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import logging
import re
import time
from datetime import date
from html import unescape
from urllib.parse import urljoin
import requests
from dateutil import parser as dateutil_parser
from legex.models.base import Case
from legex.scrapers.base import BaseScraper
# Data source: https://juportal.be/zoekmachine/zoekformulier
# We submit the official search form with civil case-number prefix "C." and
# page through server-side "next_page" form actions.
log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
BASE_URL = "https://juportal.be"
SEARCH_FORM_URL = f"{BASE_URL}/zoekmachine/zoekformulier"
SEARCH_RESULTS_URL = f"{BASE_URL}/zoekmachine/zoekresultaten"
DELAY_SECONDS = 3
RETRY_DELAY_SECONDS = 30
MAX_PAGES_PER_QUERY = 300
_RE_FORM_TOKEN = re.compile(r'name=["\']TOKEN["\'][^>]*value=["\']([^"\']*)', re.IGNORECASE)
_RE_ACTION_VALUE = re.compile(
r'<button[^>]*name=["\']action["\'][^>]*value=["\']([^"\']*)',
re.IGNORECASE,
)
_RE_NEXT_VALUE = re.compile(
r'<button[^>]*name=["\']next_page["\'][^>]*value=["\']([^"\']*)',
re.IGNORECASE,
)
_RE_CONTENT_LINK = re.compile(r'href=["\'](/content/ECLI:BE:CASS:[^"\']+)["\']', re.IGNORECASE)
_RE_ROLE = re.compile(r"Rolnummer:\s*([A-Z]\.[0-9]{2}\.[0-9]{4}\.[A-Z])", re.IGNORECASE)
_RE_DATE = re.compile(r"Vonnis/arrest van\s+([0-9]{1,2}\s+[A-Za-z]+\s+[0-9]{4})", re.IGNORECASE)
_RE_ECLI = re.compile(r"(ECLI:BE:CASS:[A-Z0-9:.]+)")
_RE_RESULT_ROW_META = re.compile(
r"Hof van Cassatie\s*-\s*([0-9]{1,2}\s+[A-Za-z]+\s+[0-9]{4})\s*-\s*([A-Z]\.[0-9]{2}\.[0-9]{4}\.[A-Z])",
re.IGNORECASE,
)
def _parse_date(text: str | None) -> date | None:
if not text:
return None
cleaned = text.strip()
try:
return date.fromisoformat(cleaned)
except ValueError:
pass
try:
return dateutil_parser.parse(cleaned, dayfirst=True).date()
except (ValueError, OverflowError, dateutil_parser.ParserError):
return None
def _extract_token(html: str) -> str | None:
match = _RE_FORM_TOKEN.search(html)
return match.group(1) if match else None
def _extract_action_value(html: str) -> str | None:
match = _RE_ACTION_VALUE.search(html)
return match.group(1) if match else None
def _extract_next_value(html: str) -> str | None:
match = _RE_NEXT_VALUE.search(html)
return match.group(1) if match else None
def _extract_result_links(html: str) -> list[str]:
links = []
seen: set[str] = set()
for raw_link in _RE_CONTENT_LINK.findall(html):
clean = raw_link.split("#", 1)[0]
if ":ARR." not in clean:
continue
if clean in seen:
continue
seen.add(clean)
links.append(urljoin(BASE_URL, clean))
return links
def _extract_result_cases(html: str) -> list[Case]:
cases: list[Case] = []
seen: set[str] = set()
chunks = html.split("<tr>")
for chunk in chunks:
link_match = _RE_CONTENT_LINK.search(chunk)
if not link_match:
continue
rel = link_match.group(1).split("#", 1)[0]
if ":ARR." not in rel:
continue
link = urljoin(BASE_URL, rel)
if link in seen:
continue
seen.add(link)
ecli_match = _RE_ECLI.search(chunk)
meta_match = _RE_RESULT_ROW_META.search(unescape(re.sub(r"<[^>]+>", " ", chunk)))
if not meta_match:
continue
decision_date = _parse_date(meta_match.group(1))
case_id = meta_match.group(2).upper()
if not case_id.startswith("C."):
continue
cases.append(
Case(
case_id=case_id,
link=link,
decision_date=decision_date,
jurisdiction="be",
language="nl",
full_text=None,
metadata={
"ecli": (ecli_match.group(1).upper() if ecli_match else None),
"source": "juportal.be",
},
)
)
return cases
def _extract_case_id(page_text: str) -> str | None:
match = _RE_ROLE.search(page_text)
return match.group(1).upper() if match else None
def _extract_ecli(page_text: str) -> str | None:
match = _RE_ECLI.search(page_text)
return match.group(1).upper() if match else None
def _extract_decision_date(page_text: str) -> date | None:
match = _RE_DATE.search(page_text)
return _parse_date(match.group(1) if match else None)
