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600 | of the light passing through some parts of the B Ring is blocked . The B Ring contains a great deal of variation in its density and brightness , nearly all of it unexplained .These are concentric, appearing as narrow ringlets, though the B Ring does not contain any gaps. In places, the outer edge of the B Ring contains... | [-0.01574460230767727, -0.050193823873996735, -0.04680156707763672, -0.0042818342335522175, -0.04966315999627113, -0.10632571578025818, 0.008478066883981228, 0.07633572816848755, 0.09163025766611099, -0.08272144943475723, -0.07004912942647934, 0.00395176699385047, -0.02248482033610344, -0.08146782219409943, 0.006700344... | Rings of Saturn | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Satur... |
601 | hypothesis regarding the spokes ' composition is that they consist of microscopic dust particles suspended away from the main ring by electrostatic repulsion , as they rotate almost synchronously with the magnetosphere of Saturn .The precise mechanism generating the spokes is still unknown. It has been suggested that t... | [-0.0759575217962265, -0.055809590965509415, 0.07677832245826721, 0.027682678773999214, 0.045235197991132736, -0.026012349873781204, 0.07345356047153473, 0.02073170617222786, 0.08725646138191223, 0.033457476645708084, -0.04098762571811676, 0.01435029599815607, -0.008690191432833672, 0.00682027917355299, -0.084523506462... | Rings of Saturn | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Satur... |
602 | moonlet was given the provisional designation S/2009 S 1 . Cassini Division The Cassini Division is a region 4,800 km ( 3,000 mi ) in width between Saturn 's A Ring and B Ring .It was discovered in 1675 by Giovanni Cassini at the Paris Observatory using a refracting telescope that had a 2.5-inch objective lens with a 2... | [-0.03960582613945007, -0.046748366206884384, -0.04223981872200966, -0.010600103996694088, 0.036614254117012024, -0.09363782405853271, 0.037310272455215454, 0.04464590921998024, 0.011065009981393814, -0.05071408301591873, -0.015356468968093395, 0.019233597442507744, -0.05898779258131981, -0.06889526546001434, -0.056590... | Rings of Saturn | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Satur... |
603 | A Ring is the outermost of the large , bright rings . Its inner boundary is the Cassini Division and its sharp outer boundary is close to the orbit of the small moon Atlas .The A Ring is interrupted at a location 22% of the ring width from its outer edge by the Encke Gap. A narrower gap 2% of the ring width from the ou... | [-0.03883257135748863, -0.020853165537118912, -0.07782105356454849, -0.01981521211564541, -0.047155797481536865, -0.0936068743467331, 0.031644392758607864, 0.056875817477703094, 0.07200251519680023, -0.076396144926548, -0.07720723003149033, -0.03576670214533806, -0.04541699215769768, -0.09346841275691986, -0.0020950865... | Rings of Saturn | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Satur... |
604 | ring , centered at a distance of 133,590 km ( 83,000 miles ) from Saturn 's center . It is caused by the presence of the small moon Pan , which orbits within it .Images from the Cassini probe have shown that there are at least three thin, knotted ringlets within the gap. Spiral density waves visible on both sides of it... | [-0.045969996601343155, 0.004254715517163277, -0.04853169247508049, -0.017558280378580093, -0.021894004195928574, -0.07386515289545059, -0.03950231894850731, 0.08755531907081604, 0.050694193691015244, -0.06051776930689812, 0.00132203777320683, -0.023249493911862373, -0.05588824674487114, -0.11223490536212921, -0.038473... | Rings of Saturn | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Satur... |
605 | The Keeler gap was discovered by Voyager , and named in honor of the astronomer James Edward Keeler . Keeler had in turn discovered and named the Encke Gap in honor of Johann Encke .Propeller moonlets
In 2006, four tiny "moonlets" were found in Cassini images of the A Ring. The moonlets themselves are only about a hund... | [0.005466654431074858, -0.020883195102214813, -0.0725301131606102, -0.06237209960818291, 0.03214266896247864, -0.045792676508426666, -0.06429239362478256, 0.11445574462413788, 0.017384126782417297, -0.023102696985006332, 0.04338858276605606, -0.02202078513801098, -0.02360692247748375, -0.06688106805086136, -0.076679229... | Rings of Saturn | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Satur... |
606 | material is similar to the tenuous and dusty D , E , and G Rings . Two locations in the Roche Division have a higher concentration of dust than the rest of the region .These were discovered by the Cassini probe imaging team and were given temporary designations: R/2004 S 1, which lies along the orbit of the moon Atlas;... | [-0.02214382030069828, 0.015940213575959206, -0.04969253018498421, -0.03276364877820015, 0.06691091507673264, -0.10120733082294464, 0.05504969134926796, 0.08877965807914734, 0.10066619515419006, 0.007190783508121967, -0.06902600824832916, 0.026685727760195732, 0.0017407732084393501, -0.048728566616773605, -0.0315805338... | Rings of Saturn | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Satur... |
607 | inner part of the ring . Since Prometheus orbits Saturn more rapidly than the material in the F ring , each new channel is carved about 3.2 degrees in front of the previous one .In 2008, further dynamism was detected, suggesting that small unseen moons orbiting within the F Ring are continually passing through its narr... | [0.01538016740232706, -0.016350306570529938, 0.0001345434138784185, -0.009456132538616657, 0.12755663692951202, -0.07485666126012802, 0.030151326209306717, 0.09970097988843918, 0.06924528628587723, -0.0014821388758718967, -0.06364315748214722, 0.010569227859377861, -0.029116682708263397, -0.08673779666423798, -0.026051... | Rings of Saturn | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Satur... |
608 | . The arc is believed to be composed of icy particles up to a few m in diameter , with the rest of the G Ring consisting of dust released from within the arc .The radial width of the arc is about 250 km (150 miles), compared to a width of 9,000 km (6000 miles) for the G Ring as a whole. The arc is thought to contain ma... | [-0.02803073078393936, -0.05035528168082237, 0.05120548978447914, 0.04771728813648224, 0.005191142670810223, -0.06796614825725555, 0.07348239421844482, 0.10524952411651611, 0.049197155982255936, -0.033946745097637177, -0.07301126420497894, -0.025217317044734955, -0.05290259048342705, -0.046636927872896194, -0.051598951... | Rings of Saturn | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Satur... |
609 | . The material in the arc is believed to represent dust knocked off Anthe by micrometeoroid impacts . The confinement of the dust within the arc is attributable to a 10:11 resonance with Mimas .Under the influence of the same resonance, Anthe drifts back and forth in its orbit over 14° of longitude. Pallene Ring
A fain... | [0.00532434182241559, 0.029102975502610207, 0.03398941457271576, 0.03699284419417381, 0.03968486934900284, -0.07136985659599304, 0.08102371543645859, 0.13236354291439056, 0.08821176737546921, -0.019662141799926758, -0.06118473783135414, -0.004473949782550335, -0.060251496732234955, -0.04551860690116882, -0.016857715323... | Rings of Saturn | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Satur... |
610 | , but described their observations as `` uncertain . '' After Edward Barnard , using the what was at the time the world 's best telescope , failed to find signs of a ring .E. M. Antoniadi argued for the ring's existence in a 1909 publication, recalling a observations by William Wray on 26 December 1861 of a "very faint... | [-0.03595123067498207, 0.04516611248254776, -0.0331173799932003, 0.05689483880996704, -0.022633938118815422, -0.08089511096477509, -0.00497541343793273, 0.09737351536750793, 0.050790976732969284, -0.010955787263810635, -0.0576755665242672, -0.019860366359353065, 0.015443351119756699, -0.07686077803373337, 0.01038456521... | Rings of Saturn | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Satur... |
611 | . '' Only after a digital reanalysis of the 1966 observations as well as several independent observations using ground- and space-based telescopes existence was finally confirmed in a 1980 paper by Feibelman and Klinglesmith .The E Ring is the second outermost ring and is extremely wide; it consists of many tiny (micro... | [-0.06650757789611816, 0.0038838430773466825, -0.0049913921393454075, 0.0036793197505176067, 0.06095694750547409, -0.06495276093482971, 0.060383185744285583, 0.10188262909650803, 0.10507237166166306, -0.009718160144984722, -0.03253793343901634, -0.04970710352063179, -0.017943888902664185, -0.05256476625800133, 0.022874... | Rings of Saturn | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Satur... |
