Datasets:
File size: 39,557 Bytes
d862b72 25d314a 868b7cb d862b72 868b7cb d862b72 868b7cb d862b72 868b7cb 25d314a 868b7cb e94e991 6111b83 d081c63 ae3a42e b17eeb0 d461bf2 33c2e16 9efa146 3108ce4 4a83af2 1f40b3e 79090d8 d1cefc0 0fe7819 868b7cb 43b1e15 868b7cb e94e991 6111b83 d081c63 ae3a42e b17eeb0 cc78c98 d461bf2 9172136 33c2e16 9efa146 dd1031d 3108ce4 5d14d63 4a83af2 1f40b3e 010767b 79090d8 d1cefc0 0fe7819 868b7cb d862b72 0b5be18 964dcbe 49a81de 25d314a d862b72 25d314a d862b72 25d314a d862b72 76c6dba d862b72 25d314a d862b72 25d314a d862b72 25d314a d862b72 d59f2d6 0b5be18 d59f2d6 d862b72 25d314a d862b72 0791483 76f9d73 25d314a 76c6dba 25d314a d862b72 d59f2d6 76c6dba d59f2d6 0791483 76f9d73 0791483 76f9d73 25d314a d862b72 76f9d73 25d314a 76f9d73 d59f2d6 76f9d73 d862b72 25d314a d862b72 25d314a d862b72 76f9d73 0b5be18 76f9d73 d862b72 76f9d73 d862b72 0791483 76f9d73 d59f2d6 25d314a 0791483 25d314a d862b72 25d314a d862b72 25d314a 76c6dba 25d314a d59f2d6 25d314a d862b72 76f9d73 76c6dba 76f9d73 d59f2d6 76f9d73 d862b72 76f9d73 d862b72 25d314a d862b72 25d314a 76c6dba 76f9d73 25d314a d862b72 25d314a | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024 1025 1026 1027 1028 1029 1030 1031 1032 1033 1034 1035 1036 1037 1038 1039 1040 1041 1042 1043 1044 1045 1046 1047 1048 1049 1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1070 1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1086 1087 1088 1089 1090 1091 1092 1093 1094 1095 1096 1097 1098 1099 1100 1101 1102 1103 1104 1105 1106 1107 1108 1109 1110 1111 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119 1120 1121 1122 1123 1124 1125 1126 1127 1128 1129 1130 1131 1132 1133 1134 | ---
language:
- en
- zh
- es
- ur
license: apache-2.0
task_categories:
- text-generation
tags:
- code
- multilingual
- legesher
- transpilation
- tiny-aya-expedition
- language-decoded
pretty_name: Language Decoded Data
size_categories:
- 100K<n<1M
configs:
- config_name: condition-1-en-103k
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/condition-1-en-103k/train-*
- split: validation
path: data/condition-1-en-103k/validation-*
- config_name: condition-1-en-20k
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/condition-1-en-20k/train-*
- split: validation
path: data/condition-1-en-20k/validation-*
- config_name: condition-1-en-5k
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/condition-1-en-5k/train-*
- split: validation
path: data/condition-1-en-5k/validation-*
- config_name: condition-2-es-103k
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/condition-2-es-103k/train-*
- split: validation
path: data/condition-2-es-103k/validation-*
- config_name: condition-2-es-20k
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/condition-2-es-20k/train-*
- split: validation
path: data/condition-2-es-20k/validation-*
- config_name: condition-2-es-5k
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/condition-2-es-5k/train-*
- split: validation
path: data/condition-2-es-5k/validation-*
- config_name: condition-2-ur-103k
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/condition-2-ur-103k/train-*
- split: validation
path: data/condition-2-ur-103k/validation-*
- config_name: condition-2-ur-20k
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/condition-2-ur-20k/train-*
- split: validation
path: data/condition-2-ur-20k/validation-*
- config_name: condition-2-ur-5k
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/condition-2-ur-5k/train-*
- split: validation
path: data/condition-2-ur-5k/validation-*
- config_name: condition-2-zh-103k
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/condition-2-zh-103k/train-*
- split: validation
path: data/condition-2-zh-103k/validation-*
- config_name: condition-2-zh-20k
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/condition-2-zh-20k/train-*
- split: validation
path: data/condition-2-zh-20k/validation-*
- config_name: condition-2-zh-5k
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/condition-2-zh-5k/train-*
- split: validation
path: data/condition-2-zh-5k/validation-*
- config_name: condition-5-es-5k-c4ai-aya-expanse-32b
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/condition-5-es-5k-c4ai-aya-expanse-32b/train-*
- split: validation
path: data/condition-5-es-5k-c4ai-aya-expanse-32b/validation-*
- config_name: condition-5-ur-5k-c4ai-aya-expanse-32b
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/condition-5-ur-5k-c4ai-aya-expanse-32b/train-*
- split: validation
path: data/condition-5-ur-5k-c4ai-aya-expanse-32b/validation-*
- config_name: condition-5-zh-5k-c4ai-aya-expanse-32b
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/condition-5-zh-5k-c4ai-aya-expanse-32b/train-*
- split: validation
path: data/condition-5-zh-5k-c4ai-aya-expanse-32b/validation-*
