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700 | ( six of which are classified as near-earth objects ( NEOs ) ) , 109 HTCs ( 36 of which are NEOs ) , and 815 JFCs ( 153 of which are NEOs ) .Recently discovered main-belt comets form a distinct class, orbiting in more circular orbits within the asteroid belt. Because their elliptical orbits frequently take them close t... | [0.01643962413072586, -0.01126702781766653, 0.013605411164462566, -0.016240984201431274, 0.08225248008966446, -0.040330663323402405, -0.03969708830118179, 0.09843199700117111, 0.02636544406414032, 0.016757724806666374, -0.04228636249899864, 0.014146587811410427, 0.028172405436635017, -0.09904618561267853, 0.03823389858... | Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co... |
701 | the Sun to form a visible comet . Unlike the return of periodic comets , whose orbits have been established by previous observations , the appearance of new comets by this mechanism is unpredictable .When flung into the orbit of the sun, and being continuously dragged towards it, tons of matter are stripped from the co... | [-0.0008926201262511313, 0.013890516944229603, 0.06307119876146317, 0.029718762263655663, 0.034513212740421295, -0.03627032786607742, -0.046993888914585114, 0.05310070514678955, 0.02000396139919758, 0.03286342695355415, 0.03808210790157318, 0.05121153965592384, 0.04252791777253151, -0.0762028694152832, 0.05588025227189... | Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co... |
702 | are similar to long-period comets because they have parabolic or slightly hyperbolic trajectories when near perihelion in the inner Solar System . However , gravitational perturbations from giant planets cause their orbits to change .Single-apparition comets have a hyperbolic or parabolic osculating orbit which allows ... | [0.025973498821258545, -0.019609427079558372, 0.005038948729634285, -0.02567107044160366, 0.03961946442723274, -0.09579911828041077, -0.055816955864429474, 0.06130978837609291, 0.02149125188589096, 0.07183530926704407, 0.021573133766651154, -0.024952368810772896, 0.007435590028762817, -0.07863838225603104, 0.1045293807... | Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co... |
703 | not expected to return to the inner Solar System include C/1980 E1 , C/2000 U5 , C/2001 Q4 ( NEAT ) , C/2009 R1 , C/1956 R1 , and C/2007 F1 ( LONEOS ) .Some authorities use the term "periodic comet" to refer to any comet with a periodic orbit (that is, all short-period comets plus all long-period comets), whereas other... | [-0.047033049166202545, -0.04925581067800522, 0.02554905414581299, 0.01819603145122528, 0.02194221504032612, -0.04321321099996567, -0.04729611426591873, 0.039128437638282776, 0.06369651108980179, 0.00020316254813224077, 0.05977611988782883, -0.05982844531536102, 0.021069761365652084, -0.08897629380226135, 0.11086404323... | Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co... |
704 | at the middle of the Solar System—the Sun , all the way to outer limits of the Kuiper Belt . The Oort cloud consists of viable materials necessary for the creation of celestial bodies .The Solar System's planets exist only because of the planetesimals (chunks of leftover space that assisted in the creation of planets) ... | [-0.04808669909834862, 0.015507347881793976, 0.032074570655822754, 0.028112351894378662, 0.07737769186496735, -0.10599321871995926, -0.010393772274255753, 0.03681737557053566, 0.12461892515420914, 0.016830315813422203, -0.020233821123838425, -0.05603631213307381, 0.009627072140574455, -0.08363664150238037, 0.0184555128... | Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co... |
705 | A total of 11 such exocomet systems have been identified as of 2013 , using the absorption spectrum caused by the large clouds of gas emitted by comets when passing close to their star .For ten years the Kepler space telescope was responsible for searching for planets and other forms outside of the solar system. The fi... | [-0.03786635771393776, -0.0751940980553627, 0.009783496148884296, 0.05958067253232002, 0.02606855146586895, -0.08775672316551208, -0.033535998314619064, 0.03824387863278389, 0.05302751436829567, 0.05179813131690025, 0.027481580153107643, -0.00947503186762333, 0.009389770217239857, -0.014688626863062382, 0.0214479435235... | Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co... |
706 | intense meteor showers and less dense trails create longer but less intense showers . Typically , the density of the debris trail is related to how long ago the parent comet released the material .The Perseid meteor shower, for example, occurs every year between 9 and 13 August, when Earth passes through the orbit of C... | [-0.03592078015208244, -0.02258020080626011, 0.14769071340560913, 0.006876264698803425, 0.09534794092178345, 0.007197572384029627, 0.024610599502921104, 0.07511544972658157, 0.007240494713187218, 0.01971680112183094, -0.05486585572361946, -0.01740802265703678, -0.01473657600581646, 0.018123595044016838, 0.0438525974750... | Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co... |
707 | quantities of water to Earth 's Moon , some of which may have survived as lunar ice . Comet and meteoroid impacts are thought to be responsible for the existence of tektites and australites .Fear of comets
Fear of comets as acts of God and signs of impending doom was highest in Europe from 1200 to 1650 CE. The year aft... | [-0.05291004478931427, 0.035533357411623, 0.032574184238910675, 0.029969610273838043, 0.08183380961418152, 0.03257682919502258, 0.03149216249585152, 0.158113032579422, -0.0559115894138813, 0.04895760864019394, -0.042447205632925034, -0.05182033032178879, 0.05210055410861969, -0.014734223484992981, -0.0769355446100235, ... | Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co... |
708 | a hyperbola , and as such , they are called hyperbolic comets . Solar comets are only known to be ejected by interacting with another object in the Solar System , such as Jupiter .An example of this is Comet C/1980 E1, which was shifted from an orbit of 7.1 million years around the Sun, to a hyperbolic trajectory, afte... | [-0.008823560550808907, -0.05210759490728378, 0.02263469062745571, -0.00828014500439167, 0.06665245443582535, -0.06086413562297821, -0.0452926866710186, 0.05093693733215332, 0.025221707299351692, 0.04524494335055351, 0.042623121291399, 0.00534415477886796, 0.007481146138161421, -0.03962180018424988, 0.09572144597768784... | Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co... |
709 | System . Other splitting comets include 3D/Biela in 1846 and 73P/Schwassmann–Wachmann from 1995 to 2006 . Greek historian Ephorus reported that a comet split apart as far back as the winter of 372–373 BCE .Comets are suspected of splitting due to thermal stress, internal gas pressure, or impact. Comets 42P/Neujmin and ... | [-0.14745183289051056, -0.04853320121765137, 0.0779285803437233, -0.05251524969935417, 0.04085669293999672, -0.06719627976417542, -0.08308520913124084, 0.13016904890537262, -0.03224029392004013, -0.00028697625384666026, -0.006890654563903809, -0.035480476915836334, -0.007609974127262831, -0.08330758661031723, 0.0812276... | Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co... |
710 | planet occurred in July 1994 when Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 broke up into pieces and collided with Jupiter . Nomenclature The names given to comets have followed several different conventions over the past two centuries .Prior to the early 20th century, most comets were referred to by the year when they appeared, sometime... | [-0.06311403214931488, -0.02959388680756092, 0.06626208126544952, 0.009518137201666832, -0.019523916766047478, -0.044438235461711884, -0.04196905344724655, 0.09165435284376144, -0.04070897400379181, 0.005103007890284061, 0.010587852448225021, 0.0779009461402893, 0.01231361087411642, -0.0494665652513504, 0.0087770456448... | Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co... |
