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Which of the following could Gordon's test show?	[ "if the spacecraft was damaged when using a parachute with a 1 m vent going 200 km per hour", "how steady a parachute with a 1 m vent was at 200 km per hour", "whether a parachute with a 1 m vent would swing too much at 400 km per hour" ]	1	People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. The passage below describes how the engineering-design process was used to test a solution to a problem. Read the passage. Then answer the ques...	closed choice	grade8	natural science	science-and-engineering-practices	Engineering practices	Evaluate tests of engineering-design solutions	People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured. Imagine an engineer needs to design a...
What is the name of the colony shown?	[ "Maryland", "New Hampshire", "Rhode Island", "Vermont" ]	1		closed choice	grade5	social science	us-history	English colonies in North America	Identify the Thirteen Colonies		The colony is New Hampshire. During the colonial era, New Hampshire and New York both claimed the territory that would later become the state of Vermont. Vermont was never its own colony.
Which of these organisms contains matter that was once part of the lichen?	[ "bilberry", "mushroom" ]	1	Below is a food web from a tundra ecosystem in Nunavut, a territory in Northern Canada. A food web models how the matter eaten by organisms moves through an ecosystem. The arrows in a food web represent how matter moves between organisms in an ecosystem.	closed choice	grade5	natural science	biology	Ecosystems	Interpret food webs II	A food web is a model. A food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web sho...	Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows that starts from the lichen. No arrow points to the bilberry. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the lichen to the bilberry.
What is the expected ratio of offspring with a woolly fleece to offspring with a hairy fleece? Choose the most likely ratio.	[ "0:4", "4:0", "2:2", "1:3", "3:1" ]	1	This passage describes the fleece type trait in sheep: The fleece, or outer coat, of a sheep is often cut off and used to make yarn for fabrics and other textiles. Woolly fleeces, which have shorter hairs, are usually used for clothing and blankets. Hairy fleeces, which have longer hairs, are usually used for carpets. ...	closed choice	grade8	natural science	biology	Genes to traits	Use Punnett squares to calculate ratios of offspring types	Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive? How do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to a...	To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with a woolly fleece or a hairy fleece, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the fleece type trait. The question tells you that the F allele, which is for a hairy fleece, is dominant over the f allele, whic...
Which property do these three objects have in common?	[ "shiny", "slippery", "opaque" ]	2	Select the best answer.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	physics	Materials	Compare properties of objects	An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects...	Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. An opaque object does not let light through. All three objects are opaque. A slippery object is hard to hold onto or stand on. The tortoise shell and the basketball are not slippery. A shiny object reflects a lot of light. You can usually see your re...
Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?	[ "The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.", "The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1.", "The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2." ]	2	The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material, but some of them are different sizes and shapes.	closed choice	grade8	natural science	physics	Velocity, acceleration, and forces	Compare magnitudes of magnetic forces	Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets,...	Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them. Magnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnit...
What is the capital of Wyoming?	[ "Phoenix", "Baton Rouge", "Honolulu", "Cheyenne" ]	3		closed choice	grade4	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the West		Cheyenne is the capital of Wyoming.
Is the following statement about our solar system true or false? The largest planet is made mainly of ice.	[ "true", "false" ]	1	Use the data to answer the question below.	true-or false	grade6	natural science	earth-science	Astronomy	Analyze data to compare properties of planets	A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet. The primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.	The table tells you that Jupiter is the largest planet and that Jupiter is made mainly of gas. So, the largest planet is made mainly of gas.
Which of the following organisms is the primary consumer in this food web?	[ "copepod", "black crappie", "bacteria" ]	0	Below is a food web from Little Rock Lake, a freshwater lake ecosystem in Wisconsin. A food web models how the matter eaten by organisms moves through an ecosystem. The arrows in a food web represent how matter moves between organisms in an ecosystem.	closed choice	grade5	natural science	biology	Ecosystems	Interpret food webs I	A food web is a model. A food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web sho...	Primary consumers eat producers. So, in a food web, primary consumers have arrows pointing to them from producers. The rotifer has an arrow pointing to it from the green algae. The green algae is a producer, so the rotifer is a primary consumer. The copepod has an arrow pointing to it from the golden algae. The golden ...
Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?	[ "The magnetic force is stronger in Pair 2.", "The magnetic force is stronger in Pair 1.", "The strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs." ]	1	The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	physics	Magnets	Compare strengths of magnetic forces	Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You c...	Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are closer together, the magnetic force between them is stronger. The magnets in Pair 1 are closer together than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is stronger in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.
Which better describes the Daintree rain forest ecosystem?	[ "It has year-round rain. It also has soil that is poor in nutrients.", "It has cold winters. It also has many different types of organisms." ]	0	Figure: Daintree rain forest. The Daintree rain forest is a tropical rain forest ecosystem in northeastern Australia.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	biology	Ecosystems	Describe ecosystems	An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other: the pattern of weather, or climate the type of soil or water the organisms that live there	A tropical rain forest is a type of ecosystem. Tropical rain forests have the following features: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. So, the Daintree rain forest has year-round rain. It also has soil that is poor in nutrients.
What is the capital of Delaware?	[ "Montpelier", "Trenton", "Dover", "Georgetown" ]	2		closed choice	grade3	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the Northeast		Dover is the capital of Delaware.
Which of these states is farthest north?	[ "Maine", "South Carolina", "Kansas", "Delaware" ]	0		closed choice	grade3	social science	geography	Geography	Read a map: cardinal directions	Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north...	To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. Maine is farthest north.
