Human Rights Watch is a corporate-backed fraud.
Just like the Kony 2012 fraud and Invisible Children, Human Rights Watch merely leverages legitimate concerns regarding human rights to carry out the neo-imperial ambitions of their corporate sponsors. HRW claims that they have "gathered evidence at massacre sites," but seem to have overlooked the very real and quite extensive abuses and atrocities committed by Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni. In fact, while Kony has been MIA for years, Museveni is currently carrying out mass displacements affecting tens of thousands of Ugandans as he auctions off their land to British and American corporations.
That HRW and Invisible Children ignore this inconvenient truth, as well as propose supporting, funding, and further arming Museveni who has undemocratically reigned over Uganda for nearly 30 years while selling out his nation, exposes the true mission of US AFRICOM. It is the continued pillaging of Africa started by European Empires during the "scramble for Africa."
Image: Cecil Rhodes whose British South Africa Company (BSAC) (1889-1965) helped conquer a commanding swath of the African continent in the name of the British Empire. His megalomania was "honored" by the British later naming an entire nation after him, "Rhodesia," now modern-day Zimbabwe.
Image: The coat of arms of the British South Africa Company (BSAC) (1889-1965) - a predecessor of modern neo-imperialism. The BSAC was chartered by the British Empire and lent its resources and capabilities to help loot the natural wealth of Africa. This mirrors exactly AFRICOM and the legion of corporate-backed NGOs carrying out the modern-day looting of Africa. Note the terms "justice" and "freedom" used upon the company's coat of arms. Humanitarian concerns have long been used to mask wide scale human exploitation. The term "commerce" is also present in both the coat of arms pictured above and in the intents of AFRICOM Vice Admiral Robert T. Moeller openly declaring AFRICOM’s guiding principle as "protecting the free flow of natural resources from Africa to the global market.”
Video: "Colonialism in 10 Minutes: The Scramble For Africa" explains why Africa is the way it is and that the "scramble" is still very much ongoing today. AFRICOM, Kony 2012, and HRW are just the latest tricks and perpetrators of what can easily be described as the rape of a continent.
When we look at the history of Africa and the genesis of the current strife being manipulated and used as a pretext for continued Western intervention, we will realize that it was the West that created many of these problems in the first place. It then stands to reason that the West's return in the form of Wall Street-funded "humanitarian NGOs" and US AFRICOM are the least likely solutions to improving the long-plighted continent.
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Take the 2-minute tour ×
How do you convert a polar line to a line in standard form? That being, change a line with parameters rho and theta in a polar coordinate system, to a standard form (Ax+By=C) in Cartesian coordinates?
share|improve this question
You mean like this? analyzemath.com/polarcoordinates/polar_to_rectangular_eq.html – Amzoti Sep 24 '12 at 4:38
A straight line or something more general? – Henry Sep 24 '12 at 7:15
1 Answer 1
up vote 1 down vote accepted
In even more general cases than converting a line to and from polar, you can use the substitutions $$r=\sqrt{x^2+y^2}, \theta=\arctan(y/x), x=r\cos\theta, y=r\sin\theta$$ Note that because $\arctan$ only takes values in $(-\pi/2,\pi/2)$, the identity given for $\theta$ doesn't do all the work: you need to decide between the fourth and the second, and between the first and the third, quadrants based on the signs of $x$ and $y$.
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Your Answer
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Monday, February 25, 2008
There's a Skeleton Choking on a Crust of Bread
A pointless parable to begin:
I was in line the other day at a discount store waiting to pay for a large bag of dry dog food; the line was not moving as quickly as I'd have liked (but what can you do?). The lady behind me, with a small handful of items, like a brush and a small bowl, probably to fill up the time, leaned forward to ask me if I had a dog.
"What gave it away?" I asked, and she tilted her head to point at the large bag of dog food on the floor to my left.
"Oh that," I noted, "actually that's part of my Purina diet."
Her face brightened in curiosity-a Purina diet, she asked. What was a Purina diet?
I told her I bought a large bag of dry dog food every week which I kept in the kitchen. When I was going out somewhere, I'd put a couple of handfuls of dry dog food in every pocket, jacket or trousers, and, in the course of the day, when I got hungry, I'd just reach into my pocket and snack on a handful of the dry dog food.
Did it work she wanted to know-could you lose really weight on the Purina diet?
Yes, I said, I lost over forty pounds in one month.
The line moved forward, and I had to adjust myself on my crutches, before grabbing my bag of dog food and inching forward. Forty pounds in a month, she excitedly whispered, is truly remarkable.
I agreed but pointed out there were side effects, using my arms to gesture to the casts on both legs and my crutches. She was momentarily non-plussed--how she demanded to know, how had the Purina Diet caused me to have two broken legs?
Well, I said, I was out here shopping a couple of weeks ago, and on my way back to the car, I had the uncontrollable urge to lick my privates and was run over by a pick-up truck.