711 | Until the sixteenth century , comets were usually considered bad omens of deaths of kings or noble men , or coming catastrophes , or even interpreted as attacks by heavenly beings against terrestrial inhabitants .Aristotle (384–322 BCE) was the first known scientist to use various theories and observational facts to em... | [0.005232471507042646, 0.030322672799229622, 0.021736515685915947, -0.023947784677147865, -0.0035775862634181976, -0.04948419705033302, 0.011723492294549942, 0.057743970304727554, -0.03764575719833374, 0.07870723307132721, -0.020845787599682808, 0.031312983483076096, 0.03268331661820412, -0.025317847728729248, -0.01314... | Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co... |
712 | point of its orbit . '' While Seneca did not author a substantial theory of his own , his arguments would spark much debate among Aristotle 's critics in the 16th and 17th centuries .In the 1st century CE, Pliny the Elder believed that comets were connected with political unrest and death. Pliny observed comets as "hum... | [-0.07253096997737885, -0.004441993311047554, 0.021356085315346718, -0.02137722074985504, -0.09671363979578018, -0.010815220884978771, 0.013871216215193272, 0.08257270604372025, -0.048957087099552155, 0.05096288025379181, 0.014565322548151016, -0.021990153938531876, 0.021565765142440796, -0.008742958307266235, 0.002871... | Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co... |
713 | despite the presence of modern scientific astronomy beginning to take root . Comets continued to forewarn of disaster , as seen in the Luzerner Schilling chronicles and in the warnings of Pope Callixtus III .In 1578, German Lutheran bishop Andreas Celichius defined comets as "the thick smoke of human sins ... kindled b... | [-0.043723344802856445, 0.01645970717072487, -0.04710766673088074, 0.005912886932492256, -0.01691911369562149, -0.01828518882393837, -0.051875337958335876, 0.14485546946525574, -0.02540292777121067, 0.016031568869948387, -0.03618793934583664, -0.03967207297682762, 0.037932831794023514, -0.05101858079433441, 0.000911927... | Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co... |
714 | of cometary parallax was correct . Additionally , mathematician Jacob Bernoulli published a treatise on comets in 1682 . During the early modern period comets were studied for their astrological significance in medical disciplines .Many healers of this time considered medicine and astronomy to be inter-disciplinary and... | [-0.04697561264038086, -0.011153111234307289, -0.00828617438673973, 0.034985899925231934, -0.04471350461244583, -0.06041278690099716, 0.027882544323801994, 0.12563446164131165, -0.06265845894813538, 0.09774137288331985, -0.02892213687300682, 0.07794589549303055, 0.021881291642785072, -0.036978237330913544, 0.0089880749... | Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co... |
715 | in terms of gravitational perturbation caused by Jupiter and Saturn . Confident that these three apparitions had been three appearances of the same comet , he predicted that it would appear again in 1758–59 .Halley's predicted return date was later refined by a team of three French mathematicians: Alexis Clairaut, Jose... | [-0.09073254466056824, -0.030784690752625465, 0.04873998463153839, 0.07083059102296829, -0.00797567330300808, 0.014976408332586288, -0.005081020761281252, 0.12958396971225739, 0.011930229142308235, 0.03864332661032677, -0.00824219360947609, 0.006355990190058947, 0.03086831420660019, -0.037539899349212646, -0.0783314928... | Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co... |
716 | , observations from this observatory were key in establishing important geodetic , geographic , and astronomical calculations , such as the difference of longitude between Milan and Padua as well as Padua to Fiume .Correspondence within the observatory, particularly between Santini and another astronomer Giuseppe Toald... | [-0.05845357105135918, -0.026582174003124237, 0.006967805791646242, 0.04466453567147255, 0.05839794874191284, -0.07808324694633484, -0.0359642319381237, 0.09788616001605988, 0.017970386892557144, 0.03633826598525047, -0.05610181391239166, -0.027818789705634117, -0.020541712641716003, -0.0010915964376181364, -0.03154429... | Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co... |
717 | observations of Halley 's Comet 1980s perihelion . The Space Shuttle Challenger was intended to do a study of Halley 's Comet in 1986 , but exploded shortly after being launched . Deep Impact .Debate continues about how much ice is in a comet. In 2001, the Deep Space 1 spacecraft obtained high-resolution images of the ... | [-0.09256641566753387, -0.008326282724738121, 0.06744027137756348, 0.028375018388032913, 0.027611427009105682, -0.06033777818083763, 0.0001597268710611388, 0.10221241414546967, -0.011903841979801655, 0.03673522546887398, -0.060899797827005386, -0.023515326902270317, 0.00526789203286171, -0.008056994527578354, 0.0294868... | Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co... |
718 | formation of the Solar System is thought to have redistributed material throughout the proto-planetary disk . As a result , comets contain crystalline grains that formed in the early , hot inner Solar System .This is seen in comet spectra as well as in sample return missions. More recent still, the materials retrieved ... | [-0.07018430531024933, -0.06533588469028473, 0.020150434225797653, 0.011709125712513924, 0.06084506958723068, -0.07340193539857864, 0.02634771354496479, 0.08755993098020554, -0.014988263137638569, 0.08322704583406448, -0.09679678082466125, -0.013479595072567463, 0.00015138910384848714, -0.039155665785074234, 0.03119426... | Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co... |
719 | Comet of 1577 is a well-known example of a great comet . It passed near Earth as a non-periodic comet and was seen by many , including well-known astronomers Tycho Brahe and Taqi ad-Din .Observations of this comet led to several significant findings regarding cometary science, especially for Brahe. The late 20th centur... | [-0.01087215542793274, 0.0006729239830747247, 0.00667648995295167, -0.010172184556722641, 0.04107443988323212, -0.061629753559827805, -0.018673231825232506, 0.09079068154096603, -0.045935846865177155, 0.05451091006398201, 0.012724053114652634, 0.03279683366417885, 0.03209047392010689, -0.04478561133146286, 0.0642239674... | Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co... |
720 | be related to Comet 96P/Machholz , which is the parent of two meteor streams , the Quadrantids and the Arietids . Unusual comets Of the thousands of known comets , some exhibit unusual properties .Comet Encke (2P/Encke) orbits from outside the asteroid belt to just inside the orbit of the planet Mercury whereas the Com... | [-0.042151302099227905, -0.06770607829093933, 0.009029420092701912, -0.03084568865597248, 0.03216131031513214, -0.05768255889415741, -0.05523759499192238, 0.15288400650024414, -0.04296308010816574, 0.04063493013381958, -0.00939610693603754, 0.05565590038895607, -0.010490402579307556, -0.04211582615971565, -0.0225230343... | Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co... |
721 | However , even without access to optical equipment , it is still possible for the amateur astronomer to discover a sungrazing comet online by downloading images accumulated by some satellite observatories such as SOHO .SOHO's 2000th comet was discovered by Polish amateur astronomer Michał Kusiak on 26 December 2010 and... | [-0.10309378802776337, 0.0015435152454301715, -0.004222429357469082, 0.016495754942297935, -0.00991967972368002, -0.023186095058918, -0.06449016183614731, 0.04140067100524902, -0.024189548566937447, 0.03016485646367073, -0.009913344867527485, 0.03237878158688545, 0.04064628854393959, -0.04168650880455971, 0.01416817307... | Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co... |