612 | . This disk can be loosely described as another ring . Although very large ( as seen from Earth , the apparent size of two full moons ) , the ring is virtually invisible .It was discovered using NASA's infrared Spitzer Space Telescope, and was seen over the entire range of the observations, which extended from 128 to 2... | [-0.02755775861442089, -0.01772279664874077, -0.021842218935489655, -0.003966132644563913, -0.024062948301434517, -0.08565934747457504, 0.04795411601662636, 0.0903095006942749, 0.08466506004333496, -0.008600511588156223, 0.0009981697658076882, -0.02191813662648201, -0.019584359601140022, -0.0628569945693016, -0.0876524... | Rings of Saturn | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Satur... |
613 | vertical excursions above and below the ring plane agree closely with the ring 's observed thickness of 40 Saturn radii . The existence of the ring was proposed in the 1970s by Steven Soter .The discovery was made by Anne J. Verbiscer and Michael F. Skrutskie (of the University of Virginia) and Douglas P. Hamilton (of ... | [-0.03094562515616417, 0.027410762384533882, 0.034142497926950455, 0.07106409221887589, 0.03115580603480339, -0.1028839722275734, 0.02898608334362507, 0.08091554045677185, 0.06952197849750519, 0.025351431220769882, -0.05757704749703407, -0.07315950095653534, -0.007149158976972103, -0.060273077338933945, -0.026121530681... | Rings of Saturn | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Satur... |
614 | of `` lag '' material covering most of the equatorial region of Iapetus 's leading hemisphere , which contrasts with the bright ice deposits covering the polar regions and most of the trailing hemisphere .See also
Galileo Galilei – the first person to observe Saturn's rings, in 1610
Christiaan Huygens – the first to pr... | [-0.030332287773489952, -0.037471432238817215, -0.018486661836504936, -0.04743363708257675, 0.04394398629665375, -0.08538056910037994, 0.026204554364085197, 0.1384027749300003, 0.05891036242246628, -0.02653367817401886, -0.09314916282892227, 0.015947088599205017, -0.013012243434786797, -0.06655893474817276, -0.03084793... | Rings of Saturn | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Satur... |
615 | Pluto (minor-planet designation: 134340 Pluto) is a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt, a ring of bodies beyond the orbit of Neptune. It is the ninth-largest and tenth-most-massive known object to directly orbit the Sun. It is the largest known trans-Neptunian object by volume by a small margin, but is less massive than ... | [0.10101833939552307, -0.025146113708615303, 0.022851118817925453, -0.02158045582473278, -0.0005767338443547487, -0.1000572070479393, -0.023038234561681747, 0.0737307071685791, 0.040373146533966064, 0.05679390951991081, 0.0009933674009516835, -0.05393211171030998, -0.011514456011354923, -0.056417226791381836, 0.0438598... | Pluto | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl... |
616 | first known object in the Kuiper belt . It was immediately hailed as the ninth planet . However , its planetary status was questioned when it was found to be much smaller than expected .These doubts increased following the discovery of additional objects in the Kuiper belt starting in the 1990s, particularly the more m... | [0.008854854851961136, -0.047749534249305725, 0.004561228211969137, -0.04289791360497475, -0.008821874856948853, -0.0928444117307663, -0.025525320321321487, -0.0007914924062788486, 0.000849962409120053, 0.06348185241222382, 0.02038690820336342, -0.035162005573511124, 0.006614633370190859, 0.015116257593035698, -0.09220... | Pluto | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl... |
617 | Percival 's widow , Constance Lowell , entered into a ten-year legal battle with the Lowell Observatory over her husband 's legacy , and the search for Planet X did not resume until 1929 .Vesto Melvin Slipher, the observatory director, gave the job of locating Planet X to 23-year-old Clyde Tombaugh, who had just arrive... | [0.00770297646522522, -0.04055768996477127, 0.02430424652993679, -0.05168018490076065, 0.05142048001289368, -0.08100643008947372, -0.047682467848062515, -0.026922572404146194, -0.020103013142943382, 0.021707281470298767, 0.07770579308271408, -0.029490500688552856, 0.0399942472577095, -0.0287467110902071, -0.04630179703... | Pluto | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl... |
618 | an asteroid ; Cronus was disfavored because it was promoted by an unpopular and egocentric astronomer , Thomas Jefferson Jackson See . A vote was then taken and 'Pluto ' was the unanimous choice .To make sure the name stuck, and that the planet would not suffer changes in its name as Uranus had, Lowell Observatory prop... | [0.0009124309290200472, -0.054772328585386276, 0.014605104923248291, -0.02910037338733673, -0.004965535830706358, -0.06321776658296585, 0.031254835426807404, 0.0022360458970069885, 0.017092794179916382, 0.06673043221235275, 0.018645938485860825, 0.017324602231383324, 0.03899652883410454, -0.03788188472390175, -0.065084... | Pluto | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl... |
619 | Pluto 's planetary symbol ⟨⟩ was then created as a monogram of the letters `` PL '' . This symbol is rarely used in astronomy anymore , though it is still common in astrology .However, the most common astrological symbol for Pluto, occasionally used in astronomy as well, is an orb (possibly representing Pluto's invisib... | [-0.01730506308376789, -0.004388539120554924, 0.018457908183336258, -0.009153783321380615, -0.06553829461336136, -0.08129207789897919, 0.09465228021144867, 0.014492029324173927, 0.08761489391326904, -0.017561644315719604, 0.10930648446083069, -0.031060321256518364, 0.04558734968304634, -0.02408914640545845, 0.022640148... | Pluto | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl... |
620 | which is also a Buddhist deity , in the form of Sao Diêm Vương 星閻王 `` Yama 's Star '' , derived from Chinese 閻王 Yán Wáng / Yìhm Wòhng `` King Yama '' .Planet X disproved
Once Pluto was found, its faintness and lack of a viewable disc cast doubt on the idea that it was Lowell's Planet X. Estimates of Pluto's mass were r... | [0.007247447036206722, 0.027880540117621422, 0.05045190081000328, 0.06802643090486526, 0.02620502933859825, -0.10776960849761963, 0.056160710752010345, 0.044511377811431885, 0.01840364746749401, 0.07128295302391052, 0.055123470723629, -0.07507173717021942, 0.02292497828602791, -0.027023114264011383, 0.00482208328321576... | Pluto | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl... |
621 | discrepancies , and with them the need for a Planet X , vanished . As of 2000 the majority of scientists agree that Planet X , as Lowell defined it , does not exist .Lowell had made a prediction of Planet X's orbit and position in 1915 that was fairly close to Pluto's actual orbit and its position at that time. Ernest ... | [0.05861736088991165, -0.05922677740454674, 0.03085734136402607, -0.03703397512435913, 0.04136623069643974, -0.0733475461602211, -0.021722130477428436, 0.010958191007375717, 0.06931596994400024, 0.039438214153051376, 0.06341481953859329, -0.015074565075337887, 0.0169421024620533, 0.0003330995386932045, -0.0376680381596... | Pluto | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl... |
622 | planethood . In 1998 , Brian G. Marsden of Harvard University 's Minor Planet Center suggested that Pluto be given the minor planet number 10000 while still retaining its official position as a planet .The prospect of Pluto's "demotion" created a public outcry, and in response the International Astronomical Union clari... | [0.005682964343577623, -0.015154831111431122, 0.007023397833108902, 0.01225964818149805, 0.11812340468168259, -0.10116978734731674, 0.025319779291749, 0.08952359110116959, 0.01684456877410412, 0.11121806502342224, 0.031123772263526917, 0.024969331920146942, -0.01786797307431698, -0.014878781512379646, -0.00939831323921... | Pluto | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl... |
623 | to be rounded by its own gravity . More specifically , its own gravity should pull it into a shape defined by hydrostatic equilibrium . It must have cleared the neighborhood around its orbit .Pluto fails to meet the third condition. Its mass is substantially less than the combined mass of the other objects in its orbit... | [0.020289741456508636, -0.036239996552467346, 0.028356283903121948, 0.02831578068435192, 0.03996698558330536, -0.11065816879272461, -0.008860697038471699, 0.055994775146245956, 0.0012120952596887946, 0.06322214007377625, 0.05678025260567665, -0.03171771392226219, 0.0016741836443543434, -0.07019956409931183, 0.008247721... | Pluto | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl... |
624 | the Lowell Observatory , petitioned against the definition . Others have supported the IAU , for example Mike Brown , the astronomer who discovered Eris . Public reception to the IAU decision was mixed .A resolution introduced in the California State Assembly facetiously called the IAU decision a "scientific heresy". T... | [0.03529345989227295, -0.006478051654994488, 0.07191780209541321, -0.02876535803079605, -0.012057293206453323, -0.07511348277330399, -0.01990732178092003, -0.020007915794849396, -0.04795920476317406, 0.08247990161180496, 0.0409419871866703, 0.007107769139111042, 0.030534064397215843, -0.05676141381263733, -0.0160900317... | Pluto | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl... |
