Unnamed: 0 int64 0 786 | text stringlengths 404 2.43k | embedding stringlengths 8.38k 8.47k | title stringclasses 29
values | url stringclasses 29
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | The Solar System consists of the Sun and the objects that orbit it. The name comes from Sōl, the Latin name for the Sun. It formed about 4.6 billion years ago when a dense region of a molecular cloud collapsed, creating the Sun and a protoplanetary disc from which the orbiting bodies assembled. The fusion of hydrogen ... | [0.046803709119558334, -0.007272533141076565, -0.03129441663622856, 0.01941603049635887, 0.0870719626545906, -0.029245084151625633, 0.06427560746669769, 0.061223097145557404, 0.05192676931619644, 0.042818255722522736, -0.026793714612722397, -0.042667683213949203, 0.043153222650289536, -0.07469121366739273, 0.1007989645... | Solar System | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedi... |
1 | satellites , which are commonly called 'moons ' , and range from sizes of dwarf planets , like Earth 's Moon , at their largest , to much less massive moonlets at their smallest .There are small Solar System bodies, such as asteroids, comets, centaurs, meteoroids, and interplanetary dust clouds. Some of these bodies ar... | [0.030040141195058823, 0.020989270880818367, 0.014979231171309948, -0.023465048521757126, 0.07148417085409164, -0.07506337761878967, -0.0023631935473531485, 0.0475480742752552, 0.051381517201662064, 0.04280974343419075, -0.021016964688897133, -0.03831398859620094, -0.008109215646982193, -0.10068225860595703, 0.04874991... | Solar System | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedi... |
2 | Union describes the Solar System as all objects that are bound by the gravity of the Sun , the Sun itself , its eight planets , and the other celestial bodies which orbit it .NASA describes the Solar System as a planetary system, including the Sun and all objects that orbit it. When not used as a proper noun and writte... | [0.008461068384349346, -0.026218969374895096, 0.027628585696220398, 0.051553357392549515, 0.004237384535372257, -0.029786987230181694, 0.0013953265734016895, 0.02950356714427471, 0.10121767967939377, 0.06724949181079865, -0.01860823854804039, -0.03719030320644379, 0.03570202365517616, -0.07962815463542938, 0.0653320178... | Solar System | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedi... |
3 | silicates , due to their higher boiling points , could not persist in solid form . Here planets formed that are mainly rocky , which are Mercury , Venus , Earth , and Mars .Because these refractory materials only comprised a small fraction of the solar nebula, the terrestrial planets could not grow very large. The gian... | [-0.011927595362067223, -0.02042246237397194, 0.03390524908900261, 0.05229564756155014, 0.11165180802345276, -0.032932523638010025, 0.03380079194903374, 0.033077090978622437, 0.028933802619576454, 0.056072037667036057, -0.06015455722808838, -0.04569298028945923, 0.023536304011940956, -0.09370631724596024, 0.08819004893... | Solar System | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedi... |
4 | gas giants caused each to migrate into different orbits . This led to dynamical instability of the entire system , which scattered the planetesimals and ultimately placed the gas giants in their current positions .During this period, the grand tack hypothesis suggests that a final inward migration of Jupiter dispersed ... | [-0.003189848503097892, 0.0329802930355072, 0.06567459553480148, 0.03267151862382889, 0.10010887682437897, -0.06774821132421494, -0.03233397379517555, 0.02825068309903145, 0.030566280707716942, -0.02233446016907692, -0.04093538224697113, 0.056462377309799194, 0.018185865134000778, -0.07986820489168167, 0.02823546528816... | Solar System | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedi... |
5 | the energy output will be greater than at present . The outer layers of the Sun will expand to roughly 260 times its current diameter , and the Sun will become a red giant .Because of its increased surface area, the surface of the Sun will be cooler (2,600 K (4,220 °F) at its coolest) than it is on the main sequence. T... | [-0.039013344794511795, 0.008519327268004417, 0.041059911251068115, 0.05187107250094414, 0.07213397324085236, -0.0680442675948143, -0.03449606895446777, -0.006197112612426281, 0.00565401092171669, -0.0008356246980838478, -0.018647775053977966, -0.03211761265993118, -0.020069530233740807, -0.04552752897143364, 0.0944813... | Solar System | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedi... |
6 | objects beyond Neptune . Composition The principal component of the Solar System is the Sun , a G-type main-sequence star that contains 99.86 % of the system 's known mass and dominates it gravitationally .The Sun's four largest orbiting bodies, the giant planets, account for 99% of the remaining mass, with Jupiter and... | [-0.0022038340102881193, -0.009439597837626934, 0.001041090115904808, 0.025336701422929764, 0.09019874781370163, -0.002507224213331938, 0.050709500908851624, 0.07290977239608765, 0.049402739852666855, 0.059407275170087814, -0.09085499495267868, -0.06766871362924576, 0.021661512553691864, -0.08394557982683182, 0.1269718... | Solar System | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedi... |
7 | natural satellites are in synchronous rotation , with one face permanently turned toward their parent . The four giant planets have planetary rings , thin discs of tiny particles that orbit them in unison .As a result of the formation of the Solar System, planets and most other objects orbit the Sun in the same directi... | [0.03384331613779068, -0.054596979171037674, 0.02227589301764965, -0.06442438066005707, -0.025445464998483658, -0.05474540591239929, -0.06276129931211472, 0.00681131100282073, 0.09006179869174957, 0.09615886211395264, 0.026066651567816734, 0.0716923326253891, 0.007987876422703266, -0.09858500957489014, 0.04390094429254... | Solar System | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedi... |
8 | system can change chaotically over billions of years . The angular momentum of the Solar System is a measure of the total amount of orbital and rotational momentum possessed by all its moving components .Although the Sun dominates the system by mass, it accounts for only about 2% of the angular momentum. The planets, d... | [0.08719256520271301, 0.015069243498146534, -0.005673461593687534, -0.04427657276391983, 0.051243074238300323, -0.06217334419488907, -0.0525556243956089, 0.07542358338832855, 0.06265190988779068, 0.009344259276986122, -0.0467551089823246, -0.024242570623755455, 0.06192576512694359, -0.052476007491350174, 0.075177468359... | Solar System | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedi... |
9 | 's model based on the Platonic solids , but ongoing discoveries have invalidated these hypotheses . Some Solar System models attempt to convey the relative scales involved in the Solar System in human terms .Some are small in scale (and may be mechanical – called orreries) – whereas others extend across cities or regio... | [0.08404722809791565, 0.020251506939530373, 0.0007501723011955619, -0.035657741129398346, 0.0698712095618248, -0.08944788575172424, -0.08493179827928543, 0.0684794932603836, 0.06995797902345657, 0.010235149413347244, -0.004522630013525486, -0.08185166865587234, 0.013142130337655544, 0.0028158058412373066, 0.04533856734... | Solar System | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedi... |
10 | presence of life is the heliosphere and planetary magnetic fields ( for those planets that have them ) . These magnetic fields partially shield the Solar System from high-energy interstellar particles called cosmic rays .The density of cosmic rays in the interstellar medium and the strength of the Sun's magnetic field ... | [0.012265706434845924, -0.08883748203516006, -0.012187964282929897, 0.012138685211539268, 0.11203157901763916, -0.003615964436903596, 0.005264393985271454, 0.013945169746875763, 0.05964711681008339, 0.021767091006040573, 0.02964729815721512, -0.05188734829425812, 0.05608223378658295, -0.02976851537823677, 0.10387697815... | Solar System | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedi... |
11 | are typical – both rocky and gas – so there is no `` gap '' as seen between the size of Earth and of Neptune ( with a radius 3.8 times as large ) .As many of these super-Earths are closer to their respective stars than Mercury is to the Sun, a hypothesis has arisen that all planetary systems start with many close-in pl... | [0.09740426391363144, -0.013144436292350292, 0.019393915310502052, 0.027126619592308998, 0.12591606378555298, -0.037548862397670746, 0.019559169188141823, 0.07069692015647888, 0.08112417161464691, 0.039553530514240265, -0.03804808109998703, -0.026549456641077995, 0.034062858670949936, -0.08570997416973114, 0.1037418246... | Solar System | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedi... |
