TED2020.en-tl.csv

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"Thank you so much, Chris.",Maraming salamat Chris.
And it's truly a great honor to have the opportunity to come to this stage twice; I'm extremely grateful.,Ito'y isang malaking karangalan na binigyan ako ng pagkakataon na pumunta dito upang tumayo sa inyong harapan. Labis akong nalulugod.
"I have been blown away by this conference, and I want to thank all of you for the many nice comments about what I had to say the other night.","Ako'y humahanga sa pagtitipong ito, at gusto ko kayong pasalamatan sa maraming magagandang komentaryo tungkol sa tinalakay ko noong isang gabi."
"And I say that sincerely, partly because (Mock sob) I need that.","At totoo ang mga sinabi ko, dahil -- (mangiyak-ngiyak) -- kailangan ko talaga 'yon!"
(Laughter) Put yourselves in my position.,(Tawanan) Ilagay n'yo ang inyong sarili sa aking kinalalagyan!
(Laughter) I flew on Air Force Two for eight years.,Ako'y isang piloto ng Air Force Two sa loob ng walong taon.
(Laughter) Now I have to take off my shoes or boots to get on an airplane!,Ngayon kailangan ko nang tanggalin ang aking sapatos at bota para sumakay ng eroplano!
(Laughter) (Applause) I'll tell you one quick story to illustrate what that's been like for me.,(Tawanan) (Palakpakan) Kukwentuhan ko kayo kung ano na ang nangyayari sa buhay ko.
(Laughter) It's a true story -- every bit of this is true.,Ito'y totoong kwento -- lahat ng laman nito ay totoo.
Soon after Tipper and I left the -- (Mock sob) White House -- (Laughter) we were driving from our home in Nashville to a little farm we have 50 miles east of Nashville.,Pagkatapos namin iwanan ni Tipper ang --(hindi tunay na pag-iyak) -- White House -- (Tawanan) -- nagmamaneho kami galing sa aming bahay sa Nashville patungo sa aming maliit na bukid 50 milya sa silangan ng Nashville --
Driving ourselves.,kami-kami lang ang nagmamaneho.
"(Laughter) I know it sounds like a little thing to you, but -- (Laughter) I looked in the rear-view mirror and all of a sudden it just hit me.","Alam kong mababaw lang ito para sa inyo, pero -- (Tawanan) -- Nang tumingin ako sa rearview mirror at bigla, napagtanto ko."
There was no motorcade back there.,Walang motorcade sa likod namin.
(Laughter) You've heard of phantom limb pain?,Nakarinig na ba kayo ng kumukulong tiyan?
(Laughter) This was a rented Ford Taurus.,(Tawanan) Ito'y inupahan lang na Ford Taurus.
"(Laughter) It was dinnertime, and we started looking for a place to eat.","Maghahapunan na, at nagsimula na kaming maghanap ng makakainan."
We were on I-40.,Nandoon kami sa I-40.
"We got to Exit 238, Lebanon, Tennessee.","Narating namin ang Exit 238, Lebanon, Tennessee."
"We got off the exit, we found a Shoney's restaurant.","Lumabas kami sa exit, at naghanap -- natagpuan namin ang isang Shoney's restaurant."
"Low-cost family restaurant chain, for those of you who don't know it.","Mura at pampamilyang restaurant, para sa mga hindi nakaka-alam."
"We went in and sat down at the booth, and the waitress came over, made a big commotion over Tipper.","Pumasok kami sa loob tapos umupo, at may weytres na lumapit sa amin, gumawa ng isang malaking gulo kay Tipper."
"(Laughter) She took our order, and then went to the couple in the booth next to us, and she lowered her voice so much, I had to really strain to hear what she was saying.","(Tawanan) Kinuha n'ya ang order namin, tapos bumalik sa mag-asawang katabi namin, at sa mahinang boses, dahil halos hindi ko na marinig,"
"And she said ""Yes, that's former Vice President Al Gore and his wife, Tipper.""","sabi niya ""Opo, yan ang dating Bise Presidente Al Gore at ang kanyang asawang si Tipper."""
"And the man said, ""He's come down a long way, hasn't he?""","At ang sabi ng lalaki, ""Malayo na talaga ang kanyang narating ano?"""
(Laughter) (Applause) There's been kind of a series of epiphanies.,(Tawanan) May mga sumunod pang sorpresa.
"(Laughter) The very next day, continuing the totally true story, I got on a G-V to fly to Africa to make a speech in Nigeria, in the city of Lagos, on the topic of energy.","Noong sumunod na araw, sa pagpapatuloy ng aking totoong kwento, sumakay ako ng G-5 at lumipad patungong Aprika upang magtalumpati sa Nigeria, sa lungsod ng Lagos, tungkol sa enerhiya."
And I began the speech by telling them the story of what had just happened the day before in Nashville.,Sinimulan ko ang talumpati gamit ang kuwento na nangyari noong isang araw sa Nashville.
"And I told it pretty much the same way I've just shared it with you: Tipper and I were driving ourselves, Shoney's, low-cost family restaurant chain, what the man said -- they laughed.","At sinabi ko 'yon gaya ng pagkakasabi ko sa inyo ngayon. Kami ni Tipper, nagmamaneho, sa Shoney's, mura at pampamilyang restawran, ang sabi ng tao -- tumawa sila."
"I gave my speech, then went back out to the airport to fly back home.","Binigay ko ang talumpati, at bumalik agad sa paliparan pauwi."
"I fell asleep on the plane until, during the middle of the night, we landed on the Azores Islands for refueling.","Nakatulog ako sa eroplano, hanggang hating-gabi, lumapag kami sa Azores Islands upang magpagasolina."
"I woke up, they opened the door, I went out to get some fresh air, and I looked, and there was a man running across the runway.","Nagising ako, binuksan nila ang pintuan ng eroplano, lumabas ako para lumanghap ng sariwang hangin, at nakita kong may isang tao na tumatakbo sa kabilang dako ng tarmak."
"And he was waving a piece of paper, and he was yelling, ""Call Washington! Call Washington!""","Kumakaway siya hawak ang piraso ng papel, at sumisigaw, ""Tawagan mo ang Washington! Tawagan mo ang Washington!"""
"And I thought to myself, in the middle of the night, in the middle of the Atlantic, what in the world could be wrong in Washington?","At napag-isipan ko, sa gitna ng gabi, sa gitna ng Karagatang Atlantiko, ano kaya ang problema sa Washington? Tapos naalala ko na maaring kahit ano pala."
Then I remembered it could be a bunch of things.,(Tawanan)
"(Laughter) But what it turned out to be, was that my staff was extremely upset because one of the wire services in Nigeria had already written a story about my speech, and it had already been printed in cities all across the United States of America.","Ang totoo, nabahala ang aking mga tauhan dahil sa kwentong isinulat ng isang wire service sa Nigeria tungkol sa aking talumpati. At nailimbag na ito sa mga lungsod sa buong lupalop ng Estados Unidos"
"It was printed in Monterey, I checked.",-- iyon ay nalimbag sa Monterey.
"(Laughter) And the story began, ""Former Vice President Al Gore announced in Nigeria yesterday,"" quote: 'My wife Tipper and I have opened a low-cost family restaurant'"" -- (Laughter) ""'named Shoney's, and we are running it ourselves.'"" (Laughter) Before I could get back to U.S. soil, David Letterman and Jay Leno had already started in on -- one of them had me in a big white chef's hat, Tipper was saying, ""One more burger with fries!""","At ganito ang nakasulat, ""Dating bise-presidente Al Gore inanunsyo sa Nigeria kahapon, 'Kami ng aking asawa, si Tipper ay nagbukas ng mura at pampamilyang restaurant, ang pangalan ay Shoney's, at kami mismo ang nagpapatakbo nito.'"" (Tawanan) Bago ako makabalik sa Estados Unidos, naging tampulan ito ng biro nila David Letterman at Jay Leno -- isa sa kanila nilagyan ang larawan ko ng malaking puting toque na pang-chef, At sabi ni Tipper sa larawan, ""Isa pang burger, may kasamang fries!"""
"(Laughter) Three days later, I got a nice, long, handwritten letter from my friend and partner and colleague Bill Clinton, saying, ""Congratulations on the new restaurant, Al!""","Nakalipas ang tatlong araw, nakatanggap ako ng mahabang liham galing sa aking kaibigan at kasamang si Bill Clinton na nagsasabing, ""Al, binabati kita sa inyong bagong restawran!"""
(Laughter) We like to celebrate each other's successes in life.,(Tawanan) Gusto naming ipagdiwang ang mga tagumpay sa buhay.
(Laughter) I was going to talk about information ecology.,Gusto ko sanang pag-uusapan ang information ecology.
"But I was thinking that, since I plan to make a lifelong habit of coming back to TED, that maybe I could talk about that another time.","Pero napag-isip-isip ko na kung babalik lang ako dito sa TED, pag-usapan nalang natin 'yon sa susunod na panahon."
(Applause) Chris Anderson: It's a deal!,(Palakpakan) Chris Anderson: Sige!
(Applause) Al Gore: I want to focus on what many of you have said you would like me to elaborate on: What can you do about the climate crisis?,Al Gore: Gusto kong tukuyin ang paksa na marami sa inyo ay humiling ng ibayong paliwanag. Ano ang inyong magagawa tungkol sa krisis sa klima?
"I want to start with a couple of -- I'm going to show some new images, and I'm going to recapitulate just four or five.","Gusto kong magsimula sa -- May mga bagong imahe akong ipapakita, at uulitin ko lang ang apat o lima."
"Now, the slide show.","Ngayon, ang slideshow."
I update the slide show every time I give it.,Laging bago ang aking mga slideshow.
"I add new images, because I learn more about it every time I give it.",Naglalagay ako ng bago upang may natututunan akong bago.
"It's like beach-combing, you know?",Gaya ng paghahanap sa tabing dagat.
"Every time the tide comes in and out, you find some more shells.",Bawat pag-urong at pagsulong ng tubig nakakahanap ka ng mga bagong kabibe.
"Just in the last two days, we got the new temperature records in January.","Sa nakalipas na dalawang araw, noong Enero naabot natin ang bagong rekord sa temperatura."
This is just for the United States of America.,Ito ay sa Estados Unidos lamang.
Historical average for Januarys is 31 degrees; last month was 39.5 degrees.,Ang pamantayan sa kasaysayan para sa buwan ng Enero ay 31 °F. Ang nakalipas na buwan ay umabot ng 39.5 °F.
"Now, I know that you wanted some more bad news about the environment -- I'm kidding.","Gusto n'yo sigurong makarinig ng mas maraming masamang balita -- biro lang -- pero ito'y inulit ko lamang,"
"But these are the recapitulation slides, and then I'm going to go into new material about what you can do.",at pagkatapos lilipat na ako sa bagong slides tungkol sa mga bagay na maari ninyong gawin.
But I wanted to elaborate on a couple of these.,Gusto ko munang ipaliwanag ang sumusunod.
"First of all, this is where we're projected to go with the U.S. contribution to global warming, under business as usual.","Una sa lahat, ito ang inaasahan na patutunguhan ng Estados Unidos sa kontribusyon nito sa pag-init ng planeta, ayon sa datos ng paggamit natin ngayon."
Efficiency in end-use electricity and end-use of all energy is the low-hanging fruit.,Maayos na paggamit ng kuryente at enerhiya ang siyang pinakamadaling maabot.
Efficiency and conservation -- it's not a cost; it's a profit.,Maayos at matipid: hindi ito gastusin kundi benepisyo.
The sign is wrong.,Mali ang nakasulat.
It's not negative; it's positive.,"Hindi negatibo, kundi positibo."
These are investments that pay for themselves.,Ito ay puhunang kumikita ng kusa.
But they are also very effective in deflecting our path.,Ngunit mabisa din silang manlinlang.
"Cars and trucks -- I talked about that in the slideshow, but I want you to put it in perspective.","Mga sasakyan at trak -- Pinag-usapan ko 'yan sa slideshow, pero gustong kong ilagay 'yan sa perspektibo."
"It's an easy, visible target of concern -- and it should be -- but there is more global warming pollution that comes from buildings than from cars and trucks.","Dapat nating silang alalahanin, at marapat lang, ngunit mas malaki ang kontribusyon ng mga gusali sa pag-init ng planeta kumpara sa mga sasakyan at trak."
"Cars and trucks are very significant, and we have the lowest standards in the world.","Ang mga sasakyan at trak ay importante, at napakaluwag ng batas natin sa ganitong bagay,"
And so we should address that. But it's part of the puzzle.,kaya't dapat punahin natin 'yon. Ngunit bahagi lamang 'yan ng malaking suliranin.
Other transportation efficiency is as important as cars and trucks.,Ang maayos na sistema ng transportasyon ay kasing-halaga din ng mga sasakyan!
Renewables at the current levels of technological efficiency can make this much difference.,"Ang mga renewables ayon antas ng teknolohiya natin sa ngayon, malaki ang nagagawang tulong nila, at ang ginagawa nila Vinod, at John Doerr, at iba pa,"
"And with what Vinod, and John Doerr and others, many of you here -- there are a lot of people directly involved in this -- this wedge is going to grow much more rapidly than the current projection shows it.",marami sa inyo dito -- maraming tao pa ang kasama nito -- pabibilisin pa nito ang ating paglago kaysa sa inaasahan.
Carbon Capture and Sequestration -- that's what CCS stands for -- is likely to become the killer app that will enable us to continue to use fossil fuels in a way that is safe.,Ang Carbon Capture and Sequestration -- CSS kung tawagin -- ay magiging killer app na hihimukin tayong gumamit ng fossil fuels sa paraang ligtas.
Not quite there yet.,Wala pa tayo d'yan.
"OK. Now, what can you do?","Ok. Ngayon, ano ang inyong magagawa? Bawasan ang inyong paggamit ng karbon sa inyong bahay."
Most of these expenditures are also profitable.,Karamihan ng mga gastusing ito ay kapaki-pakinabang din.
"Insulation, better design.","Ang paglagay ng insulation, mas mahusay na disenyo, mas malinis na kuryente kung maaari."
I mentioned automobiles -- buy a hybrid.,Nabanggit ko ang mga sasakyan -- bumili kayo ng hybrid.
Use light rail.,Sumakay sa tren o LRT.
Figure out some of the other options that are much better.,Mag-isip ng mga opsyon na makakabuti lalo.
It's important.,Mahalaga 'yon.
Be a green consumer.,Maging mahusay na mamimili.
"You have choices with everything you buy, between things that have a harsh effect, or a much less harsh effect on the global climate crisis.","Meron kang mapagpipilian sa mga bilihin, kung ang produkto ba ay may masamang epekto o kaunti lang sa pandaigdigang krisis sa klima."
Consider this: Make a decision to live a carbon-neutral life.,Isaalang-alang ninyo ito. Magpasya kayong maging carbon-neutral habambuhay.
"Those of you who are good at branding, I'd love to get your advice and help on how to say this in a way that connects with the most people.","Kayong magagaling sa marketing, ibig kong kunin ang inyong payo at tulong kung paano ito sabihin sa paraang maiintindihan ng karamihan."
It is easier than you think.,Madali lang ito kaysa sa inaakala n'yo.
"A lot of us in here have made that decision, and it is really pretty easy.","Totoo 'yon. Karamihan sa atin dito ay nakapagpasya na, at naging madali lang."
"It means reduce your carbon dioxide emissions with the full range of choices that you make, and then purchase or acquire offsets for the remainder that you have not completely reduced.","Ibig sabihin: bawasan ang carbon dioxide emissions ayon sa kayang mong magawa, at bumili o gumawa ng pambawi sa mga hindi mo nabawasang lubos."
And what it means is elaborated at climatecrisis.net.,Mas malinaw ang paliwanag sa climatecrisis.net.
There is a carbon calculator.,Merong calculator ng karbon.
"Participant Productions convened -- with my active involvement -- the leading software writers in the world, on this arcane science of carbon calculation, to construct a consumer-friendly carbon calculator.","Dahil sa Participant Productions, kalakip ang aking paglahok, nagsama-sama ang mga nagsusulat ng software na sangkot sa agham ng pagbibilang ng karbon upang gumawa ng consumer-friendly carbon calculator."
"You can very precisely calculate what your CO2 emissions are, and then you will be given options to reduce.","Gamit ito, madali nang tiyakin ang iyong CO2 emissions, at bibigyan kayo nito ng mga opsyon upang paliitin ito."
"And by the time the movie comes out in May, this will be updated to 2.0, and we will have click-through purchases of offsets.","At sa oras na lalabas ang pelikula ngayong Mayo, ito ay na-update na sa 2.0 at magkakaroon na tayo ng mga bilihing click-through na pang-offset."
"Next, consider making your business carbon-neutral.","Sunod, gawing carbon neutral ang inyong negosyo."
"Again, some of us have done that, and it's not as hard as you think.","Ilan sa atin ay nagawa na ito, at hindi ito kasinghirap ng inyong iniisip."
"Integrate climate solutions into all of your innovations, whether you are from the technology, or entertainment, or design and architecture community.","Ipasok ang mga solusyon sa klima sa lahat ng bagong likha, ikaw man ay mula sa industriya ng teknolohiya, aliwan, o disenyo at arkitektura."
Invest sustainably.,Mamuhunan ng pangmatagalan.
Majora mentioned this.,Binanggit na ito ni Majora.
"Listen, if you have invested money with managers who you compensate on the basis of their annual performance, don't ever again complain about quarterly report CEO management.","Makinig kayo, kung babayaran niyo ang mga managers ayon sa kanilang taunang ulat, wala kayong karapatang magreklamo tungkol sa quarterly CEO management reports."
"Over time, people do what you pay them to do.",Nagtatrabaho ang tao ayon sa binabayad.
"And if they judge how much they're going to get paid on your capital that they've invested, based on the short-term returns, you're going to get short-term decisions.","At kung iisipin nila ang halaga ng kikitain nila batay sa iyong ipinuhunan, batay sa mga panandaliang kita, panandalian din ang kanilang pagpapasya."
A lot more to be said about that.,Marami pang masasabi ukol diyan.
Become a catalyst of change.,Maging instrumento ng pagbabago.
"Teach others, learn about it, talk about it.",Turuan ang iba; alamin ito; pag-usapan ito.
"The movie is a movie version of the slideshow I gave two nights ago, except it's a lot more entertaining.","Paglabas ng pelikula -- ang pelikula ay isang bersyon ng slideshow na ibinahagi ko noong isang gabi, subalit mas nakalilibang 'yon."
And it comes out in May.,At lalabas ito sa Mayo.
Many of you here have the opportunity to ensure that a lot of people see it.,Marami sa inyo dito ay may pagkakataong makatiyak na marami ang manonood nito.
Consider sending somebody to Nashville.,Maari kayong magpadala ng tao sa Nashville.
Pick well.,Mamili ng mabuti.
"And I am personally going to train people to give this slideshow -- re-purposed, with some of the personal stories obviously replaced with a generic approach, and it's not just the slides, it's what they mean.","At personal kong sasanayin ang mga taong ito tungkol sa slideshow, lahat bago, may ilan sa mga kuwento ko na papalitan ng mas generic na diskarte, at -- hindi lang ang mga slides, pati na rin ang diwa nito."
And it's how they link together.,Kung paano nila ito pagdudugtungin.
"And so I'm going to be conducting a course this summer for a group of people that are nominated by different folks to come and then give it en masse, in communities all across the country, and we're going to update the slideshow for all of them every single week, to keep it right on the cutting edge.","Magsasagawa ako ng isang kurso sa nalalapit na tag-init kasama ang mga tao na pinili ng mga komunidad na lumahok dito, at sila mismo sa maramihan, ang magbabahagi sa mga komunidad sa bawat sulok ng bansa, at maglalagay tayo ng ilang bago sa slideshow bawat linggo upang panatilihin itong makabago."
"Working with Larry Lessig, it will be, somewhere in that process, posted with tools and limited-use copyrights, so that young people can remix it and do it in their own way.","Kasama si Larry Lessig, may ilalagay kaming kasangkapan at limited-use copyrights, upang malayang magawa ng mga kabataan ang nais nila."
(Applause) Where did anybody get the idea that you ought to stay arm's length from politics?,"(Palakpakan) Saan ba nakukuha ang ideya na dapat dumikit sa pulitika? Hindi ibig sabihin na kung ikaw ay isang Republican, kinukumbinse kitang maging"
We need Republicans as well.,Democrat. Kailangan din natin ng Republicans.
"This used to be a bipartisan issue, and I know that in this group it really is.","Ito ay isyu ng dalawang partido, at alam kong totoo ito sa grupong ito."
Become politically active.,Maging aktibo sa pulitika.
Make our democracy work the way it's supposed to work.,Paganahin natin ang ating demokrasya.
Support the idea of capping carbon dioxide emissions -- global warming pollution -- and trading it.,"Suportahan n'yo ang paglalagay ng cap sa CO2 emmissions, polusyon sa global warming, at sa pangangalakal nito."
"Here's why: as long as the United States is out of the world system, it's not a closed system.","Bakit? Dahil hangga't bahagi ang Estados Unidos sa bukas na sistema ng mundo, hindi ito saradong sistema."
"Once it becomes a closed system, with U.S. participation, then everybody who's on a board of directors -- how many people here serve on the board of directors of a corporation?","Kapag ito'y naging saradong sistema, dahil na rin sa partisipasyon ng mga taga-U.S., lahat ng mga nakaupo sa lupon ng mga direktor -- ilan ba dito ang miyembro ng lupon ng mga direktor sa isang kompanya?"
"Once it's a closed system, you will have legal liability if you do not urge your CEO to get the maximum income from reducing and trading the carbon emissions that can be avoided.","Kapag ito'y naging saradong sistema, may pananagutan ka kung hindi mo sinabihan ang CEO na pagbutihan ang pagbawas at pangangalakal ng carbon emissions na maaaring iwasan."
The market will work to solve this problem -- if we can accomplish this.,Malulutas ito ng merkado kung magagawa natin ito.
Help with the mass persuasion campaign that will start this spring.,Tumulong tayo sa kampanyang sisimulan ngayong darating na tagsibol.
We have to change the minds of the American people.,Kailangan nating baguhin ang pag-iisip ng mga taga-Amerika.
"Because presently, the politicians do not have permission to do what needs to be done.",Sa kasalukuyan walang pahintulot ang mga pulitiko na gawin ang mga kailangang tapusin.
"And in our modern country, the role of logic and reason no longer includes mediating between wealth and power the way it once did.","Sa ating modernong bansa, hindi na kabilang sa logic at reason ang pagbalanse ng yaman at kapangyarihan na gaya ng dati."
"It's now repetition of short, hot-button, 30-second, 28-second television ads.","Ngayon, ito'y tungkol sa paulit-ulit at maiikling 30-segundong, 28-segundong patalastas sa telebisyon."
We have to buy a lot of those ads.,Kailangan naming bumili ng maraming patalastas.
"Let's re-brand global warming, as many of you have suggested.","Ibahin natin ang pagkakakilanlan sa global warming, gaya ng iminumungkahi ng karamihan sa inyo."
"I like ""climate crisis"" instead of ""climate collapse,"" but again, those of you who are good at branding, I need your help on this.","Mas gusto ko ang ""krisis sa klima"" kaysa sa ""pagbagsak ng klima,"" pero 'yon nga, sa magagaling sa marketing, kailangan ko ang tulong niyo."
"Somebody said the test we're facing now, a scientist told me, is whether the combination of an opposable thumb and a neocortex is a viable combination.","May nagsabi na ang pagsubok na hinaharap natin ngayon, ayon sa isang dalubhasa, ay kung ang pinagsamang hinlalaki at neocortex ay isang magandang kombinasyon."
(Laughter) That's really true.,"Totoo. Sinabi ko noong isang gabi, uulitin ko ngayon; hindi ito isyung pulitika."
"Again, the Republicans here -- this shouldn't be partisan.","Muli, sa mga Republicans na nandito, hindi ito ayon sa partido."
You have more influence than some of us who are Democrats do.,Mas malaki ang inyong impluwensya kaysa sa aming Democrats.
This is an opportunity.,Ito ay pagkakataon.
"Not just this, but connected to the ideas that are here, to bring more coherence to them.","Hindi lamang ito, ngunit kaugnay sa ibang ideya ngayon, makakabuo tayo ng pag-unawa."
We are one.,Tayo ay iisa.
"Thank you very much, I appreciate it.","Maraming salamat sa inyo, Ikinalulugod ko ito."
(Applause),(Palakpakan)
,
We're here to celebrate compassion.,Narito tayo upang itanghal ang pakikiramay.
"But compassion, from my vantage point, has a problem.","Subalit ang pakikiramay, sa aking pakiwari, ay may problema."
"As essential as it is across our traditions, as real as so many of us know it to be in particular lives, the word ""compassion"" is hollowed out in our culture, and it is suspect in my field of journalism.","Mahalaga man ito sa ating mga tradisyon, at walang dudang nararamdaman natin ito sa ating araw-araw na pamumuhay, gaya nang alam ng marami sa atin, naging mali ang kahulugan ng katagang ""pakikiramay"" sa ating kultura, lalo sa larangan ng pamamahayag."
"It's seen as a squishy kumbaya thing, or it's seen as potentially depressing.","Madalas ito'y pinupuri kahit hindi naman angkop, at minsa'y tinitingnan ito ng may kasamang lungkot."
"Karen Armstrong has told what I think is an iconic story of giving a speech in Holland and, after the fact, the word ""compassion"" was translated as ""pity.""","Si Karen Armstrong ay may sinabi na sa pakiwari ko'y isang napakabuluhang istorya nang siya'y nagbigay ng talumpati sa Holland at ang katagang ""pakikiramay"" ay isinalin na ""pagkaawa""."
"Now compassion, when it enters the news, too often comes in the form of feel-good feature pieces or sidebars about heroic people you could never be like or happy endings or examples of self-sacrifice that would seem to be too good to be true most of the time.","Ngayon, sa mga balita, ang pakikiramay ay kadalasa'y mababasa sa mga tampok na lathala na hatid ay pampalubag-loob o hindi kaya'y ukol sa mga bayaning hindi kailanman mapaparisan o sa mga magagandang katapusan o mga halimbawa ng pagsasakripisyo na sana nga'y nagkakatotoo nang madalas."
Our cultural imagination about compassion has been deadened by idealistic images.,Ang likhang-isip ng ating kultura hinggil sa pakikiramay ay pinawalang-buhay ng mga idiyalistikong pag-iisip.
And so what I'd like to do this morning for the next few minutes is perform a linguistic resurrection.,"Kaya, sa umagang ito, sa susunod na ilang mga sandali, ay gusto kong magsagawa ng isang muling pagbagon sa linguwistika."
"And I hope you'll come with me on my basic premise that words matter, that they shape the way we understand ourselves, the way we interpret the world and the way we treat others.","At inaasahan kong aayon kayo sa aking pangunahing batayan na ang mga salita ay mahalaga, na hinuhubog nito kung papaano natin inuunawa ang ating mga sarili, kung papaano natin nakikita ang kamunduhan at kung paano natin pinakikitunguhan ang ating kapwa."
"When this country first encountered genuine diversity in the 1960s, we adopted tolerance as the core civic virtue with which we would approach that.","Ang bayang ito, noong taong 1960, sa unang pagkakataon ay dumanas ng tunay na pagkakaiba, at ang pagtanggap sa iba ay naging ugat na kaugalian na ating titingnan ngayon."