625 | definition of a planet . Entitled `` The Great Planet Debate '' , the conference published a post-conference press release indicating that scientists could not come to a consensus about the definition of planet .In June 2008, the IAU had announced in a press release that the term "plutoid" would henceforth be used to r... | [0.05363204702734947, -0.0232158824801445, -0.014497010968625546, -0.036637723445892334, -0.008400297723710537, -0.04633267968893051, -0.04316152259707451, 0.06652463227510452, 0.06614308059215546, 0.02826484479010105, 0.04150792211294174, 0.008875027298927307, 0.014283327385783195, -0.07248030602931976, 0.062264934182... | Pluto | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl... |
626 | about 39.3 and 39.6 AU with a period of about 19,951 years , corresponding to an orbital period varying between 246 and 249 years . The semi-major axis and period are presently getting longer .Relationship with Neptune
Despite Pluto's orbit appearing to cross that of Neptune when viewed from north or south of the Solar... | [0.060483433306217194, -0.016286706551909447, 0.040045130997896194, -0.054841864854097366, 0.032610710710287094, -0.013074954971671104, -0.05701551213860512, 0.0159936361014843, 0.028283752501010895, 0.05644664540886879, -0.032008569687604904, -0.008962057530879974, 0.06205432862043381, -0.1014629453420639, 0.061651490... | Pluto | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl... |
627 | minimum separation between Pluto and Neptune actually occurs near the time of Pluto 's aphelion . The 2:3 resonance between the two bodies is highly stable and has been preserved over millions of years .This prevents their orbits from changing relative to one another, so the two bodies can never pass near each other. E... | [0.022427601739764214, -0.02372206747531891, 0.04555633291602135, -0.06601908057928085, 0.016665203496813774, -0.04305253177881241, -0.07011963427066803, 0.008892579935491085, 0.06266916543245316, 0.007940183393657207, 0.019859924912452698, -0.017865417525172234, 0.07680700719356537, -0.09287016093730927, 0.05596390366... | Pluto | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl... |
628 | argument of perihelion , the angle between the point where it crosses the ecliptic ( or the invariant plane ) and the point where it is closest to the Sun , librates around 90° .This means that when Pluto is closest to the Sun, it is at its farthest north of the plane of the Solar System, preventing encounters with Nep... | [0.006566264200955629, 0.01650998741388321, 0.01206115446984768, -0.0779334306716919, 0.02796258218586445, -0.012781232595443726, -0.026146242395043373, 0.027312245219945908, 0.09742336720228195, -0.01617482118308544, 0.06016568839550018, -0.009956099092960358, 0.03945528343319893, -0.09265825152397156, 0.0544674247503... | Pluto | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl... |
629 | this unusual orientation has been debated . Research from the University of Arizona has suggested that it may be due to the way that a body 's spin will always adjust to minimize energy .This could mean a body reorienting itself to put extraneous mass near the equator and regions lacking mass tend towards the poles. Th... | [-0.01889289915561676, -0.032095812261104584, 0.05350962653756142, 0.021906718611717224, 0.05776907876133919, -0.020803939551115036, 0.006790841463953257, 0.017748551443219185, 0.07201981544494629, 0.07156254351139069, -0.02523551881313324, 0.028234874829649925, -0.009945512749254704, -0.08624649792909622, 0.0792457163... | Pluto | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl... |
630 | . The color varies from charcoal black , to dark orange and white . Pluto 's color is more similar to that of Io with slightly more orange and significantly less red than Mars .Notable geographical features include Tombaugh Regio, or the "Heart" (a large bright area on the side opposite Charon), Belton Regio, or the "W... | [0.009593036025762558, 0.019395358860492706, 0.04850544035434723, 0.002776120789349079, 0.018518468365073204, -0.0894949659705162, -0.0776636004447937, 0.03453446924686432, 0.035337191075086594, 0.012229638174176216, -0.0456617996096611, -0.0369848906993866, -0.02219337411224842, -0.04119196534156799, 0.021349340677261... | Pluto | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl... |
631 | direction of surrounding mountains . The dune wavelengths are in the range of 0.4–1 km and likely consist of methane particles 200–300 μm in size . Internal structure Pluto 's density is 1.853±0.004 g/cm3 .Because the decay of radioactive elements would eventually heat the ices enough for the rock to separate from them... | [-0.017556140199303627, -0.019240837544202805, 0.09127650409936905, -0.03845687955617905, 0.07164409011602402, -0.0664217546582222, -0.0615340955555439, 0.13065698742866516, -0.0114451227709651, 0.04982135072350502, -0.03769828751683235, -0.054870717227458954, -0.0011189223732799292, -0.036798395216464996, 0.0701594948... | Pluto | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl... |
632 | Russia or Antarctica ( particularly including the Antarctic sea ice during winter ) . Its surface gravity is 0.063 g ( compared to 1 g for Earth and 0.17 g for the Moon ) .This gives Pluto an escape velocity of 4,363.2 km per hour / 2,711.167 miles per hour (as compared to Earth's 40,270 km per hour / 25,020 miles per ... | [0.03922552615404129, -0.033627159893512726, 0.015493086539208889, -0.012807169929146767, 0.012507691979408264, -0.0973634421825409, 0.0005079798283986747, 0.11596111953258514, 0.014250881038606167, 0.02483362704515457, 0.015940308570861816, -0.0764157772064209, -0.030199596658349037, -0.026843713596463203, 0.007697592... | Pluto | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl... |
633 | de Bergh et al . published findings regarding methane mixing ratios in Pluto 's atmosphere consistent with a Plutonian diameter greater than 2,360 km , with a `` best guess '' of 2,368 km .On July 13, 2015, images from NASA's New Horizons mission Long Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI), along with data from the other ... | [0.008103649131953716, 0.0017308794194832444, 0.0477890782058239, -0.03665436804294586, 0.10488597303628922, -0.08953043073415756, 0.023726359009742737, 0.07819648087024689, 0.022793997079133987, 0.01589377224445343, -0.05193017050623894, -0.07473885267972946, 0.0025490408297628164, -0.0731106847524643, 0.0168532375246... | Pluto | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl... |
634 | such densities , nitrogen could flow across the surface as liquid . Just like sweat cools the body as it evaporates from the skin , the sublimation of Pluto 's atmosphere cools its surface .Pluto has no or almost no troposphere; observations by New Horizons suggest only a thin tropospheric boundary layer. Its thickness... | [0.004671544302254915, -0.008639153093099594, 0.09465771168470383, 0.04381060227751732, 0.11907948553562164, -0.11035537719726562, 0.041738759726285934, 0.01626492105424404, 0.05384638160467148, 0.07407114654779434, -0.0029714370612055063, -0.057654235512018204, 0.01857886090874672, -0.07122785598039627, 0.056481558829... | Pluto | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl... |
635 | from Pluto they are Styx , Nix , Kerberos , and Hydra . Nix and Hydra were both discovered in 2005 , Kerberos was discovered in 2011 , and Styx was discovered in 2012 .The satellites' orbits are circular (eccentricity < 0.006) and coplanar with Pluto's equator (inclination < 1°), and therefore tilted approximately 120°... | [0.0073005324229598045, -0.025807255879044533, -0.02374655194580555, -0.07620205730199814, -0.03973322734236717, -0.08081358671188354, -0.037114210426807404, 0.06830669939517975, 0.10274273157119751, 0.004876935854554176, 0.018673310056328773, -0.007151813246309757, 0.011198054999113083, -0.08806342631578445, 0.0156158... | Pluto | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl... |
636 | same position in the sky , or always obscured . This also means that the rotation period of each is equal to the time it takes the entire system to rotate around its barycenter .Pluto's moons are hypothesized to have been formed by a collision between Pluto and a similar-sized body, early in the history of the Solar Sy... | [-0.014671617187559605, -0.05280029773712158, 0.01636497862637043, -0.024536635726690292, 0.003929050639271736, -0.13455860316753387, -0.060108352452516556, 0.011208808049559593, 0.0455743744969368, 0.05640580132603645, -0.007686031982302666, 0.0381452739238739, -0.03589055314660072, -0.11148935556411743, 0.02506842836... | Pluto | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl... |