722 | Chapin Carpenter dedicated the song `` Halley Came to Jackson '' . In times past , bright comets often inspired panic and hysteria in the general population , being thought of as bad omens .More recently, during the passage of Halley's Comet in 1910, Earth passed through the comet's tail, and erroneous newspaper report... | [-0.08624310046434402, 0.005832446273416281, 0.012105963192880154, -0.01113804243505001, 0.04119407758116722, -0.02841636911034584, -0.02821447141468525, 0.11897940933704376, 0.02826835960149765, -0.0055666156113147736, -0.012075109407305717, 0.0036281205248087645, -0.004552408587187529, -0.06628695875406265, 0.0137721... | Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co... |
723 | Princeton University Press . ISBN 978-0-691-01150-9 . Brandt , John C. & Chapman , Robert D. ( 2004 ) . Introduction to Comets ( 2nd ed. ) . Cambridge University Press . ISBN 978-0-521-80863-7 .External links
Comets at NASA's Solar System Exploration
International Comet Quarterly by Harvard University
Catalogue of the ... | [-0.04408181831240654, -0.03272419795393944, 0.05335397273302078, 0.015551719814538956, 0.02115386351943016, -0.022479481995105743, -0.08036413788795471, 0.08773252367973328, -0.08534810692071915, 0.09154064953327179, -0.04485404118895531, 0.05995471403002739, 0.025126753374934196, -0.09244398027658463, -0.000208335230... | Comet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co... |
724 | The Kuiper belt ( ) is a circumstellar disc in the outer Solar System, extending from the orbit of Neptune at 30 astronomical units (AU) to approximately 50 AU from the Sun. It is similar to the asteroid belt, but is far larger—20 times as wide and 20–200 times as massive. Like the asteroid belt, it consists mainly of... | [-0.02035505697131157, -0.0020766835659742355, -0.015229769051074982, -0.04087083414196968, -0.004633926786482334, -0.09504140913486481, -0.019218403846025467, 0.060766711831092834, 0.06015186756849289, 0.018126212060451508, -0.019743621349334717, -0.10360506176948547, -0.0011536316014826298, -0.0426224023103714, -0.00... | Kuiper belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
725 | ( 62 mi ) in diameter are thought to exist . The Kuiper belt was initially thought to be the main repository for periodic comets , those with orbits lasting less than 200 years .Studies since the mid-1990s have shown that the belt is dynamically stable and that comets' true place of origin is the scattered disc, a dyna... | [0.008646002039313316, -0.013031985610723495, 0.028289785608649254, -0.04056491330265999, 0.017395706847310066, -0.11839547008275986, -0.007208887953311205, 0.06757912784814835, 0.057813938707113266, 0.0245058536529541, 0.013817468658089638, -0.037353698164224625, -0.0011909502791240811, -0.023642385378479958, -0.00844... | Kuiper belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
726 | ) . History After the discovery of Pluto in 1930 , many speculated that it might not be alone . The region now called the Kuiper belt was hypothesized in various forms for decades .It was only in 1992 that the first direct evidence for its existence was found. The number and variety of prior speculations on the nature ... | [-0.024335471913218498, -0.028121137991547585, 0.009848421439528465, 0.015526987612247467, -0.0071227094158530235, -0.11745033413171768, -0.04267686977982521, 0.04077470675110817, 0.03819367662072182, 0.00384984421543777, 0.05236504599452019, -0.06180133298039436, -0.021623792126774788, -0.014171493239700794, -0.031495... | Kuiper belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
727 | and that , from time to time , one of their number `` wanders from its own sphere and appears as an occasional visitor to the inner solar system '' , becoming a comet .In 1951, in a paper in Astrophysics: A Topical Symposium, Gerard Kuiper speculated on a similar disc having formed early in the Solar System's evolution... | [-0.08489254117012024, -0.03597172722220421, 0.031449101865291595, 0.003551316913217306, 0.030989479273557663, -0.060782887041568756, -0.0005773580051027238, 0.08066195249557495, 0.07952151447534561, 0.0015026041073724627, -0.008878246881067753, -0.04060559347271919, 0.03898422792553902, -0.05777813121676445, 0.0182063... | Kuiper belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
728 | toward the Oort cloud or out of the Solar System ; there would not be a Kuiper belt today if this were correct . The hypothesis took many other forms in the following decades .In 1962, physicist Alastair G. W. Cameron postulated the existence of "a tremendous mass of small material on the outskirts of the solar system"... | [-0.08511069416999817, -0.01919206976890564, 0.018267890438437462, -4.451339555089362e-05, -0.0007215319201350212, -0.09003429859876633, -0.019857950508594513, 0.06473994255065918, -0.00433229748159647, 0.07227939367294312, 0.018336381763219833, 0.013487367890775204, 0.04888591170310974, -0.023346224799752235, -0.02111... | Kuiper belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
729 | their volatile surfaces to sublimate into space , gradually dispersing them . In order for comets to continue to be visible over the age of the Solar System , they must be replenished frequently .A proposal for such an area of replenishment is the Oort cloud, possibly a spherical swarm of comets extending beyond 50,000... | [-0.025705287232995033, 0.04577433690428734, 0.04650494456291199, 0.04997603967785835, 0.08703267574310303, -0.015867561101913452, -0.017043497413396835, 0.02635876089334488, 0.04142504930496216, 0.04722617194056511, 0.022300928831100464, 0.06076769530773163, 0.0011026556603610516, -0.08860957622528076, 0.0592488348484... | Kuiper belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
730 | could not account for all short-period comets , particularly as short-period comets are clustered near the plane of the Solar System , whereas Oort-cloud comets tend to arrive from any point in the sky .With a "belt", as Fernández described it, added to the formulations, the simulations matched observations. Reportedly... | [-0.03524112328886986, -0.0013310866197571158, -0.0004991765017621219, 0.006157167721539736, 0.030934739857912064, -0.12441109865903854, -0.03739069402217865, 0.07625361531972885, 0.026570698246359825, 0.03685881569981575, 0.03847217187285423, -0.0382150337100029, 0.04232267662882805, -0.06162573769688606, -0.002240198... | Kuiper belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
731 | In 1988 , Jewitt moved to the Institute of Astronomy at the University of Hawaii . Luu later joined him to work at the University of Hawaii 's 2.24 m telescope at Mauna Kea .Eventually, the field of view for CCDs had increased to 1024 by 1024 pixels, which allowed searches to be conducted far more rapidly. Finally, aft... | [-0.023501776158809662, -0.015859656035900116, 0.0007247952744364738, -0.0395936444401741, -0.024161322042346, -0.12295711040496826, -0.09444603323936462, 0.0013565142871811986, 0.017790134996175766, 0.006971465423703194, 0.04063756763935089, -0.09919678419828415, -0.015401862561702728, 0.009774540551006794, -0.0545310... | Kuiper belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
732 | its orbit ( the Kuiper belt proper ) , and a population whose perihelia are close enough that Neptune can still disturb them as it travels around the Sun ( the scattered disc ) .Because the scattered disc is dynamically active and the Kuiper belt relatively dynamically stable, the scattered disc is now seen as the most... | [-0.03352406993508339, -0.028389455750584602, -0.015558877028524876, -0.05919308960437775, -0.05943974480032921, -0.13567404448986053, 0.029356952756643295, 0.0492805615067482, 0.06437814980745316, 0.020527953281998634, 0.04451337084174156, -0.07884430885314941, 0.024999642744660378, -0.0027583318296819925, -0.04812926... | Kuiper belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