"Now the word ""tolerance,"" if you look at it in the dictionary, connotes ""allowing,"" ""indulging"" and ""enduring.""","Ang salitang ""pagtanggap"", kung titingnan mo sa diksiyunaryo, ay katumbas ng ""pagpayag"", ""pagbibigay"" at ""pagtitiis""."
"In the medical context that it comes from, it is about testing the limits of thriving in an unfavorable environment.","Sa konteksto medikal na pinaghanguan nito, ito'y patungkol sa kung gaano katagal maaring mabuhay sa isang nakapipinsalang kapaligiran."
Tolerance is not really a lived virtue; it's more of a cerebral ascent.,"Sa katunayan, ang pagtanggap ay hindi isang tunay na birtud. Sa halip, ito ay nasa utak lang."
And it's too cerebral to animate guts and hearts and behavior when the going gets rough.,"At dahil nasa utak ito napapagalaw nito ang ating kalamnan, ang puso, at asal kahit pa dumating ang maraming gulo."
And the going is pretty rough right now.,At totoong mas magulo na tayo ngayon.
"I think that without perhaps being able to name it, we are collectively experiencing that we've come as far as we can with tolerance as our only guiding virtue.","Sa aking pakiwari, kahit marahil hindi tuwirang matutukoy ito, nararanasan nating lahat na nandito ngayon dahil sa pagtanggap sa iba bilang tanging gabay-asal."
Compassion is a worthy successor.,Ang pakikiramay ay isang karapat-dapat na kapalit.
"It is organic, across our religious, spiritual and ethical traditions, and yet it transcends them.","Nilalaman nito ang ating mga pananampalataya, ispiritwal, at etikal na paniniwala, at lalong higit pa sa mga ito."
"Compassion is a piece of vocabulary that could change us if we truly let it sink into the standards to which we hold ourselves and others, both in our private and in our civic spaces.","Ang pakikiramay ay isang salita sa bukabularyo na makapagpapabago sa atin kung hahayaan natin itong maging bahagi ng mga sukatan na ating pinanghahawakan para ating sarili at sa iba, sa ating pamumuhay maging pribado o sibiko."
"So what is it, three-dimensionally?",Papaano natin ito susukatin?
What are its kindred and component parts?,Ano ang mga magkakaugnay at bumubuong bahagi nito?
What's in its universe of attendant virtues?,Ano ito sa kalawakan ng magkakaugnay na mga kagandahang-asal?
"To start simply, I want to say that compassion is kind.","Una, ang pakikiramay ay kabaitan."
"Now ""kindness"" might sound like a very mild word, and it's prone to its own abundant cliche.","Ngayon, sa pandinig, tila baga ang kabaitan ay isang napakalumanay na kataga, at madali itong isipin na cliche."
But kindness is an everyday byproduct of all the great virtues.,Subalit ang kabaitan ay pang-araw-araw na kakambal ng lahat ng kagandahang-asal.
And it is a most edifying form of instant gratification.,At ito'y isang matayog na uri na nagbibigay ng agad na kaluguran.
Compassion is also curious.,Ang pakikiramay ay ang pagiging curious.
Compassion cultivates and practices curiosity.,Linilinang at inuugali ng pakikiramay ang kuriosidad.
"I love a phrase that was offered me by two young women who are interfaith innovators in Los Angeles, Aziza Hasan and Malka Fenyvesi.","Gusto ko ang kataga na binanggit sa akin ng dalawang kabataang babaeng ""interfaith innovators"" sa Los Angeles, sina Aziza Hasan at Malka Fenyvesi."
"They are working to create a new imagination about shared life among young Jews and Muslims, and as they do that, they cultivate what they call ""curiosity without assumptions.""","Nagsusumikap silang lumikha ng bagong imahenasyon hinggil sa sama-samang pamumuhay ng mga Jews at mga Muslim, at tinawag nila itong ""kuriosidad na walang pagpapalagay."""
Well that's going to be a breeding ground for compassion.,Tunay ngang magiging punlaan ito ng pakikiramay.
Compassion can be synonymous with empathy.,Kaisa-ng-damdamin ay isa pang maaaring kahulugan ng pakikiramay.
"It can be joined with the harder work of forgiveness and reconciliation, but it can also express itself in the simple act of presence.","May mas mahirap na gawin na maisasama dito: ang pagpapatawad at pakikipagkasundo, ngunit maari din na ang ibig sabihin ay ang pagdalo at pakikipagkita ng personal."
"It's linked to practical virtues like generosity and hospitality and just being there, just showing up.","kaugnay rin mga praktikal na magagandang-asal tulad ng pagkabukas-palad at mabuting pakikitungo at sa simpleng pakikiharap lamang, at sa pagpapakita sa ating mga kaibigan."
"I think that compassion also is often linked to beauty -- and by that I mean a willingness to see beauty in the other, not just what it is about them that might need helping.","Pakiwari ko'y ang pakikiramay ay iniuugnay din sa kagandahan -- at ang ibig kong sabihin ay ang pagkukusang pagpansin sa kagandahan ng iba, dahil higit pa ito sa pagbibigay tulong lang."
I love it that my Muslim conversation partners often speak of beauty as a core moral value.,Natutuwa ako na ang aking mga nakakadiskurso na mga Muslim ay madalas banggitin ang kagandahan-asal bilang isang moral na birtud.
"And in that light, for the religious, compassion also brings us into the territory of mystery -- encouraging us not just to see beauty, but perhaps also to look for the face of God in the moment of suffering, in the face of a stranger, in the face of the vibrant religious other.","Sa ganitong pagkaunawa, para sa mga relihiyoso, inaakay tayo ng pakikiramay sa lugar ng misteryo -- hinihimok tayong masdan hindi lamang ang kagandahan, ngunit pati na rin ang mukha ng Diyos sa sandali ng pighati, sa mukha ng di-kakilala, sa mukha ng mga maka-relihiyoso."
"I'm not sure if I can show you what tolerance looks like, but I can show you what compassion looks like -- because it is visible.",Hindi ko tiyak na maipakikita ko sa inyo kung ano ang kamukha ng pakikibagay subalit maipakikita ko sa inyo kung ano ang kamukha ng pakikiramay -- sapagka't ito ay nakikita.
"When we see it, we recognize it and it changes the way we think about what is doable, what is possible.","Kapag nakikita natin ito, makikilala natin ito at binabago nito ang ating pagtingin sa bagay na maaring gawin, mga bagay na posible."
It is so important when we're communicating big ideas -- but especially a big spiritual idea like compassion -- to root it as we present it to others in space and time and flesh and blood -- the color and complexity of life.,"Lubhang mahalaga na kapag nagsasabi tayo ng mga mga malalaking ideya -- lalo na ba't ang malaking espiritwal na ideya tulad ng pakikiramay -- na habang inuulat natin ito sa iba'y inuugat natin ito sa lugar, panahon at sa katawa't dugo -- ang kulay at gusot ng buhay."
And compassion does seek physicality.,Layon ng pakikiramay ang gawaing pisikal.
I first started to learn this most vividly from Matthew Sanford.,Natutunan ko ito mula kay Matthew Sanford.
"And I don't imagine that you will realize this when you look at this photograph of him, but he's paraplegic.",Palagay ko'y hindi ninyo maiisip ito kung basta titingnan ninyo lamang itong litrato niya sapagkat hindi na siya nakakagalaw.
"He's been paralyzed from the waist down since he was 13, in a car crash that killed his father and his sister.",Hindi na siya maaring gumalaw mula sa baywang pababa mula noong siya'y 13 gulang dahil sa isang banggaan ng kotse na ikinamatay ng kanyang ama at kapatid na babae.
"Matthew's legs don't work, and he'll never walk again, and -- and he does experience this as an ""and"" rather than a ""but"" -- and he experiences himself to be healed and whole.","Hindi na mailakad ni Matthew ang kanyang mga paa, at hindi na siya muling makalalakad kailan man, at -- lagi niyang pinapamalas ang salitang ""at"" sa halip na ""ngunit"" -- at nararanasan niya ang kanyang sarili na pinagagaling at buong-buo."
"And as a teacher of yoga, he brings that experience to others across the spectrum of ability and disability, health, illness and aging.","At bilang guro sa yoga, inilalahad niya ang karanasang iyon sa kaninuman: may kapansanan man o wala, sa malulusog, sa may sakit, at sa matatanda."
He says that he's just at an extreme end of the spectrum we're all on.,Sinasabi niya na nagkataon lang na siya'y nasa dulo ng ating depinisyon tungkol sa buhay.
He's doing some amazing work now with veterans coming back from Iraq and Afghanistan.,Gumagawa siya ng mga kamangha-manghang bagay para sa mga beteranong galing Iraq at Afghanistan.
And Matthew has made this remarkable observation that I'm just going to offer you and let it sit.,Si Matthew ay may pambihirang obserbasyon na ikukuwento ko sa inyo.
"I can't quite explain it, and he can't either.","Hindi ko lubos na maipaliwanag ito, at maski na rin siya."
"But he says that he has yet to experience someone who became more aware of their body, in all its frailty and its grace, without, at the same time, becoming more compassionate towards all of life.",Subalit sinasabi niya na hindi pa siya nakakakita ng tao na matapos matanto ang kahinaan ng kanyang katawa'y hindi rin naramdaman ang higit na pakikiramay sa iba.
Compassion also looks like this.,Ito pa ang isang larawan ng pakikiramay:
This is Jean Vanier.,Siya si Jean Vanier.
"Jean Vanier helped found the L'Arche communities, which you can now find all over the world, communities centered around life with people with mental disabilities -- mostly Down syndrome.","Itinatag ni Jean Vanier and L'Arche Communities, na matatagpuan niyo sa buong mundo, mga komunidad na binubuo ng mga taong may kapansanan sa utak -- at karamiha'y may Down syndrome."
"The communities that Jean Vanier founded, like Jean Vanier himself, exude tenderness.","Ang komunidad na itinatag ni Jean Vanier, ay tulad niya, may lubos ang pagkamagiliw."
"""Tender"" is another word I would love to spend some time resurrecting.","""Magiliw"" ay isang salita na nais kong bigyan pagpapahalaga."
"We spend so much time in this culture being driven and aggressive, and I spend a lot of time being those things too.","Sa kultura ngayon, maraming panahon ang ating ginugugol sa pagigiing agresibo at mapusok, at madalas ko rin ugali ito."
And compassion can also have those qualities.,Minsan ang pakikiramay ay nagiging agresibo din.
"But again and again, lived compassion brings us back to the wisdom of tenderness.",Ngunit lagi tayong pinapaalalahanan na ang pakikiramay ay nakaugat sa pagiging magiliw.
"Jean Vanier says that his work, like the work of other people -- his great, beloved, late friend Mother Teresa -- is never in the first instance about changing the world; it's in the first instance about changing ourselves.","Sinasabi ni Jean Vanier na ang kanyang gawain, tulad ng gawain ng iba -- kanyang dakila't minamahal na kaibigan, na si Mother Teresa -- kailanman hindi hangad na baguhin ang mundo; sa katunayan, ito'y tungkol sa pagbabago ng ating mga sarili."
"He's says that what they do with L'Arche is not a solution, but a sign.","Sinasabi niya na ang ginagawa nila sa L'Arche ay hindi isang solusyon, kundi isang palatandaan."
"Compassion is rarely a solution, but it is always a sign of a deeper reality, of deeper human possibilities.","Ang pakikiramay ay bihirang maging solusyon; ito'y paalala ng mas malalim na katotohanan, ng mas malalim na posibilidad para sa tao."
"And compassion is unleashed in wider and wider circles by signs and stories, never by statistics and strategies.","Naisisiwalat ang pakikiramay sa mas maraming tao sa pamamagitan ng mga paalala at kwento, at hindi sa statistika at estratehiya."
"We need those things too, but we're also bumping up against their limits.","Kailangan din natin ang mga bagay na iyon, ngunit madalas tayong nagkukulang."
"And at the same time that we are doing that, I think we are rediscovering the power of story -- that as human beings, we need stories to survive, to flourish, to change.","At samantalang ginagawa natin ito, sa tingin ko ay muli nating natutuklasan ang bisa ng istorya -- na bilang mga tao, kinakailangan natin ang mga kwento upang manatiling buhay, upang lumusog, upang magbago."
"Our traditions have always known this, and that is why they have always cultivated stories at their heart and carried them forward in time for us.","Laman ito ng ating mga tradisyon, at dahil dito, nakaugat na ang mga kwento sa ating lahi at nakarating sa panahon ngayon."
"There is, of course, a story behind the key moral longing and commandment of Judaism to repair the world -- tikkun olam.",Sa katuna'y may isang istorya hinggil sa pangunahing mithiin at batas ng Judaism na gawing tuwid ang kamunduhan -- ang tikkun olam.
"And I'll never forget hearing that story from Dr. Rachel Naomi Remen, who told it to me as her grandfather told it to her, that in the beginning of the Creation something happened and the original light of the universe was shattered into countless pieces.","Hindi ko malilimutan ang istoryang ito na narinig ko mula kay Dr. Rachel Naomi Remen, na nagmula pa sa kanyang lolo, tungkol sa mga pangyayari noong unang araw ng Paglikha: ang pinakaunang liwanag ng santinakpan ay nadurog sa di mabilang na mga piraso."
It lodged as shards inside every aspect of the Creation.,Iyon ay bumaon na animo'y mga bubog sa bawat anyo ng Nilikha.
"And that the highest human calling is to look for this light, to point at it when we see it, to gather it up, and in so doing, to repair the world.","At ang pinakamataas na layunin ng tao ay hanapin ang liwanag na ito, at matapos matuklasa'y ituro ito, pulutin ito, at sa ganoong paraa'y maisasayos ang mundo."
Now this might sound like a fanciful tale.,Maari mong isiping isa itong napakamalikhaing kuwento.
Some of my fellow journalists might interpret it that way.,Marahil ganito rin ang pananaw ng ilan sa aking kapwa-mamahayag.
"Rachel Naomi Remen says this is an important and empowering story for our time, because this story insists that each and every one of us, frail and flawed as we may be, inadequate as we may feel, has exactly what's needed to help repair the part of the world that we can see and touch.","Sinasabi ni Rachel Naomi Remen na ito ay isang kwento na mahalaga at mabisa para sa ating panahon, sapagka't ang kwentong ito'y may binibigyan-diin: na ganoon ma't bawat isa sa atin ay maaaring may kahinaan at kapintasan, at maaring sa pakiwari'y may kakulangan, ito mismo ang kailangan upang makatulong tayo sa maliit na bahagi ng mundo na ating nakikita at nadadama."
"Stories like this, signs like this, are practical tools in a world longing to bring compassion to abundant images of suffering that can otherwise overwhelm us.","Ang mga kwentong tulad nito, ang mga paalala tulad nito ay mga praktikal na paraaan sa mundong nagmimithing maghatid ng pakikiramay sa napakaraming paghihirap na maaring gumupo sa atin."
Rachel Naomi Remen is actually bringing compassion back to its rightful place alongside science in her field of medicine in the training of new doctors.,"Sa katunayan, ibinabalik ni Rachel Naomi Remen ang pakikiramay sa dati nitong lugar kaagapay ng agham sa kanyang larangan ng medisina sa paghubog ng mga bagong doktor."
"And this trend of what Rachel Naomi Remen is doing, how these kinds of virtues are finding a place in the vocabulary of medicine -- the work Fred Luskin is doing -- I think this is one of the most fascinating developments of the 21st century -- that science, in fact, is taking a virtue like compassion definitively out of the realm of idealism.","Itong kalakaran ng mga ginagawa ni Rachel Naomi, itong paglalagay ng iba't-ibang kagandahang-asal sa bokabularyo ng medisina -- ang mga ginagawa ni Fred Luskin -- sa aking palagay, ay isa sa mga bukod-tanging pag-unlad ng ika-21 siglo -- na hinugot ng siyensa ang isang birtud tulad ng pakikiramay mula sa larangan ng idiyalismo."
"This is going to change science, I believe, and it will change religion.","Sa aking paniniwala, babaguhin nito ang agham, at babaguhin nito ang relihiyon."
But here's a face from 20th century science that might surprise you in a discussion about compassion.,Subalit may isang tao mula sa siyensa ng ika-20 siglo na maaaring ikagulat niyo ukol sa ating diskuyson hinggil sa pakikiramay.
We all know about the Albert Einstein who came up with E = mc2.,Alam nating lahat ang tungkol kay Albert Eistein na binuo ang E=mc2.
"We don't hear so much about the Einstein who invited the African American opera singer, Marian Anderson, to stay in his home when she came to sing in Princeton because the best hotel there was segregated and wouldn't have her.","Marahil hindi natin alam ang tungkol sa pag-iimbita ni Einstein kay Marian Anderson, isang African-American na opera singer, na tumira sa kanyang bahay nang siya'y dumating upang kumanta sa Princeton dahil ang pinakamagandang hotel noon ay segregated at bawal siya doon."
We don't hear about the Einstein who used his celebrity to advocate for political prisoners in Europe or the Scottsboro boys in the American South.,Marahil hindi natin alam na ginamit ni Einstein ang kanyang pagiging sikat upang ipagtanggol ang mga nabilanggo sa Europe dahil sa pulitika o ang mga kabataang Scottsboro sa Katimugan.
Einstein believed deeply that science should transcend national and ethnic divisions.,Matindi ang paniniwala ni Einstein na higit pa sa pagkakaibang nasiyonal at etnikal ang layunin ng agham.
But he watched physicists and chemists become the purveyors of weapons of mass destruction in the early 20th century.,Subalit kasama din niya ang mga physicists at chemists na naging susi ng paggawa ng armas ng mass destruction sa pagpasok ng ika-20 siglo.
He once said that science in his generation had become like a razor blade in the hands of a three-year-old.,Minsa'y sinabi niya na ang agham noon ay tulad ng isang labaha sa kamay ng tatlong taong gulang.
"And Einstein foresaw that as we grow more modern and technologically advanced, we need the virtues our traditions carry forward in time more, not less.","At nakinita ni Einstein na habang tayo'y nagiging mas moderno at umuunlad sa teknolohiya, kakailanganin natin ang kagandahaang-asal na hatid ng ating mga tradisyon ng mas madalas pa."
He liked to talk about the spiritual geniuses of the ages.,Lagi din niyang nababanggit ang mga genius na pang-ispiritwal.
"Some of his favorites were Moses, Jesus, Buddha, St. Francis of Assisi, Gandhi -- he adored his contemporary, Gandhi.","Ilan sa kanyang mga paborito'y sina Moses, Hesus, Buddha, St. Francis of Assisi, Gandhi -- gustong-gusto niya si Gandhi, na kapanahunan niya."
"And Einstein said -- and I think this is a quote, again, that has not been passed down in his legacy -- that ""these kinds of people are geniuses in the art of living, more necessary to the dignity, security and joy of humanity than the discoverers of objective knowledge.""","At sinabi ni Einstein -- sa tingin ko ito ay isang kataga, na hindi madalas iugnay sa kanya -- na ""ang mga taong ito ay genius sa paraan ng pamumuhay, sila'y mas kailangan sa ikararangal, ikatitiwasay at ikaliligaya ng tao higit sa mga manunuklas ng karunungan."""
"Now invoking Einstein might not seem the best way to bring compassion down to earth and make it seem accessible to all the rest of us, but actually it is.","Marahil, ang pagbanggit kay Einsten ay hindi ang pinakamainam na paraan upang ibalik sa mundo ang pakikiramay at gawin itong kaugalian bawat isa sa atin, ngunit, sa katunayan, ay pwede din naman."
"I want to show you the rest of this photograph, because this photograph is analogous to what we do to the word ""compassion"" in our culture -- we clean it up and we diminish its depths and its grounding in life, which is messy.","Nais kong ipakita sa inyo ang litratong ito, sapagkat ang litratong ito ay kawangis ng katagang ""pakikiramay"" sa ating kultura -- nililinis natin ito binabawasan natin ang mga lalim at sandigan nito sa buhay na magusot."
So in this photograph you see a mind looking out a window at what might be a cathedral -- it's not.,"Kaya, sa litratong ito makikita ninyo na mula sa bintana ay may minamasdan na tila baga isang katedral -- mali."
"This is the full photograph, and you see a middle-aged man wearing a leather jacket, smoking a cigar.","Ito ang buong litrato, isang lalaking nakasuot ng leather jacket, hawak ang isang tabako."
"And by the look of that paunch, he hasn't been doing enough yoga.","Sa hugis lamang ng malaking tiyang iyan, ay hindi sapat ang kanyang pag-yoyoga."
"We put these two photographs side-by-side on our website, and someone said, ""When I look at the first photo, I ask myself, what was he thinking?","Pinagtabi namin ang dalawang litratong ito sa aming website, at may nagsabi, ""Kapag tinitingnan ko ang unang litrato, tinatanong ko ang aking sarili: Ano kaya ang iniisip niya?"
"And when I look at the second, I ask, what kind of person was he? What kind of man is this?""","At kapag tinitingnan ko naman ang ikalawang litrato, tinatanong ko: Anong klaseng tao siya? Anong klaseng lalaki ito?"""
"Well, he was complicated.","Sa katunayan, komplikado siya:"
He was incredibly compassionate in some of his relationships and terribly inadequate in others.,"Labis ang kanyang pakikiramay sa ilan niyang mga kasamahan, ngunit kulang na kulang naman sa iba."
"And it is much harder, often, to be compassionate towards those closest to us, which is another quality in the universe of compassion, on its dark side, that also deserves our serious attention and illumination.","Madalas nga naman na madamayin tayo sa mga taong pinakamalapit sa atin, dahil ganito ang isang mukha ng pakikiramay, na hindi kanais-nais, na marapat bigyan ng ating atensiyon at liwanag."
"Gandhi, too, was a real flawed human being.",Si Gandhi man ay isang taong may kapintasan.
"So was Martin Luther King, Jr. So was Dorothy Day.",Gayon din si Martin Luther King Jr. Gayon din si Dorothy Day.
So was Mother Teresa.,Gayon din si Mother Teresa.
So are we all.,Gayon din tayong lahat.
And I want to say that it is a liberating thing to realize that that is no obstacle to compassion -- following on what Fred Luskin says -- that these flaws just make us human.,At ang gusto kong sabihi'y nakakaluwag ng damdamin na matanto na ang kapintasan ay hindi hadlang sa pakikiramay -- ayon nga sa sinabi ni Fred Luskin -- ang mga kapintasang ito ang bumubuo sa ating pagkatao.
Our culture is obsessed with perfection and with hiding problems.,Walang inaatupag ang ating lahi kundi ang pagiging perpekto at ang pagtatago ng mga suliranin.
"But what a liberating thing to realize that our problems, in fact, are probably our richest sources for rising to this ultimate virtue of compassion, towards bringing compassion towards the suffering and joys of others.","Subalit, nakakaluwag sa damdaming malaman na sa katunayan, ang mga problemang ito ang magsisilbing pinakamasaganang bukal ng pagdadamayan at pakikiramay: ang pagdulot ng kagandahang-asal sa mga bawat nagdurusa at nagsasaya."
Rachel Naomi Remen is a better doctor because of her life-long struggle with Crohn's disease.,Si Rachel Naomi Remen ay naging mas mabuting doktor dahil sa kanyang dinadalang Crohn's disease.
"Einstein became a humanitarian, not because of his exquisite knowledge of space and time and matter, but because he was a Jew as Germany grew fascist.","Naging makatao si Einstein, hindi dahil sa kaniyang pambihirang karunungan sa aspetong materyal, panahon, at lugar, ngunit dahil siya ay isang Hudyo sa panahong naging malupit ang Alemanya."
"And Karen Armstrong, I think you would also say that it was some of your very wounding experiences in a religious life that, with a zigzag, have led to the Charter for Compassion.","At kay Karen Armstrong, sa tingin ko na ilan sa iyong mapapait na karanasan sa buhay pananampalataya, na wari'y palihis, ang nag-akay sa iyo tungo sa Charter for Compassion."
Compassion can't be reduced to sainthood any more than it can be reduced to pity.,Ang pakikiramay ay hindi tulad ng kabanalan at lalong hindi katumbas ng pagkamaawain.
So I want to propose a final definition of compassion -- this is Einstein with Paul Robeson by the way -- and that would be for us to call compassion a spiritual technology.,"Kaya, nais kong imungkahi ang huling kahulugan ng pakikiramay -- na hango kay Einstein at Paul Robeson -- na ang pakikiramay ay isang ""teknolohiyang ispiritwal""."
"Now our traditions contain vast wisdom about this, and we need them to mine it for us now.","Ngayon, ang ating mga tradisyon ay naglalaman ng malawig na karunungan hinggil dito, at marapat lamang na hukayin natin ito ngayon."
But compassion is also equally at home in the secular as in the religious.,Ang pakikiramay ay magkatulad sa aspetong sekular o relihisoyo man.
"So I will paraphrase Einstein in closing and say that humanity, the future of humanity, needs this technology as much as it needs all the others that have now connected us and set before us the terrifying and wondrous possibility of actually becoming one human race.","Kaya't isasalin ko ang sinabi ni Einstein na kailangan ng sangkatauhan, at ng kinabukasan ng sangkatauhan, ang ganitong teknolohiya gaya ng pangangailan natin sa ibang mga bagay na nag-uugnay sa ating lahat at nagpapaalala sa atin ang nakatatakot subalit kahanga-hangang posibilidad na tayo ay iisang lahi ng sangkatauhan."
Thank you.,Salamat.
(Applause),(Palakpakan)
,
It's great being here at TED.,Nakakatuwa dito sa TED.
"You know, I think there might be some presentations that will go over my head, but the most amazing concepts are the ones that go right under my feet.","Alam niyo, sa tingin ko may mga pagtatanghal na hindi ko lubusang maiintindihan, ngunit ang mga pinakamahuhusay na konsepto ay yaong mga tumatagos hanggang talampakan."
"The little things in life, sometimes that we forget about, like pollination, that we take for granted.","Ang maliliit na bagay sa buhay, na madalas nating nalilimutan, katulad ng polinasyon, na ating winawalang-bahala."
"And you can't tell the story about pollinators -- bees, bats, hummingbirds, butterflies -- without telling the story about the invention of flowers and how they co-evolved over 50 million years.","Walang kwento tungkol sa mga pollinators -- mga bubuyog, paniki, hummingbirds, paru-paro -- nang hindi kinukwento ang istorya ng pagkakaroon ng mga bulaklak at kung paano sila nagkasabay sa ebolusyon sa loob ng 50 milyong taon."
"I've been filming time-lapse flowers 24 hours a day, seven days a week, for over 35 years.","Kinukunan ko ang mga bulaklak gamit ang time-lapse 24 oras sa isang araw, 7 araw sa isang linggo, sa loob ng 35 taon."
To watch them move is a dance I'm never going to get tired of.,Ang mapanood silang gumalaw na parang isang sayaw ay hindi ko pagsasawaan.
"It fills me with wonder, and it opens my heart.",Napupuno ako ng pagkamangha at binubuksan nito ang aking puso.
"Beauty and seduction, I believe, is nature's tool for survival, because we will protect what we fall in love with.","Ang kagandahan at panghahalina, sa aking paniniwala, ay gamit ng kalikasan upang ito'y magtagal, dahil napapangalagaan natin ang mga bagay na napapamahal sa atin."