What can Greta and Allie trade to each get what they want?	[ "Greta can trade her tomatoes for Allie's sandwich.", "Allie can trade her broccoli for Greta's oranges.", "Allie can trade her almonds for Greta's tomatoes.", "Greta can trade her tomatoes for Allie's broccoli." ]	3	Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Greta and Allie open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Both of them could be happier with their lunches. Greta wanted br...	closed choice	grade6	social science	economics	Basic economic principles	Trade and specialization		Greta wanted broccoli in her lunch and Allie was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images. Greta has tomatoes. Allie has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want.
What is the capital of Colorado?	[ "Boulder", "Phoenix", "Colorado Springs", "Denver" ]	3		closed choice	grade5	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify the 50 state capitals		Denver is the capital of Colorado.
Which continent is highlighted?	[ "Africa", "North America", "South America", "Asia" ]	3		closed choice	grade5	social science	geography	Oceans and continents	Identify oceans and continents	A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.	This continent is Asia.
Identify the question that Chase's experiment can best answer.	[ "Do cardinals eat more seeds per visit from feeders containing sunflower seeds compared to feeders containing flax seeds?", "Do cardinals visit feeders containing sunflower seeds more often than feeders containing flax seeds?" ]	1	The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and then follow the instructions below. Chase set up five pairs of platform bird feeders around his yard. He filled one feeder in each pair with sunflower seeds and the other feeder with flax seeds. For one week, Chase watched cardinals visiting the feeders d...	closed choice	grade8	natural science	science-and-engineering-practices	Designing experiments	Identify the experimental question	Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment. Imagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was gr...
Which material is this path made of?	[ "plastic", "brick" ]	1		closed choice	grade2	natural science	physics	Materials	Identify materials in objects	A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.	Look at the picture of the path. The path is made of bricks.
Select the bird below.	[ "cane toad", "ostrich" ]	1	Birds have feathers, two wings, and a beak. A robin is an example of a bird.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	biology	Classification	Identify mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians	Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common. Scientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.	An ostrich is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak. The ostrich is the largest bird alive today. Ostriches cannot fly, but they can run very fast. A cane toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. Toads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole.
Which property do these three objects have in common?	[ "blue", "hard", "sticky" ]	0	Select the best answer.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	physics	Materials	Compare properties of objects	An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.	Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. A sticky object can attach or stick to other things. The toothpaste is sticky, but the soccer shorts and the water slide are not. Blue is a color. This color is blue. All three objects are blue. A hard object does not change shape when pressed or squ...
Which of the following was a dependent variable in this experiment?	[ "the temperature of the heating pad", "the number of days until a seed germinated" ]	1	The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and think about the variables that are described. Kenneth wanted to grow cucumbers from seeds. He read that using a heating pad to heat up potting soil could help make seeds germinate, or sprout, faster. Kenneth wondered whether the temperature of the heating...	closed choice	grade6	natural science	science-and-engineering-practices	Designing experiments	Identify independent and dependent variables	Experiments have variables, or parts that change. You can design an experiment to find out how one variable affects another variable. For example, imagine that you want to find out if fertilizer affects the number of tomatoes a tomato plant grows. To answer this question, you decide to set up two equal groups of tomato...
What is the capital of Mississippi?	[ "Detroit", "Jackson", "Biloxi", "Topeka" ]	1		closed choice	grade4	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the Southeast		Jackson is the capital of Mississippi.
Which property matches this object?	[ "stretchy", "blue" ]	0	Select the better answer.	closed choice	grade2	natural science	physics	Materials	Identify properties of an object	An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.	Look at the object. Think about each property. Blue is a color. This color is blue. The melted marshmallow is not blue. A stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The melted marshmallow is stretchy.
Is Rafflesia arnoldii made up of many cells?	[ "yes", "no" ]	0	This organism is Rafflesia arnoldii. It is a member of the plant kingdom. Rafflesia arnoldii has the largest flowers in the world. A single flower can be three feet wide! R. arnoldii is commonly called a corpse flower because the flower smells like rotting meat.	yes or no	grade4	natural science	biology	Classification	Describe, classify, and compare kingdoms	In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms. Organisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below sho...	Rafflesia arnoldii is a plant. Plants are made up of many cells.
What is the expected ratio of offspring with smooth fruit to offspring with fuzzy fruit? Choose the most likely ratio.	[ "3:1", "2:2", "1:3", "4:0", "0:4" ]	3	In a group of tomato plants, some individuals have smooth fruit and others have fuzzy fruit. In this group, the gene for the fruit texture trait has two alleles. The allele for smooth fruit (F) is dominant over the allele for fuzzy fruit (f). This Punnett square shows a cross between two tomato plants.	closed choice	grade8	natural science	biology	Genes to traits	Use Punnett squares to calculate ratios of offspring types	Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive? How do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to a...	To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with smooth fruit or fuzzy fruit, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the fruit texture trait. The question tells you that the F allele, which is for smooth fruit, is dominant over the f allele, which is f...
Which of the following could Cooper's test show?	[ "if at least 20% of the park would be shaded by trees in each design", "which design would have the least traffic noise in the concert area", "which design would have the greatest distance between the concert area and the road" ]	2	People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. The passage below describes how the engineering-design process was used to test a solution to a problem. Read the passage. Then answer the ques...	closed choice	grade8	natural science	science-and-engineering-practices	Engineering practices	Evaluate tests of engineering-design solutions	People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured. Imagine an engineer needs to design a...