However, in a world with 6.5 billion people with more than 60% going to sleep on an empty stomach every night until they die of starvation, when you enter into Goggle search the phrase, "over the counter diet aids sold in USA" (or just click on the link as I did it for you) in point 24 (0.24) seconds, faster than you can swallow a teaspoon of Häagen-Dazs ice cream, you have 149,000 listings. If every person in the US who wishes to lose twenty pounds, lost just ten, we'd have shed enough excess weight to populate a medium sized state (and sadly, one or more of the people running for President would be campaining there, even as I type).
As a nation we spend more on Slim-Fast and Jenny Craig than we donate to relief agencies that are trying to mitigate 'third world' hunger (a term I find quaintly inaccurate as there are millions of our own citizens going to bed hungry every night to include some in every town in Connecticut, the wealthiest state of all fifty of these united, and I sure don't think of myself as living in the Third World or in the Land of Second Chances, for that matter).
We've all gone to a fast food restaurant and heard someone order a cholesterol-bomb burger with cheese and bacon, large dipped in boiling fat french fried potatoes and, wait for it....a Diet Coke. No ice, please, I'm on a diet and the water from the ice makes me fat. Explains the size of the butts on those penguins and polar bears, right? Please. We fret that so many of the problems in our world are beyond our attempts at solution and demand to know why the 'government doesn't do something?' and for something like world hunger and malnutrition, all we have to do for one another is spend the same to relieve world hunger as we might spend at the drive-through, talking into the clown's head, getting those triple thick shakes and yogurt smoothies. Crisis averted.
It's Monday-so try this: track how much money you spend on food purchased or eaten outside of your house for the week. That doughnut with coffee this morning; that bag of chips this afternoon for the snack...count the pizzas, the pretzels, the chili hot dogs and the take-out sushi and the burgers and fries and ALL of it. Keep a running tab and look at the total next Sunday before you swing by that little joint you go to after Mass. Nothing like a triple stack of pancakes and a side of over easy eggs after Holy Communion, is there? Mmm, mmm, mmm. And all that syrup and butter. Hurray for the First World! To hell with the United Nations! Let's hear it for the International House of Pancakes...Willkommen, Bienvenue, welcome...There's a butterfly trapped in a spider's web.
-bill kenny
1 comment:
Anonymous said...
Very Funny. I like your writing style.
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Ayre MX-R monoblock power amplifier Page 2
I don't want to make this sound any more onerous than babying a high-performance car for its first 1000 miles. Of course, you want to just get in and go hard, but things need to settle in before you can get the performance you've paid for. Once the MX-R got up to cruising speed, I could—and did—use the standby switch without having to go through the rough patches again.
Dynaudio's Confidence C4 loudspeaker really likes to be bossed around by an amplifier, and the MX-Rs obliged, driving both of my C4s into submission with big orchestral crescendos, such as those presented in Leonard Bernstein and the New York Philharmonic's second recording of Mahler's Symphony 2 (CD, Deutsche Grammophon 433 395-2). I'd expect that from 300W amps, but the Ayres managed to pull it off without harshness or bloat. In fact, as I listened to orchestral recordings, I found myself not so much in awe of the power of the orchestra as drawn deeper into the music, which didn't so much envelop or overwhelm me as reveal to me its inner mysteries.
A recent recurring favorite chez Wez has been Paavo Järvi and the Cincinnati Symphony's SACD of works by Britten and Elgar (Telarc SACD-60660), which has gotten most of its play for its superb Four Sea Interludes from Peter Grimes. It sounded transcendent with the MX-Rs, but it was while listening to the work that followed, Elgar's Enigma Variations, that I began to grasp what might be the greatest attribute of the compact Ayre. To steal a march from the catechism, its sole purpose appears to be to praise music and to glorify it.
It's not that I never "got" Elgar. I rate his two completed symphonies quite high in the pantheon, and have been tantalized by Anthony Payne's reconstruction of his uncompleted Symphony 3. But Järvi and the Cincinnati's performance of Enigma hadn't seemed all that illuminating the first, say, 20 times I'd heard it. Perhaps the 21st time was the charm, you say? Perhaps, but I began to suspect it was the Ayre MX-R.
Before venturing too far down that particular road, I should describe the Ayre's sonic signature. It didn't sound "solid-state–like" (ie, dry, lean, or hard). Neither did it sound "tube-like" (ie, euphonic or overly warm). It was fast as the dickens, as evidenced by its delivery of the timpani transients on the Britten Sea Interludes, and was unusually clean in its retrieval of detail, as illustrated by its ability to isolate the quiet but penetrating harmonic overtones of that recording's triangle.
On the other hand, if "solid-state–like" means free from added color, yes, it did sound like that. On the other hand, if "tube-like" means capable of delivering convincing stereo solidity, well, it did that too. Reference-level tube and solid-state designs have been approaching convergence for some time now, but the MX-R rendered such distinctions more moot than most.