- config_name: phase-2-the-stack-v1-condition-1-en-32k
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/phase-2-the-stack-v1/condition-1-en-32k/train-*
- split: validation
path: data/phase-2-the-stack-v1/condition-1-en-32k/validation-*
- config_name: phase-2-the-stack-v1-condition-1-en-5k
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/phase-2-the-stack-v1/condition-1-en-5k/train-*
- split: validation
path: data/phase-2-the-stack-v1/condition-1-en-5k/validation-*
- config_name: phase-2-the-stack-v1-condition-2-es-32k
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/phase-2-the-stack-v1/condition-2-es-32k/train-*
- split: validation
path: data/phase-2-the-stack-v1/condition-2-es-32k/validation-*
- config_name: phase-2-the-stack-v1-condition-2-es-5k
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/phase-2-the-stack-v1/condition-2-es-5k/train-*
- split: validation
path: data/phase-2-the-stack-v1/condition-2-es-5k/validation-*
- config_name: phase-2-the-stack-v1-condition-2-ur-32k
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/phase-2-the-stack-v1/condition-2-ur-32k/train-*
- split: validation
path: data/phase-2-the-stack-v1/condition-2-ur-32k/validation-*
- config_name: phase-2-the-stack-v1-condition-2-ur-5k
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/phase-2-the-stack-v1/condition-2-ur-5k/train-*
- split: validation
path: data/phase-2-the-stack-v1/condition-2-ur-5k/validation-*
- config_name: phase-2-the-stack-v1-condition-2-zh-32k
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/phase-2-the-stack-v1/condition-2-zh-32k/train-*
- split: validation
path: data/phase-2-the-stack-v1/condition-2-zh-32k/validation-*
- config_name: phase-2-the-stack-v1-condition-2-zh-5k
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/phase-2-the-stack-v1/condition-2-zh-5k/train-*
- split: validation
path: data/phase-2-the-stack-v1/condition-2-zh-5k/validation-*
- config_name: phase-2-the-stack-v1-condition-3-zh-5k
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/phase-2-the-stack-v1/condition-3-zh-5k/train-*
- split: validation
path: data/phase-2-the-stack-v1/condition-3-zh-5k/validation-*
- config_name: phase-2-the-stack-v1-condition-4-zh-5k
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/phase-2-the-stack-v1/condition-4-zh-5k/train-*
- split: validation
path: data/phase-2-the-stack-v1/condition-4-zh-5k/validation-*
dataset_info:
- config_name: condition-1-en-103k
features:
- name: code
dtype: string
- name: code_en
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: file_path
dtype: string
- name: license
dtype: string
- name: token_count
dtype: int64
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 1219853377.6640787
num_examples: 93549
- name: validation
num_bytes: 135547957.33592126
num_examples: 10395
download_size: 523449014
dataset_size: 1355401335.0
- config_name: condition-1-en-20k
features:
- name: code
dtype: string
- name: code_en
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: file_path
dtype: string
- name: license
dtype: string
- name: token_count
dtype: int64
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 236244972
num_examples: 18000
- name: validation
num_bytes: 25420094
num_examples: 2000
download_size: 98501038
dataset_size: 261665066
- config_name: condition-1-en-5k
features:
- name: code
dtype: string
- name: code_en
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: file_path
dtype: string
- name: license
dtype: string
- name: token_count
dtype: int64
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 58678769.40948973
num_examples: 4500
- name: validation
num_bytes: 6519863.26772108
num_examples: 500
download_size: 24617109
dataset_size: 65198632.67721081
- config_name: condition-2-es-103k
features:
- name: code
dtype: string
- name: code_en
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: file_path
dtype: string
- name: license
dtype: string
- name: idx
dtype: int64
- name: token_count
dtype: int64
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 1217884000
num_examples: 93547
- name: validation
num_bytes: 134733742
num_examples: 10395
download_size: 511222413
dataset_size: 1352617742
- config_name: condition-2-es-20k
features:
- name: code
dtype: string
- name: code_en
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: file_path
dtype: string
- name: license
dtype: string
- name: idx
dtype: int64
- name: token_count
dtype: int64
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 235645466
num_examples: 18000
- name: validation
num_bytes: 24275395
num_examples: 2000
download_size: 97703744
dataset_size: 259920861
- config_name: condition-2-es-5k
features:
- name: code
dtype: string
- name: code_en
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: file_path
dtype: string