Will these magnets attract or repel each other?	[ "repel", "attract" ]	0	Two magnets are placed as shown.	closed choice	grade5	natural science	physics	Magnets	Identify magnets that attract or repel	Magnets can pull or push on other magnets without touching them. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes are called magnetic forces. Magnetic forces are strongest at the magnets' poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: a north pole (N) and a south pole (...	To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other. The south pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.
What is the capital of Connecticut?	[ "Hartford", "Annapolis", "New Haven", "Dover" ]	0		closed choice	grade5	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the Northeast		Hartford is the capital of Connecticut.
Which ocean is highlighted?	[ "the Indian Ocean", "the Atlantic Ocean", "the Pacific Ocean", "the Southern Ocean" ]	0		closed choice	grade8	social science	geography	Physical Geography	Oceans and continents	Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.	This is the Indian Ocean.
Which statement describes the Yasuni National Park ecosystem?	[ "It has mostly small plants.", "It has many different types of organisms.", "It has soil that is rich in nutrients." ]	1	Figure: Yasuni National Park. The Amazon rain forest in South America is the largest rain forest ecosystem in the world. Ecuador's Yasuni National Park, which is in the Amazon rain forest, has many different species of plants, birds, and mammals.	closed choice	grade8	natural science	biology	Ecosystems	Describe ecosystems	An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment. There are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestri...	A tropical rain forest is a type of ecosystem. Tropical rain forests have the following features: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. So, the following statement describes the Yasuni National Park ecosystem: year-round rain and warm temperatures,...
Which property do these three objects have in common?	[ "fragile", "bouncy", "yellow" ]	0	Select the best answer.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	physics	Materials	Compare properties of objects	An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects...	Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. A fragile object will break into pieces if you drop it. All three objects are fragile. Yellow is a color. This color is yellow. None of the objects are yellow. A bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. None of the objects are bo...
Look at the models of molecules below. Select the elementary substance.	[ "carbon tetrachloride", "acetaldehyde", "bromine" ]	2		closed choice	grade6	natural science	chemistry	Atoms and molecules	Identify elementary substances and compounds using models	There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you. A substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are ...
Select the organism in the same species as the pink-backed pelican.	[ "Balearica pavonina", "Tyto alba", "Pelecanus rufescens" ]	2	This organism is a pink-backed pelican. Its scientific name is Pelecanus rufescens.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	biology	Classification and scientific names	Use scientific names to classify organisms	Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words. The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits. A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms...	A pink-backed pelican's scientific name is Pelecanus rufescens. Pelecanus rufescens has the same scientific name as a pink-backed pelican. So, these organisms are in the same species. Balearica pavonina does not have the same scientific name as a pink-backed pelican. So, Pelecanus rufescens and Balearica pavonina are n...
What is the capital of North Dakota?	[ "Des Moines", "Bismarck", "Madison", "Fargo" ]	1		closed choice	grade5	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the Midwest		Bismarck is the capital of North Dakota.
Identify the question that Jeremiah's experiment can best answer.	[ "Do cardinals visit feeders containing sunflower seeds more often than feeders containing flax seeds?", "Do cardinals eat more seeds per visit from feeders containing sunflower seeds compared to feeders containing flax seeds?" ]	0	The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and then follow the instructions below. Jeremiah set up five pairs of platform bird feeders around his yard. He filled one feeder in each pair with sunflower seeds and the other feeder with flax seeds. For one week, Jeremiah watched cardinals visiting the fee...	closed choice	grade7	natural science	science-and-engineering-practices	Designing experiments	Identify the experimental question	Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment. Imagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was gr...
What is the capital of Massachusetts?	[ "Cambridge", "Plymouth", "Boston", "Dover" ]	2		closed choice	grade5	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the Northeast		Boston is the capital of Massachusetts.
Which animal is also adapted to be camouflaged in the snow?	[ "short-tailed weasel", "common hawk-cuckoo" ]	0	Arctic wolves live in the Canadian Arctic and Greenland. The is adapted to be camouflaged in the snow. Figure: Arctic wolf.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	biology	Adaptations	Animal adaptations: skins and body coverings	An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal...	Look at the picture of the Arctic wolf. This Arctic wolf has white fur covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in the snow. The word camouflage means to blend in. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. During the winter, the short-tailed weasel has white fur covering its b...
Select the organism in the same genus as the Goliath heron.	[ "Falco sparverius", "Ardea herodias", "Tigrisoma mexicanum" ]	1	This organism is a Goliath heron. Its scientific name is Ardea goliath.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	biology	Scientific names	Use scientific names to classify organisms	Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words. The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits. A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms...	A Goliath heron's scientific name is Ardea goliath. The first word of its scientific name is Ardea. Ardea herodias is in the genus Ardea. The first word of its scientific name is Ardea. So, Ardea herodias and Ardea goliath are in the same genus. Falco sparverius is in the genus Falco. The first word of its scientific n...
Which country is highlighted?	[ "Barbados", "the Dominican Republic", "Saint Lucia", "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" ]	2		closed choice	grade7	social science	geography	The Americas: geography	Identify and select countries of the Caribbean		This country is Saint Lucia.
