import os import json import time import pandas as pd import numpy as np import requests import ete3 import re import rdkit from tqdm import tqdm from rdkit import Chem from rdkit.Chem import AllChem from rdkit import DataStructs from rdkit.Chem import rdChemReactions from joblib import delayed, Parallel from rdkit.Chem import Descriptors from rdkit import RDLogger RDLogger.DisableLog('rdApp.*') import requests import sys import argparse def parse_args(): parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument("--rawdata_dir", help="raw data directory", type=str, required=True) parser.add_argument("--processed_dir", help="processed dir to save", type=str, required=True) parser.add_argument("--out_file_name", help="name for out file", type=str, required=True) args, unparsed = parser.parse_known_args() parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() return args args = parse_args() PARAMETERS_OF_INTEREST = ['km_value','kcat_km','ki_value','ic50','turnover_number'] EC_WORD_NAMES = ["ec1", "ec2", "ec3", "ec"] TAX_WORD_NAMES = [ "superkingdom", "phylum", "class", "order", "family", "genus", "species"] INCLUDE_OTHERS_AS_WILDTYPE = True N_PROCS = 30 DATA_DIR = args.rawdata_dir out_path = args.processed_dir + '/'+ args.out_file_name # Load BRENDA raw data # Downloaded from https://www.brenda-enzymes.org/download.php data = json.load(open(f'{DATA_DIR}/brenda_2022_2.json'))['data'] ## Ligand data # Go to https://www.brenda-enzymes.org/search_result.php?a=13 and place a blank query to get all ligands and their InChi strings # Downloaded and pre-processed this along with missing metabolites using PubChem id-exchange service # https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/idexchange/idexchange.cgi metabolite_inchi_smiles_dic = pd.read_csv(f'{DATA_DIR}/metabolite_inchi_smiles_brenda_pubchem.tsv',sep='\t', index_col='metabolite') # Create an empty dataframe and columns df = pd.DataFrame() # storing ec numbers eccol = [] # storing organism names orgcol = [] # storing parameter type (like turnover_number, km_value etc.) paramcol = [] # storing parameter values (like km,ki etc.) valcol = [] # storing reactions (reactants, products) rxncol = [] # storing substrates subcol = [] # storing if the substrate is from a natural reaction or not natural_substrate_col = [] # storing uniprots wherever available unicol = [] # storing comment strings commentcol = [] # storing ph optimum & temperature optimum phopt_col = [] topt_col = [] # all all_metabolite_names = set() all_natural_metabolite_names = set() #metals and ions list metals_ions_list = set() for ec in tqdm(data): if not ('proteins' in data[ec] or 'organisms' in data[ec]): # this means we cannot featurize entries from this ec, so skip it continue # not all entries for an ec number have all params # see which among the parameters of interest are present params_present = [] for parameter_data in PARAMETERS_OF_INTEREST: if parameter_data in data[ec]: params_present.append(parameter_data) # for mapping organisms if 'organisms' in data[ec]: orgs_ec = data[ec]['organisms'] else: orgs_ec = {} if 'proteins' in data[ec]: orgs_protein = data[ec]['proteins'] else: orgs_protein = orgs_ec metals_ions_now = set() if 'metals_ions' in data[ec]: for metalion_dict in data[ec]['metals_ions']: metals_ions_now.add(metalion_dict['value']) metals_ions_list = metals_ions_list.union(metals_ions_now) cofactors_now = set() if 'cofactor' in data[ec]: for cof_dict in data[ec]['cofactor']: cofactors_now.add(cof_dict['value']) # for mapping optimum temperatures by organism topt_by_org = {} if 'temperature_optimum' in data[ec]: topt_data = data[ec]['temperature_optimum'] for each in topt_data: if 'organisms' in each: org_topt = each['organisms'][0] if 'num_value' in each: topt_val = each['num_value'] elif 'min_value' in each and 'max_value' in each: topt_val = (each['min_value'] + each['max_value'])/2.0 else: topt_val = None continue if org_topt in topt_by_org: topt_by_org[org_topt].append(topt_val) else: topt_by_org[org_topt] = [topt_val] # for mapping optimum ph by organism ph_by_org = {} if 'ph_optimum' in data[ec]: ph_data = data[ec]['ph_optimum'] for each in ph_data: if 'organisms' in each: org_ph = each['organisms'][0] if 'num_value' in each: ph_val = each['num_value'] elif 'min_value' in each and 'max_value' in each: ph_val = (each['min_value'] + each['max_value'])/2.0 else: ph_val = None continue if org_ph in ph_by_org: ph_by_org[org_ph].append(ph_val) else: ph_by_org[org_ph] = [ph_val] # collect all the reactions of this EC grouped by substrates sub_to_reactions = {} def _reaction_string(reacs,prods): return f'{" + ".join(reacs)} >> {" + ".join(prods)}' if 'reaction' in data[ec]: for rxn in data[ec]['reaction']: try: reacs = rxn['educts'] prods = rxn['products'] except KeyError: reacs = [] prods = [] each_rxn_str = _reaction_string(reacs,prods) for each in reacs: if each in sub_to_reactions: sub_to_reactions[each].add(each_rxn_str) else: sub_to_reactions[each] = set([each_rxn_str]) # collect any reactant or product from natural_reaction (s) as natural_substrates natural_substrates = [] if 'natural_reaction' in data[ec]: for rxn in data[ec]['natural_reaction']: found = False try: reacs = rxn['educts'] prods = rxn['products'] except KeyError: reacs = [] prods = [] each_rxn_str = _reaction_string(reacs,prods) natural_substrates.extend(reacs) natural_substrates.extend(prods) for natural_met in reacs+prods: all_natural_metabolite_names.add(natural_met) for each in reacs: if each in sub_to_reactions: sub_to_reactions[each].add(each_rxn_str) else: sub_to_reactions[each] = set([each_rxn_str]) # now collect parameters for parameter_data in params_present: for entry in data[ec][parameter_data]: if 'num_value' in entry and 'value' in entry and 'organisms' in entry: val = entry['num_value'] if 'organisms' in entry: org_now = entry['organisms'] prot_now = org_now elif 'proteins' in entry: prot_now = entry['proteins'] subname = entry['value'] if parameter_data=='turnover_number' and (subname in cofactors_now or subname in metals_ions_now): continue if not pd.isna(val) and not pd.isna(subname): try: val = float(val) except ValueError: continue # get orgname if present, skip entry otherwise try: orgname = data[ec]['organisms'][org_now[0]]['value'] except KeyError: continue # get uniprot accessions , organism names unis = [] orgnames = [] for org in prot_now: if org in orgs_protein: for each in orgs_protein[org]: if 'accessions' in each: unis.append(each['accessions']) else: unis.append(None) for org in org_now: if org in orgs_ec: if 'value' in orgs_ec[org]: orgnames.append(orgs_ec[org]['value']) else: orgnames.append(None) orgcol.append(orgnames[0]) if org_now[0] in