legex/scrapers/at.py

"""Austria OGH (Oberster Gerichtshof) via RIS OGD API v2.6.

Endpoint and field schema discovered via the worldwidelaw/legal-sources project
(AGPL-3.0). We reimplement the scraping based on the API endpoint (link below).

Docs: https://data.bka.gv.at/ris/ogd/v2.6/Documents/Dokumentation_OGD-RIS_API.pdf
"""

import logging
import re
import time
from datetime import date
from typing import Any
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET

import requests

from legex.models.base import Case
from legex.scrapers.base import BaseScraper

log = logging.getLogger(__name__)

API_URL = "https://data.bka.gv.at/ris/api/v2.6/Judikatur"
RIS_DOCUMENTS_URL = "https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/Justiz"
PAGE_SIZE = 100
RATE_DELAY_SECONDS = 1.0
ENRICH_DELAY_SECONDS = 0.4
USER_AGENT = "legex-research (open-data, friendly)"
_DOC_ID_DATE_RE = re.compile(r"^JJ[RT]_(\d{8})_")
_JJT_NUM_RE = re.compile(r"(JJT_\d{8}_[A-Z0-9_]+)")
_WS_RE = re.compile(r"\s+")
_NORM_GZ_RE = re.compile(r"\s+")


def _parse_doc_id_date(doc_id: str) -> date | None:
    match = _DOC_ID_DATE_RE.match(doc_id or "")
    if not match:
        return None
    try:
        return date.fromisoformat(
            f"{match.group(1)[:4]}-{match.group(1)[4:6]}-{match.group(1)[6:8]}"
        )
    except ValueError:
        return None


def _as_text(obj: Any) -> str:
    """Flatten RIS `{"item": value}` / list / scalar into a single string."""
    if obj in (None, "", {}):
        return ""
    if isinstance(obj, str):
        return obj
    if isinstance(obj, dict):
        item = obj.get("item", obj.get("#text", ""))
        return _as_text(item)
    if isinstance(obj, list):
        return " | ".join(_as_text(x) for x in obj if x)
    return str(obj)


def _first_geschaeftszahl(value: Any) -> str:
    text = _as_text(value)
    for sep in (";", "|"):
        if sep in text:
            text = text.split(sep, 1)[0]
    return text.strip()


class ATScraper(BaseScraper):
    country = "Österreich"

    def scrape(
        self,
        start_date: date | None = None,
        end_date: date | None = None,
    ) -> list[Case]:
        params: dict[str, str] = {
            "Applikation": "Justiz",
            "Gericht": "OGH",
            "DokumenteProSeite": "OneHundred",
        }
        if start_date or end_date:
            params["Entscheidungsdatum.SucheNachDatum"] = "true"
            if start_date:
                params["EntscheidungsdatumVon"] = start_date.isoformat()
            if end_date:
                params["EntscheidungsdatumBis"] = end_date.isoformat()

        cases: list[Case] = []
        seen_ids: set[str] = set()
        page = 1
        total: int | None = None
        session = requests.Session()
        session.headers.update({"User-Agent": USER_AGENT, "Accept": "application/json"})

        while True:
            params["Seitennummer"] = str(page)
            try:
                resp = session.get(API_URL, params=params, timeout=60)
                resp.raise_for_status()
                data = resp.json()
            except Exception as e:
                log.warning("AT page %d failed (%s); stopping", page, e)
                break

            results = data.get("OgdSearchResult", {}).get("OgdDocumentResults", {})
            if total is None:
                hits_text = results.get("Hits", {}).get("#text", "0")
                try:
                    total = int(hits_text)
                except ValueError:
                    total = 0
                log.info("AT total OGH hits: %d", total)
                if total == 0:
                    break

            docs = results.get("OgdDocumentReference", [])
            if not isinstance(docs, list):
                docs = [docs] if docs else []
            if not docs:
                break

            for doc in docs:
                case = self._to_case(doc.get("Data", {}))
                if case is None or case.case_id in seen_ids:
                    continue
                # Server filter applies to most recent citation date, so include
                # RS that ride along on a recent citation, drop them here.
                if start_date and case.decision_date and case.decision_date < start_date:
                    continue
                if end_date and case.decision_date and case.decision_date > end_date:
                    continue
                seen_ids.add(case.case_id)
                cases.append(case)

            fetched = page * PAGE_SIZE
            log.info("AT page %d: %d docs (%d/%d total)", page, len(docs), min(fetched, total), total)
            if fetched >= total:
                break
            page += 1
            time.sleep(RATE_DELAY_SECONDS)

        cases.sort(key=lambda c: c.decision_date or date.min, reverse=True)
        log.info("Collected %d Austria cases", len(cases))
        return cases

