legex/scrapers/li.py

"""Liechtenstein Oberster Gerichtshof (OGH) via gerichtsentscheidungen.li.

Endpoints discovered via the worldwidelaw/legal-sources project (AGPL-3.0).
We reimplement the scraping based on the public AJAX endpoints.

Flow:
  1. POST /methods.aspx/getAkten {"s": "OGH.<year>"} → list of (case_number, listing_url).
  2. GET <listing_url> → results page with onclick="…default.aspx?z=…" per record.
  3. GET <detail_url> → metadata divs (hEIItem, aktenzeichen) and the decision text (`<div class='eintrag'>`).

The OGH hears both civil and criminal appeals; the source has no civil/criminal
flag, so `civil_filter()` is a text heuristic (presence of civil-law markers
like ABGB / ZPO and absence of criminal markers like StGB / StPO).
"""

import html
import logging
import re
import time
from datetime import date
from typing import Any

import requests

from legex.models.base import Case
from legex.scrapers.base import BaseScraper

log = logging.getLogger(__name__)

BASE_URL = "https://www.gerichtsentscheidungen.li"
AKTEN_URL = f"{BASE_URL}/methods.aspx/getAkten"
USER_AGENT = "legex-research (open-data, friendly)"
REQUEST_DELAY_SECONDS = 1.0

_ONCLICK_RE = re.compile(r"onclick=\"window\.location='(default\.aspx\?z=[^']+)'\"")
_HEI_RE = re.compile(r"<div class='fL hEIItem'>([^<]+)</div>")
_AKTEN_RE = re.compile(
    r"<div[^>]*class=['\"][^'\"]*aktenzeichen[^'\"]*['\"][^>]*>\s*([^<]+?)\s*</div>",
    re.IGNORECASE,
)
_EINTRAG_RE = re.compile(
    r"<div class=['\"]eintrag['\"][^>]*>(.*?)</div>\s*</td>",
    re.DOTALL,
)
_TAG_RE = re.compile(r"<[^>]+>")
_XML_DECL_RE = re.compile(r"<\?xml[^>]*\?>")
_WS_RE = re.compile(r"[ \t]+")
_BLANK_LINES_RE = re.compile(r"\n{3,}")
_DATE_RE = re.compile(r"^(\d{1,2})\.(\d{1,2})\.(\d{4})$")

CIVIL_MARKERS = ("ABGB", "ZPO", "Zivilrechtssache", "Klagsführer", "Beklagte")
CRIMINAL_MARKERS = ("StGB", "StPO", "Angeklagte", "Strafsache")


def _parse_date(text: str) -> date | None:
    m = _DATE_RE.match((text or "").strip())
    if not m:
        return None
    try:
        return date(int(m.group(3)), int(m.group(2)), int(m.group(1)))
    except ValueError:
        return None


def _clean_text(raw_html: str) -> str:
    text = _XML_DECL_RE.sub("", raw_html)
    text = _TAG_RE.sub(" ", text)
    text = html.unescape(text)
    text = _WS_RE.sub(" ", text)
    text = re.sub(r" ?\n ?", "\n", text)
    text = _BLANK_LINES_RE.sub("\n\n", text)
    return text.strip()


class LIScraper(BaseScraper):
    country = "Liechtenstein"

    def scrape(
        self,
        start_date: date | None = None,
        end_date: date | None = None,
    ) -> list[Case]:
        start = start_date or date(2015, 1, 1)
        end = end_date or date(2025, 12, 31)

        session = requests.Session()
        session.headers.update({"User-Agent": USER_AGENT})

        cases: list[Case] = []
        seen: set[str] = set()