ph_by_org: phopt_col.append(ph_by_org[org_now[0]]) else: phopt_col.append([]) if org_now[0] in topt_by_org: topt_col.append(topt_by_org[org_now[0]]) else: topt_col.append([]) unis_ = [] for u in unis: if u is None: continue unis_.append(u) if not unis_: unis_ = None unicol.append(unis_) valcol.append(val) paramcol.append(parameter_data) subcol.append(subname) all_metabolite_names.add(subname) if subname in natural_substrates: natural_substrate_col.append(True) else: natural_substrate_col.append(False) eccol.append(ec) rxncol.append(sub_to_reactions) # natrxncol.append(natural_reactions) if 'comment' in entry: commentcol.append(entry['comment']) else: commentcol.append('') df['value'] = valcol df['parameter'] = paramcol df['substrate'] = subcol df['natural_substrate'] = natural_substrate_col df['organism'] = orgcol df['ph_opt'] = phopt_col df['temp_opt'] = topt_col df['comment'] = commentcol df['uniprot'] = unicol df['ec'] = eccol df['reactions'] = rxncol import ipdb ipdb.set_trace() f = open('all_natural_metabolite_names.json','w') f.write(json.dumps(list(all_natural_metabolite_names), indent=True)) f.close() sys.exit(0) # Get NCBI Taxonomy parser - to convert organism names into their taxonomic lineages ncbi = ete3.NCBITaxa() get_taxid_from_organism = lambda organism: ncbi.get_name_translator([organism])[organism][0] ec_embed_cols = ["ec1", "ec2", "ec3", "ec"] tax_embed_cols = [ "superkingdom", "phylum", "class", "order", "family", "genus", "species", ] def get_ec_words(ec): if '-' in ec: ec.replace('-','UNK') ec_chars = ec.split('.') ec_words = {f"ec{i}": '.'.join(ec_chars[:i]) for i in range(1,4)} ec_words['ec'] = ec return ec_words def get_tax_words(taxid, ncbi): try: lineage = ncbi.get_lineage(taxid) rank_dict = ncbi.get_rank(lineage) rank_dict_return = {} for rankid, rankname in rank_dict.items(): if rankname.lower() in tax_embed_cols: rank_dict_return[rankname.lower()] = ncbi.get_taxid_translator([rankid])[rankid] except: rank_dict_return = {tax: 'UNK' for tax in tax_embed_cols} return rank_dict_return taxid_col = [] for ind, row in tqdm(df.iterrows()): org = row.organism try: taxid = get_taxid_from_organism(org) except KeyError: taxid = None taxid_col.append(taxid) df['taxonomy_id'] = taxid_col ec_words = [] for ind, row in df.iterrows(): words = get_ec_words(row.ec) ec_words.append(words) for col in ec_embed_cols: col_values = [ec_words[i][col] for i in range(len(df))] df[col] = col_values tax_words = [] for ind, row in df.iterrows(): words = get_tax_words(row.taxonomy_id, ncbi) tax_words.append(words) for col in tax_embed_cols: col_values = [] for i in range(len(df)): if col in tax_words[i]: col_values.append(tax_words[i][col]) else: col_values.append('UNK') df[col] = col_values # import ipdb # ipdb.set_trace() # now SMILES mapping smiles_col = [] for ind, row in tqdm(df.iterrows()): sub = row.substrate if not sub in metabolite_inchi_smiles_dic.index: smiles_col.append(None) else: smiles_col.append(metabolite_inchi_smiles_dic.loc[sub].smiles) df['substrate_smiles'] = smiles_col mwcol = [] for smi in tqdm(metabolite_inchi_smiles_dic.smiles): mw = None if not smi is None: try: mol = Chem.MolFromSmiles(smi) mw = Descriptors.MolWt(mol) except: pass mwcol.append(mw) metabolite_inchi_smiles_dic['MW'] = mwcol def sort_by_second(item): return item[1] smi_to_mw_dic = {} for smi, mw in