Their relationship is a love story that feeds the Earth.,Ang kanilang ugnayan ay isang kwento ng pag-ibig na bumubuhay sa mundo.
"It reminds us that we are a part of nature, and we're not separate from it.","Pinapaalala nito sa atin na kabahagi din tayo ng kalikasan, at hindi tayo nakahiwalay dito."
"When I heard about the vanishing bees, Colony Collapse Disorder, it motivated me to take action.","Nang narinig ko ang tungkol sa mga naglahong bubuyog, at sa Colony Collapse Disorder, ito ang nag-udyok sa akin na kumilos."
We depend on pollinators for over a third of the fruits and vegetables we eat.,Umaasa tayo sa mga pollinators sa halos ikatlo ng lahat ng prutas at gulay na ating kinakain.
And many scientists believe it's the most serious issue facing mankind.,At maraming siyentipiko ang naniniwala na ito ang pinakaseryosong suliranin na kinakaharap ng sangkatauhan.
It's like the canary in the coalmine.,Dapat itong magsilbing babala.
"If they disappear, so do we.","Kapag sila'y naglaho, tayo din ay maglalaho."
It reminds us that we are a part of nature and we need to take care of it.,Pinapaalala nito na kabahagi tayo ng kalikasan at kailangan natin itong alagaan.
"What motivated me to film their behavior was something that I asked my scientific advisers: ""What motivates the pollinators?""","Ang nag-udyok sa'kin na kunan ang kanilang gawain ay noong nagtanong ako sa aking mga tagapayo sa agham: ""Ano ang nagpapagalaw sa mga pollinators?"""
"Well, their answer was, ""It's all about risk and reward.""","Sagot nila, ""Iyon ay ang pagtataya sa mga panganib at gantimpala."""
"Like a wide-eyed kid, I'd say, ""Why is that?""","Gaya ng isang mausisang bata, nagtanong pa ako, ""Bakit ganoon?"""
"And they'd say, ""Well, because they want to survive.""","Sagot nila, ""Marahil, dahil gusto nilang magtagal."""
"I go, ""Why?""","Nagpatuloy pa ako, ""Bakit?"""
"""Well, in order to reproduce.""","""Marahil, para magparami."""
"""Well, why?""","""Bakit naman?"""
"And I thought that they'd probably say, ""Well, it's all about sex.""","At akala ko ang isasagot nila, ""Marahil, dahil gusto nilang makipagtalik."""
"And Chip Taylor, our monarch butterfly expert, he replied, ""Nothing lasts forever.","Sagot naman ni Chip Taylor, ang aming experto sa monarch butterfly, ""Walang nagtatagal ng panghabambuhay."
"Everything in the universe wears out.""","Ang lahat ng nasa kalawakan ay mawawala."""
And that blew my mind.,At doon ako nawindang.
"Because I realized that nature had invented reproduction as a mechanism for life to move forward, as a life force that passes right through us and makes us a link in the evolution of life.","Dahil naunawaan ko na inimbento ng kalikasan ang pagpaparami bilang mekanismo upang magpatuloy ang buhay, bilang puwersa sa bawat isa sa atin na nagdudugtong sa kabuuang ebolusyon."
"Rarely seen by the naked eye, this intersection between the animal world and the plant world is truly a magic moment.","Dahil bihirang nakikita ng ating payak na mata, ang ugnayang ito na pumapagitna sa mundo ng mga hayop at halaman ay tunay na kahanga-hanga."
"It's the mystical moment where life regenerates itself, over and over again.","Ito'y isang mahiwagang sandali kung saan nililikha ng buhay ang kanyang sarili, nang paulit-ulit."
So here is some nectar from my film.,Kaya heto ang mumunting dagta mula sa aking mga kuha.
"I hope you'll drink, tweet and plant some seeds to pollinate a friendly garden.","Umaasa ako na kayo'y sisimsim, huhuni at magtatanim ng ilang buto upang makapagbunga ng isang maaliwas na hardin."
"And always take time to smell the flowers, and let it fill you with beauty, and rediscover that sense of wonder.","At lagi kayong maglaan ng oras upang amuyin ang mga bulaklak, at hayaan niyo na punuin kayo nito ng pagkahalina, at maalala ang pakiramdam ng pagkamangha."
Here are some images from the film.,Heto ang ilan sa mga imahe mula sa aking kuha.
(Music) (Applause) Thank you.,(Musika) (Palakpakan) Salamat.
Thank you very much.,Maraming salamat.
(Applause) Thank you.,(Palakpakan) Salamat.
(Applause),(Palakpakan)
,
(Music) (Applause) (Music) (Applause),(Tugtog) (Palakpakan) (Tugtog) (Palakpakan)
,
"A few years ago, I felt like I was stuck in a rut, so I decided to follow in the footsteps of the great American philosopher, Morgan Spurlock, and try something new for 30 days.","Ilang taon na ang nakalipas, pakiramdam ko ay lugmok na ako, kaya nagpasya akong sundan ang mga yapak ni Morgan Spurlock, isang magaling na pilosopo ng Amerika, na sumubok ng bago sa loob ng 30 araw."
The idea is actually pretty simple.,Simple lang ang ideyang ito.
Think about something you've always wanted to add to your life and try it for the next 30 days.,Isipin mo ang isang bagay na gusto mong idagdag sa iyong karanasan at subukan mo iyon sa sumusunod na 30 araw.
It turns out 30 days is just about the right amount of time to add a new habit or subtract a habit -- like watching the news -- from your life.,"Kung tutuusin, ang 30 araw ay sapat na panahon lang upang dagdagan o bawasan ang isang kasanayan -- gaya ng panood ng balita -- sa iyong buhay."
There's a few things I learned while doing these 30-day challenges.,May iilang bagay akong natutunan habang ginagawa ko ang mga 30-araw na hamon.
"The first was, instead of the months flying by, forgotten, the time was much more memorable.","Una, sa halip na lumipas ang mga buwan na madaling nalilimutan, nagiging mas madali itong matandaan."
This was part of a challenge I did to take a picture every day for a month.,Bahagi ito ng hamon ko na kumuha ng litrato kada araw sa loob ng isang buwan.
And I remember exactly where I was and what I was doing that day.,At natatandaan ko mismo kung saan at ano ang ginagawa ko sa araw na yan.
"I also noticed that as I started to do more and harder 30-day challenges, my self-confidence grew.","Napansin ko din na habang pahirap ng pahirap ang mga 30-araw na hamon, lumalaki ang kumpansya ko sa sarili."
I went from desk-dwelling computer nerd to the kind of guy who bikes to work.,Mula sa pagiging nerd na nakaharap sa kompyuter noon ay nagbibisikleta na ngayon papuntang trabaho --
For fun!,bilang katuwaan.
"(Laughter) Even last year, I ended up hiking up Mt. Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa.","Noong isang taon, inakyat ko ang Mt. Kilimanjaro, ang pinakamatayog sa Aprika."
I would never have been that adventurous before I started my 30-day challenges.,Hindi ako magiging kasing-pangahas noong hindi ko pa sinimulan ang mga 30-araw na hamon.
"I also figured out that if you really want something badly enough, you can do anything for 30 days.","Napagtanto ko din na kung gugustuhin mo lang talaga ang isang bagay, magagawa mo ang kahit ano sa loob ng 30 araw."
Have you ever wanted to write a novel?,"Nakapagsulat ka na ba ng nobela? Kada Nobyembre ng taon,"
"Every November, tens of thousands of people try to write their own 50,000-word novel, from scratch, in 30 days.","sampung libong katao ang sumusubok magsulat ng nobelang may 50,000 na salita sa loob ng 30 araw."
"It turns out, all you have to do is write 1,667 words a day for a month.","Ang kailangan mo lang palang gawin ay sumulat ng 1,667 na salita kada araw sa loob ng isang buwan."
So I did.,Kaya ginawa ko yun.
"By the way, the secret is not to go to sleep until you've written your words for the day.",Ang sikreto dito ay hindi ka maaring matulog hangga't hindi mo natatapos ang pagsusulat para sa araw na iyon.
"You might be sleep-deprived, but you'll finish your novel.","Maaring inaantok ka palagi, ngunit siguradong tapos mo ang nobela."
Now is my book the next great American novel?,Maihahanay na ba sa mga pinakamahusay ang libro ko?
No. I wrote it in a month.,Siyempre hindi. Sinulat ko lang iyon ng isang buwan.
It's awful.,Ang pangit.
"(Laughter) But for the rest of my life, if I meet John Hodgman at a TED party, I don't have to say, ""I'm a computer scientist.""","Pero sa natitirang bahagi ng buhay ko, kung magtatagpo kami ni ni John Hodgman sa isang TED party, hindi ko sasabihing, ""Isa akong computer scientist."""
"No, no, if I want to, I can say, ""I'm a novelist.""","Hindi, ngayon pwede ko nang sabihing ""Isa akong nobelista."""
(Laughter) So here's one last thing I'd like to mention.,(Tawanan) Ito ang huling bagay na nais kong banggitin.
"I learned that when I made small, sustainable changes, things I could keep doing, they were more likely to stick.","Natutunan ko na noong ginagawa ko ang mga paunti-unting pagbabago, mga gawaing kaya kong ulit-ulitin, ito'y nagiging kaugalian."
"There's nothing wrong with big, crazy challenges.",Walang masama sa mga nakakabaliw na hamon.
"In fact, they're a ton of fun.","Sa katunayan, nakakatuwa ang mga yun."
But they're less likely to stick.,Pero mas mahirap silang ulitin.
"When I gave up sugar for 30 days, day 31 looked like this.","Noong tinigil ko ang asukal sa loob ng 30 araw, ito na ang ika-31 araw."
(Laughter) So here's my question to you: What are you waiting for?,(Tawanan) Kaya ito ang tanong ko sa inyo: Ano pa ang hinihintay mo?
"I guarantee you the next 30 days are going to pass whether you like it or not, so why not think about something you have always wanted to try and give it a shot!","Pinapangako ko na ang susunod na 30 araw ay lilipas din gustuhin mo man o hindi, kaya bakit hindi ka nalang sumubok ng bagay na dati mo pang pinapangarap gawin at pagsikapan"
For the next 30 days.,sa susunod na 30 araw.
Thanks.,Salamat.
(Applause),(Tawanan)
,
We are losing our listening.,Nawawala ang ating pakikinig.
"We spend roughly 60 percent of our communication time listening, but we're not very good at it.","Higit kumulang 60 porsyento ng ating oras sa pakikipag-usap ay nagagamit sa pakikinig, ngunit hindi natin ito pinagbubutihan."
We retain just 25 percent of what we hear.,25 porsyento lang ng ating naririnig ang ating natatandaan.
"Now -- not you, not this talk, but that is generally true.","Hindi naman ikaw, hindi dito, pero madalas ay totoo ito."
(Laughter) Let's define listening as making meaning from sound.,Isalarawan natin ang pakikinig bilang pagbibigay kahulugan sa tunog.
"It's a mental process, and it's a process of extraction.","Ito'y proseso sa utak, at proseso ng paghugot ng kahulugan."
We use some pretty cool techniques to do this.,May mga astig na paraan tayo upang gawin ito. Isa sa kanila ang pagkilala ng mga pattern.
One of them is pattern recognition.,"(Ingay ng mga tao) Kaya, sa isang cocktail party gaya nito,"
"(Crowd noises) So in a cocktail party like this, if I say, ""David, Sara, pay attention"" -- some of you just sat up.","kung sabihin ko, ""David, Sara, makinig kayo,""' ilan sa inyo ang walang kibo."
"We recognize patterns to distinguish noise from signal, and especially our name.","Nakakapansin tayo ng patterns para mahiwalay ang ingay sa signal, at lalong lalo na ang ating pangalan."
Differencing is another technique we use.,Differencing ay isa pang paraan na ginagamit natin.
"If I left this pink noise on for more than a couple of minutes, (Pink noise) you would literally cease to hear it.","Kung sakaling iiwan ko ang pink noise na ito ng ilang minuto, titigil nalang bigla ang pandinig mo. Pinakikinggan natin ang naiiba,"
We listen to differences; we discount sounds that remain the same.,binabawas natin ang mga tunog na hindi nagbabago.
And then there is a whole range of filters.,Mayroon iba't ibang klaseng filter.
These filters take us from all sound down to what we pay attention to.,Nilalakbay tayo ng mga filter na ito mula sa kabuuang ingay tungo sa kung anong pinakikinggan natin.
Most people are entirely unconscious of these filters.,Hindi namamalayan ng karamihan ang mga filter na ito.
"But they actually create our reality in a way, because they tell us what we're paying attention to right now.","Pero, hinuhubog nila ang ating realidad, dahil sinasabi nila sa ating kung ano ang pinapansin natin ngayon."
I'll give you one example of that.,Bibigyan kita ng isang halimbawa:
"Intention is very important in sound, in listening.","Ang intensyon ay napakahalaga sa tunog, sa pakikinig."
"When I married my wife, I promised her I would listen to her every day as if for the first time.","Nung pinakasalan ko ang aking asawa, pinangako kong pakikinggan ko siya araw-araw na para bang unang beses kaming nagkita. Hindi ko naman laging nagagawa iyon."
(Laughter) But it's a great intention to have in a relationship.,(Tawanan) Ngunit napakagandang hangarin iyon sa isang pakikipagrelasyon.
(Laughter) But that's not all.,Hindi lang iyon. Sinasabi din ng tunog ang ating kinalalagyan sa kalawakan at panahon.
"If you close your eyes right now in this room, you're aware of the size of the room from the reverberation and the bouncing of the sound off the surfaces; you're aware of how many people are around you, because of the micro-noises you're receiving.","Kung ipipikit mo ang iyong mga mata sa kuwartong ito, masasabi mo pa ring malaki ang bulwagang ito dahil sa alingawngaw at sa pagbalik ng tunog mula sa mga pader. At alam mo kung gaano karami ang taong nakapaligid sa iyo dahil sa micro-noises na natatanggap mo."
"And sound places us in time as well, because sound always has time embedded in it.","At linulugar din tayo ng tunog sa oras, dahil ang tunog ay laging may oras na nakatatak."
"In fact, I would suggest that our listening is the main way that we experience the flow of time from past to future.","Sa katunayan, tingin ko, ang pakikinig ang pangunahing paraan na nararanasan natin ang paglipas ng panahon mula sa nakaraan hanggang hinaharap."
"So, ""Sonority is time and meaning"" -- a great quote.","Kaya, ""Sonority is time and meaning"" -- napakagandang quote. Sinabi ko kanina, nawawala na ang ating pakikinig."
"I said at the beginning, we're losing our listening.",Paano ko nasabi yun?
Why did I say that?,May maraming dahilan.
"First of all, we invented ways of recording -- first writing, then audio recording and now video recording as well.","Una, naka-imbento tayo ng paraan ng pagrerecord -- una pagsusulat, sumunod audio recording at ngayon video recording."
The premium on accurate and careful listening has simply disappeared.,Ang pagpapahalaga sa eksakto at maingat na pakikinig ay nawala na lang bigla.
"Secondly, the world is now so noisy, (Noise) with this cacophony going on visually and auditorily, it's just hard to listen; it's tiring to listen.","Pangalawa, napaka-ingay na ng mundo, (Ingay) sa ingay nito sa mata at sa tenga, mahirap talagang makinig; nakakapagod makinig."
"Many people take refuge in headphones, but they turn big, public spaces like this, shared soundscapes, into millions of tiny, little personal sound bubbles.","Karamihan sa atin ay nagtatago sa headphones, kaya't ang mga malalaki at pampublikong lugar gaya nito, isang buong soundscape, ay nahahati sa milyun-milyong maliliit na bula."
"In this scenario, nobody's listening to anybody.","Sa ganitong tagpo, walang nakikinig sa kahit kanino."
We're becoming impatient.,"Madali tayong mainip. Ayaw na nating makinig ng mahahabang talumpati,"
We don't want oratory anymore; we want sound bites.,mas gusto natin sound bites.
"And the art of conversation is being replaced -- dangerously, I think -- by personal broadcasting.","At ang sining ng pakikipag-usap ay napapalitan -- mapanganib, sa tingin ko -- ng personal broadcasting."
"I don't know how much listening there is in this conversation, which is sadly very common, especially in the UK.","HIndi ko alam kung gaano karami ang nakikinig sa usapang ito, na karaniwang nangyayari, lalo na sa U.K."
We're becoming desensitized.,Nagiging manhid na tayo.
Our media have to scream at us with these kinds of headlines in order to get our attention.,Kailangan tayong sigawan ng ating media gamit ang mga headline na ito upang sila'y pansinin natin.
"And that means it's harder for us to pay attention to the quiet, the subtle, the understated.","Mas mahirap para sa atin ang makinig sa tahimik, sa pino, sa hindi nababanggit."
This is a serious problem that we're losing our listening.,Malala ang problema ng pagkawala ng ating pakikinig.
"This is not trivial, because listening is our access to understanding.",Hindi ito dapat balewalain. Dahil ang pakikinig ang daan sa pag-unawa.
"Conscious listening always creates understanding, and only without conscious listening can these things happen.",Ang kusang pakikinig ay lumilikha ng pag-unawa. At kung hindi tayo nakikinig ng kusa ito ang nangyayari --
A world where we don't listen to each other at all is a very scary place indeed.,"isang mundo na walang nagkakarinigan, talagang nakakatakot."
"So I'd like to share with you five simple exercises, tools you can take away with you, to improve your own conscious listening.","Kaya gusto kong ibahagi sa inyo ang 5 simpleng ensayo, na maari mong gamitin upang mahasa ang ating pakikinig ng kusa. Gusto mo ba yun?"
Audience: Yes!,(Audience: Oo) Mabuti.
Good. The first one is silence.,Ang una ay katahimikan.
"Just three minutes a day of silence is a wonderful exercise to reset your ears and to recalibrate, so that you can hear the quiet again.","Tatlong minuto lang bawat araw ng katahimikan ay napakagandang ensayo para iakma at timplahin ang iyong tenga upang marinig mo muli ang katahimikan. Kung hindi pwede ang ganap na katahimikan,"
"If you can't get absolute silence, go for quiet, that's absolutely fine.","kahit kaunting katahimikan lang, sapat na."
"Second, I call this ""the mixer.""","Pangalawa, ang tawag ko dito ay mixer."
(Noise) So even if you're in a noisy environment like this -- and we all spend a lot of time in places like this -- listen in the coffee bar to how many channels of sound can I hear?,"(Ingay) Kahit nasa isang maingay kang lugar gaya nito -- at maraming oras tayong nasa maiingay na lugar gaya nito -- halimbawa sa isang kapihan, ilang uri ng tunog ang naririnig mo?"
How many individual channels in that mix am I listening to?,Ilang uri ng tunog ang kusang pinakikinggan mo?
"You can do it in a beautiful place as well, like in a lake.","Maari din itong gawin sa isang magandang lugar, gaya ng sa lawa."
How many birds am I hearing?,Ilang ibon ang naririnig ko?
Where are they? Where are those ripples?,Nasaan sila? Nasaan ang maliliit na alon ng tubig?
It's a great exercise for improving the quality of your listening.,Ito'y mainam upang umangat ang kalidad ng ating pakikinig.
"Third, this exercise I call ""savoring,"" and this is a beautiful exercise.","Pangatlo, tinatawag ko itong savoring, at napakagandang ensayo nito."
It's about enjoying mundane sounds.,Tungkol ito sa paglasap sa pangkaraniwan.
"This, for example, is my tumble dryer.","Ito, halimbawa, ang aking tumble dryer."
"(Dryer) It's a waltz -- one, two, three; one, two, three; one, two, three.","(Dryer) Ito ay waltz. Isa, dalawa, tatlo. Isa, dalawa, tatlo. Isa, dalawa, tatlo."
I love it!,Ang sarap pakinggan.
Or just try this one on for size.,O subukan niyo naman ito.
(Coffee grinder) Wow!,(Coffee grinder) Wow!
"So, mundane sounds can be really interesting -- if you pay attention.","Nakakaaliw ang mga pangkaraniwan, kung papansinin niyo lang. Tinatatawag ko itong nakatagong koro."
"I call that the ""hidden choir"" -- it's around us all the time.",Napapaligiran tayo nito sa lahat ng oras.
"The next exercise is probably the most important of all of these, if you just take one thing away.","Ang susunod na ensayo ang pinakamahalaga sa lahat ng mga ito, kung pipili ka lang ng isa."
This is listening positions -- the idea that you can move your listening position to what's appropriate to what you're listening to.,Ito ang mga uri ng pakikinig -- ang ideya na kaya mong baguhin ang uri ng pakikinig ayon sa nababagay. Ito ang paglalaro ng mga filter mo.
This is playing with those filters.,Naaalala niyo ang binanggit kong mga filter kanina.
Remember I gave you those filters?,"Ito ang paggamit sa kanila bilang lever,"
"It's starting to play with them as levers, to get conscious about them and to move to different places.",at meron tayo nito lagi kahit saan tayo magpunta.
"These are just some of the listening positions, or scales of listening positions, that you can use.","Iilan lang ito sa iba't ibang uri ng pakikinig, o mga antas ng pakikinig, na maari mong gamitin."
There are many.,Marami yan.
Have fun with that. It's very exciting.,Sana masiyahan ka. Nakasisigla.
"And finally, an acronym.","At panghuli, isang acronym."
"You can use this in listening, in communication.","Magagamit mo ito sa pakikinig, sa pakikipag-usap."
"If you're in any one of those roles -- and I think that probably is everybody who's listening to this talk -- the acronym is RASA, which is the Sanskrit word for ""juice"" or ""essence.""","Kung isa ka sa mga ito -- at sa tingin ko, kabilang kayong lahat dito -- ang acronym ay RASA, na salitang Sanskrit para sa katas o katangian."
"And RASA stands for ""Receive,"" which means pay attention to the person; ""Appreciate,"" making little noises like ""hmm,"" ""oh,"" ""OK""; ""Summarize"" -- the word ""so"" is very important in communication; and ""Ask,"" ask questions afterwards.","ang kahulugan ng RASA ay R for Receive (Tumanggap), ibig sabihin ay bigyang pansin ang tao; Appreciate (Pahalagahan), gumawa ng tunog gaya ng ""hmm"", ""oh"", ""okay""; Summarize (Sumahin), napakahalaga ng salitang ""so"" sa pakikipag-usap; at Ask (Magtanong), magtanong pagkatapos."
"Now sound is my passion, it's my life.","Hilig ko ang mga tunog, ito ang buhay ko."
I wrote a whole book about it. So I live to listen.,Nakapagsulat ako ng isang libro tungkol dito. Nabubuhay ako upang makinig.
That's too much to ask for most people.,Mahirap itong hilingin mula sa karamihan.
"But I believe that every human being needs to listen consciously in order to live fully -- connected in space and in time to the physical world around us, connected in understanding to each other, not to mention spiritually connected, because every spiritual path I know of has listening and contemplation at its heart.","Pero naniniwala ako na ang bawat tao ay kailangang makinig ng kusa upang lubusang mabuhay -- nakaugnay sa kalawakan at oras sa pisikal na mundong ginagalawan, nakaugnay sa pag-unawa sa isa't isa, nakaugnay sa ispiritwal na aspeto, dahil ang alam ko, lahat ng ispiritwal na landas ay binubuo ng pakikinig at pagninilay sa puso nito."
That's why we need to teach listening in our schools as a skill.,Iyan ang dahilan kung bakit kailangan nating ituro ang pakikinig sa ating mga paaralan bilang isang kasanayan.
Why is it not taught? It's crazy.,Bakit hindi ito tinuturo? Nakakabaliw.
"And if we can teach listening in our schools, we can take our listening off that slippery slope to that dangerous, scary world that I talked about, and move it to a place where everybody is consciously listening all the time, or at least capable of doing it.","Kung maituturo natin ang pakikinig sa paaralan, maiiwasan natin ang landas tungo sa masalimuot at nakakatakot na mundong naikuwento ko at papunta sa isang mundo kung saan lahat ay kusang nakikinig sa lahat ng oras -- o kahit marunong man lang makinig."
"Now, I don't know how to do that, but this is TED, and I think the TED community is capable of anything.","Ngayon, hindi ko alam kung papano gawin iyon, pero, ito ang TED, at sa tingin ko kaya ng mga taga-TED ang kahit ano."
"So I invite you to connect with me, connect with each other, take this mission out.","Kaya inaanyayahan ko kayong makipag-ugnay sa akin, sa isa't isa, gawing layunin ito at magawang ituro ang pakikinig sa paaralan,"
"And let's get listening taught in schools, and transform the world in one generation to a conscious, listening world -- a world of connection, a world of understanding and a world of peace.","at mabago ang mundo sa henerasyong ito, tungo sa isang mundong nakikinig ng kusa -- isang mundo naka-ugnay, isang mundo nakakaunawa at payapa."
Thank you for listening to me today.,Maraming salamat sa inyong pakikinig ngayon.
(Applause),(Palakpakan)
,
Meet Tony. He's my student.,Kilalanin natin si Tony. Mag-aaral ko siya.
"He's about my age, and he's in San Quentin State Prison.","Kasing edad ko siya, at siya ay nasa San Quentin State Prison."
"When Tony was 16 years old, one day, one moment, ""It was mom's gun.","Nang si Tony ay labing-anim na taong gulang, isang araw, sa isang kisapmata, ""Kasalanan ito ng baril ni inay."
"Just flash it, scare the guy. He's a punk.","Ilabas mo lang, bilang panakot."
He took some money; we'll take his money. That'll teach him.,Maangas eh. Kumuha siya ng pera; kukunin din natin ang pera niya.
"Then last minute, I'm thinking, 'Can't do this. This is wrong.' My buddy says, 'C'mon, let's do this.' I say, 'Let's do this.'"" And those three words, Tony's going to remember, because the next thing he knows, he hears the pop.","Tuturuan natin siya ng leksyon. At sa mga huling sandali, sumagi sa isip ko, 'Hindi ko 'to pwedeng gawin. Mali ito.' Sabi ng utol ko, 'Tara na, gawin na natin 'to'. Sumagot ako, 'Gawin na natin.'"" At ang tatlong salitang iyon, hindi malilimutan ni Tony, dahil sa isang iglap, nakarinig siya ng isang putok."
"There's the punk on the ground, puddle of blood.","Nakahandusay sa sahig ang mama, dumanak ang dugo."
"And that's felony murder -- 25 to life, parole at 50 if you're lucky, and Tony's not feeling very lucky.","'Yon ay mabigat na krimen -- 25 hanggang habambuhay, parole sa edad na 50 kung suswertehin, at hindi maramdaman ni Tony ang sinasabing suwerte."
"So when we meet in my philosophy class in his prison and I say, ""In this class, we will discuss the foundations of ethics,"" Tony interrupts me.","Kaya noong kami'y nagkita sa aking klase sa pilosopiya sa loob ng kanyang bilangguan at sinabi ko, ""Sa klaseng ito, tatalakayin natin ang pundasyon ng etika,"" Sumabat si Tony."
"""What are you going to teach me about right and wrong?","""Anong ituturo mo sakin tungkol sa tama at mali?"
I know what is wrong. I have done wrong.,Alam ko kung ano ang mali. Nakagawa ako ng mali.
"I am told every day, by every face I see, every wall I face, that I am wrong.","Pinapaalala sa akin araw-araw, ng bawat mukhang makikita, bawat pader, ako ay mali."