Will these magnets attract or repel each other?	[ "repel", "attract" ]	1	Two magnets are placed as shown.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	physics	Magnets	Identify magnets that attract or repel	Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. Whether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south. Here are some examples of magnets. The no...	To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other. The north pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Opposite poles attract. So, these magnets will attract each other.
Can Fromia monilis cells make their own food?	[ "yes", "no" ]	1	This organism is Fromia monilis. It is a member of the animal kingdom. Fromia monilis is commonly called a tile sea star. Did you notice that this tile sea star is missing one of its arms? If a tile sea star loses an arm, it can regrow the arm over time. This ability is called regeneration.	yes or no	grade4	natural science	biology	Classification	Describe, classify, and compare kingdoms	In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms. Organisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below sho...	Fromia monilis is an animal. Animal cells cannot make their own food. Animals get their food by digesting other organisms.
Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?	[ "weather", "climate" ]	0	Figure: Tambor Beach, Costa Rica. Tambor Beach is located in Costa Rica, a country in Central America. A temperature of 84°F was measured at Tambor Beach on Friday. Hint: Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	earth-science	Weather and climate	Weather and climate around the world	The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere. Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day. Climate is the pattern of ...	Read the passage carefully. Tambor Beach is located in Costa Rica, a country in Central America. A temperature of 84°F was measured at Tambor Beach on Friday. The underlined part of the passage tells you about the temperature at Tambor Beach on Friday. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. ...
Which country is highlighted?	[ "Vanuatu", "Tonga", "the Marshall Islands", "Nauru" ]	3		closed choice	grade8	social science	geography	Oceania: geography	Identify and select countries of Oceania		This country is Nauru.
Which rhetorical appeal is primarily used in this ad?	[ "logos (reason)", "pathos (emotion)", "ethos (character)" ]	1		closed choice	grade12	language science	writing-strategies	Persuasive strategies	Identify appeals to ethos, pathos, and logos in advertisements	The purpose of an advertisement is to persuade people to do something. To accomplish this purpose, advertisements use three types of persuasive strategies, or appeals. Appeals to ethos, or character, show the writer or speaker as trustworthy, authoritative, or sharing important values with the audience. An ad that appe...	The ad appeals to pathos, or emotion, by evoking feelings of parental love and concern.
Which animal is also adapted to be camouflaged among dead leaves?	[ "strawberry poison frog", "Surinam horned frog" ]	1	Orange oakleaf butterflies live in the forests of Asia. This butterfly is adapted to be camouflaged among dead leaves. Figure: orange oakleaf butterfly.	closed choice	grade5	natural science	biology	Adaptations	Animal adaptations: skins and body coverings	An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal...	Look at the picture of the orange oakleaf butterfly. The orange oakleaf butterfly has a brown leaf-shaped body. It is adapted to be camouflaged among dead leaves, which often have a reddish or brownish color. The word camouflage means to blend in. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptatio...
Identify the question that Helen's experiment can best answer.	[ "Does fabric turn darker when soaked in a mixture of black dye and water for 15 minutes compared to 30 minutes?", "Does linen fabric turn darker than cotton fabric when soaked in a mixture of black dye and water?" ]	1	The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and then follow the instructions below. Helen prepared ten buckets, each with one gallon of boiling water and three tablespoons of black fabric dye. Helen soaked white linen fabric squares in five of the buckets, and white cotton fabric squares in the other f...	closed choice	grade8	natural science	science-and-engineering-practices	Designing experiments	Identify the experimental question	Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment. Imagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was gr...
Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?	[ "The magnetic force is stronger in Pair 1.", "The magnetic force is stronger in Pair 2.", "The strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs." ]	1	The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	physics	Magnets	Compare strengths of magnetic forces	Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You c...	Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are closer together, the magnetic force between them is stronger. The magnets in Pair 2 are closer together than the magnets in Pair 1. So, the magnetic force is stronger in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.
What is the capital of Washington?	[ "Olympia", "Burlington", "Seattle", "Spokane" ]	0		closed choice	grade5	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the West		Olympia is the capital of Washington.
Which solution has a higher concentration of green particles?	[ "Solution B", "neither; their concentrations are the same", "Solution A" ]	1	The diagram below is a model of two solutions. Each green ball represents one particle of solute.	closed choice	grade6	natural science	chemistry	Solutions	Compare concentrations of solutions	A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution...	In Solution A and Solution B, the green particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of green particles, look at both the number of green particles and the volume of the solvent in each container. Use the concentration formula to find the number of green particles per millilit...
Which is this organism's scientific name?	[ "comet moth", "Argema mittrei" ]	1	This organism is a comet moth. It is also called Argema mittrei.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	biology	Classification and scientific names	Identify common and scientific names	An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know. An organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English. Scientific names are written in italics,...	Argema mittrei is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not. So, Argema mittrei is the scientific name.
Which property do these three objects have in common?	[ "smooth", "stretchy", "fuzzy" ]	0	Select the best answer.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	physics	Materials	Compare properties of objects	An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.	Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. A fuzzy object is covered in soft hair. None of the objects are fuzzy. A smooth object is not scratchy or rough. All three objects are smooth. A stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. None of the objects are stretchy. The property that all ...
Which continent is highlighted?	[ "North America", "Africa", "Asia" ]	2		closed choice	grade2	social science	geography	Geography	Identify oceans and continents	A continent is one of the seven largest areas of land on earth.	This continent is Asia.