637 | thought to be the source of many short-period comets . Pluto is the largest member of the Kuiper belt , a stable belt of objects located between 30 and 50 AU from the Sun .As of 2011, surveys of the Kuiper belt to magnitude 21 were nearly complete and any remaining Pluto-sized objects are expected to be beyond 100 AU f... | [0.015688790008425713, 0.0006324435817077756, 0.04959658905863762, -0.04795609787106514, 0.030224082991480827, -0.09035705775022507, 0.0039064884185791016, 0.032769110053777695, 0.03884119540452957, 0.04594235494732857, 0.009871921502053738, -0.06949185580015182, -0.01741071045398712, -0.07000596076250076, 0.0688460841... | Pluto | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl... |
638 | Neptune migrated outward , it approached the objects in the proto-Kuiper belt , setting one in orbit around itself ( Triton ) , locking others into resonances , and knocking others into chaotic orbits .The objects in the scattered disc, a dynamically unstable region overlapping the Kuiper belt, are thought to have been... | [0.005263425875455141, -0.030965011566877365, 0.07268082350492477, -0.022353781387209892, 0.0032757308799773455, -0.11806627362966537, -0.0352742075920105, 0.03489895537495613, 0.07355677336454391, 0.04572803154587746, -0.00338683370500803, -0.04371000826358795, 0.0631781741976738, -0.08140301704406738, 0.0017195075051... | Pluto | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl... |
639 | were brightness maps created from close observations of eclipses by its largest moon , Charon . Observations were made of the change in the total average brightness of the Pluto–Charon system during the eclipses .For example, eclipsing a bright spot on Pluto makes a bigger total brightness change than eclipsing a dark ... | [0.05177320912480354, -0.040234167128801346, 0.029227619990706444, 0.00603729160502553, 0.11090020835399628, -0.09025592356920242, -0.0694206953048706, 0.054036542773246765, 0.019587060436606407, 0.02258189022541046, 0.04517064616084099, 0.042982637882232666, -0.01101593766361475, -0.07538639008998871, -0.0220706537365... | Pluto | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl... |
640 | 14 , 2015 , after a 3,462-day journey across the Solar System . Scientific observations of Pluto began five months before the closest approach and continued for at least a month after the encounter .Observations were conducted using a remote sensing package that included imaging instruments and a radio science investig... | [0.04670048877596855, -0.03644692897796631, 0.07257979363203049, -0.008839758113026619, 0.08869635313749313, -0.09500710666179657, -0.06954552978277206, 0.01691913977265358, 0.014992979355156422, 0.09219446778297424, 0.03653060272336006, -0.016847142949700356, -0.033746637403964996, -0.06204037368297577, -0.02224273793... | Pluto | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl... |
641 | Pluto science objectives are completed . A conceptual study funded by the NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts ( NIAC ) program describes a fusion-enabled Pluto orbiter and lander based on the Princeton field-reversed configuration reactor .New Horizons imaged all of Pluto's northern hemisphere, and the equatorial regions... | [0.05046367272734642, -0.023824909701943398, 0.09055271744728088, -0.04357563704252243, 0.08748183399438858, -0.09217701107263565, -0.08100032061338425, 0.04670339077711105, 0.018646826967597008, 0.05261988192796707, 0.011822317726910114, -0.03422277793288231, 0.052186112850904465, -0.048486918210983276, 0.057113200426... | Pluto | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl... |
642 | Halley's Comet is the only known short-period comet that is consistently visible to the naked eye from Earth, appearing every 72–80 years, though with the majority of recorded apparitions (25 of 30) occurring after 75–77 years. It last appeared in the inner parts of the Solar System in 1986 and will next appear in mid... | [-0.08211007714271545, -0.03850366175174713, 0.05929090082645416, 0.04162668436765671, 0.0009944670600816607, -0.019396629184484482, -0.05945573374629021, 0.09246470034122467, -0.005517212208360434, 0.03777451068162918, -0.0068374983966350555, -0.011130595579743385, 0.036980755627155304, -0.030295804142951965, 0.053492... | Halley's Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https... |
643 | They went as close as 8,890 km ( 5,520 mi ) , and 8,030 km ( 4,990 mi ) , providing data on Halley 's dimensions , shape , temperature , and surface properties .Pronunciation
Comet Halley is usually pronounced , rhyming with valley, or sometimes , rhyming with daily. As to the surname Halley, Colin Ronan, one of Edmond... | [-0.019996000453829765, -0.05593791604042053, 0.00934592168778181, 0.014982745051383972, -0.09706800431013107, -0.0001962655660463497, 0.02338467165827751, 0.05178238824009895, -0.07505347579717636, -0.005924778524786234, -0.008435948751866817, -0.029642995446920395, 0.09509029984474182, -0.031469497829675674, 0.007342... | Halley's Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https... |
644 | publisher , Edmond Halley , who , in his 1705 Synopsis of the Astronomy of Comets , used Newton 's new laws to calculate the gravitational effects of Jupiter and Saturn on cometary orbits .Having compiled a list of 24 comet observations, he calculated that the orbital elements of a second comet that had appeared in 168... | [-0.04954686388373375, -0.049327049404382706, 0.052094366401433945, 0.030808648094534874, -0.009179724380373955, -0.04189665615558624, -0.07983974367380142, 0.08471094071865082, -0.05835765227675438, 0.057506922632455826, -0.04365239664912224, 0.02962324395775795, 0.03616920858621597, -0.04387935623526573, -0.024890687... | Halley's Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https... |
645 | Williams demonstrates the impact of the comet 's return on period astronomers . Williams ' hand rests on page 521 of the third edition of Newton 's Principia with procedures to predict comet sightings .The white smudge in the sky is probably a depiction of Halley's comet relative to the constellations in March 1759, an... | [-0.07776504755020142, -0.0023035306949168444, 0.07256380468606949, 0.0672193318605423, 0.057147081941366196, -0.031500160694122314, -0.06702661514282227, 0.06940963119268417, -0.0028410220984369516, 0.044132355600595474, -0.07153977453708649, 0.052686840295791626, 0.032410964369773865, -0.06138857454061508, -0.0825781... | Halley's Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https... |
646 | the captains of the ships err '' . It has also been suggested that the passage may have referred to the variable star Mira , whose brightness oscillates with a period of sixty years .Researchers in 1981 attempting to calculate the past orbits of Halley by numerical integration starting from accurate observations in the... | [0.023606672883033752, 0.021501122042536736, 0.04018143564462662, -0.002899392507970333, -0.05586029589176178, -0.02486737072467804, -0.07151354849338531, 0.06913013756275177, 0.0005661497125402093, 0.015302199870347977, 0.05722067505121231, -0.017080513760447502, 0.05294472351670265, -0.03597024828195572, 0.0417236872... | Halley's Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https... |
647 | : the Eta Aquariids in early May , and the Orionids in late October . Halley is classified as a periodic or short-period comet : one with an orbit lasting 200 years or less .This contrasts it with long-period comets, whose orbits last for thousands of years. Periodic comets have an average inclination to the ecliptic o... | [-0.05010969191789627, -0.017421578988432884, 0.05815422534942627, -0.007238282356411219, 0.002140291966497898, -0.028141841292381287, -0.08281451463699341, 0.03798280656337738, -0.00032500011730007827, -0.010515608824789524, 0.005065085366368294, -0.017710654065012932, 0.012549194507300854, -0.06817276030778885, 0.088... | Halley's Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https... |
648 | just outside that of Uranus to twice the distance of Pluto . It may be a member of a new population of small Solar System bodies that serves as the source of Halley-type comets .Halley has probably been in its current orbit for 16,000–200,000 years, although it is not possible to numerically integrate its orbit for mor... | [-0.03909489884972572, -0.027964714914560318, 0.025310248136520386, -0.02746998518705368, -0.007291444111615419, -0.05190210044384003, -0.10241450369358063, 0.11936222016811371, -0.024888942018151283, 0.03842640668153763, -0.0026377011090517044, -0.00250325258821249, 0.03040239028632641, -0.030906034633517265, 0.005079... | Halley's Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https... |
649 | Vega missions gave planetary scientists their first view of Halley 's surface and structure . The nucleus is a conglomerate of ices and dust , often referred to as a `` dirty snowball '' .Like all comets, as Halley nears the Sun, its volatile compounds (those with low boiling points, such as water, carbon monoxide, car... | [-0.018039081245660782, -0.028485799208283424, 0.058249350637197495, 0.02704033814370632, 0.08665429055690765, -0.042641300708055496, 0.038743820041418076, 0.10019572824239731, 0.08011472225189209, 0.04184691235423088, -0.015606529079377651, -0.03208547830581665, -0.035194169729948044, -0.015572594478726387, 0.03627948... | Halley's Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https... |