"If I ever get out of here, there will always be a mark by my name.","Kung makaalis man ako dito, may dungis na sa aking pangalan."
"I'm a convict; I am branded 'wrong.' What are you going to tell me about right and wrong?""","Isa akong convict; hinatulang 'nagkamali.' Anong ituturo mo sakin tungkol sa tama at mali?"""
"So I say to Tony, ""Sorry, but it's worse than you think.","Sinabi ko kay Tony, ""Patawad, ngunit mas malala ito kaysa sa inaasahan mo."
You think you know right and wrong?,Sa tingin mo alam mo kung ano ang tama at mali?
Then can you tell me what wrong is?,"Sige, kaya mo bang sabihin kung ano ang mali?"
"No, don't just give me an example.",Huwag mo akong bigyan ng halimbawa.
"I want to know about wrongness itself, the idea of wrong.","Gusto kong malaman ang pagiging mali, ang konsepto ng mali."
What is that idea?,Ano ba ang konseptong 'yon?
What makes something wrong?,Ano ang nagpapamali sa isang bagay?
How do we know that it's wrong? Maybe you and I disagree.,Paano natin nalalaman na ito ay mali? Marahil ikaw at ako ay hindi magkasundo.
Maybe one of us is wrong about the wrong.,Marahil ang isa sa atin ay mali sa inaakala nating mali.
"Maybe it's you, maybe it's me -- but we're not here to trade opinions; everyone's got an opinion.","Marahil ikaw, marahil ako -- pero hindi ito ang panahon ng kuro-kuro; lahat ay may kuro-kuro."
We are here for knowledge.,Andito tayo para sa karunungan.
"Our enemy is thoughtlessness. This is philosophy.""",Ang kaaway natin ay ang kawalang-laman ng isip.
And something changes for Tony.,"Ganito ang pilosopiya."" At may nagbago kay Tony."
"""Could be I'm wrong. I'm tired of being wrong.","""Maaring mali ako. Pagod na ako sa pagiging mali."
I want to know what is wrong.,Gusto kong malaman kung ano ang mali.
"I want to know what I know.""","Gusto kong alamin ang aking nalalaman."""
"What Tony sees in that moment is the project of philosophy, the project that begins in wonder -- what Kant called ""admiration and awe at the starry sky above and the moral law within.""","Ang nakita ni Tony sa sandaling iyon ay ang layunin ng pilosopiya, ang layuning nagsisimula sa pagkamangha -- na tinawag ni Kant na pagkahumaling at paghanga sa mga bituin sa langit at sa batas moral sa kalooban natin."""
What can creatures like us know of such things?,Ano nga ba ang alam natin sa ganitong mga bagay?
"It is the project that always takes us back to the condition of existence -- what Heidegger called ""the always already there.""","Ito ang layuning hinuhugot ang kakanyahan ng buhay -- na tinawag ni Heidegger bilang ""ang bagay na palaging nariwan."""
"It is the project of questioning what we believe and why we believe it -- what Socrates called ""the examined life.""","Ito ang layuning pagtatanong sa pinaniniwalaan natin at kung bakit natin ito pinaniniwalaan -- na tinawag ni Sokrates bilang ""ang buhay na siniyasat."""
"Socrates, a man wise enough to know that he knows nothing.","Si Sokrates, napakatalino upang malaman na wala siyang alam."
"Socrates died in prison, his philosophy intact.","Namatay si Sokrates sa loob ng kulungan, buo ang paniniwala."
So Tony starts doing his homework.,Kaya sinimulan ni Tony ang kanyang takdang-aralin.
"He learns his whys and wherefores, his causes and correlations, his logic, his fallacies.","Natutunan niya ang kanyang mga bakit at mga dahilan, mga sanhi at mga ugnayan ang lohika, at kasinungalingan."
"Turns out, Tony's got the philosophy muscle.","Nagkataon, si Tony pala ay may dugong pilosopo."
"His body is in prison, but his mind is free.","Nasa bilangguan ang kanyang katawan, ngunit malaya ang kanyang kaisipan."
"Tony learns about the ontologically promiscuous, the epistemologically anxious, the ethically dubious, the metaphysically ridiculous.","Natutunan ni Tony ang mga bagay na ""ontologically promiscuous,"" ""epistemologically anxious,"" ""ethically dubious,"" at ""metaphysically ridiculous."""
"That's Plato, Descartes, Nietzsche and Bill Clinton.","'Yan sila Plato, Descartes, Nietzsche at Bill Clinton."
"So when he gives me his final paper, in which he argues that the categorical imperative is perhaps too uncompromising to deal with the conflict that affects our everyday and challenges me to tell him whether therefore we are condemned to moral failure, I say, ""I don't know.","Kaya nang iniabot niya ang kanyang panghuling proyekto, kung saan iginiit niya na ang ""categorical imperative"" ay napakahirap baguhin upang solusyunan ang pang-araw-araw na suliranin at hinamon ako upang sabihin sa kanya na wala tayong magagawa kundi ang magkamali, sabi ko, ""Hindi ko alam."
"Let us think about that.""","Pag-isipan natin 'yan."""
"Because in that moment, there's no mark by Tony's name; it's just the two of us standing there.","Dahil sa pagkakataong iyon, walang dungis ang pangalan ni Tony; kaming dalawa lang ang nakatayo doon."
"It is not professor and convict, it is just two minds ready to do philosophy.","Hindi bilang guro at bilanggo, kundi dalawang utak na handang mamilosopo."
"And I say to Tony, ""Let's do this.""","At sinabi ko kay Tony, ""Gawin natin 'to."""
Thank you.,Salamat.
(Applause),(Palakpakan)
,
The Value of Nothing: Out of Nothing Comes Something.,"Ang halaga ng wala: mula sa wala, sumisibol ang isang bagay."
"That was an essay I wrote when I was 11 years old and I got a B+. (Laughter) What I'm going to talk about: nothing out of something, and how we create.","Isang sanaysay ito na sinulat ko noong ako'y 11ng taong gulang at ang nakuha ko ay B+ (Tawanan) Ang tatalakayin ko: wala mula sa mayroon, at kung paano tayo lumilikha."
"And I'm gonna try and do that within the 18-minute time span that we were told to stay within, and to follow the TED commandments: that is, actually, something that creates a near-death experience, but near-death is good for creativity.","At susubukin kong gawin ito so loob ng 18-minuto na pataan sa atin, at sundin ang ""the TED commandments"": kung baga'y, ang totoo'y, isang bagay na lumilikha ng karanasang bingit-sa-kamatayan, pero ang bingit-sa-kamatayan ay mabuti sa pagkamalikhain."
(Laughter) OK.,(Tawanan) OK.
"So, I also want to explain, because Dave Eggers said he was going to heckle me if I said anything that was a lie, or not true to universal creativity.","Kaya, gusto ko ring ipaliwanag, dahil sinabi ni Dave Eggers na bubuligligin niya ako kung may sasabihin akong isang kasinungalingan, o hindi totoo tungkol sa unibersal na pagkamalikhain"
"And I've done it this way for half the audience, who is scientific.","At nagawa ko ito sa ganitong paraan para sa kalahati ng naririto, na siyentipiko."
"When I say we, I don't mean you, necessarily; I mean me, and my right brain, my left brain and the one that's in between that is the censor and tells me what I'm saying is wrong.","Kapag sinasabi kong tayo, hindi ko ibig tukuying kayo nga. Ang ibig kong sabihin ay ako, at ang kanan kong utak, ang kaliwa kong utak, at ang nakapagitan na siyang tagasulit at nagsasabi sa akin na ang sinasabi ko ay mali."
"And I'm going do that also by looking at what I think is part of my creative process, which includes a number of things that happened, actually -- the nothing started even earlier than the moment in which I'm creating something new.","At gagawin ko iyan na tumitingin din sa ipinapalagay ko na bahagi ng aking pamamaraan sa paglikha, na binubuo ng ilang bagay na nangyari, ang totoo – ang wala ay nagsimula nang mas nauna pa sa sandali ng paglikha ko ng isang bagay na bago."
"And that includes nature, and nurture, and what I refer to as nightmares.","Kasama na rito ang kalikasan, at pag-aaruga at ang tinutukoy ko na mga bangungot."
"Now in the nature area, we look at whether or not we are innately equipped with something, perhaps in our brains, some abnormal chromosome that causes this muse-like effect.","Ngayon sa larang ng kalikasan, tinitingnan natin kung totoo o hindi na mayroon tayong likas na kung ano, baka sa ating utak, may di-pangkaraniwang chromosome na siyang sanhi ng mala-musang epekto."
And some people would say that we're born with it in some other means.,"May mga taong magsasabi na ipinanganak tayong mayroon nito,"
"And others, like my mother, would say that I get my material from past lives.","at ang iba, tulad ng ina ko, ay magsasabi na nakukuha ko ang mga materyal ko sa nangakaraang buhay."
"Some people would also say that creativity may be a function of some other neurological quirk -- van Gogh syndrome -- that you have a little bit of, you know, psychosis, or depression.","May mga tao rin na magsasabi na ang pagkamalikhain ay maaaring dala ng kapansanang neurological -- syndrome ni van Gogh -- na mayroon ka kahit kapiraso, alam mo na, psychosis, o depression."
"I do have to say, somebody -- I read recently that van Gogh wasn't really necessarily psychotic, that he might have had temporal lobe seizures, and that might have caused his spurt of creativity, and I don't -- I suppose it does something in some part of your brain.","Dapat kong sabihin, may isang tao – nabasa ko kamakailan lang na baka hindi naman talagang psychotic si van Gogh, na mayroon siyang temporal lobe seizures, at maaaring siyang sanhi ng bugso ng pagkamalikhain, at hindi ko – siguro ikako may epekto iyon sa isang parte ng iyong utak."
"And I will mention that I actually developed temporal lobe seizures a number of years ago, but it was during the time I was writing my last book, and some people say that book is quite different.","At gusto ko ring banggitin na ang totoo'y nagkaroon ako ng temporal lobe seizures ilang taon na ang nararaan, pero iyon ay noong sinusulat ko ang huli kong libro, at may ilang nagsasabi na ang librong iyon ay talagang naiiba."
"I think that part of it also begins with a sense of identity crisis: you know, who am I, why am I this particular person, why am I not black like everybody else?","Palagay ko'y may bahagi ito na nagsisimula sa nararamdamang identity crisis: alam mo na, sino ako, bakit ako ay itong partikular na taong ito, bakit hindi ako itim na tulad ng lahat?"
"And sometimes you're equipped with skills, but they may not be the kind of skills that enable creativity.",At kung minsa'y mayroon kang mga kasanayan pero hindi sila ang uri ng kasanayan na nakapagbibigay ng pagkamalikhain.
I used to draw. I thought I would be an artist.,Dati'y nagdo-drowing ako. Akala ko'y magiging pintor ako.
And I had a miniature poodle.,At mayroon akong isang munting poodle.
"And it wasn't bad, but it wasn't really creative.","At okey naman din siya, pero hindi talagang malikhain."
Because all I could really do was represent in a very one-on-one way.,Dahil sa ang nagagawa ko lang ay maglarawan sa isang paraang isa-sa-isa.
And I have a sense that I probably copied this from a book.,At may pakiramdam ako na maaaring kinopya ko ito sa isang libro.
"And then, I also wasn't really shining in a certain area that I wanted to be, and you know, you look at those scores, and it wasn't bad, but it was not certainly predictive that I would one day make my living out of the artful arrangement of words.","At saka hindi rin ako sumisikat sa isa pang gawaing gusto ko, at alam mo na, titingnan mo ang mga marka, at hindi naman masama, pero walang sinasabi kung isang araw ay mabubuhay ako sa makasining na pag-aayos ng mga salita."
"Also, one of the principles of creativity is to have a little childhood trauma.","Isa pa, isa sa mga prinsipyo ng pagkamalikhain ay ang magkaroon ng konting childhood trauma."
"And I had the usual kind that I think a lot of people had, and that is that, you know, I had expectations placed on me.","At naranasan ko ang karaniwang uri na naranasan ng maraming tao, at ito ang, alam mo na, mga inaasahan sa akin."
"That figure right there, by the way, figure right there was a toy given to me when I was but nine years old, and it was to help me become a doctor from a very early age.","Ang pigurang iyon, mabanggit ko, ang pigurang iyon ay isang laruang ibinigay sa akin noong ako'y siyam na taon pa lang, at ito ay para tulungan akong maging doktor nang bata pa."
"I have some ones that were long lasting: from the age of five to 15, this was supposed to be my side occupation, and it led to a sense of failure.","Mayroon akong ilan na matagal ang inabot: mula sa limang anyos hanggang sa 15, ito ay para maging sideline ko, at humantong ito sa kasiphayuan."
"But actually, there was something quite real in my life that happened when I was about 14.",Pero ang totoo'y mayroong isang bagay na totoong may realidad sa aking buhay na nangyari noong ako ay mga 14.
"And it was discovered that my brother, in 1967, and then my father, six months later, had brain tumors.","At ito'y natuklasan na ang kapatid kong lalaki, noong 1967, at sumunod ang aking ama, pagkaraan ng anim na buwan, ay mayroon tumor sa utak."
"And my mother believed that something had gone wrong, and she was gonna find out what it was, and she was gonna fix it.","Ang paniwala ng nanay ko ay may hindi mabuting nangyari, at tutuklasin niya kung ano iyon."
"My father was a Baptist minister, and he believed in miracles, and that God's will would take care of that.","At aayusin niya. Isang ministrong Baptist ang ama ko, at naniniwala siya sa milagro, at ang kagustuhan ng Diyos ay ang mag-aalaga doon."
"But, of course, they ended up dying, six months apart.","Pero namatay din sila, anim na buwan ang pagitan."
"And after that, my mother believed that it was fate, or curses -- she went looking through all the reasons in the universe why this would have happened.","At pagkatapos noon, naniwala ang ina ko na kapalaran iyon, o mga sumpa – ginalugad ang buong mundo para sa dahilan kung bakit kailangang mangyari ito."
Everything except randomness. She did not believe in randomness.,Lahat liban sa ala-suwerte. Hindi siya naniniwala sa ala-suwerte.
There was a reason for everything.,May dahilan ang lahat.
"And one of the reasons, she thought, was that her mother, who had died when she was very young, was angry at her.","At isa sa mga dahilan, sa isip niya, ay dahil sa ang kayang ina, na namatay noong bata pa siya, ay galit sa kanya."
"And so, I had this notion of death all around me, because my mother also believed that I would be next, and she would be next.","Kaya't nasa aking isip ang kamatayan ng lahat ng nasa paligid ko dahil sa ang ina ko ay naniniwala na ako ang susunod, at siya ang susunod."
"And when you are faced with the prospect of death very soon, you begin to think very much about everything.","At kapag napaharap ka sa posibilidad ng nalalapit na kamatayan, sinisimulan mong pag-isipan ang lahat."
"You become very creative, in a survival sense.","Nagiging malikhain ka, para mabuhay."
"And this, then, led to my big questions.","At ito, kung gayon, ang nagbunsod sa malalaking tanong."
And they're the same ones that I have today.,Ito ang mga tanong na nasa harap ko ngayon.
"And they are: why do things happen, and how do things happen?","Tulad ng: Bakit nangyayari ang mga pangyayari, at paano nangyayari ang mga pangyayari?"
And the one my mother asked: how do I make things happen?,At ang itinanong ng aking ina: Paano ako makagagawa ng mga pangyayari?
"It's a wonderful way to look at these questions, when you write a story.","Isang magandang paraan ng pagtingin sa mga tanong na ito, kapag sumusulat ka ng kuwento."
"Because, after all, in that framework, between page one and 300, you have to answer this question of why things happen, how things happen, in what order they happen. What are the influences?","Sapagka't sa kabila ng lahat, sa gayong framework, sa pagitan ng unang pahina at 300, sasagutin mo ang tanong kung bakit at paano nangyayari ang mga pangyayari, ang sunuran ng mga pangyayari. Ano ang mga impluwensya?"
"How do I, as the narrator, as the writer, also influence that?","Paano ako, bilang siyang tagapagsalaysay, bilang siyang manunulat, nakakaimpluwensya (sa mga pangyayari)?"
"And it's also one that, I think, many of our scientists have been asking.",At isa ring ito sa mga tanong ng marami sa ating mga syentipiko.
"It's a kind of cosmology, and I have to develop a cosmology of my own universe, as the creator of that universe.","Isang uri ng cosmology, at kailangang kong humubog ng cosmology ng aking sariling sansinukob [universe], bilang manlilikha ng nasabing sansinukob."
"And you see, there's a lot of back and forth in trying to make that happen, trying to figure it out -- years and years, oftentimes.","At makikita mo, maraming urong at sulong sa pagtatangkang maisakatuparan, masuri – magbibilang ng maraming taon, kadalasan."
"So, when I look at creativity, I also think that it is this sense or this inability to repress, my looking at associations in practically anything in life.","Kaya't kapag tinitingnan ko ang pagkamalikhain, naiisip ko rin na ito ay ang di-kakayahang pigilin ko ang paghanap ko ng mga ugnayan sa halos kahit anong bagay sa buhay."
"And I got a lot of them during what's been going on throughout this conference, almost everything that's been going on.","At marami akong napulot sa mga nangyayari dito ngayon sa buong konperensya, sa halos lahat ng nagaganap."
"And so I'm going to use, as the metaphor, this association: quantum mechanics, which I really don't understand, but I'm still gonna use it as the process for explaining how it is the metaphor.","Kung kaya, gagamitin ko, bilang metapora, ang ugnayang ito: ang quantum mechanics, na hindi ko talagang naiintindihan, pero gagamitin ko pa rin ito bilang isang paraan para ipaliwanag kung bakit ito ang metapora."
"So, in quantum mechanics, of course, you have dark energy and dark matter.","Sa quantum mechanics, gaya ng alam na natin, mayroon dark energy at dark matter."
And it's the same thing in looking at these questions of how things happen.,Katulad din ito ng pagtingin sa tanong kung bakit nangyayari ang mga pangyayari.
"There's a lot of unknown, and you often don't know what it is except by its absence.","Maraming hindi alam, at madalas ay hindi mo alam kung ano ito liban na lang ang kawalan nito."
"But when you make those associations, you want them to come together in a kind of synergy in the story, and what you're finding is what matters. The meaning.","Pero kapag binuo mo ang mga ugnayan, gusto mong magkatugma sila sa isang uri ng synergy sa kuwento, at ang nakikita mo ang may katuturan."
"And that's what I look for in my work, a personal meaning.","Ang kahulugan. Ito ang hinahanap ko sa aking mga gawa, isang pansariling kahulugan."
"There is also the uncertainty principle, which is part of quantum mechanics, as I understand it. (Laughter) And this happens constantly in the writing.","Nariyan din ang uncertainty principle, na bahagi ng quantum mechanics, sa pagkakaintindi ko. (Tawanan) At patuloy itong nangyayari sa pagsulat."
"And there's the terrible and dreaded observer effect, in which you're looking for something, and you know, things are happening simultaneously, and you're looking at it in a different way, and you're trying to really look for the about-ness, or what is this story about. And if you try too hard, then you will only write the about.","At nariyan ang terible at kinatatakutang observer effect, na kung ano'y sinusuri mo ang isang bagay, at alam mo na, sabay-sabay na nangyayari ang mga bagay, at tinitingnan mo ito sa kakaibang paraan, at talagang pinipilit mong makita ang ka-""tungkol""-an. O kung tungkol saan ang kuwento. At kung sobra ang pagpipilit mo, masusulat mo lang ang tungkol."
You won't discover anything.,Hindi ka makakatuklas ng kahit ano.
"And what you were supposed to find, what you hoped to find in some serendipitous way, is no longer there.","Ang dapat sanang matagpuan mo, ang inaasahan mong matagpuan, sa isang mala-suwerteng paraan, ay wala na doon."
"Now, I don't want to ignore the other side of what happens in our universe, like many of our scientists have.","Ngayon, hindi ko naman gustong hindi-pansinin ang kabila ng mga pangyayari sa ating universe. tulad ng marami sa ating mga siyentipiko."
"And so, I am going to just throw in string theory here, and just say that creative people are multidimensional, and there are 11 levels, I think, of anxiety.","Kung kaya't gusto ko rin isama rito ang string theory, at sabihin na lang na ang mga taong malikhain ay multi-dimensional, at mayroon labing-isang antas, sa isip ko, ng kagulumihaman."
(Laughter) And they all operate at the same time.,(Tawanan) At nangyayari sila nang sabay-saby.
There is also a big question of ambiguity.,Nariyan din ang malaking tanong tungkol sa alinlangan [ambiguity].
And I would link that to something called the cosmological constant.,At iuugnay ko ito sa tinatawag na cosmological constant.
"And you don't know what is operating, but something is operating there.","Hindi mo alam kung ano ang nangyayari doon, pero may nangyayari doon."
"And ambiguity, to me, is very uncomfortable in my life, and I have it. Moral ambiguity.","At ang alinlangan, para sa akin, ay napaka-di-komportable sa aking buhay, at taglay ko ito. Alinlangang moralidad."
"It is constantly there. And, just as an example, this is one that recently came to me.","Laging naroroon ito. At isang halimbawa na lang, isa itong kailan lang ay dumating sa akin."
"It was something I read in an editorial by a woman who was talking about the war in Iraq. And she said, ""Save a man from drowning, you are responsible to him for life.""","Isang bagay ito na nabasa ko na editoryal ng isang babae tungkol sa giyera sa Iraq. Sinabi niya, ""Iligtas mo ang isang tao sa pagkalunod, mananagot ka sa kanya sa buong buhay."""
"A very famous Chinese saying, she said.","Isang tanyag na kasabihan sa Tsino, sabi niya."
"And that means because we went into Iraq, we should stay there until things were solved. You know, maybe even 100 years.","At ang ibig sabihin nito dahil sa nagpunta tayo sa Iraq, dapat tayong manatili doon hanggang sa malutas ang mga bagay-bagay. Alam mo na, kahit baka mga 100ng taon."
"So, there was another one that I came across, and it's ""saving fish from drowning.""","Meron pang isang nadaanan ko at ito ang ""iligtas ang mga isda sa pagkalunod."""
"And it's what Buddhist fishermen say, because they're not supposed to kill anything.","Ito ang sinasabi ng mga mangingisdang Buddhist, dahil sa hindi sila dapat pumatay ng kahit ano."
"And they also have to make a living, and people need to be fed.","Kailangan din nilang mabuhay, at ang mga tao ay kailangang kumain."
"So their way of rationalizing that is they are saving the fish from drowning, and unfortunately, in the process the fish die.","Kung kaya ang pangngangatwiran nila ay iligtas ang mga isda sa pagkalunod. at sa kasawiang-palad, habang inililigtas sa pagkalunod, namamatay ang mga isda."
"Now, what's encapsulated in both these drowning metaphors -- actually, one of them is my mother's interpretation, and it is a famous Chinese saying, because she said it to me: ""save a man from drowning, you are responsible to him for life.""","Ngayon ano ang nakatiim sa dalawang talinghaga sa pagkalunod – ang totoo, isa sa kanila ay interpretasyon ng aking ina, at isang tanyag na kasabihan ito sa Tsino dahil sa sinabi niya ito sa akin: ""Iligtas mo ang isang tao sa pagkalunod, mananagot ka sa kanya sa buong buhay."""
"And it was a warning -- don't get involved in other people's business, or you're going to get stuck.","At ito ay isang babala – huwag kang makisangkot sa buhay ng iba, o baka ka lang maipit."
"OK. I think if somebody really was drowning, she'd save them.","OK. Kung talagang may nalulunod, ililigtas niya siya."
"But, both of these sayings -- saving a fish from drowning, or saving a man from drowning -- to me they had to do with intentions.","Pero ang mga kasabihang ito, iligtas ang isda sa pagkalunod, o iligtas ang isang tao sa pagkalunod, sa akin ay may kinalaman sila sa intensyon."
"And all of us in life, when we see a situation, we have a response.","At lahat ng tao, kapag nakakita tayo ng isang sitwasyon, mayoon tayong gagawin."
And then we have intentions.,At mayroon tayong mga intensyon.
"There's an ambiguity of what that should be that we should do, and then we do something.","May alinlangan kung ano nga iyon na dapat nating gawin, at pagkatapos ay ginagawa nga natin ito."
And the results of that may not match what our intentions had been.,At ang resulta ay maaaring hindi tugma sa ating intensyon.
"Maybe things go wrong. And so, after that, what are our responsibilities?","Siguro may masamang pangyayari. Kaya, pagkatapos noon, ano ang ating mga responsibilidad?"
What are we supposed to do?,Ano ang dapat nating gawin?
"Do we stay in for life, or do we do something else and justify and say, well, my intentions were good, and therefore I cannot be held responsible for all of it?","Mananatili ba tayo habang buhay, o babaling tayo sa ibang bagay at mangangatwiran at sasabihing mabuti ang ating intensyon, kaya hindi ako masasabing mananagot sa lahat?"
"That is the ambiguity in my life that really disturbed me, and led me to write a book called ""Saving Fish From Drowning.""","Ito ang alinlangan sa aking buhay na gumulo sa aking isip, at siyang nagsulong sa akin na sulatin ang librong ""Saving Fish From Drowning."""
"I saw examples of that. Once I identified this question, it was all over the place.","Nakakita ako ng maraming halimbawa, nang luminaw sa aking isip ang tanong."
I got these hints everywhere.,Ang dami sa ating paligid. Nakakuha ako ng mga higing sa lahat ng bagay.
"And then, in a way, I knew that they had always been there.","Kung sa bagay, alam ko na lagi silang naroroon."
"And then writing, that's what happens. I get these hints, these clues, and I realize that they've been obvious, and yet they have not been.","At ang pagsulat, ito ang nangyayari. Nakakukuha ako ng mga higing, ng mga pahaging, at naliho ko na madali silang mapansin, pero hindi rin."
"And what I need, in effect, is a focus.","At ang kailangan ko, sa katuusan, ay pokus."
"And when I have the question, it is a focus.","At nang makuha ko ang tanong, ito ay pokus."
"And all these things that seem to be flotsam and jetsam in life actually go through that question, and what happens is those particular things become relevant.","At lahat ng mga bagay na ito na parang mga bagay na itinapong kuyagot sa buhay ay dumaraan sa tanong na iyon, at ang nangyayari ay ang mga bagay na iyon ay may kaugnayan."
And it seems like it's happening all the time.,At parang laging nangyayari ito.
"You think there's a sort of coincidence going on, a serendipity, in which you're getting all this help from the universe.","Iisipin mong nagkakataon lang, isang serendipity, na kung saa'y nakakakuha ka ng tulong mula sa sangkalawakan."
And it may also be explained that now you have a focus.,At maaari ring ipaliwanag ngayon at may pocus ka na.
And you are noticing it more often.,At napapansin mo ito lagi.
But you apply this.,Pero ginagawa mo ito.
You begin to look at things having to do with your tensions.,"Nagsisimula kang tumingin sa mga bagay na may kaugnayan sa kabanatan ""tension""."
"Your brother, who's fallen in trouble, do you take care of him?","Ang kapatid mo, na napasok sa gulo, aalaagan mo ba siya?"
Why or why not?,Bakit o bakit hindi?