- name: license
dtype: string
- name: idx
dtype: int64
- name: token_count
dtype: int64
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 58682347
num_examples: 4500
- name: validation
num_bytes: 6676022
num_examples: 500
download_size: 24738568
dataset_size: 65358369
- config_name: condition-2-es-5k-token-translator
features:
- name: code
dtype: string
- name: code_en
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: file_path
dtype: string
- name: license
dtype: string
- name: idx
dtype: int64
- name: token_count
dtype: int64
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 58682347
num_examples: 4500
- name: validation
num_bytes: 6676022
num_examples: 500
download_size: 24738568
dataset_size: 65358369
- config_name: condition-2-ur-103k
features:
- name: code
dtype: string
- name: code_en
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: file_path
dtype: string
- name: license
dtype: string
- name: idx
dtype: int64
- name: token_count
dtype: int64
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 1245009266
num_examples: 93547
- name: validation
num_bytes: 137722573
num_examples: 10395
download_size: 514285138
dataset_size: 1382731839
- config_name: condition-2-ur-103k-token-translator
features:
- name: code
dtype: string
- name: code_en
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: file_path
dtype: string
- name: license
dtype: string
- name: idx
dtype: int64
- name: token_count
dtype: int64
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 1245009266
num_examples: 93547
- name: validation
num_bytes: 137722573
num_examples: 10395
download_size: 514285138
dataset_size: 1382731839
- config_name: condition-2-ur-20k
features:
- name: code
dtype: string
- name: code_en
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: file_path
dtype: string
- name: license
dtype: string
- name: idx
dtype: int64
- name: token_count
dtype: int64
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 240838990
num_examples: 18000
- name: validation
num_bytes: 24816842
num_examples: 2000
download_size: 98295520
dataset_size: 265655832
- config_name: condition-2-ur-5k
features:
- name: code
dtype: string
- name: code_en
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: file_path
dtype: string
- name: license
dtype: string
- name: idx
dtype: int64
- name: token_count
dtype: int64
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 59974860
num_examples: 4500
- name: validation
num_bytes: 6834570
num_examples: 500
download_size: 24875614
dataset_size: 66809430
- config_name: condition-2-ur-5k-token-translator
features:
- name: code
dtype: string
- name: code_en
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: file_path
dtype: string
- name: license
dtype: string
- name: idx
dtype: int64
- name: token_count
dtype: int64
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 59974860
num_examples: 4500
- name: validation
num_bytes: 6834570
num_examples: 500
download_size: 24875614
dataset_size: 66809430
- config_name: condition-2-zh-103k
features:
- name: code
dtype: string
- name: code_en
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: file_path
dtype: string
- name: license
dtype: string
- name: idx
dtype: int64
- name: token_count
dtype: int64
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 1218763208
num_examples: 93547
- name: validation
num_bytes: 134838084
num_examples: 10395
download_size: 510104801
dataset_size: 1353601292
- config_name: condition-2-zh-103k-token-translator
features:
- name: code
dtype: string
- name: code_en
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: file_path
dtype: string
- name: license
dtype: string
- name: idx
dtype: int64
- name: token_count
dtype: int64
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 1218763208
num_examples: 93547
- name: validation
num_bytes: 134838084
num_examples: 10395
download_size: 510104801
dataset_size: 1353601292
- config_name: condition-2-zh-20k
features:
- name: code
dtype: string
- name: code_en
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: file_path
dtype: string
- name: license
dtype: string
- name: idx
dtype: int64
- name: token_count
dtype: int64
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 235820657
num_examples: 18000
- name: validation
num_bytes: 24285000
num_examples: 2000
download_size: 97504390
dataset_size: 260105657
- config_name: condition-2-zh-5k
features:
- name: code
dtype: string
- name: code_en
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: file_path
dtype: string
- name: license
dtype: string
- name: idx
dtype: int64
- name: token_count
dtype: int64
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 58727467
num_examples: 4500
- name: validation
num_bytes: 6682336
num_examples: 500
download_size: 24686270