Which of these states is farthest north?	[ "Florida", "Illinois", "Ohio", "New Hampshire" ]	3		closed choice	grade4	social science	geography	Maps	Read a map: cardinal directions	Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north...	To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. New Hampshire is farthest north.
Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?	[ "The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2.", "The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1.", "The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs." ]	2	The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material.	closed choice	grade6	natural science	physics	Velocity, acceleration, and forces	Compare magnitudes of magnetic forces	Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets,...	The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Both magnet sizes and distance affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. The sizes of the magnets in Pair 1 are...
Which animal's legs are also adapted for wading?	[ "kookaburra", "Eurasian spoonbill" ]	1	Flamingos live near marshes, rivers, and oceans. They eat small crustaceans that live in shallow water. Flamingos get their food by walking through water, or wading. The 's legs are adapted for wading. They are lightweight and keep the bird's body above the water. Figure: flamingo.	closed choice	grade5	natural science	biology	Adaptations	Animal adaptations: feet and limbs	An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. Arms, legs, flippers, and wings are different types of limbs. The type of limbs an animal has is an example of an adaptation. Animals' limbs can be adapted in different ways. For examp...	Look at the picture of the flamingo. Long legs help the flamingo keep its body above the surface of the water while wading. Thin legs are easier to move through the water. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. The Eurasian spoonbill has long, thin legs. Its legs are adapted for wadi...
Which rock is more likely to form from sediment deposited in a desert?	[ "Sandstone forms from layers of sand.", "Shale forms from layers of mud." ]	0	This picture shows a desert in Asia. A desert is an environment that does not get much rain or snow.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	earth-science	Rocks and minerals	How do sedimentary rocks form?	Material that is carried by wind, water, or ice is called sediment. Sand and mud are examples of sediment. Sediment may be deposited, or laid down, in places such as deserts and the ocean floor. Over time, sediment can be pressed together to form sedimentary rock. You can observe a sedimentary rock to learn about the e...	Sandstone is likely to form from sediment deposited in a desert. Shale forms from layers of mud. Mud is usually deposited by water. Since deserts are dry environments, mud is rarely found in deserts.
As Rusty pulls on the toy, what is the direction of the opposing force?	[ "away from Coco", "toward Coco" ]	1	The text below describes a pair of opposing forces. Opposing forces act on an object in opposite directions. Read the text. Then answer the question below. Two dogs, Rusty and Coco, play with a toy. Think about two of the forces that act on the toy: Coco pulls toward herself. Rusty pulls away from Coco.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	physics	Force and motion	How do balanced and unbalanced forces affect motion?	A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Each force acts on an object in a certain direction. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, they are called opposing forces.	Find the direction Rusty pulls on the toy. Two dogs, Rusty and Coco, play with a toy. Think about two of the forces that act on the toy: Coco pulls toward herself. Rusty pulls away from Coco. The text tells you that Rusty pulls away from Coco. The opposite direction is toward Coco. So, the direction of the opposing for...
What is the capital of Hawaii?	[ "Portland", "Bismarck", "Honolulu", "Juneau" ]	2		closed choice	grade4	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify the 50 state capitals		Honolulu is the capital of Hawaii.
What is the capital of Washington?	[ "Santa Fe", "Lansing", "Olympia", "Seattle" ]	2		closed choice	grade3	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the West		Olympia is the capital of Washington.
What is the probability that an American curl cat produced by this cross will be homozygous dominant for the ear type gene?	[ "0/4", "2/4", "4/4", "3/4", "1/4" ]	2	In a group of American curl cats, some individuals have curled ears and others have straight ears. In this group, the gene for the ear type trait has two alleles. The allele for curled ears (E) is dominant over the allele for straight ears (e). This Punnett square shows a cross between two American curl cats.	closed choice	grade8	natural science	biology	Genes to traits	Use Punnett squares to calculate probabilities of offspring types	Offspring genotypes: homozygous or heterozygous? How do you determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for a gene? Look at the alleles in the organism's genotype for that gene. An organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. If both alleles are dominant, the organism is h...
What is the capital of Oklahoma?	[ "Boise", "Oklahoma City", "Little Rock", "Birmingham" ]	1		closed choice	grade4	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the Southeast		Oklahoma City is the capital of Oklahoma.
Identify the question that Jaden and Ron's experiment can best answer.	[ "Do ping pong balls travel farther when launched from a 30° angle compared to a 45° angle?", "Do ping pong balls stop rolling along the ground sooner after being launched from a 30° angle or a 45° angle?" ]	0	The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and then follow the instructions below. Jaden placed a ping pong ball in a catapult, pulled the catapult's arm back to a 45° angle, and launched the ball. Then, Jaden launched another ping pong ball, this time pulling the catapult's arm back to a 30° angle. W...	closed choice	grade7	natural science	science-and-engineering-practices	Designing experiments	Identify the experimental question	Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment. Imagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was gr...
Complete the statement. Hydrogen is ().	[ "an elementary substance", "a compound" ]	0	The model below represents a molecule of hydrogen. Hydrogen gas was once used to make large airships, such as blimps, float. It is no longer used in airships because it catches fire easily.	closed choice	grade5	natural science	chemistry	Atoms and molecules	Classify elementary substances and compounds using models	All substances are made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. Every chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some element...	Count the number of chemical elements represented in the model. Then, decide if hydrogen is an elementary substance or a compound. In this model, both balls are labeled with H. So, the model shows you that hydrogen is made of one chemical element. Substances made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. ...