"It may be something that is perhaps more serious -- as I said, human rights in Burma.","Maaaring ito ay isang bagay na totoong seryoso. – gaya ng sinabi ko, karapatan ng tao sa Burma."
"I was thinking that I shouldn't go because somebody said, if I did, it would show that I approved of the military regime there.","Iniisip ko na hindi ako dapat pumunta dahil sa may nagsabi na kung gagawin ko iyon, lilitaw na pumapayag ako sa rehimong militar doon."
"And then, after a while, I had to ask myself, ""Why do we take on knowledge, why do we take on assumptions that other people have given us?""","Di naglaon, tinanong ko ang aking sarili, ""Bakit natin tinatanggap ang kaalaman, bakit natin tinatanggap ang mga palagay na ibinibigay ng ibang tao sa atin?"""
"And it was the same thing that I felt when I was growing up, and was hearing these rules of moral conduct from my father, who was a Baptist minister.","Katulad din ito ng naramdaman ko nang lumalaki ako, nang naririnig ko ang mga tuntuning ng gawang moral mula sa aking ama, na isang ministrong Baptist."
"So I decided that I would go to Burma for my own intentions, and still didn't know that if I went there, what the result of that would be, if I wrote a book -- and I just would have to face that later, when the time came.","Kaya ipinasiya kong pumunta sa Burma bilang sariling intensyon, at hindi ko pa rin alam na kung pumunta ako doon, ano ang resulta niyon kung susulat ako ng libro – at saka ko na lang haharapin iyon, pagdating ng panahon."
We are all concerned with things that we see in the world that we are aware of.,Lahat tayo ay nag-aalaala sa mga bagay na nakikita natin sa mundo.
"We come to this point and say, what do I as an individual do?","Dumarating tayo sa puntong ito at sasabihin, ano bilang isang indibidwal ang ginagawa ko?"
"Not all of us can go to Africa, or work at hospitals, so what do we do, if we have this moral response, this feeling?","Hindi lahat sa atin ay makapupunta sa Africa, o magkapagtatrabaho sa mga ospital, kaya ano ang gagawin natin kung mayroon tayong kasagutang moral, ang damdaming ito?"
"Also, I think one of the biggest things we are all looking at, and we talked about today, is genocide.","Isa pa, sa aking palagay isa sa malalaking bagay na tinitingnan natin, at pinag-usapan natin ngayon, ay genocide."
This leads to this question.,"Na tumutungo sa tanong,"
"When I look at all these things that are morally ambiguous and uncomfortable, and I consider what my intentions should be, I realize it goes back to this identity question that I had when I was a child -- and why am I here, and what is the meaning of my life, and what is my place in the universe?","kapag tintingnan ko ang mga bagay na ito na alinlangan ang moralidad at di-komportable, at iniisip ko ang dapat kong mga intensyon, naliliho ko na bumabalik sa tanong identidad noong bata pa ako – at bakit ako naririto, at ano ang kahulugan ng aking buhay, at ano ang lugar ko sa sangkalawakan?"
"It seems so obvious, and yet it is not.","Parang lantad, pero hindi."
"We all hate moral ambiguity in some sense, and yet it is also absolutely necessary.","Muhi tayo lahat sa alinlangang moralidad sa isang pag-iisip, pero kailangang-kailangan din ito."
"In writing a story, it is the place where I begin.","Sa pagsulat ng isang kuwento, ito ang lugar na pinagsisimulan ko."
"Sometimes I get help from the universe, it seems.",Kung minsan'y parang nakakakuha ako ng tulong mula sa sangkalawakan.
"My mother would say it was the ghost of my grandmother from the very first book, because it seemed I knew things I was not supposed to know.","Sasabihin ng ina ko na ito ang multo ng aking lola mula pa sa kauna-unahang libro, dahil sa parang may mga alam ako na hindi ko dapat na alam."
"Instead of writing that the grandmother died accidentally, from an overdose of opium, while having too much of a good time, I actually put down in the story that the woman killed herself, and that actually was the way it happened.","Sa halip na isulat na ang lola ko ay aksidenteng namatay, mula sa sobrang opium habang nagpapasasa sa magandang buhay, isinulat ko sa kuwento na nagpakamatay siya, at gayon nga ang tunay na nangyari."
And my mother decided that that information must have come from my grandmother.,Ipinasiya ng aking ina na ang impormasyon ay galing sa aking lola.
"There are also things, quite uncanny, which bring me information that will help me in the writing of the book.","May mga bagay pa, totoong di-kapani-paniwala, na nagdadala ng impormasyon na tumutulong sa akin sa pagsulat ng libro."
"In this case, I was writing a story that included some kind of detail, period of history, a certain location.","Sa halimbawang ito, sumusulat ako ng kuwento na may isang uri ng detalye, isang panahon sa kasaysayan, isang lokasyon."
And I needed to find something historically that would match that.,At kinailangan kong makakita ng isang makasaysayang katumbas.
"And I took down this book, and I -- first page that I flipped it to was exactly the setting, and the time period, and the kind of character I needed -- was the Taiping rebellion, happening in the area near Guilin, outside of that, and a character who thought he was the son of God.","Kinuha ko ang isang libro, at ako'y – ang unang pahina na nabuksan ko ay siyang-siyang tagpo, at ang panahon. At ang tauhang kinakailangan ko ay ang himagsikang Taiping, na nangyari sa isang lugar na malapit sa Qualin, sa may labas nito, at isang tauhan na nag-akalang siya'y anak ng Diyos."
"You wonder, are these things random chance?","Maitatanong mo, nagkataon lang kaya ang mga pangyayaring ito?"
"Well, what is random? What is chance? What is luck?","E, ano ang ala-suwerte? Ano ang nagkataon?"
What are things that you get from the universe that you can't really explain?,Ano ang suwerte? Anong mga bagay ang nakukuha mo sa sangkalawakan na hindi mo talagang maipapaliwanag?
"And that goes into the story, too.",Kasama rin iyan sa kuwento.
These are the things I constantly think about from day to day.,May mga bagay na lagi kong iniisip araw-araw.
"Especially when good things happen, and, in particular, when bad things happen.","Lalo na kung may mga mabubuting bagay na nangyayari, at lalung-lalo na kung may masasamang bagay na nangyayari."
"But I do think there's a kind of serendipity, and I do want to know what those elements are, so I can thank them, and also try to find them in my life.","Pero hindi ko iniisip na mayroong serendipity dito, at gusto ko talagang malaman kung ano ang mga elementong iyon, para mapasalamatan ko sila, at isa pa'y mahanap ko sila sa aking buhay."
"Because, again, I think that when I am aware of them, more of them happen.","Sapagka't, minsan pa, iniisip ko na kung damdam ko sila, lalo pang madalas mangyayari."
"Another chance encounter is when I went to a place -- I just was with some friends, and we drove randomly to a different place, and we ended up in this non-tourist location, a beautiful village, pristine.","Isa pang nagkataon pangyayari ay nang pumunta ako sa isang lugar – kasama ko lang ang ilang kaibigan, at nag-drive kami sa kung saan-saan at sa iba't ibang lugar, at humantong kami sa isang lugar na hindi pangturista, isang magandang nayon, hindi pa nasasaling."
"And we walked three valleys beyond, and the third valley, there was something quite mysterious and ominous, a discomfort I felt. And then I knew that had to be [the] setting of my book.","At lumakad kami hanggang sa tatlong lambak [valley], at sa pangatlong lambak, mayroon parang mahiwaga at nagbabanta ng masama, isang di-mabuting pakiramdan na nadama ko. At noon naisip ko na iyon ang kailangang tagpuan ng aking libro."
"And in writing one of the scenes, it happened in that third valley.","At sa pagsulat ng isa sa mga senaryo, nangyari ito sa pangatlong lambak."
For some reason I wrote about cairns -- stacks of rocks -- that a man was building.,Sa kung anong dahilan sumulat ako ng tungkol sa mga palatandaan – isang tumpok ng mga bato – na itinatayo ng isang tao.
"And I didn't know exactly why I had it, but it was so vivid.","At hindi ko alam kung ano talaga ang mayroon ako, pero napakalinaw sa isip ito."
"I got stuck, and a friend, when she asked if I would go for a walk with her dogs, that I said, sure. And about 45 minutes later, walking along the beach, I came across this.","Na-stuck ako, at isang kaibigan, nang tanungin niya kung gusto kong sumama habang ipinapasyal ang kanyang aso, na sinabi ko, sige. Pagkalipas ng 45 minuto, habang naglalakad sa aplaya, may nakita ako."
"And it was a man, a Chinese man, and he was stacking these things, not with glue, not with anything.","Isang lalaki, isang lalaking Tsino, at may pinagpapatong-patong siya, hindi ginagamitan ng pandikit, o ng ano pa man."
"And I asked him, ""How is it possible to do this?""",Itinanong ko sa kanya kung paano nagagawa ito?
"And he said, ""Well, I guess with everything in life, there's a place of balance.""","At sinabi niya, ah, palagay ko, tulad ng lahat sa buhay, may lugar ng katimbangan."
And this was exactly the meaning of my story at that point.,At iyon ang kahulugan ng aking kuwento sa puntong iyon.
"I had so many examples -- I have so many instances like this, when I'm writing a story, and I cannot explain it.","Marami akong halimbawa – marami akong mga pagkakataong tulad nito kapag sumusulat ako ng kuwento, na hindi ko maipapaliwanag."
Is it because I had the filter that I have such a strong coincidence in writing about these things?,Dahil kaya sa mayroon akong salaan kung kaya't mayroon akong malakas na pagkakataunan [coincidence] sa pagsulat ko tungkol sa mga ito?
"Or is it a kind of serendipity that we cannot explain, like the cosmological constant?","O isang serendipity ito na hindi kayang ipaliwanag, tulad ng cosmological constant?"
A big thing that I also think about is accidents.,Isa pa ring malaking bagay na naiisip ko ang tungkol sa mga aksidente.
"And as I said, my mother did not believe in randomness.","Gaya ng nasabi ko, ang ina ko ay hindi naniniwala sa sapalaran."
What is the nature of accidents?,Ano ang kalikasan ng mga aksidente?
"And how are we going to assign what the responsibility and the causes are, outside of a court of law?","Paano natin itatakda ang responsibilidad at ang mga dahilan, sa labas ng korte ng batas?"
"I was able to see that in a firsthand way, when I went to beautiful Dong village, in Guizhou, the poorest province of China.","Nasaksikan ko ito nang malapitan, nang pumasyal ako sa magandang pook na Dong, sa Guizhou, and pinakanaghihikahos na probinsya sa Tsina."
And I saw this beautiful place. I knew I wanted to come back.,At nakita ko itong magandang lugar na ito. Alam kong gusto kong bumalik.
"And I had a chance to do that, when National Geographic asked me if I wanted to write anything about China.",Nagkaroon ako ng pagkakataon nang tinanong ng National Geographic kung gusto kong sumulat ng kahit ano tungkol sa Tsina.
"And I said yes, about this village of singing people, singing minority.","Sabi ko oo, tungkol sa baryong ito ng Kumakantang mga tao, Kumakantang minoridad."
"And they agreed, and between the time I saw this place and the next time I went, there was a terrible accident. A man, an old man, fell asleep, and his quilt dropped in a pan of fire that kept him warm.","Pumayag sila, at sa pagitan ng panahong una kong nakita ang lugar at ng sumunod na lakad ko doon, nagkaroon ng isang malagim na aksidente. Isang tao, isang matandang lalaki, ang nakatulog, at ang kanyang kumot ay bumagsak sa planggana ng apoy na nagpapainit sa kaniya."
"60 homes were destroyed, and 40 were damaged.","60ng tahanan ang natupok, at 40 ang nasira."
Responsibility was assigned to the family.,Ang responsibilidad ay ibinigay sa pamilya.
"The man's sons were banished to live three kilometers away, in a cowshed.","Pinalayas ang mga anak na lalaki para mamahay sa ilang kilometro ang layo, sa pahingahan ng mga baka."
"And, of course, as Westerners, we say, ""Well, it was an accident. That's not fair.","At syempre, bilang mga taga-Kanluran, sasabihin natin, ""Aba, aksidente iyon."
"It's the son, not the father.""","Hindi tama ito. Anak ito, hindi ang ama."""
"When I go on a story, I have to let go of those kinds of beliefs.","At kapag nagkukuwento ako, kailagang pawalan ko ang mga gayong paniniwala."
"It takes a while, but I have to let go of them and just go there, and be there.","Matagal-tagal din, pero kailangang pawalan ko at pumunta ako doon, at mamalagi doon."
"And so I was there on three occasions, different seasons.","Naroon ako maka-itlo, iba-ibang panahon."
"And I began to sense something different about the history, and what had happened before, and the nature of life in a very poor village, and what you find as your joys, and your rituals, your traditions, your links with other families. And I saw how this had a kind of justice, in its responsibility.","Naramdaman ko na may kakaiba sa kasaysayan at sa nangyari bago pa, at ang uri ng pamumuhay sa isang mahirap na baryo, at ang natutuklasan mong mga galak, at ang mga nakagawian mo, ang mga tradisyon mo, ang mga relasyon mo sa ibang angkan. At nakita ko kung paano ito ay may isang uri ng hustisya sa kanyang responsibilidad."
"I was able to find out also about the ceremony that they were using, a ceremony they hadn't used in about 29 years. And it was to send some men -- a Feng Shui master sent men down to the underworld on ghost horses.","Natuklasan ko rin ang seremonya na kanilang ginagamit, isang seremonya na hindi ginamit sa loob ng 29 na taon. At ito ang magpadala ng ilang lalaki – isang guro sa Feng Shui ang magpapadala sa mga tao na nakasakay sa mga kabayong multo sa ilalim ng mundo."
"Now you, as Westerners, and I, as Westerners, would say well, that's superstition. But after being there for a while, and seeing the amazing things that happened, you begin to wonder whose beliefs are those that are in operation in the world, determining how things happen.","Ngayon, kayo na Kanluranin, at ako, na Kanluranin, ay magsasabing ah, pamahiin lang iyon. Pero pagkatapos tumira doon nang matagal-tagal, at pagkasaksi sa mga kagila-gilas na pangyayari, magsisimula kang mag-isip kung kaninong paniniwala ang siyang nagpapatakbo sa mundo, na nagtatakda ng mga pangyayari."
"So I remained with them, and the more I wrote that story, the more I got into those beliefs, and I think that's important for me -- to take on the beliefs, because that is where the story is real, and that is where I'm gonna find the answers to how I feel about certain questions that I have in life.","Kaya't nanatili ako sa kanila, at habang sinusulat ko ang kwento, lalo akong napapadiin sa paniniwala nila, at naiisip ko na mahalaga sa akin iyon – na tanggapin ang mga paniniwala, dahil sa naroon ang katalagahan ng kuwento, at doon ko makikita ang mga sagot tungkol sa nararamdaman ko tungkol sa ilang tanong sa aking buhay."
"Years go by, of course, and the writing, it doesn't happen instantly, as I'm trying to convey it to you here at TED.","Nagdaan ang mga taon, at siyempre, ang pagsulat, hindi ito nangyayari sa isang iglap, na ipinatatalastas ko sa inyo dito sa TED."
"The book comes and it goes. When it arrives, it is no longer my book.","Ang libro ay dumarating at umaalis. Pagdating nito, hindi ko na libro ito."
"It is in the hands of readers, and they interpret it differently.","Nasa kamay na ng mga mambabasa, at bibigyan nila ito ng iba-ibang interpetasyon."
"But I go back to this question of, how do I create something out of nothing?","Pero babalik ako sa tanong, paano ako lumilikha mula sa wala?"
And how do I create my own life?,Paano ko nililikha ang sarili kong buhay?
"And I think it is by questioning, and saying to myself that there are no absolute truths.","Naiisip ko na sa pagtatanong, at pagsasabi sa sarili na walang katotohanan na lubos."
"I believe in specifics, the specifics of story, and the past, the specifics of that past, and what is happening in the story at that point.","Naniniwala ako sa mga partikular, ang mga partikular ng kuwento, at ang lumipas, ang mga partikular ng lumipas, at ang nangyayari sa kuwento sa puntong iyon."
"I also believe that in thinking about things -- my thinking about luck, and fate, and coincidences and accidents, God's will, and the synchrony of mysterious forces -- I will come to some notion of what that is, how we create.","Naniniwala din ako na sa paglilimi tungkol sa mga bagay-bagay, sa pag-iisip ko tungkol sa suwerte, sa tadhana, sa nagkakataon at aksidente, kalooban ng Diyos, at ang pagkakaisa ng mga mahihiwagang puwersa, darating sa akin ang pagkaunawa kung ano iyan, kung paano tayo lumilikha."
"I have to think of my role. Where I am in the universe, and did somebody intend for me to be that way, or is it just something I came up with?","Kailangang isipin ko ang aking ginagampanan. Kung nasaan ako sa sangkalawakan, at kung mayroon nag-intensyon na gayon ang kalagayan ko, o isang bagay ito na dala ko sa aking sarili?"
"And I also can find that by imagining fully, and becoming what is imagined -- and yet is in that real world, the fictional world.","At nakita ko rin ito sa pamamagitan ng ganap na imahinasyon, at ang pagiging ang bagay na nilikha ng isip, na nasa tunay na mundo, ang mundo ng kathang-isip."
"And that is how I find particles of truth, not the absolute truth, or the whole truth.","Ganito kung paano ako nakakakita ng mga mga butil ng katotohanan, hindi ang tiyak ng katotohanan, o ang buong katotohanan."
"And they have to be in all possibilities, including those I never considered before.","Kailangan naroon sila sa lahat ng posibilidad, kasama na iyong mga hindi ko pa naiisip."
"So, there are never complete answers.",Kaya't walang ganap na sagot.
"Or rather, if there is an answer, it is to remind myself that there is uncertainty in everything, and that is good, because then I will discover something new.","O kaya naman, kung may sagot, ito ang paalalahanan ang sarili ko na may di-katiyakan ang lahat, na mabuti naman. Sapagka't noon makakatuklas ako ng bago."
"And if there is a partial answer, a more complete answer from me, it is to simply imagine.","At kung may sagot na di-lubos, isang may kalubusang sagot mula sa akin, ang maggunam-gunam."
"And to imagine is to put myself in that story, until there was only -- there is a transparency between me and the story that I am creating.","At ang maggunam-gunam ay ilagay ang aking sarili sa kuwento, hanggang sa matira na lang – walang balakid ang sinag sa pagitan ko at ang kuwentong nililikha."
"And that's how I've discovered that if I feel what is in the story -- in one story -- then I come the closest, I think, to knowing what compassion is, to feeling that compassion.","Gayun ko natuklasan na kung nararamdaman ko ang nasa kuwento – sa isang kuwento – saka ako lalong nalalapit, sa aking palagay, na maunawaan kung ano ang pagkahabag [compassion], na madama ang kahabagan."
"Because for everything, in that question of how things happen, it has to do with the feeling.","Dahil sa ang lahat, sa tanong na kung paano nangyayari ang lahat, natutungkol ito sa damdamin."
I have to become the story in order to understand a lot of that.,Kailangan ko ang maging ang kuwento para maunawaan ko ang marami sa mga iyan.
"We've come to the end of the talk, and I will reveal what is in the bag, and it is the muse, and it is the things that transform in our lives, that are wonderful and stay with us.","Nakarating na tayo sa katapusan ng panayam, at ibubunya ko ang nasa bag, at ito ang musa [""muse""], at ito ang mga bagay na nagbabago ng anyo ng ating buhay, na kamangha-mangha at nananatili sa atin."
There she is.,Hayon siya.
Thank you very much!,Maraming salamat!
(Applause),(Palakpakan)
,
"Well, I'm involved in other things, besides physics.","May iba akong pinagkakaabahalan, bukod sa pisika."
"In fact, mostly now in other things.","Sa katunayan, ngayon mas madalas sa ibang bagay."
One thing is distant relationships among human languages.,Isa dito ang malawak na ugnayan ng iba't ibang wika ng mga tao.
"And the professional, historical linguists in the U.S.",At lumalayo sa mga malayuang relasyon ang halos lahat ng mga propesyonal
"and in Western Europe mostly try to stay away from any long-distance relationships, big groupings, groupings that go back a long time, longer than the familiar families.","at ng mga pangkasaysayang dalubwika sa Estados Unidos at sa Kanlurang Europa; malaking pagpangkat, mga pagpapangkat na matagal nang namamalagi, mas matagal pa sa mga kilalang pamilya."
They don't like that. They think it's crank. I don't think it's crank.,Ayaw nila yun; sa tingin nila himaling ito.
"And there are some brilliant linguists, mostly Russians, who are working on that, at Santa Fe Institute and in Moscow, and I would love to see where that leads.","Sa tingin ko, hindi. At may mga napakatalinong mga dalubwika, karamihang mga Ruso, na nagtatrabaho sa Santa Fe Institute at sa Moscow, at gusto kong makita kung saan makararating ito."
"Does it really lead to a single ancestor some 20, 25,000 years ago?","Makararating ba talaga ito sa isang ninuno ilang mga 20, 25,000 na taong nakaraan?"
"And what if we go back beyond that single ancestor, when there was presumably a competition among many languages?","At paano kung bumalik tayo sa nakaraan na higit pa sa ninuno na ito, noong siguro mayroong kompetisyon sa gitna ng mga wika?"
How far back does that go? How far back does modern language go?,Gaano kalayo pa sa nakaraan ba yun? Gaano kalayo ang pinanggalingan ng makabagong wika?
How many tens of thousands of years does it go back?,Ilang nakaraang libu-libong taon?
Chris Anderson: Do you have a hunch or a hope for what the answer to that is?,Chris Anderson: Mayroon ka bang kutob o di kaya inaasahang sagot dito?
"Murray Gell-Mann: Well, I would guess that modern language must be older than the cave paintings and cave engravings and cave sculptures and dance steps in the soft clay in the caves in Western Europe, in the Aurignacian Period some 35,000 years ago, or earlier.","Murray Gell-Mann: Sa palagay ko dapat mas nakatatanda ang makabagong wika kaysa sa mga larawan, mga ukit at mga lilok sa kuweba at mga yapak ng sayaw sa malambot na luwad sa mga kuweba ng Kanlurang Europa noong panahong Aurignacian mga 35,000 na taong nakaraan, or mas maaga."
I can't believe they did all those things and didn't also have a modern language.,Di ko mapaniwalaan na ginawa nila yun lahat tapos wala ring makabagong wika.
"So, I would guess that the actual origin goes back at least that far and maybe further.","Ang hula ko, ang tunay na simula ay mga ganun nga o mas maaga pa."
"But that doesn't mean that all, or many, or most of today's attested languages couldn't descend perhaps from one that's much younger than that, like say 20,000 years, or something of that kind. It's what we call a bottleneck.","Ngunit hindi nito ibig sabihin na di puwedeng manggaling ang lahat, o karamihan ng mga napatunayan na mga wika mula sa isang mas bago, ng siguro mga 20,000 na taong nakaraan, o parang ganun. Ang tawag natin dito ay ang pagbo-bottleneck (biglang pagsikip ng daloy)."
"CA: Well, Philip Anderson may have been right.",CA: Maaaring tama si Philip Anderson.
You may just know more about everything than anyone.,Maaaring mas maraming kang alam sa lahat kaysa kanino.
"So, it's been an honor. Thank you Murray Gell-Mann.",Naging isang karangalan ito. Maraming salamat Ginoong Murray Gell-Mann.
(Applause),(Palakpakan)
,
"This is a work in process, based on some comments that were made at TED two years ago about the need for the storage of vaccine.",Ito po ay isang patuloy na proyekto hango sa mga komento na binigay sa TED noong dalawang taon na ang nakalipas patungkol sa pangangailangan ng pag-iimbak ng bakuna.
(Video): [On this planet 1.6 billion people don't have access to electricity refrigeration or stored fuels this is a problem it impacts: the spread of disease the storage of food and medicine and the quality of life.,(Musika) [ Sa planetang ito ] [ 1.6 bilyong katao ] [ ang walang kuryente ] [ refrigeration ] [ o gaas ] [ ito ay isang dagok ] [ at nakakaapekto: ] [ sa paglaganap ng sakit ] [ sa pag-iimbak ng pagkain at medisina ] [ at sa kalidad ng buhay ]
"So here's the plan ... inexpensive refrigeration that doesn't use electricity, propane, gas, kerosene or consumables time for some thermodynamics And the story of the Intermittent Absorption Refrigerator] Adam Grosser: So 29 years ago, I had this thermo teacher who talked about absorption and refrigeration, one of those things that stuck in my head, a lot like the Stirling engine: it was cool, but you didn't know what to do with it.","[ kaya ito ang mungkahi: murang refrigeration na hindi ginagamitan ng kuryente ... ] [ ... propane, gasolina, gaas, o mga consumables ] [ oras na para sa kaunting thermodynamics ] [ At ang kuwento ng Intermitent Absorption Refrigerator ] 29 na taon na ang nakalipas, may guro ako sa thermodynamics na nagbanggit tungkol sa absorption at refrigeration. Iyon ang ilan sa mga bagay na tumatak sa aking isipan. Tulad siya sa Stirling Engine: astig pero hindi mo alam ang paggagamitan At ito ay naimbento noong 1858 ni Ferdinand Carre,"
"It was invented in 1858, by this guy Ferdinand Carré, but he couldn't actually build anything with it because of the tools at the time.",ngunit wala siyang magawa dito dahil sa kakulangan ng kasangkapan noong panahong iyon.
"This crazy Canadian named Powel Crosley commercialized this thing called the IcyBall, in 1928.","Isang nahihibang na Canadian sa ngalan na Powell Crosley ang nagsakomersyo ng tinatawag na Icyball noong 1928, at iyon ay isang napakagandang ideya,"
"It was a really neat idea, and I'll get to why it didn't work, but here's how it works.","at sasabihin ko mamaya kung bakit ito'y hindi naging posible, pero ganito ang kanyang mekanismo."
There's two spheres and they're separated in distance.,May dalawang bilog na magkahiwalay.
"One has a working fluid, water and ammonia, and the other is a condenser.","Laman ng isa ay working fluid, tubig at ammonia, samantalang ang isa ay condenser. Paiinitan mo ang isang bahagi, yung mainit na bahagi."
The ammonia evaporates and it recondenses in the other side.,Mag-eevaporate ang ammonia at magrerecondense sa kabilang bahagi.
"You let it cool to room temperature, and then, as the ammonia reevaporates and combines with the water back on the erstwhile hot side, it creates a powerful cooling effect.","Hahayaang lumamig sa room temperature, at pagkatapos, habang nag-eevaporate ang ammonia kasabay ng tubig pabalik sa mainit na bahagi, lumilikha ito ng paglamig."
So it was a great idea that didn't work at all.,Magandang ideya sana ngunit hindi ito naging posible: ito'y sumasabog.
They blew up.,"Dahil sa paggamit ng ammonia, nakakalikha ng matataas na pressures"
"(Laughter) Because you're using ammonia, you get hugely high pressures if you heated them wrong; it topped 400 psi.",kapag mali ang paraan ng pag-init. Aabot ito ng 400 psi. Nakakalason ang ammonia.
"The ammonia was toxic, it sprayed everywhere.",Kumakalat sa paligid.
But it was kind of an interesting thought.,Ngunit talagang interesante ang ideyang iyon.