12 | brighter and hotter than the Sun are rare , whereas substantially dimmer and cooler stars , known as red dwarfs , make up about 75 % of the fusor stars in the Milky Way .The Sun is a population I star, having formed in the spiral arms of the Milky Way galaxy. It has a higher abundance of elements heavier than hydrogen ... | [-0.029746901243925095, 0.034870315343141556, 0.0033733644522726536, 0.12670990824699402, 0.04615790396928787, -0.05239515379071236, 0.011887074448168278, 0.020321883261203766, 0.027506917715072632, -0.022135064005851746, -0.04935886338353157, -0.06985320150852203, 0.06629446893930435, -0.08993276953697205, 0.104225486... | Solar System | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedi... |
13 | , disturbs the heliosphere , creating space weather and causing geomagnetic storms . Coronal mass ejections and similar events blow a magnetic field and huge quantities of material from the surface of the Sun .The interaction of this magnetic field and material with Earth's magnetic field funnels charged particles into... | [0.056860197335481644, -0.010759588330984116, -0.000543676083907485, -0.009241053834557533, 0.061320170760154724, -0.0389285534620285, 0.03532155230641365, 0.04690073803067207, 0.07748463749885559, 0.007227158173918724, -0.09777131676673889, -0.023560015484690666, 0.04142042621970177, -0.10551494359970093, 0.0686562880... | Solar System | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedi... |
14 | impact event remnants . The surface has widely varying temperature , with the equatorial regions ranging from −170 °C ( −270 °F ) at night to 420 °C ( 790 °F ) during sunlight .In the past, Mercury was volcanically active, producing smooth basaltic plains similar to the Moon. It is likely that Mercury has a silicate cr... | [0.08442410826683044, -0.0389975942671299, 0.08393658697605133, 0.011857274919748306, 0.09653720259666443, 0.00462086359038949, 0.012314759194850922, 0.00747361034154892, 0.065495565533638, 0.0065910969860851765, -0.08401500433683395, -0.075693778693676, -0.009682752192020416, -0.03779103606939316, 0.0954657644033432, ... | Solar System | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedi... |
15 | habitability . The Moon is Earth 's only natural satellite . Its diameter is one-quarter the size of Earth 's . Its surface is covered in very fine regolith and dominated by impact craters .Large dark patches on the Moon, maria, are formed from past volcanic activity. The Moon's atmosphere is extremely thin, consisting... | [0.05975592881441116, 0.00846664234995842, 0.057973213493824005, 0.052963998168706894, 0.07895851135253906, -0.024590030312538147, 0.009480683133006096, 0.030493788421154022, -0.036530252546072006, 0.08259651809930801, -0.03852786123752594, -0.059358224272727966, 0.03590555116534233, -0.02758452668786049, 0.06780467182... | Solar System | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedi... |
16 | radius of 6 km ( 4 mi ) and its surface reflects little light . However , the surface of Deimos is noticeably smoother than Phobos because the regolith partially covers the impact craters .Asteroids
Asteroids, except for the largest, Ceres, are classified as small Solar System bodies and are composed mainly of carbonac... | [0.04684261977672577, -0.05107523128390312, 0.019770512357354164, -0.022000394761562347, 0.05190473422408104, -0.07100825756788254, -0.015330738388001919, 0.11872818320989609, -0.010572757571935654, 0.052338141947984695, -0.015537947416305542, -0.06630569696426392, -0.0148873720318079, -0.042740460485219955, 0.05984256... | Solar System | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedi... |
17 | NASA lists 26,182 confirmed Mars-crossing asteroids . Asteroid belt The asteroid belt occupies a torus-shaped region between 2.3 and 3.3 AU from the Sun , which lies between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter .It is thought to be remnants from the Solar System's formation that failed to coalesce because of the gravitationa... | [0.061999306082725525, -0.044138289988040924, -0.020040199160575867, -0.027514271438121796, 0.04513149708509445, -0.07939234375953674, -0.03412485122680664, 0.0685800313949585, 0.012262828648090363, 0.05026211589574814, -0.02758660353720188, -0.058125369250774384, 0.008394627831876278, -0.06676800549030304, 0.036400306... | Solar System | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedi... |
18 | Its surface is marked by two giant craters : Rheasilvia and Veneneia . Pallas ( 2.15–2.57 AU ) is the third-largest object in the asteroid belt . It has its own Pallas asteroid family .Not much is known about Pallas because it has never been visited by a spacecraft, though its surface is predicted to be composed of sil... | [0.056712836027145386, -0.0491328202188015, 0.0005351713625714183, -0.02964402548968792, 0.037321314215660095, -0.1298321634531021, -0.020165743306279182, 0.05137133598327637, 0.03772260248661041, 0.021351750940084457, -0.04891989007592201, -0.04213934391736984, 0.003848445136100054, -0.06928059458732605, 0.02832258678... | Solar System | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedi... |
19 | easily observed from Earth . Jupiter and Saturn are composed mainly of gases with extremely low melting points , such as hydrogen , helium , and neon , hence their designation as gas giants .Uranus and Neptune are ice giants, meaning they are largely composed of 'ice' in the astronomical sense (chemical compounds with ... | [0.01150229386985302, -0.08244404941797256, 0.04198785871267319, 0.018001366406679153, 0.13330301642417908, -0.0331021323800087, 0.048471253365278244, 0.08086490631103516, 0.02195780724287033, 0.06282735615968704, -0.14574825763702393, -0.03523220866918564, 0.02829345315694809, -0.09160394966602325, 0.06002058833837509... | Solar System | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedi... |
20 | made of hydrogen and helium . At its north and south poles , Saturn has peculiar hexagon-shaped storms larger than the diameter of Earth . Saturn has a magnetosphere capable of producing weak auroras .As of 2025, Saturn has 274 confirmed satellites, grouped into:
Ring moonlets and shepherds, which orbit inside or close... | [-0.023210780695080757, -0.06315784156322479, 0.01348115410655737, -0.027444755658507347, 0.043996412307024, -0.0612967349588871, 0.09803074598312378, 0.06812421977519989, 0.08335614949464798, 0.04730340465903282, -0.09703574329614639, 0.013809547759592533, 0.002758375136181712, -0.07140010595321655, -0.002183178206905... | Solar System | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedi... |
21 | confirmed satellites , divided into three groups : Inner satellites , which orbit inside Uranus 's ring system . They are very close to each other , which suggests that their orbits are chaotic .Large satellites, consisting of Titania, Oberon, Umbriel, Ariel, and Miranda. Most of them have roughly equal amounts of rock... | [0.03266550973057747, -0.07278850674629211, 0.03465303033590317, -0.033444494009017944, 0.051656730473041534, -0.07984272390604019, 0.03587143495678902, 0.02561926282942295, 0.06930893659591675, 0.08206861466169357, -0.06947337836027145, -0.014542218297719955, 0.07714805006980896, -0.062015652656555176, 0.0350392535328... | Solar System | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedi... |
22 | such as the first centaur discovered , 2060 Chiron , which has been classified as a comet ( 95P ) because it develops a coma just as comets do when they approach the Sun .The largest known centaur, 10199 Chariklo, has a diameter of about 250 km (160 mi) and is one of the few minor planets possessing a ring system. Tran... | [0.0107923848554492, -0.021465985104441643, 0.0032302916515618563, -0.07067111879587173, -0.01658039353787899, -0.1070370227098465, -0.05581020563840866, 0.09610609710216522, 0.022445976734161377, 0.015065754763782024, 0.03118848241865635, -0.07278404384851456, -0.005646191071718931, -0.00900504644960165, -0.0060252100... | Solar System | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedi... |
23 | tenth or even a hundredth the mass of Earth . Many Kuiper belt objects have satellites , and most have orbits that are substantially inclined ( ~10° ) to the plane of the ecliptic .The Kuiper belt can be roughly divided into the "classical" belt and the resonant trans-Neptunian objects. The latter have orbits whose per... | [0.03267527371644974, -0.039102207869291306, -0.010470891371369362, -0.07011421769857407, -0.0680077001452446, -0.10908915102481842, -0.036357998847961426, 0.04304321110248566, 0.052694860845804214, -0.015900298953056335, -0.007684275507926941, -0.06837325543165207, -0.007887706160545349, -0.02445918880403042, 0.019517... | Solar System | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedi... |
24 | `` orbit each other '' ) . Orcus ( 30.3–48.1 AU ) , is in the same 2:3 orbital resonance with Neptune as Pluto , and is the largest such object after Pluto itself .Its eccentricity and inclination are similar to Pluto's, but its perihelion lies about 120° from that of Pluto. Thus, the phase of Orcus's orbit is opposite... | [0.0004032485594507307, 0.007736311759799719, -0.012052405625581741, -0.048576388508081436, 0.0002720561169553548, -0.07345791906118393, -0.01928173191845417, 0.025741007179021835, 0.07292185723781586, 0.03561310097575188, 0.05705379694700241, -0.009376173838973045, -0.0015623809304088354, -0.1357966810464859, 0.015276... | Solar System | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedi... |