What is the name of the colony shown?	[ "New Jersey", "South Carolina", "West Virginia", "Rhode Island" ]	1		closed choice	grade8	social science	us-history	Colonial America	Identify the Thirteen Colonies		The colony is South Carolina.
What is the capital of Kansas?	[ "Des Moines", "Wichita", "Topeka", "Lincoln" ]	2		closed choice	grade3	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the Midwest		Topeka is the capital of Kansas.
Which continent is highlighted?	[ "North America", "Africa", "Asia", "South America" ]	1		closed choice	grade5	social science	geography	Oceans and continents	Identify oceans and continents	A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.	This continent is Africa.
Identify the question that Linda and Bob's experiment can best answer.	[ "Does Linda's snowboard slide down a hill in less time when it has a thin layer of wax or a thick layer of wax?", "Does Linda's snowboard slide down a hill in less time when it has a layer of wax or when it does not have a layer of wax?" ]	1	The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and then follow the instructions below. Linda applied a thin layer of wax to the underside of her snowboard and rode the board straight down a hill. Then, she removed the wax and rode the snowboard straight down the hill again. She repeated the rides four mor...	closed choice	grade6	natural science	science-and-engineering-practices	Designing experiments	Identify the experimental question	Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment. Imagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was gr...
What is the capital of Nevada?	[ "Sacramento", "Las Vegas", "Carson City", "Jefferson City" ]	2		closed choice	grade3	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the West		Carson City is the capital of Nevada.
What is the name of the colony shown?	[ "Maine", "Maryland", "New Hampshire", "North Carolina" ]	1		closed choice	grade7	social science	us-history	Colonial America	Identify the Thirteen Colonies		The colony is Maryland.
What is the capital of New Mexico?	[ "Albuquerque", "Santa Fe", "Honolulu", "Boston" ]	1		closed choice	grade3	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify the 50 state capitals		Santa Fe is the capital of New Mexico.
Which continent is highlighted?	[ "Europe", "Asia", "South America", "Australia" ]	2		closed choice	grade8	social science	geography	Physical Geography	Oceans and continents	A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.	This continent is South America.
Will these magnets attract or repel each other?	[ "repel", "attract" ]	0	Two magnets are placed as shown.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	physics	Magnets	Identify magnets that attract or repel	Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. Whether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south. Here are some examples of magnets. The no...	To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other. The north pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.
Which animal's limbs are also adapted for climbing trees?	[ "three-toed sloth", "sea turtle" ]	0	Chimpanzees live in the forests of Central Africa. Their limbs are adapted for climbing trees. Figure: chimpanzee.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	biology	Adaptations	Animal adaptations: feet and limbs	An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. Arms, legs, flippers, and wings are different types of limbs. The type of limbs an animal has is an example of an adaptation. Animals' limbs can be adapted in different ways. For examp...	Look at the picture of the chimpanzee. The chimpanzee uses its long limbs to reach branches while climbing. It uses its fingers and toes to grab the branches. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. The three-toed sloth has long limbs with fingers and toes. Its limbs are adapted for c...
Which type of relationship is formed when a rat tapeworm attaches itself to a rat's intestine?	[ "parasitic", "mutualistic", "commensal" ]	0	Read the passage. Then answer the question. A rat tapeworm is a type of flatworm that can live inside a rat's body. When a rat eats an insect that has a tapeworm inside it, the insect is digested, but the tapeworm remains alive. The tapeworm is moved into the rat's intestines and uses suckers to attach itself to the i...	closed choice	grade7	natural science	biology	Ecological interactions	Classify symbiotic relationships	When two organisms of different species interact in a way that affects one or both organisms, they form a symbiotic relationship. The word symbiosis comes from a Greek word that means living together. Scientists define types of symbiotic relationships based on how each organism is affected. This table lists three commo...	When a rat tapeworm attaches itself to a rat's intestine, the tapeworm gets nutrients that it needs to grow and survive. So, the tapeworm benefits from its relationship with the rat. The rat loses nutrients from its food to the tapeworm. So, the rat is harmed by its relationship with the tapeworm. Since the tapeworm be...
What is the capital of California?	[ "San Francisco", "Sacramento", "Jefferson City", "Lansing" ]	1		closed choice	grade3	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify the 50 state capitals		Sacramento is the capital of California.
Which property do these three objects have in common?	[ "salty", "scratchy", "sticky" ]	2	Select the best answer.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	physics	Materials	Compare properties of objects	An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects...	Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. Potato chips have a salty taste. The honey and the chocolate milkshake are not salty. A sticky object can attach or stick to other things. All three objects are sticky. A scratchy object is rough and itchy against your skin. None of the objects are s...
Based on the arrows, which of the following living things is a decomposer?	[ "kelp", "bat star" ]	1	Below is a food web from an ocean ecosystem. The ecosystem is in Monterey Bay, off the coast of California. A food web is a model that shows how the matter eaten by living things moves through an ecosystem. The arrows show how matter moves through the food web.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	biology	Ecosystems	Interpret food webs	A food web is a model. Models can make things in nature easier to understand. Models can be simpler than the things they represent. A food web is a model that shows where living things in an ecosystem get their food. If a food web showed every living thing in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, ...	Decomposers help break down dead living things into simpler matter, such as nutrients. These nutrients can then help plants and other living things grow. In a food web, there is an arrow pointing from another living thing to a decomposer. There are no arrows pointing from a decomposer to another living thing. The kelp ...