"So the great thing about 2006, there's a lot of really great computational work you can do.","Kaya, naging mabuti ang 2006 dahil maraming computational work ang maaring gawin."
So we got the whole thermodynamics department at Stanford involved -- a lot of computational fluid dynamics.,"Kaya, tinipon namin ang buong departamento ng thermodynamics sa Stanford. Maraming computational fluid dynamics."
We proved that most of the ammonia refrigeration tables are wrong.,Pinatunayan naming mali ang karamihan ng ammonia refrigeration tables.
We found some nontoxic refrigerants that worked at very low vapor pressures.,Nakadiskubre kami ng refrigerants na hindi nakakalason na maaring gamitin sa mabababang vapor pressures. Humingi kami ng tulong sa isang grupo mula UK --
"We brought in a team from the UK -- a lot of great refrigeration people, it turns out, in the UK -- and built a test rig, and proved that, in fact, we could make a low-pressure, nontoxic refrigerator.","maraming eksperto sa refrigeration, napag-alaman namin, mula sa UK -- bumuo ng test rig, at pinatunayan na maaring makagawa ng low pressure, non-toxic regfrigerator."
So this is the way it works.,Ganito ang kanyang paggamit.
You put it on a cooking fire.,"Ilalagay mo siya sa ibabaw ng pinaglutuang apoy. Kahit sino sa mundo may pinaglulutuang apoy,"
"Most people have cooking fires in the world, whether it's camel dung or wood.",yari man sa dumi ng kamelyo or sa kahoy.
"It heats up for about 30 minutes, cools for an hour.","Paiinitan ito sa loob ng 30 minuto, at palalamigin ng isang oras."
You put it into a container and it will refrigerate for 24 hours.,Ipapasok sa isang lagayan at maari na itong gamiting refrigerator sa loob ng 24 oras.
It looks like this.,Ganito ang itsura niya.
"This is the fifth prototype, it's not quite done.",Ito ang panlimang prototype. Hindi pa siya gaanong tapos.
"It weighs about eight pounds, and this is the way it works.","Ito ay may bigat na 8 pounds, at ang paraan ng paggamit ay ganito."
"You put it into a 15-liter vessel, about three gallons, and it'll cool it down to just above freezing -- three degrees above freezing -- for 24 hours in a 30 degree C environment.","Ilalagay mo siya sa 15-litro na lalagyan, katumbas ng tatlong galon, at ito ay lalamig malapit sa freezing point, tatlong baitang na mas mataas sa freezing point, sa loob ng 24 oras at 30 degree Celsius."
It's really cheap.,"Ito ay napakamura. Sa tingin namin, puwedeng bumuo nito ng maramihan sa halagang 25 dolyar bawat isa,"
"We think we can build these in high volumes for about 25 dollars, in low volumes for about 40 dollars.","at kapag kaunti lang, aabot ng 40 dolyar. At sa tingin namin magagawa nating"
And we think we can make refrigeration something that everybody can have.,abot-kaya ang refrigeration para sa lahat.
Thank you.,Salamat po! (Palakpakan)
,
"The first half of the 20th century was an absolute disaster in human affairs, a cataclysm.","Sa unang bahagi ng ika-20 siglo sangkaterbang sakuna ang inabot ng sangkatauhan, isang malaking gulo."
"We had the First World War, the Great Depression, the Second World War and the rise of the communist nations.","Nangyari ang Unang Digmaang Pandaigdig, ang Great Depression, ang Ikalawang Digmaang Pangdaigdig, at ang pag-usbong ng mga komunistang bansa."
"And each one of these forces split the world, tore the world apart, divided the world.","At bawat isa sa mga ito, pinagwatak-watak at hinati ang mundo."
"And they threw up walls -- political walls, trade walls, transportation walls, communication walls, iron curtains -- which divided peoples and nations.","At bumuo sila ng mga pader, mga bakod sa pulitika at kalakalan, bakod sa transportasyon, bakod sa komunikasyon, ang kurtinang bakal, na hinati ang mga tao at mga bansa."
It was only in the second half of the 20th century that we slowly began to pull ourselves out of this abyss.,Sa ikalawang bahagi lamang ng ika-20 siglo na tayo'y nagsimulang bumangon mula sa pagkakalugmok.
Trade walls began to come tumbling down.,Napabagsak natin ang harang sa kalakalan.
"Here are some data on tariffs: starting at 40 percent, coming down to less than 5 percent.","Ito ay iilan sa mga datos ukol sa taripa: mula sa 40 porsyento, naging mas kaunti pa sa 5 porsyento."
We globalized the world. And what does that mean?,Nai-globalize ang mundo. Anong ibig sabihin nun?
It means that we extended cooperation across national boundaries; we made the world more cooperative.,"Ibig sabihin, umusbong ang kooperasyon ng mga bansa. Naging mas matulungin ang mundo."
Transportation walls came tumbling down.,Nabuwag ang mga harang sa transportasyon.
"You know in 1950 the typical ship carried 5,000 to 10,000 tons worth of goods.","Noong 1950s lulan ng isang pangkaraniwang bapor ang 5,000 - 10,000 tonelada ng kagamitan."
"Today a container ship can carry 150,000 tons; it can be manned with a smaller crew; and unloaded faster than ever before.","Ngayon ang isang container ship ay nagkakarga ng 150,000 tonelada. Mas kaunti ang kinakailangang tauhan, at mas mabilis nang magbaba ng kargamento."
"Communication walls, I don't have to tell you -- the Internet -- have come tumbling down.","Ang mga harang sa komunikasyon, salamat sa internet, ay nabuwag na."
"And of course the iron curtains, political walls have come tumbling down.","At ang kurtinang bakal, ang mga bakod sa pulitika ay nabuwag na din."
Now all of this has been tremendous for the world.,Lahat ng ito ay naging mabuti para sa mundo.
Trade has increased.,Umunlad ang kalakalan.
Here is just a little bit of data.,Ito ang kaunting datos.
"In 1990, exports from China to the United States: 15 billion dollars.","Noong 1990, ang export mula Tsina papuntang Estados Unidos -- 15 bilyong dolyar."
By 2007: over 300 billion dollars.,"Noong 2007, higit sa 300 bilyong dolyar."
"And perhaps most remarkably, at the beginning of the 21st century, really for the first time in modern history, growth extended to almost all parts of the world.","At ang nakakamangha, noong simula ng ika-20 siglo, sa unang pagkakataon sa kasaysayan, umabot sa bawat sulok ng mundo ang pag-unlad."
"So China, I've already mentioned, beginning around 1978, around the time of the death of Mao, growth -- ten percent a year.","Nabanggit ko na ang Tsina, simula noong 1978, noong namatay ni Mao, ang pag-unlad -- 10 porsyento kada taon."
"Year after year after year, absolutely incredible.","Bawat taon, kamangha-mangha."
Never before in human history have so many people been raised out of such great poverty as happened in China.,"Hindi pa natin naranasan ang ganito karaming tao na umangat mula sa kahirapan, gaya ng nangyayari sa Tsina ngayon."
China is the world's greatest anti-poverty program over the last three decades.,Ang Tsina ang may pinakamahusay na programa kontra kahirapan sa nakalipas na 3 dekada.
"India, starting a little bit later, but in 1990, begetting tremendous growth.","Nahuli ng kaunti ang India, ngunit noong 1990, nagkaroon ng malaking pag-unlad."
"Incomes at that time less than $1,000 per year.","Noon, ang kita nila ay mas mababa sa 1,000 dolyar kada taon."
And over the next 18 years have almost tripled.,Lumipas ang 18 taon at naging triple ito.
Growth of six percent a year. Absolutely incredible.,May pag-unlad ng 6 porsyento bawat taon.
"Now Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa -- Sub-Saharan Africa has been the area of the world most resistant to growth.","Kamangha-mangha. Sa Aprika naman, ang bahagi ng Sub-Sahara ang katangi-tangi sa mundo na pinakamailap sa pag-asenso."
And we can see the tragedy of Africa in the first few bars here.,At makikita natin ang trahedya ng Aprika sa mga datos dito.
Growth was negative.,Naging negatibo ang pag-unlad.
"People were actually getting poorer than their parents, and sometimes even poorer than their grandparents had been.","Mas naghirap pa ang mga anak kaysa sa mga magulang nila. At sa ibang lugar, mas mahirap pa kaysa sa mga lolo at lola nila."
"But at the end of the 20th century, the beginning of the 21st century, we saw growth in Africa.","Ngunit, sa bandang dulo ng ika-20 siglo, sa simula ng ika-21 siglo, natunghayan natin ang pag-unlad ng Aprika."
"And I think, as you'll see, there's reasons for optimism, because I believe that the best is yet to come.","At sa tingin ko, may dahilan upang umasa. Dahil hindi pa dito nagtatapos ang kanilang pag-unlad."
Now why.,Bakit?
On the cutting edge today it's new ideas which are driving growth.,Dahil sa mga panahong ito mga bagong ideya ang nagtutulak ng pag-unlad.
"And by that I mean it's products for which the research and development costs are really high, and the manufacturing costs are low.",Partikular na sa mga produkto ng pananaliksik na pinagkakagastusan at nagiging mura kapag umabot na sa mga pabrika.
More than ever before it is these types of ideas which are driving growth on the cutting edge.,Ang mga ganitong klase ng ideya ang nagtutulak sa pag-unlad.
Now ideas have this amazing property.,May ganitong kakahayan ang mga ideya.
"Thomas Jefferson, I think, really expressed this quite well.",Sinabi ni Thomas Jefferson ito nang napakaganda.
"He said, ""He who receives an idea from me receives instruction himself, without lessening mine.","Wika niya, ""Ang sinumang nakakatanggap ng ideya mula sa akin ay natututo, nang hindi nababawasan ang sa akin."
"As he who lights his candle at mine receives light without darkening me.""",Gaya nang sinumang nagsisindi ng kandila sa akin ay nakatatanggap ng liwanag nang hindi namamatay ang sa akin.
"Or to put it slightly differently: one apple feeds one man, but an idea can feed the world.","O sa ibang pananalita, isang mansanas para sa iisang tao, ngunit ang isang ideya ay para sa buong mundo."
Now this is not new. This is practically not new to TEDsters.,Hindi na ito bago. Lalong hindi ito bago para sa mga TEDsters.
This is practically the model of TED.,Ito naman talaga ang ginagawa sa TED.
But what is new is that the greater function of ideas is going to drive growth even more than ever before.,Ang bago ay mas malaki na ngayon ang kontribusyon ng ideya sa pagtulak ng pag-unlad kaysa sa dati.
"This provides a reason why trade and globalization are even more important, more powerful than ever before, and are going to increase growth more than ever before.","Ito ang dahilan kung bakit ang kalakalan at globalisasyon ay mas mahalaga at mas makapangyarihan kaysa sa dati, at pinapabilis nito ang pag-unlad."
"And to explain why this is so, I have a question.","Upang maipaliwanag ko ito, may halimbawa ako."
"Suppose that there are two diseases: one of them is rare, the other one is common, but if they are not treated they are equally severe.","Kunwari may dalawang sakit. Isa sa kanila, bihira, at ang isa, pangkaraniwan. Pero, kung parehong hindi naagapan, nakamamatay."
"If you had to choose, which would you rather have: the common disease or the rare disease?","Kung mamimili ka, alin ang gusto mong magkaroon? Ang pangkaraniwan o ang kakaibang sakit?"
"Common, the common -- I think that's absolutely right, and why? Because there are more drugs to treat common diseases than there are to treat rare diseases.",Iyong pangkaraniwan. Tingin ko tama yun. Bakit? Dahil mas maraming gamot para sa pangkaraniwang sakit kaysa sa kakaibang sakit.
The reason for this is incentives.,Dahil ito sa insentibo.
"It costs about the same to produce a new drug whether that drug treats 1,000 people, 100,000 people, or a million people.","Pareho lang ang gastos sa paggawa ng bagong gamot, kung ang gamot ay para sa 1,000 tao, o 100,000 tao, o isang milyong tao man."
But the revenues are much greater if the drug treats a million people.,Ngunit mas malaki ang kikitain kung isang milyon ang bibili ng gamot.
So the incentives are much larger to produce drugs which treat more people.,"Kaya, mas malaki ang insentibo sa paggawa ng gamot para sa nakararami."
To put this differently: larger markets save lives.,"Ibig sabihin, nakakasagip-buhay kapag maraming kustomer."
In this case misery truly does love company.,Sa kasong ito maraming karamay ang kahirapan.
"Now think about the following: if China and India were as rich as the United States is today, the market for cancer drugs would be eight times larger than it is now.","Ngayon, isipin ang sumusunod: kung ang Tsina at India ay kasing yaman ng Estados Unidos ngayon, ang kalakal para sa gamot laban kanser ay lalaki ng walong beses."
"Now we are not there yet, but it is happening.","Wala pa tayo doon, pero papunta na tayo."
As other countries become richer the demand for these pharmaceuticals is going to increase tremendously.,Habang yumayaman ang ibang bansa ang pangangailangan ng gamot ay tataas rin ng malaki.
"And that means an increase incentive to do research and development, which benefits everyone in the world.","Ang ibig sabihin nito ay mas mataas ang insentibo sa pananaliksik, at makikinabang tayong lahat."
"Larger markets increase the incentive to produce all kinds of ideas, whether it's software, whether it's a computer chip, whether it's a new design.","Mas maraming kustomer, mas malaki ang insentibo na maglabas ng iba't ibang ideya. Ito ma'y software, o computer chip, o bagong disenyo."
"For the Hollywood people in the audience, this even explains why action movies have larger budgets than comedies: it's because action movies translate easier into other languages and other cultures, so the market for those movies is larger.","Para sa mga taga-Hollywood sa audience, ito ang dahilan kung bakit ang mga maaksyong pelikula ay mas malaking badyet kaysa sa komedya. Mas madaling naiintindihan ang aksyon kahit sa ibang kultura at ibang lengwahe. Mas malaki ang negosyo para sa mga ganitong pelikula."
"People are willing to invest more, and the budgets are larger.","Handang mamuhunan nang malaki ang mga tao, at mas malaki ang badyet."
"Alright. Well if larger markets increase the incentive to produce new ideas, how do we maximize that incentive?","Kung malaki ang insentibong nalilikha kapag maraming kustomer upang bumuo ng bagong ideya, paano natin lulubusin ang insentibong ito?"
"It's by having one world market, by globalizing the world.","Ang sagot ay sa paglikha ng pandaigdigang merkado, sa pag-globalize ng mundo."
"The way I like to put this is: one idea. Ideas are meant to be shared, so one idea can serve one world, one market.","Ganito lang iyan, isang ideya, mga ideya na dapat ibahagi, isang ideya para sa iisang mundo, iisang merkado."
"One idea, one world, one market.","Isang ideya, isang mundo, isang merkado."
Well how else can we create new ideas?,Paano pa nga ba tayo lilikha ng bagong ideya?
That's one reason.,Iyon ay isang dahilan.
Globalize trade.,"Globalize, makipagkalakalan."
How else can we create new ideas?,Paano pa tayo lilikha ng bagong ideya?
"Well, more idea creators.","Well, dagdagan ang mga imbentor ng ideya."
"Now idea creators, they come from all walks of life.",Mula sa iba't ibang sulok ang mga taong ito.
Artists and innovators -- many of the people you've seen on this stage.,"Mga artista, innovators, marami sa mga taong nagsalita na sa entabladong ito."
"I'm going to focus on scientists and engineers because I have some data on that, and I'm a data person.","Tignan natin ang mga siyentipiko at inhinyero dahil may datos ako dito, at ako'y mahilig sa datos."
"Now, today, less than one-tenth of one percent of the world's population are scientists and engineers.",Mas kaunti pa sa 1/10th ng isang porsyento ng buong sangkatauhan ang mga siyentipiko at inhinyero.
(Laughter) The United States has been an idea leader.,(Tawanan) Ang Estados Unidos ay nangunguna sa pag-iisip ng ideya.
A large fraction of those people are in the United States.,Malaking bahagi ng mga taong iyon ay nasa Estados Unidos.
But the U.S. is losing its idea leadership.,Ngunit papawala na ang pangunguna ng U.S.
And for that I am very grateful.,"At dahil doon, ako'y nagpapasalamat."
That is a good thing.,Mabuti iyon.
"It is fortunate that we are becoming less of an idea leader because for too long the United States, and a handful of other developed countries, have shouldered the entire burden of research and development.",Masuwerte tayo na hindi na tayo nangunguna sapagkat matagal na panahong ang Estados Unidos at iilang bansa lamang ang bumubuo ng buong bigat ng pananaliksik.
"But consider the following: if the world as a whole were as wealthy as the United States is now there would be more than five times as many scientists and engineers contributing to ideas which benefit everyone, which are shared by everyone.","Ngunit isipin ang sumusunod: kung ang buong mundo ay kasingyaman ng Estado Unidos ngayon higit pa sa limang beses ang dami ng siyentipiko at inhinyero na dadagdag ng ideyang pakikinabangan ng lahat, at paghahatian ng lahat."
"I think of the great Indian mathematician, Ramanujan.","Naisip ko si Ramanujan, isang mahusay ng matematikong Indian."
"How many Ramanujans are there in India today toiling in the fields, barely able to feed themselves, when they could be feeding the world?","Ilang Ramanujans ang nasa India ngayon na nag-aararo sa kabukiran at naghihikahos, gayong maari nilang pakainin ang buong mundo?"
Now we're not there yet.,Wala pa tayo doon ngayon.
But it is going to happen in this century.,Pero mangyayari iyon sa siglong ito.
"The real tragedy of the last century is this: if you think about the world's population as a giant computer, a massively parallel processor, then the great tragedy has been that billions of our processors have been off line.","Ang trahedy ng nakaraang siglo ay: kung ang populasyon ng mundo ay isang higanteng kompyuter, isang malaking prosesor, ang trahedya ay yaong bilyon bilyong prosesor na hindi gumagana."
But in this century China is coming on line.,"Ngunit sa siglong ito, nagsisimula nang gumana ang Tsina."
India is coming on line.,Gumagana na din ang India.
Africa is coming on line.,Tumatakbo na din ang Afrika.
We will see an Einstein in Africa in this century.,Makakakita tayo ng Einstein ng Afrika sa siglong ito.
Here is just some data. This is China.,Ito ay kaunting datos lamang.
1996: less than one million new university students in China per year; 2006: over five million.,"Ito ang Tsina. Noong 1996, hindi aabot sa isang milyon ang mag-aaral sa mga unibersidad sa Tsina, bawat taon. Noong 2006, higit pa sa limang milyon."
Now think what this means.,Ano ang ibig sabihin nun?
This means we all benefit when another country gets rich.,Lahat tayo ay makikinabang kapag yumaman ang ibang bansa.
We should not fear other countries becoming wealthy.,Hindi dapat tayo matakot na yumaman ang ibang bansa.
"That is something that we should embrace -- a wealthy China, a wealthy India, a wealthy Africa.","Iyon ay isang bagay na dapat natin yakapin -- mayamang Tsina, mayamang India, mayamang Aprika."
We need a greater demand for ideas -- those larger markets I was talking about earlier -- and a greater supply of ideas for the world.,"Pausbungin natin ang pangangailangan ng ideya, malalaking merkado na kinukwento ko kanina, malaking supply ng mga ideya para sa mundo."
Now you can see some of the reasons why I'm optimistic.,Ito ang mga dahilan kung bakit ako'y may magandang pangitain.
"Globalization is increasing the demand for ideas, the incentive to create new ideas.","Inaangat ng globalisasyon ang pangangailangan ng mga ideya, ang paggayak na lumikha ng mga bagong ideya."
Investments in education are increasing the supply of new ideas.,Pinapalawak ng edukasyon ang imbakan ng bagong ideya.
In fact if you look at world history you can see some reasons for optimism.,"Ayon sa ating kasaysayan, may magagandang pangitain."
"From about the beginnings of humanity to 1500: zero economic growth, nothing.","Mula sa pagsisimula ng sangkatauhan hanggang 1500, walang naging pag-unlad sa ekonomiya."
"1500 to 1800: maybe a little bit of economic growth, but less in a century than you expect to see in a year today.","1500 hanggang 1800, may kaunting paglago. Ngunit hindi kasing laki ng gaya sa siglong ito."
1900s: maybe one percent.,1900s isang porsyento.
Twentieth century: a little bit over two percent.,"Ika-20 siglo, lagpas ng dalawang porsyento."
"Twenty-first century could easily be 3.3, even higher percent.",Ika-21 siglo ay aabot ng 3.3 porsyento o higit pa.
"Even at that rate, by 2100 average GDP per capita in the world will be $200,000.","Sa takbo ng mga nangyayari, sa taong 2100, ang GDP per capita ng mundo ay 200,000 dolyar."
"That's not U.S. GDP per capita, which will be over a million, but world GDP per capita -- $200,000.","Lagpas sa isang milyon ang GDP per capita ng Estados Unidos. Ngunit GDP per capita ng mundo, 200,000 dolyar."
That's not that far.,Hindi malayo ang panahong iyan.
We won't make it.,Ngunit hindi na natin maabutan.
But some of our grandchildren probably will.,"Ngunit, aabutan iyan ng ating mga apo."
"And I should say, I think this is a rather modest prediction.",At masasabi kong walang halong yabang ang aking hula.
In Kurzweilian terms this is gloomy.,"Sa paniniwalang Kurzweil, malungkot ito."
In Kurzweilian terms I'm like the Eeyore of economic growth.,"Sa paniniwalang Kurzweil, ako'y parang si Eeyore ng ekonomiya."
(Laughter) Alright what about problems?,"(Tawanan) Ok, paano naman ang mga problema?"
What about a great depression?,Paano ang great depression?
Well let's take a look. Let's take a look at the Great Depression.,Tignan natin ang Great Depression.
Here is GDP per capita from 1900 to 1929.,Ito ang GDP per capita noong 1900 hanggang 1929.
"Now let's imagine that you were an economist in 1929, trying to forecast future growth for the United States, not knowing that the economy was about to go off a cliff, not knowing that we were about to enter the greatest economic disaster certainly in the 20th century.","Ipagpalagay nating ika'y isang ekonomista noong 1929, na tinatanaw ang pag-unlad ng Estados Unidos sa hinaharap, at wala kang alam na pabagsak na pala ang ekonomiya. Hindi pa natin batid na tayo'y papasok sa pinakamalaking trahedyang pang-ekonomiya sa ika-20 siglo."
"What would you have predicted, not knowing this?",Ano kaya ang iyong hula kung hindi mo alam ito?
"If you had based your prediction, your forecast on 1900 to 1929 you'd have predicted something like this.",Kung binase mo ang iyong hula noong 1900 hanggang 1929 ito ang magiging hula mo.
"If you'd been a little more optimistic -- say, based upon the Roaring Twenties -- you'd have said this.","Kung higit na positibo ang iyong pananaw, dahil sa masaganang 20s, ito ang sasabihin mo."
So what actually happened?,Ano nga ba ang nangyari?
We went off a cliff but we recovered.,Bumagsak tayo ngunit tayo'y nakabawi.
In fact in the second half of the 20th century growth was even higher than anything you would have predicted based upon the first half of the 20th century.,"Sa katunayan, sa ikalawang yugto ng ika-20 siglo higit na mabilis ang ating pag-unlad kaysa sa anumang hula na ginawa noong unang yugto ng ika-20 siglo."
So growth can wash away even what appears to be a great depression.,Kayang burahin ng pag-unlad ang anumang epekto ng great depression.
Alright. What else?,Okay. Ano pa?
Oil. Oil. This was a big topic.,Langis. Ito ay naging malaking paksa.
When I was writing up my notes oil was $140 per barrel.,"Noong sinusulat ko pa ito, ang langis ay nasa 140 dolyar bawat bariles."
"So people were asking a question. They were saying, ""Is China drinking our milkshake?""","Ang tanong ng taong-bayan, ""Iniinom ba ng Tsina ang ating milkshake?"""
"(Laughter) And there is some truth to this, in the sense that we have something of a finite resource, and increased growth is going to push up demand for that.",(Tawanan) At may kaunting katotohanan ito dahil ang langis ay nauubos na yaman. Itinataas ng pag-unlad ang ating pangangailangan dito.
But I think I don't have to tell this audience that a higher price of oil is not necessarily a bad thing.,Hindi naman masama na naging mamahalin ang langis ngayon.
"Moreover, as everyone knows, look -- it's energy, not oil, which counts.","Alam ng lahat na enerhiya, at hindi langis, ang ating kailangan."
And higher oil prices mean a greater incentive to invest in energy R&D.,Ang mataas na presyo ng langis ay mangangahulugang mas malaki ang insentibo para sa pananaliksik sa enerhiya.
You can see this in the data.,Makikita mo ito sa datos.
"As oil prices go up, energy patents go up.","Habang tumataas ang presyo ng langis, dumadami din ang patents patungkol sa enerhiya."
"The world is much better equipped to overcome an increase in the price of oil today, than ever in the past, because of what I'm talking about.","Mas handa ang mundo na lagpasan ang pagtaas ng presyo ng langis ngayon, kaysa sa panahong nakalipas, dahil sa mga bagay na ating napag-usapan."
"One idea, one world, one market.","Isang ideya, isang mundo, isang merkado."
"So I'm optimistic so long as we hew to these two ideas: to keep globalizing world markets, keep extending cooperation across national boundaries, and keep investing in education.","Kaya't ako'y positibo basta't sinusunod natin ang dalawang pilosopiyang ito: ipagpatuloy ang globalisasyon ng pandaigdigang merkado, palawakin ang pakikipagtulungan ng mga bansa, at pahalagahan ang edukasyon."
"Now the United States has a particularly important role to play in this: to keep our education system globalized, to keep our education system open to students from all over the world, because our education system is the candle that other students come to light their own candles.","Ngayon, may malaking bahagi ang Estados Unidos sa pagkakataong ito -- upang panatilihing globalisado ang sistema ng edukasyon, upang panatilihing bukas ang sistema ng edukasyon para sa lahat -- dahil ang sistema ng edukasyon ay isang kandilang nagbibigay-liwanag sa ibang mag-aaral upang masindihan ang sariling kandila."
Now remember here what Jefferson said.,Alalahanin natin ang sabi ni Jefferson.
"Jefferson said, ""When they come and light their candles at ours, they gain light, and we are not darkened.""","Sabi ni Jefferson, ""Kapag sila'y lumapit at nakisindi ng kandila, nakatatanggap sila ng liwanag, at tayo'y hindi magdidilim."""
"But Jefferson wasn't quite right, was he?","Ngunit may mali sa sinabi ni Jefferson, di ba?"
"Because the truth is, when they light their candles at ours, there is twice as much light available for everyone.","Sa katunayan, kapag nakisindi sila ng kandila, dodoble ang ilaw na papakinabangan ng lahat."
So my view is: Be optimistic.,Kaya't ang aking pananaw ay positibo.
Spread the ideas. Spread the light.,Palaganapin ang mga ideya. Ibahagi ang liwanag.
Thank you.,Salamat.
(Applause),(Palakpakan)
,
Forrest North: The beginning of any collaboration starts with a conversation.,Forrest North: Nagsisimula ang pagtutulungan sa isang usapan.
And I would like to share with you some of the bits of the conversation that we started with.,At nais kong ibahagi sa inyo ang iilan sa aming usapan na aming nasimulan.