zip(metabolite_inchi_smiles_dic.smiles, metabolite_inchi_smiles_dic.MW): smi_to_mw_dic[smi] = mw def sum_mwts(smis): mw = 0 for smi in smis: mw+=smi_to_mw_dic[smi] return mw # Assign enzyme type by parsing comments # Assign everything as wild type first and filter out entries that are 'not possibly' wild-type df["enzyme_type"] = np.nan df.loc[pd.isnull(df["comment"])] = "" df["enzyme_type"] = "wild type" df["enzyme_type"][df['comment'].str.contains("mutant")] = "mutant" df["enzyme_type"][df['comment'].str.contains("mutate")] = "mutant" df["enzyme_type"][df['comment'].str.contains("chimera")] = "mutant" df["enzyme_type"][df['comment'].str.contains("inhibitor")] = "inhibition" df["enzyme_type"][df['comment'].str.contains("inhibition")] = "inhibition" df["enzyme_type"][df['comment'].str.contains("presence of")] = "regulated" df["enzyme_type"][df['comment'].str.contains("recombinant")] = "recombinant" df["enzyme_type"][df['comment'].str.contains("allozyme")] = "allozyme" df["enzyme_type"][df['comment'].str.contains("alloenzyme")] = "allozyme" df["enzyme_type"][df['comment'].str.contains("isozyme")] = "isozyme" df["enzyme_type"][df['comment'].str.contains("isoenzyme")] = "isozyme" df["enzyme_type"][df['comment'].str.contains("isoform")] = "isozyme" # some entries still belong to mutants # check for X__Y type of comments (eg: W358A) # these correspond to mutations should be removed pat = r'[ACDEFGHIKLMNPQRSTVWY][0-9]+[ACDEFGHIKLMNPQRSTVWY]' mutations_col = [] enztype_col = [] for com,enz_type in zip(df.comment,df.enzyme_type): items = re.findall(pattern=pat, string=com) if len(items)>0: mutations_col.append(';'.join(items)) enztype_col.append('mutant') else: mutations_col.append(None) enztype_col.append(enz_type) df['enzyme_type'] = enztype_col df['mutations'] = mutations_col # Now assigne ph and temperature first from comments # then from optimum values for organism, ec phrow = [] temprow = [] for com,phopt,topt in zip(df.comment,df.ph_opt,df.temp_opt): pat = r'[0-9][0-9].C' try: temp = int(re.findall(pattern=pat, string=com)[0].split('C')[0][:2]) pat = r'pH [0-9]\.[0-9]' ph = float(re.findall(pattern=pat, string=com)[0].split('pH')[-1].strip()) except: if phopt: ph = np.average(phopt) else: ph = None if topt: temp = np.average(topt) else: temp = None phrow.append(ph) temprow.append(temp) df['ph'] = phrow df['temperature'] = temprow # fill in for missing ph, temperature using org,ec groups orgec_to_topt = {} orgec_to_phopt = {} org_to_topt = {} org_to_phopt = {} for _, row in df.iterrows(): org = row.organism ec = row.ec orgec = org+'__'+ec if not orgec in orgec_to_topt: orgec_to_topt[orgec] = [] if not orgec in orgec_to_phopt: orgec_to_phopt[orgec] = [] if not org in org_to_topt: org_to_topt[org] = [] if not org in org_to_phopt: org_to_phopt[org] = [] if not pd.isna(row.temperature): orgec_to_topt[orgec].append(row.temperature) org_to_topt[org].append(row.temperature) if not pd.isna(row.ph): orgec_to_phopt[orgec].append(row.ph) org_to_phopt[org].append(row.ph) tempcol = [] phcol = [] for org, ec, temp, ph in zip(df.organism, df.ec, df.temperature,df.ph): orgec = org+'__'+ec if pd.isna(temp): if len(orgec_to_topt[orgec])>0: temp = np.median(orgec_to_topt[orgec]) else: if len(org_to_topt[org])>0: temp = np.median(org_to_topt[org]) else: temp = None if pd.isna(ph): if len(orgec_to_phopt[orgec])>0: ph = np.median(orgec_to_phopt[orgec]) else: if len(org_to_phopt[org])>0: ph = np.median(org_to_phopt[org]) else: ph = None tempcol.append(temp) phcol.append(ph) df['temperature'] = tempcol df['ph'] = phcol def _split_reaction(reaction): reacs, prods = reaction.split(" >> ") reacs = reacs.split(' + ') prods = prods.split(' + ') return reacs, prods rxnsmi_col = [] mwdiff_col = [] mw_col = [] all_rxnsmis = [] for substrate, subsmi, sub_to_reactions in tqdm(zip(df.substrate, df.substrate_smiles, df.reactions)): rxnsmis = [] for sub, reactions in sub_to_reactions.items(): try: subsminow = metabolite_inchi_smiles_dic.loc[sub].smiles except KeyError: continue if subsminow!=subsmi: continue for reaction in reactions: reacs, prods = _split_reaction(reaction) reacsmis = [] prodsmis = [] for reac in reacs: if reac in metabolite_inchi_smiles_dic.index: reacsmis.append(metabolite_inchi_smiles_dic.loc[reac].smiles) for prod in prods: if prod in metabolite_inchi_smiles_dic.index: prodsmis.append(metabolite_inchi_smiles_dic.loc[prod].smiles) try: reac_mw = sum_mwts(reacsmis) except: reac_mw = None try: prod_mw = sum_mwts(prodsmis) except: prod_mw = None reacsmis_ = [] for smi in reacsmis: if pd.isna(smi): continue else: reacsmis_.append(smi) prodsmis_ = [] for smi in prodsmis: if pd.isna(smi): continue else: prodsmis_.append(smi) reaction_smiles = f'{".".join(reacsmis_)}>>{".".join(prodsmis_)}' if pd.isna(reac_mw) or pd.isna(prod_mw): rxnsmis.append((reaction_smiles,100000,0)) else: rxnsmis.append((reaction_smiles,abs(reac_mw-prod_mw),reac_mw+prod_mw)) rxn_now = None mwdiff_now = None mw_now = None # if something found, add if len(rxnsmis)>0: rxnsmis_sorted = sorted(rxnsmis,key=sort_by_second) for rxnsmi, mwdiff,mw in rxnsmis_sorted: reacside, prodside = rxnsmi.split('>>') if subsmi in reacside: rxn_now = rxnsmi mwdiff_now = mwdiff mw_now = mw break mwdiff_col.append(mwdiff_now) mw_col.append(mw_now) rxnsmi_col.append(rxn_now) all_rxnsmis.append(rxnsmis) df['reaction_smiles'] = rxnsmi_col df['reaction_mw_difference'] = mwdiff_col df['reaction_mw'] = mw_col unicol = [] for ind, row in tqdm(df.iterrows()): if not type(row.uniprot) is list: if pd.isna(row.uniprot): unicol.append(None) continue unis = np.array(row.uniprot).flatten() try: unicol.append(';'.join(unis)) except TypeError: unis_ = [] for each in unis: unis_.extend(each) unis_ = np.array(unis_).flatten() unicol.append(';'.join(unis_)) df['uniprot'] = unicol seqcol = [] uniset = set() for uni in df.uniprot: if pd.isna(uni): continue else: unis = uni.split(';') for each in unis: uniset.add(each) def _get_sequence(uni): r = requests.get(f'https://rest.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/{uni}.fasta') if r.status_code==200: lines = r.text.split('\n') seq = ''.join(lines[1:]) return seq outputs = Parallel(n_jobs=30, verbose=5)(delayed(_get_sequence)(uni) for uni in uniset) uni_to_seq = {} for uni, seq in zip(uniset, outputs): uni_to_seq[uni] = seq seqrow = [] seq_srcrow = [] for ind, row in tqdm(df.iterrows()): uni = row.uniprot if pd.isna(uni): seqrow.append(None) seq_srcrow.append(None) else: unis = row.uniprot.split(';') seqs = [] for uni in unis: if uni in uni_to_seq: seqs.append(uni_to_seq[uni]) else: continue set_seqs = set(seqs) if len(set_seqs)>=1: seqrow.append(';'.join(set_seqs)) seq_srcrow.append('brenda') else: seqrow.append(None) seq_srcrow.append(None) df['sequence'] = seqrow df['sequence_source'] = seq_srcrow noseq_pairs = [] for ind, row in df.iterrows(): if pd.isna(seq) or seq.strip()=='': if not pd.isna(tax) and not pd.isna(ec): seq = row.sequence tax = str(int(row.taxonomy_id)) ec = row.ec noseq_pairs.append(tax+'__'+ec) noseq_pairs = set(noseq_pairs) noseq_tax_ec = [] for each in noseq_pairs: tax, ec = each.split('__') noseq_tax_ec.append((tax, ec)) def get_url(taxid,ec): return f"https://rest.