Is marble a mineral or a rock?	[ "rock", "mineral" ]	0	Marble has the following properties: naturally occurring no fixed crystal structure solid dissolves in acid not made by organisms made mostly of calcite	closed choice	grade8	natural science	earth-science	Rocks and minerals	Identify rocks and minerals	Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals. Minerals and rocks have the following properties: Property \| Mineral \| Rock It is a solid. \| Yes \| Yes It is formed in nature. \| Yes \| Yes It is not made by organisms. \| Yes \| Yes It is a pure substance. \| Yes \| No It has a fixed cry...	The properties of marble match the properties of a rock. So, marble is a rock.
Complete the statement. Ethane is ().	[ "an elementary substance", "a compound" ]	1	The model below represents a molecule of ethane. Ethane is used to make plastic bags.	closed choice	grade5	natural science	chemistry	Atoms and molecules	Classify elementary substances and compounds using models	All substances are made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. Every chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some element...	Count the number of chemical elements represented in the model. Then, decide if ethane is an elementary substance or a compound. In this model, each ball is labeled with C for carbon or H for hydrogen. So, the model shows you that ethane is made of two chemical elements bonded together. Substances made of two or more c...
What is the capital of Rhode Island?	[ "Fayetteville", "Huntington", "Providence", "Newport" ]	2		closed choice	grade5	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the Northeast		Providence is the capital of Rhode Island.
Which is this organism's scientific name?	[ "Gavia immer", "common loon" ]	0	This organism is a common loon. It is also called Gavia immer.	closed choice	grade5	natural science	biology	Scientific names	Identify common and scientific names	An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know. An organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English. Scientific names are written in italics,...	Gavia immer is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not. So, Gavia immer is the scientific name.
Which of these states is farthest west?	[ "Missouri", "Florida", "Montana", "Oregon" ]	3		closed choice	grade4	social science	geography	Maps	Read a map: cardinal directions	Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north...	To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. Oregon is farthest west.
Which property do these three objects have in common?	[ "slippery", "transparent", "yellow" ]	2	Select the best answer.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	physics	Materials	Compare properties of objects	An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects...	Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. Yellow is a color. This color is yellow. All three objects are yellow. A slippery object is hard to hold onto or stand on. The rubber toys and the gold nugget are not slippery. You can see clearly through a transparent object. None of the objects are...
Which statement describes the Cape Breton Highlands National Park ecosystem?	[ "It has soil that is rich in nutrients.", "It has many evergreen trees." ]	1	Figure: Cape Breton Highlands National Park. Cape Breton Highlands National Park is a taiga ecosystem in eastern Canada. It is mostly covered with taiga forests that are home to moose, bears, bald eagles, and other organisms.	closed choice	grade5	natural science	biology	Ecosystems	Describe ecosystems	An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment. There are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestri...	A taiga is a type of ecosystem. Taigas have the following features: long, cold winters and short, cool summers, many evergreen trees, and soil that is poor in nutrients. So, the following statements describe the Cape Breton Highlands National Park ecosystem: long, cold winters and short, cool summers, many evergreen tr...
Which of these organisms contains matter that was once part of the lichen?	[ "mushroom", "short-tailed weasel", "brown lemming", "rough-legged hawk", "bilberry" ]	0	Below is a food web from a tundra ecosystem in Nunavut, a territory in Northern Canada. A food web models how the matter eaten by organisms moves through an ecosystem. The arrows in a food web represent how matter moves between organisms in an ecosystem.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	biology	Ecological interactions	Interpret food webs II	A food web is a model. A food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web sho...	Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows that starts from the lichen. The bilberry does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the lichen to the bilberry.There are two paths matter can take from the...
Will these magnets attract or repel each other?	[ "attract", "repel" ]	1	Two magnets are placed as shown. Hint: Magnets that attract pull together. Magnets that repel push apart.	closed choice	grade2	natural science	physics	Magnets	Identify magnets that attract or repel	Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. Whether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south. Here are some examples of magnets....	Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other. The north pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Poles that are the same repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.
What is the name of the colony shown?	[ "New Hampshire", "Vermont", "New York", "Delaware" ]	2		closed choice	grade7	social science	us-history	Colonial America	Identify the Thirteen Colonies		The colony is New York. During the colonial era, New Hampshire and New York both claimed the territory that would later become the state of Vermont. Vermont was never its own colony.
Which bird's beak is also adapted to catch insects?	[ "barn swallow", "hanging parrot" ]	0	Common nighthawks eat insects and other small invertebrates. The shape of the 's beak is adapted to catch insects. Figure: common nighthawk.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	biology	Adaptations	Animal adaptations: beaks, mouths, and necks	An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The shape of a bird's beak is one example of an adaptation. Birds' beaks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a sharp hooked beak might help a bird tear through meat easily. ...	Look at the picture of the common nighthawk. A short, thin beak is light and easy to move. The common nighthawk uses its beak to grab fast-moving insects while flying. Now look at each bird. Figure out which bird has a similar adaptation. The barn swallow has a short, thin beak. Its beak is adapted to catch insects. Th...