dataset_size: 65409803
- config_name: condition-2-zh-5k-token-translator
features:
- name: code
dtype: string
- name: code_en
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: file_path
dtype: string
- name: license
dtype: string
- name: idx
dtype: int64
- name: token_count
dtype: int64
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 58727467
num_examples: 4500
- name: validation
num_bytes: 6682336
num_examples: 500
download_size: 24686270
dataset_size: 65409803
- config_name: condition-5-es-5k-c4ai-aya-expanse-32b
features:
- name: code
dtype: string
- name: code_en
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: file_path
dtype: string
- name: license
dtype: string
- name: idx
dtype: int64
- name: token_count
dtype: int64
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 93392942
num_examples: 4032
- name: validation
num_bytes: 5335800
num_examples: 329
download_size: 30639217
dataset_size: 98728742
- config_name: condition-5-ur-5k-c4ai-aya-expanse-32b
features:
- name: code
dtype: string
- name: code_en
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: file_path
dtype: string
- name: license
dtype: string
- name: idx
dtype: int64
- name: token_count
dtype: int64
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 62839812
num_examples: 4088
- name: validation
num_bytes: 4197410
num_examples: 381
download_size: 24290156
dataset_size: 67037222
- config_name: condition-5-zh-5k-c4ai-aya-expanse-32b
features:
- name: code
dtype: string
- name: code_en
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: file_path
dtype: string
- name: license
dtype: string
- name: idx
dtype: int64
- name: token_count
dtype: int64
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 65608264
num_examples: 4052
- name: validation
num_bytes: 4508517
num_examples: 381
download_size: 23586439
dataset_size: 70116781
- config_name: phase-2-the-stack-v1-condition-1-en-32k
features:
- name: file_path
dtype: string
- name: code
dtype: string
- name: code_en
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: license
dtype: string
- name: token_count
dtype: int32
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 403718262
num_examples: 31818
- name: validation
num_bytes: 42626910
num_examples: 3536
download_size: 164619518
dataset_size: 446345172
- config_name: phase-2-the-stack-v1-condition-1-en-5k
features:
- name: file_path
dtype: string
- name: code
dtype: string
- name: code_en
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: license
dtype: string
- name: token_count
dtype: int32
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 55261555
num_examples: 4500
- name: validation
num_bytes: 6365959
num_examples: 500
download_size: 22897728
dataset_size: 61627514
- config_name: phase-2-the-stack-v1-condition-2-es-32k
features:
- name: file_path
dtype: string
- name: code
dtype: string
- name: code_en
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: license
dtype: string
- name: token_count
dtype: int32
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 408041994
num_examples: 31818
- name: validation
num_bytes: 43090956
num_examples: 3536
download_size: 166000000
dataset_size: 451132950
- config_name: phase-2-the-stack-v1-condition-2-es-5k
features:
- name: file_path
dtype: string
- name: code
dtype: string
- name: code_en
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: license
dtype: string
- name: token_count
dtype: int32
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 55864731
num_examples: 4500
- name: validation
num_bytes: 6432095
num_examples: 500
download_size: 23031674
dataset_size: 62296826
- config_name: phase-2-the-stack-v1-condition-2-ur-32k
features:
- name: file_path
dtype: string
- name: code
dtype: string
- name: code_en
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: license
dtype: string
- name: token_count
dtype: int32
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 415552907
num_examples: 31818
- name: validation
num_bytes: 43879443
num_examples: 3536
download_size: 166000000
dataset_size: 459432350
- config_name: phase-2-the-stack-v1-condition-2-ur-5k
features:
- name: file_path
dtype: string
- name: code
dtype: string
- name: code_en
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: license
dtype: string
- name: token_count
dtype: int32
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 56906247
num_examples: 4500
- name: validation
num_bytes: 6545730
num_examples: 500
download_size: 23158039
dataset_size: 63451977
- config_name: phase-2-the-stack-v1-condition-2-zh-32k
features:
- name: file_path
dtype: string
- name: code
dtype: string
- name: code_en
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: license
dtype: string
- name: token_count
dtype: int32
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 405515831