    @staticmethod
    def _to_case(data: dict[str, Any]) -> Case | None:
        meta = data.get("Metadaten", {})
        tech = meta.get("Technisch", {})
        allg = meta.get("Allgemein", {})
        jud = meta.get("Judikatur", {})
        justiz = jud.get("Justiz", {})

        doc_id = tech.get("ID", "") or ""
        case_id = _first_geschaeftszahl(jud.get("Geschaeftszahl"))
        if not case_id:
            return None

        link = allg.get("DokumentUrl") or ""
        decision_date = _parse_doc_id_date(doc_id)
        latest_citation: str | None = None
        raw_date = jud.get("Entscheidungsdatum")
        if isinstance(raw_date, str) and raw_date:
            latest_citation = raw_date[:10]

        return Case(
            case_id=case_id,
            link=link,
            decision_date=decision_date,
            jurisdiction="at",
            language="de",
            full_text=None,
            metadata={
                "doc_id": doc_id,
                "ecli": _as_text(jud.get("EuropeanCaseLawIdentifier")),
                "dokumenttyp": _as_text(jud.get("Dokumenttyp")),
                "rechtsgebiete": _as_text(justiz.get("Rechtsgebiete")),
                "rechtssatznummern": _as_text(justiz.get("Rechtssatznummern")),
                "gericht": _as_text(justiz.get("Gericht")),
                "normen": _as_text(jud.get("Normen")),
                "latest_citation_date": latest_citation,
            },
        )

    @staticmethod
    def civil_filter(cases: list[Case]) -> list[Case]:
        # Justiz application at the OGH classifies cases by Rechtsgebiete. "Zivilrecht"
        # is civil law. Some entries combine fields like "Zivilrecht | Arbeitsrecht".
        return [
            c for c in cases
            if "zivilrecht" in (c.metadata or {}).get("rechtsgebiete", "").lower()
        ]

    @classmethod
    def enrich(cls, cases: list[Case]) -> list[Case]:
        """Download the JJT decision XML for each sampled case and set full_text.

        For each Rechtssatz we re-query the RIS API by its Dokumentnummer to
        recover the `Entscheidungstexte` list, pick the entry whose
        Geschaeftszahl matches our `case_id`, then fetch that JJT's XML and
        extract the plain text.
        """
        session = requests.Session()
        session.headers.update({"User-Agent": USER_AGENT, "Accept": "application/json"})

        enriched: list[Case] = []
        for i, case in enumerate(cases, 1):
            if case.full_text:
                enriched.append(case)
                continue
            text, jjt = cls._fetch_full_text(session, case)
            if text:
                meta = dict(case.metadata or {})
                if jjt:
                    meta["text_doc_num"] = jjt
                enriched.append(case.model_copy(update={"full_text": text, "metadata": meta}))
                log.info("AT enrich %d/%d %s: %d chars", i, len(cases), case.case_id, len(text))
            else:
                enriched.append(case)
                log.warning("AT enrich %d/%d %s: no text", i, len(cases), case.case_id)
            time.sleep(ENRICH_DELAY_SECONDS)
        return enriched

    @classmethod
    def _fetch_full_text(
        cls, session: requests.Session, case: Case
    ) -> tuple[str | None, str | None]:
        doc_id = (case.metadata or {}).get("doc_id") or ""
        if not doc_id:
            return None, None
        jjt = cls._lookup_jjt(session, doc_id, case.case_id or "")
        if not jjt:
            return None, None
        xml_url = f"{RIS_DOCUMENTS_URL}/{jjt}/{jjt}.xml"
        try:
            resp = session.get(xml_url, timeout=60)
            resp.raise_for_status()
            return _extract_text_from_xml(resp.content), jjt
        except Exception as e:
            log.warning("AT JJT %s XML fetch failed (%s)", jjt, e)
            return None, jjt

    @staticmethod
    def _lookup_jjt(session: requests.Session, rs_doc_id: str, case_id: str) -> str | None:
        # Re-query the RS to get its Entscheidungstexte list, then match to case_id.
        # The Suchworte free-text param actually filters, Dokumentnummer does not.
        params = {"Applikation": "Justiz", "Suchworte": rs_doc_id}
        try:
            resp = session.get(API_URL, params=params, timeout=60)
            resp.raise_for_status()
            data = resp.json()
        except Exception as e:
            log.warning("AT RS %s lookup failed (%s)", rs_doc_id, e)
            return None

        docs = data.get("OgdSearchResult", {}).get("OgdDocumentResults", {}).get(
            "OgdDocumentReference", []
        )
        if not isinstance(docs, list):
            docs = [docs] if docs else []
        if not docs:
            return None

        et = (
            docs[0]
            .get("Data", {})
            .get("Metadaten", {})
            .get("Judikatur", {})
            .get("Justiz", {})
            .get("Entscheidungstexte", {})
        )
        items = et.get("item", [])
        if isinstance(items, dict):
            items = [items]
        if not items:
            return None

        norm_case = _norm_gz(case_id)
        for item in items:
            gz = _norm_gz(item.get("Geschaeftszahl", ""))
            if gz == norm_case:
                m = _JJT_NUM_RE.search(item.get("DokumentUrl", ""))
                if m:
                    return m.group(1)

        # Fallback: first Entscheidungstext.
        first = items[0]
        m = _JJT_NUM_RE.search(first.get("DokumentUrl", ""))
        return m.group(1) if m else None


def _norm_gz(value: str) -> str:
    """RIS prints `1 Ob 108/24z` in some payloads and `1Ob108/24z` in others."""
    return _NORM_GZ_RE.sub("", value or "").lower()


def _extract_text_from_xml(content: bytes) -> str | None:
    try:
        root = ET.fromstring(content)
    except ET.ParseError as e:
        log.warning("AT XML parse failed (%s)", e)
        return None
    parts: list[str] = []
    for elem in root.iter():
        if elem.text and elem.text.strip():
            parts.append(elem.text.strip())
    if not parts:
        return None
    return _WS_RE.sub(" ", " ".join(parts)).strip()