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/stream?fields=accession%2Cid%2Csequence&format=tsv&query=%28%28organism_id%3A{taxid}%29+AND+%28ec%3A{ec}%29%29" import requests def fetch_and_process(items): ec,tax = items url = get_url(ec, tax) key = f'{tax}__{ec}.tsv' keydir = f'{args.processed_dir}/tax_ec_seqdata/' failed = False dic = {} if os.path.exists(keydir+key): _df = pd.read_csv(keydir+key, sep='\t') else: r = requests.get(url) if r.status_code==200: text = r.text try: f = open(keydir + key, 'w') f.write(text) f.close() except: pass _df = pd.read_csv(keydir+key, sep='\t') else: failed = True if not failed: for entry, seq in zip(_df.Entry, _df.Sequence): dic[entry] = seq return dic noseq_tax_ec = list(noseq_tax_ec) seq_dicts = Parallel(n_jobs=30, verbose=100)(delayed(fetch_and_process)(items) for items in noseq_tax_ec) tax_ec_seqs_dict = {} for (tax,ec), seqs in zip(noseq_tax_ec, seq_dicts): tax_ec_seqs_dict[str(tax)+'__'+ec] = seqs f = open(f'{args.processed_dir}/tax_ec_seqs_dict.json','w') f.write(json.dumps(tax_ec_seqs_dict,indent=True)) f.close() seqrow = [] srcrow = [] unirow = [] for ind, row in tqdm(df.iterrows()): seq = row.sequence src = row.sequence_source uni = row.uniprot if pd.isna(seq) and not pd.isna(row.taxonomy_id): tax = str(int(row.taxonomy_id)) ec = str(row.ec) pair = tax+'__'+ec if pair in tax_ec_seqs_dict: seq_dict = tax_ec_seqs_dict[pair] else: seq_dict = {} if len(seq_dict)>0: unis = [] seqs = [] for uni, seq in seq_dict.items(): unis.append(uni) seqs.append(seq) seqrow.append(';'.join(seqs)) unirow.append(';'.join(unis)) srcrow.append('uniprot_search') else: seqrow.append(seq) unirow.append(uni) srcrow.append('brenda') else: seqrow.append(seq) unirow.append(uni) srcrow.append('brenda') df['uniprot'] = unirow df['sequence'] = seqrow df['sequence_source'] = srcrow nseq_col = [] for ind, row in tqdm(df.iterrows()): if pd.isna(row.sequence): nseq_col.append(0) seqcol.append(None) else: seqs = row.sequence.split(';') nseq_col.append(len(seqs)) df['n_sequence'] = nseq_col df.dropna(subset=['sequence'],inplace=True) df.reset_index(inplace=True, drop=True) dfseq1 = df[df.n_sequence==1] dfseq1.drop(columns=['reactions'],inplace=True) dfseq1.reset_index(inplace=True, drop=True) dfseq1.to_csv(f'{args.processed_dir}/brenda_processed_all_singleSeqs.csv') dfseq1_wt = dfseq1[dfseq1.enzyme_type=='wild type'] dfseq1_wt.reset_index(inplace=True, drop=True) dfseq1_wt.to_csv(f'{args.processed_dir}/brenda_processed_wt_singleSeqs.csv') dfseq2 = df[df.n_sequence>=1] dfseq2 = df[df.n_sequence<=10] dfseq2.drop(columns=['reactions'],inplace=True) dfseq2.reset_index(inplace=True, drop=True) dfseq2.to_csv(f'{args.processed_dir}/brenda_processed_all_multipleSeqs.csv') dfseq2_wt = dfseq2[dfseq2.enzyme_type=='wild type'] dfseq2_wt.reset_index(inplace=True, drop=True) dfseq2_wt.to_csv(f'{args.processed_dir}/brenda_processed_wt_multipleSeqs.csv')