650 | Lamy et al . determined an effective diameter of 11 kilometres ( 6.8 mi ) . Its shape has been variously compared to that of a peanut , a potato , or an avocado .Its mass is roughly 2.2 × 1014 kg, with an average density of about 0.55 grams per cubic centimetre (0.32 oz/cu in). The low density indicates that it is made... | [-0.00031945129740051925, -0.00021013779041823, 0.02311168797314167, 0.007908892817795277, -0.04037220776081085, -0.03387744724750519, -0.06088557466864586, 0.09163597226142883, 0.02635378949344158, 0.006627640221267939, -0.0018049738137051463, -0.04551403969526291, 0.0005381800001487136, -0.012207801453769207, 0.00817... | Halley's Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https... |
651 | the water released by Halley was initially thought to be similar to that found in Earth 's ocean water , suggesting that Halley-type comets may have delivered water to Earth in the distant past .Subsequent observations showed Halley's deuterium ratio to be far higher than that found in Earth's oceans, making such comet... | [-0.08261124044656754, 0.006167812272906303, 0.08025432378053665, 0.04332512617111206, 0.05157288908958435, -0.026222068816423416, 0.004451379179954529, 0.08449695259332657, -0.03127310425043106, 0.06317346543073654, -0.06734412908554077, -0.05729460343718529, 0.03577866405248642, -0.0243309885263443, 0.026382880285382... | Halley's Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https... |
652 | heat . Together , these observations suggested that Halley was in fact predominantly composed of non-volatile materials , and thus more closely resembled a `` snowy dirtball '' than a `` dirty snowball '' .History
Before 1066
Due to its intrinsic brightness, about one eighth of all comet sightings mentioned in historic... | [-0.08928035944700241, 0.06430515646934509, 0.03370581567287445, -0.02673805132508278, -0.10889413207769394, -0.026266207918524742, -0.00755504984408617, 0.11736006289720535, -0.012858142144978046, -0.011423126794397831, -0.059776149690151215, -0.0474395714700222, 0.057729315012693405, -0.027016455307602882, -0.0261165... | Halley's Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https... |
653 | passed within 0.16 au of Earth . According to the Roman historian Cassius Dio , a comet appeared suspended over Rome for several days portending the death of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa in that year .Halley's appearance in 12 BC, only a few years distant from the conventionally assigned date of the birth of Jesus Christ, ... | [-0.05575309693813324, 0.06534900516271591, 0.022077666595578194, 0.029270213097333908, -0.022464627400040627, -0.027055921033024788, 0.0012619436020031571, 0.07773956656455994, -0.04544795677065849, 0.024761179462075233, -0.02481895498931408, -0.0367448553442955, 0.022741593420505524, -0.0058018602430820465, 0.0055395... | Halley's Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https... |
654 | 451 AD apparition was said to herald the defeat of Attila the Hun at the Battle of Chalons . The 684 AD apparition was reported in Chinese records as the `` broom star '' .The 760 AD apparition was recorded in the Zuqnin Chronicle's entry for iyyōr 1071 SE (May 760 AD), calling it a "white sign":
The year [SE] one tho... | [-0.060077764093875885, 0.05848439037799835, 0.005632595159113407, 0.06927689909934998, -0.010609608143568039, -0.08638709038496017, 0.013609989546239376, 0.04034896567463875, -0.02940196543931961, -0.03945638984441757, -0.014868306927382946, -0.009839767590165138, 0.035800933837890625, -0.026208799332380295, -0.004872... | Halley's Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https... |
655 | Harold II of England died at the Battle of Hastings and William the Conqueror claimed the throne . The comet is represented on the Bayeux Tapestry and described in the tituli as a star .Surviving accounts from the period describe it as appearing to be four times the size of Venus, and shining with a light equal to a qu... | [0.02064952813088894, 0.04821034148335457, 0.09545338153839111, -0.04615040123462677, 0.01917690970003605, 0.015432345680892467, -0.061849385499954224, 0.04349524527788162, -0.0741618424654007, -0.03418527916073799, -0.026089107617735863, 0.0007740215514786541, 0.019465722143650055, -0.06132008507847786, 0.018840197473... | Halley's Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https... |
656 | mentions that a `` comet-star '' appeared in the sky in the year 1067 ( the chronicle is erroneous , as the event occurred in 1066 , and by Robert he means William ) .The Emperor Constantine Ducas died in the month of May, and his son Michael received the Empire. And in this year there appeared a comet star, and the No... | [-0.08681130409240723, 0.02090764418244362, -0.008349793031811714, 0.008398585021495819, -0.030487511307001114, -0.019369550049304962, -0.032313983887434006, 0.030286218971014023, -0.02071559987962246, 0.006377396173775196, -0.06100902706384659, 0.010026780888438225, -0.028991593047976494, -0.05278439447283745, 0.02222... | Halley's Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https... |
657 | in the south-west direction in August ( September in solar calendar ) . The 1301 apparition was visually spectacular , and may be the first that resulted in convincing portraits of a particular comet .The Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani wrote that the comet left "great trails of fumes behind", and that it remain... | [-0.04956104978919029, 0.045960742980241776, 0.005741951521486044, -0.0036729522980749607, 0.00015885435277596116, -0.028124738484621048, -0.0015555766876786947, 0.06382358819246292, -0.05597420781850815, -0.00908773485571146, -0.06934161484241486, -0.028989572077989578, 0.027562705799937248, 0.01707169972360134, -0.01... | Halley's Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https... |
658 | Calixtus , to avert the wrath of God , ordered supplications that if evils were impending for the human race He would turn all upon the Turks , the enemies of the Christian name .He likewise ordered, to move God by continual entreaty, that notice should be given by the bells to call the faithful at midday to aid by the... | [-0.026272257789969444, 0.06148436293005943, -0.04368945583701134, 0.010057277046144009, -0.10220519453287125, -0.02143789827823639, 0.04374409466981888, 0.04197140783071518, 0.07209791243076324, 0.014227919280529022, -0.03472185134887695, -0.011511255986988544, 0.07425601780414581, -0.03210996836423874, 0.013616901822... | Halley's Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https... |
659 | visit in 1531 , with the former even including graphics in his publication . Through his observations , Apianus was able to prove that a comet 's tail always points away from the Sun .The three apparitions from 1531 to 1682 were noted by Edmond Halley, enabling him to predict it would return. One key breakthrough occur... | [-0.06569814682006836, -0.03274962306022644, 0.048999350517988205, -0.008377501741051674, 0.024498706683516502, -0.012354466132819653, -0.08877082914113998, 0.09510109573602676, -0.08490672707557678, 0.06411679089069366, -0.008130112662911415, 0.04729726165533066, 0.01907966658473015, -0.030444784089922905, -0.01384337... | Halley's Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https... |
660 | by German astronomer Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel . Observations of streams of vapour prompted Bessel to propose that the jet forces of evaporating material could be great enough to significantly alter a comet 's orbit .An interview in 1910, of someone who was a teenager at the time of the 1835 apparition had this to say:
... | [-0.04279562458395958, 0.04809239134192467, 0.02682112157344818, 0.03015056625008583, 0.02230951003730297, -0.026837071403861046, -0.0015778655651956797, 0.12248045951128006, -0.03353108838200569, 0.07440340518951416, -0.02582339383661747, 0.032406650483608246, 0.009515892714262009, -0.005899808369576931, -0.0373585186... | Halley's Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https... |
661 | 1910 would be only 74.42 years , one of the shortest known periods of its return , which is calculated to be as long as 79 years owing to the effects of the planets .At Paris Observatory Halley's Comet 1835 apparition was observed with a Lerebours telescope of 24.4 cm (9.6 in) aperture by the astronomer François Arago.... | [-0.05062543973326683, 0.02295619063079357, 0.04264303296804428, 0.015027971006929874, 0.09585590660572052, -0.01507446076720953, -0.01656237803399563, 0.18213248252868652, -0.0044782436452806, 0.08171775192022324, 0.020675117149949074, 0.024484088644385338, 0.002092009875923395, 0.008142356760799885, -0.03447122499346... | Halley's Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https... |