733 | a more diffuse distribution of objects extending several times farther . Overall it more resembles a torus or doughnut than a belt . Its mean position is inclined to the ecliptic by 1.86 degrees .The presence of Neptune has a profound effect on the Kuiper belt's structure due to orbital resonances. Over a timescale com... | [0.008195037953555584, -0.02571435645222664, 0.027422774583101273, -0.035505715757608414, -0.017624851316213608, -0.09151315689086914, -0.07143133133649826, 0.041882265359163284, 0.11310477554798126, -0.0008902443805709481, -0.0024132144171744585, -0.05140550062060356, 0.01630818471312523, -0.06921276450157166, 0.04005... | Kuiper belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
734 | . The guidelines established by the IAU demand that classical KBOs be given names of mythological beings associated with creation . The classical Kuiper belt appears to be a composite of two separate populations .The first, known as the "dynamically cold" population, has orbits much like the planets; nearly circular, w... | [0.009191850200295448, -0.06800394505262375, -0.020604969933629036, 0.08152338117361069, -0.04038311541080475, -0.10243647545576096, -0.0029305294156074524, 0.025304879993200302, 0.10910521447658539, 0.026189003139734268, 0.046220991760492325, -0.1108754500746727, 0.01846330799162388, -0.06097210943698883, 0.0312590599... | Kuiper belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
735 | The cold population , on the other hand , has been proposed to have formed more or less in its current position because the loose binaries would be unlikely to survive encounters with Neptune .Although the Nice model appears to be able to at least partially explain a compositional difference, it has also been suggested... | [-0.0009845034219324589, -0.07361222058534622, 0.05330043286085129, 0.010577362962067127, 0.02172216959297657, -0.020443199202418327, -0.06663825362920761, -0.004041540902107954, 0.1299963891506195, 0.018069777637720108, -0.014970417134463787, -0.06361570209264755, 0.09769561141729355, -0.10298801958560944, 0.072133727... | Kuiper belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
736 | ( whose objects complete half an orbit for each of Neptune 's ) corresponds to semi-major axes of ~47.7 AU , and is sparsely populated . Its residents are sometimes referred to as twotinos .Other resonances also exist at 3:4, 3:5, 4:7, and 2:5. Neptune has a number of trojan objects, which occupy its Lagrangian points,... | [0.040487103164196014, -0.04588901996612549, 0.04164217785000801, -0.017881421372294426, 0.021963901817798615, -0.09087562561035156, -0.06425689905881882, 0.027047552168369293, 0.07165323942899704, 0.04573972150683403, -0.04710771515965462, -0.08524060249328613, 0.035740453749895096, -0.08752086013555527, -0.0014580276... | Kuiper belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
737 | two beyond 50 AU , so this sudden drastic falloff , known as the Kuiper cliff , was unexpected , and to date its cause is unknown . Bernstein , Trilling , et al .(2003) found evidence that the rapid decline in objects of 100 km or more in radius beyond 50 AU is real, and not due to observational bias. Possible explanat... | [-0.015680668875575066, 0.019175274297595024, 0.05045851692557335, -0.0013712059007957578, 0.042802490293979645, -0.08019891381263733, -0.12757760286331177, 0.10854877531528473, 0.032808344811201096, 0.05070037022233009, -0.01754613220691681, -0.10519352555274963, -0.028185319155454636, -0.05448871850967407, 0.02853023... | Kuiper belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
738 | from the original protoplanetary disc around the Sun that failed to fully coalesce into planets and instead formed into smaller bodies , the largest less than 3,000 kilometres ( 1,900 mi ) in diameter .Studies of the crater counts on Pluto and Charon revealed a scarcity of small craters suggesting that such objects for... | [0.009790495969355106, -0.005425369832664728, 0.06353180855512619, -0.027821701020002365, 0.02398887649178505, -0.10584888607263565, -0.059024594724178314, 0.08043123781681061, 0.04469889774918556, 0.05484255403280258, -0.03238220885396004, -0.06916956603527069, 0.012126374989748001, -0.057109467685222626, 0.0027736022... | Kuiper belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
739 | outward as far as Neptune 's 1:2 resonance to form a dynamically cold belt of low-inclination objects . Later , after its eccentricity decreased , Neptune 's orbit expanded outward toward its current position .Many planetesimals were captured into and remain in resonances during this migration, others evolved onto high... | [0.025747887790203094, -0.037639666348695755, 0.05491781234741211, 0.0043056127615273, 0.02924172580242157, -0.1104356124997139, -0.04412730410695076, 0.07967456430196762, 0.07228678464889526, 0.03864279389381409, -0.00912882573902607, -0.03806633502244949, 0.08602755516767502, -0.07091865688562393, 0.03513751551508903... | Kuiper belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
740 | . About 400 million years after the formation of the Solar System the resonance chain is broken . Instead of being scattered into the disc , the ice giants first migrate outward several AU .This divergent migration eventually leads to a resonance crossing, destabilizing the orbits of the planets. The extra ice giant en... | [-0.013268171809613705, -0.04331010580062866, 0.022546473890542984, 0.03958636894822121, 0.05565745756030083, -0.06359926611185074, -0.0606067068874836, 0.04616013914346695, 0.04330398142337799, 0.0064885541796684265, 0.0020412777084857225, -0.003957242239266634, 0.057925138622522354, -0.11100151389837265, 0.0384369194... | Kuiper belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
741 | primordial cold belt is preserved . In the later phases of Neptune 's migration , a slow sweeping of mean-motion resonances removes the higher-eccentricity objects from the cold belt , truncating its eccentricity distribution .Composition
Being distant from the Sun and major planets, Kuiper belt objects are thought to ... | [-0.01425866223871708, -0.011117123067378998, 0.05168106034398079, 0.01153320912271738, 0.0430777445435524, -0.06376446783542633, 0.05140664801001549, 7.887673564255238e-05, 0.14179974794387817, 0.022796323522925377, -0.03225414454936981, -0.09616804122924805, -0.003067071782425046, -0.045664556324481964, 0.01199495047... | Kuiper belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
742 | Telescope , by the timing of an occultation when an object passes in front of a star or , most commonly , by using the albedo of an object calculated from its infrared emissions .The masses are determined using the semi-major axes and periods of satellites, which are therefore known only for a few binary objects. The d... | [-0.01037959661334753, -0.027171989902853966, 0.0937483012676239, 0.09538324177265167, 0.05099239572882652, -0.102672278881073, 0.05165065824985504, 0.05248819291591644, 0.06421712040901184, 0.07478886097669601, -0.13070665299892426, -0.07999637722969055, 0.025516493245959282, -0.024109015241265297, 0.01560348179191351... | Kuiper belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
743 | the surface of KBOs , producing products such as tholins . Makemake has been shown to possess a number of hydrocarbons derived from the radiation-processing of methane , including ethane , ethylene and acetylene .Although to date most KBOs still appear spectrally featureless due to their faintness, there have been a nu... | [-0.030191145837306976, -0.03284934535622597, 0.06867900490760803, 0.02261117473244667, 0.08624840527772903, -0.053113240748643875, 0.0655762180685997, 0.024495314806699753, 0.02716243825852871, 0.06664319336414337, -0.05241256579756737, -0.12565650045871735, 0.01739538460969925, -0.06550237536430359, 0.038461603224277... | Kuiper belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
