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README.md
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---
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license: mit
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task_categories:
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tags:
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- relational-data
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- synthetic-data
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---
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license: mit
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task_categories:
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- tabular-classification
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- tabular-regression
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- feature-extraction
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pretty_name: PluRel – Synthetic Relational Databases
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size_categories:
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- 1B<n<10B
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tags:
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- relational-data
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- synthetic-data
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- foundation-models
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- tabular
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- pretraining
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- structural-causal-model
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- relbench
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---
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# PluRel Dataset
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**Synthetic Data unlocks Scaling Laws for Relational Foundation Models**
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[](https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.04029)
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[](https://snap-stanford.github.io/plurel/)
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[](https://github.com/snap-stanford/plurel)
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[](https://huggingface.co/kvignesh1420/relational-transformer-plurel)
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Preprocessed synthetic relational databases for pretraining relational foundation models, as introduced in:
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> **PluRel: Synthetic Data unlocks Scaling Laws for Relational Foundation Models**
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> Kothapalli, Ranjan, Hudovernik, Dwivedi, Hoffart, Guestrin, Leskovec — arXiv:2602.04029 (2026)
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---
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## Data Structure
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Each entry is a [relbench](https://github.com/snap-stanford/relbench)-compatible `Database` consisting of multiple relational tables.
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| Component | Description |
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|-----------|-------------|
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| Tables | 3–20 per database |
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| Primary keys | `row_idx` (auto-generated) |
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| Foreign keys | `foreign_row_0`, `foreign_row_1`, ... |
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| Feature columns | `feature_0`, `feature_1`, ... (categorical or numerical) |
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| Time column | `date` — on activity (leaf) tables only |
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**Schema topology** is sampled from: BarabasiAlbert, ReverseRandomTree, or WattsStrogatz graphs.
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**Data generation** uses Structural Causal Models (SCMs) — column dependencies are modeled as DAGs, with values propagated through randomly-initialized MLPs. Activity tables also include trend + cycle + noise time-series.
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| Parameter | Range |
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|-----------|-------|
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| Rows per entity table | 500–1,000 |
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| Rows per activity table | 2,000–5,000 |
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| Columns per table | 3–40 (power-law) |
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| Missing values | 1–10% of numerical columns |
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| Timestamp range | 1990–2025 |
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| Train / Val / Test | 80% / 10% / 10% |
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---
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## Download
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```bash
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huggingface-cli download kvignesh1420/plurel \
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--repo-type dataset \
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--local-dir ~/scratch/pre
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```
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---
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## Usage
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Databases are named `rel-synthetic-<seed>` and are fully reproducible:
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```python
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from plurel import SyntheticDataset, Config
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dataset = SyntheticDataset(seed=42, config=Config())
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db = dataset.make_db()
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for name, table in db.tables.items():
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print(f"{name}: {table.df.shape}")
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```
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See [snap-stanford/plurel](https://github.com/snap-stanford/plurel) for installation, configuration, and training scripts.
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---
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## Related
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| Resource | Link |
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|----------|------|
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| Pretrained checkpoints | [kvignesh1420/relational-transformer-plurel](https://huggingface.co/kvignesh1420/relational-transformer-plurel) |
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| Real-world relbench data | [hvag976/relational-transformer](https://huggingface.co/datasets/hvag976/relational-transformer) |
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---
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## Citation
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```bibtex
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@article{kothapalli2026plurel,
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title={{PluRel:} Synthetic Data unlocks Scaling Laws for Relational Foundation Models},
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author={Kothapalli, Vignesh and Ranjan, Rishabh and Hudovernik, Valter and Dwivedi, Vijay Prakash and Hoffart, Johannes and Guestrin, Carlos and Leskovec, Jure},
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journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2602.04029},
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year={2026}
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}
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```
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