662 | Hutson , a missionary in Sichuan Province at the time , recorded : '' The people believe that it indicates calamity such as war , fire , pestilence , and a change of dynasty .In some places on certain days the doors were unopened for half a day, no water was carried and many did not even drink water as it was rumoured ... | [-0.02335960604250431, 0.04370364919304848, -0.040637675672769547, 0.05279352143406868, -0.0016258343821391463, -0.005323256365954876, -0.01146392896771431, 0.0323883555829525, -0.015542842447757721, 0.01002808753401041, 0.05169030651450157, 0.016279086470603943, 0.03478825092315674, -0.007607429288327694, 0.0392790436... | Halley's Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https... |
663 | is distinct from the Great Daylight Comet of 1910 , which surpassed Halley in brilliance and was visible in broad daylight for a short period , approximately four months before Halley made its appearance .1986
The 1986 apparition of Halley's Comet was the least favourable on record. In February 1986, the comet and the ... | [-0.019340626895427704, 0.053811945021152496, 0.05299371853470802, 0.03060923144221306, 0.03250254690647125, -0.020498983561992645, -0.07524995505809784, 0.13387930393218994, -0.04623233899474144, 0.03891813009977341, 0.00026451749727129936, -0.008234618231654167, 0.06264336407184601, -0.04132482409477234, 0.0162858925... | Halley's Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https... |
664 | to do so . The Soviet Vega 1 probe began returning images of Halley on 4 March 1986 , captured the first-ever image of its nucleus , and made its flyby on 6 March .It was followed by the Vega 2 probe, making its flyby on 9 March. On 14 March, the Giotto space probe, launched by the European Space Agency, made the close... | [-0.08127804845571518, -0.0052640545181930065, -0.024319592863321304, 0.05843564122915268, 0.016460098326206207, -0.029098322615027428, -0.05507737770676613, 0.09156520664691925, -0.022110607475042343, 0.013988056220114231, 0.036467328667640686, -0.02423524670302868, -0.01591956615447998, 0.001910095801576972, 0.024969... | Halley's Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https... |
665 | but the mission was cancelled following the Challenger disaster and ASTRO-1 would not fly until late 1990 on STS-35 . In Japan , the comet was observed by Emperor Hirohito , who was 84 .He had already seen it in 1910 when he was 8. After 1986
On 12 February 1991, at a distance of 14.3 au (2,140 million km) from the Sun... | [-0.03403262421488762, 0.03671107068657875, 0.09912409633398056, 0.03825976699590683, 0.01614711433649063, 0.007934496738016605, -0.03991466015577316, 0.1327511966228485, -0.04386718198657036, 0.014543269760906696, 0.003267064690589905, -0.04582633823156357, 0.014641482383012772, -0.008981137536466122, 0.07438900321722... | Halley's Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https... |
666 | December 2023 , Halley 's Comet reached the farthest and slowest point in its orbit from the Sun when it was travelling at 0.91 km/s ( 2,000 mph ) with respect to the Sun .2061
The next perihelion of Halley's Comet is predicted for 28 July 2061, when it will be better positioned for observation than during the 1985–198... | [0.014159874990582466, -0.03048325888812542, 0.040029458701610565, -0.003925609402358532, 0.024720624089241028, -0.038377225399017334, -0.13463202118873596, 0.0953233391046524, -0.002214267384260893, 0.003273295471444726, -0.014231660403311253, -0.049191877245903015, 0.03682965412735939, -0.05394195020198822, 0.0193289... | Halley's Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https... |
667 | the lower-case letter indicates which comet it was for a given year overall . The perihelion dates farther from the present are approximate , mainly because of uncertainties in the modelling of non-gravitational effects .Perihelion dates of 1531 and earlier are in the Julian calendar, while perihelion dates 1607 and af... | [-0.04097015783190727, 0.03734956309199333, 0.08258099108934402, -0.033187322318553925, -0.04999468848109245, -0.013015186414122581, -0.09875041991472244, 0.14046207070350647, -0.0005340753123164177, 0.037831541150808334, 0.015041714534163475, 0.05504566431045532, 0.041097693145275116, -0.05146373435854912, -0.02338149... | Halley's Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https... |
668 | ) . `` Comets , meteors , and meteorites '' . Science and Civilisation in China : Volume 3 , Mathematics and the Sciences of the Heavens and the Earth . Cambridge University Press .pp. 430–433. ISBN 978-0-521-05801-8. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Rayner, John D. (1998). A Jewish Understanding of th... | [-0.06782074272632599, 0.06650703400373459, 0.10322728008031845, 0.04731997847557068, -0.02967531979084015, -0.019532235339283943, -0.044868361204862595, 0.005726800300180912, -0.004577547777444124, 0.05339530110359192, -0.037018634378910065, -0.05579974874854088, 0.02939448691904545, -0.021844711154699326, -0.01390919... | Halley's Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet.https... |
669 | A dwarf planet is a small planetary-mass object that is in direct orbit around the Sun, massive enough to be gravitationally rounded, but insufficient to achieve orbital dominance like the eight classical planets of the Solar System. The prototypical dwarf planet is Pluto, which for decades was regarded as a planet be... | [0.04707645624876022, -0.03931596130132675, 0.062092412263154984, 0.0236813984811306, 0.04394456371665001, -0.05988979712128639, -0.037050917744636536, 0.0020008611027151346, 0.022638224065303802, 0.08644245564937592, -0.02659495361149311, -0.08978548645973206, 0.0034338384866714478, -0.06582928448915482, 0.05180654674... | Dwarf planet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedi... |
670 | these are likely to be dwarf planets . History of the concept Starting in 1801 , astronomers discovered Ceres and other bodies between Mars and Jupiter that for decades were considered to be planets .Between then and around 1851, when the number of planets had reached 23, astronomers started using the word asteroid (fr... | [0.058829449117183685, -0.020939424633979797, 0.038730982691049576, 0.016802776604890823, 0.04392166808247566, -0.07553602010011673, -0.0206924919039011, 0.09520987421274185, -0.008964317850768566, 0.07462871074676514, 0.044993434101343155, -0.016234783455729485, 0.030089108273386955, -0.038270726799964905, 0.000761840... | Dwarf planet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedi... |
671 | even farther away . Many of these shared several of Pluto 's key orbital characteristics , and Pluto started being seen as the largest member of a new class of objects , the plutinos .It became clear that either the larger of these bodies would also have to be classified as planets, or Pluto would have to be reclassifi... | [-0.025504814460873604, -0.057232584804296494, -0.02292667143046856, -0.019969429820775986, 0.03633321821689606, -0.08345331996679306, 0.006086441222578287, 0.056634727865457535, 0.01711449958384037, 0.08297312259674072, 0.05281509831547737, 0.01323728822171688, -0.03062407486140728, -0.034534845501184464, 0.0162274930... | Dwarf planet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedi... |
672 | Although concerns were raised about the classification of planets orbiting other stars , the issue was not resolved ; it was proposed instead to decide this only when dwarf-planet-size objects start to be observed .In the immediate aftermath of the IAU definition of dwarf planet, some scientists expressed their disagre... | [0.044103167951107025, -0.03319394588470459, 0.027147836983203888, -0.02294214628636837, 0.030429447069764137, -0.07636815309524536, 0.036565620452165604, -0.01268023531883955, 0.018863791599869728, 0.07588943839073181, -0.00559995137155056, -0.00777864595875144, 0.02220463752746582, -0.05369610711932182, 0.02951035462... | Dwarf planet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedi... |
673 | not the largest sub-planets , and is still used that way by many planetary astronomers . The term dwarf planet , used as a synonym for asteroid , dates back at least to 1838 .It has also been used as an antonym for giant planet, including the terrestrial planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars, as well as the Moon. In ... | [0.014617698267102242, -0.06206251680850983, 0.05848276987671852, -0.04106647148728371, -0.012990141287446022, -0.11785748600959778, -0.029287682846188545, 0.05475836992263794, -0.029574140906333923, 0.0777457132935524, -0.01735498197376728, 0.00814258772879839, 0.01733001135289669, -0.06333685666322708, 0.002739972202... | Dwarf planet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedi... |
674 | planet not being a planet due to the failure of Resolution 5B , alternative terms such as nanoplanet and subplanet were discussed , but there was no consensus among the CSBN to change it .In most languages equivalent terms have been created by translating dwarf planet more-or-less literally: French planète naine, Spani... | [-0.05360257625579834, -0.021702108904719353, 0.006834125611931086, 0.006912022363394499, -0.02961602620780468, -0.07120414823293686, -0.002038749633356929, 0.010821232572197914, 0.053769756108522415, 0.07037309557199478, 0.054390400648117065, -0.07425769418478012, 0.018344132229685783, -0.00685420585796237, 0.01221373... | Dwarf planet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedi... |