25 | the classical Kuiper belt , after Makemake . Its orbit is significantly less eccentric and inclined than those of Makemake or Haumea . It possesses a ring system and one known moon , Weywot .Scattered disc
The scattered disc, which overlaps the Kuiper belt but extends out to near 500 AU, is thought to be the source of ... | [0.052863311022520065, 0.0014422695385292172, 0.022992394864559174, -0.05692959204316139, 0.02139323391020298, -0.1464625895023346, -0.004150851629674435, 0.054856181144714355, 0.053611356765031815, 0.04207328334450722, -0.020290514454245567, -0.07509083300828934, 0.01809380017220974, -0.08236021548509598, 0.0235087294... | Solar System | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedi... |
26 | Gonggong ( 33.8–101.2 AU ) is a dwarf planet in a comparable orbit to Eris , except that it is in a 3:10 resonance with Neptune . It has one known moon , Xiangliu .Extreme trans-Neptunian objects
Some objects in the Solar System have a very large orbit, and therefore are much less affected by the known giant planets th... | [0.047208454459905624, 0.005499330349266529, 0.031033633276820183, -0.011977845802903175, 0.023823633790016174, -0.1005430817604065, -0.004384069237858057, 0.056975357234478, 0.01121210865676403, 0.07527582347393036, 0.019528042525053024, -0.0992855653166771, 0.05092331022024155, -0.0192301906645298, 0.0323289893567562... | Solar System | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedi... |
27 | can not be part of the scattered disc or the Kuiper belt because its perihelion is too distant to have been affected by Neptune 's migration . The sednoid population is named after Sedna .Statistical variance has been observed in the orbits of some extreme trans-Neptunian objects, whose closest approaches to the Sun ar... | [0.015852482989430428, -0.02918318659067154, 0.09253761172294617, 0.026823237538337708, 0.08345074206590652, -0.07676083594560623, -0.01552435103803873, 0.021590478718280792, 0.1349077969789505, 0.01689034327864647, 0.013162310235202312, -0.0024737485218793154, 0.022158842533826828, -0.11408890038728714, -0.02904362417... | Solar System | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedi... |
28 | Meteoroids , meteors and dust Solid objects smaller than one meter are usually called meteoroids and micrometeoroids ( grain-sized ) , with the exact division between the two categories being debated over the years .By 2017, the IAU designated any solid object having a diameter between ~30 micrometers and 1 meter as me... | [0.0018816072260960937, 0.0015365155413746834, 0.12397141009569168, 0.03077506087720394, 0.08613286167383194, -0.050858575850725174, 0.07429297268390656, 0.050036557018756866, 0.027276240289211273, 0.025880243629217148, -0.055854298174381256, -0.08669377118349075, -0.00781499408185482, -0.057623352855443954, 0.05578252... | Solar System | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedi... |
29 | only a few kilometers across , composed largely of volatile ices . They have highly eccentric orbits , generally a perihelion within the orbits of the inner planets and an aphelion far beyond Pluto .When a comet enters the inner Solar System, its proximity to the Sun causes its icy surface to sublimate and ionise, crea... | [0.004952621646225452, -0.0007577156065963209, 0.036887623369693756, -0.008561118505895138, 0.06345714628696442, -0.038438357412815094, -0.02217576839029789, 0.05487844720482826, 0.07830461859703064, 0.046257197856903076, 0.01182046439498663, -0.00016616460925433785, 0.009468006901443005, -0.13201530277729034, 0.083020... | Solar System | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedi... |
30 | the Solar System 's outer region . The Sun 's gravitational sphere of influence is estimated to dominate over the gravitational forces of surrounding stars out to about two light-years ( 125,000 AU ) .The Sun's Hill sphere, its gravitational potential reaching the galactic potential, the potential of the galactic nucle... | [-0.011154408566653728, 0.07109695672988892, 0.0022175339981913567, 0.039410047233104706, 0.053646817803382874, -0.013407254591584206, -0.03494763374328613, 0.06785247474908829, 0.08690983057022095, -0.06686671078205109, -0.07123657315969467, -0.021573932841420174, -0.025505460798740387, -0.06679629534482956, 0.0985294... | Solar System | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedi... |
31 | and form of the outer edge of the heliosphere is likely affected by the fluid dynamics of interactions with the interstellar medium as well as solar magnetic fields prevailing to the south , e.g .it is bluntly shaped with the northern hemisphere extending 9 AU farther than the southern hemisphere. The heliopause is con... | [0.0012282112147659063, -0.0269280094653368, -0.007086398079991341, 0.016625428572297096, 0.028288351371884346, -0.018667466938495636, -0.021748250350356102, 0.017050405964255333, -0.00030996851273812354, -0.0368732251226902, -0.05524374172091484, -0.04905098304152489, -0.0438607856631279, -0.02328372374176979, 0.06743... | Solar System | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedi... |
32 | is an hourglass-shaped cavity or superbubble in the interstellar medium roughly 300 light-years across . The bubble is suffused with high-temperature plasma , suggesting that it may be the product of several recent supernovae .The Local Bubble is a small superbubble compared to the neighboring wider Radcliffe Wave and ... | [-0.01840408332645893, -0.05749925225973129, 0.026845209300518036, 0.02658817544579506, -0.023655293509364128, -0.06317774206399918, -0.015861712396144867, -0.0248053390532732, 0.0011351429857313633, -0.04807249829173088, -0.006447251420468092, -0.034288469702005386, -0.04975888133049011, -0.04077405482530594, 0.028090... | Solar System | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedi... |
33 | the Milky Way 's outer spiral arms , known as the Orion–Cygnus Arm or Local Spur . It is a member of the thin disk population of stars orbiting close to the galactic plane .Its speed around the center of the Milky Way is about 220 km/s, so that it completes one revolution every 240 million years. This revolution is kno... | [-0.03121953085064888, -0.019187385216355324, -0.024306509643793106, 0.02577158808708191, -0.05051562562584877, -0.0666552186012268, -0.08479803800582886, 0.05872029438614845, 0.09522870182991028, -0.03566119819879532, 0.021819474175572395, 0.01733401045203209, 0.011915702372789383, -0.0669822096824646, 0.0477697253227... | Solar System | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedi... |
34 | Solar System relative to other parts of the Milky Way could explain periodic extinction events on Earth . Discovery and exploration Humanity 's knowledge of the Solar System has grown incrementally over the centuries .Up to the Late Middle Ages–Renaissance, astronomers from Europe to India believed Earth to be stationa... | [-0.017826100811362267, -0.021227942779660225, -0.07025144249200821, 0.014027337543666363, 0.0028077405877411366, -0.035406455397605896, -0.009757271967828274, 0.04716898873448372, -0.013827436603605747, 0.0314926914870739, -0.02796456404030323, 0.019811274483799934, 0.04402676597237587, 0.01364021748304367, -0.0577317... | Solar System | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedi... |
35 | that observations of the solar parallax of a planet ( more ideally using the transit of Venus ) could be used to trigonometrically determine the distances between Earth , Venus , and the Sun .Halley's friend Isaac Newton, in his magisterial Principia Mathematica of 1687, demonstrated that celestial bodies are not quint... | [-0.023820096626877785, -0.06478945910930634, -0.02604108676314354, -0.0024524517357349396, -0.02289009280502796, -0.03309610113501549, -0.004814664833247662, 0.07934916764497757, -0.004130733665078878, 0.05819780379533768, -0.006360421422868967, 0.04131880775094032, 0.038169704377651215, -0.014156314544379711, 0.00459... | Solar System | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedi... |
36 | Albert Einstein 's theory of general relativity in 1915 . In the 20th century , humans began their space exploration around the Solar System , starting with placing telescopes in space since the 1960s .By 1989, all eight planets have been visited by space probes. Probes have returned samples from comets and asteroids, ... | [0.06201454997062683, -0.08598897606134415, 0.01497355941683054, 0.06803175806999207, 0.043858133256435394, -0.05437779054045677, 0.013808309100568295, 0.04248439893126488, -0.029278265312314034, 0.038861148059368134, 0.014339262619614601, 0.03591853007674217, -0.06740078330039978, 0.026259468868374825, 0.0244259852916... | Solar System | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedi... |