Far less mundane, however, was its ability to get to the inner music of recordings I thought I'd strip-mined for essence. This included those whose grooves I'd dug through a few zillion times, as well as those I'd never heard before. This was brought home with particular force when I pulled out Nat King Cole's last album, L-O-V-E (CD, Capitol 80536), after hearing the title song at Starbucks over the holidays.
"L-O-V-E" is such a swinging song that it's difficult to imagine it ever fading into the background, but the Ayres had me delving deeper into Ralph Carmichael's superb arrangements than I'd ever gone before. Sure, that solo trumpet is killer, but how had I missed that clarinet riff in the final four before?
That's not to say that the MX-R dissected music, highlighting just the juicy bits. It was unrivaled at presenting the whole picture, but its presentation shared with live music that quality of clarity of the parts as well as the whole.
The Ayres' presentation of the triangle on the Britten-Elgar SACD was an excellent example of what I mean. At an orchestral concert, there can be 100 musicians sawing and blowing and pounding away, but when the percussionist lightly strokes the triangle, it doesn't "penetrate" through the other notes, as we reviewers sometimes write. Nor do the other musicians mute their sound in order to allow that delicate ting to be heard. We hear the sound of the triangle within the overwhelming sound of the whole ensemble and within the room—and without benefit of its own spotlight microphone. That's something the Ayre did as well as, and quite possibly better than, any piece of hi-fi kit I've ever auditioned.
Ayre quality
The Krell Evolution 600 monoblock amplifiers ($30,000/pair) that had so impressed me in the December 2006 Stereophile were still on hand, so a comparison seemed justified. In that issue, I wrote: "The low-level detail, sinuous pacing, and sheer power of the Evolution 600 amplifier captured music the way I hear it—and if the whole system is running CAST technology, you've got something that's very close to perfection squared."
That's still true—especially the part about the Evolution 600s sounding their best by far in a complete Krell CAST system. Isolating the 600s as a single element for comparison with the MX-Rs removed the CAST advantage, of course, but even without it, the 600 is an amp to reckon with.
With the Britten-Elgar SACD, both the Krells and Ayres presented the power of the orchestra and the rich inner voices of the woodwinds with comparable vigor. Did the Krells produce greater bottom-end solidity? Through the Dynaudio Confidence C4s, yes, absolutely. Other speakers in my system made the issue less clear-cut—either because they lacked the C4's bottom octave or, as in the case of the Vandersteen Quatro Wood, assigned it to their own dedicated amps.
On Nat Cole's "L-O-V-E," I switched back and forth repeatedly, able to hear extremely subtle differences but not having a consistent preference. Was the trumpet perhaps punchier through the Krells? Yes. Could I hear the slight rasp in Cole's voice better through the Ayres? Yes. Were both immersive and emotionally compelling? Yes.
Okay, why not try a solo instrument, to see if one of the amp pairs was overlaying simplicity with too much mojo? Out came Xuefei Yang's Romance de Amor (CD, EMI 677225); I cued up Albéniz's Asturias. Both pairs of amps did a remarkable job of getting out of the way of a solo guitar: no transient smearing, no heaviness, just purity and grace. I could listen to either all day long, all year long.
I began to pore over my listening logs, looking for discs that might highlight the differences between the Ayres and the Krells. I found 'em, but not in the way I'd expected. I'd assumed, you see, that there had to be one killer disc that would unveil the secret flaw of one or the other amp. Instead, I found a remarkable gulf between their sets of strengths.
During my time with the Krell Evolution 600s, I combed my collection, looking for the finest examples of the audio engineer's art. I would dig out discs I hadn't heard in years, thinking, I remember this sounded pretty good! Nine times out of ten, I'd end up thinking, Yeah, but never this good. The Krells sounded so good I wanted to hear only the best I had—and they elevated my sense of "best."
While my stint with the MX-Rs had some overlap with recordings, especially with discs that the Krell Evo system had spectacularly imprinted upon me, my listening logs ran much further afield. The Krells had me digging out discs engineered by Wilkinson, Layton-Moore, Johnson, Faulkner, and quite a few by Atkinson. My MX-R logs also included Jelly Roll Morton, Fats Waller, Ralph Stanley, and, yes, Casals and Cortot. I'm not saying that the Ayres made those sonically compromised discs sound better than they do, nor am I saying that the Krells made them sound worse. I did, however get impatient with less than superb recordings with the Evos. I felt I was wasting the amps' potential. The Ayres, without being euphonic, didn't make me feel that way.
I have a lot of "okay" recordings, and even more that are sonic dog food. I wish it weren't true. Lord knows, every time I buy a new record, I hope it will match fabulous music making with first-rate sound, but Holt's Law—"The quality of a recording is inversely proportional to the quality of its performance"—has been wickedly persistent for lo, these many years since JGH coined it. Given that reality, the MX-Rs have a leg up on most of their competition.
However—in a full-blown CAST system, the Krell Evolution 600s remain foremost among the finest amplifiers I've ever experienced, especially when unlimited power is required. The Ayre MX-Rs, which I never seriously challenged with any of the speaker loads I had on hand, weren't quite as impressive in terms of pure grunt.