num_examples: 31818
- name: validation
num_bytes: 45065811
num_examples: 3536
download_size: 165387142
dataset_size: 450581642
- config_name: phase-2-the-stack-v1-condition-2-zh-5k
features:
- name: file_path
dtype: string
- name: code
dtype: string
- name: code_en
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: license
dtype: string
- name: token_count
dtype: int32
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 55793642
num_examples: 4500
- name: validation
num_bytes: 6422792
num_examples: 500
download_size: 22978834
dataset_size: 62216434
- config_name: phase-2-the-stack-v1-condition-3-zh-5k
features:
- name: file_path
dtype: large_string
- name: code
dtype: large_string
- name: code_en
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: large_string
- name: license
dtype: large_string
- name: token_count
dtype: int64
- name: source_type
dtype: large_string
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 40782466
num_examples: 4500
- name: validation
num_bytes: 4531385
num_examples: 500
download_size: 17299185
dataset_size: 45313851
- config_name: phase-2-the-stack-v1-condition-4-zh-5k
features:
- name: filename
dtype: string
- name: content
dtype: string
- name: extension
dtype: string
- name: source
dtype: string
- name: quality_tier
dtype: string
- name: sha256
dtype: string
- name: byte_size
dtype: int64
- name: total_lines
dtype: int64
- name: cjk_ratio
dtype: float64
- name: has_cjk
dtype: bool
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 44246508
num_examples: 6553
- name: validation
num_bytes: 7522476
num_examples: 729
download_size: 18300000
dataset_size: 51768984
---
# Language Decoded | Multilingual Code Dataset
> **Note (2026-05-18):** Current Phase 3 configs use the short `condition-*` namespace and include `103k`, `20k`, and `5k` sizes for Conditions 1--2. Phase 2 configs remain available under the `phase-2-the-stack-v1-*` namespace for reproducibility.
> **⚠️ Note on the `condition-5-*` (model-translated) configs — raw, pre-cleanup:** The `condition-5-{ur,zh,es}-5k-c4ai-aya-expanse-32b` configs are **raw LLM translation output** and carry known prompt-leakage contamination: translator-model preamble text, ` ```json ` wrappers, and `Explanation:` / `Explicación:` / `解释:` commentary that leaked into string literals and identifier names. This affects rows that parse as valid Python as well as rows that do not. These rows are intentionally retained as-generated to support cleanup research; cleaned configs will be published separately. Treat `condition-5-*` as raw data.
Multilingual Python code datasets for the **Language Decoded** project (part of [Cohere's Tiny Aya Expedition](https://aya.for.ai)), investigating whether code's reasoning benefit for language models is **language-dependent** or **structure-dependent**.
## Research Question
> Does fine-tuning on non-English code (Python with translated keywords) improve multilingual reasoning as much as English code does?
Prior work ([Aryabumi et al., 2024 -- "To Code or Not to Code"](https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.10914)) demonstrated that including English code in pre-training data improves downstream reasoning performance by approximately 8%. However, that study only tested English code. This dataset enables the natural follow-up: does the reasoning benefit come from the _structure_ of code, or from the _language_ of its keywords?
## Dataset Description
This dataset provides filtered, quality-controlled Python source code in multiple configurations: the original English, three keyword-swapped variants (Chinese, Spanish, Urdu), a blended native+transpiled mix, strictly native Chinese code, and a model-translated set in which an LLM translates the full source (identifiers, strings, and comments, not just keywords). Python source for Conditions 1, 2, and 5 is drawn from [bigcode/the-stack-v2-dedup](https://huggingface.co/datasets/bigcode/the-stack-v2-dedup) (Python subset) for the current Phase 3 configs; the legacy `phase-2-the-stack-v1-*` configs are sourced from [The Stack v1](https://huggingface.co/datasets/bigcode/the-stack). Conditions 3 and 4 additionally draw on natively-authored code (see those conditions below). Source files are filtered for quality using the following criteria:
- AST-valid Python only (must parse without errors)
- Permissive licenses only (MIT, Apache-2.0, BSD, etc.)
- 10--1000 lines of code
- Minimum 21 GitHub stars
- No autogenerated files
- SHA-256 deduplication
Keyword-swapped variants are produced using [Legesher](https://github.com/legesher/legesher) v0.7.3, which translates Python reserved words (37 keywords, 72 builtins, 66 exceptions) into the target language while preserving code structure and semantics.