37 | Solar System Solar System in fiction Notes References Data sources Other sources External links '' Solar System '' . Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol . 25 ( 11th ed. ) . 1911. pp . 157–158 .If the Moon were only 1 Pixel: A Tediously Accurate Map of the Solar System (web based scroll map scaled to the Moon being 1 pixel)
N... | [-0.06559952348470688, -0.0049904100596904755, 0.022033097222447395, 0.00370707456022501, 0.025845497846603394, -0.0784531906247139, 0.01061776652932167, 0.039990104734897614, 0.024352822452783585, 0.04895421117544174, 0.041251614689826965, 0.004787658341228962, 0.07081583887338638, -0.10596858710050583, -0.04765174537... | Solar System | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System.https://en.wikipedi... |
38 | The Sun is the star at the centre of the Solar System. It is a massive, nearly perfect sphere of hot plasma, heated to incandescence by nuclear fusion reactions in its core, radiating the energy from its surface mainly as visible light and infrared radiation with 10% at ultraviolet energies. It is the main source of e... | [0.024979284033179283, 0.07662690430879593, -0.019982820376753807, 0.02861853502690792, 0.03496408462524414, 0.014947453513741493, 0.047615937888622284, 0.05504567176103592, 0.04153069853782654, -0.01613728329539299, -0.011002649553120136, -0.09376505762338638, 0.023341665044426918, -0.022644473239779472, 0.08122655749... | Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wik... |
39 | nuclear fusion in its core . Every second , the Sun 's core fuses about 600 billion kilograms ( kg ) of hydrogen into helium and converts 4 billion kilograms of matter into energy .About 4 to 7 billion years from now, when hydrogen fusion in the Sun's core diminishes to the point where the Sun is no longer in hydrostat... | [-0.04016772285103798, 0.03721051663160324, -0.02649596892297268, 0.13143646717071533, 0.019101273268461227, -0.04976862296462059, 0.0057058497332036495, -0.0030543231405317783, 0.005654249805957079, -0.023354746401309967, 0.0023482078686356544, -0.04217886924743652, 0.0030252125579863787, -0.06311970204114914, 0.02982... | Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wik... |
40 | ancient Greek ἥλιος ( hēlios ) , Welsh haul and Czech slunce , as well as ( with * l > r ) Sanskrit स्वर् ( svár ) and Persian خور ( xvar ) .Indeed, the l-stem survived in Proto-Germanic as well, as *sōwelan, which gave rise to Gothic sauil (alongside sunnō) and Old Norse prosaic sól (alongside poetic sunna), and throu... | [-0.031235545873641968, 0.017329012975096703, -0.01837565377354622, 0.05300160497426987, 0.006434642244130373, -0.05434196814894676, 0.0649866834282875, -0.037195753306150436, 0.054172806441783905, -0.020121755078434944, 0.03914592042565346, -0.03281926363706589, -0.004825752228498459, 9.646052785683423e-05, 0.07103186... | Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wik... |
41 | which are red dwarfs . It is more massive than 95 % of the stars within 7 pc ( 23 ly ) . The Sun is a Population I , or heavy-element-rich , star .Its formation approximately 4.6 billion years ago may have been triggered by shockwaves from one or more nearby supernovae. This is suggested by a high abundance of heavy el... | [0.03616682440042496, -0.05045409873127937, -0.0053806123323738575, 0.13681374490261078, 0.02517014369368553, -0.07958616316318512, 0.014423884451389313, 0.05623859912157059, 0.01219151634722948, -0.019039643928408623, -0.05567077547311783, -0.06213100999593735, 0.029629571363329887, -0.06216855347156525, 0.04622156545... | Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wik... |
42 | life on Earth by photosynthesis , and drives Earth 's climate and weather . The Sun does not have a definite boundary , but its density decreases exponentially with increasing height above the photosphere .For the purpose of measurement, the Sun's radius is considered to be the distance from its centre to the edge of t... | [-0.05193118378520012, 0.09649576991796494, -0.01848127506673336, -0.012526575475931168, 0.035908669233322144, -0.08558394014835358, 0.04006308689713478, 0.07322832942008972, 0.06796872615814209, 0.0016778470017015934, 0.036955758929252625, -0.06560485064983368, 0.021472828462719917, 0.047963641583919525, 0.05567061901... | Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wik... |
43 | The Sun rotates faster at its equator than at its poles . This differential rotation is caused by convective motion due to heat transport and the Coriolis force due to the Sun 's rotation .In a frame of reference defined by the stars, the rotational period is approximately 25.6 days at the equator and 33.5 days at the ... | [-0.0029471542220562696, 0.05531785637140274, 0.049042508006095886, -0.001704619382508099, 0.09076759964227676, -0.02612876333296299, -0.018529510125517845, -0.013603633269667625, 0.05276118591427803, -0.003075661603361368, 0.007389504462480545, 0.04013986885547638, 0.068991519510746, -0.03434918448328972, 0.1045228838... | Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wik... |
44 | original chemical composition was inherited from the interstellar medium out of which it formed . Originally it would have been about 71.1 % hydrogen , 27.4 % helium , and 1.5 % heavier elements .The hydrogen and most of the helium in the Sun would have been produced by Big Bang nucleosynthesis in the first 20 minutes ... | [-0.043685391545295715, 0.030850563198328018, 0.0242009237408638, 0.10624346137046814, 0.06939443200826645, 0.007676869630813599, -0.008122860454022884, 0.0017002868698909879, -0.04419844597578049, 0.009236251004040241, -0.010240125469863415, -0.05173339322209358, 0.005748918745666742, -0.07659249007701874, 0.066531389... | Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wik... |
45 | , helium will continue to accumulate in the core , and in about 5 billion years this gradual build-up will eventually cause the Sun to exit the main sequence and become a red giant .The chemical composition of the photosphere is normally considered representative of the composition of the primordial Solar System. Typic... | [-0.024319518357515335, 0.01809406653046608, 0.010609068907797337, 0.06669628620147705, 0.0739581435918808, -0.025396941229701042, 0.01190942618995905, 0.04177512228488922, -0.019850995391607285, 0.03653361275792122, -0.046643733978271484, -0.0669323205947876, 0.015673136338591576, -0.04961281642317772, 0.0807154923677... | Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wik... |
46 | thermal energy through fusion ; 99 % of the Sun 's power is generated in the innermost 24 % of its radius , and almost no fusion occurs beyond 30 % of the radius .The rest of the Sun is heated by this energy as it is transferred outward through many successive layers, finally to the solar photosphere where it escapes i... | [0.030402816832065582, 0.04377936199307442, -0.022509656846523285, 0.09283427894115448, 0.017911335453391075, -0.04238421469926834, 0.005558743141591549, -0.002498847898095846, 0.030522657558321953, 0.021066928282380104, 0.02492760308086872, -0.05793161690235138, -0.018781598657369614, -0.04126998409628868, 0.114931099... | Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wik... |
47 | energy production , of approximately 276.5 watts per cubic metre at the centre of the core , which , according to Karl Kruszelnicki , is about the same power density inside a compost pile .The fusion rate in the core is in a self-correcting equilibrium: a slightly higher rate of fusion would cause the core to heat up m... | [0.01796441152691841, 0.011691384017467499, -0.01442025601863861, 0.054298583418130875, 0.10018164664506912, -0.08342296630144119, 0.008603260852396488, 0.004712035413831472, 0.002517586573958397, 0.0023183540906757116, -0.04244324937462807, -0.08418380469083786, 0.045462775975465775, -0.056791167706251144, 0.085027992... | Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wik... |
48 | two—a condition where successive horizontal layers slide past one another . Presently , it is hypothesised that a magnetic dynamo , or solar dynamo , within this layer generates the Sun 's magnetic field .Convective zone
The Sun's convection zone extends from 0.7 solar radii (500,000 km) to near the surface. In this la... | [-0.018240582197904587, 0.0703050047159195, 0.016414932906627655, 0.06007739529013634, 0.021133091300725937, -0.08349019289016724, 0.019354471936821938, -0.007270917762070894, 0.0614292286336422, 0.01565108262002468, -0.00849916785955429, -0.07835963368415833, 0.0809207335114479, -0.07173986732959747, 0.068143278360366... | Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wik... |
49 | of the solar interior sustains `` small-scale '' dynamo action over the near-surface volume of the Sun . The Sun 's thermal columns are Bénard cells and take the shape of roughly hexagonal prisms .Atmosphere
The solar atmosphere is the region of the Sun that extends from the top of the convection zone to the inner boun... | [-0.0167418010532856, 0.056846652179956436, 0.017570065334439278, 0.04246338829398155, 0.08048994839191437, -0.026975713670253754, 0.07784507423639297, 0.02775704115629196, 0.08436838537454605, 0.014369030483067036, 0.005015428643673658, -0.07036290317773819, 0.0504211001098156, -0.0693933442234993, 0.14184719324111938... | Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wik... |