744 | has been detected in several KBOs , including members of the Haumea family such as 1996 TO66 , mid-sized objects such as 38628 Huya and 20000 Varuna , and also on some small objects .The presence of crystalline ice on large and mid-sized objects, including 50000 Quaoar where ammonia hydrate has also been detected, may ... | [-0.008403797633945942, -0.008764329366385937, 0.028611719608306885, 0.050650566816329956, -0.0133003368973732, -0.07725498080253601, -0.005902010481804609, 0.01727016642689705, 0.04027211666107178, 0.058897167444229126, 0.0018938322318717837, -0.171067476272583, -0.0465976782143116, -0.03410106897354126, 0.00651879562... | Kuiper belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
745 | orbits make the encounters quite `` violent '' resulting in destruction rather than accretion . The removal of a large fraction of the mass of the dynamically cold population is thought to be unlikely .Neptune's current influence is too weak to explain such a massive "vacuuming", and the extent of mass loss by collisio... | [-0.0001726229820633307, 0.048492182046175, 0.11367125809192657, 0.031125381588935852, -0.028961868956685066, -0.10545625537633896, -0.026073209941387177, 0.030001325532794, 0.061930932104587555, 0.06767132878303528, -0.03418494760990143, -0.08031408488750458, 0.06683485209941864, -0.07032565027475357, -0.0056976634077... | Kuiper belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
746 | classical objects have differing slopes . The slope for the hot objects is q = 5.3 at large diameters and q = 2.0 at small diameters with the change in slope at 110 km .The slope for the cold objects is q = 8.2 at large diameters and q = 2.9 at small diameters with a change in slope at 140 km. The size distributions of... | [-0.01462520845234394, -0.0078048864379525185, 0.042560331523418427, 0.03282755985856056, 0.010718997567892075, -0.12063463777303696, -0.07766973227262497, 0.10475774109363556, 0.06355670094490051, 0.043524809181690216, -0.009366419166326523, -0.11457598209381104, 0.007701846770942211, 0.00024414999643340707, -0.035256... | Kuiper belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
747 | event by a sub-kilometre-sized Kuiper belt object , estimated to be 530±70 m in radius or 1060±140 m in diameter . From the occultation events detected in 2009 and 2012 , Schlichting et al .determined the Kuiper belt object size distribution slope to be q = 3.6 ± 0.2 or q = 3.8 ± 0.2, with the assumptions of a single p... | [0.03831435739994049, -0.02289719320833683, 0.032602567225694656, -0.02057606168091297, 0.04796837270259857, -0.14470717310905457, -0.004535599611699581, 0.04280306398868561, 0.10113608092069626, 0.03128974884748459, 0.023324858397245407, -0.08673194795846939, -0.029338449239730835, -0.0037727479357272387, 0.0339536070... | Kuiper belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
748 | all trans-Neptunian objects , a KBO is any object that orbits exclusively within the defined Kuiper belt region regardless of origin or composition . Objects found outside the belt are classed as scattered objects .In some scientific circles the term "Kuiper belt object" has become synonymous with any icy minor planet ... | [0.031186411157250404, -0.06030488386750221, 0.01959344558417797, -0.012462870217859745, 0.03494749590754509, -0.15242138504981995, 0.004012551158666611, 0.029708025977015495, 0.06780751794576645, 0.02574795112013817, 0.008983150124549866, -0.09149925410747528, -0.0226147398352623, -0.010490425862371922, 0.004496268928... | Kuiper belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
749 | requires some mechanism to slow down the object enough to be caught by the larger object 's gravity . A possible explanation is that Triton was part of a binary when it encountered Neptune .(Many KBOs are members of binaries. See below.) Ejection of the other member of the binary by Neptune could then explain Triton's ... | [-0.040068451315164566, -0.036292459815740585, -0.007857387885451317, -0.03967926278710365, 0.027836063876748085, -0.06151551380753517, 0.020942887291312218, 0.061356279999017715, -0.04044574126601219, 0.08959433436393738, 0.0376662015914917, -0.12022389471530914, -0.0243681687861681, -0.01735844835639, -0.004361430183... | Kuiper belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
750 | and on the largest KBOs ) . Thus , just as Ceres was considered a planet before the discovery of its fellow asteroids , some began to suggest that Pluto might also be reclassified .The issue was brought to a head by the discovery of Eris, an object in the scattered disc far beyond the Kuiper belt, that is now known to ... | [0.03545808047056198, -0.07080098241567612, 0.009137517772614956, -0.023792926222085953, 0.02577357552945614, -0.10144442319869995, -0.0005701083573512733, 0.014062692411243916, 0.08083200454711914, 0.09411624819040298, 0.019336605444550514, -0.07235854119062424, -0.013859339989721775, -0.058815281838178635, 0.01433058... | Kuiper belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
751 | a different formation mechanism was responsible . There are also a high number of binaries ( two objects close enough in mass to be orbiting `` each other '' ) in the Kuiper belt .The most notable example is the Pluto–Charon binary, but it is estimated that around 11% of KBOs exist in binaries. Exploration
On 19 Januar... | [0.02213318832218647, -0.06002131476998329, -0.008064561523497105, -0.00775432912632823, 0.057826872915029526, -0.0816441997885704, -0.013846399262547493, 0.05269884318113327, 0.02537311427295208, 0.055456724017858505, 0.013270050287246704, -0.04745374619960785, -0.014836015179753304, -0.02873573824763298, 0.0215610899... | Kuiper belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
752 | , 2014 OS393 ( PT2 ) , and 2014 PN70 ( PT3 ) . By the fall of 2014 , a possible fourth target , 2014 MT69 , had been eliminated by follow-up observations .PT2 was out of the running before the Pluto flyby. On 26 August 2015, the first target, 2014 MU69 (nicknamed "Ultima Thule" and later named 486958 Arrokoth), was cho... | [-0.056556135416030884, -0.09974498301744461, 0.013273188844323158, -0.021923966705799103, 0.10938379913568497, -0.09054818004369736, -0.04731413722038269, 0.020600544288754463, -0.05467406287789345, 0.014685851521790028, 0.04212847724556923, 0.01479433011263609, -0.11304660886526108, -0.06746173650026321, -0.011740027... | Kuiper belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
753 | as Haumea 's ring and two moons . The lead author , Joel Poncy , has advocated for new technology that would allow spacecraft to reach and orbit KBOs in 10–20 years or less .New Horizons Principal Investigator Alan Stern has informally suggested missions that would flyby the planets Uranus or Neptune before visiting ne... | [-0.0682985782623291, -0.049961529672145844, -0.07053110748529434, -0.014121590182185173, -0.020842356607317924, -0.05359681695699692, -0.0010160583769902587, 0.029491879045963287, -0.04416920617222786, 0.07658012956380844, -0.01023381669074297, -0.08042041957378387, -0.06292352825403214, -0.061233121901750565, 0.00094... | Kuiper belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
754 | ) with radii of between 20 and 30 AU and relatively sharp boundaries . Beyond this , 15–20 % of solar-type stars have an observed infrared excess that is suggestive of massive Kuiper-belt-like structures .Most known debris discs around other stars are fairly young, but the two images on the right, taken by the Hubble S... | [-0.020934132859110832, 0.0014293130952864885, -0.005452237091958523, -0.030795026570558548, 0.02746158465743065, -0.1414915770292282, -0.02297828532755375, 0.07893190532922745, 0.03744223341345787, -0.0016964614624157548, 0.021764159202575684, -0.03878294304013252, -0.0024070802610367537, -0.030385978519916534, 0.0075... | Kuiper belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