        for year in range(start.year, end.year + 1):
            rows = self._get_akten(session, f"OGH.{year}")
            log.info("LI OGH.%d: %d rows", year, len(rows))
            for row in rows:
                if not isinstance(row, list) or len(row) < 2:
                    continue
                case_number = (row[0] or "").strip()
                listing_path = (row[1] or "").strip()
                if not case_number or not listing_path or case_number in seen:
                    continue
                detail_path = self._find_detail_path(session, listing_path)
                if not detail_path:
                    continue
                case = self._fetch_detail(session, case_number, detail_path)
                if case is None:
                    continue
                if start_date and case.decision_date and case.decision_date < start_date:
                    continue
                if end_date and case.decision_date and case.decision_date > end_date:
                    continue
                seen.add(case_number)
                cases.append(case)

        cases.sort(key=lambda c: c.decision_date or date.min, reverse=True)
        log.info("Collected %d Liechtenstein OGH cases", len(cases))
        return cases

    @staticmethod
    def _get_akten(session: requests.Session, prefix: str) -> list[Any]:
        try:
            resp = session.post(
                AKTEN_URL,
                json={"s": prefix},
                headers={"Content-Type": "application/json; charset=utf-8"},
                timeout=60,
            )
            resp.raise_for_status()
            data = resp.json()
        except Exception as e:
            log.warning("LI getAkten(%s) failed (%s)", prefix, e)
            return []
        time.sleep(REQUEST_DELAY_SECONDS)
        return data.get("d", []) or []

    @staticmethod
    def _find_detail_path(session: requests.Session, listing_path: str) -> str | None:
        url = f"{BASE_URL}/{listing_path.lstrip('/')}"
        try:
            resp = session.get(url, timeout=60)
            resp.raise_for_status()
        except Exception as e:
            log.warning("LI listing fetch failed %s (%s)", listing_path, e)
            return None
        time.sleep(REQUEST_DELAY_SECONDS)
        for m in _ONCLICK_RE.finditer(resp.text):
            target = m.group(1)
            if "z=" in target and len(target) > 30:
                return target
        return None

    def _fetch_detail(
        self,
        session: requests.Session,
        case_number: str,
        detail_path: str,
    ) -> Case | None:
        url = f"{BASE_URL}/{detail_path.lstrip('/')}"
        try:
            resp = session.get(url, timeout=60)
            resp.raise_for_status()
        except Exception as e:
            log.warning("LI detail fetch failed %s (%s)", case_number, e)
            return None
        time.sleep(REQUEST_DELAY_SECONDS)
        page = resp.text

        items = _HEI_RE.findall(page)
        decision_date: date | None = None
        decision_type: str | None = None
        court: str | None = None
        for item in items:
            item = item.strip()
            if decision_date is None:
                d = _parse_date(item)
                if d is not None:
                    decision_date = d
                    continue
            if item in ("OGH", "StGH", "OG", "LG", "VGH"):
                court = item
                continue
            if item in ("Urteil", "Beschluss", "Entscheidung", "Gutachten"):
                decision_type = item

        # Use the OGH decision number as the unique case_id. The underlying LG
        # `aktenzeichen` (e.g. "09 CG. 2011.232") is the case file at first
        # instance — it can repeat when one underlying case spawns multiple OGH
        # decisions (different appellants, split rulings) on the same day.
        akten_match = _AKTEN_RE.search(page)
        aktenzeichen = akten_match.group(1).strip() if akten_match else ""

        text_match = _EINTRAG_RE.search(page)
        full_text = _clean_text(text_match.group(1)) if text_match else None

        return Case(
            case_id=case_number,
            link=url,
            decision_date=decision_date,
            jurisdiction="li",
            language="de",
            full_text=full_text or None,
            metadata={
                "court": court or "OGH",
                "decision_type": decision_type or "",
                "aktenzeichen": aktenzeichen,
            },
        )

    @staticmethod
    def civil_filter(cases: list[Case]) -> list[Case]:
        kept: list[Case] = []
        for c in cases:
            text = c.full_text or ""
            if not text:
                continue
            if any(marker in text for marker in CRIMINAL_MARKERS):
                continue
            if not any(marker in text for marker in CIVIL_MARKERS):
                continue
            kept.append(c)
        log.info("LI civil_filter kept %d/%d", len(kept), len(cases))
        return kept