50 | per volume of Earth 's atmosphere at sea level ) . The photosphere is not fully ionised—the extent of ionisation is about 3 % , leaving almost all of the hydrogen in atomic form .The coolest layer of the Sun is a temperature minimum region extending to about 500 km above the photosphere, and has a temperature of about ... | [-0.0216229110956192, 0.03171755373477936, 0.022807598114013672, 0.024306468665599823, 0.025998465716838837, 0.007077627815306187, 0.05074035003781319, 0.09899594634771347, 0.02953851781785488, 0.02678719162940979, -0.006670417729765177, -0.06672891974449158, 0.03049970045685768, -0.05067575350403786, 0.104927435517311... | Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wik... |
51 | ultraviolet . Corona The corona is the next layer of the Sun . The low corona , near the surface of the Sun , has a particle density around 1015 m−3 to 1016 m−3 .The average temperature of the corona and solar wind is about 1,000,000–2,000,000 K; however, in the hottest regions it is 8,000,000–20,000,000 K. Although no... | [0.0034689244348555803, -0.0058014485985040665, -0.01180193293839693, 0.10545824468135834, 0.029556425288319588, -0.013800747692584991, -0.015260000713169575, 0.05056270211935043, 0.07057759165763855, -0.06221478059887886, -0.02633340284228325, -0.058711938560009, -0.015964364632964134, -0.017293047159910202, 0.0868055... | Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wik... |
52 | it impacts the heliopause more than 50 AU from the Sun . In December 2004 , the Voyager 1 probe passed through a shock front that is thought to be part of the heliopause .In late 2012, Voyager 1 recorded a marked increase in cosmic ray collisions and a sharp drop in lower energy particles from the solar wind, which sug... | [0.040685344487428665, 0.0495973564684391, 0.0576581247150898, 0.05383959040045738, 0.06865298748016357, 0.010013389401137829, 0.07459155470132828, 0.008594521321356297, 0.03938459977507591, 0.00032228557392954826, -0.055592842400074005, -0.03053714521229267, 0.03430187329649925, -0.02633250318467617, 0.080340608954429... | Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wik... |
53 | to approximately 1,368 W/m2 ( watts per square metre ) at a distance of one astronomical unit ( AU ) from the Sun ( that is , at or near Earth 's orbit ) .Sunlight on the surface of Earth is attenuated by Earth's atmosphere, so that less power arrives at the surface (closer to 1,000 W/m2) in clear conditions when the S... | [0.04432365670800209, 0.08496925234794617, 0.06338557600975037, 0.03327345475554466, 0.08380881696939468, -0.03685569390654564, 0.14932881295681, 0.059222813695669174, 0.01806117780506611, 0.08379174768924713, 0.0040175775066018105, -0.06234153360128403, 0.04888563230633736, 0.028881052508950233, 0.07874080538749695, 0... | Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wik... |
54 | and 170,000 years . In contrast , it takes only 2.3 seconds for neutrinos , which account for about 2 % of the total energy production of the Sun , to reach the surface .Because energy transport in the Sun is a process that involves photons in thermodynamic equilibrium with matter, the time scale of energy transport in... | [-0.025919103994965553, 0.059852082282304764, 0.037642255425453186, 0.11810623109340668, 0.01819825917482376, -0.030890312045812607, -0.04847494140267372, -0.019889896735548973, 0.035313740372657776, -0.04465688019990921, -0.010594063438475132, -0.03555895760655403, -0.048214852809906006, 0.009911419823765755, 0.082465... | Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wik... |
55 | plasma carries the Sun 's magnetic field into space , forming what is called the interplanetary magnetic field . In an approximation known as ideal magnetohydrodynamics , plasma only moves along magnetic field lines .As a result, the outward-flowing solar wind stretches the interplanetary magnetic field outward, forcin... | [-0.012432293966412544, 0.025228247046470642, -0.010588481090962887, 0.004970606416463852, -5.050507024861872e-05, -0.003392803715541959, 0.01638585329055786, -0.027041515335440636, 0.1026516929268837, -0.03962366655468941, -0.06846042722463608, -0.015711555257439613, 0.03908267244696617, -0.0941685363650322, 0.0765497... | Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wik... |
56 | buoyant upwelling within the convective zone forces emergence of the toroidal magnetic field through the photosphere , giving rise to pairs of sunspots , roughly aligned east–west and having footprints with opposite magnetic polarities .The magnetic polarity of sunspot pairs alternates every solar cycle, a phenomenon d... | [-0.020632043480873108, 0.022448662668466568, 0.03814449533820152, 0.03640906512737274, 0.027228374034166336, 0.006624300964176655, -0.026965681463479996, -0.04041250795125961, 0.04013160243630409, -0.02722557634115219, -0.0426831915974617, 0.047706689685583115, 0.08262739330530167, -0.05555626377463341, 0.085108771920... | Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wik... |
57 | the Solar System . Changes in solar irradiance over the 11-year solar cycle have been correlated with changes in sunspot number . The solar cycle influences space weather conditions , including those surrounding Earth .For example, in the 17th century, the solar cycle appeared to have stopped entirely for several decad... | [0.009175724349915981, 0.0485353097319603, 0.033691029995679855, 0.0922517403960228, 0.02224680595099926, -0.015655895695090294, -0.0668586865067482, 0.02163533866405487, 0.033608946949243546, -0.015022951178252697, -0.007087071891874075, -0.07695909589529037, 0.027886634692549706, -0.04486289247870445, 0.0771914124488... | Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wik... |
58 | not easily dissipate in the corona . The current research focus has therefore shifted toward flare heating mechanisms . Life phases The Sun today is roughly halfway through the main-sequence portion of its life .It has not changed dramatically in over four billion years and will remain fairly stable for about five bill... | [-0.0759759172797203, 0.024365367367863655, 0.03324925899505615, 0.09957978129386902, 0.07031338661909103, -0.004109269008040428, -0.07327956706285477, 0.03420756384730339, -0.017263425514101982, -0.01662563532590866, 0.007529864087700844, -0.01973496749997139, -0.002489064121618867, -0.012204593978822231, 0.0498892106... | Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wik... |
59 | disk , eventually triggering nuclear fusion . The stars HD 162826 and HD 186302 share similarities with the Sun and are hypothesised to be its stellar siblings , formed in the same molecular cloud .Main sequence
The Sun is about halfway through its main-sequence stage, during which nuclear fusion reactions in its core ... | [-0.05811510235071182, 0.02315165475010872, -0.007156320381909609, 0.07220996916294098, 0.010488317348062992, -0.052814822643995285, -0.037200264632701874, -0.025926755741238594, 0.0009006632026284933, -0.006126981228590012, -0.03519272804260254, -0.0564153715968132, 0.034612156450748444, -0.0642293319106102, 0.0639604... | Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wik... |
60 | the virial theorem , half of this released gravitational energy goes into heating , which leads to a gradual increase in the rate at which fusion occurs and thus an increase in the luminosity .This process speeds up as the core gradually becomes denser. At present, it is increasing in brightness by about 1% every 100 m... | [-0.04008416458964348, 0.007242526859045029, 0.06028031185269356, 0.05208824947476387, 0.04059785604476929, -0.016952920705080032, -0.06879648566246033, 0.020943451672792435, -0.02391061745584011, -0.03663305565714836, -0.0053428239189088345, -0.002359654987230897, 0.010348191484808922, -0.04246287792921066, 0.06975143... | Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wik... |
61 | to a 2008 article , Earth 's orbit will have initially expanded to at most 1.5 AU ( 220 million km ; 140 million mi ) due to the Sun 's loss of mass .However, Earth's orbit will then start shrinking due to tidal forces (and, eventually, drag from the lower chromosphere) so that it is engulfed by the Sun during the tip ... | [0.0523623488843441, 0.00012785501894541085, 0.02640007808804512, 0.09474959224462509, 0.05352414771914482, -0.022003520280122757, -0.05123547092080116, 0.059703268110752106, -0.011192018166184425, 0.002965404884889722, -0.040164198726415634, 0.026878731325268745, -0.04865396395325661, -0.011959421448409557, 0.09105771... | Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wik... |