## Available Configs
Conditions 1--2 are available in three current Phase 3 sizes: `-103k` full corpora, `-20k` random subsets sampled from the corresponding `-103k` config with seed 42, and `-5k` compact subsets. Phase 2 `-32k` configs are still available with the `phase-2-the-stack-v1-*` prefix. Condition 5 (`condition-5-*-c4ai-aya-expanse-32b`) is the model-translated set — currently `5k` only, and raw/pre-cleanup (see the note above).
| Config | Condition | Language | Description | Train | Val |
| ------------------------- | ----------- | -------- | ------------------------------------------------ | ------ | ------ |
| `condition-1-en-103k` | 1 (control) | English | Unmodified filtered Python | 93,549 | 10,395 |
| `condition-1-en-20k` | 1 (control) | English | Random 20k subset of `condition-1-en-103k` | 18,000 | 2,000 |
| `condition-1-en-5k` | 1 (control) | English | Compact 5k subset | 4,500 | 500 |
| `condition-2-zh-103k` | 2 | Chinese | Keyword-swapped Python via Legesher v0.7.3 | 93,547 | 10,395 |
| `condition-2-zh-20k` | 2 | Chinese | Random 20k subset of `condition-2-zh-103k` | 18,000 | 2,000 |
| `condition-2-zh-5k` | 2 | Chinese | Compact 5k subset | 4,500 | 500 |
| `condition-2-es-103k` | 2 | Spanish | Keyword-swapped Python via Legesher v0.7.3 | 93,547 | 10,395 |
| `condition-2-es-20k` | 2 | Spanish | Random 20k subset of `condition-2-es-103k` | 18,000 | 2,000 |
| `condition-2-es-5k` | 2 | Spanish | Compact 5k subset | 4,500 | 500 |
| `condition-2-ur-103k` | 2 | Urdu | Keyword-swapped Python via Legesher v0.7.3 | 93,547 | 10,395 |
| `condition-2-ur-20k` | 2 | Urdu | Random 20k subset of `condition-2-ur-103k` | 18,000 | 2,000 |
| `condition-2-ur-5k` | 2 | Urdu | Compact 5k subset | 4,500 | 500 |
| `condition-3-zh-5k` | 3 | Chinese | Blended: native Chinese code + transpiled Python | 4,500 | 500 |
| `condition-4-zh-5k` | 4 | Chinese | Strictly native Chinese code | 6,553 | 729 |
| `condition-5-ur-5k-c4ai-aya-expanse-32b` | 5 | Urdu | Model-translated (full LLM translation via Cohere Aya) — raw, pre-cleanup | 4,088 | 381 |
| `condition-5-zh-5k-c4ai-aya-expanse-32b` | 5 | Chinese | Model-translated (full LLM translation via Cohere Aya) — raw, pre-cleanup | 4,052 | 381 |
| `condition-5-es-5k-c4ai-aya-expanse-32b` | 5 | Spanish | Model-translated (full LLM translation via Cohere Aya) — raw, pre-cleanup | 4,032 | 329 |
## Schema
### Conditions 1--2
Used by: `condition-1-en-*`, `condition-2-zh-*`, `condition-2-es-*`, `condition-2-ur-*`
| Column | Type | Description |
| ------------- | ------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `code` | string | Python source code. For condition-2 configs, this is the transpiled (keyword-swapped) version. For condition-1, this is the original English source. |
| `code_en` | string | Original English Python source code. Identical to `code` for condition-1-en. |
| `language` | string | ISO 639-1 language code: `en`, `ur`, `zh`, or `es`. |
| `file_path` | string | Original file path in the source dataset. |
| `license` | string | SPDX license identifier for the source file. |
| `token_count` | int64 | Token count computed using the CohereLabs/tiny-aya-base tokenizer. |
### Condition 5
Used by: `condition-5-ur-5k-c4ai-aya-expanse-32b`, `condition-5-zh-5k-c4ai-aya-expanse-32b`, `condition-5-es-5k-c4ai-aya-expanse-32b`
Condition 5 uses the conditions 1--2 schema plus an `idx` column. `code` is the full LLM-translated source (identifiers, strings, comments, and keywords); `code_en` is the English original. These configs are raw model output — see the note at the top of this card.