def _extract_text(page_html: str) -> str | None:
text = unescape(re.sub(r"<[^>]+>", "\n", page_html))
lines = [line.strip() for line in text.splitlines()]
cleaned = [line for line in lines if line]
return "\n".join(cleaned) if cleaned else None
class BEScraper(BaseScraper):
country = "Belgium"
def scrape(
self,
start_date: date | None = None,
end_date: date | None = None,
) -> list[Case]:
start = start_date or date(2015, 1, 1)
end = end_date or date.today()
cases: list[Case] = []
seen: set[str] = set()
session = requests.Session()
for year in range(start.year, end.year + 1):
year_start = max(start, date(year, 1, 1))
year_end = min(end, date(year, 12, 31))
if year_start > year_end:
continue
year_cases = self._scrape_year(session, year_start, year_end)
for case in year_cases:
if not case.link or case.link in seen:
continue
seen.add(case.link)
cases.append(case)
return cases
def _scrape_year(
self,
session: requests.Session,
start_date: date,
end_date: date,
) -> list[Case]:
log.info("Belgium %s to %s", start_date.isoformat(), end_date.isoformat())
form_html = self._fetch_text(session, SEARCH_FORM_URL)
if form_html is None:
return []
token = _extract_token(form_html)
action_value = _extract_action_value(form_html)
if not token or not action_value:
return []
payload = {
"TOKEN": token,
"action": action_value,
"TRECHNOROLE": "C.",
"TRECHDECISIONDE": start_date.isoformat(),
"TRECHDECISIONA": end_date.isoformat(),
"TRECHNPPAGE": "50",
"TRECHORDER": "DATEDEC",
"TRECHDESCASC": "DESC",
"TRECHOPER": "AND",
"TRECHLIMIT": "25000",
"TRECHMODE": "SIMPLE",
"TRECHSCORE": "1",
"TRECHSHOWFICHES": "fiches",
}
page_html = self._post_text(session, SEARCH_FORM_URL, payload)
if page_html is None:
return []
results: list[Case] = []
seen_links: set[str] = set()
for page_idx in range(1, MAX_PAGES_PER_QUERY + 1):
links = _extract_result_links(page_html)
if not links:
break
log.info("Belgium page %d: %d decision links", page_idx, len(links))
page_cases = _extract_result_cases(page_html)
for case in page_cases:
if not case.link or case.link in seen_links:
continue
seen_links.add(case.link)
results.append(case)
next_value = _extract_next_value(page_html)
next_token = _extract_token(page_html)
if not next_value or not next_token:
break
time.sleep(DELAY_SECONDS)
page_html = self._post_text(
session,
SEARCH_RESULTS_URL,
{"TOKEN": next_token, "next_page": next_value},
)
if page_html is None:
break
return [
c for c in results
if c.decision_date is not None
and start_date <= c.decision_date <= end_date
]
def _fetch_case(self, link: str) -> Case | None:
html = self._fetch_url_text(link)
if html is None:
return None
text = _extract_text(html)
if text is None:
return None
case_id = _extract_case_id(text)
if not case_id or not case_id.startswith("C."):
return None
decision_date = _extract_decision_date(text)
ecli = _extract_ecli(text)
return Case(
case_id=case_id,
link=link,
decision_date=decision_date,
jurisdiction="be",
language="nl",
full_text=text,
metadata={"ecli": ecli, "source": "juportal.be"} if ecli else {"source": "juportal.be"},
)
@staticmethod
def civil_filter(cases: list[Case]) -> list[Case]:
return [c for c in cases if (c.case_id or "").startswith("C.")]
def _fetch_text(self, session: requests.Session, url: str) -> str | None:
try:
response = session.get(url, timeout=30)
if response.status_code == 429:
time.sleep(RETRY_DELAY_SECONDS)
response = session.get(url, timeout=30)
if not response.ok:
return None
return response.text
except requests.RequestException:
return None
def _post_text(self, session: requests.Session, url: str, data: dict[str, str]) -> str | None:
try:
response = session.post(url, data=data, timeout=30)
if response.status_code == 429:
time.sleep(RETRY_DELAY_SECONDS)
response = session.post(url, data=data, timeout=30)
if not response.ok:
return None
return response.text
except requests.RequestException:
return None
|