62 | Sun will repeat the expansion it followed when the hydrogen in the core was exhausted . This time , however , it all happens faster , and the Sun becomes larger and more luminous .This is the asymptotic-giant-branch phase, and the Sun is alternately reacting hydrogen in a shell or helium in a deeper shell. After about ... | [0.01498897559940815, 0.0042993612587451935, 2.2182244720170274e-05, 0.11397809535264969, 0.052650511264801025, -0.09424667805433273, -0.05083868280053139, 0.08991993218660355, 0.02141924947500229, -0.045621663331985474, -0.026785338297486305, 0.06390883028507233, -0.006385946646332741, -0.04572571441531181, 0.07962032... | Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wik... |
63 | 180,000 °F ) and contain an estimated 54.05 % of the Sun 's present-day mass . Simulations indicate that the Sun may be among the least massive stars capable of forming a planetary nebula .The planetary nebula will disperse in about 10,000 years, but the white dwarf will survive for trillions of years before fading to ... | [0.0713767409324646, -0.03552386164665222, 0.018744874745607376, 0.0077468170784413815, 0.030835937708616257, -0.05664754658937454, -0.030493594706058502, 0.054849375039339066, 0.037375275045633316, 0.04148552939295769, -0.08800000697374344, -0.018521711230278015, 0.06295645982027054, -0.09032352268695831, 0.0898345783... | Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wik... |
64 | these periods it appears more chaotic . After 179 years ( nine times the synodic period of Jupiter and Saturn ) , the pattern more or less repeats , but rotated by about 24° .The orbits of the inner planets, including of the Earth, are similarly displaced by the same gravitational forces, so the movement of the Sun has... | [0.053893834352493286, -0.0045597185380756855, 0.03084932267665863, 0.023888781666755676, 0.039427757263183594, -0.06217654421925545, -0.07334984838962555, 0.0321870781481266, 0.09949485212564468, -0.005253056064248085, -0.01719522662460804, -0.007557975128293037, 0.032846976071596146, -0.06720796227455139, 0.059570286... | Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wik... |
65 | moved through the Orion–Eridanus Superbubble , before entering the Local Bubble . As the sun goes around the galaxy it also moves with respect to the average motion of the other stars around it .A simple model predicts that in a frame of reference rotating with the galaxy, the sun moves in an ellipse, circulating aroun... | [-0.014743676409125328, -0.022924307733774185, 0.00033256917959079146, 0.0036730633582919836, -0.012449704110622406, -0.024759305641055107, -0.07729010283946991, 0.02129475586116314, 0.06665439158678055, -0.08384734392166138, 0.05114540457725525, -0.025477135553956032, 0.013699143193662167, -0.0546678751707077, 0.05235... | Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wik... |
66 | to have completed 20–25 orbits during the lifetime of the Sun . The orbital speed of the Solar System about the centre of the Milky Way is approximately 251 km/s ( 156 mi/s ) .At this speed, it takes around 1,190 years for the Solar System to travel a distance of 1 light-year, or 7 days to travel 1 AU. The Milky Way is... | [0.020247459411621094, 0.02039760909974575, 0.032665181905031204, -0.007254662457853556, -0.03853483870625496, -0.032472874969244, -0.06068142130970955, 0.033269573003053665, 0.04089632257819176, -0.016601555049419403, 0.004143818747252226, -0.0897231325507164, 0.01632867380976677, -0.027679739519953728, 0.011678841896... | Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wik... |
67 | the Greek philosopher Anaxagoras . He reasoned that it was a giant flaming ball of metal even larger than the land of the Peloponnesus and that the Moon reflected the light of the Sun .Eratosthenes estimated the distance between Earth and the Sun in the 3rd century BC as "of stadia myriads 400 and 80000", the translati... | [0.04282376170158386, 0.06794074177742004, -0.0658646821975708, -0.026277683675289154, -0.05002579092979431, -0.05961831659078598, 0.022105183452367783, 0.08357280492782593, 0.036429524421691895, 0.038173943758010864, -0.028403043746948242, -0.04001268744468689, 0.013296619057655334, -0.02010626159608364, -0.0175627227... | Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wik... |
68 | the fixed stars where it seems to be moving slowest ) is changing . In modern heliocentric terms , this is caused by a gradual motion of the aphelion of the Earth 's orbit .Ibn Yunus observed more than 10,000 entries for the Sun's position for many years using a large astrolabe. The first reasonably accurate distance t... | [0.00511445477604866, -0.003936923574656248, -0.028940899297595024, -0.0053522358648478985, 0.007916487753391266, -0.08882205933332443, -0.04130394756793976, 0.05149776488542557, -0.006626291200518608, 0.04497141018509865, 0.04117414727807045, -0.005323838442564011, 0.019603746011853218, 0.0014714444987475872, -0.05674... | Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wik... |
69 | light using a prism , and showed that it is made up of light of many colours . In 1800 , William Herschel discovered infrared radiation beyond the red part of the solar spectrum .The 19th century saw advancement in spectroscopic studies of the Sun; Joseph von Fraunhofer recorded more than 600 absorption lines in the sp... | [-0.07232793420553207, 0.03588945046067238, -0.04847593605518341, 0.06322268396615982, 0.06914197653532028, -0.008592560887336731, 0.05368952080607414, 0.07744143903255463, 0.01782967522740364, 0.055240146815776825, -0.02656858041882515, -0.04182373732328415, -0.029970120638608932, -0.032192159444093704, 0.030546061694... | Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wik... |
70 | Not until 1904 was a documented solution offered . Ernest Rutherford suggested that the Sun 's output could be maintained by an internal source of heat , and suggested radioactive decay as the source .However, it would be Albert Einstein who would provide the essential clue to the source of the Sun's energy output with... | [-0.07651437819004059, 0.029157036915421486, -0.06390369683504105, 0.07985221594572067, 0.040160708129405975, -0.009004347026348114, 0.04106152802705765, 0.023441217839717865, -0.05273979902267456, 0.08132952451705933, 0.00427195243537426, -0.0015408116159960628, 0.02521533891558647, -0.03756197541952133, 0.03246911242... | Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wik... |
71 | on solar wind and the solar corona . The Helios 1 and 2 probes were U.S.–German collaborations that studied the solar wind from an orbit carrying the spacecraft inside Mercury 's orbit at perihelion .The Skylab space station, launched by NASA in 1973, included a solar observatory module called the Apollo Telescope Moun... | [-0.030427025631070137, 0.024564001709222794, 0.01194832008332014, 0.10629353672266006, -0.023781582713127136, -0.020683709532022476, 0.031576644629240036, 0.045183777809143066, 0.024479014798998833, -0.03429427370429039, 0.019872142001986504, 0.014855793677270412, 0.017371226102113724, 0.04826943203806877, 0.009302108... | Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wik... |
72 | the Sun . It was destroyed by atmospheric re-entry in 2005 . The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory , jointly built by the European Space Agency and NASA , was launched on 2 December 1995 .Originally intended to serve a two-year mission, SOHO remains in operation as of 2024. Situated at the Lagrangian point between Ear... | [-0.026398416608572006, -0.009946375153958797, 0.024467112496495247, 0.0065550049766898155, 0.05327332392334938, -0.09174137562513351, -0.05521547421813011, -0.03539824113249779, -0.0026152802165597677, 0.020413856953382492, -0.048891738057136536, 0.09312629699707031, 0.0029121912084519863, 0.0027816996444016695, 0.035... | Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wik... |
73 | to the eye The brightness of the Sun can cause pain from looking at it with the naked eye ; however , doing so for brief periods is not hazardous for normal non-dilated eyes .Looking directly at the Sun, known as sungazing, causes phosphene visual artefacts and temporary partial blindness. It also delivers about 4 mill... | [-0.012057993561029434, 0.05163951590657234, 0.053211599588394165, 0.06626498699188232, 0.12465730309486389, -0.05586450546979904, 0.0933733731508255, 0.04163365438580513, 0.0059186676517128944, 0.03815797343850136, 0.013195453211665154, -0.004257365129888058, -0.00474909832701087, 0.06615515798330307, 0.01095347665250... | Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wik... |
74 | be seen shortly after sunset or before sunrise . The flash is caused by light from the Sun just below the horizon being bent ( usually through a temperature inversion ) towards the observer .Light of shorter wavelengths (violet, blue, green) is bent more than that of longer wavelengths (yellow, orange, red) but the vio... | [-0.006392574403434992, 0.05159672722220421, 0.009440373629331589, 0.08238410204648972, 0.018250349909067154, -0.09341419488191605, -0.024982968345284462, -0.04789178818464279, 0.08613111078739166, -0.0016940663335844874, -0.006997834425419569, -0.08203405141830444, 0.005397005006670952, 0.022030923515558243, 0.0821548... | Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wik... |