On the other hand, even when you don't factor in other CAST components, the Ayres are half the price of the Evo 600s.
Ayre apparent
At $16,500/pair, the Ayre Acoustics MX-R isn't really a "bargain." However, the MX-R is competitive with the best amplifiers on the market, and in many ways—size, energy efficiency, stability—is one of the most remarkable performers at any price. And Ayre's engineering and construction are second to none—which, come to think of it, is a pretty good tagline for the MX-R: second to none. That the MX-R is sexy is just gravy.
Ayre Acoustics
2300-B Central Avenue
Boulder, CO 80301
(303) 442-7300
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Turn Your Gamified Classroom Into An ARG
twentytwentyflag2My favorite author, Edgar Allan Poe, enjoyed creating and deciphering cryptograms. A few years ago, after I taught my kids that fun fact, I started to put cryptograms in their work that, when deciphered, gave the title of our next Poe story. They were hard, and they took time and effort to solve. They were not graded, and they were not mandatory, yet the kids did them anyway because they were fun. When I heard about gamification a year ago, and began to experiment with it in my class, I kept thinking to myself how cool it would be if I could combine gamification with the fun my kids had solving cryptograms.
I racked my brain. I thought it would be even cooler if I could make these puzzles meaningful. If i could make them an integral part of a mystery my kids could unravel during the year; really make my class into a video game and make them the main characters. Last March, I realized what I wanted to do was to turn my classroom into a yearlong Alternate Reality Game (ARG). Now that my students have figured out the basics of the ARG, it’s safe to tell you how I am turning my classroom into the world’s first, (as far as I know) yearlong classroom ARG.
While my yearlong, classroom ARG may be new, ARGs are not. They’ve been around at least since 2001. An ARG tells a transmedia story using fictional characters that “exist” in the real world and interact with the real people that are playing the game. These real people playing the game have a direct impact on the direction the story takes and how it ends.
Creating ARG characters is a lot of work. When you create your story you want to be able to tell it with as few characters as possible. My ARG has five characters. I’ve created an online presence for each character in a way that makes them seem like real people (like you see on the show Catfish). Now, I can’t tell you everything, since some of my students have found this site (Hi, guys!), but I will tell you what my students know thus far in an effort to better explain what an ARG in the classroom looks like.
*Do me a favor, please don’t fill out the forms on the characters’ websites, nor follow/post on their twitters. Thanks!*
Allow me to present the cast of TwentyTwenty, my classroom ARG:
Malus Evermoore is a self-made billionaire entrepreneur. Recently, Malus Evermoore has taken all of his money, teamed up with Dr. Jamal Jones, and started Evermoore Energy. Using Dr. Jones’ discovery, Evermoore Energy hopes to provide an alternative energy source for the world. Twitter here.
As a member of CERN, Dr. Jamal Jones helped discover the Higgs Boson. More importantly, using the Higgs Boson, Dr. Jones was able to prove the existence of Dark Energy. He then theorized a way to harness Dark Energy and use it as an energy source. To get the funding he needed to make this Dark Fusion Reactor a reality, Dr. Jones has teamed up with Malus Evermoore. Together they opened the doors of Evermoore Energy and started powering homes in the United States with Dark Energy. Malus runs the company and Dr. Jones oversees the R&D department… that was until Dr. Jones went missing.Twitter here.
Dr. Jamal Jones’ sister, Jenna Jones, believes something has happened to her brother. He won’t return her calls. In fact, he hasn’t been heard from since Evermoore Energy opened its doors this past 4th of July. Jenna is worried because she and Jamal have always been close and it’s unlike him to even go a day without talking to her. She has been asking anyone to help her find Jamal. Twitter here.
Arthur Baxter has just announced his intention to run for president in 2016. Arthur, a long time politician and community activist, is popular with his constituency and many believe the presidency is not out of his reach. One of his campaign promises is to help get America off foreign oil. He says he’ll do this by working closely with Evermoore Energy. Twitter here.
A mystery yet unraveled, there is a person actively trying to make contact with my students. For some reason, it seems this person is hiding clues in my students’ work or on websites by manipulating files saved on my (me, the teacher) computer or stored on the internet. So far, my students have figure out that if this person puts an @ symbol before words, this person wants them to visit those words on Twitter. If they see a # before words, this person wants them to search for those words on one of the characters’ websites. When they decipher the clue, they will know the proper place to go and what to do when they get there. Following these steps, what they find is a puzzle. When the students solve the puzzle, they will get a message, picture, audio file, or some type of media to help them start to piece together what this person wants and what it has to do with them and these other four characters.
How about some examples of clues leading to puzzles leading to transmedia storytelling?
Scattered throughout a recent worksheet, the following appeared: @won’t @help @me @you. Rearranged, the students figured out that this person wanted them to go to the Twitter handle @wontyouhelpme (yes, you can go there, but please don’t add/tweet this handle). When the students arrived at that the twitter paged they found a pixelated profile picture and strange looking text:
When put in front of a mirror, they realized the message read:
Help me. Can you see me? Can you see me? I failed the test. Help me.
