---
license: cc-by-4.0
task_categories:
  - audio-classification
  - text-to-speech
tags:
  - voice
  - speaker-embedding
  - deduplicated
  - emotion
  - quality-filtered
  - speech-enhancement
  - clearervoice
pretty_name: Reference Voices Enhanced
size_categories:
  - 1K<n<10K
---

# Reference Voices Enhanced

2,004 AI voice samples enhanced with [ClearerVoice-Studio](https://github.com/modelscope/ClearerVoice-Studio) MossFormer2_SE_48K speech enhancement, annotated with [Empathic Insight Voice Plus](https://huggingface.co/laion/Empathic-Insight-Voice-Plus) (59 quality + emotion scores).

## Dataset Summary

- **Source**: [laion/ai-voices-deduplicated](https://huggingface.co/datasets/laion/ai-voices-deduplicated) (2,004 speaker-deduplicated, quality-filtered AI voice samples)
- **Speech Enhancement**: ClearerVoice MossFormer2_SE_48K — background noise removal and speech clarity improvement
- **Output Format**: Enhanced WAV files at 48kHz (replacing original MP3s)
- **Annotations**: Full Empathic Insight Voice Plus scores (59 dimensions: 55 emotion scores + 4 quality scores)
- **Metadata**: Updated JSON sidecar per sample with all annotation scores
- **Packaging**: Single tar file

## Enhancement Pipeline

1. **Source data**: 2,004 samples from `laion/ai-voices-deduplicated`, organized by gender (male/female/androgynous) and age category (child/teenager/young_adult/adult/elderly)
2. **Speech enhancement**: Each audio sample processed through [ClearerVoice-Studio](https://github.com/modelscope/ClearerVoice-Studio) `MossFormer2_SE_48K` model for noise suppression and speech clarity improvement at 48kHz
3. **Format conversion**: Original MP3 files replaced with enhanced WAV files at 48kHz sample rate
4. **Emotion annotation**: All enhanced samples annotated with [Empathic Insight Voice Plus](https://huggingface.co/laion/Empathic-Insight-Voice-Plus), providing 59 scores per sample
5. **Metadata update**: JSON sidecar files updated with all annotation scores

## Structure

```
reference-voices-enhanced.tar
├── male/
│   ├── 02_child/       (1 sample)
│   ├── 03_teenager/    (5 samples)
│   ├── 04_young_adult/ (217 samples)
│   ├── 05_adult/       (813 samples)
│   └── 08_elderly/     (1 sample)
├── female/
│   ├── 02_child/       (16 samples)
│   ├── 03_teenager/    (3 samples)
│   ├── 04_young_adult/ (376 samples)
│   ├── 05_adult/       (514 samples)
│   └── 08_elderly/     (1 sample)
└── androgynous/
    ├── 02_child/       (13 samples)
    ├── 04_young_adult/ (19 samples)
    └── 05_adult/       (25 samples)
```

Each sample consists of:
- **`.wav`** — Enhanced audio file (48kHz, WAV format)
- **`.json`** — Metadata sidecar with caption, emotion scores, and quality scores

## Gender Distribution

| Gender | Count |
|---|---|
| Male | 1,037 |
| Female | 910 |
| Androgynous | 57 |
| **Total** | **2,004** |

## Annotations

### Quality Scores (4 dimensions)

All samples were quality-filtered in the source dataset with:
- `score_background_quality >= 3.5` (DNS MOS background quality)
- `score_content_enjoyment >= 5.0` (content enjoyment rating)

The full set of quality scores in each JSON sidecar:

| Score | Description |
|---|---|
| `score_background_quality` | DNS MOS background quality rating |
| `score_content_enjoyment` | Content enjoyment rating |
| `score_overall_quality` | Overall audio quality rating |
| `score_speech_quality` | Speech-specific quality rating |

### Emotion Scores (55 dimensions)

Each JSON sidecar contains 55 emotion and vocal characteristic scores from Empathic Insight Voice Plus, including:

- **Core emotions**: Anger, Disgust, Fear, Sadness, Joy/Happiness, Contentment, Amusement, Affection, Awe
- **Complex emotions**: Contempt, Confusion, Distress, Disappointment, Bitterness, Nostalgia, Guilt/Shame, Envy/Jealousy
- **Social/cognitive**: Concentration, Contemplation, Determination, Pride, Relief, Sarcasm/Irony, Triumph
- **Surprise variants**: Astonishment/Surprise, Excitement
- **Vocal characteristics**: Age, Arousal, Valence, Dominance, Authenticity, Monotone vs. Expressive, Confident vs. Hesitant, Formal vs. Casual, Fast vs. Slow, Loud vs. Soft, Staccato vs. Legato, Tense vs. Relaxed, Nasal, Breathy/Whisper, Creaky/Vocal Fry, Trembling/Shaky, Lisp/Speech Impediment, Accent Strength
- **Additional**: Background Noise, Music/Singing, Laughter, Non-speech Sounds, Reverberation, Multiple Speakers

## Speech Enhancement Details

The [ClearerVoice-Studio](https://github.com/modelscope/ClearerVoice-Studio) MossFormer2_SE_48K model is a state-of-the-art speech enhancement model that:

- Removes background noise while preserving speech quality
- Operates at 48kHz for high-fidelity output
- Uses the MossFormer2 architecture optimized for speech enhancement (SE)
- Produces clean, broadcast-quality speech suitable for TTS reference voices

## Source Dataset Lineage

```
laion/reference_ai_voices_with_timbre_annotations  (17 tar files, ~32,000 samples)
    │
    ├── Quality filtering (score_background_quality >= 3.5, score_content_enjoyment >= 5.0)
    │   → 11,473 samples
    │
    ├── Speaker deduplication (Orange/Speaker-wavLM-tbr embeddings, agglomerative clustering)
    │   → 2,004 unique speakers
    │
    └── laion/ai-voices-deduplicated  (2,004 samples, MP3)
        │
        ├── ClearerVoice MossFormer2_SE_48K speech enhancement
        ├── Format conversion to 48kHz WAV
        ├── Empathic Insight Voice Plus annotation (59 scores)
        │
        └── laion/reference-voices-enhanced  (2,004 samples, WAV @ 48kHz)  ← this dataset
```

## Usage

```python
from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download
import tarfile

# Download the tar file
path = hf_hub_download(
    "laion/reference-voices-enhanced",
    "reference-voices-enhanced.tar",
    repo_type="dataset"
)

# Extract
with tarfile.open(path) as tar:
    tar.extractall("./reference-voices-enhanced")
```

## Citation

If you use this dataset, please cite the source dataset and the tools used:

- [LAION AI Voices Deduplicated](https://huggingface.co/datasets/laion/ai-voices-deduplicated)
- [ClearerVoice-Studio](https://github.com/modelscope/ClearerVoice-Studio)
- [Empathic Insight Voice Plus](https://huggingface.co/laion/Empathic-Insight-Voice-Plus)
- [Orange Speaker-wavLM-tbr](https://huggingface.co/Orange/Speaker-wavLM-tbr)

## License

CC-BY-4.0