75 | the Sun was worshipped as the god Ra , portrayed as a falcon-headed divinity surmounted by the solar disk . In the New Empire period , the Sun became identified with the dung beetle .In the form of the sun disc Aten, the Sun had a brief resurgence during the Amarna Period when it again became the preeminent, if not onl... | [-0.037352513521909714, 0.09134125709533691, 0.030648723244667053, 0.08998563140630722, -0.034538064152002335, -0.023325558751821518, 0.07948911190032959, -0.03676263242959976, 0.03645515441894531, 0.010413219220936298, 0.007156929466873407, -0.04308027774095535, -0.03808028995990753, -0.02851169928908348, 0.0045524411... | Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wik... |
76 | as they prayed . The celebration of the winter solstice ( which influenced Christmas ) was part of the Roman cult of Sol Invictus . It was adopted as the Sabbath day by Christians .The symbol of light was a pagan device adopted by Christians, and perhaps the most important one that did not come from Jewish traditions. ... | [-0.04482055827975273, 0.10182429105043411, 0.017827598378062248, 0.1162724643945694, -0.023526623845100403, -0.06703130900859833, 0.07022033631801605, -0.004899915773421526, 0.051760148257017136, 0.007503028027713299, -0.020421303808689117, -0.032346855849027634, 0.04133901000022888, 0.018788879737257957, 0.0491307042... | Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wik... |
77 | `` Helioseismology and the Sun 's interior '' . Astronomy & Geophysics . 45 ( 4 ) : 4.21 – 4.25 . Bibcode:2004A & G .... 45d .. 21T . doi:10.1046/j.1468-4004.2003.45421.x . ISSN 1366-8781 .External links
Astronomy Cast: The Sun Archived 12 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine
Satellite observations of solar luminosity Arch... | [-0.06992422789335251, 0.047729335725307465, 0.002276427811011672, 0.028764361515641212, -0.03109820932149887, -0.06664273887872696, -0.09267029166221619, -0.00784796942025423, -0.04823896288871765, -0.03862655535340309, -0.03354102373123169, 0.02173302322626114, 0.041260331869125366, -0.04092349484562874, 0.0177774187... | Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun.https://en.wik... |
78 | Mercury is the first planet from the Sun and the smallest in the Solar System. It is a rocky planet with a trace atmosphere and a surface gravity slightly higher than that of Mars. The surface of Mercury is similar to Earth's Moon, being heavily cratered, with an expansive rupes system generated from thrust faults, an... | [0.1098872572183609, 0.023504959419369698, 0.07355356216430664, 0.01615620218217373, 0.019593093544244766, -0.06569758802652359, 0.03906713426113129, 0.06214389577507973, 0.04740758612751961, -0.09229592233896255, -0.044081445783376694, -0.052399858832359314, -0.027692528441548347, -0.008525968529284, 0.070719532668590... | Mercury (planet) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_... |
79 | from −170 °C ( −270 °F ) at night to 420 °C ( 790 °F ) during sunlight . Due to its very small axial tilt , the planet 's poles are permanently shadowed .This strongly suggests that water ice could be present in the craters. Like the other planets in the Solar System, Mercury formed approximately 4.5 billion years ago.... | [0.029891937971115112, 0.013012999668717384, 0.08630863577127457, 0.04616762697696686, 0.06459883600473404, -0.033150531351566315, -0.01649416796863079, 0.03795453533530235, 0.026592066511511803, -0.04689379781484604, -0.04808250814676285, -0.05269888788461685, -0.01764148660004139, -0.0542239211499691, 0.0462736748158... | Mercury (planet) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_... |
80 | humans knew Mercury by different names depending on whether it was an evening star or a morning star . By about 350 BC , the ancient Greeks had realized the two stars were one .They knew the planet as Στίλβων Stilbōn, meaning "twinkling", and Ἑρμής Hermēs, for its fleeting motion, a name that is retained in modern Gree... | [0.058313414454460144, 0.01302270870655775, 0.02584207057952881, 0.024705316871404648, 0.008931509219110012, -0.09127821773290634, 0.04629145935177803, 0.026296313852071762, 0.06058008223772049, -0.0498630627989769, -0.003624298609793186, -0.05774497240781784, -0.002216596156358719, -0.05915117263793945, -0.00782056618... | Mercury (planet) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_... |
81 | , plus trace amounts of other elements . The planet 's density is the second highest in the Solar System at 5.427 g/cm3 , only slightly less than Earth 's density of 5.515 g/cm3 .If the effect of gravitational compression were to be factored out from both planets, the materials of which Mercury is made would be denser ... | [0.07147027552127838, -0.02793392539024353, 0.007447018288075924, 0.007285866886377335, 0.11632833629846573, -0.06816061586141586, -0.003322278382256627, 0.06294230371713638, -0.007678664289414883, -0.05271368846297264, -0.0966191217303276, -0.06504011899232864, 0.024972975254058838, -0.01970154419541359, 0.05509884282... | Mercury (planet) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_... |
82 | extending up to several hundred kilometers in length . It is thought that these were formed as Mercury 's core and mantle cooled and contracted at a time when the crust had already solidified .Mercury's core has a higher iron content than that of any other planet in the Solar System, and several theories have been prop... | [0.05438142269849777, 0.008508442901074886, 0.11190149933099747, 0.05522962659597397, 0.10524289309978485, -0.04420985281467438, -0.0013279874110594392, 0.10438773036003113, -0.029015425592660904, -0.016977673396468163, -0.03456869721412659, -0.05370107293128967, -0.007825811393558979, -0.06094391644001007, 0.049867406... | Mercury (planet) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_... |
83 | particles were lost from the accreting material and not gathered by Mercury . Each hypothesis predicts a different surface composition , and two space missions have been tasked with making observations of this composition .The first MESSENGER, which ended in 2015, found higher-than-expected potassium and sulfur levels ... | [0.03218013793230057, 0.008648985996842384, 0.1775204837322235, 0.05463655665516853, 0.11178038269281387, -0.01721120811998844, -0.054214999079704285, 0.05420384928584099, -0.0007229875773191452, -0.02866697683930397, -0.0473799854516983, -0.0882985070347786, -0.04058725759387016, -0.046843551099300385, -0.003120172536... | Mercury (planet) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_... |
84 | in chemical composition observed on the surface . The crust is low in iron but high in sulfur , resulting from the stronger early chemically reducing conditions than is found on other terrestrial planets .The surface is dominated by iron-poor pyroxene and olivine, as represented by enstatite and forsterite, respectivel... | [0.008681208826601505, -0.016979772597551346, 0.035169120877981186, 0.04244165122509003, 0.022818490862846375, -0.07607442885637283, 0.02947961539030075, 0.05950003117322922, 0.028203465044498444, -0.03399987146258354, -0.007931564003229141, -0.0862911194562912, -0.005453817546367645, -0.03542313352227211, -0.036910362... | Mercury (planet) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_... |
85 | lack of any atmosphere to slow impactors down . During this time Mercury was volcanically active ; basins were filled by magma , producing smooth plains similar to the maria found on the Moon .One of the most unusual craters is Apollodorus, or "the Spider", which hosts a series of radiating troughs extending outwards f... | [0.058131422847509384, 0.019267860800027847, 0.07602204382419586, 0.017007606104016304, 0.01377875916659832, -0.08176258951425552, -0.07511668652296066, 0.04971420019865036, 0.051197562366724014, -0.07796014845371246, -0.04812956601381302, -0.08846747875213623, -0.04283037781715393, 0.00419969018548727, 0.0186266936361... | Mercury (planet) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_... |
86 | its origin is that shock waves generated during the Caloris impact traveled around Mercury , converging at the basin 's antipode ( 180 degrees away ) . The resulting high stresses fractured the surface .Alternatively, it has been suggested that this terrain formed as a result of the convergence of ejecta at this basin'... | [0.039836518466472626, 0.07508032768964767, 0.11351069808006287, 0.040856875479221344, 0.013873723335564137, -0.01805994287133217, -0.040589023381471634, 0.12770234048366547, 0.0265202596783638, -0.05495820567011833, -0.05676919221878052, -0.09435798972845078, -0.06436692923307419, -0.03887039050459862, 0.0102054085582... | Mercury (planet) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_... |
87 | An unusual feature of Mercury 's surface is the numerous compression folds , or rupes , that crisscross the plains . These exist on the Moon , but are much more prominent on Mercury .As Mercury's interior cooled, it contracted and its surface began to deform, creating wrinkle ridges and lobate scarps associated with th... | [0.025839606299996376, 0.008814334869384766, 0.1209326982498169, 0.021828198805451393, 0.011766220442950726, -0.04201199486851692, -0.09429504722356796, 0.09457912296056747, -0.03108096867799759, -0.07695585489273071, -0.02251935936510563, -0.04644949734210968, -0.05420602485537529, -0.004113074392080307, -0.0157688129... | Mercury (planet) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_... |