Who is this person? Why do they need help? What test did they fail? Many questions remain unanswered.
Another clue led to a puzzle that when deciphered said, “Save Jamal, Save The World.” A Google search on the name led them to Jamal Jones’ blog. My kids realized that the array error wasn’t some benign message, it was a cryptogram:
Deciphered, this message reads: “SAVE JAMAL JONES AND YOU WILL SAVE THE WORLD. FIND JENNA JONES.” It took my students less than a day to crack this code. Many students thought Jamal had been the one hiding clues in their work, but this puzzle made them realize it was a yet unknown person in the story, the mysterious person mentioned earlier.
A little more sleuthing led students to Jenna Jones’ page dedicated to finding her brother. Some students filled out the form on her site and told Jenna that Jamal might be in trouble, stuck in the future, or just offered words of encouragement. They were shocked when Jenna e-mailed them back! Some got a nice reply from Jenna thanking them for their words of encouragement. Some students didn’t get such a nice e-mail, as Jenna was not in the mood for their “your brother is trapped in the future” antics. Regardless of the tone of the e-mails, kids loved that the character, Jenna, had interacted with them personally. The kids finally realized they were characters in the story now. Many students commented how this game was like those old choose your own adventure books, and you know what, they’re right!
Clues led to puzzles, puzzles led to more of the story, and the more they know the more they can interact in the real world with the characters and be a part of the story. Real world interaction between student and character is the heart of a good ARG.
Another exampled: A couple of minds were blown yesterday when “Evermoore Energy” texted students who had filled out the form on their website the following message:
“Thank you for your interest in powering your home with Evermoore Energy! A representative will contact you shortly. See you in the future!”
If that wasn’t enough, when they called that number back, they were greeted with a welcome message from Evermoore Energy recorded by a live person, just like you would if you called a company in real life.
IF THAT wasn’t enough when they Googled the area code of the phone number, they found out that it was from the same area Evermoore Energy is said to be located, Dauphin, Pa. All of this was really easy to do, but is still vital to creating immersion, creating that sense that this story is going on right now in the real world my kids live in…. Don’t worry, I’ll cover this How To stuff in future posts.
Another puzzle: go to the TwentyTwenty website, and click on the little star on the main banner. That puzzle has been there since July, but none of my visitors to this site have found it. Some puzzles, like this one, are hidden in plain sight in my ARG. This is how I reward my explorers, hidden puzzles. Obviously, it’s Morse code. What might not be so obvious is just how hard some students worked to decode it, doing so by hand, or how smart some worked, downloading an app on their phone that did it for them. Either way they decoded it, and they got this message:
“I don’t want to be bathed in the blacklight.”
After some discussion and searching, they came across this tweet on Evermoore Energy’s “official” twitter:
What is the blacklight? Why doesn’t this mysterious person want to be bathed in it? Only time, and the hard work of students playing the ARG, will tell.
If you looked through the websites and twitters of my characters, you may have noticed that they are all cartoons. I used a great site called GoAnimate to create them. GoAnimate is a really easy to use site that aims to let the user create their own fully animated cartoons. I used GoAnimate for a few reasons. I needed a way for students to know that the profile or websites they were looking at were part of my game. I also needed an easy way to fully control all of my characters. Animating my characters solved both problems. Students know content animated in the style you saw is part of my game, and I have one place where I can control everything about my characters and pump out the content I need, anytime I want. While you don’t have to use GoAnimate (worth checking out though since they finally got their price plan in check), I would highly consider animating your characters for those two important reasons.
As far as writing an actual ARG storyline, it isn’t easy. Making the puzzles and hiding the clues is easy, but coming up with a good, plausible story is tough. Your storyline has to be fictional, obviously, but it also has to be realistic. Students have to believe what is happening in the game is not only currently happening in the world they live in, but could be happening in the world they live in. It sounds weird, I know, but listen to this.
A few days before school started, I had to do a last minute rewrite of my story because, as I went over it in my head, even though it was fiction, my story wasn’t possible. Originally, I had a villain turn off the Higgs Boson, and I asked myself how would the villain do that? And.. I had no idea. So what did I do? I e-mailed one the world’s foremost experts on theoretical physics, Matt Strassler. He graciously answered me in his blog post that you can read here (this guy is awesome).
Thanks to his post, and the comments underneath, I realized that even though my ARG is science fiction, the story I had originally written wasn’t possible; it defied the laws of physics. It couldn’t happen in the real world. It failed as a good storyline.
After a frantic rewrite and recreation of some of the content (pictures, puzzles), I had a new storyline that, despite being science fiction, could now plausibly happen in the real world. Will anyone ever be able to prove the existence of Dark Energy, let alone harness it as an energy source? Who knows. But, in my ARG world, it has happened and happened in a way that is believable; my story is now believable science fiction.