755 | The heliosphere is the magnetosphere, astrosphere, and outermost atmospheric layer of the Sun. It takes the shape of a vast, tailed bubble-like region of space. In plasma physics terms, it is the cavity formed by the Sun in the surrounding interstellar medium. The "bubble" of the heliosphere is continuously "inflated"... | [-0.0294552743434906, 0.017825985327363014, -0.010111662559211254, 0.023825008422136307, -0.026429127901792526, -0.03951208293437958, 0.04984657093882561, 0.029781734570860863, 0.015069711022078991, -0.03529983386397362, -0.022873086854815483, -0.021623868495225906, 0.021598966792225838, -0.038415372371673584, 0.024885... | Heliosphere | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
756 | the heliosheath . Voyager 1 encountered the heliopause on 25 August 2012 , when the spacecraft measured a sudden forty-fold increase in plasma density . Voyager 2 traversed the heliopause on 5 November 2018 .Because the heliopause marks the boundary between matter originating from the Sun and matter originating from th... | [-0.014529500156641006, 0.005873297806829214, 0.08494902402162552, 0.031517304480075836, 0.03133591264486313, 0.003620837815105915, 0.00571654736995697, 0.043956976383924484, -0.00930972583591938, 0.010158090852200985, -0.05386706441640854, -0.048443373292684555, 0.0040671187452971935, -0.021665560081601143, 0.04031339... | Heliosphere | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
757 | of solar wind activity , is thought to be significant . On a broader scale , the motion of the heliosphere through the fluid medium of the ISM results in an overall comet-like shape .The solar wind plasma which is moving roughly "upstream" (in the same direction as the Sun's motion through the galaxy) is compressed int... | [-0.0158554594963789, 0.049887437373399734, 0.02383633702993393, 0.030927428975701332, 0.0358339361846447, -0.03081221878528595, 0.0029510133899748325, 0.03165057674050331, 0.08749286830425262, 0.0027585900388658047, -0.03405154496431351, 0.006580464541912079, -0.05803787708282471, -0.06632208824157715, 0.0399296917021... | Heliosphere | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
758 | is said to resemble a `` ballerina 's skirt '' . Edge structure The outer structure of the heliosphere is determined by the interactions between the solar wind and the winds of interstellar space .The solar wind streams away from the Sun in all directions at speeds of several hundred km/s in the Earth's vicinity. At so... | [-0.020979920402169228, -0.024550747126340866, 0.03387543559074402, -0.011395983397960663, 0.04274551197886467, -0.01869104988873005, -0.0013531306758522987, 0.028599627315998077, 0.019452206790447235, -0.05615609511733055, -0.011785394512116909, -0.038184162229299545, -0.023420322686433792, -0.07603256404399872, 0.040... | Heliosphere | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
759 | wind slows down to subsonic speed ( relative to the Sun ) because of interactions with the local interstellar medium . This causes compression , heating , and a change in the magnetic field .In the Solar System, the termination shock is believed to be 75 to 90 astronomical units from the Sun. In 2004, Voyager 1 crossed... | [-0.022243058308959007, 0.0019426336511969566, 0.14653050899505615, 0.032009247690439224, 0.07519777119159698, -0.003717925865203142, -0.0548362135887146, 0.05623265355825424, 0.008189289830625057, -0.027695277705788612, 0.01898317225277424, -0.026725873351097107, -0.01905791088938713, -0.0794605016708374, 0.0440720543... | Heliosphere | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
760 | water spreads out at a speed that is higher than the local wave speed , forming a disk of shallow , rapidly diverging flow ( analogous to the tenuous , supersonic solar wind ) .Around the periphery of the disk, a shock front or wall of water forms; outside the shock front, the water moves slower than the local wave spe... | [0.022650906816124916, -0.0016420762985944748, 0.0922519788146019, -0.001947486074641347, 0.05171436816453934, -0.030922003090381622, -0.05788847804069519, 0.048437390476465225, -0.011736049316823483, -0.020029554143548012, -0.056144438683986664, -0.028903307393193245, -0.023361168801784515, -0.04144706204533577, -0.00... | Heliosphere | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
761 | These magnetic bubbles are created by the impact of the solar wind and the interstellar medium . Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 began detecting evidence of the bubbles in 2007 and 2008 , respectively .The probably sausage-shaped bubbles are formed by magnetic reconnection between oppositely oriented sectors of the solar magne... | [-0.04204757511615753, -0.017755331471562386, 0.04021892324090004, 0.031661778688430786, 0.01600748486816883, -0.012491484172642231, -0.02140606753528118, -0.007127781864255667, -0.05948265641927719, -0.0893646851181984, -0.06561341881752014, 0.018713222816586494, 0.005725450813770294, -0.073122039437294, 0.05135566368... | Heliosphere | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
762 | early September 2012 , Voyager 1 witnessed a sharp drop in protons from the Sun , from 25 particles per second in late August , to about 2 particles per second by early October .In September 2013, NASA announced that Voyager 1 had crossed the heliopause as of 25 August 2012. This was at a distance of 121 AU (1.81×1010 ... | [0.0165136456489563, 0.0022909855470061302, 0.024478837847709656, 0.021625513210892677, 0.0005366934929043055, 0.0007290269713848829, -0.03953476995229721, 0.062062788754701614, -0.03285408765077591, -0.0299663208425045, -0.010454430244863033, -0.03176766633987427, 0.0020180856809020042, -0.03623685613274574, 0.0332703... | Heliosphere | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
763 | optical instruments . IBEX made the first observations of the heliotail by measuring the energy of `` energetic neutral atoms '' , neutral particles created by collisions in the Solar System 's boundary zone .The tail has been shown to contain fast and slow particles; the slow particles are on the side and the fast par... | [0.006802182644605637, -0.03552080690860748, 0.001727030030451715, 0.04697618633508682, 0.044485222548246384, -0.04273594543337822, 0.06865577399730682, 0.03960932046175003, 0.056409746408462524, -0.03185434639453888, -0.017880383878946304, -0.03695651888847351, -0.07036015391349792, -0.02029532380402088, 0.00608753040... | Heliosphere | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
764 | , and a large increase in galactic cosmic rays . The flow of the interstellar medium ( ISM ) into the heliosphere has been measured by at least 11 different spacecraft as of 2013 .By 2013, it was suspected that the direction of the flow had changed over time. The flow, coming from Earth's perspective from the constella... | [-0.03749612718820572, -0.037115879356861115, -0.02667892538011074, 0.047099288552999496, 0.04849957302212715, -0.04708198085427284, -0.06640156358480453, 0.07235144823789597, -0.026849791407585144, -0.08047471195459366, -0.03829256072640419, -0.05654536560177803, -0.0173585657030344, -0.02296111360192299, 0.0280988775... | Heliosphere | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
765 | hydrogen is detected by extra ultraviolet light ( which may come from another source ) , the detection by New Horizons corroborates the earlier detections by Voyager at a much higher level of sensitivity .Bow shock