I grew up in a log cabin in Washington state with too much time on my hands.,Lumaki ako sa isang log cabin sa estado ng Washington na may maraming oras na walang magawa.
Yves Behar: And in scenic Switzerland for me.,Yves Behar: At sa mala-postcard na Switzerland naman ako.
FN: I always had a passion for alternative vehicles.,FN: Hilig ko na talaga noon pa ang mga sasakyang alternatibo.
This is a land yacht racing across the desert in Nevada.,Ito ay isang yateng panglupa na gamit pangkarera sa magkabilang dulo ng disyerto sa Nevada.
YB: Combination of windsurfing and skiing into this invention there.,YB: Magkasamang windsurfing at skiing ang imbensyong ito.
FN: And I also had an interest in dangerous inventions.,FN: At mahilig din ako sa mga mapanganib na imbensyon.
"This is a 100,000-volt Tesla coil that I built in my bedroom, much to the dismay of my mother.","Ito ay isang 100,000-volt na Tesla coil na ginawa ko sa aking kwarto, kahit tutol ang nanay ko."
"YB: To the dismay of my mother, this is dangerous teenage fashion right there.","YB: Sa pagtutol naman ng aking ina, ito ay mapanganib na pananamit."
"(Laughter) FN: And I brought this all together, this passion with alternative energy and raced a solar car across Australia -- also the U.S. and Japan.","(Tawanan) FN: At pinagsama-sama ko ito lahat, itong pagkahilig sa alternatibong enerhiya. At nagmaneho ng solar car sa magkabilang dulo ng Australia. Pati na sa U.S. at Japan."
"YB: So, wind power, solar power -- we had a lot to talk about.","YB: Kaya, enerhiya mula sa hangin, sa araw, marami kaming napag-uusapan."
We had a lot that got us excited.,Marami kaming gustong gawin.
So we decided to do a special project together.,Kaya nagpasya kaming magsama para sa isang espesyal na proyekto.
To combine engineering and design and ...,Upang pagsamahin ang inhinyeriya at disenyo at...
"FN: Really make a fully integrated product, something beautiful.","FN: gumawa ng iisang produktong ganap, isang napakagandang bagay."
YB: And we made a baby.,"YB: At gumawa kami ng ""baby""."
(Laughter) FN: Can you bring out our baby?,"(Tawanan) FN: Maari na bang ilabas ang aming ""baby""?"
(Applause) This baby is fully electric.,"(Palakpakan) Ganap na de-kuryente ang ""baby"" na ito."
It goes 150 miles an hour.,Aabot ito hanggang 150 milya bawat oras.
It's twice the range of any electric motorcycle.,Doble ang mararating nito kung ikukumpara sa ibang de-kuryenteng motorsiklo.
Really the exciting thing about a motorcycle is just the beautiful integration of engineering and design.,Ang talagang nakakasabik sa mga motorsiklo ay ang magandang pagkakabuklod ng inhinyeriya at disenyo.
It's got an amazing user experience.,Nagbibigay ito ng karanasang kagulat-gulat sa sinumang nakasakay.
It was wonderful working with Yves Behar.,Masaya akong nakatrabaho si Yves Behar.
He came up with our name and logo. We're Mission Motors.,Siya ang nakapag-isip ng aming pangalan at logo.
"And we've only got three minutes, but we could talk about it for hours.",Kami ang Mission Motors. At meron lang kaming tatlong minuto. Ngunit maari pa kaming magsalita dito ng ilang oras pa kung nanaisin niyo.
YB: Thank you.,YB: Salamat.
"FN: Thank you TED. And thank you Chris, for having us.","FN: Salamat sa TED. At salamat Chris, sa inyong paanyaya."
(Applause),(Palakpakan)
,
Let's talk about manias.,Pag-usapan natin ang tungkol sa kahibangan.
Let's start with Beatlemania.,Simulan natin sa pagkahibang sa Beatles.
"(Recording of crowd roaring) Hysterical teenagers, crying, screaming, pandemonium.","Mga nagwawalang kabataan, umiiyak, sumisigaw, malaking kaguluhan."
"(Recording of crowd roaring) Sports mania: deafening crowds, all for one idea -- get the ball in the net.",Pagkahilig sa palakasan. Nakakabinging hiyawan. Iisa ang sinisigaw.
(Recording) Goal!,Ipasok ang bola sa net.
"Okay, religious mania: there's rapture, there's weeping, there's visions.","Eto, pagkahibang sa relihiyon. Matinding kagalakan. Nag-iiyakan. Mga pangitain."
Manias can be good.,Minsa'y mabuti ang kahibangan.
Manias can be alarming.,Minsa'y nakakabahala.
Or manias can be deadly.,O di kaya'y nakamamatay.
(Recording of crowd cheering) The world has a new mania.,May bagong kinahihibangan ang mundo.
A mania for learning English.,Ang pagkawili sa pag-aaral ng wikang Ingles.
"Listen as Chinese students practice their English, by screaming it: Teacher: ... change my life!",Pakinggan ang mga Tsinong mag-aaral habang nagsasanay mag-Ingles sa paraang pasigaw. Guro: ... babago sa aking buhay!
Students: I want to change my life!,Estudyante: Ako ang babago sa aking buhay!
T: I don't want to let my parents down!,G: Hindi mapapahiya ang aking magulang.
S: I don't want to let my parents down!,E: Hindi mapapahiya ang aking mga magulang.
T: I don't ever want to let my country down!,G: Hindi mapapahiya ang aking bansa.
S: I don't ever want to let my country down!,E: Hindi mapapahiya ang aking bansa.
T: Most importantly... S: Most importantly...,G: Higit sa lahat ... E: Higit sa lahat ...
T: I don't want to let myself down!,G: Hindi ko ipapahiya ang sarili ko.
S: I don't want to let myself down!,E: Hindi ko ipapahiya ang sarili ko.
How many people are trying to learn English worldwide?,Jay Walker: Gaano na ba karami sa buong mundo ang nais matutong mag-Ingles?
Two billion of them.,Dalawang bilyon.
Students: A t-shirt. A dress.,Estudyante: T-shirt. Damit.
"Jay Walker: In Latin America, in India, in Southeast Asia, and most of all, in China.","JW: Sa Timog Amerika, sa Indiya, sa Timog-Silangang Asya, at malaking bahagi ng Tsina."
"If you're a Chinese student, you start learning English in the third grade, by law.","Kung ikaw ay isang estudyanteng Tsino sa ikatlong baitang nagsisimula ang pag-aaral ng Ingles, sang-ayon sa batas."
"That's why this year, China will become the world's largest English-speaking country.",Kaya't ngayong taon ang Tsina ang magiging pangatlo sa pinakamalaking bansang gumagamit ng Ingles.
(Laughter) Why English?,(Tawanan) Bakit Ingles? Sa madaling salita: Oportunidad.
"Opportunity for a better life, a job, to be able to pay for school, or put better food on the table.","Oportunidad tungo sa magandang buhay at hanap-buhay, upang makapasok sa magandang paaralan, at pagkain sa hapag-kainan."
Imagine a student taking a giant test for three full days.,Ang mag-aaral na'to ay kukuha ng pagsusulit sa loob ng 3 araw.
Her score on this one test literally determines her future.,Ang markang makukuha niya sa pagsusulit na'to ang magdidikta sa kanyang hinaharap.
She studies 12 hours a day for three years to prepare.,Nag-aaral siya ng 12 oras kada araw sa loob ng 3 taon upang makapaghanda.
Twenty-five percent of her grade is based on English.,25 bahagdan ng kanyang marka ay nasa Ingles.
"It's called the gaokao, and 80 million high school Chinese students have already taken this grueling test.",Ito ang Gaokao. At 80 milyong mag-aaral sa hayskul sa Tsina ang dumaan na sa matinding pagsusulit na ito.
"The intensity to learn English is almost unimaginable, unless you witness it.",Ang sidhi upang matutong mag-Ingles ay hindi kapanipaniwala. Dapat makita ito ng dalawang mata mo.
Teacher: Perfect! Students: Perfect!,Guro: Mahusay! Estudyante: Mahusay!
T: Perfect! S: Perfect!,G: Mahusay! E: Mahusay!
T: I want to speak perfect English!,G: Gusto kong husayan ang pag-iingles.
S: I want to speak perfect English!,E: Gusto kong husayan ang pag-iingles.
T: I want to speak ... S: I want to speak ...,G: Gusto kong husayan -- E: Gusto kong husayan --
T: ... perfect English! S: ... perfect English!,G: ang pag-iingles. E: ang pag-iingles.
T (yelling more loudly): I want to change my life!,G: Gusto kong mabago ang aking buhay!
S (yelling more loudly): I want to change my life!,E: Gusto kong mabago ang aking buhay!
JW: So is English mania good or bad?,"JW: Kaya, maganda ba ang pagkahibang sa wikang Ingles?"
"Is English a tsunami, washing away other languages?","Naging tsunami na nga ba ang Ingles, na binubura ang ibang wika?"
Not likely.,Hindi siguro. Ang Ingles ay ang pangalawang wika ng mundo.
Your native language is your life.,Ang katutubong wika ang iyong pagkatao.
"But with English you can become part of a wider conversation -- a global conversation about global problems, like climate change or poverty, or hunger or disease.","Ngunit gamit ang Ingles, nagiging bahagi ka sa mas malawak na usapan. Isang pandaidigang usapan tungkol sa mga pandaigdigang suliranin. Gaya ng climate change o karukhaan. O pagkagutom o karamdaman."
The world has other universal languages.,Maraming universal language ang mundo.
Mathematics is the language of science.,Ang matematika ang lengwahe ng agham.
Music is the language of emotions.,Musika ang lengwahe ng damdamin.
And now English is becoming the language of problem-solving.,At ngayon ang wikang Ingles ang lengwahe ng pagtukoy ng mga suliranin.
"Not because America is pushing it, but because the world is pulling it.",Hindi dahil ito ang gusto ng Amerika. Kundi dahil ito ang gamit ng mundo.
So English mania is a turning point.,Kaya ang pagkahibang sa wikang Ingles ay turning point.
"Like the harnessing of electricity in our cities, or the fall of the Berlin Wall, English represents hope for a better future -- a future where the world has a common language to solve its common problems.","Tulad ng paglaganap ng elektrisidad sa ating mga lungsod, o ang pagtibag sa Berlin Wall, dala ng wikang Ingles ang pag-asa sa mas magandang bukas. Isang bukas na may iisang lengwahe upang isaayos ang mga suliranin ng kasalukuyan."
Thank you very much.,Maraming salamat.
(Applause),(Palakpakan)
,
"Now, if President Obama invited me to be the next Czar of Mathematics, then I would have a suggestion for him that I think would vastly improve the mathematics education in this country.","Ngayon, kung inimbita ako ni Pangulong Obama na maging Emperador ng Matematika, meron akong payo para sa kanya na sa tingin ko na magpapahusay nang husto sa edukasyon ng matematika sa bansang ito."
And it would be easy to implement and inexpensive.,At madali lang ito iisagawa at mura pa.
The mathematics curriculum that we have is based on a foundation of arithmetic and algebra.,Ang kurikulum ng matematika natin ngayon ay may batayan sa arithmetic at algebra.
And everything we learn after that is building up towards one subject.,At lahat ng mga natutunan natin matapos nun ay patungo sa isang paksa.
"And at top of that pyramid, it's calculus.",At ang nasa tuktok ng piramide ay ang calculus.
And I'm here to say that I think that that is the wrong summit of the pyramid ...,At naririto ako para sabihin na yun ang maling tuktok ng piramide ...
"that the correct summit -- that all of our students, every high school graduate should know -- should be statistics: probability and statistics.","na ang tamang tuktok – na nararapat alamin ng ating mga mag-aaral, na nararapat alamin ng bawat high school graduate – ay ang estatistika: ang probabilidad at ang estatistika."
"(Applause) I mean, don't get me wrong. Calculus is an important subject.",(Palakpakan) Oo alam ko ngang mahalaga ang calculus.
It's one of the great products of the human mind.,Isa ito sa pinakamagaling na produkto ng utak ng tao.
The laws of nature are written in the language of calculus.,Nakasulat ang mga batas ng kalikasan sa wika ng calculus.
"And every student who studies math, science, engineering, economics, they should definitely learn calculus by the end of their freshman year of college.","At lahat ng estudyante na nag-aaral ng matematika, agham, pag-iinhinyero, ekonomika, ay nangangailangan talagang pag-aralan ang calculus pagsapit ng katapusan ng primer anyo ng kolehiyo."
"But I'm here to say, as a professor of mathematics, that very few people actually use calculus in a conscious, meaningful way, in their day-to-day lives.","Pero naririto ako para sabihin na, bilang isang propesor ng matematika, konting-konti lang ang mga tao na gumagamit ng calculus sa sadya at makabuluhang pamamaraan, sa kanilang pang-araw-araw na kabuhayan."
"On the other hand, statistics -- that's a subject that you could, and should, use on daily basis. Right?","Sa isang banda, ang estatistika – isang paksa na maaari, at nararapat, gamitin araw-araw."
It's risk. It's reward. It's randomness.,Diba? Ito'y panganib. Ito'y gantimpala.
It's understanding data.,Ito'y sapalaran. Ito'y pag-uunawa ng data.
"I think if our students, if our high school students -- if all of the American citizens -- knew about probability and statistics, we wouldn't be in the economic mess that we're in today. (Laughter) (Applause) Not only -- thank you -- not only that ...","Sa tingin ko na kung alam ng ating mga mag-aaral – kung alam ng lahat ng mga Amerikano ang probabilidad at estatistika, hindi siguro magulo ang ekonomiya natin ngayon. Hindi lang – salamat – hindi lang yun ..."
"but if it's taught properly, it can be a lot of fun.","[ngunit] kung tama ang pagturo nito, maaaring maging masaya ito."
"I mean, probability and statistics, it's the mathematics of games and gambling.","Ibig sabihin, ang probabilidad at ang estatistika, ay ang matematika ng laro at pagsusugal."
It's analyzing trends. It's predicting the future.,Pagsusuri ito ng mga trend. Panghuhula ng kinabukasan.
"Look, the world has changed from analog to digital.","Alam nyo, lumipat na ang mundo sa digital mula sa analog."
"And it's time for our mathematics curriculum to change from analog to digital, from the more classical, continuous mathematics, to the more modern, discrete mathematics -- the mathematics of uncertainty, of randomness, of data -- that being probability and statistics.","At panahon na para baguhin ang kurikulum ng matematika natin patungong digital mula sa analog. Mula sa mas klasiko na 'continuous mathematics', patungo sa mas makabago na 'discrete mathematics.' Ang matematika ng walang kasiguraduhan, ng ala-suwerte (randomness), ng data – at yun ang probabilidad at estatistika."
"In summary, instead of our students learning about the techniques of calculus, I think it would be far more significant if all of them knew what two standard deviations from the mean means. And I mean it.","Sa kabuuan, imbis na pag-aralan ng ating mga estudyante ang mga paraan ng calculus, sa tingin ko mas magiging mahalaga kung alam nilang lahat kung ano ang ibig sabihin ng dalawang standard deviations mula sa mean."
Thank you very much.,Maraming salamat po.
(Applause),(Palakpakan)
,
"This is really a two-hour presentation I give to high school students, cut down to three minutes.",Madalas ay dalawang oras ang haba ng presentasyon na ito pag ibinigay ko sa mga mag-aaral ng high school pinaikli ko ito sa tatlong minuto lang. Nagsimula ang lahat habang ako'y nasa eroplano papuntang TED
"And it all started one day on a plane, on my way to TED, seven years ago.",pitong taon na ang nakalilipas. At nakaupo sa tabi ko
"And in the seat next to me was a high school student, a teenager, and she came from a really poor family.","ay isang mag-aaral ng high school, isang teenager at mula siya sa isang talagang mahirap na pamilya."
"And she wanted to make something of her life, and she asked me a simple little question.","Nais niyang maging makabuluhan ang buhay niya, kaya't tinanong niya ako. Sabi niya, ""Ano ang kailangan ko gawin para magtagumpay sa buhay?"
"She said, ""What leads to success?""","At sumama ang loob ko,"
"And I felt really badly, because I couldn't give her a good answer.",dahil wala akong mahusay na sagot na maibibigay sa kanya.
"So I get off the plane, and I come to TED.","Kaya sa pagbaba ko mula sa eroplano, at pagpunta ko sa TED,"
"And I think, jeez, I'm in the middle of a room of successful people!","naisip ko, onga pala, ako'y napaliligiran ng mga taong nagtagumpay na sa buhay!"
"So why don't I ask them what helped them succeed, and pass it on to kids?","Bakit hindi ko kaya sila tanungin kung ano ang nakatulong sa kanilang pagtagumpay, at ituro ito sa kabataan?"
"So here we are, seven years, 500 interviews later, and I'm going to tell you what really leads to success and makes TEDsters tick.","So narito tayo, pagkatapos ng pitong taon at limang daan na interview, at sasabihin ko sa inyo kung ano ang patungo sa tagumpay at kung ano ang nagpapatakbo sa mga TED-sters."
And the first thing is passion.,Ang pinakauna ay ang pusok ng damdamin.
"Freeman Thomas says, ""I'm driven by my passion.""","Sabi ni Freeman Thomas, ""Pinatatakbo ako ng pusok ng aking damdamin."""
TEDsters do it for love; they don't do it for money.,"Nagpapatuloy ang mga TED-sters sa ginagawa nila dahil sa pagmamahal, hindi dahil sa pera."
"Carol Coletta says, ""I would pay someone to do what I do.""","Sabi ni Carol Coletta, ""Handa akong bayaran ang taong kaya ang trabaho ko."""
"And the interesting thing is: if you do it for love, the money comes anyway.","At ang pinakanakatatawag pansin ay, kung ginawa mo ang isang bagay dahil mahal mo ito, darating din ang pera."
"Work! Rupert Murdoch said to me, ""It's all hard work.","Sipag! Sabi ni Rupert Murdoch sa akin, ""Puro sipag ang kailangan."""
"Nothing comes easily. But I have a lot of fun.""",Walang madali. Pero nasisiyahan ako.
Did he say fun? Rupert? Yes!,Sinabi niya bang nasisiyahan? Rupert?
(Laughter) TEDsters do have fun working. And they work hard.,Oo! Nasisiyahan ang mga TED-sters sa trabaho nila. At masipag sila.
"I figured, they're not workaholics. They're workafrolics.","Naisip ko, hindi sila lulong sa pagtrabaho, pinaghahalo nila ang trabaho at laro"
(Laughter) Good!,"Okey! ""Kung gusto mong magtagumpay, pag-igihan mo ang pansin sa isang bagay"
"(Applause) Alex Garden says, ""To be successful, put your nose down in something and get damn good at it.""","at sobrang galingan mo."" Walang magik, puro ensayo, ensayo, ensayo."
And it's focus.,At mahalaga rin ang pokus.
"Norman Jewison said to me, ""I think it all has to do with focusing yourself on one thing.""","Sabi ni Norman Jewison sa akin, ""Kailangangang i-pokus mo ang sarili mo sa isang bagay."""
And push!,"At magsumikap! Sabi ni David Gallo, ""Magsumikap ka"
"Physically, mentally, you've got to push, push, push.""","sa pisikal at mental na aspeto, kailangangang magsumikap, magsumikap, magsumikap."""
You've got to push through shyness and self-doubt.,Kailangan lamapasan mo ang pagkamahiyain at pagduda sa sarili.
"Goldie Hawn says, ""I always had self-doubts.","Sabi ni Goldie Hawn. ""Lagi akong may pag-aalinlangan."
I wasn't good enough; I wasn't smart enough.,"Hindi sapat ang galing ko, hindi sapat ang talino ko."
"I didn't think I'd make it.""","Hindi ko inakalang kakayanin ko."""
"Now it's not always easy to push yourself, and that's why they invented mothers.","Hindi laging madaling magsumikap, kaya naimbento ang mga nanay."
"(Laughter) (Applause) Frank Gehry said to me, ""My mother pushed me.""","(Tawanan) Frank Gehry – Sabi ni Frank Gehry sa akin, ""Tinulak ako ng nanay ko."""
(Laughter) Serve!,"Magsilbi! Sabi ni Sherwin Nulang, ""Isang pribilehiyo ang magsilbi bilang duktor."""
A lot of kids want to be millionaires.,"Ngayon, marami sa kabataan ang nagsasabi sa akin na nais nila maging milyonaryo."
"The first thing I say is: ""OK, well you can't serve yourself; you've got to serve others something of value.","At ang unang sinasabi ko sa kanila ay, OK, hindi mo maaring pagsilbihan ang sarili mo, kailangan may halaga kang maibahagi sa iba."
"Because that's the way people really get rich.""","Sa ganoong paraan yumayaman ang tao."""
Ideas!,"Mga ideya. Sabi ni TED-ster Bill Gates, ""Nagkaroon ako ng ideya –"
"TEDster Bill Gates says, ""I had an idea: founding the first micro-computer software company.""",ang pagtatag ng unang kumpanya ng micro-computer software.'
I'd say it was a pretty good idea.,Masasabi kong maganda ang ideya niya.
And there's no magic to creativity in coming up with ideas -- it's just doing some very simple things.,"at walang magik sa pagiging malikhain sa pag-iisip ng mga ideya, nasa paggawa ito ng mga simpleng bagay-bagay."
And I give lots of evidence.,At marami akong binibigay na katibayan.
Persist!,"Magtiyaga. Sabi ni Joe Kraus,"
"Joe Kraus says, ""Persistence is the number one reason for our success.""","Ang pagtitiyaga ang unang dahilan ng aming tagumpay."""
You've got to persist through failure. You've got to persist through crap!,Kailangan kang magtiyaga kahit na mabigo. Kailangan magtiyaga para malampasan ang hirap!
"Which of course means ""Criticism, Rejection, Assholes and Pressure.""","Ibig sabihin ""Pagpuna, Pagtanggi, mga Gago at Pighati."""
"(Laughter) So, the answer to this question is simple: Pay 4,000 bucks and come to TED.","(Tawanan) Kaya, simple lang ang sagot sa tanong na ito: Magbayad ng apat na libong dolyar at pumunta sa TED."
"(Laughter) Or failing that, do the eight things -- and trust me, these are the big eight things that lead to success.","O, kung hindi maaari, gawin ang walong bagay – at maniwala ka, ito ang walong malaking mga bagay na tutungo sa tagumpay."
Thank you TEDsters for all your interviews!,Maraming salamat mga TED-sters para sa lahat ng inyong interview!
,
"In 2008, Cyclone Nargis devastated Myanmar.","Noong 2008, sinalanta ng Bagyong Nargis ang Myanmar."
Millions of people were in severe need of help.,Milyung-milyong tao ang nangailangan ng tulong.
The U.N. wanted to rush people and supplies to the area.,Gusto sana ng U.N. na mapabilis ang pagdating ng mga tao at gamit na tutulong sa lugar.
"But there were no maps, no maps of roads, no maps showing hospitals, no way for help to reach the cyclone victims.","Subalit walang mga mapang magagamit, walang mapa ng mga kalye't daan, walang mapa ng mga ospital, at walang paraan upang maihatid ang tulong sa mga nasalanta."
"When we look at a map of Los Angeles or London, it is hard to believe that as of 2005, only 15 percent of the world was mapped to a geo-codable level of detail.","Kung titingnan natin ang mapa ng Los Angeles o London mahirap paniwalaan na noong 2005, 15 porsyento lamang ng buong mundo ang naiguhit at naidetalye na sa mapa."
The U.N. ran headfirst into a problem that the majority of the world's populous faces: not having detailed maps.,Napatunayan ng U.N. ang problemang ito na kinakaharap ng higit na nakakarami ng sangkatauhan: ang kawalan ng mga detalyadong mapa.
But help was coming.,May tulong na paparating.
"At Google, 40 volunteers used a new software to map 120,000 kilometers of roads, 3,000 hospitals, logistics and relief points.","Sa Google, may 40 boluntaryo na ang gumamit ng makabagong software upang maiguhit ang 120,000 kilometro ng kalsada, 3,000 ospital, at mga relief centers."
And it took them four days.,Inabot lang sila ng 4 na araw.
The new software they used? Google Mapmaker.,Ang ginamit nilang bagong software?
Google Mapmaker is a technology that empowers each of us to map what we know locally.,Google Mapmaker. Ang Google Mapmaker ay teknolohiyang nagbibigay kakayahan sa bawat isa sa atin na iguhit sa mapa ang lokal na kaalaman.
"People have used this software to map everything from roads to rivers, from schools to local businesses, and video stores to the corner store.","Ginagamit ng mga tao ang software na ito upang matukoy sa mapa ang mga kalsada at ilog, mga paaralan at lokal na kalakal, mga video store at tindahan sa may kanto."
Maps matter.,Mahalaga ang mga mapa.
Nobel Prize nominee Hernando De Soto recognized that the key to economic liftoff for most developing countries is to tap the vast amounts of uncapitalized land.,"Kinilala ni Hernando De Soto, nominado sa Nobel Prize, na susi sa tuluyang pag-angat ng ekonomiya ng mahihirap na bansa ang pagpapalago ng mga di-napapakinabangang lupain."
"For example, a trillion dollars of real estate remains uncapitalized in India alone.","Halimbawa, isang trilyong dolyar na halaga ng lupa ang hindi pa nagagamit sa India pa lang."
"In the last year alone, thousands of users in 170 countries have mapped millions of pieces of information, and created a map of a level of detail never thought viable.","Noong nakaraang taon lang, libu-libong tao sa 170 bansa ang nakapag-imbag ng milyung-milyong impormasyon, at nakabuo na ng mga detalyadong mapa na di mo aakalaing mapapakinabangan."
And this was made possible by the power of passionate users everywhere.,Naging posible ito sa tulong ng pinagsamang kakayanan ng mga tao mula sa kung saan-saan.
Let's look at some of the maps being created by users right now.,Tingnan natin ang ilan sa mga mapang binubuo ngayon ng mga gumagamit ng teknolohiya.
"So, as we speak, people are mapping the world in these 170 countries.","Habang tayo'y nag-uusap ngayon, maraming tao ang gumuguhit ng mga mapa mula sa 170 na bansa."
You can see Bridget in Africa who just mapped a road in Senegal.,Makikita natin si Bridget sa Africa na nakapagguhit ng kalsada sa Senegal.
"And, closer to home, Chalua, an N.G. road in Bangalore.","Dito sa'tin, si Chalua naman, ang Kalye N.G."
"This is the result of computational geometry, gesture recognition, and machine learning.","sa Bangalore. Ito ang bunga ng computational geometry, gesture recognition, at machine learning."
"This is a victory of thousands of users, in hundreds of cities, one user, one edit at a time.","Tagumpay ito ng libu-libong gumagamit ng teknolohiya, sa daan-daang lungsod, isang tao bawat isang edit."
This is an invitation to the 70 percent of our unmapped planet.,Ito ay paanyaya sa 70 porsiyento ng ating planeta na hindi pa naiguguhit.
Welcome to the new world.,Maligayang pagdating sa makabagong mundo.
(Applause),(Palakpakan)
,
"So, imagine you're standing on a street anywhere in America and a Japanese man comes up to you and says, ""Excuse me, what is the name of this block?""","Isipin niyo na kayo ay nakatayo sa isang kalye saan man sa Amerika at isang Hapon ang lumapit sa iyo at nagtanong, ""Mawalang galang na po, ano po ba ang pangalan ng block na ito?"""