| Column | Type | Description |
| ------------- | ------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `code` | string | Model-translated Python source (full LLM translation via Cohere Aya). |
| `code_en` | string | Original English Python source code. |
| `language` | string | ISO 639-1 language code: `ur`, `zh`, or `es`. |
| `file_path` | string | Original file path in the source dataset. |
| `license` | string | SPDX license identifier for the source file. |
| `idx` | int64 | Source row index into `condition-1-en-5k`. Enables row-level joins across conditions. |
| `token_count` | int64 | Token count computed using the CohereLabs/tiny-aya-base tokenizer. |
### Condition 3
Used by: `condition-3-zh-5k`
Condition 3 blends native Chinese code with transpiled code and adds a `source_type` column to distinguish them. `code_en` is populated for transpiled rows (keeping them in sync with conditions 1--2) but null for native code rows, which have no English equivalent.
| Column | Type | Description |
| ------------- | ----------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `file_path` | string | File identifier (native filename or transpiled file path) |
| `code` | string | The code content (native or transpiled) |
| `code_en` | string/null | English original -- populated for transpiled rows, null for native code rows |
| `language` | string | ISO 639-1 language code (`zh`) |
| `license` | string | Source license (SPDX identifier, `UNKNOWN`, or `varies`) |
| `token_count` | int64 | Token count computed using the CohereLabs/tiny-aya-base tokenizer |
| `source_type` | string | `"native"` (natively Chinese-authored) or `"transpiled"` (keyword-swapped English) |
### Condition 4
Used by: `condition-4-zh-5k`
Condition 4 contains strictly native Chinese code -- code written by developers who think and code in Chinese. This uses the same schema as the [language-decoded-community](https://huggingface.co/datasets/legesher/language-decoded-community) dataset rather than the transpilation schema, since there is no English original to reference.
| Column | Type | Description |
| -------------- | ------- | -------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `filename` | string | Original filename |
| `content` | string | The code content |
| `extension` | string | File extension (e.g., `.py`, `.c`, `.wenyan`) |
| `source` | string | Data source (e.g., `thestack`, `wenyan`, `program_in_chinese`) |
| `quality_tier` | string | Quality rating: `A` (highest) through `D` (lowest) |
| `sha256` | string | SHA-256 hash for deduplication |
| `byte_size` | int64 | File size in bytes |
| `total_lines` | int64 | Total line count |
| `cjk_ratio` | float64 | Ratio of CJK characters in the file |
| `has_cjk` | bool | Whether the file contains CJK characters |
## Experimental Conditions
The Language Decoded experiment uses a ladder of conditions to isolate the mechanism behind code's reasoning benefit:
| Condition | Name | Purpose |
| ----------- | -------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Baseline | No fine-tuning | Establishes the performance floor |
| Condition 1 | English code | Tests whether code fine-tuning helps at all (replicates Aryabumi et al.) |
| Condition 2 | Keyword-swapped code | Tests whether the _language_ of keywords matters for the reasoning benefit |
| Condition 3 | Mixed native sources | Tests whether diverse native-language code adds value beyond keyword swapping |
| Condition 4 | Strictly native code | Tests whether code authored by native speakers carries unique signal beyond transpilation |
| Condition 5 | Model-translated code | Tests whether full LLM translation (identifiers, strings, comments -- not just keywords) changes the reasoning benefit, relative to Condition 2's keyword-only swap |
### The Experimental Ladder
- **Baseline --> 1**: Does code help at all?
- **1 --> 2**: Does the language of keywords matter?
- **2 --> 3**: Does diversity of native-language sources add value beyond keyword swap?
- **3 --> 4**: Does code written in the cultural context of a language carry something that transpiled+mixed can't?