88 | mi ) below their brinks and they bear a closer resemblance to volcanic craters sculpted by explosive eruptions or modified by collapse into void spaces created by magma withdrawal back down into a conduit .Scientists could not quantify the age of the volcanic complex system but reported that it could be on the order of... | [0.03481431305408478, 0.028399066999554634, 0.07612594217061996, -0.0010525149991735816, 0.04630570113658905, -0.056588467210531235, -0.029175536707043648, 0.06106391176581383, 0.04745594412088394, -0.022072963416576385, -0.001607739832252264, -0.08686603605747223, 0.018714532256126404, -0.032018031924963, 0.0829814523... | Mercury (planet) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_... |
89 | only possible cause of these reflective regions , astronomers thought it to be the most likely explanation . The presence of water ice was confirmed using MESSENGER images of craters at the north pole .The icy crater regions are estimated to contain about 1014–1015 kg of ice, and may be covered by a layer of regolith t... | [0.0338640958070755, 0.005484391935169697, 0.10017605125904083, 0.044347409158945084, 0.12429974973201752, -0.05401420220732689, 0.023372085765004158, 0.03889787197113037, 0.04413217306137085, 0.005781893152743578, -0.03913986310362816, -0.059429872781038284, -0.028973521664738655, -0.0659966766834259, 0.06559407711029... | Mercury (planet) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_... |
90 | rock , and sublimation from reservoirs of water ice in the permanently shadowed polar craters . The detection of high amounts of water-related ions like O+ , OH− , and H3O+ was a surprise .Because of the quantities of these ions that were detected in Mercury's space environment, scientists surmise that these molecules ... | [-0.02897491306066513, 0.029858628287911415, 0.12716397643089294, 0.01229802891612053, 0.12089568376541138, -0.03384621813893318, 0.07400636374950409, 0.03516339510679245, -0.0118405194953084, 0.014651132747530937, -0.008919666521251202, -0.04478384554386139, 0.06936154514551163, 0.007969534024596214, 0.027337245643138... | Mercury (planet) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_... |
91 | 10° dipolar tilt , compared to 11° for Earth ) . Measurements from both the Mariner 10 and MESSENGER space probes have indicated that the strength and shape of the magnetic field are stable .It is likely that this magnetic field is generated by a dynamo effect, in a manner similar to the magnetic field of Earth. This d... | [0.009505919180810452, 0.0004805161734111607, 0.07599377632141113, 0.019648483023047447, 0.1138659417629242, -0.0052882912568748, 0.01351992692798376, 0.02659764140844345, -0.00161564105655998, -0.06890546530485153, -0.07077624648809433, -0.012532797642052174, 0.03830584138631821, -0.039836905896663666, 0.0717373639345... | Mercury (planet) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_... |
92 | . The MESSENGER observations showed the reconnection rate was ten times higher at Mercury , but its proximity to the Sun only accounts for about a third of the reconnection rate observed by MESSENGER .Orbit, rotation, and longitude
Mercury has the most eccentric orbit of all the planets in the Solar System; its eccentr... | [0.12098339200019836, -0.014445801265537739, 0.055764053016901016, -0.0009250951115973294, 0.00979153998196125, -0.0568530410528183, -0.011244606226682663, 0.042550913989543915, 0.048815466463565826, -0.06841162592172623, 0.049487050622701645, 0.006282942369580269, 0.004132331348955631, -0.04924292862415314, 0.07733117... | Mercury (planet) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_... |
93 | planet is crossing the plane of the ecliptic at the time it lies between Earth and the Sun , which is in May or November . This occurs about every seven years on average .Mercury's axial tilt is almost zero, with the best measured value as low as 0.027 degrees. This is significantly smaller than that of Jupiter, which ... | [0.06651034951210022, -0.007811646908521652, 0.046750374138355255, -0.0005315484013408422, 0.07625923305749893, -0.03630679100751877, -0.06427036225795746, 0.04010830447077751, 0.10388368368148804, -0.06618409603834152, 0.007550650741904974, -0.040598656982183456, -0.02161015383899212, -0.08156275749206543, 0.067632094... | Mercury (planet) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_... |
94 | . A similar effect would have occurred if Mercury had been in synchronous rotation : the alternating gain and loss of rotation over a revolution would have caused a libration of 23.65° in longitude .For the same reason, there are two points on Mercury's equator, 180 degrees apart in longitude, at either of which, aroun... | [0.03921036422252655, 0.04402580112218857, 0.10442161560058594, 0.028172094374895096, 0.0319855660200119, -0.053518906235694885, -0.07009553164243698, -0.021860754117369652, 0.035039450973272324, -0.06969025731086731, 0.03872069716453552, -0.029989613220095634, 0.0438997857272625, -0.07786410301923752, 0.10063685476779... | Mercury (planet) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_... |
95 | equator where the apparent retrograde motion of the Sun happens when it is crossing the horizon as described in the preceding paragraph , receive much less solar heat than the first ones described above .Mercury attains an inferior conjunction (nearest approach to Earth) every 116 Earth days on average, but this interv... | [0.10417318344116211, 0.021276386454701424, 0.07892752438783646, 0.013263463042676449, 0.03952877223491669, -0.037611473351716995, -0.0462474599480629, 0.04549038037657738, 0.034771986305713654, -0.05724503844976425, 0.03259192034602165, -0.0407714918255806, 0.012896092608571053, -0.05054238811135292, 0.074987947940826... | Mercury (planet) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_... |
96 | point for measuring longitude . The center of Hun Kal defines the 20° west meridian . A 1970 International Astronomical Union resolution suggests that longitudes be measured positively in the westerly direction on Mercury .The two hottest places on the equator are therefore at longitudes 0° W and 180° W, and the cooles... | [-0.03194244205951691, 0.001089876051992178, -0.016501344740390778, -0.010237092152237892, -0.027765927836298943, -0.031855951994657516, -0.03560398146510124, -0.035703714936971664, 0.10132116079330444, -0.05279795825481415, 0.05681376904249191, 0.031068505719304085, 0.012835872359573841, -0.08773160725831985, 0.069457... | Mercury (planet) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_... |
97 | the tidal force has a maximum at perihelion and therefore stabilizes resonances , like 3:2 , ensuring that the planet points its axis of least inertia roughly at the Sun when passing through perihelion .The original reason astronomers thought it was synchronously locked was that, whenever Mercury was best placed for ob... | [0.0460052527487278, 0.0008771469001658261, 0.0937826931476593, -0.02148197777569294, 0.0032726770732551813, -0.06255603581666946, -0.06775040924549103, -0.03789251670241356, 0.05463387817144394, -0.07746262103319168, -0.0019104459788650274, -0.0223253034055233, -0.0008212726097553968, -0.09683060646057129, 0.090185165... | Mercury (planet) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_... |
98 | years . If this happens , Mercury may fall into the Sun , collide with Venus , be ejected from the Solar System , or even disrupt the rest of the inner Solar System .Advance of perihelion
In 1859, the French mathematician and astronomer Urbain Le Verrier reported that the slow precession of Mercury's orbit around the S... | [0.014595817774534225, -0.02473783679306507, 0.05571828410029411, 0.019778529182076454, 0.05363265424966812, -0.05227406695485115, -0.04576374590396881, 0.05630103498697281, 0.06442882865667343, 0.0015168501995503902, 0.06643740832805634, -0.000996326212771237, 0.033436696976423264, -0.056798893958330154, -0.0242023989... | Mercury (planet) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_... |
99 | arcsecond per year , or 0.1035 arcsecond per orbital period ) for Mercury ; it therefore requires a little over 12.5 million orbits , or 3 million years , for a full excess turn .Similar, but much smaller, effects exist for other Solar System bodies: 8.6247 arcseconds per century for Venus, 3.8387 for Earth, 1.351 for ... | [0.09869774430990219, -0.07504350692033768, 0.005959409289062023, 0.008410157635807991, 0.026868104934692383, -0.08938729017972946, -0.09706038981676102, 0.08180028945207596, 0.020105386152863503, -0.029410677030682564, -0.019911495968699455, -0.02754867449402809, 0.009786178357899189, -0.0633724108338356, -0.006455466... | Mercury (planet) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.