675 | IAU have rejected the term : ... in part because of an email miscommunication , the WG-PSN [ Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature ] was not involved in choosing the word plutoid . ...In fact, a vote taken by the WG-PSN subsequent to the Executive Committee meeting has rejected the use of that specific term..... | [-0.08284692466259003, -0.021058034151792526, 0.02065073698759079, 0.035233091562986374, 0.03339230641722679, -0.07503129541873932, -0.0002176886482629925, 0.06663845479488373, 0.061383411288261414, 0.05764205381274223, 0.007958490401506424, -0.0879763662815094, 0.011792803183197975, -0.06644470244646072, 0.03767890483... | Dwarf planet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedi... |
676 | body may have a dynamic ( planetary ) geology at approximately the mass required for its mantle to become plastic under its own weight , which results in the body acquiring a round shape .Because this requires a much lower mass than gravitationally dominating the region of space near their orbit, there are a population... | [0.02807319350540638, -0.009408189915120602, 0.058729469776153564, -0.003206011140719056, -0.0311879962682724, -0.0931628942489624, -0.04657105728983879, 0.0812460333108902, 0.05257576331496239, 0.07440441101789474, -0.029466727748513222, -0.11487534642219543, 0.00529033737257123, 0.007800927385687828, 0.07780115306377... | Dwarf planet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedi... |
677 | , where Λ > 1 will eventually clear it . A gap of five orders of magnitude in Λ was found between the smallest terrestrial planets and the largest asteroids and Kuiper belt objects .Using this parameter, Steven Soter and other astronomers argued for a distinction between planets and dwarf planets based on the inability... | [0.028202151879668236, -0.004230806604027748, 0.012443233281373978, 0.006678697653114796, 0.02618825063109398, -0.061960216611623764, 0.0224063228815794, 0.011256113648414612, 0.07809006422758102, 0.04700210690498352, 0.05452505126595497, -0.023609809577465057, 0.0333716981112957, -0.06056203693151474, 0.00454328209161... | Dwarf planet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedi... |
678 | to fill in , a process known as gravitational relaxation . Bodies smaller than a few kilometers are dominated by non-gravitational forces and tend to have an irregular shape and may be rubble piles .Larger objects, where gravity is significant but not dominant, are potato-shaped; the more massive the body, the higher i... | [0.028276877477765083, -0.03678419068455696, 0.04193048179149628, -0.005710063502192497, 0.024824006482958794, -0.0904570147395134, -0.03933615982532501, 0.022329095751047134, 0.08042188733816147, 0.05231070891022682, -0.06606367230415344, -0.02878706529736519, 0.0010726755717769265, -0.045194026082754135, 0.0963247865... | Dwarf planet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedi... |
679 | , as are all the rounded satellites of the gas giants . Pluto and Charon are tidally locked to each other , as are Eris and Dysnomia , and probably also Orcus and Vanth .There are no specific size or mass limits of dwarf planets, as those are not defining features. There is no clear upper limit: an object very far out ... | [0.057826533913612366, -0.029764389619231224, 0.04241935908794403, -0.022663051262497902, 0.029791835695505142, -0.05684598162770271, -0.01852436177432537, 0.06590105593204498, -0.012912376783788204, 0.01828216202557087, -0.08585801720619202, -0.026000728830695152, 0.017138106748461723, -0.07441826164722443, 0.06687401... | Dwarf planet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedi... |
680 | planets Though the definition of a dwarf planet is clear , evidence about whether a given trans-Neptunian object is large and malleable enough to be shaped by its own gravitational field is often inconclusive .There are also outstanding questions relating to the interpretation of the IAU criterion in certain instances.... | [-0.042022060602903366, -0.02072768099606037, 0.024497520178556442, -2.582628803793341e-05, 0.04806112125515938, -0.08366052806377411, -0.024714909493923187, 0.034730855375528336, 0.013377792201936245, 0.07272249460220337, -0.012234398163855076, -0.10668531805276871, 0.014773692935705185, -0.03801857680082321, -0.00529... | Dwarf planet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedi... |
681 | planet by the IAU since the adoption of Resolution 5A on August 24 , 2006 , and named by the IAU dwarf-planet naming committee on September 13 of that year . One known moon .The IAU only established guidelines for which committee would oversee the naming of likely dwarf planets: any unnamed trans-Neptunian object with ... | [0.006866263225674629, -0.02885892055928707, 0.0024291840381920338, 0.015646230429410934, 0.0012527033686637878, -0.11486318707466125, -0.03163536265492439, 0.002737886505201459, -0.0018690325086936355, 0.08848606795072556, 0.006475217640399933, -0.10208624601364136, 0.006418957374989986, -0.10261444747447968, 0.004175... | Dwarf planet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedi... |
682 | 2018 , referring to Pluto , Eris , Haumea , Makemake , Gonggong , Quaoar , Sedna and Orcus . The IAU itself has called Quaoar a dwarf planet in a 2022–2023 annual report .More bodies have been proposed, such as Salacia and Máni by Brown; Varuna and Ixion by Tancredi et al., and Chiminigagua by Sheppard et al. Most of t... | [-0.04649682343006134, 0.019829222932457924, -0.02263237163424492, 0.003179162507876754, -0.04268490895628929, -0.09941235184669495, -0.040399935096502304, 0.04910193756222725, 0.0180226881057024, 0.09476950019598007, 0.013872044160962105, -0.09737503528594971, 0.0037028866354376078, -0.032565779983997345, -0.021497055... | Dwarf planet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedi... |
683 | of the Kuiper belt and beyond . Individual astronomers have recognized a number of objects as dwarf planets or as likely to prove to be dwarf planets . In 2008 , Tancredi et al .advised the IAU to officially accept Orcus, Sedna and Quaoar as dwarf planets (Gonggong was not yet known), though the IAU did not address the... | [0.011903930455446243, -0.019292078912258148, -0.0011965733719989657, 0.0025375557597726583, 0.006757576484233141, -0.048272039741277695, 0.02609996870160103, 0.012033638544380665, 0.018462220206856728, 0.09139059484004974, -0.005476640071719885, -0.1055518165230751, 0.03484342619776726, 0.033759262412786484, 0.0151962... | Dwarf planet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedi... |
684 | > ≈1.4 g/cc ) Orcus and Quaoar probably were fully solid : Orcus and Charon probably melted and differentiated , considering their higher densities and spectra indicating surfaces made of relatively clean H2O ice .But the lower albedos and densities of Gǃkúnǁʼhòmdímà, 55637 (Uni), Varda, and Salacia suggest that they n... | [-0.06105850636959076, 0.01871095784008503, 0.0822860449552536, 0.08628030866384506, 0.07704059779644012, -0.07545305043458939, 0.022523730993270874, 0.043574586510658264, 0.07054606080055237, 0.06354700028896332, -0.06808400899171829, -0.07604623585939407, 0.038922447711229324, -0.01675018109381199, 0.0463969260454177... | Dwarf planet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedi... |
685 | are present on their surfaces ( e.g . ethane , acetylene , and ethylene ) , which implies that methane is continuously being resupplied , and that methane would likely come from internal geochemistry .On the other hand, the surfaces of Sedna, Gonggong, and Quaoar have low abundances of CO and CO2, similar to Pluto, Eri... | [-0.05954607203602791, 0.0004605259746313095, 0.001680091954767704, 0.002613937482237816, -0.007920053787529469, -0.08204500377178192, -0.055079616606235504, 0.03865811973810196, 0.07100651413202286, 0.0386698916554451, 0.020023168995976448, -0.15564027428627014, -0.002671336755156517, -0.027098894119262695, 0.05465729... | Dwarf planet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedi... |
686 | close to it . Salacia has been included as the largest TNO not generally agreed to be a dwarf planet ; it is a borderline body by many criteria , and is therefore italicized .Charon, a moon of Pluto that was proposed as a dwarf planet by the IAU in 2006, is included for comparison. Those objects that have absolute magn... | [-0.014435802586376667, -0.012340642511844635, 0.011988237500190735, -0.00447270181030035, -0.03004268743097782, -0.0659446120262146, -0.016320988535881042, 0.02864418923854828, 0.0546182356774807, 0.053542785346508026, 0.051066022366285324, -0.05842314660549164, 0.039909813553094864, -0.05157095193862915, -0.019536450... | Dwarf planet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedi... |