Again, no matter the genre, I think the most important part of a successful ARG is figuring out a good, believable story. I would suggest that you storyboard your ARG and really try to find ways to pick it apart and try to find plot holes in it because your students definitely will. Put yourself in their shoes. Ask questions they would ask. Tear your story apart. There are no do-overs in an ARG. The story has to be perfect or the ARG will fail.
Another hard and important part of making my classroom ARG is coming up with a believable reason for clues to be hidden in students’ work. Someone is manipulating files on my computer and things on the internet in an attempt to get messages to my students. For some reason, these messages must be hidden and encrypted. The kids don’t know why yet, but the reason is a big part of the game. Make sure you make your clues and puzzles have a reason to exist in the game world. Unfortunately, I can’t say more than that right now, but will cover this better in a future post.
The last thing to remember when creating an ARG for your classroom is the idea that you want students’ decisions to impact the game and let students have a hand in how the game ends. They need to be active participants as main characters in the story. To use the terms of classical dramatic structure, I have planned out the exposition (ARGs require a ton of exposition in a bunch of different types of media), the rising action, and the climax of my story. The falling action and the resolution will be decided by the kids and their actions. If I were to show you my storyboard, you would see it branches off into a bunch of different directions after the climax. Each branch outlines what I think the kids will do after the climax and how the story will change/end based on that. There is even a branch that outlines the consequences for the characters and the world if my students choose to do nothing or don’t act fast enough at certain points in the game. My game takes place in the “real world,” so there needs to be real world repercussions based on what students do or don’t do. Imagine the debate, if at a point of action, half my kids want to take the story one way and the other half want to take it another. That’s good drama! If they choose to act in unison or as independent factions, I’ve accounted for that. They are shaping the story. This is their game. They are the main characters.
I think students realize this now after they analyzed why some of them received a nasty email from Jenna Jones. They collectively agreed it was probably a bad decision to e-mail a woman who is looking for her missing brother, out of the blue, talking about time traveling and being trapped in the future, and you can bet if the same kids were to e-mail Jenna again, she would remember what they said and respond realistically.
I hope to not only teach critical thinking with this game, but also make my kids realize they must think before they act and that actions (and inaction) have consequences. They will have to rely on students’ strengths and pick up the slack to make up for students’ weaknesses. I plan to make them question their sense of morality as they will learn, like all great stories (How great was the Breaking Bad finale?!?), my characters are not all good or all evil, but somewhere in the middle. I foresee many disagreements between my students when they reach a point of action and need to decide what to do or who to help/support. With this ARG, I hope to teach them to analyze, synthesize, evaluate, creativity, and, above all else, learning can be fun.
Hopefully, you better understand what an ARG is and how you can start to turn your classroom into one. There is a ton of information out there about ARGs and how to make your own, so feel free to do some research. The specific, How To stuff on ARGs in the classroom and what I do, will be rolled out over time. As always, drop me a line if you have any questions, comments, or concerns.
Until then,
• Teched Up Teacher
I tried to separate the ARG from the class as much as possible. Right now, I probably have a 50% participation rate. The game (finding/solving puzzles, unraveling the story) is not mandatory. If kids don’t want to play the game, they aren’t penalized. The game is for fun, and it does not affect their grade one way or the other.
As far as course content is concerned, clues are hidden in their assignments. These clues often (not always) are tied to course content. The answer to the clue might be a vocab word, or something like this might be hidden in their work:
@Poe’s @nemesis
The kids would then know they need to go to @rufusgriswold on Twitter for the next clue.
Or I used #Ozymandias on a clue, a poem we will be reading later this year,wanted to draw a connection between what we were reading now that they will hopefully realize later.
It doesn’t always work this way, a lot of it depends on what names are taken on twitter or what type of media I’m using to tell that part of the story. I will also not sacrifice the quality of the story to “forcefully” connect it to the content. My kids do plenty of work in my class; I don’t want this game to be an extension of that work. I want it to be fun.
What is most important to me is teaching the kids to analyze, synthesize, evaluate, to be creative, and realize learning can be fun. Thanks to the internet, facts aren’t as important to teach as they once were. My ARG focuses on teaching (alternate) real world applications to these high level thinking skills we should be teaching our students.
• Thanks for the distinction.
So you are bringing optional game activities into your class, but they are not part of your course, so the course hasn’t been gamified, if I am understanding correctly.
I love what you are doing here and it’s got me thinking about adding twitter and some ARG to supply another sense of immediacy to the course.
Thanks again, Chris.
• Teched Up Teacher
It depends what you considered gamified, I guess. My students’ assignments are called quests and are worth xp. Students level up throughout the year, unlock achievements for completing certain quests or displaying certain behaviors, and can use the points the accumulate to buy things from the item shop throughout the year. In my class, these gamified additions are applied to every student whether they like it or not, thankfully, they do.
The only part of all this that is not mandatory is the playing of the ARG.
Does that make more sense?
• Thanks, Chris.