It was long hypothesized that the Sun produces a "shock wave" in its travels within the interstellar medi... | [-0.017326291650533676, -0.05396648496389389, 0.0931573435664177, 0.09525814652442932, 0.09849909693002701, -0.04646064341068268, 0.022827239707112312, 0.04137060046195984, 0.037303727120161057, -0.05847904831171036, -0.01313553936779499, -0.04854584112763405, -0.05160786211490631, -0.0251017939299345, -0.0364308319985... | Heliosphere | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
766 | 11 has been lost . Cassini results Rather than a comet-like shape , the heliosphere appears to be bubble-shaped according to data from Cassini 's Ion and Neutral Camera ( MIMI / INCA ) .Rather than being dominated by the collisions between the solar wind and the interstellar medium, the INCA (ENA) maps suggest that the... | [-0.06751815974712372, -0.07805807888507843, 0.030414046719670296, 0.057808373123407364, -0.020761102437973022, -0.06956040859222412, 0.028892140835523605, 0.04743899405002594, -0.0065113031305372715, 0.0026987900491803885, -0.02224886417388916, -0.03943397104740143, -0.09154108166694641, 0.01654963009059429, -0.012845... | Heliosphere | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
767 | a total eclipse the high-temperature corona can be more readily observed from Earth solar observatories . During the Apollo program the Solar wind was measured on the Moon via the Solar Wind Composition Experiment .Some examples of Earth surface based Solar observatories include the McMath–Pierce solar telescope or the... | [0.0148245170712471, -0.004697432741522789, 0.028423713520169258, 0.009669692255556583, 0.07095802575349808, -0.022796306759119034, -0.04152197390794754, 0.036531541496515274, -0.04937201738357544, 0.04598498344421387, -0.02428760752081871, -0.035847846418619156, -0.05531982704997063, -0.03207869082689285, 0.0546122863... | Heliosphere | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
768 | called the termination shock ; the solar wind continues to slow as it passes through the heliosheath leading to a boundary called the heliopause , where the interstellar medium and solar wind pressures balance .The termination shock was traversed by Voyager 1 in 2004, and Voyager 2 in 2007. It was thought that beyond t... | [-0.0004482881922740489, 0.01975940726697445, 0.08022363483905792, 0.05841141566634178, 0.04063685983419418, -0.02790144830942154, -0.030007118359208107, 0.03949959576129913, -0.054765064269304276, -0.057127874344587326, -0.03584425151348114, 0.0011242475593462586, -0.039449453353881836, -0.037033215165138245, 0.036149... | Heliosphere | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
769 | over the next 35 years or so the mission would be the first out , laying out many firsts of discoveries about the nature of heliosphere as well as Jupiter 's impact on it .Pioneer 10 was the first spacecraft to detect sodium and aluminum ions in the solar wind, as well as helium in the inner Solar System. In November 1... | [-0.02916409634053707, 0.029606517404317856, 0.0663478672504425, -0.002880767220631242, 0.08798010647296906, -0.02639300934970379, -0.055355023592710495, 0.06438783556222916, -0.07449278235435486, 0.043369412422180176, -0.00437550013884902, 0.02174435555934906, 0.049613818526268005, -0.024988826364278793, 0.04312449693... | Heliosphere | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
770 | In 2012 Voyager 1 is thought to have passed through heliopause , and Voyager 2 did the same in 2018 . The twin Voyagers are the only man-made objects to have entered interstellar space .However, while they have left the heliosphere, they have not yet left the boundary of the Solar System which is considered to be the o... | [-0.07822901010513306, -0.052778296172618866, 0.07932806760072708, 0.05783962085843086, 0.049093570560216904, -0.04931788891553879, -0.05566570162773132, 0.00441838288679719, -0.0009449645294807851, -0.007181025110185146, -0.021611902862787247, -0.03677672892808914, 0.0033615310676395893, -0.040519680827856064, 0.02484... | Heliosphere | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
771 | . 2005 : SOHO observations of the solar wind show that the shape of the heliosphere is not axisymmetrical , but distorted , very likely under the effect of the local galactic magnetic field .2009: IBEX project scientists discover and map a ribbon-shaped region of intense energetic neutral atom emission. These neutral a... | [0.015403571538627148, -0.04248657450079918, 0.023479577153921127, 0.058365195989608765, 0.009080006740987301, -0.012443531304597855, -0.036545995622873306, 0.04570594057440758, -0.006956093013286591, -0.04097869619727135, -0.005216628313064575, -0.019273199141025543, -0.031211400404572487, 0.032710298895835876, 0.0591... | Heliosphere | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
772 | . doi:10.1029/2011EO360001 . ISSN 0096-3941 . Gough , Evan ( 7 August 2020 ) . `` This is What the Solar System Really Looks Like '' . Universe Today . Retrieved 8 September 2024 .External links
Voyager Interstellar Mission Objectives
NASA GALEX (Galaxy evolution Explorer) homepage at Caltech
A Big Surprise from the E... | [-0.12445040792226791, 0.025016291067004204, 0.03487447276711464, 0.01706799305975437, 0.02397279627621174, -0.06413977593183517, -0.049683380872011185, 0.010233567096292973, -0.008675288408994675, 0.018160702660679817, 0.015115896239876747, -0.026488181203603745, -0.0017344318330287933, -0.05134281888604164, 0.0212724... | Heliosphere | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere.https://en.wikipedia.org/w... |
773 | The Oort cloud (pronounced ORT or OORT), sometimes called the Öpik–Oort cloud, is theorized to be a cloud of billions of icy planetesimals surrounding the Sun at distances ranging from 2,000 to 200,000 AU (0.03 to 3.2 light-years). The cloud was proposed in 1950 by the Dutch astronomer Jan Oort, in whose honor the i... | [-0.021632857620716095, 0.04110822454094887, 0.05569974705576897, 0.052160028368234634, 0.06850577145814896, -0.09014976024627686, 0.018779905512928963, 0.03409462422132492, 0.11882065236568451, -0.03828081116080284, -0.02919803000986576, 0.023707402870059013, -0.020044226199388504, -0.1085294783115387, -0.003428291529... | Oort cloud | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oor... |
774 | galactic gravitational torquing . By the same token , galactic interference in the motion of Oort bodies occasionally dislodges comets from their orbits within the cloud , sending them into the inner Solar System .Based on their orbits, most but not all of the short-period comets appear to have come from the Oort disc.... | [-0.052813753485679626, 0.010554173961281776, 0.06924226880073547, 0.04383249953389168, 0.0978093072772026, -0.05196623131632805, -0.004698336124420166, 0.055195316672325134, 0.0943446159362793, 0.025061363354325294, 0.018073469400405884, 0.048314228653907776, -0.021016927435994148, -0.11314921081066132, 0.007330760825... | Oort cloud | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oor... |
775 | below the ecliptic plane . In 1907 , Armin Otto Leuschner showed that comet trajectories were related to observation time : Short times implied assumed parabolic trajectories , and longer times implied elliptical orbits .Leuschner conjectured that better statistics would show that comets had elliptical orbits and were ... | [-0.06812608242034912, 0.07318111509084702, 0.045991986989974976, 0.04419342800974846, 0.069858118891716, -0.03436186909675598, -0.034067969769239426, 0.09101071208715439, 0.07732009142637253, 0.003610600484535098, -0.016529908403754234, 0.06741100549697876, -0.02708244137465954, -0.10412313789129257, 0.000798597699031... | Oort cloud | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oor... |