687 | spacecraft entered orbit around Ceres , becoming the first spacecraft to visit a dwarf planet . On July 14 , 2015 , the New Horizons space probe flew by Pluto and its five moons .Ceres displays such evidence of an active geology as salt deposits and cryovolcanos, while Pluto has water-ice mountains drifting in nitrogen... | [-0.0761817917227745, -0.047012753784656525, 0.045740317553281784, -0.025642534717917442, 0.06995023041963577, -0.06877490878105164, 0.004034646786749363, -0.009570728056132793, 0.03779900446534157, 0.06215861439704895, 0.031260568648576736, -0.16730010509490967, -0.023750001564621925, -0.04755696654319763, -0.00502636... | Dwarf planet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedi... |
688 | and is roughly spheroidal , deviating mainly due to massive impacts that formed the Rheasilvia and Veneneia craters after it solidified . Its dimensions are not consistent with it currently being in hydrostatic equilibrium .Triton is more massive than Eris or Pluto, has an equilibrium shape, and is thought to be a capt... | [-0.008816512301564217, -0.06976283341646194, 0.044846080243587494, -0.019852176308631897, 0.009778456762433052, -0.04000656679272652, 0.02156974747776985, 0.04251065477728844, -0.030288849025964737, 0.04483557492494583, 0.019878938794136047, -0.133872851729393, -0.011813169345259666, -0.0629810094833374, 0.02436243556... | Dwarf planet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedi... |
689 | whether the Pluto–Charon system should be considered a double dwarf planet . In a draft resolution for the IAU definition of planet , both Pluto and Charon were considered planets in a binary system .The IAU currently says Charon is not considered a dwarf planet but rather a satellite of Pluto, though the idea that Cha... | [-0.01619865372776985, -0.06813730299472809, 0.013123822398483753, -0.03739875927567482, -0.059548959136009216, -0.048175178468227386, -0.038177959620952606, 0.05188984051346779, 0.023696796968579292, 0.011418750509619713, 0.044231198728084564, -0.03464710712432861, -0.00394607987254858, -0.06959564983844757, 0.0214844... | Dwarf planet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet.https://en.wikipedi... |
690 | A comet is an icy, small Solar System body or interstellar object that warms and begins to release gases when passing close to the Sun, a process called outgassing. This produces an extended, gravitationally unbound atmosphere or coma surrounding the nucleus, and sometimes a tail of gas and dust gas blown out from the... | [0.010489658452570438, 0.019663717597723007, 0.02936159446835518, 0.0012062768219038844, 0.04854854196310043, -0.030616547912359238, 0.0011216482380405068, 0.1173504889011383, 0.04103115573525429, 0.06645435839891434, -0.021832093596458435, -0.01549510471522808, 0.009429317899048328, -0.0919184535741806, 0.065556921064... | Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co... |
691 | comet is called an apparition . Extinct comets that have passed close to the Sun many times have lost nearly all of their volatile ices and dust and may come to resemble small asteroids .Asteroids are thought to have a different origin from comets, having formed inside the orbit of Jupiter rather than in the outer Sola... | [-0.0002951755013782531, -0.03544767573475838, 0.04425676912069321, -0.02979208715260029, 0.04222479090094566, -0.021194608882069588, -0.0020567497704178095, 0.07204148173332214, 0.02200123481452465, 0.07227952033281326, -0.021674159914255142, -0.007991854101419449, 0.05052554979920387, -0.0497574508190155, 0.051977984... | Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co... |
692 | is a romanization of the Greek κομήτης 'wearing long hair ' , and the Oxford English Dictionary notes that the term ( ἀστὴρ ) κομήτης already meant 'long-haired star , comet ' in Greek .Κομήτης was derived from κομᾶν (koman) 'to wear the hair long', which was itself derived from κόμη (komē) 'the hair of the head' and w... | [-0.037926219403743744, -0.03140656277537346, 0.11324535310268402, 0.006176103372126818, 0.009255757555365562, -0.04559457674622536, 0.05430721491575241, 0.07772484421730042, -0.006885771173983812, 0.038032520562410355, -0.00478174677118659, -0.01695393957197666, -0.02901320345699787, -0.04187050461769104, 0.0312007386... | Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co... |
693 | complex molecules such as long-chain hydrocarbons and amino acids . In 2009 , it was confirmed that the amino acid glycine had been found in the comet dust recovered by NASA 's Stardust mission .In August 2011, a report, based on NASA studies of meteorites found on Earth, was published suggesting DNA and RNA components... | [-0.030914491042494774, -0.04846241697669029, 0.1158708706498146, 0.0017544059082865715, 0.0876564010977745, -0.03920568525791168, 0.034580640494823456, 0.07954376190900803, -0.017191678285598755, 0.09913310408592224, -0.04314921423792839, -0.04784807562828064, -0.0223383828997612, -0.05025217682123184, 0.0617457218468... | Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co... |
694 | have an average density of 0.6 g/cm3 ( 0.35 oz/cu in ) . Because of their low mass , comet nuclei do not become spherical under their own gravity and therefore have irregular shapes .Roughly six percent of the near-Earth asteroids are thought to be the extinct nuclei of comets that no longer experience outgassing, incl... | [-0.011605330742895603, 0.02203953079879284, -0.028907790780067444, -0.011656975373625755, 0.10399742424488068, -0.042383693158626556, 0.034227095544338226, 0.1181040033698082, -0.028330225497484207, 0.07908712327480316, -0.05303357541561127, -0.033818043768405914, 0.02274305187165737, -0.06268572807312012, 0.036630142... | Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co... |
695 | . The H2O parent molecule is destroyed primarily through photodissociation and to a much smaller extent photoionization , with the solar wind playing a minor role in the destruction of water compared to photochemistry .Larger dust particles are left along the comet's orbital path whereas smaller particles are pushed aw... | [0.04240076243877411, 0.05781639367341995, 0.09455019980669022, -0.0024275854229927063, 0.04400143399834633, -0.058580826967954636, 0.007179525215178728, 0.1342172473669052, -0.022040192037820816, 0.09145686775445938, 0.05238877236843109, 0.05316007882356644, 0.0022823349572718143, -0.028934814035892487, 0.032803356647... | Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co... |
696 | dust , during which the size of the coma greatly increases for a period of time . This happened in 2007 to Comet Holmes . In 1996 , comets were found to emit X-rays .This greatly surprised astronomers because X-ray emission is usually associated with very high-temperature bodies. Thomas E. Cravens was the first to prop... | [-0.013523791916668415, -0.0015877803089097142, 0.048949286341667175, 0.09050502628087997, 0.08611054718494415, -0.046329982578754425, 0.10075510293245316, 0.099491186439991, 0.04965732619166374, 0.048754800111055374, 0.039698559790849686, 0.007175662089139223, 0.004691127687692642, 0.00010124133405042812, 0.0127183804... | Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co... |
697 | 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko at an early stage of bow shock development when the outgassing increased during the comet 's journey toward the Sun . This young bow shock was called the `` infant bow shock '' .The infant bow shock is asymmetric and, relative to the distance to the nucleus, wider than fully developed bow shoc... | [0.012206987477838993, -0.032034050673246384, 0.05513972043991089, 0.003919538110494614, 0.09379879385232925, -0.021688785403966904, 0.07239239662885666, 0.11952690035104752, 0.030158285051584244, 0.04450174793601036, 0.022421978414058685, -0.042229484766721725, -0.04631196707487106, -0.013816455379128456, -0.002730316... | Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co... |
698 | particles in the coma . Once the particles have been ionized , they attain a net positive electrical charge , which in turn gives rise to an `` induced magnetosphere '' around the comet .The comet and its induced magnetic field form an obstacle to outward flowing solar wind particles. Because the relative orbital speed... | [-0.038967955857515335, 0.004945679102092981, 0.08441004157066345, 0.04381345212459564, 0.019392866641283035, 0.0019133727764710784, 0.05402982607483864, 0.070048026740551, 0.04676298424601555, 0.05304320156574249, -0.00759704876691103, 0.03758515790104866, -0.0019061545608565211, -0.02821100689470768, 0.02638948708772... | Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co... |
699 | frozen carbon dioxide ) can power jets of material flowing out of a comet nucleus . Infrared imaging of Hartley 2 shows such jets exiting and carrying with it dust grains into the coma .Orbital characteristics
Most comets are small Solar System bodies with elongated elliptical orbits that take them close to the Sun for... | [-0.01708390563726425, -0.01436541136354208, -0.0018038565758615732, 0.006711215246468782, 0.02851187251508236, -0.02210203930735588, -0.033425405621528625, 0.07615770399570465, 0.02952738292515278, 0.04476214945316315, 0.0270566213876009, 0.03278790041804314, 0.021558718755841255, -0.11985105276107788, 0.0869554951786... | Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co... |
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