Can you help me understand how the ARG connects to the course content? Are the ‘assignments’ (quests) part of the game too? One thing I read over the summer is to not get gamified to the point of losing content.
Thanks in advance!
Leave a Reply
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| 254
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Obstetrics and Gynecology | NorthShore
Compassionate Care
Whether you are looking to maintain good health, receive minimally invasive treatment or find out if your family will soon be growing, we provide comprehensive and compassionate care to keep you in the best of health. From preventative screenings to advanced procedures, our care is personalized to you at every stage.
Our Obstetrics and Gynecology team provides:
Shaw and patient
Comprehensive Approach
Beyond treatment for gynecological conditions and care for a healthy pregnancy, our board-certified team of physicians gives patients a multidisciplinary, comprehensive approach to their ongoing health.
Among others, our preventative screenings for breast cancer, colon cancer and osteoporosis allow us to catch conditions in their early stages and halt progress, while our award-winning electronic medical records system keeps every member of your care team informed, resulting in a seamless patient experience.
Once a diagnosis has been made, patients can depend on NorthShore for advanced and minimally invasive procedures, so they can recover quickly and comfortably.
>Swenson and Hirsch
Health & Development
To promote good health and development at every stage, including during pregnancy, we believe in providing patients with the education they need to make informed decisions.
Through yearly health exams and checkups during pregnancy, our Obstetrics and Gynecology team is able to perform regular evaluations and screenings, as well as give expert advice on preventative care and family planning.
Whether you are an adolescent scheduling your first appointment or a woman seeking an easier transition through menopause, we can provide you with a personalized approach to managing your care.
Three Women
× Alternate Text
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refusing to prep a pt for surgery?
1. 0
Hi all,
I'm going to keep this as brief as possible but I was hoping I could get some advice/feedback. I am an ER nurse that has cross trained to work in the pre-op/PACU in our little rural hospital. Tomorrow I am scheduled to be the first nurse (i.e. get there early and set up for the day and get the first pt ready for surgery) however the first surgery of the day is one that I am incredibly concerned about from a safety level. I verbalized my concerns to my manager several times about how this was a procedure should not be doing in our facility and that we do not have the training/staff to handle the pt afterwards and was told that "everyone is on board with this" and that it will be fine. I completely disagree and want my name and license no where near that chart, especially since I've already verbalized to both the manager and the CNO (and the head of anesthesia) my concerns for this pt's safety.
At this point though I'm not sure how to handle tomorrow morning. Like I said, I'm expected to be the first nurse in and should be the one to get him ready for surgery. I've never refused an assignment before and I feel like that's essentially what I'm doing, but I'm not sure really how to handle that since the assignment has not technically been made. I do not want to be a part of this whole ordeal because I truly feel like we are placing this pt in harms way, but I'm not sure what I should say/do in the morning to ensure that I haven't "accepted care" of the pt.
Any tips or advice would be greatly appreciated. TIA!
2. 6 Comments so far...
3. 0
Tough one. Is the doctor performing this procedure board certified? Has he performed this procedure before? Is your facility certified/approved to perform this surgery? Like not every facility is approved to perform open just because a MD WANTS to and the administration says it's isn't.
If you make waves and "everyone is on board' be prepared to lose your job. You can file a complaint with The Joint Commission about quality of care. You are within your right to refuse to care for a patient you do not feel safe about but there are no laws protecting you from retaliation from your employer for not being a "team player".
In an emergent situation I could see crossing the usual and customary lines....scheduled? Not so much. You are in a catch 22 situation. This may be one time I'd become suddenly very ill and somehow an anonymous complaint would get filed from someone .
Chicken, I agree....but in this current employment market the path of being righteous is a lonely and probably unemployed one.
4. 0
Are you a member of a Nurse's union? If so seek their help! Where I come from it is permisable to distanced yourself from a situation that threaten's your registration. We as Nurse's are the patient's advocate and must fight for their safety!
5. 0
Op, it's already the 29th where I live, so any further discussion is probably moot at this point. You don't say what kind of surgery is planned. As the pre-op nurse, you don't have much say as to whether the surgery is performed or not, other than fulfilling your pre-operative duty and ensuring the patient signs informed consent.
You can inform the theater UM that you will be doing this, so as to ensure that the PATIENT is on board with the "plan", and that the Dr, Hospital Manager and NSM have all done their duty and informed the patient of the potential safety hazards,!20which are ultimately their responsibility. If the hospital is indeed performing a procedure on a patient for which it is not equipped, both doctor and patient need to sign documents indemnifying the hospital if things go South.
6. 4
I just wanted to follow up and thank you for all of your responses. Unfortunately the surgery went as scheduled, and instead of being able to distance myself from the situation I was in fact the primary nurse for both before and after surgery (until I handed off to the ICU nurse) because I was the only one in the recovery area competent/capable/comfortable with the invasive monitoring that the pt came out of the OR with. The next day I told the manager that I would no longer be working in that unit because of the safety problems that I had identified and then witnessed and experienced (including being left completely alone with the pt in the PACU). No more PACU for me. Thank you all for the advice though-it was very appreciated!