776 | a curious concentration of long-period comets whose farthest retreat from the Sun ( their aphelia ) cluster around 20,000 AU . This suggested a reservoir at that distance with a spherical , isotropic distribution .He also proposed that the relatively rare comets with orbits of about 10,000 AU probably went through one ... | [-0.0011575560783967376, 0.013736526481807232, 0.010092289187014103, 0.03923926129937172, 0.053721558302640915, -0.06992744654417038, 0.0009104794007726014, 0.030761394649744034, 0.100953608751297, 0.039749789983034134, -0.02383100986480713, -0.0035629048943519592, 0.018724912777543068, -0.07729703933000565, 0.03074214... | Oort cloud | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oor... |
777 | comets inside the orbit of Neptune . This process ought to have depleted the sparser , outer cloud and yet long-period comets with orbits well above or below the ecliptic continue to be observed .The Hills cloud is thought to be a secondary reservoir of cometary nuclei and the source of replenishment for the tenuous ou... | [-0.022721385583281517, -0.005288382992148399, 0.06668780744075775, 0.02692604623734951, 0.08570779114961624, -0.08303198963403702, -0.020898081362247467, 0.07640639692544937, 0.03396192565560341, 0.06604818999767303, -0.0510144978761673, -0.04909566417336464, 0.051318585872650146, -0.08971211314201355, 0.0217791590839... | Oort cloud | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oor... |
778 | appearance was consistent with a D-type asteroid in an orbit typical of a long-period comet , prompted theoretical research that suggests that the Oort cloud population consists of roughly one to two percent asteroids .Analysis of the carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in both the long-period and Jupiter-family comets ... | [-0.03218361735343933, 0.020232681185007095, 0.06209839507937431, 0.01776316575706005, 0.12457751482725143, -0.057239972054958344, -0.013132184743881226, 0.06812793761491776, 0.06536480784416199, 0.03906089812517166, -0.04142868146300316, 0.0068936836905777454, -0.014359154738485813, -0.10622113198041916, 0.02310102805... | Oort cloud | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oor... |
779 | Models by Julio Ángel Fernández suggest that the scattered disc , which is the main source for periodic comets in the Solar System , might also be the primary source for Oort cloud objects .According to the models, about half of the objects scattered travel outward toward the Oort cloud, whereas a quarter are shifted i... | [0.0047111245803534985, -0.019120151177048683, 0.08260094374418259, 0.03911925107240677, 0.11344177275896072, -0.08759406208992004, -0.022377079352736473, 0.06291306018829346, 0.08804173022508621, 0.03083067573606968, -0.01869785226881504, 0.012907635420560837, 0.02858930453658104, -0.09021225571632385, 0.0266822297126... | Oort cloud | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oor... |
780 | early stars likely played a role in the cloud 's formation , since the number of close stellar passages within the cluster was much higher than today , leading to far more frequent perturbations .In June 2010 Harold F. Levison and others suggested on the basis of enhanced computer simulations that the Sun "captured com... | [-0.06412145495414734, 0.009865145199000835, 0.04372687637805939, 0.02392539009451866, 0.11135685443878174, -0.0558633916079998, 0.0265362411737442, 0.04080304503440857, 0.039550844579935074, 0.0419541597366333, -0.007831943221390247, 0.02432357519865036, 0.037392761558294296, -0.08929247409105301, 0.03445567935705185,... | Oort cloud | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oor... |
781 | ( Siding Spring ) , C/2017 K2 , and C/2017 T2 ( PANSTARRS ) . The orbits within the Kuiper belt are relatively stable , so very few comets are thought to originate there .The scattered disc, however, is dynamically active and is far more likely to be the place of origin for comets. Comets pass from the scattered disc i... | [-0.035419728606939316, -0.036793388426303864, 0.05692940950393677, -0.04727436974644661, 0.022673552855849266, -0.05115406960248947, -0.07474341988563538, 0.05925370380282402, 0.025644691661000252, 0.003961649257689714, 0.018985604867339134, -0.0710347518324852, 0.0053923362866044044, -0.09644929319620132, 0.063293918... | Oort cloud | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oor... |
782 | of a non-volatile crust on the surface . Dynamical studies of hypothetical Oort cloud comets have estimated that their occurrence in the outer-planet region would be several times higher than in the inner-planet region .This discrepancy may be due to the gravitational attraction of Jupiter, which acts as a kind of barr... | [-0.05687537416815758, -0.009811566211283207, 0.05634809657931328, -0.00015581765910610557, 0.06133885681629181, -0.08704572170972824, -0.07098890095949173, 0.042181894183158875, 0.054035160690546036, -0.029388880357146263, 0.03207923471927643, 0.03302787244319916, -0.011857341043651104, -0.11111769080162048, -0.011872... | Oort cloud | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oor... |
783 | orbits in the Oort cloud to bring objects close to the Sun . The point at which the Sun 's gravity concedes its influence to the galactic tide is called the tidal truncation radius .It lies at a radius of 100,000 to 200,000 AU, and marks the outer boundary of the Oort cloud. Some scholars theorize that the galactic tid... | [-0.0323786698281765, 0.016559533774852753, 0.06803642213344574, -0.011412150226533413, 0.025220390409231186, -0.019380060955882072, -0.03307385742664337, 0.04349910467863083, 0.07424236834049225, 0.005831715650856495, -0.014228302985429764, -0.00831798929721117, 0.04898951202630997, -0.0871371254324913, 0.049909308552... | Oort cloud | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oor... |
784 | star with the greatest possibility of perturbing the Oort cloud is Gliese 710 . This process could also scatter Oort cloud objects out of the ecliptic plane , potentially also explaining its spherical distribution .In 1984, physicist Richard A. Muller postulated that the Sun has an as-yet undetected companion, either a... | [-0.04707629233598709, 0.03963800147175789, 0.09016451239585876, 0.06879039853811264, 0.06564056873321533, -0.029539495706558228, -0.008552833460271358, 0.042317379266023636, 0.08574923127889633, 0.022826123982667923, -0.05553337186574936, 0.02926415205001831, 0.037290047854185104, -0.08756997436285019, 0.0115925464779... | Oort cloud | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oor... |
785 | defined it . Future exploration Voyager 1 , Earth 's most distant spacecraft , will not reach the Oort cloud for about 300 years and would take about 30,000 years to pass through it .In the 1980s, there was a concept for a probe that could reach 1,000 AU in 50 years, called TAU; among its missions would be to look for ... | [-0.005180856678634882, -0.027213867753744125, 0.013066696934401989, 0.028127238154411316, 0.06893301755189896, -0.10294719785451889, -0.031332679092884064, 0.01536549348384142, 0.05215626582503319, 0.01853427104651928, -0.026600969955325127, -0.007489255629479885, -0.003390643512830138, -0.023899419233202934, -0.04612... | Oort cloud | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oor... |
786 | Letters . 533 ( 1 ) : L43 – L47 . arXiv:2305.00999. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slad107 . Fouchard , M. ; Rickman , H. ; Froeschlé , C. ; Valsecchi , G. B . ( 2023 ) ."What long-period comets tell us about the Oort Cloud". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 671: A36. Bibcode:2023A&A...676A.104F. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243728. Hands, T... | [-0.06694883853197098, 0.014594939537346363, 0.06213924661278725, 0.048896294087171555, 0.07824140042066574, -0.04293001443147659, -0.020072242245078087, 0.016949420794844627, 0.01612403243780136, 0.0472024641931057, -0.023066680878400803, 0.031017068773508072, -0.003785426262766123, -0.1027463749051094, 0.019260616973... | Oort cloud | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oor... |
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