Compare the average kinetic energies of the particles in each sample. Which sample has the higher temperature?	[ "neither; the samples have the same temperature", "sample A", "sample B" ]	1	The diagrams below show two pure samples of gas in identical closed, rigid containers. Each colored ball represents one gas particle. Both samples have the same number of particles.	closed choice	grade6	natural science	physics	Particle motion and energy	Identify how particle motion affects temperature and pressure	The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance. The kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of...	Each particle in sample A has more mass than each particle in sample B. The particles in sample A also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B. Because the particles in sample A have the higher average ...
What is the capital of Connecticut?	[ "Columbia", "Bridgeport", "New Haven", "Hartford" ]	3		closed choice	grade4	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the Northeast		Hartford is the capital of Connecticut.
What is the capital of Ohio?	[ "Wilmington", "Reno", "Cleveland", "Columbus" ]	3		closed choice	grade3	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the Midwest		Columbus is the capital of Ohio.
Is dolerite a mineral or a rock?	[ "mineral", "rock" ]	1	Dolerite has the following properties: found in nature not made by organisms coarse-grained texture solid no fixed crystal structure not a pure substance	closed choice	grade8	natural science	earth-science	Rocks and minerals	Identify rocks and minerals	Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals. Minerals and rocks have the following properties: Property \| Mineral \| Rock It is a solid. \| Yes \| Yes It is formed in nature. \| Yes \| Yes It is not made by organisms. \| Yes \| Yes It is a pure substance. \| Yes \| No It has a fixed cry...	The properties of dolerite match the properties of a rock. So, dolerite is a rock.
What evidence of a wildfire does this picture show?	[ "The grass is brown and dry.", "Some of the grass on the ground is burning." ]	1	This picture was taken during a wildfire. A wildfire happens when a natural area catches fire and burns.	closed choice	grade2	natural science	earth-science	Earth events	Find evidence of changes to Earth's surface	Evidence is information that tells you something happened. How do you look for evidence of a change to Earth's surface? There are many ways to find evidence of a change to Earth's surface. One way is to look at a picture that was taken after the change. Here are some examples of what the evidence for different changes ...
What can Austen and Naomi trade to each get what they want?	[ "Naomi can trade her broccoli for Austen's oranges.", "Austen can trade his tomatoes for Naomi's broccoli.", "Austen can trade his tomatoes for Naomi's sandwich.", "Naomi can trade her almonds for Austen's tomatoes." ]	1	Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Austen and Naomi open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Both of them could be happier with their lunches. Austen wanted ...	closed choice	grade6	social science	economics	Basic economic principles	Trade and specialization		Austen wanted broccoli in his lunch and Naomi was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images. Austen has tomatoes. Naomi has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want.
Will these magnets attract or repel each other?	[ "repel", "attract" ]	1	Two magnets are placed as shown. Hint: Magnets that attract pull together. Magnets that repel push apart.	closed choice	grade2	natural science	physics	Magnets	Identify magnets that attract or repel	Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. Whether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south. Here are some examples of magnets....	Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other. The north pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Poles that are different attract. So, these magnets will attract each other.
Based on the arrows, which of the following organisms is a consumer?	[ "mushroom", "lichen" ]	0	Below is a food web from a tundra ecosystem in Nunavut, a territory in Northern Canada. A food web models how the matter eaten by organisms moves through an ecosystem. The arrows in a food web represent how matter moves between organisms in an ecosystem.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	biology	Ecosystems	Interpret food webs	A food web is a model. A food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web sho...	Consumers eat other organisms. So, there are arrows in a food web that point from other organisms to consumers. The mushroom has arrows pointing to it from the barren-ground caribou and the grizzly bear. So, the mushroom is a consumer. The lichen does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, the lichen is a producer, no...
Which solution has a higher concentration of pink particles?	[ "neither; their concentrations are the same", "Solution B", "Solution A" ]	1	The diagram below is a model of two solutions. Each pink ball represents one particle of solute.	closed choice	grade8	natural science	chemistry	Solutions	Compare concentrations of solutions	A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution...	In Solution A and Solution B, the pink particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of pink particles, look at both the number of pink particles and the volume of the solvent in each container. Use the concentration formula to find the number of pink particles per milliliter. ...
Identify the question that Robert's experiment can best answer.	[ "Do steel nails take fewer days to rust in water compared to vinegar?", "Do steel nails rust in fewer days when submerged in a large volume of liquid compared to a small volume?" ]	0	The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and then follow the instructions below. Robert put one two-inch steel nail into each of six test tubes. He added water to three of the test tubes and vinegar to the other three. In each test tube, he completely covered the nail with the same volume of liquid....	closed choice	grade7	natural science	science-and-engineering-practices	Designing experiments	Identify the experimental question	Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment. Imagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was gr...
Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?	[ "weather", "climate" ]	0	Figure: Canary Islands. It was partly cloudy in the Canary Islands last Tuesday. Hint: Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	earth-science	Weather and climate	Weather and climate around the world	The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere. Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day. Climate is the pattern of ...	Read the passage carefully. It was partly cloudy in the Canary Islands last Tuesday. This passage tells you about the cloud cover over the Canary Islands last Tuesday. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.
Which country is highlighted?	[ "Haiti", "Trinidad and Tobago", "Cuba", "the Dominican Republic" ]	0		closed choice	grade6	social science	geography	The Americas: geography	Identify and select countries of the Caribbean		This country is Haiti. Does Haiti have any territorial disputes? Haiti claims to own Navassa Island, which is a disputed territory. In other words, multiple countries or groups claim that the area rightfully belongs to them. Navassa Island is also claimed by the United States. The United States claimed the island in 18...

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