MikeRNWI, Ashley, PICU RN, Esme12, and 1 other like this.
7. 0
I'm glad it all ended up being OK. Talk about a great ethical dilemma paper subject.
8. 1
Being left ALONE in PACU unfortunately is very common.... We have the surgery nurse to call if we need help (yeah right).. If though I do think ASPAN standards do state 2 licensed nurses in unit at all times, again HA.... If they bring me a patient and I'm not comfortable with their status, neither that circulator nor the anesthesia provider get to leave... I ususally prefer the CRNA to stay over circulator, most of the time they aren't comfortable either... When we are on call, its just one of us.. The ciruculator always tries to leave and go home when they are done, and so does anesthesia... But sorry I'm not being left in a locked down unit alone
crb613 likes this.
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Medieval Sourcebook:
Tales of the Host
The following tales are from sermon stories from these three writers
Caesar of Heisterbach, Dist. IX, Cap. XXVIII. (Vol. II p. 186,)
In Himmerode an aged priest, Henry by name, died a few years ago. He was a holy and just man, and had been for very many years sacristan in that monastery. When he was reading the mass one day at the altar of St. John the Baptist, in the choir of the lay-brethren, a certain one of the lay-brethren standing near, saw, in the hands of the priest, the Saviour in the form of a man. Nevertheless the priest himself did not see it. This was told to me by one of the elders in that convent.
Ceasar of Heisterbach, Dist. IX, Cap. IX. (Vol II, pp. 173-74.)
On the same island a maiden, not a nun, whom I saw there, was possessed. When the devil was asked by a priest why he had so long and so cruelly tortured Hartdyfa de Cogheme, he replied through the mouth of the girl. "Why? She has most certainly deserved it. She scattered the Most High upon her vegetables."
Since he did not at all understand the saying and the devil was unwilling to explain, the priest went to the woman and told her what the devil had said about her, advising her not to deny if she under. stood. She immediately confessed her guilt, saying, " I understand the saying well, although I have never told any man of it. When I was a young girl and had a garden to cultivate, I received a wandering woman as a guest one night. When I told her of the losses in my garden, saying that all the vegetables were being devoured by caterpillars, she replied, "I will tell you a good remedy. Receive the body of the Lord, break it in pieces, scatter it over your vegetables, and the plague will cease at once." I, wretched one! who cared more for my garden than for the sacrament, when I had received the body of our Lord at Easter, took it out of my mouth and did with it as I had been taught. What I had intended as a remedy for my vegetables, became a source of torment to me, as the devil is my witness."
NOVICE: This woman was more cruel than the attendants of Pilate, who spared Jesus after His death and did not break His bones.
MONK: Therefore, up to the present day she atones for that heinous sin and suffers unheard-of tortures. Let those who employ the divine sacrement for temporal gain, or what is more execrable, for evil-doing, give heed to this punishment, even if they do not consider the sinfulness. Also if vermin neglect the reverence due to this sacrament, they sometimes suffer punishment.
Étienne de Bourbon, No. 317. (pp. 266-67.)
For I have heard that a certain rustic, wishing to become wealthy and having many hives of bees, asked certain evil men how he could get rich and increase the number of his bees. He was told by some that if he should retain the sacred communion on Easter and place it in one of his hives, he would entice away all of his neighbor's bees, which leaving their own hives, would come to the place where body of our Lord was and there would make honey. He did this.
Then all the bees came to the hive where the body of Christ was, and just as if they had felt compassion for the irreverence done to it, by their labor they began to construct a little church and to erect foundations and bases and columns and an altar with like labor, and with the greatest reverence they placed the body of our Lord upon the Altar. And within that little beehive they formed that little church with wonderful and the most beautiful workmanship. The bees of the vicinity leaving their hives came together at that one; and over that structure they sang in their own manner certain wonderful melodies hymns.
The rustic hearing this, wondered. But waiting until the fitting time for collecting the swarm of bees and the honey-comb, he found nothing in his hives in which the bees had been accustomed to make honey; finding himself impoverished through the means by which he had believed that he would be enriched; he went to that one where he had placed the host, where he saw the bees had come together. But when he approached, just as if they had wanted to vindicate the insult to our Saviour, the bees rushed upon the rustic and stung him so severely that he escaped with difficulty, and suffering greatly. Going to the priest , related all that he had done and what the bees had done. The priest, by the advice of his bishop, collected his parishioners and went in procession to the place. Then the bees, leaving the hive, rose into the air, making sweet melody. Raising the hive they found within the noble structure of that little church and the body of our Lord placed upon the altar. Then returning thanks they bore to their own church that little church of the bees constructed with such skill and elegance and with praises placed it on the altar.
By this deed those who do not reverence but offer insult instead to the sacred body of Christ or the sacred place where it is, ought to be put to great confusion.
© Paul Halsall July 1997
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