legex/scrapers/it.py

"""Italy Corte di Cassazione (civil sections) via the public SentenzeWeb Solr API.

Endpoint and field schema discovered via the worldwidelaw/legal-sources project
(AGPL-3.0). We reimplement the scraping based on this API.

The SentenzeWeb index is a rolling window. As of probing in 2026 the earliest
deposit-date with civil decisions (`kind:snciv`) is 2021.
"""

import html
import logging
import re
from datetime import date, datetime
from typing import Any
from urllib.parse import urlencode

import requests
import urllib3

from legex.models.base import Case
from legex.scrapers.base import BaseScraper

log = logging.getLogger(__name__)

SOLR_URL = (
    "https://www.italgiure.giustizia.it/sncass/isapi/hc.dll/sn.solr/sn-collection/select"
)
PAGE_SIZE = 100
FIELDS = (
    "id,ocr,kind,numdec,anno,datdep,datdec,tipoprov,szdec,"
    "presidente,relatore,materia,filename"
)
urllib3.disable_warnings(urllib3.exceptions.InsecureRequestWarning)


def _first(value: Any) -> str:
    if isinstance(value, list):
        return str(value[0]) if value else ""
    return str(value) if value else ""


def _parse_solr_date(value: Any) -> date | None:
    text = _first(value)
    if not text or len(text) < 8:
        return None
    try:
        if "-" in text:
            return date.fromisoformat(text[:10])
        return datetime.strptime(text[:8], "%Y%m%d").date()
    except ValueError:
        return None


_OCR_WS = re.compile(r"[ \t]+")
_OCR_BLANK = re.compile(r"\n{3,}")


def _clean_ocr(text: str) -> str:
    if not text:
        return ""
    text = html.unescape(text)
    text = _OCR_WS.sub(" ", text)
    text = _OCR_BLANK.sub("\n\n", text)
    return text.strip()


class ITScraper(BaseScraper):
    country = "Italia"

    def scrape(
        self,
        start_date: date | None = None,
        end_date: date | None = None,
    ) -> list[Case]:
        # Iterate year by year
        start = start_date or date(2015, 1, 1)
        end = end_date or date(2025, 12, 31)

        session = requests.Session()
        session.headers.update(
            {
                "User-Agent": "legex-research (open-data, friendly)",
                "Accept": "application/json",
            }
        )
        session.verify = False

        cases: list[Case] = []
        seen: set[str] = set()
        for year in range(start.year, end.year + 1):
            ystart = max(date(year, 1, 1), start).strftime("%Y%m%d")
            yend = min(date(year, 12, 31), end).strftime("%Y%m%d")
            query = f"kind:snciv AND pd:[{ystart} TO {yend}]"

            total = self._count(session, query)
            log.info("IT %d hits: %d", year, total)
            if total == 0:
                continue

            offset = 0
            while offset < total:
                params = {
                    "q": query,
                    "start": str(offset),
                    "rows": str(PAGE_SIZE),
                    "wt": "json",
                    "fl": FIELDS,
                    "sort": "pd desc",
                }
                try:
                    resp = session.get(SOLR_URL + "?" + urlencode(params), timeout=120)
                    resp.raise_for_status()
                    docs = resp.json().get("response", {}).get("docs", [])
                except Exception as e:
                    log.warning("IT %d offset=%d failed (%s); skipping rest of year", year, offset, e)
                    break

                if not docs:
                    break

                for doc in docs:
                    case = self._to_case(doc)
                    if case is None or case.case_id in seen:
                        continue
                    seen.add(case.case_id)
                    cases.append(case)

                offset += len(docs)
            log.info("IT %d done: %d cumulative cases", year, len(cases))

        cases.sort(key=lambda c: c.decision_date or date.min, reverse=True)
        log.info("Collected %d Italy civil cases", len(cases))
        return cases

    @staticmethod
    def _count(session: requests.Session, query: str) -> int:
        params = {"q": query, "rows": "0", "wt": "json"}
        try:
            resp = session.get(SOLR_URL + "?" + urlencode(params), timeout=60)
            resp.raise_for_status()
            return int(resp.json().get("response", {}).get("numFound", 0))
        except Exception as e:
            log.warning("IT count query failed (%s)", e)
            return 0

    @staticmethod
    def _to_case(doc: dict[str, Any]) -> Case | None:
        doc_id = _first(doc.get("id"))
        numdec = _first(doc.get("numdec"))
        anno = _first(doc.get("anno"))
        if not numdec or not anno:
            return None
        case_id = f"{numdec}/{anno}"

        # SentenzeWeb exposes PDFs through the xway "attach" endpoint with the
        # filename rewritten to `.clean.pdf`. The plain `/sncass/{filename}` path
        # returns 404; the JS SPA constructs the URL below when a result is opened.
        filename = _first(doc.get("filename"))
        link: str | None = None
        if filename.endswith(".pdf"):
            clean_id = filename[:-4].lstrip("./") + ".clean.pdf"
            kind = _first(doc.get("kind")) or "snciv"
            link = (
                "https://www.italgiure.giustizia.it/xway/application/nif/clean/hc.dll"
                f"?verbo=attach&db={kind}&id={clean_id}"
            )

        decision_date = _parse_solr_date(doc.get("datdep")) or _parse_solr_date(
            doc.get("datdec")
        )
        full_text = _clean_ocr(_first(doc.get("ocr")))

        return Case(
            case_id=case_id,
            link=link,
            decision_date=decision_date,
            jurisdiction="it",
            language="it",
            full_text=full_text or None,
            metadata={
                "doc_id": doc_id,
                "ecli": f"ECLI:IT:CASS:{anno}:{doc_id}" if doc_id and anno else "",
                "filename": filename,
                "tipoprov": _first(doc.get("tipoprov")),
                "szdec": _first(doc.get("szdec")),
                "presidente": _first(doc.get("presidente")),
                "relatore": _first(doc.get("relatore")),
                "materia": _first(doc.get("materia")),
            },
        )