## Usage
```python
from datasets import load_dataset
# Load full-size English code (control)
ds = load_dataset("legesher/language-decoded-data", "condition-1-en-103k")
# Load random 20k subsets
ds = load_dataset("legesher/language-decoded-data", "condition-1-en-20k")
ds = load_dataset("legesher/language-decoded-data", "condition-2-zh-20k")
ds = load_dataset("legesher/language-decoded-data", "condition-2-es-20k")
ds = load_dataset("legesher/language-decoded-data", "condition-2-ur-20k")
# Load 5k subset (for QLoRA fine-tuning)
ds = load_dataset("legesher/language-decoded-data", "condition-1-en-5k")
# Load keyword-swapped variants
ds = load_dataset("legesher/language-decoded-data", "condition-2-zh-5k")
ds = load_dataset("legesher/language-decoded-data", "condition-2-es-5k")
ds = load_dataset("legesher/language-decoded-data", "condition-2-ur-5k")
# Load blended native + transpiled (condition 3)
ds = load_dataset("legesher/language-decoded-data", "condition-3-zh-5k")
# Load strictly native code (condition 4)
ds = load_dataset("legesher/language-decoded-data", "condition-4-zh-5k")
# Load model-translated code (condition 5 -- raw, pre-cleanup)
ds = load_dataset("legesher/language-decoded-data", "condition-5-ur-5k-c4ai-aya-expanse-32b")
ds = load_dataset("legesher/language-decoded-data", "condition-5-zh-5k-c4ai-aya-expanse-32b")
ds = load_dataset("legesher/language-decoded-data", "condition-5-es-5k-c4ai-aya-expanse-32b")
# Access splits
train = ds["train"]
val = ds["validation"]
# Filter condition-3 by source type
native_only = train.filter(lambda x: x["source_type"] == "native")
```
## Technical Details
| Parameter | Value |
| ---------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Source dataset (Phase 3, `condition-*`) | [bigcode/the-stack-v2-dedup](https://huggingface.co/datasets/bigcode/the-stack-v2-dedup) (Python subset) |
| Source dataset (Phase 2, `phase-2-the-stack-v1-*`) | [bigcode/the-stack](https://huggingface.co/datasets/bigcode/the-stack) (The Stack v1) |
| Transpilation tool | [Legesher](https://github.com/legesher/legesher) v0.7.3 (legesher-core, legesher-i18n) |
| Tokenizer | CohereLabs/tiny-aya-base |
| Base model | [CohereLabs/tiny-aya-base](https://huggingface.co/CohereLabs/tiny-aya-base) (3.35B params) |
| Condition 5 translation model | Cohere `c4ai-aya-expanse-32b` (Aya Expanse 32B, via the Cohere API) |
| Train/validation split | 90% / 10% (seed 42) |
| File format | Parquet (snappy compression) |
| Filtering criteria | AST-valid, permissive licenses, 10--1000 lines, min 21 GitHub stars, no autogenerated files, SHA-256 deduplication |
## Limitations
- **Source bias**: The Stack skews toward popular, well-starred GitHub repositories, which may not represent the full diversity of Python code in the wild.
- **Keyword-only transpilation**: Legesher translates Python reserved words (keywords, builtins, exceptions) but leaves comments, docstrings, string literals, and variable/function names in their original language (typically English). This means condition-2 code is a hybrid of translated keywords and English identifiers.
- **Token count variation**: Transpiled code may have different token counts than the English original due to multi-byte characters (especially for Chinese and Urdu), even though the code structure is identical.
- **Single programming language**: Currently limited to Python. Results may not generalize to other programming languages.
- **Condition 4 scope**: Native Chinese code is limited to publicly available sources (The Stack, Wenyan, Program-in-Chinese, Qi, Mulan) and may not represent the full spectrum of Chinese-language programming.
- **Condition 5 is raw model output**: The `condition-5-*` configs contain prompt-leakage contamination -- translator-model preamble text, JSON wrappers, and explanation commentary leaked into string literals and identifier names, in AST-valid and AST-invalid rows alike. Cleaned configs will be published separately. See the note at the top of this card.
## Citation
```bibtex
@misc{language-decoded-2026,
title={Language Decoded: Investigating Language-Dependent vs. Structure-Dependent Reasoning Benefits of Code},
author={Madison Edgar and Saad Ahmed Bazaz and Tom Sherborne and Rashik Shahjahan and Khojasteh Mirza and Sarah Jawaid and Rafay Mustafa and Sohaib Ahmed Bazaz},
year={2026},
publisher={Hugging Face},
url={https://huggingface.co/datasets/legesher/language-decoded-data}
}
```
## Links
- [Legesher on GitHub](https://github.com/legesher/legesher)
- [Tiny Aya Expedition](https://aya.for.ai)
- [bigcode/the-stack-v2-dedup](https://huggingface.co/datasets/bigcode/the-stack-v2-dedup) (Phase 3 source)
- [bigcode/the-stack](https://huggingface.co/datasets/bigcode/the-stack) (The Stack v1 — Phase 2 source)
- [Language Decoded Community (native code)](https://huggingface.co/datasets/legesher/language-decoded-community)
- [Language Decoded Experiments (tracking)](https://huggingface.co/datasets/legesher/language-decoded-experiments)
- [Language Decoded LoRA (model hub)](https://huggingface.co/legesher/language-decoded-lora)
## License
Apache 2.0
|