"And you say, ""I'm sorry, well, this is Oak Street, that's Elm Street.","At sinabi mo, ""Paumanhin po. Ito ay Oak Street, at iyan ay Elm Street."
"This is 26th, that's 27th.""","Dito naman ay 26th, iyan ay 27th."""
"He says, ""OK, but what is the name of that block?""","Sabi niya, ""Ah, okay. Ano ang pangalan ng block na iyan?"""
"You say, ""Well, blocks don't have names.","Sagot mo, ""Wala pong pangalan ang mga blocks."""
"Streets have names; blocks are just the unnamed spaces in between streets.""","Ang mga kalye meron; ang mga block ay mga espasyo lamang na walang pangalan sa pagitan ng mga kalye."""
"He leaves, a little confused and disappointed.",Umalis siyang nalilito at dismayado.
"So, now imagine you're standing on a street, anywhere in Japan, you turn to a person next to you and say, ""Excuse me, what is the name of this street?""","Ngayon, isipin mo na ikaw ay nakatayo sa isang kalye, saan man sa Japan, lumingon ka sa taong katabi mo at nagtanong, ""Paumanhin po, ano po ba ang pangalan ng kalyeng ito?"""
"They say, ""Oh, well that's Block 17 and this is Block 16.""","Sabi nila, ""Oh, iyan ay block 17 at dito ay block 16."""
"And you say, ""OK, but what is the name of this street?""","At sabi mo, ""Okay, pero ano ang pangalan ng kalyeng ito?"""
"And they say, ""Well, streets don't have names.","Tapos sagot nila, ""Walang pangalan ang mga kalye."
Blocks have names.,Ang mga blocks meron.
"Just look at Google Maps here. There's Block 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19.","Tingnan mo sa Google Maps dito. Merong block 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19."
"All of these blocks have names, and the streets are just the unnamed spaces in between the blocks.",Merong pangalan ang lahat ng mga block. Ang mga kalye ay mga espasyong walang pangalan sa pagitan ng mga blocks.
"And you say then, ""OK, then how do you know your home address?""","At sinabi mo, ""Okay, so paano mo malaman ang address ng iyong tirahan?"""
"He said, ""Well, easy, this is District Eight.","Sabi niya, ""Madali lang, dito ay District Eight."
"There's Block 17, house number one.""","Nandyan ang block 17,Unang tirahan."""
"You say, ""OK, but walking around the neighborhood, I noticed that the house numbers don't go in order.""","Sinabi mo, ""Okay, Pero sa paglalakad ko sa paligid, Napansin ko na hindi sunod-sunod ang mga numero ng bahay."""
"He says, ""Of course they do. They go in the order in which they were built.","Sabi niya, ""Syempre. Binibigay ang numero ayon sa pagkakasunod-sunod ng pagpapatayo ng gusali."
The first house ever built on a block is house number one.,Ang pinaka-unang bahay na ginawa sa isang block ang may unang bilang.
The second house ever built is house number two.,Ang pangalawang bahay na ginawa ay may pangalawang bilang.
"Third is house number three. It's easy. It's obvious.""",Ang pangatlo ay pangatlong bilang. Madali lang.
"So, I love that sometimes we need to go to the opposite side of the world to realize assumptions we didn't even know we had, and realize that the opposite of them may also be true.","Halata nga e."" Kaya, nakakatuwa na minsa'y kailangan nating pumunta sa kabilang panig ng mundo upang matanto ang mga pagpapalagay na hindi natin inaakala, at malaman natin na ang kabaligtaran nila ay maari din maging tama."
"So, for example, there are doctors in China who believe that it's their job to keep you healthy.","Kaya, halimbawa, may mga manggagamot sa Tsina na naniniwalang ang trabaho nila ay panatilihing malusog ang inyong pangangatawan."
"So, any month you are healthy you pay them, and when you're sick you don't have to pay them because they failed at their job. They get rich when you're healthy, not sick.","Kaya, sa bawat buwan na kayo ay malusog, binabayaran niyo sila, at kung ikaw man ay magsakit, hindi mo kailangan magbayad dahil sila ay nabigo sa kanilang trabaho. Yumayaman sila kapag ika'y malusog, hindi kung ika'y may-sakit."
"(Applause) In most music, we think of the ""one"" as the downbeat, the beginning of the musical phrase: one, two, three, four.","(Palakpakan) Sa mga musika, iniisip na ang ""isa"" ay para sa downbeat, at ang simula ng musical phrase."
"But in West African music, the ""one"" is thought of as the end of the phrase, like the period at the end of a sentence.","Isa, dalawa tatlo apat. Ngunit sa musika ng Kanlurang Africa, ang ""isa"" ay ang dulo ng bawat taludtod, kagaya ng tuldok sa katapusan ng isang pangungusap."
"So, you can hear it not just in the phrasing, but the way they count off their music: two, three, four, one.","Kaya, napapakinggan niyo ito hindi lamang sa bawat taludtod, ngunit pati din sa paraan kung paano nila binibilang ang kanilang musika. Dalawa, tatlo, apat, isa."
And this map is also accurate.,At ang mapang ito ay wastong-wasto.
"(Laughter) There's a saying that whatever true thing you can say about India, the opposite is also true.","(Tawanan) May kasabihan na anumang totoong bagay ang sabihin mo tungkol sa India, ang kabaligtaran nito ay totoo rin."
"So, let's never forget, whether at TED, or anywhere else, that whatever brilliant ideas you have or hear, that the opposite may also be true.","Kaya, huwag nating kalimutan, sa TED man o kahit saan pa, na anumang magandang ideyang naisip o narinig mo, ang kabaligtaran nito ay maaring tama rin."
Domo arigato gozaimashita.,Domo arigato gozaimashita.
,
"Now, I want to start with a question: When was the last time you were called ""childish""?","Ngayon, nais kong magsimula sa isang tanong: Kailan kayo huling tinawag na ""isip bata""?"
"For kids like me, being called childish can be a frequent occurrence.","Sa mga batang tulad ko ang matawag na ""isip-bata"" ay madalas mangyari."
"Every time we make irrational demands, exhibit irresponsible behavior, or display any other signs of being normal American citizens, we are called childish.","Tuwing may hihingin kaming mala-imposible, magpakita ng iresponsableng pagkilos, o magpakita ng ano pa mang taliwas sa pagiging normal na mamamayang Amerikano, kami ay binabansagang ""isip bata"","
Which really bothers me.,na talagang nakakabahala.
"After all, take a look at these events: Imperialism and colonization, world wars, George W. Bush.","Kung titignan nating ang mga kaganapang ito: imperyalismo at kolonyalismo, mga digmaang pandaigdig, si George W. Bush."
"Ask yourself, who's responsible? Adults.",Tanungin nyo nga: Sino ang may kagagawaan?
"Now, what have kids done?","Mga matatanda. Ngayon, ano naman ang nagawa ng mga bata?"
"Well, Anne Frank touched millions with her powerful account of the Holocaust.","Hinimok ni Anne Frank ang milyung-milyon sa pagsasalaysay tungkol sa Holocaust,"
Ruby Bridges helped to end segregation in the United States.,"si Ruby Bridges, na winakasan ang segregation (pagbubukod-bukod) sa Estados Unidos,"
"And, most recently, Charlie Simpson helped to raise 120,000 pounds for Haiti, on his little bike.","at kamakailan lang, si Charlie Simpson na nakatulong makaipon ng 120,000 pounds para sa Haiti gamit ang kanyang mumunting bisikleta."
"So as you can see evidenced by such examples, age has absolutely nothing to do with it.","Sa mga halimbawang ito, makikita nating walang kinalaman ang edad."
"The traits the word ""childish"" addresses are seen so often in adults, that we should abolish this age-discriminatory word, when it comes to criticizing behavior associated with irresponsibility and irrational thinking.","Ang pinahihiwatig ng salitang ""isip bata"" ay napakadalas ring makita sa mga matatanda kung kaya't dapat itigil na ang paggamit ng salitang ito kung ito'y patungkol sa pag-aasal na iresponsable at pag-iisip na walang katuturan. (Palakpakan)"
(Applause) Thank you.,Salamat.
"Then again, who's to say that certain types of irrational thinking aren't exactly what the world needs?",Sino nga ba ang magsasabi na hindi natin kailangan ng ganitong uri ng pag-iisip?
"Maybe you've had grand plans before, but stopped yourself, thinking, ""That's impossible,"" or ""That costs too much,"" or ""That won't benefit me.""","Dati ba'y nagkaroon kayo ng dakilang plano, ngunit napatigil at napaisip: ito'y imposible o hindi kaya'y sobrang gastos o hindi ito kapakipakinabang sa akin."
"For better or worse, we kids aren't hampered as much when it comes to thinking about reasons why not to do things.",Kaming mga bata ay hindi kasing dali sumuko sa mga imposibleng bagay.
"Kids can be full of inspiring aspirations and hopeful thinking, like my wish that no one went hungry, or that everything were free, a kind of utopia.","Punung-puno ang mga bata ng masisiglang hangad at pag-asa, gaya ng nais ko na walang magugutom o lahat ng bagay ay libre na parang utopia."
"How many of you still dream like that, and believe in the possibilities?",Ilan sa inyo ang nananaginip ng ganun at naniniwala na posible iyon?
"Sometimes a knowledge of history and the past failures of Utopian ideals can be a burden, because you know that if everything were free, then the food stocks would become depleted and scarce and lead to chaos.","Minsan ang ating natutunan sa kasaysaysan at mga kabiguan sa mga ideolohiyang utopian ay nagiging pabigat dahil kung gagawing libre ang lahat ng bagay, mauubos ang lahat ng pagkain, maghihikahos at magkakagulo."
"On the other hand, we kids still dream about perfection.","Sa kabilang banda, kami'y nangangarap pa rin ng mundong perpekto."
"And that's a good thing, because in order to make anything a reality, you have to dream about it first.","At iyon ay mabuti dahil upang makamit natin ang isang bagay, pinapangarap muna natin ito."
"In many ways, our audacity to imagine helps push the boundaries of possibility.",Ang mapangahas na kaisipan ang nagpapalawak ng mga posibilidad.
"For instance, the Museum of Glass in Tacoma, Washington, my home state -- yoohoo, Washington!","Halimbawa, sa Museum of Glass sa Tacoma, Washington, ang aking home state -- yoohoo Washington --"
"(Applause) has a program called Kids Design Glass, and kids draw their own ideas for glass art.","(Palakpakan) may proyektong Kids Design Glass, kung saan iginuguhit ng mga bata sa salamin ang mga ideya."
"The resident artist said they got some of their best ideas from the program, because kids don't think about the limitations of how hard it can be to blow glass into certain shapes, they just think of good ideas.",Nabanggit ng resident artist ng museo na ang ilan sa pinakamahusay na ideya ay mula sa proyekto dahil walang limitasyon ang imahenasyon ng mga bata kahit gaano kahirap man i-blow glass ang mga hugis na ito. Pawang magagandang ideya lamang.
"Now, when you think of glass, you might think of colorful Chihuly designs, or maybe Italian vases, but kids challenge glass artists to go beyond that, into the realm of brokenhearted snakes and bacon boys, who you can see has meat vision.","Kapag nag-isip ka ng babasaging kristal, maaaring makukulay na disenyong Chihuly ang maisip mo o di kaya'y mga plorerang Italyano, ngunit hinahamon ng mga bata ang mga glass artists na bumuo ng mga disenyong ahas na nabigo sa pag-ibig at bacon boys, na may kapangyarihang meat vision."
"(Laughter) Now, our inherent wisdom doesn't have to be insider's knowledge.",(Halakhakan) Ang angking talino namin ay hindi naman monopolyo ng kabataan.
"Kids already do a lot of learning from adults, and we have a lot to share.","Natututo ang mga bata mula sa mga matatanda, at marami din kaming maibabahagi."
I think that adults should start learning from kids.,Palagay ko marapat simulan ng mga matatanda na makinig sa mga bata.
"Now, I do most of my speaking in front of an education crowd -- teachers and students, and I like this analogy: It shouldn't be a teacher at the head of the class, telling students, ""Do this, do that.""","Madalas akong naiimbitahang magsalita sa harap ng mga guro at mag-aaral, at lagi kong ginagamit ang ganitong paghahambing: Hindi lamang guro sa harap ng silid-aralan ang may karapatang magsabi na gawin ito o gawin yan."
The students should teach their teachers.,Marapat na turuan din ng mga estudyante ang mga guro.
Learning between grown-ups and kids should be reciprocal.,Ang kaalaman ng mga matatanda at bata ay dapat gawing palitan.
"The reality, unfortunately, is a little different, and it has a lot to do with trust, or a lack of it.","Sa kasamaang-palad, hindi ganito ang nangyayari, at ito'y dahil sa pagtitiwala, o sa kakulangan nito."
"Now, if you don't trust someone, you place restrictions on them, right?","Kung wala kang tiwala sa isang tao, may mga limitasyon kang nilalagay."
"If I doubt my older sister's ability to pay back the 10 percent interest I established on her last loan, I'm going to withhold her ability to get more money from me, until she pays it back.","Kung pinagdududahan ko ang ate ko na mababayaran niya ang 10 porsiyentong interes na patong ko sa kanyang huling utang, hindi ko na siya pauutangin muli hangga't mabayaran niya ako."
"(Laughter) True story, by the way.",(Halakhakan) Totoo yun.
"Now, adults seem to have a prevalently restrictive attitude towards kids, from every ""Don't do that, don't do this"" in the school handbook, to restrictions on school Internet use.","Ngayon, madalas pinaghihigpitan ng mga matatanda ang mga bata mula sa mga ""bawal"" na mga alituntunin sa student handbook, sa paghihigpit sa paggamit ng internet sa paaralan."
"As history points out, regimes become oppressive when they're fearful about keeping control.",Patunay sa kasaysayan na nagiging malupit ang pamahalaan kapag ito'y natatakot na mawalan ng kontrol.
"And although adults may not be quite at the level of totalitarian regimes, kids have no or very little say in making the rules, when really, the attitude should be reciprocal, meaning that the adult population should learn and take into account the wishes of the younger population.","At bagamat hindi pa umaabot ang mga matatanda sa pagiging diktadurya, wala o napakaliit ng ""say"" ng mga bata sa mga alituntunin, na dapat sana ay gawing palitan, at dapat matuto ang mga matatanda na makinig sa mga ninanais ng mga kabataan."
"Now, what's even worse than restriction, is that adults often underestimate kids' abilities.",Higit na nakakabahala ay ang pagmamaliit ng mga matatanda sa kakayahan ng mga kabataan.
"We love challenges, but when expectations are low, trust me, we will sink to them.","Gusto namin ang paghamon, subalit kapag maliit lang ang inaasahan sa amin, hindi rin kami makakaalpas."
My own parents had anything but low expectations for me and my sister.,Hindi naging mababa ang ekspektasyon ng aking magulang sa akin at sa aking ate.
"Okay, so they didn't tell us to become doctors or lawyers or anything like that, but my dad did read to us about Aristotle and pioneer germ-fighters, when lots of other kids were hearing ""The Wheels on the Bus Go Round and Round.""","Hindi nila kami sinabihan na maging mga doktor o abogado o ano pa man, bagamat laging binabasa ng aking tatay sa amin sila Aristotle at ang mga pioneer germ fighters habang ang ibang mga bata ay nakikinig ng ""The Wheels on the Bus Go Round and Round."""
"Well, we heard that one too, but ""Pioneer Germ Fighters"" totally rules.","Alam din namin yun, pero sa ""Pioneer Germ Fighters"" pa din kami."
"(Laughter) I loved to write from the age of four, and when I was six, my mom bought me my own laptop equipped with Microsoft Word.",(Halakhakan) Mula nung ako'y apat na taon gusto ko nang magsulat at nung ako'y anim na taon binili ako ng aking nanay ng isang laptop na may Microsoft Word.
"Thank you, Bill Gates, and thank you, Ma.",Maraming salamat Bill Gates at inay.
"I wrote over 300 short stories on that little laptop, and I wanted to get published.","Nakasulat ako ng mahigit sa 300 maiikling kuwento sa maliit kong laptop, at ang hangad ko'y malathala sila."
"Instead of just scoffing at this heresy that a kid wanted to get published, or saying wait until you're older, my parents were really supportive.","Sa halip na hamakin itong maling paniniwala ng isang bata nagnanais na malathala, o kaya'y sabihin maghintay na tumanda, sinuportahan ako ng aking mga magulang."
Many publishers were not quite so encouraging.,Maraming mga tagapaglathala ang nakakadismaya.
One large children's publisher ironically said that they didn't work with children.,May isang tagapaglathala ng librong pambata ang nagsabi na hindi sila nakikipagugnayan sa mga bata.
Children's publisher not working with children?,Isang pambatang tagapaglathala na hindi nakikipaguugnayan sa mga bata?
"I don't know, you're kind of alienating a large client there.","Ewan ko lang, may malaki-laki atang grupo ng kliyente ang pinapabayaan nila."
"(Laughter) One publisher, Action Publishing, was willing to take that leap and trust me, and to listen to what I had to say.","(Halakhakan) Ngayon, may isang tagapaglathala, ang Action Publishing, na pumayag at nagtiwala sa akin, at nakinig sa aking gustong ipahiwatig."
"They published my first book, ""Flying Fingers,"" you see it here.","Sila ang naglathala ng una kong libro, ""Flying Fingers,"" -- itong nakikita n'yo --"
"And from there on, it's gone to speaking at hundreds of schools, keynoting to thousands of educators, and finally, today, speaking to you.","at mula roon, nakapagsalita na ako sa daan-daang paaralan, sa libu-libong guro, at, ngayon, sa inyo."
"I appreciate your attention today, because to show that you truly care, you listen.","Ako'y nalulugod sa inyong pakikinig ngayon, dahil ito'y nagpapakita na kayo ay tunay na nagmamalasakit, kayo ay nakikinig."
But there's a problem with this rosy picture of kids being so much better than adults.,Ngunit may problema sa malarosas ng larawan na ang kabataan ay mas mahusay sa mga matatanda.
Kids grow up and become adults just like you.,Ang mga bata ay lumalaki ant nagiging matanda tulad ninyo.
(Laughter) Or just like you? Really?,"(Halakhakan) Katulad ninyo, nga ba?"
"The goal is not to turn kids into your kind of adult, but rather, better adults than you have been, which may be a little challenging, considering your guys' credentials.","Ang layunin ay hindi hubugin ang mga bata na maging tulad ninyo, kundi ang maging mas mahusay kaysa sa inyo, na medyo mahirap gawin dahil ang huhusay niyo na,"
"(Laughter) But the way progress happens, is because new generations and new eras grow and develop and become better than the previous ones.","ngunit ang pag-unlad ay nagaganap dahil sa bagong henerasyon at ang makabagong panahon ay sumisibol, yumayabong at nagiging mas mabuti kaysa sa dati."
It's the reason we're not in the Dark Ages anymore.,Ito ang dahilan kung bakit wala na tayo sa Dark Ages.
"No matter your position or place in life, it is imperative to create opportunities for children, so that we can grow up to blow you away.","Ano pa man ang estado mo sa buhay, marapat bigyang pagkakataon ang kabataan upang kami'y lumaki na sisindak sa inyo."
"(Laughter) Adults and fellow TEDsters, you need to listen and learn from kids, and trust us and expect more from us.","(Halakhakan) Mga matatanda at kapwa TEDsters, kailangan niyong makinig at matuto sa mga bata at magtiwala at umasa sa amin."
"You must lend an ear today, because we are the leaders of tomorrow, which means we're going to take care of you when you're old and senile.","Bigyan ninyo kami ng atensyon ngayon, dahil kami ang magiging pinuno ng kinabukasan, at kami ang mag-aalaga sa inyo kapag kayo'y matanda na at uugod-ugod."
"No, just kidding.","Hindi, biro lang."
"(Laughter) No, really, we are going to be the next generation, the ones who will bring this world forward.","Sa totoo lang, kami ang susunod na henerasyon, ang henerasyon na magpapaunlad sa mundong ito."
"And in case you don't think that this really has meaning for you, remember that cloning is possible, and that involves going through childhood again, in which case you'll want to be heard, just like my generation.","At kung sa palagay ninyo'y wala itong kahulugan sa inyo, tandaan ninyo na posible na ang ""cloning"", at ito'y mangangahulugan na dadaan muli kayo sa pagkabata, at nanaisin n'yo ring mapakinggan katulad ng aming henerasyon."
"Now, the world needs opportunities for new leaders and new ideas.","Ngayon, kailangan ng mundo ng mga pagkakataon para sa mga bagong lider at bagong ideya."
Kids need opportunities to lead and succeed.,Mga pagkakataong mamuno at magtagumpay ang kabataan.
Are you ready to make the match?,Nakahanda ba kayong tumulong?
Because the world's problems shouldn't be the human family's heirloom.,Dahil ang mga problema ng mundo ngayon ay hindi dapat maging pamana ng sangkatauhan.
Thank you.,Salamat.
(Applause) Thank you. Thank you.,(Palakpakan) Salamat. Salamat.
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"Everyone, please think of your biggest personal goal.",Inaanyayahan ko kayong lumahok at mag-isip ng pinakaninanais mo sa buhay.
For real -- you can take a second. You've got to feel this to learn it.,"Kahit saglit lang. 'Yong totoo at tunay mong nais, para mas lalo mong maintindihan ito."
"Take a few seconds and think of your personal biggest goal, okay?","Isipin natin ng mabuti ang bagay na 'yon, okey?"
Imagine deciding right now that you're going to do it.,Isiping nagdesisyon ka ngayon mismo na gagawin mo ito.
Imagine telling someone that you meet today what you're going to do.,Isiping sinasabi mo ito sa taong nakilala mo lang ngayon.
"Imagine their congratulations, and their high image of you.","Ngayon, isipin mo na binabati ka niya at ang magandang pagtingin niya dahil dito."
Doesn't it feel good to say it out loud?,Hindi nga ba't masarap sa pakiramdam?
"Don't you feel one step closer already, like it's already becoming part of your identity?","Malapit mo nang matupad ang mga layunin mo, tama?, na para bang inaangkin mo na iyon?"
"Well, bad news: you should have kept your mouth shut, because that good feeling now will make you less likely to do it.","Masamang balita: hindi mo na dapat binukas ang bibig mo, at dahil sa magandang pakiramdam mo, mas malamang na hindi mo na magagawa ang bagay na iyon."
The repeated psychology tests have proven that telling someone your goal makes it less likely to happen.,"Ayon sa mga pananaliksik sa sikolohiya, mas malabong mangyari ang mga bagay na nais mo kapag ikinuwento mo sa ibang tao."
"Any time you have a goal, there are some steps that need to be done, some work that needs to be done in order to achieve it.","Sa bawat layunin mo, may ilang mga hakbang na kailangang gawin, ilang bagay na kailangang gawin upang makamit ito."
Ideally you would not be satisfied until you'd actually done the work.,Hindi ka dapat nasisiyahan hangga't hindi mo pa ito natatapos.
"But when you tell someone your goal and they acknowledge it, psychologists have found that it's called a ""social reality.""","Ngunit kapag sinabi mo sa ibang tao ang mga nais mo, at sumang-ayon sila sa 'yo, ito ang tinatawag ng mga sikologo na ""social reality""."
The mind is kind of tricked into feeling that it's already done.,Nalilinlang ang utak natin na waring nakamit na natin ang bagay na 'yon.
"And then because you've felt that satisfaction, you're less motivated to do the actual hard work necessary.","Dahil d'yan, gumaganda ang pakiramdam natin, nababawasan ang pagkagusto natin na pagtrabahuan ito lalo na kung mahirap ang trabaho."
"(Laughter) So this goes against conventional wisdom that we should tell our friends our goals, right?","(Tawanan) Taliwas ito sa nakaugalian natin na dapat kinukwento natin sa ating mga kaibigan, tama?"
So they hold us to it.,-- na para bang nakatali tayo doon.
"So, let's look at the proof.",Tingnan natin ang ilang patunay.
"1926: Kurt Lewin, founder of social psychology, called this ""substitution.""","1926, Kurt Lewin, ang nagtatag ng panlipunang sikolohiya, tinawag niya itong ""substitution."""
"1933: Wera Mahler found when it was acknowledged by others, it felt real in the mind.","1933, sabi ni Vera Mahler, aakalain ng utak natin na tunay ang isang bagay kung sumasang-ayon ang ibang tao."
"1982, Peter Gollwitzer wrote a whole book about this, and in 2009, he did some new tests that were published.","1982, nakapagsulat ng libro si Peter Gollwitzer tungkol dito, at noong 2009, nailathala ang mga bagong pananaliksik niya."
It goes like this: 163 people across four separate tests.,Ganito 'yon: may 163 katao sa apat na magkahiwalay na pangkat --
Everyone wrote down their personal goal.,lahat ay nagsulat ng kanilang personal na layunin.
"Then half of them announced their commitment to this goal to the room, and half didn't.","Ang kalahati sa kanila, ibinalita sa lahat ang kanilang sinulat, samantalang tahimik lang ang natitirang kalahati."
"Then everyone was given 45 minutes of work that would directly lead them towards their goal, but they were told that they could stop at any time.","Binigyan silang lahat ng 45 minuto upang trabahuin at matupad ang sinulat nila sa papel, at malaya silang tumigil sa trabaho ng anumang oras."
"Now, those who kept their mouths shut worked the entire 45 minutes on average, and when asked afterward, said that they felt that they had a long way to go still to achieve their goal.","'Yong mga taong hindi inanunsyo ang kanilang sinulat nagtrabaho sila ng humigit-kumulang 45 minuto, at nang tinanong sila, pakiramdam nila, malayo pa raw bago nila makamit ang kanilang layunin."
"But those who had announced it quit after only 33 minutes, on average, and when asked afterward, said that they felt much closer to achieving their goal.","'Yung mga nagsalita naman tumigil sila matapos lang ang 33 minuto, at nang tinanong, pakiramdam nila, malapit na nilang matupad ang layunin."
"So if this is true, what can we do?","Kaya, kung totoo nga ito, ano ang pwede nating gawin?"
"Well, you could resist the temptation to announce your goal.",Maaari nating labanan ang tukso na ikuwento ang mga nais natin.
"You can delay the gratification that the social acknowledgment brings, and you can understand that your mind mistakes the talking for the doing.",Maaari nating ipagpaliban muna ang kasiyahang dulot ng pagsang-ayon ng iba. Unawain nating nagkakamali din ang utak sa pag-aakalang tapos na ang trabaho.
"But if you do need to talk about something, you can state it in a way that gives you no satisfaction, such as, ""I really want to run this marathon, so I need to train five times a week and kick my ass if I don't, okay?""","Kung gusto talaga natin ikuwento ang isang bagay, maaring nating gawin ito na walang halong yabang, gaya ng, ""gusto ko talagang sumali sa marathon, kaya kailangan kong mag-ensayo ng limang beses sa isang linggo, at kung hindi ko gagawin 'yon, sipain mo ako, okay?"""
"So audience, next time you're tempted to tell someone your goal, what will you say?","Kaya sa susunod na naisip mong ikuwento ang iyong mga nais sa buhay, ano ang sasabihin mo?"
(Silence) Exactly! Well done.,(Katahimikan) Mismo.
(Laughter) (Applause),Mahusay. (Palakpakan)
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